glutamic acid profile

Glutamic Acid: A non-essential amino acid naturally occurring in the L-form. Glutamic acid is the most common excitatory neurotransmitter in the CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM. [Medical Subject Headings (MeSH), National Library of Medicine, extracted Dec-2023]

glutamic acid : An alpha-amino acid that is glutaric acid bearing a single amino substituent at position 2. [Chemical Entities of Biological Interest (ChEBI), Hastings J, Owen G, Dekker A, Ennis M, Kale N, Muthukrishnan V, Turner S, Swainston N, Mendes P, Steinbeck C. (2016). ChEBI in 2016: Improved services and an expanding collection of metabolites. Nucleic Acids Res]

Products

ID Source	ID
PubMed CID	33032
CHEMBL ID	575060
CHEBI ID	16015
CHEBI ID	53374
SCHEMBL ID	2202
MeSH ID	M0028010
PubMed CID	8737
CHEMBL ID	1404532
SCHEMBL ID	176818
MeSH ID	M0028010

Synonym
gamma-l-glutamic acid
gtpl1369
acido glutamico
acidum glutamicum
l-glutaminsaeure
glu ,
acide glutamique
CHEBI:16015 ,
D00007
glutamic acid (usp)
l-glutamic acid (jp17)
nsc 143503
einecs 200-293-7
glutamate, l-
acide glutamique [inn-french]
glutamic acid (h-3)
acidum glutamicum [inn-latin]
acido glutamico [inn-spanish]
glutaminic acid (van)
glutamic acid (l-glutamic acid)
acidum glutaminicum
2-aminopentanedioic acid, (s)-
glutamic acid [usan:inn]
glutamic acid, (s)-
alpha-aminoglutaric acid (van)
glutamic acid (van)
PDSP2_000127
tocris-0218
NCGC00024502-01
BIOMOL-NT_000170
LOPAC0_000529
BPBIO1_001132
PDSP1_000128
glutamic acid, l-
e 620
l-glutamic acid (9ci)
alpha-glutamic acid
fema no. 3285
glutamic acid, l- (7ci,8ci)
l-alpha-aminoglutaric acid
pentanedioic acid, 2-amino-, (s)-
epa pesticide chemical code 374350
d-glutamiensuur
ccris 7314
l-glutamic acid ,
56-86-0
glutacid
alpha-aminoglutaric acid
2-aminoglutaric acid
C00025
glut
l-glutamate
glt ,
l-glu
l-glutaminic acid
nsc143503
.alpha.-glutamic acid
1-aminopropane-1,3-dicarboxylic acid
aciglut
glutamicol
(s)-(+)-glutamic acid
glutaminol
l-2-aminoglutaric acid
(s)-glutamic acid
glusate
nsc-143503
glutamidex
l-(+)-glutamic acid
glutamic acid
glutaton
ai3-18472
(2s)-2-aminopentanedioic acid
(s)-2-aminopentanedioic acid
l-glutamic acid, 99%, fcc
l-glutamic acid, from non-animal source, meets ep testing specifications, suitable for cell culture, 98.5-100.5%
l-glutamic acid, reagentplus(r), >=99% (hplc)
1FTJ
DB00142
1XFF
1II5
NCGC00024502-03
HSCI1_000269
PDSP1_001539
PDSP2_001523
NCGC00024502-02
l-gluatmate
(s)-glu
l-[14c(u)]glutamate
bdbm17657
l-glutamic acid, bioultra, >=99.5% (nt)
AC-11294
27322E29-9696-49C1-B541-86BEF72DE2F3
NCGC00024502-04
h-glu-oh
e620
CHEMBL575060
ins no.620
l-2-amino-pentanedioic acid
ins-620
e-620
G0059
CHEBI:53374
(2s)-2-aminopentanedioic acid;h-glu-oh
A831210
ec 200-293-7
3kx376gy7l ,
hsdb 490
l-acido glutamico
unii-3kx376gy7l
dtxsid5020659 ,
cas-56-86-0
dtxcid30659
tox21_113053
2-amino-pentanedioic acid
AKOS006238837
l-a-aminoglutaric acid
a-aminoglutaric acid
a-glutamic acid
CCG-204619
l-glutamic adid
glutamic acid [inn]
lysine acetate impurity b [ep impurity]
l-glutamic acid [fhfi]
6899-05-4
glutamic acid [usan]
(s)-2-amino-1,5-pentanedioic acid
glutamic acid [vandf]
glutamic acid [inci]
glutamic acid [usp-rs]
glutamic acid [ep monograph]
l-glutamic acid [jan]
alanine impurity b [ep impurity]
glutamic acid [who-dd]
l-glutamic acid [fcc]
glutamic acid [mi]
AKOS015854087
S6266
AM81690
SCHEMBL2202
J-502415
(l)-glutamic acid
h-glu
[3h]-l-glutamic acid
l-glutamic acid, >=99%, fcc, natural sourced, fg
(s)-1-aminopropane-1,3-dicarboxylic acid
l (+)-glutamic acid, alpha-form
HB0383
(s)-1-aminopropane-1,3-dicarboxylic acid
mfcd00002634
F8889-8668
l-glutamic acid, certified reference material, tracecert(r)
M03872
M02979
s)-2-aminopentanedioic acid
sr-01000597730
SR-01000597730-1
l-glutamic acid, jis special grade, >=99.0%
l-glutamic acid, tested according to ph.eur.
glutamic acid, united states pharmacopeia (usp) reference standard
glutamic acid, european pharmacopoeia (ep) reference standard
l-glutamic acid, non-animal source
l-glutamic acid, 98.5%
l-glutamic acid, nist(r)rm 8573, usgs40
l-glutamic acid, nist(r) rm 8574, usgs41
l-glutamic acid, vetec(tm) reagent grade, >=99%
CS-0003473
a-aminoglutarate
aminoglutarate
l-alpha-aminoglutarate
(s)-(+)-glutamate
1-amino-propane-1,3-dicarboxylate
aminoglutaric acid
alpha-glutamate
l-a-aminoglutarate
alpha-aminoglutarate
2-aminoglutarate
(s)-2-aminopentanedioate
l-(+)-glutamate
a-glutamate
(s)-glutamate
1-aminopropane-1,3-dicarboxylate
HY-14608
DS-13284
l-glutamic,(s)
Q26995161
SDCCGSBI-0050512.P002
NCGC00024502-07
l-glutamic-acid
(+)-l-glutamic acid
polyglutamic acid(pga)
EN300-52632
glutamic acid (usp-rs)
acide glutamique (inn-french)
pentanedioic acid, 2-amino-, (s)
acido glutamico (inn-spanish)
glutamic acid (ep monograph)
acidum glutamicum (inn-latin)
Z756440052
15767-75-6
LS-13063
NSC9239 ,
acidulen
pepsidol
glutan h-c-l
glutan hydrochloric
acridogen
acridoride
glutamic acid, (l)
2-aminopentanedioic acid hydrochloride
smr000033946
MLS001056749
FT-0695019
A809866
dl-glutamic acid hydrochloride
FT-0627833
AKOS015914272
SCHEMBL176818
CHEMBL1404532
sr-01000075450
SR-01000075450-1
DTXSID70935774
glutamic acid--hydrogen chloride (1/1)
AMY25313
2-aminopentanedioic acid;hydrochloride
2-aminopentanedioicacidhydrochloride

Excerpt	Reference	Relevance
" Our data provide evidence that NO, synthesized upon glutamate exposure, has not a primary toxic action in pure hippocampal neuronal cultures."	( Blockade of nitric oxide formation does not prevent glutamate-induced neurotoxicity in neuronal cultures from rat hippocampus. Leysen, JE; Pauwels, PJ, 1992)	0.28
") were also resistant to the toxic effects of quisqualic acid, indicating the possible involvement of NMDA receptors in quisqualic acid toxicity."	( Quisqualic acid-induced neurotoxicity is protected by NMDA and non-NMDA receptor antagonists. Pai, KS; Ravindranath, V, 1992)	0.28
" We have shown that large doses of glutamate administered intraperitoneally are toxic to spiral ganglion cells in the inner ear of the rat."	( Glutamate neurotoxicity in rat auditory system: cochlear nuclear complex. Janssen, R; Jensen, KF; Schweitzer, L, )	0.13
" In the present study on these neurons, calcium channel antagonists were found at 500-1000 nM concentrations to attenuate the early rise in [Ca2+]i and the subsequent toxic effects of exogenous glutamate, N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA), or an endogenous glutamate-related compound present in the retinal cultures."	( Calcium channel antagonists attenuate NMDA receptor-mediated neurotoxicity of retinal ganglion cells in culture. Lei, SZ; Lipton, SA; Sucher, NJ, 1991)	0.28
" No toxic effect of quisqualate is observed."	( Kainate and NMDA toxicity for cultured developing and adult rat spiral ganglion neurons: further evidence for a glutamatergic excitatory neurotransmission at the inner hair cell synapse. Delrée, P; Lefebvre, PP; Leprince, P; Moonen, G; Rigo, JM; Rogister, B; Weber, T, 1991)	0.28
" Reducing the glutamate level of macrophage SN, either by exposure to astrocytes or by enzymatic degradation abolished the toxic effect."	( Murine brain macrophages induced NMDA receptor mediated neurotoxicity in vitro by secreting glutamate. Cuénod, M; Do, KQ; Fontana, A; Frei, K; Piani, D, 1991)	0.28
" In contrast, treatment with the quinone reductase inhibitor dicumarol potentiated the toxic effect of glutamate."	( Enhanced NAD(P)H:quinone reductase activity prevents glutamate toxicity produced by oxidative stress. Coyle, JT; De Long, MJ; Murphy, TH, 1991)	0.28
"There is now convincing evidence that excessive accumulation of the excitatory amino acid glutamate (GLU) in the extracellular space is toxic to central mammalian neurons."	( Glutamate neurotoxicity in vitro: antagonist pharmacology and intracellular calcium concentrations. Michaels, RL; Rothman, SM, 1990)	0.28
" GABA increases glutamate toxicity in a dose-dependent fashion, but NMDA and kainic acid were not toxic in the presence or absence of GABA."	( gamma-Aminobutyric acid (GABA) enhances glutamate cytotoxicity in a cerebellar cell line. Simantov, R, 1990)	0.28
" Morphological criteria were used to determine the toxic effects of glutamate in 6-, 12-, and 18-day-old cultures which were examined before and after 1-3 h of exposure to glutamate."	( Characterization and mechanism of glutamate neurotoxicity in primary striatal cultures. Beal, MF; DiFiglia, M; Freese, A; Koroshetz, WJ; Martin, JB, 1990)	0.28
"3 microM and 9 microM, respectively, against the toxic action of 100 microM glutamate."	( Excitatory amino acid neurotoxicity at the N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor in cultured neurons: protection by SKF 10,047. Feuerstein, G; Lysko, PG, 1990)	0.28
" Immature cortical neurons are insensitive to the toxic effects of glutamate receptor stimulation."	( Glutamate toxicity in immature cortical neurons precedes development of glutamate receptor currents. Baraban, JM; Murphy, TH, 1990)	0.28
" Extracellular sodium replacement or addition of tetrodotoxin produced only minor reduction in this toxic neuronal loss."	( Glutamate neurotoxicity in cortical cell culture is calcium dependent. Choi, DW, 1985)	0.27
" The LD50 values for the two amino acids were, respectively, 1 and 296 kBq/ml of medium."	( The effects of tritium on embryo development: the embryotoxic effects of [3H]tryptophan. Carroll, J; Killen, HM, 1989)	0.28
"05% taurine in addition to an excess of cystine, four cats died after showing minimal symptoms of lethargy and unsteadiness and the remainder showed no adverse effects."	( Cystine neurotoxicity is increased by taurine deficiency. Gargano, AD; Imaki, H; Messing, JM; Rerecich, M; Rudelli, R; Sturman, JA, 1989)	0.28
" Although MPTP is not neurotoxic in an enriched granule cell culture, in coculture with cerebellar astrocytes MPTP is toxic to granule cells, presumably because it is converted in astrocytes to MPP+."	( The neurotoxicity of 1-methyl-4-phenylpyridinium in cultured cerebellar granule cells. Kopin, IJ; Marini, AM; Schwartz, JP, 1989)	0.28
" Glutamate is not toxic at kainate receptors although they are present on these cells."	( Neurotoxicity at the N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor in energy-compromised neurons. An hypothesis for cell death in aging and disease. Cox, JA; Henneberry, RC; Lysko, PG; Novelli, A, 1989)	0.28
"Destruction of the glutamatergic corticostriatal pathway potentiates the neurotoxic action of 1 mumol L-glutamate injected into the rat striatum, whereas the toxic effects of 10 nmol kainate are markedly attenuated."	( Neurotoxicity of L-glutamate and DL-threo-3-hydroxyaspartate in the rat striatum. McBean, GJ; Roberts, PJ, 1985)	0.27
"This report examines the safety issues related to the nutritive sweetener aspartame, including possible toxic effects of aspartame's component amino acids, aspartic acid and phenylalanine, and its major decomposition products, methanol and diketopiperazine, and the potential synergistic effect of aspartame and dietary carbohydrate on brain neurochemicals."	( Aspartame. Review of safety issues. Council on Scientific Affairs. , 1985)	0.27
" The focus of the present experiments was to determine the effects of several alterations in the extracellular ionic environment upon the serial morphologic changes that occur after mouse neocortical neurons in cell culture receive toxic exposure to glutamate."	( Ionic dependence of glutamate neurotoxicity. Choi, DW, 1987)	0.27
"Neurotoxicity is the principal limiting side effect of the widely used antitumor agent, vincristine."	( Amelioration of vincristine neurotoxicity by glutamic acid. Atkins, JN; Cruz, JM; Jackson, DV; Muss, HB; Richards, F; Wells, HB; White, DR; Zekan, PJ, 1988)	0.27
" PCP and MK-801 block neurotoxicity induced by glutamate doses 50 times higher than the LD50 (LD50 in Mg2+-free medium, 10 microM) but only partially block the kainate neurotoxicity (LD50 in presence of Mg2+, 100 microM)."	( Gangliosides prevent glutamate and kainate neurotoxicity in primary neuronal cultures of neonatal rat cerebellum and cortex. Alho, H; Bertolino, M; Costa, E; Favaron, M; Ferret, B; Guidotti, A; Manev, H, 1988)	0.27
" Only ALA (10 microM) and glutamic acid (1 mM) were toxic towards neurons in culture, as measured by cell survival after 5 days' exposure."	( [Mechanism of delta-aminolevulinic acid neurotoxicity]. Lamm, MC; McCarthy, BW; Neethling, AC; Percy, VA; Taljaard, JJ; Truter, L, 1981)	0.26
" In some cases, mercuric chloride and monomethyl mercury were equally toxic at comparable concentrations."	( Comparison of methods to measure acute metal and organometal toxicity to natural aquatic microbial communities. Gilmour, CC; Jonas, RB; Stoner, DL; Tuttle, JH; Weir, MM, 1984)	0.27
" In an initial non-blinded study, L-glutamic acid (15 mM) exerted a significant toxic effect on HD fibroblasts, decreasing viability by approximately 60% after 48 h exposure."	( Effects of L-glutamate on viabilities of cultured diploid skin fibroblasts and lymphocytes. Increased toxicity not observed in Huntington's disease. Bird, TD; Casper, JB; Stahl, WL; Ward, CB, )	0.13
" Unlike a number of environmental neurotoxicants which induce toxic changes primarily in axons, these agents attack the dendrosomal portions of the neuron, which has led to their use as "axon-sparing" lesioning agents."	( The toxic effects of glutamate and related compounds in the retina and the brain. Olney, JW, 1982)	0.26
"9 LD50 dose of soman reduced the severity of convulsions and increased survival."	( Assessment of primary neuronal culture as a model for soman-induced neurotoxicity and effectiveness of memantine as a neuroprotective drug. Deshpande, SS; Filbert, MG; Smith, CD, 1995)	0.29
" At a concentration that was not toxic by itself, L-trans-pyrrolidine-2,4-dicarboxylate increased the toxicity of glutamate approximately fivefold and slowed the clearance of glutamate from the extracellular space."	( Inhibition of glutamate uptake with L-trans-pyrrolidine-2,4-dicarboxylate potentiates glutamate toxicity in primary hippocampal cultures. Buchhalter, JR; Djali, S; Robinson, MB, 1993)	0.29
" We have investigated the receptor specificity of endogenous glutamate's toxic effects in organotypic cultures of the hippocampus by acute blockade of these transporters."	( Neurotoxicity of acute glutamate transport blockade depends on coactivation of both NMDA and AMPA/Kainate receptors in organotypic hippocampal cultures. Park, J; Tasker, RC; Vornov, JJ, 1995)	0.29
" Among various processes that have been thought to mediate the toxic effects of glutamate are activation of the Ca(2+)-dependent proteases calpain I and II and the activation of nitric oxide synthase."	( Delayed antagonism of calpain reduces excitotoxicity in cultured neurons. Brorson, JR; Marcuccilli, CJ; Miller, RJ, 1995)	0.29
" This inhibitor also limited the toxicity, even when applied at times up to 1 hour after the onset of the toxic exposure."	( Delayed antagonism of calpain reduces excitotoxicity in cultured neurons. Brorson, JR; Marcuccilli, CJ; Miller, RJ, 1995)	0.29
" In excess, NO is toxic to neurones."	( Nitric oxide: role in neurotoxicity. Dawson, VL, 1995)	0.29
" MK-801 (a non-competitive antagonist of NMDA receptors; 100 nM) completely inhibited the toxic and trophic actions of glutamate and NMDA, as well as the 45Ca2+ influx induced by NMDA, but only 80% of the 45Ca2+ influx induced by glutamate."	( Ethanol inhibits NMDA-induced toxicity and trophism in cultured cerebellar granule cells. Korpi, ER; Wegelius, K, 1995)	0.29
" Micromolar concentrations of L-glutamate, as well as agonists that specifically activate N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) and non-NMDA receptors, are all toxic to dopamine neurons in a concentration-dependent manner, as reflected by decreases in high-affinity dopamine uptake and confirmed by decreases in numbers of tyrosine hydroxylase-immunoreactive neurons."	( Epidermal growth factor and basic fibroblast growth factor protect dopaminergic neurons from glutamate toxicity in culture. Blum, M; Casper, D, 1995)	0.29
" Such an unusual energy drain for rapid initial Cd2+ influx is suggested to be due to a series of toxic events elicited by Cd2+ accumulation down delta psi generated via the redox proton pump: (i) strong inhibition of glutamate oxidation accompanied by a decrease of electrochemical proton gradient (delta mu H+) formation via the respiratory chain, (ii) automatic reversal of ATP synthetase from biosynthetic to hydrolytic mode, which was monitored by a decrease of delta mu (H+)-dependent ATP synthesis, (iii) acceleration of the initial Cd2+ influx down delta psi generated by the reversed ATP synthetase, the alternative proton pump hydrolyzing endogenous ATP."	( Energetic basis of cadmium toxicity in Staphylococcus aureus. Malm, A; Tynecka, Z, 1995)	0.29
" Taken together with previous patch clamp data, our findings suggest that depolymerization of actin in response to Ca2+ influx may serve as a feedback mechanism to attenuate potentially toxic levels of Ca2+ influx."	( Evidence that actin depolymerization protects hippocampal neurons against excitotoxicity by stabilizing [Ca2+]i. Furukawa, K; Mattson, MP; Smith-Swintosky, VL, 1995)	0.29
" In order to demonstrate the existence of such a selective vulnerability, the toxic effects of rotenone, an inhibitor of complex I of the respiratory chain, and of glutamate, which is very likely involved in the neurotoxicity induced by an energetic stress, were analyzed on cultured mouse mesencephalic neurons."	( A selective toxicity toward cultured mesencephalic dopaminergic neurons is induced by the synergistic effects of energetic metabolism impairment and NMDA receptor activation. Gelman, M; Lévi-Strauss, M; Marey-Semper, I, 1995)	0.29
" We now present evidence that the toxic action of glutamate may correspond to programmed cell death because it is blocked by either actinomycin D or cycloheximide."	( Cycloheximide and actinomycin D block the toxic effect of glutamic acid on PC12 cells. Duval, D; Froissard, P; Serghini, R; Sola, B, 1994)	0.29
" The constant perfusion (1 h) of glutamate 50 microM was toxic to the neurons."	( Glutamate effect on synaptic transmission mediates neurotoxicity in dissociated rat hippocampal neurons. Yoon, KW, 1995)	0.29
" Cerebellar granule cells at 12 days in culture when treated with a toxic dose of glutamate (100 microM) showed a rapid and transient increase of polyADP-ribose immunoreactivity."	( Poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase: early involvement in glutamate-induced neurotoxicity in cultured cerebellar granule cells. Cosi, C; Facci, L; Kanai, Y; Menegazzi, M; Milani, D; Skaper, SD; Suzuki, H; Vantini, G, 1994)	0.29
"Glutamate (Glu), the major excitatory neurotransmitter in the nervous system, is toxic to neurons when it accumulates at high concentrations in the extracellular space."	( Rapid desensitization determines the pharmacology of glutamate neurotoxicity. Moudy, AM; Rothman, SM; Yamada, KA, 1994)	0.29
" Accordingly, intracellular hydrogen ion concentrations were measured in cultured hippocampal neurons with the fluorescent dye BCECF during and after toxic exposures."	( Changes in intracellular pH associated with glutamate excitotoxicity. Dubinsky, JM; Hartley, Z, 1993)	0.29
" Both Purkinje neurons and non-Purkinje cell types present in the cultures were similarly vulnerable to toxic KA exposure, but the population marked by KA-induced Co2+ uptake was selectively diminished by the excitotoxicity."	( Ca2+ entry via AMPA/KA receptors and excitotoxicity in cultured cerebellar Purkinje cells. Brorson, JR; Manzolillo, PA; Miller, RJ, 1994)	0.29
" Dihydroergocryptine antagonized both the neuronal death produced by acute exposure to a toxic glutamate concentration as well as the normal age-dependent degeneration in culture."	( Protection by dihydroergocryptine of glutamate-induced neurotoxicity. Aleppo, G; Canonico, PL; Favit, A; Scapagnini, U; Sortino, MA, 1993)	0.29
" Among related amino acids, DL-alpha-aminoadipic acid (DL-alpha-AAA), which is well known as a selective gliotoxin in the retina, is also toxic to these cells."	( Cystine/glutamate antiporter expression in retinal Müller glial cells: implications for DL-alpha-aminoadipate toxicity. Ishita, S; Kato, S; Mawatari, K; Sugawara, K, 1993)	0.29
" It is concluded that GNT was mediated by the N-methyl-D-aspartic acid (NMDA) receptor from the following observations: 1) GNT was completely blocked by MK-801, an NMDA receptor antagonist; 2) NMDA itself was as toxic as glutamate; 3) 6-cyano-7-nitroquinoxaline-2,3-dione (CNQX), an antagonist of the alpha-amino-3-hydroxy-5-methylisoxazole-4-propionic acid/kainate (AMPA/KA) receptor, did not block GNT; 4) kainate did not show neurotoxicity at a low concentration; and 5) two modulators of the NMDA receptor, 7-chlorokynurenic acid and magnesium, were effective in blocking GNT."	( Glutamate neurotoxicity in mesencephalic dopaminergic neurons in culture. Kikuchi, S; Kim, SU, 1993)	0.29
" We suspected that L-carnitine would prevent ammonia toxicity by preventing the toxic effects of glutamate."	( L-carnitine increases the affinity of glutamate for quisqualate receptors and prevents glutamate neurotoxicity. Cabedo, H; Felipo, V; Grisolía, S; Miñana, MD, 1994)	0.29
" Methotrexate alone was not toxic to astrocytes, neurons, or the neurite networking."	( MK-801 and memantine protect cultured neurons from glutamate toxicity induced by glutamate carboxypeptidase-mediated cleavage of methotrexate. Finiels-Marlier, F; Marini, AM; Martin, B; Paul, SM; Weller, M, 1993)	0.29
" Availability of additional energy and formation of non-toxic or less toxic mercury are the probable causes of reduction in toxicity effects."	( Change in toxicity effect of mercury at static concentration to Chlorella vulgaris with addition of organic carbon sources. Mohanty, L; Mohanty, RC; Mohapatra, PK, 1993)	0.29
" Furthermore, adult motoneurons remain resistant to the toxic effects of N-methyl-D-aspartate, even after nerve injury."	( Nerve injury increases the susceptibility of motoneurons to N-methyl-D-aspartate-induced neurotoxicity in the developing rat. Greensmith, L; Hasan, HI; Vrbová, G, 1994)	0.29
" polylepis were toxic as determined by all four test methods."	( Toxicity of four potentially ichthyotoxic marine phytoflagellates determined by four different test methods. Edvardsen, B; Fonnum, F; Meldahl, AS, 1994)	0.29
"The toxic effects of ethanol on rat cortical cell cultures were compared with neuronal damage induced by glucose deprivation."	( Ethanol and glucose-deprivation neurotoxicity in cortical cell cultures. Ehmann, S; Singh, SP; Snyder, AK, 1994)	0.29
" This suggests that glutamate also mediates the toxic effects of METH."	( Methamphetamine-induced neurotoxicity: roles for glutamate and dopamine efflux. Stephans, SE; Yamamoto, BK, 1994)	0.29
" Toxic exposure of neurons to glutamate results in an extended neuronal depolarization that precedes delayed neuronal death."	( Excitotoxicity affects membrane potential and calmodulin kinase II activity in cultured rat cortical neurons. Churn, SB; DeLorenzo, RJ; Sombati, S; Taft, WC, 1993)	0.29
" After a 5 min toxic insult, [Ca2+]i increased immediately and remained elevated for an hour."	( Intracellular calcium levels during the period of delayed excitotoxicity. Dubinsky, JM, 1993)	0.29
" Furthermore, both toxic and nontoxic concentrations of glutamate stimulated the activity of ornithine decarboxylase (ODC)--the key regulatory enzyme in polyamine synthesis--and increased the concentration of ODC mRNA in cerebellar granule neurons but not in glial cells."	( Induction of ornithine decarboxylase by N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor activation is unrelated to potentiation of glutamate excitotoxicity by polyamines in cerebellar granule neurons. Bristol, LA; Guidotti, A; Lombardi, G; Manev, H; Szekely, AM, 1993)	0.29
"It is well known that acute exposure to high concentrations of glutamate is toxic to central mammalian neurons."	( Chronic low-dose glutamate is toxic to retinal ganglion cells. Toxicity blocked by memantine. Dreyer, EB; Hyman, BT; Lipton, SA; Sabel, BA; Vorwerk, CK; Zurakowski, D, 1996)	0.29
"These data suggest that minor elevations in glutamate concentration can be toxic to ganglion cells if this elevation is maintained for 3 months."	( Chronic low-dose glutamate is toxic to retinal ganglion cells. Toxicity blocked by memantine. Dreyer, EB; Hyman, BT; Lipton, SA; Sabel, BA; Vorwerk, CK; Zurakowski, D, 1996)	0.29
" However, elevated concentrations of NO, interacting with oxygen radicals, become toxic and mediate glutamate-induced neurotoxicity in the cultured retinal neurons."	( Dual actions of nitric oxide in N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor-mediated neurotoxicity in cultured retinal neurons. Akaike, A; Honda, Y; Kaneda, K; Kashii, S; Kikuchi, M; Mandai, M; Tamura, Y, 1996)	0.29
" When neurons were cultured together with astrocytes or microglia, the cell walls of both organisms became toxic to neurons."	( Neurotoxicity of glia activated by gram-positive bacterial products depends on nitric oxide production. Kim, YS; Täuber, MG, 1996)	0.29
" Glutamate is also a potent neurotoxin responsible for toxic neuronal death of post synaptic neurons."	( [Role of glutamate and excitotoxicity in neurologic diseases]. Dumas, M; Hugon, J; Vallat, JM, 1996)	0.29
" However, it is unclear whether the kainate receptor itself mediates any of the toxic responses."	( Cytotoxic effects of kainate ligands on HEK cell lines expressing recombinant kainate receptors. Carver, JM; Cortes-Burgos, L; Giordano, T; Howe, JR; Mansson, PE; Shu, J; Zhou, LM, 1996)	0.29
" Cysteine was also toxic but higher concentrations were required."	( Neurotoxicity of cysteine: interaction with glutamate. Eriksson, P; Lehmann, A; Nilsson, M; Puka-Sundvall, M; Sandberg, M, 1995)	0.29
" In these experiments, a 24-h pretreatment with 15 and 50 nM 17 beta-estradiol significantly reduced cellular lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) release from primary cortical neurons, indicating that neurons treated with 17 beta-estradiol were protected from a toxic glutamate exposure."	( Estrogen protects primary cortical neurons from glutamate toxicity. Dorsa, DM; Rogers, KL; Singer, CA; Strickland, TM, 1996)	0.29
" In the present paper, the authors comment on an important role of glutamatergic systems in the behavioral and toxic effects of MA."	( The role of glutamate in behavioral and neurotoxic effects of methamphetamine. Abekawa, T; Koyama, T; Ohmori, T, 1996)	0.29
" These results imply that cGMP and NO do not modulate the toxic effects of Glu and are therefore unsuitable as biomarkers of excitotoxicity in these cells."	( Glutamate toxicity in primary cerebellar cultures from mouse brain is unaffected by changes in cGMP levels. Grieve, A; Griffiths, R; Malcolm, CS; Ritchie, L, 1996)	0.29
"Extracellular levels of endogenous glutamate are relatively high in the developing rabbit retina but nonetheless appear to promote cell survival and developmental processes at concentrations considered toxic in the adult."	( N-methyl-D-aspartate-mediated glutamate toxicity in the developing rabbit retina. Haberecht, MF; Lo, GJ; Mitchell, CK; Redburn, DA, 1997)	0.3
" The toxic dose of MA markedly increased extracellular DA, and decreased DOPAC and 5-HIAA in both ST and NA."	( [Experimental study of methamphetamine psychosis--role of glutamate and nitric oxide in methamphetamine-induced dopaminergic and serotonergic neurotoxicity in the rat brain]. Abekawa, T, 1997)	0.3
" The low expression of calcium binding proteins and the low expression of the GluR2 AMPA receptor subunit by vulnerable motor neurone groups may render them unduly susceptible to calcium-mediated toxic events following glutamate receptor activation."	( Glutamate, excitotoxicity and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. Ince, PG; Shaw, PJ, 1997)	0.3
" Putrescine was moderately toxic but only at 500 microM concentration."	( Neurotoxicity of polyamines and pharmacological neuroprotection in cultures of rat cerebellar granule cells. Ciani, E; Contestabile, A; Dall'Olio, R; Gandolfi, O; Sparapani, M, 1997)	0.3
" In particular, the amino acid glutamate has been shown to act as a neurotoxin which exerts its toxic effect on RGCs predominantly through the N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) subtype of glutamate receptor."	( Molecular basis of glutamate toxicity in retinal ganglion cells. Dreyer, EB; Lipton, SA; Sucher, NJ, 1997)	0.3
" This increase was significantly greater in striatum and coincided with the greater vulnerability of this brain region to the toxic effects of METH."	( Substrates of energy metabolism attenuate methamphetamine-induced neurotoxicity in striatum. Douglas, AJ; Lust, WD; Stephans, SE; Whittingham, TS; Yamamoto, BK, 1998)	0.3
" Important evidence suggests that metabolic inhibition exacerbates the toxic effect of glutamate."	( The role of excitotoxicity and metabolic failure in the pathogenesis of neurological disorders. García, O; Massieu, L, 1998)	0.3
" They interfered with subsequent steps in the toxic process."	( Neurotoxicity of ammonia and glutamate: molecular mechanisms and prevention. Felipo, V; Hermenegildo, C; Llansola, M; Miñana, MD; Montoliu, C, )	0.13
" The results suggest that the changes in cellular milieu caused by bcl-2 gene transfection protect PC12 cells from the toxic effects of glutamate in a manner consistent with prevention of protein sulfhydryl oxidation."	( Glutamate-induced cytotoxicity in PC12 pheochromocytoma cells: role of oxidation of phospholipids, glutathione and protein sulfhydryls revealed by bcl-2 transfection. Balachandran, R; Day, BW; Kagan, VE; Quinn, PJ; Schor, NF; Tyurin, VA; Tyurina, YY, 1998)	0.3
" This previously unrecognized toxic action of glutamate constituted a chief excitotoxic mechanism under conditions producing submaximal Ca2+ loading."	( Distinct influx pathways, not calcium load, determine neuronal vulnerability to calcium neurotoxicity. Charlton, MP; Hafner, M; Sattler, R; Tymianski, M, 1998)	0.3
"Chronic activation of NMDA receptors by glutamate is toxic to cultured neurons."	( Neuronal excitotoxicity: the role of mitochondria. Budd, SL; Nicholls, DG, 1998)	0.3
" The present study was designed to determine which of the compounds released at the lesion would be toxic for tanycytes."	( Differential sensitivity of cultured tanycytes and astrocytes to hydrogen peroxide toxicity. Alonso, G; Prieto, M, 1999)	0.3
"Overwhelming evidence suggest that accumulations of extracellular glutamate are toxic to neurons."	( Glial glutamate transport as target for nitric oxide: consequences for neurotoxicity. Sontheimer, H; Ye, ZC, 1998)	0.3
" Although not directly neurotoxic, TGF-beta1 was toxic to cerebellar cells in the presence of astrocytes."	( Dependence of neurones on astrocytes in a coculture system renders neurones sensitive to transforming growth factor beta1-induced glutamate toxicity. Brown, DR, 1999)	0.3
" For cells exposed to the toxic fragment of beta-amyloid, A beta (25-35), toxicity was age, dose and time-dependent."	( Age-related toxicity to lactate, glutamate, and beta-amyloid in cultured adult neurons. Brewer, GJ, )	0.13
" Dentine caries was effectively removed using the Carisolv method without any adverse reactions."	( Clinical evaluation of efficacy and safety of a new method for chemo-mechanical removal of caries. A multi-centre study. Bornstein, R; Ericson, D; Götrick, B; Raber, H; Thorell, J; Zimmerman, M, )	0.13
"Glutamate can be toxic to neurons although it is a neurotransmitter."	( Neurons depend on astrocytes in a coculture system for protection from glutamate toxicity. Brown, DR, 1999)	0.3
" Lowering the IOP may slow down glutamate production, but if nothing is done to block the toxic effects of glutamate as well, visual loss may result despite excellent IOP control."	( An experimental basis for implicating excitotoxicity in glaucomatous optic neuropathy. Dreyer, EB; Gorla, MS; Vorwerk, CK, 1999)	0.3
" Normally, PrP106-126 is not toxic to cultures containing neurones deficient in the cellular isoform of prion protein (PrPc)."	( Prion protein peptide neurotoxicity can be mediated by astrocytes. Brown, DR, 1999)	0.3
" This suggests that GLU may be involved in OHC degeneration under toxic conditions, with NO production possibly playing a role in this process."	( Glutamate toxicity induced degeneration of outer hair cells with a temporal increase of nitric oxide production in the guinea pig cochlea. Konishi, K; Nakagawa, T; Sunami, K; Takayama, M; Yamane, H, 1999)	0.3
" Acute activation of either AMPA or kainate receptors was toxic to oligodendrocytes, an effect that was prevented by CNQX."	( AMPA and kainate receptors each mediate excitotoxicity in oligodendroglial cultures. Matute, C; Sánchez-Gómez, MV, 1999)	0.3
"The monohalomethane methyl iodide (MeI) is toxic to a number of organ systems including the central nervous system."	( Methyl iodide toxicity in rat cerebellar granule cells in vitro: the role of glutathione. Chamberlain, MP; Lock, EA; Reed, CJ; Sturgess, NC, 1999)	0.3
" Taking into account the ability of NO and NO2 to oxidize unsaturated fatty acids and the ability of SA to bind them after their hydrolytic removal, we suggested that the SA-induced potentiation of Glu neurotoxicity resulted from exacerbation of the toxic effects of NO and other trace radicals on the neuronal membranes."	( The mechanism of potentiation of the glutamate-induced neurotoxicity by serum albumin. A possible role of nitric oxide. Khodorov, BI; Pinelis, VG; Reutov, VP; Sorokina, EG; Vergun, OV; Vinskaya, NP, 2000)	0.31
" These observations indicate that the astrocyte population is a potential target for Al toxic action that could mediate the pathogenesis of this metal."	( Effects of aluminum exposure on glutamate metabolism: a possible explanation for its toxicity. Guillard, O; Struys-Ponsar, C; van den Bosch de Aguilar, P, 2000)	0.31
" In particular, murine amacrine neurons have been known to show marked susceptibility to the toxic effects of kainate."	( Involvement of NMDA-receptor in kainate-induced neurotoxicity in cultured fetal retinal neurons. Akaike, A; Honda, Y; Kashii, S; Sasa, M; Tamura, Y; Ujihara, H; Yasuyoshi, H; Zhang, S, 2000)	0.31
"5-1 mM was toxic to embryonic hippocampal neurons."	( Protective effect of the energy precursor creatine against toxicity of glutamate and beta-amyloid in rat hippocampal neurons. Brewer, GJ; Wallimann, TW, 2000)	0.31
" The toxic effect of gamma-vinyl-GABA was mimicked by a 24-h treatment with GABA (100 microM) and the GABA(A) receptor agonist, muscimol (10 microM), but not the GABA(B) receptor agonist, baclofen (10 microM)."	( GABA(A)-mediated toxicity of hippocampal neurons in vitro. Lukasiuk, K; Pitkänen, A, 2000)	0.31
" The purpose of this study was to assess the function of nerve ending particles after acute lead exposure and to investigate whether it exerts a toxic effect on astroglial functions."	( The protective role of astroglia in the early period of experimental lead toxicity in the rat. Struzyńska, L, 2000)	0.31
" These early stage effects of Cd(2+) on the biochemistry of renal tissue may reflect adaptation mechanisms to the toxic insult or the preliminary stages of the toxicological cascade."	( The initial pathogenesis of cadmium induced renal toxicity. Griffin, JL; Nicholson, JK; Osborn, D; Shore, RF; Troke, J; Walker, LA, 2000)	0.31
" Although all three enzymes initially degraded glutamate rapidly, only GPT was able to reduce toxic (500 microM) levels of glutamate into the physiologic (<20 microM) range."	( Enzymatic degradation protects neurons from glutamate excitotoxicity. Fishman, PS; Matthews, CC; Wollack, JB; Zielke, HR, 2000)	0.31
"Aminochrome was found to be toxic in a mouse-derived neuronal cell line (CNh)."	( Studies of aminochrome toxicity in a mouse derived neuronal cell line: is this toxicity mediated via glutamate transmission? Armero, JM; Arriagada, C; Caviedes, P; Caviedes, R; Dagnino-Subiabre, A; Segura-Aguilar, J, 2000)	0.31
" In consequence of these acute processes delayed cell death in the MBN and persistent loss of cholinergic fibre projections to the neocortex appear as early as 3 days following the Abeta-induced toxic insult."	( beta-amyloid neurotoxicity is mediated by a glutamate-triggered excitotoxic cascade in rat nucleus basalis. Abrahám, I; Harkany, T; Kónya, C; Korf, J; Laskay, G; Luiten, PG; Nyakas, C; Penke, B; Sasvári, M; Sebens, JB; Soós, K; Timmerman, W; Tóth, B; Zarándi, M, 2000)	0.31
" NO also had toxic effects on RGC."	( Müller cell protection of rat retinal ganglion cells from glutamate and nitric oxide neurotoxicity. Barnstable, CJ; Kawasaki, A; Otori, Y, 2000)	0.31
" The subtypes of depression associated with the hippocampal atrophy typically involve significant hypersecretion of glucocorticoids, and the steroid has a variety of adverse effects in the hippocampus, including causing overt neuron loss."	( The possibility of neurotoxicity in the hippocampus in major depression: a primer on neuron death. Sapolsky, RM, 2000)	0.31
" This was likely because of the fact that glutamate, now toxic at much lower concentrations, was able to reach and activate dendritic receptors under these conditions."	( NMDA and glutamate evoke excitotoxicity at distinct cellular locations in rat cortical neurons in vitro. Aizenman, E; Blitzblau, RC; Du, S; Leszkiewicz, DN; Rosenberg, PA; Sinor, JD; Venneti, S, 2000)	0.31
" Neurons were exposed to four subtoxic, ultra-low concentrations of glutamate (10(-18) M, 10(-20)M, 10(-22) M and 10(-30) M) for 72 h and then subsequently challenged with toxic concentrations (25 microM) of glutamate."	( Neuroprotection from glutamate toxicity with ultra-low dose glutamate. Jonas, W; Lin, Y; Tortella, F, 2001)	0.31
"The developing cortical neurons have been well documented to be extremely vulnerable to the toxic effect of methylmercury (MeHg)."	( Involvement of enhanced sensitivity of N-methyl-D-aspartate receptors in vulnerability of developing cortical neurons to methylmercury neurotoxicity. Arimura, K; Eto, K; Fukuyama, N; Miyamoto, K; Moriguchi, S; Murao, K; Nakanishi, H; Osame, M; Wakamiya, J, 2001)	0.31
" Catalase or vitamin E showed no protective effect against betaA25-35 Dithiothreitol (DTT), N-acetylcysteine (NAC) and cyclosporine A significantly prevented the toxic effects of both betaA25-35 and peroxide, while inhibition of peroxide detoxifying enzymes enhanced toxicity."	( beta-Amyloid-induced cytotoxicity, peroxide generation and blockade of glutamate uptake in cultured astrocytes. Brera, B; de Ceballos, ML; Fernández-Tomé, MP, 2001)	0.31
" Since blockers were not themselves toxic and did not affect astrocytic uptake of glutamate, it is likely that blocked gap junctions lead to the increased glutamate cytotoxicity."	( Blocked gap junctional coupling increases glutamate-induced neurotoxicity in neuron-astrocyte co-cultures. Naus, CC; Ozog, MA; Siushansian, R, 2002)	0.31
" The toxic effect of kainate may be associated with calcium influx, because toxicity was reduced by polyamines that suppress calcium influx and by an inhibitor of calcium phosphatase."	( A non-excitatory paradigm of glutamate toxicity. Shen, W; Slaughter, MM, 2002)	0.31
"CSF from patients with motor neurone disease (MND) has been reported to be toxic to cultured primary neurones."	( Minocycline prevents neurotoxicity induced by cerebrospinal fluid from patients with motor neurone disease. Andersen, PM; Goldsteins, G; Koistinaho, J; Marklund, SL; Oja, SS; Tikka, TM; Vartiainen, NE, 2002)	0.31
" These results suggest that UCB is toxic to both astrocytes and neurons, although through distinct pathways."	( Rat cultured neuronal and glial cells respond differently to toxicity of unconjugated bilirubin. Brites, D; Rodrigues, CM; Silva, RF, 2002)	0.31
" In contrast, (2S,3s,4R)-2-(carboxycyclopropyl)glycine (L-CCG-III) exerted a novel neuroprotection against this toxicity, and elevations in extracellular Glu were not toxic in the presence of this compound."	( Evaluation of drugs acting at glutamate transporters in organotypic hippocampal cultures: new evidence on substrates and blockers in excitotoxicity. Apricó, K; Beart, PM; Crawford, D; Danbolt, NC; Dehnes, Y; Fodera, MV; O'Shea, RD, 2002)	0.31
" Concentrations of AA above 10 microM were toxic to RGCs."	( Protective effect of arachidonic acid on glutamate neurotoxicity in rat retinal ganglion cells. Barnstable, CJ; Han, MH; Hirata, K; Kawasaki, A; Otori, Y; Wei, JY, 2002)	0.31
" After exposure of RGCs to toxic glutamate concentrations in three variants of B cell-deficient C57BL/6J mice, namely muMT(-/-) (B cell knockout mice) and Ii(-/-) mice reconstituted with transgenically expressed low levels of Ii p31 isoforms (p31 mice) or Ii p41 isoforms (p41 mice), significantly more RGCs survived in these mice than in the wild type."	( Severe immunodeficiency has opposite effects on neuronal survival in glutamate-susceptible and -resistant mice: adverse effect of B cells. Lantner, F; Schori, H; Schwartz, M; Shachar, I, 2002)	0.31
" It might suggest that, because of individual differences, the pharmacological use of NMDA-antagonist for neuroprotective purposes might have an adverse effect, even if the affinity is low."	( Immune-related mechanisms participating in resistance and susceptibility to glutamate toxicity. Kimchi, A; Raveh, T; Schori, H; Schwartz, M; Wheeler, LA; Yoles, E, 2002)	0.31
" CSF from ALS patients is toxic to neurons in culture, apparently via a mechanism involving AMPA receptor activation."	( Update on the glutamatergic neurotransmitter system and the role of excitotoxicity in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. Heath, PR; Shaw, PJ, 2002)	0.31
" These data suggest that 22R-hydroxycholesterol binds to Abeta and the formed 22R-hydroxycholesterol/Abeta complex is not toxic to rodent and human neurons."	( 22R-Hydroxycholesterol protects neuronal cells from beta-amyloid-induced cytotoxicity by binding to beta-amyloid peptide. Brown, RC; Greeson, J; Papadopoulos, V; Teper, G; Yao, ZX, 2002)	0.31
"It is well known that selenium is highly toxic to several species of mammals."	( Investigations into the potential neurotoxicity induced by diselenides in mice and rats. Curte, E; Meotti, FC; Nogueira, CW; Pilissão, C; Rocha, JB; Zeni, G, 2003)	0.32
" We assessed whether UCB could be toxic to neurons and astrocytes at clinically relevant BF values (	( Reassessment of the unbound concentrations of unconjugated bilirubin in relation to neurotoxicity in vitro. Ostrow, JD; Pascolo, L; Tiribelli, C, 2003)	0.32
" These results point to the possible development of a therapeutic vaccination with self-antigens, or with antigens cross-reactive with self-antigens, as a way to augment autoimmunity without inducing an autoimmune disease, thus providing a safe method of limiting degeneration."	( Protective autoimmunity against the enemy within: fighting glutamate toxicity. Fisher, J; Mizrahi, T; Schori, H; Schwartz, M; Shaked, I, 2003)	0.32
"As a nonessential element, aluminum is likely to be toxic both at low usual dietary levels in the long run (chronic toxicity) and at high therapeutic levels in shorter periods of time (acute toxicity)."	( Aluminum speciation studies in biological fluids. Part 9. A quantitative investigation of aluminum(III)-glutamate complex equilibria and their potential implications for aluminum metabolism and toxicity. Berthon, G; Brumas, V; Champmartin, D; Daydé, S; Rubini, P, 2003)	0.32
" These findings suggest that gp120 is toxic to neurons even in the absence of the virus and that the toxic mechanism involves primarily activation of CXCR4 receptor."	( The chemokine receptor CXCR4 and not the N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor mediates gp120 neurotoxicity in cerebellar granule cells. Bachis, A; Mocchetti, I, 2004)	0.32
"To determine, using electrophysiological measures of visual system function, whether oral daily dosing of memantine is both safe and effective to reduce the injury associated with experimental glaucoma in primates."	( Efficacy and safety of memantine treatment for reduction of changes associated with experimental glaucoma in monkey, I: Functional measures. Chun, T; Hare, WA; Lai, RK; Ruiz, G; Ton, H; Wheeler, L; WoldeMussie, E, 2004)	0.32
"Systemic treatment with memantine, a compound which does not lower intraocular pressure, was both safe and effective for reduction of functional loss associated with experimental glaucoma."	( Efficacy and safety of memantine treatment for reduction of changes associated with experimental glaucoma in monkey, I: Functional measures. Chun, T; Hare, WA; Lai, RK; Ruiz, G; Ton, H; Wheeler, L; WoldeMussie, E, 2004)	0.32
" Agonists of the glycine recognition site of NMDA receptors (D-serine and D-alanine) did not have any toxic effect in hippocampal cultures, whereas competitive blockade of the glycine site by 7-chlorokynurenic acid was neuroprotective."	( Glycine-induced neurotoxicity in organotypic hippocampal slice cultures. Barth, A; Barth, L; Newell, DW; Nguyen, LB, 2005)	0.33
" Zinc released into the synaptic cleft may serve as an inhibitory neuromodulator of glutamate release in the hippocampus, while neuromodulation by other trace metals such as manganese and copper might mean both functional and toxic aspects in the synapse."	( [Function and toxicity of trace metals in the central nervous system]. Takeda, A, 2004)	0.32
"Extracellular glutamate is kept below a toxic level by glial and neuronal glutamate transporters."	( Gliotoxicity in hippocampal cultures is induced by transportable, but not by nontransportable, glutamate uptake inhibitors. Cohen-Solal, C; de Jesus Ferreira, MC; Guiramand, J; Martin, A; Récasens, M; Vignes, M, 2005)	0.33
" Simultaneously, decreased expression of GLT-1 mRNA and protein was observed, indicating that of the two glial transporters, GLT-1 is more susceptible to the toxic Pb effect."	( The role of astroglia in Pb-exposed adult rat brain with respect to glutamate toxicity. Chalimoniuk, M; Struzyńska, L; Sulkowski, G, 2005)	0.33
" We investigated the effects of these cytokines on neuronal death caused by exposure of mouse organotypic hippocampal slice cultures to toxic concentrations of AMPA."	( Modulator effects of interleukin-1beta and tumor necrosis factor-alpha on AMPA-induced excitotoxicity in mouse organotypic hippocampal slice cultures. Bernardino, L; Jakobsen, B; Malva, JO; Oliveira, CR; Poulsen, FR; Silva, AP; Vezzani, A; Xapelli, S; Zimmer, J, 2005)	0.33
" To examine the cellular processes that mediate neurotoxicity in vivo, the authors valuated the ability of neurons to maintain intracellular calcium homeostasis in the presence of toxic cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) (CSF(tox)) collected from a subset of HIV-infected individuals."	( Cerebrospinal fluid from human immunodeficiency virus--infected individuals facilitates neurotoxicity by suppressing intracellular calcium recovery. Boles, JC; Hall, CD; Meeker, RB; Robertson, KR, 2005)	0.33
"The hippocampus is extremely sensitive to microenvironmental signals and toxic events, including massive glutamate release."	( Role of c-Fos protein on glutamate toxicity in primary neural hippocampal cells. Antonelli, T; Calzà, L; Fernandez, M; Ferraro, L; Giardino, L; Pirondi, S, 2005)	0.33
"Survival of cultured rat hippocampal neurons was estimated 4, 24, and 48 h after 15-min exposure to the toxic effect of glutamate under conditions of pre- or coincubation with 10 nM thrombin."	( Proteinase-activated type 1 receptors are involved in the mechanism of protection of rat hippocampal neurons from glutamate toxicity. Gorbacheva, LR; Kiseleva, EV; Pinelis, VG; Storozhevykh, TP; Strukova, SM, 2005)	0.33
"Liquid intravitreous injection of sulfur hexafluoride gas and perfluorocarbon are potentially toxic to rabbit retina, compared to control and balanced salt solution groups."	( [Sulfur hexafluoride gas, perfluorocarbon liquid, air and balanced salt solution retinal toxicity in rabbit eyes]. Aihara, T; Coutinho Neto, J; Souza, EV; Souza, NV, )	0.13
" Although the use of single food additives at their regulated concentrations is believed to be relatively safe in terms of neuronal development, their combined effects remain unclear."	( Synergistic interactions between commonly used food additives in a developmental neurotoxicity test. Howard, CV; Lau, K; McLean, WG; Williams, DP, 2006)	0.33
" Increase in age decreased the SOD and MAO enzyme activities; Abeta (25-35) addition further had damaging/toxic effects on the enzymes, whereas NKB alone and in combination with amyloid lowered the toxic effects caused by Abeta (25-35) addition, which was concentration (peptide) and age dependent."	( Neuroprotective role of neurokinin B (NKB) on beta-amyloid (25-35) induced toxicity in aging rat brain synaptosomes: involvement in oxidative stress and excitotoxicity. Baquer, NZ; Cowsik, SM; Mantha, AK; Moorthy, K, 2006)	0.33
" As a microbial TG is included in many food technological processes, its safe use should be checked."	( Transglutaminases: a meeting point for wheat allergy, celiac disease, and food safety. Malandain, H, 2005)	0.33
" Thus, memantine does not stop or reverse AD, but its moderating effect in protecting the brain from the toxic levels of calcium, allows normal signaling among brain neurons."	( [Glutamate-related excitotoxicity neuroprotection with memantine, an uncompetitive antagonist of NMDA-glutamate receptor, in Alzheimer's disease and vascular dementia]. Alfaro, V; Tanović, A, )	0.13
" Although pharmacological blockade of glutamate receptors is a promising therapeutic candidate for neurodegenerative diseases, the associated perturbation of physiological glutamate signals has severe adverse side effects."	( Tumor necrosis factor-alpha induces neurotoxicity via glutamate release from hemichannels of activated microglia in an autocrine manner. Jin, S; Kawanokuchi, J; Kuno, R; Mizuno, T; Sonobe, Y; Suzumura, A; Takeuchi, H; Wang, J; Zhang, G, 2006)	0.33
" The possible toxic factor(s) and the exact mode of action (e."	( Protective effect of metabotropic glutamate receptor inhibition on amyotrophic lateral sclerosis-cerebrospinal fluid toxicity in vitro. Anneser, JM; Borasio, GD; Chahli, C, 2006)	0.33
" These results indicate that antagonists of NMDA-type glutamate receptors are protective during the toxic outcome associated with mitochondrial dysfunction."	( 3-Nitropropionic acid toxicity in hippocampus: protection through N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor antagonism. Bahr, BA; Baude, AS; Brown, QB; Karanian, DA; Parsons, CG, 2006)	0.33
" Prolonged exposure to 10 microM 3Me-H TRH was not toxic to the cells, whereas neurons exposed to 500 microM Glu resulted in maximal cell death."	( An analog of thyrotropin-releasing hormone (TRH) is neuroprotective against glutamate-induced toxicity in fetal rat hippocampal neurons in vitro. Jackson, J; Kubek, MJ; Lahiri, DK; Veronesi, MC; Yard, M, 2007)	0.34
" Our results show that both native and recombinant galectin-1 protects mouse and rat cerebellar neurons from the toxic effects of glutamate."	( Mouse galectin-1 inhibits the toxicity of glutamate by modifying NR1 NMDA receptor expression. Brazier, MW; Brown, DR; Hesketh, S; Lekishvili, T, 2006)	0.33
"A growing body of experimental evidence suggests that anaesthetics, by influencing GABAergic and glutaminergic neural signalling, can have adverse effects on the developing central nervous system."	( Potentially toxic effects of anaesthetics on the developing central nervous system. Gascon, E; Kiss, JZ; Klauser, P; Vutskits, L, 2007)	0.34
" ATP synthase inhibition by oligomycin was also toxic in the presence of glutamate."	( Spare respiratory capacity rather than oxidative stress regulates glutamate excitotoxicity after partial respiratory inhibition of mitochondrial complex I with rotenone. Nicholls, DG; Yadava, N, 2007)	0.34
"05-1mM, 24h) was highly toxic for mature CGNs while young CGNs were insensitive to the toxic effect of Glu."	( Paraquat potentiates glutamate toxicity in immature cultures of cerebellar granule neurons. Isaev, NK; Stelmashook, EV; Zorov, DB, 2007)	0.34
" The toxic effects of HDAC inhibitors are also apparent in cortical neurons in vitro, despite the ability of these agents to induce significant protection in the cells they do not kill."	( Pulse inhibition of histone deacetylases induces complete resistance to oxidative death in cortical neurons without toxicity and reveals a role for cytoplasmic p21(waf1/cip1) in cell cycle-independent neuroprotection. Ayoub, I; Bastan, B; Beal, MF; Cho, S; D'Annibale, MA; Fisher, M; Ko, B; Langley, B; Ratan, RR; Suh, K; Tolhurst, A; Yang, L, 2008)	0.35
"5-iodo-3-(2(S)-azetidinylmethoxy)pyridine (5-iodo-A-85380, 5IA) has very high affinity and selectivity to nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (nAChR) alpha 4 beta 2 subtype, and a relative safe profile."	( 5-Iodo-A-85380, a specific ligand for alpha 4 beta 2 nicotinic acetylcholine receptors, prevents glutamate neurotoxicity in rat cortical cultured neurons. Iida, Y; Kawashima, H; Kitamura, Y; Magata, Y; Ogawa, M; Saji, H; Ueda, M, 2008)	0.35
"Striking parallels exist between the neurochemical and toxic effects of stress and methamphetamine."	( Chronic stress enhances methamphetamine-induced extracellular glutamate and excitotoxicity in the rat striatum. Tata, DA; Yamamoto, BK, 2008)	0.35
" We have explored the mechanisms underlying the collapse of mitochondrial potential (Deltapsi(m)) and loss of [Ca(2+)](c) homeostasis in rat hippocampal neurons in culture following toxic glutamate exposure."	( Mechanisms underlying the loss of mitochondrial membrane potential in glutamate excitotoxicity. Abramov, AY; Duchen, MR, )	0.13
"01 to 5 mM was toxic to these cultures."	( The phytoestrogenic isoflavones from Trifolium pratense L. (Red clover) protects human cortical neurons from glutamate toxicity. Circosta, C; De Pasquale, R; Occhiuto, F; Palumbo, DR; Pino, A; Samperi, S; Zangla, G, 2008)	0.35
" High concentrations of APC (>50 nM) induced the death of hippocampal neurons similarly to the toxic action of glutamate."	( Activated protein C via PAR1 receptor regulates survival of neurons under conditions of glutamate excitotoxicity. Davydova, ON; Gorbacheva, LR; Ishiwata, S; Pinelis, VG; Storozhevykh, TP; Strukova, SM, 2008)	0.35
" The enhancement was highly synergistic because MeHg and L-Glu alone had little toxic effect in the conditions used."	( L-glutamate enhances methylmercury toxicity by synergistically increasing oxidative stress. Amonpatumrat, S; Kanai, Y; Khunweeraphong, N; Nagamori, S; Piyachaturawat, P; Sakurai, H; Tanaka, H; Wiriyasermkul, P, 2008)	0.35
" We next examined the response of 48 h pretreated cultures to a toxic level of glutamate."	( Estradiol and lithium chloride specifically alter NMDA receptor subunit NR1 mRNA and excitotoxicity in primary cultures. Valdés, JJ; Weeks, OI, 2009)	0.35
" Acute human toxicity related to adverse neuronal function is usually a result of over-excitation or depression of the nervous system."	( GABAA receptor and cell membrane potential as functional endpoints in cultured neurons to evaluate chemicals for human acute toxicity. Babot, Z; Forsby, A; Galofré, M; García, DA; Iraola, S; Rodríguez-Farré, E; Suñol, C, )	0.13
"Hyperbilirubinemia is a common condition in neonatal life, where elevated levels of unconjugated bilirubin (UCB) may lead to adverse neurologic outcomes, namely in the presence of inflammatory features."	( Contribution of inflammatory processes to nerve cell toxicity by bilirubin and efficacy of potential therapeutic agents. Brites, D; Fernandes, A, 2009)	0.35
"We report the establishment of an in vivo model using the fruit fly Drosophila melanogaster to investigate the toxic effects of L-BMAA."	( BMAA neurotoxicity in Drosophila. Bradley, WG; Escala, W; Papapetropoulos, S; Zhai, RG; Zhou, X, 2009)	0.35
" While peripheral loading of 30 mg/kg dose of KYN had no protective effects on L-Glu induced neurotoxicity, 300 mg/kg dose prevented the above toxic effects following intracortical L-Glu."	( In vivo neuroprotective effects of peripheral kynurenine on acute neurotoxicity induced by glutamate in rat cerebral cortex. Babu, GN; Kumar, A, 2010)	0.36
"Workers employed on mining, processing and storage of monazite are at risk of exposure to dust with expected adverse health effects."	( Toxicity of monazite particulates and its attenuation with a complex of bio-protectors. Beresneva, OY; Bukhantsev, VA; Degtyareva, TD; Dovzenko, EI; Katsnelson, BA; Kireyeva, EP; Kostykova, SV; Kulikov, ES; Makeyev, OH; Minihaliyeva, IA; Minin, VV; Nazukin, AS; Privalova, LI; Sutunkova, MP; Valamina, IE; Yeremenko, OS, )	0.13
"To study the adverse health effects of monazite particles in experiments on rats and to test the possibility of attenuating these effects."	( Toxicity of monazite particulates and its attenuation with a complex of bio-protectors. Beresneva, OY; Bukhantsev, VA; Degtyareva, TD; Dovzenko, EI; Katsnelson, BA; Kireyeva, EP; Kostykova, SV; Kulikov, ES; Makeyev, OH; Minihaliyeva, IA; Minin, VV; Nazukin, AS; Privalova, LI; Sutunkova, MP; Valamina, IE; Yeremenko, OS, )	0.13
"It may be assumed that the many-sided adverse effects of MC on the organism is due, at least partially, to the presence in its composition of not only rare earth elements but also of natural radioisotopes of the thorium and uranium families."	( Toxicity of monazite particulates and its attenuation with a complex of bio-protectors. Beresneva, OY; Bukhantsev, VA; Degtyareva, TD; Dovzenko, EI; Katsnelson, BA; Kireyeva, EP; Kostykova, SV; Kulikov, ES; Makeyev, OH; Minihaliyeva, IA; Minin, VV; Nazukin, AS; Privalova, LI; Sutunkova, MP; Valamina, IE; Yeremenko, OS, )	0.13
"2 cells; this cell line is resistant to excitotoxicity under conditions that are toxic to other immortalized cell lines."	( Suprachiasmatic nucleus neurons display endogenous resistance to excitotoxicity. Bottum, K; Haley, B; Karmarkar, S; Poon, E; Tischkau, SA, 2010)	0.36
" Neurotoxicity is a principal side effect of its use."	( A trial to assess the efficacy of glutamic acid in prevention of vincristine-induced neurotoxicity in pediatric malignancies: a pilot study. Elbarbary, NS; Fayed, WA; Mokhtar, GM; Shaaban, SY, 2010)	0.36
" Based on the results of this study, and conservatively assuming the body weight observations at the MTD to be indicative of an adverse effect, the dietary no-observed-adverse-effect level (NOAEL) of R,R-monatin salt for 90 days was 20,000 ppm in female rats (approximately 1544 mg/kg bw/day) and 35,000 ppm in male rats (approximately 2368 mg/kg bw/day)."	( A 90-day oral (dietary) toxicity study of the 2R,4R-isomer of monatin salt in Sprague-Dawley rats. Brathwaite, WA; Eapen, AK; Hlywka, J; Nikiforov, AI; Rihner, MO, 2011)	0.37
"The ultrastructural changes of cerebellar granule cells were studied under stroke modeling conditions, after the toxic effects of glutamate (Glu) and NO-generating compound."	( [Fusion of frog cerebellar granule cells induced by toxic effects of glutamate and NO-generating compound]. Larionova, NP; Reutov, VP; Samosudova, NV, 2011)	0.37
"Glutamate is the main excitatory neurotransmitter in the retina, but it is toxic when present in excessive amounts."	( Effect of Angeli's salt on the glutamate/glutamine cycle activity and on glutamate excitotoxicity in the hamster retina. Chianelli, MS; Dorfman, D; Knott, ME; Sáenz, DA, 2012)	0.38
"In this study, we investigated genetic mechanisms of neurotransmitters in regulating the formation of adverse effects on locomotion behavior in Al2O3 nanoparticles (NPs)-exposed Caenorhabditis elegans."	( Transmissions of serotonin, dopamine, and glutamate are required for the formation of neurotoxicity from Al2O3-NPs in nematode Caenorhabditis elegans. Li, Y; Tang, M; Wang, D; Wu, Q; Yu, S, 2013)	0.39
" Despite the importance of plaques to Alzheimer's disease, oligomers are considered to be the principal toxic forms of amyloid-β."	( Prion-like behaviour and tau-dependent cytotoxicity of pyroglutamylated amyloid-β. Alexandru, A; Bloom, GS; Cynis, H; Demuth, HU; Glabe, CG; Graubner, S; Hatami, A; Hutter-Paier, B; Jagla, W; Nussbaum, JM; Reymann, K; Rönicke, R; Schilling, S; Silva, A; Swanson, E; Tayler, K; Wangsanut, T; Wiltgen, B, 2012)	0.38
" Receptor-mediated cytoprotection following exposure to glutamate at a toxic level (25 μm) was determined by assessing cell viability, apoptosis, and intracellular free Ca(2+) levels."	( Overexpression of melatonin membrane receptors increases calcium-binding proteins and protects VSC4.1 motoneurons from glutamate toxicity through multiple mechanisms. Banik, NL; Das, A; Ray, SK; Reiter, RJ; Varma, AK; Wallace, G, 2013)	0.39
" Although astrocytes are believed to play physiological roles in regulating neuronal activity and synaptic transmission, activated astrocytes may also be toxic to neurons."	( The neurotoxic effect of astrocytes activated with toll-like receptor ligands. Doi, Y; Jin, S; Li, E; Ma, D; Mizuno, T; Noda, M; Parajuli, B; Sonobe, Y; Suzumura, A, 2013)	0.39
" These results indicate that dietary supplementation with up to 4 % MSG is safe and improves growth performance in postweaning pigs."	( Dietary supplementation with monosodium glutamate is safe and improves growth performance in postweaning pigs. Dahanayaka, S; Eide, SJ; Ficken, MD; Fielder, SE; Knabe, DA; Lovering, SL; Rezaei, R; Tekwe, CD; Wu, G, 2013)	0.39
" MIP-2γ overexpression in astrocytes enhanced the neuronal toxicity of glutamate by decreasing GLT-1 activity, but MIP-2γ itself was not toxic to neurons."	( The chemokine, macrophage inflammatory protein-2γ, reduces the expression of glutamate transporter-1 on astrocytes and increases neuronal sensitivity to glutamate excitotoxicity. Fang, J; Han, D; Hong, J; Tan, Q; Tian, Y, 2012)	0.38
" Despite its essentiality, at excessive levels Mn is toxic to the central nervous system (CNS)."	( Manganese toxicity in the central nervous system: the glutamine/glutamate-γ-aminobutyric acid cycle. Aschner, M; Sidoryk-Wegrzynowicz, M, 2013)	0.39
" The neurotoxicity of PFOS has received much concern among its various toxic effects when given during developing period of brain."	( Neurotoxicity of perfluorooctane sulfonate to hippocampal cells in adult mice. Gu, A; Hu, F; Ji, G; Long, Y; Wang, Y; Yan, L, 2013)	0.39
" In this study, sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS) was used as a toxic anionic surfactant, and glutamic acid-based cationic bicatanar surfactant (GS) was used as less toxic cationic amino acid-based surfactant."	( Genotoxicity potentials of anionic and cationic amino acid-based surfactants. Cosgun, S; Kekeç, G, 2015)	0.42
" The possible toxic action of striatal GLU (retrograde excitotoxicity) on these cells, and on other neurons which innervate the striatum and which also degenerate in Parkinson's disease (thalamostriatal cells of the intralaminar thalamic nuclei), is still practically unexplored."	( Striatal glutamate induces retrograde excitotoxicity and neuronal degeneration of intralaminar thalamic nuclei: their potential relevance for Parkinson's disease. Morales, I; Rodriguez, M; Sabate, M, 2013)	0.39
" Daily oral administration of glutamate (150-180 mg), glycine (12 mg) and methionine (50mg) in combination rendered all of the formaldehyde's toxic effects reduced."	( Attenuation of subchronic formaldehyde inhalation toxicity with oral administration of glutamate, glycine and methionine. Beresneva, OY; Degtyareva, TD; Katsnelson, BA; Minigaliyeva, IA; Privalova, LI; Ryzhov, VV; Slyshkina, TV, 2013)	0.39
" Since AD is generally known to be toxic to glutamatergic circuits, we exposed glutamatergic neurons derived from hESCs to an oligomeric pre-fibrillar forms of Aβ known as "globulomers", which have shown strong correlation with the level of cognitive deficits in AD."	( Efficient derivation of cortical glutamatergic neurons from human pluripotent stem cells: a model system to study neurotoxicity in Alzheimer's disease. Ataeijannati, Y; Ball, KA; Head-Gordon, T; Lu, H; Park, H; Poo, MM; Schaffer, DV; Vazin, T, 2014)	0.4
" These data indicate a toxic RNA gain-of-function mechanism as a cause of C9ORF72 ALS and provide candidate antisense therapeutics and candidate human pharmacodynamic markers for therapy."	( RNA toxicity from the ALS/FTD C9ORF72 expansion is mitigated by antisense intervention. Bennett, CF; Blackshaw, S; Daley, EL; Donnelly, CJ; Fines, DM; Haeusler, AR; Heusler, AR; Hoover, B; Maragakis, N; Mistry, NA; Petrucelli, L; Pham, JT; Poth, EM; Rigo, F; Rothstein, JD; Sattler, R; Tienari, PJ; Traynor, BJ; Vidensky, S; Wang, J; Zhang, PW, 2013)	0.39
"Lung toxicity mediated by multiwalled carbon nanotubes (MWCNT) has been widely demonstrated and recently associated with induction of carcinogenic asbestos-like effects, but the chemical features that drive this toxic effect have still not been well elucidated."	( The role of iron impurities in the toxic effects exerted by short multiwalled carbon nanotubes (MWCNT) in murine alveolar macrophages. Aldieri, E; Attanasio, A; Cesano, F; Fenoglio, I; Fubini, B; Gazzano, E; Ghigo, D; Gulino, G; Mazzucco, G; Scarano, D, 2013)	0.39
"Plants detoxify toxic metals through a GSH-dependent pathway."	( A γ-glutamyl cyclotransferase protects Arabidopsis plants from heavy metal toxicity by recycling glutamate to maintain glutathione homeostasis. Chhikara, S; Coomey, J; Dhankher, OP; Jung, HI; Paulose, B; Vatamaniuk, O, 2013)	0.39
" Toxic symptoms were observed in mice treated with 40 or 80 mg/kg β-cypermethrin."	( β-cypermethrin-induced acute neurotoxicity in the cerebral cortex of mice. An, L; Cao, D; Chen, N; Liu, L; Yang, J; Zhao, Y; Zhu, C, 2015)	0.42
" The results of MTT assay and LDH released demonstrated that the actions of EtOH and its metabolite are concentration and structure-dependent, in which ALD was more toxic than EtOH."	( Effects of ethanol and acetaldehyde in zebrafish brain structures: an in vitro approach on glutamate uptake and on toxicity-related parameters. de Oliveira, DL; Mussulini, BH; Rico, EP; Rosemberg, DB; Zenki, KC, 2014)	0.4
" Taken together, potent MDR-modulating activity along with intracellular conversion into the natural flavonoid quercetin warrants development of the quercetin-amino acid conjugates as safe MDR modulators."	( Water-soluble and cleavable quercetin-amino acid conjugates as safe modulators for P-glycoprotein-based multidrug resistance. Chong, Y; Choo, H; Kim, MK, 2014)	0.4
" More importantly, these findings suggest that blood glutamate grabbers are a safe treatment modality that can be given in cases of suspected ischemic stroke without previous neuroimaging."	( Blood glutamate grabbing does not reduce the hematoma in an intracerebral hemorrhage model but it is a safe excitotoxic treatment modality. Argibay, B; Campos, F; Castillo, J; da Silva-Candal, A; Gutiérrez-Fernández, M; Mirelman, D; Rey, RI; Rodríguez-Frutos, B; Sobrino, T; Vieites-Prado, A, 2015)	0.42
"The exposure to Aβ₄₂ induced toxic effects on cultured cortical neurons and astrocytes from non-Tg mice, but not in those from 3xTg-AD mice."	( Differential Effects of Palmitoylethanolamide against Amyloid-β Induced Toxicity in Cortical Neuronal and Astrocytic Primary Cultures from Wild-Type and 3xTg-AD Mice. Antonelli, T; Beggiato, S; Borelli, AC; Cassano, T; Ferraro, L; Tanganelli, S; Tomasini, MC, 2015)	0.42
"Excitotoxicity (the toxic overstimulation of neurons by the excitatory transmitter Glutamate) is a central process in widespread neurodegenerative conditions such as brain ischemia and chronic neurological diseases."	( Death Associated Protein Kinase (DAPK) -mediated neurodegenerative mechanisms in nematode excitotoxicity. Ahmed, T; Amjad, U; An, J; Asemota, D; Del Rosario, JS; Feldmann, KG; Ko, B; Mahmud, T; Mano, I; Mei, S; Salama, M, 2015)	0.42
" Potential adverse effects of air pollutants to the central nervous system (CNS) have raised concerns, but whether PM2."	( Macrophages treated with particulate matter PM2.5 induce selective neurotoxicity through glutaminase-mediated glutamate generation. Chen, Q; Ding, W; Huang, Y; Liu, F; Rui, W; Wu, B; Zhang, F; Zheng, JC, 2015)	0.42
" The aim of the present study was to reveal the influence of calcium dyshomeostasis on the expression of calcium memory‑associated proteins and the ability of raloxifene to neutralize the adverse effects of glutamate on cultured neurons by regulation of calcium oscillations."	( Raloxifene neutralizes the adverse effects of glutamate on cultured neurons by regulation of calcium oscillations. Feng, M; Han, L; Hu, Q; Li, X; Luo, H; Yang, Z; Zhang, J; Zhang, Q; Zhang, T; Zhou, X; Zhu, L, 2015)	0.42
" The elevations of p-Akt and p-mTOR were abrogated under toxic conditions after blockade of TrkB by TrkB IgG."	( Huperzine A Alleviates Oxidative Glutamate Toxicity in Hippocampal HT22 Cells via Activating BDNF/TrkB-Dependent PI3K/Akt/mTOR Signaling Pathway. Li, X; Liu, ZQ; Mao, XY; Zhou, HH, 2016)	0.43
" While several studies have attempted to evaluate the toxicity of QDs towards neural cells, the in vivo toxic effects on the nervous system and the molecular mechanisms are unclear."	( MPA-capped CdTe quantum dots exposure causes neurotoxic effects in nematode Caenorhabditis elegans by affecting the transporters and receptors of glutamate, serotonin and dopamine at the genetic level, or by increasing ROS, or both. Ang, S; He, K; Tang, M; Wu, T; Xue, Y; Ying, J; Zhan, Q; Zhang, S; Zhang, T, 2015)	0.42
"In multiple sclerosis (MS), a candidate downstream mechanism for neuronal injury is glutamate (Glu)-induced excitotoxicity, leading to toxic increases in intraneuronal Ca(2+) ."	( In vivo and in vitro effects of multiple sclerosis immunomodulatory therapeutics on glutamatergic excitotoxicity. Birkenstock, J; Ellwardt, E; Gollan, R; Luchtman, D; Robohm, K; Siffrin, V; Zipp, F, 2016)	0.43
" There were no adverse effects on survival, incidence of palpable masses, neoplasms, organ weights, or ophthalmic examinations."	( A combined dietary chronic toxicity and two-year carcinogenicity study of (2R,4R)-monatin salt in Sprague-Dawley rats. Brathwaite, WA; Crincoli, CM; Eapen, AK; Nikiforov, AI; Remick, AK; Rihner, MO, 2016)	0.43
" DAPT attenuated the toxic effect of EW or glutamate on HT22 cells."	( The Role of Presenilin-1 in the Excitotoxicity of Ethanol Withdrawal. Das, HK; Jung, ME; Metzger, DB, 2016)	0.43
" It produces serious adverse effects, but its pharmacological profile is not well recognized."	( Neurotoxic Effects of 5-MeO-DIPT: A Psychoactive Tryptamine Derivative in Rats. Gołembiowska, K; Kamińska, K; Kreiner, G; Noworyta-Sokołowska, K; Rogóż, Z, 2016)	0.43
"A reagentless glutamate biosensor was applied to the determination of glutamate released from liver hepatocellular carcinoma cells (HepG2) in response to toxic challenge from various concentrations of paracetamol."	( A novel reagentless glutamate microband biosensor for real-time cell toxicity monitoring. Fielden, PR; Hart, JP; Hughes, G; Pemberton, RM, 2016)	0.43
" Beyond the well established direct toxic effects on neurons, additional sites of glutamate-induced cell damage have been described, including effects in oligodendrocytes, astrocytes, endothelial cells, and immune cells."	( Mechanisms of glutamate toxicity in multiple sclerosis: biomarker and therapeutic opportunities. Docagne, F; Lipton, SA; Macrez, R; Stys, PK; Vivien, D, 2016)	0.43
" However, no agreement exists on overarching mechanism for the harmful effects of excess TNF, nor, indeed how extracellular cerebral glutamate reaches toxic levels in these conditions."	( Excess cerebral TNF causing glutamate excitotoxicity rationalizes treatment of neurodegenerative diseases and neurogenic pain by anti-TNF agents. Clark, IA; Vissel, B, 2016)	0.43
"The protective role of glycine and glutamic acid against the toxic effects of oxidized oil was studied for the first time."	( Protective effects of dietary glycine and glutamic acid toward the toxic effects of oxidized mustard oil in rabbits. Rahman, SU; Zeb, A, 2017)	0.46
" Neither ceftriaxone nor TBOA alone had adverse effects."	( Ceftriaxone-mediated upregulation of the glutamate transporter GLT-1 contrasts neurotoxicity evoked by kainate in rat organotypic spinal cord cultures. Bajrektarevic, D; Nistri, A, 2017)	0.46
" MeHg was more toxic than HgCl2."	( Glutamate‑mediated effects of caffeine and interferon‑γ on mercury-induced toxicity. Engin, AB; Engin, ED; Golokhvast, K; Spandidos, DA; Tsatsakis, AM, 2017)	0.46
" The R12W8a peptide was highly toxic when administered intravenously at 300 or 100 nmol/kg and ineffective at reducing infarct volume when administered at 30 nmol/kg 30 min after MCAO, unlike R18 (30 nmol/kg), which significantly reduced infarct volume by 20."	( Assessment of the Neuroprotective Effects of Arginine-Rich Protamine Peptides, Poly-Arginine Peptides (R12-Cyclic, R22) and Arginine-Tryptophan-Containing Peptides Following In Vitro Excitotoxicity and/or Permanent Middle Cerebral Artery Occlusion in Rats Anderton, RS; Blacker, DJ; Clark, VW; Cross, JL; Edwards, AB; Knuckey, NW; Meloni, BP; Milani, D, 2017)	0.46
" Our discovery of canagliflozin-mediated simultaneous inhibition of GDH and ETC complex I in renal cells at clinically relevant concentrations, and their particular susceptibility to necrotic cell death during proliferation, provides a mechanistic rationale for the adverse effects observed especially in patients with preexisting chronic kidney disease or previous kidney injury characterized by sustained regenerative tubular epithelial cell proliferation."	( Canagliflozin mediated dual inhibition of mitochondrial glutamate dehydrogenase and complex I: an off-target adverse effect. Beneke, S; Delp, J; Dietrich, DR; Gutbier, S; Leist, M; Schlichenmaier, N; Secker, PF, 2018)	0.48
"Streptozotocin (STZ) is a glucosamine-nitrosourea compound that is particularly toxic to the insulin-producing beta-cells of the pancreas in mammals; it is used for experimental simulation of sporadic Alzheimer's disease by means of intracerebroventricular administration in vivo."	( Streptozotocin toxicity in vitro depends on maturity of neurons. Genrikhs, EE; Isaev, NK; Kapkaeva, MR; Stelmashook, EV; Voronkov, DN, 2018)	0.48
"Exposure to organophosphorus toxicants (OP) can have chronic adverse effects that are not explained by inhibition of acetylcholinesterase, the cause of acute OP toxicity."	( Chlorpyrifos oxon promotes tubulin aggregation via isopeptide cross-linking between diethoxyphospho-Lys and Glu or Asp: Implications for neurotoxicity. Lockridge, O; Schopfer, LM, 2018)	0.48
" Treatment with all the concentrations of LP44 significantly protected the cells from the toxic effects of glutamate after 24, 48 and 72 h."	( Protective effect of 5-HT7 receptor activation against glutamate-induced neurotoxicity in human neuroblastoma SH-SY5Y cells via antioxidative and antiapoptotic pathways. Cadirci, E; Halici, Z; Kose, D; Polat, B; Yayla, M; Yuksel, TN, )	0.13
" It is well known that some NPAAs are toxic through their ability to mimic protein amino acids, either in protein synthesis or in other metabolic pathways, and this property is utilised by some plants to inhibit the growth of other plants or kill herbivores."	( Cytotoxicity and mitochondrial dysfunction caused by the dietary supplement l-norvaline. Rodgers, KJ; Samardzic, K, 2019)	0.51
"Although the use of nanoparticles for neuro-diagnostic and neurotherapeutic purposes provides superior benefits than the conventional approaches, it may be potentially toxic in central nervous system."	( Nanoparticles and neurotoxicity: Dual response of glutamatergic receptors. Engin, A; Engin, AB, 2019)	0.51
"Cadmium (Cd), a naturally occurring heavy metal, is toxic to animals and plants."	( Glutamate alleviates cadmium toxicity in rice via suppressing cadmium uptake and translocation. Huang, J; Jiang, J; Jiang, M; Li, M; Li, S; Shu, Q; Song, S; Tan, Y, 2020)	0.56
"We report that C9-mutated astrocytes are toxic to MNs via soluble factors."	( Human iPSC-derived astrocytes from ALS patients with mutated C9ORF72 show increased oxidative stress and neurotoxicity. Behar, O; Belzer, V; Ben-Dor, I; Birger, A; Casden, N; Feldman, E; Galun, E; Gil, Y; Izrael, M; Ottolenghi, M; Perez, L; Reubinoff, B; Steiner, D; Sweetat, S; Turetsky, T, 2019)	0.51
" To determine which structural motifs might be less toxic than others, we assessed five variants of α-gliadin immunodominant CD-toxic peptides synthesised as 16mers in CD T cell stimulation assays with gluten-sensitive T cell lines generated from duodenal biopsies from CD-affected individuals."	( Natural variants of α-gliadin peptides within wheat proteins with reduced toxicity in coeliac disease. Ciclitira, PJ; Côrte-Real, B; Japelj, N; Messing, J; Suligoj, T; Zhang, W, 2020)	0.56
"Methylenedioxymethamphetamine (MDMA) and methcathinone (MCAT) are abused psychostimulant drugs that produce adverse effects in human users that include hepatotoxicity and death."	( High ambient temperature increases the toxicity and lethality of 3,4-methylenedioxymethamphetamine and methcathinone. Chen, Y; Hall, FS; Saber, YH; Tran, HTN, 2020)	0.56
" Under the same conditions, even a very high dose of MCAT produced limited toxic or lethal effects."	( High ambient temperature increases the toxicity and lethality of 3,4-methylenedioxymethamphetamine and methcathinone. Chen, Y; Hall, FS; Saber, YH; Tran, HTN, 2020)	0.56
" Although an initial mouse study reported that several cathinones were much less toxic than METH or MDMA, the present results suggest that it will be essential to assess the potential dangers posed by these drugs under high ambient temperatures."	( High ambient temperature increases the toxicity and lethality of 3,4-methylenedioxymethamphetamine and methcathinone. Chen, Y; Hall, FS; Saber, YH; Tran, HTN, 2020)	0.56
" Scientific literature as well as reports from GWI veterans indicate that the toxic exposures during deployment may be responsible for the symptoms."	( Neurotoxicity in Gulf War Illness and the potential role of glutamate. Holton, KF; Joyce, MR, 2020)	0.56
" PFAAs cross the blood-brain-barrier and have been observed to induce adverse neurobehavioural effects in humans and animals as well as adverse effects in neuronal in vitro studies."	( Perfluoroalkyl acids potentiate glutamate excitotoxicity in rat cerebellar granule neurons. Berntsen, HF; Bjørklund, CG; Haug, TM; Moldes-Anaya, A; Paulsen, RE; Ragazzi, L; Ropstad, E; Strandabø, RAU; Tasker, RA; Verhaegen, S, 2020)	0.56
" elegans did not cause significant toxic reaction in the rats after long-term exposure."	( A comprehensive toxicity evaluation in rats after long-term oral Gelsemium elegans exposure. Huang, CY; Huang, SJ; Liu, ZY; Wang, N; Wang, ZY; Wu, Y; Yu, H; Zhao, XJ; Zuo, MT, 2021)	0.62
" No cure for AD and PD is currently available and the currently approved drugs available to treat these diseases have limited effectiveness and pose adverse effects."	( Potential of Medicinal Plants as Neuroprotective and Therapeutic Properties Against Amyloid-β-Related Toxicity, and Glutamate-Induced Excitotoxicity in Human Neural Cells. Ibrahim, FM; Imran, M; Jugreet, S; Keenoo, BS; Lobine, D; Mahomoodally, MF; Sadeer, N; Suroowan, S; Venugopala, KN; Zengin, G, 2021)	0.62
"Microplastics are ubiquitous in all environments and exert toxic effects in various organisms."	( Chronic exposure to UV-aged microplastics induces neurotoxicity by affecting dopamine, glutamate, and serotonin neurotransmission in Caenorhabditis elegans. Chang, Z; Chen, H; Ding, P; Dong, C; Hua, X; Jin, L; Li, H; Wang, C; Xiang, M; Yang, Y; Yu, Y, 2021)	0.62
"Glutamate should be considered as a safe nutrient before being considered as an additive by risk assessor."	( Glutamate: A Safe Nutrient, Not Just a Simple Additive. Cynober, L; Loï, C, 2022)	0.72
" Attenuating excitotoxicity by, for example, targeting glutamate receptors has proved to be beneficial in animal models but has largely failed in clinical trials because of toxic side effects."	( New Perspectives for Developing Therapeutic Bioconjugates of Metabolite-Depleting Enzymes: Lessons Learned Combating Glutamate Excitotoxicity. Campos, F; Candamo-Lourido, M; Dopico-López, A; Gauthier, MA; Pérez-Mato, M; Zaghmi, A, 2022)	0.72
" Preliminary results suggested that dermal injection of cross-linked PGA particles appeared safe and effective, suggesting that cross-linked PGA particles could be developed as a new hydrogel dermal filler."	( Preparation, function, and safety evaluation of a novel degradable dermal filler, the cross-linked poly-γ-glutamic acid hydrogel particles. Chen, L; Chen, M; Hu, J; Ling, P; Liu, F; Niu, L; Yuan, D; Zhang, D; Zhang, X; Zhang, Y, 2023)	0.91
"Exposure to toxic substances during postnatal period is one of the major factors causing retinal developmental defects."	( Postnatal exposure to trimethyltin chloride induces retinal developmental neurotoxicity in mice via glutamate and its transporter related changes. Bang, J; Kim, CY; Kim, J; Park, JH; Ryu, B, 2023)	0.91
" The aim of our present study was to investigate how ʟ-Glu protects lentil seedlings from oxidative stress produced by toxic Cu and allows them to survive under Cu toxicity."	( ʟ-glutamic acid modulates antioxidant defense systems and nutrient homeostasis in lentil (Lens culinaris Medik.) under copper toxicity. Fardus, J; Fujita, M; Hossain, S; Rob, MM, 2023)	0.91
" Since glutamate excitotoxicity is one of the most relevant ALS features, we focused on the specific contribution of ALS astrocytes in this aspect, highlighting the known or potential molecular mechanisms by which astrocytes participate in increasing the extracellular glutamate level in ALS and, conversely, undergo the toxic effect of the excessive glutamate."	( The Key Role of Astrocytes in Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis and Their Commitment to Glutamate Excitotoxicity. Bonanno, G; Bonifacino, T; Milanese, M; Provenzano, F; Torazza, C, 2023)	0.91

Excerpt	Reference	Relevance
" The age-associated differences in some pharmacokinetic parameters of potassium glutamate were disclosed: an increase in the half-life, a decrease in the overall clearance and a reduction in the elimination coefficient, an increase in the extent of distribution and area of the pharmacokinetic curve in old animals."	( [Age-related characteristics of potassium glutamate pharmacokinetics]. Kuprash, LP; Oranskaia, SA; Zaika, MU; Zapadniuk, VI, )	0.13
" The preclinical development included pharmacokinetic and toxicological investigations in mice, rats, and dogs."	( Pharmacokinetics of the neuroprotective glutamate antagonist NBQX (6-nitro-7-sulfamoyl-benzo(f)quinoxaline-2,3-dione) in mice, rats, and dogs. Interactions with probenecid. Dalgaard, L; Hjortkjaer, RK; Nordholm, L; Regnier, B, )	0.13
" Metabonomic and pharmacokinetic data revealed that rats treated with the varied diets had distinctly different metabolic patterns and showed differential C(max) values, AUC and drug metabolism after oral administration of triptolide."	( Prediction of the pharmacokinetic parameters of triptolide in rats based on endogenous molecules in pre-dose baseline serum. Aa, J; Cao, B; Gu, R; Hao, G; Li, M; Liu, L; Shi, J; Sun, R; Wang, G; Wang, X; Wu, L; Xiao, W; Yu, X; Zhao, C; Zheng, T; Zhou, J; Zhu, X, 2012)	0.38
" Pharmacokinetic synergism promotes the accumulation of lithium in brain tissues during cerebrolysin treatment."	( [Pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic synergism between neuropeptides and lithium in the neurotrophic and neuroprotective action of cerebrolysin]. Alexandrova, OP; Demidov, VI; Genrikhs, EE; Gogoleva, IV; Gromova, OA; Isaev, NK; Khaspekov, GL; Pronin, AV; Stelmashuk, EV; Torshin, IY; Volkov, AY, 2015)	0.42
" For macromolecule conjugate nanomedicine, its pharmacology mechanism is closely related to the pharmacokinetic profiles in vivo."	( A UHPLC-MS/MS method coupled with simple and efficient alkaline hydrolysis for free and total determination of conjugate nanomedicine: Pharmacokinetic and biodistribution study of poly (l-glutamic acid)-graft-methoxy poly (ethylene glycol)/combretastatin Chen, L; Feng, B; Liao, Z; Liu, K; Liu, Y; Shan, B; Song, Y; Su, D; Xu, P; Zeng, Q; Zhong, Y, 2019)	0.51
" However, Several questions remain unsolved, including the exact identification of the neural substrate of consciousness and its components, the pharmacodynamic interactions between anaesthetic agents, the mechanisms of cognitive alterations that follow an anaesthetic procedure, the identification of an eventual unitary mechanism of anaesthesia-induced alteration of consciousness, the relationship between network effects and the biochemical targets of anaesthetic agents, leading to difficulties in between-studies comparisons."	( Pharmacodynamic elucidation of glutamate & dopamine in ketamine-induced anaesthesia. Fan, YY; Sun, LH; Wang, X; Zheng, HB, 2020)	0.56
" After five days of maintenance on the target dose, subjects completed overnight inpatient experimental sessions in which the pharmacodynamic effects of alcohol were determined."	( Influence of n-acetylcysteine maintenance on the pharmacodynamic effects of oral ethanol. Hays, LR; Lile, JA; Rayapati, AO; Rush, CR; Stoops, WW; Strickland, JC, 2020)	0.56

Excerpt	Reference	Relevance
" In 28 patients, ethacizine was administered in combination with glutamic acid and in 23 with digoxin."	( [The characteristics of the action of ethacizine and its combination with digoxin and glutamic acid on the hemodynamic indices and myocardial contractile capacity in patients with a heart rhythm disorder]. Nikolaeva, SA; Poliakova, LA; Zapevina, VV, 1990)	0.28
"To assess the roles of substance P in neurologic or psychiatric illnesses, effects of acute or chronic (40- or 80-day dietary) treatment with trihexyphenidyl and carbamazepine alone or in combination with haloperidol on substance P content were investigated in the rat brain."	( Effects of chronic treatment with trihexyphenidyl and carbamazepine alone or in combination with haloperidol on substance P content in rat brain: a possible implication of substance P in affective disorders. Mataga, N; Mitsushio, H; Takashima, M; Toru, M, 1988)	0.27
" To address this issue in cats, anterograde tracing with Phaseolus vulgaris-leucoagglutinin (PHA-L) was combined with postembedding immunocytochemistry for gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) and glutamate."	( Intra-amygdaloid projections of the lateral nucleus in the cat: PHA-L anterograde labeling combined with postembedding GABA and glutamate immunocytochemistry. Paré, D; Smith, Y, 1994)	0.29
"To verify the possibility that the pedunculopontine nucleus is a source of glutamatergic terminals in contact with midbrain dopaminergic neurons in the squirrel monkey, we used the anterograde transport of Phaseolus vulgaris-leucoagglutinin in combination with preembedding immunohistochemistry for tyrosine hydroxylase and for calbindin D-28k and postembedding immunocytochemistry for glutamate and for gamma-aminobutyric acid."	( Glutamatergic inputs from the pedunculopontine nucleus to midbrain dopaminergic neurons in primates: Phaseolus vulgaris-leucoagglutinin anterograde labeling combined with postembedding glutamate and GABA immunohistochemistry. Charara, A; Parent, A; Smith, Y, 1996)	0.29
" Glu was assayed by capillary electrophoresis with laser-induced fluorescence detection combined with a continuous flow derivatization of dialysates."	( Microdialysis monitoring of extracellular glutamate combined with the simultaneous recording of evoked field potentials in hippocampal organotypic slice cultures. Bert, L; Parisi, L; Renaud, B; Robert, F; Stoppini, L, 1997)	0.3
"Thermo-dependent changes in the secondary structure of the epithelium and stroma of benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) were investigated by Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR) microspectroscopy combined with differential scanning calorimetry (DSC)."	( In vitro simulation of thermotherapy for benign prostatic hyperplasia by Fourier transform infrared microspectroscopy combined with differential scanning calorimetry. Hsu, HS; Liang, RC; Lin, AT; Lin, SY, 1997)	0.3
" The glutamate concentration was analyzed continuously by an enzyme-linked fluorometric assay combined with microdialysis."	( High potassium-induced glutamate release in the cochlea: in vivo microdialysis study combined with on-line enzyme fluorometric detection of glutamate. Haruta, A; Komune, S; Matsuda, K; Tono, T; Ueda, Y, 1998)	0.3
" In the putative penumbra, glutamate synthesis was improved compared with the ischemic core, the difference appeared to be brought on by better neuronal de novo glutamate synthesis, combined with normal levels of glutamate formed from astrocytic glutamine."	( In vivo injection of [1-13C]glucose and [1,2-13C]acetate combined with ex vivo 13C nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy: a novel approach to the study of middle cerebral artery occlusion in the rat. Håberg, A; Haraldseth, O; Qu, H; Sonnewald, U; Unsgård, G, 1998)	0.3
" For the continuous recording of glutamate, the microdialysis technique combined with an enzyme-linked fluorometric assay was used."	( A role of glutamate in drug-induced ototoxicity: in vivo microdialysis study combined with on-line enzyme fluorometric detection of glutamate in the guinea pig cochlea. Haruta, A; Kato, E; Komune, S; Matsuda, K; Tono, T; Yamasaki, M, 2000)	0.31
" The protective effect of dantrolene potentialized in combination with nimodipine at all doses tested."	( The effects of dantrolene alone or in combination with nimodipine in glutamate-induced neurotoxicity in cerebellar granular cell cultures of rat pups. DüzenlI, S; GepdIremen, A; Hacimüftüoğlu, A; Oztaş, S; Süleyman, H, 2001)	0.31
" However, it is not known how oxidative stress affects NA release in the brain alone or in combination with energy deprivation."	( Non-synaptic release of [3H]noradrenaline in response to oxidative stress combined with mitochondrial dysfunction in rat hippocampal slices. Adám-Vizi, V; Baranyi, M; Milusheva, E; Shikova, L; Sperlágh, B; Tretter, L; Vizi, ES, 2003)	0.32
"A time-resolved imaging method for visualizing L-glutamate release in mammalian brain slices is proposed by using an enzyme membrane combined with a difference-image analysis."	( Imaging of L-glutamate fluxes in mouse brain slices based on an enzyme-based membrane combined with a difference-image analysis. Akashi, M; Hirano, A; Moridera, N; Saito, M; Sugawara, M, 2003)	0.32
" To suppress these lipid signals, short inversion time (TI) inversion recovery (STIR) was combined with STEAM (STIR-STEAM)."	( In vivo localized 1H MR spectroscopy of rat testes: stimulated echo acquisition mode (STEAM) combined with short TI inversion recovery (STIR) improves the detection of metabolite signals. Minami, M; Mitsumori, F; Takaya, N; Watanabe, H; Yamaguchi, M, 2006)	0.33
" Here, using intracellular recording in vitro, we investigated the effects of topiramate on glutamatergic neurotransmission in the rat mPFC, both when given alone and in combination with raclopride or clozapine."	( Differential effects of topiramate on prefrontal glutamatergic transmission when combined with raclopride or clozapine. Jardemark, KE; Konradsson, A; Marcus, MM; Schilström, B; Svensson, TH, 2009)	0.35
" Here we studied the combinatorial effects of MeHg in combination with PCB or BFR on the reuptake of glutamate in synaptosomes."	( Effects of methyl mercury in combination with polychlorinated biphenyls and brominated flame retardants on the uptake of glutamate in rat brain synaptosomes: a mathematical approach for the study of mixtures. Fonnum, F; Mariussen, E; Stavenes Andersen, I; Voie, OA, 2009)	0.35
"A new method for high-sensitive determination of glutamate was developed and evaluated based on CE by using dual-enzyme co-immobilized capillary microreactor combined with substrate recycling."	( Dual-enzyme, co-immobilized capillary microreactor combined with substrate recycling for high-sensitive glutamate determination based on CE. Chen, C; Guo, L; Shi, J; Wang, S; Xie, W; Yang, L; Zhu, L, 2009)	0.35
" VU0364770 showed efficacy alone or when administered in combination with L-DOPA or an adenosine 2A (A2A) receptor antagonist currently in clinical development (preladenant)."	( The metabotropic glutamate receptor 4-positive allosteric modulator VU0364770 produces efficacy alone and in combination with L-DOPA or an adenosine 2A antagonist in preclinical rodent models of Parkinson's disease. Amalric, M; Blobaum, AL; Bode, J; Bridges, TM; Bubser, M; Conn, PJ; Daniels, JS; Dickerson, JW; Engers, DW; Hopkins, CR; Italiano, K; Jadhav, S; Jones, CK; Lindsley, CW; Morrison, RD; Niswender, CM; Thompson, AD; Turle-Lorenzo, N, 2012)	0.38
" Combined with electrophysiology, it is widely used to study activity-related calcium signals in small subcellular compartments such as dendrites and dendritic spines."	( Multi-photon intracellular sodium imaging combined with UV-mediated focal uncaging of glutamate in CA1 pyramidal neurons. Kafitz, KW; Kleinhans, C; Rose, CR, 2014)	0.4
"This report compares the effects on medial forebrain bundle self-stimulation of injecting into either the sublenticular central extended amygdala (SLEAc) or nucleus accumbens shell (NAcS) the D1 dopamine receptor blocker SCH23390 or the D2 dopamine receptor agonist quinpirole alone or in combination with the AMPA glutamate receptor blocker NBQX."	( Comparison of the effects on brain stimulation reward of D1 blockade or D2 stimulation combined with AMPA blockade in the extended amygdala and nucleus accumbens. Kuehn, L; Schmid, E; Stoehr, M; Waraczynski, M; Zwifelhofer, W, 2015)	0.42
" In this study, we tested the hypothesis that HIV gp120 combined with antiretroviral therapy reduces spinal GABAergic inhibitory tone and that restoration of GABAergic inhibitory tone will reduce HIV-related NP in a rat model."	( Gene Transfer of Glutamic Acid Decarboxylase 67 by Herpes Simplex Virus Vectors Suppresses Neuropathic Pain Induced by Human Immunodeficiency Virus gp120 Combined with ddC in Rats. Candiotti, KA; Hao, S; Huang, W; Kanao, M; Kanda, H; Levitt, RC; Liu, S; Lubarsky, DA; Yi, H, 2015)	0.42
" We found that inhibition of the adenosine A2A receptor (A2AR) after brain injury alleviated the TBI-ALI; however, it is unknown whether lowering blood glutamate levels in combination with inhibiting the A2AR would lead to better effects."	( Reduction in Blood Glutamate Levels Combined With the Genetic Inactivation of A2AR Significantly Alleviate Traumatic Brain Injury-Induced Acute Lung Injury. Bai, W; Chen, X; Jiang, YL; Li, P; Ning, YL; Yang, N; Zhou, YG, 2019)	0.51
" Cultivar 'Pingan 8' showed lower Zn concentrations in the grain than did cultivar 'Yangao 006' after nitrogen (N) combined with Zn application."	( Effects of nitrogen combined with zinc application on glutamate, glutamine, aspartate and asparagine accumulation in two winter wheat cultivars. Gao, W; Liu, H; Nie, Z; Rengel, Z; Wang, J; Zhao, P, 2018)	0.48
" In order to monitor the neural activities in cortex under gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) and glutamate (Glu) modulation, an implantable microelectrode array (MEA) was combined with microinjection capillary."	( Electrophysiological Detection of Cortical Neurons under Gamma-Aminobutyric Acid and Glutamate Modulation Based on Implantable Microelectrode Array Combined with Microinjection. Cai, X; Gao, F; Li, Z; Song, Y; Wang, M; Xiao, G; Xu, S, 2018)	0.48
" This study compared the impact of EE combined with physical activity on neuroplasticity and its functional consequences in adult male and female rats; EE was provided during the first 3 months of life and our analysis focused on the hippocampus, an area implicated in cognitive behavior as well as the neuroendocrine response to stress."	( Neuroplasticity-related correlates of environmental enrichment combined with physical activity differ between the sexes. Almeida, OFX; Besinis, D; Dalla, C; Kokras, N; Sotiropoulos, I; Sousa, N; Tzouveka, EL, 2019)	0.51
" In conclusion, Leu alone or in combination with Glu is benefit for biceps femoris muscle growth in fattening pig."	( Leucine alone or in combination with glutamic acid, but not with arginine, increases biceps femoris muscle and alters muscle AA transport and concentrations in fattening pigs. Deng, J; Duan, Y; Hu, C; Kong, X; Li, F; Tan, C; Wu, G; Yan, Y; Yin, Y, 2019)	0.51
" These findings suggest that decreased body fat weight in finishing pigs can be induced by Glu supplementation alone or in combination with Arg."	( Glutamic acid supplementation reduces body fat weight in finishing pigs when provided solely or in combination with arginine and it is associated with colonic propionate and butyrate concentrations. Duan, Y; Hu, C; Kong, X; Li, F; Yin, Y, 2019)	0.51
" To investigate the effects of Rg1 in combination with mannitol protects neurons against glutamate-induced ER stress via the PERK-eIF2 -ATF4 signaling pathway."	( Rg1 in combination with mannitol protects neurons against glutamate-induced ER stress via the PERK-eIF2 α-ATF4 signaling pathway. Gu, Y; Jiang, C; Ren, K; Wang, L; Yao, Q, 2020)	0.56
" In this study, the appropriate washing conditions for N,N-bis(carboxymethyl)-L-glutamic acid (GLDA) combined with ascorbic acid were determined to remove As, Cd, and Pb in the soil from the smelting site."	( Cleanup of arsenic, cadmium, and lead in the soil from a smelting site using N,N-bis(carboxymethyl)-L-glutamic acid combined with ascorbic acid: A lab-scale experiment. Guo, Z; He, Y; Hu, Y; Li, Z; Peng, C; Wang, X; Xiao, X; Yan, D; Yang, A, 2021)	0.62
" Herein, a murine xenograft model of human aggressive B cell lymphoma (BCL) was established to explore anti-lymphoma efficiency of L-CDDP combined with GEM."	( Cisplatin Loaded Poly(L-glutamic acid)-g-Methoxy Polyethylene Glycol Complex Nanoparticles Combined with Gemcitabine Presents Improved Safety and Lasting Anti-Tumor Efficacy in a Murine Xenograft Model of Human Aggressive B Cell Lymphoma. Bai, O; Guo, W; Liu, Z; Song, W; Tang, Z; Wang, S; Yu, H; Zhang, D, 2021)	0.62
"This study aimed to explore the effects of minimally invasive surgery (MIS) in combination with rosiglitazone (RSG) on intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH) and determine the optimal time window."	( Optimizing the Time Window of Minimally Invasive Stereotactic Surgery for Intracerebral Hemorrhage Evacuation Combined with Rosiglitazone Infusion Therapy in Rabbits. Jiao, Y; Wu, G, 2022)	0.72
"An ICH rabbit model was constructed using the injection of autologous arterial blood and then treated with RSG, MIS, and MIS combined with RSG at 6, 12, 18, and 24 hours."	( Optimizing the Time Window of Minimally Invasive Stereotactic Surgery for Intracerebral Hemorrhage Evacuation Combined with Rosiglitazone Infusion Therapy in Rabbits. Jiao, Y; Wu, G, 2022)	0.72
"05), while they were decreased at each time window after MIS combined with RSG treatment and declined to the lowest at 6 hours."	( Optimizing the Time Window of Minimally Invasive Stereotactic Surgery for Intracerebral Hemorrhage Evacuation Combined with Rosiglitazone Infusion Therapy in Rabbits. Jiao, Y; Wu, G, 2022)	0.72
"Evacuation of MIS hematoma combined with RSG infusion at an early stage (6 hours) may attenuate secondary brain damage caused by ICH by regulating the PPARγ/CD36 pathway."	( Optimizing the Time Window of Minimally Invasive Stereotactic Surgery for Intracerebral Hemorrhage Evacuation Combined with Rosiglitazone Infusion Therapy in Rabbits. Jiao, Y; Wu, G, 2022)	0.72

Excerpt	Reference	Relevance
"The bioavailability of dipyridamole, a poorly soluble weak base, was evaluated in 11 healthy, older subjects (> or = 65 years), 6 with a low fasting gastric pH (control) and 5 with a fasting gastric pH > 5 (achlorhydric), in a randomized, crossover design."	( pH-related changes in the absorption of dipyridamole in the elderly. Barnett, JL; Berardi, RR; Dressman, JB; O'Sullivan, TL; Russell, TL; Wagner, JG, 1994)	0.29
"In healthy volunteers, the bioavailability of ketoconazole is significantly decreased during simultaneous administration with sucralfate."	( In vitro analysis of the interaction between sucralfate and ketoconazole. Carver, PL; Hoeschele, JD; Pecoraro, VL; Roy, AK, 1994)	0.29
" Impairment of glucose bioavailability reduced Rh 123 fluorescence."	( Mitochondrial membrane potential measurement in rat cerebellar neurons by flow cytometry. Camarasa, J; Camins, A; Comas, J; Escubedo, E; Gabriel, C; Sureda, FX, 1997)	0.3
" We have hypothesized that mitochondrial lysine degradation is regulated by bioavailability of 2-oxoglutarate in the same compartment, and our studies in physiologic fluid derived from patients with the above described disorders supports our hypothsis."	( Plasma lysine concentration and availability of 2-ketoglutarate in liver mitochondria. Kamoun, P; Rabier, D; Richard, V; Saudubray, JM, 2002)	0.31
" It allows the simultaneous estimation of the relative bioavailability of several individual AAs."	( A new method to estimate the relative bioavailability of individual amino acids in fish larvae using 13C-NMR spectroscopy. Conceição, LE; Dinis, MT; Grasdalen, H, 2003)	0.32
" In the study reported in this paper, we used cerebral microdialysis to provide a safe and efficient tool for continuous in vivo evaluation of bioavailability and pharmacologic efficacy of topiramate, a glutamate release inhibitor."	( Evaluation of topiramate neuroprotective effect in severe TBI using microdialysis. Alves, OL; Bullock, R; Clausen, T; Doyle, AJ; Gilman, C, 2003)	0.32
" In spite of the moderate effect expected from glutamate on aluminum bioavailability under most aluminum-based therapies investigated, attention is therefore called to the risk of glutamic acid ingestion simultaneously to any aluminum therapeutic form."	( Aluminum speciation studies in biological fluids. Part 9. A quantitative investigation of aluminum(III)-glutamate complex equilibria and their potential implications for aluminum metabolism and toxicity. Berthon, G; Brumas, V; Champmartin, D; Daydé, S; Rubini, P, 2003)	0.32
"The aim of this study was to explore the feasibility of improvement of ocular bioavailability of the antiviral agent acyclovir by designing amino acid prodrugs targeted to the amino acid transporters on the rabbit cornea."	( Amino acid prodrugs of acyclovir as possible antiviral agents against ocular HSV-1 infections: interactions with the neutral and cationic amino acid transporter on the corneal epithelium. Anand, BS; Katragadda, S; Mitra, AK; Nashed, YE, )	0.13
" Although it has to be mentioned that the conclusion which can be drawn is limited, the bioavailability of the compounds could be different as well."	( Glutamate agonists activate the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis through hypothalamic paraventricular nucleus but not through vasopressinerg neurons. Makara, GB; Mergl, Z; Zelena, D, 2005)	0.33
" Together, these data support the idea that the synthesis of estrogen can be rapidly regulated in the brain, thus producing rapid changes in local estrogen bioavailability that could rapidly modify brain function with a time course similar to what has previously been described for neurotransmitters and neuromodulators."	( Rapid control of brain aromatase activity by glutamatergic inputs. Baillien, M; Ball, GF; Balthazart, J, 2006)	0.33
" Metallokinetic study suggested that the bioavailability of VO-gamma-PGA complex was much higher than that of VOSO(4)."	( A novel drug delivery system for type 1 diabetes: insulin-mimetic vanadyl-poly(gamma-glutamic acid) complex. Karmaker, S; Saha, TK; Sakurai, H; Yasui, H; Yoshikawa, Y, 2006)	0.33
" A pharmacokinetic study showed that they have good oral bioavailability in rats."	( Synthesis and pharmacological profile of serofendic acids A and B. Akaike, A; Asai, N; Doko, T; Kajiwara, A; Kimura, T; Kume, T; Niidome, T; Sakurai, H; Sugimoto, H; Taguchi, R; Takenaka, O; Terauchi, T; Yonaga, M, 2007)	0.34
" Enteral Glu supplementation significantly increased the absolute absorption rate and arterial concentration of Glu."	( Extensive gut metabolism limits the intestinal absorption of excessive supplemental dietary glutamate loads in infant pigs. Burrin, DG; Chang, X; Guan, X; Janeczko, MJ; Stoll, B, 2007)	0.34
" Metal bioavailability in soil at the end of the experiment was higher in the trials treated with EDTA than in those treated with tartrate and glutamate, the latter not being significantly different from the control."	( Heavy metal distribution between contaminated soil and Paulownia tomentosa, in a pilot-scale assisted phytoremediation study: influence of different complexing agents. Azzarello, E; Checchini, L; Del Bubba, M; Doumett, S; Lamperi, L; Mancuso, S; Mugnai, S; Petruzzelli, G, 2008)	0.35
" Using a combination of low-power WALTZ decoupling, variants of random noise for nuclear overhauser effect enhancement it was possible to reduce power deposition to 20% of the advised maximum specific absorption rate (SAR)."	( Clinical NOE 13C MRS for neuropsychiatric disorders of the frontal lobe. Allen, PS; Gropman, AL; Harris, KC; Robertson, LW; Ross, BD; Sailasuta, N, 2008)	0.35
" We hypothesized that Oct3 contributes to the dopaminergic damage by bidirectionally regulating the local bioavailability of toxic species."	( The organic cation transporter-3 is a pivotal modulator of neurodegeneration in the nigrostriatal dopaminergic pathway. Aras, R; Ballatori, N; Christian, WV; Cui, M; Hatwar, M; Jackson-Lewis, V; Javitch, JA; Panza, J; Przedborski, S; Rappold, PM; Tieu, K, 2009)	0.35
"In this work we tested viability, proliferation, and vulnerability of neural cells, after continuous radiofrequency (RF) electromagnetic fields exposure (global system for mobile telecommunications (GSM) modulated 900 MHz signal at a specific absorption rate (SAR) of 1 W/kg and maximum duration 144 h) generated by transverse electromagnetic cells."	( Effect of radiofrequency electromagnetic field exposure on in vitro models of neurodegenerative disease. Ardoino, L; Bersani, F; Calzà, L; Del Vecchio, G; Fernandez, M; Giardino, L; Giuliani, A; Lovisolo, GA; Mesirca, P; Pinto, R, 2009)	0.35
" The bioavailability of released GABA at the GABA(A) receptor improved when the release took place from m-OCF3 (2) but decreased for m-CF3 (3) when compared with the parent pHP derivative."	( Competing pathways in the photo-Favorskii rearrangement and release of esters: studies on fluorinated p-hydroxyphenacyl-caged GABA and glutamate phototriggers. Givens, RS; Heger, D; Kandler, K; Noh, J; Stensrud, K; Wirz, J, 2009)	0.35
"Interactions between aqueous amino acids and mineral surfaces influence the bioavailability of amino acids in the environment, the viability of Ti implants in humans, and the role of mineral surfaces in the origin of life on Earth."	( Attachment of L-glutamate to rutile (alpha-TiO(2)): a potentiometric, adsorption, and surface complexation study. Cleaves, HJ; Hazen, RM; Jonsson, CL; Jonsson, CM; Sverjensky, DA, 2009)	0.35
" The results demonstrated that the tricin-alanine-glutamic acid conjugate exhibited enhanced permeability, stability in MDCK cells, and excellent bioavailability after oral administration in Crl:CD (SD) male rats."	( Increased bioavailability of tricin-amino acid derivatives via a prodrug approach. Koketsu, M; Muto, Y; Ninomiya, M; Tanaka, K; Tsuchida, Y; Watanabe, K, 2011)	0.37
"An unusually large data set of 397 piperazinyl-glutamate-pyridines/pyrimidines as potent orally bioavailable P2Y(12) antagonists for inhibition of platelet aggregation was studied for the first time based on the combination of three-dimensional quantitative structure-activity relationship (3D-QSAR), molecular docking, and molecular dynamics (MD) methods."	( Combined 3D-QSAR, molecular docking, and molecular dynamics study on piperazinyl-glutamate-pyridines/pyrimidines as potent P2Y12 antagonists for inhibition of platelet aggregation. Hao, M; Li, G; Li, Y; Wang, Y; Yan, Y; Yang, L; Zhang, S, 2011)	0.37
" In conclusion there are several potential mechanisms for the antidepressant phenotype of P2rx7-/- mice, such as the absence of P2rx7-mediated glutamate release, elevated basal BDNF production, enhanced neurogenesis and increased 5-HT bioavailability in the hippocampus."	( Neurochemical Changes in the Mouse Hippocampus Underlying the Antidepressant Effect of Genetic Deletion of P2X7 Receptors. Baranyi, M; Csölle, C; Gölöncsér, F; Illes, P; Kittel, A; Papp, E; Sperlágh, B; Vizi, ES; Zsilla, G, 2013)	0.39
" Based on these observations we propose that increased CCL5 bioavailability could have a role in determining the abovedescribed impaired presynaptic impairments in both CNS regions."	( CCL5-glutamate interaction in central nervous system: Early and acute presynaptic defects in EAE mice. Casazza, S; Di Prisco, S; Merega, E; Milanese, M; Pistoia, V; Pittaluga, A; Raffaghello, L; Summa, M; Uccelli, A, 2013)	0.39
" Our study highlights the need for further safety assessment of berberine, especially due to its tendency to accumulate in the CNS and the risk of potential neurotoxicity as a consequence of increasing bioavailability of berberine."	( Mitochondria and NMDA receptor-dependent toxicity of berberine sensitizes neurons to glutamate and rotenone injury. Brunello, CA; Huttunen, HJ; Kysenius, K, 2014)	0.4
"The bioavailability of dietary ionised calcium is affected by intestinal basic environment."	( Purification and characterisation of a glutamic acid-containing peptide with calcium-binding capacity from whey protein hydrolysate. Cai, X; Hong, J; Huang, SL; Huang, YF; Rao, PF; Wang, SY; Zhao, LN, 2015)	0.42
" The value of absolute bioavailability is 84%, and the relative bioavailabity is 100%."	( [ABSOLUTE AND RELATIVE BIOAVAILABILITY OF GLUTARON--A NEW DERIVATIVE OF GLUTAMIC ACID]. Kuznetsov, KA; Perfilova, VN; Ryabukha, AF; Smirnova, LA; Suchkov, EA; Tyurenkov, IN, 2015)	0.42
" Inhibition of glutaminase by allosteric GLS inhibitor bis-2-(5-phenylacetamido-1, 2, 4-thiadiazol-2-yl) ethyl sulfide or by novel, potent, orally bioavailable GLS inhibitor CB-839 reduced intracellular glutamate levels and inhibited growth of AML cells."	( Inhibiting glutaminase in acute myeloid leukemia: metabolic dependency of selected AML subtypes. Baran, N; Cai, T; Chan, SM; Davis, RE; DiNardo, C; Flores, ER; Gonzalez, D; Haferlach, T; Jacamo, R; Konoplev, S; Konopleva, M; Li, W; Lodi, A; Ma, H; Majeti, R; Matre, P; Qi, Y; Samudio, I; Schimmer, AD; Su, X; Sweeney, SR; Tiziani, S; Velez, J; Wang, T, 2016)	0.43
" Then, novel binary and multicomponent supramolecular systems of two different solid forms of albendazole (I and II) with maltodextrin alone or with glutamic acid were studied as an alternative to improve the oral bioavailability of albendazole."	( Improving Properties of Albendazole Desmotropes by Supramolecular Systems with Maltodextrin and Glutamic Acid. Araújo, BS; Ayala, A; Bongioanni, A; de Oliveira, YS; Garnero, C; Longhi, MR, 2018)	0.48
" This stimulation induces indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase (IDO), an enzyme that reduces the tryptophan bioavailability to synthesize serotonin."	( Chronic Mild Stress Alters Kynurenine Pathways Changing the Glutamate Neurotransmission in Frontal Cortex of Rats. Caso, JR; García-Bueno, B; Leza, JC; Madrigal, JLM; Martín-Hernández, D; Tendilla-Beltrán, H, 2019)	0.51
"NOR:HPβCD:GA was the best approach for improving the bioavailability of NOR."	( Binary and ternary complexes of norfloxacin to improve the solubility of the active pharmaceutical ingredient. Aloisio, C; Garnero, C; Gracia-Vásquez, S; Longhi, M; Ponce-Ponte, M; Romero-Guerra, DM, 2018)	0.48
" Key Messages: The underlying reason for this highly specific metabolism is that glutamate plays a key role in nitrogen homeostasis, and the organism does all it can to limit the bioavailability of glutamate, which can be neurotoxic in excess."	( Metabolism of Dietary Glutamate in Adults. Cynober, L, 2018)	0.48
" Key findings from pharmacological studies included riluzole dose-dependent effects on glutamate uptake and its modified bioavailability after SCI in both animal and clinical models."	( Efficacy of riluzole in the treatment of spinal cord injury: a systematic review of the literature. Pham, MH; Srinivas, S; Wali, AR, 2019)	0.51
"The ATP-binding cassette transporter P-glycoprotein (P-gp) is known to limit both brain penetration and oral bioavailability of many chemotherapy drugs."	( A High-Throughput Screen of a Library of Therapeutics Identifies Cytotoxic Substrates of P-glycoprotein. Ambudkar, SV; Brimacombe, KR; Chen, L; Gottesman, MM; Guha, R; Hall, MD; Klumpp-Thomas, C; Lee, OW; Lee, TD; Lusvarghi, S; Robey, RW; Shen, M; Tebase, BG, 2019)	0.51
"Chelating agents can increase the bioavailability of heavy metals and enhance their enrichment in plants."	( [Enhanced Phytoextraction of Cadmium Contaminated Soil by He, H; He, YL; Li, PR; Xie, SQ; Yu, J; Zhou, K, 2020)	0.56
" In the central nervous system (CNS), glutamine metabolism is particularly relevant, because the glutamine-glutamate cycle is a way of controlling the production of glutamate-derived neurotransmitters by tightly regulating the bioavailability of the amino acids in a neuron-astrocyte metabolic symbiosis-dependent manner."	( Take Advantage of Glutamine Anaplerosis, the Kernel of the Metabolic Rewiring in Malignant Gliomas. Gonçalves, LG; Martins, F; Pojo, M; Serpa, J, 2020)	0.56
" In conclusion, this study indicates that the bioavailability of OST was improved by using the OST-NE via the nasal route."	( Osthole-Loaded Nanoemulsion Enhances Brain Target in the Treatment of Alzheimer's Disease via Intranasal Administration. Hao, J; Hao, Q; Hou, X; Song, Y; Wang, J; Wang, X, 2021)	0.62
" This study was conducted to determine the effect of a novel chelating agents, L-glutamic acid N,N-diacetic acid (GLDA), a biodegradable alternative to ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid on the nutritional bioavailability of zinc in broilers."	( Effect of L-glutamic acid N,N-diacetic acid on the availability of dietary zinc in broiler chickens. Bikker, P; Boerboom, G; Busink, R; Smits, C; van Harn, J, 2021)	0.62
" These data support the notion that CAPON-PIN dysregulation of NO bioavailability is a major contributor to the pathogenesis of sympathoexcitation in heart failure."	( The heart is lost without the hypothalamus. Pyner, S, 2021)	0.62
" Quercetin's bioavailability may limit its use clinically, however."	( Quercetin's Effects on Glutamate Cytotoxicity. Lenard, NR; Riche, K, 2022)	0.72
" Chelators can improve the bioavailability of heavy metals and increase phytoextraction efficiency."	( Citric Acid and Poly-glutamic Acid Promote the Phytoextraction of Cadmium and Lead in Solanum nigrum L. Grown in Compound Cd-Pb Contaminated Soils. Duan, K; Duan, W; Liu, Y; Lv, C; Quan, L; Shen, Z; Wang, Y; Wei, Z; Xia, Y; Yang, Q; Zhu, Y, 2023)	0.91

Excerpt	Relevance	Reference
" The selective A1 receptor antagonist DPCPX also had no effect on release when administered at a low dosage (0."	( Excitatory transmitter amino acid release from the ischemic rat cerebral cortex: effects of adenosine receptor agonists and antagonists. O'Regan, MH; Perkins, LM; Phillis, JW; Simpson, RE, 1992)	0.28
" The GABAB receptor antagonist 2-hydroxy-saclofen caused a 10 fold rightward shift of the baclofen dose-response curve, whereas the GABAA receptor antagonist bicuculline (10-50 microM) was ineffective."	( Presynaptic GABAB receptor activation attenuates synaptic transmission to rat sympathetic preganglionic neurons in vitro. Dun, NJ; Wu, SY, 1992)	0.28
" There was a dose-response effect seen in muscimol-treated rabbits."	( Protective effect of synaptic inhibition during cerebral ischemia in rats and rabbits. Hedges, B; Lyden, PD, 1992)	0.28
" Increasing the concentration of conantokin-G causes the NMDA dose-response curve to shift to progressively higher concentrations."	( Conantokin-G selectively inhibits N-methyl-D-aspartate-induced currents in Xenopus oocytes injected with mouse brain mRNA. Hammerland, LG; Olivera, BM; Yoshikami, D, 1992)	0.28
" Unilateral injections of L-glutamate (10 pmol to 100 nmol), or bilateral injections of GABA (1 nmol to 125 nmol), were made into the CVLM, and dose-response effects on arterial pressure determined."	( Effect of nucleus tractus solitarius lesions on cardiovascular responses elicited from the caudal ventrolateral medulla. Blessing, WW; Gieroba, ZJ, 1992)	0.28
" Dose-response measurements revealed a rank order of sensitivity to the Glu analogues in the presence of 1 microM glycine and zero extracellular Mg2+; QA greater than AMPA greater than NMDA greater than KA."	( Excitatory amino acid receptors on isolated retinal ganglion cells from the goldfish. Fain, GL; Yazejian, B, 1992)	0.28
" L-Aspartate (L-Asp) produced a similar dose-response relationship."	( Electrogenic uptake contributes a major component of the depolarizing action of L-glutamate in rat hippocampal slices. Blake, JF; Brown, MW; Collingridge, GL; Frenguelli, BG, 1991)	0.28
" This is observed as a shift to the right in the NMDA dose-response curves for both the positive and negative postsynaptic components of the evoked tectal response."	( Chronic application of NMDA decreases the NMDA sensitivity of the evoked tectal potential in the frog. Cline, HT; Constantine-Paton, M; Debski, EA; McDonald, JW, 1991)	0.28
" Injection of oocytes with both the mRNAs produces current responses larger than those induced by the GluR1-specific mRNA and the dose-response relations indicate a positively cooperative interaction between the two subunits."	( Functional expression from cloned cDNAs of glutamate receptor species responsive to kainate and quisqualate. Araki, K; Bujo, H; Kushiya, E; Meguro, H; Mishina, M; Numa, S; Sakimura, K; Warashina, A; Yamazaki, M, 1990)	0.28
" Dose-response curves obtained in oocytes were bell shaped, with a negative slope for high concentrations of QA."	( Reduction of desensitization of a glutamate ionotropic receptor by antagonists. Audinat, E; Crepel, F; Geoffroy, M; Hamon, B; Kado, RT; Lambolez, B; Rossier, J, 1991)	0.28
" Dose-response curves of motoneurons to L-glutamate, NMDA, and kainate demonstrated that motoneurons are sensitive to these agonists prior to the formation of synapses between afferents and motoneurons."	( NMDA receptors mediate poly- and monosynaptic potentials in motoneurons of rat embryos. Ziskind-Conhaim, L, 1990)	0.28
" A dose-response curve suggested that a maximum effect of kynurenic acid is obtained at a concentration that substantially blocks all receptor subtypes of excitatory amino acids."	( Massive increases in extracellular potassium and the indiscriminate release of glutamate following concussive brain injury. Becker, DP; Hovda, DA; Katayama, Y; Tamura, T, 1990)	0.28
" Biologically, sea turtle PRL was active in pigeon crop-sac assay but the dose-response characteristics were nonparallel when compared to ovine PRL."	( Isolation and properties of sea turtle (Chelonia mydas) pituitary prolactin. Chang, YS; Papkoff, H, 1985)	0.27
" The dose-response curve relating Cl- currents to the internal Ca2+ concentration, [Ca]i, was steeper than predicted by a simple binding isotherm reaction."	( Calcium-dependent chloride currents in isolated cells from rat lacrimal glands. Evans, MG; Marty, A, 1986)	0.27
" With increasing ketamine concentration (5 x 10(-5)-10(-3) mol l-1), the amplitude of glutamate potentials was reduced and dose-response curves for ionophoresis of L-glutamate were shifted to the right, particularly after concanavalin A treatment."	( Enhancement of desensitization of quisqualate-type glutamate receptor by the dissociative anaesthetic ketamine. Ashford, ML; Boden, P; Ramsey, RL; Usherwood, PN, 1989)	0.28
" Dose-response experiments at a holding potential of -45 mV showed that 1) maximal peak responses to glutamate were on the average approximately 40% of those to GABA, 2) the dose-peak response curve for glutamate was steeper than that for GABA, and 3) time-to-peak (risetime) and desensitization half-time decreased monotonically with dose for GABA but were relatively insensitive to dose and more variable for glutamate."	( Voltage-clamp characterization of Cl- conductance gated by GABA and L-glutamate in single neurons of Aplysia. Carpenter, DO; King, WM, 1989)	0.28
" Data from dose-response curves show that glutamate enhances the GABAA conductance without significantly changing GABA binding affinity."	( GABAA responses in hippocampal neurons are potentiated by glutamate. Stelzer, A; Wong, RK, 1989)	0.28
" KA-activated currents (I(KA)) differ from QA-activated currents (I(QA)) in their dose-response characteristics, desensitization patterns, selective blockade with kynurenic acid and suppression by elevated [Ca2+]o, I(KA), but not I(QA), is significantly reduced by low levels of [Cl-]o, and the [Cl-]o-dependent shift of the reversal potential for I(KA) suggests that KA promotes a conductance decrease for Cl-."	( Separation of quisqualate- and kainate-selective glutamate receptors in cultured neurons from the rat superior colliculus. Grantyn, R; Perouansky, M, 1989)	0.28
" Hill plots demonstrated that the dose-response relationships of NA-induced depressions were linear and parallel in the 3 groups."	( Age-related alterations in noradrenergic input to the hippocampal formation: structural and functional studies in intraocular transplants. Eriksdotter-Nilsson, M; Gerhardt, G; Granholm, AC; Hoffer, B; Olson, L; Seiger, A, 1989)	0.28
" Threshold responses were observed at 100 microM glutamine, and the dose-response relation did not show inflection or saturation at concentrations of up to 10 mM."	( NMDA receptor activation by residual glutamate in glutamine preparations: a cautionary note regarding weak NMDA receptor agonists. Barish, ME; Sands, SB, 1989)	0.28
" In this preparation, all these antagonists shifted the NMDA dose-response curve to the right in a parallel manner."	( Quantitative studies on some antagonists of N-methyl D-aspartate in slices of rat cerebral cortex. Harrison, NL; Simmonds, MA, 1985)	0.27
" The implications of these results are that, in slices, cellular uptake is responsible for (i) the dose-response curves to L-glutamate, L- and D-aspartate bearing little or no relationship to the true (or relative) potencies of these amino acids; (ii) the potency of APV towards the actions of transported agonists acting at NMDA receptors being reduced and (iii) a differential sensitivity to APV of responses to L-glutamate and L-aspartate being created, the consequence being that a potent action of L-glutamate on NMDA receptors is disguised."	( Cellular uptake disguises action of L-glutamate on N-methyl-D-aspartate receptors. With an appendix: diffusion of transported amino acids into brain slices. Garthwaite, J, 1985)	0.27
" An agonist of the GABAA receptor, muscimol, produces a dose-response curve similar to that of GABA, whereas the agonist of the GABAB receptor, baclofen, did not alter the membrane potential."	( Pharmacological properties of gamma-aminobutyric acid-, glutamate-, and aspartate-induced depolarizations in cultured astrocytes. Kettenmann, H; Schachner, M, 1985)	0.27
" Analysis of iontophoretic dose-response curves indicated that DL-APV was a competitive antagonist."	( Action of excitatory amino acids and their antagonists on hippocampal neurons. Hablitz, JJ, 1985)	0.27
"05) the dose-response curve of 5-HT at the autoreceptors, but was ineffective at the receptors regulating GLU release."	( Differential pharmacology and function of two 5-HT1 receptors modulating transmitter release in rat cerebellum. Bonanno, G; Maura, G; Pittaluga, A; Raiteri, M, 1986)	0.27
" This dose-response curve of L-Glu was shifted to the left in the presence of D-Asp, although the maximal amount of release was unchanged."	( Effects of D-aspartate on excitatory amino acid-induced release of [3H]GABA from goldfish retina. Cha, JH; Dowling, JE; O'Brien, DR, 1986)	0.27
" The dose-response curve was shifted to the lower concentrations of L-glutamate after 9 days of denervation."	( L-glutamate and potassium-induced contractures in denervated cockroach muscles. Tsuru, A; Washio, H; Yamaguchi, T, 1987)	0.27
"Using a microperfusion technique for rapid application of agonists to single identified voltage-clamped neurons of the marine mollusc Aplysia, chloride conductances elicited by gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) and L-glutamate were found to differ in rates of activation and desensitization, voltage dependence and dose-response relations."	( Distinct GABA and glutamate receptors may share a common channel in Aplysia neurons. Carpenter, DO; King, WM, 1987)	0.27
" Protein kinase C activators increased the apparent maximum of the ionophoretic dose-response curve for glutamate-induced depolarization, without affecting the reversal potential and the voltage-dependent decay rate for the excitatory postsynaptic current (EPSC) under voltage-clamp conditions."	( Activation of protein kinase C promotes glutamate-mediated transmission at the neuromuscular junction of the mealworm. Yamamoto, D, 1988)	0.27
" We found that excitatory amino acid agonists evoked somatostatin release in the following order of potency: quisqualate greater than glutamate = N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) greater than kainate, as calculated from the dose-response curves."	( Glutamate stimulates somatostatin release from diencephalic neurons in primary culture. Astier, H; Tapia-Arancibia, L, 1988)	0.27
" On the other hand, although GLU and ASP themselves have minimal neurotoxic action, a relatively higher dosage than that of their analogues is needed to produce epileptic seizures."	( [Epileptic seizure model utilizing additive effects of excitatory amino acids]. Kumashiro, H; Mori, N; Sato, T, 1988)	0.27
" The dose-response relationship of EAA (N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA), kainate, quisqualate and glutamate)-induced activation revealed qualitative and quantitative differences in their pattern of action, suggesting that these agonists act at distinct receptors."	( Behavioral classification of excitatory amino acid receptors in mouse spinal cord. Raigorodsky, G; Urca, G, 1988)	0.27
" Dose-response analysis reveals that the AA-gated cation conductance activated by kainate requires the binding of two agonist molecules."	( Properties of two classes of rat brain acidic amino acid receptors induced by distinct mRNA populations in Xenopus oocytes. Davidson, N; Fong, TM; Lester, HA, 1988)	0.27
" Fifty-three percent (8 of 15 cells) of the dose-response relationships for L-aspartate as compared to those for L-glutamate on Purkinje cells were not parallel, implying different mechanisms of action (suggesting different receptors)."	( Excitatory effect of L-aspartate and L-glutamate on Purkinje cells in rat cerebellum. Frederickson, RC; McBride, WJ; Morzorati, SL, 1981)	0.26
" Almost all the animals which were treated with the preparations containing aspartic acid and glutamic acid at a dosage of more than 40 microliters/g body weight (b."	( Effects of excess amounts of synthetic amino acid preparations on hypothalamus of mice and kittens. Kosugi, A; Nakao, K; Oya, N; Shimada, M; Tanaka, K; Yamamoto, H, 1983)	0.27
" The dose-response curves for inhibition of glutamate responses by trimethaphan suggest that trimethaphan is not a competitive glutamate antagonist."	( Trimethaphan as a glutamate inhibitor at the crayfish neuromuscular junction. Ishida, M; Shinozaki, H, 1983)	0.27
" Aspartame dosing significantly increased both the mean peak plasma phenylalanine concentration and the plasma phenylalanine AUC value in proportion to dose."	( Effect of aspartame loading on plasma and erythrocyte free amino acid concentrations in one-year-old infants. Baker, GL; Filer, LJ; Stegink, LD, 1983)	0.27
" It seems unlikely that La3+ and L-glutamate were competing for a common binding site on the postsynaptic membrane since the apparent maximum of the dose-response curve for glutamate-induced depolarization was reduced in the presence of La3+."	( Effect of lanthanum ions on neuromuscular transmission in insects. Miyamoto, T; Washio, H, 1983)	0.27
" The dose-response curves for the 2,3 and 2,6-piperidine dicarboxylates were similar to that for L-glutamate but were one tenth as potent."	( The pharmacology of the piperidine dicarboxylates on the crustacean neuromuscular junction. Collins, JF; McBain, AE; Wheal, HV, 1984)	0.27
" The gln4-1 mutation is specific for Gln-tRNA synthetase and shows a dosage effect in heterozygous diploids."	( Identification of a glutaminyl-tRNA synthetase mutation Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Ludmerer, SW; Mitchell, AP, 1984)	0.27
" The slopes of the dose-response curves for these kainic acid analogues differed from that of L-glutamate."	( The excitatory actions of kainic acid and some derivatives at the crab neuromuscular junction. King, AE; Wheal, HV, 1984)	0.27
" The cumulative VCR dosage and toxicities incurred in 16 patients receiving glutamic acid have been compared to those observed in 88 patients who previously received VCR without glutamic acid in the same chemotherapy program."	( Improved tolerance of vincristine by glutamic acid. A preliminary report. Black, WR; Caldwell, RD; Case, LD; Cooper, MR; Cruz, JM; Jackson, DV; Muss, HB; Pope, EK; Wells, HB; White, DR, 1984)	0.27
" More than 45% of ventromedial hypothalamic units reacted in a dose-response fashion to local application of morphine."	( Microiontophoretic application of morphine and naloxone to neurons in hypothalamus of rat. Dafny, N; Prieto-Gomez, B; Reyes-Vazquez, C, 1984)	0.27
"1 micrograms/ml) altered the dose-response curves of glutamate (1 microM-10 mM), by reducing by 36% of its maximal effect."	( Biochemical and pharmacological studies on a lethal neurotoxic polypeptide from Phoneutria nigriventer spider venom. Lebrun, I; Magnoli, F; Troncone, LR; Yamane, T, 1995)	0.29
" Despite the marked differences in single-channel conductances, kainate dose-response curves constructed for high and low conductance patches had similar EC50 values of approximately 150 microM."	( Evidence for more than one type of non-NMDA receptor in outside-out patches from cerebellar granule cells of the rat. Cull-Candy, SG; Traynelis, SF; Wyllie, DJ, 1993)	0.29
" Dose-response curves for KA in oocytes injected with calf (EC50 = 96."	( Species-dependent functional properties of non-NMDA receptors expressed in Xenopus laevis oocytes injected with mammalian and avian brain mRNA. Bowie, D; Smart, TG, 1994)	0.29
" In contrast, mixed and pure neuronal cultures exposed to NMDA for 10 min, or to kainate for 24 hr, had similar injury dose-response curves, suggesting that glial glutamate uptake is a less important protective mechanism in these excitotoxic injuries."	( Glia modulate the response of murine cortical neurons to excitotoxicity: glia exacerbate AMPA neurotoxicity. Amagasu, SM; Bruno, VM; Dugan, LL; Giffard, RG, 1995)	0.29
" glutamate dose-response relation is bell-shaped with an optimal glutamate concentration near 1 microM."	( Glutamate as a hippocampal neuron survival factor: an inherited defect in the trisomy 16 mouse. Bambrick, LL; Krueger, BK; Yarowsky, PJ, 1995)	0.29
" A dose-response study revealed that 25 microM tau antisense oligonucleotide was the most efficacious concentration in terms of prevention of glutamate-induced tau immunoreactivity increases, without affecting basal tau expression."	( Antisense strategy unravels tau proteins as molecular risk factors for glutamate-induced neurodegeneration. Alberici, A; Arrighi, V; Belloni, M; Memo, M; Pizzi, M; Spano, PF; Valerio, A, 1994)	0.29
" The dose-response curves of myotropic and non-myotropic factors indicate that (i) proctolin, L-glutamate, octopamine, leucokinin-VI, leucopyrokinin, ecdysone and 20-hydroxy-ecdysone, or equivalent structures, might be involved in Galleria mellonella oviposition control, and (ii) that only the novel wax moth neuropeptide has the ability to trigger egg laying in that insect."	( Separation of oviposition-stimulating peptides and myotropic factors from head extracts of Galleria mellonella L.: comparative effects of myotropic and non-myotropic factors on egg laying. Abdoun, K; Baudry-Partiaoglou, N; Cohen, P; Mesnier-Sabin, M; Nicolas, P, 1995)	0.29
" In extracts from cells pretreated with glutamate, the activity-Ca2+ concentration dose-response relationship of the 13."	( Glutamate stably enhances the activity of two cytosolic forms of phospholipase A2 in brain cortical cultures. Bonventre, JV; Kim, DK; Koroshetz, WJ; Nemenoff, RA; Rordorf, G, 1995)	0.29
" This effect which was quantified in terms of numbers of tongue protrusions, was dose-dependent: a bell-shaped dose-response was found (50-500 ng)."	( Interactions of the subthalamic nucleus and the subpallidal area in oro-facial dyskinesia: role of GABA and glutamate. Cools, AR; Helfrich, SE; Spooren, WP, 1995)	0.29
" Cyclothiazide increased the maximum response to a saturating concentration of kainate by approximately 300% and produced a shift to the left in the kainate dose-response curve."	( Hippocampal neurons exhibit cyclothiazide-sensitive rapidly desensitizing responses to kainate. Mayer, ML; Patneau, DK; Vyklicky, L, 1993)	0.29
" The dose-response curve of the vasoactive site was studied with 1-500 pmol of Glu."	( Enhanced sympathetic reactivity to glutamate stimulation in medulla oblongata of spontaneously hypertensive rats. Chai, CY; Yang, TL; Yen, CT, 1995)	0.29
" The dose-response relation for on-bipolar cells showed no gradual saturation, but increased linearly with a sharp cutoff above 200 microM glutamate."	( Responses of rod bipolar cells isolated from dogfish retinal slices to concentration-jumps of glutamate. Falk, G; Shiells, RA, )	0.13
" Current-voltage relationships and dose-response curves of whole cell recordings were in close correspondence to results obtained from other brain areas."	( Fast desensitization of glutamate activated AMPA/kainate receptors in rat thalamic neurones. Gottmann, K; Lessmann, V, 1994)	0.29
" The increasing dosage of glutamate induced more calls and had a significant influence on frequency and intensity of emitted ultrasound."	( High-frequency ultrasonic vocalization induced by intracerebral glutamate in rats. Brudzynski, SM; Fu, XW, 1994)	0.29
"A simple, precise, stability-indicating reversed-phase high-performance liquid chromatographic method for norfloxacin glutamate and norfloxacin glucuronate in liquid and solid dosage forms is described."	( High-performance liquid chromatographic method for the determination of norfloxacin glutamate and glucuronate in solid and liquid dosage forms and its application to stability testing. Chen, C; Liu, X; Wu, R, 1993)	0.29
" The dose-response curves for the hypertensive responses to bradykinin in SD and WKY rats were essentially the same, whereas the hypertensive effect of bradykinin was significantly greater in SHR than in either SD or WKY rats."	( Rostral ventrolateral medulla as a site for the central hypertensive action of kinins. Privitera, PJ; Thibodeaux, H; Yates, P, 1994)	0.29
" In 28 animals, an initial dose-response curve for glutamate (37, 74, and 148 pmol/60 nL) was obtained."	( Inhibition by ethanol of the cardiovascular effects of glutamate in the nucleus of the solitary tract. Appalsamy, M; Mosqueda-Garcia, R; Robertson, D, 1994)	0.29
" In view of the evidence for the role of excitatory amino acids in destruction of CNS nerve cells, the optimal treatment must counteract the raised levels of CSF glutamate and the dosage of vitamin B6 must be adjusted accordingly."	( Glutamate in pyridoxine-dependent epilepsy: neurotoxic glutamate concentration in the cerebrospinal fluid and its normalization by pyridoxine. Baumeister, FA; Egger, J; Gsell, W; Shin, YS, 1994)	0.29
" The excitatory effect showed a dose-response relationship."	( [Effects of L-glutamic acid and its antagonist on spontaneous discharge of nucleus paragigantocellularis lateralis neurons in brainstem slice in rat]. Liu, H; Xu, M, 1994)	0.29
" Although both compounds inhibited [3H]DA uptake with similar dose-response characteristics (IC50 approximately 300 microM and approximately 400 microM, respectively), the effect of NO was quicker in onset."	( Inhibitory effects of nitric oxide on the uptake of [3H]dopamine and [3H]glutamate by striatal synaptosomes. Johnson, KM; Lonart, G, 1994)	0.29
" The dose-response curve for glutamate was steep, with a maximal stimulation of 24."	( Calcium and cAMP mediated stimulation of Fos in cultured hypothalamic tyrosine hydroxylase-immunoreactive neurons. Morris, M; Selley, DE; Sim, LJ; Tsai, KP, 1994)	0.29
" The addition of increasing concentrations of phloretin caused progressive shifts of the dose-response curves of PGF2 alpha to the right."	( Phloretin as an antagonist of prostaglandin F2 alpha receptor in cultured rat astrocytes. Baba, A; Ishibashi, T; Kitanaka, J, 1993)	0.29
" Reducing the ET to 4 degrees C during dosing decreased the peak and average DA levels attained during the 4 x 5 mg/kg METH administration to about 50% of that observed at a 23 degrees C ET."	( Effects of a cold environment or age on methamphetamine-induced dopamine release in the caudate putamen of female rats. Bowyer, JF; Gough, B; Holson, RR; Lipe, GW; Newport, GD; Slikker, W, 1993)	0.29
" Both series of experiments indicate that glutamate in the used dosage was effective and its effect reversible."	( The effects of glutamate on membrane potential and discharge rate of suprachiasmatic neurons. Albus, H; Meijer, JH; Ravesloot, JH; Weidema, F, 1993)	0.29
" The dose-response effects of glutamate and serine were studied on the population spikes evoked in the granular cell layer."	( Serine released from hippocampal slices during deprivation of oxygen and glucose enhances the effects of glutamate on neuronal function. Hirai, H; Okada, Y, 1993)	0.29
" Caerulein (1-100 nM), a CCK receptor agonist, caused a rightward shift of the glutamate dose-response curve."	( CCKB receptor activation reduces glutamate-induced depolarization in slices of rat cerebral cortex. Harro, J; Oreland, L; Westerling, P, 1993)	0.29
" The first concerns revealing the number of glutamate binding sites from measurements of a dose-response relation (2-3 sites)."	( The double-ticker: an improved fast drug-application system reveals desensitization of the glutamate channel from a closed state. Parnas, H; Parnas, I; Tour, O, 1995)	0.29
" There was no abnormal locomotor activity in the L-CPA rats treated with MK-801 except for the first 4 hr following dosing when animals were severely sedated."	( L-2-chloropropionic acid-induced neurotoxicity is prevented by MK-801: possible role of NMDA receptors in the neuropathology. Gyte, A; Lock, EA; Simpson, MG; Widdowson, PS; Wyatt, I, 1996)	0.29
" In a third experiment the dose-response effects of central AMPA on LH secretion were examined more closely."	( Photoperiod regulates the LH response to central glutamatergic stimulation in the male Syrian hamster. Ebling, FJ; Hastings, MH; Hui, Y; Maywood, ES; Mirakhur, A, 1993)	0.29
" A series of synthetic peptide analogs of beta (25-35) with glycine substituted for serine, asparagine, lysine and methionine at positions 26, 27, 28 and 35, respectively, were injected at a 3 nmol dosage into the rat hippocampus once a week for 2 weeks."	( Neuropathology of synthetic beta-amyloid peptide analogs in vivo. Barnes, CD; Chen, SY; Harding, JW, 1996)	0.29
" The results indicate that bicuculline (GABA antagonist), SKF38393 (DA agonist), and ST587 (NE agonist) facilitated retention with little change in the dose-response curves for P8 mice 4, 8, and 12 months of age."	( Age-related changes in hippocampal drug facilitation of memory processing in SAMP8 mice. Flood, JF; Harris, FJ; Morley, JE, )	0.13
" Two types of stabilizing agents (lactose and glutamic acid/sodium glutamate buffer) and three dosage forms (0."	( Stabilization of Octastatin, a somatostatin analogue: comparative accelerated stability studies of two formulations for freeze-dried products. Barthomeuf, C; Cottier, PE; Ibrahim, H; Pourrat, A; Pourrat, H, 1996)	0.29
" The glutamate- or NAAG-mediated blockage of calcium channels showed indistinguishable dose-response curves, with K1/2 = 388 and 350 nM for glutamate and NAAG, respectively."	( Glutamate and N-acetylaspartylglutamate block HVA calcium currents in frog olfactory bulb interneurons via an mGluR2/3-like receptor. Bischofberger, J; Schild, D, 1996)	0.29
" Both the dose-response relationship and the time course of the suppression of tonic seizures by topiramate were similar to the attenuation of glutamate level in SER."	( Topiramate reduces abnormally high extracellular levels of glutamate and aspartate in the hippocampus of spontaneously epileptic rats (SER). Ishihara, K; Ishii, A; Kanda, T; Kurokawa, M; Kuwana, Y; Nakamura, J; Sasa, M; Serikawa, T; Tamura, S; Yamada, J, 1996)	0.29
" Lysophosphatidic acid also inhibited glucose uptake with a dose-response curve that paralleled the inhibition of glutamate uptake."	( Lysophosphatidic acid decreases glutamate and glucose uptake by astrocytes. Keller, JN; Mattson, MP; Steiner, MR; Steiner, SM, 1996)	0.29
" The dose-response curve was bell-shaped."	( Pituitary adenylate cyclase-activating polypeptide protects rat-cultured cortical neurons from glutamate-induced cytotoxicity. Hirai, A; Morio, H; Saito, Y; Tamura, Y; Tatsuno, I, 1996)	0.29
" Dose-response curves showed a wide range of potencies, with (+/-)-exo-2-(6-chloro-3pyridinyl)-7-azabicyclo[2."	( Pharmacology of directionally selective ganglion cells in the rabbit retina. Kittila, CA; Massey, SC, 1997)	0.3
" The PKA-activator forskolin mimicked the effect of dopamine and enhanced glutamate-induced currents, while application of the PKC stimulator PMA or the synthetic diacylglycerol analogue OAG had no significant effects on the dose-response curves of glutamate induced-currents."	( Protein kinase C does not mediate the dopamine-dependent modulation of glutamate receptors in retinal horizontal cells of the perch (Perca fluviatilis). Schmidt, KF, 1996)	0.29
" A thorough dose-response study using microdialysis in conscious rats indicated that low doses of ketamine (10, 20, and 30 mg/kg) increase glutamate outflow in the PFC, suggesting that at these doses ketamine may increase glutamatergic neurotransmission in the PFC at non-NMDA glutamate receptors."	( Activation of glutamatergic neurotransmission by ketamine: a novel step in the pathway from NMDA receptor blockade to dopaminergic and cognitive disruptions associated with the prefrontal cortex. Adams, B; Daly, D; Moghaddam, B; Verma, A, 1997)	0.3
" Interestingly, at these threshold doses the analogues were antagonists when applied along with proctolin, being capable of shifting the dose-response curve for proctolin an order of magnitude to the right."	( Proctolin analogues and a proctolin metabolite as antagonist of the peptide proctolin. Lange, AB; Noronha, KF; Osborne, RH, 1997)	0.3
" Generalized tonic-clonic seizures observed in EP mice were inhibited by valproate, administered 1 h prior to testing, in a dose-response fashion."	( Effects of valproate on amino acid and monoamine concentrations in striatum of audiogenic seizure-prone Balb/c mice. Alexiuk, NA; Vriend, JP, 1996)	0.29
" Guanylyl imidodiphosphate (Gpp(NH)p) causes an affinity shift on the L-glutamate dose-response curve, increasing the IC50 value."	( Characterization of metabotropic glutamate receptors in rat C6 glioma cells. Albasanz, JL; Martín, M; Ros, M, 1997)	0.3
" Dose-response analysis for GluRCflop revealed that 100 microM PEPA produced a sevenfold increase in AMPA receptor affinity for glutamate."	( A novel allosteric potentiator of AMPA receptors: 4--2-(phenylsulfonylamino)ethylthio--2,6-difluoro-phenoxyaceta mide. Chiba, Y; Fleck, MW; Mayer, ML; Sekiguchi, M; Takeo, J; Wada, K; Yamashita, S, 1997)	0.3
" It is important to realise, however, that the glia-specificity of these compounds depends both on the dosage and on the model used."	( Use of fluorocitrate and fluoroacetate in the study of brain metabolism. Fonnum, F; Hassel, B; Johnsen, A, 1997)	0.3
" The dose-response relations for the steady-state current evoked by glutamate acting at AMPA receptors in excised outside-out patches from UBC and granule somatic membranes was biphasic, peaking at 50 microM and declining to 50-70% of this value at 1 mM glutamate."	( Prolonged physiological entrapment of glutamate in the synaptic cleft of cerebellar unipolar brush cells. Kinney, GA; Overstreet, LS; Slater, NT, 1997)	0.3
" In both cases, analysis of the resulting dose-response curves revealed three independent components of glycine and glutamate sensitivity."	( Evidence for a tetrameric structure of recombinant NMDA receptors. Betz, H; Kuhse, J; Laube, B, 1998)	0.3
" In addition, desensitization, rise time, and the dose-response curve were all affected by depolarization."	( Depolarization increases the single-channel conductance and the open probability of crayfish glutamate channels. Parnas, H; Parnas, I; Tour, O, 1998)	0.3
" We hypothesize a dose-response relationship between CSF glutamate concentrations and severity of injury, electrophysiological deterioration as measured by somatosensory evoked potential amplitudes, and clinical outcome."	( Clinical significance of CSF glutamate concentrations following severe traumatic brain injury in humans. Baker, AJ; Brown, JI; Konasiewicz, SJ; Moulton, RJ, 1998)	0.3
" the dose-response curve is bell-shaped."	( The C-terminal tetrapeptide of beta-endorphin (MPF) enhances lymphocyte proliferative responses. Ensor, DM; Miles, JB; Morley, JS; Owen, DL, 1998)	0.3
" To examine the effect of supplementing energy metabolism on METH-induced dopamine content depletions, the striatum was perfused directly with decylubiquinone or nicotinamide to enhance the energetic capacity of the tissue during or after a neurotoxic dosing regimen of METH."	( Substrates of energy metabolism attenuate methamphetamine-induced neurotoxicity in striatum. Douglas, AJ; Lust, WD; Stephans, SE; Whittingham, TS; Yamamoto, BK, 1998)	0.3
" Since the GLU receptors present at NMJ have been reported to be predominantly N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) subtype, some non-competitive and competitive NMDA receptor blockers, MK801, ketamine, dextromethorphan and CGP 37849, and GLU release inhibitors, clonidine, guanfacine, tizanidine were used at their optimum concentrations in medium after having found them from dose-response curves."	( N-methyl-D-aspartate antagonists, glutamate release inhibitors, 4-aminopyridine at neuromuscular transmission. Günel, MA; Kara, I; Koyuncuoğlu, H; Nurten, A; Yamantürk, P, 1998)	0.3
"01), with an identical dose-response curve for both transmitters."	( Bilirubin inhibits transport of neurotransmitters in synaptic vesicles. Fonnum, F; Hansen, TW; Roseth, S; Walaas, SI, 1998)	0.3
" The effect of halothane on iontophoretic AMPA dose-response curves was tested."	( Presynaptic and postsynaptic actions of halothane at glutamatergic synapses in the mouse hippocampus. Kirson, ED; Perouansky, M; Yaari, Y, 1998)	0.3
" The adequacy of this dosage remains to be confirmed in high-risk patients."	( Assessment of myocardial glutamate requirements early after coronary artery bypass surgery. Håkanson, E; Joachimsson, PO; Jorfeldt, L; Nilsson, L; Svedjeholm, R; Vanhanen, I; Vanky, F, 1998)	0.3
" From such recordings we constructed dose-response curves for peak and steady-state currents, for the rise times of the currents and for the time constants of desensitization."	( Neuromuscular glutamatergic and GABAergic channels. Adelsberger, H; Dudel, J; Heckmann, M, )	0.13
"1% with a dose-response relationship."	( [Effects of lead on the release of glutamate neurotransmitter in rat hippocampal slices]. Song, L; Zhang, H; Zhao, X, 1997)	0.3
"The dose-response effects of pretreatment with lamotrigine (a phenyltriazine derivative that inhibits neuronal glutamate release) in a porcine cerebral ischemia model during cardiopulmonary bypass were studied."	( Lamotrigine attenuates cortical glutamate release during global cerebral ischemia in pigs on cardiopulmonary bypass. Black, D; Conroy, BP; Crumrine, RC; DeWitt, DS; Jenkins, LW; Johnston, WE; Lin, CY, 1999)	0.3
" A dose-response relationship was observed after cell incubation with vitamin E (0."	( Nerve growth factor, ganglioside and vitamin E reverse glutamate cytotoxicity in hippocampal cells. Cunha, GM; França, MC; Moraes, GA; Moraes, MO; Moraes, RA; Viana, GS, 1999)	0.3
" Glutamate treatment caused a dose-response increase of cyclic GMP levels in hippocampal slices."	( Glutamate release is involved in PAF-increased cyclic GMP levels in hippocampus. Calcerrada, MC; Catalán, RE; Martínez, AM, 1999)	0.3
" To calculate the dose-response curves we calibrated the relationship between the dye concentration and the photometer voltage output."	( Measurement of concentration-response relationships by concentration-ramp application of agonists. Schmandt, G; Schmidt, KF, 1999)	0.3
" By comparing the increase in amplitude of the AMPA receptor response in the Bergmann glia (840 +/- 240%; n = 8) with the shift in the glutamate dose-response curve measured in excised patches (EC50, 1810 microM in control vs 304 microM in CTZ), we estimate that the extrasynaptic transmitter concentration reaches 160-190 microM."	( The concentration of synaptically released glutamate outside of the climbing fiber-Purkinje cell synaptic cleft. Dzubay, JA; Jahr, CE, 1999)	0.3
" More studies are needed to document the dose-response and to identify the patients that are likely to benefit from glutamine supplementation."	( [Glutamine as a key ingredient in protein metabolism]. Soeters, PB; van Acker, BA; von Meyenfeldt, MF, 1999)	0.3
" In ex vivo studies, no changes were seen in lipid peroxide levels following acute dosage with L-arginine."	( Lack of antioxidant activity of the antiatherogenic compound L-arginine. Adams, MR; Celermajer, DS; Phu, CV; Stocker, R, 1999)	0.3
" The ACPC steady-state dose-response curve had both stimulatory and inhibitory phases."	( Putative partial agonist 1-aminocyclopropanecarboxylic acid acts concurrently as a glycine-site agonist and a glutamate-site antagonist at N-methyl-D-aspartate receptors. Benveniste, M; Fossom, LH; Nahum-Levy, R; Skolnick, P, 1999)	0.3
" Time course and dose-response experiments with MSO showed significant [3H]glutamate release, which was partially attenuated by AP5."	( Methionine sulfoximine shows excitotoxic actions in rat cortical slices. Bains, JS; Curry, K; Pasqualotto, BA; Shaw, CA, 1999)	0.3
" Dose-response curves showed that toxicity was mediated by three distinct populations of receptors: an AMPA-type receptor and high- and low-affinity kainate-type receptors."	( AMPA and kainate receptors each mediate excitotoxicity in oligodendroglial cultures. Matute, C; Sánchez-Gómez, MV, 1999)	0.3
" The excitatory effects of L-Glu and BIC and the inhibitory effects of GABA showed a dose-response relationship."	( [Effects of L-glutamic acid, gamma-aminobutyric acid and their respective antagonists on spontaneous discharge of nucleus paragigantocellularis lateralis neurons in rats]. Li, L; Xu, M; Zheng, Y, 1997)	0.3
"3 degrees C) but striatal tissue levels of dopamine 7 days after dosing were reduced only 25% or less by ephedrine compared to the 75% reductions produced by amphetamine."	( An evaluation of l-ephedrine neurotoxicity with respect to hyperthermia and caudate/putamen microdialysate levels of ephedrine, dopamine, serotonin, and glutamate. Bowyer, JF; Ferguson, SA; Gough, B; Newport, GD; Slikker, W; Tor-Agbidye, J, 2000)	0.31
" Dose-response analyses indicated that the lowest effective concentration of CEEs exerted the maximal neurotrophic effect with greatest potency occurring in hippocampal and occipital cortex neurons."	( The women's health initiative estrogen replacement therapy is neurotrophic and neuroprotective. Chen, S; Chu, HP; Diaz Brinton, R; Hsieh, D; Kim, J; Minaya, J; Montoya, M, )	0.13
" Furthermore, the inhibitory effects on striatal nerve cell firing rate by the D1 receptor agonist SKF 81297 were not different in noninnervated or reinnervated areas of the striatum compared to the control side as seen from the dose-response curves."	( Fetal ventral mesencephalic grafts functionally reduce the dopamine D2 receptor supersensitivity in partially dopamine reinnervated host striatum. Andbjer, B; Fuxe, K; Kehr, J; Strömberg, I, 2000)	0.31
"In Drosophila, the MSL complex is required for the dosage compensation of X-linked genes in males and contains a histone acetyltransferase, MOF."	( The yeast NuA4 and Drosophila MSL complexes contain homologous subunits important for transcription regulation. Allard, S; Cote, J; Eisen, A; Lane, WS; Lucchesi, JC; Nourani, A; Schmidt, P; Utley, RT, 2001)	0.31
" The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effect of focal cerebral ischaemia in the rat through the dosage of the glutamate and morphological findings, and to evaluate a possible protective effect of the ketoprofen to ischemic neurons."	( [Focal cerebral ischaemia induced by middle cerebral artery occlusion and the neuroprotective effect of ketoprofen in rats]. Colli, BO; Coutinho Netto, J; Dias, LA; Lachat, JJ, 2000)	0.31
" Dose-response curves constructed with sustained agonist application suggest that the 50% effective concentration (EC(50)) for peak glutamate-evoked current at NMDARs is 1 to 10 microM, whereas that of alpha-amino-3-hydroxy-5-methyl-4-isoxazole propionate (AMPA) receptors is approximately 500 microM."	( Changes in agonist concentration dependence that are a function of duration of exposure suggest N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor nonsaturation during synaptic stimulation. Chen, N; Murphy, TH; Raymond, LA; Ren, J, 2001)	0.31
" When injected alone, SR141716A produced, with the highest dosage used, a significant reduction in the latency of the NR."	( Metabotropic and NMDA glutamate receptors participate in the cannabinoid-induced antinociception. Berrino, L; de Novellis, V; Maione, S; Marabese, I; Oliva, P; Palazzo, E; Rossi, F, 2001)	0.31
" The lower dosages of (+/-)-kavain (50 and 100 mg/kg) showed only a nonsignificant attenuation of MPTP-induced dopamine depletion, but a high dosage of (+/-)-kavain (200 mg/kg) significantly antagonized the dopamine depletion to 58."	( Neuroprotective effects of (+/-)-kavain in the MPTP mouse model of Parkinson's disease. Ferger, B; Schmidt, N, 2001)	0.31
" In addition, the results of this study led to the identification of the PPT dosage of L-glutamate that optimally induces wakefulness and REM sleep."	( Microinjection of glutamate into the pedunculopontine tegmentum induces REM sleep and wakefulness in the rat. Datta, S; Patterson, EH; Spoley, EE, 2001)	0.31
" Severity of Parkinson's disease and levodopa dosing are the main clinical risk factors."	( Dyskinesia in Parkinson's disease. Pathophysiology and clinical risk factors. Baas, H, 2000)	0.31
" Rats that did not become hyperthermic when dosed with 15 mg/kg AMPH in a cold environment (10 degrees C) exhibited some hyperactivity and stereotypic behavior, but not overt convulsive behavior."	( Seizure activity and hyperthermia potentiate the increases in dopamine and serotonin extracellular levels in the amygdala during exposure to d-amphetamine. Bowyer, JF; Tor-Agbidye, J; Yamamoto, B, 2001)	0.31
" The fact that autoimmune T-cells can be both beneficial and destructive, taken together with the established phenomenon of genetic predisposition to autoimmune diseases, raises the question: will genetic predisposition to autoimmune diseases affect the outcome of traumatic insult to the CNS? Here we show that the survival rate of retinal ganglion cells in adult mice or rats after crush injury of the optic nerve or intravitreal injection of a toxic dosage of glutamate is up to twofold higher in strains that are resistant to the CNS autoimmune disease experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE) than in susceptible strains."	( Neuronal survival after CNS insult is determined by a genetically encoded autoimmune response. Hauben, E; Kipnis, J; Schori, H; Schwartz, M; Shaked, I; Yoles, E, 2001)	0.31
" The inhibitory effects of AFMK on both DNA and lipid damage appear to be dose-response related."	( N1-acetyl-N2-formyl-5-methoxykynuramine, a biogenic amine and melatonin metabolite, functions as a potent antioxidant. Burkhardt, S; Hardeland, R; Huo, YS; Kohen, R; Manchester, LC; Mayo, JC; Reiter, RJ; Sainz, RM; Shohami, E; Tan, DX, 2001)	0.31
" Increasing the external Ca(2+) concentration to 10 mM shifted the dose-response relationship to the right."	( Excitatory effect of ATP on acutely dissociated ventromedial hypothalamic neurons of the rat. Akaike, N; Ishibashi, H; Moritoyo, T; Sorimachi, M, 2001)	0.31
" In a separate series of in vivo electrophysiological experiments, administration of the same dosage of the taurine antagonist into the supraoptic nucleus via microdialysis resulted in an increased electrical activity of identified vasopressinergic, but not oxytocinergic, neurons."	( Taurine selectively modulates the secretory activity of vasopressin neurons in conscious rats. Ebner, K; Engelmann, M; Landgraf, R; Lubec, G; Ludwig, M; Sabatier, N; Singewald, N; Wotjak, CT, 2001)	0.31
" Moreover, the dose-response curves (to kainate) were virtually identical in the fetal and postnatal neurons."	( Glutamate-mediated responses in developing retinal ganglion cells. Chalupa, LM; Liets, LC, 2001)	0.31
" However, the persistence of the response of the glial cells in adult brain had not been previously reported, after the excitotoxic damage caused by neonatal dosage of monosodium glutamate (MSG) to newborn rats."	( Astrocytic and microglia cells reactivity induced by neonatal administration of glutamate in cerebral cortex of the adult rats. Beas Zárate, C; García-Estrada, J; Huerta, M; Lopez-Perez, S; Luquín, S; Martínez-Contreras, A, 2002)	0.31
" The dose-response curve for glutamate-evoked NMDA receptor-mediated currents in the neurones was best described by a three-component fit, suggesting that three functionally distinct NMDA receptor populations are present in the dorsal horn."	( Glutamate-induced currents reveal three functionally distinct NMDA receptor populations in rat dorsal horn - effects of peripheral nerve lesion and inflammation. Angeby Möller, K; Johansson, S; Karlsson, U; Näsström, J; Sjödin, J; Wikström, L, 2002)	0.31
" Dose-response curves for glutamate show that zinc reduced the maximal current evoked by glutamate and increased EC(50) from 50 +/- 3 to 70 +/- 6 microM without changing the Hill coefficient."	( Suppression by zinc of AMPA receptor-mediated synaptic transmission in the retina. Mangel, SC; McMahon, DG; Ribelayga, C; Zhang, DQ, 2002)	0.31
" In slices from heterozygous mice the dose-response curve for both adenosine and ATP was shifted to the right."	( Modulation of hippocampal glutamatergic transmission by ATP is dependent on adenosine a(1) receptors. Diao, L; Dunwiddie, TV; Fredholm, BB; Illes, P; Johansson, B; Larson, GA; Masino, SA; Zahniser, NR, 2002)	0.31
" injections at 1-h intervals, the first dosage was given shortly after the intrastriatal injection of (S)-alpha-amino-3-hydroxy-5,7-methylisoxazole-4-propionic acid (AMPA) (2."	( Protective effect of the antiepileptic drug candidate talampanel against AMPA-induced striatal neurotoxicity in neonatal rats. Banczerowski-Pelyhe, I; Gulyás-Kovács, A; Takács, J; Tarnawa, I; Világi, I, 2002)	0.31
" This is the first report demonstrating non-linear dose-response effects of cycloheximide in low and ultra-low concentration ranges."	( Non-linear effects of cycloheximide in glutamate-treated cultured rat cerebellar neurons. Banaudha, K; Ives, J; Jonas, WB; Maharaj, S; Marini, A; Marotta, D; Morrissette, CR, 2002)	0.31
" Betaxolol compressed the dose-response curve of glutamate."	( Effects of beta-adrenergic blockers on glutamate-induced calcium signals in adult mouse retinal ganglion cells. Gross, RL; Wu, SM; Zhang, J, 2003)	0.32
" Dose-response studies indicated a 60-fold activation of AP-1 transcription factor in cells treated with 100 ng/ml of the peptide."	( Neuroprotective effects of a new synthetic peptide, CMX-9236, in in vitro and in vivo models of cerebral ischemia. Adams, DS; Boyer-Boiteau, A; Cornell-Bell, A; Fisher, M; Li, F; Shashoua, VE, 2003)	0.32
" Peak and steady-state (SS) dose-response relationships to glutamate were unchanged by lectin treatment (e."	( Allosteric regulation and spatial distribution of kainate receptors bound to ancillary proteins. Bowie, D; Garcia, EP; Lange, GD; Marshall, J; Traynelis, SF, 2003)	0.32
" Glutamate depressed the GABA dose-response curve without shifting the curve laterally or altering the voltage dependence of the current."	( Glutamate modulation of GABA transport in retinal horizontal cells of the skate. Andersen, KA; Kreitzer, MA; Malchow, RP, 2003)	0.32
" In contrast to lurcher channels, expression of wild-type GluRdelta2 significantly reduced the glutamate-induced current of the wild-type GluR1 receptors without affecting channel properties, such as current kinetics, dose-response relationship, and single-channel conductance."	( Heteromer formation of delta2 glutamate receptors with AMPA or kainate receptors. Kamiya, Y; Kato, K; Kohda, K; Matsuda, S; Umemori, H; Yuzaki, M, 2003)	0.32
"The newly synthesized linoleic acid derivative, FR236924, induces a long-lasting facilitation of hippocampal neurotransmission based on a persistent enhancement in the activity of presynaptic nicotinic ACh receptors via a PKC pathway and the ensuing increase in glutamate release, not only in vitro but in vivo at a low dosage (2mg/kg, ip), which suggested the possibility of its use as a promising anti-dementia drug."	( The newly synthesized linoleic acid derivative FR236924 induces a long-lasting facilitation of hippocampal neurotransmission by targeting nicotinic acetylcholine receptors. Nishizaki, T; Tanaka, A, 2003)	0.32
" These data indicate that differences in striatal glutamate function appear to be associated with the dosing interval of MPTP administration and the variable loss of striatal TH immunolabeling."	( Acute and subchronic MPTP administration differentially affects striatal glutamate synaptic function. Freeman, P; Krentz, L; Meshul, CK; Moore, C; Robinson, S; Touchon, JC, 2003)	0.32
" The results showed that cypermethrin and permethrin in the concentration of 10(-9)-10(-4) mol/L could inhibit the high affinity uptake of glutamate in the synaptosomes of cerebral cortex, hippocampus and striatum in a dose-response manner."	( [Effects of pyrethroids on the glutamate uptake system in synaptic vesicle of rats]. Liu, Y; Shi, N; Wu, J; Xia, R, 1999)	0.3
" The use of cerebral microdialysis in phase II drug studies will allow the detection of the appropriate therapeutic window and dosage for the neuroprotective agent."	( Evaluation of topiramate neuroprotective effect in severe TBI using microdialysis. Alves, OL; Bullock, R; Clausen, T; Doyle, AJ; Gilman, C, 2003)	0.32
" IDRA 21 produced a gradual increase in task accuracy that was maintained on average above vehicle performance levels over an intermittent dosing schedule during a total period of 3 weeks."	( The effects of IDRA 21, a positive modulator of the AMPA receptor, on delayed matching performance by young and aged rhesus monkeys. Buccafusco, JJ; Klinder, K; Terry, AV; Weiser, T; Winter, K, 2004)	0.32
" Glutamate dose-response curves from NR1a/NR2D(T692A) receptor channels produced an approximately 1600-fold reduction in glutamate potency compared to wild-type NR1a/NR2D receptors."	( Influence of a threonine residue in the S2 ligand binding domain in determining agonist potency and deactivation rate of recombinant NR1a/NR2D NMDA receptors. Chen, PE; Johnston, AR; Mok, MH; Schoepfer, R; Wyllie, DJ, 2004)	0.32
"To determine, using electrophysiological measures of visual system function, whether oral daily dosing of memantine is both safe and effective to reduce the injury associated with experimental glaucoma in primates."	( Efficacy and safety of memantine treatment for reduction of changes associated with experimental glaucoma in monkey, I: Functional measures. Chun, T; Hare, WA; Lai, RK; Ruiz, G; Ton, H; Wheeler, L; WoldeMussie, E, 2004)	0.32
" Nine animals were orally dosed daily with 4 mg/kg memantine while the other nine animals received an oral dose of vehicle only."	( Efficacy and safety of memantine treatment for reduction of changes associated with experimental glaucoma in monkey, I: Functional measures. Chun, T; Hare, WA; Lai, RK; Ruiz, G; Ton, H; Wheeler, L; WoldeMussie, E, 2004)	0.32
" The norepinephrine dose-response curve was shifted to the left with dehydration, revealing an increase in norepinephrine sensitivity."	( Dehydration-induced synaptic plasticity in magnocellular neurons of the hypothalamic supraoptic nucleus. Di, S; Tasker, JG, 2004)	0.32
" Dose-response curves were equivalent when secondary toxicity was blocked with application of the NMDA receptor antagonist, MK801, or enhanced with the pan-specific glutamate transport blocker, TBOA, following excitotoxin removal."	( Dearth of glutamate transporters contributes to striatal excitotoxicity. Brustovetsky, T; Dubinsky, JM; Purl, K; Shimizu, K; Young, A, 2004)	0.32
" The mGluR1 Y74A mutant alone had a dose-response curve that was shifted by about 2 orders of magnitude."	( Activation of metabotropic glutamate receptor 1 dimers requires glutamate binding in both subunits. Kammermeier, PJ; Yun, J, 2005)	0.33
"The levels of NO in retina in experiment groups were significantly increased compared with controls, after treatment with high dosage of EGB, and levels of NO was decreased to normal."	( [Effects of extracts of ginkgo biloba (EGB) on levels of nitric oxide and apoptosis in the retina induced by glutamate in adult rabbits]. Gao, MR; Li, YJ; Yang, XG, 2003)	0.32
" Overall AHI (apnea-hypopnea index; primary efficacy variable) or investigated oxygen saturation variables were not significantly changed after AR-R15896AR at either dosage level."	( A randomized placebo-controlled trial of an NMDA receptor antagonist in sleep-disordered breathing. Basun, H; Grote, L; Hedner, J; Peker, Y; Torvaldsson, S, 2005)	0.33
" In the continuous flow experiments, the dose-response curve of glutamate-induced current was shifted to the right-hand side in co-expression oocytes compared with oocytes expressing NMDAR alone."	( Glutamate transporter type 3 attenuates the activation of N-methyl-D-aspartate receptors co-expressed in Xenopus oocytes. Fang, H; Zuo, Z, 2005)	0.33
" H-89, per se, did not modify glutamate release but reduced extracellular GABA value at the higher dosage used (200 microM)."	( Differential roles of mGlu8 receptors in the regulation of glutamate and gamma-aminobutyric acid release at periaqueductal grey level. de Novellis, V; Maione, S; Marabese, I; Mariani, L; Palazzo, E; Rodella, L; Rossi, F; Siniscalco, D, 2005)	0.33
" A similar effect could be demonstrated ex vivo with mice dosed for two days with 3 mg/kg of LY329201."	( Inhibition of glycinamide ribonucleotide formyltransferase results in selective inhibition of macrophage cytokine secretion in vitro and in vivo efficacy in rat adjuvant arthritis. Bryant, HU; Chintalacharuvu, S; Evans, GF; Sandusky, GE; Shih, C; Zuckerman, SH, )	0.13
" Dose-response studies with 6-hydroxydopamine revealed that the application of 200 microg per animal caused hypokinetic signs (decreased ambulatory activity, increased inactivity, and reduced motor coordination), which paralleled several signs of degeneration of nigrostriatal dopaminergic neurons (dopamine depletion in the caudate-putamen, and decreased mRNA levels for tyrosine hydroxylase and superoxide dismutase-1 and -2 in the substantia nigra)."	( Effects of rimonabant, a selective cannabinoid CB1 receptor antagonist, in a rat model of Parkinson's disease. de Miguel, R; Fernández-Ruiz, J; García-Arencibia, M; González, S; Ramos, JA; Scorticati, C, 2006)	0.33
" Dosing order was determined by a within-subject Latin square design."	( Different patterns of pharmacological reinstatement of cocaine-seeking behavior between Fischer 344 and Lewis rats. Kruzich, PJ; Xi, J, 2006)	0.33
" Dose-response studies showed that sensitization to complement attack is induced by two distinct kainate receptor populations displaying high and low affinities for glutamate."	( Activation of kainate receptors sensitizes oligodendrocytes to complement attack. Alberdi, E; Domercq, M; Matute, C; Pérez-Cerdá, F; Pérez-Samartín, A; Sánchez-Gómez, MV; Torre, I, 2006)	0.33
" In contrast, CPCCOEt shifted the EtOH dose-response function downwards, enhanced the capacity of higher EtOH doses to elevate NAC levels of GABA and lowered extracellular dopamine and glutamate below baseline following EtOH injection."	( Behavioral and neurochemical interactions between Group 1 mGluR antagonists and ethanol: potential insight into their anti-addictive properties. Hannun, RA; Kapasova, Z; Lominac, KD; Middaugh, LD; Patterson, C; Szumlinski, KK, 2006)	0.33
" Dose-response analyses revealed that ICI 182,780, in a concentration-dependent manner, significantly promoted neuron survival following exposure to either excitotoxic glutamate (200 muM)- or beta-amyloid(1-42) (1."	( Estrogenic agonist activity of ICI 182,780 (Faslodex) in hippocampal neurons: implications for basic science understanding of estrogen signaling and development of estrogen modulators with a dual therapeutic profile. Brinton, RD; O'Neill, K; Zhao, L, 2006)	0.33
" Taking maximum relative contraction speed and minimal relative projected body area as a measure of the sponge's response, a comparison of the dose-response curves indicated a higher sensitivity of the contractile tissue for GABA than for L: -Glu."	( GABA and glutamate specifically induce contractions in the sponge Tethya wilhelma. Eich, A; Ellwanger, K; Nickel, M, 2007)	0.34
" Altering CKIdelta dosage modulates the S662 phenotype demonstrating that CKIdelta can regulate period through PER2 in vivo."	( Modeling of a human circadian mutation yields insights into clock regulation by PER2. Fu, YH; Jones, CR; Ptácek, LJ; Shin, JY; Toh, KL; Xu, Y, 2007)	0.34
" The most important findings in this study were that (1) moderate doses of nicotine accelerated the onset and increased blood pressure in SHR but not in WKY rats, (2) the nicotine dosage and time of treatment employed did not affect body weight, (3) chronic nicotine treatment differentially affected glutamatergic system in normotensive and hypertensive rats, and (4) spontaneously hypertensive rats seem to be more sensitive to peripherally administered nicotine than Wistar Kyoto rats considering blood pressure and glutamatergic neurotransmission changes."	( Chronic nicotine administration. Analysis of the development of hypertension and glutamatergic neurotransmission. Ferrari, MF; Fior-Chadi, DR, 2007)	0.34
" These three dose-response curves were parallel, suggesting that the behavioral effects of riluzole may be mediated through a common site of action."	( Riluzole, a glutamate release inhibitor, induces loss of righting reflex, antinociception, and immobility in response to noxious stimulation in mice. Dohi, T; Endo, C; Irifune, M; Kawahara, M; Kikuchi, N; Morita, K; Saida, T; Sato, T; Shimizu, Y; Takarada, T, 2007)	0.34
"Latencies to find a hidden escape platform were significantly longer in dimethoate dosed groups than that of the control group in the place navigation tests."	( [Effects of 90-day oral dimethoate exposure on glutamatergic system and neurobehavioral performance in rats]. Ban, TT; Chang, XL; Jiang, N; Shao, CF; Wu, QE; Yao, XM; Zhou, ZJ, 2007)	0.34
"Our results proved that it is possible to establish a dose-response - like curve of BoTx A effects on glutamate release."	( [Measurement of botulinum toxin activity: towards a new cellular culture assay?]. Andreoletti, JB; Jover, E; Khairallah, G; Simon, E, 2008)	0.35
" Aspirin, a widely used anti-thrombotic drug, achieved comparable activity in this model system at a dosage of ca."	( Synthesis, nano-scale assembly, and in vivo anti-thrombotic activity of novel short peptides containing L-Arg and L-Asp or L-Glu. Chen, Y; Cui, G; Lee, KH; Morris-Natschke, S; Peng, S; Qian, K; Wang, C; Zhao, M, 2008)	0.35
" Six patients (3F, mean age 62 years) with mild-moderate PD (mean disease duration 6 years, UPDRS-off 13, UPDRS-on 3, H&Y stage 2, daily levodopa dosage 450 mg) were studied off and on levodopa on separate days."	( Spike-timing-related plasticity is preserved in Parkinson's disease and is enhanced by dopamine: evidence from transcranial magnetic stimulation. Mastaglia, FL; Rodrigues, JP; Stell, R; Thickbroom, GW; Walters, SE, 2008)	0.35
" Surprisingly, the dose-response relationship between [Ca(2+)](i) and release rate was shifted slightly to the right in more mature calyces, rendering their vesicles slightly less sensitive to incoming Ca(2+)."	( Synaptic vesicles in mature calyx of Held synapses sense higher nanodomain calcium concentrations during action potential-evoked glutamate release. Neher, E; Taschenberger, H; Wang, LY, 2008)	0.35
" injection of aggregated Abeta25-35 in dosage 30nmol/rat resulted in impairment in spatial alternation behavior."	( Effects of beta-amyloid on behavioral and amino acids spectrum in rats' brain and their modulation by embryonic proteins. Aghajanov, M; Mkrtchyan, L; Navasardyan, G; Safaryan, K; Yenkoyan, K, )	0.13
" The results of the urine tests suggest that aluminum ion is hardly absorbed by mice if it is dosed alone."	( Enhancement of aluminum intake of mice by specific amino acids: long-term dosing. Aikoh, H; Shibahara, T; Yamato, M, 2007)	0.34
" We used classical intracellular recordings on Retzius nerve cells in isolated ganglia of the leech, and plotted dose-response curves to compare potencies."	( Comparison of effects of endogenous and exogenous excitatory amino acids on Retzius nerve cells of the leech. Cemerikic, D; Cutura, N; Dudvarski, Z; Lopicic, S; Nedeljkov, V; Pavlovic, D, 2009)	0.35
" However, co-administration of these antagonists with morphine into the vPAG enhanced the acute antinociceptive effects of morphine as measured by a leftward shift in the morphine dose-response curves."	( Glutamate modulation of antinociception, but not tolerance, produced by morphine microinjection into the periaqueductal gray of the rat. Bobeck, EN; Ingram, SL; Morgan, MM, 2009)	0.35
" The dose-response curve to glutamate was significantly broader in the presence of the desensitization inhibitor cyclothiazide."	( Pharmacological characterization, localization, and regulation of ionotropic glutamate receptors in skate horizontal cells. Birnbaum, AD; Kreitzer, MA; Malchow, RP; Qian, H, )	0.13
" Hypo-osmolarity induced a dose-response (285-80 mOsm) increase of EnS-GLU which was detected after small osmolarity modifications (15 mOsm) and which was very marked (>1000%) after more intense osmolarity changes."	( Osmosensitive response of glutamate in the substantia nigra. Fuentes, A; Gonzalez-Hernandez, T; Moráles, I; Rodríguez, M, 2009)	0.35
" The 1 mM dosage of homocysteine in staurosporine-differentiated RGC-5 cells also did not induce cell death above control levels, although 18 hr treatment of non-differentiated RGC-5 cells with 5 mM homocysteine decreased survival by 50%."	( Sensitivity of staurosporine-induced differentiated RGC-5 cells to homocysteine. Allen, JB; Bozard, BR; Dun, Y; Duplantier, J; Farooq, A; Ganapathy, PS; Ha, Y; Smith, SB, 2010)	0.36
" However, a systematic spectroscopic study on short-term exposure to corticosteroids, in a dosage sufficient to impair memory performance, is lacking."	( Effects of short-term stress-like cortisol on cerebral metabolism: a proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy study at 3.0 T. Bruhn, H; Scheel, M; Ströhle, A, 2010)	0.36
"There are limited data suggesting that methotrexate polyglutamate (MTXGlu) concentrations can guide MTX dosing in patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA)."	( Methotrexate polyglutamate concentrations are not associated with disease control in rheumatoid arthritis patients receiving long-term methotrexate therapy. Barclay, ML; Chapman, PT; Frampton, C; James, J; O'Donnell, JL; Stamp, LK; Zhang, M, 2010)	0.36
"The MTX dosage was significantly higher in patients in whom the swollen joint count and DAS28 were higher."	( Methotrexate polyglutamate concentrations are not associated with disease control in rheumatoid arthritis patients receiving long-term methotrexate therapy. Barclay, ML; Chapman, PT; Frampton, C; James, J; O'Donnell, JL; Stamp, LK; Zhang, M, 2010)	0.36
"NA-3,4-DCM, dosed systemically (intraperitoneally or per os), was capable of interfering with the development of mechanical hypernociception induced by intraplantar injection of carrageenan and complete Freund adjuvant in mice."	( N-antipyrine-3, 4-dichloromaleimide, an effective cyclic imide for the treatment of chronic pain: the role of the glutamatergic system. Antonialli, CS; Corrêa, R; da Silva, GF; de Campos-Buzzi, F; Filho, VC; Quintão, NL, 2010)	0.36
"The TRPV1 antagonist A-995662 demonstrates analgesic efficacy in monoiodoacetate-induced osteoarthritic (OA) pain in rat, and repeated dosing results in increased in vivo potency and a prolonged duration of action."	( A-995662 [(R)-8-(4-methyl-5-(4-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl)oxazol-2-ylamino)-1,2,3,4-tetrahydronaphthalen-2-ol], a novel, selective TRPV1 receptor antagonist, reduces spinal release of glutamate and CGRP in a rat knee joint pain model. Baker, SJ; Bianchi, BR; Faltynek, CR; Gauvin, DM; Han, P; Honore, P; Joshi, SK; Koenig, JR; Kort, ME; Kym, PR; Lewis, GR; Mikusa, JP; Neelands, TR; Perner, RJ; Puttfarcken, PS; Reilly, RM, 2010)	0.36
" Minimum therapeutic and maximum tolerated dosages of creatine are not yet known, nor is it known what systemic plasma concentrations result from specific dosage regimens."	( A phase I, pharmacokinetic, dosage escalation study of creatine monohydrate in subjects with amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. Atassi, N; Bombardier, J; Cudkowicz, M; Dibernardo, A; Eckenrode, J; Greenblatt, DJ; Pulley, D; Ratai, EM; Wallace, S; Zhao, Y, 2010)	0.36
" The study consisted of three experiments: The first was a dose-finding study of four different dosing regimens of magnesium sulfate (MgSO4) in healthy rats."	( Hypermagnesemia does not prevent intracranial hypertension and aggravates cerebral hyperperfusion in a rat model of acute hyperammonemia. Bernal, W; Bjerring, PN; Eefsen, M; Larsen, FS; Wendon, J, 2011)	0.37
"To improve the pharmacokinetics of granulocyte colony-stimulating factor (G-CSF) and decrease dosing frequency, polyethylene glycol polyglutamate block copolymers were used as delivery carriers."	( Prolonged circulation and in vivo efficacy of recombinant human granulocyte colony-stimulating factor encapsulated in polymeric micelles. Harada, M; Hayashi, T; Kato, Y; Ohuchi, M, 2011)	0.37
" The results indicate that pretreatment with Parawixin 10 prevents the onset of seizures induced with kainic acid, N-methyl-D-aspartate, and pentylenetetrazole in a dose-response manner."	( Neurobiological activity of Parawixin 10, a novel anticonvulsant compound isolated from Parawixia bistriata spider venom (Araneidae: Araneae). Beleboni, RO; Coutinho-Netto, J; Cunha, AO; dos Santos, WF; Fachim, HA; Gobbo-Neto, L; Lopes, NP; Pereira, AC, 2011)	0.37
" To test this, we tripled the dosage of one of these genes, the ubiquitin protein ligase Ube3a, which is expressed solely from the maternal allele in mature neurons, and reconstituted the three core autism traits in mice: defective social interaction, impaired communication, and increased repetitive stereotypic behavior."	( Increased gene dosage of Ube3a results in autism traits and decreased glutamate synaptic transmission in mice. Anderson, MP; Jin, Z; Smith, SE; Stoppel, DC; Zhang, G; Zhou, YD, 2011)	0.37
" Larger placebo-controlled studies are needed to ascertain optimal timing and dosing for memantine augmentation of lamotrigine in BD-D."	( Early antidepressant effect of memantine during augmentation of lamotrigine inadequate response in bipolar depression: a double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled trial. Anand, A; Barkay, G; Ghosh, S; Gunn, AD; Karne, HS; Mathew, SJ; Nurnberger, JI, 2012)	0.38
" In APP/PS1 mice, a murine model of AD, at 8 months of age the cerebellum is devoid of fibrillar Aβ, but dosage of soluble Aβ(1-42), the form which is more prone to aggregation, showed higher levels in this structure than in the forebrain."	( Excitability and synaptic alterations in the cerebellum of APP/PS1 mice. Boda, E; Hoxha, E; Montarolo, F; Parolisi, R; Tempia, F, 2012)	0.38
" Moreover, qualitative differences between heterozygous and homozygous neurons with respect to certain synaptic properties indicate that the abnormalities observed in homozygotes may reflect more than a simple gene dosage effect."	( Miniature release events of glutamate from hippocampal neurons are influenced by the dystonia-associated protein torsinA. Gonzalez-Alegre, P; Harata, NC; Iwabuchi, S; Kakazu, Y; Koh, JY, 2012)	0.38
" Taking as an example the experimental neurodegeneration caused by overactivation of glutamatergic synapses (excitotoxicity), it seems likely that protection of motor networks by riluzole involves selected administration timing and dosing to target processes for releasing glutamate from very active synapses or for dampening repetitive firing by hyperfunctional motor cells."	( Riluzole: what it does to spinal and brainstem neurons and how it does it. Cifra, A; Mazzone, GL; Nistri, A, 2013)	0.39
" Dose-response analyses revealed that mgl-2 has approximately a 15-20-fold lower affinity for glutamate and quisqualate compared to rat mGluR5."	( Orthosteric and allosteric drug binding sites in the Caenorhabditis elegans mgl-2 metabotropic glutamate receptor. Burns, AR; Hampson, DR; Roy, PJ; Tharmalingam, S, 2012)	0.38
" This finding might be of great significance regarding metronomic dosing when this synergistic approach is clinically implemented."	( Synergistic activities of a silver(I) glutamic acid complex and reactive oxygen species (ROS): a novel antimicrobial and chemotherapeutic agent. Batarseh, KI; Smith, MA, 2012)	0.38
" One compound of this series, (1R,2R)-N-(4-(6-isopropylpyridin-2-yl)-3-(2-methyl-2H-indazol-5-yl)isothiazol-5-yl)-2-methylcyclopropanecarboxamide (24), demonstrated satisfactory pharmacokinetic properties and, following oral dosing in rats, produced dose-dependent and long-lasting mGlu5 receptor occupancy."	( Discovery of (1R,2R)-N-(4-(6-isopropylpyridin-2-yl)-3-(2-methyl-2H-indazol-5-yl)isothiazol-5-yl)-2-methylcyclopropanecarboxamide, a potent and orally efficacious mGlu5 receptor negative allosteric modulator. Bracey-Walker, MR; Britton, TC; Catlow, JT; Clark, BP; Dehlinger, V; Dressman, BA; Fivush, AM; Hao, J; Heinz, BA; Henry, SS; Hollinshead, SP; Iyengar, S; Love, PL; Massey, SM; McKinzie, DL; Monn, JA; Peng, L; Peters, SC; Roberts, EF; Rudyk, HC; Simmons, RM; Swanson, S; Tepool, AD; Vokits, BP, 2013)	0.39
"Forty-eight Wistar rats were divided into 4 groups randomly:control group,low dosage group, moderate dosage group and high dosage group."	( [Effect of subchronic realgar exposure on Glu and Gln in infant rat brain]. Chang, B; Huo, TG; Jiang, H; Li, WK; Sun, GF; Yang, HL; Zhang, YH, 2012)	0.38
"The levels of MMA and DMA in brain increased as the dosage of realgar increased, while the second methylation index declined."	( [Effect of subchronic realgar exposure on Glu and Gln in infant rat brain]. Chang, B; Huo, TG; Jiang, H; Li, WK; Sun, GF; Yang, HL; Zhang, YH, 2012)	0.38
" In contrast, elevating the relative expression of Homer2b versus Homer1 within mPFC, by overexpressing Homer2b or knocking down Homer1c, shifted the dose-response function for cocaine-conditioned reward to the left, without affecting cocaine locomotion or sensitization."	( Imbalances in prefrontal cortex CC-Homer1 versus CC-Homer2 expression promote cocaine preference. Ary, AW; Ben-Shahar, O; Campbell, RR; Klugmann, M; Lominac, KD; Szumlinski, KK; von Jonquieres, G; Williams, AR; Wroten, MG, 2013)	0.39
" When NBI was administered prior to dosing with carb, the increase in DA, decrease in GABA, and biphasic effect on GLu was similar to that seen after dosing with carb only."	( S-(N, N-diethylcarbamoyl)glutathione (carbamathione), a disulfiram metabolite and its effect on nucleus accumbens and prefrontal cortex dopamine, GABA, and glutamate: a microdialysis study. Faiman, MD; Kaul, S; Latif, SA; Lunte, CE; Williams, TD, 2013)	0.39
" The dose-response curves of the Glu236 mutants tended to be shifted to the right."	( Conformational changes underlying pore dilation in the cytoplasmic domain of mammalian inward rectifier K+ channels. Inanobe, A; Kurachi, Y; Nakagawa, A, 2013)	0.39
" To establish whether these receptors are implicated in ALS, we generated mice expressing half dosage of mGluR1 in the SOD1(G93A) background (SOD1(G93A)Grm1(crv4/+)), by crossing the SOD1(G93A) mutant mouse with the Grm1(crv4/+) mouse, lacking mGluR1 because of a spontaneous recessive mutation."	( Knocking down metabotropic glutamate receptor 1 improves survival and disease progression in the SOD1(G93A) mouse model of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. Bonanno, G; Bonifacino, T; Carminati, E; Conti, F; Giribaldi, F; Melone, M; Milanese, M; Musante, I; Puliti, A; Rossi, PI; Vergani, L; Voci, A, 2014)	0.4
"4 mg/kg) produced a downward shift in the cocaine dose-response curve under a fixed ratio schedule of reinforcement and decreased the cocaine breaking point."	( On the role of adenosine (A)₂A receptors in cocaine-induced reward: a pharmacological and neurochemical analysis in rats. Filip, M; Fuxe, K; Gołembiowska, K; Kamińska, K; Suder, A; Wydra, K, 2015)	0.42
" In this study, dose-response of the SU-resistant accession was compared with that of a SU-susceptible accession at in vivo whole-plant level as well as at in vitro enzymatic level."	( Characterization of sulfonylurea-resistant Schoenoplectus juncoides having a target-site Asp(376)Glu mutation in the acetolactate synthase. Ikeda, H; Kizawa, S; Sada, Y; Yamato, S, 2013)	0.39
" Systemic nicotine given before the sample phase of the CMOR task reversed the ketamine-induced impairment, but this effect was blocked by co-administration of the GABAA receptor antagonist bicuculline at a dosage that itself did not cause impairment."	( α₄β₂ Nicotinic receptor stimulation of the GABAergic system within the orbitofrontal cortex ameliorates the severe crossmodal object recognition impairment in ketamine-treated rats: implications for cognitive dysfunction in schizophrenia. Cloke, JM; Winters, BD, 2015)	0.42
" Indeed, we and others have previously reported that treatment of adolescent rats with olanzapine (OLA; a widely prescribed AAPD) on postnatal days 28-49, under dosing conditions that approximate those employed therapeutically in humans, causes long-term behavioral and neurobiological perturbations."	( Olanzapine antipsychotic treatment of adolescent rats causes long term changes in glutamate and GABA levels in the nucleus accumbens. Frost, DO; Gullapalli, RP; Xu, S, 2015)	0.42
" SNP, a nitric oxide donor, produced a bell-shaped dose-response profile on scototaxis."	( Interactions between serotonin and glutamate-nitric oxide pathways in zebrafish scototaxis. Herculano, AM; Lima, MG; Maximino, C; Miranda, V; Puty, B, 2015)	0.42
" We show that for the rat chronically dosed with dexamethasone (an artificial glucocorticoid which induces a catabolic state) the model can be used to explain empirically observed facts such as the linear decline in intramuscular Gln and the drop in plasma glutamine."	( The role of skeletal muscle in liver glutathione metabolism during acetaminophen overdose. Bilinsky, LM; Nijhout, HF; Reed, MC, 2015)	0.42
" Problems to overcome for successfully leveraging glutamatergic agents for schizophrenia are patient selection, focus on positive symptoms and late disease stages, and dose-response relationships."	( Glutamatergic agents for schizophrenia: current evidence and perspectives. Correll, CU; Zink, M, 2015)	0.42
" Dose-response curve showed a biphasic pattern, with maximal stimulations observed at 10(-13) and 10(-10) mmol L(-1), that were sensitive to leptin receptor antagonist."	( Modulation of intestinal L-glutamate transport by luminal leptin. Barrenetxe, J; Ducroc, R; Fanjul, C; Lostao, MP, 2015)	0.42
" We demonstrated that histaminergic activity was regulated by group II metabotropic glutamate receptors (mGluR 2 and 3) using systemic dosing with mGluR 2/3 agonist and antagonists and an mGluR 2 positive allosteric modulator."	( Glutamatergic regulation of brain histamine neurons: In vivo microdialysis and electrophysiology studies in the rat. Dijkman, U; Fell, MJ; Flik, G; Folgering, JH; Johnson, BJ; Perry, KW; Svensson, KA; Westerink, BH, 2015)	0.42
" One week after injury, NSPCs were transplanted into the spinal cord and rats received either riluzole or vehicle treatment for two weeks (similar to the clinically accepted dosing regimen) at which time cords were processed for analysis."	( Evaluation of the effects of riluzole on adult spinal cord-derived neural stem/progenitor cells in vitro and in vivo. Hachem, LD; Mothe, AJ; Tator, CH, 2015)	0.42
" The dose-response analyses revealed dual effects of NS1376."	( A novel dualistic profile of an allosteric AMPA receptor modulator identified through studies on recombinant receptors, mouse hippocampal synapses and crystal structures. Christiansen, GB; Egebjerg, J; Frydenvang, K; Gouliaev, AH; Harbak, B; Hede, SE; Holm, MM; Kastrup, JS; Olsen, L, 2015)	0.42
" These actions translated into amelioration of spatial and visual memory impairments in a mouse model of closed head mild TBI (mTBI) two days following cessation of clinically translatable dosing with phenserine (2."	( Cognitive Impairments Induced by Concussive Mild Traumatic Brain Injury in Mouse Are Ameliorated by Treatment with Phenserine via Multiple Non-Cholinergic and Cholinergic Mechanisms. Barak, S; Becker, KG; Becker, RE; Fukui, K; Greig, NH; Hoffer, BJ; Holloway, HW; Lehrmann, E; Li, Y; Luo, Y; Perez, E; Pick, CG; Rubovitch, V; Tamargo, IA; Tweedie, D; Van Praag, H; Wood, WH; Yu, QS; Zhang, Y, 2016)	0.43
" In the present work, using whole-cell patch-clamp techniques in rat retinal slice preparations, we further demonstrate that SKF of higher dosage (50μM) significantly suppressed AMPA receptor (AMPAR)-mediated light-evoked excitatory postsynaptic currents (L-EPSCs) of retinal ON-type GCs (ON GCs), and the effect was reversed by the σR1 antagonist BD1047, suggesting the involvement of σR1."	( Activation of the sigma receptor 1 modulates AMPA receptor-mediated light-evoked excitatory postsynaptic currents in rat retinal ganglion cells. Deng, QQ; Liu, LL; Weng, SJ; Yang, XL; Zhong, YM, 2016)	0.43
" Both biochemical and morphological studies clearly revealed that chrysin protects against cell injury induced by ammonia intoxication in a dose-response manner with respect to endogenous antioxidants and hypoammonemic effects."	( Chrysin, a flavonoid attenuates histological changes of hyperammonemic rats: A dose dependent study. Ramakrishnan, A; Renuka, M; Vijayakumar, N, 2016)	0.43
" ICU-records were retrospectively scrutinised including hourly registration of inotropic drug infusion, dosage and total duration during the operation and postoperatively."	( Post hoc analysis of the glutamics-trial: intravenous glutamate infusion and use of inotropic drugs after cabg. Friberg, Ö; Håkanson, E; Holm, J; Svedjeholm, R; Tajik, B; Vanky, F; Vidlund, M, 2016)	0.43
" jatamansi drug (oral dosage of 500 mg/kg body weight for 14 days) in ketamine-administered male Wistar albino rats (30 mg/kg body weight for 5 days) on modulating behaviour and the level of neurotransmitters like dopamine and glutamate was studied in whole-brain homogenates, and its influence on BDNF and TrkB levels in 2 relevant brain regions, the hippocampus and prefrontal cortex, was assessed."	( Nardostachys jatamansi Targets BDNF-TrkB to Alleviate Ketamine-Induced Schizophrenia-Like Symptoms in Rats. Janardhanan, A; Sadanand, A; Vanisree, AJ, 2016)	0.43
" Fundamental questions remain regarding the future prospects of this line of drug development, including questions concerning safety and tolerability, efficacy, dose-response relationships and therapeutic mechanisms."	( Targeting glutamate signalling in depression: progress and prospects. Abdallah, CG; Mathew, SJ; Murrough, JW, 2017)	0.46
" For this reason, performing dose-response curves is crucial to understand physiological and pathophysiological phenomena, and to predict the effect of a drug."	( Physiological and pathological processes of synaptic plasticity and memory in drug discovery: Do not forget the dose-response curve. Argyrousi, EK; Gulisano, W; Palmeri, A; Prickaerts, J; Puzzo, D; Van Goethem, NP, 2017)	0.46
" When dosed systemically in swine, 13d provided a 15-fold enhanced CSF-to-plasma ratio and a 9-fold enhanced brain-to-plasma ratio relative to 14, opening a possible clinical path for the treatment of HAND."	( N-(Pivaloyloxy)alkoxy-carbonyl Prodrugs of the Glutamine Antagonist 6-Diazo-5-oxo-l-norleucine (DON) as a Potential Treatment for HIV Associated Neurocognitive Disorders. Alt, J; Brandacher, G; Chao, W; Dash, RP; Furtmüller, G; Gadiano, AJ; Garrett, C; Hadas, E; Jančařík, A; Kelschenbach, J; Kim, BH; Majer, P; Nedelcovych, MT; Oh, B; Prchalová, E; Rais, R; Slusher, BS; Tenora, L; Volsky, DJ; Zimmermann, SC, 2017)	0.46
"Chronic dosing of clavulanic acid alleviates neuropathic pain in rats and up-regulates glutamate transporters both in vitro and in vivo."	( The β-lactam clavulanic acid mediates glutamate transport-sensitive pain relief in a rat model of neuropathic pain. Bjerrum, OJ; Gegelashvili, G; Heegaard, AM; Kristensen, PJ; Munro, G, 2018)	0.48
" Here, we report that repeated dosing of recombinant GOT type 1, with the glutamate co-substrate oxaloacetate, could induce a persistent enhancement of serum level of GOT and reverse the disruption of synaptic plasticity 4 days after the induction of TBI in rats."	( Blood-Based Glutamate Scavengers Reverse Traumatic Brain Injury-Induced Synaptic Plasticity Disruption by Decreasing Glutamate Level in Hippocampus Interstitial Fluid, but Not Cerebral Spinal Fluid, In Vivo. Jia, W; Wang, L; Xiao, M; Zhang, D, 2019)	0.51
" The release test testified the constructed the delivery system had realized long-term release in which the peptides dosage could be detected by the BCA protein assay kit after 10 days compared with BMP-2 proteins which absorbed on the same α-TCP 3D porous scaffolds."	( Improvement of calcium phosphate scaffold osteogenesis in vitro via combination of glutamate-modified BMP-2 peptides. Bao, N; Cao, Q; Fan, G; He, Z; Sun, WQ; Ye, T; Zhao, J, 2019)	0.51
" Reduction in the magnitude of the excitatory post-synaptic currents by endogenous 5-HT was interpolated in the dose-response curve elicited by exogenous 5-HT, yielding that citalopram raised the extracellular 5-HT concentration to 823 nM."	( Citalopram reduces glutamatergic synaptic transmission in the auditory cortex via activation of 5-HT1A receptors. Aguilar-Magaña, D; Atzori, M; Canto-Bustos, M; Cervantes-Ramírez, V; Góngora-Alfaro, JL; Pérez-Padilla, EA; Pineda, JC; Salgado, H, 2019)	0.51
" Moreover, increases in extracellular glutamate concentration exhibited a linear relationship with decreases in CBF after the loss of membrane potential in the severe-low-flow group, and the percentage of damaged neurons exhibited a dose-response relationship with the extracellular glutamate concentration."	( Extracellular Glutamate Concentration Increases Linearly in Proportion to Decreases in Residual Cerebral Blood Flow After the Loss of Membrane Potential in a Rat Model of Ischemia. Fushimi, M; Kawase, H; Mizoue, R; Morimatsu, H; Murai, S; Sato, S; Takeda, Y, 2021)	0.62
" The technique developed by UV-vis spectrophotometry for glutamate dosing was fast, efficient, easy to perform, and more economically accessible when compared to current standard techniques."	( Application of the UV-vis spectrophotometry method for the determination of glutamate in the cerebrospinal fluid of rats. Corrêa, DS; da Silva, CA; de Souza, AH; Ferreira, CP; Rebelo, IN; Techera Antunes, FT; Vilanova, FN, 2020)	0.56
" The effects of radiation crosslinking dosage on gel fraction, swelling ratio, tensile strength and surface morphology were investigated."	( Preparation of gelatin/poly (γ-glutamic acid) hydrogels with stimulated response by hot-pressing preassembly and radiation crosslinking. An, Y; Huang, W; Jiang, B; Liu, B; Wang, N; Yang, G; Yin, Y, 2020)	0.56
" The latter was tested in sequential dose-response experiments in broiler chickens."	( Efficacy of l-glutamic acid, N,N-diacetic acid to improve the dietary trace mineral bioavailability in broilers. Boerboom, GM; Busink, R; Hendriks, WH; Martín-Tereso, J; Smits, CH, 2020)	0.56
" This dosage of CPF does not inhibit brain cholinesterase activity but inhibits FAAH activity."	( Persistent proteomic changes in glutamatergic and GABAergic signaling in the amygdala of adolescent rats exposed to chlorpyrifos as juveniles. Alugubelly, N; Carr, RL; Mohammed, AN, 2021)	0.62
" We found that rats with SR58611A (1 mg/kg) enhanced PFC-mediated recognition memory, whereas administration of higher dosage of SR58611A (20 mg/kg) caused hyperlocomotion, and exhibited an impairment effect on recognition memory."	( β3-adrenoceptor activation exhibits a dual effect on behaviors and glutamate receptor function in the prefrontal cortex. Luo, F; Su, YX; Sun, X; Wang, X; Zheng, J; Zhou, HC, 2021)	0.62
" We explored this genetic modification in homozygotes, heterozygotes and combined with the Dp(16Lipi-Zbtb21)1Yey trisomic mouse model to unravel the consequence of Dyrk1a dosage from 0 to 3, to understand its role in normal physiology, and in MRD7 and DS."	( Dyrk1a gene dosage in glutamatergic neurons has key effects in cognitive deficits observed in mouse models of MRD7 and Down syndrome. Birling, MC; Brault, V; Flores-Gutiérrez, J; Garbis, SD; Hérault, Y; Iacono, G; Lalanne, V; Lindner, L; Manousopoulou, A; Meziane, H; Nguyen, TL; Pavlovic, G; Selloum, M; Sorg, T; Yu, E, 2021)	0.62
" The data indicated that exposure to AIE resulted in a significant leftward and upward shift in the dose-response curve for an increase in dopamine in the AcbSh following EtOH microinjection into the posterior VTA."	( Adolescent Intermittent Ethanol (AIE) Enhances the Dopaminergic Response to Ethanol within the Mesolimbic Pathway during Adulthood: Alterations in Cholinergic/Dopaminergic Genes Expression in the Nucleus Accumbens Shell. Bell, RL; Engleman, EA; Hauser, SR; Mulholland, PJ; Rodd, ZA; Truitt, WA; Waeiss, RA, 2021)	0.62
" Microinjections of TFB-TBOA into the NAc, but not the ventral tegmental area (VTA), or dorsal striatum (DS), dose-dependently inhibited cocaine self-administration under fixed-ratio and progressive-ratio (PR) reinforcement schedules, shifted the cocaine dose-response curve downward, and inhibited intracranial BSR."	( Elevation of Extracellular Glutamate by Blockade of Astrocyte Glutamate Transporters Inhibits Cocaine Reinforcement in Rats via a NMDA-GluN2B Receptor Mechanism. Bi, GH; Gardner, EL; He, Y; Hempel, BJ; Xi, ZX; Yang, HJ; Zhang, HY, 2022)	0.72
"To describe the management and outcome of a dog following a 10-fold dosing error of vincristine."	( Successful management and recovery of a dog with immune-mediated thrombocytopenia following vincristine overdose. Blong, AE; Poirier, M; Walton, RAL, 2022)	0.72

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Product	Brand	Category	Compounds Matched from Ingredients	Date Retrieved
Allergy Research Group Multi-Vi-Min -- 150 Capsules	Allergy Research Group	Professional Supplements	Biotin, Boron, Vitamin D3, Chromium, Vitamin E, Folic Acid, Vitamin E, Glutamic Acid, Manganese, Molybdenum, Niacin, Pantothenic Acid, Vitamin B6, Vitamin A, Riboflavin, Selenium, Thiamin, Vitamin B12, Vitamin B6	2024-11-29 10:47:42
Allergy Research Group Multi-Vi-Min without Copper & Iron -- 150 Vegetarian Capsules	Allergy Research Group	Professional Supplements	PABA, Vitamin C, Biotin, Boron, Vitamin D3, Chromium, Vitamin E, Folic Acid, Vitamin E, Glutamic Acid, Manganese, Molybdenum, Niacin, PABA, Pantothenic Acid, Vitamin B6, Vitamin A, Riboflavin, Selenium, Thiamin, Vanadium, Vitamin B12, Vitamin B6	2024-11-29 10:47:42
Allergy Research Group MultiMin -- 120 Vegetarian Capsules	Allergy Research Group	Professional Supplements	Boron, Chromium, Glutamic Acid, Manganese, Molybdenum, Selenium, Vanadium	2024-11-29 10:47:42
ALLMAX Nutrition ALLWHEY CLASSIC Pure Whey Protein Blend Chocolate Peanut Butter -- 5 lbs	ALLMAX Nutrition	Active Lifestyle & Fitness	L-Alanine, L-Aspartic Acid, L-Cysteine, L-Glutamic Acid, L-Glycine, L-Histidine, L-Lysine, L-Phenylalanine, L-Serine	2024-11-29 10:47:42
ALLMAX Nutrition ALLWHEY Gold Premium Isolate-Whey Protein Blend Chocolate -- 5 lbs	ALLMAX Nutrition	Active Lifestyle & Fitness	L-Alanine, L-Aspartic Acid, L-Cysteine, L-Glutamic Acid, L-Glycine, L-Histidine, L-Isoleucine, L-Lysine, L-Phenylalanine, L-Serine, L-Valine	2024-11-29 10:47:42
ALLMAX Nutrition ALLWHEY® CLASSIC Pure Whey Protein Blend Chocolate -- 5 lbs	ALLMAX Nutrition	Active Lifestyle & Fitness	L-Alanine, L-Aspartic Acid, L-Cysteine, L-Glutamic Acid, L-Glycine, L-Histidine, L-Lysine, L-Phenylalanine, L-Serine	2024-11-29 10:47:42
ALLMAX Nutrition Classic AllWhey® 100% Whey Protein Source Vanilla -- 5 lbs	ALLMAX Nutrition	Active Lifestyle & Fitness	L-Alanine, L-Aspartic Acid, L-Cysteine, L-Glutamic Acid, L-Glycine, L-Histidine, L-Lysine, L-Phenylalanine, L-Serine	2024-11-29 10:47:42
ALLMAX Nutrition Gold AllWhey Premium Whey Protein Powder French Vanilla -- 5 lbs	ALLMAX Nutrition	Active Lifestyle & Fitness	L-Alanine, L-Aspartic Acid, L-Cysteine, L-Glutamic Acid, L-Glycine, L-Histidine, L-Isoleucine, L-Lysine, L-Phenylalanine, L-Serine, L-Valine	2024-11-29 10:47:42
ALLMAX Nutrition IsoFlex Pure Whey Protein Isolate Banana -- 2 lbs	ALLMAX Nutrition	Active Lifestyle & Fitness	L-Alanine, L-Aspartic Acid, L-Cysteine, L-Glutamic Acid, L-Glycine, L-Histidine, L-Isoleucine, L-Lysine, L-Phenylalanine, L-Serine, L-Valine	2024-11-29 10:47:42
ALLMAX Nutrition IsoFlex Pure Whey Protein Isolate Chocolate -- 5 lbs	ALLMAX Nutrition	Active Lifestyle & Fitness	L-Alanine, L-Aspartic Acid, L-Cysteine, L-Glutamic Acid, L-Glycine, L-Histidine, L-Isoleucine, L-Lysine, L-Phenylalanine, L-Serine, L-Valine	2024-11-29 10:47:42
ALLMAX Nutrition IsoFlex Pure Whey Protein Isolate Chocolate Peanut Butter -- 2 lbs	ALLMAX Nutrition	Active Lifestyle & Fitness	L-Alanine, L-Aspartic Acid, L-Cysteine, L-Glutamic Acid, L-Glycine, L-Histidine, L-Isoleucine, L-Lysine, L-Phenylalanine, L-Serine, L-Valine	2024-11-29 10:47:42
ALLMAX Nutrition IsoFlex Pure Whey Protein Isolate Peanut Butter Chocolate -- 5 lbs	ALLMAX Nutrition	Active Lifestyle & Fitness	L-Alanine, L-Aspartic Acid, L-Cysteine, L-Glutamic Acid, L-Glycine, L-Histidine, L-Isoleucine, L-Lysine, L-Phenylalanine, L-Serine, L-Valine	2024-11-29 10:47:42
ALLMAX Nutrition IsoFlex Pure Whey Protein Isolate Strawberry -- 5 lbs	ALLMAX Nutrition	Active Lifestyle & Fitness	L-Alanine, Vitamin C, L-Aspartic Acid, L-Cysteine, L-Glutamic Acid, L-Glycine, L-Histidine, L-Isoleucine, L-Lysine, L-Phenylalanine, L-Serine, L-Valine	2024-11-29 10:47:42
ALLMAX Nutrition IsoFlex Pure Whey Protein Isolate Vanilla -- 5 lbs	ALLMAX Nutrition	Active Lifestyle & Fitness	L-Alanine, L-Aspartic Acid, L-Cysteine, L-Glutamic Acid, L-Glycine, L-Histidine, L-Isoleucine, L-Lysine, L-Phenylalanine, L-Serine, L-Valine	2024-11-29 10:47:42
ALLMAX Nutrition Isoflex Whey Protein Isolate Chocolate -- 0.9 lbs	ALLMAX Nutrition	Active Lifestyle & Fitness	L-Alanine, L-Aspartic Acid, L-Cysteine, L-Glutamic Acid, L-Glycine, L-Histidine, L-Isoleucine, L-Lysine, L-Phenylalanine, L-Serine, L-Valine	2024-11-29 10:47:42
ALLMAX Nutrition Isoflex Whey Protein Isolate Vanilla -- 0.9 lbs	ALLMAX Nutrition	Active Lifestyle & Fitness	L-Alanine, L-Aspartic Acid, L-Cysteine, L-Glutamic Acid, L-Glycine, L-Histidine, L-Isoleucine, L-Lysine, L-Phenylalanine, L-Serine, L-Valine	2024-11-29 10:47:42
Amazing Muscle Whey Protein Isolate & Concentrate Chocolate -- 2 lbs	Amazing Muscle	Active Lifestyle & Fitness	L-Alanine, Vitamin C, L-Aspartic Acid, L-Cystine, L-Glutamic Acid, L-Glycine, L-Histidine, Vitamin A, L-Serine	2024-11-29 10:47:42
Amazing Muscle Whey Protein Isolate & Concentrate Strawberry -- 2 lbs	Amazing Muscle	Active Lifestyle & Fitness	L-Alanine, Vitamin C, L-Aspartic Acid, L-Cystine, L-Glutamic Acid, L-Glycine, L-Histidine, Vitamin A, L-Serine	2024-11-29 10:47:42
Amazing Muscle Whey Protein Isolate & Concentrate Vanilla -- 2 lbs	Amazing Muscle	Active Lifestyle & Fitness	L-Alanine, Vitamin C, L-Aspartic Acid, L-Cystine, L-Glutamic Acid, L-Glycine, L-Histidine, Vitamin A, L-Serine	2024-11-29 10:47:42
Amazing Nutrition Grass Fed Whey Protein Unflavored -- 2 lbs	Amazing Nutrition	Active Lifestyle & Fitness	Alanine, Arginine, Aspartic Acid, Cystine, Glutamic Acid, Glycine, Proline, Serine, Sugar, Tyrosine	2024-11-29 10:47:42
AnabolNaturals Amino Balance -- 3.53 oz	AnabolNaturals	Active Lifestyle & Fitness	L-5-Hydroxy-Tryptophan, L-Alanine, L-Aspartic Acid, L-Cystine, L-Glutamic Acid, L-Glutamine, Glycine, L-Histidine, L-Isoleucine, L-Lysine, L-Phenylalanine, Vitamin B6, Serine, Taurine, L-Valine, Vitamin B6	2024-11-29 10:47:42
Ancient Nutrition Multi Collagen Advanced - Lean -- 90 Capsules	Ancient Nutrition	Vitamins & Supplements	Alanine, Arginine, Aspartic Acid, Cystine, Glutamic Acid, Glycine, Histidine, Hydroxylysine, Hydroxyproline, Proline, Serine, Tryptophan, Tyrosine	2024-11-29 10:47:42
Animal 100% Whey Protein Chocolate Fudge -- 4 lbs	Animal	Active Lifestyle & Fitness	Alanine, Arginine, Aspartic Acid, Cystine, Glutamic Acid, Glutamine, Glycine, Histidine, Isoleucine, Leucine, Lysine, Methionine, Phenylalanine, Proline, Serine, Threonine, Tryptophan, Tyrosine, Valine	2024-11-29 10:47:42
Animal 100% Whey Protein Classic Vanilla -- 28.8 oz	Animal	Active Lifestyle & Fitness	Alanine, Arginine, Aspartic Acid, Cystine, Glutamic Acid, Glutamine, Glycine, Histidine, Isoleucine, Leucine, Lysine, Methionine, Phenylalanine, Proline, Serine, Threonine, Tryptophan, Tyrosine, Valine	2024-11-29 10:47:42
Animal 100% Whey Protein Classic Vanilla -- 4 lbs	Animal	Active Lifestyle & Fitness	Alanine, Arginine, Aspartic Acid, Cystine, Glutamic Acid, Glutamine, Glycine, Histidine, Isoleucine, Leucine, Lysine, Methionine, Phenylalanine, Proline, Serine, Threonine, Tryptophan, Tyrosine, Valine	2024-11-29 10:47:42
Animal PAK - The Ultimate Training Pack -- 30 Packs	Animal	Active Lifestyle & Fitness	Lipase, Alanine, Arginine, Vitamin C, Aspartic Acid, Biotin, Carnitine, Choline, Chromium, Coenzyme Q10, Cystine, Vitamin E, Folate, Vitamin E, Glutamic Acid, Glutamine, Glycine, Histidine, Hydroxyproline, Inositol, Iodine, Isoleucine, Leucine, Lutein, Lycopene, Lysine, Manganese, menaquinone-4, Methionine, Niacin, Ornithine, Pantothenic Acid, Phenylalanine, Phosphorus, Proline, Vitamin B6, Vitamin A, Riboflavin, Selenium, Serine, L-Taurine, Thiamin, Alpha Lipoic Acid, Threonine, Tryptophan, Tyrosine, Valine, Vitamin B12, Vitamin B6, phytonadione, Vitamin K	2024-11-29 10:47:42
Animal PAK - The Ultimate Training Pack -- 44 Packs	Animal	Active Lifestyle & Fitness	Lipase, Alanine, Arginine, Vitamin C, Aspartic Acid, Biotin, Carnitine, Choline, Chromium, Coenzyme Q10, Cystine, Vitamin E, Folate, Vitamin E, Glutamic Acid, Glutamine, Glycine, Histidine, Hydroxyproline, Inositol, Iodine, Isoleucine, Leucine, Lutein, Lycopene, Lysine, Manganese, menaquinone-4, Methionine, Niacin, Ornithine, Pantothenic Acid, Phenylalanine, Phosphorus, Proline, Vitamin B6, Vitamin A, Riboflavin, Selenium, Serine, L-Taurine, Thiamin, Alpha Lipoic Acid, Threonine, Tryptophan, Tyrosine, Valine, Vitamin B12, Vitamin B6, phytonadione, Vitamin K	2024-11-29 10:47:42
Balanced Greens Pea Protein Unflavored -- 27 Servings	Balanced Greens	Active Lifestyle & Fitness	Alanine, Arginine, Aspartic Acid, Cysteine, Glutamic Acid, Glycine, Histidine, Isoleucine, Leucine, Lysine, Methionine, Phenylalanine, Proline, Serine, Threonine, Tryptophan, Tyrosine, Valine	2024-11-29 10:47:42
Beverly International Super Pak -- 30 Packets	Beverly International	Active Lifestyle & Fitness	Para-Aminobenzoic Acid, Vitamin C, Betaine HCl, Biotin, Chloride, Vitamin D3, Choline, Chromium, Vitamin E, Folate, Vitamin E, L-Glutamic Acid, Pepsin, Inositol, Iodine, Manganese, Niacin, Pantothenic Acid, Vitamin B6, Vitamin A, Riboflavin, Rutin, Selenium, Thiamin, Vitamin B12, Vitamin B6	2024-11-29 10:47:42
Biochem Sports 100% Vegan Protein Chocolate -- 27.3 oz	Biochem Sports	Weight Management	Alanine, Arginine, Aspartic Acid, Cystine, Glutamic Acid, Glycine, Histidine, Isoleucine, Leucine, Lysine, Methionine, Phenylalanine, Proline, Serine, Threonine, Tryptophan, Tyrosine, Valine	2024-11-29 10:47:42
Biochem Sports 100% Vegan Protein Vanilla -- 12.2 oz	Biochem Sports	Weight Management	Alanine, Arginine, Aspartic Acid, Cystine, Glutamic Acid, Glycine, Histidine, Isoleucine, Lysine, Methionine, Phenylalanine, Proline, Serine, Threonine, Tryptophan, Tyrosine, Valine	2024-11-29 10:47:42
Biochem Sports 100% Vegan Protein Vanilla -- 24.4 oz	Biochem Sports	Weight Management	Alanine, Arginine, Aspartic Acid, Cystine, Glutamic Acid, Glycine, Histidine, Isoleucine, Leucine, Lysine, Methionine, Phenylalanine, Proline, Serine, Threonine, Tryptophan, Tyrosine, Valine	2024-11-29 10:47:42
Biochem Sports 100% Whey Isolate Protein Chocolate -- 30.9 oz	Biochem Sports	Active Lifestyle & Fitness	Alanine, Arginine, Aspartic Acid, Cystine, Glutamic Acid, Glycine, Histidine, Isoleucine, Leucine, Lysine, Methionine, Phenylalanine, Phosphorus, Proline, Serine, Threonine, Tryptophan, Tyrosine, Valine	2024-11-29 10:47:42
Biochem Sports 100% Whey Protein Powder Sugar-Free Vanilla -- 11.8 oz	Biochem Sports	Active Lifestyle & Fitness	Alanine, Arginine, Vitamin C, Aspartic Acid, Cystine, Glutamic Acid, Glycine, Histidine, Isoleucine, Leucine, Lysine, Methionine, Phenylalanine, Proline, Vitamin A, Serine, Threonine, Tryptophan, Tyrosine, Valine	2024-11-29 10:47:42
BioOptimal Collagen Capsules -- 180 Capsules	BioOptimal	Vitamins & Supplements	Alanine, Arginine, Aspartic Acid, Glutamic Acid, Glycine, Histidine, Hydroxyproline, Isoleucine, Leucine, Lysine, Methionine, Phenylalanine, Proline, Serine, Threonine, Tyrosine, Valine	2024-11-29 10:47:42
BioOptimal Collagen Powder -- 10.58 oz	BioOptimal	Vitamins & Supplements	Alanine, Arginine, Aspartic Acid, Glutamic Acid, Glycine, Histidine, Hydroxylysine, Hydroxyproline, Isoleucine, Leucine, Lysine, Methionine, Phenylalanine, Proline, Serine, Threonine, Tyrosine, Valine	2024-11-29 10:47:42
BioOptimal Collagen Powder -- 15.87 oz	BioOptimal	Vitamins & Supplements	Alanine, Arginine, Aspartic Acid, Glutamic Acid, Glycine, Histidine, Hydroxylysine, Hydroxyproline, Isoleucine, Leucine, Lysine, Methionine, Phenylalanine, Proline, Serine, Threonine, Tyrosine, Valine	2024-11-29 10:47:42
BioSchwartz Collagen Peptides Bio+ Powder Unflavored -- 16 oz	BioSchwartz	Vitamins & Supplements	Alanine, Arginine, Aspartic Acid, Glutamic Acid, Glycine, Hydroxylysine, Hydroxyproline, Serine, Tyrosine	2024-11-29 10:47:42
Bluebonnet Nutrition 100% Natural Whey Protein Isolate Natural Chocolate -- 2 lbs	Bluebonnet Nutrition	Active Lifestyle & Fitness	Alanine, Arginine, Aspartic Acid, Chloride, Glutamic Acid, Glycine, Histidine, Isoleucine, Leucine, Lysine, Methionine, Phenylalanine, Phosphorus, Proline, Serine, Threonine, Tryptophan, Tyrosine, Valine	2024-11-29 10:47:42
Bluebonnet Nutrition 100% Natural Whey Protein Isolate Natural French Vanilla -- 2 lbs	Bluebonnet Nutrition	Active Lifestyle & Fitness	Alanine, Arginine, Aspartic Acid, Glutamic Acid, Glycine, Histidine, Isoleucine, Leucine, Lysine, Methionine, Phenylalanine, Phosphorus, Proline, Serine, Sugar, Threonine, Tryptophan, Tyrosine, Valine	2024-11-29 10:47:42
Bluebonnet Nutrition 100% Natural Whey Protein Isolate Natural Original -- 2.2 lbs	Bluebonnet Nutrition	Active Lifestyle & Fitness	Alanine, Arginine, Aspartic Acid, Glutamic Acid, Glycine, Histidine, Isoleucine, Leucine, Lysine, Methionine, Phenylalanine, Phosphorus, Proline, Serine, Sugar, Threonine, Tryptophan, Tyrosine, Valine	2024-11-29 10:47:42
CeliAct Optimizing Nutrition for People with Celiac Disease -- 180 Tablets	CeliAct	Vitamins & Supplements	Lipase, Para Aminobenzoic Acid, Vitamin C, Biotin, Boron, Chromium, Vitamin E, Folic Acid, Vitamin E, L-Glutamic Acid, Inositol, Manganese, Molybdenum, Niacin, Pantothenic Acid, Vitamin B6, Vitamin A, Vitamin B2, Selenium, Vitamin B1, Vanadium, Vitamin B12, Vitamin B6, Vitamin K1	2024-11-29 10:47:42
Codeage Keto Collagen Protein Powder Chocolate - Hydrolyzed Multi Collagen Peptides + MCT Oil -- 18.17 oz	Codeage	Professional Supplements	Alanine, Arginine, Aspartic Acid, Glutamic Acid, Glycine, Hydroxylysine, Hydroxyproline, Proline, Serine, Tyrosine	2024-11-29 10:47:42
Codeage Marine Collagen Peptides Powder - Hydrolyzed Fish Collagen Protein Supplement -- 15.87 oz	Codeage	Professional Supplements	Alanine, Arginine, Aspartic Acid, Glutamic Acid, Glycerin, Hydroxylysine, Proline, Serine, Tyrosine	2024-11-29 10:47:42
Codeage Multi Collagen Peptides + Hyaluronic Acid Powder Supplement Vitamin C & Probiotic Unflavored -- 10.58 oz	Codeage	Professional Supplements	Alanine, Arginine, Vitamin C, Aspartic Acid, Glutamic Acid, Glycine, Hydroxylysine, Proline, Serine, Tyrosine, Valine	2024-11-29 10:47:42
Codeage Multi Collagen Peptides Powder - Grass-Fed Hydrolyzed Collagen Protein Unflavored -- 20 oz	Codeage	Professional Supplements	Alanine, Arginine, Aspartic Acid, Glutamic Acid, Glycine, Hydroxylysine, Hydroxyproline, Proline, Serine, Tyrosine	2024-11-29 10:47:42
Codeage Multi Collagen Peptides Powder-Biotin 10000 mcg-Keratin-Hyaluronic Acid-Vitamin C - Hydrolyzed Collagen Protein -- 11.5 oz	Codeage	Professional Supplements	Alanine, Arginine, Vitamin C, Aspartic Acid, Biotin, Vitamin D3, Glutamic Acid, Glycine, Hydroxylysine, Hydroxyproline, Niacin, Pantothenic Acid, Proline, Vitamin B6, Serine, Tyrosine, Vitamin B6	2024-11-29 10:47:42
Daeng Gi Meo Ri Hair Treatment Ginseng Blossom -- 24 fl oz	Daeng Gi Meo Ri	Beauty & Personal Care	butylene glycol, cetearyl alcohol, glutamic acid, sodium benzoate, stearyl alcohol	2024-11-29 10:47:42
Daeng Gi Meo Ri Hair Treatment Rice Water -- 13.5 fl oz	Daeng Gi Meo Ri	Beauty & Personal Care	butylene glycol, isopropyl alcohol, citric acid, benzyl benzoate, benzyl salicylate, cetyl alcohol, citric acid, citronellol, cyclopentasiloxane, lauryl alcohol, glutamic acid, dimethicone, butylphenyl methylpropional, linalool, myristyl alcohol, phenoxyethanol, sodium benzoate, stearyl alcohol	2024-11-29 10:47:42
DaVinci Laboratories Amino 21™ -- 90 Capsules	DaVinci Laboratories	Professional Supplements	L-Alanine, L-Aspartic Acid, L-Cystine, Glutamic Acid, L-Glutamine, L-Glycine, L-Isoleucine, DL-Phenylalanine, L-Serine, L-Taurine, Tyrosine, L-Valine	2024-11-29 10:47:42
DaVinci Laboratories Spectra™ Senior Multi -- 180 Tablets	DaVinci Laboratories	Professional Supplements	lipase, Octacosanol, PABA, Vitamin C, L-Aspartic Acid, Betaine HCl, Biotin, Boron, Vitamin D3, Choline, Chromium, Coenzyme Q10, L-Cysteine, Vitamin E, Folic Acid, Gamma Linolenic Acid, Vitamin E, Glutamic Acid, Hesperidin, Inositol, Iodine, Lutein, Lycopene, Manganese, Molybdenum, Niacin, PABA, Pantothenic Acid, Vitamin B6, Vitamin A, Riboflavin, Rutin, Selenium, Silicon, Thiamin, Alpha-Lipoic Acid, Vanadium, Vitamin B12, Vitamin B6, Vitamin K1	2024-11-29 10:47:42
Designer Wellness 100% Whey Protein Powder Designer Whey with Probiotics French Vanilla -- 4 lbs	Designer Wellness	Active Lifestyle & Fitness	Alanine, Arginine, Aspartic Acid, Cysteine, Glutamic Acid, Glycine, Histidine, Isoleucine, Leucine, Lysine, Methionine, Pantothenic Acid, Phenylalanine, Phosphorus, Proline, Vitamin B6, Riboflavin, Serine, Thiamin, Threonine, Tryptophane, Tyrosine, Valine, Vitamin B6	2024-11-29 10:47:42
Designer Wellness 100% Whey Protein Powder Designer Whey with Probiotics Gourmet Chocolate -- 4 lbs	Designer Wellness	Active Lifestyle & Fitness	Alanine, Arginine, Aspartic Acid, Cysteine, Glutamic Acid, Glycine, Histidine, Isoleucine, Leucine, Lysine, Methionine, Pantothenic Acid, Phenylalanine, Phosphorus, Proline, Vitamin B6, Riboflavin, Serine, Thiamin, Threonine, Tryptophane, Tyrosine, Valine, Vitamin B6	2024-11-29 10:47:42
Designer Wellness Designer Natural 100% Whey Protein Powder Double Chocolate -- 2 lbs	Designer Wellness	Active Lifestyle & Fitness	Alanine, Arginine, Aspartic Acid, Cysteine, Glutamic Acid, Glycine, Histidine, Isoleucine, Leucine, Lysine, Methionine, Pantothenic Acid, Phenylalanine, Phosphorus, Proline, Vitamin B6, Riboflavin, Serine, Thiamin, Tryptophane, Tyrosine, Valine, Vitamin B6	2024-11-29 10:47:42
Designer Wellness Designer Natural 100% Whey Protein Powder French Vanilla -- 2 lbs	Designer Wellness	Active Lifestyle & Fitness	Alanine, Arginine, Aspartic Acid, Cysteine, Glutamic Acid, Glycine, Histidine, Isoleucine, Leucine, Lysine, Methionine, Pantothenic Acid, Phenylalanine, Phosphorus, Proline, Vitamin B6, Riboflavin, Serine, Thiamin, Threonine, Tryptophan, Tyrosine, Valine, Vitamin B6	2024-11-29 10:47:42
Designer Wellness Designer Natural 100% Whey Protein Powder Unflavored -- 2 lbs	Designer Wellness	Active Lifestyle & Fitness	Alanine, Arginine, Aspartic Acid, Cysteine, Glutamic Acid, Glycine, Histidine, Isoleucine, Leucine, Lysine, Methionine, Pantothenic Acid, Phenylalanine, Phosphorus, Proline, Vitamin B6, Riboflavin, Serine, Thiamin, Threonine, Tryptophan, Tyrosine, Valine, Vitamin B6	2024-11-29 10:47:42
Dr. Botanical Health Marine Collagen Type I and III -- 8 oz	Dr. Botanical Health	Vitamins & Supplements	Alanine, Arginine, Aspartic Acid, Cystine, Glutamic Acid, Glycine, Hydroxyproline, Proline, Serine, Tyrosine	2024-11-29 10:47:42
Dr. Botanical Health Organic Green Spirulina Powder -- 3.5 oz	Dr. Botanical Health	Vitamins & Supplements	Alanine, Arginine, Vitamin C, Aspartic Acid, Chlorophyll, Cysteine, Vitamin E, Vitamin E, Glutamic Acid, Glycine, Histidine, Isoleucine, Leucine, Lysine, Manganese, Methionine, Niacin, Phosphorus, Proline, Riboflavin, Serine, Thiamin, Threonine, Tryptophan, Tyrosine, Valine	2024-11-29 10:47:42
Dr. Mercola Whole Food Multivitamin Plus -- 240 Tablets	Dr. Mercola	Professional Supplements	PABA, Ascorbyl Palmitate, Vitamin C, Betaine, Biotin, Boron, Vitamin D3, Choline, Chromium, Folate, Glutamic Acid, Hesperidin, Inositol, Iodine, Manganese, Molybdenum, Niacin, Niacinamide, PABA, Pantothenic Acid, Vitamin B6, Vitamin A, Riboflavin, Rutin, Selenium, Strontium, Thiamin, Vanadium, Vitamin B12, Vitamin B6	2024-11-29 10:47:42
Dr. Mercola Whole-Food Multivitamin for Women -- 240 Tablets	Dr. Mercola	Professional Supplements	PABA, Ascorbyl Palmitate, Vitamin C, Betaine, Biotin, Boron, Vitamin D3, Choline, Chromium, Folate, Glutamic Acid, Hesperidin, Inositol, Iodine, Manganese, Molybdenum, Niacin, PABA, Pantothenic Acid, Vitamin B6, Vitamin A, Riboflavin, Rutin, Selenium, Strontium, Thiamin, Vanadium, Vitamin B12, Vitamin B6	2024-11-29 10:47:42
ForestLeaf Advanced Collagen Peptides Grass-Fed Unflavored -- 16 oz	ForestLeaf	Vitamins & Supplements	Alanine, Arginine, Aspartic Acid, Glutamic Acid, Glycine, Histidine, Hydroxylysine, Hydroxyproline, Lysine, Phenylalanine, Proline, Serine, Tyrosine	2024-11-29 10:47:42
ForestLeaf Advanced Collagen Peptides Grass-Fed Unflavored -- 32 oz	ForestLeaf	Vitamins & Supplements	Alanine, Arginine, Aspartic Acid, Glutamic Acid, Glycine, Histidine, Hydroxylysine, Hydroxyproline, Lysine, Phenylalanine, Proline, Serine, Tyrosine	2024-11-29 10:47:42
Frog Fuel Power Energized Protein -- 1 fl oz Each / Pack of 24	Frog Fuel	Active Lifestyle & Fitness	Alanine, Arginine, Aspartic Acid, Cysteine, Glutamic Acid, Glutamine, Glycine, Hydroxylysine, Hydroxyproline, Proline, Serine, Tyrosine	2024-11-29 10:47:42
Frog Fuel Power Protein -- 1 fl oz Each / Pack of 24	Frog Fuel	Active Lifestyle & Fitness	Alanine, Arginine, Aspartic Acid, Cysteine, Glutamic Acid, Glutamine, Glycine, Hydroxylysine, Hydroxyproline, Proline, Serine, Tyrosine	2024-11-29 10:47:42
Frog Fuel Ultra Energized Liquid Super Fuel Shot -- 1.2 fl oz	Frog Fuel	Active Lifestyle & Fitness	Alanine, Arginine, Aspartic Acid, Caffeine, Chloride, Glutamic Acid, Glycine, Histidine, Hydroxylysine, Hydroxyproline, Isoleucine, Leucine, Lysine, Methionine, Phenylalanine, Proline, Serine, Threonine, Tyrosine, Valine	2024-11-29 10:47:42
Frog Fuel Ultra Liquid Super Fuel Shot -- 1.2 fl oz Each / Pack of 24	Frog Fuel	Active Lifestyle & Fitness	Alanine, Arginine, Aspartic Acid, Chloride, Glutamic Acid, Glycine, Histidine, Hydroxylysine, Hydroxyproline, Isoleucine, Leucine, Lysine, Methionine, Phenylalanine, Proline, Serine, Threonine, Tyrosine, Valine	2024-11-29 10:47:42
Further Food Collagen Peptides 100% Pure Protein Powder Unflavored -- 14 Servings	Further Food	Vitamins & Supplements	Alanine, Arginine, Aspartic Acid, Glutamic Acid, Glycine, Histidine, Hydroxylysine, Isoleucine, Leucine, Lysine, Methionine, Phenylalanine, Proline, Serine, Threonine, Tyrosine, Valine	2024-11-29 10:47:42
Further Food Collagen Peptides 100% Pure Protein Powder Unflavored -- 30 Servings	Further Food	Vitamins & Supplements	Alanine, Arginine, Aspartic Acid, Glutamic Acid, Glycine, Histidine, Hydroxylysine, Isoleucine, Leucine, Lysine, Methionine, Phenylalanine, Proline, Serine, Threonine, Tyrosine, Valine	2024-11-29 10:47:42
Further Food Collagen Peptides Plus Beauty Mushroom Vanilla -- 30 Servings	Further Food	Vitamins & Supplements	Alanine, Arginine, Aspartic Acid, Glutamic Acid, Glycine, Hydroxylysine, Hydroxyproline, Proline, Serine, Tyrosine	2024-11-29 10:47:42
Further Food Collagen Peptides Plus Reishi Mushroom Chocolate -- 30 Servings	Further Food	Vitamins & Supplements	Alanine, Arginine, Aspartic Acid, Glutamic Acid, Glycine, Hydroxylysine, Hydroxyproline, Proline, Serine, Tyrosine	2024-11-29 10:47:42
Further Food Matcha Collagen Plus Cordyceps Mushroom -- 14 Servings	Further Food	Vitamins & Supplements	Alanine, Arginine, Asparagine, Aspartic Acid, Glutamic Acid, Glycine, Hydroxylysine, Hydroxyproline, Isoleucine, Proline, Serine, Theanine, Tyrosine, Valine	2024-11-29 10:47:42
Further Food Premium Gelatin Powder Unflavored -- 45 Servings	Further Food	Vitamins & Supplements	Alanine, Arginine, Aspartic Acid, Glutamic Acid, Glycine, Hydroxylysine, Hydroxyproline, Proline, Serine, Tyrosine	2024-11-29 10:47:42
Further Food Premium Marine Collagen Unflavored -- 14 Servings	Further Food	Vitamins & Supplements	Alanine, Arginine, Aspartic Acid, Glutamic Acid, Glycine, Hydroxylysine, Hydroxyproline, Proline, Serine, Tyrosine, Valine	2024-11-29 10:47:42
Futurebiotics Prostabs Plus® -- 90 Tablets	Futurebiotics	Vitamins & Supplements	L-Alanine, Vitamin C, L-Glutamic Acid, L-Glycine, Lycopene, Vitamin B6, Vitamin B6	2024-11-29 10:47:42
Garden of Life RAW Organic Protein & Greens Real Raw Vanilla -- 19.3 oz	Garden of Life	Active Lifestyle & Fitness	Alanine, Arginine, Vitamin C, Aspartic Acid, Biotin, Chromium, Cystine, Folate, Glutamic Acid, Glycine, Histidine, Manganese, Molybdenum, Phosphorus, Proline, Vitamin A, Selenium, Serine, Tyrosine, Vitamin K	2024-11-29 10:47:42
Garden of Life RAW Organic Protein Plant-Based Formula Chocolate -- 24.69 oz	Garden of Life	Active Lifestyle & Fitness	Alanine, Arginine, Aspartic Acid, Cystine, Vitamin E, Vitamin E, Glutamic Acid, Glycine, Histidine, Proline, Vitamin A, Serine, Tyrosine, Vitamin K	2024-11-29 10:47:42
Garden of Life RAW Organic Protein Plant-Based Formula Unflavored -- 19.75 oz	Garden of Life	Active Lifestyle & Fitness	Alanine, Arginine, Aspartic Acid, Cystine, Vitamin E, Vitamin E, Glutamic Acid, Glycine, Histidine, Proline, Vitamin A, Serine, Tyrosine, Vitamin K	2024-11-29 10:47:42
Garden of Life RAW Organic Protein Plant-Based Formula Vanilla -- 23.28 oz	Garden of Life	Active Lifestyle & Fitness	Alanine, Arginine, Aspartic Acid, Cystine, Vitamin E, Vitamin E, Glutamic Acid, Glycine, Histidine, Proline, Vitamin A, Serine, Tyrosine, Vitamin K	2024-11-29 10:47:42
Garden of Life Sport Certified Grass Fed Whey Protein - NSF Certified for Sport Vanilla -- 20 Servings	Garden of Life	Active Lifestyle & Fitness	Alanine, Arginine, Aspartic Acid, Cystine, Glutamic Acid, Glycine, Histidine, Proline, Serine, Tyrosine	2024-11-29 10:47:42
Garden of Life Sport Organic Plant-Based Protein - NSF Certified for Sport Vanilla -- 19 Servings	Garden of Life	Active Lifestyle & Fitness	Alanine, Arginine, Aspartic Acid, Cystine, Glutamic Acid, Glycine, Histidine, Manganese, Molybdenum, Proline, Selenium, Serine, Tyrosine	2024-11-29 10:47:42
Garden of Life Sport Organic Plant-Based Protein - NSF Certified Sport Chocolate -- 32.17 oz	Garden of Life	Active Lifestyle & Fitness	Alanine, Arginine, Aspartic Acid, Cystine, Glutamic Acid, Glycine, Histidine, Isoleucine, Leucine, Lysine, Methionine, Phenylalanine, Proline, Serine, Threonine, Tryptophan, Tyrosine, Valine	2024-11-29 10:47:42
Greens First Delicious Dream Protein Creamy French Vanilla -- 1.5 lbs	Greens First	Active Lifestyle & Fitness	Alanine, Arginine, Aspartic Acid, Glutamic Acid, Glycine, Histidine, Hydroxyproline, Lysine, Proline, Serine	2024-11-29 10:47:42
Greens First Delicious Dream Protein Rich Dutch Chocolate -- 1.5 lbs	Greens First	Active Lifestyle & Fitness	Alanine, Arginine, Aspartic Acid, Glutamic Acid, Glycine, Histidine, Hydroxyproline, Lysine, Proline, Serine	2024-11-29 10:47:42
Greens First Dream Protein Plant-Based Chocolate Dream -- 27.54 oz	Greens First	Active Lifestyle & Fitness	Alanine, Arginine, Aspartic Acid, Cystine, Glutamic Acid, Glycine, Histidine, Isoleucine, Leucine, Lysine, Methionine, Phenylalanine, Proline, Serine, Threonine, Tryptophan, Tyrosine, Valine	2024-11-29 10:47:42
Greens First Pro Dream Protein Plant-Based Vanilla -- 24.81 oz	Greens First	Weight Management	Alanine, Arginine, Aspartic Acid, Cystine, Glutamic Acid, Glycine, Histidine, Isoleucine, Leucine, Lysine, Methionine, Phenylalanine, Proline, Serine, Threonine, Tryptophan, Tyrosine, Valine	2024-11-29 10:47:42
Havasu Nutrition Collagen Peptide + Probiotic Powder Unflavored -- 7.4 oz	Havasu Nutrition	Vitamins & Supplements	Alanine, Arginine, Aspartic Acid, Glutamic Acid, Glycine, Histidine, Hydroxylysine, Hydroxyproline, Isoleucine, Leucine, Lysine, Methionine, Phenylalanine, Proline, Serine, Threonine, Tyrosine, Valine	2024-11-29 10:47:42
Healthy Pup Healthy Habit Coprophagia Deterrent for Dogs -- 120 Soft Chews	Healthy Pup	Pet Supplies	Lipase, Chamomile, Cellulase, glutamic acid, glycerin, maltodextrin	2024-11-29 10:47:42
KAL Nutritional Yeast Flakes -- 12 oz	KAL	Food & Beverages	Alanine, Arginine, Aspartic Acid, Biotin, Cystine, Folate, Glutamic Acid, Glycine, Histidine, Isoleucine, Leucine, Lysine, Manganese, Methionine, Molybdenum, niacin, Pantothenic Acid, Phenylalanine, Phosphorus, Proline, pyridoxine HCI, Vitamin B6, Riboflavin, Selenium, Serine, Thiamin, Threonine, Tryptophan, Tyrosine, Valine, Vitamin B12, Vitamin B6	2024-11-29 10:47:42
Kardashian Rejuvicare Liquid Collagen Formula Grape -- 16 fl oz	Kardashian	Vitamins & Supplements	citric acid, L-Alanine, Vitamin C, L-Aspartic Acid, citric acid, fructose, L-Glutamic Acid, L-Histidine, L-Hydroxylysine, L-Hydroxyproline, L-Isoleucine, L-Lysine, Pantothenic Acid, L-Phenylalanine, Vitamin B6, L-Serine, sodium benzoate, L-Valine, Vitamin B6	2024-11-29 10:47:42
Klean Athlete Klean Collagen+C - NSF Certified for Sport - Natural Tropical Fruit -- 20 Servings	Klean Athlete	Professional Supplements	citric acid, Alanine, Arginine, Vitamin C, Aspartic Acid, beta-carotene, citric acid, Glutamic Acid, Glycine, Hydroxylysine, Hydroxyproline, Proline, Serine, Tyrosine	2024-11-29 10:47:42
Levels Whey Protein Powder Chocolate Peanut Butter -- 26 Servings	Levels	Active Lifestyle & Fitness	Alanine, Arginine, Aspartic Acid, Cystine, Glutamic Acid, Glycine, Histidine, Lysine, Methionine, Phenylalanine, Proline, Serine, Threonine, Tryptophan, Tyrosine	2024-11-29 10:47:42
Levels Whey Protein Powder Double Chocolate -- 28 Servings	Levels	Active Lifestyle & Fitness	Alanine, Arginine, Aspartic Acid, Cystine, Glutamic Acid, Glycine, Histidine, Lysine, Methionine, Phenylalanine, Proline, Serine, Threonine, Tryptophan, Tyrosine	2024-11-29 10:47:42
Levels Whey Protein Powder Strawberry -- 28 Servings	Levels	Active Lifestyle & Fitness	Alanine, Arginine, Aspartic Acid, Cystine, Glutamic Acid, Glycine, Histidine, Lysine, Methionine, Phenylalanine, Proline, Serine, Threonine, Tryptophan, Tyrosine	2024-11-29 10:47:42
Levels Whey Protein Powder Vanilla Bean -- 28 Servings	Levels	Active Lifestyle & Fitness	Alanine, Arginine, Aspartic Acid, Cystine, Glutamic Acid, Glycine, Histidine, Lysine, Methionine, Phenylalanine, Proline, Serine, Threonine, Tryptophan, Tyrosine	2024-11-29 10:47:42
Manitoba Harvest Hemp Yeah! Balanced Protein + Fiber Hemp Protein Powder -- 1 lb	Manitoba Harvest	Active Lifestyle & Fitness	Alanine, Arginine, Vitamin C, Aspartic Acid, Omega-3, Cysteine, Glutamic Acid, Glycerin, Histidine, Isoleucine, Leucine, Lysine, Methionine, Phenylalanine, Proline, Vitamin A, Serine, Threonine, Tyrosine, Valine	2024-11-29 10:47:42
Manitoba Harvest Hemp Yeah! Balanced Protein + Fiber Hemp Protein Powder -- 2 lbs	Manitoba Harvest	Active Lifestyle & Fitness	Alanine, Arginine, Vitamin C, Aspartic Acid, Omega-3, Cysteine, Glutamic Acid, Glycine, Histidine, Isoleucine, Leucine, Lysine, Methionine, Phenylalanine, Proline, Vitamin A, Serine, Threonine, Tyrosine, Valine	2024-11-29 10:47:42
Manitoba Harvest Hemp Yeah!™ Max Fiber Original -- 1 lb	Manitoba Harvest	Active Lifestyle & Fitness	Alanine, Arginine, Vitamin C, Aspartic Acid, Omega-3, Cystine, Glutamic Acid, Glycine, Histidine, Isoleucine, Leucine, Lysine, Methionine, Phenylalanine, Proline, Vitamin A, Serine, Threonine, Tyrosine, Valine	2024-11-29 10:47:42
Manitoba Harvest Organic Hemp Yeah! Max Fiber Chocolate Hemp Protein Powder -- 1 lb	Manitoba Harvest	Active Lifestyle & Fitness	Alanine, Arginine, Vitamin C, Aspartic Acid, Omega-3, Cystine, Glutamic Acid, Glycine, Histidine, Isoleucine, Leucine, Lysine, Methionine, Phenylalanine, Proline, Vitamin A, Serine, Threonine, Tyrosine, Valine	2024-11-29 10:47:42
Manitoba Harvest Organic Hemp Yeah! Max Fiber Vanilla Hemp Protein Powder -- 1 lb	Manitoba Harvest	Active Lifestyle & Fitness	Alanine, Arginine, Vitamin C, Aspartic Acid, Omega-3, Cysteine, Glutamic Acid, Glycerin, Histidine, Isoleucine, Leucine, Lysine, Phenylalanine, Proline, Serine, Theanine, Tyrosine, Valine	2024-11-29 10:47:42
MenoLabs Goddess Glow Beauty Collagen™ -- 10 oz	MenoLabs	Vitamins & Supplements	Alanine, Arginine, Vitamin C, Aspartic Acid, Glutamic Acid, Glycine, Histidine, Hydroxylysine, Hydroxyproline, Isoleucine, Leucine, Lysine, Methionine, Phenylalanine, Proline, Serine, Threonine, Tyrosine, Valine	2024-11-29 10:47:42
Mineral Fusion Mineral SPF 30 Brush-On Sun Defense -- 0.14 oz	Mineral Fusion	Beauty & Personal Care	butylene glycol, arginine, betaine, tocopherol, tocopherol, glutamic acid, serine, sodium citrate	2024-11-29 10:47:42
MRM Metabolic Whey Protein Chocolate -- 2 billion - 5 lbs	MRM	Active Lifestyle & Fitness	Alanine, Arginine, Aspartic Acid, Cysteine, Glutamic Acid, L-Glutamine, Glycine, Histidine, Isoleucine, Leucine, Lysine, Methionine, Niacin, Phenylalanine, Proline, Serine, Threonine, Tryptophan, Tyrosine, Valine	2024-11-29 10:47:42
MRM Metabolic Whey™ Protein Rich Vanilla -- 5 lbs	MRM	Active Lifestyle & Fitness	Alanine, Arginine, Vitamin C, Aspartic Acid, Cysteine, Glutamic Acid, L-Glutamine, Glycine, Histidine, Isoleucine, Leucine, Lysine, Methionine, Phenylalanine, Proline, Vitamin A, Serine, Threonine, Tryptophan, Tyrosine, Valine	2024-11-29 10:47:42
MRM Natural Gainer Rich Vanilla -- 3.3 lbs	MRM	Active Lifestyle & Fitness	Alanine, Arginine, Vitamin C, Aspartic Acid, Cysteine, Glutamic Acid, Glycine, Histidine, Isoleucine, Leucine, Lysine, maltodextrin, Methionine, Phenylalanine, Proline, Vitamin A, Serine, Threonine, tocopherols, trehalose, tricalcium phosphate, Tryptophan, Tyrosine, Valine	2024-11-29 10:47:42
MRM Natural Whey Protein Rich Vanilla -- 2.03 lbs	MRM	Active Lifestyle & Fitness	Alanine, Arginine, Vitamin C, Aspartic Acid, Cysteine, Glutamic Acid, L-Glutamine, Glycine, Histidine, Isoleucine, Leucine, Lysine, Methionine, Phenylalanine, Proline, Vitamin A, Serine, Threonine, Tryptophan, Tyrosine, Valine	2024-11-29 10:47:42
MRM Nutrition Veggie Protein with Superfoods Vanilla -- 20.1 oz	MRM	Active Lifestyle & Fitness	Alanine, Arginine, Aspartic Acid, Cysteine, Glutamic Acid, Glycine, Histidine, Isoleucine, Leucine, Lysine, Methionine, Niacin, Phenylalanine, potassium chloride, Proline, Serine, Threonine, Tryptophan, Tyrosine, Valine	2024-11-29 10:47:42
MRM Smooth Veggie Elite Performance Protein Vanilla Bean -- 36 oz	MRM	Active Lifestyle & Fitness	Alanine, Arginine, Vitamin C, Aspartic Acid, Cysteine, Glutamic Acid, Glycine, Histidine, Isoleucine, Leucine, Lysine, Methionine, Phenylalanine, Proline, Vitamin A, Serine, Threonine, Tryptophan, Tyrosine, Valine	2024-11-29 10:47:42
MRM Veggie Meal Replacement Vanilla Bean -- 3 lbs	MRM	Active Lifestyle & Fitness	Alanine, Arginine, Vitamin C, Aspartic Acid, Biotin, Cysteine, Vitamin E, Folate, Vitamin E, Glutamic Acid, Glycine, Histidine, Iodine, Isoleucine, Leucine, Lysine, Methionine, Niacin, Pantothenic Acid, Phenylalanine, Phosphorus, Proline, Vitamin B6, Vitamin A, Riboflavin, Serine, Thiamin, Threonine, trehalose, Tryptophan, Tyrosine, Valine, Vitamin B6, Vitamin D2	2024-11-29 10:47:42
MRM Veggie Protein Powder Chocolate -- 20.1 oz	MRM	Active Lifestyle & Fitness	Alanine, Arginine, Aspartic Acid, Omega-3, Cysteine, Glutamic Acid, Glycine, Histidine, Isoleucine, Leucine, Lysine, Methionine, Phenylalanine, potassium chloride, Proline, Serine, Threonine, Tryptophan, Tyrosine, Valine	2024-11-29 10:47:42
MRM Whey Protein Chocolate -- 32.3 oz - (2.02 lbs)	MRM	Active Lifestyle & Fitness	Alanine, Arginine, Aspartic Acid, Cysteine, Glutamic Acid, L-Glutamine, Glycine, Histidine, Isoleucine, Leucine, Lysine, Methionine, Niacin, Phenylalanine, Proline, Serine, Threonine, Tryptophan, Tyrosine, Valine	2024-11-29 10:47:42
Native 2 In 1 Full & Thick Shampoo & Conditioner Sea Salt & Cedar -- 16.5 fl oz	Native	Beauty & Personal Care	caprylyl glycol, citric acid, cetyl alcohol, citric acid, glutamic acid, behenamidopropyl dimethylamine, sodium benzoate, stearyl alcohol	2024-11-29 10:47:42
Native 2 In 1 Scalp Refreshing Shampoo & Conditioner Eucalyptus & Mint -- 16.5 fl oz	Native	Beauty & Personal Care	caprylyl glycol, citric acid, cetyl alcohol, citric acid, glutamic acid, behenamidopropyl dimethylamine, sodium benzoate, stearyl alcohol	2024-11-29 10:47:42
Native Conditioner Almond & Shea Butter Strengthening -- 16.5 fl oz	Native	Beauty & Personal Care	caprylyl glycol, citric acid, cetyl alcohol, citric acid, glutamic acid, behenamidopropyl dimethylamine, sodium benzoate, stearyl alcohol	2024-11-29 10:47:42
Native Daily Clean Conditioner - Citrus & Herbal Musk -- 16.5 fl oz	Native	Beauty & Personal Care	caprylyl glycol, citric acid, cetyl alcohol, citric acid, glutamic acid, behenamidopropyl dimethylamine, sodium benzoate, stearyl alcohol	2024-11-29 10:47:42
Native Moisturizing Conditioner Coconut & Vanilla -- 16.5 fl oz	Native	Beauty & Personal Care	caprylyl glycol, citric acid, cetyl alcohol, citric acid, dimethylamine, glutamic acid, sodium benzoate, stearyl alcohol	2024-11-29 10:47:42
Naturade Pea Protein™ Vegan Shake Chocolate -- 20.6 oz	Naturade	Active Lifestyle & Fitness	Alanine, Arginine, Vitamin C, Aspartic Acid, Cysteine, Glutamic Acid, Glycine, maltodextrin, Proline, Vitamin A, Serine, sodium citrate, Tyrosine	2024-11-29 10:47:42
Naturade Vegan Smart® Pea Protein™ Vegan Shake Vanilla -- 19 oz	Naturade	Weight Management	Alanine, Arginine, Vitamin C, Aspartic Acid, Cysteine, Glutamic Acid, Glycine, potassium citrate, Proline, Vitamin A, Serine, sodium citrate, Tyrosine	2024-11-29 10:47:42
Naturade Weight Gain Chocolate -- 20.3 oz	Naturade	Active Lifestyle & Fitness	lipase, Alanine, Arginine, Aspartic Acid, Cysteine, Glutamic Acid, Glycine, maltodextrin, Proline, Serine, Tyrosine	2024-11-29 10:47:42
Natural Factors Total Body Collagen Bioactive Peptides Unflavored -- 17 oz	Natural Factors	Vitamins & Supplements	Alanine, Arginine, Vitamin C, Aspartic Acid, Biotin, Glutamic Acid, L-Glutamine, Glycerine, Histidine, Hydroxylysine, Hydroxyproline, Isoleucine, Leucine, Lysine, Methionine, Phenylalanine, Proline, Serine, Threonine, Tryptophan, Tyrosine, Valine	2024-11-29 10:47:42
Natural Factors Whey Factors® Natural French Vanilla -- 2 lbs	Natural Factors	Active Lifestyle & Fitness	Alanine, Arginine, Vitamin C, Aspartic Acid, Cystine, Glutamic Acid, Glycine, Histidine, Isoleucine, Lactoferrin, Leucine, Lysine, Methionine, Phenylalanine, Phosphorus, Proline, Serine, Threonine, Tryptophan, Tyrosine, Valine	2024-11-29 10:47:42
Natural Factors Whey Factors® Unflavored -- 2 lbs	Natural Factors	Active Lifestyle & Fitness	Alanine, Arginine, Vitamin C, Aspartic Acid, Cystine, Glutamic Acid, Glycine, Histidine, Isoleucine, Lactoferrin, Leucine, Lysine, Methionine, Phenylalanine, Phosphorus, Proline, Serine, Threonine, Tryptophan, Tyrosine, Valine	2024-11-29 10:47:42
Nutiva Organic Hemp Protein Powder - Fiber Plus -- 16 oz	Nutiva	Active Lifestyle & Fitness	Alanine, Arginine, Aspartic Acid, Cystine, Glutamic Acid, Glycine, Histidine, Isoleucine, Leucine, Lysine, Methionine, Phenylalanine, Proline, Serine, Threonine, Tryptophan, Tyrosine, Valine	2024-11-29 10:47:42
NutraBio Classic Whey Protein Chocolate Milkshake -- 80 oz	NutraBio	Active Lifestyle & Fitness	Alanine, Arginine, Aspartic Acid, Cysteine, Glutamic Acid, Glycine, Histidine, Lysine, Methionine, Phenylalanine, Phosphorus, Proline, Serine, Threonine, Tryptophan, Tyrosine	2024-11-29 10:47:42
NutraBio Classic Whey Protein Chocolate Peanut Butter Bliss -- 80 oz	NutraBio	Active Lifestyle & Fitness	Alanine, Arginine, Aspartic Acid, Cysteine, Glutamic Acid, Glycine, Histidine, Lysine, Methionine, Phenylalanine, Phosphorus, Proline, Serine, Threonine, Tryptophan, Tyrosine	2024-11-29 10:47:42
NutraBio Micellar Casein Powder Dutch Chocolate -- 2 lbs	NutraBio	Active Lifestyle & Fitness	Alanine, Arginine, Aspartic Acid, Cysteine, Glutamic Acid, Glycine, Histidine, Lysine, Methionine, Phenylalanine, Phosphorus, Proline, Serine, Threonine, Tryptophan, Tyrosine	2024-11-29 10:47:42
NutraBio Muscle Matrix Protein Alpine Vanilla -- 29 Servings	NutraBio	Active Lifestyle & Fitness	Alanine, Arginine, Aspartic Acid, Cysteine, Glutamic Acid, Glycine, Histidine, Lysine, Methionine, Phenylalanine, Phosphorus, Proline, Serine, Threonine, Tryptophan, Tyrosine	2024-11-29 10:47:42
NutraBio Whey Protein Isolate Alpine Vanilla -- 32 oz	NutraBio	Active Lifestyle & Fitness	Alanine, Arginine, Aspartic Acid, Cysteine, Glutamic Acid, Glycine, Histidine, Lysine, Methionine, Phenylalanine, Proline, Serine, Threonine, Tryptophan, Tyrosine	2024-11-29 10:47:42
NutriBiotic Raw Rice Protein Powder Chocolate -- 1.69 lbs	NutriBiotic	Active Lifestyle & Fitness	Alanine, Arginine, Aspartic Acid, Cystine, Glutamic Acid, Glycine, Histidine, Isoleucine, Leucine, Lysine, Methionine, Phenylalanine, Phosphorus, Proline, Serine, Threonine, Tryptophan, Tyrosine, Valine	2024-11-29 10:47:42
NutriBiotic Raw Rice Protein Powder Mixed Berry -- 1.31 lbs	NutriBiotic	Active Lifestyle & Fitness	Alanine, Arginine, Aspartic Acid, Cystine, Glutamic Acid, Glycerin, Phosphorus, Proline, Serine, Tyrosine	2024-11-29 10:47:42
NutriCology Multi-Vi-Min -- 150 Capsules	NutriCology	Vitamins & Supplements	5-Methyltetrahydrofolate, Biotin, Boron, Vitamin D3, Chromium, Vitamin E, Vitamin E, Glutamic Acid, microcrystalline cellulose, Manganese, Molybdenum, Niacin, Pantothenic Acid, Vitamin B6, Vitamin A, Riboflavin, Selenium, stearic acid, Thiamin, Vitamin B12, Vitamin B6	2024-11-29 10:47:42
NutriCology Ocudyne II -- 200 Capsules	NutriCology	Vitamins & Supplements	N-Acetyl L-Cysteine, Vitamin C, Boron, Vitamin D3, Chromium, Vitamin E, Folic Acid, Vitamin E, Glutamic Acid, Glycine, microcrystalline cellulose, Iodine, Lutein, Lycopene, Manganese, Molybdenum, Niacin, Pantothenic Acid, Vitamin B6, Quercetin, Vitamin A, Riboflavin, Selenium, Taurine, Thiamin, Alpha-Lipoic Acid, Vitamin B12, Vitamin B6, Zeaxanthin	2024-11-29 10:47:42
Olympian Labs Beef Protein Isolate Chocolate -- 2 lbs	Olympian Labs	Active Lifestyle & Fitness	Alanine, Arginine, Aspartic Acid, Cystine, Glutamic Acid, Glycine, Histidine, Hydroxyproline, Isoleucine, Leucine, Lysine, Methionine, Phenylalanine, Proline, reb-A, Serine, Sugar, Threonine, Tryptophan, Tyrosine, Valine	2024-11-29 10:47:42
Olympian Labs Lean and Healthy Pea Protein Chocolate -- 13 Servings	Olympian Labs	Active Lifestyle & Fitness	Alanine, Arginine, Aspartic Acid, Cysteine, Glutamic Acid, Glycine, Histidine, Isoleucine, Leucine, Lysine, Methionine, Phenylalanine, Proline, Serine, Threonine, Tryptophan, Tyrosine, Valine, xylitol	2024-11-29 10:47:42
Olympian Labs Lean and Healthy Pea Protein Vanilla -- 17.4 oz	Olympian Labs	Active Lifestyle & Fitness	Alanine, Arginine, Aspartic Acid, Cysteine, Glutamic Acid, Glycine, Histidine, Isoleucine, Leucine, Lysine, Methionine, Phenylalanine, Proline, Serine, Threonine, Tryptophan, Tyrosine, Valine, xylitol	2024-11-29 10:47:42
Olympian Labs Pea Protein Vanilla -- 26.7 oz	Olympian Labs	Active Lifestyle & Fitness	Alanine, Arginine, Aspartic Acid, Cystine, Glutamic Acid, Glycine, Histidine, Isoleucine, Leucine, Lysine, Methionine, Phenylalanine, Proline, stevia, Serine, Threonine, Tryptophan, Tyrosine, Valine, xylitol	2024-11-29 10:47:42
OM Organic Master Blend Plant-Based Protein Creamy Chocolate -- 19.57 oz	OM	Herbs, Botanicals & Homeopathy	Alanine, Arginine, Vitamin C, Aspartic Acid, Chloride, Cystine, Glutamic Acid, Glycine, Histidine, Isoleucine, Leucine, Lysine, Manganese, Methionine, Phenylalanine, Phosphorus, Proline, Serine, Threonine, Tryptophan, Tyrosine, Valine, Vitamin B12	2024-11-29 10:47:42
Onnit Plant-Based Protein - 20 Serving Tub - Informed Sport Certified Chocolate -- 23.8 oz	Onnit	Active Lifestyle & Fitness	Alanine, Arginine, Aspartic Acid, leaf, Cysteine, Glutamic Acid, Glycine, Histidine, Isoleucine, Leucine, Lysine, Methionine, Phenylalanine, Proline, stevia, Serine, Threonine, Tryptophan, Tyrosine, Valine	2024-11-29 10:47:42
Onnit Plant-Based Protein - 20 Serving Tub - Informed Sport Certified Vanilla -- 21.9 oz	Onnit	Active Lifestyle & Fitness	Alanine, Arginine, Aspartic Acid, leaf, Cysteine, Glutamic Acid, Glycine, Histidine, Isoleucine, Leucine, Lysine, Methionine, Phenylalanine, Proline, stevia, Serine, Threonine, Tryptophan, Tyrosine, Valine	2024-11-29 10:47:42
Orgain Hydrolyzed Grass-Fed 20g Collagen Peptides Powder – Type I and III Unflavored -- 1 lb	Orgain	Vitamins & Supplements	Alanine, Arginine, Aspartic Acid, Glutamic Acid, Glycine, Hydroxylysine, Hydroxyproline, Proline, Serine, Tyrosine	2024-11-29 10:47:42
OWYN Plant Protein Dark Chocolate -- 1.2 lbs	OWYN	Weight Management	Alanine, Arginine, Vitamin C, Aspartic Acid, omega-3, Cystine, Glutamic Acid, Glycine, Histidine, Isoleucine, Leucine, Lysine, Methionine, Phenylalanine, Proline, Vitamin A, Serine, Threonine, Tryptophan, Tyrosine, Valine	2024-11-29 10:47:42
OWYN Plant Protein Smooth Vanilla -- 1.1 lbs	OWYN	Weight Management	Alanine, Arginine, Vitamin C, Aspartic Acid, omega-3, Cystine, Glutamic Acid, Glycine, Histidine, Isoleucine, Leucine, Lysine, Methionine, Phenylalanine, Proline, Vitamin A, Serine, Threonine, Tryptophan, Tyrosine, Valine, vanilla	2024-11-29 10:47:42
Paradise Herbs ORAC-Energy Protein & Greens Original Unflavored -- 16 oz	Paradise Herbs	Active Lifestyle & Fitness	Alanine, Arginine, Aspartic Acid, Cystine, Glutamic Acid, Glycine, Histidine, Isoleucine, Leucine, Lysine, Methionine, Phenylalanine, Proline, Quercetin, Serine, Threonine, Tryptophan, Tyrosine, Valine	2024-11-29 10:47:42
PB2 Performance Almond Protein Madagascar Vanilla -- 16 oz	PB2	Weight Management	Alanine, Arginine, Aspartic Acid, Cysteine, Glutamic Acid, Glycine, Proline, Serine, Tyrosine	2024-11-29 10:47:42
PB2 Performance Peanut Protein Madagascar Vanilla -- 32 oz	PB2	Weight Management	Alanine, Arginine, Aspartic Acid, Cysteine, Glutamic Acid, Glycine, Proline, Serine, Tyrosine	2024-11-29 10:47:42
PlantFusion Complete Plant Protein Red Velvet -- 2 lbs	PlantFusion	Active Lifestyle & Fitness	Alanine, Arginine, Aspartic Acid, Cystine, Fructose, Glutamic Acid, Glycine, Histidine, Isoleucine, Leucine, Lysine, Methionine, Phenylalanine, Proline, Serine, Threonine, Tryptophan, Tyrosine, Valine	2024-11-29 10:47:42
PlantFusion Complete Plant Protein Vanilla Bean -- 1 lb	PlantFusion	Active Lifestyle & Fitness	Alanine, Arginine, Aspartic Acid, Cystine, Fructose, Glutamic Acid, Glycine, Histidine, Isoleucine, Leucine, Lysine, Methionine, Phenylalanine, Proline, stevia, Serine, Threonine, Tryptophan, Tyrosine, Valine	2024-11-29 10:47:42
Plantworks Plant Protein Powder Vanilla -- 23.8 oz	Plantworks	Weight Management	Alanine, Arginine, Vitamin C, Aspartic Acid, Cystine, Glutamic Acid, Glycine, L-isoleucine, Proline, Vitamin A, Serine, Tyrosine, L-valine	2024-11-29 10:47:42
SheaMoisture Bond Repair Leave-In Conditioner -- 11 oz	SheaMoisture	Beauty & Personal Care	citric acid, arginine, cetearyl alcohol, citric acid, sodium gluconate, glutamic acid, glycerin, serine, sodium benzoate, sodium citrate	2024-11-29 10:47:42
SheaMoisture Bond Repair Shampoo -- 13 fl oz	SheaMoisture	Beauty & Personal Care	citric acid, arginine, carbomer, citric acid, cocamidopropyl betaine, sodium gluconate, glutamic acid, glycerin, serine, sodium benzoate, sodium hydroxide	2024-11-29 10:47:42
Sunwarrior Active Protein Chocolate -- 20 Servings	Sunwarrior	Active Lifestyle & Fitness	Alanine, Arginine, Aspartic Acid, Cystine, Glutamic Acid, Glycine, Histidine, Isoleucine, Leucine, Lysine, Methionine, Phenylalanine, Proline, Serine, Threonine, Tryptophan, Tyrosine, Valine	2024-11-29 10:47:42
Sunwarrior Active Protein Vanilla -- 20 Servings	Sunwarrior	Active Lifestyle & Fitness	Alanine, Arginine, Aspartic Acid, Cystine, Glutamic Acid, Glycine, Histidine, Isoleucine, Leucine, Lysine, Methionine, Phenylalanine, Proline, Serine, Threonine, Tryptophan, Tyrosine, Valine	2024-11-29 10:47:42
Sunwarrior Classic PLUS Protein Chocolate -- 1.65 lbs	Sunwarrior	Active Lifestyle & Fitness	Alanine, Arginine, Vitamin C, Aspartic Acid, Cystine, Glutamic Acid, Glycine, Histidine, Isoleucine, Leucine, Lysine, Methionine, Phenylalanine, Proline, Serine, Threonine, Tryptophan, Tyrosine, Valine	2024-11-29 10:47:42
Sunwarrior Classic PLUS Protein Natural -- 1.65 lbs	Sunwarrior	Active Lifestyle & Fitness	Alanine, Arginine, Vitamin C, Aspartic Acid, Cystine, Glutamic Acid, Glycine, Histidine, Isoleucine, Leucine, Lysine, Methionine, Phenylalanine, Proline, Serine, Threonine, Tryptophan, Tyrosine, Valine	2024-11-29 10:47:42
Sunwarrior Classic PLUS Protein Natural -- 13.2 oz	Sunwarrior	Active Lifestyle & Fitness	Alanine, Arginine, Vitamin C, Aspartic Acid, Cystine, Glutamic Acid, Glycine, Histidine, Isoleucine, Leucine, Lysine, Methionine, Phenylalanine, Proline, Serine, Threonine, Tryptophan, Tyrosine, Valine	2024-11-29 10:47:42
Sunwarrior Classic PLUS Protein Vanilla -- 1.65 lbs	Sunwarrior	Active Lifestyle & Fitness	Alanine, Arginine, Vitamin C, Aspartic Acid, Cystine, Glutamic Acid, Glycine, Histidine, Isoleucine, Leucine, Lysine, Methionine, Phenylalanine, Proline, Serine, Threonine, Tryptophan, Tyrosine, Valine	2024-11-29 10:47:42
Sunwarrior Classic PLUS Protein Vanilla -- 13.2 oz	Sunwarrior	Active Lifestyle & Fitness	Alanine, Arginine, Vitamin C, Aspartic Acid, Cystine, Glutamic Acid, Glycine, Histidine, Isoleucine, Leucine, Lysine, Methionine, Phenylalanine, Proline, Serine, Threonine, Tryptophan, Tyrosine, Valine	2024-11-29 10:47:42
Sunwarrior Harvest Hemp Protein Powder Unflavored -- 26.4 oz	Sunwarrior	Vitamins & Supplements	Alanine, Arginine, Aspartic Acid, Cystine, Vitamin E, Vitamin E, Glutamic Acid, Glycine, Histidine, Isoleucine, Leucine, Lysine, Manganese, Methionine, Niacin, Phenylalanine, Phosphorus, Proline, Vitamin B6, Serine, Thiamin, Threonine, Tryptophan, Tyrosine, Vitamin B6	2024-11-29 10:47:42
Sunwarrior Protein Classic Chocolate -- 13.2 oz	Sunwarrior	Active Lifestyle & Fitness	Alanine, Arginine, Aspartic Acid, Cystine, Glutamic Acid, Glycine, Histidine, Isoleucine, Leucine, Lysine, Methionine, Phenylalanine, Proline, Serine, Threonine, Tryptophan, Tyrosine, Valine	2024-11-29 10:47:42
Sunwarrior Protein Classic Chocolate -- 30 Servings	Sunwarrior	Weight Management	Alanine, Arginine, Aspartic Acid, Cystine, Glutamic Acid, Glycine, Histidine, Isoleucine, Leucine, Lysine, Methionine, Phenylalanine, Proline, Serine, Threonine, Tryptophan, Tyrosine, Valine	2024-11-29 10:47:42
Sunwarrior Protein Classic Natural -- 30 Servings	Sunwarrior	Weight Management	Alanine, Arginine, Aspartic Acid, Cystine, Glutamic Acid, Glycine, Histidine, Isoleucine, Leucine, Lysine, Methionine, Phenylalanine, Proline, Serine, Threonine, Tryptophan, Tyrosine, Valine	2024-11-29 10:47:42
Sunwarrior Protein Classic Vanilla -- 15 Servings	Sunwarrior	Weight Management	Alanine, Arginine, Aspartic Acid, Cystine, Glutamic Acid, Glycine, Histidine, Isoleucine, Leucine, Lysine, Methionine, Phenylalanine, Proline, Serine, Threonine, Tryptophan, Tyrosine, Valine	2024-11-29 10:47:42
Sunwarrior Protein Classic Vanilla -- 30 Servings	Sunwarrior	Weight Management	Alanine, Arginine, Aspartic Acid, Cystine, Glutamic Acid, Glycine, Histidine, Isoleucine, Leucine, Lysine, Methionine, Phenylalanine, Proline, Serine, Threonine, Tryptophan, Tyrosine, Valine	2024-11-29 10:47:42
Sunwarrior Protein Warrior Blend Chocolate -- 1.65 lbs	Sunwarrior	Active Lifestyle & Fitness	Alanine, Arginine, Aspartic Acid, Cystine, Glutamic Acid, Glycine, Histidine, Isoleucine, Leucine, Lysine, Methionine, Phenylalanine, Proline, Serine, Threonine, Tryptophan, Tyrosine, Valine	2024-11-29 10:47:42
Sunwarrior Protein Warrior Blend Unflavored -- 1.65 lbs	Sunwarrior	Active Lifestyle & Fitness	Alanine, Arginine, Aspartic Acid, Cystine, Glutamic Acid, Glycine, Histidine, Isoleucine, Leucine, Lysine, Methionine, Phenylalanine, Proline, Serine, Threonine, Tryptophan, Tyrosine, Valine	2024-11-29 10:47:42
Sunwarrior Sport Organic Active Protein Cake Batter -- 2.2 lb	Sunwarrior	Active Lifestyle & Fitness	Alanine, Arginine, Aspartic Acid, Cystine, Glutamic Acid, Glycine, Histidine, Isoleucine, Leucine, Lysine, Methionine, Phenylalanine, Proline, Serine, Threonine, Tryptophan, Tyrosine, Valine	2024-11-29 10:47:42
Sunwarrior Warrior Blend Organic Protein Chocolate Peanut Butter -- 1.65 lb	Sunwarrior	Active Lifestyle & Fitness	Alanine, Arginine, Aspartic Acid, Cystine, Glutamic Acid, Glycine, Histidine, Isoleucine, Leucine, Lysine, Methionine, Phenylalanine, Proline, Serine, Threonine, Tryptophan, Tyrosine, Valine	2024-11-29 10:47:42
Sunwarrior Warrior Blend Organic Protein Maple French Toast -- 1.65 lb	Sunwarrior	Active Lifestyle & Fitness	Alanine, Arginine, Aspartic Acid, Cystine, Glutamic Acid, Glycine, Histidine, Isoleucine, Leucine, Lysine, Methionine, Phenylalanine, Proline, Serine, Threonine, Tryptophan, Tyrosine, Valine	2024-11-29 10:47:42
Sunwarrior Warrior Blend Organic Protein + Greens Chocolate -- 1.65 lb	Sunwarrior	Active Lifestyle & Fitness	Alanine, Arginine, Aspartic Acid, Cystine, Glutamic Acid, Glycine, Histidine, Isoleucine, Leucine, Lysine, Methionine, Phenylalanine, Proline, Serine, Threonine, Tryptophan, Tyrosine, Valine	2024-11-29 10:47:42
Sunwarrior Warrior Blend Organic Protein + Greens Unflavored -- 1.65 lb	Sunwarrior	Active Lifestyle & Fitness	Alanine, Arginine, Aspartic Acid, Cystine, Glutamic Acid, Glycine, Histidine, Isoleucine, Leucine, Lysine, Methionine, Phenylalanine, Proline, Serine, Threonine, Tryptophan, Tyrosine, Valine	2024-11-29 10:47:42
Sunwarrior Warrior Blend Organic Protein + Greens Vanilla -- 1.65 lb	Sunwarrior	Active Lifestyle & Fitness	Alanine, Arginine, Aspartic Acid, Cystine, Glutamic Acid, Glycine, Histidine, Isoleucine, Leucine, Lysine, Methionine, Phenylalanine, Proline, Serine, Threonine, Tryptophan, Tyrosine, Valine	2024-11-29 10:47:42
Sunwarrior Warrior Blend Plant Based Organic Protein Berry -- 1.65 lbs	Sunwarrior	Active Lifestyle & Fitness	Alanine, Arginine, Aspartic Acid, Cystine, Glutamic Acid, Glycine, Histidine, Isoleucine, Leucine, Lysine, Methionine, Phenylalanine, Proline, Serine, Threonine, Tryptophan, Tyrosine, Valine	2024-11-29 10:47:42
Sunwarrior Warrior Blend Plant-Based Organic Protein Chocolate -- 13.2 oz	Sunwarrior	Active Lifestyle & Fitness	Alanine, Arginine, Aspartic Acid, Cystine, Glutamic Acid, Glycine, Histidine, Isoleucine, Leucine, Lysine, Methionine, Phenylalanine, Proline, Serine, Threonine, Tryptophan, Tyrosine, Valine	2024-11-29 10:47:42
Sunwarrior Warrior Blend Plant-Based Organic Protein Mocha -- 1.65 lbs	Sunwarrior	Active Lifestyle & Fitness	Alanine, Arginine, Aspartic Acid, Cystine, Glutamic Acid, Glycine, Histidine, Isoleucine, Leucine, Lysine, Methionine, Phenylalanine, Proline, Serine, Threonine, Tryptophan, Tyrosine, Valine	2024-11-29 10:47:42
Sunwarrior Warrior Blend Plant-Based Organic Protein Mocha -- 13.2 oz	Sunwarrior	Active Lifestyle & Fitness	Alanine, Arginine, Aspartic Acid, Cystine, Glutamic Acid, Glycine, Histidine, Isoleucine, Leucine, Lysine, Methionine, Phenylalanine, Proline, Serine, Threonine, Tryptophan, Tyrosine, Valine	2024-11-29 10:47:42
Sunwarrior Warrior Blend Plant-Based Organic Protein Natural -- 13.2 oz	Sunwarrior	Active Lifestyle & Fitness	Alanine, Arginine, Aspartic Acid, Cystine, Glutamic Acid, Glycine, Histidine, Isoleucine, Leucine, Lysine, Methionine, Phenylalanine, Proline, Serine, Threonine, Tryptophan, Tyrosine, Valine	2024-11-29 10:47:42
Sunwarrior Warrior Blend Plant-Based Organic Protein Vanilla -- 1.65 lbs	Sunwarrior	Active Lifestyle & Fitness	Alanine, Arginine, Aspartic Acid, Cystine, Glutamic Acid, Glycine, Histidine, Isoleucine, Leucine, Lysine, Methionine, Phenylalanine, Proline, Serine, Threonine, Tryptophan, Tyrosine, Valine	2024-11-29 10:47:42
Sunwarrior Warrior Blend Plant-Based Organic Protein Vanilla -- 13.2 oz	Sunwarrior	Active Lifestyle & Fitness	Alanine, Arginine, Aspartic Acid, Cystine, Glutamic Acid, Glycine, Histidine, Isoleucine, Leucine, Lysine, Methionine, Phenylalanine, Proline, Serine, Threonine, Tryptophan, Tyrosine, Valine	2024-11-29 10:47:42
The Honest Company Baby Shampoo + Body Wash Calm Lavender -- 10 fl oz	The Honest Company	Baby & Kids Products	caprylyl glycol, citric acid, citric acid, panthenol, triethyl citrate, glutamic acid, glycerin, maltol, trisodium ethylenediamine disuccinate, sodium benzoate, vanillin	2024-11-29 10:47:42
The Honest Company Baby Shampoo + Body Wash Calm Lavender -- 18 fl oz	The Honest Company	Baby & Kids Products	caprylyl glycol, citric acid, citric acid, panthenol, triethyl citrate, glutamic acid, glycerin, maltol, trisodium ethylenediamine disuccinate, sodium benzoate, vanillin	2024-11-29 10:47:42
The Honest Company Baby Shampoo + Body Wash Nourish Sweet Almond -- 10 fl oz	The Honest Company	Baby & Kids Products	caprylyl glycol, citric acid, anisaldehyde, benzaldehyde, citric acid, gamma-decalactone, panthenol, triethyl citrate, glutamic acid, glycerin, maltitol, trisodium ethylenediamine disuccinate, raspberry ketone, sodium benzoate, vanillin	2024-11-29 10:47:42
The Honest Company Baby Shampoo + Body Wash Refresh Citrus Vanilla -- 18 fl oz	The Honest Company	Baby & Kids Products	caprylyl glycol, orange, citric acid, citric acid, panthenol, triethyl citrate, glutamic acid, glycerin, trisodium ethylenediamine disuccinate, sodium benzoate	2024-11-29 10:47:42
The Honest Company Baby Shampoo + Body Wash Sensitive Fragrance Free -- 10 fl oz	The Honest Company	Baby & Kids Products	caprylyl glycol, panthenol, glutamic acid, glycerin, trisodium ethylenediamine disuccinate, sodium benzoate	2024-11-29 10:47:42
The Honest Company Bubble Bath Calm Lavender -- 12 fl oz	The Honest Company	Baby & Kids Products	caprylyl glycol, citric acid, citric acid, decyl glucoside, panthenol, triethyl citrate, glutamic acid, glycerin, maltol, trisodium ethylenediamine disuccinate, vanillin	2024-11-29 10:47:42
The Honest Company Bubble Bath Nourish Sweet Almond -- 12 fl oz	The Honest Company	Baby & Kids Products	caprylyl glycol, citric acid, anisaldehyde, benzaldehyde, citric acid, gamma-decalactone, decyl glucoside, panthenol, triethyl citrate, glutamic acid, glycerin, maltol, trisodium ethylenediamine disuccinate, raspberry ketone, vanillin	2024-11-29 10:47:42
The Honest Company Bubble Bath Sensitive Fragrance Free -- 12 fl oz	The Honest Company	Baby & Kids Products	caprylyl glycol, decyl glucoside, panthenol, glutamic acid, glycerin, trisodium ethylenediamine disuccinate	2024-11-29 10:47:42
The Honest Company New Mama Care Essentials Gift Set -- 1 Set	The Honest Company	Baby & Kids Products	caprylyl glycol, citric acid, cellulose, cetearyl alcohol, cetyl alcohol, citric acid, tocopherol, tocopherol, glutamic acid, glycerin, glycolic acid, hectorite, microcrystalline cellulose, isopropyl palmitate, isostearyl alcohol, lactic acid, lauric acid, malic acid, maltodextrin, trisodium ethylenediamine disuccinate, propanediol, sodium benzoate, titanium dioxide	2024-11-29 10:47:42
The Honest Company Stay Hydrated Hyaluronic Acid + NMF Serum -- 1 fl oz	The Honest Company	Beauty & Personal Care	caprylyl glycol, PCA, alanine, arginine, betaine, tocopherol, tocopherol, glutamic acid, glycerin, glycine, trisodium ethylenediamine disuccinate, proline, propanediol, serine, sodium lactate, threonine	2024-11-29 10:47:42
Titan Nutrition Whey Toffee Macchiato -- 28 Servings	Titan Nutrition	Active Lifestyle & Fitness	acesulfame potassium, acesulfame potassium, Alanine, Arginine, Aspartic Acid, Cysteine, Glutamic Acid, Glycine, Histidine, Lysine, Methionine, Phenylalanine, Phosphorus, Proline, Serine, Sugar, Threonine, sucralose, Tryptophan, Tyrosine	2024-11-29 10:47:42
Twin Peaks Ingredients Protein Puffs Jalapeno Cheddar -- 10.6 oz	Twin Peaks Ingredients	Active Lifestyle & Fitness	citric acid, Alanine, Arginine, Aspartic Acid, dextrin, citric acid, Cystine, Glutamic Acid, Glycine, Histidine, Isoleucine, Leucine, Lysine, Methionine, Phenylalanine, Proline, Serine, Threonine, Tryptophan, Tyrosine, Valine	2024-11-29 10:47:42
Twin Peaks Ingredients Protein Puffs Jalapeno Cheddar -- 2.1 oz	Twin Peaks Ingredients	Active Lifestyle & Fitness	citric acid, Alanine, Arginine, Aspartic Acid, dextrin, citric acid, Cysteine, Glutamic Acid, Glycine, Histidine, Isoleucine, Leucine, Lysine, Methionine, Phenylalanine, Proline, Serine, Threonine, Tryptophan, Tyrosine, Valine	2024-11-29 10:47:42
Twin Peaks Ingredients Protein Puffs Mesquite Barbecue -- 10.6 oz	Twin Peaks Ingredients	Active Lifestyle & Fitness	citric acid, Alanine, Arginine, Aspartic Acid, citric acid, Cystine, Glutamic Acid, Glycine, Histidine, Isoleucine, Leucine, Lysine, Methionine, Phenylalanine, Proline, Serine, sugar, Threonine, Tryptophan, Tyrosine, Valine	2024-11-29 10:47:42
Twin Peaks Ingredients Protein Puffs Mesquite Barbecue -- 2.1 oz	Twin Peaks Ingredients	Active Lifestyle & Fitness	citric acid, Alanine, Arginine, Aspartic Acid, citric acid, Cysteine, Glutamic Acid, Glycine, Histidine, Isoleucine, Leucine, Lysine, Methionine, Phenylalanine, Proline, Serine, sugar, Threonine, Tryptophan, Tyrosine, Valine	2024-11-29 10:47:42
Twin Peaks Ingredients Protein Puffs Nacho Cheese -- 10.6 oz	Twin Peaks Ingredients	Active Lifestyle & Fitness	citric acid, Alanine, Arginine, Aspartic Acid, citric acid, Cystine, Glutamic Acid, Glycine, Histidine, Isoleucine, lactic acid, Leucine, Lysine, maltodextrin, Methionine, Phenylalanine, Proline, Serine, sugar, Threonine, Tryptophan, Tyrosine, Valine	2024-11-29 10:47:42
Twin Peaks Ingredients Protein Puffs Nacho Cheese -- 2.1 oz	Twin Peaks Ingredients	Active Lifestyle & Fitness	citric acid, Alanine, Arginine, Aspartic Acid, citric acid, Cysteine, Glutamic Acid, Glycine, Histidine, Isoleucine, lactic acid, Leucine, Lysine, maltodextrin, Methionine, Phenylalanine, Proline, Serine, sugar, Threonine, Tryptophan, Tyrosine, Valine	2024-11-29 10:47:42
Twin Peaks Ingredients Protein Puffs Sour Cream & Onion -- 10.6 oz	Twin Peaks Ingredients	Active Lifestyle & Fitness	Alanine, Arginine, Aspartic Acid, Cystine, Glutamic Acid, Glycine, Histidine, Isoleucine, lactic acid, Leucine, Lysine, Methionine, Phenylalanine, Proline, Serine, Threonine, Tryptophan, Tyrosine, Valine	2024-11-29 10:47:42
Twin Peaks Ingredients Protein Puffs Sour Cream & Onion -- 2.1 oz	Twin Peaks Ingredients	Active Lifestyle & Fitness	Alanine, Arginine, Aspartic Acid, Cysteine, Glutamic Acid, Glycine, Histidine, Isoleucine, lactic acid, Leucine, Lysine, Methionine, Phenylalanine, Proline, Serine, Threonine, Tryptophan, Tyrosine, Valine	2024-11-29 10:47:42
Twinlab Amino Fuel® Orange Rush -- 16 fl oz	Twinlab	Active Lifestyle & Fitness	citric acid, Alanine, Arginine, Aspartic Acid, citric acid, Glutamic Acid, Glycine, Histidine, Isoleucine, Leucine, Lysine, Methionine, Phenylalanine, Proline, Serine, sodium benzoate, Threonine, sucralose, Tyrosine, Valine	2024-11-29 10:47:42
Twinlab Amino Fuel® Orange Rush -- 32 fl oz	Twinlab	Active Lifestyle & Fitness	Alanine, Arginine, Aspartic Acid, Glutamic Acid, Glycine, Histidine, Isoleucine, Leucine, Lysine, malic acid, Methionine, Phenylalanine, Proline, Serine, sodium benzoate, Threonine, sucralose, Tyrosine, Valine	2024-11-29 10:47:42
Vega Sport Premium Vegan Protein Powder - NSF Certified for Sport Chocolate -- 45 Servings	Vega	Active Lifestyle & Fitness	Alanine, Arginine, Vitamin C, Aspartic Acid, Cysteine, Glutamic Acid, Glycine, Histidine, Isoleucine, Leucine, Lysine, Methionine, Phenylalanine, Proline, Vitamin A, Serine, Threonine, Tryptophan, Tyrosine, Valine	2024-11-29 10:47:42
Vega Sport Premium Vegan Protein Powder - NSF Certified for Sport Vanilla -- 12 Packets	Vega	Active Lifestyle & Fitness	Alanine, Arginine, Vitamin C, Aspartic Acid, Cystine, Glutamic Acid, Glycine, Histidine, Leucine, Lysine, Methionine, Phenylalanine, Proline, Vitamin A, Serine, Threonine, Tryptophan, Tyrosine, Valine	2024-11-29 10:47:42
Vega Sport Premium Vegan Protein Powder - NSF Certified for Sport Vanilla -- 45 Servings	Vega	Active Lifestyle & Fitness	Alanine, Arginine, Vitamin C, Aspartic Acid, Cysteine, Glutamic Acid, Glycine, Histidine, Isoleucine, Leucine, Lysine, Methionine, Phenylalanine, Proline, Vitamin A, Serine, Threonine, Tryptophan, Tyrosine, Valine	2024-11-29 10:47:42
Vega Sport Premium Vegan Protein Powder- NSF Certified for Sport Vanilla -- 20 Servings	Vega	Active Lifestyle & Fitness	Alanine, Arginine, Vitamin C, Aspartic Acid, Cysteine, Glutamic Acid, Glycine, Histidine, Isoleucine, Leucine, Lysine, Methionine, Phenylalanine, Proline, Vitamin A, Serine, Threonine, Tryptophan, Tyrosine, Valine	2024-11-29 10:47:42
Vega Sport Protein Powder Mocha -- 45 Servings	Vega	Active Lifestyle & Fitness	Alanine, Arginine, Aspartic Acid, Cysteine, Glutamic Acid, Glycine, Histidine, Isoleucine, Leucine, Lysine, Methionine, Phenylalanine, Proline, Serine, Threonine, Tryptophan, Tyrosine, Valine	2024-11-29 10:47:42
Vega Sport Protein Powder Peanut Butter -- 19 Servings	Vega	Active Lifestyle & Fitness	Alanine, Arginine, Aspartic Acid, Cysteine, Glutamic Acid, Glycine, Histidine, Isoleucine, Leucine, Lysine, Methionine, Phenylalanine, Proline, Serine, Threonine, Tryptophan, Tyrosine, Valine	2024-11-29 10:47:42
Vega Sport Protein Powder Peanut Butter -- 45 Servings	Vega	Active Lifestyle & Fitness	Alanine, Arginine, Aspartic Acid, Cysteine, Glutamic Acid, Glycine, Histidine, Isoleucine, Leucine, Lysine, Methionine, Phenylalanine, Proline, Serine, Threonine, Tryptophan, Tyrosine, Valine	2024-11-29 10:47:42
Vega Sport Protein Powder - NSF Certified for Sport Berry -- 19 Servings	Vega	Active Lifestyle & Fitness	citric acid, Alanine, Arginine, Vitamin C, Aspartic Acid, citric acid, Cysteine, Glutamic Acid, Glycine, Histidine, Isoleucine, Leucine, Lysine, Methionine, Phenylalanine, Proline, Vitamin A, Serine, Threonine, Tryptophan, Tyrosine, Valine	2024-11-29 10:47:42
Vega Sport Protein Powder - NSF Certified for Sport Chocolate -- 12 Packets	Vega	Active Lifestyle & Fitness	Alanine, Arginine, Vitamin C, Aspartic Acid, Cystine, Glutamic Acid, Glycine, Histidine, Leucine, Lysine, Methionine, Phenylalanine, Proline, Vitamin A, Serine, Threonine, Tryptophan, Tyrosine, Valine	2024-11-29 10:47:42
Vega Sport Protein Powder - NSF Certified for Sport Chocolate -- 19 Servings	Vega	Active Lifestyle & Fitness	Alanine, Arginine, Vitamin C, Aspartic Acid, Cysteine, Glutamic Acid, Glycine, Histidine, Isoleucine, Leucine, Lysine, Methionine, Phenylalanine, Proline, Vitamin A, Serine, Threonine, Tryptophan, Tyrosine, Valine	2024-11-29 10:47:42
Vega Sport Protein Powder - NSF Certified for Sport Mocha -- 19 Servings	Vega	Active Lifestyle & Fitness	Alanine, Arginine, Vitamin C, Aspartic Acid, Cysteine, Glutamic Acid, Glycine, Histidine, Isoleucine, Leucine, Lysine, Methionine, Phenylalanine, Proline, Vitamin A, Serine, Threonine, Tryptophan, Tyrosine, Valine	2024-11-29 10:47:42
Vega Sport Protein Powder - NSF Certified for Sport - Berry -- 45 Servings	Vega	Active Lifestyle & Fitness	citric acid, Alanine, Arginine, Aspartic Acid, citric acid, Cysteine, Glutamic Acid, Glycine, Histidine, Isoleucine, Leucine, Lysine, Methionine, Phenylalanine, Proline, Serine, Threonine, Tryptophan, Tyrosine, Valine	2024-11-29 10:47:42
Vega Sport Protein Powder Tub - NSF Certified for Sport Chocolate -- 14 Servings	Vega	Active Lifestyle & Fitness	Alanine, Arginine, Aspartic Acid, Cysteine, Glutamic Acid, Glycine, Histidine, Isoleucine, Leucine, Lysine, Methionine, Phenylalanine, Proline, Serine, Threonine, Tryptophan, Tyrosine, Valine	2024-11-29 10:47:42
Vega Sport Protein Powder Tub - NSF Certified for Sport Vanilla -- 14 Servings	Vega	Active Lifestyle & Fitness	Alanine, Arginine, Aspartic Acid, Cysteine, Glutamic Acid, Glycine, Histidine, Isoleucine, Leucine, Lysine, Methionine, Phenylalanine, Proline, Serine, Threonine, Tryptophan, Tyrosine, Valine	2024-11-29 10:47:42
Vital Proteins Collagen Creamer Vanilla -- 10.6 oz	Vital Proteins	Vitamins & Supplements	Alanine, Arginine, Aspartic Acid, Glutamic Acid, Glycine, Hydroxylysine, Hydroxyproline, Proline, Serine, Tyrosine	2024-11-29 10:47:42
Vital Proteins Collagen Creamer Vanilla -- 14 Packets	Vital Proteins	Vitamins & Supplements	Alanine, Arginine, Aspartic Acid, Glutamic Acid, Glycine, Hydroxylysine, Hydroxyproline, Leucine, Proline, Serine, Tyrosine	2024-11-29 10:47:42
Vital Proteins Collagen Gummies Grape -- 120 Gummies	Vital Proteins	Vitamins & Supplements	citric acid, Alanine, Arginine, Aspartic Acid, citric acid, Glutamic Acid, Glycine, Histidine, Hydroxylysine, Hydroxyproline, Isoleucine, lactic acid, Leucine, Lysine, Methionine, Phenylalanine, Proline, Serine, sugar, Threonine, Tryptophan, Tyrosine, Valine	2024-11-29 10:47:42
Vital Proteins Collagen Peptides - NSF Certified for Sport Chocolate -- 13.5 oz	Vital Proteins	Vitamins & Supplements	Alanine, Arginine, Aspartic Acid, Glutamic Acid, Glycine, Hydroxyproline, Proline, Serine, Tyrosine	2024-11-29 10:47:42
Vital Proteins Collagen Peptides - NSF Certified for Sport Lemon -- 11 oz	Vital Proteins	Vitamins & Supplements	Citric acid, Alanine, Arginine, Aspartic Acid, Citric acid, Glutamic Acid, Glycine, Hydroxylysine, Hydroxyproline, Proline, Serine, Tyrosine	2024-11-29 10:47:42
Vital Proteins Collagen Peptides - NSF Certified for Sport Unflavored -- 20 oz	Vital Proteins	Vitamins & Supplements	Alanine, Arginine, Aspartic Acid, Glutamic Acid, Glycine, Hydroxylysine, Hydroxyproline, Proline, Serine, Tyrosine	2024-11-29 10:47:42
Vital Proteins Collagen Peptides - NSF Certified for Sport Vanilla -- 11.5 oz	Vital Proteins	Vitamins & Supplements	Alanine, Arginine, Aspartic Acid, Glutamic Acid, Glycine, Hydroxylysine, Hydroxyproline, Proline, Serine, Tyrosine	2024-11-29 10:47:42
Vital Proteins Collagen Peptides Powder - NSF Certified for Sport Unflavored -- 10 oz	Vital Proteins	Vitamins & Supplements	Alanine, Arginine, Aspartic Acid, Glutamic Acid, Glycine, Hydroxylysine, Hydroxyproline, Isoleucine, Proline, Serine, Tyrosine	2024-11-29 10:47:42
Vital Proteins Collagen Peptides Powder - NSF Certified for Sport Unflavored -- 20 Packets	Vital Proteins	Vitamins & Supplements	Alanine, Arginine, Aspartic Acid, Glutamic Acid, Glycine, Hydroxylysine, Hydroxyproline, Proline, Serine, Tyrosine	2024-11-29 10:47:42
Vital Proteins Marine Collagen Unflavored -- 7.8 oz	Vital Proteins	Vitamins & Supplements	Alanine, Arginine, Aspartic Acid, Cystine, Glutamic Acid, Glycine, Hydroxyproline, Proline, Serine, Tyrosine	2024-11-29 10:47:42
Vital Proteins Marine Collagen Stick Pak Unflavored -- 20 Packets	Vital Proteins	Vitamins & Supplements	Alanine, Arginine, Aspartic Acid, Glutamic Acid, Glycine, Hydroxylysine, Hydroxyproline, Proline, Serine, Tyrosine	2024-11-29 10:47:42
Vital Proteins Vital Performance Protein Isolate Powder - NSF Certified for Sport - Informed Sport Certified Chocolate -- 27.6 oz	Vital Proteins	Active Lifestyle & Fitness	Alanine, Arginine, Aspartic Acid, Cysteine, d-glucose, Glutamic Acid, Glycine, Hydroxylysine, Hydroxyproline, Proline, Serine, Tyrosine	2024-11-29 10:47:42
Vital Proteins Vital Performance Protein Isolate Powder - NSF Certified for Sport - Informed Sport Certified Cold Brew Coffee -- 27.6 oz	Vital Proteins	Active Lifestyle & Fitness	Alanine, Arginine, Aspartic Acid, Caffeine, Cysteine, d-glucose, Glutamic Acid, Glycine, Hydroxylysine, Hydroxyproline, Proline, Serine, Tyrosine	2024-11-29 10:47:42
Vital Proteins Vital Performance Protein Isolate Powder - NSF Certified for Sport - Informed Sport Certified Strawberry -- 26.8 oz	Vital Proteins	Active Lifestyle & Fitness	Alanine, Arginine, Aspartic Acid, Cysteine, d-glucose, Glutamic Acid, Glycine, Hydroxylysine, Hydroxyproline, Proline, Serine, Tyrosine	2024-11-29 10:47:42
Vital Proteins Vital Performance Protein Isolate Powder - NSF Certified for Sport - Informed Sport Certified Vanilla -- 26.8 oz	Vital Proteins	Active Lifestyle & Fitness	Alanine, Arginine, Aspartic Acid, Cysteine, d-glucose, Glutamic Acid, Glycine, Hydroxylysine, Hydroxyproline, Proline, Serine, Tyrosine	2024-11-29 10:47:42
Vitauthority Multi Collagen Burn Strawberry Lemonade -- 20 Servings	Vitauthority	Weight Management	Alanine, Arginine, Vitamin C, Aspartic Acid, Chromium, Cysteine, Glutamic Acid, Glycine, Histidine, Isoleucine, Leucine, Lysine, Malic acid, Methionine, Phenylalanine, Proline, Serine, Threonine, Tryptophan, Tyrosine, Valine	2024-11-29 10:47:42
Vitauthority Multi Collagen Burn Unflavored -- 20 Servings	Vitauthority	Weight Management	Alanine, Arginine, Vitamin C, Aspartic Acid, Chromium, Cysteine, Glutamic Acid, Glycine, Histidine, Isoleucine, Leucine, Lysine, Methionine, Phenylalanine, Proline, Serine, Threonine, Tryptophan, Tyrosine, Valine	2024-11-29 10:47:42
Vitauthority Multi Collagen Burn Powder Strawberry Lemonade -- 11.4 oz	Vitauthority	Weight Management	Alanine, Arginine, Vitamin C, Aspartic Acid, Chromium, Cysteine, Glutamic Acid, Glycine, Histidine, Isoleucine, Leucine, Lysine, Malic acid, Methionine, Phenylalanine, Proline, Serine, Threonine, Tryptophan, Tyrosine, Valine	2024-11-29 10:47:42
Vitauthority Multi Collagen Burn Powder Unflavored -- 8.6 oz	Vitauthority	Weight Management	Alanine, Arginine, Vitamin C, Aspartic Acid, Chromium, Cysteine, Glutamic Acid, Glycine, Histidine, Isoleucine, Leucine, Lysine, Methionine, Phenylalanine, Proline, Serine, Threonine, Tryptophan, Tyrosine, Valine	2024-11-29 10:47:42
Vitauthority Multi Collagen Protein Plus Unflavored -- 30 Servings	Vitauthority	Active Lifestyle & Fitness	Alanine, Arginine, Vitamin C, Aspartic Acid, Cysteine, Glutamic Acid, Glycine, Histidine, Isoleucine, Leucine, Lysine, Methionine, Phenylalanine, Proline, Serine, Threonine, Tryptophan, Tyrosine, Valine	2024-11-29 10:47:42
Vitauthority Multi Collagen Protein Plus Unflavored -- 60 Servings	Vitauthority	Active Lifestyle & Fitness	Alanine, Arginine, Vitamin C, Aspartic Acid, Cysteine, Glutamic Acid, Glycine, Histidine, Isoleucine, Leucine, Lysine, Methionine, Phenylalanine, Proline, Serine, Threonine, Tryptophan, Tyrosine, Valine	2024-11-29 10:47:42
Vitauthority Multi Collagen Protein+ Peach Mango -- 30 Servings	Vitauthority	Active Lifestyle & Fitness	Citric acid, Alanine, Arginine, Vitamin C, Aspartic Acid, Citric acid, Cysteine, Glutamic Acid, Glycine, Histidine, Isoleucine, Leucine, Lysine, malic acid, Methionine, Phenylalanine, Proline, Serine, Threonine, Tryptophan, Tyrosine, Valine	2024-11-29 10:47:42
Vitauthority Multi Collagen Protein+ Pink Lemonade -- 30 Servings	Vitauthority	Active Lifestyle & Fitness	Citric acid, Alanine, Arginine, Vitamin C, Aspartic Acid, Citric acid, Cysteine, Glutamic Acid, Glycine, Histidine, Isoleucine, Leucine, Lysine, malic acid, Methionine, Phenylalanine, Proline, Serine, Threonine, Tryptophan, Tyrosine, Valine	2024-11-29 10:47:42
Vitauthority Multi Collagen Protein+ Strawberry -- 30 Servings	Vitauthority	Active Lifestyle & Fitness	Citric acid, Alanine, Arginine, Vitamin C, Aspartic Acid, Citric acid, Cysteine, Glutamic Acid, Glycine, Histidine, Isoleucine, Leucine, Lysine, malic acid, Methionine, Phenylalanine, Proline, Serine, Threonine, Tryptophan, Tyrosine, Valine	2024-11-29 10:47:42
Vitauthority Multi Collagen Protein+ Tropica Punch -- 30 Servings	Vitauthority	Active Lifestyle & Fitness	Citric acid, Alanine, Arginine, Vitamin C, Aspartic Acid, Citric acid, Cysteine, Glutamic Acid, Glycine, Histidine, Isoleucine, Leucine, Lysine, malic acid, Methionine, Phenylalanine, Proline, Serine, Threonine, Tryptophan, Tyrosine, Valine	2024-11-29 10:47:42
Vitauthority Multi Collagen Protein+ Unflavored -- 20 Packets	Vitauthority	Active Lifestyle & Fitness	Alanine, Arginine, Vitamin C, Aspartic Acid, Cysteine, Glutamic Acid, Glycine, Histidine, Isoleucine, Leucine, Lysine, Methionine, Phenylalanine, Proline, Serine, Threonine, Tryptophan, Tyrosine, Valine	2024-11-29 10:47:42
Youtheory Collagen -- 6000 mg - 290 Tablets	Youtheory	Vitamins & Supplements	Alanine, Arginine, Vitamin C, Aspartic Acid, Glutamic Acid, Glycine, Histidine, Hydroxylysine, Hydroxyproline, Isoleucine, Leucine, Lysine, Methionine, Phenylalanine, Proline, Serine, Threonine, Tyrosine, Valine	2024-11-29 10:47:42
Youtheory Collagen Liquid Natural Berry -- 5000 mg - 12 Packets	Youtheory	Vitamins & Supplements	citric acid, Alanine, Arginine, Aspartic Acid, citric acid, Glutamic Acid, Glycine, Histidine, Hydroxylysine, Hydroxyproline, Isoleucine, Leucine, Lysine, malic acid, Methionine, Phenylalanine, Proline, Serine, Threonine, Tyrosine, Valine	2024-11-29 10:47:42
Zesty Paws Chew No Poo Bites Coprophagia Stool Eating Supplement for Dogs Chicken -- 90 Soft Chews	Zesty Paws	Pet Supplies	Lipase, citric acid, Cellulase, citric acid, Glutamic Acid, powdered cellulose	2024-11-29 10:47:42
Zhou Collagen Peptides Unflavored -- 18 oz	Zhou	Vitamins & Supplements	Alanine, Arginine, Aspartic Acid, Glutamic Acid, Glycine, Histidine, Hydroxyproline, Isoleucine, Leucine, Lysine, Methionine, Phenylalanine, Proline, Serine, Threonine, Tyrosine, Valine	2024-11-29 10:47:42
Zint Beef Gelatin Powder Grass-Fed -- 16 oz	Zint	Active Lifestyle & Fitness	Alanine, Arginine, Asparagine, Aspartic Acid, Cysteine, Glutamic Acid, Glycine, Histidine, Hydroxylysine, Hydroxyproline, Isoleucine, Leucine, Lysine, Methionine, Norvaline, Phenylalanine, Proline, Serine, Threonine, Tyrosine, Valine	2024-11-29 10:47:42
Zint Collagen Peptides Powder Unflavored -- 10 oz	Zint	Vitamins & Supplements	Alanine, Arginine, Aspartic Acid, Glutamic Acid, Glycine, Hydroxyproline, Proline, Serine, Tyrosine	2024-11-29 10:47:42
Zint Collagen Peptides Powder Unflavored -- 16 oz	Zint	Vitamins & Supplements	Alanine, Arginine, Aspartic Acid, Glutamic Acid, Glycine, Histidine, Hydroxylysine, Hydroxyproline, Proline, Serine, Tyrosine	2024-11-29 10:47:42
Zint Collagen Peptides Powder Unflavored -- 2 oz	Zint	Vitamins & Supplements	Alanine, Arginine, Aspartic Acid, Glutamic Acid, Glycine, Hydroxyproline, Proline, Serine, Tyrosine	2024-11-29 10:47:42

Role	Description
neurotransmitter	An endogenous compound that is used to transmit information across the synapse between a neuron and another cell.
nutraceutical	A product in capsule, tablet or liquid form that provide essential nutrients, such as a vitamin, an essential mineral, a protein, an herb, or similar nutritional substance.
micronutrient	Any nutrient required in small quantities by organisms throughout their life in order to orchestrate a range of physiological functions.
Escherichia coli metabolite	Any bacterial metabolite produced during a metabolic reaction in Escherichia coli.
mouse metabolite	Any mammalian metabolite produced during a metabolic reaction in a mouse (Mus musculus).
ferroptosis inducer	Any substance that induces or promotes ferroptosis (a type of programmed cell death dependent on iron and characterized by the accumulation of lipid peroxides) in organisms.
[role information is derived from Chemical Entities of Biological Interest (ChEBI), Hastings J, Owen G, Dekker A, Ennis M, Kale N, Muthukrishnan V, Turner S, Swainston N, Mendes P, Steinbeck C. (2016). ChEBI in 2016: Improved services and an expanding collection of metabolites. Nucleic Acids Res]

Class	Description
glutamic acid	An alpha-amino acid that is glutaric acid bearing a single amino substituent at position 2.
L-alpha-amino acid	Any alpha-amino acid having L-configuration at the alpha-carbon.
glutamine family amino acid	An L-alpha-amino acid which is L-glutamic acid or any of the essential amino acids biosynthesised from it (glutamine, proline and arginine). A closed class.
proteinogenic amino acid	Any of the 23 alpha-amino acids that are precursors to proteins, and are incorporated into proteins during translation. The group includes the 20 amino acids encoded by the nuclear genes of eukaryotes together with selenocysteine, pyrrolysine, and N-formylmethionine. Apart from glycine, which is non-chiral, all have L configuration.
[compound class information is derived from Chemical Entities of Biological Interest (ChEBI), Hastings J, Owen G, Dekker A, Ennis M, Kale N, Muthukrishnan V, Turner S, Swainston N, Mendes P, Steinbeck C. (2016). ChEBI in 2016: Improved services and an expanding collection of metabolites. Nucleic Acids Res]

Pathway	Proteins	Compounds
Alanine Metabolism	5	13
Histidine Metabolism	17	35
Nicotinate and Nicotinamide Metabolism	14	34
Urea Cycle	13	25
Aspartate Metabolism	14	30
beta-Alanine Metabolism	9	27
Glycine and Serine Metabolism	24	52
Arginine and Proline Metabolism	20	47
Glutamate Metabolism	22	44
Purine Metabolism	37	66
Glutathione Metabolism	11	21
Cysteine Metabolism	9	23
Valine, Leucine, and Isoleucine Degradation	28	52
Lysine Degradation	13	24
Tryptophan Metabolism	18	55
Malate-Aspartate Shuttle	4	8
Tyrosine Metabolism	16	57
Glucose-Alanine Cycle	8	10
Propanoate Metabolism	18	37
Amino Sugar Metabolism	17	31
Ammonia Recycling	12	27
Folate Metabolism	12	25
Phenylalanine and Tyrosine Metabolism	11	21
Arachidonic Acid Metabolism	29	66
Primary Hyperoxaluria Type I	5	13
Pyruvate Carboxylase Deficiency	5	13
beta-Ketothiolase Deficiency	28	52
2-Methyl-3-hydroxybutyryl-CoA Dehydrogenase Deficiency	28	52
Propionic Acidemia	28	52
3-Hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-CoA Lyase Deficiency	28	52
Maple Syrup Urine Disease	28	52
3-Methylcrotonyl-CoA Carboxylase Deficiency Type I	28	52
3-Methylglutaconic Aciduria Type I	28	52
3-Methylglutaconic Aciduria Type III	28	52
Methylmalonate Semialdehyde Dehydrogenase Deficiency	28	52
Methylmalonic Aciduria	28	52
4-Hydroxybutyric Aciduria/Succinic Semialdehyde Dehydrogenase Deficiency	22	44
Homocarnosinosis	22	44
Hyperinsulinism-Hyperammonemia Syndrome	22	44
Glutathione Synthetase Deficiency	11	21
5-Oxoprolinuria	11	21
Adenosine Deaminase Deficiency	37	66
Adenylosuccinate Lyase Deficiency	37	66
Gout or Kelley-Seegmiller Syndrome	37	66
Lesch-Nyhan Syndrome (LNS)	37	66
Molybdenum Cofactor Deficiency	37	66
Xanthine Dehydrogenase Deficiency (Xanthinuria)	37	66
Purine Nucleoside Phosphorylase Deficiency	37	66
AICA-Ribosiduria	37	66
Prolidase Deficiency (PD)	20	47
Arginine: Glycine Amidinotransferase Deficiency (AGAT Deficiency)	20	47
Hyperprolinemia Type II	20	47
Hyperprolinemia Type I	20	47
Prolinemia Type II	20	47
Guanidinoacetate Methyltransferase Deficiency (GAMT Deficiency)	20	47
Ornithine Aminotransferase Deficiency (OAT Deficiency)	20	47
Isovaleric Aciduria	28	52
Canavan Disease	14	30
Hypoacetylaspartia	14	30
GABA-Transaminase Deficiency	9	27
gamma-Glutamyltransferase Deficiency	11	21
Saccharopinuria/Hyperlysinemia II	13	24
Histidinemia	17	35
Lactic Acidemia	5	13
Leukotriene C4 Synthesis Deficiency	29	66
Phenylketonuria	11	21
Tyrosinemia Type 2 (or Richner-Hanhart Syndrome)	11	21
Tyrosinemia Type 3 (TYRO3)	11	21
Sialuria or French Type Sialuria	17	31
Salla Disease/Infantile Sialic Acid Storage Disease	17	31
Piroxicam Action Pathway	29	67
Acetylsalicylic Acid Action Pathway	29	67
Etodolac Action Pathway	29	67
Ketoprofen Action Pathway	29	67
Ibuprofen Action Pathway	50	76
Rofecoxib Action Pathway	29	67
Diclofenac Action Pathway	29	67
Sulindac Action Pathway	29	67
Celecoxib Action Pathway	35	73
Ketorolac Action Pathway	29	67
Alkaptonuria	16	57
Hawkinsinuria	16	57
Tyrosinemia Type I	16	57
Argininemia	13	25
Argininosuccinic Aciduria	13	25
Citrullinemia Type I	13	25
Ornithine Transcarbamylase Deficiency (OTC Deficiency)	13	25
Carbamoyl Phosphate Synthetase Deficiency	13	25
Dimethylglycine Dehydrogenase Deficiency	24	52
Dihydropyrimidine Dehydrogenase Deficiency (DHPD)	24	52
Sarcosinemia	24	52
Malonic Aciduria	18	37
Methylmalonic Aciduria Due to Cobalamin-Related Disorders	18	37
Non-Ketotic Hyperglycinemia	24	52
2-Hydroxyglutric Aciduria (D and L Form)	22	44
3-Methylglutaconic Aciduria Type IV	28	52
Tay-Sachs Disease	17	31
Suprofen Action Pathway	29	67
Bromfenac Action Pathway	29	67
Indomethacin Action Pathway	30	67
Mefenamic Acid Action Pathway	29	67
Oxaprozin Action Pathway	29	67
Nabumetone Action Pathway	29	67
Naproxen Action Pathway	29	67
Diflunisal Action Pathway	29	67
Azathioprine Action Pathway	47	82
Mercaptopurine Action Pathway	47	80
Methotrexate Action Pathway	12	26
Meloxicam Action Pathway	29	67
Valdecoxib Action Pathway	29	67
Thioguanine Action Pathway	47	81
Disulfiram Action Pathway	23	66
Hyperglycinemia, Non-Ketotic	24	52
Ureidopropionase Deficiency	9	27
Carnosinuria, Carnosinemia	9	27
Tyrosinemia, Transient, of the Newborn	16	57
Dopamine beta-Hydroxylase Deficiency	16	57
beta-Mercaptolactate-Cysteine Disulfiduria	9	23
5-Oxoprolinase Deficiency	11	21
gamma-Glutamyltranspeptidase Deficiency	11	21
Malonyl-CoA Decarboxylase Deficiency	18	37
Creatine Deficiency, Guanidinoacetate Methyltransferase Deficiency	20	47
Hyperornithinemia with Gyrate Atrophy (HOGA)	20	47
Hyperornithinemia-Hyperammonemia-Homocitrullinuria [HHH-syndrome]	20	47
L-Arginine:Glycine Amidinotransferase Deficiency	20	47
Xanthinuria Type I	37	66
Xanthinuria Type II	37	66
3-Hydroxyisobutyric Acid Dehydrogenase Deficiency	28	52
3-Hydroxyisobutyric Aciduria	28	52
Isobutyryl-CoA Dehydrogenase Deficiency	28	52
Isovaleric Acidemia	28	52
Hyperlysinemia I, Familial	13	24
Hyperlysinemia II or Saccharopinuria	13	24
Monoamine Oxidase-A Deficiency (MAO-A)	16	57
G(M2)-Gangliosidosis: Variant B, Tay-Sachs Disease	17	31
Adenine Phosphoribosyltransferase Deficiency (APRT)	37	66
Mitochondrial DNA Depletion Syndrome-3	37	66
Myoadenylate Deaminase Deficiency	37	66
Succinic Semialdehyde Dehydrogenase Deficiency	22	44
Pyridoxine Dependency with Seizures	13	24
Warburg Effect	46	52
Antipyrine Action Pathway	29	67
Antrafenine Action Pathway	29	67
Carprofen Action Pathway	29	67
Etoricoxib Action Pathway	29	67
Fenoprofen Action Pathway	29	67
Flurbiprofen Action Pathway	29	67
Magnesium Salicylate Action Pathway	29	67
Lumiracoxib Action Pathway	29	67
Lornoxicam Action Pathway	29	67
Phenylbutazone Action Pathway	29	67
Nepafenac Action Pathway	29	67
Trisalicylate-Choline Action Pathway	29	67
Tolmetin Action Pathway	29	67
Tiaprofenic Acid Action Pathway	29	67
Tenoxicam Action Pathway	29	67
Salsalate Action Pathway	29	67
Salicylate-Sodium Action Pathway	29	67
Salicylic Acid Action Pathway	29	67
Acetaminophen Action Pathway	29	67
2-Aminoadipic 2-Oxoadipic Aciduria	13	24
3-Phosphoglycerate Dehydrogenase Deficiency	24	52
Cystinosis, Ocular Nonnephropathic	9	23
Folate Malabsorption, Hereditary	12	25
Nitrogen Metabolism	26	22
D-Glutamine and D-Glutamate Metabolism	15	17
Lysine Biosynthesis	19	24
Inner Membrane Transport	78	62
L-Alanine Metabolism	10	16
L-Glutamate Metabolism	24	20
Arginine Metabolism	28	48
Ornithine Metabolism	16	31
Proline Metabolism	8	16
tRNA Charging	52	27
Cysteine Biosynthesis	13	29
tRNA Charging 2	22	25
Tyrosine Biosynthesis	5	19
Phenylalanine Biosynthesis	3	9
Serine Biosynthesis and Metabolism	10	20
Histidine Biosynthesis	8	21
Leucine Biosynthesis	8	16
Valine Biosynthesis	9	12
Asparagine Biosynthesis	6	12
Threonine Biosynthesis	11	23
Isoleucine Biosynthesis	16	22
NAD Biosynthesis	5	20
NAD Salvage	6	20
Lipopolysaccharide Biosynthesis	41	53
Amino Sugar and Nucleotide Sugar Metabolism I	17	33
Amino Sugar and Nucleotide Sugar Metabolism III	23	40
Peptidoglycan Biosynthesis I	30	36
Folate Biosynthesis	11	26
Purine Nucleotides De Novo Biosynthesis	29	45
Phenylalanine Metabolism	10	13
Secondary Metabolites: Enterobacterial Common Antigen Biosynthesis	9	17
Secondary Metabolites: Cysteine Biosynthesis from Serine	7	20
Secondary Metabolites: Valine and L-Leucine Biosynthesis from Pyruvate	10	24
Secondary Metabolites: Leucine Biosynthesis	7	16
Secondary Metabolites: Histidine Biosynthesis	8	20
Lipopolysaccharide Biosynthesis II	40	53
Tryptophan Metabolism II	6	23
Glutathione Metabolism II	11	22
Glutathione Metabolism III	12	19
Thiamin Diphosphate Biosynthesis	10	27
Purine Nucleotides De Novo Biosynthesis 2	29	45
Secondary Metabolites: Enterobacterial Common Antigen Biosynthesis 2	9	17
Secondary Metabolites: Enterobacterial Common Antigen Biosynthesis 3	8	20
Polymyxin Resistance	4	18
Putrescine Degradation II	8	15
Lipopolysaccharide Biosynthesis III	33	52
Peptidoglycan Biosynthesis II	30	37
Hydrogen Sulfide Biosynthesis I	5	11
4-Aminobutanoate Degradation I	3	9
O-Antigen Building Blocks Biosynthesis	9	22
Asparagine Metabolism	4	12
The Oncogenic Action of 2-Hydroxyglutarate	27	34
Glutaminolysis and Cancer	35	36
4-Aminobutanoate Degradation	2	9
Glycine Metabolism	11	27
Serine Metabolism	10	25
Amino Sugar and Nucleotide Sugar Metabolism	22	29
Tetrahydrofolate Biosynthesis	8	29
Lysine Metabolism	7	22
NAD Metabolism	14	35
The Oncogenic Action of L-2-Hydroxyglutarate in Hydroxyglutaric aciduria	28	35
The Oncogenic Action of D-2-Hydroxyglutarate in Hydroxyglutaric aciduria	29	36
Vitamin B6	2	28
Valine Degradation	7	10
Leucine Degradation	6	10
Isoleucine Degradation	7	9
Glutamine Metabolism	22	25
Glutamic Acid Metabolism	13	17
Nicotinate and Nicotinamide metabolism ( Nicotinate and Nicotinamide metabolism )	22	25
Plastoquinol-9 Biosynthesis	6	16
Folate Polyglutamylation	3	9
Butanoate Metabolism	9	22
Isoquinoline Alkaloid Biosynthesis	5	13
Tropane, Piperidine, and Pyridine Alkaloid Biosynthesis	6	17
2-Methyl-3-hydroxybutryl-CoA Dehydrogenase Deficiency	29	52
Mitochondrial DNA Depletion Syndrome	35	66
Alanine,Aspartic acid and Asparagine metabolism ( Alanine,Aspartic acid and Asparagine metabolism )	22	37
2-Oxo-glutaric acid + L-Aspartic acid = L-Glutamic acid + Oxaloacetic acid ( Alanine,Aspartic acid and Asparagine metabolism )	2	4
L-Alanine + 2-Oxo-glutaric acid = Pyruvic acid + L-Glutamic acid ( Glycolysis and Gluconeogenesis )	2	4
2-Oxo-glutaric acid + beta-Alanine = L-Glutamic acid + Malonate semialdehyde ( Pyrimidine Nucleotides and Nucleosides metabolism )	1	4
Aminosugars metabolism ( Aminosugars metabolism )	15	29
L-Glutamine + D-Fructose 6-phosphate = L-Glutamic acid + D-Glucosamine 6-phosphate ( Fructose and Mannose metabolism )	2	4
2-Oxo-glutaric acid + 4-Amino-butanoic acid = L-Glutamic acid + Succinate semialdehyde ( Glutamic acid and Glutamine metabolism )	1	4
Arginine and Proline metabolism ( Arginine and Proline metabolism )	42	55
2-Oxo acid + L-Ornithine = L-Amino acid + L-Glutamate 5-semialdehyde ( Arginine and Proline metabolism )	1	4
2-Oxo-glutaric acid + N2-Succinyl-L-ornithine = L-Glutamic acid + N2-Succinyl-L-glutamate 5-semialdehyde ( Arginine and Proline metabolism )	1	4
2-Oxo-glutaric acid + L-erythro-4-Hydroxy-glutamic acid = L-Glutamic acid + D-4-Hydroxy-2-oxo-glutaric acid ( Arginine and Proline metabolism )	2	4
NAD+ + L-Glutamic acid + H2O = NADH + 2-Oxo-glutaric acid + NH3 ( Glutamic acid and Glutamine metabolism )	2	6
ATP + L-Glutamic acid + NH3 = ADP + L-Glutamine + Orthophosphate ( Glutamic acid and Glutamine metabolism )	1	6
Folate metabolism ( Folate metabolism )	20	39
5-Formimino-tetrahydro-folic acid + L-Glutamic acid = L-Tetrahydro-folic acid + N-Formimino-L-glutamic acid ( Histidine degradation )	1	4
Glutamic acid and Glutamine metabolism ( Glutamic acid and Glutamine metabolism )	19	26
L-Glutamine + H2O = L-Glutamic acid + NH3 ( Glutamic acid and Glutamine metabolism )	2	4
2-Oxo-glutaric acid + L-Cysteine = L-Glutamic acid + 3-Mercapto-pyruvic acid ( Glycine and Serine metabolism )	2	4
Glycine and Serine metabolism ( Glycine and Serine metabolism )	36	49
2-Oxo-glutaric acid + L-O-Phospho-serine = L-Glutamic acid + 3-Phospho-hydroxy-pyruvic acid ( Glycine and Serine metabolism )	1	4
Histidine degradation ( Histidine degradation )	23	26
Lysine degradation ( Lysine degradation )	20	29
NAD+ + L-Saccharopine + H2O = NADH + L-2-Amino-adipate 6-semialdehyde + L-Glutamic acid ( Lysine degradation )	1	6
L-2-Amino-adipic acid + 2-Oxo-glutaric acid = 2-Oxo-adipic acid + L-Glutamic acid ( Lysine degradation )	1	4
N6-Acetyl-L-lysine + 2-Oxo-glutaric acid = 6-Acetamido-2-oxo-hexanoic acid + L-Glutamic acid ( Lysine degradation )	1	4
Methionine and Cysteine metabolism ( Methionine and Cysteine metabolism )	23	42
2-Oxo-glutaric acid + L-Cysteine = L-Glutamic acid + 3-Mercapto-pyruvic acid ( Methionine and Cysteine metabolism )	2	4
2-Oxo-glutaric acid + L-Cysteine-sulfinic acid = L-Glutamic acid + 3-Sulfinyl-pyruvic acid ( Methionine and Cysteine metabolism )	2	4
2-Oxo-glutaric acid + L-Cysteic acid = L-Glutamic acid + 3-Sulfo-pyruvic acid ( Methionine and Cysteine metabolism )	2	4
Phenylalanine degradation ( Phenylalanine degradation )	13	14
2-Oxo-glutaric acid + L-Phenylalanine = L-Glutamic acid + Phenyl-pyruvic acid ( Phenylalanine degradation )	1	4
Prostaglandin and Leukotriene metabolism ( Prostaglandin and Leukotriene metabolism )	22	23
Purine nucleotides and Nucleosides metabolism ( Purine nucleotides and Nucleosides metabolism )	105	77
Tyrosine metabolism ( Tyrosine metabolism )	28	41
2-Oxo-glutaric acid + L-Tyrosine = L-Glutamic acid + 4-Hydroxy-phenyl-pyruvic acid ( Tyrosine metabolism )	1	4
Valine,Leucine and Isoleucine degradation ( Valine,Leucine and Isoleucine degradation )	29	36
2-Oxo-glutaric acid + L-Valine = L-Glutamic acid + 3-Methyl-2-oxo-butanoic acid ( Valine,Leucine and Isoleucine degradation )	2	4
2-Oxo-glutaric acid + L-Leucine = L-Glutamic acid + 4-Methyl-2-oxo-pentanoic acid ( Valine,Leucine and Isoleucine degradation )	2	4
2-Oxo-glutaric acid + L-Isoleucine = L-Glutamic acid + (R)-2-Oxo-3-methyl-pentanoic acid ( Valine,Leucine and Isoleucine degradation )	2	4
Vitamin B6 metabolism ( Vitamin B6 metabolism )	4	17
Amino acid metabolism pathway excerpt: histidine catabolism extension	0	16
Chitin Biosynthesis	9	21
Protein Synthesis: Glutamic Acid	80	4
Camalexin Biosynthesis	8	21
The impact of Nsp14 on metabolism (COVID-19 Disease Map)	0	84
Pyrimidine synthesis and deprivation pathway (COVID-19 Disease Maps)	13	29
Oxidative stress and redox pathway	0	19
Orexin receptor pathway	29	15
Amino acid metabolism in triple-negative breast cancer cells	0	16
Dravet syndrome: Scn1a-A1783V point mutation model	78	9
Amino acid transport defects (IEMs)	9	25
Metabolic Epileptic Disorders	25	89
NAD biosynthesis I from aspartate	0	20
NAD salvage pathway I	0	17
Folic acid network	0	70
Relationship between glutathione and NADPH	0	36
Tyrosine biosynthesis	0	8
Cadmium and glutathione	1	13
AtMetExpress overview	0	109
Glutathione and one-carbon metabolism	0	10
Neurotransmitter release cycle	0	21
NAD biosynthesis II from tryptophan	0	24
Glutathione metabolism	0	13
Trans-sulfuration pathway	0	14
Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS)	3	10
NAD biosynthesis II (from tryptophan)	0	24
Methionine de novo and salvage pathway	1	48
Metabolism overview	0	78
Biochemical pathways: part I	0	466
ERK pathway in Huntington's disease	0	1
Cannabinoid receptor signaling	0	20
Amino acid metabolism	0	94
NO/cGMP/PKG mediated neuroprotection	0	16
GABA metabolism (aka GHB)	11	28
Phosphodiesterases in neuronal function	0	13
Purine metabolism and related disorders	23	53
Disorders of folate metabolism and transport	18	27
PCO cycle	8	24

Protein	Taxonomy	Measurement	Average (µ)	Min (ref.)	Avg (ref.)	Max (ref.)	Bioassay(s)
glp-1 receptor, partial	Homo sapiens (human)	Potency	9.2000	0.0184	6.8060	14.1254	AID624148
thioredoxin reductase	Rattus norvegicus (Norway rat)	Potency	7.0795	0.1000	20.8793	79.4328	AID588453
phosphopantetheinyl transferase	Bacillus subtilis	Potency	50.1187	0.1413	37.9142	100.0000	AID1490
GLS protein	Homo sapiens (human)	Potency	12.5893	0.3548	7.9355	39.8107	AID624146; AID624170
TDP1 protein	Homo sapiens (human)	Potency	14.5810	0.0008	11.3822	44.6684	AID686978
AR protein	Homo sapiens (human)	Potency	26.8325	0.0002	21.2231	8,912.5098	AID743063
regulator of G-protein signaling 4	Homo sapiens (human)	Potency	0.0198	0.5318	15.4358	37.6858	AID504845
estrogen nuclear receptor alpha	Homo sapiens (human)	Potency	29.2645	0.0002	29.3054	16,493.5996	AID743069; AID743078
euchromatic histone-lysine N-methyltransferase 2	Homo sapiens (human)	Potency	10.6213	0.0355	20.9770	89.1251	AID504332
beta-2 adrenergic receptor	Homo sapiens (human)	Potency	20.5962	0.0058	6.0263	32.6427	AID485366
peptidyl-prolyl cis-trans isomerase NIMA-interacting 1	Homo sapiens (human)	Potency	8.4921	0.4256	12.0591	28.1838	AID504536
Chain A, JmjC domain-containing histone demethylation protein 3A	Homo sapiens (human)	Potency	3.5481	0.6310	35.7641	100.0000	AID504339
phosphopantetheinyl transferase	Bacillus subtilis	Potency	89.1251	0.1413	37.9142	100.0000	AID1490
bromodomain adjacent to zinc finger domain 2B	Homo sapiens (human)	Potency	89.1251	0.7079	36.9043	89.1251	AID504333
chromobox protein homolog 1	Homo sapiens (human)	Potency	70.7946	0.0060	26.1688	89.1251	AID540317
DNA polymerase iota isoform a (long)	Homo sapiens (human)	Potency	89.1251	0.0501	27.0736	89.1251	AID588590
geminin	Homo sapiens (human)	Potency	18.3564	0.0046	11.3741	33.4983	AID624297
[prepared from compound, protein, and bioassay information from National Library of Medicine (NLM), extracted Dec-2023]

Protein	Taxonomy	Measurement	Average	Min (ref.)	Avg (ref.)	Max (ref.)	Bioassay(s)
Chain A, GLUTAMATE RECEPTOR SUBUNIT 2	Rattus norvegicus (Norway rat)	IC50 (µMol)	0.8210	0.8210	5.4397	14.5000	AID977608
Chain A, Glutamate Receptor Subunit 2	Rattus norvegicus (Norway rat)	IC50 (µMol)	0.8210	0.8210	5.4397	14.5000	AID977608
Chain B, Glutamate Receptor Subunit 2	Rattus norvegicus (Norway rat)	IC50 (µMol)	0.8210	0.8210	5.4397	14.5000	AID977608
Chain A, Glucosamine--fructose-6-phosphate aminotransferase [isomerizing]	Escherichia coli	Ki	15.0000	15.0000	15.0000	15.0000	AID977610
Metabotropic glutamate receptor 8	Homo sapiens (human)	IC50 (µMol)	0.0057	0.0051	0.0603	0.1700	AID242207
Metabotropic glutamate receptor 8	Homo sapiens (human)	Ki	9.5000	0.0610	3.6885	9.5000	AID107274
Metabotropic glutamate receptor 6	Homo sapiens (human)	Ki	38.0000	0.4000	2.5000	5.8000	AID107093
Glutamate receptor ionotropic, NMDA 2D	Homo sapiens (human)	IC50 (µMol)	0.0700	0.0040	1.7351	9.8000	AID1915496; AID711557
Excitatory amino acid transporter 4	Rattus norvegicus (Norway rat)	IC50 (µMol)	12.6930	2.2909	3.0000	3.9000	AID1356072; AID1725862
Glutamate receptor ionotropic, NMDA 3B	Homo sapiens (human)	IC50 (µMol)	0.0700	0.0040	1.6579	9.8000	AID1915496; AID711557
Glutathione reductase, mitochondrial	Homo sapiens (human)	IC50 (µMol)	53.7000	1.0000	4.5500	8.1000	AID617311
Glutathione reductase, mitochondrial	Homo sapiens (human)	Ki	42.7000	0.8000	3.4500	6.1000	AID617312
ATP-citrate synthase	Rattus norvegicus (Norway rat)	Ki	300.0000	0.1500	4.7571	8.0000	AID1408667
Glutamate receptor 1	Rattus norvegicus (Norway rat)	IC50 (µMol)	0.5885	0.0001	1.6179	10.0000	AID1553721; AID262621; AID92350; AID92501
Glutamate receptor 1	Rattus norvegicus (Norway rat)	Ki	0.6345	0.0000	0.4105	2.7800	AID391442; AID92646
Glutamate receptor 2	Rattus norvegicus (Norway rat)	IC50 (µMol)	0.5885	0.0001	1.7000	10.0000	AID1553721; AID262621; AID92350; AID92501
Glutamate receptor 2	Rattus norvegicus (Norway rat)	Ki	0.4452	0.0000	0.6853	6.3000	AID391443; AID478466; AID723875; AID92646
Glutamate receptor 3	Rattus norvegicus (Norway rat)	IC50 (µMol)	0.5885	0.0001	1.7000	10.0000	AID1553721; AID262621; AID92350; AID92501
Glutamate receptor 3	Rattus norvegicus (Norway rat)	Ki	2.3123	0.0000	0.7177	7.4000	AID391444; AID723866; AID723867; AID92646
Glutamate receptor 4	Rattus norvegicus (Norway rat)	IC50 (µMol)	0.5885	0.0001	1.7000	10.0000	AID1553721; AID262621; AID92350; AID92501
Glutamate receptor 4	Rattus norvegicus (Norway rat)	Ki	0.7270	0.0000	0.5277	3.5700	AID391445; AID92646
Glutamate receptor ionotropic, kainate 1	Rattus norvegicus (Norway rat)	IC50 (µMol)	0.3800	0.0070	0.9821	7.0000	AID93557; AID93565; AID93569
Glutamate receptor ionotropic, kainate 1	Rattus norvegicus (Norway rat)	Ki	0.1284	0.0007	1.7175	8.1800	AID339927; AID391446; AID478467; AID723874; AID93739
Metabotropic glutamate receptor 1	Rattus norvegicus (Norway rat)	Ki	0.3400	0.0079	0.3145	0.9000	AID108493
Metabotropic glutamate receptor 4	Rattus norvegicus (Norway rat)	Ki	3.4000	0.1600	1.7800	3.4000	AID258681; AID295065
Glutamate receptor ionotropic, NMDA 1	Rattus norvegicus (Norway rat)	IC50 (µMol)	0.1533	0.0007	1.6003	10.0000	AID144612; AID144621; AID145038; AID1698635
Glutamate receptor ionotropic, NMDA 1	Rattus norvegicus (Norway rat)	Ki	8.4949	0.0003	0.8666	6.6900	AID145324; AID1553723; AID298026; AID339909; AID478464
Glutamate receptor ionotropic, kainate 1	Homo sapiens (human)	Ki	0.7010	0.0007	1.7508	4.8000	AID93247; AID93250
Metabotropic glutamate receptor 5	Homo sapiens (human)	Ki	4.3167	0.0005	0.5463	8.2000	AID107059; AID298024; AID411490
Glutamate receptor ionotropic, kainate 2	Rattus norvegicus (Norway rat)	IC50 (µMol)	0.3800	0.0070	1.0132	7.0000	AID93557; AID93565; AID93569
Glutamate receptor ionotropic, kainate 2	Rattus norvegicus (Norway rat)	Ki	0.9566	0.0037	0.8025	4.1000	AID257202; AID262622; AID339928; AID391447; AID478468; AID723873; AID93739
Glutamate receptor 1	Homo sapiens (human)	IC50 (µMol)	0.6130	0.0190	1.7083	6.5100	AID255256
Glutamate receptor 1	Homo sapiens (human)	Ki	1.3607	0.0147	2.5037	9.2000	AID92951; AID92952; AID92953
Glutamate receptor 2	Homo sapiens (human)	IC50 (µMol)	0.6130	0.0190	1.6403	5.5000	AID255256
Glutamate receptor 2	Homo sapiens (human)	Ki	0.9400	0.0168	1.2772	5.0000	AID92962; AID92963; AID92964
Glutamate receptor 3	Homo sapiens (human)	IC50 (µMol)	0.6130	0.0190	1.1342	4.8000	AID255256
Glutamate receptor ionotropic, kainate 3	Rattus norvegicus (Norway rat)	IC50 (µMol)	0.3800	0.0070	1.0132	7.0000	AID93557; AID93565; AID93569
Glutamate receptor ionotropic, kainate 3	Rattus norvegicus (Norway rat)	Ki	0.4201	0.0038	0.7975	4.1000	AID339929; AID478469; AID723872; AID93739
Excitatory amino acid transporter 1	Homo sapiens (human)	IC50 (µMol)	76.4503	0.1200	89.3825	1,000.0000	AID1356069; AID1725865; AID1745862; AID1745864
Excitatory amino acid transporter 2	Homo sapiens (human)	IC50 (µMol)	65.9784	0.9550	4.4654	11.0000	AID1356070; AID1725866
Excitatory amino acid transporter 3	Homo sapiens (human)	IC50 (µMol)	41.1195	0.8000	15.9060	161.0000	AID1356071; AID1725867
Excitatory amino acid transporter 3	Homo sapiens (human)	Ki	25.0848	0.0510	4.0071	6.6000	AID339909
Glutamate receptor 4	Homo sapiens (human)	IC50 (µMol)	0.6130	0.0190	1.2223	4.8000	AID255256
Glutamate receptor 4	Homo sapiens (human)	Ki	0.8680	0.0400	1.2335	8.8500	AID93111; AID93112; AID93113
Metabotropic glutamate receptor 8	Rattus norvegicus (Norway rat)	Ki	3.4000	1.9000	2.6500	3.4000	AID258682; AID295066
Fatty-acid amide hydrolase 1	Rattus norvegicus (Norway rat)	Ki	0.3900	0.0006	0.1619	2.0000	AID298024
Glutamate receptor ionotropic, NMDA 2A	Rattus norvegicus (Norway rat)	IC50 (µMol)	0.1533	0.0007	1.6306	10.0000	AID144612; AID144621; AID145038; AID1698635
Glutamate receptor ionotropic, NMDA 2A	Rattus norvegicus (Norway rat)	Ki	8.4949	0.0003	0.6805	6.6900	AID145324; AID1553723; AID298026; AID339909; AID478464
Glutamate receptor ionotropic, NMDA 2B	Rattus norvegicus (Norway rat)	IC50 (µMol)	0.1533	0.0006	1.5257	10.0000	AID144612; AID144621; AID145038; AID1698635
Glutamate receptor ionotropic, NMDA 2B	Rattus norvegicus (Norway rat)	Ki	8.4949	0.0003	0.7071	6.6900	AID145324; AID1553723; AID298026; AID339909; AID478464
Glutamate receptor ionotropic, NMDA 2C	Rattus norvegicus (Norway rat)	IC50 (µMol)	0.1533	0.0007	1.7472	10.0000	AID144612; AID144621; AID145038; AID1698635
Glutamate receptor ionotropic, NMDA 2C	Rattus norvegicus (Norway rat)	Ki	8.4949	0.0003	0.8196	6.6900	AID145324; AID1553723; AID298026; AID339909; AID478464
Glutamate receptor ionotropic, kainate 4	Rattus norvegicus (Norway rat)	IC50 (µMol)	0.3800	0.0070	1.0132	7.0000	AID93557; AID93565; AID93569
Glutamate receptor ionotropic, kainate 4	Rattus norvegicus (Norway rat)	Ki	0.0630	0.0047	1.5919	4.1000	AID93739
Glutamate carboxypeptidase 2	Homo sapiens (human)	IC50 (µMol)	428.0000	0.0003	0.8316	9.5000	AID1797641; AID291424
Glutamate receptor ionotropic, NMDA 1	Homo sapiens (human)	IC50 (µMol)	0.0700	0.0010	1.8877	9.8000	AID1915496; AID711557
Glutamate receptor ionotropic, NMDA 2A	Homo sapiens (human)	IC50 (µMol)	0.0700	0.0010	1.9958	9.8000	AID1915496; AID711557
Glutamate receptor ionotropic, kainate 2	Homo sapiens (human)	Ki	1.1060	0.0012	0.3344	1.1060	AID93265; AID93395
Glutamate receptor ionotropic, kainate 3	Homo sapiens (human)	Ki	0.7890	0.0100	0.3995	0.7890	AID93407; AID93408
Glutamate receptor ionotropic, NMDA 2B	Homo sapiens (human)	IC50 (µMol)	0.0700	0.0040	1.3325	9.8000	AID1915496; AID711557
Metabotropic glutamate receptor 1	Homo sapiens (human)	Ki	3.6067	0.0003	3.5363	10.0000	AID108489; AID298022; AID411489
Metabotropic glutamate receptor 2	Homo sapiens (human)	Ki	7.6500	0.0027	0.7158	6.4000	AID108836; AID108837; AID298023; AID411491
Metabotropic glutamate receptor 7	Homo sapiens (human)	Ki	5,400.0000	0.9900	0.9900	0.9900	AID107261
Metabotropic glutamate receptor 3	Homo sapiens (human)	Ki	9.0000	0.0013	0.6154	9.0000	AID109164
Metabotropic glutamate receptor 4	Homo sapiens (human)	Ki	5.6000	0.1600	1.1567	2.4000	AID109341; AID109463; AID298025; AID411492
Glutamate receptor ionotropic, NMDA 2C	Homo sapiens (human)	IC50 (µMol)	0.0700	0.0040	1.8633	9.8000	AID1915496; AID711557
Glutamate receptor ionotropic, kainate 5	Homo sapiens (human)	Ki	0.7337	0.0080	0.7155	2.1440	AID74822; AID93254; AID93411
Glutamate receptor ionotropic, NMDA 2D	Rattus norvegicus (Norway rat)	IC50 (µMol)	0.1533	0.0007	1.7411	10.0000	AID144612; AID144621; AID145038; AID1698635
Glutamate receptor ionotropic, NMDA 2D	Rattus norvegicus (Norway rat)	Ki	8.4949	0.0003	0.7072	6.6900	AID145324; AID1553723; AID298026; AID339909; AID478464
Glutamate receptor ionotropic, kainate 5	Rattus norvegicus (Norway rat)	IC50 (µMol)	0.3800	0.0070	1.0132	7.0000	AID93557; AID93565; AID93569
Glutamate receptor ionotropic, kainate 5	Rattus norvegicus (Norway rat)	Ki	0.0630	0.0150	1.5945	4.1000	AID93739
Prolyl 4-hydroxylase	Paramecium bursaria Chlorella virus 1	IC50 (µMol)	1,000.0000	5.0000	6.2667	8.5000	AID1543452
Glutamate receptor ionotropic, NMDA 3A	Homo sapiens (human)	IC50 (µMol)	0.0700	0.0040	1.6579	9.8000	AID1915496; AID711557
Glutamate receptor ionotropic, NMDA 3B	Rattus norvegicus (Norway rat)	IC50 (µMol)	0.1533	0.0007	1.7411	10.0000	AID144612; AID144621; AID145038; AID1698635
Glutamate receptor ionotropic, NMDA 3B	Rattus norvegicus (Norway rat)	Ki	8.4949	0.0003	0.7072	6.6900	AID145324; AID1553723; AID298026; AID339909; AID478464
Alpha-ketoglutarate-dependent dioxygenase FTO	Homo sapiens (human)	IC50 (µMol)	1,000.0000	3.0000	6.1000	9.8000	AID734755
Glutamate receptor ionotropic, NMDA 3A	Rattus norvegicus (Norway rat)	IC50 (µMol)	0.1533	0.0007	1.7411	10.0000	AID144612; AID144621; AID145038; AID1698635
Glutamate receptor ionotropic, NMDA 3A	Rattus norvegicus (Norway rat)	Ki	8.4949	0.0003	0.7072	6.6900	AID145324; AID1553723; AID298026; AID339909; AID478464
[prepared from compound, protein, and bioassay information from National Library of Medicine (NLM), extracted Dec-2023]

Protein	Taxonomy	Measurement	Average	Min (ref.)	Avg (ref.)	Max (ref.)	Bioassay(s)
Chain A, Slr1257 protein	Synechocystis sp. PCC 6803 substr. Kazusa	Kd	0.2400	0.2400	0.2400	0.2400	AID977611
Metabotropic glutamate receptor 6	Homo sapiens (human)	EC50 (µMol)	98.3000	0.0550	2.2786	4.9000	AID107251; AID107253; AID439883
Prothrombin	Homo sapiens (human)	EC50 (µMol)	7.4000	0.0012	1.8522	7.4000	AID222323
Integrin beta-3	Homo sapiens (human)	EC50 (µMol)	7.4000	7.4000	7.4000	7.4000	AID222323
Integrin alpha-IIb	Homo sapiens (human)	EC50 (µMol)	7.4000	7.4000	7.4000	7.4000	AID222323
Glutamate receptor 1	Rattus norvegicus (Norway rat)	EC50 (µMol)	27.3799	0.0041	1.8963	8.7000	AID1290112; AID1290113; AID319175; AID422606; AID477117; AID477138
Glutamate receptor 2	Rattus norvegicus (Norway rat)	EC50 (µMol)	1,482,620,113.3400	0.0041	1.6251	7.6000	AID1290114; AID319177; AID422608; AID477139
Glutamate receptor 3	Rattus norvegicus (Norway rat)	EC50 (µMol)	54.8048	0.0041	1.1706	3.5000	AID1290115; AID319179; AID422610; AID477118; AID477140
Glutamate receptor 4	Rattus norvegicus (Norway rat)	EC50 (µMol)	18.6392	0.0041	1.1339	3.5000	AID1290116; AID319181; AID422612; AID477141
Glutamate receptor ionotropic, kainate 1	Rattus norvegicus (Norway rat)	EC50 (µMol)	129.1633	0.6600	0.6600	0.6600	AID319183; AID422614
Metabotropic glutamate receptor 1	Rattus norvegicus (Norway rat)	EC50 (µMol)	13.1512	0.2000	4.4946	10.0000	AID108495; AID108497; AID108498; AID108499; AID108500; AID1207056; AID1289812; AID1289819; AID258675; AID295059
Metabotropic glutamate receptor 2	Rattus norvegicus (Norway rat)	EC50 (µMol)	8.7450	0.0006	1.4262	7.7000	AID108839; AID108844; AID108845; AID1207050; AID1289814; AID1289821; AID1289828; AID221527
Metabotropic glutamate receptor 3	Rattus norvegicus (Norway rat)	EC50 (µMol)	1.6294	0.0021	1.8909	9.0000	AID109170; AID1289815; AID1289829
Metabotropic glutamate receptor 4	Rattus norvegicus (Norway rat)	EC50 (µMol)	6.3776	0.0090	2.5440	9.4900	AID109465; AID109466; AID1207051; AID1289816; AID1289823; AID258678; AID295062; AID671510
Metabotropic glutamate receptor 5	Rattus norvegicus (Norway rat)	EC50 (µMol)	6.4817	0.0015	1.6537	10.0000	AID107062; AID107063; AID107064; AID1207057; AID1289813; AID1289820; AID258676; AID295060
Metabotropic glutamate receptor 6	Rattus norvegicus (Norway rat)	EC50 (µMol)	35.7000	0.0550	2.4030	7.6000	AID107240; AID1207053; AID1289824; AID258679; AID295063
Metabotropic glutamate receptor 7	Rattus norvegicus (Norway rat)	EC50 (µMol)	800.0000	0.1460	0.8230	1.5000	AID107263; AID1207054
Glutamate receptor ionotropic, NMDA 1	Rattus norvegicus (Norway rat)	EC50 (µMol)	1.4069	0.0030	1.2903	8.3000	AID144321; AID339880; AID339882; AID339883; AID339885; AID478473
Metabotropic glutamate receptor 5	Homo sapiens (human)	EC50 (µMol)	163.5500	0.0019	0.6145	4.1000	AID107083; AID109493; AID1573527; AID439882
Glutamate receptor ionotropic, kainate 2	Rattus norvegicus (Norway rat)	EC50 (µMol)	65.9615	1.8000	1.8000	1.8000	AID319185; AID422616
Glutamate receptor 1	Homo sapiens (human)	EC50 (µMol)	792,445,035.2762	0.3800	4.1138	10.0000	AID1553725; AID297345; AID297353; AID297355; AID297357; AID297359; AID297364; AID297366; AID477119; AID477122; AID477146; AID477557
Glutamate receptor 2	Homo sapiens (human)	EC50 (µMol)	722,116,404.7807	0.1500	3.0560	7.6000	AID1553726; AID297347; AID477120; AID477122; AID477123; AID477146; AID477558; AID478471
Glutamate receptor 3	Homo sapiens (human)	EC50 (µMol)	2,264,128,535.4432	1.6600	4.4067	7.9000	AID1553727; AID297349; AID477121; AID477123; AID477559
Metabotropic glutamate receptor 8	Mus musculus (house mouse)	EC50 (µMol)	0.0220	0.0220	0.2110	0.4000	AID107403
Glutamate receptor 4	Homo sapiens (human)	EC50 (µMol)	9,952,674,825.4244	0.2900	2.8772	7.6000	AID1553728; AID297351
Metabotropic glutamate receptor 8	Rattus norvegicus (Norway rat)	EC50 (µMol)	14.4933	0.0310	1.1813	8.0000	AID107404; AID1207055; AID1289826
Glutamate receptor ionotropic, NMDA 2A	Rattus norvegicus (Norway rat)	EC50 (µMol)	1.6496	0.0030	1.0222	6.8600	AID144321; AID339880; AID478473
Glutamate receptor ionotropic, NMDA 2B	Rattus norvegicus (Norway rat)	EC50 (µMol)	0.9600	0.0030	0.8669	6.8600	AID144321; AID339882
Glutamate receptor ionotropic, NMDA 2C	Rattus norvegicus (Norway rat)	EC50 (µMol)	0.5600	0.0030	1.1127	6.8600	AID144321; AID339885
Glutamate receptor ionotropic, kainate 2	Homo sapiens (human)	EC50 (µMol)	25.0000	0.7000	0.7000	0.7000	AID74818; AID93262
Metabotropic glutamate receptor 1	Homo sapiens (human)	EC50 (µMol)	45.2375	0.2000	4.4100	9.3000	AID108357; AID108645; AID108647; AID108660
Metabotropic glutamate receptor 2	Homo sapiens (human)	EC50 (µMol)	7.3849	0.0006	1.1784	8.5000	AID108677; AID109003; AID109004; AID1247429; AID1247431; AID1247433; AID1247435; AID1247437; AID222323; AID258677; AID295061; AID569552
Metabotropic glutamate receptor 7	Homo sapiens (human)	EC50 (µMol)	625.2950	0.1585	0.6692	1.1800	AID107260; AID1289817; AID258680; AID295064
Metabotropic glutamate receptor 3	Homo sapiens (human)	EC50 (µMol)	2.8572	0.0021	0.9322	5.1180	AID1247437; AID1247439; AID1247441; AID1247443; AID221665
Metabotropic glutamate receptor 4	Homo sapiens (human)	EC50 (µMol)	14.9333	0.0040	1.7193	9.8000	AID109333; AID109477; AID109484
Glutamate receptor ionotropic, NMDA 2D	Rattus norvegicus (Norway rat)	EC50 (µMol)	0.2850	0.0030	1.3937	8.3000	AID144321; AID339883
Glutamate receptor ionotropic, NMDA 3B	Rattus norvegicus (Norway rat)	EC50 (µMol)	0.1200	0.0030	0.9051	6.8600	AID144321
Glutamate receptor ionotropic, NMDA 3A	Rattus norvegicus (Norway rat)	EC50 (µMol)	0.1200	0.0030	0.9051	6.8600	AID144321
[prepared from compound, protein, and bioassay information from National Library of Medicine (NLM), extracted Dec-2023]

Protein	Taxonomy	Measurement	Average	Min (ref.)	Avg (ref.)	Max (ref.)	Bioassay(s)
Metabotropic glutamate receptor 6	Homo sapiens (human)	Activity	20.0000	0.4000	1.3333	3.0000	AID107091
Carbonic anhydrase 1	Homo sapiens (human)	KA	6.4300	0.0200	1.7219	7.4000	AID1397319
Carbonic anhydrase 2	Homo sapiens (human)	KA	100.0000	0.0110	1.4273	7.8000	AID1397320
Metabotropic glutamate receptor 5	Homo sapiens (human)	Activity	4.0000	4.0000	4.5500	5.1000	AID109491
Excitatory amino acid transporter 1	Homo sapiens (human)	Km	8.5500	7.9000	8.5500	9.2000	AID257131; AID271628
Excitatory amino acid transporter 3	Homo sapiens (human)	Km	17.4500	9.9000	9.9000	9.9000	AID257133; AID271630
Excitatory amino acid transporter 3	Rattus norvegicus (Norway rat)	Ks	5.1000	5.1000	5.1000	5.1000	AID66956
Metabotropic glutamate receptor 1	Homo sapiens (human)	Activity	1.0000	1.0000	1.0000	1.0000	AID108354
Metabotropic glutamate receptor 2	Homo sapiens (human)	Activity	4.0000	0.0006	0.7686	4.0000	AID108669
Metabotropic glutamate receptor 3	Homo sapiens (human)	Activity	9.0000	0.0027	1.6381	9.0000	AID109149
Metabotropic glutamate receptor 4	Homo sapiens (human)	Activity	12.0000	4.0000	4.0000	4.0000	AID109323
Carbonic anhydrase-like protein, putative	Trypanosoma cruzi strain CL Brener	KA	100.0000	0.1400	2.8050	7.5400	AID1397322
[prepared from compound, protein, and bioassay information from National Library of Medicine (NLM), extracted Dec-2023]

Process	via Protein(s)	Taxonomy
adenylate cyclase-inhibiting G protein-coupled receptor signaling pathway	Metabotropic glutamate receptor 8	Homo sapiens (human)
adenylate cyclase-inhibiting G protein-coupled glutamate receptor signaling pathway	Metabotropic glutamate receptor 8	Homo sapiens (human)
visual perception	Metabotropic glutamate receptor 8	Homo sapiens (human)
G protein-coupled glutamate receptor signaling pathway	Metabotropic glutamate receptor 8	Homo sapiens (human)
regulation of synaptic transmission, glutamatergic	Metabotropic glutamate receptor 8	Homo sapiens (human)
adenylate cyclase-inhibiting G protein-coupled glutamate receptor signaling pathway	Metabotropic glutamate receptor 6	Homo sapiens (human)
G protein-coupled glutamate receptor signaling pathway	Metabotropic glutamate receptor 6	Homo sapiens (human)
chemical synaptic transmission	Metabotropic glutamate receptor 6	Homo sapiens (human)
locomotory behavior	Metabotropic glutamate receptor 6	Homo sapiens (human)
detection of visible light	Metabotropic glutamate receptor 6	Homo sapiens (human)
detection of light stimulus involved in visual perception	Metabotropic glutamate receptor 6	Homo sapiens (human)
retina development in camera-type eye	Metabotropic glutamate receptor 6	Homo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of calcium ion import across plasma membrane	Metabotropic glutamate receptor 6	Homo sapiens (human)
regulation of synaptic transmission, glutamatergic	Metabotropic glutamate receptor 6	Homo sapiens (human)
startle response	Glutamate receptor ionotropic, NMDA 2D	Homo sapiens (human)
brain development	Glutamate receptor ionotropic, NMDA 2D	Homo sapiens (human)
adult locomotory behavior	Glutamate receptor ionotropic, NMDA 2D	Homo sapiens (human)
calcium-mediated signaling	Glutamate receptor ionotropic, NMDA 2D	Homo sapiens (human)
ionotropic glutamate receptor signaling pathway	Glutamate receptor ionotropic, NMDA 2D	Homo sapiens (human)
regulation of synaptic plasticity	Glutamate receptor ionotropic, NMDA 2D	Homo sapiens (human)
regulation of neuronal synaptic plasticity	Glutamate receptor ionotropic, NMDA 2D	Homo sapiens (human)
regulation of sensory perception of pain	Glutamate receptor ionotropic, NMDA 2D	Homo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of synaptic transmission, glutamatergic	Glutamate receptor ionotropic, NMDA 2D	Homo sapiens (human)
calcium ion transmembrane import into cytosol	Glutamate receptor ionotropic, NMDA 2D	Homo sapiens (human)
monoatomic cation transmembrane transport	Glutamate receptor ionotropic, NMDA 2D	Homo sapiens (human)
excitatory chemical synaptic transmission	Glutamate receptor ionotropic, NMDA 2D	Homo sapiens (human)
regulation of presynaptic membrane potential	Glutamate receptor ionotropic, NMDA 2D	Homo sapiens (human)
regulation of monoatomic cation transmembrane transport	Glutamate receptor ionotropic, NMDA 2D	Homo sapiens (human)
cellular response to L-glutamate	Glutamate receptor ionotropic, NMDA 2D	Homo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of excitatory postsynaptic potential	Glutamate receptor ionotropic, NMDA 2D	Homo sapiens (human)
synaptic transmission, glutamatergic	Glutamate receptor ionotropic, NMDA 2D	Homo sapiens (human)
excitatory postsynaptic potential	Glutamate receptor ionotropic, NMDA 2D	Homo sapiens (human)
long-term synaptic potentiation	Glutamate receptor ionotropic, NMDA 2D	Homo sapiens (human)
ionotropic glutamate receptor signaling pathway	Glutamate receptor ionotropic, NMDA 3B	Homo sapiens (human)
protein insertion into membrane	Glutamate receptor ionotropic, NMDA 3B	Homo sapiens (human)
regulation of calcium ion transport	Glutamate receptor ionotropic, NMDA 3B	Homo sapiens (human)
regulation of postsynaptic membrane potential	Glutamate receptor ionotropic, NMDA 3B	Homo sapiens (human)
calcium ion transmembrane transport	Glutamate receptor ionotropic, NMDA 3B	Homo sapiens (human)
regulation of presynaptic membrane potential	Glutamate receptor ionotropic, NMDA 3B	Homo sapiens (human)
modulation of chemical synaptic transmission	Glutamate receptor ionotropic, NMDA 3B	Homo sapiens (human)
synaptic transmission, glutamatergic	Glutamate receptor ionotropic, NMDA 3B	Homo sapiens (human)
cellular oxidant detoxification	Glutathione reductase, mitochondrial	Homo sapiens (human)
cellular response to oxidative stress	Glutathione reductase, mitochondrial	Homo sapiens (human)
glutathione metabolic process	Glutathione reductase, mitochondrial	Homo sapiens (human)
cell redox homeostasis	Glutathione reductase, mitochondrial	Homo sapiens (human)
lysine biosynthetic process via diaminopimelate	Bifunctional aspartokinase/homoserine dehydrogenase 1	Escherichia coli K-12
homoserine biosynthetic process	Bifunctional aspartokinase/homoserine dehydrogenase 1	Escherichia coli K-12
protein homotetramerization	Bifunctional aspartokinase/homoserine dehydrogenase 1	Escherichia coli K-12
aspartate family amino acid biosynthetic process	Bifunctional aspartokinase/homoserine dehydrogenase 1	Escherichia coli K-12
lysine biosynthetic process	Bifunctional aspartokinase/homoserine dehydrogenase 1	Escherichia coli K-12
methionine biosynthetic process	Bifunctional aspartokinase/homoserine dehydrogenase 1	Escherichia coli K-12
threonine biosynthetic process	Bifunctional aspartokinase/homoserine dehydrogenase 1	Escherichia coli K-12
lysine biosynthetic process via diaminopimelate	Bifunctional aspartokinase/homoserine dehydrogenase 1	Escherichia coli K-12
homoserine biosynthetic process	Bifunctional aspartokinase/homoserine dehydrogenase 1	Escherichia coli K-12
positive regulation of protein phosphorylation	Prothrombin	Homo sapiens (human)
proteolysis	Prothrombin	Homo sapiens (human)
acute-phase response	Prothrombin	Homo sapiens (human)
cell surface receptor signaling pathway	Prothrombin	Homo sapiens (human)
G protein-coupled receptor signaling pathway	Prothrombin	Homo sapiens (human)
blood coagulation	Prothrombin	Homo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of cell population proliferation	Prothrombin	Homo sapiens (human)
regulation of cell shape	Prothrombin	Homo sapiens (human)
response to wounding	Prothrombin	Homo sapiens (human)
negative regulation of platelet activation	Prothrombin	Homo sapiens (human)
platelet activation	Prothrombin	Homo sapiens (human)
regulation of blood coagulation	Prothrombin	Homo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of blood coagulation	Prothrombin	Homo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of cell growth	Prothrombin	Homo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of insulin secretion	Prothrombin	Homo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of collagen biosynthetic process	Prothrombin	Homo sapiens (human)
fibrinolysis	Prothrombin	Homo sapiens (human)
negative regulation of proteolysis	Prothrombin	Homo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of receptor signaling pathway via JAK-STAT	Prothrombin	Homo sapiens (human)
negative regulation of astrocyte differentiation	Prothrombin	Homo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of release of sequestered calcium ion into cytosol	Prothrombin	Homo sapiens (human)
regulation of cytosolic calcium ion concentration	Prothrombin	Homo sapiens (human)
cytolysis by host of symbiont cells	Prothrombin	Homo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase/protein kinase B signal transduction	Prothrombin	Homo sapiens (human)
negative regulation of fibrinolysis	Prothrombin	Homo sapiens (human)
antimicrobial humoral immune response mediated by antimicrobial peptide	Prothrombin	Homo sapiens (human)
neutrophil-mediated killing of gram-negative bacterium	Prothrombin	Homo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of lipid kinase activity	Prothrombin	Homo sapiens (human)
negative regulation of cytokine production involved in inflammatory response	Prothrombin	Homo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of protein localization to nucleus	Prothrombin	Homo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of phospholipase C-activating G protein-coupled receptor signaling pathway	Prothrombin	Homo sapiens (human)
ligand-gated ion channel signaling pathway	Prothrombin	Homo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of reactive oxygen species metabolic process	Prothrombin	Homo sapiens (human)
one-carbon metabolic process	Carbonic anhydrase 1	Homo sapiens (human)
morphogenesis of an epithelium	Carbonic anhydrase 2	Homo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of synaptic transmission, GABAergic	Carbonic anhydrase 2	Homo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of cellular pH reduction	Carbonic anhydrase 2	Homo sapiens (human)
angiotensin-activated signaling pathway	Carbonic anhydrase 2	Homo sapiens (human)
regulation of monoatomic anion transport	Carbonic anhydrase 2	Homo sapiens (human)
secretion	Carbonic anhydrase 2	Homo sapiens (human)
regulation of intracellular pH	Carbonic anhydrase 2	Homo sapiens (human)
neuron cellular homeostasis	Carbonic anhydrase 2	Homo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of dipeptide transmembrane transport	Carbonic anhydrase 2	Homo sapiens (human)
regulation of chloride transport	Carbonic anhydrase 2	Homo sapiens (human)
carbon dioxide transport	Carbonic anhydrase 2	Homo sapiens (human)
one-carbon metabolic process	Carbonic anhydrase 2	Homo sapiens (human)
negative regulation of low-density lipoprotein receptor activity	Integrin beta-3	Homo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of protein phosphorylation	Integrin beta-3	Homo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of endothelial cell proliferation	Integrin beta-3	Homo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of cell-matrix adhesion	Integrin beta-3	Homo sapiens (human)
cell-substrate junction assembly	Integrin beta-3	Homo sapiens (human)
cell adhesion	Integrin beta-3	Homo sapiens (human)
cell-matrix adhesion	Integrin beta-3	Homo sapiens (human)
integrin-mediated signaling pathway	Integrin beta-3	Homo sapiens (human)
embryo implantation	Integrin beta-3	Homo sapiens (human)
blood coagulation	Integrin beta-3	Homo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of endothelial cell migration	Integrin beta-3	Homo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of gene expression	Integrin beta-3	Homo sapiens (human)
negative regulation of macrophage derived foam cell differentiation	Integrin beta-3	Homo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of fibroblast migration	Integrin beta-3	Homo sapiens (human)
negative regulation of lipid storage	Integrin beta-3	Homo sapiens (human)
response to activity	Integrin beta-3	Homo sapiens (human)
smooth muscle cell migration	Integrin beta-3	Homo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of smooth muscle cell migration	Integrin beta-3	Homo sapiens (human)
platelet activation	Integrin beta-3	Homo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of vascular endothelial growth factor receptor signaling pathway	Integrin beta-3	Homo sapiens (human)
cell-substrate adhesion	Integrin beta-3	Homo sapiens (human)
activation of protein kinase activity	Integrin beta-3	Homo sapiens (human)
negative regulation of lipid transport	Integrin beta-3	Homo sapiens (human)
regulation of protein localization	Integrin beta-3	Homo sapiens (human)
regulation of actin cytoskeleton organization	Integrin beta-3	Homo sapiens (human)
cell adhesion mediated by integrin	Integrin beta-3	Homo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of cell adhesion mediated by integrin	Integrin beta-3	Homo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of osteoblast proliferation	Integrin beta-3	Homo sapiens (human)
heterotypic cell-cell adhesion	Integrin beta-3	Homo sapiens (human)
substrate adhesion-dependent cell spreading	Integrin beta-3	Homo sapiens (human)
tube development	Integrin beta-3	Homo sapiens (human)
wound healing, spreading of epidermal cells	Integrin beta-3	Homo sapiens (human)
cellular response to platelet-derived growth factor stimulus	Integrin beta-3	Homo sapiens (human)
apolipoprotein A-I-mediated signaling pathway	Integrin beta-3	Homo sapiens (human)
wound healing	Integrin beta-3	Homo sapiens (human)
apoptotic cell clearance	Integrin beta-3	Homo sapiens (human)
regulation of bone resorption	Integrin beta-3	Homo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of angiogenesis	Integrin beta-3	Homo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of bone resorption	Integrin beta-3	Homo sapiens (human)
symbiont entry into host cell	Integrin beta-3	Homo sapiens (human)
platelet-derived growth factor receptor signaling pathway	Integrin beta-3	Homo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of fibroblast proliferation	Integrin beta-3	Homo sapiens (human)
mesodermal cell differentiation	Integrin beta-3	Homo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of smooth muscle cell proliferation	Integrin beta-3	Homo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of peptidyl-tyrosine phosphorylation	Integrin beta-3	Homo sapiens (human)
negative regulation of lipoprotein metabolic process	Integrin beta-3	Homo sapiens (human)
negative chemotaxis	Integrin beta-3	Homo sapiens (human)
regulation of release of sequestered calcium ion into cytosol	Integrin beta-3	Homo sapiens (human)
regulation of serotonin uptake	Integrin beta-3	Homo sapiens (human)
angiogenesis involved in wound healing	Integrin beta-3	Homo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of ERK1 and ERK2 cascade	Integrin beta-3	Homo sapiens (human)
platelet aggregation	Integrin beta-3	Homo sapiens (human)
cellular response to mechanical stimulus	Integrin beta-3	Homo sapiens (human)
cellular response to xenobiotic stimulus	Integrin beta-3	Homo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of glomerular mesangial cell proliferation	Integrin beta-3	Homo sapiens (human)
blood coagulation, fibrin clot formation	Integrin beta-3	Homo sapiens (human)
maintenance of postsynaptic specialization structure	Integrin beta-3	Homo sapiens (human)
regulation of postsynaptic neurotransmitter receptor internalization	Integrin beta-3	Homo sapiens (human)
regulation of postsynaptic neurotransmitter receptor diffusion trapping	Integrin beta-3	Homo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of substrate adhesion-dependent cell spreading	Integrin beta-3	Homo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of adenylate cyclase-inhibiting opioid receptor signaling pathway	Integrin beta-3	Homo sapiens (human)
regulation of trophoblast cell migration	Integrin beta-3	Homo sapiens (human)
regulation of extracellular matrix organization	Integrin beta-3	Homo sapiens (human)
cellular response to insulin-like growth factor stimulus	Integrin beta-3	Homo sapiens (human)
negative regulation of endothelial cell apoptotic process	Integrin beta-3	Homo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of T cell migration	Integrin beta-3	Homo sapiens (human)
cell migration	Integrin beta-3	Homo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of leukocyte migration	Integrin alpha-IIb	Homo sapiens (human)
cell-matrix adhesion	Integrin alpha-IIb	Homo sapiens (human)
integrin-mediated signaling pathway	Integrin alpha-IIb	Homo sapiens (human)
angiogenesis	Integrin alpha-IIb	Homo sapiens (human)
cell-cell adhesion	Integrin alpha-IIb	Homo sapiens (human)
cell adhesion mediated by integrin	Integrin alpha-IIb	Homo sapiens (human)
glutamate receptor signaling pathway	Glutamate receptor ionotropic, kainate 1	Homo sapiens (human)
chemical synaptic transmission	Glutamate receptor ionotropic, kainate 1	Homo sapiens (human)
nervous system development	Glutamate receptor ionotropic, kainate 1	Homo sapiens (human)
central nervous system development	Glutamate receptor ionotropic, kainate 1	Homo sapiens (human)
calcium-mediated signaling	Glutamate receptor ionotropic, kainate 1	Homo sapiens (human)
monoatomic ion transmembrane transport	Glutamate receptor ionotropic, kainate 1	Homo sapiens (human)
ionotropic glutamate receptor signaling pathway	Glutamate receptor ionotropic, kainate 1	Homo sapiens (human)
regulation of synaptic transmission, glutamatergic	Glutamate receptor ionotropic, kainate 1	Homo sapiens (human)
regulation of postsynaptic membrane potential	Glutamate receptor ionotropic, kainate 1	Homo sapiens (human)
modulation of chemical synaptic transmission	Glutamate receptor ionotropic, kainate 1	Homo sapiens (human)
synaptic transmission, glutamatergic	Glutamate receptor ionotropic, kainate 1	Homo sapiens (human)
desensitization of G protein-coupled receptor signaling pathway	Metabotropic glutamate receptor 5	Homo sapiens (human)
regulation of DNA-templated transcription	Metabotropic glutamate receptor 5	Homo sapiens (human)
adenylate cyclase-inhibiting G protein-coupled glutamate receptor signaling pathway	Metabotropic glutamate receptor 5	Homo sapiens (human)
protein kinase C-activating G protein-coupled receptor signaling pathway	Metabotropic glutamate receptor 5	Homo sapiens (human)
phospholipase C-activating G protein-coupled glutamate receptor signaling pathway	Metabotropic glutamate receptor 5	Homo sapiens (human)
G protein-coupled glutamate receptor signaling pathway	Metabotropic glutamate receptor 5	Homo sapiens (human)
chemical synaptic transmission	Metabotropic glutamate receptor 5	Homo sapiens (human)
learning or memory	Metabotropic glutamate receptor 5	Homo sapiens (human)
learning	Metabotropic glutamate receptor 5	Homo sapiens (human)
locomotory behavior	Metabotropic glutamate receptor 5	Homo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of MAPK cascade	Metabotropic glutamate receptor 5	Homo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of long-term neuronal synaptic plasticity	Metabotropic glutamate receptor 5	Homo sapiens (human)
synapse organization	Metabotropic glutamate receptor 5	Homo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of calcium-mediated signaling	Metabotropic glutamate receptor 5	Homo sapiens (human)
cognition	Metabotropic glutamate receptor 5	Homo sapiens (human)
regulation of postsynaptic membrane potential	Metabotropic glutamate receptor 5	Homo sapiens (human)
regulation of postsynaptic cytosolic calcium ion concentration	Metabotropic glutamate receptor 5	Homo sapiens (human)
cellular response to amyloid-beta	Metabotropic glutamate receptor 5	Homo sapiens (human)
regulation of synaptic transmission, glutamatergic	Metabotropic glutamate receptor 5	Homo sapiens (human)
trans-synaptic signaling by endocannabinoid, modulating synaptic transmission	Metabotropic glutamate receptor 5	Homo sapiens (human)
regulation of receptor recycling	Glutamate receptor 1	Homo sapiens (human)
signal transduction	Glutamate receptor 1	Homo sapiens (human)
chemical synaptic transmission	Glutamate receptor 1	Homo sapiens (human)
synapse assembly	Glutamate receptor 1	Homo sapiens (human)
long-term memory	Glutamate receptor 1	Homo sapiens (human)
response to xenobiotic stimulus	Glutamate receptor 1	Homo sapiens (human)
response to lithium ion	Glutamate receptor 1	Homo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of gene expression	Glutamate receptor 1	Homo sapiens (human)
neuronal action potential	Glutamate receptor 1	Homo sapiens (human)
calcium-mediated signaling	Glutamate receptor 1	Homo sapiens (human)
spinal cord development	Glutamate receptor 1	Homo sapiens (human)
cerebral cortex development	Glutamate receptor 1	Homo sapiens (human)
receptor internalization	Glutamate receptor 1	Homo sapiens (human)
response to estradiol	Glutamate receptor 1	Homo sapiens (human)
monoatomic ion transmembrane transport	Glutamate receptor 1	Homo sapiens (human)
ionotropic glutamate receptor signaling pathway	Glutamate receptor 1	Homo sapiens (human)
response to cocaine	Glutamate receptor 1	Homo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of membrane potential	Glutamate receptor 1	Homo sapiens (human)
response to arsenic-containing substance	Glutamate receptor 1	Homo sapiens (human)
response to electrical stimulus	Glutamate receptor 1	Homo sapiens (human)
regulation of postsynaptic membrane potential	Glutamate receptor 1	Homo sapiens (human)
long-term synaptic potentiation	Glutamate receptor 1	Homo sapiens (human)
long-term synaptic depression	Glutamate receptor 1	Homo sapiens (human)
response to fungicide	Glutamate receptor 1	Homo sapiens (human)
cellular response to amino acid stimulus	Glutamate receptor 1	Homo sapiens (human)
cellular response to ammonium ion	Glutamate receptor 1	Homo sapiens (human)
cellular response to dsRNA	Glutamate receptor 1	Homo sapiens (human)
cellular response to peptide hormone stimulus	Glutamate receptor 1	Homo sapiens (human)
cellular response to amine stimulus	Glutamate receptor 1	Homo sapiens (human)
regulation of presynaptic membrane potential	Glutamate receptor 1	Homo sapiens (human)
regulation of postsynaptic cytosolic calcium ion concentration	Glutamate receptor 1	Homo sapiens (human)
cellular response to brain-derived neurotrophic factor stimulus	Glutamate receptor 1	Homo sapiens (human)
modulation of chemical synaptic transmission	Glutamate receptor 1	Homo sapiens (human)
synaptic transmission, glutamatergic	Glutamate receptor 1	Homo sapiens (human)
signal transduction	Glutamate receptor 2	Homo sapiens (human)
chemical synaptic transmission	Glutamate receptor 2	Homo sapiens (human)
ionotropic glutamate receptor signaling pathway	Glutamate receptor 2	Homo sapiens (human)
synaptic transmission, glutamatergic	Glutamate receptor 2	Homo sapiens (human)
regulation of postsynaptic membrane potential	Glutamate receptor 2	Homo sapiens (human)
monoatomic cation transmembrane transport	Glutamate receptor 2	Homo sapiens (human)
modulation of chemical synaptic transmission	Glutamate receptor 2	Homo sapiens (human)
glutamate receptor signaling pathway	Glutamate receptor 3	Homo sapiens (human)
calcium-mediated signaling	Glutamate receptor 3	Homo sapiens (human)
monoatomic ion transmembrane transport	Glutamate receptor 3	Homo sapiens (human)
ionotropic glutamate receptor signaling pathway	Glutamate receptor 3	Homo sapiens (human)
protein homotetramerization	Glutamate receptor 3	Homo sapiens (human)
protein heterotetramerization	Glutamate receptor 3	Homo sapiens (human)
regulation of postsynaptic membrane potential	Glutamate receptor 3	Homo sapiens (human)
long-term synaptic potentiation	Glutamate receptor 3	Homo sapiens (human)
regulation of presynaptic membrane potential	Glutamate receptor 3	Homo sapiens (human)
modulation of chemical synaptic transmission	Glutamate receptor 3	Homo sapiens (human)
synaptic transmission, glutamatergic	Glutamate receptor 3	Homo sapiens (human)
neurotransmitter uptake	Excitatory amino acid transporter 1	Homo sapiens (human)
monoatomic ion transport	Excitatory amino acid transporter 1	Homo sapiens (human)
neurotransmitter transport	Excitatory amino acid transporter 1	Homo sapiens (human)
intracellular sodium ion homeostasis	Excitatory amino acid transporter 1	Homo sapiens (human)
chemical synaptic transmission	Excitatory amino acid transporter 1	Homo sapiens (human)
sensory perception of sound	Excitatory amino acid transporter 1	Homo sapiens (human)
response to xenobiotic stimulus	Excitatory amino acid transporter 1	Homo sapiens (human)
response to light stimulus	Excitatory amino acid transporter 1	Homo sapiens (human)
gamma-aminobutyric acid biosynthetic process	Excitatory amino acid transporter 1	Homo sapiens (human)
response to wounding	Excitatory amino acid transporter 1	Homo sapiens (human)
neutral amino acid transport	Excitatory amino acid transporter 1	Homo sapiens (human)
L-glutamate transmembrane transport	Excitatory amino acid transporter 1	Homo sapiens (human)
cranial nerve development	Excitatory amino acid transporter 1	Homo sapiens (human)
auditory behavior	Excitatory amino acid transporter 1	Homo sapiens (human)
response to antibiotic	Excitatory amino acid transporter 1	Homo sapiens (human)
cell morphogenesis involved in neuron differentiation	Excitatory amino acid transporter 1	Homo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of synaptic transmission	Excitatory amino acid transporter 1	Homo sapiens (human)
neuromuscular process controlling balance	Excitatory amino acid transporter 1	Homo sapiens (human)
L-glutamate import	Excitatory amino acid transporter 1	Homo sapiens (human)
transepithelial transport	Excitatory amino acid transporter 1	Homo sapiens (human)
D-aspartate import across plasma membrane	Excitatory amino acid transporter 1	Homo sapiens (human)
cellular response to cocaine	Excitatory amino acid transporter 1	Homo sapiens (human)
potassium ion transmembrane transport	Excitatory amino acid transporter 1	Homo sapiens (human)
L-glutamate import across plasma membrane	Excitatory amino acid transporter 1	Homo sapiens (human)
L-aspartate import across plasma membrane	Excitatory amino acid transporter 1	Homo sapiens (human)
transport across blood-brain barrier	Excitatory amino acid transporter 1	Homo sapiens (human)
chloride transmembrane transport	Excitatory amino acid transporter 1	Homo sapiens (human)
glutathione biosynthetic process	Excitatory amino acid transporter 2	Homo sapiens (human)
monoatomic ion transport	Excitatory amino acid transporter 2	Homo sapiens (human)
neurotransmitter transport	Excitatory amino acid transporter 2	Homo sapiens (human)
chemical synaptic transmission	Excitatory amino acid transporter 2	Homo sapiens (human)
visual behavior	Excitatory amino acid transporter 2	Homo sapiens (human)
response to xenobiotic stimulus	Excitatory amino acid transporter 2	Homo sapiens (human)
response to wounding	Excitatory amino acid transporter 2	Homo sapiens (human)
L-glutamate transmembrane transport	Excitatory amino acid transporter 2	Homo sapiens (human)
telencephalon development	Excitatory amino acid transporter 2	Homo sapiens (human)
adult behavior	Excitatory amino acid transporter 2	Homo sapiens (human)
multicellular organism growth	Excitatory amino acid transporter 2	Homo sapiens (human)
response to amino acid	Excitatory amino acid transporter 2	Homo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of glucose import	Excitatory amino acid transporter 2	Homo sapiens (human)
protein homotrimerization	Excitatory amino acid transporter 2	Homo sapiens (human)
transepithelial transport	Excitatory amino acid transporter 2	Homo sapiens (human)
L-aspartate transmembrane transport	Excitatory amino acid transporter 2	Homo sapiens (human)
D-aspartate import across plasma membrane	Excitatory amino acid transporter 2	Homo sapiens (human)
cellular response to cocaine	Excitatory amino acid transporter 2	Homo sapiens (human)
monoatomic anion transmembrane transport	Excitatory amino acid transporter 2	Homo sapiens (human)
L-glutamate import across plasma membrane	Excitatory amino acid transporter 2	Homo sapiens (human)
neurotransmitter reuptake	Excitatory amino acid transporter 2	Homo sapiens (human)
L-aspartate import across plasma membrane	Excitatory amino acid transporter 2	Homo sapiens (human)
transport across blood-brain barrier	Excitatory amino acid transporter 2	Homo sapiens (human)
cysteine transmembrane transport	Excitatory amino acid transporter 2	Homo sapiens (human)
maintenance of blood-brain barrier	Excitatory amino acid transporter 3	Homo sapiens (human)
blood vessel morphogenesis	Excitatory amino acid transporter 3	Homo sapiens (human)
cellular response to organic cyclic compound	Excitatory amino acid transporter 3	Homo sapiens (human)
behavioral fear response	Excitatory amino acid transporter 3	Homo sapiens (human)
regulation of protein phosphorylation	Excitatory amino acid transporter 3	Homo sapiens (human)
response to amphetamine	Excitatory amino acid transporter 3	Homo sapiens (human)
glutathione biosynthetic process	Excitatory amino acid transporter 3	Homo sapiens (human)
superoxide metabolic process	Excitatory amino acid transporter 3	Homo sapiens (human)
monoatomic ion transport	Excitatory amino acid transporter 3	Homo sapiens (human)
neurotransmitter transport	Excitatory amino acid transporter 3	Homo sapiens (human)
intracellular zinc ion homeostasis	Excitatory amino acid transporter 3	Homo sapiens (human)
dopamine receptor signaling pathway	Excitatory amino acid transporter 3	Homo sapiens (human)
glutamate receptor signaling pathway	Excitatory amino acid transporter 3	Homo sapiens (human)
chemical synaptic transmission	Excitatory amino acid transporter 3	Homo sapiens (human)
brain development	Excitatory amino acid transporter 3	Homo sapiens (human)
memory	Excitatory amino acid transporter 3	Homo sapiens (human)
grooming behavior	Excitatory amino acid transporter 3	Homo sapiens (human)
locomotory behavior	Excitatory amino acid transporter 3	Homo sapiens (human)
response to xenobiotic stimulus	Excitatory amino acid transporter 3	Homo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of heart rate	Excitatory amino acid transporter 3	Homo sapiens (human)
gene expression	Excitatory amino acid transporter 3	Homo sapiens (human)
retina layer formation	Excitatory amino acid transporter 3	Homo sapiens (human)
L-glutamate transmembrane transport	Excitatory amino acid transporter 3	Homo sapiens (human)
cytokine-mediated signaling pathway	Excitatory amino acid transporter 3	Homo sapiens (human)
neurogenesis	Excitatory amino acid transporter 3	Homo sapiens (human)
adult behavior	Excitatory amino acid transporter 3	Homo sapiens (human)
cellular response to oxidative stress	Excitatory amino acid transporter 3	Homo sapiens (human)
response to decreased oxygen levels	Excitatory amino acid transporter 3	Homo sapiens (human)
dopamine metabolic process	Excitatory amino acid transporter 3	Homo sapiens (human)
cysteine transport	Excitatory amino acid transporter 3	Homo sapiens (human)
response to morphine	Excitatory amino acid transporter 3	Homo sapiens (human)
negative regulation of neuron apoptotic process	Excitatory amino acid transporter 3	Homo sapiens (human)
response to axon injury	Excitatory amino acid transporter 3	Homo sapiens (human)
synapse organization	Excitatory amino acid transporter 3	Homo sapiens (human)
L-glutamate import	Excitatory amino acid transporter 3	Homo sapiens (human)
righting reflex	Excitatory amino acid transporter 3	Homo sapiens (human)
heart contraction	Excitatory amino acid transporter 3	Homo sapiens (human)
long-term synaptic potentiation	Excitatory amino acid transporter 3	Homo sapiens (human)
motor behavior	Excitatory amino acid transporter 3	Homo sapiens (human)
transepithelial transport	Excitatory amino acid transporter 3	Homo sapiens (human)
D-aspartate transmembrane transport	Excitatory amino acid transporter 3	Homo sapiens (human)
L-aspartate transmembrane transport	Excitatory amino acid transporter 3	Homo sapiens (human)
D-aspartate import across plasma membrane	Excitatory amino acid transporter 3	Homo sapiens (human)
cellular response to ammonium ion	Excitatory amino acid transporter 3	Homo sapiens (human)
cellular response to mercury ion	Excitatory amino acid transporter 3	Homo sapiens (human)
cellular response to cocaine	Excitatory amino acid transporter 3	Homo sapiens (human)
zinc ion transmembrane transport	Excitatory amino acid transporter 3	Homo sapiens (human)
response to anesthetic	Excitatory amino acid transporter 3	Homo sapiens (human)
regulation of protein targeting to membrane	Excitatory amino acid transporter 3	Homo sapiens (human)
intracellular glutamate homeostasis	Excitatory amino acid transporter 3	Homo sapiens (human)
motor neuron apoptotic process	Excitatory amino acid transporter 3	Homo sapiens (human)
L-glutamate import across plasma membrane	Excitatory amino acid transporter 3	Homo sapiens (human)
neurotransmitter receptor transport to plasma membrane	Excitatory amino acid transporter 3	Homo sapiens (human)
postsynaptic modulation of chemical synaptic transmission	Excitatory amino acid transporter 3	Homo sapiens (human)
L-aspartate import across plasma membrane	Excitatory amino acid transporter 3	Homo sapiens (human)
transport across blood-brain barrier	Excitatory amino acid transporter 3	Homo sapiens (human)
chloride transmembrane transport	Excitatory amino acid transporter 3	Homo sapiens (human)
cysteine transmembrane transport	Excitatory amino acid transporter 3	Homo sapiens (human)
cellular response to bisphenol A	Excitatory amino acid transporter 3	Homo sapiens (human)
conditioned place preference	Excitatory amino acid transporter 3	Homo sapiens (human)
glutamate receptor signaling pathway	Glutamate receptor 4	Homo sapiens (human)
monoatomic ion transmembrane transport	Glutamate receptor 4	Homo sapiens (human)
negative regulation of smooth muscle cell apoptotic process	Glutamate receptor 4	Homo sapiens (human)
ionotropic glutamate receptor signaling pathway	Glutamate receptor 4	Homo sapiens (human)
regulation of postsynaptic membrane potential	Glutamate receptor 4	Homo sapiens (human)
regulation of presynaptic membrane potential	Glutamate receptor 4	Homo sapiens (human)
modulation of chemical synaptic transmission	Glutamate receptor 4	Homo sapiens (human)
synaptic transmission, glutamatergic	Glutamate receptor 4	Homo sapiens (human)
proteolysis	Glutamate carboxypeptidase 2	Homo sapiens (human)
folic acid-containing compound metabolic process	Glutamate carboxypeptidase 2	Homo sapiens (human)
C-terminal protein deglutamylation	Glutamate carboxypeptidase 2	Homo sapiens (human)
cellular response to amyloid-beta	Glutamate receptor ionotropic, NMDA 1	Homo sapiens (human)
monoatomic cation transport	Glutamate receptor ionotropic, NMDA 1	Homo sapiens (human)
brain development	Glutamate receptor ionotropic, NMDA 1	Homo sapiens (human)
visual learning	Glutamate receptor ionotropic, NMDA 1	Homo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of calcium ion transport into cytosol	Glutamate receptor ionotropic, NMDA 1	Homo sapiens (human)
propylene metabolic process	Glutamate receptor ionotropic, NMDA 1	Homo sapiens (human)
calcium-mediated signaling	Glutamate receptor ionotropic, NMDA 1	Homo sapiens (human)
ionotropic glutamate receptor signaling pathway	Glutamate receptor ionotropic, NMDA 1	Homo sapiens (human)
regulation of membrane potential	Glutamate receptor ionotropic, NMDA 1	Homo sapiens (human)
response to ethanol	Glutamate receptor ionotropic, NMDA 1	Homo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of transcription by RNA polymerase II	Glutamate receptor ionotropic, NMDA 1	Homo sapiens (human)
regulation of synaptic plasticity	Glutamate receptor ionotropic, NMDA 1	Homo sapiens (human)
regulation of neuronal synaptic plasticity	Glutamate receptor ionotropic, NMDA 1	Homo sapiens (human)
protein heterotetramerization	Glutamate receptor ionotropic, NMDA 1	Homo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of synaptic transmission, glutamatergic	Glutamate receptor ionotropic, NMDA 1	Homo sapiens (human)
calcium ion homeostasis	Glutamate receptor ionotropic, NMDA 1	Homo sapiens (human)
excitatory postsynaptic potential	Glutamate receptor ionotropic, NMDA 1	Homo sapiens (human)
calcium ion transmembrane import into cytosol	Glutamate receptor ionotropic, NMDA 1	Homo sapiens (human)
monoatomic cation transmembrane transport	Glutamate receptor ionotropic, NMDA 1	Homo sapiens (human)
excitatory chemical synaptic transmission	Glutamate receptor ionotropic, NMDA 1	Homo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of reactive oxygen species biosynthetic process	Glutamate receptor ionotropic, NMDA 1	Homo sapiens (human)
regulation of monoatomic cation transmembrane transport	Glutamate receptor ionotropic, NMDA 1	Homo sapiens (human)
response to glycine	Glutamate receptor ionotropic, NMDA 1	Homo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of excitatory postsynaptic potential	Glutamate receptor ionotropic, NMDA 1	Homo sapiens (human)
chemical synaptic transmission	Glutamate receptor ionotropic, NMDA 1	Homo sapiens (human)
cellular response to amyloid-beta	Glutamate receptor ionotropic, NMDA 2A	Homo sapiens (human)
startle response	Glutamate receptor ionotropic, NMDA 2A	Homo sapiens (human)
response to amphetamine	Glutamate receptor ionotropic, NMDA 2A	Homo sapiens (human)
glutamate receptor signaling pathway	Glutamate receptor ionotropic, NMDA 2A	Homo sapiens (human)
chemical synaptic transmission	Glutamate receptor ionotropic, NMDA 2A	Homo sapiens (human)
brain development	Glutamate receptor ionotropic, NMDA 2A	Homo sapiens (human)
learning or memory	Glutamate receptor ionotropic, NMDA 2A	Homo sapiens (human)
memory	Glutamate receptor ionotropic, NMDA 2A	Homo sapiens (human)
visual learning	Glutamate receptor ionotropic, NMDA 2A	Homo sapiens (human)
response to xenobiotic stimulus	Glutamate receptor ionotropic, NMDA 2A	Homo sapiens (human)
response to wounding	Glutamate receptor ionotropic, NMDA 2A	Homo sapiens (human)
sensory perception of pain	Glutamate receptor ionotropic, NMDA 2A	Homo sapiens (human)
calcium-mediated signaling	Glutamate receptor ionotropic, NMDA 2A	Homo sapiens (human)
neurogenesis	Glutamate receptor ionotropic, NMDA 2A	Homo sapiens (human)
protein catabolic process	Glutamate receptor ionotropic, NMDA 2A	Homo sapiens (human)
sleep	Glutamate receptor ionotropic, NMDA 2A	Homo sapiens (human)
directional locomotion	Glutamate receptor ionotropic, NMDA 2A	Homo sapiens (human)
ionotropic glutamate receptor signaling pathway	Glutamate receptor ionotropic, NMDA 2A	Homo sapiens (human)
negative regulation of protein catabolic process	Glutamate receptor ionotropic, NMDA 2A	Homo sapiens (human)
dopamine metabolic process	Glutamate receptor ionotropic, NMDA 2A	Homo sapiens (human)
serotonin metabolic process	Glutamate receptor ionotropic, NMDA 2A	Homo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of apoptotic process	Glutamate receptor ionotropic, NMDA 2A	Homo sapiens (human)
response to ethanol	Glutamate receptor ionotropic, NMDA 2A	Homo sapiens (human)
regulation of synaptic plasticity	Glutamate receptor ionotropic, NMDA 2A	Homo sapiens (human)
regulation of neuronal synaptic plasticity	Glutamate receptor ionotropic, NMDA 2A	Homo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of synaptic transmission, glutamatergic	Glutamate receptor ionotropic, NMDA 2A	Homo sapiens (human)
activation of cysteine-type endopeptidase activity	Glutamate receptor ionotropic, NMDA 2A	Homo sapiens (human)
calcium ion transmembrane import into cytosol	Glutamate receptor ionotropic, NMDA 2A	Homo sapiens (human)
monoatomic cation transmembrane transport	Glutamate receptor ionotropic, NMDA 2A	Homo sapiens (human)
excitatory chemical synaptic transmission	Glutamate receptor ionotropic, NMDA 2A	Homo sapiens (human)
protein localization to postsynaptic membrane	Glutamate receptor ionotropic, NMDA 2A	Homo sapiens (human)
regulation of monoatomic cation transmembrane transport	Glutamate receptor ionotropic, NMDA 2A	Homo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of excitatory postsynaptic potential	Glutamate receptor ionotropic, NMDA 2A	Homo sapiens (human)
synaptic transmission, glutamatergic	Glutamate receptor ionotropic, NMDA 2A	Homo sapiens (human)
excitatory postsynaptic potential	Glutamate receptor ionotropic, NMDA 2A	Homo sapiens (human)
long-term synaptic potentiation	Glutamate receptor ionotropic, NMDA 2A	Homo sapiens (human)
behavioral fear response	Glutamate receptor ionotropic, kainate 2	Homo sapiens (human)
intracellular calcium ion homeostasis	Glutamate receptor ionotropic, kainate 2	Homo sapiens (human)
glutamate receptor signaling pathway	Glutamate receptor ionotropic, kainate 2	Homo sapiens (human)
chemical synaptic transmission	Glutamate receptor ionotropic, kainate 2	Homo sapiens (human)
neuronal action potential	Glutamate receptor ionotropic, kainate 2	Homo sapiens (human)
monoatomic ion transmembrane transport	Glutamate receptor ionotropic, kainate 2	Homo sapiens (human)
ionotropic glutamate receptor signaling pathway	Glutamate receptor ionotropic, kainate 2	Homo sapiens (human)
receptor clustering	Glutamate receptor ionotropic, kainate 2	Homo sapiens (human)
negative regulation of neuron apoptotic process	Glutamate receptor ionotropic, kainate 2	Homo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of neuron apoptotic process	Glutamate receptor ionotropic, kainate 2	Homo sapiens (human)
regulation of JNK cascade	Glutamate receptor ionotropic, kainate 2	Homo sapiens (human)
regulation of long-term neuronal synaptic plasticity	Glutamate receptor ionotropic, kainate 2	Homo sapiens (human)
regulation of short-term neuronal synaptic plasticity	Glutamate receptor ionotropic, kainate 2	Homo sapiens (human)
modulation of chemical synaptic transmission	Glutamate receptor ionotropic, kainate 2	Homo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of synaptic transmission	Glutamate receptor ionotropic, kainate 2	Homo sapiens (human)
neuron apoptotic process	Glutamate receptor ionotropic, kainate 2	Homo sapiens (human)
negative regulation of synaptic transmission, glutamatergic	Glutamate receptor ionotropic, kainate 2	Homo sapiens (human)
excitatory postsynaptic potential	Glutamate receptor ionotropic, kainate 2	Homo sapiens (human)
inhibitory postsynaptic potential	Glutamate receptor ionotropic, kainate 2	Homo sapiens (human)
modulation of excitatory postsynaptic potential	Glutamate receptor ionotropic, kainate 2	Homo sapiens (human)
presynaptic modulation of chemical synaptic transmission	Glutamate receptor ionotropic, kainate 2	Homo sapiens (human)
regulation of presynaptic membrane potential	Glutamate receptor ionotropic, kainate 2	Homo sapiens (human)
detection of cold stimulus involved in thermoception	Glutamate receptor ionotropic, kainate 2	Homo sapiens (human)
synaptic transmission, glutamatergic	Glutamate receptor ionotropic, kainate 2	Homo sapiens (human)
regulation of membrane potential	Glutamate receptor ionotropic, kainate 3	Homo sapiens (human)
adenylate cyclase-inhibiting G protein-coupled glutamate receptor signaling pathway	Glutamate receptor ionotropic, kainate 3	Homo sapiens (human)
glutamate receptor signaling pathway	Glutamate receptor ionotropic, kainate 3	Homo sapiens (human)
G protein-coupled glutamate receptor signaling pathway	Glutamate receptor ionotropic, kainate 3	Homo sapiens (human)
monoatomic ion transmembrane transport	Glutamate receptor ionotropic, kainate 3	Homo sapiens (human)
ionotropic glutamate receptor signaling pathway	Glutamate receptor ionotropic, kainate 3	Homo sapiens (human)
regulation of membrane potential	Glutamate receptor ionotropic, kainate 3	Homo sapiens (human)
negative regulation of synaptic transmission, glutamatergic	Glutamate receptor ionotropic, kainate 3	Homo sapiens (human)
regulation of postsynaptic membrane potential	Glutamate receptor ionotropic, kainate 3	Homo sapiens (human)
regulation of presynaptic membrane potential	Glutamate receptor ionotropic, kainate 3	Homo sapiens (human)
modulation of chemical synaptic transmission	Glutamate receptor ionotropic, kainate 3	Homo sapiens (human)
synaptic transmission, glutamatergic	Glutamate receptor ionotropic, kainate 3	Homo sapiens (human)
glutamate receptor signaling pathway	Glutamate receptor ionotropic, NMDA 2B	Homo sapiens (human)
chemical synaptic transmission	Glutamate receptor ionotropic, NMDA 2B	Homo sapiens (human)
brain development	Glutamate receptor ionotropic, NMDA 2B	Homo sapiens (human)
learning or memory	Glutamate receptor ionotropic, NMDA 2B	Homo sapiens (human)
calcium-mediated signaling	Glutamate receptor ionotropic, NMDA 2B	Homo sapiens (human)
ionotropic glutamate receptor signaling pathway	Glutamate receptor ionotropic, NMDA 2B	Homo sapiens (human)
response to ethanol	Glutamate receptor ionotropic, NMDA 2B	Homo sapiens (human)
regulation of synaptic plasticity	Glutamate receptor ionotropic, NMDA 2B	Homo sapiens (human)
regulation of neuronal synaptic plasticity	Glutamate receptor ionotropic, NMDA 2B	Homo sapiens (human)
protein heterotetramerization	Glutamate receptor ionotropic, NMDA 2B	Homo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of synaptic transmission, glutamatergic	Glutamate receptor ionotropic, NMDA 2B	Homo sapiens (human)
calcium ion transmembrane import into cytosol	Glutamate receptor ionotropic, NMDA 2B	Homo sapiens (human)
monoatomic cation transmembrane transport	Glutamate receptor ionotropic, NMDA 2B	Homo sapiens (human)
excitatory chemical synaptic transmission	Glutamate receptor ionotropic, NMDA 2B	Homo sapiens (human)
regulation of presynaptic membrane potential	Glutamate receptor ionotropic, NMDA 2B	Homo sapiens (human)
negative regulation of dendritic spine maintenance	Glutamate receptor ionotropic, NMDA 2B	Homo sapiens (human)
regulation of monoatomic cation transmembrane transport	Glutamate receptor ionotropic, NMDA 2B	Homo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of excitatory postsynaptic potential	Glutamate receptor ionotropic, NMDA 2B	Homo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of cysteine-type endopeptidase activity	Glutamate receptor ionotropic, NMDA 2B	Homo sapiens (human)
long-term synaptic potentiation	Glutamate receptor ionotropic, NMDA 2B	Homo sapiens (human)
synaptic transmission, glutamatergic	Glutamate receptor ionotropic, NMDA 2B	Homo sapiens (human)
excitatory postsynaptic potential	Glutamate receptor ionotropic, NMDA 2B	Homo sapiens (human)
G protein-coupled receptor signaling pathway	Metabotropic glutamate receptor 1	Homo sapiens (human)
adenylate cyclase-inhibiting G protein-coupled glutamate receptor signaling pathway	Metabotropic glutamate receptor 1	Homo sapiens (human)
phospholipase C-activating G protein-coupled glutamate receptor signaling pathway	Metabotropic glutamate receptor 1	Homo sapiens (human)

Process	via Protein(s)	Taxonomy
G protein-coupled receptor activity	Metabotropic glutamate receptor 8	Homo sapiens (human)
glutamate receptor activity	Metabotropic glutamate receptor 8	Homo sapiens (human)
group III metabotropic glutamate receptor activity	Metabotropic glutamate receptor 8	Homo sapiens (human)
G protein-coupled receptor activity	Metabotropic glutamate receptor 6	Homo sapiens (human)
protein binding	Metabotropic glutamate receptor 6	Homo sapiens (human)
glutamate receptor activity	Metabotropic glutamate receptor 6	Homo sapiens (human)
protein homodimerization activity	Metabotropic glutamate receptor 6	Homo sapiens (human)
adenylate cyclase inhibiting G protein-coupled glutamate receptor activity	Metabotropic glutamate receptor 6	Homo sapiens (human)
glutamate-gated receptor activity	Glutamate receptor ionotropic, NMDA 2D	Homo sapiens (human)
NMDA glutamate receptor activity	Glutamate receptor ionotropic, NMDA 2D	Homo sapiens (human)
protein binding	Glutamate receptor ionotropic, NMDA 2D	Homo sapiens (human)
glutamate binding	Glutamate receptor ionotropic, NMDA 2D	Homo sapiens (human)
voltage-gated monoatomic cation channel activity	Glutamate receptor ionotropic, NMDA 2D	Homo sapiens (human)
glutamate-gated calcium ion channel activity	Glutamate receptor ionotropic, NMDA 2D	Homo sapiens (human)
ligand-gated monoatomic ion channel activity involved in regulation of presynaptic membrane potential	Glutamate receptor ionotropic, NMDA 2D	Homo sapiens (human)
transmitter-gated monoatomic ion channel activity involved in regulation of postsynaptic membrane potential	Glutamate receptor ionotropic, NMDA 2D	Homo sapiens (human)
calcium channel activity	Glutamate receptor ionotropic, NMDA 3B	Homo sapiens (human)
monoatomic cation channel activity	Glutamate receptor ionotropic, NMDA 3B	Homo sapiens (human)
glycine binding	Glutamate receptor ionotropic, NMDA 3B	Homo sapiens (human)
neurotransmitter receptor activity	Glutamate receptor ionotropic, NMDA 3B	Homo sapiens (human)
ligand-gated monoatomic ion channel activity involved in regulation of presynaptic membrane potential	Glutamate receptor ionotropic, NMDA 3B	Homo sapiens (human)
transmitter-gated monoatomic ion channel activity involved in regulation of postsynaptic membrane potential	Glutamate receptor ionotropic, NMDA 3B	Homo sapiens (human)
glutamate receptor activity	Glutamate receptor ionotropic, NMDA 3B	Homo sapiens (human)
NMDA glutamate receptor activity	Glutamate receptor ionotropic, NMDA 3B	Homo sapiens (human)
electron transfer activity	Glutathione reductase, mitochondrial	Homo sapiens (human)
NADP binding	Glutathione reductase, mitochondrial	Homo sapiens (human)
glutathione-disulfide reductase (NADPH) activity	Glutathione reductase, mitochondrial	Homo sapiens (human)
flavin adenine dinucleotide binding	Glutathione reductase, mitochondrial	Homo sapiens (human)
aspartate kinase activity	Bifunctional aspartokinase/homoserine dehydrogenase 1	Escherichia coli K-12
homoserine dehydrogenase activity	Bifunctional aspartokinase/homoserine dehydrogenase 1	Escherichia coli K-12
ATP binding	Bifunctional aspartokinase/homoserine dehydrogenase 1	Escherichia coli K-12
kinase activity	Bifunctional aspartokinase/homoserine dehydrogenase 1	Escherichia coli K-12
oxidoreductase activity	Bifunctional aspartokinase/homoserine dehydrogenase 1	Escherichia coli K-12
identical protein binding	Bifunctional aspartokinase/homoserine dehydrogenase 1	Escherichia coli K-12
metal ion binding	Bifunctional aspartokinase/homoserine dehydrogenase 1	Escherichia coli K-12
NADP binding	Bifunctional aspartokinase/homoserine dehydrogenase 1	Escherichia coli K-12
NAD+ binding	Bifunctional aspartokinase/homoserine dehydrogenase 1	Escherichia coli K-12
lipopolysaccharide binding	Prothrombin	Homo sapiens (human)
serine-type endopeptidase activity	Prothrombin	Homo sapiens (human)
signaling receptor binding	Prothrombin	Homo sapiens (human)
calcium ion binding	Prothrombin	Homo sapiens (human)
protein binding	Prothrombin	Homo sapiens (human)
growth factor activity	Prothrombin	Homo sapiens (human)
heparin binding	Prothrombin	Homo sapiens (human)
thrombospondin receptor activity	Prothrombin	Homo sapiens (human)
arylesterase activity	Carbonic anhydrase 1	Homo sapiens (human)
carbonate dehydratase activity	Carbonic anhydrase 1	Homo sapiens (human)
protein binding	Carbonic anhydrase 1	Homo sapiens (human)
zinc ion binding	Carbonic anhydrase 1	Homo sapiens (human)
hydro-lyase activity	Carbonic anhydrase 1	Homo sapiens (human)
cyanamide hydratase activity	Carbonic anhydrase 1	Homo sapiens (human)
arylesterase activity	Carbonic anhydrase 2	Homo sapiens (human)
carbonate dehydratase activity	Carbonic anhydrase 2	Homo sapiens (human)
protein binding	Carbonic anhydrase 2	Homo sapiens (human)
zinc ion binding	Carbonic anhydrase 2	Homo sapiens (human)
cyanamide hydratase activity	Carbonic anhydrase 2	Homo sapiens (human)
fibroblast growth factor binding	Integrin beta-3	Homo sapiens (human)
C-X3-C chemokine binding	Integrin beta-3	Homo sapiens (human)
insulin-like growth factor I binding	Integrin beta-3	Homo sapiens (human)
neuregulin binding	Integrin beta-3	Homo sapiens (human)
virus receptor activity	Integrin beta-3	Homo sapiens (human)
fibronectin binding	Integrin beta-3	Homo sapiens (human)
protease binding	Integrin beta-3	Homo sapiens (human)
protein disulfide isomerase activity	Integrin beta-3	Homo sapiens (human)
protein kinase C binding	Integrin beta-3	Homo sapiens (human)
platelet-derived growth factor receptor binding	Integrin beta-3	Homo sapiens (human)
integrin binding	Integrin beta-3	Homo sapiens (human)
protein binding	Integrin beta-3	Homo sapiens (human)
coreceptor activity	Integrin beta-3	Homo sapiens (human)
enzyme binding	Integrin beta-3	Homo sapiens (human)
identical protein binding	Integrin beta-3	Homo sapiens (human)
vascular endothelial growth factor receptor 2 binding	Integrin beta-3	Homo sapiens (human)
metal ion binding	Integrin beta-3	Homo sapiens (human)
cell adhesion molecule binding	Integrin beta-3	Homo sapiens (human)
extracellular matrix binding	Integrin beta-3	Homo sapiens (human)
fibrinogen binding	Integrin beta-3	Homo sapiens (human)
protein binding	Integrin alpha-IIb	Homo sapiens (human)
identical protein binding	Integrin alpha-IIb	Homo sapiens (human)
metal ion binding	Integrin alpha-IIb	Homo sapiens (human)
extracellular matrix binding	Integrin alpha-IIb	Homo sapiens (human)
molecular adaptor activity	Integrin alpha-IIb	Homo sapiens (human)
fibrinogen binding	Integrin alpha-IIb	Homo sapiens (human)
integrin binding	Integrin alpha-IIb	Homo sapiens (human)
glutamate-gated receptor activity	Glutamate receptor ionotropic, kainate 1	Homo sapiens (human)
kainate selective glutamate receptor activity	Glutamate receptor ionotropic, kainate 1	Homo sapiens (human)
glutamate-gated calcium ion channel activity	Glutamate receptor ionotropic, kainate 1	Homo sapiens (human)
transmitter-gated monoatomic ion channel activity involved in regulation of postsynaptic membrane potential	Glutamate receptor ionotropic, kainate 1	Homo sapiens (human)
G protein-coupled receptor activity	Metabotropic glutamate receptor 5	Homo sapiens (human)
protein binding	Metabotropic glutamate receptor 5	Homo sapiens (human)
glutamate receptor activity	Metabotropic glutamate receptor 5	Homo sapiens (human)
protein tyrosine kinase activator activity	Metabotropic glutamate receptor 5	Homo sapiens (human)
A2A adenosine receptor binding	Metabotropic glutamate receptor 5	Homo sapiens (human)
identical protein binding	Metabotropic glutamate receptor 5	Homo sapiens (human)
protein tyrosine kinase binding	Metabotropic glutamate receptor 5	Homo sapiens (human)
adenylate cyclase inhibiting G protein-coupled glutamate receptor activity	Metabotropic glutamate receptor 5	Homo sapiens (human)
neurotransmitter receptor activity involved in regulation of postsynaptic cytosolic calcium ion concentration	Metabotropic glutamate receptor 5	Homo sapiens (human)
G protein-coupled receptor activity involved in regulation of postsynaptic membrane potential	Metabotropic glutamate receptor 5	Homo sapiens (human)
amyloid-beta binding	Glutamate receptor 1	Homo sapiens (human)
G-protein alpha-subunit binding	Glutamate receptor 1	Homo sapiens (human)
AMPA glutamate receptor activity	Glutamate receptor 1	Homo sapiens (human)
protein binding	Glutamate receptor 1	Homo sapiens (human)
glutamate receptor activity	Glutamate receptor 1	Homo sapiens (human)
adenylate cyclase binding	Glutamate receptor 1	Homo sapiens (human)
immunoglobulin binding	Glutamate receptor 1	Homo sapiens (human)
protein kinase binding	Glutamate receptor 1	Homo sapiens (human)
glutamate-gated calcium ion channel activity	Glutamate receptor 1	Homo sapiens (human)
PDZ domain binding	Glutamate receptor 1	Homo sapiens (human)
small GTPase binding	Glutamate receptor 1	Homo sapiens (human)
myosin V binding	Glutamate receptor 1	Homo sapiens (human)
G-protein beta-subunit binding	Glutamate receptor 1	Homo sapiens (human)
beta-2 adrenergic receptor binding	Glutamate receptor 1	Homo sapiens (human)
glutamate receptor binding	Glutamate receptor 1	Homo sapiens (human)
identical protein binding	Glutamate receptor 1	Homo sapiens (human)
protein kinase A binding	Glutamate receptor 1	Homo sapiens (human)
scaffold protein binding	Glutamate receptor 1	Homo sapiens (human)
ligand-gated monoatomic ion channel activity involved in regulation of presynaptic membrane potential	Glutamate receptor 1	Homo sapiens (human)
transmitter-gated monoatomic ion channel activity involved in regulation of postsynaptic membrane potential	Glutamate receptor 1	Homo sapiens (human)
neurotransmitter receptor activity involved in regulation of postsynaptic cytosolic calcium ion concentration	Glutamate receptor 1	Homo sapiens (human)
AMPA glutamate receptor activity	Glutamate receptor 2	Homo sapiens (human)
amyloid-beta binding	Glutamate receptor 2	Homo sapiens (human)
glutamate-gated receptor activity	Glutamate receptor 2	Homo sapiens (human)
AMPA glutamate receptor activity	Glutamate receptor 2	Homo sapiens (human)
protein binding	Glutamate receptor 2	Homo sapiens (human)
ligand-gated monoatomic cation channel activity	Glutamate receptor 2	Homo sapiens (human)
transmitter-gated monoatomic ion channel activity involved in regulation of postsynaptic membrane potential	Glutamate receptor 2	Homo sapiens (human)
amyloid-beta binding	Glutamate receptor 3	Homo sapiens (human)
glutamate-gated receptor activity	Glutamate receptor 3	Homo sapiens (human)
AMPA glutamate receptor activity	Glutamate receptor 3	Homo sapiens (human)
glutamate-gated calcium ion channel activity	Glutamate receptor 3	Homo sapiens (human)
ligand-gated monoatomic ion channel activity involved in regulation of presynaptic membrane potential	Glutamate receptor 3	Homo sapiens (human)
transmitter-gated monoatomic ion channel activity involved in regulation of postsynaptic membrane potential	Glutamate receptor 3	Homo sapiens (human)
L-glutamate transmembrane transporter activity	Excitatory amino acid transporter 1	Homo sapiens (human)
high-affinity L-glutamate transmembrane transporter activity	Excitatory amino acid transporter 1	Homo sapiens (human)
protein binding	Excitatory amino acid transporter 1	Homo sapiens (human)
glutamate:sodium symporter activity	Excitatory amino acid transporter 1	Homo sapiens (human)
glutamate binding	Excitatory amino acid transporter 1	Homo sapiens (human)
metal ion binding	Excitatory amino acid transporter 1	Homo sapiens (human)
neutral L-amino acid transmembrane transporter activity	Excitatory amino acid transporter 1	Homo sapiens (human)
L-glutamate transmembrane transporter activity	Excitatory amino acid transporter 2	Homo sapiens (human)
high-affinity L-glutamate transmembrane transporter activity	Excitatory amino acid transporter 2	Homo sapiens (human)
protein binding	Excitatory amino acid transporter 2	Homo sapiens (human)
monoatomic anion transmembrane transporter activity	Excitatory amino acid transporter 2	Homo sapiens (human)
glutamate:sodium symporter activity	Excitatory amino acid transporter 2	Homo sapiens (human)
cysteine transmembrane transporter activity	Excitatory amino acid transporter 2	Homo sapiens (human)
metal ion binding	Excitatory amino acid transporter 2	Homo sapiens (human)
neutral L-amino acid transmembrane transporter activity	Excitatory amino acid transporter 2	Homo sapiens (human)
monoatomic anion channel activity	Excitatory amino acid transporter 3	Homo sapiens (human)
L-glutamate transmembrane transporter activity	Excitatory amino acid transporter 3	Homo sapiens (human)
high-affinity L-glutamate transmembrane transporter activity	Excitatory amino acid transporter 3	Homo sapiens (human)
protein binding	Excitatory amino acid transporter 3	Homo sapiens (human)
chloride transmembrane transporter activity	Excitatory amino acid transporter 3	Homo sapiens (human)
L-aspartate transmembrane transporter activity	Excitatory amino acid transporter 3	Homo sapiens (human)
glutamate:sodium symporter activity	Excitatory amino acid transporter 3	Homo sapiens (human)
glutamate binding	Excitatory amino acid transporter 3	Homo sapiens (human)
cysteine transmembrane transporter activity	Excitatory amino acid transporter 3	Homo sapiens (human)
identical protein binding	Excitatory amino acid transporter 3	Homo sapiens (human)
metal ion binding	Excitatory amino acid transporter 3	Homo sapiens (human)
D-aspartate transmembrane transporter activity	Excitatory amino acid transporter 3	Homo sapiens (human)
amyloid-beta binding	Glutamate receptor 4	Homo sapiens (human)
glutamate-gated receptor activity	Glutamate receptor 4	Homo sapiens (human)
AMPA glutamate receptor activity	Glutamate receptor 4	Homo sapiens (human)
ligand-gated monoatomic ion channel activity involved in regulation of presynaptic membrane potential	Glutamate receptor 4	Homo sapiens (human)
transmitter-gated monoatomic ion channel activity involved in regulation of postsynaptic membrane potential	Glutamate receptor 4	Homo sapiens (human)
metallocarboxypeptidase activity	Glutamate carboxypeptidase 2	Homo sapiens (human)
peptidase activity	Glutamate carboxypeptidase 2	Homo sapiens (human)
dipeptidase activity	Glutamate carboxypeptidase 2	Homo sapiens (human)
metal ion binding	Glutamate carboxypeptidase 2	Homo sapiens (human)
Ac-Asp-Glu binding	Glutamate carboxypeptidase 2	Homo sapiens (human)
tetrahydrofolyl-poly(glutamate) polymer binding	Glutamate carboxypeptidase 2	Homo sapiens (human)
carboxypeptidase activity	Glutamate carboxypeptidase 2	Homo sapiens (human)
NMDA glutamate receptor activity	Glutamate receptor ionotropic, NMDA 1	Homo sapiens (human)
calcium channel activity	Glutamate receptor ionotropic, NMDA 1	Homo sapiens (human)
amyloid-beta binding	Glutamate receptor ionotropic, NMDA 1	Homo sapiens (human)
NMDA glutamate receptor activity	Glutamate receptor ionotropic, NMDA 1	Homo sapiens (human)
calcium ion binding	Glutamate receptor ionotropic, NMDA 1	Homo sapiens (human)
protein binding	Glutamate receptor ionotropic, NMDA 1	Homo sapiens (human)
calmodulin binding	Glutamate receptor ionotropic, NMDA 1	Homo sapiens (human)
glycine binding	Glutamate receptor ionotropic, NMDA 1	Homo sapiens (human)
glutamate binding	Glutamate receptor ionotropic, NMDA 1	Homo sapiens (human)
glutamate-gated calcium ion channel activity	Glutamate receptor ionotropic, NMDA 1	Homo sapiens (human)
protein-containing complex binding	Glutamate receptor ionotropic, NMDA 1	Homo sapiens (human)
signaling receptor activity	Glutamate receptor ionotropic, NMDA 1	Homo sapiens (human)
ligand-gated monoatomic ion channel activity	Glutamate receptor ionotropic, NMDA 1	Homo sapiens (human)
amyloid-beta binding	Glutamate receptor ionotropic, NMDA 2A	Homo sapiens (human)
NMDA glutamate receptor activity	Glutamate receptor ionotropic, NMDA 2A	Homo sapiens (human)
protein binding	Glutamate receptor ionotropic, NMDA 2A	Homo sapiens (human)
zinc ion binding	Glutamate receptor ionotropic, NMDA 2A	Homo sapiens (human)
glutamate-gated calcium ion channel activity	Glutamate receptor ionotropic, NMDA 2A	Homo sapiens (human)
transmitter-gated monoatomic ion channel activity involved in regulation of postsynaptic membrane potential	Glutamate receptor ionotropic, NMDA 2A	Homo sapiens (human)
SNARE binding	Glutamate receptor ionotropic, kainate 2	Homo sapiens (human)
glutamate-gated receptor activity	Glutamate receptor ionotropic, kainate 2	Homo sapiens (human)
extracellularly glutamate-gated ion channel activity	Glutamate receptor ionotropic, kainate 2	Homo sapiens (human)
kainate selective glutamate receptor activity	Glutamate receptor ionotropic, kainate 2	Homo sapiens (human)
PDZ domain binding	Glutamate receptor ionotropic, kainate 2	Homo sapiens (human)
ubiquitin conjugating enzyme binding	Glutamate receptor ionotropic, kainate 2	Homo sapiens (human)
ubiquitin protein ligase binding	Glutamate receptor ionotropic, kainate 2	Homo sapiens (human)
identical protein binding	Glutamate receptor ionotropic, kainate 2	Homo sapiens (human)
scaffold protein binding	Glutamate receptor ionotropic, kainate 2	Homo sapiens (human)
ligand-gated monoatomic ion channel activity involved in regulation of presynaptic membrane potential	Glutamate receptor ionotropic, kainate 2	Homo sapiens (human)
transmitter-gated monoatomic ion channel activity involved in regulation of postsynaptic membrane potential	Glutamate receptor ionotropic, kainate 2	Homo sapiens (human)
adenylate cyclase inhibiting G protein-coupled glutamate receptor activity	Glutamate receptor ionotropic, kainate 3	Homo sapiens (human)
glutamate-gated receptor activity	Glutamate receptor ionotropic, kainate 3	Homo sapiens (human)
glutamate receptor activity	Glutamate receptor ionotropic, kainate 3	Homo sapiens (human)
kainate selective glutamate receptor activity	Glutamate receptor ionotropic, kainate 3	Homo sapiens (human)
ligand-gated monoatomic ion channel activity involved in regulation of presynaptic membrane potential	Glutamate receptor ionotropic, kainate 3	Homo sapiens (human)
transmitter-gated monoatomic ion channel activity involved in regulation of postsynaptic membrane potential	Glutamate receptor ionotropic, kainate 3	Homo sapiens (human)
amyloid-beta binding	Glutamate receptor ionotropic, NMDA 2B	Homo sapiens (human)
NMDA glutamate receptor activity	Glutamate receptor ionotropic, NMDA 2B	Homo sapiens (human)
protein binding	Glutamate receptor ionotropic, NMDA 2B	Homo sapiens (human)
zinc ion binding	Glutamate receptor ionotropic, NMDA 2B	Homo sapiens (human)
glycine binding	Glutamate receptor ionotropic, NMDA 2B	Homo sapiens (human)
glutamate binding	Glutamate receptor ionotropic, NMDA 2B	Homo sapiens (human)
glutamate-gated calcium ion channel activity	Glutamate receptor ionotropic, NMDA 2B	Homo sapiens (human)
ligand-gated monoatomic ion channel activity involved in regulation of presynaptic membrane potential	Glutamate receptor ionotropic, NMDA 2B	Homo sapiens (human)
transmitter-gated monoatomic ion channel activity involved in regulation of postsynaptic membrane potential	Glutamate receptor ionotropic, NMDA 2B	Homo sapiens (human)
G protein-coupled receptor activity	Metabotropic glutamate receptor 1	Homo sapiens (human)
protein binding	Metabotropic glutamate receptor 1	Homo sapiens (human)
glutamate receptor activity	Metabotropic glutamate receptor 1	Homo sapiens (human)
G protein-coupled neurotransmitter receptor activity involved in regulation of postsynaptic cytosolic calcium ion concentration	Metabotropic glutamate receptor 1	Homo sapiens (human)
adenylate cyclase inhibiting G protein-coupled glutamate receptor activity	Metabotropic glutamate receptor 1	Homo sapiens (human)
neurotransmitter receptor activity involved in regulation of postsynaptic cytosolic calcium ion concentration	Metabotropic glutamate receptor 1	Homo sapiens (human)
G protein-coupled receptor activity involved in regulation of postsynaptic membrane potential	Metabotropic glutamate receptor 1	Homo sapiens (human)
G protein-coupled receptor activity	Metabotropic glutamate receptor 2	Homo sapiens (human)
calcium channel regulator activity	Metabotropic glutamate receptor 2	Homo sapiens (human)
protein binding	Metabotropic glutamate receptor 2	Homo sapiens (human)
glutamate receptor activity	Metabotropic glutamate receptor 2	Homo sapiens (human)
scaffold protein binding	Metabotropic glutamate receptor 2	Homo sapiens (human)
group II metabotropic glutamate receptor activity	Metabotropic glutamate receptor 2	Homo sapiens (human)
group III metabotropic glutamate receptor activity	Metabotropic glutamate receptor 7	Homo sapiens (human)
glutamate receptor activity	Metabotropic glutamate receptor 7	Homo sapiens (human)
adenylate cyclase inhibitor activity	Metabotropic glutamate receptor 7	Homo sapiens (human)
protein dimerization activity	Metabotropic glutamate receptor 7	Homo sapiens (human)
serine binding	Metabotropic glutamate receptor 7	Homo sapiens (human)
G protein-coupled receptor activity	Metabotropic glutamate receptor 3	Homo sapiens (human)
calcium channel regulator activity	Metabotropic glutamate receptor 3	Homo sapiens (human)
glutamate receptor activity	Metabotropic glutamate receptor 3	Homo sapiens (human)
scaffold protein binding	Metabotropic glutamate receptor 3	Homo sapiens (human)
group II metabotropic glutamate receptor activity	Metabotropic glutamate receptor 3	Homo sapiens (human)
G protein-coupled receptor activity	Metabotropic glutamate receptor 4	Homo sapiens (human)
glutamate receptor activity	Metabotropic glutamate receptor 4	Homo sapiens (human)
adenylate cyclase inhibiting G protein-coupled glutamate receptor activity	Metabotropic glutamate receptor 4	Homo sapiens (human)
NMDA glutamate receptor activity	Glutamate receptor ionotropic, NMDA 2C	Homo sapiens (human)
protein binding	Glutamate receptor ionotropic, NMDA 2C	Homo sapiens (human)
glutamate-gated calcium ion channel activity	Glutamate receptor ionotropic, NMDA 2C	Homo sapiens (human)
transmitter-gated monoatomic ion channel activity involved in regulation of postsynaptic membrane potential	Glutamate receptor ionotropic, NMDA 2C	Homo sapiens (human)
glutamate-gated receptor activity	Glutamate receptor ionotropic, kainate 5	Homo sapiens (human)
kainate selective glutamate receptor activity	Glutamate receptor ionotropic, kainate 5	Homo sapiens (human)
ligand-gated monoatomic ion channel activity involved in regulation of presynaptic membrane potential	Glutamate receptor ionotropic, kainate 5	Homo sapiens (human)
transmitter-gated monoatomic ion channel activity involved in regulation of postsynaptic membrane potential	Glutamate receptor ionotropic, kainate 5	Homo sapiens (human)
NMDA glutamate receptor activity	Glutamate receptor ionotropic, NMDA 3A	Homo sapiens (human)
NMDA glutamate receptor activity	Glutamate receptor ionotropic, NMDA 3A	Homo sapiens (human)
calcium channel activity	Glutamate receptor ionotropic, NMDA 3A	Homo sapiens (human)
protein binding	Glutamate receptor ionotropic, NMDA 3A	Homo sapiens (human)
glycine binding	Glutamate receptor ionotropic, NMDA 3A	Homo sapiens (human)
identical protein binding	Glutamate receptor ionotropic, NMDA 3A	Homo sapiens (human)
protein phosphatase 2A binding	Glutamate receptor ionotropic, NMDA 3A	Homo sapiens (human)
glutamate receptor activity	Glutamate receptor ionotropic, NMDA 3A	Homo sapiens (human)
transmitter-gated monoatomic ion channel activity involved in regulation of postsynaptic membrane potential	Glutamate receptor ionotropic, NMDA 3A	Homo sapiens (human)
ferrous iron binding	Alpha-ketoglutarate-dependent dioxygenase FTO	Homo sapiens (human)
transferase activity	Alpha-ketoglutarate-dependent dioxygenase FTO	Homo sapiens (human)
oxidative RNA demethylase activity	Alpha-ketoglutarate-dependent dioxygenase FTO	Homo sapiens (human)
broad specificity oxidative DNA demethylase activity	Alpha-ketoglutarate-dependent dioxygenase FTO	Homo sapiens (human)
mRNA N6-methyladenosine dioxygenase activity	Alpha-ketoglutarate-dependent dioxygenase FTO	Homo sapiens (human)
tRNA demethylase activity	Alpha-ketoglutarate-dependent dioxygenase FTO	Homo sapiens (human)
[Information is prepared from geneontology information from the June-17-2024 release]

Process	via Protein(s)	Taxonomy
plasma membrane	Metabotropic glutamate receptor 8	Homo sapiens (human)
plasma membrane	Metabotropic glutamate receptor 8	Homo sapiens (human)
Golgi membrane	Metabotropic glutamate receptor 6	Homo sapiens (human)
endoplasmic reticulum membrane	Metabotropic glutamate receptor 6	Homo sapiens (human)
plasma membrane	Metabotropic glutamate receptor 6	Homo sapiens (human)
dendrite	Metabotropic glutamate receptor 6	Homo sapiens (human)
new growing cell tip	Metabotropic glutamate receptor 6	Homo sapiens (human)
synapse	Metabotropic glutamate receptor 6	Homo sapiens (human)
plasma membrane	Metabotropic glutamate receptor 6	Homo sapiens (human)
endoplasmic reticulum membrane	Glutamate receptor ionotropic, NMDA 2D	Homo sapiens (human)
plasma membrane	Glutamate receptor ionotropic, NMDA 2D	Homo sapiens (human)
NMDA selective glutamate receptor complex	Glutamate receptor ionotropic, NMDA 2D	Homo sapiens (human)
postsynaptic membrane	Glutamate receptor ionotropic, NMDA 2D	Homo sapiens (human)
presynaptic active zone membrane	Glutamate receptor ionotropic, NMDA 2D	Homo sapiens (human)
hippocampal mossy fiber to CA3 synapse	Glutamate receptor ionotropic, NMDA 2D	Homo sapiens (human)
glutamatergic synapse	Glutamate receptor ionotropic, NMDA 2D	Homo sapiens (human)
postsynaptic density membrane	Glutamate receptor ionotropic, NMDA 2D	Homo sapiens (human)
plasma membrane	Glutamate receptor ionotropic, NMDA 2D	Homo sapiens (human)
neuronal cell body	Glutamate receptor ionotropic, NMDA 3B	Homo sapiens (human)
NMDA selective glutamate receptor complex	Glutamate receptor ionotropic, NMDA 3B	Homo sapiens (human)
plasma membrane	Glutamate receptor ionotropic, NMDA 3B	Homo sapiens (human)
postsynaptic density membrane	Glutamate receptor ionotropic, NMDA 3B	Homo sapiens (human)
mitochondrial matrix	Glutathione reductase, mitochondrial	Homo sapiens (human)
cytosol	Glutathione reductase, mitochondrial	Homo sapiens (human)
external side of plasma membrane	Glutathione reductase, mitochondrial	Homo sapiens (human)
extracellular exosome	Glutathione reductase, mitochondrial	Homo sapiens (human)
cytosol	Glutathione reductase, mitochondrial	Homo sapiens (human)
mitochondrion	Glutathione reductase, mitochondrial	Homo sapiens (human)
external side of plasma membrane	Prothrombin	Homo sapiens (human)
collagen-containing extracellular matrix	Prothrombin	Homo sapiens (human)
extracellular region	Prothrombin	Homo sapiens (human)
extracellular space	Prothrombin	Homo sapiens (human)
endoplasmic reticulum lumen	Prothrombin	Homo sapiens (human)
Golgi lumen	Prothrombin	Homo sapiens (human)
plasma membrane	Prothrombin	Homo sapiens (human)
extracellular exosome	Prothrombin	Homo sapiens (human)
blood microparticle	Prothrombin	Homo sapiens (human)
collagen-containing extracellular matrix	Prothrombin	Homo sapiens (human)
extracellular space	Prothrombin	Homo sapiens (human)
cytosol	Carbonic anhydrase 1	Homo sapiens (human)
extracellular exosome	Carbonic anhydrase 1	Homo sapiens (human)
cytoplasm	Carbonic anhydrase 2	Homo sapiens (human)
cytosol	Carbonic anhydrase 2	Homo sapiens (human)
plasma membrane	Carbonic anhydrase 2	Homo sapiens (human)
myelin sheath	Carbonic anhydrase 2	Homo sapiens (human)
apical part of cell	Carbonic anhydrase 2	Homo sapiens (human)
extracellular exosome	Carbonic anhydrase 2	Homo sapiens (human)
cytoplasm	Carbonic anhydrase 2	Homo sapiens (human)
plasma membrane	Carbonic anhydrase 2	Homo sapiens (human)
apical part of cell	Carbonic anhydrase 2	Homo sapiens (human)
glutamatergic synapse	Integrin beta-3	Homo sapiens (human)
nucleus	Integrin beta-3	Homo sapiens (human)
nucleoplasm	Integrin beta-3	Homo sapiens (human)
plasma membrane	Integrin beta-3	Homo sapiens (human)
cell-cell junction	Integrin beta-3	Homo sapiens (human)
focal adhesion	Integrin beta-3	Homo sapiens (human)
external side of plasma membrane	Integrin beta-3	Homo sapiens (human)
cell surface	Integrin beta-3	Homo sapiens (human)
apical plasma membrane	Integrin beta-3	Homo sapiens (human)
platelet alpha granule membrane	Integrin beta-3	Homo sapiens (human)
lamellipodium membrane	Integrin beta-3	Homo sapiens (human)
filopodium membrane	Integrin beta-3	Homo sapiens (human)
microvillus membrane	Integrin beta-3	Homo sapiens (human)
ruffle membrane	Integrin beta-3	Homo sapiens (human)
integrin alphav-beta3 complex	Integrin beta-3	Homo sapiens (human)
melanosome	Integrin beta-3	Homo sapiens (human)
synapse	Integrin beta-3	Homo sapiens (human)
postsynaptic membrane	Integrin beta-3	Homo sapiens (human)
extracellular exosome	Integrin beta-3	Homo sapiens (human)
integrin alphaIIb-beta3 complex	Integrin beta-3	Homo sapiens (human)
glycinergic synapse	Integrin beta-3	Homo sapiens (human)
integrin complex	Integrin beta-3	Homo sapiens (human)
protein-containing complex	Integrin beta-3	Homo sapiens (human)
alphav-beta3 integrin-PKCalpha complex	Integrin beta-3	Homo sapiens (human)
alphav-beta3 integrin-IGF-1-IGF1R complex	Integrin beta-3	Homo sapiens (human)
alphav-beta3 integrin-HMGB1 complex	Integrin beta-3	Homo sapiens (human)
receptor complex	Integrin beta-3	Homo sapiens (human)
alphav-beta3 integrin-vitronectin complex	Integrin beta-3	Homo sapiens (human)
alpha9-beta1 integrin-ADAM8 complex	Integrin beta-3	Homo sapiens (human)
focal adhesion	Integrin beta-3	Homo sapiens (human)
cell surface	Integrin beta-3	Homo sapiens (human)
synapse	Integrin beta-3	Homo sapiens (human)
plasma membrane	Integrin alpha-IIb	Homo sapiens (human)
focal adhesion	Integrin alpha-IIb	Homo sapiens (human)
cell surface	Integrin alpha-IIb	Homo sapiens (human)
platelet alpha granule membrane	Integrin alpha-IIb	Homo sapiens (human)
extracellular exosome	Integrin alpha-IIb	Homo sapiens (human)
integrin alphaIIb-beta3 complex	Integrin alpha-IIb	Homo sapiens (human)
blood microparticle	Integrin alpha-IIb	Homo sapiens (human)
integrin complex	Integrin alpha-IIb	Homo sapiens (human)
external side of plasma membrane	Integrin alpha-IIb	Homo sapiens (human)
plasma membrane	Glutamate receptor 1	Rattus norvegicus (Norway rat)
plasma membrane	Glutamate receptor 2	Rattus norvegicus (Norway rat)
plasma membrane	Metabotropic glutamate receptor 1	Rattus norvegicus (Norway rat)
plasma membrane	Metabotropic glutamate receptor 4	Rattus norvegicus (Norway rat)
endoplasmic reticulum membrane	Glutamate receptor ionotropic, NMDA 1	Rattus norvegicus (Norway rat)
plasma membrane	Glutamate receptor ionotropic, NMDA 1	Rattus norvegicus (Norway rat)
plasma membrane	Glutamate receptor ionotropic, kainate 1	Homo sapiens (human)
intracellular membrane-bounded organelle	Glutamate receptor ionotropic, kainate 1	Homo sapiens (human)
plasma membrane	Glutamate receptor ionotropic, kainate 1	Homo sapiens (human)
kainate selective glutamate receptor complex	Glutamate receptor ionotropic, kainate 1	Homo sapiens (human)
presynaptic membrane	Glutamate receptor ionotropic, kainate 1	Homo sapiens (human)
postsynaptic density membrane	Glutamate receptor ionotropic, kainate 1	Homo sapiens (human)
dendrite	Metabotropic glutamate receptor 5	Homo sapiens (human)
cytoplasm	Metabotropic glutamate receptor 5	Homo sapiens (human)
plasma membrane	Metabotropic glutamate receptor 5	Homo sapiens (human)
dendritic spine	Metabotropic glutamate receptor 5	Homo sapiens (human)
dendritic shaft	Metabotropic glutamate receptor 5	Homo sapiens (human)
astrocyte projection	Metabotropic glutamate receptor 5	Homo sapiens (human)
Schaffer collateral - CA1 synapse	Metabotropic glutamate receptor 5	Homo sapiens (human)
glutamatergic synapse	Metabotropic glutamate receptor 5	Homo sapiens (human)
postsynaptic density membrane	Metabotropic glutamate receptor 5	Homo sapiens (human)
plasma membrane	Metabotropic glutamate receptor 5	Homo sapiens (human)
endoplasmic reticulum membrane	Glutamate receptor 1	Homo sapiens (human)
plasma membrane	Glutamate receptor 1	Homo sapiens (human)
cell-cell junction	Glutamate receptor 1	Homo sapiens (human)
cell surface	Glutamate receptor 1	Homo sapiens (human)
ER to Golgi transport vesicle membrane	Glutamate receptor 1	Homo sapiens (human)
postsynaptic density	Glutamate receptor 1	Homo sapiens (human)
dendrite	Glutamate receptor 1	Homo sapiens (human)
endocytic vesicle membrane	Glutamate receptor 1	Homo sapiens (human)
synaptic vesicle membrane	Glutamate receptor 1	Homo sapiens (human)
neuromuscular junction	Glutamate receptor 1	Homo sapiens (human)
early endosome membrane	Glutamate receptor 1	Homo sapiens (human)
dendritic spine membrane	Glutamate receptor 1	Homo sapiens (human)
neuronal cell body membrane	Glutamate receptor 1	Homo sapiens (human)
endoplasmic reticulum-Golgi intermediate compartment membrane	Glutamate receptor 1	Homo sapiens (human)
neuronal cell body	Glutamate receptor 1	Homo sapiens (human)
dendritic spine	Glutamate receptor 1	Homo sapiens (human)
dendritic shaft	Glutamate receptor 1	Homo sapiens (human)
axonal spine	Glutamate receptor 1	Homo sapiens (human)
neuron spine	Glutamate receptor 1	Homo sapiens (human)
postsynaptic membrane	Glutamate receptor 1	Homo sapiens (human)
presynaptic active zone membrane	Glutamate receptor 1	Homo sapiens (human)
recycling endosome	Glutamate receptor 1	Homo sapiens (human)
recycling endosome membrane	Glutamate receptor 1	Homo sapiens (human)
excitatory synapse	Glutamate receptor 1	Homo sapiens (human)
synaptic membrane	Glutamate receptor 1	Homo sapiens (human)
presynapse	Glutamate receptor 1	Homo sapiens (human)
postsynaptic density membrane	Glutamate receptor 1	Homo sapiens (human)
glutamatergic synapse	Glutamate receptor 1	Homo sapiens (human)
postsynaptic density, intracellular component	Glutamate receptor 1	Homo sapiens (human)
perisynaptic space	Glutamate receptor 1	Homo sapiens (human)
AMPA glutamate receptor complex	Glutamate receptor 1	Homo sapiens (human)
plasma membrane	Glutamate receptor 1	Homo sapiens (human)
dendritic spine	Glutamate receptor 1	Homo sapiens (human)
postsynaptic density membrane	Glutamate receptor 1	Homo sapiens (human)
plasma membrane	Glutamate receptor 2	Homo sapiens (human)
external side of plasma membrane	Glutamate receptor 2	Homo sapiens (human)
postsynaptic density	Glutamate receptor 2	Homo sapiens (human)
dendrite	Glutamate receptor 2	Homo sapiens (human)
endocytic vesicle membrane	Glutamate receptor 2	Homo sapiens (human)
asymmetric synapse	Glutamate receptor 2	Homo sapiens (human)
neuronal cell body	Glutamate receptor 2	Homo sapiens (human)
dendritic spine	Glutamate receptor 2	Homo sapiens (human)
excitatory synapse	Glutamate receptor 2	Homo sapiens (human)
postsynapse	Glutamate receptor 2	Homo sapiens (human)
postsynaptic endocytic zone	Glutamate receptor 2	Homo sapiens (human)
AMPA glutamate receptor complex	Glutamate receptor 2	Homo sapiens (human)
plasma membrane	Glutamate receptor 2	Homo sapiens (human)
dendritic spine	Glutamate receptor 2	Homo sapiens (human)
postsynaptic density membrane	Glutamate receptor 2	Homo sapiens (human)
plasma membrane	Glutamate receptor 3	Homo sapiens (human)
endocytic vesicle membrane	Glutamate receptor 3	Homo sapiens (human)
postsynaptic membrane	Glutamate receptor 3	Homo sapiens (human)
parallel fiber to Purkinje cell synapse	Glutamate receptor 3	Homo sapiens (human)
AMPA glutamate receptor complex	Glutamate receptor 3	Homo sapiens (human)
plasma membrane	Glutamate receptor 3	Homo sapiens (human)
postsynaptic density membrane	Glutamate receptor 3	Homo sapiens (human)
dendritic spine	Glutamate receptor 3	Homo sapiens (human)
plasma membrane	Excitatory amino acid transporter 1	Homo sapiens (human)
basal plasma membrane	Excitatory amino acid transporter 1	Homo sapiens (human)
cell surface	Excitatory amino acid transporter 1	Homo sapiens (human)
membrane	Excitatory amino acid transporter 1	Homo sapiens (human)
cytoplasmic vesicle	Excitatory amino acid transporter 1	Homo sapiens (human)
neuron projection	Excitatory amino acid transporter 1	Homo sapiens (human)
neuronal cell body	Excitatory amino acid transporter 1	Homo sapiens (human)
synapse	Excitatory amino acid transporter 1	Homo sapiens (human)
perinuclear region of cytoplasm	Excitatory amino acid transporter 1	Homo sapiens (human)
membrane protein complex	Excitatory amino acid transporter 1	Homo sapiens (human)
plasma membrane	Excitatory amino acid transporter 1	Homo sapiens (human)
presynaptic membrane	Excitatory amino acid transporter 2	Homo sapiens (human)
plasma membrane	Excitatory amino acid transporter 2	Homo sapiens (human)
cell surface	Excitatory amino acid transporter 2	Homo sapiens (human)
membrane	Excitatory amino acid transporter 2	Homo sapiens (human)
axolemma	Excitatory amino acid transporter 2	Homo sapiens (human)
vesicle	Excitatory amino acid transporter 2	Homo sapiens (human)
cell body	Excitatory amino acid transporter 2	Homo sapiens (human)
neuron projection terminus	Excitatory amino acid transporter 2	Homo sapiens (human)
membrane raft	Excitatory amino acid transporter 2	Homo sapiens (human)
astrocyte projection	Excitatory amino acid transporter 2	Homo sapiens (human)
glutamatergic synapse	Excitatory amino acid transporter 2	Homo sapiens (human)
membrane protein complex	Excitatory amino acid transporter 2	Homo sapiens (human)
plasma membrane	Excitatory amino acid transporter 2	Homo sapiens (human)
plasma membrane	Excitatory amino acid transporter 3	Homo sapiens (human)
endoplasmic reticulum	Excitatory amino acid transporter 3	Homo sapiens (human)
plasma membrane	Excitatory amino acid transporter 3	Homo sapiens (human)
cell surface	Excitatory amino acid transporter 3	Homo sapiens (human)
membrane	Excitatory amino acid transporter 3	Homo sapiens (human)
apical plasma membrane	Excitatory amino acid transporter 3	Homo sapiens (human)
axon	Excitatory amino acid transporter 3	Homo sapiens (human)
dendrite	Excitatory amino acid transporter 3	Homo sapiens (human)
early endosome membrane	Excitatory amino acid transporter 3	Homo sapiens (human)
late endosome membrane	Excitatory amino acid transporter 3	Homo sapiens (human)
asymmetric synapse	Excitatory amino acid transporter 3	Homo sapiens (human)
neuronal cell body	Excitatory amino acid transporter 3	Homo sapiens (human)
synaptic cleft	Excitatory amino acid transporter 3	Homo sapiens (human)
dendritic spine	Excitatory amino acid transporter 3	Homo sapiens (human)
dendritic shaft	Excitatory amino acid transporter 3	Homo sapiens (human)
perikaryon	Excitatory amino acid transporter 3	Homo sapiens (human)
axon terminus	Excitatory amino acid transporter 3	Homo sapiens (human)
membrane raft	Excitatory amino acid transporter 3	Homo sapiens (human)
recycling endosome membrane	Excitatory amino acid transporter 3	Homo sapiens (human)
extracellular exosome	Excitatory amino acid transporter 3	Homo sapiens (human)
cell periphery	Excitatory amino acid transporter 3	Homo sapiens (human)
glial cell projection	Excitatory amino acid transporter 3	Homo sapiens (human)
apical dendrite	Excitatory amino acid transporter 3	Homo sapiens (human)
Schaffer collateral - CA1 synapse	Excitatory amino acid transporter 3	Homo sapiens (human)
presynapse	Excitatory amino acid transporter 3	Homo sapiens (human)
perisynaptic space	Excitatory amino acid transporter 3	Homo sapiens (human)
distal dendrite	Excitatory amino acid transporter 3	Homo sapiens (human)
proximal dendrite	Excitatory amino acid transporter 3	Homo sapiens (human)
plasma membrane	Glutamate receptor 4	Homo sapiens (human)
dendrite	Glutamate receptor 4	Homo sapiens (human)
endocytic vesicle membrane	Glutamate receptor 4	Homo sapiens (human)
neuronal cell body	Glutamate receptor 4	Homo sapiens (human)
dendritic spine	Glutamate receptor 4	Homo sapiens (human)
extracellular vesicle	Glutamate receptor 4	Homo sapiens (human)
AMPA glutamate receptor complex	Glutamate receptor 4	Homo sapiens (human)
postsynaptic density membrane	Glutamate receptor 4	Homo sapiens (human)
plasma membrane	Glutamate receptor 4	Homo sapiens (human)
dendritic spine	Glutamate receptor 4	Homo sapiens (human)
endoplasmic reticulum membrane	Glutamate receptor ionotropic, NMDA 2A	Rattus norvegicus (Norway rat)
plasma membrane	Glutamate receptor ionotropic, NMDA 2A	Rattus norvegicus (Norway rat)
endoplasmic reticulum membrane	Glutamate receptor ionotropic, NMDA 2B	Rattus norvegicus (Norway rat)
plasma membrane	Glutamate receptor ionotropic, NMDA 2B	Rattus norvegicus (Norway rat)
endoplasmic reticulum membrane	Glutamate receptor ionotropic, NMDA 2C	Rattus norvegicus (Norway rat)
plasma membrane	Glutamate receptor ionotropic, NMDA 2C	Rattus norvegicus (Norway rat)
cytoplasm	Glutamate carboxypeptidase 2	Homo sapiens (human)
plasma membrane	Glutamate carboxypeptidase 2	Homo sapiens (human)
cell surface	Glutamate carboxypeptidase 2	Homo sapiens (human)
membrane	Glutamate carboxypeptidase 2	Homo sapiens (human)
extracellular exosome	Glutamate carboxypeptidase 2	Homo sapiens (human)
plasma membrane	Glutamate carboxypeptidase 2	Homo sapiens (human)
cytoplasm	Glutamate receptor ionotropic, NMDA 1	Homo sapiens (human)
endoplasmic reticulum membrane	Glutamate receptor ionotropic, NMDA 1	Homo sapiens (human)
plasma membrane	Glutamate receptor ionotropic, NMDA 1	Homo sapiens (human)
synaptic vesicle	Glutamate receptor ionotropic, NMDA 1	Homo sapiens (human)
cell surface	Glutamate receptor ionotropic, NMDA 1	Homo sapiens (human)
postsynaptic density	Glutamate receptor ionotropic, NMDA 1	Homo sapiens (human)
NMDA selective glutamate receptor complex	Glutamate receptor ionotropic, NMDA 1	Homo sapiens (human)
dendrite	Glutamate receptor ionotropic, NMDA 1	Homo sapiens (human)
neuron projection	Glutamate receptor ionotropic, NMDA 1	Homo sapiens (human)
synaptic cleft	Glutamate receptor ionotropic, NMDA 1	Homo sapiens (human)
terminal bouton	Glutamate receptor ionotropic, NMDA 1	Homo sapiens (human)
dendritic spine	Glutamate receptor ionotropic, NMDA 1	Homo sapiens (human)
synapse	Glutamate receptor ionotropic, NMDA 1	Homo sapiens (human)
postsynaptic membrane	Glutamate receptor ionotropic, NMDA 1	Homo sapiens (human)
excitatory synapse	Glutamate receptor ionotropic, NMDA 1	Homo sapiens (human)
synaptic membrane	Glutamate receptor ionotropic, NMDA 1	Homo sapiens (human)
synapse	Glutamate receptor ionotropic, NMDA 1	Homo sapiens (human)
plasma membrane	Glutamate receptor ionotropic, NMDA 1	Homo sapiens (human)
neuron projection	Glutamate receptor ionotropic, NMDA 1	Homo sapiens (human)
endoplasmic reticulum membrane	Glutamate receptor ionotropic, NMDA 2A	Homo sapiens (human)
plasma membrane	Glutamate receptor ionotropic, NMDA 2A	Homo sapiens (human)
synaptic vesicle	Glutamate receptor ionotropic, NMDA 2A	Homo sapiens (human)
cell surface	Glutamate receptor ionotropic, NMDA 2A	Homo sapiens (human)
postsynaptic density	Glutamate receptor ionotropic, NMDA 2A	Homo sapiens (human)
NMDA selective glutamate receptor complex	Glutamate receptor ionotropic, NMDA 2A	Homo sapiens (human)
cytoplasmic vesicle membrane	Glutamate receptor ionotropic, NMDA 2A	Homo sapiens (human)
presynaptic membrane	Glutamate receptor ionotropic, NMDA 2A	Homo sapiens (human)
dendritic spine	Glutamate receptor ionotropic, NMDA 2A	Homo sapiens (human)
postsynaptic membrane	Glutamate receptor ionotropic, NMDA 2A	Homo sapiens (human)
synaptic membrane	Glutamate receptor ionotropic, NMDA 2A	Homo sapiens (human)
glutamatergic synapse	Glutamate receptor ionotropic, NMDA 2A	Homo sapiens (human)
plasma membrane	Glutamate receptor ionotropic, NMDA 2A	Homo sapiens (human)
postsynaptic density membrane	Glutamate receptor ionotropic, NMDA 2A	Homo sapiens (human)
plasma membrane	Glutamate receptor ionotropic, kainate 2	Homo sapiens (human)
dendrite cytoplasm	Glutamate receptor ionotropic, kainate 2	Homo sapiens (human)
terminal bouton	Glutamate receptor ionotropic, kainate 2	Homo sapiens (human)
perikaryon	Glutamate receptor ionotropic, kainate 2	Homo sapiens (human)
mossy fiber rosette	Glutamate receptor ionotropic, kainate 2	Homo sapiens (human)
hippocampal mossy fiber to CA3 synapse	Glutamate receptor ionotropic, kainate 2	Homo sapiens (human)
glutamatergic synapse	Glutamate receptor ionotropic, kainate 2	Homo sapiens (human)
plasma membrane	Glutamate receptor ionotropic, kainate 2	Homo sapiens (human)
postsynaptic density membrane	Glutamate receptor ionotropic, kainate 2	Homo sapiens (human)
kainate selective glutamate receptor complex	Glutamate receptor ionotropic, kainate 2	Homo sapiens (human)
presynaptic membrane	Glutamate receptor ionotropic, kainate 2	Homo sapiens (human)
plasma membrane	Glutamate receptor ionotropic, kainate 3	Homo sapiens (human)
axon	Glutamate receptor ionotropic, kainate 3	Homo sapiens (human)
dendrite	Glutamate receptor ionotropic, kainate 3	Homo sapiens (human)
dendrite cytoplasm	Glutamate receptor ionotropic, kainate 3	Homo sapiens (human)
terminal bouton	Glutamate receptor ionotropic, kainate 3	Homo sapiens (human)
perikaryon	Glutamate receptor ionotropic, kainate 3	Homo sapiens (human)
glutamatergic synapse	Glutamate receptor ionotropic, kainate 3	Homo sapiens (human)
postsynaptic density membrane	Glutamate receptor ionotropic, kainate 3	Homo sapiens (human)
plasma membrane	Glutamate receptor ionotropic, kainate 3	Homo sapiens (human)
kainate selective glutamate receptor complex	Glutamate receptor ionotropic, kainate 3	Homo sapiens (human)
presynaptic membrane	Glutamate receptor ionotropic, kainate 3	Homo sapiens (human)
cytoplasm	Glutamate receptor ionotropic, NMDA 2B	Homo sapiens (human)
lysosome	Glutamate receptor ionotropic, NMDA 2B	Homo sapiens (human)
late endosome	Glutamate receptor ionotropic, NMDA 2B	Homo sapiens (human)
endoplasmic reticulum membrane	Glutamate receptor ionotropic, NMDA 2B	Homo sapiens (human)
cytoskeleton	Glutamate receptor ionotropic, NMDA 2B	Homo sapiens (human)
plasma membrane	Glutamate receptor ionotropic, NMDA 2B	Homo sapiens (human)
cell surface	Glutamate receptor ionotropic, NMDA 2B	Homo sapiens (human)
postsynaptic density	Glutamate receptor ionotropic, NMDA 2B	Homo sapiens (human)
NMDA selective glutamate receptor complex	Glutamate receptor ionotropic, NMDA 2B	Homo sapiens (human)
neuron projection	Glutamate receptor ionotropic, NMDA 2B	Homo sapiens (human)
postsynaptic membrane	Glutamate receptor ionotropic, NMDA 2B	Homo sapiens (human)
synaptic membrane	Glutamate receptor ionotropic, NMDA 2B	Homo sapiens (human)
plasma membrane	Glutamate receptor ionotropic, NMDA 2B	Homo sapiens (human)
postsynaptic density membrane	Glutamate receptor ionotropic, NMDA 2B	Homo sapiens (human)
nucleus	Metabotropic glutamate receptor 1	Homo sapiens (human)
plasma membrane	Metabotropic glutamate receptor 1	Homo sapiens (human)
dendrite	Metabotropic glutamate receptor 1	Homo sapiens (human)
Schaffer collateral - CA1 synapse	Metabotropic glutamate receptor 1	Homo sapiens (human)
glutamatergic synapse	Metabotropic glutamate receptor 1	Homo sapiens (human)
G protein-coupled receptor dimeric complex	Metabotropic glutamate receptor 1	Homo sapiens (human)
G protein-coupled receptor homodimeric complex	Metabotropic glutamate receptor 1	Homo sapiens (human)
postsynaptic density membrane	Metabotropic glutamate receptor 1	Homo sapiens (human)
plasma membrane	Metabotropic glutamate receptor 1	Homo sapiens (human)
plasma membrane	Metabotropic glutamate receptor 2	Homo sapiens (human)
axon	Metabotropic glutamate receptor 2	Homo sapiens (human)
dendrite	Metabotropic glutamate receptor 2	Homo sapiens (human)
presynaptic membrane	Metabotropic glutamate receptor 2	Homo sapiens (human)
astrocyte projection	Metabotropic glutamate receptor 2	Homo sapiens (human)
glutamatergic synapse	Metabotropic glutamate receptor 2	Homo sapiens (human)
plasma membrane	Metabotropic glutamate receptor 2	Homo sapiens (human)
plasma membrane	Metabotropic glutamate receptor 7	Homo sapiens (human)
cell cortex	Metabotropic glutamate receptor 7	Homo sapiens (human)
membrane	Metabotropic glutamate receptor 7	Homo sapiens (human)
axon	Metabotropic glutamate receptor 7	Homo sapiens (human)
dendrite	Metabotropic glutamate receptor 7	Homo sapiens (human)
asymmetric synapse	Metabotropic glutamate receptor 7	Homo sapiens (human)
dendritic shaft	Metabotropic glutamate receptor 7	Homo sapiens (human)
postsynaptic membrane	Metabotropic glutamate receptor 7	Homo sapiens (human)
presynaptic active zone	Metabotropic glutamate receptor 7	Homo sapiens (human)
receptor complex	Metabotropic glutamate receptor 7	Homo sapiens (human)
plasma membrane	Metabotropic glutamate receptor 7	Homo sapiens (human)
plasma membrane	Metabotropic glutamate receptor 3	Homo sapiens (human)
postsynaptic density	Metabotropic glutamate receptor 3	Homo sapiens (human)
axon	Metabotropic glutamate receptor 3	Homo sapiens (human)
presynaptic membrane	Metabotropic glutamate receptor 3	Homo sapiens (human)
dendritic spine	Metabotropic glutamate receptor 3	Homo sapiens (human)
postsynaptic membrane	Metabotropic glutamate receptor 3	Homo sapiens (human)
astrocyte projection	Metabotropic glutamate receptor 3	Homo sapiens (human)
glutamatergic synapse	Metabotropic glutamate receptor 3	Homo sapiens (human)
plasma membrane	Metabotropic glutamate receptor 3	Homo sapiens (human)
plasma membrane	Metabotropic glutamate receptor 4	Homo sapiens (human)
cytoplasmic vesicle	Metabotropic glutamate receptor 4	Homo sapiens (human)
presynapse	Metabotropic glutamate receptor 4	Homo sapiens (human)
plasma membrane	Metabotropic glutamate receptor 4	Homo sapiens (human)
endoplasmic reticulum membrane	Glutamate receptor ionotropic, NMDA 2C	Homo sapiens (human)
plasma membrane	Glutamate receptor ionotropic, NMDA 2C	Homo sapiens (human)
NMDA selective glutamate receptor complex	Glutamate receptor ionotropic, NMDA 2C	Homo sapiens (human)
postsynaptic membrane	Glutamate receptor ionotropic, NMDA 2C	Homo sapiens (human)
glutamatergic synapse	Glutamate receptor ionotropic, NMDA 2C	Homo sapiens (human)
postsynaptic density membrane	Glutamate receptor ionotropic, NMDA 2C	Homo sapiens (human)
plasma membrane	Glutamate receptor ionotropic, NMDA 2C	Homo sapiens (human)
plasma membrane	Glutamate receptor ionotropic, kainate 5	Homo sapiens (human)
nucleoplasm	Glutamate receptor ionotropic, kainate 5	Homo sapiens (human)
endoplasmic reticulum	Glutamate receptor ionotropic, kainate 5	Homo sapiens (human)
plasma membrane	Glutamate receptor ionotropic, kainate 5	Homo sapiens (human)
hippocampal mossy fiber to CA3 synapse	Glutamate receptor ionotropic, kainate 5	Homo sapiens (human)
postsynaptic density membrane	Glutamate receptor ionotropic, kainate 5	Homo sapiens (human)
presynaptic membrane	Glutamate receptor ionotropic, kainate 5	Homo sapiens (human)
plasma membrane	Glutamate receptor ionotropic, kainate 5	Homo sapiens (human)
kainate selective glutamate receptor complex	Glutamate receptor ionotropic, kainate 5	Homo sapiens (human)
endoplasmic reticulum membrane	Glutamate receptor ionotropic, NMDA 2D	Rattus norvegicus (Norway rat)
plasma membrane	Glutamate receptor ionotropic, NMDA 2D	Rattus norvegicus (Norway rat)
endoplasmic reticulum membrane	Glutamate receptor ionotropic, NMDA 3A	Homo sapiens (human)
membrane	Glutamate receptor ionotropic, NMDA 3A	Homo sapiens (human)
neuron projection	Glutamate receptor ionotropic, NMDA 3A	Homo sapiens (human)
neuronal cell body	Glutamate receptor ionotropic, NMDA 3A	Homo sapiens (human)
synapse	Glutamate receptor ionotropic, NMDA 3A	Homo sapiens (human)
presynapse	Glutamate receptor ionotropic, NMDA 3A	Homo sapiens (human)
glutamatergic synapse	Glutamate receptor ionotropic, NMDA 3A	Homo sapiens (human)
NMDA selective glutamate receptor complex	Glutamate receptor ionotropic, NMDA 3A	Homo sapiens (human)
plasma membrane	Glutamate receptor ionotropic, NMDA 3A	Homo sapiens (human)
postsynaptic density membrane	Glutamate receptor ionotropic, NMDA 3A	Homo sapiens (human)
endoplasmic reticulum membrane	Glutamate receptor ionotropic, NMDA 3B	Rattus norvegicus (Norway rat)
plasma membrane	Glutamate receptor ionotropic, NMDA 3B	Rattus norvegicus (Norway rat)
nucleus	Alpha-ketoglutarate-dependent dioxygenase FTO	Homo sapiens (human)
nucleoplasm	Alpha-ketoglutarate-dependent dioxygenase FTO	Homo sapiens (human)
cytoplasm	Alpha-ketoglutarate-dependent dioxygenase FTO	Homo sapiens (human)
cytosol	Alpha-ketoglutarate-dependent dioxygenase FTO	Homo sapiens (human)
plasma membrane	Alpha-ketoglutarate-dependent dioxygenase FTO	Homo sapiens (human)
nuclear speck	Alpha-ketoglutarate-dependent dioxygenase FTO	Homo sapiens (human)
intracellular membrane-bounded organelle	Alpha-ketoglutarate-dependent dioxygenase FTO	Homo sapiens (human)
endoplasmic reticulum membrane	Glutamate receptor ionotropic, NMDA 3A	Rattus norvegicus (Norway rat)
plasma membrane	Glutamate receptor ionotropic, NMDA 3A	Rattus norvegicus (Norway rat)
[Information is prepared from geneontology information from the June-17-2024 release]

Assay ID	Title	Year	Journal	Article
AID1508630	Primary qHTS for small molecule stabilizers of the endoplasmic reticulum resident proteome: Secreted ER Calcium Modulated Protein (SERCaMP) assay	2021	Cell reports, 04-27, Volume: 35, Issue:4	A target-agnostic screen identifies approved drugs to stabilize the endoplasmic reticulum-resident proteome.
AID1296008	Cytotoxic Profiling of Annotated Libraries Using Quantitative High-Throughput Screening	2020	SLAS discovery : advancing life sciences R & D, 01, Volume: 25, Issue:1	Cytotoxic Profiling of Annotated and Diverse Chemical Libraries Using Quantitative High-Throughput Screening.
AID1347154	Primary screen GU AMC qHTS for Zika virus inhibitors	2020	Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, 12-08, Volume: 117, Issue:49	Therapeutic candidates for the Zika virus identified by a high-throughput screen for Zika protease inhibitors.
AID1346986	P-glycoprotein substrates identified in KB-3-1 adenocarcinoma cell line, qHTS therapeutic library screen	2019	Molecular pharmacology, 11, Volume: 96, Issue:5	A High-Throughput Screen of a Library of Therapeutics Identifies Cytotoxic Substrates of P-glycoprotein.
AID651635	Viability Counterscreen for Primary qHTS for Inhibitors of ATXN expression
AID1346987	P-glycoprotein substrates identified in KB-8-5-11 adenocarcinoma cell line, qHTS therapeutic library screen	2019	Molecular pharmacology, 11, Volume: 96, Issue:5	A High-Throughput Screen of a Library of Therapeutics Identifies Cytotoxic Substrates of P-glycoprotein.
AID291424	Inhibition of human recombinant glutamate carboxypeptidase 2 by radioenzymatic assay	2007	Journal of medicinal chemistry, Jul-12, Volume: 50, Issue:14	Structural insight into the pharmacophore pocket of human glutamate carboxypeptidase II.
AID297347	Agonist activity at GluR2Q expressed in HEK293 cells by Fluo-4/Ca2+ assay	2007	Journal of medicinal chemistry, Aug-23, Volume: 50, Issue:17	Functional characterization of Tet-AMPA [tetrazolyl-2-amino-3-(3-hydroxy-5-methyl- 4-isoxazolyl)propionic acid] analogues at ionotropic glutamate receptors GluR1-GluR4. The molecular basis for the functional selectivity profile of 2-Bn-Tet-AMPA.
AID109493	Concentration for half maximal activation of metabotropic glutamate mGluR5a in human	1995	Journal of medicinal chemistry, Apr-28, Volume: 38, Issue:9	Metabotropic glutamate receptors: novel targets for drug development.
AID74816	Compound was tested for agonistic activity at Glutamate receptor 5 using HEK293 cells	2000	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters, Aug-21, Volume: 10, Issue:16	4-Alkylidenyl glutamic acids, potent and selective GluR5 agonists.
AID93265	Binding affinity of compound was determined against Ionotropic glutamate receptor ionotropic kainate 2 using cell membranes prepared from HEK293 cells	2000	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters, Aug-21, Volume: 10, Issue:16	4-Alkylidenyl glutamic acids, potent and selective GluR5 agonists.
AID187287	GDEE-sensitive neuronal excitant (Relative potency) was evaluated;	1985	Journal of medicinal chemistry, May, Volume: 28, Issue:5	Ibotenic acid analogues. Synthesis, molecular flexibility, and in vitro activity of agonists and antagonists at central glutamic acid receptors.
AID108499	Concentration for half maximal activation of metabotropic glutamate mGluR1b in rat	1995	Journal of medicinal chemistry, Apr-28, Volume: 38, Issue:9	Metabotropic glutamate receptors: novel targets for drug development.
AID1356072	Inhibition of rat EAAT4 expressed in tsA201 cells assessed as reduction in [3H]-D-Asp uptake incubated for 4 mins by scintillation counting method	2018	Journal of medicinal chemistry, 09-13, Volume: 61, Issue:17	Chemoenzymatic Synthesis and Pharmacological Characterization of Functionalized Aspartate Analogues As Novel Excitatory Amino Acid Transporter Inhibitors.
AID297357	Agonist activity at GluR1 M686V mutant expressed in HEK293 cells by Fluo-4/Ca2+ assay	2007	Journal of medicinal chemistry, Aug-23, Volume: 50, Issue:17	Functional characterization of Tet-AMPA [tetrazolyl-2-amino-3-(3-hydroxy-5-methyl- 4-isoxazolyl)propionic acid] analogues at ionotropic glutamate receptors GluR1-GluR4. The molecular basis for the functional selectivity profile of 2-Bn-Tet-AMPA.
AID297368	Agonist activity at GluR1 D399S/E683A/M686V/I687A mutant expressed in HEK293 cells by Fluo-4/Ca2+ assay	2007	Journal of medicinal chemistry, Aug-23, Volume: 50, Issue:17	Functional characterization of Tet-AMPA [tetrazolyl-2-amino-3-(3-hydroxy-5-methyl- 4-isoxazolyl)propionic acid] analogues at ionotropic glutamate receptors GluR1-GluR4. The molecular basis for the functional selectivity profile of 2-Bn-Tet-AMPA.
AID108677	Concentration for half maximal activation of metabotropic glutamate mGluR2 in human	1995	Journal of medicinal chemistry, Apr-28, Volume: 38, Issue:9	Metabotropic glutamate receptors: novel targets for drug development.
AID26365	pKa value by 1H NMR titration experiments; pK1	1996	Journal of medicinal chemistry, Jan-19, Volume: 39, Issue:2	Syntheses and conformational analyses of glutamate analogs: 2-(2-carboxy-3-substituted-cyclopropyl)glycines as useful probes for excitatory amino acid receptors.
AID339908	Inhibition of [3H]D-Asp uptake at human EAAT2 in HEK293 cells	2008	Journal of medicinal chemistry, Jul-24, Volume: 51, Issue:14	Chemo-enzymatic synthesis of (2S,4R)-2-amino-4-(3-(2,2-diphenylethylamino)-3-oxopropyl)pentanedioic acid: a novel selective inhibitor of human excitatory amino acid transporter subtype 2.
AID298023	Displacement of [3H]LY341495 from mGluR2 receptor expressed in BHK cells	2007	Journal of medicinal chemistry, Sep-20, Volume: 50, Issue:19	Synthesis, molecular modeling studies, and preliminary pharmacological characterization of all possible 2-(2'-sulfonocyclopropyl)glycine stereoisomers as conformationally constrained L-homocysteic acid analogs.
AID1290116	Agonist activity at recombinant rat GluA4 receptor flip isoform expressed in Xenopus laevis oocytes by two-electrode voltage clamp assay	2016	Journal of medicinal chemistry, Mar-10, Volume: 59, Issue:5	Tweaking Subtype Selectivity and Agonist Efficacy at (S)-2-Amino-3-(3-hydroxy-5-methyl-isoxazol-4-yl)propionic acid (AMPA) Receptors in a Small Series of BnTetAMPA Analogues.
AID108498	Concentration for half maximal activation of metabotropic glutamate mGluR1a in rat	1995	Journal of medicinal chemistry, Apr-28, Volume: 38, Issue:9	Metabotropic glutamate receptors: novel targets for drug development.
AID327312	Activity of Enterococcus faecalis MurI	2007	Nature, Jun-14, Volume: 447, Issue:7146	Exploitation of structural and regulatory diversity in glutamate racemases.
AID39376	In vitro binding affinity against synaptic membrane from rat brain using [3H](R)-Asp as the radioligand	1989	Journal of medicinal chemistry, Oct, Volume: 32, Issue:10	Excitatory amino acid agonists. Enzymic resolution, X-ray structure, and enantioselective activities of (R)- and (S)-bromohomoibotenic acid.
AID1725866	Inhibition of human EAAT2 transfected in HEK293 cells assessed as inhibition of [3H]-D-aspartate uptake incubated for 4 mins by TopCount scintillation counting analysis	2020	ACS medicinal chemistry letters, Nov-12, Volume: 11, Issue:11	β-Indolyloxy Functionalized Aspartate Analogs as Inhibitors of the Excitatory Amino Acid Transporters (EAATs).
AID109463	Binding affinity at Metabotropic glutamate receptor 4	2002	Journal of medicinal chemistry, Jul-18, Volume: 45, Issue:15	Common and selective molecular determinants involved in metabotopic glutamate receptor agonist activity.
AID319183	Activity at rat cloned iGluR5 expressed in human HEK293 cells by calcium imaging assay	2008	Journal of medicinal chemistry, Apr-10, Volume: 51, Issue:7	Synthesis and pharmacological characterization at glutamate receptors of the four enantiopure isomers of tricholomic acid.
AID327313	Activity of Enterococcus faecium MurI	2007	Nature, Jun-14, Volume: 447, Issue:7146	Exploitation of structural and regulatory diversity in glutamate racemases.
AID478462	Displacement of [3H]AMPA from AMPA receptor in Sprague-Dawley rat brain membranes	2010	Journal of medicinal chemistry, May-27, Volume: 53, Issue:10	4-hydroxy-1,2,5-oxadiazol-3-yl moiety as bioisoster of the carboxy function. Synthesis, ionization constants, and molecular pharmacological characterization at ionotropic glutamate receptors of compounds related to glutamate and its homologues.
AID411487	Displacement of [3H]AMPA from AMPA receptor in rat brain membranes	2009	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry, Jan-01, Volume: 17, Issue:1	Design, synthesis and biological evaluation of novel bicyclo[1.1.1]pentane-based omega-acidic amino acids as glutamate receptors ligands.
AID109004	Compound was tested for the inhibition of metabotropic glutamate receptor 2 (mGluR2).	1998	Journal of medicinal chemistry, May-07, Volume: 41, Issue:10	Synthesis and biology of the conformationally restricted ACPD analogue, 2-aminobicyclo[2.1.1]hexane-2,5-dicarboxylic acid-I, a potent mGluR agonist.
AID1362500	Agonist activity at Gi-coupled mGluR4 (unknown origin) expressed in CHO cells assessed as increase in cAMP accumulation after 1 hr by glosensor based luciferase reporter gene assay relative to control	2018	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry, 09-15, Volume: 26, Issue:17	Isoxazolo[3,4-d]pyridazinones positively modulate the metabotropic glutamate subtypes 2 and 4.
AID75015	The effective concentration for 50% glutamate response was measured on Group I Metabotropic glutamate receptor	1999	Journal of medicinal chemistry, Jul-29, Volume: 42, Issue:15	Pharmacophore models of group I and group II metabotropic glutamate receptor agonists. Analysis of conformational, steric, and topological parameters affecting potency and selectivity.
AID262628	Induction of calcium influx in HEK293 cells expressing human GLUK5 by FLIPR assay	2006	Journal of medicinal chemistry, Apr-20, Volume: 49, Issue:8	Structure-activity relationship studies on N3-substituted willardiine derivatives acting as AMPA or kainate receptor antagonists.
AID422610	Agonist activity at rat recombinant GluR3 flip isomer expressed in HEK293 cells assessed as increase in intracellular calcium level by Fluo-4/AM assay	2009	Journal of medicinal chemistry, Aug-13, Volume: 52, Issue:15	The glutamate receptor GluR5 agonist (S)-2-amino-3-(3-hydroxy-7,8-dihydro-6H-cyclohepta[d]isoxazol-4-yl)propionic acid and the 8-methyl analogue: synthesis, molecular pharmacology, and biostructural characterization.
AID478468	Displacement of [3H]SYM2081 from rat iGluR6 receptor expressed in Sf9 cells baculovirus system after 1 to 2 hrs by liquid scintillation counting	2010	Journal of medicinal chemistry, May-27, Volume: 53, Issue:10	4-hydroxy-1,2,5-oxadiazol-3-yl moiety as bioisoster of the carboxy function. Synthesis, ionization constants, and molecular pharmacological characterization at ionotropic glutamate receptors of compounds related to glutamate and its homologues.
AID297349	Agonist activity at GluR3 expressed in HEK293 cells by Fluo-4/Ca2+ assay	2007	Journal of medicinal chemistry, Aug-23, Volume: 50, Issue:17	Functional characterization of Tet-AMPA [tetrazolyl-2-amino-3-(3-hydroxy-5-methyl- 4-isoxazolyl)propionic acid] analogues at ionotropic glutamate receptors GluR1-GluR4. The molecular basis for the functional selectivity profile of 2-Bn-Tet-AMPA.
AID262621	Antagonist activity against AMPA receptor expressed in motoneurones by inhibition of fDR-VRP in the neonatal rat spinal cord	2006	Journal of medicinal chemistry, Apr-20, Volume: 49, Issue:8	Structure-activity relationship studies on N3-substituted willardiine derivatives acting as AMPA or kainate receptor antagonists.
AID92350	Binding affinity was measured by [3H]- Ionotropic glutamate receptor AMPA binding assay.	1992	Journal of medicinal chemistry, Jan, Volume: 35, Issue:1	Heterocyclic excitatory amino acids. Synthesis and biological activity of novel analogues of AMPA.
AID109484	Agonistic activity at mGlu4a receptor expressed in CHO cells	1996	Journal of medicinal chemistry, Aug-02, Volume: 39, Issue:16	A new highly selective metabotropic excitatory amino acid agonist: 2-amino-4-(3-hydroxy-5-methylisoxazol-4-yl)butyric acid.
AID108845	Concentration for half maximal activation of metabotropic glutamate mGluR2 in rat	1995	Journal of medicinal chemistry, Apr-28, Volume: 38, Issue:9	Metabotropic glutamate receptors: novel targets for drug development.
AID297351	Agonist activity at GluR4 expressed in HEK293 cells by Fluo-4/Ca2+ assay	2007	Journal of medicinal chemistry, Aug-23, Volume: 50, Issue:17	Functional characterization of Tet-AMPA [tetrazolyl-2-amino-3-(3-hydroxy-5-methyl- 4-isoxazolyl)propionic acid] analogues at ionotropic glutamate receptors GluR1-GluR4. The molecular basis for the functional selectivity profile of 2-Bn-Tet-AMPA.
AID271629	Substrate activity at human EAAT2 expressed in HEK293 cells by FLIPR membrane potential assay	2006	Journal of medicinal chemistry, Nov-02, Volume: 49, Issue:22	Stereoselective chemoenzymatic synthesis of the four stereoisomers of l-2-(2-carboxycyclobutyl)glycine and pharmacological characterization at human excitatory amino acid transporter subtypes 1, 2, and 3.
AID391446	Displacement of [3H]SYM2081 from rat recombinant iGluR5(Q)1b expressed in Sf9 cells	2008	Journal of medicinal chemistry, Oct-23, Volume: 51, Issue:20	1H-cyclopentapyrimidine-2,4(1H,3H)-dione-related ionotropic glutamate receptors ligands. structure-activity relationships and identification of potent and Selective iGluR5 modulators.
AID108836	Potency against cloned Metabotropic glutamate receptor 2 agonist	2000	Journal of medicinal chemistry, Jul-13, Volume: 43, Issue:14	Ligands for glutamate receptors: design and therapeutic prospects.
AID1289817	Agonist activity at human mGlu7 receptor expressed in HEK293 assessed as inhibition of forskolin stimulated cAMP production	2016	Journal of medicinal chemistry, Feb-11, Volume: 59, Issue:3	New 4-Functionalized Glutamate Analogues Are Selective Agonists at Metabotropic Glutamate Receptor Subtype 2 or Selective Agonists at Metabotropic Glutamate Receptor Group III.
AID711557	Antagonist activity at NMDA receptor (unknwon origin)	2011	Journal of medicinal chemistry, Apr-28, Volume: 54, Issue:8	Synopsis of some recent tactical application of bioisosteres in drug design.
AID109323	Inhibition of c-AMP by human Metabotropic glutamate receptor 4 (mGluR4) expressed in non-neuronal cells	2002	Journal of medicinal chemistry, Aug-15, Volume: 45, Issue:17	(2S,1'S,2'S,3'R)-2-(2'-carboxy-3'-methylcyclopropyl) glycine is a potent and selective metabotropic group 2 receptor agonist with anxiolytic properties.
AID74818	Compound was tested for agonistic activity at Glutamate receptor 6 using HEK293 cells	2000	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters, Aug-21, Volume: 10, Issue:16	4-Alkylidenyl glutamic acids, potent and selective GluR5 agonists.
AID257133	Binding affinity to human EAAT3 expressed in HEK293 cells in FMP (FLPR) assay	2005	Journal of medicinal chemistry, Dec-15, Volume: 48, Issue:25	Chemoenzymatic synthesis of a series of 4-substituted glutamate analogues and pharmacological characterization at human glutamate transporters subtypes 1-3.
AID319175	Activity at rat cloned iGluR1 expressed in human HEK293 cells by calcium imaging assay	2008	Journal of medicinal chemistry, Apr-10, Volume: 51, Issue:7	Synthesis and pharmacological characterization at glutamate receptors of the four enantiopure isomers of tricholomic acid.
AID1725862	Inhibition of rat EAAT4 transfected in human tsA201 cells assessed as inhibition of [3H]-D-aspartate uptake incubated for 4 mins by TopCount scintillation counting analysis	2020	ACS medicinal chemistry letters, Nov-12, Volume: 11, Issue:11	β-Indolyloxy Functionalized Aspartate Analogs as Inhibitors of the Excitatory Amino Acid Transporters (EAATs).
AID1289813	Agonist activity at rat mGlu5 receptor expressed in HEK293 cells by intracellular Ca2+ mobilization assay	2016	Journal of medicinal chemistry, Feb-11, Volume: 59, Issue:3	New 4-Functionalized Glutamate Analogues Are Selective Agonists at Metabotropic Glutamate Receptor Subtype 2 or Selective Agonists at Metabotropic Glutamate Receptor Group III.
AID144456	Displacement of [3H]CPP from N-methyl-D-aspartate glutamate receptor in rat brain membrane	1992	Journal of medicinal chemistry, Apr-17, Volume: 35, Issue:8	Generation of N-methyl-D-aspartate agonist and competitive antagonist pharmacophore models. Design and synthesis of phosphonoalkyl-substituted tetrahydroisoquinolines as novel antagonists.
AID295061	Activity at human recombinant mGluR2 expressed in BHK cells assessed as stimulation of [35S]GTP-gamma-S binding	2007	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry, May-01, Volume: 15, Issue:9	Synthesis and preliminary pharmacological evaluation of the four stereoisomers of (2S)-2-(2'-phosphono-3'-phenylcyclopropyl)glycine, the first class of 3'-substituted trans C1'-2'-2-(2'-phosphonocyclopropyl)glycines.
AID297364	Agonist activity at GluR1 D399S/M686V/I687A mutant expressed in HEK293 cells by Fluo-4/Ca2+ assay	2007	Journal of medicinal chemistry, Aug-23, Volume: 50, Issue:17	Functional characterization of Tet-AMPA [tetrazolyl-2-amino-3-(3-hydroxy-5-methyl- 4-isoxazolyl)propionic acid] analogues at ionotropic glutamate receptors GluR1-GluR4. The molecular basis for the functional selectivity profile of 2-Bn-Tet-AMPA.
AID327314	Activity of Staphylococcus aureus MurI	2007	Nature, Jun-14, Volume: 447, Issue:7146	Exploitation of structural and regulatory diversity in glutamate racemases.
AID271628	Substrate activity at human EAAT1 expressed in HEK293 cells by FLIPR membrane potential assay	2006	Journal of medicinal chemistry, Nov-02, Volume: 49, Issue:22	Stereoselective chemoenzymatic synthesis of the four stereoisomers of l-2-(2-carboxycyclobutyl)glycine and pharmacological characterization at human excitatory amino acid transporter subtypes 1, 2, and 3.
AID319185	Activity at rat cloned iGluR6 expressed in human HEK293 cells by calcium imaging assay	2008	Journal of medicinal chemistry, Apr-10, Volume: 51, Issue:7	Synthesis and pharmacological characterization at glutamate receptors of the four enantiopure isomers of tricholomic acid.
AID93113	Compound was tested for binding affinity against human Ionotropic glutamate receptor AMPA 4 in HEK293 cells using [3H]AMPA as radioligand	2000	Journal of medicinal chemistry, May-18, Volume: 43, Issue:10	4-Alkyl- and 4-cinnamylglutamic acid analogues are potent GluR5 kainate receptor agonists.
AID1397319	Activation of human CA1 by stopped-flow CO2 hydration assay
AID109491	Phosphoinositide hydrolysis by human Metabotropic glutamate receptor 5 (mGluR5) expressed in non neuronal cells	2002	Journal of medicinal chemistry, Aug-15, Volume: 45, Issue:17	(2S,1'S,2'S,3'R)-2-(2'-carboxy-3'-methylcyclopropyl) glycine is a potent and selective metabotropic group 2 receptor agonist with anxiolytic properties.
AID327308	Activity of Helicobacter pylori MurI	2007	Nature, Jun-14, Volume: 447, Issue:7146	Exploitation of structural and regulatory diversity in glutamate racemases.
AID477141	Agonist activity at rat recombinant GluA4 receptor flip isoform expressed in HEK293 cells assessed as effect on cyclothiazide-induced calcium flux by Fluo-4/AM staining-based fluorescence assay	2010	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry, Feb-15, Volume: 18, Issue:4	Developing a complete pharmacology for AMPA receptors: a perspective on subtype-selective ligands.
AID751675	Displacement of [3H]Kainic acid from kainate receptor in Wistar rat brain after 60 mins	2013	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters, Mar-15, Volume: 23, Issue:6	Cinnamides as selective small-molecule inhibitors of a cellular model of breast cancer stem cells.
AID1725867	Inhibition of human EAAT3 transfected in HEK293 cells assessed as inhibition of [3H]-D-aspartate uptake incubated for 4 mins by TopCount scintillation counting analysis	2020	ACS medicinal chemistry letters, Nov-12, Volume: 11, Issue:11	β-Indolyloxy Functionalized Aspartate Analogs as Inhibitors of the Excitatory Amino Acid Transporters (EAATs).
AID723878	Displacement of [3H]AMPA from AMPA receptor in rat brain cortex after 30 mins by Packard TopCount microplate scintillator counting	2013	Journal of medicinal chemistry, Feb-28, Volume: 56, Issue:4	Chemoenzymatic synthesis of new 2,4-syn-functionalized (S)-glutamate analogues and structure-activity relationship studies at ionotropic glutamate receptors and excitatory amino acid transporters.
AID1289826	Agonist activity at rat mGlu8 receptor expressed in HEK293 cells assessed as IP1 accumulation by IP-One functional assay	2016	Journal of medicinal chemistry, Feb-11, Volume: 59, Issue:3	New 4-Functionalized Glutamate Analogues Are Selective Agonists at Metabotropic Glutamate Receptor Subtype 2 or Selective Agonists at Metabotropic Glutamate Receptor Group III.
AID611784	Agonist activity at rat GluK2 mutant expressed in Xenopus oocytes at 1 mM by two-electrode voltage-clamp electrophysiology	2011	Journal of medicinal chemistry, Jul-14, Volume: 54, Issue:13	Selective kainate receptor (GluK1) ligands structurally based upon 1H-cyclopentapyrimidin-2,4(1H,3H)-dione: synthesis, molecular modeling, and pharmacological and biostructural characterization.
AID297359	Agonist activity at GluR1 I687A mutant expressed in HEK293 cells by Fluo-4/Ca2+ assay	2007	Journal of medicinal chemistry, Aug-23, Volume: 50, Issue:17	Functional characterization of Tet-AMPA [tetrazolyl-2-amino-3-(3-hydroxy-5-methyl- 4-isoxazolyl)propionic acid] analogues at ionotropic glutamate receptors GluR1-GluR4. The molecular basis for the functional selectivity profile of 2-Bn-Tet-AMPA.
AID295066	Displacement of [3H]LY341495 from rat recombinant mGluR8 expressed in BHK cells by SPA assay	2007	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry, May-01, Volume: 15, Issue:9	Synthesis and preliminary pharmacological evaluation of the four stereoisomers of (2S)-2-(2'-phosphono-3'-phenylcyclopropyl)glycine, the first class of 3'-substituted trans C1'-2'-2-(2'-phosphonocyclopropyl)glycines.
AID1247435	Agonist activity at human recombinant mGlu2 receptor E273D and L300Q mutant expressed in AV12 cells assessed as stimulation of Ca2+ mobilization after 1 hr by FLIPR assay	2015	Journal of medicinal chemistry, Sep-24, Volume: 58, Issue:18	Synthesis and Pharmacological Characterization of C4-(Thiotriazolyl)-substituted-2-aminobicyclo[3.1.0]hexane-2,6-dicarboxylates. Identification of (1R,2S,4R,5R,6R)-2-Amino-4-(1H-1,2,4-triazol-3-ylsulfanyl)bicyclo[3.1.0]hexane-2,6-dicarboxylic Acid (LY2812
AID1553721	Displacement of [3H]AMPA from AMPA receptor in rat brain synaptic cortical membranes after 30 mins by scintillation counting method	2019	Journal of medicinal chemistry, 05-09, Volume: 62, Issue:9	Use of the 4-Hydroxytriazole Moiety as a Bioisosteric Tool in the Development of Ionotropic Glutamate Receptor Ligands.
AID422616	Agonist activity at rat recombinant GluR6(Q) RNA-edited isoform expressed in HEK293 cells assessed as increase in intracellular calcium level by Fluo-4/AM assay	2009	Journal of medicinal chemistry, Aug-13, Volume: 52, Issue:15	The glutamate receptor GluR5 agonist (S)-2-amino-3-(3-hydroxy-7,8-dihydro-6H-cyclohepta[d]isoxazol-4-yl)propionic acid and the 8-methyl analogue: synthesis, molecular pharmacology, and biostructural characterization.
AID107063	Concentration for half maximal activation of metabotropic glutamate mGluR5a in rat	1995	Journal of medicinal chemistry, Apr-28, Volume: 38, Issue:9	Metabotropic glutamate receptors: novel targets for drug development.
AID108493	Inhibition of binding to rat mGluR1a (metabotropic glutamate receptor) expressed in HEK-293 cells	2002	Journal of medicinal chemistry, Jul-18, Volume: 45, Issue:15	Common and selective molecular determinants involved in metabotopic glutamate receptor agonist activity.
AID92953	Compound was tested for binding affinity against human Ionotropic glutamate receptor AMPA 1 in HEK293 cells using [3H]-AMPA as radioligand	2000	Journal of medicinal chemistry, May-18, Volume: 43, Issue:10	4-Alkyl- and 4-cinnamylglutamic acid analogues are potent GluR5 kainate receptor agonists.
AID91444	Depolarizing potency in Ionotropic glutamate receptor kainate sensitive neurons in the immature rat dorsal roots	1996	Journal of medicinal chemistry, Jan-19, Volume: 39, Issue:2	Syntheses and conformational analyses of glutamate analogs: 2-(2-carboxy-3-substituted-cyclopropyl)glycines as useful probes for excitatory amino acid receptors.
AID1247436	Agonist activity at human recombinant mGlu2 receptor E273D and L300Q mutant expressed in AV12 cells assessed as stimulation of Ca2+ mobilization after 1 hr by FLIPR assay relative to glutamate	2015	Journal of medicinal chemistry, Sep-24, Volume: 58, Issue:18	Synthesis and Pharmacological Characterization of C4-(Thiotriazolyl)-substituted-2-aminobicyclo[3.1.0]hexane-2,6-dicarboxylates. Identification of (1R,2S,4R,5R,6R)-2-Amino-4-(1H-1,2,4-triazol-3-ylsulfanyl)bicyclo[3.1.0]hexane-2,6-dicarboxylic Acid (LY2812
AID478466	Displacement of [3H]AMPA from rat iGluR2 receptor expressed in Sf9 cells baculovirus system after 1 to 2 hrs by liquid scintillation counting	2010	Journal of medicinal chemistry, May-27, Volume: 53, Issue:10	4-hydroxy-1,2,5-oxadiazol-3-yl moiety as bioisoster of the carboxy function. Synthesis, ionization constants, and molecular pharmacological characterization at ionotropic glutamate receptors of compounds related to glutamate and its homologues.
AID242207	Inhibitory concentration against [3H]1 binding to recombinant human Metabotropic glutamate receptor 8	2005	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters, Jan-17, Volume: 15, Issue:2	(2S,1'S,2'R,3'R)-2(2'-Carboxy-3'-hydroxymethylcyclopropyl)glycine-[3H], a potent and selective radioligand for labeling group 2 and 3 metabotropic glutamate receptors.
AID109149	Inhibition of c-AMP by human Metabotropic glutamate receptor 3 (mGluR3) expressed in non-neuronal cells	2002	Journal of medicinal chemistry, Aug-15, Volume: 45, Issue:17	(2S,1'S,2'S,3'R)-2-(2'-carboxy-3'-methylcyclopropyl) glycine is a potent and selective metabotropic group 2 receptor agonist with anxiolytic properties.
AID1290113	Agonist activity at recombinant rat GluA1 receptor flop isoform expressed in Xenopus laevis oocytes by two-electrode voltage clamp assay	2016	Journal of medicinal chemistry, Mar-10, Volume: 59, Issue:5	Tweaking Subtype Selectivity and Agonist Efficacy at (S)-2-Amino-3-(3-hydroxy-5-methyl-isoxazol-4-yl)propionic acid (AMPA) Receptors in a Small Series of BnTetAMPA Analogues.
AID1356069	Inhibition of human EAAT1 expressed in HEK293 cells assessed as reduction in [3H]-D-Asp uptake incubated for 4 mins by scintillation counting method	2018	Journal of medicinal chemistry, 09-13, Volume: 61, Issue:17	Chemoenzymatic Synthesis and Pharmacological Characterization of Functionalized Aspartate Analogues As Novel Excitatory Amino Acid Transporter Inhibitors.
AID1289824	Agonist activity at rat mGlu6 receptor expressed in HEK293 cells assessed as IP1 accumulation by IP-One functional assay	2016	Journal of medicinal chemistry, Feb-11, Volume: 59, Issue:3	New 4-Functionalized Glutamate Analogues Are Selective Agonists at Metabotropic Glutamate Receptor Subtype 2 or Selective Agonists at Metabotropic Glutamate Receptor Group III.
AID422612	Agonist activity at rat recombinant GluR4 flip isomer expressed in HEK293 cells assessed as increase in intracellular calcium level by Fluo-4/AM assay	2009	Journal of medicinal chemistry, Aug-13, Volume: 52, Issue:15	The glutamate receptor GluR5 agonist (S)-2-amino-3-(3-hydroxy-7,8-dihydro-6H-cyclohepta[d]isoxazol-4-yl)propionic acid and the 8-methyl analogue: synthesis, molecular pharmacology, and biostructural characterization.
AID196268	Depolarizing potency in new born rat spinal cord	1996	Journal of medicinal chemistry, Jan-19, Volume: 39, Issue:2	Syntheses and conformational analyses of glutamate analogs: 2-(2-carboxy-3-substituted-cyclopropyl)glycines as useful probes for excitatory amino acid receptors.
AID477125	Agonist activity at recombinant GluA2A4 receptor flop isoform expressed in Xenopus oocytes	2010	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry, Feb-15, Volume: 18, Issue:4	Developing a complete pharmacology for AMPA receptors: a perspective on subtype-selective ligands.
AID1247430	Agonist activity at wild type human recombinant mGlu2 receptor expressed in AV12 cells assessed as stimulation of Ca2+ mobilization after 1 hr by FLIPR assay relative to glutamate	2015	Journal of medicinal chemistry, Sep-24, Volume: 58, Issue:18	Synthesis and Pharmacological Characterization of C4-(Thiotriazolyl)-substituted-2-aminobicyclo[3.1.0]hexane-2,6-dicarboxylates. Identification of (1R,2S,4R,5R,6R)-2-Amino-4-(1H-1,2,4-triazol-3-ylsulfanyl)bicyclo[3.1.0]hexane-2,6-dicarboxylic Acid (LY2812
AID1289821	Agonist activity at rat mGlu2 receptor expressed in HEK293 cells assessed as IP1 accumulation by IP-One functional assay	2016	Journal of medicinal chemistry, Feb-11, Volume: 59, Issue:3	New 4-Functionalized Glutamate Analogues Are Selective Agonists at Metabotropic Glutamate Receptor Subtype 2 or Selective Agonists at Metabotropic Glutamate Receptor Group III.
AID1207057	Agonist activity at rat mGluR5 expressed in HEK293 cells assessed as induction of inositol phosphate production by HTRF assay	2015	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters, Jun-15, Volume: 25, Issue:12	Synthesis and studies on the mGluR agonist activity of FAP4 stereoisomers.
AID93395	Binding affinity against human GluR6	2000	Journal of medicinal chemistry, May-18, Volume: 43, Issue:10	4-Alkyl- and 4-cinnamylglutamic acid analogues are potent GluR5 kainate receptor agonists.
AID503023	Agonist activity at MAG conjugated light activated iGluR6 L439C mutant expressed in human HEK293 cells assessed as increase inward currents at =>1 mM by whole cell patch clamp method	2006	Nature chemical biology, Jan, Volume: 2, Issue:1	Allosteric control of an ionotropic glutamate receptor with an optical switch.
AID319177	Activity at rat cloned iGluR2 expressed in human HEK293 cells by calcium imaging assay	2008	Journal of medicinal chemistry, Apr-10, Volume: 51, Issue:7	Synthesis and pharmacological characterization at glutamate receptors of the four enantiopure isomers of tricholomic acid.
AID588211	Literature-mined compound from Fourches et al multi-species drug-induced liver injury (DILI) dataset, effect in humans	2010	Chemical research in toxicology, Jan, Volume: 23, Issue:1	Cheminformatics analysis of assertions mined from literature that describe drug-induced liver injury in different species.
AID107263	Concentration for half maximal activation of metabotropic glutamate mGluR7 in rat	1995	Journal of medicinal chemistry, Apr-28, Volume: 38, Issue:9	Metabotropic glutamate receptors: novel targets for drug development.
AID1207053	Agonist activity at rat mGluR6 expressed in HEK293 cells assessed as induction of inositol phosphate production by HTRF assay	2015	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters, Jun-15, Volume: 25, Issue:12	Synthesis and studies on the mGluR agonist activity of FAP4 stereoisomers.
AID319179	Activity at rat cloned iGluR3 expressed in human HEK293 cells by calcium imaging assay	2008	Journal of medicinal chemistry, Apr-10, Volume: 51, Issue:7	Synthesis and pharmacological characterization at glutamate receptors of the four enantiopure isomers of tricholomic acid.
AID92962	Displacement of [3H]AMPA from human Ionotropic glutamate receptor AMPA 2 expressed in HEK293 cells	1997	Journal of medicinal chemistry, Oct-24, Volume: 40, Issue:22	Synthesis of willardiine and 6-azawillardiine analogs: pharmacological characterization on cloned homomeric human AMPA and kainate receptor subtypes.
AID107240	Concentration for half maximal activation of metabotropic glutamate mGluR6 in rat	1995	Journal of medicinal chemistry, Apr-28, Volume: 38, Issue:9	Metabotropic glutamate receptors: novel targets for drug development.
AID168024	Protective potency against glutamate-induced neurotoxicity in cultures of embryonic rat brain at a concentration of 100 uM (p < 0.05)	1999	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters, May-03, Volume: 9, Issue:9	Novel bisbenzamidines and bisbenzimidazolines as noncompetitive NMDA receptor antagonists.
AID1247438	Agonist activity at wild type human recombinant mGlu3 receptor expressed in AV12 cells assessed as stimulation of Ca2+ mobilization after 1 hr by FLIPR assay relative to glutamate	2015	Journal of medicinal chemistry, Sep-24, Volume: 58, Issue:18	Synthesis and Pharmacological Characterization of C4-(Thiotriazolyl)-substituted-2-aminobicyclo[3.1.0]hexane-2,6-dicarboxylates. Identification of (1R,2S,4R,5R,6R)-2-Amino-4-(1H-1,2,4-triazol-3-ylsulfanyl)bicyclo[3.1.0]hexane-2,6-dicarboxylic Acid (LY2812
AID258679	Activity at rat mGluR6 by measuring cAMP formation in CHO cells	2006	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters, Jan-01, Volume: 16, Issue:1	Synthesis and preliminary biological evaluation of (2S,1'R,2'S)- and (2S,1'S,2'R)-2-(2'-phosphonocyclopropyl)glycines, two novel conformationally constrained l-AP4 analogues.
AID221527	Agonistic activity evaluated in CHO(Chinese hamster ovary) cells expressing mGluR2 receptor	1999	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters, Jun-21, Volume: 9, Issue:12	1-amino-APDC, a partial agonist of group II metabotropic glutamate receptors with neuroprotective properties.
AID478464	Displacement of [3H]CGP39653 from NMDA receptor in Sprague-Dawley rat brain membranes	2010	Journal of medicinal chemistry, May-27, Volume: 53, Issue:10	4-hydroxy-1,2,5-oxadiazol-3-yl moiety as bioisoster of the carboxy function. Synthesis, ionization constants, and molecular pharmacological characterization at ionotropic glutamate receptors of compounds related to glutamate and its homologues.
AID1247441	Agonist activity at human recombinant mGlu3 receptor Q306L mutant expressed in AV12 cells assessed as stimulation of Ca2+ mobilization after 1 hr by FLIPR assay	2015	Journal of medicinal chemistry, Sep-24, Volume: 58, Issue:18	Synthesis and Pharmacological Characterization of C4-(Thiotriazolyl)-substituted-2-aminobicyclo[3.1.0]hexane-2,6-dicarboxylates. Identification of (1R,2S,4R,5R,6R)-2-Amino-4-(1H-1,2,4-triazol-3-ylsulfanyl)bicyclo[3.1.0]hexane-2,6-dicarboxylic Acid (LY2812
AID109341	Agonist potency against cloned human Metabotropic glutamate receptor 4 (mGluR-4)	2000	Journal of medicinal chemistry, Jul-13, Volume: 43, Issue:14	Ligands for glutamate receptors: design and therapeutic prospects.
AID1289815	Agonist activity at rat mGlu3 receptor expressed in HEK293 cells by [35S]GTP-gamma binding assay	2016	Journal of medicinal chemistry, Feb-11, Volume: 59, Issue:3	New 4-Functionalized Glutamate Analogues Are Selective Agonists at Metabotropic Glutamate Receptor Subtype 2 or Selective Agonists at Metabotropic Glutamate Receptor Group III.
AID109466	Concentration for half maximal activation of metabotropic glutamate mGluR4a in rat	1995	Journal of medicinal chemistry, Apr-28, Volume: 38, Issue:9	Metabotropic glutamate receptors: novel targets for drug development.
AID175859	In vitro stimulation of norepinephrine release from hippocampal nerve endings; Not determined	1997	Journal of medicinal chemistry, Sep-26, Volume: 40, Issue:20	Structure--activity studies for alpha-amino-3-hydroxy-5-methyl-4-isoxazolepropanoic acid receptors: acidic hydroxyphenylalanines.
AID1092308	Herbicidal activity against Vicia faba assessed as 1 mM of L-[3H]theronine uptake in leaf at 5 mM after 1 hr by liquid scintillation counting analysis relative to untreated control	1997	Biochimica et biophysica acta, Aug-29, Volume: 1336, Issue:2	Synthesis and structure-activity relationships of some pesticides with an alpha-amino acid function.
AID295065	Displacement of [3H]L-AP4 from rat recombinant mGluR4 expressed in BHK cells by SPA assay	2007	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry, May-01, Volume: 15, Issue:9	Synthesis and preliminary pharmacological evaluation of the four stereoisomers of (2S)-2-(2'-phosphono-3'-phenylcyclopropyl)glycine, the first class of 3'-substituted trans C1'-2'-2-(2'-phosphonocyclopropyl)glycines.
AID271630	Substrate activity at human EAAT3 expressed in HEK293 cells by FLIPR membrane potential assay	2006	Journal of medicinal chemistry, Nov-02, Volume: 49, Issue:22	Stereoselective chemoenzymatic synthesis of the four stereoisomers of l-2-(2-carboxycyclobutyl)glycine and pharmacological characterization at human excitatory amino acid transporter subtypes 1, 2, and 3.
AID1356071	Inhibition of human EAAT3 expressed in HEK293 cells assessed as reduction in [3H]-D-Asp uptake incubated for 4 mins by scintillation counting method	2018	Journal of medicinal chemistry, 09-13, Volume: 61, Issue:17	Chemoenzymatic Synthesis and Pharmacological Characterization of Functionalized Aspartate Analogues As Novel Excitatory Amino Acid Transporter Inhibitors.
AID93739	Binding affinity towards Ionotropic glutamate receptor kainate by displacement of [3H]-kainic acid radioligand	2001	Journal of medicinal chemistry, Aug-02, Volume: 44, Issue:16	A rational approach to the design of selective substrates and potent nontransportable inhibitors of the excitatory amino acid transporter EAAC1 (EAAT3). new glutamate and aspartate analogues as potential neuroprotective agents.
AID107251	Agonistic activity at mGlu6 receptor expressed in CHO cells	1996	Journal of medicinal chemistry, Aug-02, Volume: 39, Issue:16	A new highly selective metabotropic excitatory amino acid agonist: 2-amino-4-(3-hydroxy-5-methylisoxazol-4-yl)butyric acid.
AID1725865	Inhibition of human EAAT1 transfected in HEK293 cells assessed as inhibition of [3H]-D-aspartate uptake incubated for 4 mins by TopCount scintillation counting analysis	2020	ACS medicinal chemistry letters, Nov-12, Volume: 11, Issue:11	β-Indolyloxy Functionalized Aspartate Analogs as Inhibitors of the Excitatory Amino Acid Transporters (EAATs).
AID298025	Displacement of [3H]LAP4 from mGluR4 receptor expressed in BHK cells	2007	Journal of medicinal chemistry, Sep-20, Volume: 50, Issue:19	Synthesis, molecular modeling studies, and preliminary pharmacological characterization of all possible 2-(2'-sulfonocyclopropyl)glycine stereoisomers as conformationally constrained L-homocysteic acid analogs.
AID297345	Agonist activity at GluR1 expressed in HEK293 cells by Fluo-4/Ca2+ assay	2007	Journal of medicinal chemistry, Aug-23, Volume: 50, Issue:17	Functional characterization of Tet-AMPA [tetrazolyl-2-amino-3-(3-hydroxy-5-methyl- 4-isoxazolyl)propionic acid] analogues at ionotropic glutamate receptors GluR1-GluR4. The molecular basis for the functional selectivity profile of 2-Bn-Tet-AMPA.
AID1247431	Agonist activity at human recombinant mGlu2 receptor E273D mutant expressed in AV12 cells assessed as stimulation of Ca2+ mobilization after 1 hr by FLIPR assay	2015	Journal of medicinal chemistry, Sep-24, Volume: 58, Issue:18	Synthesis and Pharmacological Characterization of C4-(Thiotriazolyl)-substituted-2-aminobicyclo[3.1.0]hexane-2,6-dicarboxylates. Identification of (1R,2S,4R,5R,6R)-2-Amino-4-(1H-1,2,4-triazol-3-ylsulfanyl)bicyclo[3.1.0]hexane-2,6-dicarboxylic Acid (LY2812
AID1289816	Agonist activity at rat mGlu4 receptor expressed in HEK293 cells assessed as inhibition of forskolin stimulated cAMP production	2016	Journal of medicinal chemistry, Feb-11, Volume: 59, Issue:3	New 4-Functionalized Glutamate Analogues Are Selective Agonists at Metabotropic Glutamate Receptor Subtype 2 or Selective Agonists at Metabotropic Glutamate Receptor Group III.
AID107253	Compound was tested for the inhibition of Metabotropic glutamate receptor 6	1998	Journal of medicinal chemistry, May-07, Volume: 41, Issue:10	Synthesis and biology of the conformationally restricted ACPD analogue, 2-aminobicyclo[2.1.1]hexane-2,5-dicarboxylic acid-I, a potent mGluR agonist.
AID233320	Bitter threshold value; NB denotes 'Not bitter'	1987	Journal of medicinal chemistry, Oct, Volume: 30, Issue:10	Quantitative structure-activity relationships of the bitter thresholds of amino acids, peptides, and their derivatives.
AID107261	Agonist potency against cloned Metabotropic glutamate receptor 7 (mGluR-7).	2000	Journal of medicinal chemistry, Jul-13, Volume: 43, Issue:14	Ligands for glutamate receptors: design and therapeutic prospects.
AID108985	Ratio between EC50 of compound and glutamate measured against Metabotropic glutamate receptor 2	1999	Journal of medicinal chemistry, May-06, Volume: 42, Issue:9	Agonist selectivity of mGluR1 and mGluR2 metabotropic receptors: a different environment but similar recognition of an extended glutamate conformation.
AID75159	Compound was tested for the inhibition of Group II Metabotropic glutamate receptor (mGluR3/1a).	1998	Journal of medicinal chemistry, May-07, Volume: 41, Issue:10	Synthesis and biology of the conformationally restricted ACPD analogue, 2-aminobicyclo[2.1.1]hexane-2,5-dicarboxylic acid-I, a potent mGluR agonist.
AID477560	Agonist activity at recombinant GluA4 receptor flop isoform expressed in Xenopus oocytes co-expressing gamma2-TARP	2010	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry, Feb-15, Volume: 18, Issue:4	Developing a complete pharmacology for AMPA receptors: a perspective on subtype-selective ligands.
AID26797	Partition coefficient (logP)	1987	Journal of medicinal chemistry, Oct, Volume: 30, Issue:10	Quantitative structure-activity relationships of the bitter thresholds of amino acids, peptides, and their derivatives.
AID74822	Binding affinity of compound was determined against Glutamate receptor (KA2) using cell membranes prepared from HEK293 cells	2000	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters, Aug-21, Volume: 10, Issue:16	4-Alkylidenyl glutamic acids, potent and selective GluR5 agonists.
AID92497	Inhibition of specific binding of [3H]AMPA to Ionotropic glutamate receptor AMPA in rat brain membranes	1997	Journal of medicinal chemistry, Sep-26, Volume: 40, Issue:20	Structure--activity studies for alpha-amino-3-hydroxy-5-methyl-4-isoxazolepropanoic acid receptors: acidic hydroxyphenylalanines.
AID1553726	Agonist activity at GluA2(Q) receptor (unknown origin) expressed in HEK293 cells assessed induction of S-glutamate-induced calcium flux measured after 90 secs in presence of cyclothiazide by Fluo4-AM dye-based fluorescence assay	2019	Journal of medicinal chemistry, 05-09, Volume: 62, Issue:9	Use of the 4-Hydroxytriazole Moiety as a Bioisosteric Tool in the Development of Ionotropic Glutamate Receptor Ligands.
AID143783	Binding affinity was measured by NMDA sensitive [3H]- glutamic acid receptor binding assay.	1992	Journal of medicinal chemistry, Jan, Volume: 35, Issue:1	Heterocyclic excitatory amino acids. Synthesis and biological activity of novel analogues of AMPA.
AID503021	Agonist activity at MAG conjugated light activated iGluR6 L439C mutant expressed in human HEK293 cells assessed as increase inward currents illuminated at 500 nm wavelength by whole cell patch clamp method	2006	Nature chemical biology, Jan, Volume: 2, Issue:1	Allosteric control of an ionotropic glutamate receptor with an optical switch.
AID391443	Displacement of (R,S)-[5-methyl-3H]AMPA from rat recombinant flop iGluR2(R) expressed in Sf9 cells	2008	Journal of medicinal chemistry, Oct-23, Volume: 51, Issue:20	1H-cyclopentapyrimidine-2,4(1H,3H)-dione-related ionotropic glutamate receptors ligands. structure-activity relationships and identification of potent and Selective iGluR5 modulators.
AID224504	Effect on rate of GTP hydrolysis in the GTP binding protein ras p21; Not determined	1998	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters, May-05, Volume: 8, Issue:9	Prediction of the GTPase activities by using the semiempirical molecular orbital theory.
AID1207056	Agonist activity at rat mGluR1 expressed in HEK293 cells assessed as induction of inositol phosphate production by HTRF assay	2015	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters, Jun-15, Volume: 25, Issue:12	Synthesis and studies on the mGluR agonist activity of FAP4 stereoisomers.
AID339928	Displacement of [3H]SYM2081 from rat recombinant iGluR6	2008	Journal of medicinal chemistry, Jul-24, Volume: 51, Issue:14	Chemo-enzymatic synthesis of a series of 2,4-syn-functionalized (S)-glutamate analogues: new insight into the structure-activity relation of ionotropic glutamate receptor subtypes 5, 6, and 7.
AID327311	Activity of Escherichia coli MurI	2007	Nature, Jun-14, Volume: 447, Issue:7146	Exploitation of structural and regulatory diversity in glutamate racemases.
AID257202	Displacement of [3H]kainate from rat GLUK6 receptor expressed in HEK293 cells	2005	Journal of medicinal chemistry, Dec-01, Volume: 48, Issue:24	Synthesis and pharmacology of willardiine derivatives acting as antagonists of kainate receptors.
AID751740	Displacement of [3H]CGP39653 from NMDA receptor agonist binding site in Wistar rat cerebral cortex at 10 uM after 20 mins relative to control	2013	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters, Mar-15, Volume: 23, Issue:6	Cinnamides as selective small-molecule inhibitors of a cellular model of breast cancer stem cells.
AID339909	Inhibition of [3H]D-Asp uptake at human EAAT3 in HEK293 cells	2008	Journal of medicinal chemistry, Jul-24, Volume: 51, Issue:14	Chemo-enzymatic synthesis of (2S,4R)-2-amino-4-(3-(2,2-diphenylethylamino)-3-oxopropyl)pentanedioic acid: a novel selective inhibitor of human excitatory amino acid transporter subtype 2.
AID422614	Agonist activity at rat recombinant GluR5(Q) RNA-edited isoform expressed in HEK293 cells assessed as increase in intracellular calcium level by Fluo-4/AM assay	2009	Journal of medicinal chemistry, Aug-13, Volume: 52, Issue:15	The glutamate receptor GluR5 agonist (S)-2-amino-3-(3-hydroxy-7,8-dihydro-6H-cyclohepta[d]isoxazol-4-yl)propionic acid and the 8-methyl analogue: synthesis, molecular pharmacology, and biostructural characterization.
AID92951	Displacement of [3H]AMPA from human Ionotropic glutamate receptor AMPA 1 expressed in HEK293 cells	1997	Journal of medicinal chemistry, Oct-24, Volume: 40, Issue:22	Synthesis of willardiine and 6-azawillardiine analogs: pharmacological characterization on cloned homomeric human AMPA and kainate receptor subtypes.
AID1915496	Binding affinity to NMDA receptor (unknown origin)	2021	European journal of medicinal chemistry, Jan-01, Volume: 209	Squaric acid analogues in medicinal chemistry.
AID1247440	Agonist activity at human recombinant mGlu3 receptor D279E mutant expressed in AV12 cells assessed as stimulation of Ca2+ mobilization after 1 hr by FLIPR assay relative to glutamate	2015	Journal of medicinal chemistry, Sep-24, Volume: 58, Issue:18	Synthesis and Pharmacological Characterization of C4-(Thiotriazolyl)-substituted-2-aminobicyclo[3.1.0]hexane-2,6-dicarboxylates. Identification of (1R,2S,4R,5R,6R)-2-Amino-4-(1H-1,2,4-triazol-3-ylsulfanyl)bicyclo[3.1.0]hexane-2,6-dicarboxylic Acid (LY2812
AID611783	Agonist activity at non-desensitized homomeric rat GluK3 mutant expressed in Xenopus oocytes by two-electrode voltage-clamp electrophysiology	2011	Journal of medicinal chemistry, Jul-14, Volume: 54, Issue:13	Selective kainate receptor (GluK1) ligands structurally based upon 1H-cyclopentapyrimidin-2,4(1H,3H)-dione: synthesis, molecular modeling, and pharmacological and biostructural characterization.
AID297362	Agonist activity at GluR1 M686V/I687 mutant expressed in HEK293 cells by Fluo-4/Ca2+ assay	2007	Journal of medicinal chemistry, Aug-23, Volume: 50, Issue:17	Functional characterization of Tet-AMPA [tetrazolyl-2-amino-3-(3-hydroxy-5-methyl- 4-isoxazolyl)propionic acid] analogues at ionotropic glutamate receptors GluR1-GluR4. The molecular basis for the functional selectivity profile of 2-Bn-Tet-AMPA.
AID339882	Activity at rat recombinant NR1/NR2B receptor expressed in Xenopus oocytes assessed as effect on glutamate-induced current by two voltage clamp electrophysiology	2008	Journal of medicinal chemistry, Jul-24, Volume: 51, Issue:14	N-Hydroxypyrazolyl glycine derivatives as selective N-methyl-D-aspartic acid receptor ligands.
AID477140	Agonist activity at rat recombinant GluA3 receptor flip isoform expressed in HEK293 cells assessed as effect on cyclothiazide-induced calcium flux by Fluo-4/AM staining-based fluorescence assay	2010	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry, Feb-15, Volume: 18, Issue:4	Developing a complete pharmacology for AMPA receptors: a perspective on subtype-selective ligands.
AID109164	Agonist potency against cloned Metabotropic glutamate receptor 3 (mGluR-3).	2000	Journal of medicinal chemistry, Jul-13, Volume: 43, Issue:14	Ligands for glutamate receptors: design and therapeutic prospects.
AID339907	Inhibition of [3H]D-Asp uptake at EAAT1 in HEK293 cells	2008	Journal of medicinal chemistry, Jul-24, Volume: 51, Issue:14	Chemo-enzymatic synthesis of (2S,4R)-2-amino-4-(3-(2,2-diphenylethylamino)-3-oxopropyl)pentanedioic acid: a novel selective inhibitor of human excitatory amino acid transporter subtype 2.
AID109333	Concentration for half maximal activation of metabotropic glutamate mGluR4a in human	1995	Journal of medicinal chemistry, Apr-28, Volume: 38, Issue:9	Metabotropic glutamate receptors: novel targets for drug development.
AID477147	Agonist activity at recombinant GluA2A4 receptor flip isoform expressed in Xenopus oocytes	2010	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry, Feb-15, Volume: 18, Issue:4	Developing a complete pharmacology for AMPA receptors: a perspective on subtype-selective ligands.
AID107091	Inhibition of c-AMP by human Metabotropic glutamate receptor 6 (mGluR6) expressed in non-neuronal cells	2002	Journal of medicinal chemistry, Aug-15, Volume: 45, Issue:17	(2S,1'S,2'S,3'R)-2-(2'-carboxy-3'-methylcyclopropyl) glycine is a potent and selective metabotropic group 2 receptor agonist with anxiolytic properties.
AID478471	Activity at recombinant iGluR2 receptor expressed in Xenopus laevis oocytes using holding potential of -15 to -20 mV by TEVC electrophysiology	2010	Journal of medicinal chemistry, May-27, Volume: 53, Issue:10	4-hydroxy-1,2,5-oxadiazol-3-yl moiety as bioisoster of the carboxy function. Synthesis, ionization constants, and molecular pharmacological characterization at ionotropic glutamate receptors of compounds related to glutamate and its homologues.
AID422606	Agonist activity at rat recombinant GluR1 flip isoform expressed in HEK293 cells assessed as increase in intracellular calcium level by Fluo-4/AM assay	2009	Journal of medicinal chemistry, Aug-13, Volume: 52, Issue:15	The glutamate receptor GluR5 agonist (S)-2-amino-3-(3-hydroxy-7,8-dihydro-6H-cyclohepta[d]isoxazol-4-yl)propionic acid and the 8-methyl analogue: synthesis, molecular pharmacology, and biostructural characterization.
AID108489	Agonist potency against cloned human metabotropic glutamate receptor 1	2000	Journal of medicinal chemistry, Jul-13, Volume: 43, Issue:14	Ligands for glutamate receptors: design and therapeutic prospects.
AID391444	Displacement of (R,S)-[5-methyl-3H]AMPA from rat recombinant flop iGluR3 expressed in Sf9 cells	2008	Journal of medicinal chemistry, Oct-23, Volume: 51, Issue:20	1H-cyclopentapyrimidine-2,4(1H,3H)-dione-related ionotropic glutamate receptors ligands. structure-activity relationships and identification of potent and Selective iGluR5 modulators.
AID258675	Activity at rat mGluR1 by measuring intracellular calcium concentration in CHO cells	2006	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters, Jan-01, Volume: 16, Issue:1	Synthesis and preliminary biological evaluation of (2S,1'R,2'S)- and (2S,1'S,2'R)-2-(2'-phosphonocyclopropyl)glycines, two novel conformationally constrained l-AP4 analogues.
AID297366	Agonist activity at GluR1 E683A/M686V/I687A mutant expressed in HEK293 cells by Fluo-4/Ca2+ assay	2007	Journal of medicinal chemistry, Aug-23, Volume: 50, Issue:17	Functional characterization of Tet-AMPA [tetrazolyl-2-amino-3-(3-hydroxy-5-methyl- 4-isoxazolyl)propionic acid] analogues at ionotropic glutamate receptors GluR1-GluR4. The molecular basis for the functional selectivity profile of 2-Bn-Tet-AMPA.
AID107083	Compound was tested for the inhibition of Metabotropic glutamate receptor 5	1998	Journal of medicinal chemistry, May-07, Volume: 41, Issue:10	Synthesis and biology of the conformationally restricted ACPD analogue, 2-aminobicyclo[2.1.1]hexane-2,5-dicarboxylic acid-I, a potent mGluR agonist.
AID107059	Agonist potency against cloned metabotropic glutamate receptor 5	2000	Journal of medicinal chemistry, Jul-13, Volume: 43, Issue:14	Ligands for glutamate receptors: design and therapeutic prospects.
AID611795	Agonist activity at non-desensitized homomeric rat GluK3 mutant expressed in Xenopus oocytes at 1 mM by two-electrode voltage-clamp electrophysiology	2011	Journal of medicinal chemistry, Jul-14, Volume: 54, Issue:13	Selective kainate receptor (GluK1) ligands structurally based upon 1H-cyclopentapyrimidin-2,4(1H,3H)-dione: synthesis, molecular modeling, and pharmacological and biostructural characterization.
AID339929	Displacement of [3H]SYM2081 from rat recombinant iGluR7	2008	Journal of medicinal chemistry, Jul-24, Volume: 51, Issue:14	Chemo-enzymatic synthesis of a series of 2,4-syn-functionalized (S)-glutamate analogues: new insight into the structure-activity relation of ionotropic glutamate receptor subtypes 5, 6, and 7.
AID478463	Displacement of [3H]KA from KA receptor in Sprague-Dawley rat brain membranes	2010	Journal of medicinal chemistry, May-27, Volume: 53, Issue:10	4-hydroxy-1,2,5-oxadiazol-3-yl moiety as bioisoster of the carboxy function. Synthesis, ionization constants, and molecular pharmacological characterization at ionotropic glutamate receptors of compounds related to glutamate and its homologues.
AID751676	Displacement of [3H]CGP 39653 from NMDA receptor agonist binding site in Wistar rat cerebral cortex after 20 mins	2013	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters, Mar-15, Volume: 23, Issue:6	Cinnamides as selective small-molecule inhibitors of a cellular model of breast cancer stem cells.
AID327310	Activity of Helicobacter pylori MurI E151K mutant	2007	Nature, Jun-14, Volume: 447, Issue:7146	Exploitation of structural and regulatory diversity in glutamate racemases.
AID477117	Agonist activity at rat recombinant GluA1 receptor flop isoform expressed in Xenopus oocytes	2010	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry, Feb-15, Volume: 18, Issue:4	Developing a complete pharmacology for AMPA receptors: a perspective on subtype-selective ligands.
AID1356070	Inhibition of human EAAT2 expressed in HEK293 cells assessed as reduction in [3H]-D-Asp uptake incubated for 4 mins by scintillation counting method	2018	Journal of medicinal chemistry, 09-13, Volume: 61, Issue:17	Chemoenzymatic Synthesis and Pharmacological Characterization of Functionalized Aspartate Analogues As Novel Excitatory Amino Acid Transporter Inhibitors.
AID339927	Displacement of [3H]SYM2081 from rat recombinant iGluR5	2008	Journal of medicinal chemistry, Jul-24, Volume: 51, Issue:14	Chemo-enzymatic synthesis of a series of 2,4-syn-functionalized (S)-glutamate analogues: new insight into the structure-activity relation of ionotropic glutamate receptor subtypes 5, 6, and 7.
AID478473	Agonist activity at rat NR1/NR2A receptor expressed in BHK21 cells assessed as change in intracellular calcium levels by FLIPR assay	2010	Journal of medicinal chemistry, May-27, Volume: 53, Issue:10	4-hydroxy-1,2,5-oxadiazol-3-yl moiety as bioisoster of the carboxy function. Synthesis, ionization constants, and molecular pharmacological characterization at ionotropic glutamate receptors of compounds related to glutamate and its homologues.
AID1397322	Activation of Trypanosoma cruzi CA preincubated for 15 mins followed by CO2 addition by stopped-flow assay
AID108647	Compound was tested for the inhibition of Metabotropic glutamate receptor 1	1998	Journal of medicinal chemistry, May-07, Volume: 41, Issue:10	Synthesis and biology of the conformationally restricted ACPD analogue, 2-aminobicyclo[2.1.1]hexane-2,5-dicarboxylic acid-I, a potent mGluR agonist.
AID1207050	Agonist activity at rat mGluR2 expressed in HEK293 cells assessed as induction of inositol phosphate production by HTRF assay	2015	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters, Jun-15, Volume: 25, Issue:12	Synthesis and studies on the mGluR agonist activity of FAP4 stereoisomers.
AID1698635	Displacement of [3H]CPP from rat brain cortical membranes NMDA receptor incubated for 30 mins by equilibrium binding assay	2020	Journal of natural products, 10-23, Volume: 83, Issue:10	Diverse Aromatic Metabolites in the Solitary Tunicate
AID92646	Binding affinity towards AMPA receptor by displacement of [3H]AMPA radioligand.	2001	Journal of medicinal chemistry, Aug-02, Volume: 44, Issue:16	A rational approach to the design of selective substrates and potent nontransportable inhibitors of the excitatory amino acid transporter EAAC1 (EAAT3). new glutamate and aspartate analogues as potential neuroprotective agents.
AID1289828	Agonist activity at rat mGlu2 receptor by FRET based mGlu sensor assay	2016	Journal of medicinal chemistry, Feb-11, Volume: 59, Issue:3	New 4-Functionalized Glutamate Analogues Are Selective Agonists at Metabotropic Glutamate Receptor Subtype 2 or Selective Agonists at Metabotropic Glutamate Receptor Group III.
AID723877	Displacement of [3H]KA from kainate receptor in rat brain cortex after 60 mins by Packard TopCount microplate scintillator counting	2013	Journal of medicinal chemistry, Feb-28, Volume: 56, Issue:4	Chemoenzymatic synthesis of new 2,4-syn-functionalized (S)-glutamate analogues and structure-activity relationship studies at ionotropic glutamate receptors and excitatory amino acid transporters.
AID1397321	Activation of Leishmania donovani chagasi CA preincubated for 15 mins followed by CO2 addition by stopped-flow assay
AID733540	Displacement of [125I]-N-(p-I-Bn)-THAZ from 5HT2C in rat cerebral cortex membrane at 300 uM after 1 hr by scintillation counting analysis	2013	Journal of medicinal chemistry, Feb-14, Volume: 56, Issue:3	Design, synthesis, and pharmacological characterization of N- and O-substituted 5,6,7,8-tetrahydro-4H-isoxazolo[4,5-d]azepin-3-ol analogues: novel 5-HT(2A)/5-HT(2C) receptor agonists with pro-cognitive properties.
AID439882	Agonist activity at recombinant GluR5	2010	European journal of medicinal chemistry, Jan, Volume: 45, Issue:1	Substituted 2-aminothiopen-derivatives: a potential new class of GluR6-antagonists.
AID617311	Inhibition of human erythrocyte Glutathione reductase	2011	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters, Sep-15, Volume: 21, Issue:18	Design, synthesis and biological evaluation of novel nitroaromatic compounds as potent glutathione reductase inhibitors.
AID477118	Agonist activity at rat recombinant GluA3 receptor flop isoform expressed in Xenopus oocytes	2010	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry, Feb-15, Volume: 18, Issue:4	Developing a complete pharmacology for AMPA receptors: a perspective on subtype-selective ligands.
AID196746	Potential inhibitory activity of EAAT2 by the ability (250 uM) to attenuate the Na-dependent uptake of [3H]D-aspartate (5 uM) into synaptosomes of rat forebrain	2002	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters, Nov-04, Volume: 12, Issue:21	Synthesis and preliminary evaluation of trans-3,4-conformationally-restricted glutamate and pyroglutamate analogues as novel EAAT2 inhibitors.
AID93262	Effective concentration against human GluR6 expressed in HEK293 cells	2000	Journal of medicinal chemistry, May-18, Volume: 43, Issue:10	4-Alkyl- and 4-cinnamylglutamic acid analogues are potent GluR5 kainate receptor agonists.
AID1290115	Agonist activity at recombinant rat GluA3 receptor flip isoform expressed in Xenopus laevis oocytes by two-electrode voltage clamp assay	2016	Journal of medicinal chemistry, Mar-10, Volume: 59, Issue:5	Tweaking Subtype Selectivity and Agonist Efficacy at (S)-2-Amino-3-(3-hydroxy-5-methyl-isoxazol-4-yl)propionic acid (AMPA) Receptors in a Small Series of BnTetAMPA Analogues.
AID681145	TP_TRANSPORTER: uptake in Xenopus laevis oocytes	2002	Genomics, Jan, Volume: 79, Issue:1	The human T-type amino acid transporter-1: characterization, gene organization, and chromosomal location.
AID258676	Activity at rat mGluR5 by measuring intracellular calcium concentration in CHO cells	2006	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters, Jan-01, Volume: 16, Issue:1	Synthesis and preliminary biological evaluation of (2S,1'R,2'S)- and (2S,1'S,2'R)-2-(2'-phosphonocyclopropyl)glycines, two novel conformationally constrained l-AP4 analogues.
AID1290119	Agonist activity at recombinant rat GluA2 (Q) receptor flip isomer S403D/A687E double mutant expressed in Xenopus laevis oocytes by two-electrode voltage clamp assay	2016	Journal of medicinal chemistry, Mar-10, Volume: 59, Issue:5	Tweaking Subtype Selectivity and Agonist Efficacy at (S)-2-Amino-3-(3-hydroxy-5-methyl-isoxazol-4-yl)propionic acid (AMPA) Receptors in a Small Series of BnTetAMPA Analogues.
AID298022	Displacement of [3H]quisqualate from mGluR1 receptor expressed in BHK cells	2007	Journal of medicinal chemistry, Sep-20, Volume: 50, Issue:19	Synthesis, molecular modeling studies, and preliminary pharmacological characterization of all possible 2-(2'-sulfonocyclopropyl)glycine stereoisomers as conformationally constrained L-homocysteic acid analogs.
AID502883	Binding affinity to wild type Glutamate receptor 2 S1S2 ligand binding domain assessed as induction protein vibrational state by time resolved FTIR difference spectra method	2005	Nature chemical biology, Nov, Volume: 1, Issue:6	Evolution of glutamate interactions during binding to a glutamate receptor.
AID194868	Effect of pretreatment on the survival of the rat embryonic forebrain neurons when exposed to glutamate	2000	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters, Nov-06, Volume: 10, Issue:21	Synthesis, chiral chromatographic separation, and biological activities of the enantiomers of 10,10-dimethylhuperzine A.
AID1553723	Displacement of [3H]CGP39653 from NMDA receptor in rat brain synaptic cortical membranes after 60 mins by scintillation counting method	2019	Journal of medicinal chemistry, 05-09, Volume: 62, Issue:9	Use of the 4-Hydroxytriazole Moiety as a Bioisosteric Tool in the Development of Ionotropic Glutamate Receptor Ligands.
AID477138	Agonist activity at rat recombinant GluA1 receptor flip isoform expressed in HEK293 cells assessed as effect on cyclothiazide-induced calcium flux by Fluo-4/AM staining-based fluorescence assay	2010	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry, Feb-15, Volume: 18, Issue:4	Developing a complete pharmacology for AMPA receptors: a perspective on subtype-selective ligands.
AID93251	Whole-cell voltage clamp recordings made from HEK293 cells stably transfected with Ionotropic glutamate receptor ionotropic kainate 1.Results are expressed as % of maximum inward current evoked	2000	Journal of medicinal chemistry, May-18, Volume: 43, Issue:10	4-Alkyl- and 4-cinnamylglutamic acid analogues are potent GluR5 kainate receptor agonists.
AID108837	Binding affinity at Metabotropic glutamate receptor 2	2002	Journal of medicinal chemistry, Jul-18, Volume: 45, Issue:15	Common and selective molecular determinants involved in metabotopic glutamate receptor agonist activity.
AID295059	Activity at rat recombinant mGluR1 expressed in CHO cells assessed as intracellular calcium concentration	2007	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry, May-01, Volume: 15, Issue:9	Synthesis and preliminary pharmacological evaluation of the four stereoisomers of (2S)-2-(2'-phosphono-3'-phenylcyclopropyl)glycine, the first class of 3'-substituted trans C1'-2'-2-(2'-phosphonocyclopropyl)glycines.
AID74820	Agonistic activity of compound on Glutamate receptor 6 using cell membranes prepared from HEK293 cells was expressed as percentage Rmax; ND means Not determined	2000	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters, Aug-21, Volume: 10, Issue:16	4-Alkylidenyl glutamic acids, potent and selective GluR5 agonists.
AID1408667	Inhibition of rat liver ACLY	2018	European journal of medicinal chemistry, Sep-05, Volume: 157	ATP citrate lyase (ACLY) inhibitors: An anti-cancer strategy at the crossroads of glucose and lipid metabolism.
AID617312	Competitive inhibition of human erythrocyte Glutathione reductase using GSSG substrate by Lineweaver-Burk plot analysis	2011	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters, Sep-15, Volume: 21, Issue:18	Design, synthesis and biological evaluation of novel nitroaromatic compounds as potent glutathione reductase inhibitors.
AID144612	Compound was evaluated for the inhibition of [3H]-CGS-19,755 binding at N-methyl-D-aspartate glutamate receptor	1992	Journal of medicinal chemistry, Nov-27, Volume: 35, Issue:24	DL-tetrazol-5-ylglycine, a highly potent NMDA agonist: its synthesis and NMDA receptor efficacy.
AID262630	Induction of calcium influx in HEK293 cells expressing human GLUK5/GLUK2 by FLIPR assay	2006	Journal of medicinal chemistry, Apr-20, Volume: 49, Issue:8	Structure-activity relationship studies on N3-substituted willardiine derivatives acting as AMPA or kainate receptor antagonists.
AID93569	Compound tested for binding affinity towards Ionotropic glutamate receptor kainate	1984	Journal of medicinal chemistry, May, Volume: 27, Issue:5	Ibotenic acid analogues. Synthesis and biological and in vitro activity of conformationally restricted agonists at central excitatory amino acid receptors.
AID57548	Compound was tested for agonistic activity on rat dorsal root ganglion neurons (thought to express GluR5 receptors)	2000	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters, Aug-21, Volume: 10, Issue:16	4-Alkylidenyl glutamic acids, potent and selective GluR5 agonists.
AID1212361	Drug uptake in albino F344/DuCrlCrlj rat assessed as radioactivity in glutamic acid in plasma protein at 10 mg/kg, po administered for 5 days by accelerator mass spectrometry analysis	2013	Drug metabolism and disposition: the biological fate of chemicals, May, Volume: 41, Issue:5	Tissue distribution and identification of radioactivity components at elimination phase after oral administration of [¹⁴C]CS-1036, an α-amylase inhibitor, to rats.
AID1398360	Cis-inhibition of human LAT1 expressed in TREx HEK293 cells at 200 uM assessed as inhibition of [3H]-gabapentin uptake at 200 uM preincubated for 3 mins at 37 degC followed by washing with choline buffer and measured after 3 hrs by scintillation counting	2018	Journal of medicinal chemistry, 08-23, Volume: 61, Issue:16	Reevaluating the Substrate Specificity of the L-Type Amino Acid Transporter (LAT1).
AID588213	Literature-mined compound from Fourches et al multi-species drug-induced liver injury (DILI) dataset, effect in non-rodents	2010	Chemical research in toxicology, Jan, Volume: 23, Issue:1	Cheminformatics analysis of assertions mined from literature that describe drug-induced liver injury in different species.
AID477558	Agonist activity at recombinant GluA2 receptor flop isoform expressed in Xenopus oocytes co-expressing gamma2-TARP	2010	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry, Feb-15, Volume: 18, Issue:4	Developing a complete pharmacology for AMPA receptors: a perspective on subtype-selective ligands.
AID22733	Ischemic myocardial half-life measured after intracoronary injection of [13N]-labeled amino acid in dogs (control - 114.1+/-26.5)	1981	Journal of medicinal chemistry, Jun, Volume: 24, Issue:6	13N-labeled L-amino acids for in vivo assessment of local myocardial metabolism.
AID1247437	Agonist activity at wild type human recombinant mGlu3 receptor expressed in AV12 cells assessed as stimulation of Ca2+ mobilization after 1 hr by FLIPR assay	2015	Journal of medicinal chemistry, Sep-24, Volume: 58, Issue:18	Synthesis and Pharmacological Characterization of C4-(Thiotriazolyl)-substituted-2-aminobicyclo[3.1.0]hexane-2,6-dicarboxylates. Identification of (1R,2S,4R,5R,6R)-2-Amino-4-(1H-1,2,4-triazol-3-ylsulfanyl)bicyclo[3.1.0]hexane-2,6-dicarboxylic Acid (LY2812
AID1397320	Activation of human CA2 by stopped-flow CO2 hydration assay
AID92964	Compound was tested for binding affinity against human Ionotropic glutamate receptor AMPA 2 in HK293 cells using [3H]AMPA as radioligand	2000	Journal of medicinal chemistry, May-18, Volume: 43, Issue:10	4-Alkyl- and 4-cinnamylglutamic acid analogues are potent GluR5 kainate receptor agonists.
AID1247432	Agonist activity at human recombinant mGlu2 receptor E273D mutant expressed in AV12 cells assessed as stimulation of Ca2+ mobilization after 1 hr by FLIPR assay relative to glutamate	2015	Journal of medicinal chemistry, Sep-24, Volume: 58, Issue:18	Synthesis and Pharmacological Characterization of C4-(Thiotriazolyl)-substituted-2-aminobicyclo[3.1.0]hexane-2,6-dicarboxylates. Identification of (1R,2S,4R,5R,6R)-2-Amino-4-(1H-1,2,4-triazol-3-ylsulfanyl)bicyclo[3.1.0]hexane-2,6-dicarboxylic Acid (LY2812
AID411486	Displacement of [3H]CGP39653 from NMDA receptor in rat brain membranes	2009	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry, Jan-01, Volume: 17, Issue:1	Design, synthesis and biological evaluation of novel bicyclo[1.1.1]pentane-based omega-acidic amino acids as glutamate receptors ligands.
AID221665	Agonistic activity evaluated in CHO(Chinese hamster ovary) cells expressing chimeric mGluR3/1a receptor	1999	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters, Jun-21, Volume: 9, Issue:12	1-amino-APDC, a partial agonist of group II metabotropic glutamate receptors with neuroprotective properties.
AID258678	Functional activity at rat mGluR4	2006	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters, Jan-01, Volume: 16, Issue:1	Synthesis and preliminary biological evaluation of (2S,1'R,2'S)- and (2S,1'S,2'R)-2-(2'-phosphonocyclopropyl)glycines, two novel conformationally constrained l-AP4 analogues.
AID93719	Inhibition of specific binding of [3H]kainate to Ionotropic glutamate receptor kainate in rat brain membranes	1997	Journal of medicinal chemistry, Sep-26, Volume: 40, Issue:20	Structure--activity studies for alpha-amino-3-hydroxy-5-methyl-4-isoxazolepropanoic acid receptors: acidic hydroxyphenylalanines.
AID107404	Agonist activity in rat at Metabotropic glutamate receptor 8 expressed in HEK293 cells	2001	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters, Jun-18, Volume: 11, Issue:12	New probes of the agonist binding site of metabotropic glutamate receptors.
AID93411	Ability to bind to Ionotropic glutamate receptor kainate (kainate 2) was evaluated.	2000	Journal of medicinal chemistry, May-18, Volume: 43, Issue:10	4-Alkyl- and 4-cinnamylglutamic acid analogues are potent GluR5 kainate receptor agonists.
AID1573527	Agonist activity at mGlu5 receptor (unknown origin) expressed in CHO cells assessed as increase in Gq-mediated PI hydrolysis after 45 mins by yttrium scintillation proximity assay	2018	Journal of medicinal chemistry, 11-21, Volume: 61, Issue:22	Biased Ligands of G Protein-Coupled Receptors (GPCRs): Structure-Functional Selectivity Relationships (SFSRs) and Therapeutic Potential.
AID108497	Compound was evaluated for the inhibitory activity against cloned Metabotropic glutamate receptor 1	2002	Journal of medicinal chemistry, Sep-12, Volume: 45, Issue:19	Selective agonists at group II metabotropic glutamate receptors: synthesis, stereochemistry, and molecular pharmacology of (S)- and (R)-2-amino-4-(4-hydroxy[1,2,5]thiadiazol-3-yl)butyric acid.
AID503020	Agonist activity at MAG conjugated light activated iGluR6 L439C mutant expressed in human HEK293 cells assessed as increase inward currents illuminated at 380 nm wavelength by whole cell patch clamp method	2006	Nature chemical biology, Jan, Volume: 2, Issue:1	Allosteric control of an ionotropic glutamate receptor with an optical switch.
AID22598	Compound was evaluated for the kinetic parameter Vmax (maximum velocity)	1999	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters, Sep-06, Volume: 9, Issue:17	Quinoline-2,4-dicarboxylic acids: synthesis and evaluation as inhibitors of the glutamate vesicular transport system.
AID1247439	Agonist activity at human recombinant mGlu3 receptor D279E mutant expressed in AV12 cells assessed as stimulation of Ca2+ mobilization after 1 hr by FLIPR assay	2015	Journal of medicinal chemistry, Sep-24, Volume: 58, Issue:18	Synthesis and Pharmacological Characterization of C4-(Thiotriazolyl)-substituted-2-aminobicyclo[3.1.0]hexane-2,6-dicarboxylates. Identification of (1R,2S,4R,5R,6R)-2-Amino-4-(1H-1,2,4-triazol-3-ylsulfanyl)bicyclo[3.1.0]hexane-2,6-dicarboxylic Acid (LY2812
AID1290118	Agonist activity at recombinant rat GluA2 (Q) receptor flip isomer A687E mutant expressed in Xenopus laevis oocytes by two-electrode voltage clamp assay	2016	Journal of medicinal chemistry, Mar-10, Volume: 59, Issue:5	Tweaking Subtype Selectivity and Agonist Efficacy at (S)-2-Amino-3-(3-hydroxy-5-methyl-isoxazol-4-yl)propionic acid (AMPA) Receptors in a Small Series of BnTetAMPA Analogues.
AID319181	Activity at rat cloned iGluR4 expressed in human HEK293 cells by calcium imaging assay	2008	Journal of medicinal chemistry, Apr-10, Volume: 51, Issue:7	Synthesis and pharmacological characterization at glutamate receptors of the four enantiopure isomers of tricholomic acid.
AID146062	Effective concentration against NR1/NR2C receptor	2000	Journal of medicinal chemistry, Jul-13, Volume: 43, Issue:14	Ligands for glutamate receptors: design and therapeutic prospects.
AID1289814	Agonist activity at rat mGlu2 receptor expressed in HEK293 cells by [35S]GTP-gamma binding assay	2016	Journal of medicinal chemistry, Feb-11, Volume: 59, Issue:3	New 4-Functionalized Glutamate Analogues Are Selective Agonists at Metabotropic Glutamate Receptor Subtype 2 or Selective Agonists at Metabotropic Glutamate Receptor Group III.
AID1207054	Agonist activity at rat mGluR7 expressed in HEK293 cells assessed as induction of inositol phosphate production by HTRF assay	2015	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters, Jun-15, Volume: 25, Issue:12	Synthesis and studies on the mGluR agonist activity of FAP4 stereoisomers.
AID1247433	Agonist activity at human recombinant mGlu2 receptor L300Q mutant expressed in AV12 cells assessed as stimulation of Ca2+ mobilization after 1 hr by FLIPR assay	2015	Journal of medicinal chemistry, Sep-24, Volume: 58, Issue:18	Synthesis and Pharmacological Characterization of C4-(Thiotriazolyl)-substituted-2-aminobicyclo[3.1.0]hexane-2,6-dicarboxylates. Identification of (1R,2S,4R,5R,6R)-2-Amino-4-(1H-1,2,4-triazol-3-ylsulfanyl)bicyclo[3.1.0]hexane-2,6-dicarboxylic Acid (LY2812
AID671510	Agonist activity at rat mGlu4 receptor expressed in HEK293 cells coexpressing Gq/Gi and EAAC1 assessed as intracellular calcium production measured every 1.5 secs for 60 secs by Fluo-4-AM based fluorometry	2012	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry, Aug-01, Volume: 20, Issue:15	Α-amino-β-fluorocyclopropanecarboxylic acids as a new tool for drug development: synthesis of glutamic acid analogs and agonist activity towards metabotropic glutamate receptor 4.
AID145250	NMDA Antagonist activity was evaluated; na means no activity	1985	Journal of medicinal chemistry, May, Volume: 28, Issue:5	Ibotenic acid analogues. Synthesis, molecular flexibility, and in vitro activity of agonists and antagonists at central glutamic acid receptors.
AID146064	Effective concentration against NR1/NR2D receptor	2000	Journal of medicinal chemistry, Jul-13, Volume: 43, Issue:14	Ligands for glutamate receptors: design and therapeutic prospects.
AID569552	Agonist activity at human mGluR2 expressed in CHO cells at by [S35]GTPgammaS binding assay	2011	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters, Feb-01, Volume: 21, Issue:3	New positive allosteric modulators of the metabotropic glutamate receptor 2 (mGluR2): identification and synthesis of N-propyl-8-chloro-6-substituted isoquinolones.
AID477123	Agonist activity at recombinant GluA2A3 receptor flop isoform expressed in Xenopus oocytes	2010	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry, Feb-15, Volume: 18, Issue:4	Developing a complete pharmacology for AMPA receptors: a perspective on subtype-selective ligands.
AID339877	Displacement of [3H]AMPA from AMPA receptor in rat cortical synaptosome	2008	Journal of medicinal chemistry, Jul-24, Volume: 51, Issue:14	N-Hydroxypyrazolyl glycine derivatives as selective N-methyl-D-aspartic acid receptor ligands.
AID26366	pKa value by 1H NMR titration experiments; pK2	1996	Journal of medicinal chemistry, Jan-19, Volume: 39, Issue:2	Syntheses and conformational analyses of glutamate analogs: 2-(2-carboxy-3-substituted-cyclopropyl)glycines as useful probes for excitatory amino acid receptors.
AID93557	Binding affinity against Ionotropic glutamate receptor kainate by displacing [3H]KA from purified rat synaptic membranes	1985	Journal of medicinal chemistry, May, Volume: 28, Issue:5	Synthesis and structure-activity studies on excitatory amino acids structurally related to ibotenic acid.
AID93112	Binding affinity of compound was determined against Ionotropic glutamate receptor AMPA 4 using cell membranes prepared from HEK293 cells	2000	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters, Aug-21, Volume: 10, Issue:16	4-Alkylidenyl glutamic acids, potent and selective GluR5 agonists.
AID295064	Activity at human recombinant mGluR7 expressed in BHK cells assessed as cAMP production	2007	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry, May-01, Volume: 15, Issue:9	Synthesis and preliminary pharmacological evaluation of the four stereoisomers of (2S)-2-(2'-phosphono-3'-phenylcyclopropyl)glycine, the first class of 3'-substituted trans C1'-2'-2-(2'-phosphonocyclopropyl)glycines.
AID74835	Inhibitory activity against vesicular glutamate transport (GVT) in synaptic vesicles isolated from rat forebrain	1999	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters, Sep-06, Volume: 9, Issue:17	Quinoline-2,4-dicarboxylic acids: synthesis and evaluation as inhibitors of the glutamate vesicular transport system.
AID18077	Compound was evaluated for the kinetic parameter (Km)	1999	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters, Sep-06, Volume: 9, Issue:17	Quinoline-2,4-dicarboxylic acids: synthesis and evaluation as inhibitors of the glutamate vesicular transport system.
AID477559	Agonist activity at recombinant GluA3 receptor flop isoform expressed in Xenopus oocytes co-expressing gamma2-TARP	2010	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry, Feb-15, Volume: 18, Issue:4	Developing a complete pharmacology for AMPA receptors: a perspective on subtype-selective ligands.
AID297353	Agonist activity at GluR1 D399S mutant expressed in HEK293 cells by Fluo-4/Ca2+ assay	2007	Journal of medicinal chemistry, Aug-23, Volume: 50, Issue:17	Functional characterization of Tet-AMPA [tetrazolyl-2-amino-3-(3-hydroxy-5-methyl- 4-isoxazolyl)propionic acid] analogues at ionotropic glutamate receptors GluR1-GluR4. The molecular basis for the functional selectivity profile of 2-Bn-Tet-AMPA.
AID1289823	Agonist activity at rat mGlu4 receptor expressed in HEK293 cells assessed as IP1 accumulation by IP-One functional assay	2016	Journal of medicinal chemistry, Feb-11, Volume: 59, Issue:3	New 4-Functionalized Glutamate Analogues Are Selective Agonists at Metabotropic Glutamate Receptor Subtype 2 or Selective Agonists at Metabotropic Glutamate Receptor Group III.
AID1543452	Inhibition of N-terminal His6-tagged recombinant Paramecium bursaria chlorella virus 1 CPH expressed in Escherichia coli Rosetta 2 (DE3) cells pre-incubated for 5 mins before 2OG as substrate and Fe2 as co-factor addition in presence of L-ascorbate and me	2019	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry, 06-15, Volume: 27, Issue:12	Inhibition of a viral prolyl hydroxylase.
AID92963	Binding affinity of compound was determined against Ionotropic glutamate receptor AMPA 2 using cell membranes prepared from HEK293 cells	2000	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters, Aug-21, Volume: 10, Issue:16	4-Alkylidenyl glutamic acids, potent and selective GluR5 agonists.
AID179948	Inhibition of [3H]AMPA binding in rat brain membrane was evaluated	1985	Journal of medicinal chemistry, May, Volume: 28, Issue:5	Ibotenic acid analogues. Synthesis, molecular flexibility, and in vitro activity of agonists and antagonists at central glutamic acid receptors.
AID297355	Agonist activity at GluR1 E683A mutant expressed in HEK293 cells by Fluo-4/Ca2+ assay	2007	Journal of medicinal chemistry, Aug-23, Volume: 50, Issue:17	Functional characterization of Tet-AMPA [tetrazolyl-2-amino-3-(3-hydroxy-5-methyl- 4-isoxazolyl)propionic acid] analogues at ionotropic glutamate receptors GluR1-GluR4. The molecular basis for the functional selectivity profile of 2-Bn-Tet-AMPA.
AID339883	Activity at rat NR1/NR2D receptor expressed in Xenopus oocytes assessed as effect on glutamate-induced current by two voltage clamp electrophysiology	2008	Journal of medicinal chemistry, Jul-24, Volume: 51, Issue:14	N-Hydroxypyrazolyl glycine derivatives as selective N-methyl-D-aspartic acid receptor ligands.
AID1553725	Agonist activity at GluA1 receptor (unknown origin) expressed in HEK293 cells assessed induction of S-glutamate-induced calcium flux measured after 90 secs in presence of cyclothiazide by Fluo4-AM dye-based fluorescence assay	2019	Journal of medicinal chemistry, 05-09, Volume: 62, Issue:9	Use of the 4-Hydroxytriazole Moiety as a Bioisosteric Tool in the Development of Ionotropic Glutamate Receptor Ligands.
AID1698637	Displacement of [3H]KA from rat brain cortical membranes Kainate receptor incubated for 30 mins by equilibrium binding assay	2020	Journal of natural products, 10-23, Volume: 83, Issue:10	Diverse Aromatic Metabolites in the Solitary Tunicate
AID477122	Agonist activity at recombinant GluA1A2 receptor flop isoform expressed in Xenopus oocytes	2010	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry, Feb-15, Volume: 18, Issue:4	Developing a complete pharmacology for AMPA receptors: a perspective on subtype-selective ligands.
AID422608	Agonist activity at rat recombinant GluR2(Q) RNA-edited isoform expressed in HEK293 cells assessed as increase in intracellular calcium level by Fluo-4/AM assay	2009	Journal of medicinal chemistry, Aug-13, Volume: 52, Issue:15	The glutamate receptor GluR5 agonist (S)-2-amino-3-(3-hydroxy-7,8-dihydro-6H-cyclohepta[d]isoxazol-4-yl)propionic acid and the 8-methyl analogue: synthesis, molecular pharmacology, and biostructural characterization.
AID723872	Displacement of [3H]-(2S,4R)-4-methylglutamic acid from full length recombinant rat GluK3 receptor expressed in sf9 cells by liquid scintillation counting	2013	Journal of medicinal chemistry, Feb-28, Volume: 56, Issue:4	Chemoenzymatic synthesis of new 2,4-syn-functionalized (S)-glutamate analogues and structure-activity relationship studies at ionotropic glutamate receptors and excitatory amino acid transporters.
AID168915	In vitro binding affinity against synaptic membrane from rat brain using [3H]-AMPA as the radioligand	1989	Journal of medicinal chemistry, Oct, Volume: 32, Issue:10	Excitatory amino acid agonists. Enzymic resolution, X-ray structure, and enantioselective activities of (R)- and (S)-bromohomoibotenic acid.
AID500825	Induction of nitrogen-starved wild type sigma1278b yeast Gap1-mediated trehalose activation at 10 mM	2009	Nature chemical biology, Jan, Volume: 5, Issue:1	Transport and signaling via the amino acid binding site of the yeast Gap1 amino acid transceptor.
AID1573528	Cytoprotection against glutamate-induced cell death in CHO cells assessed as increase in cell viability by colorimetric assay	2018	Journal of medicinal chemistry, 11-21, Volume: 61, Issue:22	Biased Ligands of G Protein-Coupled Receptors (GPCRs): Structure-Functional Selectivity Relationships (SFSRs) and Therapeutic Potential.
AID723874	Displacement of [3H]-(2S,4R)-4-methylglutamic acid from full length recombinant rat GluKK1(Q)1b receptor expressed in sf9 cells by liquid scintillation counting	2013	Journal of medicinal chemistry, Feb-28, Volume: 56, Issue:4	Chemoenzymatic synthesis of new 2,4-syn-functionalized (S)-glutamate analogues and structure-activity relationship studies at ionotropic glutamate receptors and excitatory amino acid transporters.
AID75021	The effective concentration for 50% glutamate response was measured on Group II Metabotropic glutamate receptor	1999	Journal of medicinal chemistry, Jul-29, Volume: 42, Issue:15	Pharmacophore models of group I and group II metabotropic glutamate receptor agonists. Analysis of conformational, steric, and topological parameters affecting potency and selectivity.
AID93243	Effective concentration against GluR5 expressed in HEK293 cells	2000	Journal of medicinal chemistry, May-18, Volume: 43, Issue:10	4-Alkyl- and 4-cinnamylglutamic acid analogues are potent GluR5 kainate receptor agonists.
AID391445	Displacement of (R,S)-[5-methyl-3H]AMPA from rat recombinant flop iGluR4 expressed in Sf9 cells	2008	Journal of medicinal chemistry, Oct-23, Volume: 51, Issue:20	1H-cyclopentapyrimidine-2,4(1H,3H)-dione-related ionotropic glutamate receptors ligands. structure-activity relationships and identification of potent and Selective iGluR5 modulators.
AID411488	Displacement of [3H]kainic acid from kainate receptor in rat brain membranes	2009	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry, Jan-01, Volume: 17, Issue:1	Design, synthesis and biological evaluation of novel bicyclo[1.1.1]pentane-based omega-acidic amino acids as glutamate receptors ligands.
AID1289825	Agonist activity at rat mGlu7 receptor expressed in HEK293 cells assessed as IP1 accumulation by IP-One functional assay	2016	Journal of medicinal chemistry, Feb-11, Volume: 59, Issue:3	New 4-Functionalized Glutamate Analogues Are Selective Agonists at Metabotropic Glutamate Receptor Subtype 2 or Selective Agonists at Metabotropic Glutamate Receptor Group III.
AID355928	Displacement of [3H]CGP39653 from NMDA receptor in Sprague-Dawley rat brain membrane	2003	Journal of natural products, Jun, Volume: 66, Issue:6	Isolations of N-methyl-D-aspartic acid-type glutamate receptor ligands from Micronesian sponges.
AID92041	Percent control measured by evaluating the inhibition of 3 nM [125I]PhTX-343-lysine binding to glutamate receptors in rat cortical membranes	1991	Journal of medicinal chemistry, Aug, Volume: 34, Issue:8	Synthesis and binding of [125I2]philanthotoxin-343, [125I2]philanthotoxin-343-lysine, and [125I2]philanthotoxin-343-arginine to rat brain membranes.
AID478469	Displacement of [3H]SYM2081 from rat iGluR7 receptor expressed in Sf9 cells baculovirus system after 1 to 2 hrs by liquid scintillation counting	2010	Journal of medicinal chemistry, May-27, Volume: 53, Issue:10	4-hydroxy-1,2,5-oxadiazol-3-yl moiety as bioisoster of the carboxy function. Synthesis, ionization constants, and molecular pharmacological characterization at ionotropic glutamate receptors of compounds related to glutamate and its homologues.
AID74817	Agonistic activity of compound on Glutamate receptor 5 using cell membranes prepared from HEK293 cells was expressed as percentage Rmax	2000	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters, Aug-21, Volume: 10, Issue:16	4-Alkylidenyl glutamic acids, potent and selective GluR5 agonists.
AID107403	Concentration for half maximal activation of metabotropic glutamate mGluR8 in mouse	1995	Journal of medicinal chemistry, Apr-28, Volume: 38, Issue:9	Metabotropic glutamate receptors: novel targets for drug development.
AID478467	Displacement of [3H]SYM2081 from rat iGluR5 receptor expressed in Sf9 cells baculovirus system after 1 to 2 hrs by liquid scintillation counting	2010	Journal of medicinal chemistry, May-27, Volume: 53, Issue:10	4-hydroxy-1,2,5-oxadiazol-3-yl moiety as bioisoster of the carboxy function. Synthesis, ionization constants, and molecular pharmacological characterization at ionotropic glutamate receptors of compounds related to glutamate and its homologues.
AID477557	Agonist activity at recombinant GluA1 receptor flip isoform expressed in Xenopus oocytes co-expressing gamma2-TARP	2010	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry, Feb-15, Volume: 18, Issue:4	Developing a complete pharmacology for AMPA receptors: a perspective on subtype-selective ligands.
AID1398361	Trans-stimulation of human LAT1 expressed in TREx HEK293 cells assessed as induction of [3H]-gabapentin efflux at 200 uM after 3 mins by scintillation counting analysis relative to L-phenylalanine	2018	Journal of medicinal chemistry, 08-23, Volume: 61, Issue:16	Reevaluating the Substrate Specificity of the L-Type Amino Acid Transporter (LAT1).
AID751741	Displacement of [3H]Kainic acid from kainate receptor in Wistar rat brain at 10 uM after 60 mins relative to control	2013	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters, Mar-15, Volume: 23, Issue:6	Cinnamides as selective small-molecule inhibitors of a cellular model of breast cancer stem cells.
AID26636	The dissociation constant at alpha-carboxyl group in water at 20 degree Centigrade. (evaluated by Uyeno., Y et. al.)	1999	Journal of medicinal chemistry, Oct-07, Volume: 42, Issue:20	Synthesis and enantiopharmacology of new AMPA-kainate receptor agonists.
AID93250	Binding affinity against human ionotropic glutamate receptor kainate 1 in HK293 cells using [3H]kainate as radioligand	2000	Journal of medicinal chemistry, May-18, Volume: 43, Issue:10	4-Alkyl- and 4-cinnamylglutamic acid analogues are potent GluR5 kainate receptor agonists.
AID1289812	Agonist activity at rat mGlu1 receptor expressed in HEK293 cells by intracellular Ca2+ mobilization assay	2016	Journal of medicinal chemistry, Feb-11, Volume: 59, Issue:3	New 4-Functionalized Glutamate Analogues Are Selective Agonists at Metabotropic Glutamate Receptor Subtype 2 or Selective Agonists at Metabotropic Glutamate Receptor Group III.
AID1092307	Herbicidal activity against Vicia faba assessed as 1 mM of L-[3H]theronine uptake in leaf at 10 mM after 1 hr by liquid scintillation counting analysis relative to untreated control	1997	Biochimica et biophysica acta, Aug-29, Volume: 1336, Issue:2	Synthesis and structure-activity relationships of some pesticides with an alpha-amino acid function.
AID107062	Compound was evaluated for the inhibitory activity against cloned Metabotropic glutamate receptor 5	2002	Journal of medicinal chemistry, Sep-12, Volume: 45, Issue:19	Selective agonists at group II metabotropic glutamate receptors: synthesis, stereochemistry, and molecular pharmacology of (S)- and (R)-2-amino-4-(4-hydroxy[1,2,5]thiadiazol-3-yl)butyric acid.
AID681113	TP_TRANSPORTER: inhibition of L-tryptophan uptake in Xenopus laevis oocytes	2001	The Journal of biological chemistry, May-18, Volume: 276, Issue:20	Expression cloning of a Na+-independent aromatic amino acid transporter with structural similarity to H+/monocarboxylate transporters.
AID108839	Agonist activity in rat at Metabotropic glutamate receptor 2 expressed in HEK293 cells	2001	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters, Jun-18, Volume: 11, Issue:12	New probes of the agonist binding site of metabotropic glutamate receptors.
AID295063	Activity at rat recombinant mGluR6 expressed in CHO cells assessed as cAMP production	2007	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry, May-01, Volume: 15, Issue:9	Synthesis and preliminary pharmacological evaluation of the four stereoisomers of (2S)-2-(2'-phosphono-3'-phenylcyclopropyl)glycine, the first class of 3'-substituted trans C1'-2'-2-(2'-phosphonocyclopropyl)glycines.
AID108660	Effect of compound on Metabotropic glutamate receptor 1 expressed in HEK 293 cells was determined by measuring IP production relative to glutamate	2000	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters, Jan-17, Volume: 10, Issue:2	First enantiospecific synthesis of a 3,4-dihydroxy-L-glutamic acid [(3S,4S)-DHGA], a new mGluR1 agonist.
AID477121	Agonist activity at recombinant GluA3 receptor flop isoform expressed in Xenopus oocytes	2010	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry, Feb-15, Volume: 18, Issue:4	Developing a complete pharmacology for AMPA receptors: a perspective on subtype-selective ligands.
AID723873	Displacement of [3H]-(2S,4R)-4-methylglutamic acid from full length recombinant rat GluKK2(VCR) receptor expressed in sf9 cells by liquid scintillation counting	2013	Journal of medicinal chemistry, Feb-28, Volume: 56, Issue:4	Chemoenzymatic synthesis of new 2,4-syn-functionalized (S)-glutamate analogues and structure-activity relationship studies at ionotropic glutamate receptors and excitatory amino acid transporters.
AID1290112	Agonist activity at recombinant rat GluA1 receptor flip isoform expressed in Xenopus laevis oocytes by two-electrode voltage clamp assay	2016	Journal of medicinal chemistry, Mar-10, Volume: 59, Issue:5	Tweaking Subtype Selectivity and Agonist Efficacy at (S)-2-Amino-3-(3-hydroxy-5-methyl-isoxazol-4-yl)propionic acid (AMPA) Receptors in a Small Series of BnTetAMPA Analogues.
AID1207055	Agonist activity at rat mGluR8 expressed in HEK293 cells assessed as induction of inositol phosphate production by HTRF assay	2015	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters, Jun-15, Volume: 25, Issue:12	Synthesis and studies on the mGluR agonist activity of FAP4 stereoisomers.
AID108669	Inhibition of c-AMP by human Metabotropic glutamate receptor 2 (mGluR2) expressed in non-neuronal cells	2002	Journal of medicinal chemistry, Aug-15, Volume: 45, Issue:17	(2S,1'S,2'S,3'R)-2-(2'-carboxy-3'-methylcyclopropyl) glycine is a potent and selective metabotropic group 2 receptor agonist with anxiolytic properties.
AID109003	Agonistic activity at mGlu2 receptor expressed in CHO cells	1996	Journal of medicinal chemistry, Aug-02, Volume: 39, Issue:16	A new highly selective metabotropic excitatory amino acid agonist: 2-amino-4-(3-hydroxy-5-methylisoxazol-4-yl)butyric acid.
AID26351	pKa value was determined	1982	Journal of medicinal chemistry, Dec, Volume: 25, Issue:12	Methotrexate analogues. 16. Importance of the side-chain amide carbonyl group as a structural determinant of biological activity.
AID231223	Potency at metabotropic glutamate receptor 1, measured as the ratio of EC50 to IC50	2002	Journal of medicinal chemistry, Jul-18, Volume: 45, Issue:15	Common and selective molecular determinants involved in metabotopic glutamate receptor agonist activity.
AID93111	Displacement of [3H]AMPA from human Ionotropic glutamate receptor AMPA 4 expressed in HEK293 cells	1997	Journal of medicinal chemistry, Oct-24, Volume: 40, Issue:22	Synthesis of willardiine and 6-azawillardiine analogs: pharmacological characterization on cloned homomeric human AMPA and kainate receptor subtypes.
AID1553728	Agonist activity at GluA4 receptor (unknown origin) expressed in HEK293 cells assessed induction of S-glutamate-induced calcium flux measured after 90 secs in presence of cyclothiazide by Fluo4-AM dye-based fluorescence assay	2019	Journal of medicinal chemistry, 05-09, Volume: 62, Issue:9	Use of the 4-Hydroxytriazole Moiety as a Bioisosteric Tool in the Development of Ionotropic Glutamate Receptor Ligands.
AID298027	Displacement of [3H]kainic acid from rat KA receptor expressed in BHK cells	2007	Journal of medicinal chemistry, Sep-20, Volume: 50, Issue:19	Synthesis, molecular modeling studies, and preliminary pharmacological characterization of all possible 2-(2'-sulfonocyclopropyl)glycine stereoisomers as conformationally constrained L-homocysteic acid analogs.
AID258677	Activity at human mGluR2 from BHK cells in [35S]GTP-gamma-S stimulation assay	2006	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters, Jan-01, Volume: 16, Issue:1	Synthesis and preliminary biological evaluation of (2S,1'R,2'S)- and (2S,1'S,2'R)-2-(2'-phosphonocyclopropyl)glycines, two novel conformationally constrained l-AP4 analogues.
AID502882	Binding affinity to Glutamate receptor 2 Y450F mutant S1S2 ligand binding domain assessed as induction protein vibrational state by time resolved FTIR difference spectra method	2005	Nature chemical biology, Nov, Volume: 1, Issue:6	Evolution of glutamate interactions during binding to a glutamate receptor.
AID391447	Displacement of [3H]kainic acid from rat recombinant iGluR6(V,C,R) receptor expressed in Sf9 cells	2008	Journal of medicinal chemistry, Oct-23, Volume: 51, Issue:20	1H-cyclopentapyrimidine-2,4(1H,3H)-dione-related ionotropic glutamate receptors ligands. structure-activity relationships and identification of potent and Selective iGluR5 modulators.
AID1247444	Agonist activity at human recombinant mGlu3 receptor Q306L and Q306L mutant expressed in AV12 cells assessed as stimulation of Ca2+ mobilization after 1 hr by FLIPR assay relative to glutamate	2015	Journal of medicinal chemistry, Sep-24, Volume: 58, Issue:18	Synthesis and Pharmacological Characterization of C4-(Thiotriazolyl)-substituted-2-aminobicyclo[3.1.0]hexane-2,6-dicarboxylates. Identification of (1R,2S,4R,5R,6R)-2-Amino-4-(1H-1,2,4-triazol-3-ylsulfanyl)bicyclo[3.1.0]hexane-2,6-dicarboxylic Acid (LY2812
AID257131	Binding affinity to human EAAT1 expressed in HEK293 cells in FMP (FLPR) assay	2005	Journal of medicinal chemistry, Dec-15, Volume: 48, Issue:25	Chemoenzymatic synthesis of a series of 4-substituted glutamate analogues and pharmacological characterization at human glutamate transporters subtypes 1-3.
AID295060	Activity at rat recombinant mGluR5 expressed in CHO cells assessed as intracellular calcium concentration	2007	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry, May-01, Volume: 15, Issue:9	Synthesis and preliminary pharmacological evaluation of the four stereoisomers of (2S)-2-(2'-phosphono-3'-phenylcyclopropyl)glycine, the first class of 3'-substituted trans C1'-2'-2-(2'-phosphonocyclopropyl)glycines.
AID144621	Inhibition of N-methyl-D-aspartate glutamate receptor by using [3H]CPP as a radioligand from the rat cortical membranes.	1990	Journal of medicinal chemistry, Oct, Volume: 33, Issue:10	New and versatile approaches to the synthesis of CPP-related competitive NMDA antagonists. Preliminary structure-activity relationships and pharmacological evaluation.
AID231225	Potency at metabotropic glutamate receptor 4, measured as the ratio of EC50 to IC50	2002	Journal of medicinal chemistry, Jul-18, Volume: 45, Issue:15	Common and selective molecular determinants involved in metabotopic glutamate receptor agonist activity.
AID503016	Agonist activity at iGluR6 L439C mutant expressed in human HEK293 cells assessed as increase in intracellular Ca2+ levels at 1 mM by FURA-2-M staining based fluorimetric method	2006	Nature chemical biology, Jan, Volume: 2, Issue:1	Allosteric control of an ionotropic glutamate receptor with an optical switch.
AID26845	The dissociation constant at omega-carboxyl or hydroxyl group iin water at 20 degree Centigrade. (evaluated by Uyeno., Y et. al.)	1999	Journal of medicinal chemistry, Oct-07, Volume: 42, Issue:20	Synthesis and enantiopharmacology of new AMPA-kainate receptor agonists.
AID257132	Binding affinity to human EAAT2 expressed in HEK293 cells in FMP (FLPR) assay	2005	Journal of medicinal chemistry, Dec-15, Volume: 48, Issue:25	Chemoenzymatic synthesis of a series of 4-substituted glutamate analogues and pharmacological characterization at human glutamate transporters subtypes 1-3.
AID30257	Effect of pretreatment on the Acetylcholinesterase (AChE) activity when exposed to glutamate	2000	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters, Nov-06, Volume: 10, Issue:21	Synthesis, chiral chromatographic separation, and biological activities of the enantiomers of 10,10-dimethylhuperzine A.
AID1290114	Agonist activity at recombinant rat GluA2(Q) receptor flip isoform expressed in Xenopus laevis oocytes by two-electrode voltage clamp assay	2016	Journal of medicinal chemistry, Mar-10, Volume: 59, Issue:5	Tweaking Subtype Selectivity and Agonist Efficacy at (S)-2-Amino-3-(3-hydroxy-5-methyl-isoxazol-4-yl)propionic acid (AMPA) Receptors in a Small Series of BnTetAMPA Analogues.
AID108506	Ratio between EC50 of compound and glutamate measured against metabotropic glutamate receptor 1	1999	Journal of medicinal chemistry, May-06, Volume: 42, Issue:9	Agonist selectivity of mGluR1 and mGluR2 metabotropic receptors: a different environment but similar recognition of an extended glutamate conformation.
AID1362498	Agonist activity at Gi-coupled mGluR2 (unknown origin) expressed in CHO cells assessed as increase in cAMP accumulation after 1 hr by glosensor based luciferase reporter gene assay relative to control	2018	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry, 09-15, Volume: 26, Issue:17	Isoxazolo[3,4-d]pyridazinones positively modulate the metabotropic glutamate subtypes 2 and 4.
AID339879	Displacement of [3H]CGP39653 from NMDA receptor in rat cortical synaptosome	2008	Journal of medicinal chemistry, Jul-24, Volume: 51, Issue:14	N-Hydroxypyrazolyl glycine derivatives as selective N-methyl-D-aspartic acid receptor ligands.
AID734755	Inhibition of human hexahistidine-tagged full-length FTO expressed in Escherichia coli BL21 (DE3) using 3-methylthymidine as substrate assessed as inhibition of 3-methylthymidine conversion to thymidine after 1 hr by liquid chromatographic analysis	2013	Journal of medicinal chemistry, May-09, Volume: 56, Issue:9	Structural basis for inhibition of the fat mass and obesity associated protein (FTO).
AID146057	Effective concentration against NR1/NR2A receptor	2000	Journal of medicinal chemistry, Jul-13, Volume: 43, Issue:14	Ligands for glutamate receptors: design and therapeutic prospects.
AID108354	Phosphoinositide hydrolysis by human Metabotropic glutamate receptor 1 (mGluR1) expressed in non-neuronal cells	2002	Journal of medicinal chemistry, Aug-15, Volume: 45, Issue:17	(2S,1'S,2'S,3'R)-2-(2'-carboxy-3'-methylcyclopropyl) glycine is a potent and selective metabotropic group 2 receptor agonist with anxiolytic properties.
AID439883	Agonist activity at recombinant GluR6	2010	European journal of medicinal chemistry, Jan, Volume: 45, Issue:1	Substituted 2-aminothiopen-derivatives: a potential new class of GluR6-antagonists.
AID82377	Effective concentration against Dorsal root ganglia (DRG) neurones	2000	Journal of medicinal chemistry, May-18, Volume: 43, Issue:10	4-Alkyl- and 4-cinnamylglutamic acid analogues are potent GluR5 kainate receptor agonists.
AID477120	Agonist activity at recombinant GluA2 receptor flop isoform expressed in Xenopus oocytes	2010	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry, Feb-15, Volume: 18, Issue:4	Developing a complete pharmacology for AMPA receptors: a perspective on subtype-selective ligands.
AID107064	Concentration for half maximal activation of metabotropic glutamate mGluR5b in rat	1995	Journal of medicinal chemistry, Apr-28, Volume: 38, Issue:9	Metabotropic glutamate receptors: novel targets for drug development.
AID339878	Displacement of [3H]KAIN from KA receptor in rat cortical synaptosome	2008	Journal of medicinal chemistry, Jul-24, Volume: 51, Issue:14	N-Hydroxypyrazolyl glycine derivatives as selective N-methyl-D-aspartic acid receptor ligands.
AID108645	Agonistic activity at mGlu1-alpha receptor expressed in CHO cells	1996	Journal of medicinal chemistry, Aug-02, Volume: 39, Issue:16	A new highly selective metabotropic excitatory amino acid agonist: 2-amino-4-(3-hydroxy-5-methylisoxazol-4-yl)butyric acid.
AID109465	Compound was evaluated for the inhibitory activity against cloned Metabotropic glutamate receptor 4	2002	Journal of medicinal chemistry, Sep-12, Volume: 45, Issue:19	Selective agonists at group II metabotropic glutamate receptors: synthesis, stereochemistry, and molecular pharmacology of (S)- and (R)-2-amino-4-(4-hydroxy[1,2,5]thiadiazol-3-yl)butyric acid.
AID339880	Activity at rat recombinant NR1/NR2A receptor expressed in Xenopus oocytes assessed as effect on glutamate-induced current by two voltage clamp electrophysiology	2008	Journal of medicinal chemistry, Jul-24, Volume: 51, Issue:14	N-Hydroxypyrazolyl glycine derivatives as selective N-methyl-D-aspartic acid receptor ligands.
AID1289819	Agonist activity at rat mGlu1 receptor expressed in HEK293 cells assessed as IP1 accumulation by IP-One functional assay	2016	Journal of medicinal chemistry, Feb-11, Volume: 59, Issue:3	New 4-Functionalized Glutamate Analogues Are Selective Agonists at Metabotropic Glutamate Receptor Subtype 2 or Selective Agonists at Metabotropic Glutamate Receptor Group III.
AID1247443	Agonist activity at human recombinant mGlu3 receptor D279E and Q306L mutant expressed in AV12 cells assessed as stimulation of Ca2+ mobilization after 1 hr by FLIPR assay	2015	Journal of medicinal chemistry, Sep-24, Volume: 58, Issue:18	Synthesis and Pharmacological Characterization of C4-(Thiotriazolyl)-substituted-2-aminobicyclo[3.1.0]hexane-2,6-dicarboxylates. Identification of (1R,2S,4R,5R,6R)-2-Amino-4-(1H-1,2,4-triazol-3-ylsulfanyl)bicyclo[3.1.0]hexane-2,6-dicarboxylic Acid (LY2812
AID566255	Inhibition of rat AMPA receptor	2010	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry, Nov-01, Volume: 18, Issue:21	Discovery of {1-[4-(2-{hexahydropyrrolo[3,4-c]pyrrol-2(1H)-yl}-1H-benzimidazol-1-yl)piperidin-1-yl]cyclooctyl}methanol, systemically potent novel non-peptide agonist of nociceptin/orphanin FQ receptor as analgesic for the treatment of neuropathic pain: de
AID82378	Whole-cell voltage clamp recordings made from acutely isolated dorsal root ganglion neurons and Rmax value is reported.	2000	Journal of medicinal chemistry, May-18, Volume: 43, Issue:10	4-Alkyl- and 4-cinnamylglutamic acid analogues are potent GluR5 kainate receptor agonists.
AID168917	In vitro binding affinity against synaptic membrane from rat brain using [3H]KAIN as the radioligand	1989	Journal of medicinal chemistry, Oct, Volume: 32, Issue:10	Excitatory amino acid agonists. Enzymic resolution, X-ray structure, and enantioselective activities of (R)- and (S)-bromohomoibotenic acid.
AID26874	The dissociation constant at ammonium group in water at 20 degree Centigrade. (evaluated by Uyeno., Y et. al.)	1999	Journal of medicinal chemistry, Oct-07, Volume: 42, Issue:20	Synthesis and enantiopharmacology of new AMPA-kainate receptor agonists.
AID1092309	Herbicidal activity against Vicia faba assessed as 1 mM of L-[3H]theronine uptake in leaf at 1 mM after 1 hr by liquid scintillation counting analysis relative to untreated control	1997	Biochimica et biophysica acta, Aug-29, Volume: 1336, Issue:2	Synthesis and structure-activity relationships of some pesticides with an alpha-amino acid function.
AID66956	Steady state transport rate by EAAC1 (EAAT3) in mammalian cells	2001	Journal of medicinal chemistry, Aug-02, Volume: 44, Issue:16	A rational approach to the design of selective substrates and potent nontransportable inhibitors of the excitatory amino acid transporter EAAC1 (EAAT3). new glutamate and aspartate analogues as potential neuroprotective agents.
AID1289829	Agonist activity at rat mGlu3 receptor by FRET based mGlu sensor assay	2016	Journal of medicinal chemistry, Feb-11, Volume: 59, Issue:3	New 4-Functionalized Glutamate Analogues Are Selective Agonists at Metabotropic Glutamate Receptor Subtype 2 or Selective Agonists at Metabotropic Glutamate Receptor Group III.
AID1247442	Agonist activity at human recombinant mGlu3 receptor Q306L mutant expressed in AV12 cells assessed as stimulation of Ca2+ mobilization after 1 hr by FLIPR assay relative to glutamate	2015	Journal of medicinal chemistry, Sep-24, Volume: 58, Issue:18	Synthesis and Pharmacological Characterization of C4-(Thiotriazolyl)-substituted-2-aminobicyclo[3.1.0]hexane-2,6-dicarboxylates. Identification of (1R,2S,4R,5R,6R)-2-Amino-4-(1H-1,2,4-triazol-3-ylsulfanyl)bicyclo[3.1.0]hexane-2,6-dicarboxylic Acid (LY2812
AID222323	Antagonistic activity against stimulation of GTP (gamma) 35 S binding by glutamate in membranes from CHO cells expressing human mGluR2	2001	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters, Dec-17, Volume: 11, Issue:24	Design, synthesis and preliminary evaluation of novel 3'-substituted carboxycyclopropylglycines as antagonists at group 2 metabotropic glutamate receptors.
AID339885	Activity at rat recombinant NR1/NR2C receptor expressed in Xenopus oocytes assessed as effect on glutamate-induced current by two voltage clamp electrophysiology	2008	Journal of medicinal chemistry, Jul-24, Volume: 51, Issue:14	N-Hydroxypyrazolyl glycine derivatives as selective N-methyl-D-aspartic acid receptor ligands.
AID1289822	Agonist activity at mGlu3 receptor (unknown origin) expressed in HEK293 cells assessed as IP1 accumulation by IP-One functional assay	2016	Journal of medicinal chemistry, Feb-11, Volume: 59, Issue:3	New 4-Functionalized Glutamate Analogues Are Selective Agonists at Metabotropic Glutamate Receptor Subtype 2 or Selective Agonists at Metabotropic Glutamate Receptor Group III.
AID93254	Displacement of [3H]kainate from human Ionotropic glutamate receptor ionotropic kainate 1 expressed in HEK293 cells	1997	Journal of medicinal chemistry, Oct-24, Volume: 40, Issue:22	Synthesis of willardiine and 6-azawillardiine analogs: pharmacological characterization on cloned homomeric human AMPA and kainate receptor subtypes.
AID109477	Compound was tested for the inhibition of Metabotropic glutamate receptor 4	1998	Journal of medicinal chemistry, May-07, Volume: 41, Issue:10	Synthesis and biology of the conformationally restricted ACPD analogue, 2-aminobicyclo[2.1.1]hexane-2,5-dicarboxylic acid-I, a potent mGluR agonist.
AID146060	Effective concentration against NR1/NR2B receptor	2000	Journal of medicinal chemistry, Jul-13, Volume: 43, Issue:14	Ligands for glutamate receptors: design and therapeutic prospects.
AID231224	Potency at metabotropic glutamate receptor 2, measured as the ratio of EC50 to IC50	2002	Journal of medicinal chemistry, Jul-18, Volume: 45, Issue:15	Common and selective molecular determinants involved in metabotopic glutamate receptor agonist activity.
AID92952	Binding affinity of compound was determined against Ionotropic glutamate receptor AMPA 1 using cell membranes prepared from HEK293 cells	2000	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters, Aug-21, Volume: 10, Issue:16	4-Alkylidenyl glutamic acids, potent and selective GluR5 agonists.
AID1247429	Agonist activity at wild type human recombinant mGlu2 receptor expressed in AV12 cells assessed as stimulation of Ca2+ mobilization after 1 hr by FLIPR assay	2015	Journal of medicinal chemistry, Sep-24, Volume: 58, Issue:18	Synthesis and Pharmacological Characterization of C4-(Thiotriazolyl)-substituted-2-aminobicyclo[3.1.0]hexane-2,6-dicarboxylates. Identification of (1R,2S,4R,5R,6R)-2-Amino-4-(1H-1,2,4-triazol-3-ylsulfanyl)bicyclo[3.1.0]hexane-2,6-dicarboxylic Acid (LY2812
AID239119	Displacement of L-[3H]glutamate from N-methyl-D-aspartate glutamate receptor in rat brain synaptic membranes	2005	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters, May-02, Volume: 15, Issue:9	Analogues of the neuroprotective tripeptide Gly-Pro-Glu (GPE): synthesis and structure-activity relationships.
AID1247434	Agonist activity at human recombinant mGlu2 receptor L300Q mutant expressed in AV12 cells assessed as stimulation of Ca2+ mobilization after 1 hr by FLIPR assay relative to glutamate	2015	Journal of medicinal chemistry, Sep-24, Volume: 58, Issue:18	Synthesis and Pharmacological Characterization of C4-(Thiotriazolyl)-substituted-2-aminobicyclo[3.1.0]hexane-2,6-dicarboxylates. Identification of (1R,2S,4R,5R,6R)-2-Amino-4-(1H-1,2,4-triazol-3-ylsulfanyl)bicyclo[3.1.0]hexane-2,6-dicarboxylic Acid (LY2812
AID611782	Agonist activity at rat GluK2 mutant expressed in Xenopus oocytes by two-electrode voltage-clamp electrophysiology	2011	Journal of medicinal chemistry, Jul-14, Volume: 54, Issue:13	Selective kainate receptor (GluK1) ligands structurally based upon 1H-cyclopentapyrimidin-2,4(1H,3H)-dione: synthesis, molecular modeling, and pharmacological and biostructural characterization.
AID262629	Induction of calcium influx in HEK293 cells expressing human GLUK5/GLUK6 by FLIPR assay	2006	Journal of medicinal chemistry, Apr-20, Volume: 49, Issue:8	Structure-activity relationship studies on N3-substituted willardiine derivatives acting as AMPA or kainate receptor antagonists.
AID1207051	Agonist activity at rat mGluR4 expressed in HEK293 cells assessed as induction of inositol phosphate production by HTRF assay	2015	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters, Jun-15, Volume: 25, Issue:12	Synthesis and studies on the mGluR agonist activity of FAP4 stereoisomers.
AID108357	Concentration for half maximal activation of metabotropic glutamate mGluR1b in human	1995	Journal of medicinal chemistry, Apr-28, Volume: 38, Issue:9	Metabotropic glutamate receptors: novel targets for drug development.
AID25112	Acid dissociation constant was calculated (3 determinations)	1997	Journal of medicinal chemistry, Feb-14, Volume: 40, Issue:4	AMPA receptor agonists: synthesis, protolytic properties, and pharmacology of 3-isothiazolol bioisosteres of glutamic acid.
AID298024	Binding affinity to mGluR5 receptor expressed in BHK cells	2007	Journal of medicinal chemistry, Sep-20, Volume: 50, Issue:19	Synthesis, molecular modeling studies, and preliminary pharmacological characterization of all possible 2-(2'-sulfonocyclopropyl)glycine stereoisomers as conformationally constrained L-homocysteic acid analogs.
AID723876	Displacement of [3H]CGP39653 from NMDA receptor in rat brain cortex after 60 mins by Packard TopCount microplate scintillator counting	2013	Journal of medicinal chemistry, Feb-28, Volume: 56, Issue:4	Chemoenzymatic synthesis of new 2,4-syn-functionalized (S)-glutamate analogues and structure-activity relationship studies at ionotropic glutamate receptors and excitatory amino acid transporters.
AID179581	In vitro binding affinity against synaptic membrane from rat brain using [3H](S)-Glu as the radioligand	1989	Journal of medicinal chemistry, Oct, Volume: 32, Issue:10	Excitatory amino acid agonists. Enzymic resolution, X-ray structure, and enantioselective activities of (R)- and (S)-bromohomoibotenic acid.
AID327309	Activity of Helicobacter pylori MurI A75T mutant	2007	Nature, Jun-14, Volume: 447, Issue:7146	Exploitation of structural and regulatory diversity in glutamate racemases.
AID477124	Agonist activity at recombinant GluA4 receptor flop isoform expressed in Xenopus oocytes	2010	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry, Feb-15, Volume: 18, Issue:4	Developing a complete pharmacology for AMPA receptors: a perspective on subtype-selective ligands.
AID262622	Displacement of [3H]kainate from rat GLUK6 expressed in HEK293 cells	2006	Journal of medicinal chemistry, Apr-20, Volume: 49, Issue:8	Structure-activity relationship studies on N3-substituted willardiine derivatives acting as AMPA or kainate receptor antagonists.
AID477119	Agonist activity at recombinant GluA1 receptor flop isoform expressed in Xenopus oocytes	2010	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry, Feb-15, Volume: 18, Issue:4	Developing a complete pharmacology for AMPA receptors: a perspective on subtype-selective ligands.
AID411489	Displacement of [3H]Quisqualate from human mGluR1A receptor expressed in BHK cells	2009	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry, Jan-01, Volume: 17, Issue:1	Design, synthesis and biological evaluation of novel bicyclo[1.1.1]pentane-based omega-acidic amino acids as glutamate receptors ligands.
AID298026	Displacement of [3H]CGP-39653 from rat NMDA receptor expressed in BHK cells	2007	Journal of medicinal chemistry, Sep-20, Volume: 50, Issue:19	Synthesis, molecular modeling studies, and preliminary pharmacological characterization of all possible 2-(2'-sulfonocyclopropyl)glycine stereoisomers as conformationally constrained L-homocysteic acid analogs.
AID328866	Binding affinity to Pyrococcus horikoshii sodium-coupled aspartate transporter	2007	Nature, Jan-25, Volume: 445, Issue:7126	Coupling substrate and ion binding to extracellular gate of a sodium-dependent aspartate transporter.
AID1289820	Agonist activity at rat mGlu5 receptor expressed in HEK293 cells assessed as IP1 accumulation by IP-One functional assay	2016	Journal of medicinal chemistry, Feb-11, Volume: 59, Issue:3	New 4-Functionalized Glutamate Analogues Are Selective Agonists at Metabotropic Glutamate Receptor Subtype 2 or Selective Agonists at Metabotropic Glutamate Receptor Group III.
AID93407	Ability to bind to Ionotropic glutamate receptor ionotropic kainate 3 was evaluated	2000	Journal of medicinal chemistry, May-18, Volume: 43, Issue:10	4-Alkyl- and 4-cinnamylglutamic acid analogues are potent GluR5 kainate receptor agonists.
AID145038	Inhibition of [3H]CPP binding to rat N-methyl-D-aspartate glutamate receptor	1992	Journal of medicinal chemistry, Dec-11, Volume: 35, Issue:25	Bioisosteric replacement of the alpha-amino carboxylic acid functionality in 2-amino-5-phosphonopentanoic acid yields unique 3,4-diamino-3-cyclobutene-1,2-dione containing NMDA antagonists.
AID723866	Binding affinity to full length rat GluA3	2013	Journal of medicinal chemistry, Feb-28, Volume: 56, Issue:4	Chemoenzymatic synthesis of new 2,4-syn-functionalized (S)-glutamate analogues and structure-activity relationship studies at ionotropic glutamate receptors and excitatory amino acid transporters.
AID298028	Displacement of [3H]AMPA from rat AMPA receptor expressed in BHK cells	2007	Journal of medicinal chemistry, Sep-20, Volume: 50, Issue:19	Synthesis, molecular modeling studies, and preliminary pharmacological characterization of all possible 2-(2'-sulfonocyclopropyl)glycine stereoisomers as conformationally constrained L-homocysteic acid analogs.
AID57550	Agonistic activity of compound on rat dorsal root ganglion cells was expressed as percentage Rmax	2000	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters, Aug-21, Volume: 10, Issue:16	4-Alkylidenyl glutamic acids, potent and selective GluR5 agonists.
AID477139	Agonist activity at rat recombinant GluA2 receptor flip isoform expressed in HEK293 cells assessed as effect on cyclothiazide-induced calcium flux by Fluo-4/AM staining-based fluorescence assay	2010	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry, Feb-15, Volume: 18, Issue:4	Developing a complete pharmacology for AMPA receptors: a perspective on subtype-selective ligands.
AID144333	Binding affinity for glutamate-stimulated TCP binding site of N-methyl-D-aspartate glutamate receptor from rat brain by using [3H]-TCP as radioligand; ag = agonist	1990	Journal of medicinal chemistry, Oct, Volume: 33, Issue:10	New and versatile approaches to the synthesis of CPP-related competitive NMDA antagonists. Preliminary structure-activity relationships and pharmacological evaluation.
AID723875	Displacement of [3H]AMPA from full length recombinant rat GluKA2(R) receptor expressed in sf9 cells by liquid scintillation counting	2013	Journal of medicinal chemistry, Feb-28, Volume: 56, Issue:4	Chemoenzymatic synthesis of new 2,4-syn-functionalized (S)-glutamate analogues and structure-activity relationship studies at ionotropic glutamate receptors and excitatory amino acid transporters.
AID92501	Tested for inhibition of Specific DL-[H]Ionotropic glutamate receptor AMPA binding to rat brain membranes	1983	Journal of medicinal chemistry, Jun, Volume: 26, Issue:6	Enzymic resolution and binding to rat brain membranes of the glutamic acid agonist alpha-amino-3-hydroxy-5-methyl-4-isoxazolepropionic acid.
AID411490	Displacement of [3H]Quisqualate from human mGluR5 receptor expressed in BHK cells	2009	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry, Jan-01, Volume: 17, Issue:1	Design, synthesis and biological evaluation of novel bicyclo[1.1.1]pentane-based omega-acidic amino acids as glutamate receptors ligands.
AID411491	Displacement of [3H]Quisqualate from human mGluR2 receptor expressed in BHK cells	2009	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry, Jan-01, Volume: 17, Issue:1	Design, synthesis and biological evaluation of novel bicyclo[1.1.1]pentane-based omega-acidic amino acids as glutamate receptors ligands.
AID255256	Percent inhibition against AMPA receptor at 1 uM	2005	Journal of medicinal chemistry, Nov-03, Volume: 48, Issue:22	2-n-Butyl-9-methyl-8-[1,2,3]triazol-2-yl-9H-purin-6-ylamine and analogues as A2A adenosine receptor antagonists. Design, synthesis, and pharmacological characterization.
AID107274	Agonist potency against cloned Metabotropic glutamate receptor 8 (mGluR-8).	2000	Journal of medicinal chemistry, Jul-13, Volume: 43, Issue:14	Ligands for glutamate receptors: design and therapeutic prospects.
AID611791	Agonist activity at Non-desensitized homomeric rat GluK1(Q)1b mutant expressed in Xenopus oocytes by two-electrode voltage-clamp electrophysiology	2011	Journal of medicinal chemistry, Jul-14, Volume: 54, Issue:13	Selective kainate receptor (GluK1) ligands structurally based upon 1H-cyclopentapyrimidin-2,4(1H,3H)-dione: synthesis, molecular modeling, and pharmacological and biostructural characterization.
AID93247	Binding affinity of compound was determined against Ionotropic glutamate receptor ionotropic kainate 1 using cell membranes prepared from HEK293 cells	2000	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters, Aug-21, Volume: 10, Issue:16	4-Alkylidenyl glutamic acids, potent and selective GluR5 agonists.
AID1553722	Displacement of [3H]KA from KA receptor in rat brain synaptic cortical membranes after 60 mins by scintillation counting method	2019	Journal of medicinal chemistry, 05-09, Volume: 62, Issue:9	Use of the 4-Hydroxytriazole Moiety as a Bioisosteric Tool in the Development of Ionotropic Glutamate Receptor Ligands.
AID502881	Binding affinity to Glutamate receptor 2 E705D mutant S1S2 ligand binding domain assessed as induction protein vibrational state by time resolved FTIR difference spectra method	2005	Nature chemical biology, Nov, Volume: 1, Issue:6	Evolution of glutamate interactions during binding to a glutamate receptor.
AID108495	Agonist activity in rat at Metabotropic glutamate receptor 1 expressed in HEK293 cells	2001	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters, Jun-18, Volume: 11, Issue:12	New probes of the agonist binding site of metabotropic glutamate receptors.
AID93397	Whole-cell voltage clamp recordings made from HEK293 cells stably transfected with human Ionotropic glutamate receptor ionotropic GluR6.Results are expressed as % of maximum inward current evoked	2000	Journal of medicinal chemistry, May-18, Volume: 43, Issue:10	4-Alkyl- and 4-cinnamylglutamic acid analogues are potent GluR5 kainate receptor agonists.
AID107093	Agonist potency against cloned Metabotropic glutamate receptor 6 (mGluR-6).	2000	Journal of medicinal chemistry, Jul-13, Volume: 43, Issue:14	Ligands for glutamate receptors: design and therapeutic prospects.
AID258681	Displacement of [3H]L-AP4 from rat mGluR4 expressed in BHK cells	2006	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters, Jan-01, Volume: 16, Issue:1	Synthesis and preliminary biological evaluation of (2S,1'R,2'S)- and (2S,1'S,2'R)-2-(2'-phosphonocyclopropyl)glycines, two novel conformationally constrained l-AP4 analogues.
AID93408	Binding affinity of compound was determined against Ionotropic glutamate receptor ionotropic kainate 3 using cell membranes prepared from HEK293 cells	2000	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters, Aug-21, Volume: 10, Issue:16	4-Alkylidenyl glutamic acids, potent and selective GluR5 agonists.
AID723867	Binding affinity to rat GluA3-LBD (GluK3-S1S2)	2013	Journal of medicinal chemistry, Feb-28, Volume: 56, Issue:4	Chemoenzymatic synthesis of new 2,4-syn-functionalized (S)-glutamate analogues and structure-activity relationship studies at ionotropic glutamate receptors and excitatory amino acid transporters.
AID26367	pKa value by 1H NMR titration experiments; pK3	1996	Journal of medicinal chemistry, Jan-19, Volume: 39, Issue:2	Syntheses and conformational analyses of glutamate analogs: 2-(2-carboxy-3-substituted-cyclopropyl)glycines as useful probes for excitatory amino acid receptors.
AID411492	Displacement of [3H]Quisqualate from human mGluR4 receptor expressed in BHK cells	2009	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry, Jan-01, Volume: 17, Issue:1	Design, synthesis and biological evaluation of novel bicyclo[1.1.1]pentane-based omega-acidic amino acids as glutamate receptors ligands.
AID145324	Binding affinity towards NMDA receptor by displacement of [3H]CGP-39653 radioligand.	2001	Journal of medicinal chemistry, Aug-02, Volume: 44, Issue:16	A rational approach to the design of selective substrates and potent nontransportable inhibitors of the excitatory amino acid transporter EAAC1 (EAAT3). new glutamate and aspartate analogues as potential neuroprotective agents.
AID1698636	Displacement of [3H]AMPA from rat brain cortical membranes AMPA receptor incubated for 30 mins by equilibrium binding assay	2020	Journal of natural products, 10-23, Volume: 83, Issue:10	Diverse Aromatic Metabolites in the Solitary Tunicate
AID503019	Agonist activity at MAG conjugated light activated iGluR6 L439C mutant expressed in human HEK293 cells assessed as increase inward currents by whole cell patch clamp method	2006	Nature chemical biology, Jan, Volume: 2, Issue:1	Allosteric control of an ionotropic glutamate receptor with an optical switch.
AID58931	Ischemic myocardial residue fraction of [13N]-labeled amino acid was observed with a single pass uptake technique in open-chest instrumented dogs (control - 8.1+/-3.1)	1981	Journal of medicinal chemistry, Jun, Volume: 24, Issue:6	13N-labeled L-amino acids for in vivo assessment of local myocardial metabolism.
AID295062	Agonist activity at rat recombinant mGluR4 expressed in BHK cells	2007	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry, May-01, Volume: 15, Issue:9	Synthesis and preliminary pharmacological evaluation of the four stereoisomers of (2S)-2-(2'-phosphono-3'-phenylcyclopropyl)glycine, the first class of 3'-substituted trans C1'-2'-2-(2'-phosphonocyclopropyl)glycines.
AID107256	Inhibition of c-AMP by human Metabotropic glutamate receptor 7 (mGluR7) expressed in non-neuronal cells	2002	Journal of medicinal chemistry, Aug-15, Volume: 45, Issue:17	(2S,1'S,2'S,3'R)-2-(2'-carboxy-3'-methylcyclopropyl) glycine is a potent and selective metabotropic group 2 receptor agonist with anxiolytic properties.
AID297360	Agonist activity at GluR1 D399S/E683A mutant expressed in HEK293 cells by Fluo-4/Ca2+ assay	2007	Journal of medicinal chemistry, Aug-23, Volume: 50, Issue:17	Functional characterization of Tet-AMPA [tetrazolyl-2-amino-3-(3-hydroxy-5-methyl- 4-isoxazolyl)propionic acid] analogues at ionotropic glutamate receptors GluR1-GluR4. The molecular basis for the functional selectivity profile of 2-Bn-Tet-AMPA.
AID93565	Binding affinity was measured by [3H]- KAIN receptor binding assay.	1992	Journal of medicinal chemistry, Jan, Volume: 35, Issue:1	Heterocyclic excitatory amino acids. Synthesis and biological activity of novel analogues of AMPA.
AID144321	Compound was evaluated for the inhibition of [3H]MK-801 binding at N-methyl-D-aspartate glutamate receptor	1992	Journal of medicinal chemistry, Nov-27, Volume: 35, Issue:24	DL-tetrazol-5-ylglycine, a highly potent NMDA agonist: its synthesis and NMDA receptor efficacy.
AID258682	Displacement of [3H]LY341495 from rat mGluR8 expressed in BHK cells	2006	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters, Jan-01, Volume: 16, Issue:1	Synthesis and preliminary biological evaluation of (2S,1'R,2'S)- and (2S,1'S,2'R)-2-(2'-phosphonocyclopropyl)glycines, two novel conformationally constrained l-AP4 analogues.
AID1290117	Agonist activity at recombinant rat GluA2 (Q) receptor flip isomer S403D mutant expressed in Xenopus laevis oocytes by two-electrode voltage clamp assay	2016	Journal of medicinal chemistry, Mar-10, Volume: 59, Issue:5	Tweaking Subtype Selectivity and Agonist Efficacy at (S)-2-Amino-3-(3-hydroxy-5-methyl-isoxazol-4-yl)propionic acid (AMPA) Receptors in a Small Series of BnTetAMPA Analogues.
AID109170	Concentration for half maximal activation of metabotropic glutamate mGluR3 in rat	1995	Journal of medicinal chemistry, Apr-28, Volume: 38, Issue:9	Metabotropic glutamate receptors: novel targets for drug development.
AID391442	Displacement of (R,S)-[5-methyl-3H]AMPA from rat recombinant flop iGluR1 expressed in Sf9 cells	2008	Journal of medicinal chemistry, Oct-23, Volume: 51, Issue:20	1H-cyclopentapyrimidine-2,4(1H,3H)-dione-related ionotropic glutamate receptors ligands. structure-activity relationships and identification of potent and Selective iGluR5 modulators.
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AID107260	Concentration for half maximal activation of metabotropic glutamate mGluR7 in human	1995	Journal of medicinal chemistry, Apr-28, Volume: 38, Issue:9	Metabotropic glutamate receptors: novel targets for drug development.
AID1912477	Inhibition of the Excitatory Amino Acid Transporter 1 (EAAT1, SLC1A3) as assessed by a phenotypic impedance-based assay detecting changes in cell morphology by L-glutamate uptake in HEK-293 JumpIN-SLC1A3 cells (PubChem AID: 1745862)
AID108500	Concentration for half maximal activation of metabotropic glutamate mGluR1c in rat	1995	Journal of medicinal chemistry, Apr-28, Volume: 38, Issue:9	Metabotropic glutamate receptors: novel targets for drug development.
AID1553727	Agonist activity at GluA3 receptor (unknown origin) expressed in HEK293 cells assessed induction of S-glutamate-induced calcium flux measured after 90 secs in presence of cyclothiazide by Fluo4-AM dye-based fluorescence assay	2019	Journal of medicinal chemistry, 05-09, Volume: 62, Issue:9	Use of the 4-Hydroxytriazole Moiety as a Bioisosteric Tool in the Development of Ionotropic Glutamate Receptor Ligands.
AID212738	Inhibitory activity against Tetanus neurotoxin (TeNt) light chain by using fluorescent synaptobrevin derivative [Pya88]S 39-88 as substrate at 10e-3 M.	1998	Journal of medicinal chemistry, Aug-27, Volume: 41, Issue:18	Beta-amino-thiols inhibit the zinc metallopeptidase activity of tetanus toxin light chain.
AID258680	Activity at human mGluR7 by measuring cAMP formation in BHK cells	2006	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters, Jan-01, Volume: 16, Issue:1	Synthesis and preliminary biological evaluation of (2S,1'R,2'S)- and (2S,1'S,2'R)-2-(2'-phosphonocyclopropyl)glycines, two novel conformationally constrained l-AP4 analogues.
AID611792	Agonist activity at Non-desensitized homomeric rat GluK1(Q)1b mutant expressed in Xenopus oocytes at 1 mM by two-electrode voltage-clamp electrophysiology	2011	Journal of medicinal chemistry, Jul-14, Volume: 54, Issue:13	Selective kainate receptor (GluK1) ligands structurally based upon 1H-cyclopentapyrimidin-2,4(1H,3H)-dione: synthesis, molecular modeling, and pharmacological and biostructural characterization.
AID503022	Agonist activity at MAG conjugated light activated iGluR6 L439C mutant expressed in human HEK293 cells assessed as increase inward currents at 300 uM by whole cell patch clamp method	2006	Nature chemical biology, Jan, Volume: 2, Issue:1	Allosteric control of an ionotropic glutamate receptor with an optical switch.
AID679723	TP_TRANSPORTER: uptake of Glutamic acid at a concentration of 0.01uM in MCT1-expressing MDA-MB231 cells	1999	The Journal of pharmacy and pharmacology, Oct, Volume: 51, Issue:10	Immunohistochemical and functional characterization of pH-dependent intestinal absorption of weak organic acids by the monocarboxylic acid transporter MCT1.
AID108844	Compound was evaluated for the inhibitory activity against cloned Metabotropic glutamate receptor 2	2002	Journal of medicinal chemistry, Sep-12, Volume: 45, Issue:19	Selective agonists at group II metabotropic glutamate receptors: synthesis, stereochemistry, and molecular pharmacology of (S)- and (R)-2-amino-4-(4-hydroxy[1,2,5]thiadiazol-3-yl)butyric acid.
AID477146	Agonist activity at recombinant GluA1A2 receptor flip isoform expressed in Xenopus oocytes	2010	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry, Feb-15, Volume: 18, Issue:4	Developing a complete pharmacology for AMPA receptors: a perspective on subtype-selective ligands.
AID1811	Experimentally measured binding affinity data derived from PDB	2001	Journal of molecular biology, Aug-24, Volume: 311, Issue:4	Mechanisms for ligand binding to GluR0 ion channels: crystal structures of the glutamate and serine complexes and a closed apo state.
AID977611	Experimentally measured binding affinity data (Kd) for protein-ligand complexes derived from PDB	2001	Journal of molecular biology, Aug-24, Volume: 311, Issue:4	Mechanisms for ligand binding to GluR0 ion channels: crystal structures of the glutamate and serine complexes and a closed apo state.
AID1347059	CD47-SIRPalpha protein protein interaction - Alpha assay qHTS validation	2019	PloS one, , Volume: 14, Issue:7	Quantitative high-throughput screening assays for the discovery and development of SIRPα-CD47 interaction inhibitors.
AID504836	Inducers of the Endoplasmic Reticulum Stress Response (ERSR) in human glioma: Validation	2002	The Journal of biological chemistry, Apr-19, Volume: 277, Issue:16	Sustained ER Ca2+ depletion suppresses protein synthesis and induces activation-enhanced cell death in mast cells.
AID1347057	CD47-SIRPalpha protein protein interaction - LANCE assay qHTS validation	2019	PloS one, , Volume: 14, Issue:7	Quantitative high-throughput screening assays for the discovery and development of SIRPα-CD47 interaction inhibitors.
AID1347083	qHTS for Inhibitors of the Functional Ribonucleoprotein Complex (vRNP) of Lassa (LASV) Arenavirus: Viability assay - alamar blue signal for LASV Primary Screen	2020	Antiviral research, 01, Volume: 173	A cell-based, infectious-free, platform to identify inhibitors of lassa virus ribonucleoprotein (vRNP) activity.
AID1347058	CD47-SIRPalpha protein protein interaction - HTRF assay qHTS validation	2019	PloS one, , Volume: 14, Issue:7	Quantitative high-throughput screening assays for the discovery and development of SIRPα-CD47 interaction inhibitors.
AID1347082	qHTS for Inhibitors of the Functional Ribonucleoprotein Complex (vRNP) of Lassa (LASV) Arenavirus: LASV Primary Screen - GLuc reporter signal	2020	Antiviral research, 01, Volume: 173	A cell-based, infectious-free, platform to identify inhibitors of lassa virus ribonucleoprotein (vRNP) activity.
AID504812	Inverse Agonists of the Thyroid Stimulating Hormone Receptor: HTS campaign	2010	Endocrinology, Jul, Volume: 151, Issue:7	A small molecule inverse agonist for the human thyroid-stimulating hormone receptor.
AID588349	qHTS for Inhibitors of ATXN expression: Validation of Cytotoxic Assay
AID1347086	qHTS for Inhibitors of the Functional Ribonucleoprotein Complex (vRNP) of Lymphocytic Choriomeningitis Arenaviruses (LCMV): LCMV Primary Screen - GLuc reporter signal	2020	Antiviral research, 01, Volume: 173	A cell-based, infectious-free, platform to identify inhibitors of lassa virus ribonucleoprotein (vRNP) activity.
AID1347410	qHTS for inhibitors of adenylyl cyclases using a fission yeast platform: a pilot screen against the NCATS LOPAC library	2019	Cellular signalling, 08, Volume: 60	A fission yeast platform for heterologous expression of mammalian adenylyl cyclases and high throughput screening.
AID504810	Antagonists of the Thyroid Stimulating Hormone Receptor: HTS campaign	2010	Endocrinology, Jul, Volume: 151, Issue:7	A small molecule inverse agonist for the human thyroid-stimulating hormone receptor.
AID1347151	Optimization of GU AMC qHTS for Zika virus inhibitors: Unlinked NS2B-NS3 protease assay	2020	Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, 12-08, Volume: 117, Issue:49	Therapeutic candidates for the Zika virus identified by a high-throughput screen for Zika protease inhibitors.
AID1347045	Natriuretic polypeptide receptor (hNpr1) antagonism - Pilot counterscreen GloSensor control cell line	2019	Science translational medicine, 07-10, Volume: 11, Issue:500	Inhibition of natriuretic peptide receptor 1 reduces itch in mice.
AID1347050	Natriuretic polypeptide receptor (hNpr2) antagonism - Pilot subtype selectivity assay	2019	Science translational medicine, 07-10, Volume: 11, Issue:500	Inhibition of natriuretic peptide receptor 1 reduces itch in mice.
AID1347405	qHTS to identify inhibitors of the type 1 interferon - major histocompatibility complex class I in skeletal muscle: primary screen against the NCATS LOPAC collection	2020	ACS chemical biology, 07-17, Volume: 15, Issue:7	High-Throughput Screening to Identify Inhibitors of the Type I Interferon-Major Histocompatibility Complex Class I Pathway in Skeletal Muscle.
AID588378	qHTS for Inhibitors of ATXN expression: Validation
AID1347049	Natriuretic polypeptide receptor (hNpr1) antagonism - Pilot screen	2019	Science translational medicine, 07-10, Volume: 11, Issue:500	Inhibition of natriuretic peptide receptor 1 reduces itch in mice.
AID1346272	Human mGlu6 receptor (Metabotropic glutamate receptors)	1997	Neuropharmacology, Feb, Volume: 36, Issue:2	Cloning, distribution and functional expression of the human mGlu6 metabotropic glutamate receptor.
AID1346285	Human mGlu4 receptor (Metabotropic glutamate receptors)	1999	European journal of pharmacology, Jun-30, Volume: 375, Issue:1-3	New perspectives for the development of selective metabotropic glutamate receptor ligands.
AID1346283	Rat mGlu4 receptor (Metabotropic glutamate receptors)	1997	Journal of medicinal chemistry, Oct-24, Volume: 40, Issue:22	(S)-homo-AMPA, a specific agonist at the mGlu6 subtype of metabotropic glutamic acid receptors.
AID1346283	Rat mGlu4 receptor (Metabotropic glutamate receptors)	1999	The Journal of biological chemistry, Apr-09, Volume: 274, Issue:15	Ligand binding to the amino-terminal domain of the mGluR4 subtype of metabotropic glutamate receptor.
AID1346283	Rat mGlu4 receptor (Metabotropic glutamate receptors)	1997	Neuropharmacology, Jan, Volume: 36, Issue:1	Cloning and characterization of a metabotropic glutamate receptor, mGluR4b.
AID1346287	Rat mGlu2 receptor (Metabotropic glutamate receptors)	2000	Trends in neurosciences, Feb, Volume: 23, Issue:2	Complex interactions between mGluRs, intracellular Ca2+ stores and ion channels in neurons.
AID1346268	Human mGlu1 receptor (Metabotropic glutamate receptors)	1999	European journal of pharmacology, Jun-30, Volume: 375, Issue:1-3	New perspectives for the development of selective metabotropic glutamate receptor ligands.
AID1346271	Human mGlu2 receptor (Metabotropic glutamate receptors)	1999	Neuropharmacology, Oct, Volume: 38, Issue:10	[3H]-LY341495 as a novel antagonist radioligand for group II metabotropic glutamate (mGlu) receptors: characterization of binding to membranes of mGlu receptor subtype expressing cells.
AID1346263	Human mGlu7 receptor (Metabotropic glutamate receptors)	2000	Naunyn-Schmiedeberg's archives of pharmacology, Dec, Volume: 362, Issue:6	Binding of [3H](2S,1'S,2'S)-2-(9-xanthylmethyl)-2-(2'-carboxycyclopropyl) glycine ([3H]LY341495) to cell membranes expressing recombinant human group III metabotropic glutamate receptor subtypes.
AID1346276	Rat mGlu1 receptor (Metabotropic glutamate receptors)	2000	Journal of neurochemistry, Dec, Volume: 75, Issue:6	Characterization of [(3)H]Quisqualate binding to recombinant rat metabotropic glutamate 1a and 5a receptors and to rat and human brain sections.
AID1346272	Human mGlu6 receptor (Metabotropic glutamate receptors)	1999	European journal of pharmacology, Jun-30, Volume: 375, Issue:1-3	New perspectives for the development of selective metabotropic glutamate receptor ligands.
AID1346263	Human mGlu7 receptor (Metabotropic glutamate receptors)	1999	European journal of pharmacology, Jun-30, Volume: 375, Issue:1-3	New perspectives for the development of selective metabotropic glutamate receptor ligands.
AID1346282	Human mGlu8 receptor (Metabotropic glutamate receptors)	1999	European journal of pharmacology, Jun-30, Volume: 375, Issue:1-3	New perspectives for the development of selective metabotropic glutamate receptor ligands.
AID1346254	Rat mGlu5 receptor (Metabotropic glutamate receptors)	2000	Journal of neurochemistry, Dec, Volume: 75, Issue:6	Characterization of [(3)H]Quisqualate binding to recombinant rat metabotropic glutamate 1a and 5a receptors and to rat and human brain sections.
AID1346282	Human mGlu8 receptor (Metabotropic glutamate receptors)	1998	Brain research. Molecular brain research, Jan, Volume: 53, Issue:1-2	Group III human metabotropic glutamate receptors 4, 7 and 8: molecular cloning, functional expression, and comparison of pharmacological properties in RGT cells.
AID1346282	Human mGlu8 receptor (Metabotropic glutamate receptors)	1999	Brain research. Molecular brain research, Apr-20, Volume: 67, Issue:2	Cloning and functional expression of alternative spliced variants of the human metabotropic glutamate receptor 8.
AID1346276	Rat mGlu1 receptor (Metabotropic glutamate receptors)	2003	Molecular pharmacology, May, Volume: 63, Issue:5	[3H]R214127: a novel high-affinity radioligand for the mGlu1 receptor reveals a common binding site shared by multiple allosteric antagonists.
AID1346269	Human mGlu5 receptor (Metabotropic glutamate receptors)	1999	European journal of pharmacology, Jun-30, Volume: 375, Issue:1-3	New perspectives for the development of selective metabotropic glutamate receptor ligands.
AID1346283	Rat mGlu4 receptor (Metabotropic glutamate receptors)	1992	European journal of pharmacology, Nov-02, Volume: 227, Issue:3	L-2-amino-4-phosphonobutyrate (L-AP4) is an agonist at the type IV metabotropic glutamate receptor which is negatively coupled to adenylate cyclase.
AID1346271	Human mGlu2 receptor (Metabotropic glutamate receptors)	1999	European journal of pharmacology, Jun-30, Volume: 375, Issue:1-3	New perspectives for the development of selective metabotropic glutamate receptor ligands.
AID1346255	Rat mGlu6 receptor (Metabotropic glutamate receptors)	1998	Neuropharmacology, Aug, Volume: 37, Issue:8	Comparative effect of L-CCG-I, DCG-IV and gamma-carboxy-L-glutamate on all cloned metabotropic glutamate receptor subtypes.
AID1346287	Rat mGlu2 receptor (Metabotropic glutamate receptors)	1994	Molecular pharmacology, Jun, Volume: 45, Issue:6	L-cysteine sulfinic acid as an endogenous agonist of a novel metabotropic receptor coupled to stimulation of phospholipase D activity.
AID1159607	Screen for inhibitors of RMI FANCM (MM2) intereaction	2016	Journal of biomolecular screening, Jul, Volume: 21, Issue:6	A High-Throughput Screening Strategy to Identify Protein-Protein Interaction Inhibitors That Block the Fanconi Anemia DNA Repair Pathway.
AID977610	Experimentally measured binding affinity data (Ki) for protein-ligand complexes derived from PDB	1996	Structure (London, England : 1993), Jul-15, Volume: 4, Issue:7	Substrate binding is required for assembly of the active conformation of the catalytic site in Ntn amidotransferases: evidence from the 1.8 A crystal structure of the glutaminase domain of glucosamine 6-phosphate synthase.
AID1811	Experimentally measured binding affinity data derived from PDB	1996	Structure (London, England : 1993), Jul-15, Volume: 4, Issue:7	Substrate binding is required for assembly of the active conformation of the catalytic site in Ntn amidotransferases: evidence from the 1.8 A crystal structure of the glutaminase domain of glucosamine 6-phosphate synthase.
AID977608	Experimentally measured binding affinity data (IC50) for protein-ligand complexes derived from PDB	2000	Neuron, Oct, Volume: 28, Issue:1	Mechanisms for activation and antagonism of an AMPA-sensitive glutamate receptor: crystal structures of the GluR2 ligand binding core.
AID1811	Experimentally measured binding affinity data derived from PDB	2000	Neuron, Oct, Volume: 28, Issue:1	Mechanisms for activation and antagonism of an AMPA-sensitive glutamate receptor: crystal structures of the GluR2 ligand binding core.
AID1799870	Inhibition Assay from Article 10.1021/bi00118a023: \\Reversal of enzyme regiospecificity with alternative substrates for aspartokinase I from Escherichia coli.\\	1992	Biochemistry, Jan-28, Volume: 31, Issue:3	Reversal of enzyme regiospecificity with alternative substrates for aspartokinase I from Escherichia coli.
AID1797641	Determination of Inhibition Concentration Values (IC50) from Article 10.1021/jm070133w: \\Structural insight into the pharmacophore pocket of human glutamate carboxypeptidase II.\\	2007	Journal of medicinal chemistry, Jul-12, Volume: 50, Issue:14	Structural insight into the pharmacophore pocket of human glutamate carboxypeptidase II.
AID588497	High-throughput multiplex microsphere screening for inhibitors of toxin protease, specifically Botulinum neurotoxin light chain F protease, MLPCN compound set	2010	Current protocols in cytometry, Oct, Volume: Chapter 13	Microsphere-based flow cytometry protease assays for use in protease activity detection and high-throughput screening.
AID588497	High-throughput multiplex microsphere screening for inhibitors of toxin protease, specifically Botulinum neurotoxin light chain F protease, MLPCN compound set	2006	Cytometry. Part A : the journal of the International Society for Analytical Cytology, May, Volume: 69, Issue:5	Microsphere-based protease assays and screening application for lethal factor and factor Xa.
AID588497	High-throughput multiplex microsphere screening for inhibitors of toxin protease, specifically Botulinum neurotoxin light chain F protease, MLPCN compound set	2010	Assay and drug development technologies, Feb, Volume: 8, Issue:1	High-throughput multiplex flow cytometry screening for botulinum neurotoxin type a light chain protease inhibitors.
AID588501	High-throughput multiplex microsphere screening for inhibitors of toxin protease, specifically Lethal Factor Protease, MLPCN compound set	2010	Current protocols in cytometry, Oct, Volume: Chapter 13	Microsphere-based flow cytometry protease assays for use in protease activity detection and high-throughput screening.
AID588501	High-throughput multiplex microsphere screening for inhibitors of toxin protease, specifically Lethal Factor Protease, MLPCN compound set	2006	Cytometry. Part A : the journal of the International Society for Analytical Cytology, May, Volume: 69, Issue:5	Microsphere-based protease assays and screening application for lethal factor and factor Xa.
AID588501	High-throughput multiplex microsphere screening for inhibitors of toxin protease, specifically Lethal Factor Protease, MLPCN compound set	2010	Assay and drug development technologies, Feb, Volume: 8, Issue:1	High-throughput multiplex flow cytometry screening for botulinum neurotoxin type a light chain protease inhibitors.
AID651635	Viability Counterscreen for Primary qHTS for Inhibitors of ATXN expression
AID588499	High-throughput multiplex microsphere screening for inhibitors of toxin protease, specifically Botulinum neurotoxin light chain A protease, MLPCN compound set	2010	Current protocols in cytometry, Oct, Volume: Chapter 13	Microsphere-based flow cytometry protease assays for use in protease activity detection and high-throughput screening.
AID588499	High-throughput multiplex microsphere screening for inhibitors of toxin protease, specifically Botulinum neurotoxin light chain A protease, MLPCN compound set	2006	Cytometry. Part A : the journal of the International Society for Analytical Cytology, May, Volume: 69, Issue:5	Microsphere-based protease assays and screening application for lethal factor and factor Xa.
AID588499	High-throughput multiplex microsphere screening for inhibitors of toxin protease, specifically Botulinum neurotoxin light chain A protease, MLPCN compound set	2010	Assay and drug development technologies, Feb, Volume: 8, Issue:1	High-throughput multiplex flow cytometry screening for botulinum neurotoxin type a light chain protease inhibitors.
AID504812	Inverse Agonists of the Thyroid Stimulating Hormone Receptor: HTS campaign	2010	Endocrinology, Jul, Volume: 151, Issue:7	A small molecule inverse agonist for the human thyroid-stimulating hormone receptor.
AID1745845	Primary qHTS for Inhibitors of ATXN expression
AID504810	Antagonists of the Thyroid Stimulating Hormone Receptor: HTS campaign	2010	Endocrinology, Jul, Volume: 151, Issue:7	A small molecule inverse agonist for the human thyroid-stimulating hormone receptor.
[information is prepared from bioassay data collected from National Library of Medicine (NLM), extracted Dec-2023]

Timeframe	Studies, This Drug (%)	All Drugs %
pre-1990	3973 (9.81)	18.7374
1990's	8985 (22.20)	18.2507
2000's	13375 (33.04)	29.6817
2010's	11079 (27.37)	24.3611
2020's	3068 (7.58)	2.80
[information is prepared from research data collected from National Library of Medicine (NLM), extracted Dec-2023]

Publication Type	This drug (%)	All Drugs (%)
Trials	452 (1.08%)	5.53%
Trials	0 (0.00%)	5.53%
Reviews	3,598 (8.62%)	6.00%
Reviews	0 (0.00%)	6.00%
Case Studies	313 (0.75%)	4.05%
Case Studies	0 (0.00%)	4.05%
Observational	23 (0.06%)	0.25%
Observational	0 (0.00%)	0.25%
Other	37,371 (89.50%)	84.16%
Other	5 (100.00%)	84.16%
[information is prepared from research data collected from National Library of Medicine (NLM), extracted Dec-2023]

Substance	Relationship Strength	Studies	Trials	Classes	Roles
acetylcarnitine Acetylcarnitine: An acetic acid ester of CARNITINE that facilitates movement of ACETYL COA into the matrices of mammalian MITOCHONDRIA during the oxidation of FATTY ACIDS.	6.27	19	0	O-acylcarnitine	human metabolite
dinitrochlorobenzene Dinitrochlorobenzene: A skin irritant that may cause dermatitis of both primary and allergic types. Contact sensitization with DNCB has been used as a measure of cellular immunity. DNCB is also used as a reagent for the detection and determination of pyridine compounds.. 1-chloro-2,4-dinitrobenzene : A C-nitro compound that is chlorobenzene carrying a nitro substituent at each of the 2- and 4-positions.	2.9	4	0	C-nitro compound; monochlorobenzenes	allergen; epitope; sensitiser
ethylene dichloride ethylene dichloride: RN given refers to 1,2-isomer; structure given in first source. 1,2-dichloroethane : A member of the class of chloroethanes substituted by two chloro groups at positions 1 and 2.	2.06	1	0	chloroethanes	hepatotoxic agent; mutagen; non-polar solvent
2,3-dihydroxybenzoic acid 2,3-dihydroxybenzoic acid: RN given refers to parent cpd. dihydroxybenzoic acid : Any member of the class of hydroxybenzoic acids carrying two phenolic hydroxy groups on the benzene ring and its derivatives.. 2,3-dihydroxybenzoic acid : A dihydroxybenzoic acid that is benzoic acid substituted by hydroxy groups at positions 2 and 3. It occurs naturally in Phyllanthus acidus and in the aquatic fern Salvinia molesta.	4.08	15	0	dihydroxybenzoic acid	human xenobiotic metabolite; plant metabolite
chloroacetaldehyde [no description available]	1.99	1	0	organochlorine compound
alpha-hydroxyglutarate 2-hydroxyglutarate : A dicarboxylic acid anion obtained by deprotonation of at least one of the carboxy groups of 2-hydroxyglutaric acid.. 2-hydroxyglutaric acid : A 2-hydroxydicarboxylic acid that is glutaric acid in which one hydrogen alpha- to a carboxylic acid group is substituted by a hydroxy group.	4.38	19	0	2-hydroxydicarboxylic acid; dicarboxylic fatty acid	metabolite; mouse metabolite
2-oxo-3-methylvalerate alpha-keto-beta-methylvaleric acid: RN given refers to parent cpd. 3-methyl-2-oxovaleric acid : A 2-oxo monocarboxylic acid that is valeric acid carrying oxo- and methyl substituents at C-2 and C-3, respectively. An alpha-keto acid analogue and metabolite of isoleucine in man, animals and bacteria. Used as a clinical marker for maple syrup urine disease (MSUD).	2.7	3	0	2-oxo monocarboxylic acid; branched-chain keto acid	human metabolite
alpha-ketoisovalerate alpha-ketoisovalerate: RN given refers to parent cpd. 3-methyl-2-oxobutanoate : A 2-oxo monocarboxylic acid anion that is the conjugate base of 3-methyl-2-oxobutanoic acid, arising from deprotonation of the carboxy group.. 3-methyl-2-oxobutanoic acid : A 2-oxo monocarboxylic acid that is the 2-oxo derivative of isovaleric acid.	3.09	5	0	2-oxo monocarboxylic acid; branched-chain keto acid	human metabolite; Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite
alpha-ketoglutaric acid 2-oxoglutaric acid : An oxo dicarboxylic acid that consists of glutaric acid bearing an oxo substituent at position 2. It is an intermediate metabolite in Krebs cycle.	2.08	1	0	oxo dicarboxylic acid	fundamental metabolite
alpha-ketobutyric acid alpha-ketobutyric acid: RN given refers to parent cpd; structure. 2-oxobutanoic acid : A 2-oxo monocarboxylic acid that is the 2-oxo derivative of butanoic acid.	2.91	4	0	2-oxo monocarboxylic acid; short-chain fatty acid
2-keto-4-methylvalerate alpha-ketoisocaproic acid: RN given refers to parent cpd. 4-methyl-2-oxopentanoate : A 2-oxo monocarboxylic acid anion that is the conjugate base of 4-methyl-2-oxopentanoic acid.. 4-methyl-2-oxopentanoic acid : A 2-oxo monocarboxylic acid that is pentanoic acid (valeric acid) substituted with a keto group at C-2 and a methyl group at C-4. A metabolite that has been found to accumulate in maple syrup urine disease.	4.02	14	0	2-oxo monocarboxylic acid; branched-chain keto acid	algal metabolite; human metabolite
alpha-ketoadipic acid 2-oxoadipic acid : An oxo dicarboxylic acid that is adipic acid substituted by an oxo group at position 2.	2.15	1	0	oxo dicarboxylic acid	human urinary metabolite; mouse metabolite
protocatechuic acid protocatechuic acid: RN given refers to parent cpd; structure. 3,4-dihydroxybenzoic acid : A dihydroxybenzoic acid in which the hydroxy groups are located at positions 3 and 4.	3.59	2	0	catechols; dihydroxybenzoic acid	antineoplastic agent; EC 1.1.1.25 (shikimate dehydrogenase) inhibitor; EC 1.14.11.2 (procollagen-proline dioxygenase) inhibitor; human xenobiotic metabolite; plant metabolite
3-hydroxyanthranilic acid 3-Hydroxyanthranilic Acid: An oxidation product of tryptophan metabolism. It may be a free radical scavenger and a carcinogen.. 3-hydroxyanthranilic acid : An aminobenzoic acid that is benzoic acid substituted at C-2 by an amine group and at C-3 by a hydroxy group. It is an intermediate in the metabolism of the amino acid tryptophan.. 3-hydroxyanthranilate : A hydroxybenzoate that is the conjugate base of 3-hydroxyanthranilic acid.	2.05	1	0	aminobenzoic acid; monohydroxybenzoic acid	human metabolite; mouse metabolite
3-hydroxykynurenine 3-hydroxykynurenine: RN given refers to cpd without isomeric designation. 3-hydroxykynurenine : A hydroxykynurenine that is kynurenine substituted by a hydroxy group at position 3.. hydroxykynurenine : A hydroxy-amino acid that is kynurenine substituted by a single hydroxy group at unspecified position. A "closed" class.	2.44	2	0	hydroxykynurenine	human metabolite
acetoacetic acid acetoacetic acid : A 3-oxo monocarboxylic acid that is butyric acid bearing a 3-oxo substituent.	5.27	20	0	3-oxo fatty acid; ketone body	metabolite
phosphoserine Phosphoserine: The phosphoric acid ester of serine.	10.03	40	0	non-proteinogenic alpha-amino acid; O-phosphoamino acid; serine derivative	human metabolite
cysteine sulfinic acid cysteine sulfinic acid: metabolite of sulfur-containing amino acids	4.86	35	0
n-carbamoyl-beta-alanine N-carbamoyl-beta-alanine: RN given refers to parent cpd. N-carbamoyl-beta-alanine : A beta-alanine derivative that is propionic acid bearing a ureido group at position 3.	2	1	0	beta-alanine derivative	metabolite; mouse metabolite
4-aminobutyraldehyde 4-aminobutanal : An omega-aminoaldehyde that is butanal in which one of the hydrogens of the terminal methyl group has been replaced by an amino group.	1.97	1	0	aminobutanal; omega-aminoaldehyde	Escherichia coli metabolite; mouse metabolite
gamma-aminobutyric acid gamma-Aminobutyric Acid: The most common inhibitory neurotransmitter in the central nervous system.. gamma-aminobutyric acid : A gamma-amino acid that is butanoic acid with the amino substituent located at C-4.	27.09	4,886	63	amino acid zwitterion; gamma-amino acid; monocarboxylic acid	human metabolite; neurotransmitter; Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite; signalling molecule
4-hydroxybenzaldehyde [no description available]	2.17	1	0	hydroxybenzaldehyde	EC 1.14.17.1 (dopamine beta-monooxygenase) inhibitor; mouse metabolite; plant metabolite
4-hydroxyphenylacetic acid 4-hydroxyphenylacetic acid : A monocarboxylic acid that is acetic acid in which one of the methyl hydrogens is substituted by a 4-hydroxyphenyl group.	2.05	1	0	monocarboxylic acid; phenols	fungal metabolite; human metabolite; mouse metabolite; plant metabolite
4-hydroxybenzoic acid 4-hydroxybenzoic acid : A monohydroxybenzoic acid that is benzoic acid carrying a hydroxy substituent at C-4 of the benzene ring.	2.41	2	0	monohydroxybenzoic acid	algal metabolite; plant metabolite
aminolevulinic acid Aminolevulinic Acid: A compound produced from succinyl-CoA and GLYCINE as an intermediate in heme synthesis. It is used as a PHOTOCHEMOTHERAPY for actinic KERATOSIS.. 5-aminolevulinic acid : The simplest delta-amino acid in which the hydrogens at the gamma position are replaced by an oxo group. It is metabolised to protoporphyrin IX, a photoactive compound which accumulates in the skin. Used (in the form of the hydrochloride salt)in combination with blue light illumination for the treatment of minimally to moderately thick actinic keratosis of the face or scalp.	4.79	32	0	4-oxo monocarboxylic acid; amino acid zwitterion; delta-amino acid	antineoplastic agent; dermatologic drug; Escherichia coli metabolite; human metabolite; mouse metabolite; photosensitizing agent; plant metabolite; prodrug; Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite
5-aminovaleric acid 5-aminovaleric acid: from red fox anal secretion; RN given refers to parent cpd. 5-aminopentanoic acid : A delta-amino acid comprising pentanoic acid with an amino substituent at C-5; a methylene homologue of gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) that is a weak GABA agonist.	1.96	1	0	amino acid zwitterion; delta-amino acid; omega-amino fatty acid	human metabolite
5-hydroxytryptophan 5-Hydroxytryptophan: The immediate precursor in the biosynthesis of SEROTONIN from tryptophan. It is used as an antiepileptic and antidepressant.. 5-hydroxytryptophan : A tryptophan derivative that is tryptophan substituted by a hydroxy group at position 5.	5.01	9	1	hydroxytryptophan	human metabolite; neurotransmitter
ethylene glycol Ethylene Glycol: A colorless, odorless, viscous dihydroxy alcohol. It has a sweet taste, but is poisonous if ingested. Ethylene glycol is the most important glycol commercially available and is manufactured on a large scale in the United States. It is used as an antifreeze and coolant, in hydraulic fluids, and in the manufacture of low-freezing dynamites and resins.. ethanediol : Any diol that is ethane or substituted ethane carrying two hydroxy groups.. ethylene glycol : A 1,2-glycol compound produced via reaction of ethylene oxide with water.	2.42	2	0	ethanediol; glycol	metabolite; mouse metabolite; solvent; toxin
acetic acid Acetic Acid: Product of the oxidation of ethanol and of the destructive distillation of wood. It is used locally, occasionally internally, as a counterirritant and also as a reagent. (Stedman, 26th ed). acetic acid : A simple monocarboxylic acid containing two carbons.	11.83	80	0	monocarboxylic acid	antimicrobial food preservative; Daphnia magna metabolite; food acidity regulator; protic solvent
acetaldehyde Acetaldehyde: A colorless, flammable liquid used in the manufacture of acetic acid, perfumes, and flavors. It is also an intermediate in the metabolism of alcohol. It has a general narcotic action and also causes irritation of mucous membranes. Large doses may cause death from respiratory paralysis.. acetaldehyde : The aldehyde formed from acetic acid by reduction of the carboxy group. It is the most abundant carcinogen in tobacco smoke.. aldehyde : A compound RC(=O)H, in which a carbonyl group is bonded to one hydrogen atom and to one R group.. acetyl group : A group, formally derived from acetic acid by dehydroxylation, which is fundamental to the biochemistry of all forms of life. When bound to coenzyme A, it is central to the metabolism of carbohydrates and fats.	9.22	17	0	aldehyde	carcinogenic agent; EC 3.5.1.4 (amidase) inhibitor; electron acceptor; Escherichia coli metabolite; human metabolite; mouse metabolite; mutagen; oxidising agent; Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite; teratogenic agent
acetamide acetimidic acid : A carboximidic acid that is acetic acid in which the carbonyl oxygen is replaced by an imino group.	2.78	3	0	acetamides; carboximidic acid; monocarboxylic acid amide; N-acylammonia
acetoin [no description available]	2	1	0	methyl ketone; secondary alpha-hydroxy ketone	metabolite
acetone methyl ketone : A ketone of formula RC(=O)CH3 (R =/= H).	4.86	10	0	ketone body; methyl ketone; propanones; volatile organic compound	EC 3.5.1.4 (amidase) inhibitor; human metabolite; polar aprotic solvent
acetyl phosphate acetyl dihydrogen phosphate : An acyl monophosphate in which the acyl group specified is acetyl.	1.99	1	0	acyl monophosphate	Escherichia coli metabolite; human metabolite; mouse metabolite
adenine [no description available]	9.57	25	0	6-aminopurines; purine nucleobase	Daphnia magna metabolite; Escherichia coli metabolite; human metabolite; mouse metabolite; Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite
adipic acid adipic acid : An alpha,omega-dicarboxylic acid that is the 1,4-dicarboxy derivative of butane.	2.9	4	0	alpha,omega-dicarboxylic acid; dicarboxylic fatty acid	food acidity regulator; human xenobiotic metabolite
agmatine Agmatine: Decarboxylated arginine, isolated from several plant and animal sources, e.g., pollen, ergot, herring sperm, octopus muscle.	6	34	0	guanidines; primary amino compound	Escherichia coli metabolite; mouse metabolite
allantoin [no description available]	2.95	4	0	imidazolidine-2,4-dione; ureas	Escherichia coli metabolite; human metabolite; Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite; vulnerary
ammonium hydroxide azane : Saturated acyclic nitrogen hydrides having the general formula NnHn+2.	17.67	465	6	azane; gas molecular entity; mononuclear parent hydride	EC 3.5.1.4 (amidase) inhibitor; metabolite; mouse metabolite; neurotoxin; NMR chemical shift reference compound; nucleophilic reagent; refrigerant
anthranilic acid anthranilic acid: RN given refers to parent cpd; structure in Negwer, 5th ed, #565. anthranilic acid : An aminobenzoic acid that is benzoic acid having a single amino substituent located at position 2. It is a metabolite produced in L-tryptophan-kynurenine pathway in the central nervous system.	2	1	0	aminobenzoic acid	human metabolite; mouse metabolite
quinacrine Quinacrine: An acridine derivative formerly widely used as an antimalarial but superseded by chloroquine in recent years. It has also been used as an anthelmintic and in the treatment of giardiasis and malignant effusions. It is used in cell biological experiments as an inhibitor of phospholipase A2.. quinacrine : A member of the class of acridines that is acridine substituted by a chloro group at position 6, a methoxy group at position 2 and a [5-(diethylamino)pentan-2-yl]nitrilo group at position 9.	3.61	9	0	acridines; aromatic ether; organochlorine compound; tertiary amino compound	antimalarial; EC 1.8.1.12 (trypanothione-disulfide reductase) inhibitor
beta-alanine [no description available]	7.24	53	0	amino acid zwitterion; beta-amino acid	agonist; fundamental metabolite; human metabolite; inhibitor; neurotransmitter
benzaldehyde [no description available]	2.11	1	0	benzaldehydes	EC 3.1.1.3 (triacylglycerol lipase) inhibitor; EC 3.5.5.1 (nitrilase) inhibitor; flavouring agent; fragrance; odorant receptor agonist; plant metabolite
benzene [no description available]	8.52	8	0	aromatic annulene; benzenes; volatile organic compound	carcinogenic agent; environmental contaminant; non-polar solvent
benzoic acid Benzoic Acid: A fungistatic compound that is widely used as a food preservative. It is conjugated to GLYCINE in the liver and excreted as hippuric acid.. benzoic acid : A compound comprising a benzene ring core carrying a carboxylic acid substituent.. aromatic carboxylic acid : Any carboxylic acid in which the carboxy group is directly bonded to an aromatic ring.	5.18	15	0	benzoic acids	algal metabolite; antimicrobial food preservative; drug allergen; EC 1.13.11.33 (arachidonate 15-lipoxygenase) inhibitor; EC 3.1.1.3 (triacylglycerol lipase) inhibitor; human xenobiotic metabolite; plant metabolite
benzyl alcohol Benzyl Alcohol: A colorless liquid with a sharp burning taste and slight odor. It is used as a local anesthetic and to reduce pain associated with LIDOCAINE injection. Also, it is used in the manufacture of other benzyl compounds, as a pharmaceutic aid, and in perfumery and flavoring.. hydroxytoluene : Any member of the class of toluenes carrying one or more hydroxy substituents.. benzyl alcohol : An aromatic alcohol that consists of benzene bearing a single hydroxymethyl substituent.. aromatic alcohol : Any alcohol in which the alcoholic hydroxy group is attached to a carbon which is itself bonded to an aromatic ring.. aromatic primary alcohol : Any primary alcohol in which the alcoholic hydroxy group is attached to a carbon which is itself bonded to an aromatic ring.	1.97	1	0	benzyl alcohols	antioxidant; fragrance; metabolite; solvent
betaine glycine betaine : The amino acid betaine derived from glycine.	11.86	50	0	amino-acid betaine; glycine derivative	fundamental metabolite
bromide Bromides: Salts of hydrobromic acid, HBr, with the bromine atom in the 1- oxidation state. (From McGraw-Hill Dictionary of Scientific and Technical Terms, 4th ed)	3.06	5	0	halide anion; monoatomic bromine
2,3-butylene glycol 2,3-butylene glycol: RN given refers to cpd without isomeric designation. butane-2,3-diol : A butanediol in which hydroxylation is at C-2 and C-3.	1.98	1	0	butanediol; glycol; secondary alcohol
1-butanol 1-Butanol: A four carbon linear hydrocarbon that has a hydroxy group at position 1.. butan-1-ol : A primary alcohol that is butane in which a hydrogen of one of the methyl groups is substituted by a hydroxy group. It it produced in small amounts in humans by the gut microbes.	3.56	8	0	alkyl alcohol; primary alcohol; short-chain primary fatty alcohol	human metabolite; mouse metabolite; protic solvent
butyric acid Butyric Acid: A four carbon acid, CH3CH2CH2COOH, with an unpleasant odor that occurs in butter and animal fat as the glycerol ester.. butyrate : A short-chain fatty acid anion that is the conjugate base of butyric acid, obtained by deprotonation of the carboxy group.. butyric acid : A straight-chain saturated fatty acid that is butane in which one of the terminal methyl groups has been oxidised to a carboxy group.	4.89	11	0	fatty acid 4:0; straight-chain saturated fatty acid	human urinary metabolite; Mycoplasma genitalium metabolite
cadaverine [no description available]	2.67	3	0	alkane-alpha,omega-diamine	Daphnia magna metabolite; Escherichia coli metabolite; mouse metabolite; plant metabolite
carbamates [no description available]	7.21	29	1	amino-acid anion
carbamyl phosphate Carbamyl Phosphate: The monoanhydride of carbamic acid with PHOSPHORIC ACID. It is an important intermediate metabolite and is synthesized enzymatically by CARBAMYL-PHOSPHATE SYNTHASE (AMMONIA) and CARBAMOYL-PHOSPHATE SYNTHASE (GLUTAMINE-HYDROLYZING).	3.07	5	0	acyl monophosphate; one-carbon compound	Escherichia coli metabolite; mouse metabolite
carbon monoxide Carbon Monoxide: Carbon monoxide (CO). A poisonous colorless, odorless, tasteless gas. It combines with hemoglobin to form carboxyhemoglobin, which has no oxygen carrying capacity. The resultant oxygen deprivation causes headache, dizziness, decreased pulse and respiratory rates, unconsciousness, and death. (From Merck Index, 11th ed). carbon monoxide : A one-carbon compound in which the carbon is joined only to a single oxygen. It is a colourless, odourless, tasteless, toxic gas.	7.64	45	1	carbon oxide; gas molecular entity; one-carbon compound	biomarker; EC 1.9.3.1 (cytochrome c oxidase) inhibitor; human metabolite; ligand; metabolite; mitochondrial respiratory-chain inhibitor; mouse metabolite; neurotoxin; neurotransmitter; P450 inhibitor; probe; signalling molecule; vasodilator agent
formic acid formic acid: RN given refers to parent cpd. formic acid : The simplest carboxylic acid, containing a single carbon. Occurs naturally in various sources including the venom of bee and ant stings, and is a useful organic synthetic reagent. Principally used as a preservative and antibacterial agent in livestock feed. Induces severe metabolic acidosis and ocular injury in human subjects.	4.48	23	0	monocarboxylic acid	antibacterial agent; astringent; metabolite; protic solvent; solvent
aminooxyacetic acid Aminooxyacetic Acid: A compound that inhibits aminobutyrate aminotransferase activity in vivo, thereby raising the level of gamma-aminobutyric acid in tissues.. (aminooxy)acetic acid : A member of the class of hydroxylamines that is acetic acid substituted at postion 2 by an aminooxy group. It is a compound which inhibits aminobutyrate aminotransferase activity in vivo, resulting in increased levels of gamma-aminobutyric acid in tissues.	5.05	42	0	amino acid; hydroxylamines; monocarboxylic acid	anticonvulsant; EC 2.6.1.19 (4-aminobutyrate--2-oxoglutarate transaminase) inhibitor; EC 4.2.1.22 (cystathionine beta-synthase) inhibitor; nootropic agent
carnitine [no description available]	11.62	46	2	amino-acid betaine	human metabolite; mouse metabolite
catechol [no description available]	2.39	2	0	catechols	allelochemical; genotoxin; plant metabolite
methane Methane: The simplest saturated hydrocarbon. It is a colorless, flammable gas, slightly soluble in water. It is one of the chief constituents of natural gas and is formed in the decomposition of organic matter. (Grant & Hackh's Chemical Dictionary, 5th ed). methane : A one-carbon compound in which the carbon is attached by single bonds to four hydrogen atoms. It is a colourless, odourless, non-toxic but flammable gas (b.p. -161degreeC).	10.04	37	0	alkane; gas molecular entity; mononuclear parent hydride; one-carbon compound	bacterial metabolite; fossil fuel; greenhouse gas
chlordecone [no description available]	1.97	1	0	cyclic ketone; organochlorine compound	insecticide; persistent organic pollutant
choline [no description available]	19.03	437	25	cholines	allergen; Daphnia magna metabolite; Escherichia coli metabolite; human metabolite; mouse metabolite; neurotransmitter; nutrient; plant metabolite; Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite
aconitic acid Aconitic Acid: A tricarboxylic acid with the formula (COOH)-CH2-C(COOH)=CH-COOH.. aconitic acid : A tricarboxylic acid that is prop-1-ene substituted by carboxy groups at positions 1, 2 and 3.	3.08	5	0	tricarboxylic acid
citric acid, anhydrous Citric Acid: A key intermediate in metabolism. It is an acid compound found in citrus fruits. The salts of citric acid (citrates) can be used as anticoagulants due to their calcium chelating ability.. citric acid : A tricarboxylic acid that is propane-1,2,3-tricarboxylic acid bearing a hydroxy substituent at position 2. It is an important metabolite in the pathway of all aerobic organisms.	8.65	96	1	tricarboxylic acid	antimicrobial agent; chelator; food acidity regulator; fundamental metabolite
chlorine chloride : A halide anion formed when chlorine picks up an electron to form an an anion.	12.46	343	0	halide anion; monoatomic chlorine	cofactor; Escherichia coli metabolite; human metabolite
hydrochloric acid Hydrochloric Acid: A strong corrosive acid that is commonly used as a laboratory reagent. It is formed by dissolving hydrogen chloride in water. GASTRIC ACID is the hydrochloric acid component of GASTRIC JUICE.. hydrogen chloride : A mononuclear parent hydride consisting of covalently bonded hydrogen and chlorine atoms.	5.26	12	1	chlorine molecular entity; gas molecular entity; hydrogen halide; mononuclear parent hydride	mouse metabolite
coumarin 2H-chromen-2-one: coumarin derivative	2.99	4	0	coumarins	fluorescent dye; human metabolite; plant metabolite
salicylic acid Scalp: The outer covering of the calvaria. It is composed of several layers: SKIN; subcutaneous connective tissue; the occipitofrontal muscle which includes the tendinous galea aponeurotica; loose connective tissue; and the pericranium (the PERIOSTEUM of the SKULL).	3.9	12	0	monohydroxybenzoic acid	algal metabolite; antifungal agent; antiinfective agent; EC 1.11.1.11 (L-ascorbate peroxidase) inhibitor; keratolytic drug; plant hormone; plant metabolite
aminoethylphosphonic acid Aminoethylphosphonic Acid: An organophosphorus compound isolated from human and animal tissues.. (2-aminoethyl)phosphonic acid : A phosphonic acid in which the hydrogen attached to the phosphorus of phosphonic acid is substituted by a 2-aminoethyl group.	2.06	1	0	phosphonic acids; primary amino compound; zwitterion	human metabolite; metabolite; mouse metabolite
phloroglucinol Phloroglucinol: A trinitrobenzene derivative with antispasmodic properties that is used primarily as a laboratory reagent.. phloroglucinol : A benzenetriol with hydroxy groups at position 1, 3 and 5.	3.65	9	0	benzenetriol; phenolic donor	algal metabolite
2,3-diaminopropionic acid 3-aminoalanine : A diamino acid that is alanine in which one of the hydrogens of the methyl group is replaced by an amino group.	3.27	6	0	alanine derivative; amino acid zwitterion; beta-amino acid; diamino acid; non-proteinogenic alpha-amino acid	Escherichia coli metabolite
gallic acid gallate : A trihydroxybenzoate that is the conjugate base of gallic acid.	3.82	11	0	trihydroxybenzoic acid	antineoplastic agent; antioxidant; apoptosis inducer; astringent; cyclooxygenase 2 inhibitor; EC 1.13.11.33 (arachidonate 15-lipoxygenase) inhibitor; geroprotector; human xenobiotic metabolite; plant metabolite
4-nitrophenylphosphate nitrophenylphosphate: RN given refers to mono(4-nitrophenyl) ester of phosphoric acid. 4-nitrophenyl phosphate : An aryl phosphate resulting from the mono-esterification of phosphoric acid with 4-nitrophenol.	1.98	1	0	aryl phosphate	mouse metabolite
octanoic acid octanoic acid: RN given refers to parent cpd; structure in Merck Index, 9th ed, #1764. octanoic acid : A straight-chain saturated fatty acid that is heptane in which one of the hydrogens of a terminal methyl group has been replaced by a carboxy group. Octanoic acid is also known as caprylic acid.	3.62	9	0	medium-chain fatty acid; straight-chain saturated fatty acid	antibacterial agent; Escherichia coli metabolite; human metabolite
hydrogen sulfide Hydrogen Sulfide: A flammable, poisonous gas with a characteristic odor of rotten eggs. It is used in the manufacture of chemicals, in metallurgy, and as an analytical reagent. (From Merck Index, 11th ed). hydrogen sulfide : A sulfur hydride consisting of a single sulfur atom bonded to two hydrogen atoms. A highly poisonous, flammable gas with a characteristic odour of rotten eggs, it is often produced by bacterial decomposition of organic matter in the absence of oxygen.. thiol : An organosulfur compound in which a thiol group, -SH, is attached to a carbon atom of any aliphatic or aromatic moiety.	10.23	14	0	gas molecular entity; hydracid; mononuclear parent hydride; sulfur hydride	Escherichia coli metabolite; genotoxin; metabolite; signalling molecule; toxin; vasodilator agent
dihydrolipoic acid dihydrolipoic acid: RN given refers to parent cpd without isomeric designation. dihydrolipoic acid : A thio-fatty acid that is reduced form of lipoic acid. A potent antioxidant shown to directly destroy superoxide, hydroperoxy and hydroxyl radicals; also has neuroprotective and anti-tumour effects.. dihydrolipoate : The conjugate base of dihydrolipoic acid.	3.78	3	0	thio-fatty acid	antioxidant; human metabolite; neuroprotective agent
3-hydroxybutyric acid 3-Hydroxybutyric Acid: BUTYRIC ACID substituted in the beta or 3 position. It is one of the ketone bodies produced in the liver.. 3-hydroxybutyric acid : A straight-chain 3-hydroxy monocarboxylic acid comprising a butyric acid core with a single hydroxy substituent in the 3- position; a ketone body whose levels are raised during ketosis, used as an energy source by the brain during fasting in humans. Also used to synthesise biodegradable plastics.	8.45	40	1	(omega-1)-hydroxy fatty acid; 3-hydroxy monocarboxylic acid; hydroxybutyric acid	human metabolite
bupropion Bupropion: A propiophenone-derived antidepressant and antismoking agent that inhibits the uptake of DOPAMINE.. bupropion : An aromatic ketone that is propiophenone carrying a tert-butylamino group at position 2 and a chloro substituent at position 3 on the phenyl ring.	3.43	7	0	aromatic ketone; monochlorobenzenes; secondary amino compound	antidepressant; environmental contaminant; xenobiotic
n(1)-methylnicotinamide N(1)-methylnicotinamide: RN given refers to parent cpd. 1-methylnicotinamide : A pyridinium ion comprising nicotinamide having a methyl group at the 1-position. It is a metabolite of nicotinamide which was initially considered to be biologically inactive but has emerged as an anti-thrombotic and anti-inflammatory agent.	2.04	1	0	pyridinium ion	algal metabolite; anti-inflammatory agent; human urinary metabolite; mouse metabolite; plant metabolite; Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite
guaiacol Guaiacol: An agent thought to have disinfectant properties and used as an expectorant. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p747). methylcatechol : Any member of the class of catechols carrying one or more methyl substituents.. guaiacol : A monomethoxybenzene that consists of phenol with a methoxy substituent at the ortho position.	3.54	8	0	guaiacols	disinfectant; EC 1.1.1.25 (shikimate dehydrogenase) inhibitor; expectorant; plant metabolite
hippuric acid hippuric acid: RN given refers to parent cpd; structure in Merck Index, 9th ed, #4591. N-benzoylglycine : An N-acylglycine in which the acyl group is specified as benzoyl.	3.24	6	0	N-acylglycine	human blood serum metabolite; uremic toxin
2-aminoadipic acid 2-Aminoadipic Acid: A metabolite in the principal biochemical pathway of lysine. It antagonizes neuroexcitatory activity modulated by the glutamate receptor, N-METHYL-D-ASPARTATE; (NMDA).. 2-aminoadipic acid : An alpha-amino acid that is adipic acid bearing a single amino substituent at position 2. An intermediate in the formation of lysine.	6.4	54	0	amino dicarboxylic acid; dicarboxylic fatty acid; non-proteinogenic alpha-amino acid	Caenorhabditis elegans metabolite; mammalian metabolite
2,4-diaminobutyric acid 2,4-diaminobutyric acid: RN given refers to parent cpd without isomeric designation. 2,4-diaminobutyric acid : A diamino acid that is butyric acid in which a hydrogen at position 2 and a hydrogen at position 4 are replaced by amino groups.	4.08	3	1	diamino acid; gamma-amino acid; non-proteinogenic alpha-amino acid
2-keto-4-methylthiobutyric acid 2-keto-4-methylthiobutyric acid: RN given refers to parent cpd; structure. 4-methylthio-2-oxobutanoic acid : A 2-oxo monocarboxylic acid derived from L-methionine via the action of methionine transaminase.	1.96	1	0	omega-(methylthio)-2-oxocarboxylic acid
methylmalonic acid Methylmalonic Acid: A malonic acid derivative which is a vital intermediate in the metabolism of fat and protein. Abnormalities in methylmalonic acid metabolism lead to methylmalonic aciduria. This metabolic disease is attributed to a block in the enzymatic conversion of methylmalonyl CoA to succinyl CoA.. methylmalonic acid : A dicarboxylic acid that is malonic acid in which one of the methylene hydrogens is substituted by a methyl group.	3.89	12	0	C4-dicarboxylic acid	human metabolite
gamma-guanidinobutyric acid gamma-guanidinobutyric acid: RN given refers to parent cpd. 4-guanidinobutyric acid : A monocarboxylic acid that is butanoic acid substituted by a guanidino group at position 4.. 4-guanidinobutanoate : A monocarboxylic acid anion that is the conjugate base of 4-guanidinobutanoic acid.. 4-guanidinobutanoic acid : The 4-guanidino derivative of butanoic acid.	2.03	1	0	guanidines; monocarboxylic acid; zwitterion	fungal metabolite; mouse metabolite; Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite
n(g),n(g')-dimethyl-l-arginine N,N-dimethylarginine: asymmetric dimethylarginine; do not confuse with N,N'-dimethylarginine	3.16	5	0	alpha-amino acid
trimetaphosphoric acid trimetaphosphoric acid: RN given refers to parent cpd; structure. cyclotriphosphoric acid : The cyclic anhydride of triphosphoric acid.	2.6	1	0	cyclic phosphorus acid anhydride; inorganic heterocyclic compound; phosphorus oxoacid
2-methylcitric acid 2-methylcitric acid: RN given refers to parent cpd	2.76	3	0	tricarboxylic acid
malic acid malic acid : A 2-hydroxydicarboxylic acid that is succinic acid in which one of the hydrogens attached to a carbon is replaced by a hydroxy group.. 2-hydroxydicarboxylic acid : Any dicarboxylic acid carrying a hydroxy group on the carbon atom at position alpha to the carboxy group.	12.12	203	2	2-hydroxydicarboxylic acid; C4-dicarboxylic acid	food acidity regulator; fundamental metabolite
propionaldehyde propionaldehyde: may cause respiratory irritation; RN given refers to parent cpd; structure. propanal : An aldehyde that consists of ethane bearing a formyl substituent. The parent of the class of propanals.	1.99	1	0	alpha-CH2-containing aldehyde; propanals	Escherichia coli metabolite
phosphoglycolate phosphoglycolate: RN given refers to parent acid. 2-phosphoglycolic acid : The O-phospho derivative of glycolic acid.	2.93	4	0	carboxyalkyl phosphate	Escherichia coli metabolite; mouse metabolite
1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylic acid 1-aminocyclopropanecarboxylic acid : A non-proteinogenic alpha-amino acid consisting of cyclopropane having amino and carboxy substituents both at the 1-position.	3.7	10	0	amino acid zwitterion; monocarboxylic acid; non-proteinogenic alpha-amino acid	ethylene releasers; plant metabolite
4-nitrobenzaldehyde 4-nitrobenzaldehyde: RN given refers to parent cpd. 4-nitrobenzaldehyde : A C-nitro compound that is benzaldehyde substituted at the para-position with a nitro group.	2.13	1	0	benzaldehydes; C-nitro compound
phosphonoacetic acid Phosphonoacetic Acid: A simple organophosphorus compound that inhibits DNA polymerase, especially in viruses and is used as an antiviral agent.. phosphonoacetic acid : A member of the class of phosphonic acids that is phosphonic acid in which the hydrogen attached to the phosphorous is replaced by a carboxymethyl group.	2.67	3	0	monocarboxylic acid; phosphonic acids	antiviral agent; EC 2.7.7.7 (DNA-directed DNA polymerase) inhibitor
3,4-dihydroxyphenylacetic acid 3,4-Dihydroxyphenylacetic Acid: A deaminated metabolite of LEVODOPA.. (3,4-dihydroxyphenyl)acetic acid : A dihydroxyphenylacetic acid having the two hydroxy substituents located at the 3- and 4-positions. It is a metabolite of dopamine.. dihydroxyphenylacetic acid : A dihydroxy monocarboxylic acid consisting of phenylacetic acid having two phenolic hydroxy substituents.	5.96	104	0	catechols; dihydroxyphenylacetic acid	human metabolite
aminocaproic acid Aminocaproic Acid: An antifibrinolytic agent that acts by inhibiting plasminogen activators which have fibrinolytic properties.. 6-aminohexanoic acid : An epsilon-amino acid comprising hexanoic acid carrying an amino substituent at position C-6. Used to control postoperative bleeding, and to treat overdose effects of the thrombolytic agents streptokinase and tissue plasminogen activator.	3.38	7	0	amino acid zwitterion; epsilon-amino acid; omega-amino fatty acid	antifibrinolytic drug; hematologic agent; metabolite
creatine [no description available]	18.8	431	28	glycine derivative; guanidines; zwitterion	geroprotector; human metabolite; mouse metabolite; neuroprotective agent; nutraceutical
cytosine [no description available]	3.85	11	0	aminopyrimidine; pyrimidine nucleobase; pyrimidone	Escherichia coli metabolite; human metabolite; mouse metabolite; Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite
alanylalanine alanylalanine: RN given refers to (DL)-isomer	1.97	1	0	dipeptide
alanine [no description available]	2.38	2	0	alpha-amino acid; amino acid zwitterion	fundamental metabolite
lactic acid Lactic Acid: A normal intermediate in the fermentation (oxidation, metabolism) of sugar. The concentrated form is used internally to prevent gastrointestinal fermentation. (From Stedman, 26th ed). 2-hydroxypropanoic acid : A 2-hydroxy monocarboxylic acid that is propanoic acid in which one of the alpha-hydrogens is replaced by a hydroxy group.	20.16	670	39	2-hydroxy monocarboxylic acid	algal metabolite; Daphnia magna metabolite
diacetyl butane-2,3-dione : An alpha-diketone that is butane substituted by oxo groups at positions 2 and 3. It is a metabolite produced during the malolactic fermentation.	4.01	4	0	alpha-diketone	Escherichia coli metabolite; Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite
diethyl phosphate diethyl phosphate: RN given refers to parent cpd. diethyl hydrogen phosphate : A dialkyl phosphate having ethyl as the alkyl group.	2.6	1	0	dialkyl phosphate	human xenobiotic metabolite; mouse metabolite
dihydroxyacetone phosphate Dihydroxyacetone Phosphate: An important intermediate in lipid biosynthesis and in glycolysis.. dihydroxyacetone phosphate : A member of the class of glycerone phosphates that consists of glycerone bearing a single phospho substituent.	3.11	5	0	glycerone phosphates; primary alpha-hydroxy ketone	Escherichia coli metabolite; human metabolite; mouse metabolite; Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite
dihydroxyacetone [no description available]	1.96	1	0	ketotriose; primary alpha-hydroxy ketone	antifungal agent; Escherichia coli metabolite; human metabolite; metabolite; mouse metabolite; Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite
1,4-dihydroxy-2-naphthoic acid [no description available]	2.08	1	0	dihydroxy monocarboxylic acid; naphthalenediols; naphthohydroquinone; naphthoic acid	Escherichia coli metabolite
dimethylglycine dimethylglycine: metabolic product of calcium pangamate; mutagen when mixed with nitrite; RN given refers to parent cpd. N,N-dimethylglycine : An N-methylglycine that is glycine carrying two N-methyl substituents.	2.45	2	0	amino acid zwitterion; N-methyl-amino acid; N-methylglycines	Daphnia magna metabolite; human metabolite; mouse metabolite
dimethylamine [no description available]	1.99	1	0	methylamines; secondary aliphatic amine	metabolite
dimethyl sulfoxide Dimethyl Sulfoxide: A highly polar organic liquid, that is used widely as a chemical solvent. Because of its ability to penetrate biological membranes, it is used as a vehicle for topical application of pharmaceuticals. It is also used to protect tissue during CRYOPRESERVATION. Dimethyl sulfoxide shows a range of pharmacological activity including analgesia and anti-inflammation.. dimethyl sulfoxide : A 2-carbon sulfoxide in which the sulfur atom has two methyl substituents.	5.91	19	0	sulfoxide; volatile organic compound	alkylating agent; antidote; Escherichia coli metabolite; geroprotector; MRI contrast agent; non-narcotic analgesic; polar aprotic solvent; radical scavenger
ethanolamine [no description available]	8.25	6	0	ethanolamines; primary alcohol; primary amine	Escherichia coli metabolite; human metabolite; mouse metabolite
formaldehyde paraform: polymerized formaldehyde; RN given refers to parent cpd; used in root canal therapy	9.51	102	1	aldehyde; one-carbon compound	allergen; carcinogenic agent; disinfectant; EC 3.5.1.4 (amidase) inhibitor; environmental contaminant; Escherichia coli metabolite; mouse metabolite; Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite
3-phosphoglycerate 3-phosphoglycerate : An organic anion obtained by deprotonation of at least one of the acidic groups of 3-phosphoglyceric acid.	2.02	1	0	monophosphoglyceric acid; tetronic acid derivative	algal metabolite; fundamental metabolite
gamma-butyrobetaine 4-(trimethylammonio)butanoate : An amino-acid betaine gamma-aminobutyric acid zwitterion in which all of the hydrogens attached to the nitrogen are replaced by methyl groups.	2.68	3	0	amino-acid betaine	Escherichia coli metabolite; human metabolite
glutaric acid glutaric acid: RN given refers to parent cpd. glutaric acid : An alpha,omega-dicarboxylic acid that is a linear five-carbon dicarboxylic acid.	8.38	7	0	alpha,omega-dicarboxylic acid; dicarboxylic fatty acid	Daphnia magna metabolite; human metabolite
glycine [no description available]	20.94	1,764	15	alpha-amino acid; amino acid zwitterion; proteinogenic amino acid; serine family amino acid	EC 2.1.2.1 (glycine hydroxymethyltransferase) inhibitor; fundamental metabolite; hepatoprotective agent; micronutrient; neurotransmitter; NMDA receptor agonist; nutraceutical
glyceraldehyde Glyceraldehyde: An aldotriose containing the propionaldehyde structure with hydroxy groups at the 2- and 3-positions. It is involved in the formation of ADVANCED GLYCOSYLATION END PRODUCTS.. glyceraldehyde : An aldotriose comprising propanal having hydroxy groups at the 2- and 3-positions. It plays role in the formation of advanced glycation end-products (AGEs), a deleterious accompaniment to ageing.. aldose : Aldehydic parent sugars (polyhydroxy aldehydes H[CH(OH)]nC(=O)H, n >= 2) and their intramolecular hemiacetals.	2.69	2	0	aldotriose	fundamental metabolite
glycerol Moon: The natural satellite of the planet Earth. It includes the lunar cycles or phases, the lunar month, lunar landscapes, geography, and soil.	17.71	141	7	alditol; triol	algal metabolite; detergent; Escherichia coli metabolite; geroprotector; human metabolite; mouse metabolite; osmolyte; Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite; solvent
alpha-glycerophosphoric acid [no description available]	3.78	11	0	glycerol monophosphate	algal metabolite; human metabolite
glyoxylic acid glyoxylic acid: RN given refers to parent cpd. glyoxylic acid : A 2-oxo monocarboxylic acid that is acetic acid bearing an oxo group at the alpha carbon atom.	4.01	14	0	2-oxo monocarboxylic acid; aldehydic acid	Escherichia coli metabolite; human metabolite; mouse metabolite; Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite
glycocyamine glycocyamine: RN given refers to parent cpd; structure. guanidinoacetate : A monocarboxylic acid anion that is the conjugate base of guanidinoacetic acid, obtained by deprotonation of the carboxy group.. guanidinoacetic acid : The N-amidino derivative of glycine.	2.43	2	0	guanidinoacetic acids; zwitterion	bacterial metabolite; human metabolite; mouse metabolite; nutraceutical; rat metabolite
hydrogen carbonate Bicarbonates: Inorganic salts that contain the -HCO3 radical. They are an important factor in determining the pH of the blood and the concentration of bicarbonate ions is regulated by the kidney. Levels in the blood are an index of the alkali reserve or buffering capacity.. hydrogencarbonate : The carbon oxoanion resulting from the removal of a proton from carbonic acid.	10.29	65	2	carbon oxoanion	cofactor; Escherichia coli metabolite; human metabolite; mouse metabolite; Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite
histamine [no description available]	13.71	95	0	aralkylamino compound; imidazoles	human metabolite; mouse metabolite; neurotransmitter
toxopyrimidine 4-amino-5-hydroxymethyl-2-methylpyrimidine : An aminopyrimidine that is pyrimidine in which the hydrogens at positions 2, 4, and 5 are replaced by methyl, amino, and hydroxymethyl substituents, respectively.	6.93	1	0	aminopyrimidine; aromatic primary alcohol	Escherichia coli metabolite; Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite
homogentisic acid Homogentisic Acid: Dihydroxyphenylacetic acid with hydroxyls at the 2 and 5 positions of the phenyl ring.. homogentisic acid : A dihydroxyphenylacetic acid having the two hydroxy substituents at the 2- and 5-positions.	2	1	0	dihydroxyphenylacetic acid; hydroquinones	human metabolite; plant metabolite
hydantoin-5-propionic acid hydantoin-5-propionic acid: metabolite of histidine. hydantoin-5-propionic acid : A imidazolidine-2,4-dione that is hydantoin substituted by a 2-carboxyethyl group at position 4.	6.93	1	0	imidazolidine-2,4-dione; monocarboxylic acid	metabolite; mouse metabolite
hydrogen Hydrogen: The first chemical element in the periodic table with atomic symbol H, and atomic number 1. Protium (atomic weight 1) is by far the most common hydrogen isotope. Hydrogen also exists as the stable isotope DEUTERIUM (atomic weight 2) and the radioactive isotope TRITIUM (atomic weight 3). Hydrogen forms into a diatomic molecule at room temperature and appears as a highly flammable colorless and odorless gas.. dihydrogen : An elemental molecule consisting of two hydrogens joined by a single bond.	9.78	132	1	elemental hydrogen; elemental molecule; gas molecular entity	antioxidant; electron donor; food packaging gas; fuel; human metabolite
hydroquinone [no description available]	3.61	9	0	benzenediol; hydroquinones	antioxidant; carcinogenic agent; cofactor; Escherichia coli metabolite; human xenobiotic metabolite; mouse metabolite; skin lightening agent
hydroxylamine amino alcohol : An alcohol containing an amino functional group in addition to the alcohol-defining hydroxy group.	4.28	19	0	hydroxylamines	algal metabolite; bacterial xenobiotic metabolite; EC 1.1.3.13 (alcohol oxidase) inhibitor; EC 4.2.1.22 (cystathionine beta-synthase) inhibitor; EC 4.3.1.10 (serine-sulfate ammonia-lyase) inhibitor; nitric oxide donor; nucleophilic reagent
imidazole imidazole: RN given refers to parent cpd. 1H-imidazole : An imidazole tautomer which has the migrating hydrogen at position 1.	3.25	6	0	imidazole
indole [no description available]	2.25	1	0	indole; polycyclic heteroarene	Escherichia coli metabolite
indoleacetic acid indoleacetic acid: RN given refers to unlabeled parent cpd; structure in Merck Index, 9th ed, #4841. auxin : Any of a group of compounds, both naturally occurring and synthetic, that induce cell elongation in plant stems (from Greek alphaupsilonxialphanuomega, "to grow").. indole-3-acetic acid : A monocarboxylic acid that is acetic acid in which one of the methyl hydrogens has been replaced by a 1H-indol-3-yl group.	3.49	7	0	indole-3-acetic acids; monocarboxylic acid	auxin; human metabolite; mouse metabolite; plant hormone; plant metabolite
iodine Iodine: A nonmetallic element of the halogen group that is represented by the atomic symbol I, atomic number 53, and atomic weight of 126.90. It is a nutritionally essential element, especially important in thyroid hormone synthesis. In solution, it has anti-infective properties and is used topically.. diiodine : Molecule comprising two covalently bonded iodine atoms with overall zero charge..	3.27	6	0	diatomic iodine	nutrient
itaconic acid itaconic acid : A dicarboxylic acid that is methacrylic acid in which one of the methyl hydrogens is substituted by a carboxylic acid group.	2.45	2	0	dicarboxylic acid; dicarboxylic fatty acid; olefinic compound	fungal metabolite; human metabolite
dihydroxyphenylalanine Dihydroxyphenylalanine: A beta-hydroxylated derivative of phenylalanine. The D-form of dihydroxyphenylalanine has less physiologic activity than the L-form and is commonly used experimentally to determine whether the pharmacological effects of LEVODOPA are stereospecific.. dopa : A hydroxyphenylalanine carrying hydroxy substituents at positions 3 and 4 of the benzene ring.	6.79	18	0	hydroxyphenylalanine; non-proteinogenic alpha-amino acid; tyrosine derivative	human metabolite
kynurenine Kynurenine: A metabolite of the essential amino acid tryptophan metabolized via the tryptophan-kynurenine pathway.. kynurenine : A ketone that is alanine in which one of the methyl hydrogens is substituted by a 2-aminobenzoyl group.	12.38	61	1	aromatic ketone; non-proteinogenic alpha-amino acid; substituted aniline	human metabolite
pipecolic acid pipecolic acid: RN given refers to cpd without isomeric designation. pipecolic acid : A piperidinemonocarboxylic acid in which the carboxy group is located at position C-2.. pipecolate : A piperidinecarboxylate that is the conjugate base of pipecolic acid.	3.5	8	0	piperidinemonocarboxylic acid
lipoamide Lipozyme: lipase from Rhizomucor miehei immobilized on anion exchange resin	2.92	4	0	dithiolanes; monocarboxylic acid amide	Escherichia coli metabolite; human metabolite; mouse metabolite; Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite
thioctic acid Thioctic Acid: An octanoic acid bridged with two sulfurs so that it is sometimes also called a pentanoic acid in some naming schemes. It is biosynthesized by cleavage of LINOLEIC ACID and is a coenzyme of oxoglutarate dehydrogenase (KETOGLUTARATE DEHYDROGENASE COMPLEX). It is used in DIETARY SUPPLEMENTS.	7.91	31	0	dithiolanes; heterocyclic fatty acid; thia fatty acid	fundamental metabolite; geroprotector
endolysin lysine-4,4,5,5-d4 : A deuterated compound that is lysne in which the methylene hydrogens at positions 4, 4, 5 and 5 have been replaced by deuterium.	2.41	1	0	alpha-amino acid; diamino acid; polar amino acid	Daphnia magna metabolite
malonic acid malonic acid : An alpha,omega-dicarboxylic acid in which the two carboxy groups are separated by a single methylene group.. dicarboxylic acid : Any carboxylic acid containing two carboxy groups.	4.54	25	0	alpha,omega-dicarboxylic acid	human metabolite
racemethionine Racemethionine: A preparation of METHIONINE that includes a mixture of D-methionine and L-methionine isomers.	2.6	1	0	alpha-amino acid; amino acid zwitterion; sulfur-containing amino acid	algal metabolite; Daphnia magna metabolite; Escherichia coli metabolite; plant metabolite; Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite
pyruvaldehyde Pyruvaldehyde: An organic compound used often as a reagent in organic synthesis, as a flavoring agent, and in tanning. It has been demonstrated as an intermediate in the metabolism of acetone and its derivatives in isolated cell preparations, in various culture media, and in vivo in certain animals.. methylglyoxal : A 2-oxo aldehyde derived from propanal.	4.04	13	0	2-oxo aldehyde; propanals	Escherichia coli metabolite; human metabolite; mouse metabolite; Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite
methanol Methanol: A colorless, flammable liquid used in the manufacture of FORMALDEHYDE and ACETIC ACID, in chemical synthesis, antifreeze, and as a solvent. Ingestion of methanol is toxic and may cause blindness.. primary alcohol : A primary alcohol is a compound in which a hydroxy group, -OH, is attached to a saturated carbon atom which has either three hydrogen atoms attached to it or only one other carbon atom and two hydrogen atoms attached to it.. methanol : The primary alcohol that is the simplest aliphatic alcohol, comprising a methyl and an alcohol group.	11.75	44	0	alkyl alcohol; one-carbon compound; primary alcohol; volatile organic compound	amphiprotic solvent; Escherichia coli metabolite; fuel; human metabolite; mouse metabolite; Mycoplasma genitalium metabolite
phytic acid Phytic Acid: Complexing agent for removal of traces of heavy metal ions. It acts also as a hypocalcemic agent.. myo-inositol hexakisphosphate : A myo-inositol hexakisphosphate in which each hydroxy group of myo-inositol is monophosphorylated.	2.39	2	0	inositol phosphate
inositol Inositol: An isomer of glucose that has traditionally been considered to be a B vitamin although it has an uncertain status as a vitamin and a deficiency syndrome has not been identified in man. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p1379) Inositol phospholipids are important in signal transduction.. inositol : Any cyclohexane-1,2,3,4,5,6-hexol.. 1D-chiro-inositol : Belonging to the inositol family of compounds, D-chiro-inositol (DCI) is an isomer of glucose. It is an important secondary messenger in insulin signal transduction.. muco-inositol : An inositol that is cyclohexane-1,2,3,4,5,6-hexol having a (1R,2R,3r,4R,5S,6r)-configuration.	17.77	317	21	cyclitol; hexol
melatonin [no description available]	17.47	88	1	acetamides; tryptamines	anticonvulsant; central nervous system depressant; geroprotector; hormone; human metabolite; immunological adjuvant; mouse metabolite; radical scavenger
croton oil [no description available]	2.1	1	0	N-acyl-hexosamine
n-acetylserotonin N-acetylserotonin : An N-acylserotonin resulting from the formal condensation of the primary amino group of serotonin with the carboxy group of acetic acid.	2.69	3	0	acetamides; N-acylserotonin; phenols	antioxidant; human metabolite; mouse metabolite; tropomyosin-related kinase B receptor agonist
n'-acetylspermine N(1)-acetylspermine : An acetylspermine carrying an acetyl group at position N(1).	2.1	1	0	acetamides; acetylspermine	human metabolite
naphthalene [no description available]	2.72	3	0	naphthalenes; ortho-fused bicyclic arene	apoptosis inhibitor; carcinogenic agent; environmental contaminant; mouse metabolite; plant metabolite; volatile oil component
nickel Nickel: A trace element with the atomic symbol Ni, atomic number 28, and atomic weight 58.69. It is a cofactor of the enzyme UREASE.. nickel ion : A nickel atom having a net electric charge.. nickel atom : Chemical element (nickel group element atom) with atomic number 28.	4.95	37	0	metal allergen; nickel group element atom	epitope; micronutrient
niacinamide nicotinamide : A pyridinecarboxamide that is pyridine in which the hydrogen at position 3 is replaced by a carboxamide group.	4.61	26	0	pyridine alkaloid; pyridinecarboxamide; vitamin B3	anti-inflammatory agent; antioxidant; cofactor; EC 2.4.2.30 (NAD(+) ADP-ribosyltransferase) inhibitor; EC 3.5.1.98 (histone deacetylase) inhibitor; Escherichia coli metabolite; geroprotector; human urinary metabolite; metabolite; mouse metabolite; neuroprotective agent; Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite; Sir2 inhibitor
niacin Niacin: A water-soluble vitamin of the B complex occurring in various animal and plant tissues. It is required by the body for the formation of coenzymes NAD and NADP. It has PELLAGRA-curative, vasodilating, and antilipemic properties.. vitamin B3 : Any member of a group of vitamers that belong to the chemical structural class called pyridines that exhibit biological activity against vitamin B3 deficiency. Vitamin B3 deficiency causes a condition known as pellagra whose symptoms include depression, dermatitis and diarrhea. The vitamers include nicotinic acid and nicotinamide (and their ionized and salt forms).. nicotinic acid : A pyridinemonocarboxylic acid that is pyridine in which the hydrogen at position 3 is replaced by a carboxy group.	6.06	23	0	pyridine alkaloid; pyridinemonocarboxylic acid; vitamin B3	antidote; antilipemic drug; EC 3.5.1.19 (nicotinamidase) inhibitor; Escherichia coli metabolite; human urinary metabolite; metabolite; mouse metabolite; plant metabolite; vasodilator agent
nitrates Nitrates: Inorganic or organic salts and esters of nitric acid. These compounds contain the NO3- radical.	10.5	104	1	monovalent inorganic anion; nitrogen oxoanion; reactive nitrogen species
nitric acid Nitric Acid: Nitric acid (HNO3). A colorless liquid that is used in the manufacture of inorganic and organic nitrates and nitro compounds for fertilizers, dye intermediates, explosives, and many different organic chemicals. Continued exposure to vapor may cause chronic bronchitis; chemical pneumonitis may occur. (From Merck Index, 11th ed). nitric acid : A nitrogen oxoacid of formula HNO3 in which the nitrogen atom is bonded to a hydroxy group and by equivalent bonds to the remaining two oxygen atoms.	2.72	3	0	nitrogen oxoacid	protic solvent; reagent
nitroxyl nitroxyl: hydroxamic acid oxidized to nitroxyl free radical. nitroxyl : A nitrogen oxoacid consisting of an oxygen atom double-bonded to an NH group.	2.94	4	0	nitrogen oxoacid
nitrites Nitrites: Salts of nitrous acid or compounds containing the group NO2-. The inorganic nitrites of the type MNO2 (where M=metal) are all insoluble, except the alkali nitrites. The organic nitrites may be isomeric, but not identical with the corresponding nitro compounds. (Grant & Hackh's Chemical Dictionary, 5th ed)	6.92	65	1	monovalent inorganic anion; nitrogen oxoanion; reactive nitrogen species	human metabolite
nitrous oxide Nitrous Oxide: Nitrogen oxide (N2O). A colorless, odorless gas that is used as an anesthetic and analgesic. High concentrations cause a narcotic effect and may replace oxygen, causing death by asphyxia. It is also used as a food aerosol in the preparation of whipping cream.. dinitrogen oxide : A nitrogen oxide consisting of linear unsymmetrical molecules with formula N2O. While it is the most used gaseous anaesthetic in the world, its major commercial use, due to its solubility under pressure in vegetable fats combined with its non-toxicity in low concentrations, is as an aerosol spray propellant and aerating agent for canisters of 'whipped' cream.	3.99	13	0	gas molecular entity; nitrogen oxide	analgesic; bacterial metabolite; food packaging gas; food propellant; general anaesthetic; greenhouse gas; inhalation anaesthetic; NMDA receptor antagonist; raising agent; refrigerant; vasodilator agent
2-succinylbenzoate o-succinylbenzoic acid: structure	1.96	1	0	dicarboxylic acid
1-octanol 1-Octanol: A colorless, slightly viscous liquid used as a defoaming or wetting agent. It is also used as a solvent for protective coatings, waxes, and oils, and as a raw material for plasticizers. (From McGraw-Hill Dictionary of Scientific and Technical Terms, 5th ed). octan-1-ol : An octanol carrying the hydroxy group at position 1.	2.5	2	0	octanol; primary alcohol	antifungal agent; bacterial metabolite; fuel additive; kairomone; plant metabolite
hydroxide ion [no description available]	2.73	3	0	oxygen hydride	mouse metabolite
hydroxypyruvic acid hydroxypyruvic acid: RN given refers to parent cpd. 3-hydroxypyruvic acid : A 2-oxo monocarboxylic acid that is pyruvic acid in which one of the methyl hydrogens is substituted by a hydroxy group. It is an intermediate involved in the glycine and serine metabolism.	1.96	1	0	2-oxo monocarboxylic acid; 3-hydroxy monocarboxylic acid; primary alpha-hydroxy ketone	Escherichia coli metabolite; human metabolite
orotic acid Orotic Acid: An intermediate product in PYRIMIDINE synthesis which plays a role in chemical conversions between DIHYDROFOLATE and TETRAHYDROFOLATE.. orotic acid : A pyrimidinemonocarboxylic acid that is uracil bearing a carboxy substituent at position C-6.	5.34	7	2	pyrimidinemonocarboxylic acid	Escherichia coli metabolite; metabolite; mouse metabolite
oxaloacetic acid Oxaloacetic Acid: A dicarboxylic acid ketone that is an important metabolic intermediate of the CITRIC ACID CYCLE. It can be converted to ASPARTIC ACID by ASPARTATE TRANSAMINASE.. oxaloacetic acid : An oxodicarboxylic acid that is succinic acid bearing a single oxo group.	10.09	64	0	C4-dicarboxylic acid; oxo dicarboxylic acid	geroprotector; metabolite
oxalic acid Oxalic Acid: A strong dicarboxylic acid occurring in many plants and vegetables. It is produced in the body by metabolism of glyoxylic acid or ascorbic acid. It is not metabolized but excreted in the urine. It is used as an analytical reagent and general reducing agent.. oxalic acid : An alpha,omega-dicarboxylic acid that is ethane substituted by carboxyl groups at positions 1 and 2.	2.93	4	0	alpha,omega-dicarboxylic acid	algal metabolite; human metabolite; plant metabolite
oxamic acid Oxamic Acid: Amino-substituted glyoxylic acid derivative.. oxamic acid : A dicarboxylic acid monoamide resulting from the formal condensation of one of the carboxy groups of oxalic acid with ammonia.	2.9	4	0	dicarboxylic acid monoamide	Escherichia coli metabolite
4-aminobenzoic acid 4-Aminobenzoic Acid: An aminobenzoic acid isomer that combines with pteridine and GLUTAMIC ACID to form FOLIC ACID. The fact that 4-aminobenzoic acid absorbs light throughout the UVB range has also resulted in its use as an ingredient in SUNSCREENS.. 4-ammoniobenzoate : A zwitterion obtained by transfer of a proton from the carboxy to the amino group of 4-aminobenzoic acid.. 4-aminobenzoic acid : An aminobenzoic acid in which the amino group is para to the carboxy group.	4.87	11	0	aminobenzoic acid; aromatic amino-acid zwitterion	allergen; Escherichia coli metabolite; plant metabolite
4-nitrophenol 4-nitrophenol: RN given refers to parent cpd. mononitrophenol : A nitrophenol that is phenol carrying a single nitro substituent at unspecified position.. 4-nitrophenol : A member of the class of 4-nitrophenols that is phenol in which the hydrogen that is para to the hydroxy group has been replaced by a nitro group.	2.03	1	0	4-nitrophenols	human xenobiotic metabolite; mouse metabolite
triphosphoric acid triphosphoric acid: used as water softener, peptizing agent, emulsifier & dispersing agent; ingredient of cleansers; meat preservative; RN given refers to parent cpd; structure	2.77	3	0	acyclic phosphorus acid anhydride; phosphorus oxoacid
palmitic acid Palmitic Acid: A common saturated fatty acid found in fats and waxes including olive oil, palm oil, and body lipids.. hexadecanoic acid : A straight-chain, sixteen-carbon, saturated long-chain fatty acid.	5.41	19	0	long-chain fatty acid; straight-chain saturated fatty acid	algal metabolite; Daphnia magna metabolite; EC 1.1.1.189 (prostaglandin-E2 9-reductase) inhibitor; plant metabolite
phenol [no description available]	3.51	7	0	phenols	antiseptic drug; disinfectant; human xenobiotic metabolite; mouse metabolite
phenylpyruvic acid phenylpyruvic acid: RN given refers to parent cpd. phenylpyruvate : A 2-oxo monocarboxylic acid anion resulting from deprotonation of the carboxy group of either keto- or enol-phenylpyruvic acid.. keto-phenylpyruvic acid : A 2-oxo monocarboxylic acid that is 3-phenylpropanoic acid substituted by an oxo group at position 2. It is an intermediate metabolite in the phenylalanine pathway.	3.08	5	0	2-oxo monocarboxylic acid	chromogenic compound; EC 6.4.1.1 (pyruvate carboxylase) inhibitor; fundamental metabolite
phenylacetic acid phenylacetic acid : A monocarboxylic acid that is toluene in which one of the hydrogens of the methyl group has been replaced by a carboxy group.	3.1	5	0	benzenes; monocarboxylic acid; phenylacetic acids	allergen; Aspergillus metabolite; auxin; EC 6.4.1.1 (pyruvate carboxylase) inhibitor; Escherichia coli metabolite; human metabolite; plant growth retardant; plant metabolite; Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite; toxin
phenethylamine phenethylamine: RN given refers to parent cpd; structure in Merck Index, 9th ed, #7016. 2-phenylethylamine : A phenylethylamine having the phenyl substituent at the 2-position.	4.19	5	0	alkaloid; aralkylamine; phenylethylamine	Escherichia coli metabolite; human metabolite; mouse metabolite
phosphoric acid phosphoric acid: concise etchant is 37% H3PO4. phosphoric acid : A phosphorus oxoacid that consists of one oxo and three hydroxy groups joined covalently to a central phosphorus atom.	2.69	3	0	phosphoric acids	algal metabolite; fertilizer; human metabolite; NMR chemical shift reference compound; solvent
phosphoenolpyruvate Phosphoenolpyruvate: A monocarboxylic acid anion derived from selective deprotonation of the carboxy group of phosphoenolpyruvic acid. It is a metabolic intermediate in GLYCOLYSIS; GLUCONEOGENESIS; and other pathways.. phosphoenolpyruvate : A monocarboxylic acid anion resuting from selective deprotonation of the carboxy group of phosphoenolpyruvic acid.. phosphoenolpyruvic acid : A monocarboxylic acid that is acrylic acid substituted by a phosphonooxy group at position 2. It is a metabolic intermediate in pathways like glycolysis and gluconeogenesis.	4.2	17	0	carboxyalkyl phosphate; monocarboxylic acid	fundamental metabolite
phosphorylcholine Phosphorylcholine: Calcium and magnesium salts used therapeutically in hepatobiliary dysfunction.. phosphocholine : The phosphate of choline; and the parent compound of the phosphocholine family.	4.8	31	0	phosphocholines	allergen; epitope; hapten; human metabolite; mouse metabolite
phosphorylethanolamine phosphorylethanolamine: RN given refers to parent cpd; structure. O-phosphoethanolamine : The ethanolamine mono-ester of phosphoric acid, and a metabolite of phospholipid metabolism. This phosphomonoester shows strong structural similarity to the inhibitory neurotransmitter GABA, and is decreased in post-mortem Alzheimer's disease brain.	4.57	25	0	phosphoethanolamine; primary amino compound	algal metabolite; human metabolite; mouse metabolite
phthalic acid phthalic acid: RN given refers to parent cpd; structure in Merck Index, 9th ed, #7178. phthalic acid : A benzenedicarboxylic acid cosisting of two carboxy groups at ortho positions.	2.06	1	0	benzenedicarboxylic acid	human xenobiotic metabolite
picolinic acid picolinic acid: iron-chelating agent that inhibits DNA synthesis; may interfere with iron-dependent production of stable free organic radical which is essential for ribonucleotide reductase formation of deoxyribonucleotides; RN given refers to parent cpd; structure in Merck Index, 9th ed, #7206. picolinic acid : A pyridinemonocarboxylic acid in which the carboxy group is located at position 2. It is an intermediate in the metabolism of tryptophan.	1.98	1	0	pyridinemonocarboxylic acid	human metabolite; MALDI matrix material
porphobilinogen [no description available]	2.36	2	0	aralkylamino compound; dicarboxylic acid; pyrroles	Escherichia coli metabolite; metabolite; mouse metabolite
pqq cofactor PQQ Cofactor: A pyrrolo-quinoline having two adjacent keto-groups at the 4 and 5 positions and three acidic carboxyl groups. It is a coenzyme of some DEHYDROGENASES.. pyrroloquinoline quinone : A pyrroloquinoline having oxo groups at the 4- and 5-positions and carboxy groups at the 2-, 7- and 9-positions.	4.63	8	0	orthoquinones; pyrroloquinoline cofactor; tricarboxylic acid	anti-inflammatory agent; antioxidant; cofactor; water-soluble vitamin (role)
propylene glycol Propylene Glycol: A clear, colorless, viscous organic solvent and diluent used in pharmaceutical preparations.. propane-1,2-diol : The simplest member of the class of propane-1,2-diols, consisting of propane in which a hydrogen at position 1 and a hydrogen at position 2 are substituted by hydroxy groups. A colourless, viscous, hygroscopic, low-melting (-59degreeC) and high-boiling (188degreeC) liquid with low toxicity, it is used as a solvent, emulsifying agent, and antifreeze.	3.83	2	1	glycol; propane-1,2-diols	allergen; human xenobiotic metabolite; mouse metabolite; protic solvent
1-propanol 1-Propanol: A colorless liquid made by oxidation of aliphatic hydrocarbons that is used as a solvent and chemical intermediate.. propan-1-ol : The parent member of the class of propan-1-ols that is propane in which a hydrogen of one of the methyl groups is replaced by a hydroxy group.	2.03	1	0	propan-1-ols; short-chain primary fatty alcohol	metabolite; protic solvent
propionic acid propionic acid : A short-chain saturated fatty acid comprising ethane attached to the carbon of a carboxy group.	4.68	28	0	saturated fatty acid; short-chain fatty acid	antifungal drug
pteridines [no description available]	4.49	7	0	azaarene; mancude organic heterobicyclic parent; ortho-fused heteroarene; pteridines
purine 1H-purine : The 1H-tautomer of purine.. 3H-purine : The 3H-tautomer of purine.. 9H-purine : The 9H-tautomer of purine.. 7H-purine : The 7H-tautomer of purine.	3.62	9	0	purine
putrescine [no description available]	5.75	27	0	alkane-alpha,omega-diamine	antioxidant; fundamental metabolite
pyrazinamide pyrazinecarboxamide : A monocarboxylic acid amide resulting from the formal condensation of the carboxy group of pyrazinoic acid (pyrazine-2-carboxylic acid) with ammonia. A prodrug for pyrazinoic acid, pyrazinecarboxamide is used as part of multidrug regimens for the treatment of tuberculosis.	2.05	1	0	monocarboxylic acid amide; N-acylammonia; pyrazines	antitubercular agent; prodrug
pyrazole 1H-pyrazole : The 1H-tautomer of pyrazole.	2.02	1	0	pyrazole
pyridine azine : An organonitrogen compound of general structure RCH=N-N=CHR or RR'C=N-N=CRR'.	2.9	4	0	azaarene; mancude organic heteromonocyclic parent; monocyclic heteroarene; pyridines	environmental contaminant; NMR chemical shift reference compound
pyridoxal [no description available]	2.01	1	0	hydroxymethylpyridine; methylpyridines; monohydroxypyridine; pyridinecarbaldehyde; vitamin B6	cofactor; Escherichia coli metabolite; human metabolite; mouse metabolite; Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite
pyridoxal phosphate Pyridoxal Phosphate: This is the active form of VITAMIN B 6 serving as a coenzyme for synthesis of amino acids, neurotransmitters (serotonin, norepinephrine), sphingolipids, aminolevulinic acid. During transamination of amino acids, pyridoxal phosphate is transiently converted into pyridoxamine phosphate (PYRIDOXAMINE).. pyridoxal 5'-phosphate : The monophosphate ester obtained by condensation of phosphoric acid with the primary hydroxy group of pyridoxal.	7.2	90	1	methylpyridines; monohydroxypyridine; pyridinecarbaldehyde; vitamin B6 phosphate	coenzyme; cofactor; EC 2.7.7.7 (DNA-directed DNA polymerase) inhibitor; Escherichia coli metabolite; human metabolite; mouse metabolite; Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite
pyridoxamine [no description available]	3.49	8	0	aminoalkylpyridine; hydroxymethylpyridine; monohydroxypyridine; vitamin B6	Escherichia coli metabolite; human metabolite; iron chelator; mouse metabolite; nephroprotective agent; plant metabolite; Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite
pyridoxamine phosphate pyridoxamine phosphate: RN given refers to parent cpd; structure. pyridoxamine 5'-phosphate : A vitamin B6 phosphate that is the phosphoric ester derivative of pyridoxamine.	3.22	6	0	aminoalkylpyridine; methylpyridines; monohydroxypyridine; vitamin B6 phosphate	Escherichia coli metabolite; human metabolite; mouse metabolite; Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite
pyridoxine 4,5-bis(hydroxymethyl)-2-methylpyridin-3-ol: structure in first source. vitamin B6 : Any member of the group of pyridines that exhibit biological activity against vitamin B6 deficiency. Vitamin B6 deficiency is associated with microcytic anemia, electroencephalographic abnormalities, dermatitis with cheilosis (scaling on the lips and cracks at the corners of the mouth) and glossitis (swollen tongue), depression and confusion, and weakened immune function. Vitamin B6 consists of the vitamers pyridoxine, pyridoxal, and pyridoxamine and their respective 5'-phosphate esters (and includes their corresponding ionized and salt forms).	5.85	31	0	hydroxymethylpyridine; methylpyridines; monohydroxypyridine; vitamin B6	cofactor; Escherichia coli metabolite; human metabolite; mouse metabolite; Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite
pyridoxine 5-phosphate pyridoxine 5-phosphate: RN given refers to parent cpd	1.98	1	0	vitamin B6 phosphate	Escherichia coli metabolite; mouse metabolite
pyruvic acid Pyruvic Acid: An intermediate compound in the metabolism of carbohydrates, proteins, and fats. In thiamine deficiency, its oxidation is retarded and it accumulates in the tissues, especially in nervous structures. (From Stedman, 26th ed). pyruvic acid : A 2-oxo monocarboxylic acid that is the 2-keto derivative of propionic acid. It is a metabolite obtained during glycolysis.	17.28	398	20	2-oxo monocarboxylic acid	cofactor; fundamental metabolite
quinolinic acid Quinolinic Acid: A metabolite of tryptophan with a possible role in neurodegenerative disorders. Elevated CSF levels of quinolinic acid are correlated with the severity of neuropsychological deficits in patients who have AIDS.. pyridinedicarboxylic acid : Any member of the class of pyridines carrying two carboxy groups.. quinolinic acid : A pyridinedicarboxylic acid that is pyridine substituted by carboxy groups at positions 2 and 3. It is a metabolite of tryptophan.	10.15	101	0	pyridinedicarboxylic acid	Escherichia coli metabolite; human metabolite; mouse metabolite; NMDA receptor agonist
thiosulfates Thiosulfates: Inorganic salts of thiosulfuric acid possessing the general formula R2S2O3.. thiosulfate(2-) : A divalent inorganic anion obtained by removal of both protons from thiosulfuric acid.	2.03	1	0	divalent inorganic anion; sulfur oxide; sulfur oxoanion	human metabolite
dithionite Dithionite: Dithionite. The dithionous acid ion and its salts.	3.39	7	0	sulfur oxide; sulfur oxoanion
sarcosine cocobetaine: N-alkyl-betaine; cause of shampoo dermatitis	7.82	12	1	N-alkylglycine zwitterion; N-alkylglycine; N-methyl-amino acid; N-methylglycines	Escherichia coli metabolite; glycine receptor agonist; glycine transporter 1 inhibitor; human metabolite; mouse metabolite
selenious acid Selenious Acid: A selenium compound with the molecular formula H2SO3. It used as a source of SELENIUM, especially for patients that develop selenium deficiency following prolonged PARENTERAL NUTRITION.	2.42	2	0	selenium oxoacid
shikimic acid-3-phosphate shikimic acid-3-phosphate: RN given refers to (3R-(3alpha,4alpha,5beta))-isomer; structure given in first source	2.37	2	0
sulfites Sulfites: Inorganic salts of sulfurous acid.. sulfites : Any sulfurous acid derivative that is a salt or an ester of sulfurous acid.. organosulfonate oxoanion : An organic anion obtained by deprotonation of the sufonate group(s) of any organosulfonic acid.. sulfite : A sulfur oxoanion that is the conjugate base of hydrogen sulfite (H2SO3).	3.28	6	0	divalent inorganic anion; sulfur oxide; sulfur oxoanion
spermidine [no description available]	6.06	38	0	polyazaalkane; triamine	autophagy inducer; fundamental metabolite; geroprotector
spermine [no description available]	7.46	66	0	polyazaalkane; tetramine	antioxidant; fundamental metabolite; immunosuppressive agent
succinic acid Succinic Acid: A water-soluble, colorless crystal with an acid taste that is used as a chemical intermediate, in medicine, the manufacture of lacquers, and to make perfume esters. It is also used in foods as a sequestrant, buffer, and a neutralizing agent. (Hawley's Condensed Chemical Dictionary, 12th ed, p1099; McGraw-Hill Dictionary of Scientific and Technical Terms, 4th ed, p1851). succinic acid : An alpha,omega-dicarboxylic acid resulting from the formal oxidation of each of the terminal methyl groups of butane to the corresponding carboxy group. It is an intermediate metabolite in the citric acid cycle.	16.02	205	0	alpha,omega-dicarboxylic acid; C4-dicarboxylic acid	anti-ulcer drug; fundamental metabolite; micronutrient; nutraceutical; radiation protective agent
succinic semialdehyde succinic semialdehyde: structure	3.39	7	0	aldehydic acid	Escherichia coli metabolite; mouse metabolite
sulfuric acid sulfuric acid : A sulfur oxoacid that consists of two oxo and two hydroxy groups joined covalently to a central sulfur atom.	2.03	1	0	sulfur oxoacid	catalyst
sulfur dioxide Sulfur Dioxide: A highly toxic, colorless, nonflammable gas. It is used as a pharmaceutical aid and antioxidant. It is also an environmental air pollutant.	2.08	1	0	sulfur oxide	Escherichia coli metabolite; food bleaching agent; refrigerant
taurine [no description available]	16.39	519	8	amino sulfonic acid; zwitterion	antioxidant; Escherichia coli metabolite; glycine receptor agonist; human metabolite; mouse metabolite; nutrient; radical scavenger; Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite
thiamine thiamine(1+) : A primary alcohol that is 1,3-thiazol-3-ium substituted by (4-amino-2-methylpyrimidin-5-yl)methyl, methyl and 2-hydroxyethyl groups at positions 3, 4 and 5, respectively.	9.47	23	0	primary alcohol; vitamin B1	Escherichia coli metabolite; human metabolite; mouse metabolite; Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite
thymine [no description available]	9.32	19	0	pyrimidine nucleobase; pyrimidone	Escherichia coli metabolite; human metabolite; mouse metabolite
toluene methylbenzene : Any alkylbenzene that is benzene substituted with one or more methyl groups.	11	20	0	methylbenzene; toluenes; volatile organic compound	cholinergic antagonist; fuel additive; neurotoxin; non-polar solvent
trimethyloxamine trimethyloxamine: used in manufacture of quaternary ammonium cpds; insect attractant; warming agent for gas; oxidant; structure. trimethylamine N-oxide : A tertiary amine oxide resulting from the oxidation of the amino group of trimethylamine.	2.92	4	0	tertiary amine oxide	Escherichia coli metabolite; metabolite; osmolyte
trimethylamine [no description available]	2.94	4	0	methylamines; tertiary amine	Escherichia coli metabolite; human xenobiotic metabolite
tryptamine [no description available]	2.89	4	0	aminoalkylindole; aralkylamino compound; indole alkaloid; tryptamines	human metabolite; mouse metabolite; plant metabolite
uracil 2,4-dihydroxypyrimidine: a urinary biomarker for bipolar disorder	3.95	13	0	pyrimidine nucleobase; pyrimidone	allergen; Daphnia magna metabolite; Escherichia coli metabolite; human metabolite; mouse metabolite; prodrug; Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite
uric acid Uric Acid: An oxidation product, via XANTHINE OXIDASE, of oxypurines such as XANTHINE and HYPOXANTHINE. It is the final oxidation product of purine catabolism in humans and primates, whereas in most other mammals URATE OXIDASE further oxidizes it to ALLANTOIN.. uric acid : An oxopurine that is the final oxidation product of purine metabolism.. 6-hydroxy-1H-purine-2,8(7H,9H)-dione : A tautomer of uric acid having oxo groups at C-2 and C-8 and a hydroxy group at C-6.. 7,9-dihydro-1H-purine-2,6,8(3H)-trione : An oxopurine in which the purine ring is substituted by oxo groups at positions 2, 6, and 8.	11.16	24	0	uric acid	Escherichia coli metabolite; human metabolite; mouse metabolite
urea pseudourea: clinical use; structure. isourea : A carboximidic acid that is the imidic acid tautomer of urea, H2NC(=NH)OH, and its hydrocarbyl derivatives.	14.76	160	8	isourea; monocarboxylic acid amide; one-carbon compound	Daphnia magna metabolite; Escherichia coli metabolite; fertilizer; flour treatment agent; human metabolite; mouse metabolite; Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite
uroporphyrinogen iii Uroporphyrinogens: Porphyrinogens which are intermediates in heme biosynthesis. They have four acetic acid and four propionic acid side chains attached to the pyrrole rings. Uroporphyrinogen I and III are formed from polypyrryl methane in the presence of uroporphyrinogen III cosynthetase and uroporphyrin I synthetase, respectively. They can yield uroporphyrins by autooxidation or coproporphyrinogens by decarboxylation.	1.97	1	0	uroporphyrinogen	Escherichia coli metabolite; mouse metabolite
vanillin Vanilla: A plant genus of the family ORCHIDACEAE that is the source of the familiar flavoring used in foods and medicines (FLAVORING AGENTS).	2.17	1	0	benzaldehydes; monomethoxybenzene; phenols	anti-inflammatory agent; anticonvulsant; antioxidant; flavouring agent; plant metabolite
xanthine 7H-xanthine : An oxopurine in which the purine ring is substituted by oxo groups at positions 2 and 6 and N-7 is protonated.. 9H-xanthine : An oxopurine in which the purine ring is substituted by oxo groups at positions 2 and 6 and N-9 is protonated.	5.58	23	0	xanthine	Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite
delta(1)-piperidine-2-carboxylic acid delta(1)-piperidine-2-carboxylic acid: proposed intermediate in pathway of lysine metabolism. 1-piperideine-2-carboxylic acid zwitterion : A zwitterion resulting from the transfer of a proton from the carboxy group to the nitrogen of 1-piperideine-2-carboxylic acid	1.98	1	0	piperidinemonocarboxylic acid; zwitterion
isopentenyl pyrophosphate isopentenyl pyrophosphate: substrate for isopentenyl pyrophosphate isomerase; RN given refers to unlabeled cpd; a nonpeptide mycobacterial antigen that stimulates gamma delta T cells. isopentenyl diphosphate : A prenol phosphate comprising 3-methylbut-3-en-1-ol having an O-diphosphate substituent.	2.05	1	0	prenol phosphate	antigen; antioxidant; epitope; Escherichia coli metabolite; mouse metabolite; phosphoantigen
isocitric acid isocitric acid: RN given refers to unlabeled parent cpd. isocitric acid : A tricarboxylic acid that is propan-1-ol with a hydrogen at each of the 3 carbon positions replaced by a carboxy group.	4.8	7	1	secondary alcohol; tricarboxylic acid	fundamental metabolite
catechin [no description available]	2.05	1	0	hydroxyflavan
epibatidine [no description available]	2.08	1	0	alkaloid
2,4-methanoglutamate 2,4-methanoglutamate: structure given in first source; selective N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor agonist; inhibits high affinity L-glutamic acid uptake into rat cortical synaptosomes; RN given for (trans)-isomer	4.52	9	0
2-amino-5-phosphonovalerate 2-Amino-5-phosphonovalerate: The D-enantiomer is a potent and specific antagonist of NMDA glutamate receptors (RECEPTORS, N-METHYL-D-ASPARTATE). The L form is inactive at NMDA receptors but may affect the AP4 (2-amino-4-phosphonobutyrate; APB) excitatory amino acid receptors.	13.31	648	1	non-proteinogenic alpha-amino acid	NMDA receptor antagonist
sk&f 81297 [no description available]	3.91	12	0	benzazepine
7-hydroxy-2-n,n-dipropylaminotetralin 7-hydroxy-2-N,N-dipropylaminotetralin: RN given refers to cpd without isomeric designation	1.98	1	0	tetralins
8-hydroxy-2-(di-n-propylamino)tetralin 8-Hydroxy-2-(di-n-propylamino)tetralin: A serotonin 1A-receptor agonist that is used experimentally to test the effects of serotonin.. 8-OH-DPAT : A tetralin substituted at positions 1 and 7 by hydroxy and dipropylamino groups respectively	5.08	42	0	phenols; tertiary amino compound; tetralins	serotonergic antagonist
alpha-amino-3-hydroxy-5-methyl-4-isoxazolepropionic acid alpha-Amino-3-hydroxy-5-methyl-4-isoxazolepropionic Acid: An IBOTENIC ACID homolog and glutamate agonist. The compound is the defining agonist for the AMPA subtype of glutamate receptors (RECEPTORS, AMPA). It has been used as a radionuclide imaging agent but is more commonly used as an experimental tool in cell biological studies.	14.98	654	2	non-proteinogenic alpha-amino acid
alpha-methyl-4-carboxyphenylglycine [no description available]	3.1	1	0
sk&f 82958 [no description available]	4.49	7	0	benzazepine
2,3-piperidinedicarboxylic acid 2,3-piperidinedicarboxylic acid: effective antagonist at all three types of excitatory amino acid receptors; does not depress responses to acetylcholine or substance P	5.66	15	0
3-(2-carboxypiperazin-4-yl)propyl-1-phosphonic acid 3-(2-carboxypiperazin-4-yl)propyl-1-phosphonic acid: structure given in first source; NMDA receptor antagonist	6.71	89	0
4-iodo-2,5-dimethoxyphenylisopropylamine 4-iodo-2,5-dimethoxyphenylisopropylamine: RN given refers to unlabeled parent cpd without isomeric designation; a serotonin agonist. 2-(4-iodo-2,5-dimethoxyphenyl)-1-methylethylamine : An organoiodine compound that is amphetamine bearing two methoxy substituents at positions 2 and 5 as well as an iodo substituent at position 4.	3.98	13	0	amphetamines; dimethoxybenzene; organoiodine compound
1-hydroxy-3-amino-2-pyrrolidone 1-hydroxy-3-amino-2-pyrrolidone: a CNS depressant; structure in first source	5.38	19	0
ibotenic acid Ibotenic Acid: A neurotoxic isoxazole (similar to KAINIC ACID and MUSCIMOL) found in AMANITA mushrooms. It causes motor depression, ataxia, and changes in mood, perceptions and feelings, and is a potent excitatory amino acid agonist.	10.22	196	0	non-proteinogenic alpha-amino acid	neurotoxin
gallopamil Gallopamil: Coronary vasodilator that is an analog of iproveratril (VERAPAMIL) with one more methoxy group on the benzene ring.	2.89	4	0	benzenes; organic amino compound
normetanephrine Normetanephrine: A methylated metabolite of norepinephrine that is excreted in the urine and found in certain tissues. It is a marker for tumors.	1.98	1	0	catecholamine
sk&f 77434 SK&F 77434: a dopamine D1 receptor partial agonist. N-allyl-1-phenyl-2,3,4,5-tetrahydro-3-benzazepine-7,8-diol : A benzazepine that is 2,3,4,5-tetrahydro-3-benzazepine bearing a phenyl substituent at position 1, an allyl substituent at position 3 and two hydroxy substituents at positions 7 and 8. Selective dopamine D1-like receptor partial agonist (IC50 values are 19.7 and 2425 nM for binding to D1-like and D2-like receptors respectively). Centrally active following systemic administration in vivo.	3.27	1	0	benzazepine; catechols; tertiary amino compound	dopamine agonist
sk&f-38393 2,3,4,5-Tetrahydro-7,8-dihydroxy-1-phenyl-1H-3-benzazepine: A selective D1 dopamine receptor agonist used primarily as a research tool.. 1-phenyl-2,3,4,5-tetrahydro-1H-3-benzazepine-7,8-diol : A benzazepine that is 2,3,4,5-tetrahydro-3-benzazepine bearing a phenyl substituent at position 1 and two hydroxy substituents at positions 7 and 8.. SKF 38393 : A racemate comprising equimolar amounts of (R)- and (S)-SKF 38393	6.22	44	0	benzazepine; catechols; secondary amino compound
1h-3-benzazepin-7-ol, 8-bromo-2,3,4,5-tetrahydro-3-methyl-5-phenyl- 1H-3-benzazepin-7-ol, 8-bromo-2,3,4,5-tetrahydro-3-methyl-5-phenyl-: stereoselective antagonist of dopamine receptor	2.72	3	0	benzazepine
vanilmandelic acid Vanilmandelic Acid: A 3-O-methyl ether of 3,4-dihydroxymandelic acid. It is an end-stage metabolite of CATECHOLAMINES; EPINEPHRINE; and NOREPINEPHRINE.. vanillylmandelic acid : An aromatic ether that is the 3-O-methyl ether of 3,4-dihydroxymandelic acid.	2.41	1	0	2-hydroxy monocarboxylic acid; aromatic ether; phenols	human metabolite
huperzine a huperzine A: RN given refers to 5R-(5alpha,9beta,11E)-isomer; structure given in first source. huperzine A : A sesquiterpene alkaloid isolated from a club moss Huperzia serrata that has been shown to exhibit neuroprotective activity. It is also an effective inhibitor of acetylcholinesterase and has attracted interest as a therapeutic candidate for Alzheimer's disease.	4.19	6	0	quinolone
menthol Menthol: A monoterpene cyclohexanol produced from mint oils.	2.96	4	0	p-menthane monoterpenoid; secondary alcohol	volatile oil component
(alpha-carboxycyclopropyl)glycine (alpha-carboxycyclopropyl)glycine: structure given in first source; glutamate receptor agonist	3.94	13	0	alpha-amino acid
mandelic acid SAMMA: mandelic acid condensation polymer	2.11	1	0	2-hydroxy monocarboxylic acid; benzenes	antibacterial agent; human xenobiotic metabolite
4-carboxy-3-hydroxyphenylglycine 4-carboxy-3-hydroxyphenylglycine: weak agonist at metabotropic glutamate receptors; occludes the action of 1-aminocyclopentyl-1,3-dicarboxylate in hippocampus	4.35	6	0	hydroxybenzoic acid
1,10-phenanthroline 1,10-phenanthroline: RN given refers to parent cpd; inhibits Zn-dependent metalloproteinases	8.63	9	0	phenanthroline	EC 2.7.1.1 (hexokinase) inhibitor; EC 3.4.19.3 (pyroglutamyl-peptidase I) inhibitor
1,2-dimethylhydrazine 1,2-Dimethylhydrazine: A DNA alkylating agent that has been shown to be a potent carcinogen and is widely used to induce colon tumors in experimental animals.. 1,2-dimethylhydrazine : A member of the class of hydrazines that is hydrazine in which one of the hydrogens attached to each nitrogen is replaced by a methyl group. A powerful DNA alkylating agent and carcinogen, it is used to induce colon cancer in laboratory rats and mice.	1.94	1	0	hydrazines	alkylating agent; carcinogenic agent
1,3-dipropyl-8-cyclopentylxanthine DPCPX : An oxopurine that is 7H-xanthine substituted at positions 1 and 3 by propyl groups and at position 8 by a cyclohexyl group.	5.32	53	0	oxopurine	adenosine A1 receptor antagonist; EC 3.1.4.* (phosphoric diester hydrolase) inhibitor
pk 11195 PK-11195 : A monocarboxylic acid amide obtained by formal condensation of the carboxy group of 1-(2-chlorophenyl)isoquinoline-3-carboxylic acid with the amino group of sec-butylmethylamine	4.51	7	0	aromatic amide; isoquinolines; monocarboxylic acid amide; monochlorobenzenes	antineoplastic agent
1-(5-isoquinolinylsulfonyl)-3-methylpiperazine 1-(5-isoquinolinylsulfonyl)-3-methylpiperazine: a positional isomer of H-7; inhibits protein kinase and cAMP-dependent protein kinase	2	1	0
1-(3-chlorophenyl)biguanide 1-(3-chlorophenyl)biguanide: RN given refers to parent cp; a 5-HT3 receptor agonist	2.01	1	0	biguanides; monochlorobenzenes
1-(3-chlorophenyl)piperazine 1-(3-chlorophenyl)piperazine: supposed metabolite of TRAZODONE; RN given refers to parent cpd; structure. 1-(3-chlorophenyl)piperazine : A N-arylpiperazine that is piperazine carrying a 3-chlorophenyl substituent at position 1. It is a metabolite of the antidepressant drug trazodone.	1.98	1	0	monochlorobenzenes; N-arylpiperazine	drug metabolite; environmental contaminant; serotonergic agonist; xenobiotic
1-(2-trifluoromethylphenyl)imidazole 1-(2-trifluoromethylphenyl)imidazole: an inhibitor of neuronal nitric oxide synthase in mouse	2.41	2	0	imidazoles
1-aminobenzotriazole [no description available]	1.99	1	0
1-anilino-8-naphthalenesulfonate 1-anilino-8-naphthalenesulfonate: RN given refers to parent cpd. 8-anilinonaphthalene-1-sulfonic acid : A naphthalenesulfonic acid that is naphthalene-1-sulfonic acid substituted by a phenylamino group at position 8.	4.38	20	0	aminonaphthalene; naphthalenesulfonic acid	fluorescent probe
1-(1,3-benzodioxol-5-ylcarbonyl)piperidine 1-(1,3-benzodioxol-5-ylcarbonyl)piperidine: crosses the blood brain barrier & enhances synaptic responses in freely moving animals	2.68	3	0	N-acylpiperidine
1-o-hexadecyl-2-o-methylglycerol [no description available]	1.97	1	0
1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine 1-Methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine: A dopaminergic neurotoxic compound which produces irreversible clinical, chemical, and pathological alterations that mimic those found in Parkinson disease.. 1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine : A tetrahydropyridine that is 1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine substituted by a methyl group at position 1 and a phenyl group at position 4.	6.55	36	0	methylpyridines; phenylpyridine; tetrahydropyridine	neurotoxin
edelfosine edelfosine: RN given refers to parent cpd. edelfosine : A racemate comprising equimolar amounts of (R)- and (S)-edelfosine.. 1-octadecyl-2-methylglycero-3-phosphocholine : A glycerophosphocholine that is glycero-3-phosphocholine substituted at positions 1 and 2 by octadecyl and methyl groups respectively.	2	1	0	glycerophosphocholine
pd 173074 [no description available]	2.11	1	0	aromatic amine; biaryl; dimethoxybenzene; pyridopyrimidine; tertiary amino compound; ureas	antineoplastic agent; EC 2.7.10.1 (receptor protein-tyrosine kinase) inhibitor; fibroblast growth factor receptor antagonist
14,15-epoxy-5,8,11-eicosatrienoic acid 14,15-epoxy-5,8,11-eicosatrienoic acid: RN given refers to cpd without isomeric designation	2.58	2	0	long-chain fatty acid
n-(3-(aminomethyl)benzyl)acetamidine N-(3-(aminomethyl)benzyl)acetamidine: structure in first source. N-[3-(aminomethyl)benzyl]acetamidine : An aralkylamine that is Nbenzylacetamidine substituted at position 3 on the benzene ring by an aminomethyl group. An inhibitor of nitric oxide synthase.	2.02	1	0	aralkylamine; carboxamidine; primary amino compound	angiogenesis inhibitor; EC 1.14.13.39 (nitric oxide synthase) inhibitor; geroprotector
1h-(1,2,4)oxadiazolo(4,3-a)quinoxalin-1-one 1H-(1,2,4)oxadiazolo(4,3-a)quinoxalin-1-one: structure given in first source; inhibits guanylyl cyclase. 1H-[1,2,4]oxadiazolo[4,3-a]quinoxalin-1-one : A member of the class of oxadiazoloquinoxalines that is 1H-[1,2,4]oxadiazolo[4,3-a]quinoxaline substituted at position 1 by an oxo group.	3.63	9	0	oxadiazoloquinoxaline	EC 4.6.1.2 (guanylate cyclase) inhibitor
2,2'-dipyridyl 2,2'-Dipyridyl: A reagent used for the determination of iron.. 2,2'-bipyridine : A bipyridine in which the two pyridine moieties are linked by a bond between positions C-2 and C-2'.	2.71	3	0	bipyridine	chelator; ferroptosis inhibitor
2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid 2,4-Dichlorophenoxyacetic Acid: An herbicide with irritant effects on the eye and the gastrointestinal system.. 2,4-D : A chlorophenoxyacetic acid that is phenoxyacetic acid in which the ring hydrogens at postions 2 and 4 are substituted by chlorines.	2.73	3	0	chlorophenoxyacetic acid; dichlorobenzene	agrochemical; defoliant; EC 1.1.1.25 (shikimate dehydrogenase) inhibitor; environmental contaminant; phenoxy herbicide; synthetic auxin
2,4-dinitrophenol 2,4-Dinitrophenol: A toxic dye, chemically related to trinitrophenol (picric acid), used in biochemical studies of oxidative processes where it uncouples oxidative phosphorylation. It is also used as a metabolic stimulant. (Stedman, 26th ed). dinitrophenol : Members of the class of nitrophenol carrying two nitro substituents.. 2,4-dinitrophenol : A dinitrophenol having the nitro groups at the 2- and 4-positions.	3.68	10	0	dinitrophenol	allergen; antiseptic drug; bacterial xenobiotic metabolite; geroprotector; oxidative phosphorylation inhibitor
2-(n-heptyl)-4-hydroxyquinoline n-oxide 2-(n-heptyl)-4-hydroxyquinoline N-oxide: structure. 2-heptyl-4-hydroxyquinoline N-oxide : An inhibitor of the mitochondrial respiratory chain at cytochrome bc1 and of photosynthetic electron flow immediately before cytochrome b559.	1.96	1	0	monohydroxyquinoline
2-hydroxysaclofen 2-hydroxysaclofen: structure given in first source	3.25	6	0	organochlorine compound
mercaptoethanol Mercaptoethanol: A water-soluble thiol derived from hydrogen sulfide and ethanol. It is used as a reducing agent for disulfide bonds and to protect sulfhydryl groups from oxidation.	3.25	6	0	alkanethiol; primary alcohol	geroprotector
pyrithione pyrithione: split from cephalosporin molecule; some metal complexes of this have fumarate reductase inhibitory activity and may be useful against trypanosomes; RN given refers to parent cpd; structure. pyrithione : A pyridinethione that is pyridine-2(1H)-thione in which the hydrogen attached to the nitrogen is replaced by a hydroxy group. It is a Zn(2+) ionophore; the zinc salt is used as an antifungal and antibacterial agent.	1.98	1	0	monohydroxypyridine; pyridinethione	ionophore
2-methyl-5-ht 2-methyl-5-HT: M-receptor agonist	2.68	3	0	tryptamines	serotonergic agonist
monomethylpropion monomethylpropion: metabolite of dimethylpropion; structure given in first source. 2-methylamino-1-phenylpropan-1-one : An aromatic ketone that is propiophenone in which the hydrogen alpha- to the keto group has been replaced by a methylamino group.. methcathinone : A racemate comprising equal amounts of (R)- and (S)-methcathinone.	2.25	1	0	aromatic ketone; secondary amino compound
2-aminoethoxydiphenyl borate 2-aminoethoxydiphenyl borate: is a novel membrane-penetrable modulator and transient receptor potential channel blocker; structure in first source; do not confuse with 2-APB cpd. 2-aminoethoxydiphenylborane : An organoboron compound that is diphenylborane in which the borane hydrogen is replaced by a 2-aminoethoxy group.	3.53	8	0	organoboron compound; primary amino compound	calcium channel blocker; IP3 receptor antagonist; potassium channel opener
n-methyl-3,4-methylenedioxyamphetamine N-Methyl-3,4-methylenedioxyamphetamine: An N-substituted amphetamine analog. It is a widely abused drug classified as a hallucinogen and causes marked, long-lasting changes in brain serotonergic systems. It is commonly referred to as MDMA or ecstasy.. 3,4-methylenedioxymethamphetamine : A member of the class of benzodioxoles that is 1,3-benzodioxole substituted by a 2-(methylamino)propyl group at position 5.	4.13	15	0	amphetamines; benzodioxoles	neurotoxin
amitrole Amitrole: A non-selective post-emergence, translocated herbicide. According to the Seventh Annual Report on Carcinogens (PB95-109781, 1994) this substance may reasonably be anticipated to be a carcinogen. (From Merck Index, 12th ed) It is an irreversible inhibitor of CATALASE, and thus impairs activity of peroxisomes.. amitrole : A member of the class of triazoles that is 1H-1,2,4-triazole substituted by an amino group at position 3. Used to control annual grasses and aquatic weeds (but not on food crops because it causes cancer in laboratory animals). Its use within the EU was banned from September 2017 on the grounds of potential groundwater contamination and risks to aquatic life; there have also been concerns about its endocrine-disrupting properties.	2.94	4	0	aromatic amine; triazoles	carotenoid biosynthesis inhibitor; EC 1.11.1.6 (catalase) inhibitor; herbicide
phaclofen phaclofen: peripheral & central baclofen & GABA antagonist; structure given in first source	4.18	17	0	organophosphate oxoanion; zwitterion
3-aminobenzamide [no description available]	2.73	3	0	benzamides; substituted aniline	EC 2.4.2.30 (NAD(+) ADP-ribosyltransferase) inhibitor
tramiprosate tramiprosate: GABA receptor agonist and a glycosaminoglycan mimetic; has nootropic acitivity; structure; a sulfonate analog of GABA. 3-aminopropanesulfonic acid : An amino sulfonic acid that is the 3-amino derivative of propanesulfonic acid.	2.48	2	0	amino sulfonic acid; zwitterion	algal metabolite; anti-inflammatory agent; anticonvulsant; GABA agonist; nootropic agent
3-hydroxybenzylhydrazine 3-hydroxybenzylhydrazine: decarboxylase inhibitor; RN given refers to parent cpd; structure	3.09	5	0	phenols
3-methoxytyramine 3-methoxytyramine: RN given refers to parent cpd. 3-methoxytyramine : A monomethoxybenzene that is dopamine in which the hydroxy group at position 3 is replaced by a methoxy group. It is a metabolite of the neurotransmitter dopamine and considered a potential biomarker of pheochromocytomas and paragangliomas.	2.91	4	0	monomethoxybenzene; phenols; phenylethylamine; primary amino compound	biomarker; human blood serum metabolite; human urinary metabolite
3-nitropropionic acid 3-nitropropionic acid: succinate dehydrogenase inactivator; biosynthesized by FABACEAE plants from ASPARAGINE. 3-nitropropanoic acid : A C-nitro compound that is propanoic acid in which one of the methyl hydrogens has been replaced by a nitro group.	5.1	43	0	C-nitro compound	antimycobacterial drug; EC 1.3.5.1 [succinate dehydrogenase (quinone)] inhibitor; mycotoxin; neurotoxin
ro 5-4864 4'-chlorodiazepam: selectively binds peripheral benzodiazepine receptor	2.7	3	0
4-(2-aminoethyl)benzenesulfonylfluoride [no description available]	1.99	1	0
4-aminobenzamidine 4-aminobenzamidine: a urokinase inhibitor; inhibits acrosin; structure given in first source	1.98	1	0
4-aminopyridine [no description available]	10.15	189	1	aminopyridine; aromatic amine	avicide; orphan drug; potassium channel blocker
p-chloromercuribenzoic acid p-Chloromercuribenzoic Acid: An organic mercurial used as a sulfhydryl reagent.	1.98	1	0	chlorine molecular entity; mercuribenzoic acid
4-diphenylacetoxy-1,1-dimethylpiperidinium 4-diphenylacetoxy-1,1-dimethylpiperidinium: muscarinic receptor antagonist; RN given refers to parent cpd; do not confuse abbreviation 4-DAMP with a similar cpd which does not contain dimethyl groups. 4-DAMP(1+) : A quaternary ammonium salt obtained by formal methylation of the tertiary amino function of 4-diphenylacetoxy-N-methylpiperidine.	2.42	2	0	quaternary ammonium ion	cholinergic antagonist; muscarinic antagonist
homovanillic acid Homovanillic Acid: A 3-O-methyl ETHER of (3,4-dihydroxyphenyl)acetic acid.. homovanillate : A hydroxy monocarboxylic acid anion which is obtained by deprotonation of the carboxy group of homovanillic acid.. homovanillic acid : A monocarboxylic acid that is the 3-O-methyl ether of (3,4-dihydroxyphenyl)acetic acid. It is a catecholamine metabolite.	8.06	70	1	guaiacols; monocarboxylic acid	human metabolite; mouse metabolite
4-nonylphenol 4-nonylphenol: structure in first source; see also record for nonylphenol. 4-nonylphenol : A member of the class of phenols that is phenol which is para-substituted with a nonyl group.	2.42	2	0	phenols	environmental contaminant
phenytoin [no description available]	4.6	26	0	imidazolidine-2,4-dione	anticonvulsant; drug allergen; sodium channel blocker; teratogenic agent
5,7-dichlorokynurenic acid 5,7-dichlorokynurenic acid: potent antagonist at the N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor-associated glycine binding site	4.2	17	0	quinolines
5-dimethylamiloride 5-dimethylamiloride: has anti-HIV-1 activity	2	1	0
ethylisopropylamiloride ethylisopropylamiloride: structure in first source. ethylisopropylamiloride : A member of the class of pyrazines that is amiloride in which the amino substitutent of the pyrazine ring that is adjacent to the chloro substituent has been substituted by an ethyl group and by an isopropyl group.	3.12	5	0	aromatic amine; guanidines; monocarboxylic acid amide; organochlorine compound; pyrazines; tertiary amino compound	anti-arrhythmia drug; neuroprotective agent; sodium channel blocker
5-carboxamidotryptamine 5-carboxamidotryptamine: agonist of 5-HT receptor; structure given in first source	2.69	3	0	tryptamines
5-hydroxydecanoate 5-hydroxydecanoic acid: Potassium Channel Blocker; RN refers to parent cpd	3.3	6	0	medium-chain fatty acid
hydroxyindoleacetic acid (5-hydroxyindol-3-yl)acetic acid : A member of the class of indole-3-acetic acids that is indole-3-acetic acid substituted by a hydroxy group at C-5.	8.4	59	0	indole-3-acetic acids	drug metabolite; human metabolite; mouse metabolite
5-methoxytryptamine 5-Methoxytryptamine: Serotonin derivative proposed as potentiator for hypnotics and sedatives.. 5-methoxytryptamine : A member of the class of tryptamines that is the methyl ether derivative of serotonin.	2.53	2	0	aromatic ether; primary amino compound; tryptamines	5-hydroxytryptamine 2A receptor agonist; 5-hydroxytryptamine 2B receptor agonist; 5-hydroxytryptamine 2C receptor agonist; antioxidant; cardioprotective agent; human metabolite; mouse metabolite; neuroprotective agent; radiation protective agent; serotonergic agonist
6-methoxytryptoline 6-methoxytryptoline: RN given refers to parent cpd; structure	2.03	1	0
7-chlorokynurenic acid 7-chlorokynurenic acid: selective antagonist at the glycine modulatory site of the N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor complex; structure given in first source. 7-chlorokynurenic acid : A quinolinemonocarboxylic acid that is quinaldic acid which is substituted by a hydroxy group at position 4 and by a chlorine at position 7. It is a potent NMDA glutamate receptor antagonist which antagonizes the strychnine-insensitive glycine site of the NMDA receptor. It also prevents neurodegeneration produced by quinolinic acid.	4.76	31	0	organochlorine compound; quinolinemonocarboxylic acid	neuroprotective agent; NMDA receptor antagonist
7-nitroindazole 7-nitroindazole: an inhibitor of nitric oxide synthase; exhibits anti-nociceptive activity without increasing blood pressure	4.51	23	0
8-(4-sulfophenyl)theophylline 8-(4-sulfophenyl)theophylline: adenosine antagonist	1.98	1	0
8-cyclopentyl-1,3-dimethylxanthine 8-cyclopentyl-1,3-dimethylxanthine: prolongs epileptic seizures in rats	4.3	19	0	oxopurine
8-phenyltheophylline 8-phenyltheophylline: purinergic P1 receptor antagonist	2.66	3	0
oxyquinoline Oxyquinoline: An antiseptic with mild fungistatic, bacteriostatic, anthelmintic, and amebicidal action. It is also used as a reagent and metal chelator, as a carrier for radio-indium for diagnostic purposes, and its halogenated derivatives are used in addition as topical anti-infective agents and oral antiamebics.. quinolin-8-ol : A monohydroxyquinoline that is quinoline substituted by a hydroxy group at position 8. Its fungicidal properties are used for the control of grey mould on vines and tomatoes.	7.36	2	0	monohydroxyquinoline	antibacterial agent; antifungal agrochemical; antiseptic drug; iron chelator
tacrine Tacrine: A cholinesterase inhibitor that crosses the blood-brain barrier. Tacrine has been used to counter the effects of muscle relaxants, as a respiratory stimulant, and in the treatment of Alzheimer's disease and other central nervous system disorders.. tacrine : A member of the class of acridines that is 1,2,3,4-tetrahydroacridine substituted by an amino group at position 9. It is used in the treatment of Alzheimer's disease.	6.42	22	0	acridines; aromatic amine	EC 3.1.1.7 (acetylcholinesterase) inhibitor
2,2'-azobis(2-amidinopropane) 2,2'-azobis(2-amidinopropane): water-soluble free-radical initiator	2.78	3	0	monoazo compound
acebutolol Acebutolol: A cardioselective beta-1 adrenergic antagonist with little effect on the bronchial receptors. The drug has stabilizing and quinidine-like effects on cardiac rhythm, as well as weak inherent sympathomimetic action.. acebutolol : An ether that is the 2-acetyl-4-(butanoylamino)phenyl ether of the primary hydroxy group of 3-(propan-2-ylamino)propane-1,2-diol.	2.41	2	0	aromatic amide; ethanolamines; ether; monocarboxylic acid amide; propanolamine; secondary amino compound	anti-arrhythmia drug; antihypertensive agent; beta-adrenergic antagonist; sympathomimetic agent
acetaminophen Acetaminophen: Analgesic antipyretic derivative of acetanilide. It has weak anti-inflammatory properties and is used as a common analgesic, but may cause liver, blood cell, and kidney damage.. paracetamol : A member of the class of phenols that is 4-aminophenol in which one of the hydrogens attached to the amino group has been replaced by an acetyl group.	4.12	15	0	acetamides; phenols	antipyretic; cyclooxygenase 1 inhibitor; cyclooxygenase 2 inhibitor; cyclooxygenase 3 inhibitor; environmental contaminant; ferroptosis inducer; geroprotector; hepatotoxic agent; human blood serum metabolite; non-narcotic analgesic; non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug; xenobiotic
acetazolamide Acetazolamide: One of the CARBONIC ANHYDRASE INHIBITORS that is sometimes effective against absence seizures. It is sometimes useful also as an adjunct in the treatment of tonic-clonic, myoclonic, and atonic seizures, particularly in women whose seizures occur or are exacerbated at specific times in the menstrual cycle. However, its usefulness is transient often because of rapid development of tolerance. Its antiepileptic effect may be due to its inhibitory effect on brain carbonic anhydrase, which leads to an increased transneuronal chloride gradient, increased chloride current, and increased inhibition. (From Smith and Reynard, Textbook of Pharmacology, 1991, p337)	3.09	5	0	monocarboxylic acid amide; sulfonamide; thiadiazoles	anticonvulsant; diuretic; EC 4.2.1.1 (carbonic anhydrase) inhibitor
acetohexamide Acetohexamide: A sulfonylurea hypoglycemic agent that is metabolized in the liver to 1-hydrohexamide.. acetohexamide : An N-sulfonylurea that is urea in which a hydrogen attached to one of the nitrogens is replaced by a p-acetylphenylsulfonyl group, while a hydrogen attached to the other nitrogen is replaced by a cyclohexyl group.	2.05	1	0	acetophenones; N-sulfonylurea	hypoglycemic agent; insulin secretagogue
acetohydroxamic acid acetohydroxamic acid: urease inhibitor. oxime : Compounds of structure R2C=NOH derived from condensation of aldehydes or ketones with hydroxylamine. Oximes from aldehydes may be called aldoximes; those from ketones may be called ketoximes.. N-hydroxyacetimidic acid : A carbohydroximic acid consisting of acetimidic acid having a hydroxy group attached to the imide nitrogen.. acetohydroxamic acid : A member of the class of acetohydroxamic acids that is acetamide in which one of the amino hydrogens has been replaced by a hydroxy group.	2.46	2	0	acetohydroxamic acids; carbohydroximic acid	algal metabolite; EC 3.5.1.5 (urease) inhibitor
n-acetylphenylalanine N-acetylphenylalanine: RN given refers to (DL)-isomer. N-acetylphenylalanine : The N-acetyl derivative of phenylalanine.	1.97	1	0	N-acetyl-amino acid; phenylalanine derivative	antidepressant; metabolite
tyrphostin a23 tyrphostin A23: inhibits EGF-stimulated thymidine incorporation as well as EGF-stimulated receptor autophosphorylation & tyrosine phosphorylation & cell proliferation; structure given in first source	2.15	1	0	catechols
tyrphostin 25 [no description available]	1.99	1	0	benzenetriol
1-aminoindan-1,5-dicarboxylic acid 1-aminoindan-1,5-dicarboxylic acid: structure given in first source	5.41	19	0
alaproclate alaproclate: specific 5-hydroxytryptamine uptake inhibitors; RN given refers to (DL)-isomer	2.41	2	0	alpha-amino acid ester
albendazole [no description available]	7.5	2	0	aryl sulfide; benzimidazoles; benzimidazolylcarbamate fungicide; carbamate ester	anthelminthic drug; microtubule-destabilising agent; tubulin modulator
albuterol Albuterol: A short-acting beta-2 adrenergic agonist that is primarily used as a bronchodilator agent to treat ASTHMA. Albuterol is prepared as a racemic mixture of R(-) and S(+) stereoisomers. The stereospecific preparation of R(-) isomer of albuterol is referred to as levalbuterol.. albuterol : A member of the class of phenylethanolamines that is 4-(2-amino-1-hydroxyethyl)-2-(hydroxymethyl)phenol having a tert-butyl group attached to the nirogen atom. It acts as a beta-adrenergic agonist used in the treatment of asthma and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD).	6.16	7	1	phenols; phenylethanolamines; secondary amino compound	beta-adrenergic agonist; bronchodilator agent; environmental contaminant; xenobiotic
alendronate alendronic acid : A 1,1-bis(phosphonic acid) that is methanebis(phosphonic acid) in which the two methylene hydrogens are replaced by hydroxy and 3-aminopropyl groups.	2.55	2	0	1,1-bis(phosphonic acid); primary amino compound	bone density conservation agent; EC 2.5.1.1 (dimethylallyltranstransferase) inhibitor
alfuzosin alfuzosin: structure given in first source	2.05	1	0	monocarboxylic acid amide; quinazolines; tetrahydrofuranol	alpha-adrenergic antagonist; antihypertensive agent; antineoplastic agent
alpha-cyano-4-hydroxycinnamate alpha-cyano-4-hydroxycinnamate: specific inhibitor of pyruvate transport in rat liver mitochondria & human erythrocytes; structure	3.42	7	0
alpha-methylserotonin alpha-methylserotonin: potent agonist at M & D receptors of serotonin; RN given refers to parent cpd	1.99	1	0	tryptamines	serotonergic agonist
alpha-methyl-dl-aspartate 2-methylaspartic acid: RN given refers to cpd without isomeric designation	2.02	1	0
alpha-methyltyrosine methyl ester alpha-methyltyrosine methyl ester: RN given refers to parent cpd	1.97	1	0
alpha-methylornithine alpha-methylornithine: inhibitor of ornithine decarboxylase; RN given refers to cpd without isomeric designation	1.96	1	0
alprazolam Alprazolam: A triazolobenzodiazepine compound with antianxiety and sedative-hypnotic actions, that is efficacious in the treatment of PANIC DISORDERS, with or without AGORAPHOBIA, and in generalized ANXIETY DISORDERS. (From AMA Drug Evaluations Annual, 1994, p238). alprazolam : A member of the class of triazolobenzodiazepines that is 4H-[1,2,4]triazolo[4,3-a][1,4]benzodiazepine carrying methyl, phenyl and chloro substituents at positions 1, 6 and 8 respectively. Alprazolam is only found in individuals that have taken this drug.	3.86	2	1	organochlorine compound; triazolobenzodiazepine	anticonvulsant; anxiolytic drug; GABA agonist; muscle relaxant; sedative; xenobiotic
aluminum fluoride [no description available]	2.39	2	0	aluminium coordination entity
am 251 AM 251: an analog of SR141716A; structure given in first source. AM-251 : A carbohydrazide obtained by formal condensation of the carboxy group of 1-(2,4-dichlorophenyl)-5-(4-iodophenyl)-4-methyl-1H-pyrazole-3-carboxylic acid with the amino group of 1-aminopiperidine. An antagonist at the CB1 cannabinoid receptor.	4.89	33	0	amidopiperidine; carbohydrazide; dichlorobenzene; organoiodine compound; pyrazoles	antidepressant; antineoplastic agent; apoptosis inducer; CB1 receptor antagonist
amantadine amant: an antiviral compound consisting of an adamantane derivative chemically linked to a water-solube polyanioic matrix; structure in first source	8.4	23	2	adamantanes; primary aliphatic amine	analgesic; antiparkinson drug; antiviral drug; dopaminergic agent; NMDA receptor antagonist; non-narcotic analgesic
ambroxol Ambroxol: A metabolite of BROMHEXINE that stimulates mucociliary action and clears the air passages in the respiratory tract. It is usually administered as the hydrochloride.	2.05	1	0	aromatic amine
amifostine anhydrous Amifostine: A phosphorothioate proposed as a radiation-protective agent. It causes splenic vasodilation and may block autonomic ganglia.. amifostine : An organic thiophosphate that is the S-phospho derivative of 2-[(3-aminopropyl)amino]ethanethiol. A prodrug for the free thiol, WR-1065, which is used as a cytoprotectant in cancer chemotherapy and radiotherapy.	2.13	1	0	diamine; organic thiophosphate	antioxidant; prodrug; radiation protective agent
aminoglutethimide Aminoglutethimide: An aromatase inhibitor that is used in the treatment of advanced BREAST CANCER.. aminoglutethimide : A dicarboximide that is a six-membered cyclic compound having ethyl and 4-aminophenyl substituents at the 3-position.	2.44	2	0	dicarboximide; piperidones; substituted aniline	adrenergic agent; anticonvulsant; antineoplastic agent; EC 1.14.14.14 (aromatase) inhibitor
pimagedine pimagedine: diamine oxidase & nitric oxide synthase inhibitor; an advanced glycosylation end product inhibitor; used in the treatment of diabetic complications; structure. aminoguanidine : A one-carbon compound whose unique structure renders it capable of acting as a derivative of hydrazine, guanidine or formamide.	3.63	9	0	guanidines; one-carbon compound	EC 1.14.13.39 (nitric oxide synthase) inhibitor; EC 1.4.3.4 (monoamine oxidase) inhibitor
p-aminohippuric acid p-Aminohippuric Acid: The glycine amide of 4-aminobenzoic acid. Its sodium salt is used as a diagnostic aid to measure effective renal plasma flow (ERPF) and excretory capacity.. p-aminohippurate : A hippurate that is the conjugate base of p-aminohippuric acid, arising from deprotonation of the carboxy group.. p-aminohippuric acid : An N-acylglycine that is the 4-amino derivative of hippuric acid; used as a diagnostic agent in the measurement of renal plasma flow.	2.38	2	0	N-acylglycine	Daphnia magna metabolite
ampyrone Ampyrone: A metabolite of AMINOPYRINE with analgesic and anti-inflammatory properties. It is used as a reagent for biochemical reactions producing peroxides or phenols. Ampyrone stimulates LIVER MICROSOMES and is also used to measure extracellular water.	2.25	1	0	primary amino compound; pyrazolone	antipyretic; antirheumatic drug; drug metabolite; EC 1.14.99.1 (prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase) inhibitor; marine xenobiotic metabolite; non-narcotic analgesic; non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug; peripheral nervous system drug
theophylline [no description available]	6.09	39	0	dimethylxanthine	adenosine receptor antagonist; anti-asthmatic drug; anti-inflammatory agent; bronchodilator agent; drug metabolite; EC 3.1.4.* (phosphoric diester hydrolase) inhibitor; fungal metabolite; human blood serum metabolite; immunomodulator; muscle relaxant; vasodilator agent
amiodarone Amiodarone: An antianginal and class III antiarrhythmic drug. It increases the duration of ventricular and atrial muscle action by inhibiting POTASSIUM CHANNELS and VOLTAGE-GATED SODIUM CHANNELS. There is a resulting decrease in heart rate and in vascular resistance.. amiodarone : A member of the class of 1-benzofurans that is 1-benzofuran substituted by a butyl group at position 2 and a 4-[2-(diethylamino)ethoxy]-3,5-diiodobenzoyl group at position 3. It is a cardiovascular drug used for the treatment of cardiac dysrhythmias.	2.69	3	0	1-benzofurans; aromatic ketone; organoiodine compound; tertiary amino compound	cardiovascular drug
amitriptyline Amitriptyline: Tricyclic antidepressant with anticholinergic and sedative properties. It appears to prevent the re-uptake of norepinephrine and serotonin at nerve terminals, thus potentiating the action of these neurotransmitters. Amitriptyline also appears to antagonize cholinergic and alpha-1 adrenergic responses to bioactive amines.. amitriptyline : An organic tricyclic compound that is 10,11-dihydro-5H-dibenzo[a,d][7]annulene substituted by a 3-(dimethylamino)propylidene group at position 5.	4.62	8	0	carbotricyclic compound; tertiary amine	adrenergic uptake inhibitor; antidepressant; environmental contaminant; tropomyosin-related kinase B receptor agonist; xenobiotic
amlodipine Amlodipine: A long-acting dihydropyridine calcium channel blocker. It is effective in the treatment of ANGINA PECTORIS and HYPERTENSION.. amlodipine : A fully substituted dialkyl 1,4-dihydropyridine-3,5-dicarboxylate derivative, which is used for the treatment of hypertension, chronic stable angina and confirmed or suspected vasospastic angina.	2.71	3	0	dihydropyridine; ethyl ester; methyl ester; monochlorobenzenes; primary amino compound	antihypertensive agent; calcium channel blocker; vasodilator agent
amobarbital Amobarbital: A barbiturate with hypnotic and sedative properties (but not antianxiety). Adverse effects are mainly a consequence of dose-related CNS depression and the risk of dependence with continued use is high. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p565). amobarbital : A member of the class of barbiturates that is pyrimidine-2,4,6(1H,3H,5H)-trione substituted by a 3-methylbutyl and an ethyl group at position 5. Amobarbital has been shown to exhibit sedative and hypnotic properties.	3.47	8	0	barbiturates
amodiaquine Amodiaquine: A 4-aminoquinoline compound with anti-inflammatory properties.. amodiaquine : A quinoline having a chloro group at the 7-position and an aryl amino group at the 4-position.	2.21	1	0	aminoquinoline; organochlorine compound; phenols; secondary amino compound; tertiary amino compound	anticoronaviral agent; antimalarial; drug allergen; EC 2.1.1.8 (histamine N-methyltransferase) inhibitor; non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug; prodrug
amsacrine Amsacrine: An aminoacridine derivative that intercalates into DNA and is used as an antineoplastic agent.. amsacrine : A sulfonamide that is N-phenylmethanesulfonamide substituted by a methoxy group at position 3 and an acridin-9-ylamino group at position 4. It exhibits antineoplastic activity.	2.71	3	0	acridines; aromatic ether; sulfonamide	antineoplastic agent; EC 5.99.1.3 [DNA topoisomerase (ATP-hydrolysing)] inhibitor
anastrozole [no description available]	2.05	1	0	nitrile; triazoles	antineoplastic agent; EC 1.14.14.14 (aromatase) inhibitor
anethole trithione Anethole Trithione: Choleretic used to allay dry mouth and constipation due to tranquilizers.	2.05	1	0	methoxybenzenes
aniracetam [no description available]	5.66	25	0	N-acylpyrrolidine; pyrrolidin-2-ones
antazoline Antazoline: An antagonist of histamine H1 receptors.. antazoline : A member of the class of imidazolines that is 2-aminomethyl-2-imidazoline in which the exocyclic amino hydrogens are replaced by benzyl and phenyl groups. Antazoline is only found in individuals that have taken the drug.	2.41	2	0	aromatic amine; imidazolines; tertiary amino compound	cholinergic antagonist; H1-receptor antagonist; xenobiotic
9-anthroic acid 9-anthroic acid: RN given refers to unlabeled parent cpd; chloride channel blocker; do not confuse with c-ANCA (anti-neutrophil cytoplasmic antibodies) which is frequently abbreviated as ANCA. 9-anthroic acid : An anthroic acid carrying the carboxy substituent at position 9.	2.42	2	0	anthroic acid
anthralin Anthralin: An anthracene derivative that disrupts MITOCHONDRIA function and structure and is used for the treatment of DERMATOSES, especially PSORIASIS. It may cause FOLLICULITIS.. anthralin : An anthracene compound derived by the substitution of -OH groups for hydrogen at C-1 and C-8, and with an oxo group at C-9.	2.05	1	0	anthracenes	antipsoriatic
antipyrine Antipyrine: An analgesic and antipyretic that has been given by mouth and as ear drops. Antipyrine is often used in testing the effects of other drugs or diseases on drug-metabolizing enzymes in the liver. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p29). antipyrine : A pyrazolone derivative that is 1,2-dihydropyrazol-3-one substituted with methyl groups at N-1 and C-5 and with a phenyl group at N-2.	3.64	9	0	pyrazolone	antipyretic; cyclooxygenase 3 inhibitor; environmental contaminant; non-narcotic analgesic; non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug; xenobiotic
2-amino-4-phosphonobutyric acid 2-amino-4-phosphonobutyric acid: glutamate antagonist in locust muscle; structure; do not confuse with L-AP4, which is the propionic acid version	7.53	102	0
acetovanillone apocynin : An aromatic ketone that is 1-phenylethanone substituted by a hydroxy group at position 4 and a methoxy group at position 3.	4.22	6	0	acetophenones; aromatic ketone; methyl ketone	antirheumatic drug; EC 1.6.3.1. [NAD(P)H oxidase (H2O2-forming)] inhibitor; non-narcotic analgesic; non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug; peripheral nervous system drug; plant metabolite
arcaine arcaine: RN given refers to parent cpd; structure. 1,4-diguanidinobutane : A guanidine derivative consisting of butane having guanidino groups at the 1- and 4-positions.	3.24	6	0	guanidines
arecoline Arecoline: An alkaloid obtained from the betel nut (Areca catechu), fruit of a palm tree. It is an agonist at both muscarinic and nicotinic acetylcholine receptors. It is used in the form of various salts as a ganglionic stimulant, a parasympathomimetic, and a vermifuge, especially in veterinary practice. It has been used as a euphoriant in the Pacific Islands.. arecoline : A tetrahydropyridine that is 1,2,5,6-tetrahydropyridine with a methyl group at position 1, and a methoxycarbonyl group at position 3. An alkaloid found in the areca nut, it acts as an agonist of muscarinic acetylcholine.	2.69	3	0	enoate ester; methyl ester; pyridine alkaloid; tetrahydropyridine	metabolite; muscarinic agonist
aristolochic acid i aristolochic acid I: phospholipase A inhibitor. aristolochic acid A : An aristolochic acid that is phenanthrene-1-carboxylic acid that is substituted by a methylenedioxy group at the 3,4 positions, by a methoxy group at position 8, and by a nitro group at position 10. It is the most abundant of the aristolochic acids and is found in almost all Aristolochia (birthworts or pipevines) species. It has been tried in a number of treatments for inflammatory disorders, mainly in Chinese and folk medicine. However, there is concern over their use as aristolochic acid is both carcinogenic and nephrotoxic.	2.11	1	0	aristolochic acids; aromatic ether; C-nitro compound; cyclic acetal; monocarboxylic acid; organic heterotetracyclic compound	carcinogenic agent; metabolite; mutagen; nephrotoxin; toxin
aspirin Aspirin: The prototypical analgesic used in the treatment of mild to moderate pain. It has anti-inflammatory and antipyretic properties and acts as an inhibitor of cyclooxygenase which results in the inhibition of the biosynthesis of prostaglandins. Aspirin also inhibits platelet aggregation and is used in the prevention of arterial and venous thrombosis. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p5). acetylsalicylate : A benzoate that is the conjugate base of acetylsalicylic acid, arising from deprotonation of the carboxy group.. acetylsalicylic acid : A member of the class of benzoic acids that is salicylic acid in which the hydrogen that is attached to the phenolic hydroxy group has been replaced by an acetoxy group. A non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug with cyclooxygenase inhibitor activity.	5.65	24	0	benzoic acids; phenyl acetates; salicylates	anticoagulant; antipyretic; cyclooxygenase 1 inhibitor; cyclooxygenase 2 inhibitor; drug allergen; EC 1.1.1.188 (prostaglandin-F synthase) inhibitor; geroprotector; non-narcotic analgesic; non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug; plant activator; platelet aggregation inhibitor; prostaglandin antagonist; teratogenic agent
astemizole Astemizole: Antihistamine drug now withdrawn from the market in many countries because of rare but potentially fatal side effects.. astemizole : A piperidine compound having a 2-(4-methoxyphenyl)ethyl group at the 1-position and an N-[(4-fluorobenzyl)benzimidazol-2-yl]amino group at the 4-position.	2.78	3	0	benzimidazoles; piperidines	anti-allergic agent; anticoronaviral agent; H1-receptor antagonist
atenolol Atenolol: A cardioselective beta-1 adrenergic blocker possessing properties and potency similar to PROPRANOLOL, but without a negative inotropic effect.. atenolol : An ethanolamine compound having a (4-carbamoylmethylphenoxy)methyl group at the 1-position and an N-isopropyl substituent.	3.75	10	0	ethanolamines; monocarboxylic acid amide; propanolamine	anti-arrhythmia drug; antihypertensive agent; beta-adrenergic antagonist; environmental contaminant; sympatholytic agent; xenobiotic
alpha-amino-3-hydroxy-5-tert-butyl-4-isoxazolepropionate alpha-amino-3-hydroxy-5-tert-butyl-4-isoxazolepropionate: a glutamate agonist	3.71	10	0	alpha-amino acid
atrazine [no description available]	2.99	4	0	chloro-1,3,5-triazine; diamino-1,3,5-triazine	environmental contaminant; herbicide; xenobiotic
aurintricarboxylic acid Aurintricarboxylic Acid: A dye which inhibits protein biosynthesis at the initial stages. The ammonium salt (aluminon) is a reagent for the colorimetric estimation of aluminum in water, foods, and tissues.. aurintricarboxylic acid : A member of the class of quinomethanes that is 3-methylidene-6-oxocyclohexa-1,4-diene-1-carboxylic acid in which the methylidene hydrogens are replaced by 4-carboxy-3-hydroxyphenyl groups. The trisodium salt is the biological stain 'chrome violet CG' while the triammonium salt is 'aluminon'.	3.69	10	0	monohydroxybenzoic acid; quinomethanes; tricarboxylic acid	fluorochrome; histological dye; insulin-like growth factor receptor 1 antagonist
azasetron azasetron: a selective 5-HT3 receptor antagonist; structure given in first source;	2.7	3	0	benzoxazine
azathioprine Azathioprine: An immunosuppressive agent used in combination with cyclophosphamide and hydroxychloroquine in the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis. According to the Fourth Annual Report on Carcinogens (NTP 85-002, 1985), this substance has been listed as a known carcinogen. (Merck Index, 11th ed). azathioprine : A thiopurine that is 6-mercaptopurine in which the mercapto hydrogen is replaced by a 1-methyl-4-nitroimidazol-5-yl group. It is a prodrug for mercaptopurine and is used as an immunosuppressant, prescribed for the treatment of inflammatory conditions and after organ transplantation and also for treatment of Crohn's didease and MS.	2.05	1	0	aryl sulfide; C-nitro compound; imidazoles; thiopurine	antimetabolite; antineoplastic agent; carcinogenic agent; DNA synthesis inhibitor; hepatotoxic agent; immunosuppressive agent; prodrug
azobenzene azobenzene: photosensor molecule known to undergo reversible isomerization from trans to cis on illumination with photons of appropriate wavelength; RN given refers to cpd without isomeric designation; structure. (E)-azobenzene : The (E)-isomer of azobenzene.. (Z)-azobenzene : The (Z)-isomer of azobenzene.. azobenzene : A molecule whose structure comprises two phenyl rings linked by a N=N double bond; the parent compound of the azobenzene class of compounds.	2.5	2	0	azobenzenes
azepexole [no description available]	2.01	1	0
baclofen [no description available]	8.33	125	0	amino acid zwitterion; gamma-amino acid; monocarboxylic acid; monochlorobenzenes; primary amino compound	central nervous system depressant; GABA agonist; muscle relaxant
2,2-bis(4-glycidyloxyphenyl)propane 2,2-bis(4-glycidyloxyphenyl)propane: structure	2.03	1	0	diarylmethane
barbital 5,5-diethylbarbituric acid : A member of the class of barbiturates, the structure of which is that of barbituric acid substituted at C-5 by two ethyl groups. Formerly used as a hypnotic (sleeping aid).	2.36	2	0	barbiturates	drug allergen
bay-k-8644 3-Pyridinecarboxylic acid, 1,4-dihydro-2,6-dimethyl-5-nitro-4-(2-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl)-, Methyl ester: A dihydropyridine derivative, which, in contrast to NIFEDIPINE, functions as a calcium channel agonist. The compound facilitates Ca2+ influx through partially activated voltage-dependent Ca2+ channels, thereby causing vasoconstrictor and positive inotropic effects. It is used primarily as a research tool.. Bay-K-8644 : A racemate comprising equimolar amounts of (R)- and (S)-Bay-K-8644. methyl 2,6-dimethyl-5-nitro-4-[2-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl]-1,4-dihydropyridine-3-carboxylate : A pentasubstituted dihydropyridine carrying methoxycarbonyl, 2-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl and nitro substituents at positions 3, 4 and 5 respectively as well as two methyl substituents at positions 2 and 6.	5.16	18	0	(trifluoromethyl)benzenes; C-nitro compound; dihydropyridine; methyl ester
bendazac bendazac : A monocarboxylic acid that is glycolic acid in which the hydrogen attached to the 2-hydroxy group is replaced by a 1-benzyl-1H-indazol-3-yl group. Although it has anti-inflammatory, antinecrotic, choleretic and antilipidaemic properties and has been used for the treatment of various inflammatory skin disorders, its principal effect is to inhibit the denaturation of proteins. Its lysine salt is used in the management of cataracts.	2.05	1	0	indazoles; monocarboxylic acid	non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug; radical scavenger
benoxathian benoxathian: RN given refers to parent cpd; structure given in first source	2.48	2	0
benserazide Benserazide: An inhibitor of DOPA DECARBOXYLASE that does not enter the central nervous system. It is often given with LEVODOPA in the treatment of parkinsonism to prevent the conversion of levodopa to dopamine in the periphery, thereby increasing the amount that reaches the central nervous system and reducing the required dose. It has no antiparkinson actions when given alone.. benserazide : A carbohydrazide that results from the formal condensation of the carboxy group of DL-serine with the primary amino group of 4-(hydrazinylmethyl)benzene-1,2,3-triol. An aromatic-L-amino-acid decarboxylase inhibitor (DOPA decarboxylase inhibitor) that does not enter the central nervous system, it is used as its hydrochloride salt as an adjunct to levodopa in the treatment of parkinsonism. By preventing the conversion of levodopa to dopamine in the periphery, it causes an increase in the amount of levodopa reaching the central nervous system and so reduces the required dose. Benserazide has no antiparkinson actions when given alone.	2.97	4	0	carbohydrazide; catechols; primary alcohol; primary amino compound	antiparkinson drug; dopaminergic agent; EC 4.1.1.28 (aromatic-L-amino-acid decarboxylase) inhibitor
benzamide benzamide : An aromatic amide that consists of benzene bearing a single carboxamido substituent. The parent of the class of benzamides.	2.39	2	0	benzamides
benzamidine benzamidine: RN given refers to parent cpd. benzamidine : A carboxamidine that is benzene carrying an amidino group.	2.02	1	0	benzenes; carboxamidine	serine protease inhibitor
benzbromarone Benzbromarone: Uricosuric that acts by increasing uric acid clearance. It is used in the treatment of gout.. benzbromarone : 1-Benzofuran substituted at C-2 and C-3 by an ethyl group and a 3,5-dibromo-4-hydroxybenzoyl group respectively. An inhibitor of CYP2C9, it is used as an anti-gout medication.	2.05	1	0	1-benzofurans; aromatic ketone	uricosuric drug
benzo(a)pyrene Benzo(a)pyrene: A potent mutagen and carcinogen. It is a public health concern because of its possible effects on industrial workers, as an environmental pollutant, an as a component of tobacco smoke.. benzo[a]pyrene : An ortho- and peri-fused polycyclic arene consisting of five fused benzene rings.	3.08	4	0	ortho- and peri-fused polycyclic arene	carcinogenic agent; mouse metabolite
benzothiazide benzothiazide: structure. benzthiazide : 7-Sulfamoyl-1,2,4-benzothiadiazine 1,1-dioxide in which the hydrogen at position 6 is substituted by chlorine and that at position 3 is substituted by a benzylsulfanylmethyl group. A diuretic, it is used to treat hypertension and edema.	3.77	10	0	benzothiadiazine; sulfonamide	antihypertensive agent; diuretic
benzyl benzoate benzyl benzoate: structure; acarosan, a moist powder composed of wetted cellulose and benzyl benzoate, is used on carpets as an acaricide. benzyl benzoate : A benzoate ester obtained by the formal condensation of benzoic acid with benzyl alcohol. It has been isolated from the plant species of the genus Polyalthia.	2.08	1	0	benzoate ester; benzyl ester	acaricide; plant metabolite; scabicide
bepridil Bepridil: A long-acting calcium-blocking agent with significant anti-anginal activity. The drug produces significant coronary vasodilation and modest peripheral effects. It has antihypertensive and selective anti-arrhythmia activities and acts as a calmodulin antagonist.. bepridil : A tertiary amine in which the substituents on nitrogen are benzyl, phenyl and 3-(2-methylpropoxy)-2-(pyrrolidin-1-yl)propyl.	3.09	5	0	pyrrolidines; tertiary amine	anti-arrhythmia drug; antihypertensive agent; calcium channel blocker; vasodilator agent
berberine [no description available]	3.44	7	0	alkaloid antibiotic; berberine alkaloid; botanical anti-fungal agent; organic heteropentacyclic compound	antilipemic drug; antineoplastic agent; antioxidant; EC 1.1.1.141 [15-hydroxyprostaglandin dehydrogenase (NAD(+))] inhibitor; EC 1.1.1.21 (aldehyde reductase) inhibitor; EC 1.13.11.52 (indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase) inhibitor; EC 1.21.3.3 (reticuline oxidase) inhibitor; EC 2.1.1.116 [3'-hydroxy-N-methyl-(S)-coclaurine 4'-O-methyltransferase] inhibitor; EC 2.1.1.122 [(S)-tetrahydroprotoberberine N-methyltransferase] inhibitor; EC 2.7.11.10 (IkappaB kinase) inhibitor; EC 3.1.1.4 (phospholipase A2) inhibitor; EC 3.1.1.7 (acetylcholinesterase) inhibitor; EC 3.1.1.8 (cholinesterase) inhibitor; EC 3.1.3.48 (protein-tyrosine-phosphatase) inhibitor; EC 3.4.14.5 (dipeptidyl-peptidase IV) inhibitor; EC 3.4.21.26 (prolyl oligopeptidase) inhibitor; geroprotector; hypoglycemic agent; metabolite; potassium channel blocker
diminazene Diminazene: An effective trypanocidal agent.. diminazene : A triazene derivative that is triazene in which each of the terminal nitrogens is substituted by a 4-carbamimidoylphenyl group.	2.25	1	0	carboxamidine; triazene derivative	antiparasitic agent; trypanocidal drug
betahistine Betahistine: A histamine analog and H1 receptor agonist that serves as a vasodilator. It is used in MENIERE DISEASE and in vascular headaches but may exacerbate bronchial asthma and peptic ulcers.. betahistine : An aminoalkylpyridine that is pyridine substituted by a 2-(methylamino)ethyl group at position 2. It acts as a histamine agonist and a vasodilator, and is thought to improve the microcirculation of the labyrinth, resulting in reduced endolymphatic pressure. It is used (generally as the hydrochloride or mesylate salt) to reduce the symptoms of vertigo, tinnitus, and hearing loss associated with Meniere's disease.	1.97	1	0	aminoalkylpyridine; secondary amino compound	H1-receptor agonist; vasodilator agent
betaxolol [no description available]	3.71	10	0	propanolamine	antihypertensive agent; beta-adrenergic antagonist; sympatholytic agent
bethanechol Bethanechol: A slowly hydrolyzing muscarinic agonist with no nicotinic effects. Bethanechol is generally used to increase smooth muscle tone, as in the GI tract following abdominal surgery or in urinary retention in the absence of obstruction. It may cause hypotension, HEART RATE changes, and BRONCHIAL SPASM.. bethanechol : The carbamic acid ester of 2-methylcholine. A slowly hydrolysed muscarinic agonist with no nicotinic effects, it is used as its chloride salt to increase smooth muscle tone, as in the gastrointestinal tract following abdominal surgery, treatment of gastro-oesophageal reflux disease, and as an alternative to catheterisation in the treatment of non-obstructive urinary retention.	2.68	3	0	carbamate ester; quaternary ammonium ion	muscarinic agonist
bicalutamide bicalutamide: approved for treatment of advanced prostate cancer. N-[4-cyano-3-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl]-3-[(4-fluorophenyl)sulfonyl]-2-hydroxy-2-methylpropanamide : A member of the class of (trifluoromethyl)benzenes that is 4-amino-2-(trifluoromethyl)benzonitrile in which one of the amino hydrogens is substituted by a 3-[(4-fluorophenyl)sulfonyl]-2-hydroxy-2-methylpropanoyl group.. bicalutamide : A racemate comprising of equal amounts of (R)-bicalutamide and (S)-bicalutamide. It is an oral non-steroidal antiandrogen used in the treatment of prostate cancer and hirsutism.	2.05	1	0	(trifluoromethyl)benzenes; monocarboxylic acid amide; monofluorobenzenes; nitrile; sulfone; tertiary alcohol
bifemelane bifemelane: structure given in first source	2.67	3	0	diarylmethane
bay h 4502 bifonazole : A racemate comprising equimolar amounts of R- and S-bifonazole. It is a broad spectrum antifungal drug used for the treatment of fungal skin and nail infections.. 1-[biphenyl-4-yl(phenyl)methyl]imidazole : A member of the class of imidazoles carrying an alpha-(biphenyl-4-yl)benzyl substituent at position 1.	2.43	2	0	biphenyls; imidazoles
biperiden Biperiden: A muscarinic antagonist that has effects in both the central and peripheral nervous systems. It has been used in the treatment of arteriosclerotic, idiopathic, and postencephalitic parkinsonism. It has also been used to alleviate extrapyramidal symptoms induced by phenothiazine derivatives and reserpine.. biperiden : A member of the class of piperidines that is N-propylpiperidine in which the methyl hydrogens have been replaced by hydroxy, phenyl, and 5-norbornen-2-yl groups. A muscarinic antagonist affecting both the central and peripheral nervous systems, it is used in the treatment of all forms of Parkinson's disease.	3.06	1	0	piperidines; tertiary alcohol; tertiary amino compound	antidote to sarin poisoning; antidyskinesia agent; antiparkinson drug; muscarinic antagonist; parasympatholytic
bisbenzimidazole Bisbenzimidazole: A benzimidazole antifilarial agent; it is fluorescent when it binds to certain nucleotides in DNA, thus providing a tool for the study of DNA replication; it also interferes with mitosis.	3.63	9	0	bibenzimidazole; N-methylpiperazine	anthelminthic drug; fluorochrome
bisindolylmaleimide i bisindolylmaleimide I: a bis(indolyl)maleimide	4.37	20	0
bisoprolol Bisoprolol: A cardioselective beta-1 adrenergic blocker. It is effective in the management of HYPERTENSION and ANGINA PECTORIS.	2.4	2	0	secondary alcohol; secondary amine	anti-arrhythmia drug; antihypertensive agent; beta-adrenergic antagonist; sympatholytic agent
bromisovalum Bromisovalum: A sedative and mild hypnotic with potentially toxic effects.. bromisoval : A racemate comprising equimolar amounts of (R)- and (S)-bromisoval. It was previously used for its hypnotic and sedative properties but the use of bromides is now deprecated due to the possibility of the toxic accumulation of bromine in the body.. 2-bromo-N-carbamoyl-3-methylbutanamide : An N-acylurea that is urea in which one of the hydrogens is replaced by a 2-bromo-3-methybutanoyl group.	2.05	1	0	N-acylurea; organobromine compound
brotizolam brotizolam: structure	7.45	2	0	organic molecular entity
bu 224 BU 224: a selective imidazoline 2-receptor blocker	2.13	1	0	quinolines
bumetanide [no description available]	6.01	14	2	amino acid; benzoic acids; sulfonamide	diuretic; EC 3.6.3.49 (channel-conductance-controlling ATPase) inhibitor
bunazosin bunazosin: structure	2.02	1	0	quinazolines
bupivacaine Bupivacaine: A widely used local anesthetic agent.. 1-butyl-N-(2,6-dimethylphenyl)piperidine-2-carboxamide : A piperidinecarboxamide obtained by formal condensation of the carboxy group of N-butylpipecolic acid with the amino group of 2,6-dimethylaniline.. bupivacaine : A racemate composed of equimolar amounts of dextrobupivacaine and levobupivacaine. Used (in the form of its hydrochloride hydrate) as a local anaesthetic.	3.92	12	0	aromatic amide; piperidinecarboxamide; tertiary amino compound
bupranolol Bupranolol: An adrenergic-beta-2 antagonist that has been used for cardiac arrhythmia, angina pectoris, hypertension, glaucoma, and as an antithrombotic.	1.96	1	0	aromatic ether
buspirone Buspirone: An anxiolytic agent and serotonin receptor agonist belonging to the azaspirodecanedione class of compounds. Its structure is unrelated to those of the BENZODIAZAPINES, but it has an efficacy comparable to DIAZEPAM.. buspirone : An azaspiro compound that is 8-azaspiro[4.5]decane-7,9-dione substituted at the nitrogen atom by a 4-(piperazin-1-yl)butyl group which in turn is substituted by a pyrimidin-2-yl group at the N(4) position.	2.7	3	0	azaspiro compound; N-alkylpiperazine; N-arylpiperazine; organic heteropolycyclic compound; piperidones; pyrimidines	anxiolytic drug; EC 3.4.21.26 (prolyl oligopeptidase) inhibitor; sedative; serotonergic agonist
busulfan [no description available]	2.05	1	0	methanesulfonate ester	alkylating agent; antineoplastic agent; carcinogenic agent; insect sterilant; teratogenic agent
butalbital butalbital: management of butalbital withdrawal can be simplified by using a phenobarbital-loading protocol; RN given refers to parent cpd. butalbital : A member of the class of barbiturates that is barbituric acid in which the hydrogens at position 5 are substituted by an allyl group and an isobutyl group. Frequently combined with other medicines, such as aspirin, paracetamol and codeine, it is used for treatment of pain and headache.	2.05	1	0	barbiturates	analgesic; sedative
cacodylic acid dimethylarsinic acid : The organoarsenic compound that is arsenic acid substituted on the central arsenic atom with two methyl groups.	2.07	1	0	organoarsenic compound	xenobiotic metabolite
caffeine [no description available]	6.61	65	0	purine alkaloid; trimethylxanthine	adenosine A2A receptor antagonist; adenosine receptor antagonist; adjuvant; central nervous system stimulant; diuretic; EC 2.7.11.1 (non-specific serine/threonine protein kinase) inhibitor; EC 3.1.4.* (phosphoric diester hydrolase) inhibitor; environmental contaminant; food additive; fungal metabolite; geroprotector; human blood serum metabolite; mouse metabolite; mutagen; plant metabolite; psychotropic drug; ryanodine receptor agonist; xenobiotic
verapamil Verapamil: A calcium channel blocker that is a class IV anti-arrhythmia agent.. verapamil : A racemate comprising equimolar amounts of dexverapamil and (S)-verapamil. An L-type calcium channel blocker of the phenylalkylamine class, it is used (particularly as the hydrochloride salt) in the treatment of hypertension, angina pectoris and cardiac arrhythmia, and as a preventive medication for migraine.. 2-(3,4-dimethoxyphenyl)-5-{[2-(3,4-dimethoxyphenyl)ethyl](methyl)amino}-2-(propan-2-yl)pentanenitrile : A tertiary amino compound that is 3,4-dimethoxyphenylethylamine in which the hydrogens attached to the nitrogen are replaced by a methyl group and a 4-cyano-4-(3,4-dimethoxyphenyl)-5-methylhexyl group.	5.13	45	0	aromatic ether; nitrile; polyether; tertiary amino compound
pantogab pantogab: RN given refers to cpd without isomeric designation; synonym hopantenic acid refers to (R)-isomer; synonym pantogam refers to Ca salt (2:1), ((R)-isomer	2.37	2	0
calmidazolium calmidazolium: powerful inhibitor of or red blood cell Ca++-ATPase & Ca++ transport into inside-out red blood cell vesicles; RN refers to chloride; structure in first source; an antagonist of calmodulin. calmidazolium : An imidazolium ion that is imidazolium cation substituted by a bis(4-chlorophenyl)methyl group at position 1 and a 2-[(2,4-dichlorobenzyl)oxy]-2-(2,4-dichlorophenyl)ethyl group at position 3. It acts as an antagonist of calmodulin, a calcium binding messenger protein.	3.4	7	0	imidazolium ion	apoptosis inducer; calmodulin antagonist
camphor, (+-)-isomer [no description available]	2.93	4	0	bornane monoterpenoid; cyclic monoterpene ketone	plant metabolite
candesartan cilexetil candesartan cilexetil: a prodrug which is metabolized to an active form candesartan to exert its biological effects	2.05	1	0	biphenyls
candesartan candesartan: a nonpeptide angiotensin II receptor antagonist. candesartan : A benzimidazolecarboxylic acid that is 1H-benzimidazole-7-carboxylic acid substituted by an ethoxy group at position 2 and a ({2'-(1H-tetrazol-5-yl)[1,1'-biphenyl]-4-yl}methyl) group at position 1. It is a angiotensin receptor antagonist used for the treatment of hypertension.	3.32	6	0	benzimidazolecarboxylic acid; biphenylyltetrazole	angiotensin receptor antagonist; antihypertensive agent; environmental contaminant; xenobiotic
carbamazepine Carbamazepine: A dibenzazepine that acts as a sodium channel blocker. It is used as an anticonvulsant for the treatment of grand mal and psychomotor or focal SEIZURES. It may also be used in the management of BIPOLAR DISORDER, and has analgesic properties.. carbamazepine : A dibenzoazepine that is 5H-dibenzo[b,f]azepine carrying a carbamoyl substituent at the azepine nitrogen, used as an anticonvulsant.	6.3	28	0	dibenzoazepine; ureas	analgesic; anticonvulsant; antimanic drug; drug allergen; EC 3.5.1.98 (histone deacetylase) inhibitor; environmental contaminant; glutamate transporter activator; mitogen; non-narcotic analgesic; sodium channel blocker; xenobiotic
carbamazepine epoxide carbamazepine epoxide: metabolite of carbamazepine; RN given refers to unlabeled cpd. carbamazepine-10,11-epoxide : An epoxide and metabolite of carbamazepine.	1.96	1	0	dibenzoazepine; epoxide; ureas	allergen; drug metabolite; marine xenobiotic metabolite
carbetapentane carbetapentane: RN given refers to parent cpd	2.67	3	0	benzenes
carbofuran Carbofuran: A cholinesterase inhibitor that is used as a systemic insecticide, an acaricide, and nematocide. (From Merck Index, 11th ed)	2.17	1	0	1-benzofurans; carbamate ester	acaricide; agrochemical; avicide; carbamate insecticide; EC 3.1.1.7 (acetylcholinesterase) inhibitor; EC 3.1.1.8 (cholinesterase) inhibitor; nematicide
carisoprodol Carisoprodol: A centrally acting skeletal muscle relaxant whose mechanism of action is not completely understood but may be related to its sedative actions. It is used as an adjunct in the symptomatic treatment of musculoskeletal conditions associated with painful muscle spasm. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p1202). carisoprodol : A carbamate ester that is the mono-N-isopropyl derivative of meprobamate (which is a significant metabolite). Carisoprodol interrupts neuronal communication within the reticular formation and spinal cord, resulting in sedation and alteration in pain perception. It is used as a muscle relaxant in the symptomatic treatment of musculoskeletal conditions associated with painful muscle spasm.	2.05	1	0	carbamate ester	muscle relaxant
carmustine Carmustine: A cell-cycle phase nonspecific alkylating antineoplastic agent. It is used in the treatment of brain tumors and various other malignant neoplasms. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p462) This substance may reasonably be anticipated to be a carcinogen according to the Fourth Annual Report on Carcinogens (NTP 85-002, 1985). (From Merck Index, 11th ed). carmustine : A member of the class of N-nitrosoureas that is 1,3-bis(2-chloroethyl)urea in which one of the nitrogens is substituted by a nitroso group.	2.43	2	0	N-nitrosoureas; organochlorine compound	alkylating agent; antineoplastic agent
carprofen carprofen: RN given refers to cpd without isomeric designation. carprofen : Propanoic acid in which one of the methylene hydrogens is substituted by a 6-chloro-9H-carbazol-2-yl group. A non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug, it is no longer used in human medicine but is still used for treatment of arthritis in elderly dogs.	2.05	1	0	carbazoles; organochlorine compound	EC 1.14.99.1 (prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase) inhibitor; non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug; photosensitizing agent
carteolol Carteolol: A beta-adrenergic antagonist used as an anti-arrhythmia agent, an anti-angina agent, an antihypertensive agent, and an antiglaucoma agent.	2.01	1	0	quinolone; secondary alcohol	anti-arrhythmia drug; antiglaucoma drug; antihypertensive agent; beta-adrenergic antagonist; sympatholytic agent
carvedilol [no description available]	2.72	3	0	carbazoles; secondary alcohol; secondary amino compound	alpha-adrenergic antagonist; antihypertensive agent; beta-adrenergic antagonist; cardiovascular drug; vasodilator agent
carbonyl cyanide m-chlorophenyl hydrazone Carbonyl Cyanide m-Chlorophenyl Hydrazone: A proton ionophore. It is commonly used as an uncoupling agent and inhibitor of photosynthesis because of its effects on mitochondrial and chloroplast membranes.. CCCP : A member of the class of monochlorobenzenes that is benzene substituted by 2-(1,3-dinitrilopropan-2-ylidene)hydrazinyl and chloro groups at positions 1 and 3, respectively. It is a mitochondrial depolarizing agent that induces reactive oxygen species mediated cell death.	4.29	19	0	hydrazone; monochlorobenzenes; nitrile	antibacterial agent; geroprotector; ionophore
cefuroxime Cefuroxime: Broad-spectrum cephalosporin antibiotic resistant to beta-lactamase. It has been proposed for infections with gram-negative and gram-positive organisms, GONORRHEA, and HAEMOPHILUS.. cefuroxime : A 3-(carbamoyloxymethyl)cephalosporin compound having a 7-(2Z)-2-(furan-2-yl)-2-(methoxyimino)acetamido side chain.	1.99	1	0	carbamate ester; cephalosporin
celecoxib [no description available]	3.56	8	0	organofluorine compound; pyrazoles; sulfonamide; toluenes	cyclooxygenase 2 inhibitor; geroprotector; non-narcotic analgesic; non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug
cetirizine Cetirizine: A potent second-generation histamine H1 antagonist that is effective in the treatment of allergic rhinitis, chronic urticaria, and pollen-induced asthma. Unlike many traditional antihistamines, it does not cause drowsiness or anticholinergic side effects.. cetirizine : A member of the class of piperazines that is piperazine in which the hydrogens attached to nitrogen are replaced by a (4-chlorophenyl)(phenyl)methyl and a 2-(carboxymethoxy)ethyl group respectively.	2.05	1	0	ether; monocarboxylic acid; monochlorobenzenes; piperazines	anti-allergic agent; environmental contaminant; H1-receptor antagonist; xenobiotic
cetyltrimethylammonium ion Cetrimonium: Cetyltrimethylammonium compound whose salts and derivatives are used primarily as topical antiseptics.. cetyltrimethylammonium ion : A quaternary ammonium ion in which the substituents on nitrogen are one hexadecyl and three methyl groups.	2.94	4	0	quaternary ammonium ion
cgp 12177 CGP 12177 : A benzimidazole that is benzimidazol-2-one substituted at position 4 by a 3-(tert-butylamino)-2-hydroxypropoxy group.	2	1	0	aromatic ether; benzimidazoles; secondary alcohol; secondary amino compound	beta-adrenergic antagonist
cgp 37157 CGP 37157: benzothiazepine derivative of clonazepam; inhibits the in vitro activity of mitochondrial sodium-calcium exchange	3.63	9	0	benzothiazepine
cgs 15943 9-chloro-2-(2-furyl)-(1,2,4)triazolo(1,5-c)quinazolin-5-imine: non-xanthine triazoloquinazoline adenosine antagonist. CGS 15943 : A member of the class of triazoloquinazolines that is [1,2,4]triazolo[1,5-c]quinazoline substited at positions 2, 5 and 9 by furan-2-yl, amino and chloro groups respectively. A potent antagonist at adenosine A1 and adenosine A2A receptors.	1.98	1	0	aromatic amine; biaryl; furans; organochlorine compound; primary amino compound; quinazolines; triazoloquinazoline	adenosine A1 receptor antagonist; adenosine A2A receptor antagonist; antineoplastic agent; central nervous system stimulant
chelerythrine chelerythrine : A benzophenanthridine alkaloid isolated from the root of Zanthoxylum simulans, Chelidonium majus L., and other Papaveraceae.	4.29	18	0	benzophenanthridine alkaloid; organic cation	antibacterial agent; antineoplastic agent; EC 2.7.11.13 (protein kinase C) inhibitor
chloral hydrate [no description available]	3.38	7	0	aldehyde hydrate; ethanediol; organochlorine compound	general anaesthetic; mouse metabolite; sedative; xenobiotic
chlorambucil Chlorambucil: A nitrogen mustard alkylating agent used as antineoplastic for chronic lymphocytic leukemia, Hodgkin's disease, and others. Although it is less toxic than most other nitrogen mustards, it has been listed as a known carcinogen in the Fourth Annual Report on Carcinogens (NTP 85-002, 1985). (Merck Index, 11th ed). chlorambucil : A monocarboxylic acid that is butanoic acid substituted at position 4 by a 4-[bis(2-chloroethyl)amino]phenyl group. A chemotherapy drug that can be used in combination with the antibody obinutuzumab for the treatment of chronic lymphocytic leukemia.	2.05	1	0	aromatic amine; monocarboxylic acid; nitrogen mustard; organochlorine compound; tertiary amino compound	alkylating agent; antineoplastic agent; carcinogenic agent; drug allergen; immunosuppressive agent
chlordiazepoxide Chlordiazepoxide: An anxiolytic benzodiazepine derivative with anticonvulsant, sedative, and amnesic properties. It has also been used in the symptomatic treatment of alcohol withdrawal.. chlordiazepoxide : A benzodiazepine that is 3H-1,4-benzodiazepine 4-oxide substituted by a chloro group at position 7, a phenyl group at position 5 and a methylamino group at position 2.	4.61	8	0	benzodiazepine
chlormezanone Chlormezanone: A non-benzodiazepine that is used in the management of anxiety. It has been suggested for use in the treatment of muscle spasm.. chlormezanone : A 1,3-thiazine that is 1,3-thiazinan-4-one S,S-dioxide in which a hydrogen at position 2 is substituted by a 4-chlorophenyl group and the hydrogen attached to the nitrogen is substituted by methyl. A non-benzodiazepine muscle relaxant, it was used in the management of anxiety and in the treatment of muscle spasms until being discontinued worldwide by its manufacturer in 1996, due to rare but serious cutaneous reactions.	2.05	1	0	1,3-thiazine; lactam; monochlorobenzenes; sulfone	antipsychotic agent; anxiolytic drug; muscle relaxant
chloroquine Chloroquine: The prototypical antimalarial agent with a mechanism that is not well understood. It has also been used to treat rheumatoid arthritis, systemic lupus erythematosus, and in the systemic therapy of amebic liver abscesses.. chloroquine : An aminoquinoline that is quinoline which is substituted at position 4 by a [5-(diethylamino)pentan-2-yl]amino group at at position 7 by chlorine. It is used for the treatment of malaria, hepatic amoebiasis, lupus erythematosus, light-sensitive skin eruptions, and rheumatoid arthritis.	3.78	10	0	aminoquinoline; organochlorine compound; secondary amino compound; tertiary amino compound	anticoronaviral agent; antimalarial; antirheumatic drug; autophagy inhibitor; dermatologic drug
chloroxylenol chloroxylenol: topical antiseptic; RN given refers to parent cpd; structure. 4-chloro-3,5-dimethylphenol : A member of the class of phenols that is 3,5-xylenol which is substituted at position 4 by chlorine. It is bactericidal against most Gram-positive bacteria but less effective against Staphylococci and Gram-negative bacteria, and often inactive against Pseudomonas species. It is ineffective against bacterial spores.	2.05	1	0	monochlorobenzenes; phenols	antiseptic drug; disinfectant; molluscicide
chlorpheniramine Chlorpheniramine: A histamine H1 antagonist used in allergic reactions, hay fever, rhinitis, urticaria, and asthma. It has also been used in veterinary applications. One of the most widely used of the classical antihistaminics, it generally causes less drowsiness and sedation than PROMETHAZINE.. chlorphenamine : A tertiary amino compound that is propylamine which is substituted at position 3 by a pyridin-2-yl group and a p-chlorophenyl group and in which the hydrogens attached to the nitrogen are replaced by methyl groups. A histamine H1 antagonist, it is used to relieve the symptoms of hay fever, rhinitis, urticaria, and asthma.	2.69	3	0	monochlorobenzenes; pyridines; tertiary amino compound	anti-allergic agent; antidepressant; antipruritic drug; H1-receptor antagonist; histamine antagonist; serotonin uptake inhibitor
chlorpromazine Chlorpromazine: The prototypical phenothiazine antipsychotic drug. Like the other drugs in this class chlorpromazine's antipsychotic actions are thought to be due to long-term adaptation by the brain to blocking DOPAMINE RECEPTORS. Chlorpromazine has several other actions and therapeutic uses, including as an antiemetic and in the treatment of intractable hiccup.. chlorpromazine : A substituted phenothiazine in which the ring nitrogen at position 10 is attached to C-3 of an N,N-dimethylpropanamine moiety.	3.59	9	0	organochlorine compound; phenothiazines; tertiary amine	anticoronaviral agent; antiemetic; dopaminergic antagonist; EC 3.4.21.26 (prolyl oligopeptidase) inhibitor; phenothiazine antipsychotic drug
chlorpropamide Chlorpropamide: A sulfonylurea hypoglycemic agent used in the treatment of non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus not responding to dietary modification. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p277). chlorpropamide : An N-sulfonylurea that is urea in which a hydrogen attached to one of the nitrogens is substituted by 4-chlorobenzenesulfonyl group and a hydrogen attached to the other nitrogen is substituted by propyl group. Chlorpropamide is a hypoglycaemic agent used in the treatment of type 2 (non-insulin-dependent) diabetes mellitus not responding to dietary modification.	2.05	1	0	monochlorobenzenes; N-sulfonylurea	hypoglycemic agent; insulin secretagogue
chlorpyrifos Chlorpyrifos: An organothiophosphate cholinesterase inhibitor that is used as an insecticide and as an acaricide.. chlorpyrifos : An organic thiophosphate that is O,O-diethyl hydrogen phosphorothioate in which the hydrogen of the hydroxy group has been replaced by a 3,5,6-trichloropyridin-2-yl group.	8.74	9	0	chloropyridine; organic thiophosphate	acaricide; agrochemical; EC 3.1.1.7 (acetylcholinesterase) inhibitor; EC 3.1.1.8 (cholinesterase) inhibitor; environmental contaminant; insecticide; xenobiotic
chlorzoxazone Chlorzoxazone: A centrally acting central muscle relaxant with sedative properties. It is claimed to inhibit muscle spasm by exerting an effect primarily at the level of the spinal cord and subcortical areas of the brain. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoea, 30th ed, p1202). chlorzoxazone : A member of the class of 1,3-benzoxazoles that is 1,3-benzoxazol-2-ol in which the hydrogen atom at position 5 is substituted by chlorine. A centrally acting muscle relaxant with sedative properties, it is used for the symptomatic treatment of painful muscle spasm.	2.05	1	0	1,3-benzoxazoles; heteroaryl hydroxy compound; organochlorine compound	muscle relaxant; sedative
cifenline [no description available]	2.02	1	0	diarylmethane
ciclopirox [no description available]	2.17	1	0	cyclic hydroxamic acid; hydroxypyridone antifungal drug; pyridone	antibacterial agent; antiseborrheic
cilostazol [no description available]	2.41	1	0	lactam; tetrazoles	anticoagulant; bronchodilator agent; EC 3.1.4.17 (3',5'-cyclic-nucleotide phosphodiesterase) inhibitor; fibrin modulating drug; neuroprotective agent; platelet aggregation inhibitor; vasodilator agent
cimetidine Cimetidine: A histamine congener, it competitively inhibits HISTAMINE binding to HISTAMINE H2 RECEPTORS. Cimetidine has a range of pharmacological actions. It inhibits GASTRIC ACID secretion, as well as PEPSIN and GASTRIN output.. cimetidine : A member of the class of guanidines that consists of guanidine carrying a methyl substituent at position 1, a cyano group at position 2 and a 2-{[(5-methyl-1H-imidazol-4-yl)methyl]sulfanyl}ethyl group at position 3. It is a H2-receptor antagonist that inhibits the production of acid in stomach.	2.72	3	0	aliphatic sulfide; guanidines; imidazoles; nitrile	adjuvant; analgesic; anti-ulcer drug; H2-receptor antagonist; P450 inhibitor
cinoxacin Cinoxacin: Synthetic antimicrobial related to OXOLINIC ACID and NALIDIXIC ACID and used in URINARY TRACT INFECTIONS.. cinoxacin : A member of the class of cinnolines that is 6,7-methylenedioxycinnolin-4(1H)-one bearing an ethyl group at position 1 and a carboxylic acid group at position 3. An analogue of oxolinic acid, it has similar antibacterial actions. It was formerly used for the treatment of urinary tract infections.	2.05	1	0	cinnolines; oxacycle; oxo carboxylic acid	antibacterial drug; antiinfective agent
ciprofibrate [no description available]	2.05	1	0	cyclopropanes; monocarboxylic acid; organochlorine compound	antilipemic drug
ciprofloxacin Ciprofloxacin: A broad-spectrum antimicrobial carboxyfluoroquinoline.. ciprofloxacin : A quinolone that is quinolin-4(1H)-one bearing cyclopropyl, carboxylic acid, fluoro and piperazin-1-yl substituents at positions 1, 3, 6 and 7, respectively.	3.56	8	0	aminoquinoline; cyclopropanes; fluoroquinolone antibiotic; N-arylpiperazine; quinolinemonocarboxylic acid; quinolone antibiotic; quinolone; zwitterion	antibacterial drug; antiinfective agent; antimicrobial agent; DNA synthesis inhibitor; EC 5.99.1.3 [DNA topoisomerase (ATP-hydrolysing)] inhibitor; environmental contaminant; topoisomerase IV inhibitor; xenobiotic
cirazoline cirazoline: posseses agonist properties at alpha-adrenoreceptor sites; RN given refers to parent cpd	2	1	0	aromatic ether
cisapride Cisapride: A substituted benzamide used for its prokinetic properties. It is used in the management of gastroesophageal reflux disease, functional dyspepsia, and other disorders associated with impaired gastrointestinal motility. (Martindale The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 31st ed). cisapride : The amide resulting from formal condensation of 4-amino-5-chloro-2-methoxybenzoic acid with cis-1-[3-(4-fluorophenoxy)propyl]-3-methoxypiperidin-4-amine. It has been used (as its monohydrate or as its tartrate) for the treatment of gastro-oesophageal reflux disease and for non-ulcer dyspepsia, but its propensity to cause cardiac arrhythmias resulted in its complete withdrawal from many countries, including the U.K., and restrictions on its use elsewhere.	2.71	3	0	benzamides
citalopram Citalopram: A furancarbonitrile that is one of the serotonin uptake inhibitors used as an antidepressant. The drug is also effective in reducing ethanol uptake in alcoholics and is used in depressed patients who also suffer from TARDIVE DYSKINESIA in preference to tricyclic antidepressants, which aggravate dyskinesia.. citalopram : A racemate comprising equimolar amounts of (R)-citalopram and its enantiomer, escitalopram. It is used as an antidepressant, although only escitalopram is active.. 1-[3-(dimethylamino)propyl]-1-(4-fluorophenyl)-1,3-dihydro-2-benzofuran-5-carbonitrile : A nitrile that is 1,3-dihydro-2-benzofuran-5-carbonitrile in which one of the hydrogens at position 1 is replaced by a p-fluorophenyl group, while the other is replaced by a 3-(dimethylamino)propyl group.	7.86	22	2	2-benzofurans; cyclic ether; nitrile; organofluorine compound; tertiary amino compound
clenbuterol Clenbuterol: A substituted phenylaminoethanol that has beta-2 adrenomimetic properties at very low doses. It is used as a bronchodilator in asthma.. clenbuterol : A substituted aniline that is 2,6-dichloroaniline in which the hydrogen at position 4 has been replaced by a 2-(tert-butylamino)-1-hydroxyethyl group.	2.96	4	0	amino alcohol; dichlorobenzene; ethanolamines; primary arylamine; secondary amino compound; substituted aniline	beta-adrenergic agonist; bronchodilator agent; sympathomimetic agent
clioquinol Clioquinol: A potentially neurotoxic 8-hydroxyquinoline derivative long used as a topical anti-infective, intestinal antiamebic, and vaginal trichomonacide. The oral preparation has been shown to cause subacute myelo-optic neuropathy and has been banned worldwide.. 5-chloro-7-iodoquinolin-8-ol : A monohydroxyquinoline that is quinolin-8-ol in which the hydrogens at positions 5 and 7 are replaced by chlorine and iodine, respectively. It has antibacterial and atifungal properties, and is used in creams for the treatment of skin infections. It has also been investigated as a chelator of copper and zinc ions for the possible treatment of Alzheimer's disease.	2.99	4	0	monohydroxyquinoline; organochlorine compound; organoiodine compound	antibacterial agent; antifungal agent; antimicrobial agent; antineoplastic agent; antiprotozoal drug; chelator; copper chelator
clobazam Clobazam: A benzodiazepine derivative that is a long-acting GABA-A RECEPTOR agonist. It is used as an antiepileptic in the treatment of SEIZURES, including seizures associated with LENNOX-GASTAUT SYNDROME. It is also used as an anxiolytic, for the short-term treatment of acute ANXIETY.. clobazam : 7-Chloro-1H-1,5-benzodiazepine-2,4(3H,5H)-dione in which the hydrogen attached to the nitrogen at position 1 is substituted by a methyl group, whilst that attached to the other nitrogen is substituted by a phenyl group. It is used for the short-term management of acute anxiety and as an adjunct in the treatment of epilepsy in association with other antiepileptics.	2.4	2	0	1,4-benzodiazepinone; organochlorine compound	anticonvulsant; anxiolytic drug; GABA modulator
clobenpropit clobenpropit: histamine H3 receptor antagonist. clobenpropit : An imidothiocarbamic ester that consists of isothiourea bearing S-3-(imidazol-4-yl)propyl and N-4-chlorobenzyl substituents. An extremely potent histamine H3 antagonist/inverse agonist (pA2 = 9.93). Also displays partial agonist activity at H4 receptors; induces eosinophil shape change with an EC50 of 3 nM.	2.97	4	0	imidazoles; imidothiocarbamic ester; organochlorine compound	H3-receptor antagonist; H4-receptor agonist
clofazimine Clofazimine: A fat-soluble riminophenazine dye used for the treatment of leprosy. It has been used investigationally in combination with other antimycobacterial drugs to treat Mycobacterium avium infections in AIDS patients. Clofazimine also has a marked anti-inflammatory effect and is given to control the leprosy reaction, erythema nodosum leprosum. (From AMA Drug Evaluations Annual, 1993, p1619). clofazimine : 3-Isopropylimino-3,5-dihydro-phenazine in which the hydrogen at position 5 is substituted substituted by a 4-chlorophenyl group, and that at position 2 is substituted by a (4-chlorophenyl)amino group. A dark red crystalline solid, clofazimine is an antimycobacterial and is one of the main drugs used for the treatment of multi-bacillary leprosy. However, it can cause red/brown discolouration of the skin, so other treatments are often preferred in light-skinned patients.	2.05	1	0	monochlorobenzenes; phenazines	dye; leprostatic drug; non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug
clofibrate angiokapsul: contains clofibrate & insoitolnicotinate	3.88	2	1	aromatic ether; ethyl ester; monochlorobenzenes	anticholesteremic drug; antilipemic drug; geroprotector; PPARalpha agonist
clomiphene [no description available]	2.05	1	0	tertiary amine	estrogen antagonist; estrogen receptor modulator
clomipramine Clomipramine: A tricyclic antidepressant similar to IMIPRAMINE that selectively inhibits the uptake of serotonin in the brain. It is readily absorbed from the gastrointestinal tract and demethylated in the liver to form its primary active metabolite, desmethylclomipramine.. clomipramine : A dibenzoazepine that is 10,11-dihydro-5H-dibenzo[b,f]azepine which is substituted by chlorine at position 3 and in which the hydrogen attached to the nitrogen is replaced by a 3-(dimethylamino)propyl group. One of the more sedating tricyclic antidepressants, it is used as the hydrochloride salt for the treatment of depression as well as obsessive-compulsive disorder and phobias.	4.05	4	0	dibenzoazepine	anticoronaviral agent; antidepressant; EC 1.8.1.12 (trypanothione-disulfide reductase) inhibitor; serotonergic antagonist; serotonergic drug; serotonin uptake inhibitor
clonazepam Clonazepam: An anticonvulsant used for several types of seizures, including myotonic or atonic seizures, photosensitive epilepsy, and absence seizures, although tolerance may develop. It is seldom effective in generalized tonic-clonic or partial seizures. The mechanism of action appears to involve the enhancement of GAMMA-AMINOBUTYRIC ACID receptor responses.. clonazepam : 1,3-Dihydro-2H-1,4-benzodiazepin-2-one in which the hydrogens at positions 5 and 7 are substituted by 2-chlorophenyl and nitro groups, respectively. It is used in the treatment of all types of epilepsy and seizures, as well as myoclonus and associated abnormal movements, and panic disorders. However, its use can be limited by the development of tolerance and by sedation.	5.47	15	1	1,4-benzodiazepinone; monochlorobenzenes	anticonvulsant; anxiolytic drug; GABA modulator
clonidine Clonidine: An imidazoline sympatholytic agent that stimulates ALPHA-2 ADRENERGIC RECEPTORS and central IMIDAZOLINE RECEPTORS. It is commonly used in the management of HYPERTENSION.. clonidine (amino form) : A clonidine that is 4,5-dihydro-1H-imidazol-2-amine in which one of the amino hydrogens is replaced by a 2,6-dichlorophenyl group.	5.06	42	0	clonidine; imidazoline
clotiazepam clotiazepam: was heading 1975-94 (see under AZEPINES 1978-90; was Y 6047 see under AZEPINES 1975-77); Y 6047 was see CLOTIAZEPAM 1978-94; use AZEPINES to search CLOTIAZEPAM 1975-94; thienodiazepine derivative with actions similar to those of benzodiazepines	2.05	1	0	organic molecular entity
clotrimazole [no description available]	2.43	2	0	conazole antifungal drug; imidazole antifungal drug; imidazoles; monochlorobenzenes	antiinfective agent; environmental contaminant; xenobiotic
4-cresol 4-cresol: RN given refers to parent cpd. p-cresol : A cresol that consists of toluene substituted by a hydroxy group at position 4. It is a metabolite of aromatic amino acid metabolism produced by intestinal microflora in humans and animals.	2.47	2	0	cresol	Escherichia coli metabolite; human metabolite; uremic toxin
phenylalanyl-cyclo(cysteinyltyrosyl-tryptophyl-ornithyl-threonyl-penicillamine)threoninamide phenylalanyl-cyclo(cysteinyltyrosyl-tryptophyl-ornithyl-threonyl-penicillamine)threoninamide: cyclic somatostatin octapeptide analog with high affinity & selectivity toward mu opioid receptors	2.42	2	0
cx546 1-(1,4-benzodioxan-6-ylcarbonyl)piperidine: structure in first source	3.55	8	0
cyclandelate Cyclandelate: A direct-acting SMOOTH MUSCLE relaxant used to dilate BLOOD VESSELS.. cyclandelate : The ester obtained by formal condensation of mandelic acid and 3,3,5-tricyclohexanol. It is a direct-acting smooth muscle relaxant used to dilate blood vessels.	2.05	1	0	carboxylic ester; secondary alcohol	vasodilator agent
cyclocreatine cyclocreatine: structure given in first source	2.39	2	0
cycloleucine Cycloleucine: An amino acid formed by cyclization of leucine. It has cytostatic, immunosuppressive and antineoplastic activities.. 1-aminocyclopentanecarboxylic acid : A non-proteinogenic alpha-amino acid that is cyclopentane substituted at position 1 by amino and carboxy groups.	8.65	208	0	non-proteinogenic alpha-amino acid	EC 2.5.1.6 (methionine adenosyltransferase) inhibitor
cyclothiazide cyclothiazide: inhibits the desensitization of AMPA-type receptors; structure. cyclothiazide : 3,4-Dihydro-2H-1,2,4-benzothiadiazine 1,1-dioxide substituted at positions 3, 5 and 6 by a 2-norbornen-5-yl group, chlorine, and a sulfonamide group, respectively. A thiazide diuretic, it has been used in the management of hypertension and oedema.	5.99	106	0	benzothiadiazine	antihypertensive agent; diuretic
cypermethrin cypermethrin : A carboxylic ester resulting from the formal condensation between 3-(2,2-dichlorovinyl)-2,2-dimethylcyclopropanecarboxylic acid and the alcoholic hydroxy group of hydroxy(3-phenoxyphenyl)acetonitrile.. zeta-cypermethrin : A diastereoisomeric mixture comprising the isomeric pair (1R)-cis-(alphaS)- and (1S)-trans-(alphaR)-cypermethrin together with the isomeric pair (1S)-cis-(alphaS)- and (1S)-trans-(alphaS)-cypermethrin where the ratio between the isomeric pairs lies in the range 45:55 to 55:45.	2.93	4	0	aromatic ether; cyclopropanecarboxylate ester; nitrile; organochlorine compound	agrochemical; molluscicide; pyrethroid ester acaricide; pyrethroid ester insecticide
cyproheptadine Cyproheptadine: A serotonin antagonist and a histamine H1 blocker used as antipruritic, appetite stimulant, antiallergic, and for the post-gastrectomy dumping syndrome, etc.. cyproheptadine : The product resulting from the formal oxidative coupling of position 5 of 5H-dibenzo[a,d]cycloheptene with position 4 of 1-methylpiperidine resulting in the formation of a double bond between the two fragments. It is a sedating antihistamine with antimuscarinic and calcium-channel blocking actions. It is used (particularly as the hydrochloride sesquihydrate) for the relief of allergic conditions including rhinitis, conjunctivitis due to inhalant allergens and foods, urticaria and angioedema, and in pruritic skin disorders. Unlike other antihistamines, it is also a seratonin receptor antagonist, making it useful in conditions such as vascular headache and anorexia.	2.44	2	0	piperidines; tertiary amine	anti-allergic agent; antipruritic drug; gastrointestinal drug; H1-receptor antagonist; serotonergic antagonist
cystamine [no description available]	2.42	2	0	organic disulfide; primary amino compound	EC 2.3.2.13 (protein-glutamine gamma-glutamyltransferase) inhibitor
2-amino-6-phosphonohexanoic acid 2-amino-6-phosphonohexanoic acid: RN given refers to DL-isomer	2.66	3	0
danthron danthron: structure. chrysazin : A dihydroxyanthraquinone that is anthracene-9,10-dione substituted by hydroxy groups at positions 1 and 8.	2.05	1	0	dihydroxyanthraquinone	apoptosis inducer; plant metabolite
dantrolene Dantrolene: Skeletal muscle relaxant that acts by interfering with excitation-contraction coupling in the muscle fiber. It is used in spasticity and other neuromuscular abnormalities. Although the mechanism of action is probably not central, dantrolene is usually grouped with the central muscle relaxants.. dantrolene : The hydrazone resulting from the formal condensation of 5-(4-nitrophenyl)furfural with 1-aminohydantoin. A ryanodine receptor antagonist used for the relief of chronic severe spasticity and malignant hyperthermia.	4.4	21	0	hydrazone; imidazolidine-2,4-dione	muscle relaxant; neuroprotective agent; ryanodine receptor antagonist
dapi DAPI: RN given refers to parent cpd.	4.17	16	0	indoles	fluorochrome
dapsone [no description available]	2.52	2	0	substituted aniline; sulfone	anti-inflammatory drug; antiinfective agent; antimalarial; leprostatic drug
decanoic acid decanoate : A fatty acid anion 10:0 that is the conjugate base of decanoic acid.. decanoic acid : A C10, straight-chain saturated fatty acid.	2.07	1	0	medium-chain fatty acid; straight-chain saturated fatty acid	algal metabolite; anti-inflammatory agent; antibacterial agent; human metabolite; plant metabolite; volatile oil component
2,3-dimethoxy-5-methyl-6-decyl-1,4-benzoquinone 2,3-dimethoxy-5-methyl-6-decyl-1,4-benzoquinone: ubiquinol analog. 6-decylubiquinone : A member of the class of 1,4-benzoquinones that is 2,3-dimethoxybenzoquinone which has been substituted at positions 5 and 6 by decyl and methyl groups.	2.04	1	0	1,4-benzoquinones	cofactor
deferoxamine Deferoxamine: Natural product isolated from Streptomyces pilosus. It forms iron complexes and is used as a chelating agent, particularly in the mesylate form.. desferrioxamine B : An acyclic desferrioxamine that is butanedioic acid in which one of the carboxy groups undergoes formal condensation with the primary amino group of N-(5-aminopentyl)-N-hydroxyacetamide and the second carboxy group undergoes formal condensation with the hydroxyamino group of N(1)-(5-aminopentyl)-N(1)-hydroxy-N(4)-[5-(hydroxyamino)pentyl]butanediamide. It is a siderophore native to Streptomyces pilosus biosynthesised by the DesABCD enzyme cluster as a high affinity Fe(III) chelator.	4.97	14	0	acyclic desferrioxamine	bacterial metabolite; ferroptosis inhibitor; iron chelator; siderophore
desipramine Desipramine: A tricyclic dibenzazepine compound that potentiates neurotransmission. Desipramine selectively blocks reuptake of norepinephrine from the neural synapse, and also appears to impair serotonin transport. This compound also possesses minor anticholinergic activity, through its affinity to muscarinic receptors.. desipramine : A dibenzoazepine consisting of 10,11-dihydro-5H-dibenzo[b,f]azepine substituted on nitrogen with a 3-(methylamino)propyl group.	3.94	13	0	dibenzoazepine; secondary amino compound	adrenergic uptake inhibitor; alpha-adrenergic antagonist; antidepressant; cholinergic antagonist; drug allergen; EC 3.1.4.12 (sphingomyelin phosphodiesterase) inhibitor; EC 3.4.21.26 (prolyl oligopeptidase) inhibitor; H1-receptor antagonist; serotonin uptake inhibitor
amphetamine Amphetamine: A powerful central nervous system stimulant and sympathomimetic. Amphetamine has multiple mechanisms of action including blocking uptake of adrenergics and dopamine, stimulation of release of monamines, and inhibiting monoamine oxidase. Amphetamine is also a drug of abuse and a psychotomimetic. The l- and the d,l-forms are included here. The l-form has less central nervous system activity but stronger cardiovascular effects. The d-form is DEXTROAMPHETAMINE.. 1-phenylpropan-2-amine : A primary amine that is isopropylamine in which a hydrogen attached to one of the methyl groups has been replaced by a phenyl group.. amphetamine : A racemate comprising equimolar amounts of (R)-amphetamine (also known as levamphetamine or levoamphetamine) and (S)-amphetamine (also known as dexamfetamine or dextroamphetamine.	10.27	107	0	primary amine
eflornithine Eflornithine: An inhibitor of ORNITHINE DECARBOXYLASE, the rate limiting enzyme of the polyamine biosynthetic pathway.. eflornithine : A fluoroamino acid that is ornithine substituted by a difluoromethyl group at position 2.	2.92	4	0	alpha-amino acid; fluoroamino acid	trypanocidal drug
diazepam Diazepam: A benzodiazepine with anticonvulsant, anxiolytic, sedative, muscle relaxant, and amnesic properties and a long duration of action. Its actions are mediated by enhancement of GAMMA-AMINOBUTYRIC ACID activity.. diazepam : A 1,4-benzodiazepinone that is 1,3-dihydro-2H-1,4-benzodiazepin-2-one substituted by a chloro group at position 7, a methyl group at position 1 and a phenyl group at position 5.	6.53	60	0	1,4-benzodiazepinone; organochlorine compound	anticonvulsant; anxiolytic drug; environmental contaminant; sedative; xenobiotic
diazinon Diazinon: A cholinesterase inhibitor that is used as an organothiophosphorus insecticide.. diazinon : A member of the class of pyrimidines that is pyrimidine carrying an isopropyl group at position 2, a methyl group at position 6 and a (diethoxyphosphorothioyl)oxy group at position 4.	2.05	1	0	organic thiophosphate; pyrimidines	acaricide; agrochemical; EC 3.1.1.7 (acetylcholinesterase) inhibitor; EC 3.1.1.8 (cholinesterase) inhibitor; environmental contaminant; nematicide; xenobiotic
diazoxide Diazoxide: A benzothiadiazine derivative that is a peripheral vasodilator used for hypertensive emergencies. It lacks diuretic effect, apparently because it lacks a sulfonamide group.. diazoxide : A benzothiadiazine that is the S,S-dioxide of 2H-1,2,4-benzothiadiazine which is substituted at position 3 by a methyl group and at position 7 by chlorine. A peripheral vasodilator, it increases the concentration of glucose in the plasma and inhibits the secretion of insulin by the beta- cells of the pancreas. It is used orally in the management of intractable hypoglycaemia and intravenously in the management of hypertensive emergencies.	5.64	18	1	benzothiadiazine; organochlorine compound; sulfone	antihypertensive agent; beta-adrenergic agonist; bronchodilator agent; cardiotonic drug; diuretic; K-ATP channel agonist; sodium channel blocker; sympathomimetic agent; vasodilator agent
dibucaine Dibucaine: A local anesthetic of the amide type now generally used for surface anesthesia. It is one of the most potent and toxic of the long-acting local anesthetics and its parenteral use is restricted to spinal anesthesia. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p1006). cinchocaine : A monocarboxylic acid amide that is the 2-(diethylamino)ethyl amide of 2-butoxyquinoline-4-carboxylic acid. One of the most potent and toxic of the long-acting local anesthetics, its parenteral use was restricted to spinal anesthesia. It is now generally only used (usually as the hydrochloride) in creams and ointments and in suppositories for temporary relief of pain and itching associated with skin and anorectal conditions.	2.93	4	0	aromatic ether; monocarboxylic acid amide; tertiary amino compound	topical anaesthetic
dicamba Dicamba: A chlorinated organic herbicide.. dicamba : A methoxybenzoic acid that is O-methylsalicylic acid substituted by chloro groups at positions 3 and 6.	2.17	1	0	dichlorobenzene; methoxybenzoic acid	agrochemical; environmental contaminant; herbicide; synthetic auxin; xenobiotic
diclofenac Diclofenac: A non-steroidal anti-inflammatory agent (NSAID) with antipyretic and analgesic actions. It is primarily available as the sodium salt.. diclofenac : A monocarboxylic acid consisting of phenylacetic acid having a (2,6-dichlorophenyl)amino group at the 2-position.	2.94	4	0	amino acid; aromatic amine; dichlorobenzene; monocarboxylic acid; secondary amino compound	antipyretic; drug allergen; EC 1.14.99.1 (prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase) inhibitor; environmental contaminant; non-narcotic analgesic; non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug; xenobiotic
ddt 1,1-bis(p-chlorophenyl)-2,2,2-trichloroethane: structure in first source	2.9	4	0	benzenoid aromatic compound; chlorophenylethane; monochlorobenzenes; organochlorine insecticide	bridged diphenyl acaricide; carcinogenic agent; endocrine disruptor; persistent organic pollutant
dichlorophen Dichlorophen: Nontoxic laxative vermicide effective for taenia infestation. It tends to produce colic and nausea. It is also used as a veterinary fungicide, anthelmintic, and antiprotozoan. (From Merck, 11th ed.)	2.17	1	0	bridged diphenyl fungicide; diarylmethane
dicyclomine Dicyclomine: A muscarinic antagonist used as an antispasmodic and in urinary incontinence. It has little effect on glandular secretion or the cardiovascular system. It does have some local anesthetic properties and is used in gastrointestinal, biliary, and urinary tract spasms.. dicyclomine : The ester resulting from the formal condensation of 1-cyclohexylcyclohexanecarboxylic acid with 2-(diethylamino)ethanol. An anticholinergic, it is used as the hydrochloride to treat or prevent spasm in the muscles of the gastrointestinal tract, particularly that associated with irritable bowel syndrome.	2.04	1	0	carboxylic ester; tertiary amine	antispasmodic drug; muscarinic antagonist; parasympatholytic
diethyl pyrocarbonate Diethyl Pyrocarbonate: Preservative for wines, soft drinks, and fruit juices and a gentle esterifying agent.. diethyl pyrocarbonate : The diethyl ester of dicarbonic acid.	3.87	12	0	acyclic carboxylic anhydride
pentetic acid Pentetic Acid: An iron chelating agent with properties like EDETIC ACID. DTPA has also been used as a chelator for other metals, such as plutonium.	3.65	9	0	pentacarboxylic acid	copper chelator
diphenidol diphenidol: shows anti-arrhythmic activity; RN given refers to unlabeled parent cpd. diphenidol : A tertiary alcohol that is butan-1-ol substituted by two phenyl groups at position 1 and a piperidin-1-yl group at position 4.	2.42	2	0	benzenes; piperidines; tertiary alcohol	antiemetic
diflunisal Diflunisal: A salicylate derivative and anti-inflammatory analgesic with actions and side effects similar to those of ASPIRIN.. diflunisal : An organofluorine compound comprising salicylic acid having a 2,4-difluorophenyl group at the 5-position.	2.4	2	0	monohydroxybenzoic acid; organofluorine compound	non-narcotic analgesic; non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug
dimercaprol Dimercaprol: An anti-gas warfare agent that is effective against Lewisite (dichloro(2-chlorovinyl)arsine) and formerly known as British Anti-Lewisite or BAL. It acts as a chelating agent and is used in the treatment of arsenic, gold, and other heavy metal poisoning.. dimercaprol : A dithiol that is propane-1,2-dithiol in which one of the methyl hydrogens is replaced by a hydroxy group. a chelating agent originally developed during World War II as an experimental antidote against the arsenic-based poison gas Lewisite, it has been used clinically since 1949 for the treatment of poisoning by arsenic, mercury and gold. It can also be used for treatment of poisoning by antimony, bismuth and possibly thallium, and (with sodium calcium edetate) in cases of acute leaad poisoning. Administration is by (painful) intramuscular injection of a suspension of dimercaprol in peanut oil, typically every 4 hours for 2-10 days depending on the toxicity. In the past, dimercaprol was also used for the treatment of Wilson's disease, a severely debilitating genetic disorder in which the body tends to retain copper, with resultant liver and brain injury.	2.93	4	0	dithiol; primary alcohol	chelator
dimethoate Dimethoate: An organothiophosphorus cholinesterase inhibitor that is used as a systemic and contact insecticide.. dimethoate : A monocarboxylic acid amide that is N-methylacetamide in which one of the hydrogens of the methyl group attached to the carbonyl moiety is replaced by a (dimethoxyphosphorothioyl)sulfanediyl group.	2.03	1	0	monocarboxylic acid amide; organic thiophosphate	acaricide; agrochemical; EC 3.1.1.7 (acetylcholinesterase) inhibitor; EC 3.1.1.8 (cholinesterase) inhibitor; environmental contaminant; insecticide; xenobiotic
dm-nitrophen DM-nitrophen: photolabile chelator for the rapid photorelease of divalent cations; also called caged calcium (liberates Ca2+ photolytically)	2.48	2	0
diphenhydramine Diphenhydramine: A histamine H1 antagonist used as an antiemetic, antitussive, for dermatoses and pruritus, for hypersensitivity reactions, as a hypnotic, an antiparkinson, and as an ingredient in common cold preparations. It has some undesired antimuscarinic and sedative effects.. diphenhydramine : An ether that is the benzhydryl ether of 2-(dimethylamino)ethanol. It is a H1-receptor antagonist used as a antipruritic and antitussive drug.. antitussive : An agent that suppresses cough. Antitussives have a central or a peripheral action on the cough reflex, or a combination of both. Compare with expectorants, which are considered to increase the volume of secretions in the respiratory tract, so facilitating their removal by ciliary action and coughing, and mucolytics, which decrease the viscosity of mucus, facilitating its removal by ciliary action and expectoration.	3.09	5	0	ether; tertiary amino compound	anti-allergic agent; antidyskinesia agent; antiemetic; antiparkinson drug; antipruritic drug; antitussive; H1-receptor antagonist; local anaesthetic; muscarinic antagonist; oneirogen; sedative
diphenyleneiodonium diphenyleneiodonium: structure in first source; NADPH oxidase inhibitor. dibenziodolium : An organic cation that is fluorene in which the methylene group is replaced by a positively charged iodine.	3.65	3	0	organic cation
dipivefrin dipivefrin: used in treatment of both primary & open angle glaucoma; RN given refers to (+-)-isomer. dipivefrin : The dipivalate ester of (+-)-epinephrine (racepinephrine). A pro-drug of epinephrine, the hydrochloride is used topically as eye drops to reduce intra-ocular pressure in the treatment of open-angle glaucoma or ocular hypertension.	2.01	1	0	ethanolamines; pivalate ester	adrenergic agonist; antiglaucoma drug; ophthalmology drug; prodrug; sympathomimetic agent
dipyridamole Dipyridamole: A phosphodiesterase inhibitor that blocks uptake and metabolism of adenosine by erythrocytes and vascular endothelial cells. Dipyridamole also potentiates the antiaggregating action of prostacyclin. (From AMA Drug Evaluations Annual, 1994, p752). dipyridamole : A pyrimidopyrimidine that is 2,2',2'',2'''-(pyrimido[5,4-d]pyrimidine-2,6-diyldinitrilo)tetraethanol substituted by piperidin-1-yl groups at positions 4 and 8 respectively. A vasodilator agent, it inhibits the formation of blood clots.	4.99	9	1	piperidines; pyrimidopyrimidine; tertiary amino compound; tetrol	adenosine phosphodiesterase inhibitor; EC 3.5.4.4 (adenosine deaminase) inhibitor; platelet aggregation inhibitor; vasodilator agent
disopyramide Disopyramide: A class I anti-arrhythmic agent (one that interferes directly with the depolarization of the cardiac membrane and thus serves as a membrane-stabilizing agent) with a depressant action on the heart similar to that of guanidine. It also possesses some anticholinergic and local anesthetic properties.. disopyramide : A monocarboxylic acid amide that is butanamide substituted by a diisopropylamino group at position 4, a phenyl group at position 2 and a pyridin-2-yl group at position 2. It is used as a anti-arrhythmia drug.	2.05	1	0	monocarboxylic acid amide; pyridines; tertiary amino compound	anti-arrhythmia drug
disulfiram [no description available]	5.47	8	0	organic disulfide; organosulfur acaricide	angiogenesis inhibitor; antineoplastic agent; apoptosis inducer; EC 1.2.1.3 [aldehyde dehydrogenase (NAD(+))] inhibitor; EC 3.1.1.1 (carboxylesterase) inhibitor; EC 3.1.1.8 (cholinesterase) inhibitor; EC 5.99.1.2 (DNA topoisomerase) inhibitor; ferroptosis inducer; fungicide; NF-kappaB inhibitor
diuron Diuron: A pre-emergent herbicide.. diuron : A member of the class of 3-(3,4-substituted-phenyl)-1,1-dimethylureas that is urea in which both of the hydrogens attached to one nitrogen are substituted by methyl groups, and one of the hydrogens attached to the other nitrogen is substituted by a 3,4-dichlorophenyl group.	1.99	1	0	3-(3,4-substituted-phenyl)-1,1-dimethylurea; dichlorobenzene	environmental contaminant; mitochondrial respiratory-chain inhibitor; photosystem-II inhibitor; urea herbicide; xenobiotic
valproic acid Valproic Acid: A fatty acid with anticonvulsant and anti-manic properties that is used in the treatment of EPILEPSY and BIPOLAR DISORDER. The mechanisms of its therapeutic actions are not well understood. It may act by increasing GAMMA-AMINOBUTYRIC ACID levels in the brain or by altering the properties of VOLTAGE-GATED SODIUM CHANNELS.. valproic acid : A branched-chain saturated fatty acid that comprises of a propyl substituent on a pentanoic acid stem.	16.82	81	5	branched-chain fatty acid; branched-chain saturated fatty acid	anticonvulsant; antimanic drug; EC 3.5.1.98 (histone deacetylase) inhibitor; GABA agent; neuroprotective agent; psychotropic drug; teratogenic agent
2-amino-7-phosphonoheptanoic acid 2-amino-7-phosphonoheptanoic acid: (D)-isomer active as an antagonist of N-methyl-D-aspartate excitation of central neurons; (L)-isomer inactive; RN given refers to cpd without isomeric designation	6.3	49	0
racemetirosine alpha-Methyltyrosine: An inhibitor of the enzyme TYROSINE 3-MONOOXYGENASE, and consequently of the synthesis of catecholamines. It is used to control the symptoms of excessive sympathetic stimulation in patients with PHEOCHROMOCYTOMA. (Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed)	3.6	9	0
1-phenyl-2-palmitoylamino-3-morpholino-1-propanol 1-phenyl-2-palmitoylamino-3-morpholino-1-propanol: a sphingolipid analog; inhibits the enzyme activity in infected erythrocytes. N-[1-hydroxy-3-(morpholin-4-yl)-1-phenylpropan-2-yl]hexadecanamide : A fatty amide resulting from the formal condensation of palmitic acid with the primary amino group of 2-amino-3-(morpholin-4-yl)-1-phenylpropan-1-ol.	2.4	2	0	benzyl alcohols; fatty amide; morpholines; secondary alcohol; tertiary amino compound
thiorphan Thiorphan: A potent inhibitor of membrane metalloendopeptidase (ENKEPHALINASE). Thiorphan potentiates morphine-induced ANALGESIA and attenuates naloxone-precipitated withdrawal symptoms.	2.93	4	0	N-acyl-amino acid
2,3-dimethoxy-1,4-naphthoquinone 2,3-dimethoxynaphthalene-1,4-dione : A naphthoquinone that is 1,4-naphthoquinone bearing two methoxy substituents at positions 2 and 3. Redox-cycling agent that induces intracellular superoxide anion formation and, depending on the concentration, induces cell proliferation, apoptosis or necrosis. Used to study the role of ROS in cell toxicity, apoptosis, and necrosis.	2.02	1	0	1,4-naphthoquinones
domperidone Domperidone: A specific blocker of dopamine receptors. It speeds gastrointestinal peristalsis, causes prolactin release, and is used as antiemetic and tool in the study of dopaminergic mechanisms.. domperidone : 1-[3-(Piperidin-1-yl)propyl]-1,3-dihydro-2H-benzimidazol-2-one in which the 4-position of the piperidine ring is substituted by a 5-chloro-1,3-dihydro-2H-benzimidazol-2-on-1-yl group. A dopamine antagonist, it is used as an antiemetic for the short-term treatment of nausea and vomiting, and to control gastrointestinal effects of dopaminergic drugs given in the management of parkinsonism. The free base is used in oral suspensions, while the maleate salt is used in tablet preparations.	2.67	3	0	benzimidazoles; heteroarylpiperidine	antiemetic; dopaminergic antagonist
donepezil Donepezil: An indan and piperidine derivative that acts as a selective and reversible inhibitor of ACETYLCHOLINESTERASE. Donepezil is highly selective for the central nervous system and is used in the management of mild to moderate DEMENTIA in ALZHEIMER DISEASE.. donepezil : A racemate comprising equimolar amounts of (R)- and (S)-donepezil. A centrally acting reversible acetylcholinesterase inhibitor, its main therapeutic use is in the treatment of Alzheimer's disease where it is used to increase cortical acetylcholine.. 2-[(1-benzylpiperidin-4-yl)methyl]-5,6-dimethoxyindan-1-one : A member of the class of indanones that is 5,6-dimethoxyindan-1-one which is substituted at position 2 by an (N-benzylpiperidin-4-yl)methyl group.	6.55	19	0	aromatic ether; indanones; piperidines; racemate	EC 3.1.1.7 (acetylcholinesterase) inhibitor; EC 3.1.1.8 (cholinesterase) inhibitor; nootropic agent
doxapram Doxapram: A central respiratory stimulant with a brief duration of action. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmocopoeia, 30th ed, p1225). doxapram : A member of the class of pyrrolidin-2-ones that is N-ethylpyrrolidin-2-one in which both of the hydrogens at the 3 position (adjacent to the carbonyl group) are substituted by phenyl groups, and one of the hydrogens at the 4 position is substituted by a 2-(morpholin-4-yl)ethyl group. A central and respiratory stimulant with a brief duration of action, it is used (generally as the hydrochloride or the hydrochloride hydrate) as a temporary treatment of acute respiratory failure, particularly when superimposed on chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, and of postoperative respiratory depression. It has also been used for treatment of postoperative shivering.	1.98	1	0	morpholines; pyrrolidin-2-ones	central nervous system stimulant
doxepin Doxepin: A dibenzoxepin tricyclic compound. It displays a range of pharmacological actions including maintaining adrenergic innervation. Its mechanism of action is not fully understood, but it appears to block reuptake of monoaminergic neurotransmitters into presynaptic terminals. It also possesses anticholinergic activity and modulates antagonism of histamine H(1)- and H(2)-receptors.. doxepin : A dibenzooxepine that is 6,11-dihydrodibenzo[b,e]oxepine substituted by a 3-(dimethylamino)propylidene group at position 11. It is used as an antidepressant drug.	2.74	3	0	dibenzooxepine; tertiary amino compound	antidepressant
droperidol Droperidol: A butyrophenone with general properties similar to those of HALOPERIDOL. It is used in conjunction with an opioid analgesic such as FENTANYL to maintain the patient in a calm state of neuroleptanalgesia with indifference to surroundings but still able to cooperate with the surgeon. It is also used as a premedicant, as an antiemetic, and for the control of agitation in acute psychoses. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 29th ed, p593). droperidol : An organofluorine compound that is haloperidol in which the hydroxy group has been eliminated with the introduction of a double bond in the piperidine ring, and the 4-chlorophenyl group has been replaced by a benzimidazol-2-on-1-yl group. It is used in the management of chemotherapy-induced nausea and vomiting, and in conjunction with an opioid analgesic such as fentanyl to maintain the patient in a calm state of neuroleptanalgesia with indifference to surroundings but still able to cooperate with the surgeon.	2.44	2	0	aromatic ketone; benzimidazoles; organofluorine compound	anaesthesia adjuvant; antiemetic; dopaminergic antagonist; first generation antipsychotic
dsp 4 DSP 4: RN given refers to parent cpd	3.81	3	0
e 4031 E 4031: class III anti-arrhythmia agent; structure given in UD	2.02	1	0	sulfonamide
ebselen ebselen : A benzoselenazole that is 1,2-benzoselenazol-3-one carrying an additional phenyl substituent at position 2. Acts as a mimic of glutathione peroxidase.	9.19	21	2	benzoselenazole	anti-inflammatory drug; antibacterial agent; anticoronaviral agent; antifungal agent; antineoplastic agent; antioxidant; apoptosis inducer; EC 1.13.11.33 (arachidonate 15-lipoxygenase) inhibitor; EC 1.13.11.34 (arachidonate 5-lipoxygenase) inhibitor; EC 1.3.1.8 [acyl-CoA dehydrogenase (NADP(+))] inhibitor; EC 1.8.1.12 (trypanothione-disulfide reductase) inhibitor; EC 2.5.1.7 (UDP-N-acetylglucosamine 1-carboxyvinyltransferase) inhibitor; EC 2.7.10.1 (receptor protein-tyrosine kinase) inhibitor; EC 3.1.3.25 (inositol-phosphate phosphatase) inhibitor; EC 3.4.22.69 (SARS coronavirus main proteinase) inhibitor; EC 3.5.4.1 (cytosine deaminase) inhibitor; EC 5.1.3.2 (UDP-glucose 4-epimerase) inhibitor; enzyme mimic; ferroptosis inhibitor; genotoxin; hepatoprotective agent; neuroprotective agent; radical scavenger
econazole Econazole: An imidazole derivative that is commonly used as a topical antifungal agent.. econazole : A racemate composed of equimolar amounts of (R)- and (S)-econazole. Used (as its nitrate salt) to treat skin infections such as athlete's foot, jock itch, ringworm and other fungal skin infections.. 1-{2-(4-chlorobenzyloxy)-2-(2,4-dichlorophenyl)ethyl}imidazole : A member of the class of imidazoles that is 1-(2,4-dichlorophenyl)-2-(imidazol-1-yl)ethanol in which the hydroxyl hydrogen is replaced by a 4-chlorobenzyl group.	7.52	2	0	dichlorobenzene; ether; imidazoles; monochlorobenzenes
9-(2-hydroxy-3-nonyl)adenine 9-(2-hydroxy-3-nonyl)adenine: specific inhibitor of adenosine deaminase	2.02	1	0
emodin Emodin: Purgative anthraquinone found in several plants, especially RHAMNUS PURSHIANA. It was formerly used as a laxative, but is now used mainly as a tool in toxicity studies.. emodin : A trihydroxyanthraquinone that is 9,10-anthraquinone which is substituted by hydroxy groups at positions 1, 3, and 8 and by a methyl group at position 6. It is present in the roots and barks of numerous plants (particularly rhubarb and buckthorn), moulds, and lichens. It is an active ingredient of various Chinese herbs.	2.47	2	0	trihydroxyanthraquinone	antineoplastic agent; laxative; plant metabolite; tyrosine kinase inhibitor
endothall endothall: minor descriptor (72-82); online & Index Medicus search DICARBOXYLIC ACIDS (72-82)	2.04	1	0
enflurane Enflurane: An extremely stable inhalation anesthetic that allows rapid adjustments of anesthesia depth with little change in pulse or respiratory rate.. enflurane : An ether in which the oxygen atom is connected to 2-chloro-1,1,2-trifluoroethyl and difluoromethyl groups.	3.79	11	0	ether; organochlorine compound; organofluorine compound	anaesthetic
enoxacin Enoxacin: A broad-spectrum 6-fluoronaphthyridinone antibacterial agent that is structurally related to NALIDIXIC ACID.. enoxacin : A 1,8-naphthyridine derivative that is 1,4-dihydro-1,8-naphthyridine with an ethyl group at the 1 position, a carboxy group at the 3-position, an oxo sustituent at the 4-position, a fluoro substituent at the 5-position and a piperazin-1-yl group at the 7 position. An antibacterial, it is used in the treatment of urinary-tract infections and gonorrhoea.	2.05	1	0	1,8-naphthyridine derivative; amino acid; fluoroquinolone antibiotic; monocarboxylic acid; N-arylpiperazine; quinolone antibiotic	antibacterial drug; DNA synthesis inhibitor
erythrosine Fluoresceins: A family of spiro(isobenzofuran-1(3H),9'-(9H)xanthen)-3-one derivatives. These are used as dyes, as indicators for various metals, and as fluorescent labels in immunoassays.	7.18	62	0
estazolam Estazolam: A benzodiazepine with anticonvulsant, hypnotic, and muscle relaxant properties. It has been shown in some cases to be more potent than DIAZEPAM or NITRAZEPAM.. estazolam : A triazolo[4,3-a][1,4]benzodiazepine having a phenyl group at position 6 and a chloro substituent at position 8. A short-acting benzodiazepine with general properties similar to diazepam, it is given by mouth as a hypnotic in the short-term management of insomnia.	2.05	1	0	triazoles; triazolobenzodiazepine	anticonvulsant; anxiolytic drug; GABA modulator
ethacrynic acid Ethacrynic Acid: A compound that inhibits symport of sodium, potassium, and chloride primarily in the ascending limb of Henle, but also in the proximal and distal tubules. This pharmacological action results in excretion of these ions, increased urinary output, and reduction in extracellular fluid. This compound has been classified as a loop or high ceiling diuretic.. etacrynic acid : An aromatic ether that is phenoxyacetic acid in which the phenyl ring is substituted by chlorines at positions 2 and 3, and by a 2-methylidenebutanoyl group at position 4. It is a loop diuretic used to treat high blood pressure resulting from diseases such as congestive heart failure, liver failure, and kidney failure. It is also a glutathione S-transferase (EC 2.5.1.18) inhibitor.	2.91	4	0	aromatic ether; aromatic ketone; dichlorobenzene; monocarboxylic acid	EC 2.5.1.18 (glutathione transferase) inhibitor; ion transport inhibitor; loop diuretic
ether Ether: A mobile, very volatile, highly flammable liquid used as an inhalation anesthetic and as a solvent for waxes, fats, oils, perfumes, alkaloids, and gums. It is mildly irritating to skin and mucous membranes.. ether : An organooxygen compound with formula ROR, where R is not hydrogen.. diethyl ether : An ether in which the oxygen atom is linked to two ethyl groups.	2.39	2	0	ether; volatile organic compound	inhalation anaesthetic; non-polar solvent; refrigerant
ethosuximide Ethosuximide: An anticonvulsant especially useful in the treatment of absence seizures unaccompanied by other types of seizures.. ethosuximide : A dicarboximide that is pyrrolidine-2,5-dione in which the hydrogens at position 3 are substituted by one methyl and one ethyl group. An antiepileptic, it is used in the treatment of absence seizures and may be used for myoclonic seizures, but is ineffective against tonic-clonic seizures.	2.94	4	0	dicarboximide; pyrrolidinone	anticonvulsant; geroprotector; T-type calcium channel blocker
ethoxzolamide Ethoxzolamide: A carbonic anhydrase inhibitor used as diuretic and in glaucoma. It may cause hypokalemia.. ethoxzolamide : A sulfonamide that is 1,3-benzothiazole-2-sulfonamide which is substituted by an ethoxy group at position 6. A carbonic anhydrase inhibitor, it has been used in the treatment of glaucoma, and as a diuretic.	2.05	1	0	aromatic ether; benzothiazoles; sulfonamide	antiglaucoma drug; diuretic; EC 4.2.1.1 (carbonic anhydrase) inhibitor
eicosapentaenoic acid ethyl ester [no description available]	3.81	2	1
etidronate Etidronic Acid: A diphosphonate which affects calcium metabolism. It inhibits ectopic calcification and slows down bone resorption and bone turnover.. etidronic acid : A 1,1-bis(phosphonic acid) that is (ethane-1,1-diyl)bis(phosphonic acid) having a hydroxy substituent at the 1-position. It inhibits the formation, growth, and dissolution of hydroxyapatite crystals by chemisorption to calcium phosphate surfaces.	2.53	2	0	1,1-bis(phosphonic acid)	antineoplastic agent; bone density conservation agent; chelator
etodolac Etodolac: A non-steroidal anti-inflammatory agent and cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) inhibitor with potent analgesic and anti-arthritic properties. It has been shown to be effective in the treatment of OSTEOARTHRITIS; RHEUMATOID ARTHRITIS; ANKYLOSING SPONDYLITIS; and in the alleviation of postoperative pain (PAIN, POSTOPERATIVE).. etodolac : A monocarboxylic acid that is acetic acid in which one of the methyl hydrogens is substituted by a 1,8-diethyl-1,3,4,9-tetrahydropyrano[3,4-b]indol-1-yl moiety. A preferential inhibitor of cyclo-oxygenase 2 and non-steroidal anti-inflammatory, it is used for the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis and osteoarthritis, and for the alleviation of postoperative pain. Administered as the racemate, only the (S)-enantiomer is active.	2.05	1	0	monocarboxylic acid; organic heterotricyclic compound	antipyretic; cyclooxygenase 2 inhibitor; non-narcotic analgesic; non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug
brl 42810 [no description available]	2.05	1	0	2-aminopurines; acetate ester	antiviral drug; prodrug
famotidine Famotidine: A competitive histamine H2-receptor antagonist. Its main pharmacodynamic effect is the inhibition of gastric secretion.	3.81	2	1	1,3-thiazoles; guanidines; sulfonamide	anti-ulcer drug; H2-receptor antagonist; P450 inhibitor
carbonyl cyanide p-trifluoromethoxyphenylhydrazone Carbonyl Cyanide p-Trifluoromethoxyphenylhydrazone: A proton ionophore that is commonly used as an uncoupling agent in biochemical studies.. carbonyl cyanide p-trifluoromethoxyphenylhydrazone : A hydrazone that is hydrazonomalononitrile in which one of the hydrazine hydrogens is substituted by a p-trifluoromethoxyphenyl group.	6.8	60	0	aromatic ether; hydrazone; nitrile; organofluorine compound	ATP synthase inhibitor; geroprotector; ionophore
felbamate Felbamate: A PEGylated phenylcarbamate derivative that acts as an antagonist of NMDA RECEPTORS. It is used as an anticonvulsant, primarily for the treatment of SEIZURES in severe refractory EPILEPSY.. felbamate : The bis(carbamate ester) of 2-phenylpropane-1,3-diol. An anticonvulsant, it is used in the treatment of epilepsy.	5.22	9	0	carbamate ester	anticonvulsant; neuroprotective agent
felodipine Felodipine: A dihydropyridine calcium antagonist with positive inotropic effects. It lowers blood pressure by reducing peripheral vascular resistance through a highly selective action on smooth muscle in arteriolar resistance vessels.. felodipine : The mixed (methyl, ethyl) diester of 4-(2,3-dichlorophenyl)-2,6-dimethyl-1,4-dihydropyridine-3,5-dicarboxylic acid. A calcium-channel blocker, it lowers blood pressure by reducing peripheral vascular resistance through a highly selective action on smooth muscle in arteriolar resistance vessels. It is used in the management of hypertension and angina pectoris.	2.44	2	0	dichlorobenzene; dihydropyridine; ethyl ester; methyl ester	anti-arrhythmia drug; antihypertensive agent; calcium channel blocker; vasodilator agent
fenfluramine Fenfluramine: A centrally active drug that apparently both blocks serotonin uptake and provokes transport-mediated serotonin release.. fenfluramine : A secondary amino compound that is 1-phenyl-propan-2-amine in which one of the meta-hydrogens is substituted by trifluoromethyl, and one of the hydrogens attached to the nitrogen is substituted by an ethyl group. It binds to the serotonin reuptake pump, causing inhbition of serotonin uptake and release of serotonin. The resulting increased levels of serotonin lead to greater serotonin receptor activation which in turn lead to enhancement of serotoninergic transmission in the centres of feeding behavior located in the hypothalamus. This suppresses the appetite for carbohydrates. Fenfluramine was used as the hydrochloride for treatment of diabetes and obesity. It was withdrawn worldwide after reports of heart valve disease and pulmonary hypertension.	3.09	5	0	(trifluoromethyl)benzenes; secondary amino compound	appetite depressant; serotonergic agonist; serotonin uptake inhibitor
fenofibrate Pharmavit: a polyvitamin product, comprising vitamins A, D2, B1, B2, B6, C, E, nicotinamide, & calcium pantothene; may be a promising agent for application to human populations exposed to carcinogenic and genetic hazards of ionizing radiation; RN from CHEMLINE	2.05	1	0	aromatic ether; chlorobenzophenone; isopropyl ester; monochlorobenzenes	antilipemic drug; environmental contaminant; geroprotector; xenobiotic
fenoldopam Fenoldopam: A dopamine D1 receptor agonist that is used as an antihypertensive agent. It lowers blood pressure through arteriolar vasodilation.	3.53	2	0	benzazepine	alpha-adrenergic agonist; antihypertensive agent; dopamine agonist; dopaminergic antagonist; vasodilator agent
fenoprofen Fenoprofen: A propionic acid derivative that is used as a non-steroidal anti-inflammatory agent.. fenoprofen : A monocarboxylic acid that is propanoic acid in which one of the hydrogens at position 2 is substituted by a 3-phenoxyphenyl group. A non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug, the dihydrate form of the calcium salt is used for the management of mild to moderate pain and for the relief of pain and inflammation associated with disorders such as arthritis. It is pharmacologically similar to aspirin, but causes less gastrointestinal bleeding.	2	1	0	monocarboxylic acid	antipyretic; cyclooxygenase 1 inhibitor; cyclooxygenase 2 inhibitor; drug allergen; non-narcotic analgesic; non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug
berotek Fenoterol: A synthetic adrenergic beta-2 agonist that is used as a bronchodilator and tocolytic.. fenoterol : A member of the class resorcinols that is 5-(1-hydroxyethyl)benzene-1,3-diol in which one of the methyl hydrogens is replaced by a 1-(4-hydroxyphenyl)propan-2-amino group. A beta2-adrenergic agonist, it is used (as the hydrobromide salt) as a bronchodilator in the management of reversible airway obstruction.	3.38	1	1	resorcinols; secondary alcohol; secondary amino compound	beta-adrenergic agonist; bronchodilator agent; sympathomimetic agent; tocolytic agent
fentanyl Fentanyl: A potent narcotic analgesic, abuse of which leads to habituation or addiction. It is primarily a mu-opioid agonist. Fentanyl is also used as an adjunct to general anesthetics, and as an anesthetic for induction and maintenance. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p1078). fentanyl : A monocarboxylic acid amide resulting from the formal condensation of the aryl amino group of N-phenyl-1-(2-phenylethyl)piperidin-4-amine with propanoic acid.	5.26	9	0	anilide; monocarboxylic acid amide; piperidines	adjuvant; anaesthesia adjuvant; anaesthetic; intravenous anaesthetic; mu-opioid receptor agonist; opioid analgesic
fipronil fipronil: has low mammalian toxicity; structure given in first source. fipronil : A racemate comprising equimolar amounts of (R)- and (S)-fipronil.. 5-amino-1-[2,6-dichloro-4-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl]-4-[(trifluoromethyl)sulfinyl]-1H-pyrazole-3-carbonitrile : A member of the class of pyrazoles that is 1H-pyrazole that is substituted at positions 1, 3, 4, and 5 by 2,6-dichloro-4-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl, cyano, (trifluoromethyl)sulfinyl, and amino groups, respectively.	3.64	9	0	(trifluoromethyl)benzenes; dichlorobenzene; nitrile; primary amino compound; pyrazoles; sulfoxide
flecainide Flecainide: A potent anti-arrhythmia agent, effective in a wide range of ventricular and atrial ARRHYTHMIAS and TACHYCARDIAS.. flecainide : A monocarboxylic acid amide obtained by formal condensation of the carboxy group of 2,5-bis(2,2,2-trifluoroethoxy)benzoic acid with the primary amino group of piperidin-2-ylmethylamine. An antiarrhythmic agent used (in the form of its acetate salt) to prevent and treat tachyarrhythmia (abnormal fast rhythm of the heart).	2.05	1	0	aromatic ether; monocarboxylic acid amide; organofluorine compound; piperidines	anti-arrhythmia drug
fluconazole Fluconazole: Triazole antifungal agent that is used to treat oropharyngeal CANDIDIASIS and cryptococcal MENINGITIS in AIDS.. fluconazole : A member of the class of triazoles that is propan-2-ol substituted at position 1 and 3 by 1H-1,2,4-triazol-1-yl groups and at position 2 by a 2,4-difluorophenyl group. It is an antifungal drug used for the treatment of mucosal candidiasis and for systemic infections including systemic candidiasis, coccidioidomycosis, and cryptococcosis.	2.05	1	0	conazole antifungal drug; difluorobenzene; tertiary alcohol; triazole antifungal drug	environmental contaminant; P450 inhibitor; xenobiotic
flucytosine Flucytosine: A fluorinated cytosine analog that is used as an antifungal agent.. flucytosine : An organofluorine compound that is cytosine that is substituted at position 5 by a fluorine. A prodrug for the antifungal 5-fluorouracil, it is used for the treatment of systemic fungal infections.	2.47	2	0	aminopyrimidine; nucleoside analogue; organofluorine compound; pyrimidine antifungal drug; pyrimidone	prodrug
flufenamic acid Flufenamic Acid: An anthranilic acid derivative with analgesic, anti-inflammatory, and antipyretic properties. It is used in musculoskeletal and joint disorders and administered by mouth and topically. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p16). flufenamic acid : An aromatic amino acid consisting of anthranilic acid carrying an N-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl substituent. An analgesic and anti-inflammatory, it is used in rheumatic disorders.	3.28	6	0	aromatic amino acid; organofluorine compound	antipyretic; EC 1.14.99.1 (prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase) inhibitor; non-narcotic analgesic; non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug
fluphenazine [no description available]	3.08	5	0	N-alkylpiperazine; organofluorine compound; phenothiazines	anticoronaviral agent; dopaminergic antagonist; phenothiazine antipsychotic drug
flumazenil Flumazenil: A potent benzodiazepine receptor antagonist. Since it reverses the sedative and other actions of benzodiazepines, it has been suggested as an antidote to benzodiazepine overdoses.. flumazenil : An organic heterotricyclic compound that is 5,6-dihydro-4H-imidazo[1,5-a][1,4]benzodiazepine which is substituted at positions 3, 5, 6, and 8 by ethoxycarbonyl, methyl, oxo, and fluoro groups, respectively. It is used as an antidote to benzodiazepine overdose.	7.55	17	2	ethyl ester; imidazobenzodiazepine; organofluorine compound	antidote to benzodiazepine poisoning; GABA antagonist
flunitrazepam Flunitrazepam: A benzodiazepine with pharmacologic actions similar to those of DIAZEPAM that can cause ANTEROGRADE AMNESIA. Some reports indicate that it is used as a date rape drug and suggest that it may precipitate violent behavior. The United States Government has banned the importation of this drug.. flunitrazepam : A 1,4-benzodiazepinone that is nitrazepam substituted by a methyl group at position 1 and by a fluoro group at position 2'. It is a potent hypnotic, sedative, and amnestic drug used to treat chronic insomnia.	4.12	16	0	1,4-benzodiazepinone; C-nitro compound; monofluorobenzenes	anxiolytic drug; GABAA receptor agonist; sedative
fluorouracil Fluorouracil: A pyrimidine analog that is an antineoplastic antimetabolite. It interferes with DNA synthesis by blocking the THYMIDYLATE SYNTHETASE conversion of deoxyuridylic acid to thymidylic acid.. 5-fluorouracil : A nucleobase analogue that is uracil in which the hydrogen at position 5 is replaced by fluorine. It is an antineoplastic agent which acts as an antimetabolite - following conversion to the active deoxynucleotide, it inhibits DNA synthesis (by blocking the conversion of deoxyuridylic acid to thymidylic acid by the cellular enzyme thymidylate synthetase) and so slows tumour growth.	12.05	9	2	nucleobase analogue; organofluorine compound	antimetabolite; antineoplastic agent; environmental contaminant; immunosuppressive agent; radiosensitizing agent; xenobiotic
fluoxetine Fluoxetine: The first highly specific serotonin uptake inhibitor. It is used as an antidepressant and often has a more acceptable side-effects profile than traditional antidepressants.. fluoxetine : A racemate comprising equimolar amounts of (R)- and (S)-fluoxetine. A selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor (SSRI), it is used (generally as the hydrochloride salt) for the treatment of depression (and the depressive phase of bipolar disorder), bullimia nervosa, and obsessive-compulsive disorder.. N-methyl-3-phenyl-3-[4-(trifluoromethyl)phenoxy]propan-1-amine : An aromatic ether consisting of 4-trifluoromethylphenol in which the hydrogen of the phenolic hydroxy group is replaced by a 3-(methylamino)-1-phenylpropyl group.	12.57	40	0	(trifluoromethyl)benzenes; aromatic ether; secondary amino compound
flurazepam Flurazepam: A benzodiazepine derivative used mainly as a hypnotic.. flurazepam : A 1,4-benzodiazepinone that is 1,3-dihydro-2H-1,4-benzodiazepin-2-one substituted by a 2-(diethylamino)ethyl group, 2-fluorophenyl group and chloro group at positions 1, 5 and 7, respectively. It is a partial agonist of GABAA receptors and used for the treatment of insomnia.	3.49	8	0	1,4-benzodiazepinone; monofluorobenzenes; organochlorine compound; tertiary amino compound	anticonvulsant; anxiolytic drug; GABAA receptor agonist; sedative
flurbiprofen Flurbiprofen: An anti-inflammatory analgesic and antipyretic of the phenylalkynoic acid series. It has been shown to reduce bone resorption in periodontal disease by inhibiting CARBONIC ANHYDRASE.. flurbiprofen : A monocarboxylic acid that is a 2-fluoro-[1,1'-biphenyl-4-yl] moiety linked to C-2 of propionic acid. A non-steroidal anti-inflammatory, analgesic and antipyretic, it is used as a pre-operative anti-miotic as well as orally for arthritis or dental pain.	3.44	7	0	fluorobiphenyl; monocarboxylic acid	antipyretic; EC 1.14.99.1 (prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase) inhibitor; non-narcotic analgesic; non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug
fluspirilene Fluspirilene: A long-acting injectable antipsychotic agent used for chronic schizophrenia.	2.01	1	0	diarylmethane
flutamide Flutamide: An antiandrogen with about the same potency as cyproterone in rodent and canine species.	2.7	3	0	(trifluoromethyl)benzenes; monocarboxylic acid amide	androgen antagonist; antineoplastic agent
fomepizole Fomepizole: A pyrazole and competitive inhibitor of ALCOHOL DEHYDROGENASE that is used for the treatment of poisoning by ETHYLENE GLYCOL or METHANOL.. fomepizole : A member of the class of pyrazoles that is 1H-pyrazole substituted by a methyl group at position 4.	2.05	1	0	pyrazoles	antidote; EC 1.1.1.1 (alcohol dehydrogenase) inhibitor; protective agent
foscarnet Foscarnet: An antiviral agent used in the treatment of cytomegalovirus retinitis. Foscarnet also shows activity against human herpesviruses and HIV.. phosphonoformic acid : Phosphoric acid in which one of the hydroxy groups is replaced by a carboxylic acid group. It is used as the trisodium salt as an antiviral agent in the treatment of cytomegalovirus retinitis (CMV retinitis, an inflamation of the retina that can lead to blindness) and as an alternative to ganciclovir for AIDS patients who require concurrent antiretroviral therapy but are unable to tolerate ganciclovir due to haematological toxicity.	2.92	4	0	carboxylic acid; one-carbon compound; phosphonic acids	antiviral drug; geroprotector; HIV-1 reverse transcriptase inhibitor; sodium-dependent Pi-transporter inhibitor
fpl 64176 FPL 64176: an activator of L-type calcium channels; structure given in first source. FPL 64176 : 1H-Pyrrole substituted at C-2 and -5 by methyl groups, at C-3 by methoxycarbonyl and at C-4 by a 2-benzylbenzoyl group.	2.93	4	0	carboxylic ester; pyrroles	calcium channel agonist
furegrelate furegrelate: structure given in UD 35:175:d	2.05	1	0	benzofurans
furosemide Furosemide: A benzoic-sulfonamide-furan. It is a diuretic with fast onset and short duration that is used for EDEMA and chronic RENAL INSUFFICIENCY.. furosemide : A chlorobenzoic acid that is 4-chlorobenzoic acid substituted by a (furan-2-ylmethyl)amino and a sulfamoyl group at position 2 and 5 respectively. It is a diuretic used in the treatment of congestive heart failure.	5.36	18	0	chlorobenzoic acid; furans; sulfonamide	environmental contaminant; loop diuretic; xenobiotic
gabapentin Gabapentin: A cyclohexane-gamma-aminobutyric acid derivative that is used for the treatment of PARTIAL SEIZURES; NEURALGIA; and RESTLESS LEGS SYNDROME.. gabapentin : A gamma-amino acid that is cyclohexane substituted at position 1 by aminomethyl and carboxymethyl groups. Used for treatment of neuropathic pain and restless legs syndrome.	13.85	56	5	gamma-amino acid	anticonvulsant; calcium channel blocker; environmental contaminant; xenobiotic
gaboxadol gaboxadol: GABA agonist; inhibitor of GABA uptake systems; structure	3.23	6	0	oxazole
4-amino-5-hexynoic acid 4-amino-5-hexynoic acid: structure	1.97	1	0
vanoxerine vanoxerine: structure given in first source. vanoxerine : An N-alkylpiperazine that consists of piperazine bearing 2-bis(4-fluorophenyl)methoxy]ethyl and 3-phenylpropyl groups at positions 1 and 4 respectively. Potent, competitive inhibitor of dopamine uptake (Ki = 1 nM for inhibition of striatal dopamine uptake). Has > 100-fold lower affinity for the noradrenalin and 5-HT uptake carriers. Also a potent sigma ligand (IC50 = 48 nM). Centrally active following systemic administration.	3.61	9	0	ether; N-alkylpiperazine; organofluorine compound; tertiary amino compound	dopamine uptake inhibitor
gbr 12935 1-[2-(benzhydryloxy)ethyl]-4-(3-phenylpropyl)piperazine : An N-alkylpiperazine that consists of piperazine bearing 2-(benzhydryloxy)ethyl and 3-phenylpropyl groups at positions 1 and 4 respectively. Potent and selective inhibitor of dopamine uptake (KD = 5.5 nM in rat striatal membranes).	3.14	5	0	ether; N-alkylpiperazine; tertiary amino compound	dopamine uptake inhibitor
gemfibrozil [no description available]	2.05	1	0	aromatic ether	antilipemic drug
gentamicin Gentamicins: A complex of closely related aminoglycosides obtained from MICROMONOSPORA purpurea and related species. They are broad-spectrum antibiotics, but may cause ear and kidney damage. They act to inhibit PROTEIN BIOSYNTHESIS.	3.08	5	0
2,5-dihydroxybenzoic acid 2,5-dihydroxybenzoic acid: RN given refers to parent cpd; a oxidative product of saligenin. 2,5-dihydroxybenzoic acid : A dihydroxybenzoic acid having the two hydroxy groups at the 2- and 5-positions.	3.6	9	0	dihydroxybenzoic acid	EC 1.13.11.33 (arachidonate 15-lipoxygenase) inhibitor; fungal metabolite; human metabolite; MALDI matrix material; mouse metabolite
glafenine Glafenine: An anthranilic acid derivative with analgesic properties used for the relief of all types of pain.. glafenine : A carboxylic ester that is 2,3-dihydroxypropyl anthranilate in which the amino group is substituted by a 7-chloroquinolin-4-yl group. A non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug, glafenine and its hydrochloride salt were used for the relief of all types of pain, but high incidence of anaphylactic reactions resulted in their withdrawal from the market.	2.05	1	0	aminoquinoline; carboxylic ester; glycol; organochlorine compound; secondary amino compound	inhibitor; non-narcotic analgesic; non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug
gliclazide Gliclazide: An oral sulfonylurea hypoglycemic agent which stimulates insulin secretion.	2.47	2	0	N-sulfonylurea	hypoglycemic agent; insulin secretagogue; radical scavenger
glimepiride glimepiride: structure given in first source	2.07	1	0	sulfonamide
glipizide Glipizide: An oral hypoglycemic agent which is rapidly absorbed and completely metabolized.. glipizide : An N-sulfonylurea that is glyburide in which the (5-chloro-2-methoxybenzoyl group is replaced by a (5-methylpyrazin-2-yl)carbonyl group. An oral hypoglycemic agent, it is used in the treatment of type 2 diabetes mellitus.	1.99	1	0	aromatic amide; monocarboxylic acid amide; N-sulfonylurea; pyrazines	EC 2.7.1.33 (pantothenate kinase) inhibitor; hypoglycemic agent; insulin secretagogue
glutaral Glutaral: One of the protein CROSS-LINKING REAGENTS that is used as a disinfectant for sterilization of heat-sensitive equipment and as a laboratory reagent, especially as a fixative.. glutaraldehyde : A dialdehyde comprised of pentane with aldehyde functions at C-1 and C-5.	4.6	26	0	dialdehyde	cross-linking reagent; disinfectant; fixative
glutethimide Glutethimide: A hypnotic and sedative. Its use has been largely superseded by other drugs.	2.05	1	0	piperidines
glyburide Glyburide: An antidiabetic sulfonylurea derivative with actions like those of chlorpropamide. glyburide : An N-sulfonylurea that is acetohexamide in which the acetyl group is replaced by a 2-(5-chloro-2-methoxybenzamido)ethyl group.	5.56	22	0	monochlorobenzenes; N-sulfonylurea	anti-arrhythmia drug; EC 2.7.1.33 (pantothenate kinase) inhibitor; EC 3.6.3.49 (channel-conductance-controlling ATPase) inhibitor; hypoglycemic agent
glyphosate glyphosate: active cpd in herbicidal formulation Roundup; inhibits EC 2.5.1.19, 5-enolpyruvylshikimate-3-phosphate synthase; structure. glyphosate : A phosphonic acid resulting from the formal oxidative coupling of the methyl group of methylphosphonic acid with the amino group of glycine. It is one of the most commonly used herbicides worldwide, and the only one to target the enzyme 5-enolpyruvyl-3-shikimate phosphate synthase (EPSPS).	3.27	6	0	glycine derivative; phosphonic acid	agrochemical; EC 2.5.1.19 (3-phosphoshikimate 1-carboxyvinyltransferase) inhibitor; herbicide
gö6983 [no description available]	2.15	1	0	indoles; maleimides
go 6976 [no description available]	2.71	3	0	indolocarbazole; organic heterohexacyclic compound	EC 2.7.11.13 (protein kinase C) inhibitor
gossypol Gossypol: A dimeric sesquiterpene found in cottonseed (GOSSYPIUM). The (-) isomer is active as a male contraceptive (CONTRACEPTIVE AGENTS, MALE) whereas toxic symptoms are associated with the (+) isomer.	2.05	1	0
guaiazulene guaiazulene: structure	2.05	1	0	sesquiterpene
guaifenesin Guaifenesin: An expectorant that also has some muscle relaxing action. It is used in many cough preparations.	2.05	1	0	methoxybenzenes
guanethidine Guanethidine: An antihypertensive agent that acts by inhibiting selectively transmission in post-ganglionic adrenergic nerves. It is believed to act mainly by preventing the release of norepinephrine at nerve endings and causes depletion of norepinephrine in peripheral sympathetic nerve terminals as well as in tissues.. guanethidine : A member of the class of guanidines in which one of the hydrogens of the amino group has been replaced by a 2-azocan-1-ylethyl group.. guanethidine sulfate : A organic sulfate salt composed of two molecules of guanethidine and one of sulfuric acid.	2.89	4	0	azocanes; guanidines	adrenergic antagonist; antihypertensive agent; sympatholytic agent
guanfacine Guanfacine: A centrally acting antihypertensive agent with specificity towards ADRENERGIC ALPHA-2 RECEPTORS.	2.99	4	0	acetamides
guanidine Guanidine: A strong organic base existing primarily as guanidium ions at physiological pH. It is found in the urine as a normal product of protein metabolism. It is also used in laboratory research as a protein denaturant. (From Martindale, the Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed and Merck Index, 12th ed) It is also used in the treatment of myasthenia and as a fluorescent probe in HPLC.. guanidine : An aminocarboxamidine, the parent compound of the guanidines.	4.82	32	0	carboxamidine; guanidines; one-carbon compound
gyki 52466 GYKI 52466: an AMPA (non-NMDA) receptor antagonist; structure given in first source	5.23	49	0	benzodiazepine
n-(2-(methylamino)ethyl)-5-isoquinolinesulfonamide [no description available]	2.4	2	0	isoquinolines; sulfonamide
1-(5-isoquinolinesulfonyl)-2-methylpiperazine 1-(5-Isoquinolinesulfonyl)-2-Methylpiperazine: A specific protein kinase C inhibitor, which inhibits superoxide release from human neutrophils (PMN) stimulated with phorbol myristate acetate or synthetic diacylglycerol.. 1-(5-isoquinolinesulfonyl)-2-methylpiperazine : A member of the class of N-sulfonylpiperazines that is 2-methylpiperazine substituted at position 1 by a 5-isoquinolinesulfonyl group.	4.95	37	0	isoquinolines; N-sulfonylpiperazine	EC 2.7.11.13 (protein kinase C) inhibitor
ha 1004 N-(2-guanidinoethyl)-5-isoquinolinesulfonamide: structure given in first source	1.98	1	0	isoquinolines
fasudil fasudil: intracellular calcium antagonist; structure in first source. fasudil : An isoquinoline substituted by a (1,4-diazepan-1-yl)sulfonyl group at position 5. It is a Rho-kinase inhibitor and its hydrochloride hydrate form is approved for the treatment of cerebral vasospasm and cerebral ischemia.	3.31	6	0	isoquinolines; N-sulfonyldiazepane	antihypertensive agent; calcium channel blocker; EC 2.7.11.1 (non-specific serine/threonine protein kinase) inhibitor; geroprotector; neuroprotective agent; nootropic agent; vasodilator agent
ha14-1 ethyl 2-amino-6-bromo-4-(1-cyano-2-ethoxy-2-oxoethyl)-4H-chromene-3-carboxylate: a BH3 mimetic; synergistic induction of apoptosis by simultaneous disruption of the Bcl-2 and MEK/MAPK pathways in acute myelogenous leukemia	2.03	1	0	1-benzopyran
haloperidol Haloperidol: A phenyl-piperidinyl-butyrophenone that is used primarily to treat SCHIZOPHRENIA and other PSYCHOSES. It is also used in schizoaffective disorder, DELUSIONAL DISORDERS, ballism, and TOURETTE SYNDROME (a drug of choice) and occasionally as adjunctive therapy in INTELLECTUAL DISABILITY and the chorea of HUNTINGTON DISEASE. It is a potent antiemetic and is used in the treatment of intractable HICCUPS. (From AMA Drug Evaluations Annual, 1994, p279). haloperidol : A compound composed of a central piperidine structure with hydroxy and p-chlorophenyl substituents at position 4 and an N-linked p-fluorobutyrophenone moiety.	10.88	163	2	aromatic ketone; hydroxypiperidine; monochlorobenzenes; organofluorine compound; tertiary alcohol	antidyskinesia agent; antiemetic; dopaminergic antagonist; first generation antipsychotic; serotonergic antagonist
halothane [no description available]	4.64	27	0	haloalkane; organobromine compound; organochlorine compound; organofluorine compound	inhalation anaesthetic
harmaline Harmaline: A beta-carboline alkaloid isolated from seeds of PEGANUM.. harmaline : A harmala alkaloid in which the harman skeleton is methoxy-substituted at C-7 and has been reduced across the 3,4 bond.	3.6	9	0	harmala alkaloid	oneirogen
hexachlorophene Hexachlorophene: A chlorinated bisphenol antiseptic with a bacteriostatic action against Gram-positive organisms, but much less effective against Gram-negative organisms. It is mainly used in soaps and creams and is an ingredient of various preparations used for skin disorders. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p797). hexachlorophene : An organochlorine compound that is diphenylmethane in which each of the phenyl groups is substituted by chlorines at positions 2, 3, and 5, and by a hydroxy group at position 6. An antiseptic that is effective against Gram-positive organisms, it is used in soaps and creams for the treatment of various skin disorders. It is also used in agriculture as an acaricide and fungicide, but is not approved for such use within the European Union.	2.4	2	0	bridged diphenyl fungicide; polyphenol; trichlorobenzene	acaricide; antibacterial agent; antifungal agrochemical; antiseptic drug
miltefosine miltefosine: hexadecyl phosphocholine derivative of cisplatin; did not substantially activate HIV long terminal repeat; less toxic than cisplatin. miltefosine : A phospholipid that is the hexadecyl monoester of phosphocholine.	2.05	1	0	phosphocholines; phospholipid	anti-inflammatory agent; anticoronaviral agent; antifungal agent; antineoplastic agent; antiprotozoal drug; apoptosis inducer; immunomodulator; protein kinase inhibitor
hexamethonium Hexamethonium: A nicotinic cholinergic antagonist often referred to as the prototypical ganglionic blocker. It is poorly absorbed from the gastrointestinal tract and does not cross the blood-brain barrier. It has been used for a variety of therapeutic purposes including hypertension but, like the other ganglionic blockers, it has been replaced by more specific drugs for most purposes, although it is widely used a research tool.	5.77	34	0	quaternary ammonium salt
hexestrol [no description available]	2.05	1	0	stilbenoid
hexetidine Hexetidine: A bactericidal and fungicidal antiseptic. It is used as a 0.1% mouthwash for local infections and oral hygiene. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p797)	2.05	1	0	organic heteromonocyclic compound; organonitrogen heterocyclic compound
hexobarbital Hexobarbital: A barbiturate that is effective as a hypnotic and sedative.. hexobarbital : A member of the class of barbiturates taht is barbituric acid substituted at N-1 by methyl and at C-5 by methyl and cyclohex-1-enyl groups.	2.05	1	0	barbiturates
hexamethylene bisacetamide N,N'-diacetyl-1,6-diaminohexane: chemical name obtained from Acta Biol Hung 1990;41(1-3):199-208	1.97	1	0	acetamides
ethidium Ethidium: A trypanocidal agent and possible antiviral agent that is widely used in experimental cell biology and biochemistry. Ethidium has several experimentally useful properties including binding to nucleic acids, noncompetitive inhibition of nicotinic acetylcholine receptors, and fluorescence among others. It is most commonly used as the bromide.. ethidium : The fluorescent compound widely used in experimental cell biology and biochemistry to reveal double-stranded DNA and RNA.	3.73	10	0	phenanthridines	fluorochrome; intercalator
hydralazine Hydralazine: A direct-acting vasodilator that is used as an antihypertensive agent.. hydralazine : The 1-hydrazino derivative of phthalazine; a direct-acting vasodilator that is used as an antihypertensive agent.	2.45	2	0	azaarene; hydrazines; ortho-fused heteroarene; phthalazines	antihypertensive agent; vasodilator agent
hydrochlorothiazide Hydrochlorothiazide: A thiazide diuretic often considered the prototypical member of this class. It reduces the reabsorption of electrolytes from the renal tubules. This results in increased excretion of water and electrolytes, including sodium, potassium, chloride, and magnesium. It is used in the treatment of several disorders including edema, hypertension, diabetes insipidus, and hypoparathyroidism.. hydrochlorothiazide : A benzothiadiazine that is 3,4-dihydro-2H-1,2,4-benzothiadiazine 1,1-dioxide substituted by a chloro group at position 6 and a sulfonamide at 7. It is diuretic used for the treatment of hypertension and congestive heart failure.	2.05	1	0	benzothiadiazine; organochlorine compound; sulfonamide	antihypertensive agent; diuretic; environmental contaminant; xenobiotic
hydroxyurea [no description available]	2.48	2	0	one-carbon compound; ureas	antimetabolite; antimitotic; antineoplastic agent; DNA synthesis inhibitor; EC 1.17.4.1 (ribonucleoside-diphosphate reductase) inhibitor; genotoxin; immunomodulator; radical scavenger; teratogenic agent
hydroxyzine Hydroxyzine: A histamine H1 receptor antagonist that is effective in the treatment of chronic urticaria, dermatitis, and histamine-mediated pruritus. Unlike its major metabolite CETIRIZINE, it does cause drowsiness. It is also effective as an antiemetic, for relief of anxiety and tension, and as a sedative.. hydroxyzine : A N-alkylpiperazine that is piperzine in which the nitrogens atoms are substituted by 2-(2-hydroxyethoxy)ethyl and (4-chlorophenyl)(phenyl)methyl groups respectively.	2.05	1	0	hydroxyether; monochlorobenzenes; N-alkylpiperazine	anticoronaviral agent; antipruritic drug; anxiolytic drug; dermatologic drug; H1-receptor antagonist
hypericin [no description available]	2.43	2	0
mk 473 MK 473: RN given refers to parent cpd without isomeric designation	2.08	1	0
ibuprofen Midol: combination of cinnamedrine, phenacetin, aspirin & caffeine	5	9	1	monocarboxylic acid	antipyretic; cyclooxygenase 1 inhibitor; cyclooxygenase 2 inhibitor; drug allergen; environmental contaminant; geroprotector; non-narcotic analgesic; non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug; radical scavenger; xenobiotic
phenelzine Phenelzine: One of the MONOAMINE OXIDASE INHIBITORS used to treat DEPRESSION; PHOBIC DISORDERS; and PANIC.	2.71	3	0	primary amine
lidocaine Lidocaine: A local anesthetic and cardiac depressant used as an antiarrhythmia agent. Its actions are more intense and its effects more prolonged than those of PROCAINE but its duration of action is shorter than that of BUPIVACAINE or PRILOCAINE.. lidocaine : The monocarboxylic acid amide resulting from the formal condensation of N,N-diethylglycine with 2,6-dimethylaniline.	14.2	68	2	benzenes; monocarboxylic acid amide; tertiary amino compound	anti-arrhythmia drug; drug allergen; environmental contaminant; local anaesthetic; xenobiotic
alverine alverine : A tertiary amine having one ethyl and two 3-phenylprop-1-yl groups attached to the nitrogen. An antispasmodic that acts directly on intestinal and uterine smooth muscle, it is used (particularly as the citrate salt) in the treatment of irritable bowel syndrome.	2.05	1	0	tertiary amine	antispasmodic drug
ici 118551 [no description available]	2.44	2	0	indanes
idebenone [no description available]	3.5	8	0	1,4-benzoquinones; primary alcohol	antioxidant; ferroptosis inhibitor
idra 21 IDRA 21: modulates AMPA receptor desensitization ; structure given in first source	2.92	4	0	benzothiadiazine
ifenprodil ifenprodil: NMDA receptor antagonist	6.94	54	0	piperidines
ifosfamide [no description available]	2.72	3	0	ifosfamides	alkylating agent; antineoplastic agent; environmental contaminant; immunosuppressive agent; xenobiotic
imipramine Imipramine: The prototypical tricyclic antidepressant. It has been used in major depression, dysthymia, bipolar depression, attention-deficit disorders, agoraphobia, and panic disorders. It has less sedative effect than some other members of this therapeutic group.. imipramine : A dibenzoazepine that is 5H-dibenzo[b,f]azepine substituted by a 3-(dimethylamino)propyl group at the nitrogen atom.	4.22	17	0	dibenzoazepine	adrenergic uptake inhibitor; antidepressant; EC 3.4.21.26 (prolyl oligopeptidase) inhibitor
amrinone Amrinone: A positive inotropic cardiotonic (CARDIOTONIC AGENTS) with vasodilator properties, phosphodiesterase 3 inhibitory activity, and the ability to stimulate calcium ion influx into the cardiac cell.. amrinone : A 3,4'-bipyridine substituted at positions 5 and 6 by an amino group and a keto function respectively. A pyridine phosphodiesterase 3 inhibitor, it is a drug that may improve the prognosis in patients with congestive heart failure.	2.05	1	0	bipyridines	EC 3.1.4.* (phosphoric diester hydrolase) inhibitor
indapamide Indapamide: A benzamide-sulfonamide-indole derived DIURETIC that functions by inhibiting SODIUM CHLORIDE SYMPORTERS.. indapamide : A sulfonamide formed by condensation of the carboxylic group of 4-chloro-3-sulfamoylbenzoic acid with the amino group of 2-methyl-2,3-dihydro-1H-indol-1-amine.	2.05	1	0	indoles; organochlorine compound; sulfonamide	antihypertensive agent; diuretic
indomethacin Indomethacin: A non-steroidal anti-inflammatory agent (NSAID) that inhibits CYCLOOXYGENASE, which is necessary for the formation of PROSTAGLANDINS and other AUTACOIDS. It also inhibits the motility of POLYMORPHONUCLEAR LEUKOCYTES.. indometacin : A member of the class of indole-3-acetic acids that is indole-3-acetic acid in which the indole ring is substituted at positions 1, 2 and 5 by p-chlorobenzoyl, methyl, and methoxy groups, respectively. A non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug, it is used in the treatment of musculoskeletal and joint disorders including osteoarthritis, rheumatoid arthritis, gout, bursitis and tendinitis.	4.31	19	0	aromatic ether; indole-3-acetic acids; monochlorobenzenes; N-acylindole	analgesic; drug metabolite; EC 1.14.99.1 (prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase) inhibitor; environmental contaminant; gout suppressant; non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug; xenobiotic metabolite; xenobiotic
iodoacetamide [no description available]	2.89	4	0
iofetamine Iofetamine: An amphetamine analog that is rapidly taken up by the lungs and from there redistributed primarily to the brain and liver. It is used in brain radionuclide scanning with I-123.	1.96	1	0
iohexol Iohexol: An effective non-ionic, water-soluble contrast agent which is used in myelography, arthrography, nephroangiography, arteriography, and other radiographic procedures. Its low systemic toxicity is the combined result of low chemotoxicity and low osmolality.. iohexol : A benzenedicarboxamide compound having N-(2,3-dihydroxypropyl)carbamoyl groups at the 1- and 3-positions, iodo substituents at the 2-, 4- and 6-positions and an N-(2,3-dihydroxypropyl)acetamido group at the 5-position.	2.05	1	0	benzenedicarboxamide; organoiodine compound	environmental contaminant; radioopaque medium; xenobiotic
iodipamide Iodipamide: A water-soluble radiographic contrast media for cholecystography and intravenous cholangiography.. adipiodone : An organoiodine compound that is 3-amino-2,4,6-triiodobenzoic acid in which one of the amino hydrogens is substituted by a 6-(3-carboxy-2,4,6-triiodoanilino)-6-oxohexanoyl group. It is a water-soluble radiographic contrast media for cholecystography and intravenous cholangiography.	2.05	1	0	benzoic acids; organoiodine compound; secondary carboxamide	radioopaque medium
iproniazid [no description available]	2.05	1	0	carbohydrazide; pyridines
avapro Irbesartan: A spiro compound, biphenyl and tetrazole derivative that acts as an angiotensin II type 1 receptor antagonist. It is used in the management of HYPERTENSION, and in the treatment of kidney disease.. irbesartan : A biphenylyltetrazole that is an angiotensin II receptor antagonist used mainly for the treatment of hypertension.	2.05	1	0	azaspiro compound; biphenylyltetrazole	angiotensin receptor antagonist; antihypertensive agent; environmental contaminant; xenobiotic
1-methyl-3-isobutylxanthine 1-Methyl-3-isobutylxanthine: A potent cyclic nucleotide phosphodiesterase inhibitor; due to this action, the compound increases cyclic AMP and cyclic GMP in tissue and thereby activates CYCLIC NUCLEOTIDE-REGULATED PROTEIN KINASES. 3-isobutyl-1-methylxanthine : An oxopurine that is xanthine which is substituted at positions 1 and 3 by methyl and isobutyl groups, respectively.	4.44	22	0	3-isobutyl-1-methylxanthine
isoflurane Isoflurane: A stable, non-explosive inhalation anesthetic, relatively free from significant side effects.	7.92	59	1	organofluorine compound	inhalation anaesthetic
isoguvacine isoguvacine: A GABA agonist; RN given refers to parent cpd; structure	3.41	7	0	tetrahydropyridine
isoniazid Hydra: A genus of freshwater polyps in the family Hydridae, order Hydroida, class HYDROZOA. They are of special interest because of their complex organization and because their adult organization corresponds roughly to the gastrula of higher animals.. hydrazide : Compounds derived from oxoacids RkE(=O)l(OH)m (l =/= 0) by replacing -OH by -NRNR2 (R groups are commonly H). (IUPAC).	4.97	40	0	carbohydrazide	antitubercular agent; drug allergen
2-propanol 2-Propanol: An isomer of 1-PROPANOL. It is a colorless liquid having disinfectant properties. It is used in the manufacture of acetone and its derivatives and as a solvent. Topically, it is used as an antiseptic.. propan-2-ol : A secondary alcohol that is propane in which one of the hydrogens attached to the central carbon is substituted by a hydroxy group.	2.54	2	0	secondary alcohol; secondary fatty alcohol	protic solvent
isoproterenol Isoproterenol: Isopropyl analog of EPINEPHRINE; beta-sympathomimetic that acts on the heart, bronchi, skeletal muscle, alimentary tract, etc. It is used mainly as bronchodilator and heart stimulant.. isoprenaline : A secondary amino compound that is noradrenaline in which one of the hydrogens attached to the nitrogen is replaced by an isopropyl group. A sympathomimetic acting almost exclusively on beta-adrenergic receptors, it is used (mainly as the hydrochloride salt) as a bronghodilator and heart stimulant for the management of a variety of cardiac disorders.	7.68	48	1	catechols; secondary alcohol; secondary amino compound	beta-adrenergic agonist; bronchodilator agent; cardiotonic drug; sympathomimetic agent
isoxsuprine Isoxsuprine: A beta-adrenergic agonist that causes direct relaxation of uterine and vascular smooth muscle. Its vasodilating actions are greater on the arteries supplying skeletal muscle than on those supplying skin. It is used in the treatment of peripheral vascular disease and in premature labor.	7.48	2	0	alkylbenzene
isradipine Isradipine: A potent antagonist of CALCIUM CHANNELS that is highly selective for VASCULAR SMOOTH MUSCLE. It is effective in the treatment of chronic stable angina pectoris, hypertension, and congestive cardiac failure.	3.24	6	0	benzoxadiazole; dihydropyridine; isopropyl ester; methyl ester
itraconazole [no description available]	2.05	1	0	piperazines
juglone juglone: structure. juglone : A hydroxy-1,4-naphthoquinone that is 1,4-naphthoquinone in which the hydrogen at position 5 has been replaced by a hydroxy group. A plant-derived 1,4-naphthoquinone with confirmed antibacterial and antitumor activities.	2.03	1	0	hydroxy-1,4-naphthoquinone	geroprotector; herbicide; reactive oxygen species generator
staurosporine aglycone staurosporine aglycone: metabolite from culture broth of Nocardiopsis sp.; a neurotrophin antag; inhibits BDNF TrkB receptor	4.16	16	0
ketamine Ketamine: A cyclohexanone derivative used for induction of anesthesia. Its mechanism of action is not well understood, but ketamine can block NMDA receptors (RECEPTORS, N-METHYL-D-ASPARTATE) and may interact with sigma receptors.. ketamine : A member of the class of cyclohexanones in which one of the hydrogens at position 2 is substituted by a 2-chlorophenyl group, while the other is substituted by a methylamino group.	26.26	288	53	cyclohexanones; monochlorobenzenes; secondary amino compound	analgesic; environmental contaminant; intravenous anaesthetic; neurotoxin; NMDA receptor antagonist; xenobiotic
ketanserin Ketanserin: A selective serotonin receptor antagonist with weak adrenergic receptor blocking properties. The drug is effective in lowering blood pressure in essential hypertension. It also inhibits platelet aggregation. It is well tolerated and is particularly effective in older patients.. ketanserin : A member of the class of quinazolines that is quinazoline-2,4(1H,3H)-dione which is substituted at position 3 by a 2-[4-(p-fluorobenzoyl)piperidin-1-yl]ethyl group.	3.97	13	0	aromatic ketone; organofluorine compound; piperidines; quinazolines	alpha-adrenergic antagonist; antihypertensive agent; cardiovascular drug; EC 3.4.21.26 (prolyl oligopeptidase) inhibitor; serotonergic antagonist
ketoconazole 1-acetyl-4-(4-{[2-(2,4-dichlorophenyl)-2-(1H-imidazol-1-ylmethyl)-1,3-dioxolan-4-yl]methoxy}phenyl)piperazine : A dioxolane that is 1,3-dioxolane which is substituted at positions 2, 2, and 4 by imidazol-1-ylmethyl, 2,4-dichlorophenyl, and [para-(4-acetylpiperazin-1-yl)phenoxy]methyl groups, respectively.	4.08	3	1	dichlorobenzene; dioxolane; ether; imidazoles; N-acylpiperazine; N-arylpiperazine
ketoprofen Ketoprofen: An IBUPROFEN-type anti-inflammatory analgesic and antipyretic. It is used in the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis and osteoarthritis.. ketoprofen : An oxo monocarboxylic acid that consists of propionic acid substituted by a 3-benzoylphenyl group at position 2.	3.13	5	0	benzophenones; oxo monocarboxylic acid	antipyretic; drug allergen; EC 1.14.99.1 (prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase) inhibitor; environmental contaminant; non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug; xenobiotic
khellin Khellin: A vasodilator that also has bronchodilatory action. It has been employed in the treatment of angina pectoris, in the treatment of asthma, and in conjunction with ultraviolet light A, has been tried in the treatment of vitiligo. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p1024). khellin : A furanochrome in which the basic tricyclic skeleton is substituted at positions 4 and 9 with methoxy groups and at position 7 with a methyl group. A major constituent of the plant Ammi visnaga it is a herbal folk medicine used for various illnesses, its main effect being as a vasodilator.	2.05	1	0	furanochromone; organic heterotricyclic compound; oxacycle	anti-asthmatic agent; bronchodilator agent; cardiovascular drug; vasodilator agent
kinetin Kinetin: A furanyl adenine found in PLANTS and FUNGI. It has plant growth regulation effects.. cytokinin : A phytohormone that promote cell division, or cytokinesis, in plant roots and shoots.. kinetin : A member of the class of 6-aminopurines that is adenine carrying a (furan-2-ylmethyl) substituent at the exocyclic amino group.	2.46	2	0	6-aminopurines; furans	cytokinin; geroprotector
kojic acid [no description available]	2.01	1	0	4-pyranones; enol; primary alcohol	Aspergillus metabolite; EC 1.10.3.1 (catechol oxidase) inhibitor; EC 1.10.3.2 (laccase) inhibitor; EC 1.13.11.24 (quercetin 2,3-dioxygenase) inhibitor; EC 1.14.18.1 (tyrosinase) inhibitor; EC 1.4.3.3 (D-amino-acid oxidase) inhibitor; NF-kappaB inhibitor; skin lightening agent
kynurenic acid Kynurenic Acid: A broad-spectrum excitatory amino acid antagonist used as a research tool.. kynurenic acid : A quinolinemonocarboxylic acid that is quinoline-2-carboxylic acid substituted by a hydroxy group at C-4.	9.65	322	0	monohydroxyquinoline; quinolinemonocarboxylic acid	G-protein-coupled receptor agonist; human metabolite; neuroprotective agent; nicotinic antagonist; NMDA receptor antagonist; Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite
2-amino-3-phosphonopropionic acid 2-amino-3-phosphonopropionic acid: metabotropic glutamate receptor antagonist; do not confuse AP-3 used as an abbreviation for this with enhancer-binding protein AP-3 (a trans-activator) or clathrin assembly protein AP-3. 2-amino-3-phosphonopropanoic acid : A non-proteinogenc alpha-amino acid that is alanine in which one of the hydrogens of the terminal methyl group has been replaced by a dihydroxy(oxido)-lambda(5)-phosphanyl group.	4.82	33	0	alanine derivative; non-proteinogenic alpha-amino acid; phosphonic acids	human metabolite; metabotropic glutamate receptor antagonist
2-phenylglycine 2-phenylglycine: RN given refers to cpd without isomeric designation; structure. alpha-phenylglycine : An amino acid with a structure in which a phenyl ring is bonded to the alpha-carbon of glycine.	2.41	2	0	non-proteinogenic alpha-amino acid	human metabolite
pyrrolidine-2,4-dicarboxylic acid pyrrolidine-2,4-dicarboxylic acid: a glutamate uptake inhibitor	13.33	148	0
labetalol Labetalol: A salicylamide derivative that is a non-cardioselective blocker of BETA-ADRENERGIC RECEPTORS and ALPHA-1 ADRENERGIC RECEPTORS.. labetalol : A diastereoisomeric mixture of approximately equal amounts of all four possible stereoisomers ((R,S)-labetolol, (S,R)-labetolol, (S,S)-labetalol and (R,R)-labetalol). It is an adrenergic antagonist used to treat high blood pressure.. 2-hydroxy-5-{1-hydroxy-2-[(4-phenylbutan-2-yl)amino]ethyl}benzamide : A member of the class of benzamides that is benzamide substituted by a hydroxy group at position 2 and by a 1-hydroxy-2-[(4-phenylbutan-2-yl)amino]ethyl group at position 5.	2.05	1	0	benzamides; benzenes; phenols; primary carboxamide; salicylamides; secondary alcohol; secondary amino compound
lamotrigine [no description available]	14.64	74	15	1,2,4-triazines; dichlorobenzene; primary arylamine	anticonvulsant; antidepressant; antimanic drug; calcium channel blocker; EC 3.4.21.26 (prolyl oligopeptidase) inhibitor; environmental contaminant; excitatory amino acid antagonist; geroprotector; non-narcotic analgesic; xenobiotic
lansoprazole Lansoprazole: A 2,2,2-trifluoroethoxypyridyl derivative of timoprazole that is used in the therapy of STOMACH ULCERS and ZOLLINGER-ELLISON SYNDROME. The drug inhibits H(+)-K(+)-EXCHANGING ATPASE which is found in GASTRIC PARIETAL CELLS. Lansoprazole is a racemic mixture of (R)- and (S)-isomers.	2.44	2	0	benzimidazoles; pyridines; sulfoxide	anti-ulcer drug; EC 3.6.3.10 (H(+)/K(+)-exchanging ATPase) inhibitor
beta-lapachone beta-lapachone: antineoplastic inhibitor of reverse transcriptase, DNA topoisomerase, and DNA polymerase. beta-lapachone : A benzochromenone that is 3,4-dihydro-2H-benzo[h]chromene-5,6-dione substituted by geminal methyl groups at position 2. Isolated from Tabebuia avellanedae, it exhibits antineoplastic and anti-inflammatory activities.	2.05	1	0	benzochromenone; orthoquinones	anti-inflammatory agent; antineoplastic agent; plant metabolite
lauric acid dodecanoic acid : A straight-chain, twelve-carbon medium-chain saturated fatty acid with strong bactericidal properties; the main fatty acid in coconut oil and palm kernel oil.	2.93	4	0	medium-chain fatty acid; straight-chain saturated fatty acid	algal metabolite; antibacterial agent; plant metabolite
lavendustin a lavendustin A: from Streptomyces griseolavendus; structure given in first source	2.05	1	0	aromatic amine
leflunomide Leflunomide: An isoxazole derivative that inhibits dihydroorotate dehydrogenase, the fourth enzyme in the pyrimidine biosynthetic pathway. It is used an immunosuppressive agent in the treatment of RHEUMATOID ARTHRITIS and PSORIATIC ARTHRITIS.. leflunomide : A monocarboxylic acid amide obtained by formal condensation of the carboxy group of 5-methyl-1,2-oxazole-4-carboxylic acid with the anilino group of 4-(trifluoromethyl)aniline. The prodrug of teriflunomide.	2.05	1	0	(trifluoromethyl)benzenes; isoxazoles; monocarboxylic acid amide	antineoplastic agent; antiparasitic agent; EC 1.3.98.1 [dihydroorotate oxidase (fumarate)] inhibitor; EC 3.1.3.16 (phosphoprotein phosphatase) inhibitor; hepatotoxic agent; immunosuppressive agent; non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug; prodrug; pyrimidine synthesis inhibitor; tyrosine kinase inhibitor
letrozole [no description available]	2.17	1	0	nitrile; triazoles	antineoplastic agent; EC 1.14.14.14 (aromatase) inhibitor
nordefrin Nordefrin: A norepinephrine derivative used as a vasoconstrictor agent.	2.07	1	0	catecholamine
qx-314 QX-314: triethyl analog of lidocaine; RN & NM refer to ion	3.96	13	0	monocarboxylic acid amide	local anaesthetic
linopirdine linopirdine: acetylcholine releasing drug	2.71	3	0	indoles
lofepramine Lofepramine: A psychotropic IMIPRAMINE derivative that acts as a tricyclic antidepressant and possesses few anticholinergic properties. It is metabolized to DESIPRAMINE.	2.05	1	0	aromatic ketone; dibenzoazepine; monochlorobenzenes; tertiary amino compound	antidepressant
lomerizine lomerizine: used to treat migraines	2.39	2	0	diarylmethane
lomustine [no description available]	2.05	1	0	N-nitrosoureas; organochlorine compound	alkylating agent; antineoplastic agent
loperamide Loperamide: One of the long-acting synthetic ANTIDIARRHEALS; it is not significantly absorbed from the gut, and has no effect on the adrenergic system or central nervous system, but may antagonize histamine and interfere with acetylcholine release locally.. loperamide : A synthetic piperidine derivative, effective against diarrhoea resulting from gastroenteritis or inflammatory bowel disease.	2.53	2	0	monocarboxylic acid amide; monochlorobenzenes; piperidines; tertiary alcohol	anticoronaviral agent; antidiarrhoeal drug; mu-opioid receptor agonist
lorazepam Lorazepam: A benzodiazepine used as an anti-anxiety agent with few side effects. It also has hypnotic, anticonvulsant, and considerable sedative properties and has been proposed as a preanesthetic agent.	3.13	5	0	benzodiazepine
lorglumide lorglumide: RN given refers to (+-)-isomer. lorglumide : A racemate comprising equal amounts of (R)- and (S)-lorglumide.. N(2)-(3,4-dichlorobenzoyl)-N,N-dipentyl-alpha-glutamine : A dicarboxylic acid monoamide obtained by formal condensation of the alpha-carboxy group of N-(3,4-dichlorobenzoyl)glutamic acid with the amino group of dipentylamine.	2.02	1	0	benzamides; dicarboxylic acid monoamide; dichlorobenzene; glutamic acid derivative
losartan Losartan: An antagonist of ANGIOTENSIN TYPE 1 RECEPTOR with antihypertensive activity due to the reduced pressor effect of ANGIOTENSIN II.. losartan : A biphenylyltetrazole where a 1,1'-biphenyl group is attached at the 5-position and has an additional trisubstituted imidazol-1-ylmethyl group at the 4'-position	4.28	18	0	biphenylyltetrazole; imidazoles	angiotensin receptor antagonist; anti-arrhythmia drug; antihypertensive agent; endothelin receptor antagonist
2-(4-morpholinyl)-8-phenyl-4h-1-benzopyran-4-one 2-(4-morpholinyl)-8-phenyl-4H-1-benzopyran-4-one: specific inhibitor of phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase; structure in first source	4.56	24	0	chromones; morpholines; organochlorine compound	autophagy inhibitor; EC 2.7.1.137 (phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase) inhibitor; geroprotector
6-anilino-5,8-quinolinedione 6-anilino-5,8-quinolinedione: structure given in first source; SRS-A & guanylate cyclase antagonist. 6-anilino-5,8-quinolinedione : A quinolone that is quinoline-5,8-dione in which the hydrogen at position 6 is replaced by an anilino group.	2.01	1	0	aminoquinoline; aromatic amine; p-quinones; quinolone	antineoplastic agent; EC 4.6.1.2 (guanylate cyclase) inhibitor
malathion Malathion: A wide spectrum aliphatic organophosphate insecticide widely used for both domestic and commercial agricultural purposes.. malathion : A racemate comprising equimolar amounts of (R) and (S)-malathion. It is a broad spectrum organophosphate proinsecticide used to control a wide range of pests including Coleoptera, Diptera, fruit flies, mosquitos and spider mites.. diethyl 2-[(dimethoxyphosphorothioyl)thio]succinate : A diester that is diethyl succinate in which position 2 is substituted by a (dimethoxyphosphorothioyl)thio group.	2.47	2	0	diester; ethyl ester; organic thiophosphate
diisopropyl 1,3-dithiol-2-ylidenemalonate diisopropyl 1,3-dithiol-2-ylidenemalonate: structure in first source	2.05	1	0	isopropyl ester
maprotiline Maprotiline: A bridged-ring tetracyclic antidepressant that is both mechanistically and functionally similar to the tricyclic antidepressants, including side effects associated with its use.	2.03	1	0	anthracenes
mazindol Mazindol: Tricyclic anorexigenic agent unrelated to and less toxic than AMPHETAMINE, but with some similar side effects. It inhibits uptake of catecholamines and blocks the binding of cocaine to the dopamine uptake transporter.	3.25	6	0	organic molecular entity
edaravone [no description available]	4.57	7	0	pyrazolone	antioxidant; radical scavenger
mebendazole Mebendazole: A benzimidazole that acts by interfering with CARBOHYDRATE METABOLISM and inhibiting polymerization of MICROTUBULES.. mebendazole : A carbamate ester that is methyl 1H-benzimidazol-2-ylcarbamate substituted by a benzoyl group at position 5.	2.05	1	0	aromatic ketone; benzimidazoles; carbamate ester	antinematodal drug; microtubule-destabilising agent; tubulin modulator
mecamylamine Mecamylamine: A nicotinic antagonist that is well absorbed from the gastrointestinal tract and crosses the blood-brain barrier. Mecamylamine has been used as a ganglionic blocker in treating hypertension, but, like most ganglionic blockers, is more often used now as a research tool.	4.79	31	0	primary aliphatic amine
mechlorethamine nitrogen mustard : Compounds having two beta-haloalkyl groups bound to a nitrogen atom, as in (X-CH2-CH2)2NR.	1.94	1	0	nitrogen mustard; organochlorine compound	alkylating agent
meclizine Meclizine: A histamine H1 antagonist used in the treatment of motion sickness, vertigo, and nausea during pregnancy and radiation sickness.	2.05	1	0	diarylmethane
meclofenamic acid Meclofenamic Acid: A non-steroidal anti-inflammatory agent with antipyretic and antigranulation activities. It also inhibits prostaglandin biosynthesis.. meclofenamic acid : An aminobenzoic acid that is anthranilic acid in which one of the hydrogens attached to the nitrogen is replaced by a 2,6-dichloro-3-methylphenyl group. A non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug, it is used as the sodium salt for the treatment of dysmenorrhoea (painful periods), osteoarthritis and rheumatoid arthritis.	2.06	1	0	aminobenzoic acid; organochlorine compound; secondary amino compound	analgesic; anticonvulsant; antineoplastic agent; antipyretic; antirheumatic drug; EC 1.13.11.34 (arachidonate 5-lipoxygenase) inhibitor; EC 1.14.99.1 (prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase) inhibitor; non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug
meclofenoxate Meclofenoxate: An ester of DIMETHYLAMINOETHANOL and para-chlorophenoxyacetic acid.	2.05	1	0	monocarboxylic acid
medazepam Medazepam: A benzodiazepine derivative used in the treatment of anxiety. It has sedative, muscle relaxant, and anticonvulsant properties. One of its metabolites is DIAZEPAM and one of its excretion products is OXAZEPAM.	2	1	0	organic molecular entity
mefenamic acid Mefenamic Acid: A non-steroidal anti-inflammatory agent with analgesic, anti-inflammatory, and antipyretic properties. It is an inhibitor of cyclooxygenase.. mefenamic acid : An aminobenzoic acid that is anthranilic acid in which one of the hydrogens attached to the nitrogen is replaced by a 2,3-dimethylphenyl group. Although classed as a non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug, its anti-inflammatory properties are considered to be minor. It is used to relieve mild to moderate pain, including headaches, dental pain, osteoarthritis and rheumatoid arthritis.	2.46	2	0	aminobenzoic acid; secondary amino compound	analgesic; antipyretic; antirheumatic drug; EC 1.14.99.1 (prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase) inhibitor; environmental contaminant; non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug; xenobiotic
memantine [no description available]	15.47	141	6	adamantanes; primary aliphatic amine	antidepressant; antiparkinson drug; dopaminergic agent; neuroprotective agent; NMDA receptor antagonist
vitamin k 3 Vitamin K 3: A synthetic naphthoquinone without the isoprenoid side chain and biological activity, but can be converted to active vitamin K2, menaquinone, after alkylation in vivo.	3.32	6	0	1,4-naphthoquinones; vitamin K	angiogenesis inhibitor; antineoplastic agent; EC 3.4.22.69 (SARS coronavirus main proteinase) inhibitor; human urinary metabolite; nutraceutical
meperidine Meperidine: A narcotic analgesic that can be used for the relief of most types of moderate to severe pain, including postoperative pain and the pain of labor. Prolonged use may lead to dependence of the morphine type; withdrawal symptoms appear more rapidly than with morphine and are of shorter duration.. pethidine : A piperidinecarboxylate ester that is piperidine which is substituted by a methyl group at position 1 and by phenyl and ethoxycarbonyl groups at position 4. It is an analgesic which is used for the treatment of moderate to severe pain, including postoperative pain and labour pain.	2.05	1	0	ethyl ester; piperidinecarboxylate ester; tertiary amino compound	antispasmodic drug; kappa-opioid receptor agonist; mu-opioid receptor agonist; opioid analgesic
mephenesin Mephenesin: A centrally acting muscle relaxant with a short duration of action.. 1-(2-methylphenyl)glycerol : A glycerol ether in which a single 2-methylphenyl group is attached at position 1 of glycerol via an ether linkage.	6.93	1	0	aromatic ether; glycerol ether
mephenytoin Mephenytoin: An anticonvulsant effective in tonic-clonic epilepsy (EPILEPSY, TONIC-CLONIC). It may cause blood dyscrasias.. mephenytoin : An imidazolidine-2,4-dione (hydantoin) in which the imidazolidine nucleus carries a methyl group at N-3 and has ethyl and phenyl substituents at C-5. An anticonvulsant, it is no longer available in the USA or the UK but is still studied largely because of its interesting hydroxylation polymorphism.	2.44	2	0	imidazolidine-2,4-dione	anticonvulsant
mepivacaine Mepivacaine: A local anesthetic that is chemically related to BUPIVACAINE but pharmacologically related to LIDOCAINE. It is indicated for infiltration, nerve block, and epidural anesthesia. Mepivacaine is effective topically only in large doses and therefore should not be used by this route. (From AMA Drug Evaluations, 1994, p168). mepivacaine : A piperidinecarboxamide in which N-methylpipecolic acid and 2,6-dimethylaniline have combined to form the amide bond. It is used as a local amide-type anaesthetic.	2.05	1	0	piperidinecarboxamide	drug allergen; local anaesthetic
meprobamate Meprobamate: A carbamate with hypnotic, sedative, and some muscle relaxant properties, although in therapeutic doses reduction of anxiety rather than a direct effect may be responsible for muscle relaxation. Meprobamate has been reported to have anticonvulsant actions against petit mal seizures, but not against grand mal seizures (which may be exacerbated). It is used in the treatment of ANXIETY DISORDERS, and also for the short-term management of INSOMNIA but has largely been superseded by the BENZODIAZEPINES. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p603)	2.36	2	0	organic molecular entity
mesalamine Mesalamine: An anti-inflammatory agent, structurally related to the SALICYLATES, which is active in INFLAMMATORY BOWEL DISEASE. It is considered to be the active moiety of SULPHASALAZINE. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed). mesalamine : A monohydroxybenzoic acid that is salicylic acid substituted by an amino group at the 5-position.	2.05	1	0	amino acid; aromatic amine; monocarboxylic acid; monohydroxybenzoic acid; phenols	non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug
mescaline Mescaline: Hallucinogenic alkaloid isolated from the flowering heads (peyote) of Lophophora (formerly Anhalonium) williamsii, a Mexican cactus used in Indian religious rites and as an experimental psychotomimetic. Among its cellular effects are agonist actions at some types of serotonin receptors. It has no accepted therapeutic uses although it is legal for religious use by members of the Native American Church.. mescaline : A phenethylamine alkaloid that is phenethylamine substituted at positions 3, 4 and 5 by methoxy groups.	7.35	2	0	methoxybenzenes; phenethylamine alkaloid; primary amino compound	hallucinogen
metaproterenol Metaproterenol: A beta-2 adrenergic agonist used in the treatment of ASTHMA and BRONCHIAL SPASM.. orciprenaline : A racemate composed of equimolar amounts of (R)- and (S)-orciprenaline. Used (as its sulfate salt) to relax the airway muscles and improve breathing for patients suffering from asthma or bronchitis.. 5-[1-hydroxy-2-(isopropanylamino)ethyl]benzene-1,3-diol : A member of the class of resorcinols bearing an additional 1-hydroxy-2-(isopropanylamino)ethyl substituent at position 5 of resorcinol itself.	2.39	2	0	aralkylamino compound; phenylethanolamines; resorcinols; secondary alcohol; secondary amino compound
metformin Metformin: A biguanide hypoglycemic agent used in the treatment of non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus not responding to dietary modification. Metformin improves glycemic control by improving insulin sensitivity and decreasing intestinal absorption of glucose. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p289). metformin : A member of the class of guanidines that is biguanide the carrying two methyl substituents at position 1.	4.84	7	1	guanidines	environmental contaminant; geroprotector; hypoglycemic agent; xenobiotic
methacrylic acid methacrylic acid: RN given refers to parent cpd. methacrylic acid : An alpha,beta-unsaturated monocarboxylic acid that is acrylic acid in which the hydrogen at position 2 is substituted by a methyl group.	2.25	1	0	alpha,beta-unsaturated monocarboxylic acid
methadone Methadone: A synthetic opioid that is used as the hydrochloride. It is an opioid analgesic that is primarily a mu-opioid agonist. It has actions and uses similar to those of MORPHINE. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p1082-3). methadone : A racemate comprising equimolar amounts of dextromethadone and levomethadone. It is a opioid analgesic which is used as a painkiller and as a substitute for heroin in the treatment of heroin addiction.. 6-(dimethylamino)-4,4-diphenylheptan-3-one : A ketone that is heptan-3-one substituted by a dimethylamino group at position 6 and two phenyl groups at position 4.	6.24	5	2	benzenes; diarylmethane; ketone; tertiary amino compound
methamidophos methamidophos: structure. methamidophos : An organic thiophosphate resulting from the N-deacylation of the proinsecticide acephate.	2.44	2	0	organic thiophosphate; organothiophosphate insecticide; phosphoramide	acaricide; agrochemical; avicide
methazolamide Methazolamide: A carbonic anhydrase inhibitor that is used as a diuretic and in the treatment of glaucoma.	2.02	1	0	sulfonamide; thiadiazoles
methiothepin Methiothepin: A serotonin receptor antagonist in the CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM used as an antipsychotic.. methiothepin : A dibenzothiepine that is 10,11-dihydrodibenzo[b,f]thiepine bearing additional methylthio and 4-methylpiperazin-1-yl substituents at positions 8 and 10 respectively. Potent 5-HT2 antagonist, also active as 5-HT1 antagonist. Differentiates 5-HT1D sub-types. Also displays affinity for rodent 5-HT5B, 5-HT5A, 5-HT7 and 5-HT6 receptors (pK1 values are 6.6, 7.0, 8.4 and 8.7 respectively).	3.25	6	0	aryl sulfide; dibenzothiepine; N-alkylpiperazine; tertiary amino compound	antipsychotic agent; dopaminergic antagonist; geroprotector; serotonergic antagonist
methoctramine [no description available]	2.02	1	0	aromatic ether; tetramine	muscarinic antagonist
methoxsalen Methoxsalen: A naturally occurring furocoumarin compound found in several species of plants, including Psoralea corylifolia. It is a photoactive substance that forms DNA ADDUCTS in the presence of ultraviolet A irradiation.. methoxsalen : A member of the class of psoralens that is 7H-furo[3,2-g]chromen-7-one in which the 9 position is substituted by a methoxy group. It is a constituent of the fruits of Ammi majus. Like other psoralens, trioxsalen causes photosensitization of the skin. It is administered topically or orally in conjunction with UV-A for phototherapy treatment of vitiligo and severe psoriasis.	2.05	1	0	aromatic ether; psoralens	antineoplastic agent; cross-linking reagent; dermatologic drug; photosensitizing agent; plant metabolite
methoxychlor Methoxychlor: An insecticide. Methoxychlor has estrogenic effects in mammals, among other effects.	2.44	2	0	organochlorine insecticide
methoxyflurane Methoxyflurane: An inhalation anesthetic. Currently, methoxyflurane is rarely used for surgical, obstetric, or dental anesthesia. If so employed, it should be administered with NITROUS OXIDE to achieve a relatively light level of anesthesia, and a neuromuscular blocking agent given concurrently to obtain the desired degree of muscular relaxation. (From AMA Drug Evaluations Annual, 1994, p180). methoxyflurane : An ether in which the two groups attached to the central oxygen atom are methyl and 2,2-dichloro-1,1-difluoroethyl.	2.05	1	0	ether; organochlorine compound; organofluorine compound	hepatotoxic agent; inhalation anaesthetic; nephrotoxic agent; non-narcotic analgesic
methoxyphenamine methoxyphenamine: structure. methoxyphenamine : An amphetamine methylated on nitrogen and with the phenyl ring methoxylated at C-2. A beta-adrenergic receptor agonist, it is used as a bronchodilator.	1.98	1	0	amphetamines	beta-adrenergic agonist; bronchodilator agent
nocodazole [no description available]	4.03	14	0	aromatic ketone; benzimidazoles; carbamate ester; thiophenes	antimitotic; antineoplastic agent; microtubule-destabilising agent; tubulin modulator
methyl salicylate methyl salicylate: used in over-the-counter liniments, ointments, lotions for relief of musculoskeletal aches and pains; has hemolytic effect on human & sheep erythrocytes; RN given refers to parent cpd; structure in Merck Index, 9th ed, #5990. methyl salicylate : A benzoate ester that is the methyl ester of salicylic acid.	2.73	3	0	benzoate ester; methyl ester; salicylates	flavouring agent; insect attractant; metabolite
methyl methanesulfonate [no description available]	2.93	4	0	methanesulfonate ester	alkylating agent; apoptosis inducer; carcinogenic agent; genotoxin; mutagen
methylphenidate Methylphenidate: A central nervous system stimulant used most commonly in the treatment of ATTENTION DEFICIT DISORDER in children and for NARCOLEPSY. Its mechanisms appear to be similar to those of DEXTROAMPHETAMINE. The d-isomer of this drug is referred to as DEXMETHYLPHENIDATE HYDROCHLORIDE.. methylphenidate : A racemate comprising equimolar amounts of the two threo isomers of methyl phenyl(piperidin-2-yl)acetate. A central stimulant and indirect-acting sympathomimetic, is used (generally as the hydrochloride salt) in the treatment of hyperactivity disorders in children and for the treatment of narcolepsy.. methyl phenyl(piperidin-2-yl)acetate : A amino acid ester that is methyl phenylacetate in which one of the hydrogens alpha to the carbonyl group is replaced by a piperidin-2-yl group.	7.69	17	1	beta-amino acid ester; methyl ester; piperidines
methyprylon methyprylon: was heading 1973-94 (see under HYPNOTICS AND SEDATIVES 1963-72); use PIPERIDONES to search METHYPRYLON 1973-94	2.05	1	0	organic molecular entity
metoclopramide Metoclopramide: A dopamine D2 antagonist that is used as an antiemetic.. metoclopramide : A member of the class of benzamides resulting from the formal condensation of 4-amino-5-chloro-2-methoxybenzoic acid with the primary amino group of N,N-diethylethane-1,2-diamine.	2.53	2	0	benzamides; monochlorobenzenes; substituted aniline; tertiary amino compound	antiemetic; dopaminergic antagonist; environmental contaminant; gastrointestinal drug; xenobiotic
metoprolol Metoprolol: A selective adrenergic beta-1 blocking agent that is commonly used to treat ANGINA PECTORIS; HYPERTENSION; and CARDIAC ARRHYTHMIAS.. metoprolol : A propanolamine that is 1-(propan-2-ylamino)propan-2-ol substituted by a 4-(2-methoxyethyl)phenoxy group at position 1.	3.14	5	0	aromatic ether; propanolamine; secondary alcohol; secondary amino compound	antihypertensive agent; beta-adrenergic antagonist; environmental contaminant; geroprotector; xenobiotic
metronidazole Metronidazole: A nitroimidazole used to treat AMEBIASIS; VAGINITIS; TRICHOMONAS INFECTIONS; GIARDIASIS; ANAEROBIC BACTERIA; and TREPONEMAL INFECTIONS.. metronidazole : A member of the class of imidazoles substituted at C-1, -2 and -5 with 2-hydroxyethyl, nitro and methyl groups respectively. It has activity against anaerobic bacteria and protozoa, and has a radiosensitising effect on hypoxic tumour cells. It may be given by mouth in tablets, or as the benzoate in an oral suspension. The hydrochloride salt can be used in intravenous infusions. Metronidazole is a prodrug and is selective for anaerobic bacteria due to their ability to intracellularly reduce the nitro group of metronidazole to give nitroso-containing intermediates. These can covalently bind to DNA, disrupting its helical structure, inducing DNA strand breaks and inhibiting bacterial nucleic acid synthesis, ultimately resulting in bacterial cell death.	2.05	1	0	C-nitro compound; imidazoles; primary alcohol	antiamoebic agent; antibacterial drug; antimicrobial agent; antiparasitic agent; antitrichomonal drug; environmental contaminant; prodrug; radiosensitizing agent; xenobiotic
metyrapone Metyrapone: An inhibitor of the enzyme STEROID 11-BETA-MONOOXYGENASE. It is used as a test of the feedback hypothalamic-pituitary mechanism in the diagnosis of CUSHING SYNDROME.. metyrapone : An aromatic ketone that is 3,3-dimethylbutan-2-one in which the methyl groups at positions 1 and 4 are replaced by pyridin-3-yl groups. A steroid 11beta-monooxygenase (EC 1.14.15.4) inhibitor, it is used in the diagnosis of adrenal insufficiency.	3.28	6	0	aromatic ketone	antimetabolite; diagnostic agent; EC 1.14.15.4 (steroid 11beta-monooxygenase) inhibitor
mexiletine Mexiletine: Antiarrhythmic agent pharmacologically similar to LIDOCAINE. It may have some anticonvulsant properties.. mexiletine : An aromatic ether which is 2,6-dimethylphenyl ether of 2-aminopropan-1-ol.	2	1	0	aromatic ether; primary amino compound	anti-arrhythmia drug
mianserin Mianserin: A tetracyclic compound with antidepressant effects. It may cause drowsiness and hematological problems. Its mechanism of therapeutic action is not well understood, although it apparently blocks alpha-adrenergic, histamine H1, and some types of serotonin receptors.. mianserin : A dibenzoazepine (specifically 1,2,3,4,10,14b-hexahydrodibenzo[c,f]pyrazino[1,2-a]azepine) methyl-substituted on N-2. Closely related to (and now mostly superseded by) the tetracyclic antidepressant mirtazapinean, it is an atypical antidepressant used in the treatment of depression throughout Europe and elsewhere.	2.93	4	0	dibenzoazepine	adrenergic uptake inhibitor; alpha-adrenergic antagonist; antidepressant; EC 3.4.21.26 (prolyl oligopeptidase) inhibitor; geroprotector; H1-receptor antagonist; histamine agonist; sedative; serotonergic antagonist
miconazole Miconazole: An imidazole antifungal agent that is used topically and by intravenous infusion.. 1-[2-(2,4-dichlorobenzyloxy)-2-(2,4-dichlorophenyl)ethyl]imidazole : A member of the class of imidazoles that is 1-(2,4-dichlorophenyl)-2-(imidazol-1-yl)ethanol in which the hydroxyl hydrogen is replaced by a 2,4-dichlorobenzyl group.. miconazole : A racemate composed of equimolar amounts of (R)- and (S)-miconazole. Used (as its nitrate salt) to treat skin infections such as athlete's foot, jock itch, ringworm and other fungal skin infections. It inhibits the synthesis of ergosterol, a critical component of fungal cell membranes.	2.72	3	0	dichlorobenzene; ether; imidazoles
midazolam Midazolam: A short-acting hypnotic-sedative drug with anxiolytic and amnestic properties. It is used in dentistry, cardiac surgery, endoscopic procedures, as preanesthetic medication, and as an adjunct to local anesthesia. The short duration and cardiorespiratory stability makes it useful in poor-risk, elderly, and cardiac patients. It is water-soluble at pH less than 4 and lipid-soluble at physiological pH.. midazolam : An imidazobenzodiazepine that is 4H-imidazo[1,5-a][1,4]benzodiazepine which is substituted by a methyl, 2-fluorophenyl and chloro groups at positions 1, 6 and 8, respectively.	7.09	14	2	imidazobenzodiazepine; monofluorobenzenes; organochlorine compound	anticonvulsant; antineoplastic agent; anxiolytic drug; apoptosis inducer; central nervous system depressant; GABAA receptor agonist; general anaesthetic; muscle relaxant; sedative
minoxidil Minoxidil: A potent direct-acting peripheral vasodilator (VASODILATOR AGENTS) that reduces peripheral resistance and produces a fall in BLOOD PRESSURE. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p371). minoxidil : A pyrimidine N-oxide that is pyrimidine-2,4-diamine 3-oxide substituted by a piperidin-1-yl group at position 6.	2.52	2	0	dialkylarylamine; tertiary amino compound
mirtazapine Mirtazapine: A piperazinoazepine tetracyclic compound that enhances the release of NOREPINEPHRINE and SEROTONIN through blockage of presynaptic ALPHA-2 ADRENERGIC RECEPTORS. It also blocks both 5-HT2 and 5-HT3 serotonin receptors and is a potent HISTAMINE H1 RECEPTOR antagonist. It is used for the treatment of depression, and may also be useful for the treatment of anxiety disorders.	2.52	2	0	benzazepine; tetracyclic antidepressant	alpha-adrenergic antagonist; anxiolytic drug; H1-receptor antagonist; histamine antagonist; oneirogen; serotonergic antagonist
mitotane Mitotane: A derivative of the insecticide DICHLORODIPHENYLDICHLOROETHANE that specifically inhibits cells of the adrenal cortex and their production of hormones. It is used to treat adrenocortical tumors and causes CNS damage, but no bone marrow depression.	2.05	1	0	diarylmethane
mitoxantrone Mitoxantrone: An anthracenedione-derived antineoplastic agent.. mitoxantrone : A dihydroxyanthraquinone that is 1,4-dihydroxy-9,10-anthraquinone which is substituted by 6-hydroxy-1,4-diazahexyl groups at positions 5 and 8.	2.5	2	0	dihydroxyanthraquinone	analgesic; antineoplastic agent
moclobemide Moclobemide: A reversible inhibitor of monoamine oxidase type A; (RIMA); (see MONOAMINE OXIDASE INHIBITORS) that has antidepressive properties.. moclobemide : A member of the class of benzamides that is benzamide substituted by a chloro group at position 4 and a 2-(morpholin-4-yl)ethyl group at the nitrogen atom. It acts as a reversible monoamine oxidase inhibitor and is used in the treatment of depression.	2.03	1	0	benzamides; monochlorobenzenes; morpholines	antidepressant; environmental contaminant; xenobiotic
modafinil Modafinil: A benzhydryl acetamide compound, central nervous system stimulant, and CYP3A4 inducing agent that is used in the treatment of NARCOLEPSY and SLEEP WAKE DISORDERS.. modafinil : A racemate comprising equimolar amounts of armodafinil and (S)-modafinil. A central nervous system stimulant, it is used for the treatment of sleeping disorders such as narcolepsy, obstructive sleep apnoea, and shift-work sleep disorder. The optical enantiomers of modafinil have similar pharmacological actions in animals.. 2-[(diphenylmethyl)sulfinyl]acetamide : A sulfoxide that is dimethylsulfoxide in which two hydrogens attached to one of the methyl groups are replaced by phenyl groups, while one hydrogen attached to the other methyl group is replaced by a carbamoyl (aminocarbonyl) group.	3.97	13	0	monocarboxylic acid amide; sulfoxide
molsidomine Molsidomine: A morpholinyl sydnone imine ethyl ester, having a nitrogen in place of the keto oxygen. It acts as NITRIC OXIDE DONORS and is a vasodilator that has been used in ANGINA PECTORIS.. molsidomine : A member of the class of oxadiazoles that is 1,2,3-oxadiazole substituted by morpholin-4-yl and (ethoxycarbonyl)azanidyl groups at positions 3 and 5, respectively. It is used as a vasodilator drug for the treatment of myocardial ischemic syndrome and congestive heart failure.	4.49	23	0	ethyl ester; morpholines; oxadiazole; zwitterion	antioxidant; apoptosis inhibitor; cardioprotective agent; nitric oxide donor; vasodilator agent
monodansylcadaverine monodansylcadaverine: inhibits cross linkage of fibrin. monodansylcadaverine : A sulfonamide obtained by formal condensation of the sulfo group of 5-(dimethylamino)naphthalene-1-sulfonic acid with one of the amino groups of cadaverine.	2.4	2	0	aminonaphthalene; primary amino compound; sulfonamide; tertiary amino compound	EC 2.3.2.13 (protein-glutamine gamma-glutamyltransferase) inhibitor; fluorochrome; protective agent
moxisylyte Moxisylyte: An alpha-adrenergic blocking agent that is used in Raynaud's disease. It is also used locally in the eye to reverse the mydriasis caused by phenylephrine and other sympathomimetic agents. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p1312)	2.05	1	0	monoterpenoid
muscimol Muscimol: A neurotoxic isoxazole isolated from species of AMANITA. It is obtained by decarboxylation of IBOTENIC ACID. Muscimol is a potent agonist of GABA-A RECEPTORS and is used mainly as an experimental tool in animal and tissue studies.. muscimol : A member of the class of isoxazoles that is 1,2-oxazol-3(2H)-one substituted by an aminomethyl group at position 5. It has been isolated from mushrooms of the genus Amanita.	12.48	159	0	alkaloid; isoxazoles; primary amino compound	fungal metabolite; GABA agonist; oneirogen; psychotropic drug
n(1), n(12)-diethylspermine N(1), N(12)-diethylspermine: structure in first source. N(1),N(12)-diethylspermine : A substituted spermine that is spermine in which a hydrogen attached to each of the primary amino groups has been replaced by an ethyl group.	1.99	1	0	polyazaalkane; secondary amino compound; substituted spermine; tetramine	antineoplastic agent
deet N,N-diethyl-m-toluamide : A monocarboxylic acid amide resulting from the formal condensation of the carboxy group of m-toluic acid with the nitrogen of diethylamine. First developed by the U.S. Army in 1946 for use by military personnel in insect-infested areas, it is the most widely used insect repellent worldwide.	2.05	1	0	benzamides; monocarboxylic acid amide	environmental contaminant; insect repellent; xenobiotic
1-(3-trifluoromethylphenyl)piperazine 1-(3-trifluoromethylphenyl)piperazine: acts as serotonin agonist; structure. 1-(3-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl)piperazine : A N-arylpiperazine that is piperazine substituted by a 3-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl group at position 1. A serotonergic agonist used as a recreational drug.	2.67	3	0	(trifluoromethyl)benzenes; N-arylpiperazine	environmental contaminant; psychotropic drug; serotonergic agonist; xenobiotic
ethylmaleimide Ethylmaleimide: A sulfhydryl reagent that is widely used in experimental biochemical studies.	5.03	41	0	maleimides	anticoronaviral agent; EC 1.3.1.8 [acyl-CoA dehydrogenase (NADP(+))] inhibitor; EC 2.1.1.122 [(S)-tetrahydroprotoberberine N-methyltransferase] inhibitor; EC 2.7.1.1 (hexokinase) inhibitor
fg 7142 FG 7142: benzodiazepine receptor agonist	2.69	3	0	beta-carbolines
n-methyl-dl-aspartic acid [no description available]	2.31	1	0	aspartic acid derivative
clorgyline Clorgyline: An antidepressive agent and monoamine oxidase inhibitor related to PARGYLINE.. clorgyline : An aromatic ether that is the 2,4-dichlorophenyl ether of 3-aminopropan-1-ol in which the nitrogen is substituted by a methyl group and a prop-1-yn-3-yl group. A monoamine oxidase inhibitor, it was formerly used as an antidepressant.	3.26	6	0	aromatic ether; dichlorobenzene; terminal acetylenic compound; tertiary amino compound	antidepressant; EC 1.4.3.4 (monoamine oxidase) inhibitor
apnea Apnea: A transient absence of spontaneous respiration.	6.02	21	0	purine nucleoside
nabumetone Nabumetone: A butanone non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug and cyclooxygenase-2 (COX2) inhibitor that is used in the management of pain associated with OSTEOARTHRITIS and RHEUMATOID ARTHRITIS.. nabumetone : A methyl ketone that is 2-butanone in which one of the methyl hydrogens at position 4 is replaced by a 6-methoxy-2-naphthyl group. A prodrug that is converted to the active metabolite, 6-methoxy-2-naphthylacetic acid, following oral administration. It is shown to have a slightly lower risk of gastrointestinal side effects than most other non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs.	2.05	1	0	methoxynaphthalene; methyl ketone	cyclooxygenase 2 inhibitor; non-narcotic analgesic; non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug; prodrug
nafamostat nafamostat: inhibitor of trypsin, plasmin, pancreatic kallikrein, plasma kallikrein & thrombin; strongly inhibits esterolytic activities of C1r & C1 esterase complement-mediated hemolysis; antineoplastic	2.07	1	0	benzoic acids; guanidines
nalidixic acid [no description available]	2.71	3	0	1,8-naphthyridine derivative; monocarboxylic acid; quinolone antibiotic	antibacterial drug; antimicrobial agent; DNA synthesis inhibitor
nan 190 1-(2-methoxyphenyl)-4-(4-(2-phthalimido)butyl)piperazine: RN from Toxlit. NAN 190 : An N-alkylpiperazine that consists of (2-methoxyphenyl)piperazine in which the amine hydrogen is substituted by a 4-(2-phthalimido)butyl group.	2.93	4	0	N-alkylpiperazine; N-arylpiperazine; phthalimides	serotonergic antagonist
activins Activins: Activins are produced in the pituitary, gonads, and other tissues. By acting locally, they stimulate pituitary FSH secretion and have diverse effects on cell differentiation and embryonic development. Activins are glycoproteins that are hetero- or homodimers of INHIBIN-BETA SUBUNITS.	2.44	2	0
naratriptan naratriptan: structure given in first source	2.44	2	0	heteroarylpiperidine; sulfonamide; tryptamines	serotonergic agonist; vasoconstrictor agent
nefazodone nefazodone: may be useful as an opiate adjunct	2.05	1	0	aromatic ether; monochlorobenzenes; N-alkylpiperazine; N-arylpiperazine; triazoles	alpha-adrenergic antagonist; analgesic; antidepressant; serotonergic antagonist; serotonin uptake inhibitor
nefopam Nefopam: Non-narcotic analgesic chemically similar to ORPHENADRINE. Its mechanism of action is unclear. It is used for the relief of acute and chronic pain. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p26). nefopam : A racemate comprising equal amounts of (R)- and (S)-nefopam. The hydrochloride is a centrally acting non-opiate analgesic commonly used for the treatment of moderate to severe pain.. 5-methyl-1-phenyl-3,4,5,6-tetrahydro-1H-2,5-benzoxazocine : A member of the class of benzoxazocines that is 3,4,5,6-tetrahydro-1H-2,5-benzoxazocine substituted by phenyl and methyl groups at positions 1 and 5 respectively.	2.96	4	0	benzoxazocine; tertiary amino compound
neostigmine Neostigmine: A cholinesterase inhibitor used in the treatment of myasthenia gravis and to reverse the effects of muscle relaxants such as gallamine and tubocurarine. Neostigmine, unlike PHYSOSTIGMINE, does not cross the blood-brain barrier.. neostigmine : A quaternary ammonium ion comprising an anilinium ion core having three methyl substituents on the aniline nitrogen, and a 3-[(dimethylcarbamoyl)oxy] substituent at position 3. It is a parasympathomimetic which acts as a reversible acetylcholinesterase inhibitor.	3.08	5	0	quaternary ammonium ion	antidote to curare poisoning; EC 3.1.1.7 (acetylcholinesterase) inhibitor
nevirapine Nevirapine: A potent, non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor used in combination with nucleoside analogues for treatment of HIV INFECTIONS and AIDS.. nevirapine : A dipyridodiazepine that is 5,11-dihydro-6H-dipyrido[3,2-b:2',3'-e][1,4]diazepine which is substituted by methyl, oxo, and cyclopropyl groups at positions 4, 6, and 11, respectively. A non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor with activity against HIV-1, it is used in combination with other antiretrovirals for the treatment of HIV infection.	2.05	1	0	cyclopropanes; dipyridodiazepine	antiviral drug; HIV-1 reverse transcriptase inhibitor
nialamide Nialamide: An MAO inhibitor that is used as an antidepressive agent.	2.05	1	0	organonitrogen compound; organooxygen compound
nicardipine Nicardipine: A potent calcium channel blockader with marked vasodilator action. It has antihypertensive properties and is effective in the treatment of angina and coronary spasms without showing cardiodepressant effects. It has also been used in the treatment of asthma and enhances the action of specific antineoplastic agents.. nicardipine : A racemate comprising equimolar amounts of (R)- and (S)-nicardipine. It is a calcium channel blocker which is used to treat hypertension.. 2-[benzyl(methyl)amino]ethyl methyl 2,6-dimethyl-4-(3-nitrophenyl)-1,4-dihydropyridine-3,5-dicarboxylate : A dihydropyridine that is 1,4-dihydropyridine substituted by a methyl, {2-[benzyl(methyl)amino]ethoxy}carbonyl, 3-nitrophenyl, methoxycarbonyl and methyl groups at positions 2, 3, 4, 5 and 6, respectively.	3.5	8	0	benzenes; C-nitro compound; diester; dihydropyridine; methyl ester; tertiary amino compound
niceritrol Niceritrol: An ester of nicotinic acid that lowers cholesterol and triglycerides in total plasma and in the VLD- and LD-lipoprotein fractions.	2.05	1	0	organic molecular entity
nifedipine Nifedipine: A potent vasodilator agent with calcium antagonistic action. It is a useful anti-anginal agent that also lowers blood pressure.	5.5	65	0	C-nitro compound; dihydropyridine; methyl ester	calcium channel blocker; human metabolite; tocolytic agent; vasodilator agent
niflumic acid Niflumic Acid: An analgesic and anti-inflammatory agent used in the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis.	3.88	12	0	aromatic carboxylic acid; pyridines
nilutamide [no description available]	2.05	1	0	(trifluoromethyl)benzenes; C-nitro compound; imidazolidinone	androgen antagonist; antineoplastic agent
nilvadipine [no description available]	2.01	1	0	dihydropyridine; isopropyl ester; methyl ester; nitrile
nimesulide nimesulide: structure. nimesulide : An aromatic ether having phenyl and 2-methylsulfonamido-5-nitrophenyl as the two aryl groups.	2.73	3	0	aromatic ether; C-nitro compound; sulfonamide	cyclooxygenase 2 inhibitor; non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug
nimodipine Nimodipine: A calcium channel blockader with preferential cerebrovascular activity. It has marked cerebrovascular dilating effects and lowers blood pressure.. nimodipine : A dihydropyridine that is 1,4-dihydropyridine which is substituted by methyl groups at positions 2 and 6, a (2-methoxyethoxy)carbonyl group at position 3, a m-nitrophenyl group at position 4, and an isopropoxycarbonyl group at position 5. An L-type calcium channel blocker, it acts particularly on cerebral circulation, and is used both orally and intravenously for the prevention and treatment of subarachnoid hemorrhage from ruptured intracranial aneurysm.	5.74	27	0	2-methoxyethyl ester; C-nitro compound; dicarboxylic acids and O-substituted derivatives; diester; dihydropyridine; isopropyl ester	antihypertensive agent; calcium channel blocker; cardiovascular drug; vasodilator agent
nipecotic acid nipecotic acid: RN given refers to cpd without isomeric designation. nipecotic acid : A piperidinemonocarboxylic acid that is piperidine in which one of the hydrogens at position 3 is substituted by a carboxylic acid group.	3.71	10	0	beta-amino acid; piperidinemonocarboxylic acid
nisoldipine Nisoldipine: A dihydropyridine calcium channel antagonist that acts as a potent arterial vasodilator and antihypertensive agent. It is also effective in patients with cardiac failure and angina.. nisoldipine : A racemate consisting of equimolar amounts of (R)- and (S)-nisoldipine. A calcium channel blocker, it is used in the treatment of hypertension and angina pectoris.. methyl 2-methylpropyl 2,6-dimethyl-4-(2-nitrophenyl)-1,4-dihydropyridine-3,5-dicarboxylate : A dihydropyridine that is 1,4-dihydropyridine which is substituted by methyl groups at positions 2 and 6, a methoxycarbonyl group at position 3, an o-nitrophenyl group at position 4, and an isobutoxycarbonyl group at position 5. The racemate, a calcium channel blocker, is used in the treatment of hypertension and angina pectoris.	2.05	1	0	C-nitro compound; dicarboxylic acids and O-substituted derivatives; diester; dihydropyridine; methyl ester
nisoxetine nisoxetine: potent inhibitor for norepinephrine uptake into rat brain synaptosomes & brain; NM refers to (+-)-isomer; RN given refers to parent cpd; structure. nisoxetine : A secondary amino compound that is N-methyl-3-phenylpropan-1-amine substituted at position 3 by a 2-methoxyphenoxy group.	2.42	2	0	aromatic ether; secondary amino compound	adrenergic uptake inhibitor; antidepressant
nitr 5 nitr 5: photosensitive Ca++ chelator; structure given in first source	2.39	2	0
nitrazepam Nitrazepam: A benzodiazepine derivative used as an anticonvulsant and hypnotic.. nitrazepam : A 1,4-benzodiazepinone that is 1,3-dihydro-2H-1,4-benzodiazepin-2-one which is substituted at positions 5 and 7 by phenyl and nitro groups, respectively. It is used as a hypnotic for the short-term management of insomnia and for the treatment of epileptic spasms in infants (West's syndrome).	2.05	1	0	1,4-benzodiazepinone; C-nitro compound	anticonvulsant; antispasmodic drug; drug metabolite; GABA modulator; sedative
nitrendipine Nitrendipine: A calcium channel blocker with marked vasodilator action. It is an effective antihypertensive agent and differs from other calcium channel blockers in that it does not reduce glomerular filtration rate and is mildly natriuretic, rather than sodium retentive.. nitrendipine : A dihydropyridine that is 1,4-dihydropyridine substituted by methyl groups at positions 2 and 6, a 3-nitrophenyl group at position 4, a ethoxycarbonyl group at position 3 and a methoxycarbonyl group at position 5. It is a calcium-channel blocker used in the treatment of hypertension.	4.97	12	0	C-nitro compound; dicarboxylic acids and O-substituted derivatives; diester; dihydropyridine; ethyl ester; methyl ester	antihypertensive agent; calcium channel blocker; geroprotector; vasodilator agent
nitroglycerin Nitroglycerin: A volatile vasodilator which relieves ANGINA PECTORIS by stimulating GUANYLATE CYCLASE and lowering cytosolic calcium. It is also sometimes used for TOCOLYSIS and explosives.. nitroglycerol : A nitrate ester that is glycerol in which nitro group(s) replace the hydrogen(s) attached to one or more of the hydroxy groups.. nitroglycerin : A nitroglycerol that is glycerol in which the hydrogen atoms of all three hydroxy groups are replaced by nitro groups. It acts as a prodrug, releasing nitric oxide to open blood vessels and so alleviate heart pain.	4.94	8	0	nitroglycerol	explosive; muscle relaxant; nitric oxide donor; prodrug; tocolytic agent; vasodilator agent; xenobiotic
nizatidine [no description available]	2.05	1	0	1,3-thiazoles; C-nitro compound; carboxamidine; organic sulfide; tertiary amino compound	anti-ulcer drug; cholinergic drug; H2-receptor antagonist
nizofenone nizofenone: protects experimental mice & rats against cerebral anoxia	1.98	1	0	benzophenones
no 711 [no description available]	2.08	1	0	diarylmethane
nomifensine Nomifensine: An isoquinoline derivative that prevents dopamine reuptake into synaptosomes. The maleate was formerly used in the treatment of depression. It was withdrawn worldwide in 1986 due to the risk of acute hemolytic anemia with intravascular hemolysis resulting from its use. In some cases, renal failure also developed. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p266). nomifensine : An N-methylated tetrahydroisoquinoline carrying phenyl and amino substituents at positions C-4 and C-8, respectively.	4.07	15	0	isoquinolines	dopamine uptake inhibitor
masoprocol nordihydroguaretic acid: antioxidant compound found in the creosote bush (Larrea tridentata)	2.05	1	0	catechols; lignan; tetrol	antioxidant; ferroptosis inhibitor; geroprotector; plant metabolite
norfloxacin Norfloxacin: A synthetic fluoroquinolone (FLUOROQUINOLONES) with broad-spectrum antibacterial activity against most gram-negative and gram-positive bacteria. Norfloxacin inhibits bacterial DNA GYRASE.. norfloxacin : A quinolinemonocarboxylic acid with broad-spectrum antibacterial activity against most gram-negative and gram-positive bacteria. Norfloxacin is bactericidal and its mode of action depends on blocking of bacterial DNA replication by binding itself to an enzyme called DNA gyrase.	3.27	6	0	fluoroquinolone antibiotic; N-arylpiperazine; quinolinemonocarboxylic acid; quinolone antibiotic; quinolone	antibacterial drug; DNA synthesis inhibitor; environmental contaminant; xenobiotic
norfluoxetine norfluoxetine: metabolite of fluoxetine; RN given refers to parent cpd without isomeric designation	2.05	1	0	(trifluoromethyl)benzenes
nortriptyline Nortriptyline: A metabolite of AMITRIPTYLINE that is also used as an antidepressive agent. Nortriptyline is used in major depression, dysthymia, and atypical depressions.. nortriptyline : An organic tricyclic compound that is 10,11-dihydro-5H-dibenzo[a,d][7]annulene substituted by a 3-(methylamino)propylidene group at position 5. It is an active metabolite of amitriptyline.	2.05	1	0	organic tricyclic compound; secondary amine	adrenergic uptake inhibitor; analgesic; antidepressant; antineoplastic agent; apoptosis inducer; drug metabolite
5-nitro-2-(3-phenylpropylamino)benzoic acid 5-nitro-2-(3-phenylpropylamino)benzoic acid: structure given in first source; chloride channel antagonist	5.19	15	0	nitrobenzoic acid
ns 1619 NS 1619: structure given in first source. NS 1619 : A member of the class of benzimidazoles that is 1,3-dihydro-2H-benzimidazol-2-one in which the hydrogens at positions 1 and 5 are replaced are replaced by 2-hydroxy-5-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl and trifluoromethyl groups, respectively. It is an opener/activator of the large-conductance calcium-activated potassium channel (Bkca).	3.15	5	0	(trifluoromethyl)benzenes; benzimidazoles; phenols	potassium channel opener
n-(2-cyclohexyloxy-4-nitrophenyl)methanesulfonamide N-(2-cyclohexyloxy-4-nitrophenyl)methanesulfonamide: structure given in first source. NS-398 : A C-nitro compound that is N-methylsulfonyl-4-nitroaniline bearing an additional cyclohexyloxy substituent at position 2.	3.13	5	0	aromatic ether; C-nitro compound; sulfonamide	antineoplastic agent; cyclooxygenase 2 inhibitor
o(6)-benzylguanine O(6)-benzylguanine: a suicide inhibitor of O(6)-methylguanine-DNA methyltransferase activity	1.99	1	0
octopamine Octopamine: An alpha-adrenergic sympathomimetic amine, biosynthesized from tyramine in the CNS and platelets and also in invertebrate nervous systems. It is used to treat hypotension and as a cardiotonic. The natural D(-) form is more potent than the L(+) form in producing cardiovascular adrenergic responses. It is also a neurotransmitter in some invertebrates.. octopamine : A member of the class of phenylethanolamines that is phenol which is substituted at the para- position by a 2-amino-1-hydroxyethyl group. A biogenic phenylethanolamine which has been found to act as a neurotransmitter, neurohormone or neuromodulator in invertebrates.	4.13	16	0	phenylethanolamines; tyramines	neurotransmitter
ofloxacin Ofloxacin: A synthetic fluoroquinolone antibacterial agent that inhibits the supercoiling activity of bacterial DNA GYRASE, halting DNA REPLICATION.. 9-fluoro-3-methyl-10-(4-methylpiperazin-1-yl)-7-oxo-2,3-dihydro-7H-[1,4]oxazino[2,3,4-ij]quinoline-6-carboxylic acid : An oxazinoquinoline that is 2,3-dihydro-7H-[1,4]oxazino[2,3,4-ij]quinolin-7-one substituted by methyl, carboxy, fluoro, and 4-methylpiperazin-1-yl groups at positions 3, 6, 9, and 10, respectively.. ofloxacin : A racemate comprising equimolar amounts of levofloxacin and dextrofloxacin. It is a synthetic fluoroquinolone antibacterial agent which inhibits the supercoiling activity of bacterial DNA gyrase, halting DNA replication.	2	1	0	3-oxo monocarboxylic acid; N-arylpiperazine; N-methylpiperazine; organofluorine compound; oxazinoquinoline
olomoucine olomoucine: inhibits protein P34CDC2. olomoucine : A 9H-purine that is substituted by a (2-hydroxyethyl)nitrilo, benzylnitrilo and a methyl group at positions 2,6 and 9, respectively. It is a cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor.	2.01	1	0	2,6-diaminopurines; ethanolamines	EC 2.7.11.22 (cyclin-dependent kinase) inhibitor
olprinone olprinone: RN refers to HCl; structure given in first source	2.04	1	0	bipyridines
omeprazole Omeprazole: A 4-methoxy-3,5-dimethylpyridyl, 5-methoxybenzimidazole derivative of timoprazole that is used in the therapy of STOMACH ULCERS and ZOLLINGER-ELLISON SYNDROME. The drug inhibits an H(+)-K(+)-EXCHANGING ATPASE which is found in GASTRIC PARIETAL CELLS.. omeprazole : A racemate comprising equimolar amounts of (R)- and (S)-omeprazole.. 5-methoxy-2-{[(4-methoxy-3,5-dimethylpyridin-2-yl)methyl]sulfinyl}-1H-benzimidazole : A member of the class of benzimidazoles that is 1H-benzimidazole which is substituted by a [4-methoxy-3,5-dimethylpyridin-2-yl)methyl]sulfinyl group at position 2 and a methoxy group at position 5.	2.46	2	0	aromatic ether; benzimidazoles; pyridines; sulfoxide
ondansetron Ondansetron: A competitive serotonin type 3 receptor antagonist. It is effective in the treatment of nausea and vomiting caused by cytotoxic chemotherapy drugs, including cisplatin, and has reported anxiolytic and neuroleptic properties.	5.05	12	0	carbazoles
orphenadrine Orphenadrine: A muscarinic antagonist used to treat drug-induced parkinsonism and to relieve pain from muscle spasm.. orphenadrine : A tertiary amino compound which is the phenyl-o-tolylmethyl ether of 2-(dimethylamino)ethanol.	2.43	2	0	ether; tertiary amino compound	antidyskinesia agent; antiparkinson drug; H1-receptor antagonist; muscarinic antagonist; muscle relaxant; NMDA receptor antagonist; parasympatholytic
oxamniquine Oxamniquine: An anthelmintic with schistosomicidal activity against Schistosoma mansoni, but not against other Schistosoma spp. Oxamniquine causes worms to shift from the mesenteric veins to the liver where the male worms are retained; the female worms return to the mesentery, but can no longer release eggs. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 31st ed, p121). oxamniquine : A racemate comprising equimolar amounts of (R)- and (S)-oxamniquine. An anthelmintic, it is administered orally for the treatment of schistomiasis caused by Schistosoma mansoni (but not by other Schistosoma species); intramuscular administration is no longer used as it causes severe pain at the injection site.. {2-[(isopropylamino)methyl]-7-nitro-1,2,3,4-tetrahydroquinolin-6-yl}methanol : A member of the class of quinolines that is 1,2,3,4-tetrahydroquinoline which is substituted at positions 2, 6, and 7 by (isopropylamino)methyl, hydroxymethyl, and nitro groups, respectively.	2.05	1	0	aromatic primary alcohol; C-nitro compound; quinolines; secondary amino compound
oxaprozin Oxaprozin: An oxazole-propionic acid derivative, cyclooxygenase inhibitor, and non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug that is used in the treatment of pain and inflammation associated with of OSTEOARTHRITIS; RHEUMATOID ARTHRITIS; and ARTHRITIS, JUVENILE.. oxaprozin : A monocarboxylic acid that is a propionic acid derivative having a 4,5-diphenyl-1,3-oxazol-2-yl substituent at position 3. It is non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug commonly used to relieve the pain and inflammatory responses associated with osteoarthritis and rheumatoid arthritis.	2.05	1	0	1,3-oxazoles; monocarboxylic acid	analgesic; non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug
oxatomide oxatomide: structure; an anti-allergic & an anti-asthmatic. oxatomide : A member of the class of benzimidazoles that is 1,3-dihydro-2H-benzimidazol-2-one substituted by a 3-[4-(diphenylmethyl)piperazin-1-yl]propyl group at position 1. It is an anti-allergic drug.	2	1	0	benzimidazoles; diarylmethane; N-alkylpiperazine	anti-allergic agent; anti-inflammatory agent; geroprotector; H1-receptor antagonist; serotonergic antagonist
oxazepam Oxazepam: A benzodiazepine used in the treatment of anxiety, alcohol withdrawal, and insomnia.. oxazepam : A 1,4-benzodiazepinone that is 1,3-dihydro-2H-1,4-benzodiazepin-2-one substituted by a chloro group at position 7, a hydroxy group at position 3 and phenyl group at position 5.	2.42	2	0	1,4-benzodiazepinone; organochlorine compound	anxiolytic drug; environmental contaminant; xenobiotic
oxethazaine [no description available]	2.05	1	0	amino acid amide
oxidopamine Oxidopamine: A neurotransmitter analogue that depletes noradrenergic stores in nerve endings and induces a reduction of dopamine levels in the brain. Its mechanism of action is related to the production of cytolytic free-radicals.. oxidopamine : A benzenetriol that is phenethylamine in which the hydrogens at positions 2, 4, and 5 on the phenyl ring are replaced by hydroxy groups. It occurs naturally in human urine, but is also produced as a metabolite of the drug DOPA (used for the treatment of Parkinson's disease).	9.24	154	0	benzenetriol; catecholamine; primary amino compound	drug metabolite; human metabolite; neurotoxin
oxiracetam oxiracetam: structure in first source	2.15	1	0	organonitrogen compound; organooxygen compound
oxotremorine m oxotremorine M: structure given in first source	2.48	2	0	quaternary ammonium ion	muscarinic agonist
oxotremorine Oxotremorine: A non-hydrolyzed muscarinic agonist used as a research tool.	4.3	19	0	N-alkylpyrrolidine
oxprenolol Oxprenolol: A beta-adrenergic antagonist used in the treatment of hypertension, angina pectoris, arrhythmias, and anxiety.	2.05	1	0	aromatic ether
oxybenzone oxybenzone : A hydroxybenzophenone that is benzophenone which is substituted at the 2- and 4-positions of one of the benzene rings by hydroxy and methoxy groups respectively.	2.52	2	0	hydroxybenzophenone; monomethoxybenzene	dermatologic drug; environmental contaminant; protective agent; ultraviolet filter; xenobiotic
oxymetazoline Oxymetazoline: A direct acting sympathomimetic used as a vasoconstrictor to relieve nasal congestion. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p1251). oxymetazoline : A member of the class of phenols that is 2,4-dimethylphenol which is substituted at positions 3 and 6 by 4,5-dihydro-1H-imidazol-2-ylmethyl and tert-butyl groups, respectively. A direct-acting sympathomimetic with marked alpha-adrenergic activity, it is a vasoconstrictor that is used (generally as the hydrochloride salt) to relieve nasal congestion.	1.99	1	0	carboxamidine; imidazolines; phenols	alpha-adrenergic agonist; nasal decongestant; sympathomimetic agent; vasoconstrictor agent
oxyphenbutazone Oxyphenbutazone: A non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug. Oxyphenbutazone eyedrops have been used abroad in the management of postoperative ocular inflammation, superficial eye injuries, and episcleritis. (From AMA, Drug Evaluations Annual, 1994, p2000) It had been used by mouth in rheumatic disorders such as ankylosing spondylitis, osteoarthritis, and rheumatoid arthritis but such use is no longer considered justified owing to the risk of severe hematological adverse effects. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p27). oxyphenbutazone : A metabolite of phenylbutazone obtained by hydroxylation at position 4 of one of the phenyl rings. Commonly used (as its hydrate) to treat pain, swelling and stiffness associated with arthritis and gout, it was withdrawn from the market 1984 following association with blood dyscrasis and Stevens-Johnson syndrome.	2.05	1	0	phenols; pyrazolidines	antimicrobial agent; antineoplastic agent; antipyretic; drug metabolite; gout suppressant; non-narcotic analgesic; non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug; xenobiotic metabolite
aminosalicylic acid Aminosalicylic Acid: An antitubercular agent often administered in association with ISONIAZID. The sodium salt of the drug is better tolerated than the free acid.. 4-aminosalicylic acid : An aminobenzoic acid that is salicylic acid substituted by an amino group at position 4.	3.11	5	0	aminobenzoic acid; phenols	antitubercular agent
quinone benzoquinone : The simplest members of the class of benzoquinones, consisting of cyclohexadiene which is substituted by two oxo groups.. 1,4-benzoquinone : The simplest member of the class of 1,4-benzoquinones, obtained by the formal oxidation of hydroquinone to the corresponding diketone. It is a metabolite of benzene.. quinone : Compounds having a fully conjugated cyclic dione structure, such as that of benzoquinones, derived from aromatic compounds by conversion of an even number of -CH= groups into -C(=O)- groups with any necessary rearrangement of double bonds (polycyclic and heterocyclic analogues are included).	3.62	9	0	1,4-benzoquinones	cofactor; human xenobiotic metabolite; mouse metabolite
fenclonine Fenclonine: A selective and irreversible inhibitor of tryptophan hydroxylase, a rate-limiting enzyme in the biosynthesis of serotonin (5-HYDROXYTRYPTAMINE). Fenclonine acts pharmacologically to deplete endogenous levels of serotonin.	3.28	6	0	phenylalanine derivative
p-fluorophenylalanine p-Fluorophenylalanine: 3-(p-Fluorophenyl)-alanine.. 4-fluorophenylalanine : A phenylalanine derivative in which the hydrogen at position 4 on the benzene ring is replaced by a fluoro group.	1.98	1	0	fluoroamino acid; monofluorobenzenes; non-proteinogenic alpha-amino acid; phenylalanine derivative
o-methyltyramine O-methyltyramine: RN given refers to parent cpd. 4-methoxyphenylethylamine : A primary amino compound consisting of ethylamine having a 4-methoxyphenyl substituent at the 2-position.	2.01	1	0	primary amino compound
palmidrol palmidrol: a cannabinoid receptor-inactive eCB-related molecule used as prophylactic in helping to prevent respiratory viral infection. palmitoyl ethanolamide : An N-(long-chain-acyl)ethanolamine that is the ethanolamide of palmitic (hexadecanoic) acid.	4.76	9	0	endocannabinoid; N-(long-chain-acyl)ethanolamine; N-(saturated fatty acyl)ethanolamine	anti-inflammatory drug; anticonvulsant; antihypertensive agent; neuroprotective agent
pantoprazole Pantoprazole: 2-pyridinylmethylsulfinylbenzimidazole proton pump inhibitor that is used in the treatment of GASTROESOPHAGEAL REFLUX and PEPTIC ULCER.. pantoprazole : A member of the class of benzimidazoles that is 1H-benzimidazole substituted by a difluoromethoxy group at position 5 and a [(3,4-dimethoxypyridin-2-yl)methyl]sulfinyl group at position 2.	2.05	1	0	aromatic ether; benzimidazoles; organofluorine compound; pyridines; sulfoxide	anti-ulcer drug; EC 3.6.3.10 (H(+)/K(+)-exchanging ATPase) inhibitor; environmental contaminant; xenobiotic
papaverine Papaverine: An alkaloid found in opium but not closely related to the other opium alkaloids in its structure or pharmacological actions. It is a direct-acting smooth muscle relaxant used in the treatment of impotence and as a vasodilator, especially for cerebral vasodilation. The mechanism of its pharmacological actions is not clear, but it apparently can inhibit phosphodiesterases and it may have direct actions on calcium channels.. papaverine : A benzylisoquinoline alkaloid that is isoquinoline substituted by methoxy groups at positions 6 and 7 and a 3,4-dimethoxybenzyl group at position 1. It has been isolated from Papaver somniferum.	2.67	3	0	benzylisoquinoline alkaloid; dimethoxybenzene; isoquinolines	antispasmodic drug; vasodilator agent
pargyline Pargyline: A monoamine oxidase inhibitor with antihypertensive properties.	3.37	7	0	aromatic amine
pd 153035 4-((3-bromophenyl)amino)-6,7-dimethoxyquinazoline: structure given in first source. PD-153035 : A member of the class of quinazolines carrying a 3-bromophenylamino substituent at position 4 and two methoxy substituents at positions 6 and 7.	2.06	1	0	aromatic amine; aromatic ether; bromobenzenes; quinazolines; secondary amino compound	EC 2.7.10.1 (receptor protein-tyrosine kinase) inhibitor; epidermal growth factor receptor antagonist
pd 98059 2-(2-amino-3-methoxyphenyl)-4H-1-benzopyran-4-one: inhibits MAP kinase kinase (MEK) activity, p42 MAPK and p44 MAPK; structure in first source. 2-(2-amino-3-methoxyphenyl)chromen-4-one : A member of the class of monomethoxyflavones that is 3'-methoxyflavone bearing an additional amino substituent at position 2'.	4.79	31	0	aromatic amine; monomethoxyflavone	EC 2.7.11.24 (mitogen-activated protein kinase) inhibitor; geroprotector
pemoline Pemoline: A central nervous system stimulant used in fatigue and depressive states and to treat hyperkinetic disorders in children.. pemoline : A member of the class of 1,3-oxazoles that is 1,3-oxazol-4(5H)-one which is substituted by an amino group at position 2 and by a phenyl group at position 5. A central nervous system stimulant, it was used to treat hyperactivity disorders in children, but withdrawn from use following reports of serious hepatotoxicity.	3.82	3	0	1,3-oxazoles	central nervous system stimulant
pentamidine Pentamidine: Antiprotozoal agent effective in trypanosomiasis, leishmaniasis, and some fungal infections; used in treatment of PNEUMOCYSTIS pneumonia in HIV-infected patients. It may cause diabetes mellitus, central nervous system damage, and other toxic effects.. pentamidine : A diether consisting of pentane-1,5-diol in which both hydroxyl hydrogens have been replaced by 4-amidinophenyl groups. A trypanocidal drug that is used for treatment of cutaneous leishmaniasis and Chagas disease.	2	1	0	aromatic ether; carboxamidine; diether	anti-inflammatory agent; antifungal agent; calmodulin antagonist; chemokine receptor 5 antagonist; EC 2.3.1.48 (histone acetyltransferase) inhibitor; NMDA receptor antagonist; S100 calcium-binding protein B inhibitor; trypanocidal drug; xenobiotic
pentobarbital Pentobarbital: A short-acting barbiturate that is effective as a sedative and hypnotic (but not as an anti-anxiety) agent and is usually given orally. It is prescribed more frequently for sleep induction than for sedation but, like similar agents, may lose its effectiveness by the second week of continued administration. (From AMA Drug Evaluations Annual, 1994, p236). pentobarbital : A member of the class of barbiturates, the structure of which is that of barbituric acid substituted at C-5 by ethyl and sec-pentyl groups.	12.77	51	0	barbiturates	GABAA receptor agonist
pentoxifylline [no description available]	2.92	4	0	oxopurine
perazine Perazine: A phenothiazine antipsychotic with actions and uses similar to those of CHLORPROMAZINE. Extrapyramidal symptoms may be more common than other side effects.. perazine : A phenothiazine derivative in which 10H-phenothiazinecarries a 3-(4-methylpiperazin-1-yl)propyl substituent at the N-10 position.	2.05	1	0	N-alkylpiperazine; N-methylpiperazine; phenothiazines	dopaminergic antagonist; phenothiazine antipsychotic drug
perhexiline Perhexiline: 2-(2,2-Dicyclohexylethyl)piperidine. Coronary vasodilator used especially for angina of effort. It may cause neuropathy and hepatitis.	1.98	1	0	piperidines	cardiovascular drug
perphenazine Perphenazine: An antipsychotic phenothiazine derivative with actions and uses similar to those of CHLORPROMAZINE.. perphenazine : A phenothiazine derivative in which the phenothiazine tricycle carries a chloro substituent at the 2-position and a 3-[4-(2-hydroxyethyl)piperazin-1-yl]propyl group at N-10.	2.71	3	0	N-(2-hydroxyethyl)piperazine; N-alkylpiperazine; organochlorine compound; phenothiazines	antiemetic; dopaminergic antagonist; phenothiazine antipsychotic drug
phenacetin Saridon: contains phenacetin, caffeine, propyphenazone & pyrithyldione	2.05	1	0	acetamides; aromatic ether	cyclooxygenase 3 inhibitor; non-narcotic analgesic; peripheral nervous system drug
phenobarbital Phenobarbital: A barbituric acid derivative that acts as a nonselective central nervous system depressant. It potentiates GAMMA-AMINOBUTYRIC ACID action on GABA-A RECEPTORS, and modulates chloride currents through receptor channels. It also inhibits glutamate induced depolarizations.. phenobarbital : A member of the class of barbiturates, the structure of which is that of barbituric acid substituted at C-5 by ethyl and phenyl groups.	4.14	16	0	barbiturates	anticonvulsant; drug allergen; excitatory amino acid antagonist; sedative
phenolphthalein Phenolphthalein: An acid-base indicator which is colorless in acid solution, but turns pink to red as the solution becomes alkaline. It is used medicinally as a cathartic.	2.64	3	0	phenols
phenolsulfonphthalein Phenolsulfonphthalein: Red dye, pH indicator, and diagnostic aid for determination of renal function. It is used also for studies of the gastrointestinal and other systems.. phenol red : 3H-2,1-Benzoxathiole 1,1-dioxide in which both of the hydrogens at position 3 have been substituted by 4-hydroxyphenyl groups. A pH indicator changing colour from yellow below pH 6.8 to bright pink above pH 8.2, it is commonly used as an indicator in cell cultures and in home swimming pool test kits. It is also used in the (now infrequently performed) phenolsulfonphthalein (PSP) test for estimation of overall blood flow through the kidney.	1.99	1	0	2,1-benzoxathiole; arenesulfonate ester; phenols; sultone	acid-base indicator; diagnostic agent; two-colour indicator
phenoxybenzamine Phenoxybenzamine: An alpha-adrenergic antagonist with long duration of action. It has been used to treat hypertension and as a peripheral vasodilator.	2.47	2	0	aromatic amine
4-phenylbutyric acid 4-phenylbutyric acid: RN refers to the parent cpd. 4-phenylbutyric acid : A monocarboxylic acid the structure of which is that of butyric acid substituted with a phenyl group at C-4. It is a histone deacetylase inhibitor that displays anticancer activity. It inhibits cell proliferation, invasion and migration and induces apoptosis in glioma cells. It also inhibits protein isoprenylation, depletes plasma glutamine, increases production of foetal haemoglobin through transcriptional activation of the gamma-globin gene and affects hPPARgamma activation.	2.03	1	0	monocarboxylic acid	antineoplastic agent; apoptosis inducer; EC 3.5.1.98 (histone deacetylase) inhibitor; prodrug
oxophenylarsine oxophenylarsine: inhibits protein-tyrosine-phosphatase. phenylarsine oxide : An arsine oxide derived from phenylarsine.	2.7	3	0	arsine oxides	antineoplastic agent; apoptosis inducer; EC 3.1.3.48 (protein-tyrosine-phosphatase) inhibitor
phenyl biguanide phenyl biguanide: RN given refers to parent cpd. phenyl biguanide : A member of the class of biguanides that is biguanide in which one of the terminal nitrogen atoms is substituted by a phenyl group.	3.5	8	0	guanidines	central nervous system drug
phenylbutazone Phenylbutazone: A butyl-diphenyl-pyrazolidinedione that has anti-inflammatory, antipyretic, and analgesic activities. It has been used in ANKYLOSING SPONDYLITIS; RHEUMATOID ARTHRITIS; and REACTIVE ARTHRITIS.. phenylbutazone : A member of the class of pyrazolidines that is 1,2-diphenylpyrazolidine-3,5-dione carrying a butyl group at the 4-position.	2.37	2	0	pyrazolidines	antirheumatic drug; EC 1.1.1.184 [carbonyl reductase (NADPH)] inhibitor; metabolite; non-narcotic analgesic; non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug; peripheral nervous system drug
phenylmethylsulfonyl fluoride Phenylmethylsulfonyl Fluoride: An enzyme inhibitor that inactivates IRC-50 arvin, subtilisin, and the fatty acid synthetase complex.. phenylmethanesulfonyl fluoride : An acyl fluoride with phenylmethanesulfonyl as the acyl group.	2.92	4	0	acyl fluoride	serine proteinase inhibitor
phloretin [no description available]	3.25	6	0	dihydrochalcones	antineoplastic agent; plant metabolite
phosphoglycolohydroxamate phosphoglycolohydroxamate: inhibits DHAP (dihydroxyacetone phosphate)-converting enzymes; structure. phosphoglycolohydroxamic acid : The hydroxamate of phosphoglycolic acid.	2.4	2	0	amidoalkyl phosphate; hydroxamic acid	EC 5.3.1.1 (triose-phosphate isomerase) inhibitor
o-phthalaldehyde o-Phthalaldehyde: A reagent that forms fluorescent conjugation products with primary amines. It is used for the detection of many biogenic amines, peptides, and proteins in nanogram quantities in body fluids.. phthalaldehyde : A dialdehyde in which two formyl groups are attached to adjacent carbon centres on a benzene ring.	4.15	16	0	benzaldehydes; dialdehyde	epitope
moxonidine moxonidine: structure given in first source	2.96	4	0	organohalogen compound; pyrimidines
pifithrin pifithrin: a tetrahydrobenzothiazol; inhibitor of P53 that protects mice from the side effects of cancer therapy; structure in first source	3.3	6	0	aromatic ketone
pinacidil Pinacidil: A guanidine that opens POTASSIUM CHANNELS producing direct peripheral vasodilatation of the ARTERIOLES. It reduces BLOOD PRESSURE and peripheral resistance and produces fluid retention. (Martindale The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 31st ed)	2.75	3	0	pyridines
pindolol Pindolol: A moderately lipophilic beta blocker (ADRENERGIC BETA-ANTAGONISTS). It is non-cardioselective and has intrinsic sympathomimetic actions, but little membrane-stabilizing activity. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmocopoeia, 30th ed, p638). pindolol : A member of the class of indols which is the 2-hydroxy-3-(isopropylamino)propyl ether derivative of 1H-indol-4-ol.	2.9	4	0	indoles; secondary amine	antiglaucoma drug; antihypertensive agent; beta-adrenergic antagonist; serotonergic antagonist; vasodilator agent
pioglitazone Pioglitazone: A thiazolidinedione and PPAR GAMMA agonist that is used in the treatment of TYPE 2 DIABETES MELLITUS.. pioglitazone : A member of the class of thiazolidenediones that is 1,3-thiazolidine-2,4-dione substituted by a benzyl group at position 5 which in turn is substituted by a 2-(5-ethylpyridin-2-yl)ethoxy group at position 4 of the phenyl ring. It exhibits hypoglycemic activity.	3.37	6	0	aromatic ether; pyridines; thiazolidinediones	antidepressant; cardioprotective agent; EC 2.7.1.33 (pantothenate kinase) inhibitor; EC 6.2.1.3 (long-chain-fatty-acid--CoA ligase) inhibitor; ferroptosis inhibitor; geroprotector; hypoglycemic agent; insulin-sensitizing drug; PPARgamma agonist; xenobiotic
pipemidic acid Pipemidic Acid: Antimicrobial against Gram negative and some Gram positive bacteria. It is protein bound and concentrated in bile and urine and used for gastrointestinal, biliary, and urinary infections.. pipemidic acid : A pyridopyrimidine that is 5-oxo-5,8-dihydropyrido[2,3-d]pyrimidine-6-carboxylic acid substituted at position 2 by a piperazin-1-yl group and at position 8 by an ethyl group. A synthetic broad-spectrum antibacterial, it is used for treatment of gastrointestinal, biliary, and urinary infections.	2.05	1	0	amino acid; monocarboxylic acid; N-arylpiperazine; pyridopyrimidine; quinolone antibiotic	antibacterial drug; DNA synthesis inhibitor
piperazine [no description available]	2.94	4	0	azacycloalkane; piperazines; saturated organic heteromonocyclic parent	anthelminthic drug
piracetam Piracetam: A compound suggested to be both a nootropic and a neuroprotective agent.	7.32	18	2	organonitrogen compound; organooxygen compound
pirenzepine Pirenzepine: An antimuscarinic agent that inhibits gastric secretion at lower doses than are required to affect gastrointestinal motility, salivary, central nervous system, cardiovascular, ocular, and urinary function. It promotes the healing of duodenal ulcers and due to its cytoprotective action is beneficial in the prevention of duodenal ulcer recurrence. It also potentiates the effect of other antiulcer agents such as CIMETIDINE and RANITIDINE. It is generally well tolerated by patients.	6.97	22	0	pyridobenzodiazepine	anti-ulcer drug; antispasmodic drug; muscarinic antagonist
piribedil Piribedil: A dopamine D2 agonist. It is used in the treatment of parkinson disease, particularly for alleviation of tremor. It has also been used for circulatory disorders and in other applications as a D2 agonist.	1.98	1	0	N-arylpiperazine
potassium chloride Potassium Chloride: A white crystal or crystalline powder used in BUFFERS; FERTILIZERS; and EXPLOSIVES. It can be used to replenish ELECTROLYTES and restore WATER-ELECTROLYTE BALANCE in treating HYPOKALEMIA.. potassium chloride : A metal chloride salt with a K(+) counterion.	10.52	356	2	inorganic chloride; inorganic potassium salt; potassium salt	fertilizer
potassium iodide Potassium Iodide: An inorganic compound that is used as a source of iodine in thyrotoxic crisis and in the preparation of thyrotoxic patients for thyroidectomy. (From Dorland, 27th ed). potassium iodide : A metal iodide salt with a K(+) counterion. It is a scavenger of hydroxyl radicals.	7.41	2	0	potassium salt	expectorant; radical scavenger
4-aminobenzoic acid para-Aminobenzoates: Benzoic acids, salts, or esters that contain an amino group attached to carbon number 4 of the benzene ring structure.. 4-aminobenzoate : An aromatic amino-acid anion that is the conjugate base of 4-aminobenzoic acid.	1.98	1	0	aminobenzoate; aromatic amino-acid anion	Escherichia coli metabolite; plant metabolite; Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite
ag 1879 3-(4-chlorophenyl)-1-(1,1-dimethylethyl)-1H-pyrazolo(3,4-d)pyrimidin-4-amine: Fyn kinase inhibitor	2.45	2	0	aromatic amine; monochlorobenzenes; pyrazolopyrimidine	beta-adrenergic antagonist; EC 2.7.10.2 (non-specific protein-tyrosine kinase) inhibitor; geroprotector
pyridoxal phosphate-6-azophenyl-2',4'-disulfonic acid pyridoxal phosphate-6-azophenyl-2',4'-disulfonic acid: a novel antagonist that selectively blocks P2 purinoceptor receptors; a useful tool to study co-transmission in tissues when ATP and coexisting neurotransmitters act in concert. 5'-phosphopyridoxal-6-azobenzene-2,4-disulfonic acid : An arenesulfonic acid that is pyridoxal 5'-phosphate carrying an additional 2,4-disulfophenylazo substituent at position 6.	4.66	27	0	arenesulfonic acid; azobenzenes; methylpyridines; monohydroxypyridine; organic phosphate; pyridinecarbaldehyde	purinergic receptor P2X antagonist
praziquantel azinox: Russian drug	2.05	1	0	isoquinolines
prazosin Prazosin: A selective adrenergic alpha-1 antagonist used in the treatment of HEART FAILURE; HYPERTENSION; PHEOCHROMOCYTOMA; RAYNAUD DISEASE; PROSTATIC HYPERTROPHY; and URINARY RETENTION.. prazosin : A member of the class of piperazines that is piperazine substituted by a furan-2-ylcarbonyl group and a 4-amino-6,7-dimethoxyquinazolin-2-yl group at positions 1 and 4 respectively.	5.56	27	0	aromatic ether; furans; monocarboxylic acid amide; piperazines; quinazolines	alpha-adrenergic antagonist; antihypertensive agent; EC 3.4.21.26 (prolyl oligopeptidase) inhibitor
prilocaine Prilocaine: A local anesthetic that is similar pharmacologically to LIDOCAINE. Currently, it is used most often for infiltration anesthesia in dentistry.. prilocaine : An amino acid amide in which N-propyl-DL-alanine and 2-methylaniline have combined to form the amide bond; used as a local anaesthetic.	2.15	1	0	amino acid amide; monocarboxylic acid amide	anticonvulsant; local anaesthetic
primaquine Primaquine: An aminoquinoline that is given by mouth to produce a radical cure and prevent relapse of vivax and ovale malarias following treatment with a blood schizontocide. It has also been used to prevent transmission of falciparum malaria by those returning to areas where there is a potential for re-introduction of malaria. Adverse effects include anemias and GI disturbances. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopeia, 30th ed, p404). primaquine : An N-substituted diamine that is pentane-1,4-diamine substituted by a 6-methoxyquinolin-8-yl group at the N(4) position. It is a drug used in the treatment of malaria and Pneumocystis pneumonia.	2.05	1	0	aminoquinoline; aromatic ether; N-substituted diamine	antimalarial
primidone Primidone: A barbiturate derivative that acts as a GABA modulator and anti-epileptic agent. It is partly metabolized to PHENOBARBITAL in the body and owes some of its actions to this metabolite.. primidone : A pyrimidone that is dihydropyrimidine-4,6(1H,5H)-dione substituted by an ethyl and a phenyl group at position 5. It is used as an anticonvulsant for treatment of various types of seizures.	2.05	1	0	pyrimidone	anticonvulsant; environmental contaminant; xenobiotic
probenecid Probenecid: The prototypical uricosuric agent. It inhibits the renal excretion of organic anions and reduces tubular reabsorption of urate. Probenecid has also been used to treat patients with renal impairment, and, because it reduces the renal tubular excretion of other drugs, has been used as an adjunct to antibacterial therapy.. probenecid : A sulfonamide in which the nitrogen of 4-sulfamoylbenzoic acid is substituted with two propyl groups.	3.09	5	0	benzoic acids; sulfonamide	uricosuric drug
probucol Probucol: A drug used to lower LDL and HDL cholesterol yet has little effect on serum-triglyceride or VLDL cholesterol. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p993).. probucol : A dithioketal that is propane-2,2-dithiol in which the hydrogens attached to both sulfur atoms are replaced by 3,5-di-tert-butyl-4-hydroxyphenyl groups. An anticholesteremic drug with antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties, it is used to treat high levels of cholesterol in blood.	2.74	3	0	dithioketal; polyphenol	anti-inflammatory drug; anticholesteremic drug; antilipemic drug; antioxidant; cardiovascular drug
procainamide Procainamide: A class Ia antiarrhythmic drug that is structurally-related to PROCAINE.. procainamide : A benzamide that is 4-aminobenzamide substituted on the amide N by a 2-(diethylamino)ethyl group. It is a pharmaceutical antiarrhythmic agent used for the medical treatment of cardiac arrhythmias.	2.41	2	0	benzamides	anti-arrhythmia drug; platelet aggregation inhibitor; sodium channel blocker
procaine Procaine: A local anesthetic of the ester type that has a slow onset and a short duration of action. It is mainly used for infiltration anesthesia, peripheral nerve block, and spinal block. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p1016).. procaine : A benzoate ester, formally the result of esterification of 4-aminobenzoic acid with 2-diethylaminoethanol but formed experimentally by reaction of ethyl 4-aminobenzoate with 2-diethylaminoethanol.	4.29	19	0	benzoate ester; substituted aniline; tertiary amino compound	central nervous system depressant; drug allergen; local anaesthetic; peripheral nervous system drug
procarbazine Procarbazine: An antineoplastic agent used primarily in combination with mechlorethamine, vincristine, and prednisone (the MOPP protocol) in the treatment of Hodgkin's disease.. procarbazine : A benzamide obtained by formal condensation of the carboxy group of 4-[(2-methylhydrazino)methyl]benzoic acid with the amino group of isopropylamine. An antineoplastic chemotherapy drug used for treatment of Hodgkin's lymphoma. Metabolism yields azo-procarbazine and hydrogen peroxide, which results in the breaking of DNA strands.	2.05	1	0	benzamides; hydrazines	antineoplastic agent
procaterol Procaterol: A long-acting beta-2-adrenergic receptor agonist.	7.47	2	0	quinolines
prochlorperazine Prochlorperazine: A phenothiazine antipsychotic used principally in the treatment of NAUSEA; VOMITING; and VERTIGO. It is more likely than CHLORPROMAZINE to cause EXTRAPYRAMIDAL DISORDERS. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p612). prochlorperazine : A member of the class of phenothiazines that is 10H-phenothiazine having a chloro substituent at the 2-position and a 3-(4-methylpiperazin-1-yl)propyl group at the N-10 position.	2.05	1	0	N-alkylpiperazine; N-methylpiperazine; organochlorine compound; phenothiazines	alpha-adrenergic antagonist; antiemetic; cholinergic antagonist; dopamine receptor D2 antagonist; dopaminergic antagonist; EC 3.4.21.26 (prolyl oligopeptidase) inhibitor; first generation antipsychotic
proglumide Proglumide: A drug that exerts an inhibitory effect on gastric secretion and reduces gastrointestinal motility. It is used clinically in the drug therapy of gastrointestinal ulcers.. proglumide : A racemate composed of equal amounts of (R)- and (S)-proglumide. A non-selective CCK antagonist that was used primarily for treatment of stomach ulcers, but has been replaced by newer drugs.. N(2)-benzoyl-N,N-dipropyl-alpha-glutamine : A dicarboxylic acid monoamide obtained by formal condensation of the alpha-carboxy group of N-benzoylglutamic acid with dippropylamine.	2.67	3	0	benzamides; dicarboxylic acid monoamide; glutamine derivative; racemate	anti-ulcer drug; cholecystokinin antagonist; cholinergic antagonist; delta-opioid receptor agonist; drug metabolite; gastrointestinal drug; opioid analgesic; xenobiotic metabolite
promethazine Promethazine: A phenothiazine derivative with histamine H1-blocking, antimuscarinic, and sedative properties. It is used as an antiallergic, in pruritus, for motion sickness and sedation, and also in animals.. promethazine : A tertiary amine that is a substituted phenothiazine in which the ring nitrogen at position 10 is attached to C-3 of an N,N-dimethylpropan-2-amine moiety.	2.48	2	0	phenothiazines; tertiary amine	anti-allergic agent; anticoronaviral agent; antiemetic; antipruritic drug; H1-receptor antagonist; local anaesthetic; sedative
propafenone Propafenone: An antiarrhythmia agent that is particularly effective in ventricular arrhythmias. It also has weak beta-blocking activity.. propafenone : An aromatic ketone that is 3-(propylamino)propane-1,2-diol in which the hydrogen of the primary hydroxy group is replaced by a 2-(3-phenylpropanoyl)phenyl group. It is a class 1C antiarrhythmic drug with local anesthetic effects, and is used as the hydrochloride salt in the management of supraventricular and ventricular arrhythmias.	2.08	1	0	aromatic ketone; secondary alcohol; secondary amino compound	anti-arrhythmia drug
propentofylline [no description available]	3.12	5	0	oxopurine
propidium Propidium: Quaternary ammonium analog of ethidium; an intercalating dye with a specific affinity to certain forms of DNA and, used as diiodide, to separate them in density gradients; also forms fluorescent complexes with cholinesterase which it inhibits.	5.91	38	0	phenanthridines; quaternary ammonium ion	fluorochrome; intercalator
propofol Propofol: An intravenous anesthetic agent which has the advantage of a very rapid onset after infusion or bolus injection plus a very short recovery period of a couple of minutes. (From Smith and Reynard, Textbook of Pharmacology, 1992, 1st ed, p206). Propofol has been used as ANTICONVULSANTS and ANTIEMETICS.. propofol : A phenol resulting from the formal substitution of the hydrogen at the 2 position of 1,3-diisopropylbenzene by a hydroxy group.	9.85	65	3	phenols	anticonvulsant; antiemetic; intravenous anaesthetic; radical scavenger; sedative
propranolol Propranolol: A widely used non-cardioselective beta-adrenergic antagonist. Propranolol has been used for MYOCARDIAL INFARCTION; ARRHYTHMIA; ANGINA PECTORIS; HYPERTENSION; HYPERTHYROIDISM; MIGRAINE; PHEOCHROMOCYTOMA; and ANXIETY but adverse effects instigate replacement by newer drugs.. propranolol : A propanolamine that is propan-2-ol substituted by a propan-2-ylamino group at position 1 and a naphthalen-1-yloxy group at position 3.	6.21	44	0	naphthalenes; propanolamine; secondary amine	anti-arrhythmia drug; antihypertensive agent; anxiolytic drug; beta-adrenergic antagonist; environmental contaminant; human blood serum metabolite; vasodilator agent; xenobiotic
propyl gallate Propyl Gallate: Antioxidant for foods, fats, oils, ethers, emulsions, waxes, and transformer oils.	2.38	2	0	trihydroxybenzoic acid
protopine [no description available]	2.02	1	0	dibenzazecine alkaloid	plant metabolite
protoporphyrin ix protoporphyrin IX: RN given refers to parent cpd; structure in Merck Index, 9th ed, #7685. protoporphyrin : A cyclic tetrapyrrole that consists of porphyrin bearing four methyl substituents at positions 3, 8, 13 and 17, two vinyl substituents at positions 7 and 12 and two 2-carboxyethyl substituents at positions 2 and 18. The parent of the class of protoporphyrins.	3.27	6	0
protriptyline Protriptyline: Tricyclic antidepressant similar in action and side effects to IMIPRAMINE. It may produce excitation.	2.44	2	0	carbotricyclic compound	antidepressant
psilocin psilocin: psilocybine minus the phosphate ester; RN given refers to parent cpd; structure. psilocin : A tryptamine alkaloid that is N,N-dimethyltryptamine carrying an additional hydroxy substituent at position 4. A hallucinogenic alkaloid isolated in trace amounts from Psilocybe mushrooms (also known as Teonanacatl or "magic mushrooms").	2	1	0	hydroxyindoles; phenols; tertiary amino compound; tryptamine alkaloid	drug metabolite; fungal metabolite; hallucinogen; human xenobiotic metabolite; serotonergic agonist
pyridinolcarbamate Pyridinolcarbamate: A drug that has been given by mouth in the treatment of atherosclerosis and other vascular disorders, hyperlipidemias, and thrombo-embolic disorders. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p1408)	2.05	1	0	pyridines
pyrilamine Pyrilamine: A histamine H1 antagonist. It has mild hypnotic properties and some local anesthetic action and is used for allergies (including skin eruptions) both parenterally and locally. It is a common ingredient of cold remedies.. mepyramine : An ethylenediamine derivative that is ethylenediamine in which one of the amino nitrogens is substituted by two methyl groups and the remaining amino nitrogen is substituted by a 4-methoxybenzyl and a pyridin-2-yl group.	3.52	8	0	aromatic ether; ethylenediamine derivative	H1-receptor antagonist
pyrimethamine Maloprim: contains above 2 cpds	3.78	3	0	aminopyrimidine; monochlorobenzenes	antimalarial; antiprotozoal drug; EC 1.5.1.3 (dihydrofolate reductase) inhibitor
quipazine Quipazine: A pharmacologic congener of serotonin that contracts smooth muscle and has actions similar to those of tricyclic antidepressants. It has been proposed as an oxytocic.	2.69	3	0	piperazines; pyridines
qx-222 QX-222: amphipathic amine; RN given refers to ion; structure	1.96	1	0	amino acid amide
ranitidine [no description available]	2.05	1	0	aralkylamine
opc 12759 rebamipide: structure in first source; RN refers to (+-)-isomer; inhibits gastric xanthine oxidase	2.05	1	0	secondary carboxamide
resmethrin resmethrin: synthetic pyrethroid insecticide used against a variety of insects; online & Index Medicus search PYRETHRUMS (75-76), PYRETHRINS (77-82); Scourge is tradename	1.99	1	0	cyclopropanecarboxylate ester; furans	agrochemical; pyrethroid ester insecticide
resorcinol resorcinol: RN given refers to parent cpd; structure in Merck Index, 9th ed, #7951. resorcinol : A benzenediol that is benzene dihydroxylated at positions 1 and 3.	2.15	1	0	benzenediol; phenolic donor; resorcinols	erythropoietin inhibitor; sensitiser
1,6-bis(cyclohexyloximinocarbonyl)hexane 1,6-bis(cyclohexyloximinocarbonyl)hexane: selective inhibitor of canine platelet diglyceride lipase	2.42	2	0	carbamate ester; organonitrogen compound
riluzole Riluzole: A glutamate antagonist (RECEPTORS, GLUTAMATE) used as an anticonvulsant (ANTICONVULSANTS) and to prolong the survival of patients with AMYOTROPHIC LATERAL SCLEROSIS.	15.97	154	11	benzothiazoles
risperidone Risperidone: A selective blocker of DOPAMINE D2 RECEPTORS and SEROTONIN 5-HT2 RECEPTORS that acts as an atypical antipsychotic agent. It has been shown to improve both positive and negative symptoms in the treatment of SCHIZOPHRENIA.. risperidone : A member of the class of pyridopyrimidines that is 2-methyl-6,7,8,9-tetrahydropyrido[1,2-a]pyrimidin-4-one carrying an additional 2-[4-(6-fluoro-1,2-benzoxazol-3-yl)piperidin-1-yl]ethyl group at position 2.	9.58	28	3	1,2-benzoxazoles; heteroarylpiperidine; organofluorine compound; pyridopyrimidine	alpha-adrenergic antagonist; dopaminergic antagonist; EC 3.4.21.26 (prolyl oligopeptidase) inhibitor; H1-receptor antagonist; psychotropic drug; second generation antipsychotic; serotonergic antagonist
ritanserin Ritanserin: A selective and potent serotonin-2 antagonist that is effective in the treatment of a variety of syndromes related to anxiety and depression. The drug also improves the subjective quality of sleep and decreases portal pressure.. ritanserin : A thiazolopyrimidine that is 5H-[1,3]thiazolo[3,2-a]pyrimidin-5-one which is substituted at position 7 by a methyl group and at position 6 by a 2-{4-[bis(4-fluorophenyl)methylidene]piperidin-1-yl}ethyl group. A potent and long-acting seratonin (5-hydroxytryptamine, 5-HT) antagonist of the subtype 5-HT2 (Ki = 0.39 nM), it is used in the treatment of a variety of disorders including anxiety, depression and schizophrenia. It has little sedative action.	2.69	3	0	organofluorine compound; piperidines; thiazolopyrimidine	antidepressant; antipsychotic agent; anxiolytic drug; dopaminergic antagonist; EC 3.4.21.26 (prolyl oligopeptidase) inhibitor; serotonergic antagonist
rizatriptan rizatriptan: structure given in first source; RN given refers to benzoate	2.03	1	0	tryptamines	anti-inflammatory drug; serotonergic agonist; vasoconstrictor agent
ro 15-4513 Ro 15-4513: a partial inverse agonist of benzodiazepine receptors	2.4	2	0	organic heterotricyclic compound; organonitrogen heterocyclic compound
ro 31-8220 Ro 31-8220: a protein kinase C inhibitor	3.26	6	0	imidothiocarbamic ester; indoles; maleimides	EC 2.7.11.13 (protein kinase C) inhibitor
4-(3-butoxy-4-methoxybenzyl)-2-imidazolidinone 4-(3-Butoxy-4-methoxybenzyl)-2-imidazolidinone: Inhibitor of phosphodiesterases.	2.41	2	0	methoxybenzenes
rofecoxib [no description available]	2.05	1	0	butenolide; sulfone	analgesic; cyclooxygenase 2 inhibitor; non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug
rolipram [no description available]	2.7	3	0	pyrrolidin-2-ones	antidepressant; EC 3.1.4.* (phosphoric diester hydrolase) inhibitor
4-carboxyphenylglycine 4-carboxyphenylglycine: RN given for (+-)-isomer; RN for cpd without isomeric designation not available 3/93; glutamate receptor antagonist	3.96	13	0	alpha-amino acid
s-methylisothiopseudouronium S-methylisothiopseudouronium: inhibits nitric oxide synthase; structure in first source	2.39	2	0
saccharin Saccharin: Flavoring agent and non-nutritive sweetener.. saccharin : A 1,2-benzisothiazole having a keto-group at the 3-position and two oxo substituents at the 1-position. It is used as an artificial sweetening agent.	3.66	9	0	1,2-benzisothiazole; N-sulfonylcarboxamide	environmental contaminant; sweetening agent; xenobiotic
safrole Safrole: A member of the BENZODIOXOLES that is a constituent of several VOLATILE OILS, notably SASSAFRAS oil. It is a precursor in the synthesis of the insecticide PIPERONYL BUTOXIDE and the drug N-methyl-3,4-methylenedioxyamphetamine (MDMA).. safrole : A member of the class of benzodioxoles that is 1,3-benzodioxole which is substituted by an allyl group at position 5. It is found in several plants, including black pepper, cinnamon and nutmeg, and is present in several essential oils, notably that of sassafras. It has insecticidal properties and has been used as a topical antiseptic. Although not thought to pose a significant carcinogenic risk to humans, findings of weak carcinogenicity in rats have resulted in the banning of its (previously widespread) use in perfumes and soaps, and as a food additive.	1.92	1	0	benzodioxoles	flavouring agent; insecticide; metabolite; plant metabolite
salicylamide salamide: a major impurity of hydrochlorothiazide; structure in first source	2.05	1	0	phenols; salicylamides	antirheumatic drug; non-narcotic analgesic
sanguinarine benzophenanthridine alkaloid : A specific group of isoquinoline alkaloids that occur only in higher plants and are constituents mainly of the Papaveraceae family.	2.5	2	0	alkaloid antibiotic; benzophenanthridine alkaloid; botanical anti-fungal agent
sarpogrelate sarpogrelate: structure given in first source	2.01	1	0	hemisuccinate; stilbenoid
sb 239063 SB 239063: structure in first source. SB-239063 : A member of the class of imidazoles carrying 4-hydroxycyclohexyl, 4-fluorophenyl and 2-methoxypyrimidin-4-yl substituents at positions 1, 4 and 5 respectively.	3.21	1	0	imidazoles
sb 202190 4-(4-fluorophenyl)-2-(4-hydroxyphenyl)-5-(4-pyridyl)imidazole: structure given in first source; inhibits p38 MAP kinase	2.72	3	0	imidazoles; organofluorine compound; phenols; pyridines	apoptosis inducer; EC 2.7.11.24 (mitogen-activated protein kinase) inhibitor
secobarbital Secobarbital: A barbiturate that is used as a sedative. Secobarbital is reported to have no anti-anxiety activity.. secobarbital : A member of the class of barbiturates that is barbituric acid in which the hydrogens at position 5 are substituted by prop-2-en-1-yl and pentan-2-yl groups.	2.01	1	0	barbiturates	anaesthesia adjuvant; GABA modulator; sedative
carbamylhydrazine carbamylhydrazine: RN given refers to parent cpd	2.73	3	0	carbohydrazide; monocarboxylic acid amide; one-carbon compound; ureas
sevoflurane Sevoflurane: A non-explosive inhalation anesthetic used in the induction and maintenance of general anesthesia. It does not cause respiratory irritation and may also prevent PLATELET AGGREGATION.. sevoflurane : An ether compound having fluoromethyl and 1,1,1,3,3,3-hexafluoroisopropyl as the two alkyl groups.	5.36	13	1	ether; organofluorine compound	central nervous system depressant; inhalation anaesthetic; platelet aggregation inhibitor
sibutramine sibutramine: serotonin and norepinephrine transporter inhibitor; Meridia is tradename for sibutramine hydrochloride	2.05	1	0	organochlorine compound; tertiary amino compound	anti-obesity agent; serotonin uptake inhibitor
sulfadiazine Sulfadiazine: One of the short-acting SULFONAMIDES used in combination with PYRIMETHAMINE to treat toxoplasmosis in patients with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome and in newborns with congenital infections.. sulfadiazine : A sulfonamide consisting of pyrimidine with a 4-aminobenzenesulfonamido group at the 2-position.. diazine : The parent structure of the diazines.	2.78	3	0	pyrimidines; substituted aniline; sulfonamide antibiotic; sulfonamide	antiinfective agent; antimicrobial agent; antiprotozoal drug; coccidiostat; drug allergen; EC 1.1.1.153 [sepiapterin reductase (L-erythro-7,8-dihydrobiopterin forming)] inhibitor; EC 2.5.1.15 (dihydropteroate synthase) inhibitor; environmental contaminant; xenobiotic
linsidomine linsidomine: RN given refers to parent cpd; structure	4.49	23	0	morpholines
sk&f 97541 3-aminopropyl(methyl)phosphinic acid: structure given in first source; GABA-A receptor antagonist	2.01	1	0
sodium fluoride [no description available]	5.08	10	1	fluoride salt	mutagen
fluoroacetic acid fluoroacetic acid: N1 same as NM; RN given refers to parent cpd. fluoroacetic acid : A haloacetic acid that is acetic acid in which one of the methyl hydrogens is substituted by fluorine.	2.37	2	0	haloacetic acid; organofluorine compound	EC 4.2.1.3 (aconitate hydratase) inhibitor
sodium iodide Sodium Iodide: A compound forming white, odorless deliquescent crystals and used as iodine supplement, expectorant or in its radioactive (I-131) form as an diagnostic aid, particularly for thyroid function tests.. sodium iodide : A metal iodide salt with a Na(+) counterion.	2.06	1	0	inorganic sodium salt; iodide salt
iodoacetic acid Iodoacetic Acid: A derivative of ACETIC ACID that contains one IODINE atom attached to its methyl group.. iodoacetic acid : A haloacetic acid that is acetic acid in which one of the hydrogens of the methyl group is replaced by an iodine atom.	10.33	18	0	haloacetic acid; organoiodine compound	alkylating agent
sotalol Sotalol: An adrenergic beta-antagonist that is used in the treatment of life-threatening arrhythmias.. sotalol : A sulfonamide that is N-phenylmethanesulfonamide in which the phenyl group is substituted at position 4 by a 1-hydroxy-2-(isopropylamino)ethyl group. It has both beta-adrenoreceptor blocking (Vaughan Williams Class II) and cardiac action potential duration prolongation (Vaughan Williams Class III) antiarrhythmic properties. It is used (usually as the hydrochloride salt) for the management of ventricular and supraventricular arrhythmias.	2.39	2	0	ethanolamines; secondary alcohol; secondary amino compound; sulfonamide	anti-arrhythmia drug; beta-adrenergic antagonist; environmental contaminant; xenobiotic
4-phenylbutyric acid, sodium salt sodium phenylbutyrate : The organic sodium salt of 4-phenylbutyric acid. A prodrug for phenylacetate, it is used to treat urea cycle disorders.	2.05	1	0	organic sodium salt	EC 3.5.1.98 (histone deacetylase) inhibitor; geroprotector; neuroprotective agent; orphan drug; prodrug
spiperone Spiperone: A spiro butyrophenone analog similar to HALOPERIDOL and other related compounds. It has been recommended in the treatment of SCHIZOPHRENIA.. spiperone : An azaspiro compound that is 1,3,8-triazaspiro[4.5]decane which is substituted at positions 1, 4, and 8 by phenyl, oxo, and 4-(p-fluorophenyl)-4-oxobutyl groups, respectively.	3.93	13	0	aromatic ketone; azaspiro compound; organofluorine compound; piperidines; tertiary amino compound	alpha-adrenergic antagonist; antipsychotic agent; dopaminergic antagonist; psychotropic drug; serotonergic antagonist
stearic acid octadecanoic acid : A C18 straight-chain saturated fatty acid component of many animal and vegetable lipids. As well as in the diet, it is used in hardening soaps, softening plastics and in making cosmetics, candles and plastics.	2.93	4	0	long-chain fatty acid; saturated fatty acid; straight-chain saturated fatty acid	algal metabolite; Daphnia magna metabolite; human metabolite; plant metabolite
streptonigrin [no description available]	1.96	1	0	pyridines; quinolone	antimicrobial agent; antineoplastic agent
vorinostat Vorinostat: A hydroxamic acid and anilide derivative that acts as a HISTONE DEACETYLASE inhibitor. It is used in the treatment of CUTANEOUS T-CELL LYMPHOMA and SEZARY SYNDROME.. vorinostat : A dicarboxylic acid diamide comprising suberic (octanedioic) acid coupled to aniline and hydroxylamine. A histone deacetylase inhibitor, it is marketed under the name Zolinza for the treatment of cutaneous T cell lymphoma (CTCL).	2.5	2	0	dicarboxylic acid diamide; hydroxamic acid	antineoplastic agent; apoptosis inducer; EC 3.5.1.98 (histone deacetylase) inhibitor
succinylacetone succinylacetone: inhibitor of heme biosynthesis. 4,6-dioxoheptanoic acid : A dioxo monocarboxylic acid that is heptanoic acid in which oxo groups replace the hydrogens at positions 4 and 6. It is an abnormal metabolite of the tyrosine metabolic pathway and a marker for type 1 tyrosinaemia.	2.38	2	0	beta-diketone; dioxo monocarboxylic acid	human metabolite
succinylsulfathiazole succinylsulfathiazole: intestinal antimicrobial agent; structure	7.33	2	0	1,3-thiazoles
sulconazole sulconazole: RN given refers to cpd with unspecified isomeric designation; structure given in first source. sulconazole : A racemate comprising equimolar amounts of (R)- and (S)-sulconazole. An antifungal agent with activity against Candida species, it is used (generally as the nitrate salt) for the topical treatment of fungal skin infections.. 1-{2-[(4-chlorobenzyl)sulfanyl]-2-(2,4-dichlorophenyl)ethyl}-1H-imidazole : A member of the class of imidazoles that is 1-ethyl-1H-imidazole in which one of the hydrogens of the methyl group is replaced by a (4-chlorobenzyl)sulfanediyl group while a second is replaced by a 2,4-dichlorophenyl group.	7.25	1	0	dichlorobenzene; imidazoles; monochlorobenzenes; organic sulfide
sulfadimethoxine Sulfadimethoxine: A sulfanilamide that is used as an anti-infective agent.. sulfadimethoxine : A sulfonamide consisting of pyrimidine having methoxy substituents at the 2- and 6-positions and a 4-aminobenzenesulfonamido group at the 4-position.	2.05	1	0	aromatic ether; pyrimidines; substituted aniline; sulfonamide antibiotic; sulfonamide	antiinfective agent; antimicrobial agent; drug allergen; environmental contaminant; xenobiotic
sulfamerazine [no description available]	2.05	1	0	pyrimidines; sulfonamide antibiotic; sulfonamide	antiinfective agent; drug allergen
sulfameter Sulfameter: Long acting sulfonamide used in leprosy, urinary, and respiratory tract infections.. sulfamethoxydiazine : A sulfonamide consisting of pyrimidine having a methoxy substituent at the 5-position and a 4-aminobenzenesulfonamido group at the 2-position.	2.05	1	0	pyrimidines; sulfonamide antibiotic; sulfonamide	antiinfective agent; leprostatic drug; renal agent
sulfamethazine Sulfamethazine: A sulfanilamide anti-infective agent. It has a spectrum of antimicrobial action similar to other sulfonamides.. sulfamethazine : A sulfonamide consisting of pyrimidine with methyl substituents at the 4- and 6-positions and a 4-aminobenzenesulfonamido group at the 2-position.	2.05	1	0	pyrimidines; sulfonamide antibiotic; sulfonamide	antibacterial drug; antiinfective agent; antimicrobial agent; carcinogenic agent; drug allergen; EC 2.5.1.15 (dihydropteroate synthase) inhibitor; environmental contaminant; ligand; xenobiotic
sulfamethizole Sulfamethizole: A sulfathiazole antibacterial agent.. sulfamethizole : A sulfonamide consisting of a 1,3,4-thiadiazole nucleus with a methyl substituent at C-5 and a 4-aminobenzenesulfonamido group at C-2.	2.05	1	0	sulfonamide antibiotic; sulfonamide; thiadiazoles	antiinfective agent; antimicrobial agent; drug allergen; EC 2.5.1.15 (dihydropteroate synthase) inhibitor
sulfamethoxazole Sulfamethoxazole: A bacteriostatic antibacterial agent that interferes with folic acid synthesis in susceptible bacteria. Its broad spectrum of activity has been limited by the development of resistance. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p208). sulfamethoxazole : An isoxazole (1,2-oxazole) compound having a methyl substituent at the 5-position and a 4-aminobenzenesulfonamido group at the 3-position.	2.05	1	0	isoxazoles; substituted aniline; sulfonamide antibiotic; sulfonamide	antibacterial agent; antiinfective agent; antimicrobial agent; drug allergen; EC 1.1.1.153 [sepiapterin reductase (L-erythro-7,8-dihydrobiopterin forming)] inhibitor; EC 2.5.1.15 (dihydropteroate synthase) inhibitor; environmental contaminant; epitope; P450 inhibitor; xenobiotic
sulfanilamide [no description available]	2.64	3	0	substituted aniline; sulfonamide antibiotic; sulfonamide	antibacterial agent; drug allergen; EC 4.2.1.1 (carbonic anhydrase) inhibitor
sulfaphenazole Sulfaphenazole: A sulfonilamide anti-infective agent.. sulfaphenazole : A sulfonamide that is sulfanilamide in which the sulfonamide nitrogen is substituted by a 1-phenyl-1H-pyrazol-5-yl group. It is a selective inhibitor of cytochrome P450 (CYP) 2C9 isozyme, and antibacterial agent.	2.05	1	0	primary amino compound; pyrazoles; substituted aniline; sulfonamide antibiotic; sulfonamide	antibacterial drug; EC 1.14.13.181 (13-deoxydaunorubicin hydroxylase) inhibitor; EC 1.14.13.67 (quinine 3-monooxygenase) inhibitor; P450 inhibitor
sulfapyridine Sulfapyridine: Antibacterial, potentially toxic, used to treat certain skin diseases.. sulfapyridine : A sulfonamide consisting of pyridine with a 4-aminobenzenesulfonamido group at the 2-position.	2.05	1	0	pyridines; substituted aniline; sulfonamide antibiotic; sulfonamide	antiinfective agent; dermatologic drug; drug allergen; environmental contaminant; xenobiotic
sulfasalazine Sulfasalazine: A drug that is used in the management of inflammatory bowel diseases. Its activity is generally considered to lie in its metabolic breakdown product, 5-aminosalicylic acid (see MESALAMINE) released in the colon. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p907). sulfasalazine : An azobenzene consisting of diphenyldiazene having a carboxy substituent at the 4-position, a hydroxy substituent at the 3-position and a 2-pyridylaminosulphonyl substituent at the 4'-position.	6.39	18	0
sulfathiazole Sulfathiazole: A sulfathiazole compound that is used as a short-acting anti-infective agent. It is no longer commonly used systemically due to its toxicity, but may still be applied topically in combination with other drugs for the treatment of vaginal and skin infections, and is still used in veterinary medicine.. sulfathiazole : A 1,3-thiazole compound having a 4-aminobenzenesulfonamido group at the 2-position.	2.36	2	0	1,3-thiazoles; substituted aniline; sulfonamide antibiotic; sulfonamide	antiinfective agent; drug allergen; EC 2.5.1.15 (dihydropteroate synthase) inhibitor; environmental contaminant; xenobiotic
sulfinpyrazone Sulfinpyrazone: A uricosuric drug that is used to reduce the serum urate levels in gout therapy. It lacks anti-inflammatory, analgesic, and diuretic properties.	2.05	1	0	pyrazolidines; sulfoxide	uricosuric drug
sulfobromophthalein Sulfobromophthalein: A phenolphthalein that is used as a diagnostic aid in hepatic function determination.	6.93	1	0	2-benzofurans; organobromine compound; organosulfonic acid; phenols	dye
sulforaphane sulforaphane: from Cardaria draba L.. sulforaphane : An isothiocyanate having a 4-(methylsulfinyl)butyl group attached to the nitrogen.	2.44	2	0	isothiocyanate; sulfoxide	antineoplastic agent; antioxidant; EC 3.5.1.98 (histone deacetylase) inhibitor; plant metabolite
2-(octylamino)-1-[4-(propan-2-ylthio)phenyl]-1-propanol [no description available]	2.05	1	0	alkylbenzene
sulpiride Sulpiride: A dopamine D2-receptor antagonist. It has been used therapeutically as an antidepressant, antipsychotic, and as a digestive aid. (From Merck Index, 11th ed). sulpiride : A member of the class of benzamides obtained from formal condensation between the carboxy group of 2-methoxy-5-sulfamoylbenzoic acid and the primary amino group of (1-ethylpyrrolidin-2-yl)methylamine.	5.01	40	0	benzamides; N-alkylpyrrolidine; sulfonamide	antidepressant; antiemetic; antipsychotic agent; dopaminergic antagonist
sumatriptan Sumatriptan: A serotonin agonist that acts selectively at 5HT1 receptors. It is used in the treatment of MIGRAINE DISORDERS.. sumatriptan : A sulfonamide that consists of N,N-dimethyltryptamine bearing an additional (N-methylsulfamoyl)methyl substituent at position 5. Selective agonist for a vascular 5-HT1 receptor subtype (probably a member of the 5-HT1D family). Used (in the form of its succinate salt) for the acute treatment of migraine with or without aura in adults.	4.02	4	0	sulfonamide; tryptamines	serotonergic agonist; vasoconstrictor agent
suprofen Suprofen: An IBUPROFEN-type anti-inflammatory analgesic and antipyretic. It inhibits prostaglandin synthesis and has been proposed as an anti-arthritic.. suprofen : An aromatic ketone that is thiophene substituted at C-2 by a 4-(1-carboxyethyl)benzoyl group.	2.05	1	0	aromatic ketone; monocarboxylic acid; thiophenes	antirheumatic drug; drug allergen; EC 1.14.99.1 (prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase) inhibitor; non-narcotic analgesic; non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug; peripheral nervous system drug
suramin Suramin: A polyanionic compound with an unknown mechanism of action. It is used parenterally in the treatment of African trypanosomiasis and it has been used clinically with diethylcarbamazine to kill the adult Onchocerca. (From AMA Drug Evaluations Annual, 1992, p1643) It has also been shown to have potent antineoplastic properties.. suramin : A member of the class of phenylureas that is urea in which each of the amino groups has been substituted by a 3-({2-methyl-5-[(4,6,8-trisulfo-1-naphthyl)carbamoyl]phenyl}carbamoyl)phenyl group. An activator of both the rabbit skeletal muscle RyR1 and sheep cardiac RyR2 isoform ryanodine receptor channels, it has been used for the treatment of human African trypanosomiasis for over 100 years.	4.31	19	0	naphthalenesulfonic acid; phenylureas; secondary carboxamide	angiogenesis inhibitor; antinematodal drug; antineoplastic agent; apoptosis inhibitor; EC 2.7.11.13 (protein kinase C) inhibitor; GABA antagonist; GABA-gated chloride channel antagonist; purinergic receptor P2 antagonist; ryanodine receptor agonist; trypanocidal drug
4-methylglutamic acid 4-methylglutamic acid : A glutamic acid derivative that is glutamic acid substituted by a methyl group at position 4.	3.89	12	0	amino dicarboxylic acid; glutamic acid derivative
talipexole talipexole: dopamine receptor agonist; structure given in first source	1.98	1	0	azepine
gatifloxacin Gatifloxacin: A fluoroquinolone antibacterial agent and DNA TOPOISOMERASE II inhibitor that is used as an ophthalmic solution for the treatment of BACTERIAL CONJUNCTIVITIS.. gatifloxacin : A monocarboxylic acid that is 4-oxo-1,4-dihydroquinoline-3-carboxylic acid which is substituted on the nitrogen by a cyclopropyl group and at positions 6, 7, and 8 by fluoro, 3-methylpiperazin-1-yl, and methoxy groups, respectively. Gatifloxacin is an antibiotic of the fourth-generation fluoroquinolone family, that like other members of that family, inhibits the bacterial topoisomerase type-II enzymes.	2.45	2	0	N-arylpiperazine; organofluorine compound; quinolinemonocarboxylic acid; quinolone antibiotic; quinolone	antiinfective agent; antimicrobial agent; EC 5.99.1.3 [DNA topoisomerase (ATP-hydrolysing)] inhibitor
tegafur [no description available]	2.05	1	0	organohalogen compound; pyrimidines
temazepam Temazepam: A benzodiazepine that acts as a GAMMA-AMINOBUTYRIC ACID modulator and anti-anxiety agent.	2.05	1	0	benzodiazepine
temozolomide [no description available]	5.28	6	0	imidazotetrazine; monocarboxylic acid amide; triazene derivative	alkylating agent; antineoplastic agent; prodrug
terbutaline Terbutaline: A selective beta-2 adrenergic agonist used as a bronchodilator and tocolytic.. terbutaline : A member of the class of phenylethanolamines that is catechol substituted at position 5 by a 2-(tert-butylamino)-1-hydroxyethyl group.	2.73	3	0	phenylethanolamines; resorcinols	anti-asthmatic drug; beta-adrenergic agonist; bronchodilator agent; EC 3.1.1.7 (acetylcholinesterase) inhibitor; hypoglycemic agent; sympathomimetic agent; tocolytic agent
terfenadine Terfenadine: A selective histamine H1-receptor antagonist devoid of central nervous system depressant activity. The drug was used for ALLERGY but withdrawn due to causing LONG QT SYNDROME.	2.94	4	0	diarylmethane
tetracaine Tetracaine: A potent local anesthetic of the ester type used for surface and spinal anesthesia.. tetracaine : A benzoate ester in which 4-N-butylbenzoic acid and 2-(dimethylamino)ethanol have combined to form the ester bond; a local ester anaesthetic (ester caine) used for surface and spinal anaesthesia.	3.53	8	0	benzoate ester; tertiary amino compound	local anaesthetic
tetraethylammonium Tetraethylammonium: A potassium-selective ion channel blocker. (From J Gen Phys 1994;104(1):173-90)	6.01	36	0	quaternary ammonium ion
tetrahydropapaverine tetrahydropapaverine: RN given refers to parent cpd. 1-(3,4-dimethoxybenzyl)-6,7-dimethoxy-1,2,3,4-tetrahydroisoquinoline : A benzylisoquinoline alkaloid that is norlaudanosoline in which the four phenolic hydrogens have been replaced by methyl groups.	1.97	1	0	aromatic ether; benzylisoquinoline alkaloid; benzyltetrahydroisoquinoline; polyether; secondary amino compound
3-hydroxyaspartic acid 3-hydroxyaspartic acid: RN given refers to cpd without isomeric designation. 3-hydroxyaspartic acid : A hydroxy-amino acid that is aspartic acid in which one of the methylene hydrogens has been replaced by a hydroxy group.	6.55	75	0	amino dicarboxylic acid; aspartic acid derivative; C4-dicarboxylic acid; hydroxy-amino acid
thalidomide Thalidomide: A piperidinyl isoindole originally introduced as a non-barbiturate hypnotic, but withdrawn from the market due to teratogenic effects. It has been reintroduced and used for a number of immunological and inflammatory disorders. Thalidomide displays immunosuppressive and anti-angiogenic activity. It inhibits release of TUMOR NECROSIS FACTOR-ALPHA from monocytes, and modulates other cytokine action.. thalidomide : A racemate comprising equimolar amounts of R- and S-thalidomide.. 2-(2,6-dioxopiperidin-3-yl)-1H-isoindole-1,3(2H)-dione : A dicarboximide that is isoindole-1,3(2H)-dione in which the hydrogen attached to the nitrogen is substituted by a 2,6-dioxopiperidin-3-yl group.	3.06	5	0	phthalimides; piperidones
theobromine Theobromine: 3,7-Dimethylxanthine. The principle alkaloid in Theobroma cacao (the cacao bean) and other plants. A xanthine alkaloid that is used as a bronchodilator and as a vasodilator. It has a weaker diuretic activity than THEOPHYLLINE and is also a less powerful stimulant of smooth muscle. It has practically no stimulant effect on the central nervous system. It was formerly used as a diuretic and in the treatment of angina pectoris and hypertension. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, pp1318-9). theobromine : A dimethylxanthine having the two methyl groups located at positions 3 and 7. A purine alkaloid derived from the cacao plant, it is found in chocolate, as well as in a number of other foods, and is a vasodilator, diuretic and heart stimulator.	2.93	4	0	dimethylxanthine	adenosine receptor antagonist; bronchodilator agent; food component; human blood serum metabolite; mouse metabolite; plant metabolite; vasodilator agent
thiabendazole Tresaderm: dermatologic soln containing dexamethasone, thiabendazole & neomycin sulfate	2.05	1	0	1,3-thiazoles; benzimidazole fungicide; benzimidazoles	antifungal agrochemical; antinematodal drug
2,4-thiazolidinedione thiazolidine-2,4-dione: structure in first source. 1,3-thiazolidine-2,4-dione : A thiazolidenedione carrying oxo substituents at positions 2 and 4.	2.06	1	0	thiazolidenedione
2-thiosalicylic acid 2-thiosalicylic acid: a degradation product of thimerosal; RN given refers to parent cpd. thiosalicylic acid : A sulfanylbenzoic acid that is the 2-sulfanyl derivative of benzoic acid.	2.01	1	0	sulfanylbenzoic acid	antipyretic; non-narcotic analgesic
thioridazine Thioridazine: A phenothiazine antipsychotic used in the management of PHYCOSES, including SCHIZOPHRENIA.. thioridazine : A phenothiazine derivative having a methylsulfanyl subsitituent at the 2-position and a (1-methylpiperidin-2-yl)ethyl] group at the N-10 position.	2.93	4	0	phenothiazines; piperidines	alpha-adrenergic antagonist; dopaminergic antagonist; EC 1.8.1.12 (trypanothione-disulfide reductase) inhibitor; EC 3.4.21.26 (prolyl oligopeptidase) inhibitor; first generation antipsychotic; H1-receptor antagonist; serotonergic antagonist
thiotepa Thiotepa: A very toxic alkylating antineoplastic agent also used as an insect sterilant. It causes skin, gastrointestinal, CNS, and bone marrow damage. According to the Fourth Annual Report on Carcinogens (NTP 85-002, 1985), thiotepa may reasonably be anticipated to be a carcinogen (Merck Index, 11th ed).	2	1	0	aziridines
tiaprofenic acid tiaprofenic acid: RN given refers to parent cpd; structure. tiaprofenic acid : An aromatic ketone that is thiophene substituted at C-2 by benzoyl and at C-4 by a 1-carboxyethyl group.	2.05	1	0	aromatic ketone; monocarboxylic acid; thiophenes	drug allergen; non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug
ticlopidine Ticlopidine: An effective inhibitor of platelet aggregation commonly used in the placement of STENTS in CORONARY ARTERIES.. ticlopidine : A thienopyridine that is 4,5,6,7-tetrahydrothieno[3,2-c]pyridine in which the hydrogen attached to the nitrogen is replaced by an o-chlorobenzyl group.	2.05	1	0	monochlorobenzenes; thienopyridine	anticoagulant; fibrin modulating drug; hematologic agent; P2Y12 receptor antagonist; platelet aggregation inhibitor
tiopronin Tiopronin: Sulfhydryl acylated derivative of GLYCINE.	2.42	2	0	N-acyl-amino acid
tizanidine tizanidine: RN given refers to parent cpd; structure. tizanidine : 2,1,3-Benzothiadiazole substituted at C-4 by a Delta(1)-imidazolin-2-ylamino group and at C-4 by a chloro group. It is an agonist at alpha2-adrenergic receptor sites.	2.41	2	0	benzothiadiazole; imidazoles	alpha-adrenergic agonist; muscle relaxant
8-(n,n-diethylamino)octyl-3,4,5-trimethoxybenzoate 8-(N,N-diethylamino)octyl-3,4,5-trimethoxybenzoate: intracellular calcium antagonist; RN given refers to parent cpd	3.09	5	0	trihydroxybenzoic acid
tolazamide Tolazamide: A sulphonylurea hypoglycemic agent with actions and uses similar to those of CHLORPROPAMIDE.. tolazamide : An N-sulfonylurea that is 1-tosylurea in which a hydrogen attached to the nitrogen at position 3 is replaced by an azepan-1-yl group. A hypoglycemic agent, it is used for the treatment of type 2 diabetes mellitus.	2.05	1	0	N-sulfonylurea	hypoglycemic agent; potassium channel blocker
tolazoline Tolazoline: A vasodilator that apparently has direct actions on blood vessels and also increases cardiac output. Tolazoline can interact to some degree with histamine, adrenergic, and cholinergic receptors, but the mechanisms of its therapeutic effects are not clear. It is used in treatment of persistent pulmonary hypertension of the newborn.. tolazoline : A member of the class of imidazoles that is 4,5-dihydro-1H-imidazole substituted by a benzyl group.	1.97	1	0	imidazoles	alpha-adrenergic antagonist; antihypertensive agent; vasodilator agent
tolbutamide Tolbutamide: A sulphonylurea hypoglycemic agent with actions and uses similar to those of CHLORPROPAMIDE. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p290). tolbutamide : An N-sulfonylurea that consists of 1-butylurea having a tosyl group attached at the 3-position.	3.39	7	0	N-sulfonylurea	human metabolite; hypoglycemic agent; insulin secretagogue; potassium channel blocker
tolperisone Tolperisone: A centrally acting muscle relaxant that has been used for the symptomatic treatment of spasticity and muscle spasm. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p1211)	2.53	2	0	aromatic ketone
n,n,n',n'-tetrakis(2-pyridylmethyl)ethylenediamine N,N,N',N'-tetrakis(2-pyridylmethyl)ethylenediamine: a zinc ion chelating agent; structure given in first source. N,N,N',N'-tetrakis(2-pyridylmethyl)ethylenediamine : An N-substituted diamine that is ethylenediamine in which the four amino hydrogens are replaced by 2-pyridylmethyl groups.	3.46	7	0	N-substituted diamine; pyridines; tertiary amino compound	apoptosis inducer; chelator; copper chelator
(1,2,5,6-tetrahydropyridin-4-yl)methylphosphinic acid (1,2,5,6-tetrahydropyridin-4-yl)methylphosphinic acid: a GABA-C receptor antagonist; structure in first source	2.75	3	0
ultram 2-[(dimethylamino)methyl]-1-(3-methoxyphenyl)cyclohexanol : A tertiary alcohol that is cyclohexanol substituted at positions 1 and 2 by 3-methoxyphenyl and dimethylaminomethyl groups respectively.	2.05	1	0	aromatic ether; tertiary alcohol; tertiary amino compound
tranexamic acid Tranexamic Acid: Antifibrinolytic hemostatic used in severe hemorrhage.	2.71	3	0	amino acid
trazodone Trazodone: A serotonin uptake inhibitor that is used as an antidepressive agent. It has been shown to be effective in patients with major depressive disorders and other subsets of depressive disorders. It is generally more useful in depressive disorders associated with insomnia and anxiety. This drug does not aggravate psychotic symptoms in patients with schizophrenia or schizoaffective disorders. (From AMA Drug Evaluations Annual, 1994, p309). trazodone : An N-arylpiperazine in which one nitrogen is substituted by a 3-chlorophenyl group, while the other is substituted by a 3-(3-oxo[1,2,4]triazolo[4,3-a]pyridin-2(3H)-yl)propyl group.	2.72	3	0	monochlorobenzenes; N-alkylpiperazine; N-arylpiperazine; triazolopyridine	adrenergic antagonist; antidepressant; anxiolytic drug; H1-receptor antagonist; sedative; serotonin uptake inhibitor
triclosan [no description available]	2.51	2	0	aromatic ether; dichlorobenzene; monochlorobenzenes; phenols	antibacterial agent; antimalarial; drug allergen; EC 1.3.1.9 [enoyl-[acyl-carrier-protein] reductase (NADH)] inhibitor; EC 1.5.1.3 (dihydrofolate reductase) inhibitor; fungicide; persistent organic pollutant; xenobiotic
trifluoperazine [no description available]	4.23	18	0	N-alkylpiperazine; N-methylpiperazine; organofluorine compound; phenothiazines	antiemetic; calmodulin antagonist; dopaminergic antagonist; EC 1.8.1.12 (trypanothione-disulfide reductase) inhibitor; EC 5.3.3.5 (cholestenol Delta-isomerase) inhibitor; phenothiazine antipsychotic drug
trifluperidol Trifluperidol: A butyrophenone with general properties similar to those of HALOPERIDOL. It is used in the treatment of PSYCHOSES including MANIA and SCHIZOPHRENIA. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p621)	2.06	1	0	aromatic ketone
triflupromazine Triflupromazine: A phenothiazine used as an antipsychotic agent and as an antiemetic.. triflupromazine : A member of the class of phenothiazines that is 10H-phenothiazine having a trifluoromethyl subsitituent at the 2-position and a 3-(dimethylamino)propyl group at the N-10 position.	2.4	2	0	organofluorine compound; phenothiazines; tertiary amine	anticoronaviral agent; antiemetic; dopaminergic antagonist; first generation antipsychotic
trigonelline trigonelline: in hydra among other organisms; RN given refers to hydroxide inner salt; structure. N-methylnicotinic acid : A pyridinium ion consisting of nicotinic acid having a methyl substituent on the pyridine nitrogen.. N-methylnicotinate : An iminium betaine that is the conjugate base of N-methylnicotinic acid, arising from deprotonation of the carboxy group.	2.5	2	0	alkaloid; iminium betaine	food component; human urinary metabolite; plant metabolite
trihexyphenidyl Trihexyphenidyl: One of the centrally acting MUSCARINIC ANTAGONISTS used for treatment of PARKINSONIAN DISORDERS and drug-induced extrapyramidal movement disorders and as an antispasmodic.	1.97	1	0	amine
trimebutine Trimebutine: Proposed spasmolytic with possible local anesthetic action used in gastrointestinal disorders.	2	1	0	trihydroxybenzoic acid
trimethadione Trimethadione: An anticonvulsant effective in absence seizures, but generally reserved for refractory cases because of its toxicity. (From AMA Drug Evaluations Annual, 1994, p378). trimethadione : An oxazolidinone that is 1,3-oxazolidine-2,4-dione substituted by methyl groups at positions 3, 5 and 5. It is an antiepileptic agent.	2.05	1	0	oxazolidinone	anticonvulsant; geroprotector
trimethoprim Trimethoprim: A pyrimidine inhibitor of dihydrofolate reductase, it is an antibacterial related to PYRIMETHAMINE. It is potentiated by SULFONAMIDES and the TRIMETHOPRIM, SULFAMETHOXAZOLE DRUG COMBINATION is the form most often used. It is sometimes used alone as an antimalarial. TRIMETHOPRIM RESISTANCE has been reported.. trimethoprim : An aminopyrimidine antibiotic whose structure consists of pyrimidine 2,4-diamine and 1,2,3-trimethoxybenzene moieties linked by a methylene bridge.	2.46	2	0	aminopyrimidine; methoxybenzenes	antibacterial drug; diuretic; drug allergen; EC 1.5.1.3 (dihydrofolate reductase) inhibitor; environmental contaminant; xenobiotic
troglitazone Troglitazone: A chroman and thiazolidinedione derivative that acts as a PEROXISOME PROLIFERATOR-ACTIVATED RECEPTORS (PPAR) agonist. It was formerly used in the treatment of TYPE 2 DIABETES MELLITUS, but has been withdrawn due to hepatotoxicity.	5.02	9	1	chromanes; thiazolidinone	anticoagulant; anticonvulsant; antineoplastic agent; antioxidant; EC 6.2.1.3 (long-chain-fatty-acid--CoA ligase) inhibitor; ferroptosis inhibitor; hypoglycemic agent; platelet aggregation inhibitor; vasodilator agent
thenoyltrifluoroacetone Thenoyltrifluoroacetone: Chelating agent and inhibitor of cellular respiration.	2.08	1	0
tyramine [no description available]	8.84	11	0	monoamine molecular messenger; primary amino compound; tyramines	EC 3.1.1.8 (cholinesterase) inhibitor; Escherichia coli metabolite; human metabolite; mouse metabolite; neurotransmitter
tyrphostin a9 [no description available]	2.7	3	0	alkylbenzene	geroprotector
urapidil [no description available]	1.98	1	0	piperazines
urethane [no description available]	4.83	33	0	carbamate ester	fungal metabolite; mutagen
usnic acid [no description available]	2.06	1	0	benzofurans
venlafaxine venlafaxine : A tertiary amino compound that is N,N-dimethylethanamine substituted at position 1 by a 1-hydroxycyclohexyl and 4-methoxyphenyl group.	2.46	2	0	cyclohexanols; monomethoxybenzene; tertiary alcohol; tertiary amino compound	adrenergic uptake inhibitor; analgesic; antidepressant; dopamine uptake inhibitor; environmental contaminant; serotonin uptake inhibitor; xenobiotic
vesamicol vesamicol: RN given refers to parent cpd; structure	1.98	1	0	piperidines
vesnarinone [no description available]	2.05	1	0	organic molecular entity
vigabatrin [no description available]	7.09	26	1	gamma-amino acid	anticonvulsant; EC 2.6.1.19 (4-aminobutyrate--2-oxoglutarate transaminase) inhibitor
w 7 W 7: RN given refers to parent cpd; structure; calmodulin antagonist	2.9	4	0
wb 4101 N-(2,3-dihydro-1,4-benzodioxin-2-ylmethyl)-2-(2,6-dimethoxyphenoxy)ethanamine : A benzodioxine that is 2,3-dihydro-1,4-benzodioxine bearing a [(2',6'-dimethoxyphenoxy)ethylamino]methyl group at position 2. An alpha1A-adrenergic selective antagonist.	2.05	1	0	aromatic ether; benzodioxine; secondary amino compound	alpha-adrenergic antagonist
8-(4-((2-aminoethyl)aminocarbonylmethyloxy)phenyl)-1,3-dipropylxanthine 8-(4-((2-aminoethyl)aminocarbonylmethyloxy)phenyl)-1,3-dipropylxanthine: adenosine receptor antagonist	1.98	1	0
xanthurenic acid xanthurenic acid : A quinolinemonocarboxylic acid that is quinoline-2-carboxylic acid substituted by hydroxy groups at C-4 and C-8.	2.41	2	0	dihydroxyquinoline; quinolinemonocarboxylic acid	animal metabolite; iron chelator; metabotropic glutamate receptor agonist; vesicular glutamate transport inhibitor
xylazine Xylazine: An adrenergic alpha-2 agonist used as a sedative, analgesic and centrally acting muscle relaxant in VETERINARY MEDICINE.. xylazine : A methyl benzene that is 1,3-dimethylbenzene which is substituted by a 5,6-dihydro-4H-1,3-thiazin-2-ylnitrilo group at position 2. It is an alpha2 adrenergic receptor agonist and frequently used in veterinary medicine as an emetic and sedative with analgesic and muscle relaxant properties.	1.99	1	0	1,3-thiazine; methylbenzene; secondary amino compound	alpha-adrenergic agonist; analgesic; emetic; muscle relaxant; sedative
3-(5'-hydroxymethyl-2'-furyl)-1-benzylindazole 3-(5'-hydroxymethyl-2'-furyl)-1-benzylindazole: antineoplastic; activates platelet guanylate cyclase; a radiosensitizing agent and guanylate cyclase activator; structure in first source. lificiguat : A member of the class of indazoles that is 1H-indazole which is substituted by a benzyl group at position 1 and a 5-(hydroxymethyl)-2-furyl group at position 3. It is an activator of soluble guanylate cyclase and inhibits platelet aggregation.	2.95	4	0	aromatic primary alcohol; furans; indazoles	antineoplastic agent; apoptosis inducer; platelet aggregation inhibitor; soluble guanylate cyclase activator; vasodilator agent
ici 204,219 zafirlukast: a leukotriene D4 receptor antagonist	2.05	1	0	carbamate ester; indoles; N-sulfonylcarboxamide	anti-asthmatic agent; leukotriene antagonist
zinc chloride zinc chloride: RN given refers to parent cpd. zinc dichloride : A compound of zinc and chloride ions in the ratio 1:2. It exists in four crystalline forms, in each of which the Zn(2+) ions are trigonal planar coordinated to four chloride ions.	3.8	11	0	inorganic chloride; zinc molecular entity	astringent; disinfectant; EC 5.3.3.5 (cholestenol Delta-isomerase) inhibitor; Lewis acid
zolpidem Zolpidem: An imidazopyridine derivative and short-acting GABA-A receptor agonist that is used for the treatment of INSOMNIA.. zolpidem : An imidazo[1,2-a]pyridine compound having a 4-tolyl group at the 2-position, an N,N-dimethylcarbamoylmethyl group at the 3-position and a methyl substituent at the 6-position.	4.82	7	1	imidazopyridine	central nervous system depressant; GABA agonist; sedative
zonisamide Zonisamide: A benzisoxazole and sulfonamide derivative that acts as a CALCIUM CHANNEL blocker. It is used primarily as an adjunctive antiepileptic agent for the treatment of PARTIAL SEIZURES, with or without secondary generalization.. zonisamide : A 1,2-benzoxazole compound having a sulfamoylmethyl substituent at the 3-position.	3.54	8	0	1,2-benzoxazoles; sulfonamide	anticonvulsant; antioxidant; central nervous system drug; protective agent; T-type calcium channel blocker
zotepine zotepine: structure	2.05	1	0	dibenzothiepine; tertiary amino compound	alpha-adrenergic drug; second generation antipsychotic; serotonergic drug
guanidine hydrochloride [no description available]	2.05	1	0	one-carbon compound; organic chloride salt	protein denaturant
hydrocortisone acetate hydrocortisone acetate: RN given refers to cpd without isomeric designation	2.05	1	0	cortisol ester; tertiary alpha-hydroxy ketone
cortisone acetate Cortisone Acetate: The acetate ester of cortisone that is used mainly for replacement therapy in adrenocortical insufficiency and in the treatment of many allergic and inflammatory disorders.	2.05	1	0	corticosteroid hormone
mitomycin Mitomycin: An antineoplastic antibiotic produced by Streptomyces caespitosus. It is one of the bi- or tri-functional ALKYLATING AGENTS causing cross-linking of DNA and inhibition of DNA synthesis.. mitomycin : A family of aziridine-containing natural products isolated from Streptomyces caespitosus or Streptomyces lavendulae.	2.05	1	0	mitomycin	alkylating agent; antineoplastic agent
corticosterone [no description available]	7.73	116	0	11beta-hydroxy steroid; 20-oxo steroid; 21-hydroxy steroid; 3-oxo-Delta(4) steroid; C21-steroid; glucocorticoid; primary alpha-hydroxy ketone	human metabolite; mouse metabolite
prednisolone Prednisolone: A glucocorticoid with the general properties of the corticosteroids. It is the drug of choice for all conditions in which routine systemic corticosteroid therapy is indicated, except adrenal deficiency states.. prednisolone : A glucocorticoid that is prednisone in which the oxo group at position 11 has been reduced to the corresponding beta-hydroxy group. It is a drug metabolite of prednisone.	4.34	4	1	11beta-hydroxy steroid; 17alpha-hydroxy steroid; 20-oxo steroid; 21-hydroxy steroid; 3-oxo-Delta(1),Delta(4)-steroid; C21-steroid; glucocorticoid; primary alpha-hydroxy ketone; tertiary alpha-hydroxy ketone	adrenergic agent; anti-inflammatory drug; antineoplastic agent; drug metabolite; environmental contaminant; immunosuppressive agent; xenobiotic
estriol hormonin: estrogen replacement; each tablet contains 600 ug micronized 17beta-estradiol, 270 ug estriol and 1.4 mg estrone. chlorapatite : A phosphate mineral with the formula Ca5(PO4)3Cl.	2.55	2	0	16alpha-hydroxy steroid; 17beta-hydroxy steroid; 3-hydroxy steroid	estrogen; human metabolite; human xenobiotic metabolite; mouse metabolite
lysergic acid diethylamide Lysergic Acid Diethylamide: Semisynthetic derivative of ergot (Claviceps purpurea). It has complex effects on serotonergic systems including antagonism at some peripheral serotonin receptors, both agonist and antagonist actions at central nervous system serotonin receptors, and possibly effects on serotonin turnover. It is a potent hallucinogen, but the mechanisms of that effect are not well understood.. lysergic acid diethylamide : An ergoline alkaloid arising from formal condensation of lysergic acid with diethylamine.	5.09	8	0	ergoline alkaloid; monocarboxylic acid amide; organic heterotetracyclic compound	dopamine agonist; hallucinogen; serotonergic agonist
reserpine Reserpine: An alkaloid found in the roots of Rauwolfia serpentina and R. vomitoria. Reserpine inhibits the uptake of norepinephrine into storage vesicles resulting in depletion of catecholamines and serotonin from central and peripheral axon terminals. It has been used as an antihypertensive and an antipsychotic as well as a research tool, but its adverse effects limit its clinical use.. reserpine : An alkaloid found in the roots of Rauwolfia serpentina and R. vomitoria.	4.9	36	0	alkaloid ester; methyl ester; yohimban alkaloid	adrenergic uptake inhibitor; antihypertensive agent; EC 3.4.21.26 (prolyl oligopeptidase) inhibitor; environmental contaminant; first generation antipsychotic; plant metabolite; xenobiotic
cephaloridine Cephaloridine: A cephalosporin antibiotic.. cefaloridine : A cephalosporin compound having pyridinium-1-ylmethyl and 2-thienylacetamido side-groups. A first-generation semisynthetic derivative of cephalosporin C.	3.27	6	0	beta-lactam antibiotic allergen; cephalosporin; semisynthetic derivative	antibacterial drug
phentolamine Phentolamine: A nonselective alpha-adrenergic antagonist. It is used in the treatment of hypertension and hypertensive emergencies, pheochromocytoma, vasospasm of RAYNAUD DISEASE and frostbite, clonidine withdrawal syndrome, impotence, and peripheral vascular disease.. phentolamine : A substituted aniline that is 3-aminophenol in which the hydrogens of the amino group are replaced by 4-methylphenyl and 4,5-dihydro-1H-imidazol-2-ylmethyl groups respectively. An alpha-adrenergic antagonist, it is used for the treatment of hypertension.	4.46	23	0	imidazoles; phenols; substituted aniline; tertiary amino compound	alpha-adrenergic antagonist; vasodilator agent
sorbitol D-glucitol : The D-enantiomer of glucitol (also known as D-sorbitol).	4.86	13	0	glucitol	cathartic; Escherichia coli metabolite; food humectant; human metabolite; laxative; metabolite; mouse metabolite; Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite; sweetening agent
alloxan Alloxan: Acidic compound formed by oxidation of URIC ACID. It is isolated as an efflorescent crystalline hydrate.. alloxan : A member of the class of pyrimidones, the structure of which is that of perhydropyrimidine substituted at C-2, -4, -5 and -6 by oxo groups.	2.69	3	0	pyrimidone	hyperglycemic agent; metabolite
thymidine [no description available]	4.07	15	0	pyrimidine 2'-deoxyribonucleoside	Escherichia coli metabolite; human metabolite; metabolite; mouse metabolite
floxuridine Floxuridine: An antineoplastic antimetabolite that is metabolized to fluorouracil when administered by rapid injection; when administered by slow, continuous, intra-arterial infusion, it is converted to floxuridine monophosphate. It has been used to treat hepatic metastases of gastrointestinal adenocarcinomas and for palliation in malignant neoplasms of the liver and gastrointestinal tract.. floxuridine : A pyrimidine 2'-deoxyribonucleoside compound having 5-fluorouracil as the nucleobase; used to treat hepatic metastases of gastrointestinal adenocarcinomas and for palliation in malignant neoplasms of the liver and gastrointestinal tract.	2.42	2	0	nucleoside analogue; organofluorine compound; pyrimidine 2'-deoxyribonucleoside	antimetabolite; antineoplastic agent; antiviral drug; radiosensitizing agent
piperonyl butoxide [no description available]	2.48	2	0	benzodioxoles	pesticide synergist
bromouracil Bromouracil: 5-Bromo-2,4(1H,3H)-pyrimidinedione. Brominated derivative of uracil that acts as an antimetabolite, substituting for thymine in DNA. It is used mainly as an experimental mutagen, but its deoxyriboside (BROMODEOXYURIDINE) is used to treat neoplasms.. 5-bromouracil : A pyrimidine having keto groups at the 2- and 4-positions and a bromo group at the 5-position. Used mainly as an experimental mutagen.	2.05	1	0	nucleobase analogue; pyrimidines	mutagen
3,3',5-triiodothyroacetic acid tiratricol : A monocarboxylic acid that is (4-hydroxy-3,5-diiodophenyl)acetic acid in which the phenolic hydroxy group has been replaced by a 4-hydroxy-3-iodophenoxy group. It is a thyroid hormone analogue that has been used in the treatment of thyroid hormone resistance syndrome.	2.05	1	0
hydroxyproline Hydroxyproline: A hydroxylated form of the imino acid proline. A deficiency in ASCORBIC ACID can result in impaired hydroxyproline formation.. hydroxyproline : A proline derivative that is proline substituted by at least one hydroxy group.	5.75	16	0	4-hydroxyproline; L-alpha-amino acid zwitterion	human metabolite; mouse metabolite; plant metabolite
histamine dihydrochloride Ceplene: Tradename for histamine dihydrochloride.	2.05	1	0
thyroxine Thyroxine: The major hormone derived from the thyroid gland. Thyroxine is synthesized via the iodination of tyrosines (MONOIODOTYROSINE) and the coupling of iodotyrosines (DIIODOTYROSINE) in the THYROGLOBULIN. Thyroxine is released from thyroglobulin by proteolysis and secreted into the blood. Thyroxine is peripherally deiodinated to form TRIIODOTHYRONINE which exerts a broad spectrum of stimulatory effects on cell metabolism.. thyroxine : An iodothyronine compound having iodo substituents at the 3-, 3'-, 5- and 5'-positions.	4.33	20	0	2-halophenol; iodophenol; L-phenylalanine derivative; non-proteinogenic L-alpha-amino acid; thyroxine zwitterion; thyroxine	antithyroid drug; human metabolite; mouse metabolite; thyroid hormone
dextroamphetamine Dextroamphetamine: The d-form of AMPHETAMINE. It is a central nervous system stimulant and a sympathomimetic. It has also been used in the treatment of narcolepsy and of attention deficit disorders and hyperactivity in children. Dextroamphetamine has multiple mechanisms of action including blocking uptake of adrenergics and dopamine, stimulating release of monamines, and inhibiting monoamine oxidase. It is also a drug of abuse and a psychotomimetic.. (S)-amphetamine : A 1-phenylpropan-2-amine that has S configuration.	4.64	27	0	1-phenylpropan-2-amine	adrenergic agent; adrenergic uptake inhibitor; dopamine uptake inhibitor; dopaminergic agent; neurotoxin; sympathomimetic agent
carbachol Carbachol: A slowly hydrolyzed CHOLINERGIC AGONIST that acts at both MUSCARINIC RECEPTORS and NICOTINIC RECEPTORS.	7.5	163	0	ammonium salt; carbamate ester	cardiotonic drug; miotic; muscarinic agonist; nicotinic acetylcholine receptor agonist; non-narcotic analgesic
norethindrone acetate norethisterone acetate : A 3-oxo Delta(4)-steroid that is norethisterone in which the hydroxy group has been converted to its acetate ester.	2.05	1	0	3-oxo-Delta(4) steroid; acetate ester; terminal acetylenic compound	progestin; synthetic oral contraceptive
spironolactone Spironolactone: A potassium sparing diuretic that acts by antagonism of aldosterone in the distal renal tubules. It is used mainly in the treatment of refractory edema in patients with congestive heart failure, nephrotic syndrome, or hepatic cirrhosis. Its effects on the endocrine system are utilized in the treatments of hirsutism and acne but they can lead to adverse effects. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p827). spironolactone : A steroid lactone that is 17alpha-pregn-4-ene-21,17-carbolactone substituted by an oxo group at position 3 and an alpha-acetylsulfanyl group at position 7.	2.75	3	0	3-oxo-Delta(4) steroid; oxaspiro compound; steroid lactone; thioester	aldosterone antagonist; antihypertensive agent; diuretic; environmental contaminant; xenobiotic
cyclobarbital cyclobarbital: was heading 1977-94 (see under BARBITURATES 1977-90); CYCLOBARBITONE, HEXEMAL, & TETRAHYDROPHENOBARBITAL were see CYCLOBARBITAL 1977-94; use BARBITURATES to search CYCLOBARBITAL 1977-94; short to intermediate duration barbiturate used as hypnotic and sedative	2.05	1	0	barbiturates
aldosterone [no description available]	4.01	4	0	11beta-hydroxy steroid; 18-oxo steroid; 20-oxo steroid; 21-hydroxy steroid; 3-oxo-Delta(4) steroid; C21-steroid hormone; mineralocorticoid; primary alpha-hydroxy ketone; steroid aldehyde	human metabolite; mouse metabolite
allobarbital allobarbital: was heading 1976-94 (see under BARBITURATES 1976-90); ALLOBARBITONE, DIALLYLBARBITAL, DIALLYLBARBITURIC ACID, & DIALLYLMAL were see ALLOBARBITAL 1976-94; use BARBITURATES to search ALLOBARBITAL 1976-94; a barbiturate derivative with effects of intermediate duration; at lower doses, it is used as a sedative; at higher doses, it displays hypnotic effects	2.05	1	0	barbiturates
pentolinium tartrate Pentolinium Tartrate: A nicotinic antagonist that has been used as a ganglionic blocking agent in hypertension.. pentolinium tartrate : The bitartrate salt of pentolinium.	2.7	3	0	tartrate salt	antihypertensive agent
penicillamine Penicillamine: 3-Mercapto-D-valine. The most characteristic degradation product of the penicillin antibiotics. It is used as an antirheumatic and as a chelating agent in Wilson's disease.. penicillamine : An alpha-amino acid having the structure of valine substituted at the beta position with a sulfanyl group.	6.54	46	1	non-proteinogenic alpha-amino acid; penicillamine	antirheumatic drug; chelator; copper chelator; drug allergen
trichlorfon Trichlorfon: An organochlorophosphate cholinesterase inhibitor that is used as an insecticide for the control of flies and roaches. It is also used in anthelmintic compositions for animals. (From Merck, 11th ed). trichlorfon : A phosphonic ester that is dimethyl phosphonate in which the hydrogen atom attched to the phosphorous is substituted by a 2,2,2-trichloro-1-hydroxyethyl group.	2.05	1	0	organic phosphonate; organochlorine compound; phosphonic ester	agrochemical; anthelminthic drug; EC 3.1.1.7 (acetylcholinesterase) inhibitor; EC 3.1.1.8 (cholinesterase) inhibitor; insecticide
cysteine [no description available]	2.39	2	0	cysteine zwitterion; cysteine; L-alpha-amino acid; proteinogenic amino acid; serine family amino acid	EC 4.3.1.3 (histidine ammonia-lyase) inhibitor; flour treatment agent; human metabolite
prednisone Prednisone: A synthetic anti-inflammatory glucocorticoid derived from CORTISONE. It is biologically inert and converted to PREDNISOLONE in the liver.. prednisone : A synthetic glucocorticoid drug that is particularly effective as an immunosuppressant, and affects virtually all of the immune system. Prednisone is a prodrug that is converted by the liver into prednisolone (a beta-hydroxy group instead of the oxo group at position 11), which is the active drug and also a steroid.	4.9	4	2	11-oxo steroid; 17alpha-hydroxy steroid; 20-oxo steroid; 21-hydroxy steroid; 3-oxo-Delta(1),Delta(4)-steroid; C21-steroid; glucocorticoid; primary alpha-hydroxy ketone; tertiary alpha-hydroxy ketone	adrenergic agent; anti-inflammatory drug; antineoplastic agent; immunosuppressive agent; prodrug
estrone Hydroxyestrones: Estrone derivatives substituted with one or more hydroxyl groups in any position. They are important metabolites of estrone and other estrogens.	3.42	7	0	17-oxo steroid; 3-hydroxy steroid; phenolic steroid; phenols	antineoplastic agent; bone density conservation agent; estrogen; human metabolite; mouse metabolite
methylprednisolone acetate Methylprednisolone Acetate: Methylprednisolone derivative that is used as an anti-inflammatory agent for the treatment of ALLERGY and ALLERGIC RHINITIS; ASTHMA; and BURSITIS; and for the treatment of ADRENAL INSUFFICIENCY.. methylprednisolone acetate : An acetate ester resulting from the formal condensation of the 21-hydroxy function of 6alpha-methylprednisolone compound with acetic acid.	2.1	1	0	11beta-hydroxy steroid; 17alpha-hydroxy steroid; 20-oxo steroid; 3-oxo-Delta(1),Delta(4)-steroid; acetate ester; glucocorticoid; steroid ester; tertiary alpha-hydroxy ketone	anti-inflammatory drug
oxandrolone Oxandrolone: A synthetic hormone with anabolic and androgenic properties.	2.05	1	0	17beta-hydroxy steroid; 3-oxo steroid; anabolic androgenic steroid; oxa-steroid	anabolic agent; androgen
etiocholanolone Etiocholanolone: The 5-beta-reduced isomer of ANDROSTERONE. Etiocholanolone is a major metabolite of TESTOSTERONE and ANDROSTENEDIONE in many mammalian species including humans. It is excreted in the URINE.. 3alpha-hydroxy-5beta-androstan-17-one : An androstanoid that is 5beta-androstane substituted by an alpha-hydroxy group at position 3 and an oxo group at position 17. It is a metabolite of testosterone in mammals.	2	1	0	17-oxo steroid; 3alpha-hydroxy steroid; androstanoid	human metabolite; mouse metabolite
dehydroepiandrosterone Dehydroepiandrosterone: A major C19 steroid produced by the ADRENAL CORTEX. It is also produced in small quantities in the TESTIS and the OVARY. Dehydroepiandrosterone (DHEA) can be converted to TESTOSTERONE; ANDROSTENEDIONE; ESTRADIOL; and ESTRONE. Most of DHEA is sulfated (DEHYDROEPIANDROSTERONE SULFATE) before secretion.. dehydroepiandrosterone : An androstanoid that is androst-5-ene substituted by a beta-hydroxy group at position 3 and an oxo group at position 17. It is a naturally occurring steroid hormone produced by the adrenal glands.	5.91	12	0	17-oxo steroid; 3beta-hydroxy-Delta(5)-steroid; androstanoid	androgen; human metabolite; mouse metabolite
nad [no description available]	2.05	1	0	NAD	geroprotector
dichlororibofuranosylbenzimidazole Dichlororibofuranosylbenzimidazole: An RNA polymerase II transcriptional inhibitor. This compound terminates transcription prematurely by selective inhibition of RNA synthesis. It is used in research to study underlying mechanisms of cellular regulation.	2.01	1	0
2-acetylaminofluorene 2-Acetylaminofluorene: A hepatic carcinogen whose mechanism of activation involves N-hydroxylation to the aryl hydroxamic acid followed by enzymatic sulfonation to sulfoxyfluorenylacetamide. It is used to study the carcinogenicity and mutagenicity of aromatic amines.	1.93	1	0	2-acetamidofluorenes	antimitotic; carcinogenic agent; epitope; mutagen
penicillin g Penicillin G: A penicillin derivative commonly used in the form of its sodium or potassium salts in the treatment of a variety of infections. It is effective against most gram-positive bacteria and against gram-negative cocci. It has also been used as an experimental convulsant because of its actions on GAMMA-AMINOBUTYRIC ACID mediated synaptic transmission.. benzylpenicillin : A penicillin in which the substituent at position 6 of the penam ring is a phenylacetamido group.	3.7	10	0	penicillin allergen; penicillin	antibacterial drug; drug allergen; epitope
pilocarpine Pilocarpine: A slowly hydrolyzed muscarinic agonist with no nicotinic effects. Pilocarpine is used as a miotic and in the treatment of glaucoma.. (+)-pilocarpine : The (+)-enantiomer of pilocarpine.	6.6	76	0	pilocarpine	antiglaucoma drug
dimethylphenylpiperazinium iodide Dimethylphenylpiperazinium Iodide: A selective nicotinic cholinergic agonist used as a research tool. DMPP activates nicotinic receptors in autonomic ganglia but has little effect at the neuromuscular junction.	3.38	7	0	N-arylpiperazine; organic iodide salt; piperazinium salt; quaternary ammonium salt	nicotinic acetylcholine receptor agonist
pentylenetetrazole Pentylenetetrazole: A pharmaceutical agent that displays activity as a central nervous system and respiratory stimulant. It is considered a non-competitive GAMMA-AMINOBUTYRIC ACID antagonist. Pentylenetetrazole has been used experimentally to study seizure phenomenon and to identify pharmaceuticals that may control seizure susceptibility.. pentetrazol : An organic heterobicyclic compound that is 1H-tetrazole in which the hydrogens at positions 1 and 5 are replaced by a pentane-1,5-diyl group. A central and respiratory stimulant, it was formerly used for the treatment of cough and other respiratory tract disorders, cardiovascular disorders including hypotension, and pruritis.	10.84	90	0	organic heterobicyclic compound; organonitrogen heterocyclic compound
amifampridine Amifampridine: 4-Aminopyridine derivative that acts as a POTASSIUM CHANNEL blocker to increase release of ACETYLCHOLINE from nerve terminals. It is used in the treatment of CONGENITAL MYASTHENIC SYNDROMES.	2.38	2	0	aminopyridine
triiodothyronine Triiodothyronine: A T3 thyroid hormone normally synthesized and secreted by the thyroid gland in much smaller quantities than thyroxine (T4). Most T3 is derived from peripheral monodeiodination of T4 at the 5' position of the outer ring of the iodothyronine nucleus. The hormone finally delivered and used by the tissues is mainly T3.. 3,3',5-triiodo-L-thyronine : An iodothyronine compound having iodo substituents at the 3-, 3'- and 5-positions. Although some is produced in the thyroid, most of the 3,3',5-triiodo-L-thyronine in the body is generated by mono-deiodination of L-thyroxine in the peripheral tissues. Its metabolic activity is about 3 to 5 times that of L-thyroxine. The sodium salt is used in the treatment of hypothyroidism.	5.59	17	0	2-halophenol; amino acid zwitterion; iodophenol; iodothyronine	human metabolite; mouse metabolite; thyroid hormone
diethylnitrosamine Diethylnitrosamine: A nitrosamine derivative with alkylating, carcinogenic, and mutagenic properties.. N-nitrosodiethylamine : A nitrosamine that is N-ethylethanamine substituted by a nitroso group at the N-atom.	2.21	1	0	nitrosamine	carcinogenic agent; hepatotoxic agent; mutagen
(4-(m-chlorophenylcarbamoyloxy)-2-butynyl)trimethylammonium chloride (4-(m-Chlorophenylcarbamoyloxy)-2-butynyl)trimethylammonium Chloride: A drug that selectively activates certain subclasses of muscarinic receptors and also activates postganglionic nicotinic receptors. It is commonly used experimentally to distinguish muscarinic receptor subtypes.	3.25	6	0
isoflurophate Isoflurophate: A di-isopropyl-fluorophosphate which is an irreversible cholinesterase inhibitor used to investigate the NERVOUS SYSTEM.	3.06	5	0	dialkyl phosphate
biguanides Biguanides: Derivatives of biguanide (the structure formula HN(C(NH)NH2)2) that are primarily used as oral HYPOGLYCEMIC AGENTS for the treatment of DIABETES MELLITUS, TYPE 2 and PREDIABETES.. biguanides : A class of oral hypoglycemic drugs used for diabetes mellitus or prediabetes treatment. They have a structure based on the 2-carbamimidoylguanidine skeleton.	4.07	15	0	guanidines
carbon tetrachloride Carbon Tetrachloride: A solvent for oils, fats, lacquers, varnishes, rubber waxes, and resins, and a starting material in the manufacturing of organic compounds. Poisoning by inhalation, ingestion or skin absorption is possible and may be fatal. (Merck Index, 11th ed). tetrachloromethane : A chlorocarbon that is methane in which all the hydrogens have been replaced by chloro groups.	2.39	2	0	chlorocarbon; chloromethanes	hepatotoxic agent; refrigerant
alanine Alanine: A non-essential amino acid that occurs in high levels in its free state in plasma. It is produced from pyruvate by transamination. It is involved in sugar and acid metabolism, increases IMMUNITY, and provides energy for muscle tissue, BRAIN, and the CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM.. alanine : An alpha-amino acid that consists of propionic acid bearing an amino substituent at position 2.	18.69	1,058	15	alanine zwitterion; alanine; L-alpha-amino acid; proteinogenic amino acid; pyruvate family amino acid	EC 4.3.1.15 (diaminopropionate ammonia-lyase) inhibitor; fundamental metabolite
serine Serine: A non-essential amino acid occurring in natural form as the L-isomer. It is synthesized from GLYCINE or THREONINE. It is involved in the biosynthesis of PURINES; PYRIMIDINES; and other amino acids.. serine : An alpha-amino acid that is alanine substituted at position 3 by a hydroxy group.	17	599	5	L-alpha-amino acid; proteinogenic amino acid; serine family amino acid; serine zwitterion; serine	algal metabolite; Escherichia coli metabolite; human metabolite; mouse metabolite; Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite
benz(a)anthracene benz(a)anthracene: 4 fused rings of which one is angular in contrast to the linear NAPHTHACENES. tetraphene : An angular ortho-fused polycyclic arene consisting of four fused benzene rings.	2.21	1	0	ortho-fused polycyclic arene; tetraphenes
chloramphenicol Amphenicol: Chloramphenicol and its derivatives.	3.91	13	0	C-nitro compound; carboxamide; diol; organochlorine compound	antibacterial drug; antimicrobial agent; Escherichia coli metabolite; geroprotector; Mycoplasma genitalium metabolite; protein synthesis inhibitor
aspartic acid Aspartic Acid: One of the non-essential amino acids commonly occurring in the L-form. It is found in animals and plants, especially in sugar cane and sugar beets. It may be a neurotransmitter.. aspartic acid : An alpha-amino acid that consists of succinic acid bearing a single alpha-amino substituent. L-aspartic acid : The L-enantiomer of aspartic acid.	25.28	4,367	64	aspartate family amino acid; aspartic acid; L-alpha-amino acid; proteinogenic amino acid	Escherichia coli metabolite; mouse metabolite; neurotransmitter
glutamine Glutamine: A non-essential amino acid present abundantly throughout the body and is involved in many metabolic processes. It is synthesized from GLUTAMIC ACID and AMMONIA. It is the principal carrier of NITROGEN in the body and is an important energy source for many cells.. L-glutamine : An optically active form of glutamine having L-configuration.. glutamine : An alpha-amino acid that consists of butyric acid bearing an amino substituent at position 2 and a carbamoyl substituent at position 4.	25.83	2,888	83	amino acid zwitterion; glutamine family amino acid; glutamine; L-alpha-amino acid; polar amino acid zwitterion; proteinogenic amino acid	EC 1.14.13.39 (nitric oxide synthase) inhibitor; Escherichia coli metabolite; human metabolite; metabolite; micronutrient; mouse metabolite; nutraceutical; Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite
lysine Lysine: An essential amino acid. It is often added to animal feed.. lysine : A diamino acid that is caproic (hexanoic) acid bearing two amino substituents at positions 2 and 6.. L-lysine : An L-alpha-amino acid; the L-isomer of lysine.	20.09	1,105	39	aspartate family amino acid; L-alpha-amino acid zwitterion; L-alpha-amino acid; lysine; organic molecular entity; proteinogenic amino acid	algal metabolite; anticonvulsant; Escherichia coli metabolite; human metabolite; micronutrient; mouse metabolite; nutraceutical; plant metabolite; Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite
allyl isothiocyanate allyl isothiocyanate: used in the manufacture of flavors, war gases; medical use as a counterirritant; structure. allyl isothiocyanate : An isothiocyanate with the formula CH2=CHCH2N=C=S. A colorless oil with boiling point 152degreeC, it is responsible for the pungent taste of mustard, horseradish, and wasabi.	2.45	2	0	alkenyl isothiocyanate; isothiocyanate	antimicrobial agent; antineoplastic agent; apoptosis inducer; lachrymator; metabolite
cetrimonium bromide cetyltrimethylammonium bromide : The organic bromide salt that is the bromide salt of cetyltrimethylammonium; one of the components of the topical antiseptic cetrimide.	2.05	1	0	organic bromide salt; quaternary ammonium salt	detergent; surfactant
cyanides Cyanides: Inorganic salts of HYDROGEN CYANIDE containing the -CN radical. The concept also includes isocyanides. It is distinguished from NITRILES, which denotes organic compounds containing the -CN radical.. cyanides : Salts and C-organyl derivatives of hydrogen cyanide, HC#N.. isocyanide : The isomer HN(+)#C(-) of hydrocyanic acid, HC#N, and its hydrocarbyl derivatives RNC (RN(+)#C(-)).. cyanide : A pseudohalide anion that is the conjugate base of hydrogen cyanide.	9.59	26	0	pseudohalide anion	EC 1.9.3.1 (cytochrome c oxidase) inhibitor
dimazine dimazine: RN given refers to parent cpd. 1,1-dimethylhydrazine : A member of the class of hydrazines that is hydrazine substituted by two methyl groups at position 1.	1.94	1	0	hydrazines	carcinogenic agent; fuel; teratogenic agent
vincristine [no description available]	2.05	1	0	acetate ester; formamides; methyl ester; organic heteropentacyclic compound; organic heterotetracyclic compound; tertiary alcohol; tertiary amino compound; vinca alkaloid	antineoplastic agent; drug; microtubule-destabilising agent; plant metabolite; tubulin modulator
physostigmine Physostigmine: A cholinesterase inhibitor that is rapidly absorbed through membranes. It can be applied topically to the conjunctiva. It also can cross the blood-brain barrier and is used when central nervous system effects are desired, as in the treatment of severe anticholinergic toxicity.	4.67	28	0	carbamate ester; indole alkaloid	antidote to curare poisoning; EC 3.1.1.8 (cholinesterase) inhibitor; miotic
sulfamic acid sulfamic acid: standard in alkalimetry; RN given refers to parent cpd; structure. sulfamic acid : The simplest of the sulfamic acids consisting of a single sulfur atom covalently bound by single bonds to hydroxy and amino groups and by double bonds to two oxygen atoms.	2.45	2	0	sulfamic acids
sucrose Saccharum: A plant genus of the family POACEAE widely cultivated in the tropics for the sweet cane that is processed into sugar.	8.99	103	1	glycosyl glycoside	algal metabolite; Escherichia coli metabolite; human metabolite; mouse metabolite; osmolyte; Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite; sweetening agent
ethinyl estradiol Ethinyl Estradiol: A semisynthetic alkylated ESTRADIOL with a 17-alpha-ethinyl substitution. It has high estrogenic potency when administered orally, and is often used as the estrogenic component in ORAL CONTRACEPTIVES.. 17alpha-ethynylestradiol : A 3-hydroxy steroid that is estradiol substituted by a ethynyl group at position 17. It is a xenoestrogen synthesized from estradiol and has been shown to exhibit high estrogenic potency on oral administration.	2.72	3	0	17-hydroxy steroid; 3-hydroxy steroid; terminal acetylenic compound	xenoestrogen
testosterone propionate Testosterone Propionate: An ester of TESTOSTERONE with a propionate substitution at the 17-beta position.. androgen : A sex hormone that stimulates or controls the development and maintenance of masculine characteristics in vertebrates by binding to androgen receptors.	3.02	4	0	steroid ester
tubocurarine Tubocurarine: A neuromuscular blocker and active ingredient in CURARE; plant based alkaloid of Menispermaceae.. tubocurarine : A benzylisoquinoline alkaloid muscle relaxant which constitutes the active component of curare.. isoquinoline alkaloid : Any alkaloid that has a structure based on an isoquinoline nucleus. They are derived from the amino acids like tyrosine and phenylalanine.	4.29	19	0	bisbenzylisoquinoline alkaloid	drug allergen; muscle relaxant; nicotinic antagonist
apomorphine Apomorphine: A derivative of morphine that is a dopamine D2 agonist. It is a powerful emetic and has been used for that effect in acute poisoning. It has also been used in the diagnosis and treatment of parkinsonism, but its adverse effects limit its use.	5.3	54	0	aporphine alkaloid	alpha-adrenergic drug; antidyskinesia agent; antiparkinson drug; dopamine agonist; emetic; serotonergic drug
aminopyrine Aminopyrine: A pyrazolone with analgesic, anti-inflammatory, and antipyretic properties but has risk of AGRANULOCYTOSIS. A breath test with 13C-labeled aminopyrine has been used as a non-invasive measure of CYTOCHROME P-450 metabolic activity in LIVER FUNCTION TESTS.. aminophenazone : A pyrazolone that is 1,2-dihydro-3H-pyrazol-3-one substituted by a dimethylamino group at position 4, methyl groups at positions 1 and 5 and a phenyl group at position 2. It exhibits analgesic, anti-inflammatory, and antipyretic properties.	3.06	5	0	pyrazolone; tertiary amino compound	antipyretic; environmental contaminant; non-narcotic analgesic; non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug; xenobiotic
methyltestosterone Methyltestosterone: A synthetic hormone used for androgen replacement therapy and as an hormonal antineoplastic agent (ANTINEOPLASTIC AGENTS, HORMONAL).. methyltestosterone : A 17beta-hydroxy steroid that is testosterone bearing a methyl group at the 17alpha position.	2.42	2	0	17beta-hydroxy steroid; 3-oxo-Delta(4) steroid; enone	anabolic agent; androgen; antineoplastic agent
tetrabenazine 9,10-dimethoxy-3-isobutyl-1,3,4,6,7,11b-hexahydro-2H-pyrido[2,1-a]isoquinolin-2-one : A benzoquinolizine that is 1,2,3,4,4a,9,10,10a-octahydrophenanthrene in which the carbon at position 10a is replaced by a nitrogen and which is substituted by an isobutyl group at position 2, an oxo group at position 3, and methoxy groups at positions 6 and 7.	3.11	5	0	benzoquinolizine; cyclic ketone; tertiary amino compound
adenosine diphosphate Adenosine Diphosphate: Adenosine 5'-(trihydrogen diphosphate). An adenine nucleotide containing two phosphate groups esterified to the sugar moiety at the 5'-position.	12.03	180	2	adenosine 5'-phosphate; purine ribonucleoside 5'-diphosphate	fundamental metabolite; human metabolite
cephalothin Cephalothin: A cephalosporin antibiotic.. cefalotin : A semisynthetic, first-generation cephalosporin antibiotic with acetoxymethyl and (2-thienylacetyl)nitrilo moieties at positions 3 and 7, respectively, of the core structure. Administered parenterally during surgery and to treat a wide spectrum of blood infections.	2.71	3	0	azabicycloalkene; beta-lactam antibiotic allergen; carboxylic acid; cephalosporin; semisynthetic derivative; thiophenes	antibacterial drug; antimicrobial agent
2,3,4,6-tetrachlorophenol 2,3,4,6-tetrachlorophenol: RN given refers to parent cpd; see also record for tetrachlorophenol with locants for chloro groups not specified. 2,3,4,6-tetrachlorophenol : A tetrachlorophenol in which the chlorines are located at positions 2, 3, 4, and 6.	3.91	3	0	tetrachlorophenol	xenobiotic metabolite
uridine [no description available]	8.89	12	0	uridines	drug metabolite; fundamental metabolite; human metabolite
uridine monophosphate Uridine Monophosphate: 5'-Uridylic acid. A uracil nucleotide containing one phosphate group esterified to the sugar moiety in the 2', 3' or 5' position.. uridine 5'-monophosphate : A pyrimidine ribonucleoside 5'-monophosphate having uracil as the nucleobase.	2.21	1	0	pyrimidine ribonucleoside 5'-monophosphate; uridine 5'-phosphate	Escherichia coli metabolite; human metabolite; mouse metabolite
uridine diphosphate Uridine Diphosphate: A uracil nucleotide containing a pyrophosphate group esterified to C5 of the sugar moiety.	4.02	5	0	pyrimidine ribonucleoside 5'-diphosphate; uridine 5'-phosphate	Escherichia coli metabolite; mouse metabolite
kanamycin a Kanamycin: Antibiotic complex produced by Streptomyces kanamyceticus from Japanese soil. Comprises 3 components: kanamycin A, the major component, and kanamycins B and C, the minor components.. kanamycin : Kanamycin is a naturally occurring antibiotic complex from Streptomyces kanamyceticus that consists of several components: kanamycin A, the major component (also usually designated as kanamycin), and kanamycins B, C, D and X the minor components.	3.5	8	0	kanamycins	bacterial metabolite
bromodeoxyuridine Bromodeoxyuridine: A nucleoside that substitutes for thymidine in DNA and thus acts as an antimetabolite. It causes breaks in chromosomes and has been proposed as an antiviral and antineoplastic agent. It has been given orphan drug status for use in the treatment of primary brain tumors.	4.63	26	0	pyrimidine 2'-deoxyribonucleoside	antimetabolite; antineoplastic agent
galactose galactopyranose : The pyranose form of galactose.	4.76	30	0	D-galactose; galactopyranose	Escherichia coli metabolite; mouse metabolite
carbostyril Quinolones: A group of derivatives of naphthyridine carboxylic acid, quinoline carboxylic acid, or NALIDIXIC ACID.. quinolin-2(1H)-one : A quinolone that is 1,2-dihydroquinoline substituted by an oxo group at position 2.	6.92	20	0	monohydroxyquinoline; quinolone	bacterial xenobiotic metabolite
piperoxan Piperoxan: A benzodioxane alpha-adrenergic blocking agent with considerable stimulatory action. It has been used to diagnose PHEOCHROMOCYTOMA and as an antihypertensive agent.	2.36	2	0
phenylephrine Phenylephrine: An alpha-1 adrenergic agonist used as a mydriatic, nasal decongestant, and cardiotonic agent.. phenylephrine : A member of the class of the class of phenylethanolamines that is (1R)-2-(methylamino)-1-phenylethan-1-ol carrying an additional hydroxy substituent at position 3 on the phenyl ring.	5.39	59	0	phenols; phenylethanolamines; secondary amino compound	alpha-adrenergic agonist; cardiotonic drug; mydriatic agent; nasal decongestant; protective agent; sympathomimetic agent; vasoconstrictor agent
benzoxazolone benzoxazolone: RN given refers to parent cpd; structure. 2-benzoxazolinone : A member of the class of benzoxazoles that is 2,3-dihydro-1,3-benzoxazole carrying an oxo group at position 2.	2.13	1	0	benzoxazole	allelochemical; phytoalexin
levodopa Levodopa: The naturally occurring form of DIHYDROXYPHENYLALANINE and the immediate precursor of DOPAMINE. Unlike dopamine itself, it can be taken orally and crosses the blood-brain barrier. It is rapidly taken up by dopaminergic neurons and converted to DOPAMINE. It is used for the treatment of PARKINSONIAN DISORDERS and is usually given with agents that inhibit its conversion to dopamine outside of the central nervous system.. L-dopa : An optically active form of dopa having L-configuration. Used to treat the stiffness, tremors, spasms, and poor muscle control of Parkinson's disease	11.63	101	3	amino acid zwitterion; dopa; L-tyrosine derivative; non-proteinogenic L-alpha-amino acid	allelochemical; antidyskinesia agent; antiparkinson drug; dopaminergic agent; hapten; human metabolite; mouse metabolite; neurotoxin; plant growth retardant; plant metabolite; prodrug
edetic acid Edetic Acid: A chelating agent that sequesters a variety of polyvalent cations such as CALCIUM. It is used in pharmaceutical manufacturing and as a food additive.	6.14	41	0	ethylenediamine derivative; polyamino carboxylic acid; tetracarboxylic acid	anticoagulant; antidote; chelator; copper chelator; geroprotector
tributyrin tributyrin: structure. tributyrin : A triglyceride obtained by formal acylation of the three hydroxy groups of glycerol by butyric acid.	2	1	0	butyrate ester; triglyceride	antineoplastic agent; apoptosis inducer; EC 3.5.1.98 (histone deacetylase) inhibitor; prodrug; protective agent
p-dimethylaminoazobenzene p-Dimethylaminoazobenzene: A reagent used mainly to induce experimental liver cancer. According to the Fourth Annual Report on Carcinogens (NTP 85-002, p. 89) published in 1985, this compound may reasonably be anticipated to be a carcinogen. (Merck, 11th ed)	2.37	2	0	azobenzenes
phenylethyl alcohol Phenylethyl Alcohol: An antimicrobial, antiseptic, and disinfectant that is used also as an aromatic essence and preservative in pharmaceutics and perfumery.. 2-phenylethanol : A primary alcohol that is ethanol substituted by a phenyl group at position 2.	3.31	6	0	benzenes; primary alcohol	Aspergillus metabolite; fragrance; plant growth retardant; plant metabolite; Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite
tyrosine Tyrosine: A non-essential amino acid. In animals it is synthesized from PHENYLALANINE. It is also the precursor of EPINEPHRINE; THYROID HORMONES; and melanin.. tyrosine : An alpha-amino acid that is phenylalanine bearing a hydroxy substituent at position 4 on the phenyl ring.	14.73	380	5	amino acid zwitterion; erythrose 4-phosphate/phosphoenolpyruvate family amino acid; L-alpha-amino acid; proteinogenic amino acid; tyrosine	EC 1.3.1.43 (arogenate dehydrogenase) inhibitor; fundamental metabolite; micronutrient; nutraceutical
cysteamine Cysteamine: A mercaptoethylamine compound that is endogenously derived from the COENZYME A degradative pathway. The fact that cysteamine is readily transported into LYSOSOMES where it reacts with CYSTINE to form cysteine-cysteamine disulfide and CYSTEINE has led to its use in CYSTINE DEPLETING AGENTS for the treatment of CYSTINOSIS.. cysteamine : An amine that consists of an ethane skeleton substituted with a thiol group at C-1 and an amino group at C-2.	4.35	4	0	amine; thiol	geroprotector; human metabolite; mouse metabolite; radiation protective agent
phlorhizin [no description available]	1.99	1	0	aryl beta-D-glucoside; dihydrochalcones; monosaccharide derivative	antioxidant; plant metabolite
methoxamine Methoxamine: An alpha-1 adrenergic agonist that causes prolonged peripheral VASOCONSTRICTION.. methoxamine : An amphetamine in which the parent 1-phenylpropan-2-amine skeleton is substituted at position 1 with an hydroxy group and the phenyl ring is 2- and 5-substituted with methoxy groups. It is an antihypotensive agent (pressor), an agonist acting directly at alpha-adrenoceptors with selectivity for the alpha-1 adrenoceptor subtype similar to phenylephrine .	4.34	6	0	amphetamines	alpha-adrenergic agonist; antihypotensive agent
adenosine monophosphate Adenosine Monophosphate: Adenine nucleotide containing one phosphate group esterified to the sugar moiety in the 2'-, 3'-, or 5'-position.	5.14	45	0	adenosine 5'-phosphate; purine ribonucleoside 5'-monophosphate	adenosine A1 receptor agonist; cofactor; EC 3.1.3.1 (alkaline phosphatase) inhibitor; EC 3.1.3.11 (fructose-bisphosphatase) inhibitor; fundamental metabolite; micronutrient; nutraceutical
niridazole Niridazole: An antischistosomal agent that has become obsolete.	2.05	1	0	1,3-thiazoles; C-nitro compound
4-deoxypyridoxine 4-deoxypyridoxine: RN given refers to parent cpd; structure; pyridoxine antagonist. 4-deoxypyridoxine : A pyridine ring substituted with methyl groups at positions 2 and 4, a hydroxyl at position 3, and a hydroxymethyl group at position 5.	2.37	2	0	hydroxymethylpyridine; methylpyridines; monohydroxypyridine	metabolite
methylene blue Methylene Blue: A compound consisting of dark green crystals or crystalline powder, having a bronze-like luster. Solutions in water or alcohol have a deep blue color. Methylene blue is used as a bacteriologic stain and as an indicator. It inhibits GUANYLATE CYCLASE, and has been used to treat cyanide poisoning and to lower levels of METHEMOGLOBIN.. methylene blue : An organic chloride salt having 3,7-bis(dimethylamino)phenothiazin-5-ium as the counterion. A commonly used dye that also exhibits antioxidant, antimalarial, antidepressant and cardioprotective properties.	3.95	13	0	organic chloride salt	acid-base indicator; antidepressant; antimalarial; antimicrobial agent; antioxidant; cardioprotective agent; EC 1.4.3.4 (monoamine oxidase) inhibitor; EC 3.1.1.8 (cholinesterase) inhibitor; EC 4.6.1.2 (guanylate cyclase) inhibitor; fluorochrome; histological dye; neuroprotective agent; physical tracer
leucine Leucine: An essential branched-chain amino acid important for hemoglobin formation.. leucine : A branched-chain amino acid that consists of glycine in which one of the hydrogens attached to the alpha-carbon is substituted by an isobutyl group.	18.56	430	41	amino acid zwitterion; L-alpha-amino acid; leucine; proteinogenic amino acid; pyruvate family amino acid	algal metabolite; Escherichia coli metabolite; human metabolite; mouse metabolite; plant metabolite; Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite
ethyl methanesulfonate Ethyl Methanesulfonate: An antineoplastic agent with alkylating properties. It also acts as a mutagen by damaging DNA and is used experimentally for that effect.. ethyl methanesulfonate : A methanesulfonate ester resulting from the formal condensation of methanesulfonic acid with ethanol.	3.5	8	0	methanesulfonate ester	alkylating agent; antineoplastic agent; carcinogenic agent; genotoxin; mutagen; teratogenic agent
methacholine chloride Methacholine Chloride: A quaternary ammonium parasympathomimetic agent with the muscarinic actions of ACETYLCHOLINE. It is hydrolyzed by ACETYLCHOLINESTERASE at a considerably slower rate than ACETYLCHOLINE and is more resistant to hydrolysis by nonspecific CHOLINESTERASES so that its actions are more prolonged. It is used as a parasympathomimetic bronchoconstrictor agent and as a diagnostic aid for bronchial asthma. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p1116)	4.48	5	1	quaternary ammonium salt
aniline [no description available]	2.42	2	0	anilines; primary arylamine
2-aminoisobutyric acid 2-aminoisobutyric acid: RN given refers to unlabeled cpd. 2-aminoisobutyric acid : A rare, non-protein amino acid and end-product of pyrimidine metabolism, excreted in urine and found in some antibiotics of fungal origin. With the exception of a few bacteria, it is non-metabolisable, and therefore used in bioassays.	3.24	6	0	2,2-dialkylglycine zwitterion; 2,2-dialkylglycine
androstenedione Androstenedione: A delta-4 C19 steroid that is produced not only in the TESTIS, but also in the OVARY and the ADRENAL CORTEX. Depending on the tissue type, androstenedione can serve as a precursor to TESTOSTERONE as well as ESTRONE and ESTRADIOL.. androst-4-ene-3,17-dione : A 3-oxo Delta(4)-steroid that is androst-4-ene substituted by oxo groups at positions 3 and 17. It is a steroid hormone synthesized in the adrenal glands and gonads.	4.04	5	0	17-oxo steroid; 3-oxo-Delta(4) steroid; androstanoid	androgen; Daphnia magna metabolite; human metabolite; mouse metabolite
carbaryl Carbaryl: A carbamate insecticide and parasiticide. It is a potent anticholinesterase agent belonging to the carbamate group of reversible cholinesterase inhibitors. It has a particularly low toxicity from dermal absorption and is used for control of head lice in some countries.. carbaryl : A carbamate ester obtained by the formal condensation of 1-naphthol with methylcarbamic acid.	2.41	2	0	carbamate ester; naphthalenes	acaricide; agrochemical; carbamate insecticide; EC 3.1.1.7 (acetylcholinesterase) inhibitor; EC 3.1.1.8 (cholinesterase) inhibitor; plant growth retardant
cytidine monophosphate Cytidine Monophosphate: Cytidine (dihydrogen phosphate). A cytosine nucleotide containing one phosphate group esterified to the sugar moiety in the 2', 3' or 5' position.. cytidine 5'-monophosphate : A pyrimidine ribonucleoside 5'-monophosphate having cytosine as the nucleobase.	2.07	1	0	cytidine 5'-phosphate; pyrimidine ribonucleoside 5'-monophosphate	Escherichia coli metabolite; human metabolite; mouse metabolite
uridine triphosphate Uridine Triphosphate: Uridine 5'-(tetrahydrogen triphosphate). A uracil nucleotide containing three phosphate groups esterified to the sugar moiety.	4.03	5	0	pyrimidine ribonucleoside 5'-triphosphate; uridine 5'-phosphate	Escherichia coli metabolite; mouse metabolite
lactose Lactose: A disaccharide of GLUCOSE and GALACTOSE in human and cow milk. It is used in pharmacy for tablets, in medicine as a nutrient, and in industry.. lactose : A glycosylglucose disaccharide, found most notably in milk, that consists of D-galactose and D-glucose fragments bonded through a beta-1->4 glycosidic linkage. The glucose fragment can be in either the alpha- or beta-pyranose form, whereas the galactose fragment can only have the beta-pyranose form.. beta-lactose : The beta-anomer of lactose.	7.18	29	1	lactose
methionine Methionine: A sulfur-containing essential L-amino acid that is important in many body functions.. methionine : A sulfur-containing amino acid that is butyric acid bearing an amino substituent at position 2 and a methylthio substituent at position 4.	11.44	159	2	aspartate family amino acid; L-alpha-amino acid; methionine zwitterion; methionine; proteinogenic amino acid	antidote to paracetamol poisoning; human metabolite; micronutrient; mouse metabolite; nutraceutical
1,2-dipalmitoylphosphatidylcholine 1,2-Dipalmitoylphosphatidylcholine: Synthetic phospholipid used in liposomes and lipid bilayers to study biological membranes. It is also a major constituent of PULMONARY SURFACTANTS.	3.3	6	0
phenylalanine Phenylalanine: An essential aromatic amino acid that is a precursor of MELANIN; DOPAMINE; noradrenalin (NOREPINEPHRINE), and THYROXINE.. L-phenylalanine : The L-enantiomer of phenylalanine.. phenylalanine : An aromatic amino acid that is alanine in which one of the methyl hydrogens is substituted by a phenyl group.	12.96	257	3	amino acid zwitterion; erythrose 4-phosphate/phosphoenolpyruvate family amino acid; L-alpha-amino acid; phenylalanine; proteinogenic amino acid	algal metabolite; EC 3.1.3.1 (alkaline phosphatase) inhibitor; Escherichia coli metabolite; human xenobiotic metabolite; micronutrient; mouse metabolite; nutraceutical; plant metabolite; Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite
Mebutamate [no description available]	2.05	1	0	organic molecular entity
diethyl sulfate diethyl sulfate: RN given refers to parent cpd; structure. diethyl sulfate : The diethyl ester of sulfuric acid.	2.07	1	0	alkyl sulfate	alkylating agent; apoptosis inducer; carcinogenic agent; mutagen
desoxycorticosterone Desoxycorticosterone: A steroid metabolite that is the 11-deoxy derivative of CORTICOSTERONE and the 21-hydroxy derivative of PROGESTERONE	2.69	3	0	20-oxo steroid; 21-hydroxy steroid; 3-oxo-Delta(4) steroid; mineralocorticoid; primary alpha-hydroxy ketone	human metabolite; mouse metabolite
colchicine (S)-colchicine : A colchicine that has (S)-configuration. It is a secondary metabolite, has anti-inflammatory properties and is used to treat gout, crystal-induced joint inflammation, familial Mediterranean fever, and many other conditions.	5.61	24	0	alkaloid; colchicine	anti-inflammatory agent; gout suppressant; mutagen
gallamine triethiodide Gallamine Triethiodide: A synthetic nondepolarizing blocking drug. The actions of gallamine triethiodide are similar to those of TUBOCURARINE, but this agent blocks the cardiac vagus and may cause sinus tachycardia and, occasionally, hypertension and increased cardiac output. It should be used cautiously in patients at risk from increased heart rate but may be preferred for patients with bradycardia. (From AMA Drug Evaluations Annual, 1992, p198)	2.9	4	0
cytidine [no description available]	4.81	7	1	cytidines	Escherichia coli metabolite; human metabolite; mouse metabolite; Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite
cytidine triphosphate Cytidine Triphosphate: Cytidine 5'-(tetrahydrogen triphosphate). A cytosine nucleotide containing three phosphate groups esterified to the sugar moiety.	2.92	4	0	cytidine 5'-phosphate; pyrimidine ribonucleoside 5'-triphosphate	Escherichia coli metabolite; mouse metabolite
strophanthidin Strophanthidin: 3 beta,5,14-Trihydroxy-19-oxo-5 beta-card-20(22)-enolide. The aglycone cardioactive agent isolated from Strophanthus Kombe, S. gratus and other species; it is a very toxic material formerly used as digitalis. Synonyms: Apocymarin; Corchorin; Cynotoxin; Corchorgenin.	2.66	3	0	14beta-hydroxy steroid; 19-oxo steroid; 3beta-hydroxy steroid; 5beta-hydroxy steroid; cardenolides; steroid aldehyde
cycloheximide Cycloheximide: Antibiotic substance isolated from streptomycin-producing strains of Streptomyces griseus. It acts by inhibiting elongation during protein synthesis.. cycloheximide : A dicarboximide that is 4-(2-hydroxyethyl)piperidine-2,6-dione in which one of the hydrogens attached to the carbon bearing the hydroxy group is replaced by a 3,5-dimethyl-2-oxocyclohexyl group. It is an antibiotic produced by the bacterium Streptomyces griseus.	10.5	66	0	antibiotic fungicide; cyclic ketone; dicarboximide; piperidine antibiotic; piperidones; secondary alcohol	anticoronaviral agent; bacterial metabolite; ferroptosis inhibitor; neuroprotective agent; protein synthesis inhibitor
egtazic acid Egtazic Acid: A chelating agent relatively more specific for calcium and less toxic than EDETIC ACID.. ethylene glycol bis(2-aminoethyl)tetraacetic acid : A diether that is ethylene glycol in which the hydrogens of the hydroxy groups have been replaced by 2-[bis(carboxymethyl)amino]ethyl group respectively.	9.91	197	0	diether; tertiary amino compound; tetracarboxylic acid	chelator
barbituric acid barbituric acid: RN given refers to parent cpd; structure from Merck Index, 9th ed, #966. barbituric acid : A barbiturate, the structure of which is that of perhydropyrimidine substituted at C-2, -4 and -6 by oxo groups. Barbituric acid is the parent compound of barbiturate drugs, although it is not itself pharmacologically active.	1.93	1	0	barbiturates	allergen; xenobiotic
chloroform Chloroform: A commonly used laboratory solvent. It was previously used as an anesthetic, but was banned from use in the U.S. due to its suspected carcinogenicity.. chloroform : A one-carbon compound that is methane in which three of the hydrogens are replaced by chlorines.	2.68	3	0	chloromethanes; one-carbon compound	carcinogenic agent; central nervous system drug; inhalation anaesthetic; non-polar solvent; refrigerant
gliotoxin Gliotoxin: A fungal toxin produced by various species of Trichoderma, Gladiocladium fimbriatum, Aspergillus fumigatus, and Penicillium. It is used as an immunosuppressive agent.. gliotoxin : A pyrazinoindole with a disulfide bridge spanning a dioxo-substituted pyrazine ring; mycotoxin produced by several species of fungi.	2.4	2	0	dipeptide; organic disulfide; organic heterotetracyclic compound; pyrazinoindole	antifungal agent; EC 2.5.1.58 (protein farnesyltransferase) inhibitor; immunosuppressive agent; mycotoxin; proteasome inhibitor
sodium citrate, anhydrous Sodium Citrate: Sodium salts of citric acid that are used as buffers and food preservatives. They are used medically as anticoagulants in stored blood, and for urine alkalization in the prevention of KIDNEY STONES.. sodium citrate : The trisodium salt of citric acid.	2.1	1	0	organic sodium salt	anticoagulant; flavouring agent
dimethylformamide Dimethylformamide: A formamide in which the amino hydrogens are replaced by methyl groups.. N,N-dimethylformamide : A member of the class of formamides that is formamide in which the amino hydrogens are replaced by methyl groups.	2.02	1	0	formamides; volatile organic compound	geroprotector; hepatotoxic agent; polar aprotic solvent
norethindrone Norethindrone: A synthetic progestational hormone with actions similar to those of PROGESTERONE but functioning as a more potent inhibitor of ovulation. It has weak estrogenic and androgenic properties. The hormone has been used in treating amenorrhea, functional uterine bleeding, endometriosis, and for CONTRACEPTION.. norethisterone : A 17beta-hydroxy steroid that is testosterone in which the hydrogen at position 17 is replaced by an ethynyl group and in which the methyl group attached to position 10 is replaced by hydrogen.	2.05	1	0	17beta-hydroxy steroid; 3-oxo-Delta(4) steroid; terminal acetylenic compound; tertiary alcohol	progestin; synthetic oral contraceptive
norethynodrel Norethynodrel: A synthetic progestational hormone with actions and uses similar to those of PROGESTERONE. It has been used in the treatment of functional uterine bleeding and ENDOMETRIOSIS. As a contraceptive (CONTRACEPTIVE AGENTS), it has usually been administered in combination with MESTRANOL.	2.4	2	0	oxo steroid
cycloserine Cycloserine: Antibiotic substance produced by Streptomyces garyphalus.. D-cycloserine : A 4-amino-1,2-oxazolidin-3-one that has R configuration. It is an antibiotic produced by Streptomyces garyphalus or S. orchidaceus and is used as part of a multi-drug regimen for the treatment of tuberculosis when resistance to, or toxicity from, primary drugs has developed. An analogue of D-alanine, it interferes with bacterial cell wall synthesis in the cytoplasm by competitive inhibition of L-alanine racemase (which forms D-alanine from L-alanine) and D-alanine--D-alanine ligase (which incorporates D-alanine into the pentapeptide required for peptidoglycan formation and bacterial cell wall synthesis).	10.33	28	1	4-amino-1,2-oxazolidin-3-one; organonitrogen heterocyclic antibiotic; organooxygen heterocyclic antibiotic; zwitterion	antiinfective agent; antimetabolite; antitubercular agent; metabolite; NMDA receptor agonist
benziodarone benziodarone: minor descriptor (75-89); on-line & INDEX MEDICUS search BENZOFURANS (68-89) & IODOBENZOATES (74)	2.05	1	0	aromatic ketone
chlorisondamine Chlorisondamine: A nicotinic antagonist used primarily as a ganglionic blocker in animal research. It has been used as an antihypertensive agent but has been supplanted by more specific drugs in most clinical applications.	3.58	9	0	isoindoles
ampicillin Ampicillin: Semi-synthetic derivative of penicillin that functions as an orally active broad-spectrum antibiotic.. ampicillin : A penicillin in which the substituent at position 6 of the penam ring is a 2-amino-2-phenylacetamido group.	3.13	5	0	beta-lactam antibiotic; penicillin allergen; penicillin	antibacterial drug
mannitol [no description available]	6.85	35	2	mannitol	allergen; antiglaucoma drug; compatible osmolytes; Escherichia coli metabolite; food anticaking agent; food bulking agent; food humectant; food stabiliser; food thickening agent; hapten; metabolite; osmotic diuretic; sweetening agent
cytarabine [no description available]	4.14	16	0	beta-D-arabinoside; monosaccharide derivative; pyrimidine nucleoside	antimetabolite; antineoplastic agent; antiviral agent; immunosuppressive agent
dithionitrobenzoic acid Dithionitrobenzoic Acid: A standard reagent for the determination of reactive sulfhydryl groups by absorbance measurements. It is used primarily for the determination of sulfhydryl and disulfide groups in proteins. The color produced is due to the formation of a thio anion, 3-carboxyl-4-nitrothiophenolate.. dithionitrobenzoic acid : An organic disulfide that results from the formal oxidative dimerisation of 2-nitro-5-thiobenzoic acid. An indicator used to quantify the number or concentration of thiol groups.	3.78	11	0	nitrobenzoic acid; organic disulfide	indicator
phenacyl bromide phenacyl bromide: structure. phenacyl bromide : An alpha-bromoketone that is acetophenone substituted by a bromo group at position 2.	1.97	1	0	acetophenones; alpha-bromoketone	metabolite
ornithine Ornithine: An amino acid produced in the urea cycle by the splitting off of urea from arginine.. ornithine : An alpha-amino acid that is pentanoic acid bearing two amino substituents at positions 2 and 5.	11.16	131	5	non-proteinogenic L-alpha-amino acid; ornithine	algal metabolite; hepatoprotective agent; mouse metabolite
dinitrofluorobenzene Dinitrofluorobenzene: Irritants and reagents for labeling terminal amino acid groups.. 1-fluoro-2,4-dinitrobenzene : The organofluorine compound that is benzene with a fluoro substituent at the 1-position and two nitro substituents in the 2- and 4-positions.	2.39	2	0	C-nitro compound; organofluorine compound	agrochemical; allergen; chromatographic reagent; EC 2.7.3.2 (creatine kinase) inhibitor; protein-sequencing agent; spectrophotometric reagent
asparagine Asparagine: A non-essential amino acid that is involved in the metabolic control of cell functions in nerve and brain tissue. It is biosynthesized from ASPARTIC ACID and AMMONIA by asparagine synthetase. (From Concise Encyclopedia Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, 3rd ed). asparagine : An alpha-amino acid in which one of the hydrogens attached to the alpha-carbon of glycine is substituted by a 2-amino-2-oxoethyl group.	11.2	289	1	amino acid zwitterion; asparagine; aspartate family amino acid; L-alpha-amino acid; proteinogenic amino acid	Escherichia coli metabolite; human metabolite; micronutrient; mouse metabolite; nutraceutical; plant metabolite; Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite
histidine Histidine: An essential amino acid that is required for the production of HISTAMINE.. L-histidine : The L-enantiomer of the amino acid histidine.. histidine : An alpha-amino acid that is propanoic acid bearing an amino substituent at position 2 and a 1H-imidazol-4-yl group at position 3.	11.49	438	1	amino acid zwitterion; histidine; L-alpha-amino acid; polar amino acid zwitterion; proteinogenic amino acid	algal metabolite; Escherichia coli metabolite; human metabolite; micronutrient; mouse metabolite; nutraceutical; Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite
n-pentanol n-pentanol: RN given refers to parent cpd. pentan-1-ol : A short-chain primary fatty alcohol that is pentane in which a hydrogen of one of the methyl groups is substituted by a hydroxy group. It has been isolated from Melicope ptelefolia.	2.78	3	0	pentanol; short-chain primary fatty alcohol	human metabolite; plant metabolite
medroxyprogesterone acetate [no description available]	3.28	6	0	20-oxo steroid; 3-oxo-Delta(4) steroid; acetate ester; corticosteroid; steroid ester	adjuvant; androgen; antineoplastic agent; antioxidant; female contraceptive drug; inhibitor; progestin; synthetic oral contraceptive
veratridine [no description available]	2.05	1	0	steroid	sodium channel modulator
valine Valine: A branched-chain essential amino acid that has stimulant activity. It promotes muscle growth and tissue repair. It is a precursor in the penicillin biosynthetic pathway.. valine : A branched-chain amino acid that consists of glycine in which one of the hydrogens attached to the alpha-carbon is substituted by an isopropyl group.. L-valine : The L-enantiomer of valine.	15.84	425	5	L-alpha-amino acid zwitterion; L-alpha-amino acid; proteinogenic amino acid; pyruvate family amino acid; valine	algal metabolite; Escherichia coli metabolite; human metabolite; micronutrient; mouse metabolite; nutraceutical; Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite
threonine Threonine: An essential amino acid occurring naturally in the L-form, which is the active form. It is found in eggs, milk, gelatin, and other proteins.. threonine : An alpha-amino acid in which one of the hydrogens attached to the alpha-carbon of glycine is substituted by a 1-hydroxyethyl group.	12.34	226	1	amino acid zwitterion; aspartate family amino acid; L-alpha-amino acid; proteinogenic amino acid; threonine	algal metabolite; Escherichia coli metabolite; human metabolite; micronutrient; mouse metabolite; nutraceutical; plant metabolite; Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite
mestranol [no description available]	2.4	2	0	17beta-hydroxy steroid; aromatic ether; terminal acetylenic compound	prodrug; xenoestrogen
methaqualone Methaqualone: A quinazoline derivative with hypnotic and sedative properties. It has been withdrawn from the market in many countries because of problems with abuse. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p604). methaqualone : A member of the class of quinazolines that is quinazolin-4-one substituted at positions 2 and 3 by methyl and o-tolyl groups respectively. A depressant that increases the activity of the GABA receptors in the brain and nervous system, it is used as a sedative and hypnotic medication. It became popular as a recreational drug and club drug in the late 1960s and 1970s.	2.05	1	0	quinazolines	GABA agonist; sedative
trypan blue VisionBlue: A trypan blue ophthalmic solution.	2.05	1	0
cordycepin [no description available]	2.81	3	0	3'-deoxyribonucleoside; adenosines	antimetabolite; nucleoside antibiotic
tryptophan Tryptophan: An essential amino acid that is necessary for normal growth in infants and for NITROGEN balance in adults. It is a precursor of INDOLE ALKALOIDS in plants. It is a precursor of SEROTONIN (hence its use as an antidepressant and sleep aid). It can be a precursor to NIACIN, albeit inefficiently, in mammals.. tryptophan : An alpha-amino acid that is alanine bearing an indol-3-yl substituent at position 3.	9.95	204	0	erythrose 4-phosphate/phosphoenolpyruvate family amino acid; L-alpha-amino acid zwitterion; L-alpha-amino acid; proteinogenic amino acid; tryptophan zwitterion; tryptophan	antidepressant; Escherichia coli metabolite; human metabolite; micronutrient; mouse metabolite; nutraceutical; plant metabolite; Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite
isoleucine Isoleucine: An essential branched-chain aliphatic amino acid found in many proteins. It is an isomer of LEUCINE. It is important in hemoglobin synthesis and regulation of blood sugar and energy levels.. isoleucine : A 2-amino-3-methylpentanoic acid having either (2R,3R)- or (2S,3S)-configuration.. L-isoleucine : The L-enantiomer of isoleucine.	13.57	116	0	aspartate family amino acid; isoleucine; L-alpha-amino acid zwitterion; L-alpha-amino acid; proteinogenic amino acid	algal metabolite; Escherichia coli metabolite; human metabolite; mouse metabolite; plant metabolite; Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite
nifenalol nifenalol: adrenergic beta-blocker with good antiarrhythmic properties; also tends to lower blood pressure & provide protection against angina; minor descriptor (75-86); on-line & INDEX MEDICUS search ETHANOLAMINES (75-86); RN given refers to parent cpd without isomeric designation	2.06	1	0	C-nitro compound
n,n'-diphenyl-4-phenylenediamine N,N'-diphenyl-4-phenylenediamine: in veterinary medicine, has been used to prevent vitamin E deficiency in lambs; structure. N,N'-diphenyl-1,4-phenylenediamine : An N-substituted diamine that is 1,4-phenylenediamine in which one hydrogen from each amino group is replaced by a phenyl group.	2.43	2	0	N-substituted diamine; secondary amino compound	antioxidant
arginine Arginine: An essential amino acid that is physiologically active in the L-form.. arginine : An alpha-amino acid that is glycine in which the alpha-is substituted by a 3-guanidinopropyl group.	18.37	933	13	arginine; glutamine family amino acid; L-alpha-amino acid; proteinogenic amino acid	biomarker; Escherichia coli metabolite; micronutrient; mouse metabolite; nutraceutical
ethylene Plastipore: high density polyethylene sponge biocompatible material; used as posts in dental bridges	3.62	9	0	alkene; gas molecular entity	plant hormone; refrigerant
acetylene [no description available]	2.9	4	0	alkyne; gas molecular entity; terminal acetylenic compound
methyl iodide methyl iodide: RN given refers to unlabeled cpd with MF of CH3-I. iodomethane : A member of the class of iodomethanes that is methane in which one of the hydrogens is replaced by iodine.	2.41	2	0	iodomethanes; methyl halides	fumigant insecticide
methylamine methyl group : An alkyl group that is the univalent group derived from methane by removal of a hydrogen atom.	4.14	16	0	methylamines; one-carbon compound; primary aliphatic amine	mouse metabolite
boranes Boranes: The collective name for the boron hydrides, which are analogous to the alkanes and silanes. Numerous boranes are known. Some have high calorific values and are used in high-energy fuels. (From Grant & Hackh's Chemical Dictionary, 5th ed). borane : The simplest borane, consisting of a single boron atom carrying three hydrogens.. boranes : The molecular hydrides of boron.	2.5	2	0	boranes; mononuclear parent hydride
ethylamine ethylamine : A two-carbon primary aliphatic amine.	8.59	8	0	primary aliphatic amine	human metabolite
acetonitrile acetonitrile: RN given refers to unlabeled cpd. acetonitrile : A nitrile that is hydrogen cyanide in which the hydrogen has been replaced by a methyl group.	2.73	3	0	aliphatic nitrile; volatile organic compound	EC 3.5.1.4 (amidase) inhibitor; NMR chemical shift reference compound; polar aprotic solvent
methylene chloride Methylene Chloride: A chlorinated hydrocarbon that has been used as an inhalation anesthetic and acts as a narcotic in high concentrations. Its primary use is as a solvent in manufacturing and food technology.. dichloromethane : A member of the class of chloromethanes that is methane in which two of the hydrogens have been replaced by chlorine. A dense, non-flammible colourless liquid at room temperature (b.p. 40degreeC, d = 1.33) which is immiscible with water, it is widely used as a solvent, a paint stripper, and for the removal of caffeine from coffee and tea.	2.72	3	0	chloromethanes; volatile organic compound	carcinogenic agent; polar aprotic solvent; refrigerant
carbon disulfide Carbon Disulfide: A colorless, flammable, poisonous liquid, CS2. It is used as a solvent, and is a counterirritant and has local anesthetic properties but is not used as such. It is highly toxic with pronounced CNS, hematologic, and dermatologic effects.	7.21	1	0	one-carbon compound; organosulfur compound
cyclopropane cyclopropane : A cycloalkane composed of three carbon atoms to form a ring.	2.11	1	0	cycloalkane; cyclopropanes	inhalation anaesthetic
acetyl chloride [no description available]	2.01	1	0	acyl chloride
tetramethylammonium tetramethylammonium: RN given refers to parent cpd. tetramethylammonium : The simplest quaternary ammonium cation, comprising a central nitrogen linked to four methyl groups.	3.09	5	0	quaternary ammonium ion
tert-butylthiol tert-butylthiol: RN given refers to parent cpd	1.99	1	0
methanesulfonic acid [no description available]	2.73	3	0	alkanesulfonic acid; one-carbon compound	Escherichia coli metabolite
trimethylchlorosilane trimethylsilyl chloride: structure in first source. chlorotrimethylsilane : A silyl chloride consisting of a central silicon atom covalently bound to one chloro and three methyl groups. Chlorotrimethylsilane is a derivatisation agent used in gas chromatography/mass spectrometry applications.	2.15	1	0	silyl chloride	chromatographic reagent
tribromoethanol tribromoethanol: major descriptor (66-90); on-line search ETHANOL (66-90); INDEX MEDICUS search TRIBROMOETHANOL (66-90)	2.05	1	0	alcohol; organobromine compound
trifluoroethanol Trifluoroethanol: A non-aqueous co-solvent that serves as tool to study protein folding. It is also used in various pharmaceutical, chemical and engineering applications.	3.27	6	0	fluoroalcohol
tert-butylhydroperoxide tert-Butylhydroperoxide: A direct-acting oxidative stress-inducing agent used to examine the effects of oxidant stress on Ca(2+)-dependent signal transduction in vascular endothelial cells. It is also used as a catalyst in polymerization reactions and to introduce peroxy groups into organic molecules.. tert-butyl hydroperoxide : An alkyl hydroperoxide in which the alkyl group is tert-butyl. It is widely used in a variety of oxidation processes.	3.96	13	0	alkyl hydroperoxide	antibacterial agent; oxidising agent
dalapon dalapon: RN given refers to parent cpd; structure	2	1	0	carboxylic acid; organohalogen compound
trichloroacetic acid Trichloroacetic Acid: A strong acid used as a protein precipitant in clinical chemistry and also as a caustic for removing warts.. trichloroacetic acid : A monocarboxylic acid that is acetic acid in which all three methyl hydrogens are substituted by chlorine.	2.43	2	0	monocarboxylic acid; organochlorine compound	carcinogenic agent; metabolite; mouse metabolite
trifluoroacetic acid Trifluoroacetic Acid: A very strong halogenated derivative of acetic acid. It is used in acid catalyzed reactions, especially those where an ester is cleaved in peptide synthesis.. trifluoroacetic acid : A monocarboxylic acid that is the trifluoro derivative of acetic acid.	3.8	3	0	fluoroalkanoic acid	human xenobiotic metabolite; NMR chemical shift reference compound; reagent
perflutren Definity: a fluorocarbon-filled ultrasonic contrast agent; Definity is tradename. octafluoropropane : A fluorocarbon that is propane in which all of the hydrogens have been replaced by fluorines.	2	1	0	fluoroalkane; fluorocarbon
triamcinolone acetonide Triamcinolone Acetonide: An esterified form of TRIAMCINOLONE. It is an anti-inflammatory glucocorticoid used topically in the treatment of various skin disorders. Intralesional, intramuscular, and intra-articular injections are also administered under certain conditions.. triamcinolone acetonide : A synthetic glucocorticoid that is the 16,17-acetonide of triamcinolone. Used to treat various skin infections.	2.05	1	0	11beta-hydroxy steroid; 20-oxo steroid; 21-hydroxy steroid; 3-oxo-Delta(4) steroid; cyclic ketal; fluorinated steroid; glucocorticoid; primary alpha-hydroxy ketone	anti-allergic agent; anti-inflammatory drug
bromcresol green Bromcresol Green: An indicator and reagent. It has been used in serum albumin determinations and as a pH indicator.	2.06	1	0	benzofurans
allylpropymal allylpropymal: RN given refers to parent cpd. aprobarbital : A member of the class of barbiturates that is pyrimidine-2,4,6(1H,3H,5H)-trione substituted by an isopropyl and a prop-1-en-3-yl group at position 5.	2.05	1	0	barbiturates
phencyclidine Phencyclidine: A hallucinogen formerly used as a veterinary anesthetic, and briefly as a general anesthetic for humans. Phencyclidine is similar to KETAMINE in structure and in many of its effects. Like ketamine, it can produce a dissociative state. It exerts its pharmacological action through inhibition of NMDA receptors (RECEPTORS, N-METHYL-D-ASPARTATE). As a drug of abuse, it is known as PCP and Angel Dust.. phencyclidine : A member of the class of piperidines that is piperidine in which the nitrogen is substituted with a 1-phenylcyclohexyl group. Formerly used as an anaesthetic agent, it exhibits both hallucinogenic and neurotoxic effects.	11.49	139	0	benzenes; piperidines	anaesthetic; neurotoxin; NMDA receptor antagonist; psychotropic drug
caramiphen caramiphen: structure	3.5	2	0	benzenes
butobarbital butobarbital: Butobarbital should be distinguished from Butabarbital (a synonym for Secbutabarbital)	2.05	1	0	barbiturates
divinyl sulfone divinyl sulfone: cross-linking reagent for agarose gels. divinyl sulfone : A sulfone compound having two S-vinyl substituents.	2.1	1	0	sulfone	cross-linking reagent
dimethyl sulfate dimethyl sulfate: RN given refers to unlabeled cpd; structure. dimethyl sulfate : The dimethyl ester of sulfuric acid.	2.06	1	0	alkyl sulfate	alkylating agent; immunosuppressive agent
tabun tabun: proposed as military nerve gas and exptl cholinesterase inhibitor; extremely poisonous; structure	2.69	3	0
tromethamine Tromethamine: An organic amine proton acceptor. It is used in the synthesis of surface-active agents and pharmaceuticals; as an emulsifying agent for cosmetic creams and lotions, mineral oil and paraffin wax emulsions, as a biological buffer, and used as an alkalizer. (From Merck, 11th ed; Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p1424)	3.61	9	0	primary amino compound; triol	buffer
quinic acid (-)-quinic acid : The (-)-enantiomer of quinic acid.	3.33	6	0
tetraethyl lead Tetraethyl Lead: A highly toxic compound used as a gasoline additive. It causes acute toxic psychosis or chronic poisoning if inhaled or absorbed through the skin.. tetraethyllead : An organolead compound consisting of four ethyl groups joined to a central lead atom.	2.37	2	0	organolead compound
3-mercaptopropionic acid 3-Mercaptopropionic Acid: An inhibitor of glutamate decarboxylase. It decreases the GAMMA-AMINOBUTYRIC ACID concentration in the brain, thereby causing convulsions.. 3-mercaptopropanoic acid : A mercaptopropanoic acid that is propanoic acid carrying a sulfanyl group at position 3.	8.8	11	0	mercaptopropanoic acid	algal metabolite
tri-o-cresyl phosphate tri-o-cresyl phosphate: see also related IMOL S-140	2.1	1	0
linalool linalool: RN given refers to parent cpd without isomeric designation; structure. linalool : A monoterpenoid that is octa-1,6-diene substituted by methyl groups at positions 3 and 7 and a hydroxy group at position 3. It has been isolated from plants like Ocimum canum.	4.33	7	0	monoterpenoid; tertiary alcohol	antimicrobial agent; fragrance; plant metabolite; volatile oil component
isoprene isoprene: used in manufacture of ''synthetic'' rubber, butyl rubber; copolymer in production of elastomers; structure. isoprene : A hemiterpene with the formula CH2=C(CH3)CH=CH2; the monomer of natural rubber and a common structure motif to the isoprenoids, a large class of other naturally occurring compounds.	2.36	2	0	alkadiene; hemiterpene; volatile organic compound	plant metabolite
isobutyl alcohol isobutyl alcohol: RN given refers to parent cpd	2.02	1	0	alkyl alcohol; primary alcohol	Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite
isobutyraldehyde isobutyraldehyde : A member of the class of propanals that is propanal substituted by a methyl group at position 2.	2.11	1	0	2-methyl-branched fatty aldehyde; propanals	Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite
trichloroethylene Trichloroethylene: A highly volatile inhalation anesthetic used mainly in short surgical procedures where light anesthesia with good analgesia is required. It is also used as an industrial solvent. Prolonged exposure to high concentrations of the vapor can lead to cardiotoxicity and neurological impairment.. triol : A chemical compound containing three hydroxy groups.	2.4	2	0	chloroethenes	inhalation anaesthetic; mouse metabolite
acrylamide [no description available]	4.71	6	1	acrylamides; N-acylammonia; primary carboxamide	alkylating agent; carcinogenic agent; Maillard reaction product; mutagen; neurotoxin
acrylic acid acrylic acid: RN given refers to parent cpd. acrylic acid : A alpha,beta-unsaturated monocarboxylic acid that is ethene substituted by a carboxy group.	8.11	5	0	alpha,beta-unsaturated monocarboxylic acid	metabolite
dichloroacetic acid [no description available]	3.79	11	0	monocarboxylic acid; organochlorine compound	astringent; marine metabolite
pantothenic acid Pantothenic Acid: A butyryl-beta-alanine that can also be viewed as pantoic acid complexed with BETA ALANINE. It is incorporated into COENZYME A and protects cells against peroxidative damage by increasing the level of GLUTATHIONE.. pantothenic acid : A member of the class of pantothenic acids that is an amide formed from pantoic acid and beta-alanine.. vitamin B5 : Any member of a group of vitamers that belong to the chemical structural class called pantothenic acids that exhibit biological activity against vitamin B5 deficiency. Deficiency of vitamin B5 is rare due to its widespread distribution in whole grain cereals, legumes and meat. Symptoms associated with vitamin B5 deficiency are difficult to asses since they are subtle and resemble those of other B vitamin deficiencies. The vitamers include (R)-pantothenic acid and its ionized and salt forms.. (R)-pantothenate : A pantothenate that is the conjugate base of (R)-pantothenic acid, obtained by deprotonation of the carboxy group.. (R)-pantothenic acid : A pantothenic acid having R-configuration.	8.21	6	0	pantothenic acid; vitamin B5	antidote to curare poisoning; geroprotector; human blood serum metabolite
bisphenol a 4,4'-isopropylidene diphenol: stimulates proliferative responses and cytokine productions of murine spleen cells and thymus cells in vitro. bisphenol : By usage, the methylenediphenols, HOC6H4CH2C6H4OH, commonly p,p-methylenediphenol, and their substitution products (generally derived from condensation of two equivalent amounts of a phenol with an aldehyde or ketone). The term also includes analogues in the the methylene (or substituted methylene) group has been replaced by a heteroatom.. bisphenol A : A bisphenol that is 4,4'-methanediyldiphenol in which the methylene hydrogens are replaced by two methyl groups.	8.75	10	0	bisphenol	endocrine disruptor; environmental contaminant; xenobiotic; xenoestrogen
bis(4-hydroxyphenyl)sulfone bis(4-hydroxyphenyl)sulfone: structure and RN in first source. 4,4'-sulfonyldiphenol : A sulfone that is diphenyl sulfone in which both of the para hydrogens have been replaced by hydroxy groups.	2.31	1	0	bisphenol; sulfone	endocrine disruptor; metabolite
cumene hydroperoxide cumene hydroperoxide: RN given refers to parent cpd. cumene hydroperoxide : A peroxol that is cumene in which the alpha-hydrogen is replaced by a hydroperoxy group.	2.91	4	0	peroxol	environmental contaminant; Mycoplasma genitalium metabolite; oxidising agent
dehydrocholic acid Dehydrocholic Acid: A semisynthetic bile acid made from cholic acid. It is used as a cholagogue, hydrocholeretic, diuretic, and as a diagnostic aid.. 3,7,12-trioxo-5beta-cholanic acid : An oxo-5beta-cholanic acid in which three oxo substituents are located at positions 3, 7 and 12 on the cholanic acid skeleton.	3.35	2	0	12-oxo steroid; 3-oxo-5beta-steroid; 7-oxo steroid; oxo-5beta-cholanic acid	gastrointestinal drug
taurocholic acid Taurocholic Acid: The product of conjugation of cholic acid with taurine. Its sodium salt is the chief ingredient of the bile of carnivorous animals. It acts as a detergent to solubilize fats for absorption and is itself absorbed. It is used as a cholagogue and cholerectic.. taurocholate : An organosulfonate oxoanion that is the conjugate base of taurocholic acid.. taurocholic acid : A bile acid taurine conjugate of cholic acid that usually occurs as the sodium salt of bile in mammals.	2.69	3	0	amino sulfonic acid; bile acid taurine conjugate	human metabolite
rhodamine b rhodamine B: RN & N1 from 9th CI Form Index; RN given refers to parent cpd; structure in Merck Index, 9th ed, #7973; TETRAETHYLRHODAMINE was see RHODAMINES 1975-93; use RHODAMINES to search TETRAETHYLRHODAMINE 1975-93. rhodamine B : An organic chloride salt having N-[9-(2-carboxyphenyl)-6-(diethylamino)-3H-xanthen-3-ylidene]-N-ethylethanaminium as the counterion. An amphoteric dye commonly used as a fluorochrome.	2.71	3	0	organic chloride salt; xanthene dye	fluorescent probe; fluorochrome; histological dye
1-aminonaphthalene-8-sulfonate 1-naphthylamine-8-sulfonic acid: structure in Merck Index, 9th ed, #6232	2.01	1	0
pyridoxic acid Pyridoxic Acid: The catabolic product of most of VITAMIN B 6; (PYRIDOXINE; PYRIDOXAL; and PYRIDOXAMINE) which is excreted in the urine.. 4-pyridoxic acid : A methylpyridine that is 2-methylpyridine substituted by a hydroxy group at C-3, a carboxy group at C-4, and a hydroxymethyl group at C-5. It is the catabolic product of vitamin B6 and is excreted in the urine.. 4-pyridoxate : A pyridoxate that is the conjugate base of 4-pyridoxic acid, obtained by deprotonation of the carboxy group.	2.21	1	0	hydroxymethylpyridine; methylpyridines; monohydroxypyridine; vitamin B6	human urinary metabolite; mouse metabolite
quinophthalone quinophthalone: found in hair preparations; causes contact dermatitis. quinoline yellow : A quinoline derivative with a 1,3-dioxoindan-2-yl substituent at C-2.	2.03	1	0	aromatic ketone; beta-diketone; quinolines	dye
skatole [no description available]	2.05	1	0	methylindole	human metabolite; mammalian metabolite
methylprednisolone Methylprednisolone: A PREDNISOLONE derivative with similar anti-inflammatory action.. 6alpha-methylprednisolone : The 6alpha-stereoisomer of 6-methylprednisolone.	4.64	10	0	6-methylprednisolone; primary alpha-hydroxy ketone; tertiary alpha-hydroxy ketone	adrenergic agent; anti-inflammatory drug; antiemetic; environmental contaminant; neuroprotective agent; xenobiotic
rotenone Derris: A plant genus of the family FABACEAE. The root is a source of rotenoids (ROTENONE) and flavonoids. Some species of Pongamia have been reclassified to this genus and some to MILLETTIA. Some species of Deguelia have been reclassified to this genus.. rotenoid : Members of the class of tetrahydrochromenochromene that consists of a cis-fused tetrahydrochromeno[3,4-b]chromene skeleton and its substituted derivatives. The term was originally restricted to natural products, but is now also used to describe semi-synthetic and fully synthetic compounds.	6.58	63	0	organic heteropentacyclic compound; rotenones	antineoplastic agent; metabolite; mitochondrial NADH:ubiquinone reductase inhibitor; phytogenic insecticide; piscicide; toxin
diquat Diquat: A contact herbicide used also to produce desiccation and defoliation. (From Merck Index, 11th ed). diquat : The organic cation formed formally by addition of an ethylene bridge between the nitrogen atoms of 2,2'-bipyridine. Most often available as the dibromide.	2.52	2	0	organic cation	defoliant; herbicide
phthalimide phthalimide: RN given refers to parent cpd. phthalimide : A dicarboximide that is 2,3-dihydro-1H-isoindole substituted by oxo groups at positions 1 and 3.	1.98	1	0	phthalimides
methyl n-methylanthranilate methyl N-methylanthranilate: structure in first source. methyl N-methylanthranilate : A methyl ester resulting from the formal condensation of the carboxy group of N-methylanthranilic acid with methanol.	2.1	1	0	benzoate ester; methyl ester; secondary amino compound; substituted aniline	animal metabolite; fungal metabolite; plant metabolite
fluorene [no description available]	2.33	2	0	ortho-fused polycyclic arene; ortho-fused tricyclic hydrocarbon
carbazole carbazole: structure in first source	1.99	1	0	carbazole
penicillin v Penicillin V: A broad-spectrum penicillin antibiotic used orally in the treatment of mild to moderate infections by susceptible gram-positive organisms.. phenoxymethylpenicillin : A penicillin compound having a 6beta-(phenoxyacetyl)amino side-chain.	1.97	1	0	penicillin allergen; penicillin
isosorbide dinitrate Isosorbide Dinitrate: A vasodilator used in the treatment of ANGINA PECTORIS. Its actions are similar to NITROGLYCERIN but with a slower onset of action.	2.7	3	0	glucitol derivative; nitrate ester	nitric oxide donor; vasodilator agent
penicillanic acid Penicillanic Acid: A building block of penicillin, devoid of significant antibacterial activity. (From Merck Index, 11th ed). penicillanic acid : A penam that consists of 3,3-dimethyl-7-oxo-4-thia-1-azabicyclo[3.2.0]heptane bearing a carboxy group at position 2 and having (2S,5R)-configuration.	2.93	4	0	penicillanic acids
xylitol xylooligosaccharide: structure in first source. pentitol : An alditol obtained by reduction of any pentose.. xylooligosaccharide : An oligosaccharide comprised of xylose residues.	2.39	2	0
n-vinyl-2-pyrrolidinone N-vinyl-2-pyrrolidinone: monomer of POVIDONE; structure given in first source	4.48	7	0	pyrrolidin-2-ones
2-furoic acid 2-furoic acid: RN given refers to parent cpd. furoic acid : A monocarboxylic acid that consists of a furan ring having a single carboxylic acid group on any ring position and derivatives thereof.. 2-furoic acid : A furoic acid having the carboxylic acid group located at position 2.	6.94	1	0	furoic acid	bacterial xenobiotic metabolite; human xenobiotic metabolite; inhibitor; plant metabolite; Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite
2-nitrotoluene nitrotoluene : Any member of the class of toluenes bearing one or more nitro substituents on the benzene ring.	1.98	1	0	mononitrotoluene	carcinogenic agent; environmental contaminant
picric acid picric acid: used as antiseptic, astringent & stimulant for epitheliazation; structure. picric acid : A C-nitro compound comprising phenol having three nitro substtituents at the 2-, 4- and 6-positions.	1.96	1	0	C-nitro compound	antiseptic drug; explosive; fixative
salicylaldehyde o-hydroxybenzaldehyde: structure in first source	2.05	1	0	hydroxybenzaldehyde	nematicide; plant metabolite
2-phenylphenol 2-phenylphenol: RN given refers to parent cpd; structure. biphenyl-2-ol : A member of the class of hydroxybiphenyls that is biphenyl substituted by a hydroxy group at position 2. It is generally used as a post-harvest fungicide for citrus fruits.	2.15	1	0	hydroxybiphenyls	antifungal agrochemical; environmental food contaminant
aminacrine Aminacrine: A highly fluorescent anti-infective dye used clinically as a topical antiseptic and experimentally as a mutagen, due to its interaction with DNA. It is also used as an intracellular pH indicator.. 9-aminoacridine : An aminoacridine that is acridine in which the hydrogen at position 9 is replaced by an amino group. A fluorescent dyd and topical antiseptic agent, it is used (usually as the hydrochloride salt) in eye drops for the treatment of superficial eye infections.	3.1	5	0	aminoacridines; primary amino compound	acid-base indicator; antiinfective agent; antiseptic drug; fluorescent dye; MALDI matrix material; mutagen
xanthone xanthone : The parent compound of the xanthone class consisting of xanthene bearing a single oxo substituent at position 9.	2.25	1	0	xanthones	insecticide
diethylpropion Diethylpropion: A appetite depressant considered to produce less central nervous system disturbance than most drugs in this therapeutic category. It is also considered to be among the safest for patients with hypertension. (From AMA Drug Evaluations Annual, 1994, p2290). diethylpropion : An aromatic ketone that is propiophenone in which one of the hydrogens alpha- to the carbonyl is substituted by a diethylamino group. A central stimulant and indirect-acting sympathomimetic, it is an appetite depressant and is used as the hydrochloride as an anoretic in the short term management of obesity.	2.71	3	0	aromatic ketone; tertiary amine	appetite depressant
michler's ketone [no description available]	1.98	1	0	benzophenones
quinoxalines quinoxaline : A naphthyridine in which the nitrogens are at positions 1 and 4.	12.9	544	1	mancude organic heterobicyclic parent; naphthyridine; ortho-fused heteroarene
1,2,3,4-tetrahydroisoquinoline 1,2,3,4-tetrahydroisoquinoline: RN given refers to cpd with locants as specified	2.4	2	0	isoquinolines
quinoline [no description available]	2	1	0	azaarene; mancude organic heterobicyclic parent; ortho-fused heteroarene; quinolines
uvitex swn Uvitex SWN: optical brightner from Ciba; structure	2.02	1	0	7-aminocoumarins	fluorochrome
isatin tribulin: endogenous MONOAMINE OXIDASE inhibitory activity extractable into ethyl acetate found in brain and many mammalian tissues and fluids; ISATIN is a major component; produced in excess following alcohol withdrawal;	2	1	0	indoledione	EC 1.4.3.4 (monoamine oxidase) inhibitor; plant metabolite
3,3'-diaminobenzidine 3,3'-Diaminobenzidine: A chemically and thermodynamically stable derivative of BENZIDINE.. 3,3'-diaminobenzidine : A member of the class of biphenyls that is benzidine in which one of the hydrogens ortho to each of the amino groups has been replaced by an amino group.	2	1	0	biphenyls; substituted aniline	histological dye
tolonium chloride Tolonium Chloride: A phenothiazine that has been used as a hemostatic, a biological stain, and a dye for wool and silk. Tolonium chloride has also been used as a diagnostic aid for oral and gastric neoplasms and in the identification of the parathyroid gland in thyroid surgery.. tolonium chloride : An organic chloride salt having 3-amino-7-(dimethylamino)-2-methylphenothiazin-5-ium (tolonium) as the counterion. It is a blue nuclear counterstain that can be used to demonstrate Nissl substance and is also useful for staining mast cell granules, both in metachromatic and orthochromatic techniques.	1.97	1	0
proflavine Proflavine: Topical antiseptic used mainly in wound dressings.. 3,6-diaminoacridine : An aminoacridine that is acridine that is substituted by amino groups at positions 3 and 6. A slow-acting bacteriostat that is effective against many Gram-positive bacteria (but ineffective against spores), its salts were formerly used for treatment of burns and infected wounds.	2.07	1	0	aminoacridines	antibacterial agent; antiseptic drug; carcinogenic agent; chromophore; intercalator
xanthenes Xanthenes: Compounds with three aromatic rings in linear arrangement with an OXYGEN in the center ring.	5.88	93	0	xanthene
phenothiazine 10H-phenothiazine : The 10H-tautomer of phenothiazine.	2.04	1	0	phenothiazine	ferroptosis inhibitor; plant metabolite; radical scavenger
veratryl alcohol (3,4-dimethoxyphenyl)methanol : A member of the class of benzyl alcohols that is benzyl alcohol in which the hydrogens at positions 3 and 4 of the phenyl group are substituted by methoxy groups.	1.99	1	0	benzyl alcohols; dimethoxybenzene; primary alcohol	fungal metabolite
2-naphthoic acid 2-naphthoic acid: RN given refers to parent cpd. 2-naphthoic acid : A naphthoic acid that is naphthalene carrying a carboxy group at position 2.	2.08	1	0	naphthoic acid	mouse metabolite; xenobiotic metabolite
quinaldic acid [no description available]	2	1	0	quinolinemonocarboxylic acid	human metabolite; Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite
methyleugenol methyleugenol: structure	2.1	1	0	phenylpropanoid
creosol [no description available]	2.03	1	0	methoxybenzenes; phenols
1-phenylpropanol 1-phenylpropanol: structure in first source	2.15	1	0	organic molecular entity
synephrine [no description available]	2.05	1	0	ethanolamines; phenethylamine alkaloid; phenols	alpha-adrenergic agonist; plant metabolite
propylparaben Parabens: Methyl, propyl, butyl, and ethyl esters of p-hydroxybenzoic acid. They have been approved by the FDA as antimicrobial agents for foods and pharmaceuticals. (From Hawley's Condensed Chemical Dictionary, 11th ed, p872)	2.72	3	0	benzoate ester; paraben; phenols	antifungal agent; antimicrobial agent
benzoyl peroxide Benzoyl Peroxide: A peroxide derivative that has been used topically for BURNS and as a dermatologic agent in the treatment of ACNE and POISON IVY DERMATITIS. It is used also as a bleach in the food industry.	2.05	1	0	carbonyl compound
benzotriazole benzotriazole: inhibitor of atmospheric metal corrosion; also component of motion picture film & Neva brake fluid. benzotriazole : The simplest member of the class of benzotriazoles that consists of a benzene nucleus fused to a 1H-1,2,3-triazole ring.	2.72	3	0	benzotriazoles	environmental contaminant; xenobiotic
styrene oxide styrene oxide: structure. styrene oxide : An epoxide that is oxirane in which one of the hydrogens has been replaced by a phenyl group.	2.39	2	0	epoxide	human xenobiotic metabolite
alpha-chlorohydrin alpha-Chlorohydrin: A chlorinated PROPANEDIOL with antifertility activity in males used as a chemosterilant in rodents.. 3-chloropropane-1,2-diol : A chloropropane-1,2-diol that is propane-1,2-diol substituted by a chloro group at position 3.	2.06	1	0	chloropropane-1,2-diol
4-butyrolactone 4-Butyrolactone: One of the FURANS with a carbonyl thereby forming a cyclic lactone. It is an endogenous compound made from gamma-aminobutyrate and is the precursor of gamma-hydroxybutyrate. It is also used as a pharmacological agent and solvent.. tetrahydrofuranone : Any oxolane having an oxo- substituent at any position on the tetrahydrofuran ring.. gamma-butyrolactone : A butan-4-olide that is tetrahydrofuran substituted by an oxo group at position 2.	2.7	3	0	butan-4-olide	metabolite; neurotoxin
soman Soman: An organophosphorus compound that inhibits cholinesterase. It causes seizures and has been used as a chemical warfare agent.	3.6	9	0	phosphonic ester
lactobionic acid [no description available]	1.98	1	0	disaccharide	antioxidant
sulfosalicylic acid 5-sulfosalicylic acid : An arenesulfonic acid that is benzoic acid substituted by a hydroxy at position C-2 and a sulfo group at C-5.	1.98	1	0	arenesulfonic acid; benzoic acids; phenols	metabolite
1,3-ditolylguanidine 1,3-ditolylguanidine: structure given in first source; a selective ligand for the sigma binding sites in the brain	3.09	5	0	toluenes
phosphoribosyl pyrophosphate Phosphoribosyl Pyrophosphate: The key substance in the biosynthesis of histidine, tryptophan, and purine and pyrimidine nucleotides.. 5-phosphoribosyl diphosphate : A ribose diphosphate carrying an additional phosphate group at position 5.. 5-O-phosphono-alpha-D-ribofuranosyl diphosphate : A derivative of alpha-D-ribose having a phosphate group at the 5-position and a diphosphate at the 1-position.	3.77	3	0	5-O-phosphono-D-ribofuranosyl diphosphate	Escherichia coli metabolite; human metabolite; mouse metabolite; plant metabolite
butyl methacrylate [no description available]	2.08	1	0	enoate ester
ethylene dimethacrylate ethylene glycol dimethacrylate : The enoate ester that is the 1,2-bis(methacryloyl) derivative of ethylene glycol.	3.04	4	0	enoate ester	allergen; cross-linking reagent; polymerisation monomer
furaldehyde Furaldehyde: A heterocyclic compound consisting of a furan where the hydrogen at position 2 is substituted by a formyl group.. furfural : An aldehyde that is furan with the hydrogen at position 2 substituted by a formyl group.	2.74	3	0	aldehyde; furans	Maillard reaction product; metabolite
arsanilic acid Arsanilic Acid: An arsenical which has been used as a feed additive for enteric conditions in pigs and poultry. It causes blindness and is ototoxic and nephrotoxic in animals.	2.04	1	0	organoarsonic acid
pyrrolidonecarboxylic acid Pyrrolidonecarboxylic Acid: A cyclized derivative of L-GLUTAMIC ACID. Elevated blood levels may be associated with problems of GLUTAMINE or GLUTATHIONE metabolism.. 5-oxo-L-proline : An optically active form of 5-oxoproline having L-configuration.	8.06	77	0	5-oxoproline; L-proline derivative; non-proteinogenic L-alpha-amino acid	algal metabolite
nitrobenzene nitrobenzene : A nitroarene consisting of benzene carrying a single nitro substituent. An industrial chemical used widely in the production of aniline.	2.06	1	0	nitroarene; nitrobenzenes
3-nitrotoluene [no description available]	1.98	1	0	mononitrotoluene
trehalose alpha,alpha-trehalose : A trehalose in which both glucose residues have alpha-configuration at the anomeric carbon.	5.56	22	0	trehalose	Escherichia coli metabolite; geroprotector; human metabolite; mouse metabolite; Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite
sym-trinitrobenzene Trinitrobenzenes: Benzene derivatives which are substituted with three nitro groups in any position.. 1,3,5-trinitrobenzene : A trinitrobenzene in which each of the nitro groups is meta- to the other two.	2.9	4	0	trinitrobenzene	explosive
carvone carvone: an oxidized derivative of limonene; RN given refers to cpd without isomeric designation; L-carvone has spearmint flavor, D-carvone has dill/caraway flavor. carvone : A p-menthane monoterpenoid that consists of cyclohex-2-enone having methyl and isopropenyl substituents at positions 2 and 5, respectively.	2.11	1	0	botanical anti-fungal agent; carvones	allergen
1,2-dichloro-4-nitrobenzene [no description available]	1.98	1	0
4-bromophenacyl bromide 4-bromophenacyl bromide: phospholipidase A(2) inhibitor; structure	2.69	3	0
4-nitrotoluene 4-nitrotoluene: RN given refers to parent cpd; structure in Merck Index, 9th ed, #6470. mononitrotoluene : A nitrotoluene bearing a single nitro substituent at any position. A "closed class".. 4-nitrotoluene : A mononitrotoluene that consists of toluene bearing a nitro substituent at the 4-position.	1.98	1	0	mononitrotoluene
4-anisic acid 4-methoxybenzoic acid: structure in first source. 4-methoxybenzoic acid : A methoxybenzoic acid substituted with a methoxy group at position C-4.	2	1	0	methoxybenzoic acid	plant metabolite
2,5-pyridinedicarboxylic acid 2,5-Pyridinedicarboxylic acid: RN given refers to parent cpd. isocinchomeronic acid : A pyridinedicarboxylic acid carrying carboxy groups at positions 2 and 5.	1.96	1	0	pyridinedicarboxylic acid
styrene Styrene: A colorless, toxic liquid with a strong aromatic odor. It is used to make rubbers, polymers and copolymers, and polystyrene plastics.. styrene : A vinylarene that is benzene carrying a vinyl group. It has been isolated from the benzoin resin produced by Styrax species.	2.9	4	0	styrenes; vinylarene; volatile organic compound	mouse metabolite; mutagen; plant metabolite
phenylhydrazine [no description available]	2.05	1	0	phenylhydrazines	xenobiotic
methylphenylsulfide thioanisole : An aryl sulfide that is thiophenol in which the hydrogen of the thiol group has been replaced by a methyl group.	1.99	1	0	aryl sulfide; benzenes
quinuclidines Quinuclidines: A class of organic compounds which contain two rings that share a pair of bridgehead carbon atoms and contains an amine group.	3.74	10	0	quinuclidines; saturated organic heterobicyclic parent
cyclamic acid Cyclamates: Salts and esters of cyclamic acid.. cyclohexylsulfamic acid : A member of the class of sulfamic acids that is sulfamic acid carrying an N-cyclohexyl substituent.	1.96	1	0	sulfamic acids	environmental contaminant; human xenobiotic metabolite
pyridostigmine bromide Pyridostigmine Bromide: A cholinesterase inhibitor with a slightly longer duration of action than NEOSTIGMINE. It is used in the treatment of myasthenia gravis and to reverse the actions of muscle relaxants.	2.71	3	0	pyridinium salt
ethyl phenylacetate [no description available]	2.17	1	0	benzenes
boric acid [no description available]	2.47	2	0	boric acids	astringent
2-phenylethyl acetate phenethyl acetate : The acetate ester of 2-phenylethanol.	2.17	1	0	acetate ester	metabolite; Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite
phenylisothiocyanate phenylisothiocyanate: structure. phenyl isothiocyanate : An isothiocyanate having a phenyl group attached to the nitrogen; used for amino acid sequencing in the Edman degradation.	2.39	2	0	isothiocyanate	allergen; reagent
anisyl alcohol anisyl alcohol: structure given in first source	2.44	2	0	benzyl alcohols
dimethyl succinate dimethyl succinate: potent insulin secretagogue	3.09	1	0	fatty acid methyl ester
1-bromopropane 1-bromopropane: used as a solvent. 1-bromopropane : A bromoalkane that is propane carrying a bromo substituent at position 1.	2.02	1	0	bromoalkane; bromohydrocarbon	neurotoxin; solvent
acrolein [no description available]	3.34	6	0	enal	herbicide; human xenobiotic metabolite; toxin
acrylonitrile [no description available]	2.42	2	0	aliphatic nitrile; volatile organic compound	antifungal agent; carcinogenic agent; fungal metabolite; mutagen; polar aprotic solvent
allyl alcohol allyl alcohol: structure. allylic alcohol : An alcohol where the hydroxy group is attached to a saturated carbon atom adjacent to a double bond (R groups may be H, organyl, etc.).. allyl alcohol : A propenol in which the C=C bond connects C-2 and C-3. It is has been found in garlic (Allium sativum). Formerly used as a herbicide for the control of various grass and weed seeds.	6.93	1	0	primary allylic alcohol; propenol	antibacterial agent; fungicide; herbicide; insecticide; plant metabolite
glyoxal [no description available]	2.95	4	0	dialdehyde	agrochemical; allergen; pesticide; plant growth regulator
isethionic acid Isethionic Acid: A colorless, syrupy, strongly acidic liquid that can form detergents with oleic acid.. isethionic acid : An alkanesulfonic acid in which the sulfo group is directly linked to a 2-hydroxyethyl group.	2.37	2	0	alkanesulfonic acid	human metabolite
hexylene glycol hexylene glycol: RN given refers to parent cpd. 2-methylpentane-2,4-diol : A glycol in which the two hydroxy groups are at positions 2 and 4 of 2-methylpentane (isopentane).	2.43	2	0	glycol
sarin Sarin: An organophosphorus ester compound that produces potent and irreversible inhibition of cholinesterase. It is toxic to the nervous system and is a chemical warfare agent.. isopropyl methylphosphonofluoridate : A phosphinic ester that is the isopropyl ester of methylphosphonofluoridic acid.. sarin : A racemate composed of equal amounts of (R)- and (S)-sarin. A potent and irreversible inhibitor of acetylcholinesterase that is toxic to the nervous system and is employed as a chemical warfare agent.	2.42	2	0	fluorine molecular entity; phosphinic ester
dimethyldioctadecylammonium dimethyldioctadecylammonium: a cationic lipid analog; RN given refers to parent cpd	2.04	1	0
2-methylpentane Hexanes: Six-carbon saturated hydrocarbon group of the methane series. Include isomers and derivatives. Various polyneuropathies are caused by hexane poisoning.	3.14	5	0	alkane
3-hydroxybutanal [no description available]	2.02	1	0
acetic anhydride acetic anhydride: RN given refers to unlabeled cpd; structure. acetic anhydride : An acyclic carboxylic anhydride derived from acetic acid.	2.03	1	0	acyclic carboxylic anhydride	metabolite; reagent
3-phenylenediamine 1,3-phenylenediamine : A phenylenediamine taht is benzene substituted at positions 1 and 3 with amino functions.	2.13	1	0	phenylenediamine
methyl malonate methyl malonate: do not confuse with methylmalonate, i.e., malonic acid substituted with a methyl group on C2; structure	2.21	1	0
melamine melamine: RN given refers to parent cpd; structure. melamine : A trimer of cyanamide, with a 1,3,5-triazine skeleton.	2.5	2	0	triamino-1,3,5-triazine	xenobiotic metabolite
chlorobenzene [no description available]	2.05	1	0	monochlorobenzenes	solvent
cyclohexanol Cyclohexanols: Monohydroxy derivatives of cyclohexanes that contain the general formula R-C6H11O. They have a camphorlike odor and are used in making soaps, insecticides, germicides, dry cleaning, and plasticizers.. cyclohexanols : An alcohol in which one or more hydroxy groups are attached to a cyclohexane skeleton.	4.35	19	0	cyclohexanols; secondary alcohol	solvent
cyclohexanone [no description available]	2.13	1	0	cyclohexanones	human xenobiotic metabolite
pentane Pentanes: Five-carbon saturated hydrocarbon group of the methane series. Include isomers and derivatives.. pentane : A straight chain alkane consisting of 5 carbon atoms.	7.01	1	0	alkane; volatile organic compound	non-polar solvent; refrigerant
diethylamine [no description available]	2.03	1	0	secondary aliphatic amine
pyrroles 1H-pyrrole : A tautomer of pyrrole that has the double bonds at positions 2 and 4.. pyrrole : A five-membered monocyclic heteroarene comprising one NH and four CH units which forms the parent compound of the pyrrole group of compounds. Its five-membered ring structure has three tautomers. A 'closed class'.. azole : Any monocyclic heteroarene consisting of a five-membered ring containing nitrogen. Azoles can also contain one or more other non-carbon atoms, such as nitrogen, sulfur or oxygen.	9.22	74	0	pyrrole; secondary amine
tetrahydrofuran oxolane : A cyclic ether that is butane in which one hydrogen from each methyl group is substituted by an oxygen.	2.25	1	0	cyclic ether; oxolanes; saturated organic heteromonocyclic parent; volatile organic compound	polar aprotic solvent
furan furan : A monocyclic heteroarene with a structure consisting of a 5-membered ring containing four carbons and one oxygen, with formula C4H4O. It is a toxic, flammable, low-boiling (31degreeC) colourless liquid.	2.78	3	0	furans; mancude organic heteromonocyclic parent; monocyclic heteroarene	carcinogenic agent; hepatotoxic agent; Maillard reaction product
thiophenes Thiophenes: A monocyclic heteroarene furan in which the oxygen atom is replaced by a sulfur.. thiophenes : Compounds containing at least one thiophene ring.	5.74	26	0	mancude organic heteromonocyclic parent; monocyclic heteroarene; thiophenes; volatile organic compound	non-polar solvent
2,5-hexanedione 2,5-hexanedione: metabolite of methyl-n-butyl ketone. 2,5-hexanedione : A diketone that is hexane substituted by oxo groups at positions 2 and 5. It is a toxic metabolite of hexane and of 2-hexanone	2.4	2	0	diketone; methyl ketone	human xenobiotic metabolite; neurotoxin
succinamide [no description available]	2.13	1	0
n,n'-methylenebisacrylamide [no description available]	2.01	1	0
n-hexane hexane : An unbranched alkane containing six carbon atoms.	2.39	2	0	alkane; volatile organic compound	neurotoxin; non-polar solvent
succinonitrile succinonitrile: structure	7.47	2	0
piperidine [no description available]	2.74	3	0	azacycloalkane; piperidines; saturated organic heteromonocyclic parent; secondary amine	base; catalyst; human metabolite; non-polar solvent; plant metabolite; protic solvent; reagent
diglycolic acid diglycolic acid: nephrotoxic metabolite in diethylene glycol poisoning inducing necrosis in human proximal tubule cells	2.13	1	0	dicarboxylic acid
1-hexanol 1-hexanol: RN given refers to parent cpd. hexanol : A fatty alcohol consisting of a hydroxy function at any position of an unbranched saturated chain of six carbon atoms.. hexan-1-ol : A primary alcohol that is hexane substituted by a hydroxy group at position 1.	2.41	1	0	hexanol; primary alcohol	alarm pheromone; antibacterial agent; fragrance; plant metabolite
diethylenetriamine diethylenetriamine: RN given refers to parent cpd	2.69	3	0	polyazaalkane; triamine
diethylene glycol glycol ether : A hydroxyether which contains both an ether and alcohol functional groups. It is one of the most versatile classes of organic solvents which are commonly used in paints, cleaners, adhesives, pharmaceuticals and cosmetics.	2.13	1	0	hydroxyether
adiponitrile [no description available]	7.07	1	0
heptanol Heptanol: A colorless liquid with a fragrant odor. It is used as an intermediate, solvent and in cosmetics.. heptanol : A fatty alcohol consisting of a hydroxy function at any position of an unbranched saturated chain of seven carbon atoms.. heptan-1-ol : A primary alcohol that is heptane substituted by a hydroxy group at position 1. It has been isolated from Capillipedium parviflorum.	2.01	1	0	heptanol; primary alcohol	flavouring agent; fragrance; gap junctional intercellular communication inhibitor; plant metabolite
nonane iotrochotin: toxin from the Caribbean sponge Iotrochota birotulata, which selectively permeabilizes synaptosomes. nonane : A straight chain alkane composed of 9 carbon atoms.	1.96	1	0	alkane	plant metabolite; volatile oil component
dodecyltrimethylammonium dodecyltrimethylammonium: used to determine thermal stability of DNA; RN given refers to parent cpd. dodecyltrimethylammonium ion : A quarternary ammonium cation having one dodecyl and three methyl substituents around the central nitrogen.	2.03	1	0	quaternary ammonium ion
undecanoic acid undecanoic acid : A straight-chain, eleven-carbon saturated medium-chain fatty acid found in body fluids; the most fungitoxic of the C7:0 - C18:0 fatty acid series.. undecanoate : A medium-chain fatty acid anion that is the conjugate base of undecanoic acid; used in tandem with testosterone cation in the treatment of male hypogonadism. Major species at pH 7.3.	2.04	1	0	medium-chain fatty acid; straight-chain saturated fatty acid	antifungal agent; human metabolite
n-dodecane dodecane : A straight-chain alkane with 12 carbon atoms. It has been isolated from the essential oils of various plants including Zingiber officinale (ginger).	1.96	1	0	alkane	plant metabolite
ergotamine Ergotamine: A vasoconstrictor found in ergot of Central Europe. It is a serotonin agonist that has been used as an oxytocic agent and in the treatment of MIGRAINE DISORDERS.. ergotamine : A peptide ergot alkaloid that is dihydroergotamine in which a double bond replaces the single bond between positions 9 and 10.	3.84	3	0	peptide ergot alkaloid	alpha-adrenergic agonist; mycotoxin; non-narcotic analgesic; oxytocic; serotonergic agonist; vasoconstrictor agent
neostigmine bromide neostigmine bromide : The bromide salt of neostigmine.	2.46	2	0	bromide salt
phenformin Phenformin: A biguanide hypoglycemic agent with actions and uses similar to those of METFORMIN. Although it is generally considered to be associated with an unacceptably high incidence of lactic acidosis, often fatal, it is still available in some countries. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p290). phenformin : A member of the class of biguanides that is biguanide in which one of the terminal nitrogen atoms is substituted by a 2-phenylethyl group. It was used as an anti-diabetic drug but was later withdrawn from the market due to potential risk of lactic acidosis.	2.43	2	0	biguanides	antineoplastic agent; geroprotector; hypoglycemic agent
mephobarbital Mephobarbital: A barbiturate that is metabolized to PHENOBARBITAL. It has been used for similar purposes, especially in EPILEPSY, but there is no evidence mephobarbital offers any advantage over PHENOBARBITAL.. mephobarbital : A member of the class of barbiturates, the structure of which is that of barbituric acid substituted at N-1 by a methyl group and at C-5 by ethyl and phenyl groups.	2.05	1	0	barbiturates	anticonvulsant
bromcresol purple Bromcresol Purple: An indicator and reagent. It has been used for several purposes including the determination of serum albumin concentrations. bromocresol purple : A member of the class of 2,1-benzoxathioles that is 2,1-benzoxathiole 1,1-dioxide in which both of the hydrogens at position 3 have been substituted by 3-bromo-4-hydroxy-5-methylphenyl groups. A hydrophilic dye that is used as a pH indicator and to measure serum albumin concentrations.	1.96	1	0	2,1-benzoxathiole; arenesulfonate ester; organobromine compound; polyphenol; sultone	acid-base indicator; dye; two-colour indicator
triphenyl phosphate triphenyl phosphate: structure. triphenyl phosphate : An aryl phosphate resulting from the formal condensation of phosphoric acid with 3 mol eq. of phenol.	2.25	1	0	aryl phosphate	flame retardant; plasticiser
tris(chloroethyl)phosphate tris(chloroethyl)phosphate: has gonadotoxic effects. tris(2-chloroethyl) phosphate : A trialkyl phosphate that is the tris(2-chloroethyl) ester of phosphoric acid.	2.17	1	0	organochlorine compound; trialkyl phosphate
diethylhexyl phthalate Diethylhexyl Phthalate: An ester of phthalic acid. It appears as a light-colored, odorless liquid and is used as a plasticizer for many resins and elastomers.. bis(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate : A phthalate ester that is the bis(2-ethylhexyl) ester of benzene-1,2-dicarboxylic acid.	2.6	1	0	diester; phthalate ester	androstane receptor agonist; apoptosis inhibitor; plasticiser
hexachlorobenzene Hexachlorobenzene: An agricultural fungicide and seed treatment agent.. hexachlorobenzene : A member of the class of chlorobenzenes that is benzene in which all of the hydrogens are replaced by chlorines. An agricultural fungicide introduced in the mid-1940s and formerly used as a seed treatment, its use has been banned since 1984 under the Stockholm Convention on Persistent Organic Pollutants.	2.05	1	0	aromatic fungicide; chlorobenzenes	antifungal agrochemical; carcinogenic agent; persistent organic pollutant
trinitrotoluene Trinitrotoluene: A 2,4,6-trinitrotoluene, which is an explosive chemical that can cause skin irritation and other toxic consequences.. 2,4,6-trinitrotoluene : A trinitrotoluene having the nitro groups at positions 2, 4 and 6.	2.75	3	0	trinitrotoluene	explosive
framycetin Framycetin: A component of NEOMYCIN that is produced by Streptomyces fradiae. On hydrolysis it yields neamine and neobiosamine B. (From Merck Index, 11th ed). framycetin : A tetracyclic antibacterial agent derived from neomycin, being a glycoside ester of neamine and neobiosamine B.	3.61	9	0	aminoglycoside	allergen; antibacterial drug; Escherichia coli metabolite
dianisidine Dianisidine: Highly toxic compound which can cause skin irritation and sensitization. It is used in manufacture of azo dyes.	2.03	1	0	biphenyls
anthracene acene : A polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon consisting of fused benzene rings in a rectilinear arrangement.. acenes : Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons consisting of fused benzene rings in a rectilinear arrangement and their substitution derivatives.	2.05	1	0	acene; anthracenes; ortho-fused tricyclic hydrocarbon
dimethoxyphenylethylamine Dimethoxyphenylethylamine: A derivative of phenethylamine containing two substituent methoxy groups in the phenyl ring.. 3,4-dimethoxyphenylethylamine : An aromatic ether that is the derivative of 2-phenylethylamine with methoxy substituents at the 3- and 4-positions. It is an alkaloid isolated from the Cactaceae family.	3.01	3	0	alkaloid; aromatic ether; phenylethylamine	allergen; plant metabolite
sulfoxide sulfoxide: synergistic insecticide for use with pyrethrum, allethrin, rotenone, ryania, etc.; RN given refers to parent cpd; structure. sulfoxide : An organosulfur compound having the structure R2S=O or R2C=S=O (R =/= H).	6.92	1	0	benzodioxoles
2,4-dichlorophenol 2,4-dichlorophenol: RN given refers to unlabeled parent+ cpd; structure. 2,4-dichlorophenol : A dichlorophenol that is phenol carrying chloro substituents at positions 2 and 4.	2.11	1	0	dichlorophenol
2,4-dinitrotoluene 2,4-dinitrotoluene : A dinitrotoluene in which the methyl group is ortho to one of the nitro groups and para to the other. It is the most common isomer of dinitrotoluene.	3.14	1	0	dinitrotoluene
cyclonite cyclonite: explosive & convulsant; structure. 1,3,5-trinitro-1,3,5-triazinane : An N-nitro compound that is 1,3,5-triazinane in which all three of the hydrogens attached to the nitrogens have been replaced by nitro groups. It is widely used in both industrial and military explosives.	3.14	1	0	1,3,5-triazinanes; N-nitro compound	explosive
3-nitrobenzoic acid 3-nitrobenzoic acid: RN given refers to parent cpd	1.99	1	0
pyrazolanthrone pyrazolanthrone: JNK (c-Jun N-terminal kinase) inhibitor; structure in first source. anthra[1,9-cd]pyrazol-6(2H)-one : A member of the class of anthrapyrazoles that is anthra[1,9-cd]pyrazole substituted at position 6 by an oxo group. An inhibitor of c-Jun N-terminal kinase.	2.95	4	0	anthrapyrazole; aromatic ketone; cyclic ketone	antineoplastic agent; c-Jun N-terminal kinase inhibitor; geroprotector
1,4-naphthoquinone naphthoquinone : A polycyclic aromatic ketone metabolite of naphthalene.. 1,4-naphthoquinone : The parent structure of the family of 1,4-naphthoquinones, in which the oxo groups of the quinone moiety are at positions 1 and 4 of the naphthalene ring. Derivatives have pharmacological properties.	1.99	1	0	1,4-naphthoquinones
meglumine Meglumine: 1-Deoxy-1-(methylamino)-D-glucitol. A derivative of sorbitol in which the hydroxyl group in position 1 is replaced by a methylamino group. Often used in conjunction with iodinated organic compounds as contrast medium.. N-methylglucamine : A hexosamine that is D-glucitol in which the hydroxy group at position 1 is substituted by the nitrogen of a methylamino group. A crystalline base, it is used in preparing salts of certain acids for use as diagnostic radiopaque media, while its antimonate is used as an antiprotozoal in the treatment of leishmaniasis.	3.88	12	0	hexosamine; secondary amino compound
cinchophen cinchophen: was heading 1963-94; ACIPHENOCHINOLIUM was see CHINOPHEN 1978-94; use QUINOLINES to search CINCHOPHEN 1966-94	2.05	1	0	quinolines
uridine diphosphate glucose Uridine Diphosphate Glucose: A key intermediate in carbohydrate metabolism. Serves as a precursor of glycogen, can be metabolized into UDPgalactose and UDPglucuronic acid which can then be incorporated into polysaccharides as galactose and glucuronic acid. Also serves as a precursor of sucrose lipopolysaccharides, and glycosphingolipids.. UDP-alpha-D-glucose : The alpha-anomer of UDP-alpha-D-glucose. It is used in nucleotide sugars metabolism.	2.93	4	0	UDP-D-glucose	fundamental metabolite
methyl anthranilate methyl anthranilate : A benzoate ester that is the methyl ester of anthranilic acid.	2.39	2	0	benzoate ester	flavouring agent; metabolite
syringaldehyde syringaldehyde: isolated from nonfermented fiber fractions of oat hulls and cottonseed hulls. syringaldehyde : A hydroxybenzaldehyde that is 4-hydroxybenzaldehyde substituted by methoxy groups at positions 3 and 5. Isolated from Pisonia aculeata and Panax japonicus var. major, it exhibits hypoglycemic activity.	2.13	1	0	dimethoxybenzene; hydroxybenzaldehyde	hypoglycemic agent; plant metabolite
2-naphthol 2-naphthol: RN given refers to parent cpd. 2-naphthol : A naphthol carrying a hydroxy group at position 2.. naphthols : Any hydroxynaphthalene derivative that has a single hydroxy substituent.	3.73	10	0	naphthol	antinematodal drug; genotoxin; human urinary metabolite; human xenobiotic metabolite; mouse metabolite; radical scavenger
ziram Ziram: An industrial fungicide with low mammalian toxicity, although it does possess an irritant capacity for skin and mucous membranes.. ziram : A dithiocarbamate salt that is the zinc salt of dimethyldithiocarbamic acid. It is a broad-spectrum fungicide and bird and animal repellent that is also used to accelerate the vulcanisation of rubber.	2.13	1	0	dithiocarbamate salt; zinc molecular entity	antifungal agrochemical; apoptosis inducer
shikimic acid Shikimic Acid: A tri-hydroxy cyclohexene carboxylic acid important in biosynthesis of so many compounds that the shikimate pathway is named after it.. shikimic acid : A cyclohexenecarboxylic acid that is cyclohex-1-ene-1-carboxylic acid substituted by hydroxy groups at positions 3, 4 and 5 (the 3R,4S,5R stereoisomer). It is an intermediate metabolite in plants and microorganisms.	3.1	5	0	alpha,beta-unsaturated monocarboxylic acid; cyclohexenecarboxylic acid; hydroxy monocarboxylic acid	Escherichia coli metabolite; plant metabolite; Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite
4-nitrosodimethylaniline 4-nitrosodimethylaniline: structure; RN given refers to parent cpd. N,N-dimethyl-4-nitrosoaniline : A member of the class of dimethylanilines that is N,N-dimethylaniline having a nitroso group at the 4-position.	3.08	1	0	dimethylaniline; nitroso compound; tertiary amino compound
nitrilotriacetic acid Nitrilotriacetic Acid: A derivative of acetic acid, N(CH2COOH)3. It is a complexing (sequestering) agent that forms stable complexes with Zn2+. (From Miall's Dictionary of Chemistry, 5th ed.)	2.72	3	0	NTA; tricarboxylic acid	carcinogenic agent; nephrotoxic agent
dodecyl sulfate dodecyl sulfate: RN given refers to parent cpd; see also SODIUM DODECYL SULFATE	2	1	0	alkyl sulfate
ethyl acetate ethyl acetate : The acetate ester formed between acetic acid and ethanol.	2.74	3	0	acetate ester; ethyl ester; volatile organic compound	EC 3.4.19.3 (pyroglutamyl-peptidase I) inhibitor; metabolite; polar aprotic solvent; Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite
ethyl acetoacetate ethyl acetoacetate: RN given refers to unlabeled parent cpd. ethyl acetoacetate : An ethyl ester resulting from the formal condensation of the carboxy group of acetoacetic acid with ethanol.	2.21	1	0	ethyl ester	antibacterial agent; flavouring agent; plant metabolite
iminodiacetic acid iminodiacetic acid: used as hepatobiliary imaging agent when labeled with Tc; RN given refers to parent cpd; structure. iminodiacetic acid : An amino dicarboxylic acid that is glycine in which one of the hydrogens attached to the nitrogen is substituted by a carboxymethyl group.	2.73	3	0	amino dicarboxylic acid; glycine derivative; non-proteinogenic alpha-amino acid	chelator
n-heptane Heptanes: Seven-carbon alkanes with the formula C7H16.. heptane : A straight-chain alkane with seven carbon atoms. It has been found in Jeffrey pine (Pinus jeffreyi).	4.03	4	0	alkane; volatile organic compound	non-polar solvent; plant metabolite
sodium cyanide Sodium Cyanide: A highly poisonous compound that is an inhibitor of many metabolic processes and is used as a test reagent for the function of chemoreceptors. It is also used in many industrial processes.. sodium cyanide : A cyanide salt containing equal numbers of sodium cations and cyanide anions.	5.62	29	0	cyanide salt; one-carbon compound; sodium salt	EC 1.15.1.1 (superoxide dismutase) inhibitor
tetraphenylborate Tetraphenylborate: An anionic compound that is used as a reagent for determination of potassium, ammonium, rubidium, and cesium ions. It also uncouples oxidative phosphorylation and forms complexes with biological materials, and is used in biological assays.	1.97	1	0
monomethylarsonic acid monomethylarsonic acid: structure given in first source	2.52	2	0	arsonic acids; one-carbon compound; organoarsonic acid
pregnenolone [no description available]	4.67	27	0	20-oxo steroid; 3beta-hydroxy-Delta(5)-steroid; C21-steroid	human metabolite; mouse metabolite
yohimbine Yohimbine: A plant alkaloid with alpha-2-adrenergic blocking activity. Yohimbine has been used as a mydriatic and in the treatment of ERECTILE DYSFUNCTION.. yohimbine : An indole alkaloid with alpha2-adrenoceptor antagonist activity. It is produced by Corynanthe johimbe and Rauwolfia serpentina.	4.89	35	0	methyl 17-hydroxy-20xi-yohimban-16-carboxylate	alpha-adrenergic antagonist; dopamine receptor D2 antagonist; serotonergic antagonist
3-o-methylglucose 3-O-Methylglucose: A non-metabolizable glucose analogue that is not phosphorylated by hexokinase. 3-O-Methylglucose is used as a marker to assess glucose transport by evaluating its uptake within various cells and organ systems. (J Neurochem 1993;60(4):1498-504). 3-O-methyl-D-glucose : A D-aldohexose that is D-glucose in which the hydrogen of the hydroxy group at position 3 has been substituted by a methyl group. It is a non-metabolisable glucose analogue that is not phosphorylated by hexokinase and is used as a marker to assess glucose transport by evaluating its uptake within various cells and organ systems.	3.08	5	0	D-aldohexose derivative
2-chloroadenosine 5-chloroformycin A: structure given in first source	4.7	9	0	purine nucleoside
diphenhydramine hydrochloride Antitussive Agents: Agents that suppress cough. They act centrally on the medullary cough center. EXPECTORANTS, also used in the treatment of cough, act locally.. diphenhydramine hydrochloride : The hydrochloride salt of diphenhydramine.	2.43	2	0	hydrochloride; organoammonium salt	anti-allergic agent; antiemetic; antiparkinson drug; antipruritic drug; H1-receptor antagonist; local anaesthetic; muscarinic antagonist; sedative
pentoxyl Pentoxyl: 5-Hydroxymethyl-6-methyl- 2,4-(1H,3H)-pyrimidinedione. Uracil derivative used in combination with toxic antibiotics to lessen their toxicity; also to stimulate leukopoiesis and immunity. Synonyms: pentoksil; hydroxymethylmethyluracil.	2.01	1	0	pyrimidone
ditiocarb Ditiocarb: A chelating agent that has been used to mobilize toxic metals from the tissues of humans and experimental animals. It is the main metabolite of DISULFIRAM.. diethyldithiocarbamic acid : A member of the class of dithiocarbamic acids that is diethylcarbamic acid in which both of the oxygens are replaced by sulfur.	3.6	9	0	dithiocarbamic acids	chelator; copper chelator
2-vanillin ortho-vanillin : A member of the class of benzaldehydes that is salicylaldehyde substituted by a methoxy group at position 3.	2.1	1	0	benzaldehydes; guaiacols	antimutagen; plant metabolite
1,2-dihydroxybenzene-3,5-disulfonic acid disodium salt 1,2-Dihydroxybenzene-3,5-Disulfonic Acid Disodium Salt: A colorimetric reagent for iron, manganese, titanium, molybdenum, and complexes of zirconium. (From Merck Index, 11th ed)	2.02	1	0	organic molecular entity
1,2-dihydroxybenzene-3,5-disulfonic acid disodium salt Chymopapain: A cysteine endopeptidase isolated from papaya latex. Preferential cleavage at glutamic and aspartic acid residues. EC 3.4.22.6.	1.99	1	0	organosulfur compound; sulfonic acid derivative
mequinol mequinol: depigmenting agent; RN given refers to parent cpd	2.05	1	0	methoxybenzenes; phenols	metabolite
potassium cyanide [no description available]	6.5	23	0	cyanide salt; one-carbon compound; potassium salt	EC 1.15.1.1 (superoxide dismutase) inhibitor; EC 1.9.3.1 (cytochrome c oxidase) inhibitor; neurotoxin
methohexital Methohexital: An intravenous anesthetic with a short duration of action that may be used for induction of anesthesia.. methohexital : A barbiturate, the structure of which is that of barbituric acid substituted at N-1 by a methyl group and at C-5 by allyl and 1-methylpent-2-ynyl groups.	2.4	2	0	acetylenic compound; barbiturates	drug allergen; intravenous anaesthetic
quinestrol Quinestrol: The 3-cyclopentyl ether of ETHINYL ESTRADIOL. After gastrointestinal absorption, it is stored in ADIPOSE TISSUE, slowly released, and metabolized principally to the parent compound. It has been used in ESTROGEN REPLACEMENT THERAPY. (From AMA Drug Evaluations Annual, 1992, p1011)	2.05	1	0	17-hydroxy steroid; terminal acetylenic compound	xenoestrogen
dydrogesterone [no description available]	2.05	1	0	20-oxo steroid; 3-oxo-Delta(4) steroid	progestin
D-tryptophan [no description available]	2.46	2	0	D-alpha-amino acid; tryptophan zwitterion; tryptophan	bacterial metabolite
catechin Catechin: An antioxidant flavonoid, occurring especially in woody plants as both (+)-catechin and (-)-epicatechin (cis) forms.. catechin : Members of the class of hydroxyflavan that have a flavan-3-ol skeleton and its substituted derivatives.. rac-catechin : A racemate comprising equimolar amounts of (+)- and (-)-catechin. (+)-catechin : The (+)-enantiomer of catechin and a polyphenolic antioxidant plant metabolite.	7.23	21	1	catechin	antioxidant; plant metabolite
thiamine pyrophosphate Thiamine Pyrophosphate: The coenzyme form of Vitamin B1 present in many animal tissues. It is a required intermediate in the PYRUVATE DEHYDROGENASE COMPLEX and the KETOGLUTARATE DEHYDROGENASE COMPLEX.. thiamine(1+) diphosphate chloride : An organic chloride salt of thiamine(1+) diphosphate.	5.33	17	0	organic chloride salt; vitamin B1
homoarginine L-homoarginine : An L-lysine derivative that is the L-enantiomer of homoarginine.	3.82	3	0	homoarginine; L-lysine derivative; non-proteinogenic L-alpha-amino acid	biomarker; EC 3.1.3.1 (alkaline phosphatase) inhibitor; human metabolite; rat metabolite; xenobiotic metabolite
diazooxonorleucine Diazooxonorleucine: An amino acid that inhibits phosphate-activated glutaminase and interferes with glutamine metabolism. It is an antineoplastic antibiotic produced by an unidentified species of Streptomyces from Peruvian soil. (From Merck Index, 11th ed). 6-diazo-5-oxo-L-norleucine : A non-proteinogenic L-alpha-amino acid that is L-norleucine which is substituted at position 5 by an oxo group and at position 6 by a diazo group. It is as inhibitor of various glutamine-utilising enzymes.	4.52	24	0	amino acid zwitterion; diazo compound; ketone; non-proteinogenic L-alpha-amino acid	analgesic; antibacterial agent; antimetabolite; antineoplastic agent; antiviral agent; apoptosis inducer; bacterial metabolite; EC 2.4.2.14 (amidophosphoribosyltransferase) inhibitor; EC 3.5.1.2 (glutaminase) inhibitor; EC 6.3.4.2 [CTP synthase (glutamine hydrolyzing)] inhibitor; EC 6.3.5.1 [NAD(+) synthase (glutamine-hydrolysing)] inhibitor; EC 6.3.5.2 [GMP synthase (glutamine-hydrolysing)] inhibitor; EC 6.3.5.3 (phosphoribosylformylglycinamidine synthase) inhibitor; EC 6.3.5.4 [asparagine synthase (glutamine-hydrolysing)] inhibitor; EC 6.3.5.5 [carbamoyl-phosphate synthase (glutamine-hydrolysing)] inhibitor; glutamine antagonist
perylene Perylene: A 20-carbon dibenz(de,kl)anthracene that can be viewed as a naphthalene fused to a phenalene or as dinaphthalene. It is used as fluorescent lipid probe in the cytochemistry of membranes and is a polycyclic hydrocarbon pollutant in soil and water. Derivatives may be carcinogenic.. perylene : An ortho- and peri-fused polycyclic arene comprising of five benzene rings that is anthracene in which the d,e and k,l sides are fused to benzene rings.	2.43	2	0	ortho- and peri-fused polycyclic arene; perylenes
quinazolines Quinazolines: A group of aromatic heterocyclic compounds that contain a bicyclic structure with two fused six-membered aromatic rings, a benzene ring and a pyrimidine ring.. quinazoline : A mancude organic heterobicyclic parent that is naphthalene in which the carbon atoms at positions 1 and 3 have been replaced by nitrogen atoms.. quinazolines : Any organic heterobicyclic compound based on a quinazoline skeleton and its substituted derivatives.	8.01	26	1	azaarene; mancude organic heterobicyclic parent; ortho-fused heteroarene; quinazolines
acridines Acridines: Compounds that include the structure of acridine.. acridine : A polycyclic heteroarene that is anthracene in which one of the central CH groups is replaced by a nitrogen atom.	2.45	2	0	acridines; mancude organic heterotricyclic parent; polycyclic heteroarene	genotoxin
indazoles Indazoles: A group of heterocyclic aromatic organic compounds consisting of the fusion of BENZENE and PYRAZOLES.	4.83	32	0	indazole
benzisothiazole benzisothiazole: structure in first source. 1,2-benzisothiazole : A benzothiazole consisting of a benzene ring fused to an isothiazole.	2.49	2	0
benzoxazoles 1,3-benzoxazole : A benzoxazole in which the benzene ring is fused to a 1,3-oxazole ring across positions 4 and 5.. benzoxazole : Compounds based on a fused 1,2- or 1,3-oxazole and benzene bicyclic ring skeleton.	4.09	14	0	1,3-benzoxazoles; mancude organic heterobicyclic parent
adamantane Adamantane: A tricyclo bridged hydrocarbon.	3.67	9	0	adamantanes; polycyclic alkane
cyclopentane Cyclopentanes: A group of alicyclic hydrocarbons with the general formula R-C5H9.. cyclopentanes : Cyclopentane and its derivatives formed by substitution.	11.73	43	0	cycloalkane; cyclopentanes; volatile organic compound	non-polar solvent
isoxazoles Isoxazoles: Azoles with an OXYGEN and a NITROGEN next to each other at the 1,2 positions, in contrast to OXAZOLES that have nitrogens at the 1,3 positions.. isoxazole : A monocyclic heteroarene with a structure consisting of a 5-membered ring containing three carbon atoms and an oxygen and nitrogen atom adjacent to each other. It is the parent of the class of isoxazoles.. isoxazoles : Oxazoles in which the N and O atoms are adjacent.	8.48	73	0	isoxazoles; mancude organic heteromonocyclic parent; monocyclic heteroarene
oxazoles Oxazoles: Five-membered heterocyclic ring structures containing an oxygen in the 1-position and a nitrogen in the 3-position, in distinction from ISOXAZOLES where they are at the 1,2 positions.. 1,3-oxazole : A five-membered monocyclic heteroarene that is an analogue of cyclopentadiene with O in place of CH2 at position 1 and N in place of CH at position 3.. oxazole : An azole based on a five-membered heterocyclic aromatic skeleton containing one N and one O atom.	6.11	40	0	1,3-oxazoles; mancude organic heteromonocyclic parent; monocyclic heteroarene
thiazoles [no description available]	11.73	165	1	1,3-thiazoles; mancude organic heteromonocyclic parent; monocyclic heteroarene
pyrimidine pyrimidine : The parent compound of the pyrimidines; a diazine having the two nitrogens at the 1- and 3-positions.	3.28	6	0	diazine; pyrimidines	Daphnia magna metabolite
pyrazines Pyrazines: A heterocyclic aromatic organic compound with the chemical formula C4H4N2.. pyrazine : A diazine that is benzene in which the carbon atoms at positions 1 and 4 have been replaced by nitrogen atoms.	4.39	19	0	diazine; pyrazines	Daphnia magna metabolite
triphenyltetrazolium triphenyltetrazolium: RN given refers to parent cpd. 2,3,5-triphenyltetrazolium : An organic cation that is tetrazole carrying three phenyl substituents at positions 2, 3 and 5.	3.63	9	0	organic cation
methylphenazonium methosulfate Methylphenazonium Methosulfate: Used as an electron carrier in place of the flavine enzyme of Warburg in the hexosemonophosphate system and also in the preparation of SUCCINIC DEHYDROGENASE.	2.07	1	0	azaheterocycle sulfate salt; phenazines
ephedrine Ephedrine: A phenethylamine found in EPHEDRA SINICA. PSEUDOEPHEDRINE is an isomer. It is an alpha- and beta-adrenergic agonist that may also enhance release of norepinephrine. It has been used for asthma, heart failure, rhinitis, and urinary incontinence, and for its central nervous system stimulatory effects in the treatment of narcolepsy and depression. It has become less extensively used with the advent of more selective agonists.. (-)-ephedrine : A phenethylamine alkaloid that is 2-phenylethanamine substituted by a methyl group at the amino nitrogen and a methyl and a hydroxy group at position 2 and 1 respectively.	2.74	3	0	phenethylamine alkaloid; phenylethanolamines	bacterial metabolite; environmental contaminant; nasal decongestant; plant metabolite; sympathomimetic agent; vasoconstrictor agent; xenobiotic
3-methoxytyrosine 3-O-methyldopa : A L-tyrosine derivative that is the 3-methoxy derivative of L-dopa.	2	1	0	aromatic L-alpha-amino acid zwitterion; L-tyrosine derivative; monomethoxybenzene; non-proteinogenic L-alpha-amino acid	human metabolite
muscarine Muscarine: A toxic alkaloid found in Amanita muscaria (fly fungus) and other fungi of the Inocybe species. It is the first parasympathomimetic substance ever studied and causes profound parasympathetic activation that may end in convulsions and death. The specific antidote is atropine.	6	21	0	monosaccharide
hydrazine diamine : Any polyamine that contains two amino groups.	5.08	43	0	azane; hydrazines	EC 4.3.1.10 (serine-sulfate ammonia-lyase) inhibitor
thiocyanate thiocyanate: RN given refers to parent cpd. thiocyanate : A pseudohalide anion obtained by deprotonation of the thiol group of thiocyanic acid.	2.89	4	0	pseudohalide anion; sulfur molecular entity	human metabolite
chlormadinone acetate Chlormadinone Acetate: An orally active synthetic progestational hormone used often in combinations as an oral contraceptive (CONTRACEPTIVES, ORAL).	2.05	1	0	corticosteroid hormone
2,3-dimercaptosuccinic acid [no description available]	2.05	1	0
4-hydroxyphenyllactic acid 4-hydroxyphenyllactic acid: tyrosing metabolite; RN given refers to cpd without isomeric designation. 3-(4-hydroxyphenyl)lactic acid : A 2-hydroxy carboxylic acid that is lactic acid in which one of the methyl hydrogens is substituted by a 4-hydroxyphenyl group.	2.06	1	0	2-hydroxy carboxylic acid; phenols	bacterial metabolite; human metabolite
paraoxon [no description available]	3.42	2	0	aryl dialkyl phosphate; organophosphate insecticide	EC 3.1.1.7 (acetylcholinesterase) inhibitor; mouse metabolite
hemicholinium 3 Hemicholinium 3: A potent inhibitor of the high affinity uptake system for CHOLINE. It has less effect on the low affinity uptake system. Since choline is one of the components of ACETYLCHOLINE, treatment with hemicholinium can deplete acetylcholine from cholinergic terminals. Hemicholinium 3 is commonly used as a research tool in animal and in vitro experiments.	3.09	5	0
evans blue Evans Blue: An azo dye used in blood volume and cardiac output measurement by the dye dilution method. It is very soluble, strongly bound to plasma albumin, and disappears very slowly.. Evans blue : An organic sodium salt that is the tetrasodium salt of 6,6'-{(3,3'-dimethyl[1,1'-biphenyl]-4,4'-diyl)bis[diazene-2,1-diyl]}bis(4-amino-5-hydroxynaphthalene-1,3-disulfonate). It is sometimes used as a counterstain, especially in fluorescent methods to suppress background autofluorescence.	4.79	12	0	organic sodium salt	fluorochrome; histological dye; sodium channel blocker; teratogenic agent
testosterone enanthate [no description available]	2.4	2	0	heptanoate ester; sterol ester	androgen
aminophylline Aminophylline: A drug combination that contains THEOPHYLLINE and ethylenediamine. It is more soluble in water than theophylline but has similar pharmacologic actions. It's most common use is in bronchial asthma, but it has been investigated for several other applications.. aminophylline : A mixture comprising of theophylline and ethylenediamine in a 2:1 ratio.	2.5	2	0	mixture	bronchodilator agent; cardiotonic drug
azacitidine Azacitidine: A pyrimidine analogue that inhibits DNA methyltransferase, impairing DNA methylation. It is also an antimetabolite of cytidine, incorporated primarily into RNA. Azacytidine has been used as an antineoplastic agent.. 5-azacytidine : An N-glycosyl-1,3,5-triazine that is 4-amino-1,3,5-triazin-2(1H)-one substituted by a beta-D-ribofuranosyl residue via an N-glycosidic linkage. An antineoplastic agent, it is used in the treatment of myeloid leukaemia.	2.84	3	0	N-glycosyl-1,3,5-triazine; nucleoside analogue	antineoplastic agent
phenyramidol phenyramidol: considered as a drug that possibly causes hepatotoxicity	2.05	1	0	aminopyridine
6-aminonicotinamide 6-Aminonicotinamide: A vitamin antagonist which has teratogenic effects.. 6-aminonicotinamide : A monocarboxylic acid amide resulting from the formal condensation of the carboxy group of 6-aminonicotinic acid with ammonia. An inhibitor of the NADP(+)-dependent enzyme, 6-phosphogluconate dehydrogenase, it interferes with glycolysis, resulting in ATP depletion and synergizes with DNA-crosslinking chemotherapy drugs, such as cisplatin, in killing cancer cells.	2.88	4	0	aminopyridine; monocarboxylic acid amide; primary amino compound	antimetabolite; EC 1.1.1.44 (NADP(+)-dependent decarboxylating phosphogluconate dehydrogenase) inhibitor; teratogenic agent
flurothyl Flurothyl: A convulsant primarily used in experimental animals. It was formerly used to induce convulsions as a alternative to electroshock therapy.	2.92	4	0	ether
diazomethane Diazomethane: A diazonium compound with the formula CH2N2.. diazomethane : The simplest diazo compound, in which a diazo group is attached to a methylene group.	1.98	1	0	diazo compound	alkylating agent; antineoplastic agent; carcinogenic agent; poison
perfluorooctanoic acid perfluorooctanoic acid: RN given refers to parent cpd. perfluorooctanoic acid : A fluoroalkanoic acid that is perfluorinated octanoic acid.	2.81	3	0	fluoroalkanoic acid	carcinogenic agent; endocrine disruptor; environmental contaminant; surfactant; xenobiotic
carbutamide Carbutamide: A sulfonylurea antidiabetic agent with similar actions and uses to CHLORPROPAMIDE. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p277)	2.05	1	0	benzenes; sulfonamide
5-fluorotryptophan 5-fluorotryptophan: RN given refers to cpd with unspecified isomeric designation. 5-fluorotryptophan : A non-proteinogenic alpha-amino acid that is tryptophan in which the hydrogen at position 5 on the indole ring is replaced by a fluoro group.	1.98	1	0	non-proteinogenic alpha-amino acid; organofluorine compound; tryptophan derivative
3-acetylpyridine 3-acetylpyridine: inhibits tremors	3.58	9	0	aromatic ketone
1,2-dichloro-1,2,3,3,4,4-hexafluorocyclobutane [no description available]	1.99	1	0
galantamine Galantamine: A benzazepine derived from norbelladine. It is found in GALANTHUS and other AMARYLLIDACEAE. It is a cholinesterase inhibitor that has been used to reverse the muscular effects of GALLAMINE TRIETHIODIDE and TUBOCURARINE and has been studied as a treatment for ALZHEIMER DISEASE and other central nervous system disorders.. galanthamine : A benzazepine alkaloid isolated from certain species of daffodils.	8.03	17	1	benzazepine alkaloid fundamental parent; benzazepine alkaloid; organic heterotetracyclic compound; tertiary amino compound	antidote to curare poisoning; cholinergic drug; EC 3.1.1.7 (acetylcholinesterase) inhibitor; EC 3.1.1.8 (cholinesterase) inhibitor; plant metabolite
nandrolone decanoate Nandrolone Decanoate: Decanoic acid ester of nandrolone that is used as an anabolic agent to prevent or treat WASTING SYNDROME associated with severe chronic illness or HIV infection (HIV WASTING SYNDROME). It may also be used in the treatment of POSTMENOPAUSAL OSTEOPOROSIS.	2.91	4	0	steroid ester
aminoimidazole carboxamide Aminoimidazole Carboxamide: An imidazole derivative which is a metabolite of the antineoplastic agents BIC and DIC. By itself, or as the ribonucleotide, it is used as a condensation agent in the preparation of nucleosides and nucleotides. Compounded with orotic acid, it is used to treat liver diseases.. 5-aminoimidazole-4-carboxamide : An aminoimidazole in which the amino group is at C-5 with a carboxamido group at C-4.	3.1	5	0	aminoimidazole; monocarboxylic acid amide	mouse metabolite
methysergide Methysergide: An ergot derivative that is a congener of LYSERGIC ACID DIETHYLAMIDE. It antagonizes the effects of serotonin in blood vessels and gastrointestinal smooth muscle, but has few of the properties of other ergot alkaloids. Methysergide is used prophylactically in migraine and other vascular headaches and to antagonize serotonin in the carcinoid syndrome.. methysergide : A synthetic ergot alkaloid, structurally related to the oxytocic agent methylergonovine and to the potent hallucinogen LSD and used prophylactically to reduce the frequency and intensity of severe vascular headaches.	4.28	19	0	ergoline alkaloid
bucladesine [no description available]	2.05	1	0	3',5'-cyclic purine nucleotide; butanamides; butyrate ester	agonist; cardiotonic drug; vasodilator agent
phenylbenzoquinone phenylbenzoquinone: RN given refers to parent cpd	1.99	1	0
kynuramine Kynuramine: An aromatic ketone containing the aniline structure (ANILINE COMPOUNDS).. kynuramine : A member of the class of kynurenamines that is aniline substituted at position 2 by a 3-aminopropanoyl group.	2	1	0	kynurenamines; primary amino compound	metabolite
thymidine monophosphate Thymidine Monophosphate: 5-Thymidylic acid. A thymine nucleotide containing one phosphate group esterified to the deoxyribose moiety.. dTMP : The neutral species of thymidine 5'-monophosphate (2'-deoxythymidine 5'-monophosphate).	1.97	1	0	thymidine 5'-monophosphate	fundamental metabolite
cuprizone [no description available]	4.17	5	0	organonitrogen compound; organooxygen compound
citrulline citrulline : The parent compound of the citrulline class consisting of ornithine having a carbamoyl group at the N(5)-position.	12.42	110	7	amino acid zwitterion; citrulline	Daphnia magna metabolite; EC 1.14.13.39 (nitric oxide synthase) inhibitor; Escherichia coli metabolite; human metabolite; micronutrient; mouse metabolite; nutraceutical; plant metabolite; protective agent; Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite
betamethasone Betamethasone: A glucocorticoid given orally, parenterally, by local injection, by inhalation, or applied topically in the management of various disorders in which corticosteroids are indicated. Its lack of mineralocorticoid properties makes betamethasone particularly suitable for treating cerebral edema and congenital adrenal hyperplasia. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p724)	2.73	3	0	11beta-hydroxy steroid; 17alpha-hydroxy steroid; 20-oxo steroid; 21-hydroxy steroid; 3-oxo-Delta(1),Delta(4)-steroid; fluorinated steroid; glucocorticoid; primary alpha-hydroxy ketone; tertiary alpha-hydroxy ketone	anti-asthmatic agent; anti-inflammatory drug; immunosuppressive agent
perflubron perflubron: potential anti-obesity compound; reduces food adsorption; 8-carbon perfluorocarbon radiopaque compound; an oral contrast agent for use with MRI to enhance delineation of the bowel distinguishing it from adjacent organs. perflubron : A haloalkane that is perfluorooctane in which a fluorine attached to one of the terminal carbons has been replaced by a bromine.	2.05	1	0	haloalkane; organobromine compound; perfluorinated compound	blood substitute; radioopaque medium
fluorometholone Fluorometholone: A glucocorticoid employed, usually as eye drops, in the treatment of allergic and inflammatory conditions of the eye. It has also been used topically in the treatment of various skin disorders. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p732). fluorometholone : A member of the class of glucocorticoids that is Delta(1)-progesterone substituted at positions 11beta and 17 by hydroxy groups, at position 6alpha by a methyl group and at position 9 by a fluoro group. Used for the treatment of corticosteroid-responsive inflammation of the palpebral and bulbar conjunctiva, cornea and anterior segment of the globe.	8.8	1	1	11beta-hydroxy steroid; 17alpha-hydroxy steroid; 20-oxo steroid; 3-oxo-Delta(1),Delta(4)-steroid; fluorinated steroid; glucocorticoid; tertiary alpha-hydroxy ketone	anti-inflammatory drug
cyproterone acetate [no description available]	2.72	3	0	20-oxo steroid; 3-oxo-Delta(4) steroid; acetate ester; chlorinated steroid; steroid ester	androgen antagonist; geroprotector; progestin
lithocholic acid Lithocholic Acid: A bile acid formed from chenodeoxycholate by bacterial action, usually conjugated with glycine or taurine. It acts as a detergent to solubilize fats for absorption and is itself absorbed. It is used as cholagogue and choleretic.. lithocholic acid : A monohydroxy-5beta-cholanic acid with a alpha-hydroxy substituent at position 3. It is a bile acid obtained from chenodeoxycholic acid by bacterial action.. lithocholate : A bile acid anion that is the conjugate base of lithocholic acid.	2.42	2	0	bile acid; C24-steroid; monohydroxy-5beta-cholanic acid	geroprotector; human metabolite; mouse metabolite
nandrolone Nandrolone: C18 steroid with androgenic and anabolic properties. It is generally prepared from alkyl ethers of ESTRADIOL to resemble TESTOSTERONE but less one carbon at the 19 position.. nandrolone : A 3-oxo Delta(4)-steroid that is estr-4-en-3-one substituted by a beta-hydroxy group at position 17.	3.26	6	0	17beta-hydroxy steroid; 3-oxo-Delta(4) steroid; anabolic androgenic steroid	human metabolite
4-methylcatechol [no description available]	2.41	2	0	methylcatechol	antioxidant; carcinogenic agent; hapten; human metabolite; plant metabolite
hydantoins Hydantoins: Compounds based on imidazolidine dione. Some derivatives are ANTICONVULSANTS.. imidazolidine-2,4-dione : An imidazolidinone with oxo groups at position 2 and 4.	2.91	4	0	imidazolidine-2,4-dione
fluorobenzenes Fluorobenzenes: Derivatives of BENZENE that contain FLUORINE.. monofluorobenzene : The simplest member of the class of monofluorobenzenes that is benzene carrying a single fluoro substituent.. fluorobenzenes : Any fluoroarene that is a benzene or a substituted benzene carrying at least one fluoro group.	4.41	21	0	monofluorobenzenes	NMR chemical shift reference compound
propadiene [no description available]	2.05	1	0	allenes
dextropropoxyphene Dextropropoxyphene: A narcotic analgesic structurally related to METHADONE. Only the dextro-isomer has an analgesic effect; the levo-isomer appears to exert an antitussive effect.. propoxyphene : A racemate of the (1R,2R)- and (1S,2R)- diastereoisomers.. dextropropoxyphene : The (1S,2R)-(+)-diastereoisomer of propoxyphene.	2.05	1	0	1-benzyl-3-(dimethylamino)-2-methyl-1-phenylpropyl propanoate	mu-opioid receptor agonist; opioid analgesic
methylguanidine Methylguanidine: A product of putrefaction. Poisonous.. methylguanidine : A guanidine in which one of the amino hydrogens of guanidine itself is substituted by a methyl group.	1.99	1	0	guanidines	EC 1.14.13.39 (nitric oxide synthase) inhibitor; metabolite; uremic toxin
limestone Calcium Carbonate: Carbonic acid calcium salt (CaCO3). An odorless, tasteless powder or crystal that occurs in nature. It is used therapeutically as a phosphate buffer in hemodialysis patients and as a calcium supplement.. calcium carbonate : A calcium salt with formula CCaO3.	3.19	5	0	calcium salt; carbonate salt; inorganic calcium salt; one-carbon compound	antacid; fertilizer; food colouring; food firming agent
glycyrrhetinic acid [no description available]	2.05	1	0	cyclic terpene ketone; hydroxy monocarboxylic acid; pentacyclic triterpenoid	immunomodulator; plant metabolite
chenodeoxycholic acid Chenodeoxycholic Acid: A bile acid, usually conjugated with either glycine or taurine. It acts as a detergent to solubilize fats for intestinal absorption and is reabsorbed by the small intestine. It is used as cholagogue, a choleretic laxative, and to prevent or dissolve gallstones.. chenodeoxycholic acid : A dihydroxy-5beta-cholanic acid that is (5beta)-cholan-24-oic acid substituted by hydroxy groups at positions 3 and 7 respectively.. chenodeoxycholate : Conjugate base of chenodeoxycholic acid; major species at pH 7.3.	2.94	4	0	bile acid; C24-steroid; dihydroxy-5beta-cholanic acid	human metabolite; mouse metabolite
naphthazarin naphthazarin: fish toxin; isolated for first time from the walnut onigurmi, Juglans mandshurica maxim var. Sieboldiana Makino; structure. naphthazarin : A naphthoquinone that is 1,4-naphthoquinone in which the hydrogens at positions 5 and 8 are replaced by hydroxy groups.	2.08	1	0	hydroxy-1,4-naphthoquinone	acaricide; antibacterial agent; antineoplastic agent; apoptosis inducer; geroprotector; plant metabolite
nuciferine nuciferine: CNS depressant; glutamic acid antagonist; RN given refers to (R)-isomer; structure	1.96	1	0
fusarium Fusarium: A mitosporic Hypocreales fungal genus, various species of which are important parasitic pathogens of plants and a variety of vertebrates. Teleomorphs include GIBBERELLA.	3.64	9	0
rhein [no description available]	2.58	2	0	dihydroxyanthraquinone
plumbagin plumbagin: a superoxide anion generator. plumbagin : A hydroxy-1,4-naphthoquinone that is 1,4-naphthoquinone in which the hydrogens at positions 2 and 5 are substituted by methyl and hydroxy groups, respectively.	2.08	1	0	hydroxy-1,4-naphthoquinone; phenols	anticoagulant; antineoplastic agent; immunological adjuvant; metabolite
aloe emodin aloe emodin: structure distinct from emodin; this does not mean emodin from aloe. Aloe emodin : A dihydroxyanthraquinone that is chrysazin carrying a hydroxymethyl group at position 3. It has been isolated from plant species of the genus Aloe.	2.03	1	0	aromatic primary alcohol; dihydroxyanthraquinone	antineoplastic agent; plant metabolite
chrysophanic acid chrysophanic acid: RN given refers to parent cpd; structure in Merck, 9th ed, #2260. chrysophanol : A trihydroxyanthraquinone that is chrysazin with a methyl substituent at C-3. It has been isolated from Aloe vera and exhibits antiviral and anti-inflammatory activity.	2.15	1	0	dihydroxyanthraquinone	anti-inflammatory agent; antiviral agent; plant metabolite
imperatorin imperatorin: tumor necrosis factor antagonist; furanocoumarin from West African medicinal plant Clausena anisata; structure in Negwer, 5th ed, #3005. imperatorin : A member of the class of psoralens that is psoralen substituted by a prenyloxy group at position 8. Isolated from Angelica dahurica and Angelica koreana, it acts as a acetylcholinesterase inhibitor.	2.45	2	0	psoralens	EC 3.1.1.7 (acetylcholinesterase) inhibitor; metabolite
phosphoadenosine phosphosulfate Phosphoadenosine Phosphosulfate: 3'-Phosphoadenosine-5'-phosphosulfate. Key intermediate in the formation by living cells of sulfate esters of phenols, alcohols, steroids, sulfated polysaccharides, and simple esters, such as choline sulfate. It is formed from sulfate ion and ATP in a two-step process. This compound also is an important step in the process of sulfur fixation in plants and microorganisms.. 3'-phospho-5'-adenylyl sulfate : An adenosine bisphosphate having monophosphate groups at the 3'- and 5'-positions and a sulfo group attached to the phosphate at position 5'.	2.7	3	0	acyl sulfate; adenosine bisphosphate; purine ribonucleoside bisphosphate	Escherichia coli metabolite; mouse metabolite
emetine Emetine: The principal alkaloid of ipecac, from the ground roots of Uragoga (or Cephaelis) ipecacuanha or U. acuminata, of the Rubiaceae. It is used as an amebicide in many different preparations and may cause serious cardiac, hepatic, or renal damage and violent diarrhea and vomiting. Emetine inhibits protein synthesis in EUKARYOTIC CELLS but not PROKARYOTIC CELLS.. emetine : A pyridoisoquinoline comprising emetam having methoxy substituents at the 6'-, 7'-, 10- and 11-positions. It is an antiprotozoal agent and emetic. It inhibits SARS-CoV2, Zika and Ebola virus replication and displays antimalarial, antineoplastic and antiamoebic properties.	3.08	5	0	isoquinoline alkaloid; pyridoisoquinoline	antiamoebic agent; anticoronaviral agent; antiinfective agent; antimalarial; antineoplastic agent; antiprotozoal drug; antiviral agent; autophagy inhibitor; emetic; expectorant; plant metabolite; protein synthesis inhibitor
osthol osthol: from Cnidium monnieri and Angelica pubescens (both Apiaceae); structure given in first source	3.35	6	0	botanical anti-fungal agent; coumarins	metabolite
dihydralazine Dihydralazine: 1,4-Dihydrazinophthalazine. An antihypertensive agent with actions and uses similar to those of HYDRALAZINE. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p354)	2.05	1	0	phthalazines
cytisine [no description available]	2.41	2	0	alkaloid; bridged compound; lactam; organic heterotricyclic compound; secondary amino compound	nicotinic acetylcholine receptor agonist; phytotoxin; plant metabolite
ninhydrin Ninhydrin: 2,2-Dihydroxy-1H-indene-1,3-(2H)-dione. Reagent toxic to skin and mucus membranes. It is used in chemical assay for peptide bonds, i.e., protein determinations and has radiosensitizing properties.. ninhydrin : A member of the class of indanones that is indane-1,3-dione bearing two additional hydroxy substituents at position 2.	2.92	4	0	aromatic ketone; beta-diketone; indanones; ketone hydrate	colour indicator; human metabolite
bicuculline Bicuculline: An isoquinoline alkaloid obtained from Dicentra cucullaria and other plants. It is a competitive antagonist for GABA-A receptors.. bicuculline : A benzylisoquinoline alkaloid that is 6-methyl-5,6,7,8-tetrahydro[1,3]dioxolo[4,5-g]isoquinoline which is substituted at the 5-pro-S position by a (6R)-8-oxo-6,8-dihydrofuro[3,4-e][1,3]benzodioxol-6-yl group. A light-sensitive competitive antagonist of GABAA receptors. It was originally identified in 1932 in plant alkaloid extracts and has been isolated from Dicentra cucullaria, Adlumia fungosa, Fumariaceae, and several Corydalis species.	16.29	341	0	benzylisoquinoline alkaloid; isoquinoline alkaloid; isoquinolines	agrochemical; central nervous system stimulant; GABA-gated chloride channel antagonist; GABAA receptor antagonist; neurotoxin
flavanone flavanone: RN given refers to cpd with unspecified isomeric designation; structure in first source. flavanone : The simplest member of the class of flavanones that consists of flavan bearing an oxo substituent at position 4.	2.07	1	0	flavanones
kainic acid Kainic Acid: (2S-(2 alpha,3 beta,4 beta))-2-Carboxy-4-(1-methylethenyl)-3-pyrrolidineacetic acid. Ascaricide obtained from the red alga Digenea simplex. It is a potent excitatory amino acid agonist at some types of excitatory amino acid receptors and has been used to discriminate among receptor types. Like many excitatory amino acid agonists it can cause neurotoxicity and has been used experimentally for that purpose.	14.87	1,287	0	dicarboxylic acid; L-proline derivative; non-proteinogenic L-alpha-amino acid; pyrrolidinecarboxylic acid	antinematodal drug; excitatory amino acid agonist
indole-3-carbaldehyde indole-3-carbaldehyde: metabolite of tryptophan; structure. indole-3-carbaldehyde : A heteroarenecarbaldehyde that is indole in which the hydrogen at position 3 has been replaced by a formyl group.	2.04	1	0	heteroarenecarbaldehyde; indole alkaloid; indoles	bacterial metabolite; human xenobiotic metabolite; marine metabolite; plant metabolite
thymoquinone thymoquinone: constituent of cedarwood; can cause dermatitis; structure. thymoquinone : A member of the class of 1,4-benzoquinones that is 1,4-bezoquinone in which the hydrogens at positions 2 and 5 are replaced by methyl and isopropyl groups, respectively. It is a natural compound isolated from Nigella sativa which has demonstrated promising chemotherapeutic activity.	2.08	1	0	1,4-benzoquinones	adjuvant; anti-inflammatory agent; antidepressant; antineoplastic agent; antioxidant; cardioprotective agent; plant metabolite
phenylpropanolamine Phenylpropanolamine: A sympathomimetic that acts mainly by causing release of NOREPINEPHRINE but also has direct agonist activity at some adrenergic receptors. It is most commonly used as a nasal vasoconstrictor and an appetite depressant.. phenylpropanolamine : An amphetamine in which the parent 1-phenylpropan-2-amine skeleton is substituted at position 1 with an hydroxy group. A decongestant and appetite suppressant, it is commonly used in prescription and over-the-counter cough and cold preparations.. (-)-norephedrine : An amphetamine that is propylbenzene substituted by a hydroxy group at position 1 and by an amino group at position 2 (the 1R,2S-stereoisomer). It is a plant alkaloid.	2.96	4	0	amphetamines; phenethylamine alkaloid	plant metabolite
methyl red methyl red: RN given refers to parent cpd; structure. methyl red : An azo dye consisting of benzoic acid substituted at position 2 by a 4-[(dimethylamino)phenyl]diazenyl group.	2	1	0
dithiol dithiol: structure	3.06	1	0
meconic acid meconic acid: most alkaloids from opium are present in form of meconates; meconic acid is strictly peculiar to opium; from papaver; structure	2.31	1	0	pyranone
isomaltose [no description available]	2.39	2	0
carvacrol carvacrol : A phenol that is a natural monoterpene derivative of cymene. An inhibitor of bacterial growth, it is used as a food additive. Potent activator of the human ion channels transient receptor potential V3 (TRPV3) and A1 (TRPA1).	2.1	1	0	botanical anti-fungal agent; p-menthane monoterpenoid; phenols	agrochemical; antimicrobial agent; flavouring agent; TRPA1 channel agonist; volatile oil component
2,4-pyridinedicarboxylic acid lutidinic acid : A pyridinedicarboxylic acid carrying carboxy groups at positions 2 and 4.	2.75	3	0	pyridinedicarboxylic acid
dipicolinic acid dipicolinic acid : A pyridinedicarboxylic acid carrying two carboxy groups at positions 2 and 6.	3.07	5	0	pyridinedicarboxylic acid	bacterial metabolite
indophenol Indophenol: A deep blue dye (with the formula OC6H4NC6H4OH) used to detect AMMONIA in a common test called the Berthelot's reaction and to detect PARACETAMOL by spectrophotometry.. indophenol : A quinone imine obtained by formal condensation of one of the keto groups of benzoquinone with the amino group of 4-hydroxyaniline.	2.71	3	0	quinone imine	dye
4-hydroxyphenylethanol 4-hydroxyphenylethanol: in chest gland secretion of galagos. 2-(4-hydroxyphenyl)ethanol : A phenol substituted at position 4 by a 2-hydroxyethyl group.	2	1	0	phenols	anti-arrhythmia drug; antioxidant; cardiovascular drug; fungal metabolite; geroprotector; plant metabolite; protective agent
caprolactone hexano-6-lactone : A epsilon-lactone that is oxepane substituted by an oxo group at position 2.	7.41	1	0	epsilon-lactone
4-hydroxybutyric acid 4-hydroxybutyric acid: was an entry term to Sodium Oxybate (74-98). 4-hydroxybutyric acid : A 4-hydroxy monocarboxylic acid that is butyric acid in which one of the hydrogens at position 4 is replaced by a hydroxy group.	3.13	5	0	4-hydroxy monocarboxylic acid; hydroxybutyric acid	general anaesthetic; GHB receptor agonist; neurotoxin; sedative
azetidine [no description available]	1.98	1	0	azacycloalkane; azetidines; saturated organic heteromonocyclic parent
alpha-aminopyridine alpha-aminopyridine: RN given refers to parent cpd; structure in Merck Index, 9th ed, #485. aminopyridine : Compounds containing a pyridine skeleton substituted by one or more amine groups.	5.31	17	0
1,3-propanediol propane-1,3-diol : The simplest member of the class of propane-1,3-diols, consisting of propane in which one hydrogen from each methyl group is substituted by a hydroxy group. A colourless, viscous, water-miscible liquid with a high (210degreeC) boiling point, it is used in the synthesis of certain polymers and as a solvent and antifreeze.	2.55	2	0	propane-1,3-diols	metabolite; protic solvent
thiazolidines Thiazolidines: Reduced (protonated) form of THIAZOLES. They can be oxidized to THIAZOLIDINEDIONES.	4.09	15	0	thiazolidine
mustard gas Mustard Gas: Severe irritant and vesicant of skin, eyes, and lungs. It may cause blindness and lethal lung edema and was formerly used as a war gas. The substance has been proposed as a cytostatic and for treatment of psoriasis. It has been listed as a known carcinogen in the Fourth Annual Report on Carcinogens (NTP-85-002, 1985) (Merck, 11th ed).. bis(2-chloroethyl) sulfide : An ethyl sulfide that is diethyl sulfide in which a hydrogen from each of the terminal methyl groups is replaced by a chlorine. It is a powerful vesicant regulated under the Chemical Weapons Convention.	2.41	1	0	ethyl sulfide; organochlorine compound	alkylating agent; carcinogenic agent; vesicant
cyanogen bromide Cyanogen Bromide: Cyanogen bromide (CNBr). A compound used in molecular biology to digest some proteins and as a coupling reagent for phosphoroamidate or pyrophosphate internucleotide bonds in DNA duplexes.	4.05	15	0
oleanolic acid [no description available]	3.57	8	0	hydroxy monocarboxylic acid; pentacyclic triterpenoid	plant metabolite
tetranitromethane [no description available]	2	1	0	organonitrogen compound
dihydroergotamine Dihydroergotamine: A 9,10alpha-dihydro derivative of ERGOTAMINE. It is used as a vasoconstrictor, specifically for the therapy of MIGRAINE DISORDERS.. dihydroergotamine : Ergotamine in which a single bond replaces the double bond between positions 9 and 10. A semisynthetic ergot alkaloid with weaker oxytocic and vasoconstrictor properties than ergotamine, it is used (as the methanesulfonic or tartaric acid salts) for the treatment of migraine and orthostatic hypotension.	2.05	1	0	ergot alkaloid; semisynthetic derivative	dopamine agonist; non-narcotic analgesic; serotonergic agonist; sympatholytic agent; vasoconstrictor agent
trimethyl phosphate trimethyl phosphate: request from searcher; structure. trimethyl phosphate : A trialkyl phosphate that is the trimethyl ester of phosphoric acid.	1.97	1	0	trialkyl phosphate	insect attractant; NMR chemical shift reference compound
echothiophate iodide Echothiophate Iodide: A potent, long-acting cholinesterase inhibitor used as a miotic in the treatment of glaucoma.. ecothiopate iodide : The iodide salt of ecothiopate. An irreversible acetylcholinesterase inhibitor, it is used an ocular antihypertensive in the treatment of open-angle glaucoma, particularly when other drugs have proved inadequate.	2.02	1	0	iodide salt; quaternary ammonium salt	antiglaucoma drug; EC 3.1.1.8 (cholinesterase) inhibitor; miotic
dithiazanine Dithiazanine: 3-Ethyl-2-(5-(3-ethyl-2-benzothiazolinylidene)-1,3- pentadienyl)benzothiazolium. A benzothiazole that was formerly used as an antinematodal agent and is currently used as a fluorescent dye.. dithiazanine : A cationic C3-cyanine dye with 3-ethylbenzothiazol-2-yl groups at both ends.	1.97	1	0	benzothiazoles; benzothiazolium ion	anthelminthic drug; fluorochrome
hematoxylin Hematoxylin: A dye obtained from the heartwood of logwood (Haematoxylon campechianum Linn., Leguminosae) used as a stain in microscopy and in the manufacture of ink.	2.41	1	0	organic heterotetracyclic compound; oxacycle; polyphenol; tertiary alcohol	histological dye; plant metabolite
podophyllotoxin Podophyllum: A genus of poisonous American herbs, family BERBERIDACEAE. The roots yield PODOPHYLLOTOXIN and other pharmacologically important agents. The plant was formerly used as a cholagogue and cathartic. It is different from the European mandrake, MANDRAGORA.	2.05	1	0	furonaphthodioxole; lignan; organic heterotetracyclic compound	antimitotic; antineoplastic agent; keratolytic drug; microtubule-destabilising agent; plant metabolite; tubulin modulator
triphenylmethane triphenylmethane : A triarylmethane in which the three aryl groups are phenyl. It forms the basic skeleton of several synthetic dyes.	6.92	1	0	triarylmethane	environmental contaminant; xenobiotic
hesperidin Hesperidin: A flavanone glycoside found in CITRUS fruit peels.. hesperidin : A disaccharide derivative that consists of hesperetin substituted by a 6-O-(alpha-L-rhamnopyranosyl)-beta-D-glucopyranosyl moiety at position 7 via a glycosidic linkage.	2.78	3	0	3'-hydroxyflavanones; 4'-methoxyflavanones; dihydroxyflavanone; disaccharide derivative; flavanone glycoside; monomethoxyflavanone; rutinoside	mutagen
psilocybin Psilocybin: The major of two hallucinogenic components of Teonanacatl, the sacred mushroom of Mexico, the other component being psilocin. (From Merck Index, 11th ed). psilocybin : A tryptamine alkaloid that is N,N-dimethyltryptamine carrying an additional phosphoryloxy substituent at position 4. The major hallucinogenic alkaloid isolated from Psilocybe mushrooms (also known as Teonanacatl or "magic mushrooms").	5.21	3	1	organic phosphate; tertiary amino compound; tryptamine alkaloid	fungal metabolite; hallucinogen; prodrug; serotonergic agonist
androstenediol Androstenediol: An intermediate in TESTOSTERONE biosynthesis, found in the TESTIS or the ADRENAL GLANDS. Androstenediol, derived from DEHYDROEPIANDROSTERONE by the reduction of the 17-keto group (17-HYDROXYSTEROID DEHYDROGENASES), is converted to TESTOSTERONE by the oxidation of the 3-beta hydroxyl group to a 3-keto group (3-HYDROXYSTEROID DEHYDROGENASES).. androst-5-ene-3beta,17beta-diol : A 3beta-hydroxy-Delta(5)-steroid that is 3beta-hydroxyandrost-5-ene carrying an additional hydroxy group at position 17beta.	2	1	0	17beta-hydroxy steroid; 3beta-hydroxy-Delta(5)-steroid	androgen; human metabolite; mouse metabolite; radiation protective agent
dihydrotestosterone Dihydrotestosterone: A potent androgenic metabolite of TESTOSTERONE. It is produced by the action of the enzyme 3-OXO-5-ALPHA-STEROID 4-DEHYDROGENASE.. 17beta-hydroxyandrostan-3-one : A 17beta-hydroxy steroid that is testosterone in which the 4-5 double bond has been reduced to a single bond with unspecified configuration at position 5.. 17beta-hydroxy-5alpha-androstan-3-one : A 17beta-hydroxy steroid that is testosterone in which the 4,5 double bond has been reduced to a single bond with alpha-configuration at position 5.	3.42	7	0	17beta-hydroxy steroid; 17beta-hydroxyandrostan-3-one; 3-oxo-5alpha-steroid	androgen; Daphnia magna metabolite; human metabolite; mouse metabolite
luminol Luminol: 5-Amino-2,3-dihydro-1,4-phthalazinedione. Substance that emits light on oxidation. It is used in chemical determinations.	2.38	2	0
flavone flavone: RN given refers to unlabeled cpd; structure given in first source. flavone : The simplest member of the class of flavones that consists of 4H-chromen-4-one bearing a phenyl substituent at position 2.	3.49	2	0	flavones	metabolite; nematicide
gluconic acid gluconic acid: zinc gluconate has anti-inflammatory activity; RN given refers to (D)-isomer; all RRs refers to (D)-isomer unless otherwise noted. ketogluconic acid : A gluconic acid that contains a ketonic carbonyl group.. D-gluconic acid : A gluconic acid having D-configuration.	3.52	8	0	gluconic acid	chelator; Penicillium metabolite
copper gluconate Gluconates: Derivatives of gluconic acid (the structural formula HOCH2(CHOH)4COOH), including its salts and esters.	3.62	9	0	organic molecular entity
azomycin azomycin: RN given refers to parent cpd with specified locant; structure	2	1	0	C-nitro compound; imidazoles	antitubercular agent
uridine diphosphate n-acetylglucosamine Uridine Diphosphate N-Acetylglucosamine: Serves as the biological precursor of insect chitin, of muramic acid in bacterial cell walls, and of sialic acids in mammalian glycoproteins.	2.48	2	0
cellobiose beta-cellobiose : A cellobiose with beta configuration at the reducing-end glucose residue.	3.24	6	0	cellobiose	epitope
syringic acid syringic acid: RN given refers to parent cpd; structure in third source. syringic acid : A dimethoxybenzene that is 3,5-dimethyl ether derivative of gallic acid.	2.21	1	0	benzoic acids; dimethoxybenzene; phenols	plant metabolite
mandelonitrile, (+-)-isomer [no description available]	2.11	1	0	cyanohydrin
thiamine monophosphate Thiamine Monophosphate: Thiamine dihydrogen phosphate ester. The monophosphate ester of thiamine. Synonyms: monophosphothiamine; vitamin B1 monophosphate.. thiamine(1+) monophosphate chloride : An organic chloride salt of thiamine(1+) monophosphate.	2.05	1	0	organic chloride salt; vitamin B1
chlormethiazole Chlormethiazole: A sedative and anticonvulsant often used in the treatment of alcohol withdrawal. Chlormethiazole has also been proposed as a neuroprotective agent. The mechanism of its therapeutic activity is not entirely clear, but it does potentiate GAMMA-AMINOBUTYRIC ACID receptors response and it may also affect glycine receptors.	3.38	7	0	thiazoles
hydroxyhydroquinone benzene-1,2,4-triol : A benzenetriol carrying hydroxy groups at positions 1, 2 and 4.	2.67	3	0	benzenetriol	mouse metabolite
tropolone Tropolone: A seven-membered aromatic ring compound. It is structurally related to a number of naturally occurring antifungal compounds (ANTIFUNGAL AGENTS).. tropolone : A cyclic ketone that is cyclohepta-2,4,6-trien-1-one substituted by a hydroxy group at position 2. It is a toxin produced by the agricultural pathogen Burkholderia plantarii.	2.13	1	0	alpha-hydroxy ketone; cyclic ketone; enol	bacterial metabolite; fungicide; toxin
4,6-dinitro-o-cresol 4,6-dinitro-o-cresol: RN given refers to parent cpd; structure. 4,6-dinitro-o-cresol : A hydroxytoluene that is o-cresol carrying nitro substituents at positions 4 and 6.	1.99	1	0	dinitrophenol acaricide; hydroxytoluene; nitrotoluene	dinitrophenol insecticide; fungicide; herbicide
2-n-butylmalonate 2-n-butylmalonate: structure	2.68	3	0
pyrithiamine Pyrithiamine: A thiamine antagonist due to its inhibition of thiamine pyrophosphorylation. It is used to produce thiamine deficiency.. pyrithiamine : A pyridinium ion that is 3-(2-hydroxyethyl)-2-methylpyridine substituted at position 1 by a (4-amino-2-methylpyrimidin-5-yl)methyl group.	9.57	8	0
methoxyhydroxyphenylglycol Methoxyhydroxyphenylglycol: Synthesized from endogenous epinephrine and norepinephrine in vivo. It is found in brain, blood, CSF, and urine, where its concentrations are used to measure catecholamine turnover.	7.39	60	0	methoxybenzenes; phenols
perillyl alcohol perillyl alcohol: inhibits geranylgeranyl transferase; structure in first source. perillyl alcohol : A limonene monoterpenoid consists of a cyclohexene ring substituted by a hydroxymethyl and a prop-1-en-2-yl group at positions 1 and 4 respectively. It is a constituent of a variety of essential oils including lavender.	4.02	2	1	limonene monoterpenoid	plant metabolite; volatile oil component
3,5-dibromotyrosine 3,5-dibromotyrosine: used to synthesize various secondary metabolites from marine sponges	3.13	1	0	monocarboxylic acid
methamphetamine Methamphetamine: A central nervous system stimulant and sympathomimetic with actions and uses similar to DEXTROAMPHETAMINE. The smokable form is a drug of abuse and is referred to as crank, crystal, crystal meth, ice, and speed.. methamphetamine : A member of the class of amphetamines in which the amino group of (S)-amphetamine carries a methyl substituent.	10.12	112	0	amphetamines; secondary amine	central nervous system stimulant; environmental contaminant; neurotoxin; psychotropic drug; xenobiotic
dicyclohexylcarbodiimide 1,3-dicyclohexylcarbodiimide : A carbodiimide compound having a cyclohexyl substituent on both nitrogen atoms.	5.61	24	0	carbodiimide	ATP synthase inhibitor; cross-linking reagent; peptide coupling reagent
aminoacetonitrile Aminoacetonitrile: Cyanomethylamine.	2.53	2	0
3-aminobutyric acid 3-aminobutyric acid: GABA uptake inhibitor. 3-aminobutanoic acid : A beta-amino acid that is butyric acid which is substituted by an amino group at position 3.	2.07	1	0	amino acid zwitterion; beta-amino acid; monocarboxylic acid	metabolite
maleimide [no description available]	2.48	2	0	dicarboximide; maleimides	EC 5.99.1.3 [DNA topoisomerase (ATP-hydrolysing)] inhibitor
muscone muscone: structure in first source	2.47	2	0
malondialdehyde Malondialdehyde: The dialdehyde of malonic acid.. malonaldehyde : A dialdehyde that is propane substituted by two oxo groups at the terminal carbon atoms respectively. A biomarker of oxidative damage to lipids caused by smoking, it exists in vivo mainly in the enol form.	8.47	74	1	dialdehyde	biomarker
aceturic acid aceturic acid: structure. N-acetylglycine : An N-acylglycine where the acyl group is specified as acetyl.	1.96	1	0	N-acetyl-amino acid; N-acylglycine	human metabolite
myristic acid Myristic Acid: A saturated 14-carbon fatty acid occurring in most animal and vegetable fats, particularly butterfat and coconut, palm, and nutmeg oils. It is used to synthesize flavor and as an ingredient in soaps and cosmetics. (From Dorland, 28th ed). tetradecanoic acid : A straight-chain, fourteen-carbon, long-chain saturated fatty acid mostly found in milk fat.. tetradecanoate : A long-chain fatty acid anion that is the conjugate base of myristic acid; major species at pH 7.3.	3.25	6	0	long-chain fatty acid; straight-chain saturated fatty acid	algal metabolite; Daphnia magna metabolite; EC 3.1.1.1 (carboxylesterase) inhibitor; human metabolite
n-hexadecane n-hexadecane: structure. hexadecane : A straight-chain alkane with 16 carbon atoms. It is a component of essential oil isolated from long pepper.	1.96	1	0	long-chain alkane	non-polar solvent; plant metabolite; volatile oil component
trinitrobenzenesulfonic acid Trinitrobenzenesulfonic Acid: A reagent that is used to neutralize peptide terminal amino groups.. 2,4,6-trinitrobenzenesulfonic acid : The arenesulfonic acid that is benzenesulfonic acid with three nitro substituents in the 2-, 4- and 6-positions.	3.28	6	0	arenesulfonic acid; C-nitro compound	epitope; explosive; reagent
eosine yellowish-(ys) Eosine Yellowish-(YS): A versatile red dye used in cosmetics, pharmaceuticals, textiles, etc., and as tissue stain, vital stain, and counterstain with HEMATOXYLIN. It is also used in special culture media.. eosin YS dye : An organic sodium salt that is 2',4',5',7'-tetrabromofluorescein in which the carboxy group and the phenolic hydroxy group have been deprotonated and the resulting charge is neutralised by two sodium ions.	2.79	3	0	organic sodium salt; organobromine compound	fluorochrome; histological dye
gentian violet Gentian Violet: A dye that is a mixture of violet rosanilinis with antibacterial, antifungal, and anthelmintic properties.. crystal violet : An organic chloride salt that is the monochloride salt of crystal violet cation. It has been used in creams for the topical treatment of bacterial and fungal infections, being effective against some Gram-positive bacteria (notably Staphylococcus species) and some pathogenic fungi (including Candida species) but use declined following reports of animal carcinogenicity. It has also been used for dying wood, silk, and paper, as well as a histological stain.	2.71	3	0	organic chloride salt	anthelminthic drug; antibacterial agent; antifungal agent; antiseptic drug; histological dye
resazurin resazurin: used as indicator in detection of hyposulfite (sulfoxylate); in food research (reductase test); structure	1.99	1	0	phenoxazine
paeonol paeonol: structure	2.46	2	0	methoxybenzenes; phenols	metabolite
hematoporphyrin Hematoporphyrins: Iron-free derivatives of heme with 4 methyl groups, 2 hydroxyethyl groups and 2 propionic acid groups attached to the pyrrole rings. Some of these PHOTOSENSITIZING AGENTS are used in the PHOTOTHERAPY of malignant NEOPLASMS.. hematoporphyrin : A dicarboxylic acid that is protoporphyrin in which the vinyl groups at positions 7 and 12 are replaced by 1-hydroxyethyl groups.	2.44	2	0
neutral red Neutral Red: A vital dye used as an indicator and biological stain. Various adverse effects have been observed in biological systems.. neutral red : A hydrochloride obtained by combining the free base of neutral red with one equivalent of hydrochloric acid. Neutral red acts as a pH indicator, changing from red to yellow between pH 6.8 and 8.0.	2.73	3	0	hydrochloride	acid-base indicator; dye; two-colour indicator
4,4'-bipyridyl 4,4'-bipyridine : A bipyridine in which the two pyridine moieties are linked by a bond between positions C-4 and C-4'.	2.06	1	0	bipyridine
aniline mustard Aniline Mustard: Alkylating anti-neoplastic agent.	2.42	2	0
nicotinic acid hydrazide nicotinic acid hydrazide: structural homolog of isoniazid; structure given in first source	6.93	1	0
lithium carbonate Lithium Carbonate: A lithium salt, classified as a mood-stabilizing agent. Lithium ion alters the metabolism of BIOGENIC MONOAMINES in the CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM, and affects multiple neurotransmission systems.	4.76	5	0	carbonate salt; lithium salt	antimanic drug
4-chloromercuribenzenesulfonate 4-Chloromercuribenzenesulfonate: A cytotoxic sulfhydryl reagent that inhibits several subcellular metabolic systems and is used as a tool in cellular physiology.	4	14	0	arenesulfonic acid; arylmercury compound
glycyl-glycyl-glycine glycyl-glycyl-glycine : A tripeptide in which three glycine units are linked via peptide bonds in a linear sequence.	2.4	2	0	tripeptide zwitterion; tripeptide
glycylglycine [no description available]	2.91	4	0	dipeptide zwitterion; dipeptide	human metabolite
glycidol glycidol: structure given in first source	1.93	1	0	epoxide; primary alcohol
lignoceric acid lignoceric acid: RN given refers to parent cpd; structure. tetracosanoic acid : A C24 straight-chain saturated fatty acid.	6.96	1	0	straight-chain saturated fatty acid; very long-chain fatty acid	Daphnia tenebrosa metabolite; human metabolite; plant metabolite; volatile oil component
glycerylphosphorylcholine Glycerylphosphorylcholine: A component of PHOSPHATIDYLCHOLINES or LECITHINS, in which the two hydroxy groups of GLYCEROL are esterified with fatty acids. (From Stedman, 26th ed)	3.84	11	0	glycerophosphocholine
malachite green malachite green: RN given refers to parent cpd; structure. malachite green : An organic chloride salt that is the monochloride salt of malachite green cation. Used as a green-coloured dye, as a counter-stain in histology, and for its anti-fungal properties in aquaculture.	2.42	2	0	organic chloride salt	antibacterial agent; antifungal drug; carcinogenic agent; environmental contaminant; fluorochrome; histological dye; teratogenic agent
congo red Congo Red: An acid dye used in testing for hydrochloric acid in gastric contents. It is also used histologically to test for AMYLOIDOSIS.. Congo Red : An indicator dye that is blue-violet at pH 3.0 and red at pH 5.0.	2.42	2	0	bis(azo) compound
lactulose [no description available]	2.05	1	0	glycosylfructose	gastrointestinal drug; laxative
3-hydroxyflavone 3-hydroxyflavone: structure given in first source. flavonol : A monohydroxyflavone that is the 3-hydroxy derivative of flavone.	2.44	2	0	flavonols; monohydroxyflavone
succinimide succinimide: RN given refers to parent cpd. succinimide : A dicarboximide that is pyrrolidine which is substituted by oxo groups at positions 2 and 5.	2.21	1	0	dicarboximide; pyrrolidinone
allethrins Allethrins: Synthetic analogs of the naturally occurring insecticides cinerin, jasmolin, and pyrethrin. (From Merck Index, 11th ed)	2.1	1	0	cyclopropanecarboxylate ester	pyrethroid ester insecticide
isovalerylaldehyde isovalerylaldehyde: structure in Merck Index, 9th ed, #5093. 3-methylbutanal : A methylbutanal that is butanal substituted by a methyl group at position 3. It occurs as a volatile constituent in olives.	2.01	1	0	methylbutanal	flavouring agent; plant metabolite; Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite; volatile oil component
3,5-dichlorophenol 3,5-dichlorophenol : A dichlorophenol in which the two chloro substituents are located at positions 3 and 5.	2.05	1	0	dichlorophenol
levulinic acid levulinic acid: inhibits 5-aminolevulinic acid dehydratase; RN given refers to parent cpd; structure in Merck Index, 9th ed, #5316. 4-oxopentanoic acid : An oxopentanoic acid with the oxo group in the 4-position.	2.76	3	0	oxopentanoic acid; straight-chain saturated fatty acid	plant metabolite
allyl acetate allyl acetate: potential fumigant for treating stored grains	2.05	1	0
octadecane octadecane: RN given refers to parent cpd. octadecane : A straight-chain alkane carrying 18 carbon atoms.	1.96	1	0	long-chain alkane	bacterial metabolite; plant metabolite
dimethyl mercury [no description available]	2.48	2	0	methylmercury compound
n-methylhydroxylamine [no description available]	1.98	1	0
megestrol acetate [no description available]	2.05	1	0	20-oxo steroid; 3-oxo-Delta(4) steroid; acetate ester; steroid ester	antineoplastic agent; appetite enhancer; contraceptive drug; progestin; synthetic oral contraceptive
2-chloropropionic acid 2-chloropropionic acid: RN given refers to parent cpd with specified chlorine locant; structure	3.09	5	0
ethylmalonic acid ethylmalonic acid: don't confuse with diethyl malonate, which is a diester. ethylmalonate : A dicarboxylic acid anion obtained by deprotonation of at least one of the carboxy groups of ethylmalonic acid.. ethylmalonic acid : A dicarboxylic acid obtained by substitution of one of the methylene hydrogens of malonic acid by an ethyl group.	7.17	1	0	dicarboxylic acid; dicarboxylic fatty acid	human metabolite
1,1'-binaphthyl 1,1'-binaphthyl: structure in first source	2.25	1	0
dansyl chloride dansyl chloride: RN given refers to unlabeled cpd	2.91	4	0	aminonaphthalene; sulfonic acid derivative
phenylglyoxylic acid phenylglyoxylic acid: styrene metabolite. phenylglyoxylic acid : A 2-oxo monocarboxylic acid that is glyoxylic acid in which the aldehyde hydrogen is substituted by a phenyl group.	1.99	1	0	2-oxo monocarboxylic acid	biomarker; human xenobiotic metabolite
2-pyrrolidone 2-pyrrolidone: RN given refers to parent cpd. pyrrolidin-2-one : The simplest member of the class of pyrrolidin-2-ones, consisting of pyrrolidine in which the hydrogens at position 2 are replaced by an oxo group. The lactam arising by the formal intramolecular condensation of the amino and carboxy groups of gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA).	2.44	2	0	pyrrolidin-2-ones	metabolite; polar solvent
acetylcysteine N-acetyl-L-cysteine : An N-acetyl-L-amino acid that is the N-acetylated derivative of the natural amino acid L-cysteine.	14.98	85	16	acetylcysteine; L-cysteine derivative; N-acetyl-L-amino acid	antidote to paracetamol poisoning; antiinfective agent; antioxidant; antiviral drug; ferroptosis inhibitor; geroprotector; human metabolite; mucolytic; radical scavenger; vulnerary
chorismic acid Chorismic Acid: A cyclohexadiene carboxylic acid derived from SHIKIMIC ACID and a precursor for the biosynthesis of UBIQUINONE and the AROMATIC AMINO ACIDS.. chorismic acid : The (3R,4R)-stereoisomer of 5-[(1-carboxyethenyl)oxy]-6-hydroxycyclohexa-1,3-diene-1-carboxylic acid.	2	1	0	5-[(1-carboxyethenyl)oxy]-6-hydroxycyclohexa-1,3-diene-1-carboxylic acid	Escherichia coli metabolite; plant metabolite; Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite
triethylsilane [no description available]	7.05	1	0	organosilicon compound	reducing agent
2,6-dichloro-4-nitrophenol [no description available]	1.97	1	0
glycine ethyl ester glycine ethyl ester: RN given refers to parent cpd	2.37	2	0
amyl acetate amyl acetate: sources do not specify n-isomer. pentyl acetate : An acetate ester of pentanol.	2.17	1	0	acetate ester	metabolite
pentadecane pentadecane : A straight-chain alkane with 15 carbon atoms. It is a component of volatile oils isolated from plants species like Scandix balansae.	1.96	1	0	long-chain alkane	animal metabolite; plant metabolite; volatile oil component
c.i. 42510 Rosaniline Dyes: Compounds that contain the triphenylmethane aniline structure found in rosaniline. Many of them have a characteristic magenta color and are used as COLORING AGENTS.. basic fuchsin : A four-component mixture of chemically related dyes comprising pararosanilin, rosanilin, magenta II and new fuchsin in varying amounts. rosanilin : A hydrochloride that is the monohydrochloride of 4-[(4-aminophenyl)(4-iminocyclohexa-2,5-dien-1-ylidene)methyl]-2-methylaniline. One of the major constituents of Basic fuchsin, together with pararosanilin, magenta II and new fuchsin.	5.03	9	1
brilliant green brilliant green: RN given refers to sulfate; structure in Merck Index, 9th ed, #1378. brilliant green : An organic hydrogensulfate salt having 4-{[4-(diethylamino)phenyl](phenyl)methylidene}-N,N-diethylcyclohexa-2,5-dien-1-iminium as the counterion.	2	1	0	organic hydrogensulfate salt	antibacterial agent; antiseptic drug; environmental contaminant; fluorochrome; histological dye; poison
clopenthixol Clopenthixol: A thioxanthene with therapeutic actions similar to the phenothiazine antipsychotics. It is an antagonist at D1 and D2 dopamine receptors.. clopenthixol : A thioxanthene derivative having a chloro substituent at the 2-position and an alkylidene group at the 10-position with undefined double bond stereochemistry.	2.11	1	0	N-alkylpiperazine; primary alcohol; thioxanthenes	alpha-adrenergic antagonist; dopaminergic antagonist; first generation antipsychotic; H1-receptor antagonist; serotonergic antagonist
fluoroacetamide 2-fluoroacetamide : Acetamide substituted at C-2 by a fluorine atom.	1.96	1	0	2-fluoroacetamides
apocodeine apocodeine: monomethyl ether of apomorphine; used as expectorant, hypnotic, & cathartic; RN refers to (R)-isomer; structure	2	1	0
benzydamine Benzydamine: A benzyl-indazole having analgesic, antipyretic, and anti-inflammatory effects. It is used to reduce post-surgical and post-traumatic pain and edema and to promote healing. It is also used topically in treatment of RHEUMATIC DISEASES and INFLAMMATION of the mouth and throat.. benzydamine : A member of the class of indazoles carrying benzyl and 3-(dimethylamino)propyl groups at positions 1 and 3 respectively. A locally-acting nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug that also exhibits local anaesthetic and analgesic properties.	2.17	1	0	aromatic ether; indazoles; tertiary amino compound	analgesic; central nervous system stimulant; hallucinogen; local anaesthetic; non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug
erythromycin stearate [no description available]	2.05	1	0	aminoglycoside
erythromycin Erythromycin: A bacteriostatic antibiotic macrolide produced by Streptomyces erythreus. Erythromycin A is considered its major active component. In sensitive organisms, it inhibits protein synthesis by binding to 50S ribosomal subunits. This binding process inhibits peptidyl transferase activity and interferes with translocation of amino acids during translation and assembly of proteins.. erythromycin : Any of several wide-spectrum macrolide antibiotics obtained from actinomycete Saccharopolyspora erythraea (formerly known as Streptomyces erythraeus).. erythromycin A : An erythromycin that consists of erythronolide A having 2,6-dideoxy-3-C-methyl-3-O-methyl-alpha-L-ribo-hexopyranosyl and 3,4,6-trideoxy-3-(dimethylamino)-beta-D-xylo-hexopyranosyl residues attahced at positions 4 and 6 respectively.	2.37	2	0	cyclic ketone; erythromycin
dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate Dehydroepiandrosterone Sulfate: The circulating form of a major C19 steroid produced primarily by the ADRENAL CORTEX. DHEA sulfate serves as a precursor for TESTOSTERONE; ANDROSTENEDIONE; ESTRADIOL; and ESTRONE.. dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate : A steroid sulfate that is the 3-sulfooxy derivative of dehydroepiandrosterone.	3.28	6	0	17-oxo steroid; steroid sulfate	EC 2.7.1.33 (pantothenate kinase) inhibitor; human metabolite; mouse metabolite
dihydroequilin dihydroequilin: RN given refers to (17alpha)-isomer	2.01	1	0
homoserine homoserine : An alpha-amino acid that is glycine substituted at the alpha-position by a 2-hydroxyethyl group.. L-homoserine : The L-enantiomer of homoserine.	4.45	8	0	amino acid zwitterion; homoserine	algal metabolite; Escherichia coli metabolite; human metabolite; Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite
2-piperidone 2-piperidone: structure given in first source. piperidin-2-one : A delta-lactam that is piperidine which is substituted by an oxo group at position 2.	3.74	10	0	delta-lactam; piperidones	EC 1.2.1.88 (L-glutamate gamma-semialdehyde dehydrogenase) inhibitor
hexafluoroacetone hexafluoroacetone: structure; RN given refers to parent cpd. hexafluoroacetone : A ketone that is acetone in which all the methyl hydrogens are replaced by fluoro groups.	3.1	1	0	ketone; perfluorinated compound	NMR chemical shift reference compound
methylnitrosourea Methylnitrosourea: A nitrosourea compound with alkylating, carcinogenic, and mutagenic properties.. N-methyl-N-nitrosourea : A member of the class of N-nitrosoureas that is urea in which one of the nitrogens is substituted by methyl and nitroso groups.	2.02	1	0	N-nitrosoureas	alkylating agent; carcinogenic agent; mutagen; teratogenic agent
1,3-diisopropylcarbodiimide 1,3-diisopropylcarbodiimide: activates carboxyl groups. 1,3-diisopropylcarbodiimide : A carbodiimide compound having an isopropyl substituent on both nitrogen atoms.	2.02	1	0	carbodiimide	peptide coupling reagent
pyridine n-oxide pyridine N-oxide: RN given refers to parent cpd. pyridine N-oxide : The pyridine N-oxide derived from the parent pyridine. It is a drug metabolite of the antihypertensive agent pinacidil.	2.02	1	0	pyridine N-oxides	drug metabolite
diphenyliodonium diphenyliodonium: RN given refers to the parent coumpound; inhibitor of neutrophil superoxide generating oxidase; structure has been determined	2.39	2	0
glycinaldehyde glycinaldehyde: structure	2.02	1	0	epoxide
1,2-cyclohexanedione cyclohexanedione : Cyclohexanones carrying two oxo substituents.. cyclohexane-1,2-dione : A cyclohexanedione carrying oxo substituents at positions 1 and 2.	1.99	1	0	cyclohexanedione
2,3,4,5,6-pentafluorophenol 2,3,4,5,6-pentafluorophenol: RN given refers to parent cpd; structure given in first source	2.03	1	0
2-hydroxy-5-nitrobenzyl bromide 2-Hydroxy-5-nitrobenzyl Bromide: A chemical reagent that reacts with and modifies chemically the tryptophan portion of protein molecules. Used for 'active site' enzyme studies and other protein studies. Sometimes referred to as Koshland's reagent.	1.97	1	0
4-nitrophenyl acetate [no description available]	1.94	1	0	C-nitro compound; phenyl acetates
ametryne ametryne: minor descriptor (72-83); on-line & Index Medicus search HERBICIDES, TRIAZINE (75-83) & HERBICIDES (72-74) & TRIAZINES (72-74); RN given refers to unlabeled cpd; structure. ametryn : A methylthio-1,3,5-triazine that is 2-(methylsulfanyl)-1,3,5-triazine substituted by an ethylamino and an isopropylamino group at positions 4 and 6 respectively.	2.17	1	0	diamino-1,3,5-triazine; methylthio-1,3,5-triazine	environmental contaminant; herbicide
vinblastine [no description available]	2.05	1	0
hydroxyethyl methacrylate hydroxyethyl methacrylate: many of cited refs are for gel which refers to polymeric form of above cpd: POLYHYDROXYETHYL METHACRYLATE. 2-hydroxyethyl methacrylate : An enoate ester that is the monomethacryloyl derivative of ethylene glycol.	7.96	4	0	enoate ester	allergen; polymerisation monomer
n-methylpyrrolidone 1-methylpyrrolidin-2-one: structure in first source. N-methylpyrrolidin-2-one : A member of the class of pyrrolidine-2-ones that is pyrrolidin-2-one in which the hydrogen attached to the nitrogen is replaced by a methyl group.	2.06	1	0	lactam; N-alkylpyrrolidine; pyrrolidin-2-ones	polar aprotic solvent
dodecylamine dodecylamine: RN given refers to parent cpd	2.04	1	0	primary aliphatic amine
cyclopentenone 2-cyclopenten-1-one : An enone that is cyclopentanone having a C=C double bond at position 2.	2.42	2	0	alicyclic ketone; enone	Hsp70 inducer
1-methylpyridinium 1-methylpyridinium: RN given refers to parent cpd	2.08	1	0	methylpyridines
4-phenylpyridine [no description available]	1.97	1	0	phenylpyridine
deoxycytidine [no description available]	2.78	3	0	pyrimidine 2'-deoxyribonucleoside	Escherichia coli metabolite; human metabolite; mouse metabolite; Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite
deoxyuridine [no description available]	3.25	6	0	pyrimidine 2'-deoxyribonucleoside	Escherichia coli metabolite; human metabolite; mouse metabolite; Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite
2,6-dichloroindophenol 2,6-Dichloroindophenol: A dye used as a reagent in the determination of vitamin C.. 2,6-dichloroindophenol : A quinone imine that is indophenol substituted by chloro groups at positions 2 and 6.. N-3,5-dichloro-4-hydroxyphenyl-1,4-benzoquinone imine : 1,4-benzoquinone imine having a 3,5-dichloro-4-hydroxyphenyl substituent attached to the nitrogen atom.	2.72	3	0	dichlorobenzene; quinone imine
2'-deoxyadenosine 2'-deoxyformycin A: RN not in Chemline 9/85; RN and structure given in first source	1.98	1	0	purine 2'-deoxyribonucleoside; purines 2'-deoxy-D-ribonucleoside	Escherichia coli metabolite; human metabolite; mouse metabolite; Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite
estradiol valerate [no description available]	2.05	1	0	steroid ester
cytidine diphosphate choline Cytidine Diphosphate Choline: Donor of choline in biosynthesis of choline-containing phosphoglycerides.	3.84	11	0	nucleotide-(amino alcohol)s; phosphocholines	human metabolite; mouse metabolite; neuroprotective agent; psychotropic drug; Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite
rhodamine 6g rhodamine 6G: RN given refers to HCl	2.76	3	0
methylphosphonic acid methylphosphonic acid : A one-carbon compound that is phosphonic acid in which the hydrogen attached to the phosphorus is substituted by a methyl group.	2.11	1	0	one-carbon compound; phosphonic acids
dibenzothiophene 5-oxide dibenzothiophene 5-oxide: dibenzothiophene degradation product. dibenzothiophene 5-oxide : A member of the class of dibenzothiophenes that is the 5-oxo derivative of dibenzothiophene.	2.15	1	0	dibenzothiophenes	metabolite
ammonium bicarbonate ammonium bicarbonate: see also record for ammonium carbonate (di-NH4 salt)	7.68	3	0	organooxygen compound
trimethyltin chloride trimethyltin chloride: induces atrophy of thymus, spleen & lymph nodes but causes no change in bone marrow	2.6	1	0
allylglycine Allylglycine: An inhibitor of glutamate decarboxylase and an antagonist of GAMMA-AMINOBUTYRIC ACID. It is used to induce convulsions in experimental animals.	3.24	6	0
ethambutol Ethambutol: An antitubercular agent that inhibits the transfer of mycolic acids into the cell wall of the tubercle bacillus. It may also inhibit the synthesis of spermidine in mycobacteria. The action is usually bactericidal, and the drug can penetrate human cell membranes to exert its lethal effect. (From Smith and Reynard, Textbook of Pharmacology, 1992, p863). ethambutol : An ethylenediamine derivative that is ethane-1,2-diamine in which one hydrogen attached to each of the nitrogens is sutstituted by a 1-hydroxybutan-2-yl group (S,S-configuration). It is a bacteriostatic antimycobacterial drug, effective against Mycobacterium tuberculosis and some other mycobacteria. It is used (as the dihydrochloride salt) in combination with other antituberculous drugs in the treatment of pulmonary and extrapulmonary tuberculosis; resistant strains of M. tuberculosis are readily produced if ethambutol is used alone.	2	1	0	ethanolamines; ethylenediamine derivative	antitubercular agent; environmental contaminant; xenobiotic
phenylglyoxal [no description available]	4.48	7	0	phenylacetaldehydes
4-amino-3-phenylbutyric acid 4-amino-3-phenylbutyric acid: phenyl deriv of GABA; RN given refers to cpd without isomeric designation; structure	3.8	10	0	organonitrogen compound; organooxygen compound
nicotinamide mononucleotide Nicotinamide Mononucleotide: 3-Carbamoyl-1-beta-D-ribofuranosyl pyridinium hydroxide-5'phosphate, inner salt. A nucleotide in which the nitrogenous base, nicotinamide, is in beta-N-glycosidic linkage with the C-1 position of D-ribose. Synonyms: Nicotinamide Ribonucleotide; NMN.	2.1	1	0	nicotinamide mononucleotide	Escherichia coli metabolite; mouse metabolite
tetramethylpyrazine tetramethylpyrazine: found in Ligusticum chuanxiong. tetramethylpyrazine : A member of the class of pyrazines that is pyrazine in which all four hydrogens have been replaced by methyl groups. An alkaloid extracted from Chuanxiong (Ligusticum wallichii).	3.36	6	0	alkaloid; pyrazines	antineoplastic agent; apoptosis inhibitor; bacterial metabolite; neuroprotective agent; platelet aggregation inhibitor; vasodilator agent
phenazocine Phenazocine: An opioid analgesic with actions and uses similar to MORPHINE. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p1095)	3.79	11	0
durapatite Durapatite: The mineral component of bones and teeth; it has been used therapeutically as a prosthetic aid and in the prevention and treatment of osteoporosis.. hydroxylapatite : A phosphate mineral with the formula Ca5(PO4)3(OH).	4.65	26	0
cadmium sulfide [no description available]	2.46	2	0	cadmium molecular entity
sodium hydroxide Sodium Hydroxide: A highly caustic substance that is used to neutralize acids and make sodium salts. (From Merck Index, 11th ed)	2.37	2	0	alkali metal hydroxide
zinc oxide Zinc Oxide: A mild astringent and topical protectant with some antiseptic action. It is also used in bandages, pastes, ointments, dental cements, and as a sunblock.	3.26	5	0	zinc molecular entity
ferrous sulfide ferrous sulfide: RN given refers to cpd with MF of Fe-S; mackinawite & troilite both have MF Fe-S	2.08	1	0
cupric sulfide copper(II) sulfide : A copper sulfide in which the metal is in the +2 oxidation state.	2.17	1	0
arsenic trioxide Arsenic Trioxide: An inorganic compound with the chemical formula As2O3 that is used for the treatment of ACUTE PROMYELOCYTIC LEUKEMIA in patients who have relapsed from, or are resistant to, conventional drug therapy.	2.43	2	0
hydrofluoric acid Hydrofluoric Acid: Hydrofluoric acid. A solution of hydrogen fluoride in water. It is a colorless fuming liquid which can cause painful burns.. hydrogen fluoride : A diatomic molecule containing covalently bonded hydrogen and fluorine atoms.. organofluorine compound : An organofluorine compound is a compound containing at least one carbon-fluorine bond.	2	1	0	hydrogen halide; mononuclear parent hydride	NMR chemical shift reference compound
chondocurine chondocurine: inhibits quick death of mice treated with bacillus Calmetta Guerin & elicited with lipopolysaccharide; structure given in first source	2.01	1	0
vancomycin Vancomycin: Antibacterial obtained from Streptomyces orientalis. It is a glycopeptide related to RISTOCETIN that inhibits bacterial cell wall assembly and is toxic to kidneys and the inner ear.. vancomycin : A complex glycopeptide from Streptomyces orientalis. It inhibits a specific step in the synthesis of the peptidoglycan layer in the Gram-positive bacteria Staphylococcus aureus and Clostridium difficile.	2.43	2	0	glycopeptide	antibacterial drug; antimicrobial agent; bacterial metabolite
glycyrrhizic acid glycyrrhizinic acid : A triterpenoid saponin that is the glucosiduronide derivative of 3beta-hydroxy-11-oxoolean-12-en-30-oic acid.	2.75	3	0	enone; glucosiduronic acid; pentacyclic triterpenoid; tricarboxylic acid; triterpenoid saponin	EC 3.4.21.5 (thrombin) inhibitor; plant metabolite
d-alpha tocopherol Vitamin E: A generic descriptor for all TOCOPHEROLS and TOCOTRIENOLS that exhibit ALPHA-TOCOPHEROL activity. By virtue of the phenolic hydrogen on the 2H-1-benzopyran-6-ol nucleus, these compounds exhibit varying degree of antioxidant activity, depending on the site and number of methyl groups and the type of ISOPRENOIDS.. tocopherol : A collective name for a group of closely related lipids that contain a chroman-6-ol nucleus substituted at position 2 by a methyl group and by a saturated hydrocarbon chain consisting of three isoprenoid units. They are designated as alpha-, beta-, gamma-, and delta-tocopherol depending on the number and position of additional methyl substituents on the aromatic ring. Tocopherols occur in vegetable oils and vegetable oil products, almost exclusively with R,R,R configuration. Tocotrienols differ from tocopherols only in having three double bonds in the hydrocarbon chain.. vitamin E : Any member of a group of fat-soluble chromanols that exhibit biological activity against vitamin E deficiency. The vitamers in this class consists of a chroman-6-ol core which is substituted at position 2 by a methyl group and (also at position 2) either a saturated or a triply-unsaturated hydrocarbon chain consisting of three isoprenoid units. The major function of vitamin E is to act as a natural antioxidant by scavenging free radicals and molecular oxygen.. (R,R,R)-alpha-tocopherol : An alpha-tocopherol that has R,R,R configuration. The naturally occurring stereoisomer of alpha-tocopherol, it is found particularly in sunflower and olive oils.	11.92	62	2	alpha-tocopherol	algal metabolite; antiatherogenic agent; anticoagulant; antioxidant; antiviral agent; EC 2.7.11.13 (protein kinase C) inhibitor; immunomodulator; micronutrient; nutraceutical; plant metabolite
tocopherols [no description available]	4.18	6	0
lysergol lysergol: structure given in first source; RN given refers to (8beta)-isomer. lysergol : An alkaloid of the ergoline family that occurs as a minor constituent in some species of fungi and in the morning glory family of plants. Its structure is that of ergoline with a methyl group at N-6 and a beta-hydroxymethyl substituent at C-8.	1.99	1	0	ergoline alkaloid
pseudouridine [no description available]	2	1	0	pseudouridines	fundamental metabolite
selenomethionine [no description available]	2.94	4	0	selenoamino acid; selenomethionines	plant metabolite
bisphenol a-glycidyl methacrylate Bisphenol A-Glycidyl Methacrylate: The reaction product of bisphenol A and glycidyl methacrylate that undergoes polymerization when exposed to ultraviolet light or mixed with a catalyst. It is used as a bond implant material and as the resin component of dental sealants and composite restorative materials.	4.33	4	1	diarylmethane
2,4-dinitrothiocyanatobenzene 2,4-dinitro-1-thiocyanatobenzene : A thiocyanate compound having a 2,4-dinitrophenyl group attached to the sulfur atom.	1.99	1	0	C-nitro compound; thiocyanates	hapten; tolerogen
daminozide daminozide: induces tumors	2.21	1	0	straight-chain fatty acid
dodecyldimethylamine oxide dodecyldimethylamine oxide: zwitterionic detergent. dodecyldimethylamine N-oxide : A tertiary amine oxide resulting from the formal oxidation of the amino group of dodecyldimethylamine.	2.41	2	0	tertiary amine oxide	detergent; plant metabolite
diphenyldiselenide diphenyldiselenide: structure given in first source	4.24	17	0
digoxigenin Digoxigenin: 3 beta,12 beta,14-Trihydroxy-5 beta-card-20(22)-enolide. A cardenolide which is the aglycon of digoxin. Can be obtained by hydrolysis of digoxin or from Digitalis orientalis L. and Digitalis lanata Ehrh.. digoxigenin : A hydroxy steroid that consists of 5beta-cardanolide having a double bond at the 20(22)-position as well as hydroxy groups at the 3beta-, 12beta- and 14beta-positions. It has been isolated from the plant species of the genus Digitalis.	2.05	1	0	12beta-hydroxy steroid; 14beta-hydroxy steroid; 3beta-hydroxy steroid; 3beta-sterol	hapten; plant metabolite
bromoxynil bromoxynil: RN given refers to parent cpd; structure. 3,5-dibromo-4-hydroxybenzonitrile : A dibromobenzene that is 2,6-dibromophenol substituted by a cyano group at position 4.	2.05	1	0	dibromobenzene; hydroxynitrile; phenols	environmental contaminant; herbicide; xenobiotic
spectinomycin Spectinomycin: An antibiotic produced by Streptomyces spectabilis. It is active against gram-negative bacteria and used for the treatment of GONORRHEA.. spectinomycin dihydrochloride : A hydrochloride obtained by combining spectinomycin with two molar equivalents of hydrochloric acid. An antibiotic that is active against gram-negative bacteria and used (as its pentahydrate) to treat gonorrhea.. spectinomycin : A pyranobenzodioxin and antibiotic that is active against gram-negative bacteria and used (as its dihydrochloride pentahydrate) to treat gonorrhea. It is produced by the bacterium Streptomyces spectabilis.	1.98	1	0	cyclic acetal; cyclic hemiketal; cyclic ketone; pyranobenzodioxin; secondary alcohol; secondary amino compound	antibacterial drug; antimicrobial agent; bacterial metabolite
laudanosine laudanosine: opium alkaloid	1.98	1	0	isoquinolines
stearylamine stearylamine: RN given refers to parent cpd. octadecan-1-amine : An 18-carbon primary aliphatic amine.	2.04	1	0	primary aliphatic amine	film-forming compound
ethyldimethylaminopropyl carbodiimide Ethyldimethylaminopropyl Carbodiimide: Carbodiimide cross-linking reagent.	4.18	17	0
paraquat Paraquat: A poisonous dipyridilium compound used as contact herbicide. Contact with concentrated solutions causes irritation of the skin, cracking and shedding of the nails, and delayed healing of cuts and wounds.. paraquat : An organic cation that consists of 4,4'-bipyridine bearing two N-methyl substituents loctated at the 1- and 1'-positions.	4.48	22	0	organic cation	geroprotector; herbicide
2'-deoxyadenosine triphosphate 2'-deoxyadenosine triphosphate: RN given refers to unlabeled parent cpd	3.18	5	0	2'-deoxyadenosine 5'-phosphate; purine 2'-deoxyribonucleoside 5'-triphosphate	Escherichia coli metabolite; mouse metabolite
s,n,n'-tripropylthiocarbamate Reward: An object or a situation that can serve to reinforce a response, to satisfy a motive, or to afford pleasure.. vernolate : A monounsaturated fatty acid anion that is the conjugate base of vernolic acid, obtained by deprotonation of the carboxy group; major species at pH 7.3.	13.68	146	1	tertiary amine
tetrabutylammonium tetrabutylammonium: lipophilic probe; RN given refers to parent cpd	2.25	1	0	quaternary ammonium ion
2-tert-butylhydroquinone 2-tert-butylhydroquinone: an anticarcinogenic and chemopreventive agent. 2-tert-butylhydroquinone : A member of the class of hydroquinones in which one of the ring hydrogens of hydroquinone is replaced by a tert-butyl group.	3.29	6	0	hydroquinones	food antioxidant
5-hydroxyindole [no description available]	2.01	1	0	hydroxyindoles	human metabolite
beta-hydroxymyristic acid beta-hydroxymyristic acid: RN given refers to cpd without isomeric designation. 3-hydroxytetradecanoic acid : A 3-hydroxy fatty acid that is tetradecanoic (myristic) acid substituted at position 3 by a hydroxy group	2.02	1	0	3-hydroxy fatty acid; 3-hydroxy monocarboxylic acid; long-chain fatty acid	bacterial metabolite; human metabolite
dronabinol Dronabinol: A psychoactive compound extracted from the resin of Cannabis sativa (marihuana, hashish). The isomer delta-9-tetrahydrocannabinol (THC) is considered the most active form, producing characteristic mood and perceptual changes associated with this compound.. Delta(9)-tetrahydrocannabinol : A diterpenoid that is 6a,7,8,10a-tetrahydro-6H-benzo[c]chromene substituted at position 1 by a hydroxy group, positions 6, 6 and 9 by methyl groups and at position 3 by a pentyl group. The principal psychoactive constituent of the cannabis plant, it is used for treatment of anorexia associated with AIDS as well as nausea and vomiting associated with cancer chemotherapy.	8.95	54	1	benzochromene; diterpenoid; phytocannabinoid; polyketide	cannabinoid receptor agonist; epitope; hallucinogen; metabolite; non-narcotic analgesic
methionine sulfoximine methionine sulfoximine : A non-proteinogenic alpha-amino acid that is the sulfoximine derivative of methionine .	5.55	69	0	methionine derivative; non-proteinogenic alpha-amino acid; sulfoximide
amiloride Amiloride: A pyrazine compound inhibiting SODIUM reabsorption through SODIUM CHANNELS in renal EPITHELIAL CELLS. This inhibition creates a negative potential in the luminal membranes of principal cells, located in the distal convoluted tubule and collecting duct. Negative potential reduces secretion of potassium and hydrogen ions. Amiloride is used in conjunction with DIURETICS to spare POTASSIUM loss. (From Gilman et al., Goodman and Gilman's The Pharmacological Basis of Therapeutics, 9th ed, p705). amiloride : A member of the class of pyrazines resulting from the formal monoacylation of guanidine with the carboxy group of 3,5-diamino-6-chloropyrazine-2-carboxylic acid.	5.88	31	0	aromatic amine; guanidines; organochlorine compound; pyrazines	diuretic; sodium channel blocker
pimozide Pimozide: A diphenylbutylpiperidine that is effective as an antipsychotic agent and as an alternative to HALOPERIDOL for the suppression of vocal and motor tics in patients with Tourette syndrome. Although the precise mechanism of action is unknown, blockade of postsynaptic dopamine receptors has been postulated. (From AMA Drug Evaluations Annual, 1994, p403). pimozide : A member of the class of benzimidazoles that is 1,3-dihydro-2H-benzimidazol-2-one in which one of the nitrogens is substituted by a piperidin-4-yl group, which in turn is substituted on the nitrogen by a 4,4-bis(p-fluorophenyl)butyl group.	2.44	2	0	benzimidazoles; heteroarylpiperidine; organofluorine compound	antidyskinesia agent; dopaminergic antagonist; first generation antipsychotic; H1-receptor antagonist; serotonergic antagonist
azetidyl-2-carboxylic acid azetidyl-2-carboxylic acid: a proline analog (with 4-membered ring in place of 5); a toxic non-protein amino acid that is misincorporated into protein in place of proline; induces nonfunctional heat-shock proteins; inhibits acquired thermotolerance; RN given refers to (L)-isomer; found in beets and Liliaceae. (S)-azetidine-2-carboxylic acid : The (S)-enantiomer of azetidine-2-carboxylic acid.. azetidinecarboxylic acid : A member of the class of azetidines that is azetidine substituted by at least one carboxy group at unspecified position.	2.68	3	0	azetidine-2-carboxylic acid
basic blue k Basic Blue K: RN given refers to chloride. victoria blue R : An iminium salt composed of 4-{[4-(dimethylamino)phenyl][4-(ethylamino)naphthalen-1-yl]methylidene}-N,N-dimethylcyclohexa-2,5-dien-1-iminium and chloride ions in a 1:1 ratio.	2	1	0	iminium salt; organic chloride salt	fluorochrome; histological dye
molinate molinate : A member of the class of azepanes that is azepane in which the nitrogen is substituted by an (ethylsulfanyl)carbonyl group, -C(=O)SEt. A thiocarbamate herbicide not approved for use in the U.S. or European Union, it is used control grass weeds in rice paddies.	2.08	1	0	azepanes; monothiocarbamic ester	agrochemical; antispermatogenic agent; herbicide
(nitrilotris(methylene))triphosphonic acid (nitrilotris(methylene))triphosphonic acid: RN given refers to parent cpd; an antiscalant	2.17	1	0	phosphonoacetic acid
fluorescein Fluorescein: A phthalic indicator dye that appears yellow-green in normal tear film and bright green in a more alkaline medium such as the aqueous humor.. fluorescein (lactone form) : A xanthene dye that is highly fluorescent, detectable even when present in minute quantities. Used forensically to detect traces of blood, in analytical chemistry as an indicator in silver nitrate titrations and in microscopy.	4.22	17	0	2-benzofurans; gamma-lactone; organic heteropentacyclic compound; oxaspiro compound; polyphenol; xanthene dye	fluorescent dye; radioopaque medium
methylprednisolone hemisuccinate Methylprednisolone Hemisuccinate: A water-soluble ester of METHYLPREDNISOLONE used for cardiac, allergic, and hypoxic emergencies.	1.98	1	0	corticosteroid hormone; hemisuccinate
nile blue Nile Blue: RN given refers to chloride; structure. nile blue A : An organic chloride salt having 5-amino-9-(diethylamino)benzo[a]phenoxazin-7-ium as the couterion. fluorescent dye which is also a potent photosensitiser for photodynamic therapy.	1.99	1	0
thioflavin t thioflavin T: RN given refers to chloride; structure. thioflavine T : An organic chloride salt having 2-[4-(dimethylamino)phenyl]-3,6-dimethyl-1,3-benzothiazol-3-ium as the counterion. It is widely used to visualise and quantify the presence of amyloids, both in vitro and in vivo.	2.43	2	0	organic chloride salt	fluorochrome; geroprotector; histological dye
ethyl violet ethyl violet: RN given refers to parent cpd. ethyl violet : An organic chloride salt that is the monochloride salt of ethyl violet cation. Used for inclusion in mixed dye solutions of the iron resorcin fuchsin type for demonstrating elastic fibres.	2	1	0	organic chloride salt	fluorochrome; histological dye
flupenthixol Flupenthixol: A thioxanthene neuroleptic that, unlike CHLORPROMAZINE, is claimed to have CNS-activating properties. It is used in the treatment of psychoses although not in excited or manic patients. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p595). flupenthixol : A thioxanthene derivative having a trifluoromethyl substituent at the 2-position and a 3-(4-(2-hydroxyethyl)piperazin-1-yl)propylidene group at the 10-position with undefined double bond stereochemistry.	2.74	3	0	thioxanthenes
fucose Fucose: A six-member ring deoxysugar with the chemical formula C6H12O5. It lacks a hydroxyl group on the carbon at position 6 of the molecule.. L-fucopyranose : The pyranose form of L-fucose.. fucose : Any deoxygalactose that is deoxygenated at the 6-position.	3.14	5	0	fucopyranose; L-fucose	Escherichia coli metabolite; mouse metabolite
sulfadoxine Sulfadoxine: A long acting sulfonamide that is used, usually in combination with other drugs, for respiratory, urinary tract, and malarial infections.. sulfadoxine : A sulfonamide consisting of pyrimidine having methoxy substituents at the 5- and 6-positions and a 4-aminobenzenesulfonamido group at the 4-position. In combination with the antiprotozoal pyrimethamine (CHEBI:8673) it is used as an antimalarial.	2.05	1	0	pyrimidines; sulfonamide	antibacterial drug; antimalarial
n-acetylimidazole [no description available]	1.99	1	0	N-acylimidazole
cme-carbodiimide [no description available]	1.97	1	0
butyrylcholine butyrylcholine: RN given refers to parent cpd	3.49	2	0	acylcholine
tetrapentylammonium tetrapentylammonium: RN given refers to parent cpd	2.39	2	0	quaternary ammonium ion
sulfur hexafluoride Sulfur Hexafluoride: Sulfur hexafluoride. An inert gas used mainly as a test gas in respiratory physiology. Other uses include its injection in vitreoretinal surgery to restore the vitreous chamber and as a tracer in monitoring the dispersion and deposition of air pollutants.. sulfur hexafluoride : A sulfur coordination entity consisting of six fluorine atoms attached to a central sulfur atom. It is the most potent greenhouse gas currently known, with a global warming potential of 23,900 times that of CO2 over a 100 year period (SF6 has an estimated lifetime in the atmosphere of between 800 and 3,000 years).	2.42	2	0	sulfur coordination entity	greenhouse gas; NMR chemical shift reference compound; ultrasound contrast agent
victoria blue b victoria blue: no other info available 7/84. victoria blue B : An iminium salt composed of 4-{(4-anilinonaphthalen-1-yl)[4-(dimethylamino)phenyl]methylidene}-N,N-dimethylcyclohexa-2,5-dien-1-iminium and chloride ions in a 1:1 ratio. It binds to nucleic acids and can be used in standardised staining techniques suitable for automated cell-pattern recognition.	2	1	0	iminium salt; organic chloride salt	fluorochrome; histological dye
c.i. direct blue 1 [no description available]	4.33	4	1
uridine diphosphate glucuronic acid Uridine Diphosphate Glucuronic Acid: A nucleoside diphosphate sugar which serves as a source of glucuronic acid for polysaccharide biosynthesis. It may also be epimerized to UDP iduronic acid, which donates iduronic acid to polysaccharides. In animals, UDP glucuronic acid is used for formation of many glucosiduronides with various aglycones.. UDP-alpha-D-glucuronic acid : A UDP-sugar having alpha-D-glucuronic acid as the sugar component.	2.42	2	0	UDP-D-glucuronic acid	Escherichia coli metabolite; human metabolite; mouse metabolite
acadesine [no description available]	2.92	4	0	1-ribosylimidazolecarboxamide; aminoimidazole; nucleoside analogue	antineoplastic agent; platelet aggregation inhibitor
disperse red 1 Disperse Red 1 : An azo dye with a structure consisting of nitrobenzene substituted on the 4-position of the phenyl group with a 4-[N-ethyl-N-(2-hydroxyethyl)]phenylazo group.	2.07	1	0
squaric acid [no description available]	1.98	1	0	alicyclic ketone; carbon oxoacid	metabolite
thymine glycol thymine glycol: forms photodimers (thymine dimers) under UV; RN given refers to cpd without isomeric designation	2.01	1	0	hydroxypyrimidine
stavudine Stavudine: A dideoxynucleoside analog that inhibits reverse transcriptase and has in vitro activity against HIV.. stavudine : A nucleoside analogue obtained by formal dehydration across positions 2 and 3 of thymidine. An inhibitor of HIV-1 reverse transcriptase	2.05	1	0	dihydrofuran; nucleoside analogue; organic molecular entity	antimetabolite; antiviral agent; EC 2.7.7.49 (RNA-directed DNA polymerase) inhibitor
trichloroepoxypropane Trichloroepoxypropane: A potent epoxide hydrase and aryl hydrocarbon hydroxylase inhibitor. It enhances the tumor-initiating ability of certain carcinogens.	2.01	1	0
doxifluridine doxifluridine : A pyrimidine 5'-deoxyribonucleoside that is 5-fluorouridine in which the hydroxy group at the 5' position is replaced by a hydrogen. It is an oral prodrug of the antineoplastic agent 5-fluorouracil. Designed to circumvent the rapid degradation of 5-fluorouracil by dihydropyrimidine dehydrogenase in the gut wall, it is converted into 5-fluorouracil in the presence of pyrimidine nucleoside phosphorylase.	2.05	1	0	organofluorine compound; pyrimidine 5'-deoxyribonucleoside	antimetabolite; antineoplastic agent; prodrug
tetrahydropapaveroline Tetrahydropapaveroline: A leukomaine (animal alkaloid) formed in brain and liver from dopamine and L-dopa; it may be implicated in psychiatric problems.	2.37	2	0	benzylisoquinoline alkaloid; benzyltetrahydroisoquinoline; isoquinolinol	human metabolite
ornithylaspartate ornithylaspartate: used therapeutically in hepatic coma	6.44	7	0
didodecyldimethylammonium didodecyldimethylammonium: RN given refers to parent cpd	2.03	1	0
2,2-bis(bromomethyl)-1,3-propanediol 2,2-bis(bromomethyl)-1,3-propanediol: structure given in first source	1.99	1	0	primary alcohol
fluorescein-5-isothiocyanate Fluorescein-5-isothiocyanate: Fluorescent probe capable of being conjugated to tissue and proteins. It is used as a label in fluorescent antibody staining procedures as well as protein- and amino acid-binding techniques.. fluorescein 5-isothiocyanate : The 5-isomer of fluorescein isothiocyanate. Acts as a fluorescent probe capable of being conjugated to tissue and proteins; used as a label in fluorescent antibody staining procedures as well as protein- and amino acid-binding techniques.	4.23	17	0	fluorescein isothiocyanate
benzolamide Benzolamide: Selective renal carbonic anhydrase inhibitor. It may also be of use in certain cases of respiratory failure.	2.68	3	0
sabinene sabinene: RN given refers to cpd without isomeric designation. sabinene : A thujene that is a bicyclic monoterpene isolated from the essential oils of various plant species.	2.78	3	0	thujene	plant metabolite
2,3-diketogulonic acid 2,3-Diketogulonic Acid: Metabolite of ASCORBIC ACID and the oxidized form of the lactone DEHYDROASCORBIC ACID.. 2,3-diketogulonic acid : A carbohydrate acid formally derived from gulonic acid by oxidation of the -OH groups at positions 2 and 3 to keto groups.	2.02	1	0
mannose mannopyranose : The pyranose form of mannose.	8.54	8	0	D-aldohexose; D-mannose; mannopyranose	metabolite
dithiothreitol 1,4-dimercaptobutane-2,3-diol : A glycol that is butane-2,3-diol in which a hydrogen from each of the methyl groups is replaced by a thiol group.. 1,4-dithiothreitol : The threo-diastereomer of 1,4-dimercaptobutane-2,3-diol.	6.18	43	0	1,4-dimercaptobutane-2,3-diol; butanediols; dithiol; glycol; thiol	chelator; human metabolite; reducing agent
iproclozide iproclozide: structure	2.05	1	0	aromatic ether
9-amino-6-chloro-2-methoxyacridine [no description available]	2.03	1	0
cyclazocine Cyclazocine: An analgesic with mixed narcotic agonist-antagonist properties.	2.39	2	0
ecdysone [no description available]	2.4	2	0	14alpha-hydroxy steroid; 22-hydroxy steroid; 25-hydroxy steroid; 2beta-hydroxy steroid; 3beta-sterol; 6-oxo steroid; ecdysteroid	prohormone
cyclic cmp Cyclic CMP: A cyclic nucleotide formed from CYTIDINE TRIPHOSPHATE by the action of cytidylate cyclase. It is a potential cyclic nucleotide intracellular mediator of signal transductions.. 3',5'-cyclic CMP : A 3',5'-cyclic pyrimidine nucleotide having cytosine as the nucleobase.	2.72	3	0	3',5'-cyclic pyrimidine nucleotide	human metabolite
tranylcypromine Tranylcypromine: A propylamine formed from the cyclization of the side chain of amphetamine. This monoamine oxidase inhibitor is effective in the treatment of major depression, dysthymic disorder, and atypical depression. It also is useful in panic and phobic disorders. (From AMA Drug Evaluations Annual, 1994, p311). tranylcypromine : A racemate comprising equal amounts of (1R,2S)- and (1S,2R)-2-phenylcyclopropan-1-amine. An irreversible monoamine oxidase inhibitor that is used as an antidepressant (INN tranylcypromine).. (1R,2S)-tranylcypromine : A 2-phenylcyclopropan-1-amine that is the (1R,2S)-enantiomer of tranylcypromine.	2.44	2	0	2-phenylcyclopropan-1-amine
streptomycin [no description available]	3.34	7	0	antibiotic antifungal drug; antibiotic fungicide; streptomycins	antibacterial drug; antifungal agrochemical; antimicrobial agent; antimicrobial drug; bacterial metabolite; protein synthesis inhibitor
chloric acid [no description available]	2.43	2	0	chlorine oxoacid
carbonates Carbonates: Salts or ions of the theoretical carbonic acid, containing the radical CO2(3-). Carbonates are readily decomposed by acids. The carbonates of the alkali metals are water-soluble; all others are insoluble. (From Grant & Hackh's Chemical Dictionary, 5th ed). carbonates : Organooxygen compounds that are salts or esters of carbonic acid, H2CO3.	3.43	7	0	carbon oxoanion
Brilliant Blue brilliant blue: coal tar derivative food dye; used as the di-NH4 or di-Na salts; RN given refers to parent cpd	2.96	4	0	organic molecular entity
l 451167 L 451167: structure given in first source	2.42	2	0
dideoxyadenosine Dideoxyadenosine: A dideoxynucleoside compound in which the 3'-hydroxy group on the sugar moiety has been replaced by a hydrogen. This modification prevents the formation of phosphodiester linkages which are needed for the completion of nucleic acid chains. The compound is an inhibitor of HIV replication, acting as a chain-terminator of viral DNA by binding to reverse transcriptase. Its principal side effect is nephrotoxicity. In vivo, dideoxyadenosine is rapidly metabolized to DIDANOSINE (ddI) by enzymatic deamination; ddI is then converted to dideoxyinosine monophosphate and ultimately to dideoxyadenosine triphosphate, the putative active metabolite.	2.17	1	0	adenosines; purine 2',3'-dideoxyribonucleoside	EC 3.5.4.4 (adenosine deaminase) inhibitor; EC 4.6.1.1 (adenylate cyclase) inhibitor
valnoctamide [no description available]	2	1	0	fatty amide
cladribine [no description available]	2.77	3	0	organochlorine compound; purine 2'-deoxyribonucleoside	antineoplastic agent; immunosuppressive agent
methamilane methiodide methamilane methiodide: muscarinic agonist; RN given refers to iodide without isomeric designation	1.98	1	0
fructosamine Fructosamine: An amino sugar formed when glucose non-enzymatically reacts with the N-terminal amino group of proteins. The fructose moiety is derived from glucose by the classical Amadori rearrangement.	2.42	2	0
1,2-dehydrosalsolinol 1,2-dehydrosalsolinol: structure given in first source	2.11	1	0	isoquinolines
st 91 ST 91: RN given refers to parent cpd; structure	1.99	1	0	substituted aniline
carbenicillin disodium [no description available]	2.05	1	0	organic sodium salt
dehydroemetine dehydroemetine: was MH 1991-94 (see under EMETINE 1976-90); use EMETINE to search DEHYDROEMETINE 1976-94; amebicide, derivative of emetine. dehydroemetine : A pyridoisoquinoline which was developed in response to the cardiovascular toxicity associated with emetine and results from the dehydrogenation of the heterotricylic ring of emetine. It is an antiprotozoal agent and displays antimalarial, antiamoebic, and antileishmanial properties.	2.05	1	0	aromatic ether; isoquinolines; pyridoisoquinoline	antileishmanial agent; antimalarial; antiprotozoal drug
benorilate benorilate: was heading 1980-94 (see under SALICYLATES 1980-90); was BENORYLATE see under SALICYLATES 1975-79; BENORYLATE was see BENORILATE 1980-94; use SALICYLATES to search BENORILATE 1980-90 & BENORYLATE 1975-79; an ester of aspirin and paracetamol with analgesic, antipyretic, and anti-inflammatory activity used in the treatment of rheumatoid diseases; it has less severe side effects than aspirin	2.05	1	0	carbonyl compound
trimetazidine Trimetazidine: A vasodilator used in angina of effort or ischemic heart disease.	4.31	4	1	aromatic amine
buthionine sulfoximine Buthionine Sulfoximine: A synthetic amino acid that depletes glutathione by irreversibly inhibiting gamma-glutamylcysteine synthetase. Inhibition of this enzyme is a critical step in glutathione biosynthesis. It has been shown to inhibit the proliferative response in human T-lymphocytes and inhibit macrophage activation. (J Biol Chem 1995;270(33):1945-7). 2-amino-4-(S-butylsulfonimidoyl)butanoic acid : A non-proteinogenic alpha-amino acid that is homocysteine in which the thiol group carries an oxo, imino and butyl groups.. S-butyl-DL-homocysteine (S,R)-sulfoximine : A sulfoximide that is the sulfoximine derivative of an analogue of DL-methionine in which the S-methyl group is replaced by S-butyl.	6.02	43	0	diastereoisomeric mixture; homocysteines; non-proteinogenic alpha-amino acid; sulfoximide	EC 6.3.2.2 (glutamate--cysteine ligase) inhibitor; ferroptosis inducer
norleucine Norleucine: An unnatural amino acid that is used experimentally to study protein structure and function. It is structurally similar to METHIONINE, however it does not contain SULFUR.. L-norleucine : A non-proteinogenic L-alpha-amino acid comprising hexanoic acid carrying an amino group at C-2. It does not occur naturally.	3.68	10	0	2-aminohexanoic acid; L-alpha-amino acid zwitterion; non-proteinogenic L-alpha-amino acid
carboxin Carboxin: A systemic agricultural fungicide and seed treatment agent.. carboxin : An anilide obtained by formal condensation of the amino group of aniline with the carboxy group of 2-methyl-5,6-dihydro-1,4-oxathiine-3-carboxylic acid. A fungicide for control of bunts and smuts that is normally used as a seed treatment.	2.01	1	0	anilide fungicide; anilide; enamide; organosulfur heterocyclic compound; oxacycle; secondary carboxamide	antifungal agrochemical; EC 1.3.5.1 [succinate dehydrogenase (quinone)] inhibitor
floxacillin Floxacillin: Antibiotic analog of CLOXACILLIN.. flucloxacillin : A penicillin compound having a 6beta-[3-(2-chloro-6-fluorophenyl)-5-methyl-1,2-oxazole-4-carboxamido] side-chain.	2.05	1	0	penicillin allergen; penicillin	antibacterial drug
4-aminobenzhydrazide 4-aminobenzhydrazide: a Russian synthetic drug of acylhydrazide group; decreased uterus wt in rats; RN given refers to cpd with specified locants for amino group	2.11	1	0
dihydrostreptomycin sulfate Dihydrostreptomycin Sulfate: A semi-synthetic aminoglycoside antibiotic that is used in the treatment of TUBERCULOSIS.	2.13	1	0
vidarabine adenine arabinoside : A purine nucleoside in which adenine is attached to arabinofuranose via a beta-N(9)-glycosidic bond.	2.05	1	0	beta-D-arabinoside; purine nucleoside	antineoplastic agent; bacterial metabolite; nucleoside antibiotic
diadenosine tetraphosphate P(1),P(4)-bis(5'-adenosyl) tetraphosphate : A diadenosyl tetraphosphate compound having the two 5'-adenosyl residues attached at the P(1)- and P(4)-positions.	2.39	2	0	diadenosyl tetraphosphate	Escherichia coli metabolite; mouse metabolite
iprindole Iprindole: A tricyclic antidepressant that has actions and uses similar to those of AMITRIPTYLINE, but has only weak antimuscarinic and sedative effects. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p257)	1.98	1	0	indoles
o,o-diethyl o-3,5,6-trichloro-2-pyridyl phosphate [no description available]	2.69	2	0
iodinated glycerol iodinated glycerol: secretolytic agent; RN given refers to cpd without iodine locant	2.76	3	0	dioxolane
limonene Limonene: A naturally-occurring class of MONOTERPENES which occur as a clear colorless liquid at room temperature. Limonene is the major component in the oil of oranges which has many uses, including as flavor and fragrance. It is recognized as safe in food by the Food and Drug Administration (FDA).. limonene : A monoterpene that is cyclohex-1-ene substituted by a methyl group at position 1 and a prop-1-en-2-yl group at position 4 respectively.	2.05	1	0	cycloalkene; p-menthadiene	human metabolite
n-methylaspartate N-Methylaspartate: An amino acid that, as the D-isomer, is the defining agonist for the NMDA receptor subtype of glutamate receptors (RECEPTORS, NMDA).. N-methyl-D-aspartic acid : An aspartic acid derivative having an N-methyl substituent and D-configuration.	19.4	1,742	4	amino dicarboxylic acid; D-alpha-amino acid; D-aspartic acid derivative; secondary amino compound	neurotransmitter agent
ammonium nitrate ammonium nitrate: structure. ammonium nitrate : The ammonium salt of nitric acid.	2.04	1	0	ammonium salt; inorganic molecular entity; inorganic nitrate salt	explosive; fertilizer; oxidising agent
enbucrilate Enbucrilate: A tissue adhesive that is applied as a monomer to moist tissue and polymerizes to form a bond. It is slowly biodegradable and used in all kinds of surgery, including dental.	2.05	1	0	alpha,beta-unsaturated monocarboxylic acid; nitrile
helenalin helenalin: toxic principle of Helenium microcephalum (smallhead sneezeweed); structure. helenalin : A sesquiterpene lactone that is 3,3a,4,4a,7a,8,9,9a-octahydroazuleno[6,5-b]furan-2,5-dione substituted by a hydroxy group at position 4, methyl groups at positions 4a and 8 and a methylidene group at position 3 (the 3aS,4S,4aR,7aR,8R,9aR stereoisomer).. NF-kappaB inhibitor : An inhibitor of NF-kappaB (nuclear factor kappa-light-chain-enhancer of activated B cells), a protein complex involved in the transcription of DNA.	2.08	1	0	cyclic ketone; gamma-lactone; organic heterotricyclic compound; secondary alcohol; sesquiterpene lactone	anti-inflammatory agent; antineoplastic agent; metabolite; plant metabolite
bipiperidyl mustard bipiperidyl mustard: RN given refers to parent cpd; structure	3.06	1	0
d-glutamate [no description available]	3.49	8	0	D-alpha-amino acid; glutamic acid	Escherichia coli metabolite; mouse metabolite
tiadenol tiadenol: structure	2.05	1	0	aliphatic sulfide
levodopa methyl ester levodopa methyl ester: RN given refers to parent cpd(L)-isomer	1.99	1	0	tyrosine derivative
trimethaphan Trimethaphan: A nicotinic antagonist that has been used as a ganglionic blocker in hypertension, as an adjunct to anesthesia, and to induce hypotension during surgery.. trimethaphan : A complex heterocyclic sulfonium compound with an imidazolium core, used to treat hypertension.	1.96	1	0	sulfonium compound	anaesthesia adjuvant; antihypertensive agent; nicotinic antagonist; vasodilator agent
dimethylpropiothetin dimethylpropiothetin: has antineoplastic activity; RN given refers to hydroxide inner salt. S,S-dimethyl-beta-propiothetin : A sulfonium betaine obtained by deprotonation of the carboxy group of 3-dimethylsulfoniopropionic acid.	2.02	1	0	sulfonium betaine	marine metabolite; osmolyte
hepes [no description available]	3.96	13	0	HEPES; organosulfonic acid
iridium Iridium: A metallic element with the atomic symbol Ir, atomic number 77, and atomic weight 192.22.	2.08	1	0	cobalt group element atom; platinum group metal atom
lanthanum [no description available]	4.74	30	0	f-block element atom; lanthanoid atom; scandium group element atom
lutetium Lutetium: An element of the rare earth family of metals. It has the atomic symbol Lu, atomic number 71, and atomic weight 175.	3.59	1	1	d-block element atom; lanthanoid atom
manganese Manganese: A trace element with atomic symbol Mn, atomic number 25, and atomic weight 54.94. It is concentrated in cell mitochondria, mostly in the pituitary gland, liver, pancreas, kidney, and bone, influences the synthesis of mucopolysaccharides, stimulates hepatic synthesis of cholesterol and fatty acids, and is a cofactor in many enzymes, including arginase and alkaline phosphatase in the liver. (From AMA Drug Evaluations Annual 1992, p2035). manganese(4+) : A manganese cation that is monoatomic and has a formal charge of +4.	13.66	102	0	elemental manganese; manganese group element atom	Escherichia coli metabolite; micronutrient
mercury Mercury: A silver metallic element that exists as a liquid at room temperature. It has the atomic symbol Hg (from hydrargyrum, liquid silver), atomic number 80, and atomic weight 200.59. Mercury is used in many industrial applications and its salts have been employed therapeutically as purgatives, antisyphilitics, disinfectants, and astringents. It can be absorbed through the skin and mucous membranes which leads to MERCURY POISONING. Because of its toxicity, the clinical use of mercury and mercurials is diminishing.. mercury(0) : Elemental mercury of oxidation state zero.	6.39	22	0	elemental mercury; zinc group element atom	neurotoxin
molybdenum Molybdenum: A metallic element with the atomic symbol Mo, atomic number 42, and atomic weight 95.95. It is an essential trace element, being a component of the enzymes xanthine oxidase, aldehyde oxidase, and nitrate reductase.	3.26	6	0	chromium group element atom	micronutrient
neodymium Neodymium: An element of the rare earth family of metals. It has the atomic symbol Nd, atomic number 60, and atomic weight 144.24, and is used in industrial applications.	2.25	1	0	f-block element atom; lanthanoid atom
osmium Osmium: A very hard, gray, toxic, and nearly infusible metal element, atomic number 76, atomic weight 190.2, symbol Os.	2.68	3	0	iron group element atom; platinum group metal atom
palladium Palladium: A chemical element having an atomic weight of 106.4, atomic number of 46, and the symbol Pd. It is a white, ductile metal resembling platinum, and following it in abundance and importance of applications. It is used in dentistry in the form of gold, silver, and copper alloys.. palladium : Chemical element (nickel group element atom) with atomic number 46.	3.45	7	0	metal allergen; nickel group element atom; platinum group metal atom
platinum Platinum: A heavy, soft, whitish metal, resembling tin, with atomic number 78, atomic weight 195.084, symbol Pt. It is used in manufacturing equipment for laboratory and industrial use. It occurs as a black powder (platinum black) and as a spongy substance (spongy platinum) and may have been known in Pliny's time as alutiae.	9.66	25	0	elemental platinum; nickel group element atom; platinum group metal atom
praseodymium Praseodymium: An element of the rare earth family of metals. It has the atomic symbol Pr, atomic number 59, and atomic weight 140.91.	1.97	1	0	f-block element atom; lanthanoid atom
rhenium Rhenium: A metal, atomic number 75, atomic weight 186.207, symbol Re.	2.31	1	0	manganese group element atom
rhodium Rhodium: A hard and rare metal of the platinum group, atomic number 45, atomic weight 102.905, symbol Rh.. rhodium atom : A cobalt group element atom of atomic number 45.	2.04	1	0	cobalt group element atom
ruthenium Ruthenium: A hard, brittle, grayish-white rare earth metal with an atomic symbol Ru, atomic number 44, and atomic weight 101.07. It is used as a catalyst and hardener for PLATINUM and PALLADIUM.	7.96	4	0	iron group element atom; platinum group metal atom
silver Silver: An element with the atomic symbol Ag, atomic number 47, and atomic weight 107.87. It is a soft metal that is used medically in surgical instruments, dental prostheses, and alloys. Long-continued use of silver salts can lead to a form of poisoning known as ARGYRIA.	5.54	20	0	copper group element atom; elemental silver	Escherichia coli metabolite
technetium Technetium: The first artificially produced element and a radioactive fission product of URANIUM. Technetium has the atomic symbol Tc, and atomic number 43. All technetium isotopes are radioactive. Technetium 99m (m=metastable) which is the decay product of Molybdenum 99, has a half-life of about 6 hours and is used diagnostically as a radioactive imaging agent. Technetium 99 which is a decay product of technetium 99m, has a half-life of 210,000 years.	10.33	9	0	manganese group element atom
terbium Terbium: An element of the rare earth family of metals. It has the atomic symbol Tb, atomic number 65, and atomic weight 158.92.	3.27	6	0	f-block element atom; lanthanoid atom
titanium Titanium: A dark-gray, metallic element of widespread distribution but occurring in small amounts with atomic number, 22, atomic weight, 47.867 and symbol, Ti; specific gravity, 4.5; used for fixation of fractures.	4.74	28	0	titanium group element atom
cadmium Cadmium: An element with atomic symbol Cd, atomic number 48, and atomic weight 112.41. It is a metal and ingestion will lead to CADMIUM POISONING.. elemental cadmium : An element in the zinc group of the periodic table with atomic number 48, atomic mass 112, M.P. 321degreeC, and B.P. 765degreeC). An odourless, tasteless, and highly poisonous soft, ductile, lustrous metal with electropositive properties. It has eight stable isotopes: (106)Cd, (108)Cd,(110)Cd, (111)Cd, (112)Cd, (113)Cd, (114)Cd and (116)Cd, with (112)Cd and (114)Cd being the most common.	6.98	95	0	cadmium molecular entity; zinc group element atom
cerium Cerium: An element of the rare earth family of metals. It has the atomic symbol Ce, atomic number 58, and atomic weight 140.12. Cerium is a malleable metal used in industrial applications.	2.21	1	0	f-block element atom; lanthanoid atom
chromium Chromium: A trace element that plays a role in glucose metabolism. It has the atomic symbol Cr, atomic number 24, and atomic weight 52. According to the Fourth Annual Report on Carcinogens (NTP85-002,1985), chromium and some of its compounds have been listed as known carcinogens.. chromium ion : An chromium atom having a net electric charge.. chromium atom : A chromium group element atom that has atomic number 24.	2.94	4	0	chromium group element atom; metal allergen	micronutrient
europium Europium: An element of the rare earth family of metals. It has the atomic symbol Eu, atomic number 63, and atomic weight 152. Europium is used in the form of its salts as coatings for cathode ray tubes and in the form of its organic derivatives as shift reagents in NMR spectroscopy.	3.45	7	0	f-block element atom; lanthanoid atom
gadolinium Gadolinium: An element of the rare earth family of metals. It has the atomic symbol Gd, atomic number 64, and atomic weight 157.25. Its oxide is used in the control rods of some nuclear reactors.	5.77	27	0	f-block element atom; lanthanoid atom
gold Gold: A yellow metallic element with the atomic symbol Au, atomic number 79, and atomic weight 197. It is used in jewelry, goldplating of other metals, as currency, and in dental restoration. Many of its clinical applications, such as ANTIRHEUMATIC AGENTS, are in the form of its salts.	4.98	36	0	copper group element atom; elemental gold
helium Helium: A noble gas with the atomic symbol He, atomic number 2, and atomic weight 4.003. It is a colorless, odorless, tasteless gas that is not combustible and does not support combustion. It was first detected in the sun and is now obtained from natural gas. Medically it is used as a diluent for other gases, being especially useful with oxygen in the treatment of certain cases of respiratory obstruction, and as a vehicle for general anesthetics.	2.71	3	0	monoatomic helium; noble gas atom; s-block element atom	food packaging gas
vanadium Vanadium: A metallic element with the atomic symbol V, atomic number 23, and atomic weight 50.94. It is used in the manufacture of vanadium steel. Prolonged exposure can lead to chronic intoxication caused by absorption usually via the lungs.	2.39	2	0	elemental vanadium; vanadium group element atom	micronutrient
xenon Xenon: A noble gas with the atomic symbol Xe, atomic number 54, and atomic weight 131.30. It is found in the earth's atmosphere and has been used as an anesthetic.	3.73	10	0	monoatomic xenon; noble gas atom; p-block element atom
yttrium Yttrium: An element of the rare earth family of metals. It has the atomic symbol Y, atomic number 39, and atomic weight 88.91. In conjunction with other rare earths, yttrium is used as a phosphor in television receivers and is a component of the yttrium-aluminum garnet (YAG) lasers.	2.47	2	0	d-block element atom; rare earth metal atom; scandium group element atom
zirconium Zirconium: A rather rare metallic element with atomic number 40, atomic weight 91.224, and symbol Zr.	2.73	3	0	titanium group element atom
aluminum chloride Aluminum Chloride: A compound with the chemical formula AlCl3; the anhydrous salt is used as a catalyst in organic chemical synthesis, and hydrated salts are used topically as antiperspirants, and for the management of HYPERHYDROSIS.	3.79	11	0	aluminium coordination entity	Lewis acid
cupric chloride cupric chloride: RN given refers to unlabeled parent cpd. copper(II) chloride : An inorganic chloride of copper in which the metal is in the +2 oxidation state.	2.95	4	0	copper molecular entity; inorganic chloride	EC 5.3.3.5 (cholestenol Delta-isomerase) inhibitor
zalcitabine Zalcitabine: A dideoxynucleoside compound in which the 3'-hydroxy group on the sugar moiety has been replaced by a hydrogen. This modification prevents the formation of phosphodiester linkages which are needed for the completion of nucleic acid chains. The compound is a potent inhibitor of HIV replication at low concentrations, acting as a chain-terminator of viral DNA by binding to reverse transcriptase. Its principal toxic side effect is axonal degeneration resulting in peripheral neuropathy.. zalcitabine : A pyrimidine 2',3'-dideoxyribonucleoside compound having cytosine as the nucleobase.	2.48	2	0	pyrimidine 2',3'-dideoxyribonucleoside	antimetabolite; antiviral drug; HIV-1 reverse transcriptase inhibitor
magnesium sulfate Magnesium Sulfate: A small colorless crystal used as an anticonvulsant, a cathartic, and an electrolyte replenisher in the treatment of pre-eclampsia and eclampsia. It causes direct inhibition of action potentials in myometrial muscle cells. Excitation and contraction are uncoupled, which decreases the frequency and force of contractions. (From AMA Drug Evaluations Annual, 1992, p1083). magnesium sulfate : A magnesium salt having sulfate as the counterion.	12.15	15	2	magnesium salt; metal sulfate; organic magnesium salt	anaesthetic; analgesic; anti-arrhythmia drug; anticonvulsant; calcium channel blocker; cardiovascular drug; fertilizer; tocolytic agent
mercuric chloride Mercuric Chloride: Mercury chloride (HgCl2). A highly toxic compound that volatizes slightly at ordinary temperature and appreciably at 100 degrees C. It is corrosive to mucous membranes and used as a topical antiseptic and disinfectant.. mercury dichloride : A mercury coordination entity made up of linear triatomic molecules in which a mercury atom is bonded to two chlorines. Water-soluble, it is highly toxic. Once used in a wide variety of applications, including preserving wood and anatomical specimens, embalming and disinfecting, as an intensifier in photography, as a mordant for rabbit and beaver furs, and freeing gold from lead, its use has markedly declined as less toxic alternatives have been developed.	3.93	13	0	mercury coordination entity	sensitiser
acetylglucosamine Acetylglucosamine: The N-acetyl derivative of glucosamine.. N-acetyl-beta-D-glucosamine : An N-acetyl-D-glucosamine having beta-configuration at the anomeric centre.	4.24	17	0	N-acetyl-D-glucosamine	epitope
galactosamine 2-amino-2-deoxy-D-galactopyranose : The pyranose form of D-galactosamine.. D-galactosamine : The D-stereoisomer of galactosamine.	2.68	3	0	D-galactosamine; primary amino compound	toxin
phosphoric acid, trisodium salt [no description available]	2.41	2	0	sodium phosphate
sodium nitrate sodium nitrate : The inorganic nitrate salt of sodium.	3.4	7	0	inorganic nitrate salt; inorganic sodium salt	fertilizer; NMR chemical shift reference compound
stannic chloride [no description available]	1.96	1	0
cesium chloride cesium chloride: RN given refers to unlabeled cpd. caesium chloride : The inorganic chloride salt of caesium; each caesium ion is coordinated by eight chlorine ions.	3.27	6	0	inorganic caesium salt; inorganic chloride	phase-transfer catalyst; vasoconstrictor agent
camptothecin NSC 100880: carboxylate (opened lactone) form of camptothecin; RN refers to (S)-isomer; structure given in first source	3.65	9	0	delta-lactone; pyranoindolizinoquinoline; quinoline alkaloid; tertiary alcohol	antineoplastic agent; EC 5.99.1.2 (DNA topoisomerase) inhibitor; genotoxin; plant metabolite
ferric chloride ferric chloride: RN given refers to cpd with MF of Fe-Cl3; used to induce experimental arterial thrombosis to evaluate antithrombotic agents	3.61	9	0	iron coordination entity	astringent; Lewis acid
nickel chloride nickel chloride: RN given refers to cpd with MF of Ni-Cl2. nickel dichloride : A compound of nickel and chloride in which the ratio of nickel (in the +2 oxidation state) to chloride is 1:2.	2.72	3	0	nickel coordination entity	calcium channel blocker; hapten
ferrous sulfate ferrous sulfate: Ferro-Gradumet is ferrous sulfate in controlled release form; RN given refers to Fe(+2)[1:1] salt. iron(2+) sulfate (anhydrous) : A compound of iron and sulfate in which the ratio of iron(2+) to sulfate ions is 1:1. Various hydrates occur naturally - most commonly the heptahydrate, which loses water to form the tetrahydrate at 57degreeC and the monohydrate at 65degreeC.	3.89	12	0	iron molecular entity; metal sulfate	reducing agent
bromine Bromine: A halogen with the atomic symbol Br, atomic number 35, and atomic weight 79.904. It is a volatile reddish-brown liquid that gives off suffocating vapors, is corrosive to the skin, and may cause severe gastroenteritis if ingested.	2.71	3	0	diatomic bromine
zinc sulfate Zinc Sulfate: A compound given in the treatment of conditions associated with zinc deficiency such as acrodermatitis enteropathica. Externally, zinc sulfate is used as an astringent in lotions and eye drops. (Reynolds JEF(Ed): Martindale: The Extra Pharmacopoeia (electronic version). Micromedex, Inc, Englewood, CO, 1995). zinc sulfate : A metal sulfate compound having zinc(2+) as the counterion.	2.92	4	0	metal sulfate; zinc molecular entity	fertilizer
chromic acid [no description available]	2.02	1	0	chromium oxoacid	oxidising agent
potassium nitrate potassium nitrate: RN given refers to cpd with MF of K-HNO3; when combined with charcoal and sulfur it can form EXPLOSIVE AGENTS. potassium nitrate : The inorganic nitrate salt of potassium.	2.46	2	0	inorganic nitrate salt; potassium salt	fertilizer
sodium sulfate [no description available]	2.7	3	0	inorganic sodium salt
tricalcium phosphate tricalcium phosphate: a form of tricalcium phosphate used as bioceramic bone replacement material; see also records for alpha-tricalcium phosphate, beta-tricalcium phosphate, calcium phosphate; apatitic tricalcium phosphate Ca9(HPO4)(PO4)5(OH) is the calcium orthophosphate leading to beta tricalcium phosphate Ca3(PO4)2 (b-TCP). calcium phosphate : A calcium salt composed of calcium and phosphate/diphosphate ions; present in milk and used for the mineralisation of calcified tissues.	8.89	11	0	calcium phosphate
ferrous chloride ferrous chloride: induces convulsions; RN given refers to parent cpd	3.25	6	0	iron coordination entity
chromates Chromates: Salts of chromic acid containing the CrO(2-)4 radical.. chromate(2-) : A chromium oxoanion resulting from the removal of two protons from chromic acid.	2.7	3	0	chromium oxoanion; divalent inorganic anion	oxidising agent
copper sulfate Copper Sulfate: A sulfate salt of copper. It is a potent emetic and is used as an antidote for poisoning by phosphorus. It also can be used to prevent the growth of algae.. copper(II) sulfate : A metal sulfate compound having copper(2+) as the metal ion.	3.14	5	0	metal sulfate	emetic; fertilizer; sensitiser
tungstate [no description available]	2.01	1	0	divalent inorganic anion; tungsten oxoanion
silver nitrate Silver Nitrate: A silver salt with powerful germicidal activity. It has been used topically to prevent OPHTHALMIA NEONATORUM.	2.11	1	0	inorganic nitrate salt; silver salt	astringent
calcium sulfate Calcium Sulfate: A calcium salt that is used for a variety of purposes including: building materials, as a desiccant, in dentistry as an impression material, cast, or die, and in medicine for immobilizing casts and as a tablet excipient. It exists in various forms and states of hydration. Plaster of Paris is a mixture of powdered and heat-treated gypsum.	2.01	1	0	calcium salt; inorganic calcium salt
potassium dichromate Potassium Dichromate: Chromic acid (H2Cr2O7), dipotassium salt. A compound having bright orange-red crystals and used in dyeing, staining, tanning leather, as bleach, oxidizer, depolarizer for dry cells, etc. Medically it has been used externally as an astringent, antiseptic, and caustic. When taken internally, it is a corrosive poison.. potassium dichromate : A potassium salt that is the dipotassium salt of dichromic acid.	1.97	1	0	potassium salt	allergen; oxidising agent; sensitiser
potassium sulfate potassium sulfate: RN given refers to cpd with MF of K2-H2SO4	1.99	1	0	inorganic potassium salt; potassium salt
deuterium Deuterium: The stable isotope of hydrogen. It has one neutron and one proton in the nucleus.	10.35	56	0	dihydrogen
fluorine Fluorine: A nonmetallic, diatomic gas that is a trace element and member of the halogen family. It is used in dentistry as fluoride (FLUORIDES) to prevent dental caries.	4.61	8	0	diatomic fluorine; gas molecular entity	NMR chemical shift reference compound
chlorine Chlorine: An element with atomic symbol Cl, atomic number 17, and atomic weight 35, and member of the halogen family.	4.19	17	0	diatomic chlorine; gas molecular entity	bleaching agent
silver chloride [no description available]	2.43	2	0	inorganic chloride; silver salt
beryllium fluoride beryllium difluoride : The fluoride salt of beryllium (+2 oxidation state). In the solid state it exists as a glass, with four-coordinate Be(2+) tetrahedral centres and two-coordinate fluoride centres. As a gas it adopts a linear triatomic structure and in the liquid state a fluctuating tetrahedral structure. In protein crystallography it is used as a mimic of phosphate.	2.38	2	0	beryllium molecular entity; fluoride salt
deuterium oxide Deuterium Oxide: The isotopic compound of hydrogen of mass 2 (deuterium) with oxygen. (From Grant & Hackh's Chemical Dictionary, 5th ed) It is used to study mechanisms and rates of chemical or nuclear reactions, as well as biological processes.	4.35	20	0	deuterated compound; water	NMR solvent
fluorosulfonic acid perfluorosulfonic acid: sulfonated tetrafluoroethylene-based fluoropolymer–copolymer	3.22	5	0	sulfur oxoacid	NMR solvent
molybdate ion molybdate : A divalent inorganic anion obtained by removal of both protons from molybdic acid	2.42	2	0	divalent inorganic anion; molybdenum oxoanion	Escherichia coli metabolite
galactose aldohexose : A hexose with a (potential) aldehyde group at one end.	2.9	4	0
vasotocin Vasotocin: A nonapeptide that contains the ring of OXYTOCIN and the side chain of ARG-VASOPRESSIN with the latter determining the specific recognition of hormone receptors. Vasotocin is the non-mammalian vasopressin-like hormone or antidiuretic hormone regulating water and salt metabolism.. vasotocin : A heterodetic cyclic peptide that is homologous to oxytocin and vasopressin. It is a pituitary hormone that acts as an endocrine regulator for water balance, osmotic homoeostasis and is involved in social and sexual behavior in non-mammalian vertebrates.	2.78	3	0
ozone Ozone: The unstable triatomic form of oxygen, O3. It is a powerful oxidant that is produced for various chemical and industrial uses. Its production is also catalyzed in the ATMOSPHERE by ULTRAVIOLET RAY irradiation of oxygen or other ozone precursors such as VOLATILE ORGANIC COMPOUNDS and NITROGEN OXIDES. About 90% of the ozone in the atmosphere exists in the stratosphere (STRATOSPHERIC OZONE).. ozone : An elemental molecule with formula O3. An explosive, pale blue gas (b.p. -112degreeC) that has a characteristic, pungent odour, it is continuously produced in the upper atmosphere by the action of solar ultraviolet radiation on atmospheric oxygen. It is an antimicrobial agent used in the production of bottled water, as well as in the treatment of meat, poultry and other foodstuffs.	2.97	4	0	elemental molecule; gas molecular entity; reactive oxygen species; triatomic oxygen	antiseptic drug; disinfectant; electrophilic reagent; greenhouse gas; mutagen; oxidising agent; tracer
ferric sulfate ferric sulfate: RN given refers to Fe(+3)[3:2] salt). iron(3+) sulfate : A compound of iron and sulfate in which the ratio of iron(3+) to sulfate ions is 3:2.	2	1	0	iron molecular entity; metal sulfate	astringent; catalyst; mordant
aluminum sulfate aluminium sulfate (anhydrous) : An aluminium sulfate that contains no water of crystallisation.	2.4	2	0	aluminium sulfate
ammonium ferric sulfate ammonium ferrous sulfate: supplies nutritional iron. ferrous ammonium sulfate (anhydrous) : A compound of ammonium, iron and sulfate in which the ratio of ammonium to iron(2+) to sulfate ions is 2:1:2.	2	1	0	ammonium salt; iron molecular entity; metal sulfate	ferroptosis inducer
sodium selenite disodium selenite : An inorganic sodium salt composed of sodium and selenite ions in a 2:1 ratio.	2.73	3	0	inorganic sodium salt; selenite salt	nutraceutical
sodium tellurite sodium tellurate(IV): RN given refers to di-Na salt	2.06	1	0
cadmium chloride Cadmium Chloride: A cadmium halide in the form of colorless crystals, soluble in water, methanol, and ethanol. It is used in photography, in dyeing, and calico printing, and as a solution to precipitate sulfides. (McGraw-Hill Dictionary of Scientific and Technical Terms, 5th ed). cadmium dichloride : A cadmium coordination entity in which cadmium(2+) and Cl(-) ions are present in the ratio 2:1. Although considered to be ionic, it has considerable covalent character to its bonding.	4.55	24	0	cadmium coordination entity
4-chloro-7-nitrobenzofurazan 4-Chloro-7-nitrobenzofurazan: A benzofuran derivative used as a protein reagent since the terminal N-NBD-protein conjugate possesses interesting fluorescence and spectral properties. It has also been used as a covalent inhibitor of both beef heart mitochondrial ATPase and bacterial ATPase.. 4-chloro-7-nitrobenzofurazan : A benzoxadiazole that is 2,1,3-benzoxadiazole which is substituted at position 4 by chlorine and at position 7 by a nitro group.	3.52	8	0	benzoxadiazole; C-nitro compound; organochlorine compound	EC 1.4.3.4 (monoamine oxidase) inhibitor; EC 3.6.1.3 (adenosinetriphosphatase) inhibitor; fluorescent probe; fluorochrome
barium chloride barium chloride: RN given refers to parent cpd. barium chloride : The inorganic dichloride salt of barium.	2.7	3	0	barium salt; inorganic chloride	potassium channel blocker
trolamine salicylate Arthritis: Acute or chronic inflammation of JOINTS.	4.82	10	0
stanozolol Stanozolol: A synthetic steroid that has anabolic and androgenic properties. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p1194). stanozolol : An organic heteropentacyclic compound resulting from the formal condensation of the 3-keto-aldehyde moiety of oxymetholone with hydrazine. Like oxymetholone, it is a synthetic anabolic steroid. It has both anabolic and androgenic properties, and has been used to treat hereditary angioedema and various vascular disorders. It has also been widely abused by professional athletes.	2.05	1	0	17beta-hydroxy steroid; anabolic androgenic steroid; organic heteropentacyclic compound; tertiary alcohol	anabolic agent; androgen
rhamnose [no description available]	2.71	3	0	L-rhamnose
clodronic acid Clodronic Acid: A diphosphonate which affects calcium metabolism. It inhibits bone resorption and soft tissue calcification.. clodronic acid : An organochlorine compound that is methylene chloride in which both hydrogens are replaced by phosphonic acid groups. It inhibits bone resorption and soft tissue calcification, and is used (often as the disodium salt tetrahydrate) as an adjunct in the treatment of severe hypercalcaemia associated with malignancy, and in the management of osteolytic lesions and bone pain associated with skeletal metastases.	2.77	3	0	1,1-bis(phosphonic acid); one-carbon compound; organochlorine compound	antineoplastic agent; bone density conservation agent
chloramine [no description available]	2.01	1	0	halide
ammonium bromide ammonium bromide : An ammonium salt composed of ammonium and bromide ions in a 1:1 ratio.	1.92	1	0	ammonium salt; bromide salt	NMR chemical shift reference compound
ammonium chloride Ammonium Chloride: An acidifying agent that has expectorant and diuretic effects. Also used in etching and batteries and as a flux in electroplating.. ammonium chloride : An inorganic chloride having ammonium as the counterion.	5.38	59	0	ammonium salt; inorganic chloride	ferroptosis inhibitor
2,2'-dichlorobiphenyl [no description available]	1.98	1	0
ethionine L-ethionine : An S-ethylhomocysteine that has S-configuration at the chiral centre.	2.38	2	0	S-ethylhomocysteine	antimetabolite; carcinogenic agent
cysteic acid Cysteic Acid: Beta-Sulfoalanine. An amino acid with a C-terminal sulfonic acid group which has been isolated from human hair oxidized with permanganate. It occurs normally in the outer part of the sheep's fleece, where the wool is exposed to light and weather.. cysteic acid : An amino sulfonic acid that is the sulfonic acid analogue of cysteine.	5.56	28	0	alanine derivative; amino sulfonic acid; carboxyalkanesulfonic acid; cysteine derivative; non-proteinogenic alpha-amino acid	animal metabolite
dimethyl adipimidate Dimethyl Adipimidate: Bifunctional cross-linking agent that links covalently free amino groups of proteins or polypeptides, including those in cell membranes. It is used as reagent or fixative in immunohistochemistry and is a proposed antisickling agent.	1.99	1	0
dimethyl alpha-ketoglutarate [no description available]	2.25	1	0	oxo carboxylic acid
cesium fluoride cesium fluoride: RN given refers to above cpd	2.51	2	0
titanium dioxide titanium dioxide: used medically as protectant against externally caused irritation & sunlight; high concentrations of dust may cause irritation to respiratory tract; RN given refers to titanium oxide (TiO2); structure. titanium dioxide : A titanium oxide with the formula TiO2. A naturally occurring oxide sourced from ilmenite, rutile and anatase, it has a wide range of applications.	4.52	22	0	titanium oxides	food colouring
beryllium sulfate beryllium sulfate: used as a diagnostic aid for allergic reactions in patients with fungal infection; RN given refers to (Be sulfate[1:1]). beryllium sulfate : A metal sulfate in which the metal is beryllium (in the +2 oxidation state) and the ratio of beryllium to sulfate is 1:1.	1.97	1	0	metal sulfate	allergen
misonidazole Misonidazole: A nitroimidazole that sensitizes normally radio-resistant hypoxic cells to radiation. It may also be directly cytotoxic to hypoxic cells and has been proposed as an antineoplastic.	2.05	1	0
4-chlorophenoxyacetic acid 4-chlorophenoxyacetic acid: RN given refers to parent cpd; structure. (4-chlorophenoxy)acetic acid : A chlorophenoxyacetic acid that is phenoxyacetic acid carrying a chloro substituent at position 4.	2.42	2	0	chlorophenoxyacetic acid; monochlorobenzenes	phenoxy herbicide
tetrathionic acid Tetrathionic Acid: A sulfuric acid dimer, formed by disulfide linkage. This compound has been used to prolong coagulation time and as an antidote in cyanide poisoning.	2.03	1	0	sulfur oxoacid
tiletamine hydrochloride Cyclohexanones: Cyclohexane ring substituted by one or more ketones in any position.. cyclohexanones : Any alicyclic ketone based on a cyclohexane skeleton and its substituted derivatives thereof.	3.3	6	0
xipamide Xipamide: A sulfamoylbenzamide analog of CLOPAMIDE. It is diuretic and saluretic with antihypertensive activity. It is bound to PLASMA PROTEINS, thus has a delayed onset and prolonged action.	2.05	1	0	benzamides
etorphine Etorphine: A narcotic analgesic morphinan used as a sedative in veterinary practice.	2.69	3	0
selegiline Selegiline: A selective, irreversible inhibitor of Type B monoamine oxidase that is used for the treatment of newly diagnosed patients with PARKINSON DISEASE, and for the treatment of depressive disorders. The compound without isomeric designation is Deprenyl.	5.3	17	0	selegiline; terminal acetylenic compound	geroprotector
phytanic acid Phytanic Acid: A 20-carbon branched chain fatty acid. In phytanic acid storage disease (REFSUM DISEASE) this lipid may comprise as much as 30% of the total fatty acids of the plasma. This is due to a phytanic acid alpha-hydroxylase deficiency.. phytanic acid : A branched-chain saturated fatty acid consisting of hexadecanoic acid carrying methyl substituents at positions 3, 7, 11 and 15.	2.08	1	0	branched-chain saturated fatty acid; long-chain fatty acid; methyl-branched fatty acid
levamisole Levamisole: An antihelminthic drug that has been tried experimentally in rheumatic disorders where it apparently restores the immune response by increasing macrophage chemotaxis and T-lymphocyte function. Paradoxically, this immune enhancement appears to be beneficial in rheumatoid arthritis where dermatitis, leukopenia, and thrombocytopenia, and nausea and vomiting have been reported as side effects. (From Smith and Reynard, Textbook of Pharmacology, 1991, p435-6). levamisole : A 6-phenyl-2,3,5,6-tetrahydroimidazo[2,1-b][1,3]thiazole that has S configuration. It is used (generally as the monohydrochloride salt) to treat parasitic worm infections in pigs, sheep and cattle and was formerly used in humans as an adjuvant to chemotherapy for the treatment of various cancers. It is also widely used as an adulterant to coccaine.	2.74	3	0	6-phenyl-2,3,5,6-tetrahydroimidazo[2,1-b][1,3]thiazole	antinematodal drug; antirheumatic drug; EC 3.1.3.1 (alkaline phosphatase) inhibitor; immunological adjuvant; immunomodulator
thiamphenicol [no description available]	2.05	1	0	monocarboxylic acid amide; sulfone	antimicrobial agent; immunosuppressive agent
pizotyline Pizotyline: Serotonin antagonist used against MIGRAINE DISORDERS and vascular headaches.. pizotifen : A benzocycloheptathiophene that is 9,10-dihydro-4H-benzo[4,5]cyclohepta[1,2-b]thiophene 4-ylidene)-1-methylpiperidine which is joined from the 4 position to the 4 position of an N-methylpiperidine moiety by a double bond. It is a sedating antihistamine, with strong serotonin antagonist and weak antimuscarinic activity. It is generally used as the malate salt for the treatment of migraine and the prevention of headache attacks during cluster periods.	2.05	1	0	benzocycloheptathiophene	histamine antagonist; muscarinic antagonist; serotonergic antagonist
cephalexin Cephalexin: A semisynthetic cephalosporin antibiotic with antimicrobial activity similar to that of CEPHALORIDINE or CEPHALOTHIN, but somewhat less potent. It is effective against both gram-positive and gram-negative organisms.. cephalexin : A semisynthetic first-generation cephalosporin antibiotic having methyl and beta-(2R)-2-amino-2-phenylacetamido groups at the 3- and 7- of the cephem skeleton, respectively. It is effective against both Gram-negative and Gram-positive organisms, and is used for treatment of infections of the skin, respiratory tract and urinary tract.	2.48	2	0	beta-lactam antibiotic allergen; cephalosporin; semisynthetic derivative	antibacterial drug
cromolyn sodium Cromolyn Sodium: A chromone complex that acts by inhibiting the release of chemical mediators from sensitized MAST CELLS. It is used in the prophylactic treatment of both allergic and exercise-induced asthma, but does not affect an established asthmatic attack.. disodium cromoglycate : An organic sodium salt that is the disodium salt of cromoglycic acid.	2.11	1	0	organic sodium salt	anti-asthmatic drug; drug allergen
isosorbide-5-mononitrate isosorbide-5-mononitrate: for prevention of angina pectoris; structure given in first source; a Russian drug	2.05	1	0	glucitol derivative; nitrate ester	nitric oxide donor; vasodilator agent
eedq EEDQ: peptide coupling reagent	3.23	6	0
methyltin [no description available]	2.03	1	0
tetradecanoylphorbol acetate Tetradecanoylphorbol Acetate: A phorbol ester found in CROTON OIL with very effective tumor promoting activity. It stimulates the synthesis of both DNA and RNA.. phorbol ester : Esters of phorbol, originally found in croton oil (from Croton tiglium, of the family Euphorbiaceae). A number of phorbol esters possess activity as tumour promoters and activate the mechanisms associated with cell growth. Some of these are used in experiments as activators of protein kinase C.. phorbol 13-acetate 12-myristate : A phorbol ester that is phorbol in which the hydroxy groups at the cyclopropane ring juction (position 13) and the adjacent carbon (position 12) have been converted into the corresponding acetate and myristate esters. It is a major active constituent of the seed oil of Croton tiglium. It has been used as a tumour promoting agent for skin carcinogenesis in rodents and is associated with increased cell proliferation of malignant cells. However its function is controversial since a decrease in cell proliferation has also been observed in several cancer cell types.	5.8	88	0	acetate ester; diester; phorbol ester; tertiary alpha-hydroxy ketone; tetradecanoate ester	antineoplastic agent; apoptosis inducer; carcinogenic agent; mitogen; plant metabolite; protein kinase C agonist; reactive oxygen species generator
ethephon (2-chloroethyl)phosphonic acid: structure in first source. (2-chloroethyl)phosphonic acid : A phosphonic acid compound having a 2-chloroethyl substituent attached to the P-atom.	2.05	1	0	phosphonic acids	plant growth regulator
ornidazole Ornidazole: A nitroimidazole antiprotozoal agent used in ameba and trichomonas infections. It is partially plasma-bound and also has radiation-sensitizing action.. ornidazole : A C-nitro compound that is 5-nitroimidazole in which the hydrogens at positions 1 and 2 are replaced by 3-chloro-2-hydroxypropyl and methyl groups, respectively. It is used in the treatment of susceptible protozoal infections and for the treatment of anaerobic bacterial infections.	2.11	1	0	C-nitro compound; imidazoles; organochlorine compound; secondary alcohol	antiamoebic agent; antibacterial drug; antiinfective agent; antiprotozoal drug; antitrichomonal drug; epitope
gold tetrachloride, acid gold tetrachloride, acid: used in root canal therapy; RN given refers to (SP-4-1)	2.04	1	0
fluorides [no description available]	4.1	15	0	halide anion; monoatomic fluorine
danazol Danazol: A synthetic steroid with antigonadotropic and anti-estrogenic activities that acts as an anterior pituitary suppressant by inhibiting the pituitary output of gonadotropins. It possesses some androgenic properties. Danazol has been used in the treatment of endometriosis and some benign breast disorders.	2.05	1	0	17beta-hydroxy steroid; terminal acetylenic compound	anti-estrogen; estrogen antagonist; geroprotector
metergoline Metergoline: A dopamine agonist and serotonin antagonist. It has been used similarly to BROMOCRIPTINE as a dopamine agonist and also for MIGRAINE DISORDERS therapy.. metergoline : An ergoline alkaloid that is the N-benzyloxycarbonyl derivative of lysergamine. A 5-HT2 antagonist. Also 5-HT1 antagonist and 5-HT1D ligand. Has moderate affinity for 5-HT6 and high affinity for 5-HT7.	2.08	1	0	carbamate ester; ergoline alkaloid	dopamine agonist; geroprotector; serotonergic antagonist
benomyl [no description available]	2.02	1	0	aromatic amide; benzimidazole fungicide; benzimidazoles; benzimidazolylcarbamate fungicide; carbamate ester	acaricide; anthelminthic drug; antifungal agrochemical; microtubule-destabilising agent; tubulin modulator
lisuride Lisuride: An ergot derivative that acts as an agonist at dopamine D2 receptors (DOPAMINE AGONISTS). It may also act as an antagonist at dopamine D1 receptors, and as an agonist at some serotonin receptors (SEROTONIN RECEPTOR AGONISTS).	2.7	3	0	monocarboxylic acid amide	antidyskinesia agent; antiparkinson drug; dopamine agonist; serotonergic agonist
n,n,n-triethyl-1-dodecylammonium N,N,N-triethyl-1-dodecylammonium: RN given refers to parent cpd	2.03	1	0
stannic oxide tin dioxide : A tin oxide compound consisting of tin(IV) covalently bound to two oxygen atoms.	2.01	1	0	tin oxide
cresyl violet cresyl violet: RN given refers to chloride. cresyl violet : A cationic heterotetracyclic fluorescent dye derived from benzo[a]phenoxazine.	2.41	2	0
chromium chromium hexavalent ion: a human respiratory carcinogen	2.48	2	0	chromium cation; monoatomic hexacation
1-deoxynojirimycin 1-deoxy-nojirimycin: structure in first source. duvoglustat : An optically active form of 2-(hydroxymethyl)piperidine-3,4,5-triol having 2R,3R,4R,5S-configuration.	2.44	2	0	2-(hydroxymethyl)piperidine-3,4,5-triol; piperidine alkaloid	anti-HIV agent; anti-obesity agent; bacterial metabolite; EC 3.2.1.20 (alpha-glucosidase) inhibitor; hepatoprotective agent; hypoglycemic agent; plant metabolite
dibenz(b,f)(1,4)oxazepine-10(11h)-carboxylic acid, 8-chloro-, 2-acetylhydrazide Dibenz(b,f)(1,4)oxazepine-10(11H)-carboxylic acid, 8-chloro-, 2-acetylhydrazide: Inhibits the activity of prostaglandins.	2.43	2	0
n-n-propylnorapomorphine N-n-propylnorapomorphine: RN given refers to cpd without isomeric designation; structure	2.37	2	0
iodine [no description available]	3.24	6	0	halide anion; monoatomic iodine	human metabolite
osmium tetroxide Osmium Tetroxide: (T-4)-Osmium oxide (OsO4). A highly toxic and volatile oxide of osmium used in industry as an oxidizing agent. It is also used as a histological fixative and stain and as a synovectomy agent in arthritic joints. Its vapor can cause eye, skin, and lung damage.. osmium tetroxide : An osmium coordination entity consisting of four oxygen atoms bound to a central osmium atom via covalent double bonds.	1.97	1	0	osmium coordination entity	fixative; histological dye; oxidising agent; poison
daunorubicin Daunorubicin: A very toxic anthracycline aminoglycoside antineoplastic isolated from Streptomyces peucetius and others, used in treatment of LEUKEMIA and other NEOPLASMS.. anthracycline : Anthracyclines are polyketides that have a tetrahydronaphthacenedione ring structure attached by a glycosidic linkage to the amino sugar daunosamine.. daunorubicin : A natural product found in Actinomadura roseola.	2.74	3	0	aminoglycoside antibiotic; anthracycline; p-quinones; tetracenequinones	antineoplastic agent; bacterial metabolite
phosphotyrosine Phosphotyrosine: An amino acid that occurs in endogenous proteins. Tyrosine phosphorylation and dephosphorylation plays a role in cellular signal transduction and possibly in cell growth control and carcinogenesis.. O(4)-phospho-L-tyrosine : A non-proteinogenic L-alpha-amino acid that is L-tyrosine phosphorylated at the phenolic hydroxy group.	5.32	21	0	L-tyrosine derivative; non-proteinogenic L-alpha-amino acid; O(4)-phosphotyrosine	Escherichia coli metabolite; immunogen
5-(2-cyclohexylidene-ethyl)-5-ethylbarbiturate 5-(2-cyclohexylidene-ethyl)-5-ethylbarbiturate: RN given refers to parent cpd	2.66	3	0
fenamiphos [no description available]	2.05	1	0	organophosphate insecticide; organophosphate nematicide; phosphoramidate ester	acaricide; agrochemical; EC 3.1.1.7 (acetylcholinesterase) inhibitor
carbimazole Carbimazole: An imidazole antithyroid agent. Carbimazole is metabolized to METHIMAZOLE, which is responsible for the antithyroid activity.. carbimazole : A member of the class of imidazoles that is methimazole in which the nitrogen bearing a hydrogen is converted into its ethoxycarbonyl derivative. A prodrug for methimazol, carbimazole is used for the treatment of hyperthyroidism.	2.41	2	0	1,3-dihydroimidazole-2-thiones; carbamate ester	antithyroid drug; prodrug
bromocriptine Bromocriptine: A semisynthetic ergotamine alkaloid that is a dopamine D2 agonist. It suppresses prolactin secretion.	3.87	12	0	indole alkaloid	antidyskinesia agent; antiparkinson drug; dopamine agonist; hormone antagonist
zingerone zingerone: pungent principle of ginger; structure. zingerone : A methyl ketone that is 4-phenylbutan-2-one in which the phenyl ring is substituted at positions 3 and 4 by methoxy and hydroxy groups respectively. The major pungent component in ginger.	2.58	2	0	methyl ketone; monomethoxybenzene; phenols	anti-inflammatory agent; antiemetic; antioxidant; flavouring agent; fragrance; plant metabolite; radiation protective agent
phenyl acetate phenyl acetate: The ester formed between phenol and acetic acid. Don't confuse with phenylacetic acid derivatives listed under PHENYLACETATES.. phenyl acetate : An acetate ester obtained by the formal condensation of phenol with acetic acid.	14.22	234	2	benzenes; phenyl acetates
3-phenyl-1-propanol [no description available]	2	1	0	monocyclic arene
cetylpyridinium chloride anhydrous tserigel: according to first source contains polyvinylbutyral & cetylpyridinium chloride; UD only lists cetylpyridinium chloride as constituent. cetylpyridinium chloride : A pyridinium salt that has N-hexadecylpyridinium as the cation and chloride as the anion. It has antiseptic properties and is used in solutions or lozenges for the treatment of minor infections of the mouth and throat.	6.76	7	0	chloride salt; organic chloride salt	antiseptic drug; surfactant
4-ethylphenol 4-ethylphenol: RN given refers to parent cpd. 4-ethylphenol : A member of the class of phenols carrying an ethyl substituent at position 4.	2	1	0	phenols	fungal xenobiotic metabolite
pyrrolidine [no description available]	8.08	5	0	azacycloalkane; pyrrolidines; saturated organic heteromonocyclic parent
1,4-dioxane 1,4-dioxane: dehydrating agent; polar solvent miscible both with water & most organic solvents. dioxane : Any member of the class of dioxanes that is a cyclohexane in which two carbon atoms are replaced by oxygen atoms.. 1,4-dioxane : A dioxane with oxygen atoms at positions 1 and 4.	7.43	2	0	dioxane; volatile organic compound	carcinogenic agent; metabolite; NMR chemical shift reference compound; non-polar solvent
isoamyl acetate isoamyl acetate: structure in Merck, 9th ed, #4958. isoamyl acetate : The acetate ester of isoamylol.	2.01	1	0	acetate ester	metabolite; Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite
triamcinolone Triamcinolone: A glucocorticoid given, as the free alcohol or in esterified form, orally, intramuscularly, by local injection, by inhalation, or applied topically in the management of various disorders in which corticosteroids are indicated. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p739). triamcinolone : A C21-steroid hormone that is 1,4-pregnadiene-3,20-dione carrying four hydroxy substituents at positions 11beta, 16alpha, 17alpha and 21 as well as a fluoro substituent at position 9. Used in the form of its 16,17-acetonide to treat various skin infections.	2.41	2	0	11beta-hydroxy steroid; 16alpha-hydroxy steroid; 17alpha-hydroxy steroid; 20-oxo steroid; 21-hydroxy steroid; 3-oxo-Delta(4) steroid; C21-steroid hormone; fluorinated steroid; glucocorticoid; primary alpha-hydroxy ketone; tertiary alpha-hydroxy ketone	anti-allergic agent; anti-inflammatory drug
oxyphenisatin [no description available]	2.05	1	0	indoles
tetrachloroethylene Tetrachloroethylene: A chlorinated hydrocarbon used as an industrial solvent and cooling liquid in electrical transformers. It is a potential carcinogen.	2.4	2	0	chlorocarbon; chloroethenes	nephrotoxic agent
ursodeoxycholic acid Ursodeoxycholic Acid: An epimer of chenodeoxycholic acid. It is a mammalian bile acid found first in the bear and is apparently either a precursor or a product of chenodeoxycholate. Its administration changes the composition of bile and may dissolve gallstones. It is used as a cholagogue and choleretic.. ursodeoxycholic acid : A bile acid found in the bile of bears (Ursidae) as a conjugate with taurine. Used therapeutically, it prevents the synthesis and absorption of cholesterol and can lead to the dissolution of gallstones.. ursodeoxycholate : A bile acid anion that is the conjugate base of ursodeoxycholic acid, obtained by deprotonation of the carboxy group; major species at pH 7.3.	3.15	5	0	bile acid; C24-steroid; dihydroxy-5beta-cholanic acid	human metabolite; mouse metabolite
pregnanolone Pregnanolone: A pregnane found in the urine of pregnant women and sows. It has anesthetic, hypnotic, and sedative properties.. 3alpha-hydroxy-5beta-pregnan-20-one : The 3alpha-stereoisomer of 3-hydroxy-5beta-pregnan-20-one.	6.18	24	0	3-hydroxy-5beta-pregnan-20-one; 3alpha-hydroxy steroid	human metabolite; intravenous anaesthetic; sedative
pyrene pyrene: structure in Merck Index, 9th ed, #7746. pyrene : An ortho- and peri-fused polycyclic arene consisting of four fused benzene rings, resulting in a flat aromatic system.	2.73	3	0	ortho- and peri-fused polycyclic arene	fluorescent probe; persistent organic pollutant
isothiuronium Isothiuronium: An undecenyl THIOUREA which may have topical anti-inflammatory activity.	2.39	2	0
dimethyltin [no description available]	2.03	1	0	organotin compound
butachlor butachlor : An aromatic amide that is 2-choro-N-(2,6-diethylphenyl)acetamide in which the amide nitrogen has been replaced by a butoxymethyl group.	2.05	1	0	aromatic amide; organochlorine compound; tertiary carboxamide	environmental contaminant; herbicide; xenobiotic
4-methoxyamphetamine 4-methoxyamphetamine: para-methoxy derivative to amphetamine with hallucinogenic properties; minor descriptor (75-86); on line & INDEX MEDICUS search AMPHETAMINES (75-86); RN given refers to parent compound without isomeric designation	3.23	6	0
dihydro-beta-erythroidine Dihydro-beta-Erythroidine: Dihydro analog of beta-erythroidine, which is isolated from the seeds and other plant parts of Erythrina sp. Leguminosae. It is an alkaloid with curarimimetic properties.. dihydro-beta-erythroidine : An organic heterotetracyclic compound resulting from the partial hydrogenation of the 1,3-diene moiety of beta-erythroidine to give the corresponding 2-ene.	4.16	16	0	delta-lactone; organic heterotetracyclic compound; tertiary amino compound	nicotinic antagonist
8-bromo cyclic adenosine monophosphate 8-Bromo Cyclic Adenosine Monophosphate: A long-acting derivative of cyclic AMP. It is an activator of cyclic AMP-dependent protein kinase, but resistant to degradation by cyclic AMP phosphodiesterase.. 8-Br-cAMP : A 3',5'-cyclic purine nucleotide that is 3',5'-cyclic AMP bearing an additional bromo substituent at position 8 on the adenine ring. An activator of cyclic AMP-dependent protein kinase, but resistant to degradation by cyclic AMP phosphodiesterase.	4.44	22	0	3',5'-cyclic purine nucleotide; adenyl ribonucleotide; organobromine compound	antidepressant; protein kinase agonist
dihydroxyethyldithiocarbamate dihydroxyethyldithiocarbamate: mobilizes metallothionein-bound cadmium from tissue; increases biliary excretion of cadmium in rats	2.05	1	0
transferrin Transferrin: An iron-binding beta1-globulin that is synthesized in the LIVER and secreted into the blood. It plays a central role in the transport of IRON throughout the circulation. A variety of transferrin isoforms exist in humans, including some that are considered markers for specific disease states.	5.31	17	0
rose bengal b disodium salt [no description available]	2.05	1	0
tridemorph tridemorph: RN given refers to cpd with unspecified isomeric designation; structure. tridemorph : A mixture of 4-alkyl-2,6-dimethylmorpholines, where 'alkyl' is a mixture of C11 to C14 homologues of which 60-70% is tridecyl. A systemic fungicide, it is no longer approved for use within the European Union.. 2,6-dimethyl-4-tridecylmorpholine : A member of the class of morpholines that is 2,6-dimethylmorpholine in which the hydrogen attached to the nitrogen is replaced by a tridecyl group. The configuration at positions 2 and 6 is unknown or unspecified.	2.01	1	0	morpholines; tertiary amino compound	antifungal agrochemical
n-nitrosoiminodiacetic acid [no description available]	2.25	1	0
isofenphos [no description available]	2	1	0	isopropyl ester; organic phosphonate; organothiophosphate insecticide; phosphonic ester; salicylates	agrochemical; EC 3.1.1.7 (acetylcholinesterase) inhibitor
alkenes [no description available]	3.15	5	0
calcium oxalate Calcium Oxalate: The calcium salt of oxalic acid, occurring in the urine as crystals and in certain calculi.. calcium oxalate : The calcium salt of oxalic acid, which in excess in the urine may lead to formation of oxalate calculi (kidney stones).	8.23	6	0	organic calcium salt
adenylyl imidodiphosphate Adenylyl Imidodiphosphate: 5'-Adenylic acid, monoanhydride with imidodiphosphoric acid. An analog of ATP, in which the oxygen atom bridging the beta to the gamma phosphate is replaced by a nitrogen atom. It is a potent competitive inhibitor of soluble and membrane-bound mitochondrial ATPase and also inhibits ATP-dependent reactions of oxidative phosphorylation.	3.61	9	0	adenosine 5'-phosphate
cefazolin Cefazolin: A semisynthetic cephalosporin analog with broad-spectrum antibiotic action due to inhibition of bacterial cell wall synthesis. It attains high serum levels and is excreted quickly via the urine.. cefazolin : A first-generation cephalosporin compound having [(5-methyl-1,3,4-thiadiazol-2-yl)sulfanyl]methyl and (1H-tetrazol-1-ylacetyl)amino side-groups at positions 3 and 7 respectively.	2.69	3	0	beta-lactam antibiotic allergen; cephalosporin; tetrazoles; thiadiazoles	antibacterial drug
torpedo Torpedo: A genus of the Torpedinidae family consisting of several species. Members of this family have powerful electric organs and are commonly called electric rays.	4.25	18	0
sodium azide Sodium Azide: A cytochrome oxidase inhibitor which is a nitridizing agent and an inhibitor of terminal oxidation. (From Merck Index, 12th ed). sodium azide : The sodium salt of hydrogen azide (hydrazoic acid).	4.36	20	0	inorganic sodium salt	antibacterial agent; explosive; mitochondrial respiratory-chain inhibitor; mutagen
azides Azides: Organic or inorganic compounds that contain the -N3 group.. azide : Any nitrogen molecular entity containing the group -N3.	4.67	28	0	pseudohalide anion	mitochondrial respiratory-chain inhibitor
adenosine diphosphate ribose Adenosine Diphosphate Ribose: An ester formed between the aldehydic carbon of RIBOSE and the terminal phosphate of ADENOSINE DIPHOSPHATE. It is produced by the hydrolysis of nicotinamide-adenine dinucleotide (NAD) by a variety of enzymes, some of which transfer an ADP-ribosyl group to target proteins.	5.78	28	0	ADP-sugar	Escherichia coli metabolite; mouse metabolite
amoxicillin Amoxicillin: A broad-spectrum semisynthetic antibiotic similar to AMPICILLIN except that its resistance to gastric acid permits higher serum levels with oral administration.. amoxicillin : A penicillin in which the substituent at position 6 of the penam ring is a 2-amino-2-(4-hydroxyphenyl)acetamido group.	2.46	2	0	penicillin allergen; penicillin	antibacterial drug
timolol (S)-timolol (anhydrous) : The (S)-(-) (more active) enantiomer of timolol. A beta-adrenergic antagonist, both the hemihydrate and the maleate salt are used in the mangement of glaucoma, hypertension, angina pectoris and myocardial infarction, and for the prevention of migraine.	3.61	9	0	timolol	anti-arrhythmia drug; antiglaucoma drug; antihypertensive agent; beta-adrenergic antagonist
tramadol Tramadol: A narcotic analgesic proposed for severe pain. It may be habituating.. tramadol : A racemate consisting of equal amounts of (R,R)- and (S,S)-tramadol. A centrally acting synthetic opioid analgesic, used (as the hydrochloride salt) to treat moderately severe pain. The (R,R)-enantiomer exhibits ten-fold higher analgesic potency than the (S,S)-enantiomer. Originally developed by Gruenenthal GmbH and launched in 1977, it was subsequently isolated from the root bark of the South African tree Nauclea latifolia.. (R,R)-tramadol : A 2-[(dimethylamino)methyl]-1-(3-methoxyphenyl)cyclohexanol in which both stereocentres have R-configuration; the (R,R)-enantiomer of the racemic opioid analgesic tramadol, it exhibits ten-fold higher analgesic potency than the (S,S)-enantiomer.	3.38	2	0	2-[(dimethylamino)methyl]-1-(3-methoxyphenyl)cyclohexanol	adrenergic uptake inhibitor; antitussive; capsaicin receptor antagonist; delta-opioid receptor agonist; kappa-opioid receptor agonist; metabolite; mu-opioid receptor agonist; muscarinic antagonist; nicotinic antagonist; NMDA receptor antagonist; opioid analgesic; serotonergic antagonist; serotonin uptake inhibitor
nicergoline Nicergoline: An ergot derivative that has been used as a cerebral vasodilator and in peripheral vascular disease. It may ameliorate cognitive deficits in CEREBROVASCULAR DISORDERS.	2.71	3	0	organic heterotetracyclic compound; organonitrogen heterocyclic compound
nigericin Nigericin: A polyether antibiotic which affects ion transport and ATPase activity in mitochondria. It is produced by Streptomyces hygroscopicus. (From Merck Index, 11th ed). nigericin : A polyether antibiotic which affects ion transport and ATPase activity in mitochondria. It is produced by Streptomyces hygroscopicus.	4.12	16	0	polycyclic ether	antibacterial agent; antimicrobial agent; bacterial metabolite; potassium ionophore
enterobactin [no description available]	2.1	1	0	catechols; crown compound; macrotriolide; polyphenol	bacterial metabolite; siderophore
oxcarbazepine Oxcarbazepine: A carbamazepine derivative that acts as a voltage-gated sodium channel blocker. It is used for the treatment of PARTIAL SEIZURES with or without secondary generalization. It is also an inducer of CYTOCHROME P-450 CYP3A4.. oxcarbazepine : A dibenzoazepine derivative, having a carbamoyl group at the ring nitrogen, substituted with an oxo group at C-4 of the azepeine ring which is also hydrogenated at C-4 and C-5. It is a anticholinergic anticonvulsant and mood stabilizing drug, used primarily in the treatment of epilepsy.	3.1	5	0	cyclic ketone; dibenzoazepine	anticonvulsant; drug allergen
1-(9-fluorenyl)methyl chloroformate 1-(9-fluorenyl)methyl chloroformate: used for tagging silica-based derivatization reagents in HPLC	2	1	0
dimethyl suberimidate Dimethyl Suberimidate: The methyl imidoester of suberic acid used to produce cross links in proteins. Each end of the imidoester will react with an amino group in the protein molecule to form an amidine.	1.99	1	0
s-adenosylmethionine acylcarnitine: structure in first source. S-adenosyl-L-methioninate : A sulfonium betaine that is a conjugate base of S-adenosyl-L-methionine obtained by the deprotonation of the carboxy group.	4.7	6	1	sulfonium betaine	human metabolite
amineptin amineptin: used in treatment of neuroses with psychoasthenic, anxio-phobic & depressive manifestations; synonym S 1694 refers to HCl; structure. amineptine : A carbocyclic fatty acid that is 5-aminoheptanoic acid in which one of the hydrogens attached to the nitrogen is replaced by a 10,11-dihydro-5H-dibenzo[a,d][7]annulen-5-yl group. A tricyclic antidepressant, it was never approved in the US and was withdrawn from the French market in 1999 due to concerns over abuse, dependence and severe acne.	2.05	1	0	amino acid; carbocyclic fatty acid; carbotricyclic compound; secondary amino compound	antidepressant; dopamine uptake inhibitor
zidovudine Zidovudine: A dideoxynucleoside compound in which the 3'-hydroxy group on the sugar moiety has been replaced by an azido group. This modification prevents the formation of phosphodiester linkages which are needed for the completion of nucleic acid chains. The compound is a potent inhibitor of HIV replication, acting as a chain-terminator of viral DNA during reverse transcription. It improves immunologic function, partially reverses the HIV-induced neurological dysfunction, and improves certain other clinical abnormalities associated with AIDS. Its principal toxic effect is dose-dependent suppression of bone marrow, resulting in anemia and leukopenia.. zidovudine : A pyrimidine 2',3'-dideoxyribonucleoside compound having a 3'-azido substituent and thymine as the nucleobase.	3.26	6	0	azide; pyrimidine 2',3'-dideoxyribonucleoside	antimetabolite; antiviral drug; HIV-1 reverse transcriptase inhibitor
7-ethoxycoumarin 7-ethoxycoumarin : A member of the class of coumarins that is umbelliferone in which the hydroxy group at position 7 is replaced by an ethoxy group.	1.98	1	0	aromatic ether; coumarins
acetylgalactosamine Acetylgalactosamine: The N-acetyl derivative of galactosamine.	1.99	1	0	N-acetyl-D-hexosamine; N-acetylgalactosamine	Escherichia coli metabolite; human metabolite; mouse metabolite
5,7-dihydroxytryptamine 5,7-Dihydroxytryptamine: Tryptamine substituted with two hydroxyl groups in positions 5 and 7. It is a neurotoxic serotonin analog that destroys serotonergic neurons preferentially and is used in neuropharmacology as a tool.	3.36	7	0
pirprofen pirprofen: anti-inflammatory agent used in therapy of rheumatoid arthritis; prostaglandin synthetase inhibitor; more potent than indomethacin; structure	2.05	1	0	pyrroline
tobramycin Tobramycin: An aminoglycoside, broad-spectrum antibiotic produced by Streptomyces tenebrarius. It is effective against gram-negative bacteria, especially the PSEUDOMONAS species. It is a 10% component of the antibiotic complex, NEBRAMYCIN, produced by the same species.. tobramycin : A amino cyclitol glycoside that is kanamycin B lacking the 3-hydroxy substituent from the 2,6-diaminoglucose ring.	2.92	4	0	amino cyclitol glycoside	antibacterial agent; antimicrobial agent; toxin
paclitaxel Taxus: Genus of coniferous yew trees or shrubs, several species of which have medicinal uses. Notable is the Pacific yew, Taxus brevifolia, which is used to make the anti-neoplastic drug taxol (PACLITAXEL).	7.21	34	1	taxane diterpenoid; tetracyclic diterpenoid	antineoplastic agent; human metabolite; metabolite; microtubule-stabilising agent
etoposide [no description available]	3.52	8	0	beta-D-glucoside; furonaphthodioxole; organic heterotetracyclic compound	antineoplastic agent; DNA synthesis inhibitor
substance p [no description available]	14.04	237	2	peptide	neurokinin-1 receptor agonist; neurotransmitter; vasodilator agent
isoproturon isoproturon : A member of the class of phenylureas that is 1,1-dimethylurea substituted by a p-cumenyl group at position 3. A selective, systemic herbicide used to control annual grasses and broadleaf weeds in cereals, its use within the EU has been banned after September 2017 on the grounds of potential groundwater contamination and risks to aquatic life; there have also been concerns about its endocrine-disrupting properties.	2.13	1	0	3-(3,4-substituted-phenyl)-1,1-dimethylurea	agrochemical; environmental contaminant; herbicide; xenobiotic
dobutamine Dobutamine: A catecholamine derivative with specificity for BETA-1 ADRENERGIC RECEPTORS. It is commonly used as a cardiotonic agent after CARDIAC SURGERY and during DOBUTAMINE STRESS ECHOCARDIOGRAPHY.. dobutamine : A catecholamine that is 4-(3-aminobutyl)phenol in which one of the hydrogens attached to the nitrogen is substituted by a 2-(3,4-dihydroxyphenyl)ethyl group. A beta1-adrenergic receptor agonist that has cardiac stimulant action without evoking vasoconstriction or tachycardia, it is used as the hydrochloride to increase the contractility of the heart in the management of acute heart failure.	2.81	3	0	catecholamine; secondary amine	beta-adrenergic agonist; cardiotonic drug; sympathomimetic agent
5,6-dihydroxy-2-dimethylaminotetralin 5,6-dihydroxy-2-dimethylaminotetralin: RN given refers to parent cpd; structure	2.11	1	0	tetralins
2,4,5,2',4',5'-hexachlorobiphenyl [no description available]	2.45	2	0	hexachlorobiphenyl
2,2',3',4,4',5-hexachlorobiphenyl [no description available]	2.75	3	0	polychlorobiphenyl
pcb 180 PCB 180: C12-H3-Cl7	2.75	3	0	polychlorobiphenyl
2,5,2',5'-tetrachlorobiphenyl 2,2',5,5'-tetrachlorobiphenyl : A tetrachlorobiphenyl that is biphenyl in which the hydrogens at the 2 and 5 position of each benzene ring are replaced by chlorines.	2.96	4	0	dichlorobenzene; tetrachlorobiphenyl
butaclamol [no description available]	2.44	2	0	amino alcohol; organic heteropentacyclic compound; tertiary alcohol; tertiary amino compound	dopaminergic antagonist
ribavirin Rebetron: Rebetron is tradename	2.49	2	0	1-ribosyltriazole; aromatic amide; monocarboxylic acid amide; primary carboxamide	anticoronaviral agent; antiinfective agent; antimetabolite; antiviral agent; EC 2.7.7.49 (RNA-directed DNA polymerase) inhibitor
amikacin Amikacin: A broad-spectrum antibiotic derived from KANAMYCIN. It is reno- and oto-toxic like the other aminoglycoside antibiotics.. amikacin : An amino cyclitol glycoside that is kanamycin A acylated at the N-1 position by a 4-amino-2-hydroxybutyryl group.	2.05	1	0	alpha-D-glucoside; amino cyclitol glycoside; aminoglycoside; carboxamide	antibacterial drug; antimicrobial agent; nephrotoxin
phorbol 12,13-dibutyrate Phorbol 12,13-Dibutyrate: A phorbol ester found in CROTON OIL which, in addition to being a potent skin tumor promoter, is also an effective activator of calcium-activated, phospholipid-dependent protein kinase (protein kinase C). Due to its activation of this enzyme, phorbol 12,13-dibutyrate profoundly affects many different biological systems.	4.85	34	0	butyrate ester; phorbol ester; tertiary alpha-hydroxy ketone
fluorescamine Fluorescamine: A nonfluorescent reagent for the detection of primary amines, peptides and proteins. The reaction products are highly fluorescent.	2.39	2	0
ticrynafen Ticrynafen: A novel diuretic with uricosuric action. It has been proposed as an antihypertensive agent.. tienilic acid : An aromatic ketone that is 2,3-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid in which the hydrogen at position 4 on the benzene ring is replaced by a thiophenecarbonyl group. A loop diuretic used to treat hypertension, it was withdrawn from the market in 1982 due to links with hepatitis.	2.05	1	0	aromatic ether; aromatic ketone; dichlorobenzene; monocarboxylic acid; thiophenes	antihypertensive agent; hepatotoxic agent; loop diuretic
methyldopa Methyldopa: An alpha-2 adrenergic agonist that has both central and peripheral nervous system effects. Its primary clinical use is as an antihypertensive agent.. alpha-methyl-L-dopa : A derivative of L-tyrosine having a methyl group at the alpha-position and an additional hydroxy group at the 3-position on the phenyl ring.	2.69	3	0	L-tyrosine derivative; non-proteinogenic L-alpha-amino acid	alpha-adrenergic agonist; antihypertensive agent; hapten; peripheral nervous system drug; sympatholytic agent
bezafibrate [no description available]	2.05	1	0	aromatic ether; monocarboxylic acid amide; monocarboxylic acid; monochlorobenzenes	antilipemic drug; environmental contaminant; geroprotector; xenobiotic
sq-11725 Nadolol: A non-selective beta-adrenergic antagonist with a long half-life, used in cardiovascular disease to treat arrhythmias, angina pectoris, and hypertension. Nadolol is also used for MIGRAINE DISORDERS and for tremor.. nadolol : Nadolol is a diastereoisomeric mixture consisting of equimolar amounts of the four possible 2,3-cis-isomers of 5-[3-(tert-butylamino)-2-hydroxypropoxy]-1,2,3,4-tetrahydronaphthalene-2,3-diol.	2.42	2	0
diltiazem Diltiazem: A benzothiazepine derivative with vasodilating action due to its antagonism of the actions of CALCIUM ion on membrane functions.. diltiazem : A 5-[2-(dimethylamino)ethyl]-2-(4-methoxyphenyl)-4-oxo-2,3,4,5-tetrahydro-1,5-benzothiazepin-3-yl acetate in which both stereocentres have S configuration. A calcium-channel blocker and vasodilator, it is used as the hydrochloride in the management of angina pectoris and hypertension.	4.6	26	0	5-[2-(dimethylamino)ethyl]-2-(4-methoxyphenyl)-4-oxo-2,3,4,5-tetrahydro-1,5-benzothiazepin-3-yl acetate	antihypertensive agent; calcium channel blocker; vasodilator agent
1-methyl-4-phenylpyridinium 1-Methyl-4-phenylpyridinium: An active neurotoxic metabolite of 1-METHYL-4-PHENYL-1,2,3,6-TETRAHYDROPYRIDINE. The compound reduces dopamine levels, inhibits the biosynthesis of catecholamines, depletes cardiac norepinephrine and inactivates tyrosine hydroxylase. These and other toxic effects lead to cessation of oxidative phosphorylation, ATP depletion, and cell death. The compound, which is related to PARAQUAT, has also been used as an herbicide.. N-methyl-4-phenylpyridinium : A pyridinium ion that is N-methylpyridinium having a phenyl substituent at the 4-position.	4.98	38	0	pyridinium ion	apoptosis inducer; herbicide; human xenobiotic metabolite; neurotoxin
vecuronium bromide Vecuronium Bromide: Monoquaternary homolog of PANCURONIUM. A non-depolarizing neuromuscular blocking agent with shorter duration of action than pancuronium. Its lack of significant cardiovascular effects and lack of dependence on good kidney function for elimination as well as its short duration of action and easy reversibility provide advantages over, or alternatives to, other established neuromuscular blocking agents.. vecuronium bromide : The organic bromide salt of a 5alpha-androstane compound having 3alpha-acetoxy-, 17beta-acetoxy-, 2beta-piperidinino- and 16beta-N-methylpiperidinium substituents.	2.68	3	0	organic bromide salt; quaternary ammonium salt	muscle relaxant; neuromuscular agent; nicotinic antagonist
vx VX nerve agent : A organic thiophosphate that is the ethyl ester of S-{2-[di(propan-2-yl)amino]ethyl} O hydrogen methylphosphonothioate. A toxic nerve agent used in chemical warfare.	3.12	5	0	organic thiophosphate; tertiary amino compound	EC 3.1.1.7 (acetylcholinesterase) inhibitor; neurotoxin
ng-nitroarginine methyl ester NG-Nitroarginine Methyl Ester: A non-selective inhibitor of nitric oxide synthase. It has been used experimentally to induce hypertension.	7.51	121	0	alpha-amino acid ester; L-arginine derivative; methyl ester; N-nitro compound	EC 1.14.13.39 (nitric oxide synthase) inhibitor
benoxaprofen benoxaprofen: RN given refers to parent cpd; structure. benoxaprofen : A monocarboxylic acid that is propionic acid substituted at position 2 by a 2-(4-chlorophenyl)-1,3-benzoxazol-5-yl group. It was used as a non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug until 1982 when it was withdrawn from the market due to adverse side-effects including liver necrosis, photosensitivity, and carcinogenicity in animals.	2.05	1	0	1,3-benzoxazoles; monocarboxylic acid; monochlorobenzenes	antipsoriatic; antipyretic; EC 1.13.11.34 (arachidonate 5-lipoxygenase) inhibitor; hepatotoxic agent; nephrotoxin; non-narcotic analgesic; non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug; protein kinase C agonist
deoxynivalenol deoxynivalenol : A trichothecene mycotoxin produced by Fusarium to which wheat, barley, maize (corn) and their products are susceptible to contamination.	3.01	4	0	cyclic ketone; enone; primary alcohol; secondary alpha-hydroxy ketone; trichothecene; triol	mycotoxin
permethrin hemoglobin Atlanta-Coventry: Leu replaced by Pro at beta75 and Leu deleted at beta141	3.41	7	0	cyclopropanecarboxylate ester; cyclopropanes	agrochemical; ectoparasiticide; pyrethroid ester acaricide; pyrethroid ester insecticide; scabicide
chlorodiphenyl (54% chlorine) Chlorodiphenyl (54% Chlorine): A mixture of polychlorinated biphenyls that induces hepatic microsomal UDP-glucuronyl transferase activity towards thyroxine.. Aroclor 1254 : A mixture of polychlorobiphenyls of unspecified composition, containing 54% chlorine (X = Cl or H).	3.85	3	0
quisqualic acid Quisqualic Acid: An agonist at two subsets of excitatory amino acid receptors, ionotropic receptors that directly control membrane channels and metabotropic receptors that indirectly mediate calcium mobilization from intracellular stores. The compound is obtained from the seeds and fruit of Quisqualis chinensis.	16.15	435	0	non-proteinogenic alpha-amino acid
decamethrin decamethrin: pyrethroid insecticide; RN given refers to cpd without isomeric designation; structure	3.27	6	0	aromatic ether; cyclopropanecarboxylate ester; nitrile; organobromine compound	agrochemical; antifeedant; calcium channel agonist; EC 3.1.3.16 (phosphoprotein phosphatase) inhibitor; pyrethroid ester insecticide
pirfenidone pirfenidone : A pyridone that is 2-pyridone substituted at positions 1 and 5 by phenyl and methyl groups respectively. An anti-inflammatory drug used for the treatment of idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis.	2.05	1	0	pyridone	antipyretic; non-narcotic analgesic; non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug
6-hydroxy-2,5,7,8-tetramethylchroman-2-carboxylic acid [no description available]	3.81	11	0	chromanol; monocarboxylic acid; phenols	antioxidant; ferroptosis inhibitor; neuroprotective agent; radical scavenger; Wnt signalling inhibitor
1-carboxyglutamic acid 1-Carboxyglutamic Acid: Found in various tissues, particularly in four blood-clotting proteins including prothrombin, in kidney protein, in bone protein, and in the protein present in various ectopic calcifications.	6.04	22	0
desogestrel Desogestrel: A synthetic progestational hormone used often as the progestogenic component of combined oral contraceptive agents (ORAL CONTRACEPTIVES, COMBINED).	2.05	1	0	17beta-hydroxy steroid; terminal acetylenic compound	contraceptive drug; progestin; synthetic oral contraceptive
a(2)c [no description available]	1.97	1	0
3,3',5,5'-tetramethylbenzidine T1023: radioprotective NO-Synthase Inhibitor	2.67	3	0
impromidine Impromidine: A highly potent and specific histamine H2 receptor agonist. It has been used diagnostically as a gastric secretion indicator.	1.97	1	0
muzolimine Muzolimine: A pyrazole diuretic with long duration and high capacity of action. It was proposed for kidney failure and hypertension but was withdrawn worldwide because of severe neurological effects.	2.05	1	0	dichlorobenzene
butibufen butibufen: RN given refers to parent cpd	1.96	1	0	monoterpenoid
sufentanil Sufentanil: An opioid analgesic that is used as an adjunct in anesthesia, in balanced anesthesia, and as a primary anesthetic agent.. sufentanil : An anilide resulting from the formal condensation of the aryl amino group of 4-(methoxymethyl)-N-phenyl-1-[2-(2-thienyl)ethyl]piperidin-4-amine with propanoic acid.	3.56	2	0	anilide; ether; piperidines; thiophenes	anaesthesia adjuvant; intravenous anaesthetic; mu-opioid receptor agonist; opioid analgesic
torsemide Torsemide: A pyridine and sulfonamide derivative that acts as a sodium-potassium chloride symporter inhibitor (loop diuretic). It is used for the treatment of EDEMA associated with CONGESTIVE HEART FAILURE; CHRONIC RENAL INSUFFICIENCY; and LIVER DISEASES. It is also used for the management of HYPERTENSION.. torasemide : An N-sulfonylurea obtained by formal condensation of [(3-methylphenyl)amino]pyridine-3-sulfonic acid with the free amino group of N-isopropylurea. It is a potent loop diuretic used for the treatment of hypertension and edema in patients with congestive heart failure.	2.38	2	0	aminopyridine; N-sulfonylurea; secondary amino compound	antihypertensive agent; loop diuretic
epirubicin Epirubicin: An anthracycline which is the 4'-epi-isomer of doxorubicin. The compound exerts its antitumor effects by interference with the synthesis and function of DNA.	2.77	3	0	aminoglycoside; anthracycline antibiotic; anthracycline; deoxy hexoside; monosaccharide derivative; p-quinones; primary alpha-hydroxy ketone; tertiary alpha-hydroxy ketone	antimicrobial agent; antineoplastic agent; EC 5.99.1.3 [DNA topoisomerase (ATP-hydrolysing)] inhibitor
desflurane Desflurane: A fluorinated ether that is used as a volatile anesthetic for maintenance of general anesthesia.	2.98	4	0	organofluorine compound	inhalation anaesthetic
thiazolidine-2-carboxylic acid thiazolidine-2-carboxylic acid: RN given refers to parent cpd; structure. thiazolidine-2-carboxylic acid : A thiazolidinemonocarboxylic acid that is 1,3-thiazolidine substituted by a carboxy group at position 2.	1.96	1	0	thiazolidinemonocarboxylic acid
enkephalin, methionine Enkephalin, Methionine: One of the endogenous pentapeptides with morphine-like activity. It differs from LEU-ENKEPHALIN by the amino acid METHIONINE in position 5. Its first four amino acid sequence is identical to the tetrapeptide sequence at the N-terminal of BETA-ENDORPHIN.	6.32	37	0
piperacillin Piperacillin: Semisynthetic, broad-spectrum, AMPICILLIN derived ureidopenicillin antibiotic proposed for PSEUDOMONAS infections. It is also used in combination with other antibiotics.. piperacillin : A penicillin in which the substituent at position 6 of the penam ring is a 2-[(4-ethyl-2,3-dioxopiperazin-1-yl)carboxamido]-2-phenylacetamido group.	2.05	1	0	penicillin allergen; penicillin	antibacterial drug
paroxetine Paroxetine: A serotonin uptake inhibitor that is effective in the treatment of depression.. paroxetine : A benzodioxole that consists of piperidine bearing 1,3-benzodioxol-5-yloxy)methyl and 4-fluorophenyl substituents at positions 3 and 4 respectively; the (3S,4R)-diastereomer. Highly potent and selective 5-HT uptake inhibitor that binds with high affinity to the serotonin transporter (Ki = 0.05 nM). Ki values are 1.1, 350 and 1100 nM for inhibition of [3H]-5-HT, [3H]-l-NA and [3H]-DA uptake respectively. Displays minimal affinity for alpha1-, alpha2- or beta-adrenoceptors, 5-HT2A, 5-HT1A, D2 or H1 receptors at concentrations below 1000 nM, however displays weak affinity for muscarinic ACh receptors (Ki = 42 nM). Antidepressant and anxiolytic in vivo.	6.18	14	0	aromatic ether; benzodioxoles; organofluorine compound; piperidines	antidepressant; anxiolytic drug; hepatotoxic agent; P450 inhibitor; serotonin uptake inhibitor
captopril Captopril: A potent and specific inhibitor of PEPTIDYL-DIPEPTIDASE A. It blocks the conversion of ANGIOTENSIN I to ANGIOTENSIN II, a vasoconstrictor and important regulator of arterial blood pressure. Captopril acts to suppress the RENIN-ANGIOTENSIN SYSTEM and inhibits pressure responses to exogenous angiotensin.. captopril : A L-proline derivative in which L-proline is substituted on nitrogen with a (2S)-2-methyl-3-sulfanylpropanoyl group. It is used as an anti-hypertensive ACE inhibitor drug.	3.52	8	0	alkanethiol; L-proline derivative; N-acylpyrrolidine; pyrrolidinemonocarboxylic acid	antihypertensive agent; EC 3.4.15.1 (peptidyl-dipeptidase A) inhibitor
progabide progabide: GABA agonist; structure	1.97	1	0	diarylmethane
cefoperazone Cefoperazone: Semisynthetic broad-spectrum cephalosporin with a tetrazolyl moiety that is resistant to beta-lactamase. It may be used to treat Pseudomonas infections.. cefoperazone : A semi-synthetic parenteral cephalosporin with a tetrazolyl moiety that confers beta-lactamase resistance.	2.68	3	0	cephalosporin	antibacterial drug
foscarnet sodium trisodium phosphonoformate : The trisodium salt of phosphonoformic acid. It is used as an antiviral agent in the treatment of cytomegalovirus retinitis (CMV retinitis, an inflamation of the retina that can lead to blindness) and as an alternative to ganciclovir for AIDS patients who require concurrent antiretroviral therapy but are unable to tolerate ganciclovir due to haematological toxicity.	2.05	1	0	one-carbon compound; organic sodium salt	antiviral drug
ethylcholine aziridinium ethylcholine aziridinium: causes passive avoidance deficits	4.47	7	0
atracurium Atracurium: A non-depolarizing neuromuscular blocking agent with short duration of action. Its lack of significant cardiovascular effects and its lack of dependence on good kidney function for elimination provide clinical advantage over alternate non-depolarizing neuromuscular blocking agents.. atracurium : A diester compound consisting of pentane-1,5-diol with both hydroxyls bearing 3-[1-(3,4-dimethoxybenzyl)-6,7-dimethoxy-2-methyl-3,4-dihydroisoquinolinium-2(1H)-yl]propanoyl groups.	1.98	1	0	diester; quaternary ammonium ion	muscle relaxant; nicotinic antagonist
gabapentin-lactam gabapentin-lactam: structure in first source	2	1	0	azaspiro compound
moxalactam Moxalactam: Broad- spectrum beta-lactam antibiotic similar in structure to the CEPHALOSPORINS except for the substitution of an oxaazabicyclo moiety for the thiaazabicyclo moiety of certain CEPHALOSPORINS. It has been proposed especially for the meningitides because it passes the blood-brain barrier and for anaerobic infections.. moxalactam : A broad-spectrum oxacephem antibiotic in which the oxazine ring is substituted with a tetrazolylthiomethyl group and the azetidinone ring carries methoxy and 2-carboxy-2-(4-hydroxyphenyl)acetamido substituents.	2.67	3	0	cephalosporin; oxacephem	antibacterial drug
nicorandil Nicorandil: A derivative of the NIACINAMIDE that is structurally combined with an organic nitrate. It is a potassium-channel opener that causes vasodilatation of arterioles and large coronary arteries. Its nitrate-like properties produce venous vasodilation through stimulation of guanylate cyclase.. nicorandil : A pyrimidinecarboxamide that is nicotinamide in which one of the hydrogens attached to the carboxamide nitrogen is replaced by a 2-(nitrooxy)ethyl group. It has both nitrate-like and ATP-sensitive potassium channel activator properties, and is used for the prevention and treatment of angina pectoris.	2.72	3	0	nitrate ester; pyridinecarboxamide	potassium channel opener; vasodilator agent
pergolide Pergolide: A long-acting dopamine agonist which has been used to treat PARKINSON DISEASE and HYPERPROLACTINEMIA but withdrawn from some markets due to potential for HEART VALVE DISEASES.. pergolide : A diamine that is ergoline in which the beta-hydrogen at position 8 is replaced by a (methylthio)methyl group and the hydrogen attached to the piperidine nitrogen (position 6) is replaced by a propyl group. A dopamine D2 receptor agonist which also has D1 and D2 agonist properties, it is used as the mesylate salt in the management of Parkinson's disease, although it was withdrawn from the U.S. and Canadian markets in 2007 due to an increased risk of cardiac valve dysfunction.	2.69	3	0	diamine; methyl sulfide; organic heterotetracyclic compound	antiparkinson drug; dopamine agonist
colforsin Colforsin: Potent activator of the adenylate cyclase system and the biosynthesis of cyclic AMP. From the plant COLEUS FORSKOHLII. Has antihypertensive, positive inotropic, platelet aggregation inhibitory, and smooth muscle relaxant activities; also lowers intraocular pressure and promotes release of hormones from the pituitary gland.	6.03	111	0	acetate ester; cyclic ketone; labdane diterpenoid; organic heterotricyclic compound; tertiary alpha-hydroxy ketone; triol	adenylate cyclase agonist; anti-HIV agent; antihypertensive agent; plant metabolite; platelet aggregation inhibitor; protein kinase A agonist
cefadroxil anhydrous Cefadroxil: Long-acting, broad-spectrum, water-soluble, CEPHALEXIN derivative.. cefadroxil : A cephalosporin bearing methyl and (2R)-2-amino-2-(4-hydroxyphenyl)acetamido groups at positions 3 and 7, respectively, of the cephem skeleton.	2.05	1	0	cephalosporin	antibacterial drug
encainide Encainide: One of the ANTI-ARRHYTHMIA AGENTS, it blocks VOLTAGE-GATED SODIUM CHANNELS and slows conduction within the His-Purkinje system and MYOCARDIUM.. encainide : 4-Methoxy-N-phenylbenzamide in which the hydrogen at the 2 position of the phenyl group is substituted by a 2-(1-methylpiperidin-2-yl)ethyl group. A class Ic antiarrhythmic, the hydrochloride was used for the treatment of severe or life-threatening ventricular arrhythmias, but it was associated with increased death rates in patients who had asymptomatic heart rhythm abnormalities after a recent heart attack and was withdrawn from the market.	2.05	1	0	benzamides; piperidines	anti-arrhythmia drug; sodium channel blocker
glu-p-2 Glu-P-2: RN given refers to parent cpd	2.88	4	0	imidazopyridine
2-amino-6-methyldipyrido(1,2-a-3',2'-d)imidazole 2-amino-6-methyldipyrido(1,2-a-3',2'-d)imidazole: structure	2.88	4	0	imidazopyridine
buserelin Buserelin: A potent synthetic analog of GONADOTROPIN-RELEASING HORMONE with D-serine substitution at residue 6, glycine10 deletion, and other modifications.	1.99	1	0	oligopeptide
tiotidine tiotidine: UD gives slightly different structure for this cpd; RN given refers to parent cpd; structure in first source	2.08	1	0	thiazoles
cefaclor anhydrous Cefaclor: Semisynthetic, broad-spectrum antibiotic derivative of CEPHALEXIN.. cefaclor : A cephalosporin bearing chloro and (R)-2-amino-2-phenylacetamido groups at positions 3 and 7, respectively, of the cephem skeleton.	2.05	1	0	cephalosporin	antibacterial drug; drug allergen
daurisoline daurisoline: antiarrhythmic from Menispermun dahuricum; structure in first source	2.9	4	0	isoquinolines
alfentanil Alfentanil: A short-acting opioid anesthetic and analgesic derivative of FENTANYL. It produces an early peak analgesic effect and fast recovery of consciousness. Alfentanil is effective as an anesthetic during surgery, for supplementation of analgesia during surgical procedures, and as an analgesic for critically ill patients.. alfentanil : A member of the class of piperidines that is piperidine having a 2-(4-ethyl-5-oxo-4,5-dihydro-1H-tetrazol-1-yl)ethyl group at the 1-position as well as N-phenylpropanamido- and methoxymethyl groups at the 4-position.	1.98	1	0	monocarboxylic acid amide; piperidines	central nervous system depressant; intravenous anaesthetic; mu-opioid receptor agonist; opioid analgesic; peripheral nervous system drug
fomesafen fomesafen: a protoporphyrinogen oxidase-inhibiting herbicide. fomesafen : An N-sulfonylcarboxamide that is N-(methylsulfonyl)benzamide in which the phenyl ring is substituted by a nitro group at position 2 and a 2-chloro-4-(trifluoromethyl)phenoxy group at position 5. A protoporphyrinogen oxidase inhibitor, it was specially developed for use (generally as the corresponding sodium salt, fomesafen-sodium) for post-emergence control of broad-leaf weeds in soya.	10.18	161	1	aromatic ether; C-nitro compound; monochlorobenzenes; N-sulfonylcarboxamide; organofluorine compound; phenols	agrochemical; EC 1.3.3.4 (protoporphyrinogen oxidase) inhibitor; herbicide
fenoxycarb fenoxycarb: used against mosquitoes (Diptera:Culicidae); structure given in first source. fenoxycarb : A carbamate ester that is the O-ethyl carbamate of 2-(4-phenoxyphenoxy)ethylamine.	2.52	2	0	aromatic ether; carbamate ester	environmental contaminant; insecticide; juvenile hormone mimic; xenobiotic
miglustat miglustat: a glucosylceramide synthase inhibitor. miglustat : A hydroxypiperidine that is deoxynojirimycin in which the amino hydrogen is replaced by a butyl group.	2.05	1	0	piperidines; tertiary amino compound	anti-HIV agent; EC 2.4.1.80 (ceramide glucosyltransferase) inhibitor
swainsonine Swainsonine: An indolizidine alkaloid from the plant Swainsona canescens that is a potent alpha-mannosidase inhibitor. Swainsonine also exhibits antimetastatic, antiproliferative, and immunomodulatory activity.. swainsonine : An indolizidine alkaloid isolated from the plant Swainsona canescens with three hydroxy substituents at positions 1, 2 and 8.	2.06	1	0	indolizidine alkaloid	antineoplastic agent; EC 3.2.1.114 (mannosyl-oligosaccharide 1,3-1,6-alpha-mannosidase) inhibitor; immunological adjuvant; plant metabolite
haloperidol decanoate [no description available]	2.46	2	0	organic molecular entity
cefotetan Cefotetan: A semisynthetic cephamycin antibiotic that is administered intravenously or intramuscularly. The drug is highly resistant to a broad spectrum of beta-lactamases and is active against a wide range of both aerobic and anaerobic gram-positive and gram-negative microorganisms.. cefotetan : A semi-synthetic second-generation cephamycin antibiotic with [(1-methyl-1H-tetrazol-5-yl)sulfanyl]methyl, methoxy and {[4-(2-amino-1-carboxy-2-oxoethylidene)-1,3-dithietan-2-yl]carbonyl}amino groups at the 3, 7alpha, and 7beta positions, respectively, of the cephem skeleton. It is resistant to a wide range of beta-lactamases and is active against a broad spectrum of aerobic and anaerobic Gram-positive and Gram-negative microorganisms.	2.05	1	0
lovastatin Lovastatin: A fungal metabolite isolated from cultures of Aspergillus terreus. The compound is a potent anticholesteremic agent. It inhibits 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl coenzyme A reductase (HYDROXYMETHYLGLUTARYL COA REDUCTASES), which is the rate-limiting enzyme in cholesterol biosynthesis. It also stimulates the production of low-density lipoprotein receptors in the liver.. lovastatin : A fatty acid ester that is mevastatin carrying an additional methyl group on the carbobicyclic skeleton. It is used in as an anticholesteremic drug and has been found in fungal species such as Aspergillus terreus and Pleurotus ostreatus (oyster mushroom).	3.53	8	0	delta-lactone; fatty acid ester; hexahydronaphthalenes; polyketide; statin (naturally occurring)	anticholesteremic drug; antineoplastic agent; Aspergillus metabolite; prodrug
flupirtine flupirtine: RN given refers to parent cpd without isomeric designation	3.09	5	0	aminopyridine
milacemide milacemide: ampakine activity at AMPA Receptors; structure given in first source	6.07	5	1
denzimol denzimol: structure in first source	1.97	1	0
enoximone Enoximone: A selective phosphodiesterase inhibitor with vasodilating and positive inotropic activity that does not cause changes in myocardial oxygen consumption. It is used in patients with CONGESTIVE HEART FAILURE.	2.05	1	0	aromatic ketone
piritrexim piritrexim: RN given refers to parent cpd; structure given in first source	2.05	1	0
levocabastine levocabastine: for the temporary relief of the signs and symptoms of seasonal allergic conjunctivitis	2.73	3	0	piperidines
simvastatin Simvastatin: A derivative of LOVASTATIN and potent competitive inhibitor of 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl coenzyme A reductase (HYDROXYMETHYLGLUTARYL COA REDUCTASES), which is the rate-limiting enzyme in cholesterol biosynthesis. It may also interfere with steroid hormone production. Due to the induction of hepatic LDL RECEPTORS, it increases breakdown of LDL CHOLESTEROL.. simvastatin : A member of the class of hexahydronaphthalenes that is lovastatin in which the 2-methylbutyrate ester moiety has been replaced by a 2,2-dimethylbutyrate ester group. It is used as a cholesterol-lowering and anti-cardiovascular disease drug.	4.96	8	1	delta-lactone; fatty acid ester; hexahydronaphthalenes; statin (semi-synthetic)	EC 1.1.1.34/EC 1.1.1.88 (hydroxymethylglutaryl-CoA reductase) inhibitor; EC 3.4.24.83 (anthrax lethal factor endopeptidase) inhibitor; ferroptosis inducer; geroprotector; prodrug
idazoxan Idazoxan: A benzodioxane-linked imidazole that has alpha-2 adrenoceptor antagonist activity.. idazoxan : A benzodioxine that is 2,3-dihydro-1,4-benzodioxine in which one of the hydrogens at position 2 has been replaced by a 4,5-dihydro-1H-imidazol-2-yl group.	3.73	10	0	benzodioxine; imidazolines	alpha-adrenergic antagonist
remoxipride Remoxipride: An antipsychotic agent that is specific for dopamine D2 receptors. It has been shown to be effective in the treatment of schizophrenia.	1.99	1	0	dimethoxybenzene
quinpirole Quinpirole: A dopamine D2/D3 receptor agonist.. quinpirole : A pyrazoloquinoline that is (4aR,8aR)-4,4a,5,6,7,8,8a,9-octahydro-1H-pyrazolo[3,4-g]quinoline substituted by a propyl group at position 5. It acts as a dopamine agonist.	5.19	47	0	pyrazoloquinoline	dopamine agonist
pravastatin Pravastatin: An antilipemic fungal metabolite isolated from cultures of Nocardia autotrophica. It acts as a competitive inhibitor of HMG CoA reductase (HYDROXYMETHYLGLUTARYL COA REDUCTASES).. pravastatin : A carboxylic ester resulting from the formal condensation of (S)-2-methylbutyric acid with the hydroxy group adjacent to the ring junction of (3R,5R)-7-[(1S,2S,6S,8S,8aR)-6,8-dihydroxy-2-methyl-1,2,6,7,8,8a-hexahydronaphthalen-1-yl]-3,5-dihydroxyheptanoic acid. Derived from microbial transformation of mevastatin, pravastatin is a reversible inhibitor of 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-coenzyme A (HMG-CoA). The sodium salt is used for lowering cholesterol and preventing cardiovascular disease. It is one of the lower potency statins, but has the advantage of fewer side effects compared with lovastatin and simvastatin.	2.72	3	0	3-hydroxy carboxylic acid; carbobicyclic compound; carboxylic ester; hydroxy monocarboxylic acid; secondary alcohol; statin (semi-synthetic)	anticholesteremic drug; environmental contaminant; metabolite; xenobiotic
imazaquin imazaquin: RN given refer to parent cpd. imazaquin : A racemate comprising equimolar amounts of (R)- and (S)-imazaquin. It is a pre- and post-emergence herbicide used for the control of grasses and broad-leaved weeds.. 2-[4-methyl-5-oxo-4-(propan-2-yl)-4,5-dihydro-1H-imidazol-2-yl]quinoline-3-carboxylic acid : A quinolinemonocarboxylic acid that is quinoline-3-carboxylic acid which is substituted by a 4-methyl-5-oxo-4-(propan-2-yl)-4,5-dihydro-1H-imidazol-2-yl group at position 2.	2.08	1	0	imidazolone; monocarboxylic acid; quinolinemonocarboxylic acid
cabergoline Cabergoline: An ergoline derivative and dopamine D2-agonist that inhibits PROLACTIN secretion. It is used in the management of HYPERPROLACTINEMIA, and to suppress lactation following childbirth for medical reasons. Cabergoline is also used in the management of PARKINSON DISEASE.. cabergoline : An N-acylurea that is (8R)-ergoline-8-carboxamide in which the hydrogen attached to the piperidine nitrogen (position 6) is substituted by an allyl group and the hydrogens attached to the carboxamide nitrogen are substituted by a 3-(dimethylamino)propyl group and an N-ethylcarbamoyl group. A dopamine D2 receptor agonist, cabergoline is used in the management of Parkinson's disease and of disorders associated with hyperprolactinaemia.	2.1	1	0	N-acylurea	antineoplastic agent; antiparkinson drug; dopamine agonist
atomoxetine hydrochloride Atomoxetine Hydrochloride: A propylamine derivative and selective ADRENERGIC UPTAKE INHIBITOR that is used in the treatment of ATTENTION DEFICIT HYPERACTIVITY DISORDER.. atomoxetine hydrochloride : The hydrochloride salt of atomoxetine.	2.97	4	0	hydrochloride	adrenergic uptake inhibitor; antidepressant
quinapril Quinapril: A tetrahydroisoquinoline derivative and ANGIOTENSIN CONVERTING ENZYME inhibitor that is used in the treatment of HYPERTENSION and HEART FAILURE.. quinapril : A member of the class of isoquinolines that is (3S)-2-L-alanyl-1,2,3,4-tetrahydroisoquinoline-3-carboxylic acid in which the alpha-amino group of the alanyl residue has been substituted by a 1-ethoxycarbonyl-4-phenylbutan-2-yl group (the all-S isomer). A prodrug for quinaprilat (by hydrolysis of the ethyl ester to the corresponding carboxylic acid), it is used as an angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor (ACE inhibitor) used (generally as the hydrochloride salt) for the treatment of hypertension and congestive heart failure.	2.05	1	0	dicarboxylic acid monoester; ethyl ester; isoquinolines; tertiary carboxamide	antihypertensive agent; EC 3.4.15.1 (peptidyl-dipeptidase A) inhibitor; prodrug
raloxifene hydrochloride Raloxifene Hydrochloride: A second generation selective estrogen receptor modulator (SERM) used to prevent osteoporosis in postmenopausal women. It has estrogen agonist effects on bone and cholesterol metabolism but behaves as a complete estrogen antagonist on mammary gland and uterine tissue.. raloxifene hydrochloride : A hydrochloride salt resulting from the reaction of equimolar amounts of raloxifene and hydrogen chloride.	3.89	4	0	hydrochloride	bone density conservation agent; estrogen antagonist; estrogen receptor modulator
gepirone gepirone: RN given refers to parent cpd; structure given in first source	2.05	1	0	N-arylpiperazine
mifepristone Mifepristone: A progestational and glucocorticoid hormone antagonist. Its inhibition of progesterone induces bleeding during the luteal phase and in early pregnancy by releasing endogenous prostaglandins from the endometrium or decidua. As a glucocorticoid receptor antagonist, the drug has been used to treat hypercortisolism in patients with nonpituitary CUSHING SYNDROME.	4.53	23	0	3-oxo-Delta(4) steroid; acetylenic compound; tertiary amino compound	abortifacient; contraceptive drug; hormone antagonist; synthetic oral contraceptive
quinpirole hydrochloride [no description available]	2	1	0
temelastine [no description available]	1.98	1	0	pyrimidone
dopexamine dopexamine: RN given refers to parent cpd; structure given in first source	3.39	1	1	catecholamine
spiradoline spiradoline: RN given refers to (5alpha,7alpha,8beta)-(+-)-isomer; structure given in first source	2.39	2	0
ractopamine ractopamine: veterinary growth stimulant. ractopamine : A diastereoisomeric mixture of approximately equal amounts of all four possible diastereoisomers of 4-(1-hydroxy-2-{[4-(4-hydroxyphenyl)butan-2-yl]amino}ethyl)phenol. A beta-adrenergic agonist, it is used (generally as the hydrochloride salt) as a feed additive for use in pigs and other livestock to promote protein deposition, resulting in leaner meat. The R,R diastereoisomer, butopamine, is responsible for most of the leanness-enhancing effects. While use of ractopamine has been banned in over 120 countries including throughout the EU, in the US it used in an estimated 80% of all beef, pork and turkey production.. 4-(1-hydroxy-2-{[4-(4-hydroxyphenyl)butan-2-yl]amino}ethyl)phenol : A secondary amino compound that is 4-(2-amino-1-hydroxyethyl)phenol in which one of the hydrogens attached to the nitrogen is replaced by a 4-(p-hydroxyphenyl)butan-2-yl group.	2.17	1	0	benzyl alcohols; polyphenol; secondary alcohol; secondary amino compound
antineoplaston a10 antineoplaston A10: peptide analogue isolated from human urine	1.99	1	0
fluorodopa f 18 fluorodopa F 18: RN given refers to (L)-isomer	3.45	2	0	(18)F radiopharmaceutical; 6-fluoro-L-dopa
salmeterol xinafoate Salmeterol Xinafoate: A selective ADRENERGIC BETA-2 RECEPTOR agonist that functions as a BRONCHODILATOR when administered by inhalation. It is used to manage the symptoms of ASTHMA and CHRONIC OBSTRUCTIVE PULMONARY DISEASE.	3.38	1	1	naphthoic acid
ranolazine Ranolazine: An acetanilide and piperazine derivative that functions as a SODIUM CHANNEL BLOCKER and prevents the release of enzymes during MYOCARDIAL ISCHEMIA. It is used in the treatment of ANGINA PECTORIS.. N-(2,6-dimethylphenyl)-2-{4-[2-hydroxy-3-(2-methoxyphenoxy)propyl]piperazin-1-yl}acetamide : An aromatic amide obtained by formal condensation of the carboxy group of 2-{4-[2-hydroxy-3-(2-methoxyphenoxy)propyl]piperazin-1-yl}acetic acid with the amino group of 2,6-dimethylaniline.. ranolazine : A racemate comprising equal amounts of (R)- and (S)-ranolazine. Used for treatment of chronic angina.	1.99	1	0	aromatic amide; monocarboxylic acid amide; monomethoxybenzene; N-alkylpiperazine; secondary alcohol
ipsapirone [no description available]	2.02	1	0	N-arylpiperazine
fura-2 Fura-2: A fluorescent calcium chelating agent which is used to study intracellular calcium in tissues.	6.12	123	0
quinelorane quinelorane: LY 175887 is dextrorotary isomer; LY 137157 is a racemic mixture	2.91	4	0	quinazolines
eticlopride eticlopride: blocks dopamine-D2 binding sites; structure given in first source; RN given refers to (S)-isomer	3.52	8	0	salicylamides
flesinoxan [no description available]	1.97	1	0
n 0437, (-)-isomer rotigotine: Antiparkinson Agent and dopamine receptor agonist; structure given in first source; RN given refers to cpd without isomeric designation	2.1	1	0	tetralins
esmolol methyl 3-{4-[2-hydroxy-3-(propan-2-ylamino)propoxy]phenyl}propanoate : A methyl ester that is methyl 3-(4-hydroxyphenyl)propanoate in which the hydrogen attached to the phenolic hydroxy group is substituted by a 2-hydroxy-3-(isopropylamino)propyl group.. esmolol : A racemate comprising equimolar amounts of (R)- and (S)-esmolol. A cardioselective and short-acting beta1 receptor blocker with rapid onset but lacking intrinsic sympathomimetic and membrane-stabilising properties, it is used as the hydrochloride salt in the management of supraventricular arrhythmias, and for the control of hypertension and tachycardia during surgery. While the S enantiomer possesses all of the heart rate control, both enantiomers contribute to lowering blood pressure.	2.06	1	0	aromatic ether; ethanolamines; methyl ester; secondary alcohol; secondary amino compound
sabeluzole sabeluzole: structure given in first source	2.39	2	0	benzothiazoles
sertindole sertindole : A phenylindole that is 1H-indole which is substituted on the nitrogen by a p-chlorophenyl group, at position 5 by chlorine, and at position 3 by a piperidin-4-yl group, which is itself substituted on the nitrogen by a 2-(2-oxoimidazolidin-1-yl)ethyl group.	2.75	3	0	heteroarylpiperidine; imidazolidinone; organochlorine compound; organofluorine compound; phenylindole	alpha-adrenergic antagonist; H1-receptor antagonist; second generation antipsychotic; serotonergic antagonist
sparfloxacin [no description available]	2.05	1	0	fluoroquinolone antibiotic; N-arylpiperazine; quinolinemonocarboxylic acid; quinolone antibiotic; quinolone
zileuton [no description available]	2.48	2	0	1-benzothiophenes; ureas	anti-asthmatic drug; EC 1.13.11.34 (arachidonate 5-lipoxygenase) inhibitor; ferroptosis inhibitor; leukotriene antagonist; non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug
remacemide remacemide: structure given in first source	2.39	2	0	stilbenoid
clopidogrel Clopidogrel: A ticlopidine analog and platelet purinergic P2Y receptor antagonist that inhibits adenosine diphosphate-mediated PLATELET AGGREGATION. It is used to prevent THROMBOEMBOLISM in patients with ARTERIAL OCCLUSIVE DISEASES; MYOCARDIAL INFARCTION; STROKE; or ATRIAL FIBRILLATION.. clopidogrel : A thienopyridine that is 4,5,6,7-tetrahydrothieno[3,2-c]pyridine in which the hydrogen attached to the nitrogen is replaced by an o-chlorobenzyl group, the methylene hydrogen of which is replaced by a methoxycarbonyl group (the S enantiomer). A P2Y12 receptor antagonist, it is used to inhibit blood clots and prevent heart attacks.	2.05	1	0	methyl ester; monochlorobenzenes; thienopyridine	anticoagulant; P2Y12 receptor antagonist; platelet aggregation inhibitor
cidofovir anhydrous Cidofovir: An acyclic nucleoside phosphonate that acts as a competitive inhibitor of viral DNA polymerases. It is used in the treatment of RETINITIS caused by CYTOMEGALOVIRUS INFECTIONS and may also be useful for treating HERPESVIRUS INFECTIONS.. cidofovir anhydrous : Cytosine substituted at the 1 position by a 3-hydroxy-2-(phosphonomethoxy)propyl group (S configuration). A nucleoside analogue, it is an injectable antiviral used for the treatment of cytomegalovirus (CMV) retinitis in AIDS patients.	2.05	1	0	phosphonic acids; pyrimidone	anti-HIV agent; antineoplastic agent; antiviral drug; photosensitizing agent
tiagabine Tiagabine: A nipecotic acid derivative that acts as a GABA uptake inhibitor and anticonvulsant agent. It is used in the treatment of EPILEPSY, for refractory PARTIAL SEIZURES.. tiagabine : A piperidinemonocarboxylic acid that is (R)-nipecotic acid in which the hydrogen attached to the nitrogen has been replaced by a 1,1-bis(3-methyl-2-thienyl)but-1-en-4-yl group. A GABA reuptake inhibitor, it is used (generally as the hydrochloride salt) for the treatment of epilepsy.	5.03	7	0	beta-amino acid; piperidinemonocarboxylic acid; tertiary amino compound; thiophenes	anticonvulsant; GABA reuptake inhibitor
mibefradil Mibefradil: A benzimidazoyl-substituted tetraline that selectively binds and inhibits CALCIUM CHANNELS, T-TYPE.	2.45	2	0	tetralins	T-type calcium channel blocker
bimakalim bimakalim: potassium channel activator	1.99	1	0
topotecan Topotecan: An antineoplastic agent used to treat ovarian cancer. It works by inhibiting DNA TOPOISOMERASES, TYPE I.. topotecan : A pyranoindolizinoquinoline used as an antineoplastic agent. It is a derivative of camptothecin and works by binding to the topoisomerase I-DNA complex and preventing religation of these 328 single strand breaks.	2.04	1	0	pyranoindolizinoquinoline	antineoplastic agent; EC 5.99.1.2 (DNA topoisomerase) inhibitor
eliprodil 1-(4-chlorophenyl)-2-[4-(4-fluorobenzyl)piperidin-1-yl]ethanol : A member of the class of piperidines that is piperidine substituted by a 2-(4-chlorophenyl)-2-hydroxyethyl group at position 1 and by a 4-fluorobenzyl group at position 4.	4.19	5	0	monochlorobenzenes; monofluorobenzenes; piperidines; secondary alcohol; tertiary amino compound
bromfenac bromfenac: bromfenac sodium is the active cpd; structure in first source. bromfenac : Amfenac in which the the hydrogen at the 4 position of the benzoyl group is substituted by bromine. It is used for the management of ocular pain and treatment of postoperative inflammation in patients who have undergone cataract extraction. It was withdrawn from the US market in 1998, following concerns over off-label abuse and hepatic failure.	2.05	1	0	aromatic amino acid; benzophenones; organobromine compound; substituted aniline	non-narcotic analgesic; non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug
gemcitabine gemcitabine : A 2'-deoxycytidine having geminal fluoro substituents in the 2'-position. An inhibitor of ribonucleotide reductase, gemcitabine is used in the treatment of various carcinomas, particularly non-small cell lung cancer, pancreatic cancer, bladder cancer and breast cancer.	2.72	2	0	organofluorine compound; pyrimidine 2'-deoxyribonucleoside	antimetabolite; antineoplastic agent; antiviral drug; DNA synthesis inhibitor; EC 1.17.4.1 (ribonucleoside-diphosphate reductase) inhibitor; environmental contaminant; immunosuppressive agent; photosensitizing agent; prodrug; radiosensitizing agent; xenobiotic
enadoline enadoline: kappa-opioid receptor agonist; RN given refers to cpd without isomeric designation; PD 129290 (CAM 570; CI 977) is the S,S(-)-enantiomer; PD 129289 (CAM 569) is the corresponding R,R(+)-enantiomer	3.49	8	0
mivazerol mivazerol: structure given in first source	2.4	2	0
aripiprazole Aripiprazole: A piperazine and quinolone derivative that is used primarily as an antipsychotic agent. It is a partial agonist of SEROTONIN RECEPTOR, 5-HT1A and DOPAMINE D2 RECEPTORS, where it also functions as a post-synaptic antagonist, and an antagonist of SEROTONIN RECEPTOR, 5-HT2A. It is used for the treatment of SCHIZOPHRENIA and BIPOLAR DISORDER, and as an adjunct therapy for the treatment of depression.. aripiprazole : An N-arylpiperazine that is piperazine substituted by a 4-[(2-oxo-1,2,3,4-tetrahydroquinolin-7-yl)oxy]butyl group at position 1 and by a 2,3-dichlorophenyl group at position 4. It is an antipsychotic drug used for the treatment of Schizophrenia, and other mood disorders.	5.72	10	0	aromatic ether; delta-lactam; dichlorobenzene; N-alkylpiperazine; N-arylpiperazine; quinolone	drug metabolite; H1-receptor antagonist; second generation antipsychotic; serotonergic agonist
sipatrigine sipatrigine: a glutamate release inhibitor which protects against focal cerebral ischemic damage	5.32	7	0	pyrimidines
remifentanil Remifentanil: A piperidine-propionate derivative and opioid analgesic structurally related to FENTANYL. It functions as a short-acting MU OPIOID RECEPTOR agonist, and is used as an analgesic during induction or maintenance of general anesthesia, following surgery, during childbirth, and in mechanically ventilated patients under intensive care.. remifentanil : A piperidinecarboxylate ester that is methyl piperidine-4-carboxylate in which the hydrogen attached to the nitrogen is substituted by a 3-methoxy-3-oxopropyl group and the hydrogen at position 4 is substituted the nitrogen of N-propanoylaniline.	2.72	3	0	alpha-amino acid ester; anilide; monocarboxylic acid amide; piperidinecarboxylate ester	intravenous anaesthetic; mu-opioid receptor agonist; opioid analgesic; sedative
atorvastatin [no description available]	4.61	9	0	aromatic amide; dihydroxy monocarboxylic acid; monofluorobenzenes; pyrroles; statin (synthetic)	environmental contaminant; xenobiotic
lamivudine [no description available]	2.45	2	0	monothioacetal; nucleoside analogue; oxacycle; primary alcohol	allergen; anti-HBV agent; antiviral drug; EC 2.7.7.49 (RNA-directed DNA polymerase) inhibitor; HIV-1 reverse transcriptase inhibitor; prodrug
duloxetine [no description available]	2.05	1	0	duloxetine
irinotecan [no description available]	7.51	2	0	carbamate ester; delta-lactone; N-acylpiperidine; pyranoindolizinoquinoline; ring assembly; tertiary alcohol; tertiary amino compound	antineoplastic agent; apoptosis inducer; EC 5.99.1.2 (DNA topoisomerase) inhibitor; prodrug
valsartan Valsartan: A tetrazole derivative and ANGIOTENSIN II TYPE 1 RECEPTOR BLOCKER that is used to treat HYPERTENSION.. valsartan : A monocarboxylic acid amide consisting of L-valine in which the amino hydrogens have been replaced by a pentanoyl and a [2'-(1H-tetrazol-5-yl)biphenyl]-4-yl]methyl group. It exhibits antihypertensive activity.	2.71	3	0	biphenylyltetrazole; monocarboxylic acid amide; monocarboxylic acid	angiotensin receptor antagonist; antihypertensive agent; environmental contaminant; xenobiotic
zanamivir Zanamivir: A guanido-neuraminic acid that is used to inhibit NEURAMINIDASE.	3.79	3	0	guanidines	antiviral agent; EC 3.2.1.18 (exo-alpha-sialidase) inhibitor
zolmitriptan zolmitriptan: an antimigraine compound; a serotonin (5HT)-1D receptor agonist. zolmitriptan : A member of the class of tryptamines that is N,N-dimethyltryptamine in which the hydrogen at position 5 of the indole ring has been replaced by a [(4S)-2-oxo-1,3-oxazolidin-4-yl]methyl group. A serotonin 5-HT1 B and D receptor agonist, it is used for the treatment of migraine.	2.55	2	0	oxazolidinone; tryptamines	anti-inflammatory drug; serotonergic agonist; vasoconstrictor agent
adefovir dipivoxil bis(pivaloyloxymethyl)-9-(2-phosphonylmethoxyethyl)adenine: structure given in first source. adefovir pivoxil : An organic phosphonate that is the dipivoxil ester of adefovir. A prodrug for adefovir, an HIV-1 reverse transcriptase inhibitor, adefovir pivoxil is used to treat chronic hepatitis B viral infection.	2.05	1	0	6-aminopurines; carbonate ester; ether; organic phosphonate	antiviral drug; DNA synthesis inhibitor; HIV-1 reverse transcriptase inhibitor; nephrotoxic agent; prodrug
capecitabine Capecitabine: A deoxycytidine derivative and fluorouracil PRODRUG that is used as an ANTINEOPLASTIC ANTIMETABOLITE in the treatment of COLON CANCER; BREAST CANCER and GASTRIC CANCER.. capecitabine : A carbamate ester that is cytidine in which the hydrogen at position 5 is replaced by fluorine and in which the amino group attached to position 4 is converted into its N-(penyloxy)carbonyl derivative. Capecitabine is a antineoplastic agent used in the treatment of cancers.	2.05	1	0	carbamate ester; cytidines; organofluorine compound	antimetabolite; antineoplastic agent; prodrug
adenosine quinquefolan B: isolated from roots of Panax quinquefolium L.; RN not in Chemline 10/87; RN from Toxlit	18.39	286	1	adenosines; purines D-ribonucleoside	analgesic; anti-arrhythmia drug; fundamental metabolite; human metabolite; vasodilator agent
n-butyllithium [no description available]	2.11	1	0
safranal safranal: a monoterpene aldehyde; one of the main components responsible for the aroma of saffron; structure given in first source. safranal : A monoterpenoid formally derived from beta-cyclocitral by dehydrogenation.	2.49	2	0	monoterpenoid
4-pentenoic acid 4-pentenoic acid: inhibitor of fatty acid oxidation; RN given refers to parent cpd. pent-4-enoic acid : A pentenoic acid having the double bond at position 4.	1.96	1	0	pentenoic acid
nitroaniline nitroaniline: RN given refers to cpd with unspecified locant for nitro moiety. nitroaniline : A substituted aniline that carries one or more nitro groups.	2	1	0
ferric citrate ferric citrate: RN given refers to Fe(+3)[1:1] salt. iron(III) citrate : An iron chelate resulting from the combination of iron(3+) and citrate(3-).	2.41	2	0	iron chelate	anti-anaemic agent; nutraceutical
3-n-butylphthalide 3-n-butylphthalide: isolated from phenolic part of Ligusticum wallichii Franch; structure given in first source	2.55	2	0	benzofurans
pyranine pyranine: structure	2	1	0	organic sodium salt	fluorochrome
gadolinium chloride gadolinium chloride: a macrophage inhibitor; reduces pulmonary injury and inflammatory mediator production induced by inhaled ozone	2.7	3	0	gadolinium coordination entity	TRP channel blocker
d-lactic acid (R)-lactic acid : An optically active form of lactic acid having (R)-configuration.	2.93	4	0	2-hydroxypropanoic acid	Escherichia coli metabolite; human metabolite
monoammonium molybdate ammonium molybdate: RN given refers to unspecified ammonium molybdate salt. ammonium molybdate : An ammonium salt composed of ammonium and molybdate ions in a 2:1 ratio.	1.96	1	0	ammonium salt	poison
vanadates Vanadates: Oxyvanadium ions in various states of oxidation. They act primarily as ion transport inhibitors due to their inhibition of Na(+)-, K(+)-, and Ca(+)-ATPase transport systems. They also have insulin-like action, positive inotropic action on cardiac ventricular muscle, and other metabolic effects.. vanadate(3-) : A vanadium oxoanion that is a trianion with formula VO4 in which the vanadium is in the +5 oxidation state and is attached to four oxygen atoms.	5.71	26	0	trivalent inorganic anion; vanadium oxoanion	EC 3.1.3.1 (alkaline phosphatase) inhibitor; EC 3.1.3.16 (phosphoprotein phosphatase) inhibitor; EC 3.1.3.41 (4-nitrophenylphosphatase) inhibitor; EC 3.1.3.48 (protein-tyrosine-phosphatase) inhibitor
dimethylhydrazines Dimethylhydrazines: Hydrazines substituted with two methyl groups in any position.	2.36	2	0
2,5-dimethoxy-4-bromoamphetamine 2,5-dimethoxy-4-bromoamphetamine: RN given refers to (alpha)-isomer; a serotonin agonist that interferes with Meth A tumor growth in mice by selective vasoconstrictive action	2.11	1	0
cathinone cathinone: alkaloid from khat shrub, Catha edulis; RN given refers to parent cpd without isomeric designation. cathinone : The S stereoisomer of 2-aminopropiophenone.	2.31	1	0	2-aminopropiophenone; monoamine alkaloid	central nervous system stimulant; psychotropic drug
acridine orange Acridine Orange: A cationic cytochemical stain specific for cell nuclei, especially DNA. It is used as a supravital stain and in fluorescence cytochemistry. It may cause mutations in microorganisms.. acridine orange : Fluorescent dye useful for cell cycle determination. It is cell-permeable, and interacts with DNA and RNA by intercalation or electrostatic attractions respectively.. acridine orange free base : A member of the class of aminoacridines that is acridine carrying two dimethylamino substituents at positions 3 and 6. The hydrochloride salt is the fluorescent dye 'acridine orange', used for cell cycle determination.	3.63	9	0	aminoacridines; aromatic amine; tertiary amino compound	fluorochrome; histological dye
4-ethylguaiacol 4-ethylguaiacol: a constituent of wood creosote; suppresses intestinal smooth muscle contraction	2.03	1	0	methoxybenzenes; phenols
isothiocyanic acid [no description available]	2.15	1	0	hydracid; one-carbon compound
potassium phosphate potassium phosphate: used in dental materials and to treat hypophosphatemia; RN given refers to cpd with unspecified MF. tripotassium phosphate : An inorganic potassium salt that is the tripotassium salt of phosphoric acid.	2.36	2	0	inorganic phosphate salt; inorganic potassium salt
rubidium chloride rubidium chloride : An inorganic chloride composed of rubidium and chloride ions in a 1:1 ratio.	2.21	1	0	inorganic chloride; rubidium molecular entity	antidepressant; biomarker
caloreen caloreen: glucose polymer with average length of five glucose units for dietary energy supplement. dextrin : Glucans produced by the hydrolysis of starch or glycogen. They are mixtures of polymers of D-glucose units linked by alpha(1->4) or alpha(1->6) glycosidic bonds.	2.69	3	0
tenocyclidine tenocyclidine : A tertiary amino compound that consists of cyclohexane having piperidin-1-yl and thiophen-2-yl groups attached at position 1. A dissociative anaesthetic drug with halluccinogenic and stimulant effects. Its effects are similar to those of phencyclidine (PCP, an analogue with the thienyl group replaced by phenyl), but it is rather more potent.	5.07	43	0	piperidines; tertiary amino compound; thiophenes	central nervous system stimulant; hallucinogen; neuroprotective agent; NMDA receptor antagonist
halofuginone [no description available]	2.05	1	0	quinazolines
venlafaxine hydrochloride Venlafaxine Hydrochloride: A cyclohexanol and phenylethylamine derivative that functions as a SEROTONIN AND NORADRENALINE REUPTAKE INHIBITOR (SNRI) and is used as an ANTIDEPRESSIVE AGENT.	3.33	6	0	hydrochloride
trazodone hydrochloride Triticum: A plant genus of the family POACEAE that is the source of EDIBLE GRAIN. A hybrid with rye (SECALE CEREALE) is called TRITICALE. The seed is ground into FLOUR and used to make BREAD, and is the source of WHEAT GERM AGGLUTININS.. trazodone hydrochloride : A hydrochloride salt prepared from equimolar amounts of trazodone and hydrogen chloride.	5.86	30	0	hydrochloride	adrenergic antagonist; antidepressant; H1-receptor antagonist; sedative; serotonin uptake inhibitor
ortho-cept ethinyl estradiol-desogestrel combination: Ethinyl Estradiol and Desogestrell given in fixed proportions; has proved to be an effective & well-tolerated oral contraceptive, which improves cycle control & has a beneficial effect on acne	2.05	1	0
cefprozil [no description available]	2.05	1	0	cephalosporin; semisynthetic derivative	antibacterial drug
4-[1-[4-[2-(dimethylamino)ethoxy]phenyl]-2-phenylbut-1-enyl]phenol [no description available]	2.05	1	0	stilbenoid
3,4,5,3',4'-pentachlorobiphenyl 3,3',4,4',5-pentachlorobiphenyl : A pentachlorobiphenyl in which the chlorines are located at the 3, 4, 5, 3', and 4' positions.	2.71	3	0	pentachlorobiphenyl; trichlorobenzene
efavirenz efavirenz: HIV-1 reverse transcriptase inhibitor. efavirenz : 1,4-Dihydro-2H-3,1-benzoxazin-2-one substituted at the 4 position by cyclopropylethynyl and trifluoromethyl groups (S configuration) and at the 6 position by chlorine. A non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor with activity against HIV, it is used with other antiretrovirals for combination therapy of HIV infection.	3.06	4	0	acetylenic compound; benzoxazine; cyclopropanes; organochlorine compound; organofluorine compound	antiviral drug; HIV-1 reverse transcriptase inhibitor
nelfinavir Nelfinavir: A potent HIV protease inhibitor. It is used in combination with other antiviral drugs in the treatment of HIV in both adults and children.. nelfinavir : An aryl sulfide that is used (as its mesylate salt) for treatment of HIV and also exhibits some anticancer properties.	2.05	1	0	aryl sulfide; benzamides; organic heterobicyclic compound; phenols; secondary alcohol; tertiary amino compound	antineoplastic agent; HIV protease inhibitor
tetramethylenedisulfotetramine tetramethylenedisulfotetramine: induces convulsions; inhibitor of GABA; structure	2.85	3	0
adamantylamide-alanyl-isoglutamine adamantylamide-alanyl-isoglutamine: RN from Toxline	1.98	1	0
doxapram hydrochloride [no description available]	2.05	1	0	hydrochloride	central nervous system stimulant
glucose, (beta-d)-isomer beta-D-glucose : D-Glucopyranose with beta configuration at the anomeric centre.. (1->4)-beta-D-glucan : A beta-D-glucan in which the glucose units are connected by (1->4) linkages.. (1->3)-beta-D-glucan : A beta-D-glucan in which the glucose units are connected by (1->3) linkages.	5.41	57	0	D-glucopyranose	epitope; mouse metabolite
lanthanum chloride lanthanum chloride: RN given refers to parent cpd	3.37	7	0
2',7'-dichlorofluorescein 2',7'-dichlorofluorescein: RN given refers to parent cpd	2.69	3	0	2-benzofurans	fluorochrome
3-aminoisobutyric acid 3-aminoisobutyric acid: RN given refers to cpd without isomeric designation. 3-aminoisobutyric acid : A beta-amino-acid that is isobutyric acid in which one of the methyl hydrogens is substituted by an amino group.	1.97	1	0	amino acid zwitterion; beta-amino acid	metabolite
iodonitrotetrazolium iodonitrotetrazolium chloride : An organic chloride salt having iodonitrotetrazolium as the counterion.. iodonitrotetrazolium : An organic cation that is the cationic component of iodonitrotetrazolium violet.	2.44	2	0	organic chloride salt	histological dye
1,5-anhydroglucitol 1,5-anhydroglucitol: structure. 1,5-anhydro-D-glucitol : An anhydro sugar of D-glucitol.	2.05	1	0	anhydro sugar	human metabolite
norharman norharman: RN given refers to parent cpd. beta-carboline : The parent compound of the beta-carbolines, a tricyclic structure comprising an indole ring system ortho- fused to C-3 and C-4 of a pyridine ring.	7.03	1	0	beta-carbolines; mancude organic heterotricyclic parent	fungal metabolite; marine metabolite
thiazolyl blue thiazolyl blue: RN & II refers to bromide. 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide : The bromide salt of 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium.	6.48	68	0	organic bromide salt	colorimetric reagent; dye
thymidine 5'-triphosphate thymidine 5'-triphosphate: RN given refers to parent cpd. dTTP : A thymidine phosphate having a triphosphate group at the 5'-position.	2.74	3	0	pyrimidine 2'-deoxyribonucleoside 5'-triphosphate; thymidine phosphate	Escherichia coli metabolite; mouse metabolite
3-methylhistidine 3-methylhistidine: marker for myofibrillar-protein breakdown; RN given refers to (L)-isomer. 3-methylhistidine : A methylhistidine in which the methyl group is located at N-3.. N(pros)-methyl-L-histidine : A L-histidine derivative that is L-histidine substituted by a methyl group at position 3 on the imidazole ring.	4.3	1	1	L-histidine derivative; non-proteinogenic L-alpha-amino acid; zwitterion	human metabolite; Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite
betulinic acid [no description available]	2.51	2	0	hydroxy monocarboxylic acid; pentacyclic triterpenoid	anti-HIV agent; anti-inflammatory agent; antimalarial; antineoplastic agent; EC 5.99.1.3 [DNA topoisomerase (ATP-hydrolysing)] inhibitor; plant metabolite
arctigenin arctigenin: precursor to catechols; in many plants	2.01	1	0	lignan
baicalin [no description available]	3.28	6	0	dihydroxyflavone; glucosiduronic acid; glycosyloxyflavone; monosaccharide derivative	antiatherosclerotic agent; antibacterial agent; anticoronaviral agent; antineoplastic agent; antioxidant; cardioprotective agent; EC 2.7.7.48 (RNA-directed RNA polymerase) inhibitor; EC 3.4.21.26 (prolyl oligopeptidase) inhibitor; ferroptosis inhibitor; neuroprotective agent; non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug; plant metabolite; prodrug
tsao-t [no description available]	2	1	0
1-(2',5'-bis-o-(tert-butyldimethylsilylribofuranosyl)-3-n-methylthymine)-3'-spiro-5''-(4''-amino-1'',2''-oxathiole-2'',2''-dioxide) 1-(2',5'-bis-O-(tert-butyldimethylsilylribofuranosyl)-3-N-methylthymine)-3'-spiro-5''-(4''-amino-1'',2''-oxathiole-2'',2''-dioxide): structure given in first source; specific against HIV-1 replication	2	1	0
plerixafor plerixafor: a bicyclam derivate, highly potent & selective inhibitor of HIV-1 & HIV-2. plerixafor : An azamacrocycle consisting of two cyclam rings connected by a 1,4-phenylenebis(methylene) linker. It is a CXCR4 chemokine receptor antagonist and a hematopoietic stem cell mobilizer. It is used in combination with grulocyte-colony stimulating factor (G-CSF) to mobilize hematopoietic stem cells to the perpheral blood for collection and subsequent autologous transplantation in patients with non-Hodgkin's lymphoma and multiple myeloma.	2.72	3	0	azacycloalkane; azamacrocycle; benzenes; crown amine; secondary amino compound; tertiary amino compound	anti-HIV agent; antineoplastic agent; C-X-C chemokine receptor type 4 antagonist; immunological adjuvant
amprenavir [no description available]	2.45	2	0	carbamate ester; sulfonamide; tetrahydrofuryl ester	antiviral drug; HIV protease inhibitor
oseltamivir Oseltamivir: An acetamido cyclohexene that is a structural homolog of SIALIC ACID and inhibits NEURAMINIDASE.. oseltamivir : A cyclohexenecarboxylate ester that is the ethyl ester of oseltamivir acid. An antiviral prodrug (it is hydrolysed to the active free carboxylic acid in the liver), it is used to slow the spread of influenza.	7.47	2	0	acetamides; amino acid ester; cyclohexenecarboxylate ester; primary amino compound	antiviral drug; EC 3.2.1.18 (exo-alpha-sialidase) inhibitor; environmental contaminant; prodrug; xenobiotic
allicin [no description available]	2.11	1	0	botanical anti-fungal agent; sulfoxide	antibacterial agent
5-methylcytosine 5-Methylcytosine: A methylated nucleotide base found in eukaryotic DNA. In ANIMALS, the DNA METHYLATION of CYTOSINE to form 5-methylcytosine is found primarily in the palindromic sequence CpG. In PLANTS, the methylated sequence is CpNpGp, where N can be any base.. 5-methylcytosine : A pyrimidine that is a derivative of cytosine, having a methyl group at the 5-position.	2.49	2	0	methylcytosine; pyrimidines	human metabolite
thionine thionine: do not confuse with the thionins which is a class of polypeptides; RN above is for the chloride;. thionine : An organic chloride salt composed of 3,7-diaminophenothiazin-5-ium and chloride ions in a 1:1 ratio. A strongly metachromatic dye, useful for the staining of acid mucopolysaccharides. It is also a common nuclear stain and can be used for the demonstration of Nissl substance in nerve cells of the CNS.	2.71	3	0
diacetylfluorescein [no description available]	2.4	2	0
2',3'-dideoxythymidine triphosphate ddTTP : A pyrimidine 2',3'-dideoxyribonucleoside 5'-triphosphate having thymine as the nucleobase.	1.98	1	0	pyrimidine 2',3'-dideoxyribonucleoside 5'-triphosphate; thymidine phosphate
2'-deoxyuridylic acid 2'-deoxyuridylic acid: RN given refers to parent cpd	2.91	4	0	deoxyuridine phosphate; pyrimidine 2'-deoxyribonucleoside 5'-monophosphate	Escherichia coli metabolite; metabolite; mouse metabolite
epigallocatechin gallate epigallocatechin gallate: a steroid 5alpha-reductase inhibitor and antimutagen in green tea (Camellia sinensis). (-)-epigallocatechin 3-gallate : A gallate ester obtained by the formal condensation of gallic acid with the (3R)-hydroxy group of (-)-epigallocatechin.	3.3	6	0	flavans; gallate ester; polyphenol	antineoplastic agent; antioxidant; apoptosis inducer; geroprotector; Hsp90 inhibitor; neuroprotective agent; plant metabolite
n-acetylaspartic acid N-acetyl-L-aspartic acid : An N-acyl-L-aspartic acid in which the acyl group is specified as acetyl.	20.22	558	33	N-acetyl-L-amino acid; N-acyl-L-aspartic acid	antioxidant; human metabolite; mouse metabolite; nutraceutical; rat metabolite
4-(2-pyridylazo)resorcinol 4-(2-pyridylazo)resorcinol: RN given refers to parent cpd	2.02	1	0
homocitrulline L-homocitrulline : A L-lysine derivative that is L-lysine having a carbamoyl group at the N(6)-position. It is found in individuals with urea cycle disorders.	1.96	1	0	amino acid zwitterion; L-lysine derivative; non-proteinogenic L-alpha-amino acid; ureas	human metabolite; mouse metabolite
cholesteryl sulfate cholesteryl sulfate: component of human seminal plasma & spermatozoa; RN given refers to (3beta)-isomer. cholesterol sulfate : A steroid sulfate that is cholesterol substituted by a sulfoxy group at position 3.	2.21	1	0	steroid sulfate	human metabolite
fluorexon fluorexon: structure	2.95	4	0	xanthene dye	fluorochrome
cholesteryl succinate cholesteryl succinate: RN given refers to (3beta)-isomer. cholesteryl hemisuccinate : A dicarboxylic acid monoester resulting from the formal condensation of the hydroxy group of cholesterol with one of the carboxy groups of succinic acid. A detergent that is often used to replace cholesterol in protein crystallography, biochemical studies of proteins, and pharmacology.	2.31	1	0	cholestane ester; dicarboxylic acid monoester; hemisuccinate	detergent
2,4-diaminoquinazoline [no description available]	3.06	1	0
2'-deoxycytidine 5'-triphosphate 2'-deoxycytidine 5'-triphosphate: RN given refers to unlabeled parent cpd	2.72	3	0	2'-deoxycytidine phosphate; pyrimidine 2'-deoxyribonucleoside 5'-triphosphate	Escherichia coli metabolite; human metabolite; mouse metabolite
norvaline norvaline: differs from valine in being 1 carbon longer instead of branched; RN given refers to (L)-isomer; structure. L-2-aminopentanoic acid : A 2-aminopentanoic acid that has S-configuration.	3.29	6	0	2-aminopentanoic acid; L-alpha-amino acid zwitterion	bacterial metabolite; hypoglycemic agent; neuroprotective agent
leucine methyl ester leucine methyl ester: RN given refers to (L-Leu)-isomer. methyl L-leucinate : The methyl ester of L-leucine.	2.06	1	0	alpha-amino acid ester; L-leucine derivative; methyl ester
phosphoramidic acid phosphoramidic acid: urease inhibitor; RN given refers to parent cpd; structure; do not confuse with phosphoramidites, which are organophosphorus compounds	2.15	1	0	phosphoric acid derivative
aica ribonucleotide AICA ribonucleotide: purine precursor that has antineoplastic activity. AICA ribonucleotide : A 1-(phosphoribosyl)imidazolecarboxamide that is acadesine in which the hydroxy group at the 5' position has been converted to its monophosphate derivative.	2.05	1	0	1-(phosphoribosyl)imidazolecarboxamide; aminoimidazole	cardiovascular drug; Escherichia coli metabolite; human metabolite; mouse metabolite; plant metabolite; Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite
4-nitrophenylgalactoside 4-nitrophenylgalactoside: RN refers to (beta-D)-isomer. 4-nitrophenyl-beta-D-galactoside : A beta-D-galactopyranoside having a 4-nitrophenyl substituent at the anomeric position.	2.68	3	0	beta-D-galactoside; monosaccharide derivative	affinity label
salvin salvin: a biocyclic diterpenoid; from sage and rosemary (Lamiaceae)	2.59	2	0	abietane diterpenoid; carbotricyclic compound; catechols; monocarboxylic acid	angiogenesis modulating agent; anti-inflammatory agent; antineoplastic agent; antioxidant; apoptosis inducer; food preservative; HIV protease inhibitor; plant metabolite
2',5'-dideoxyadenosine [no description available]	2.17	1	0	deoxyribonucleoside
metaperiodate Periodic Acid: A strong oxidizing agent.	2.02	1	0	iodine oxoacid
aspartate-beta-hydroxamate beta-aspartylhydroxamic acid: RN given refers to (DL)-isomer	3.49	8	0
surfactin peptide surfactin peptide: antineoplastic product isolated from Bacillus sp.	2.44	2	0
2-deoxy-2,3-dehydro-n-acetylneuraminic acid 2-deoxy-2,3-dehydro-N-acetylneuraminic acid: also known as NeuAc2en, but this is also synonym for another compound. 2-deoxy-2,3-dehydro-N-acetylneuraminic acid : N-Acetylneuraminic acid reduced across the 2,3-bond with loss of the hydroxy group at C-2; it is a minor component of body fluids although abundant in sialuria.	2.01	1	0	N-acetylneuraminic acids
pyrrolidine dithiocarbamate pyrrolidine dithiocarbamic acid: spelled pyrolidine in J Nutr 1979 reference; RN given refers to parent cpd. pyrrolidine dithiocarbamate : A member of the class of dithiocarbamic acids that is the N-dithiocarboxy derivative of pyrrolidine.	2.41	2	0	dithiocarbamic acids; pyrrolidines	anticonvulsant; antineoplastic agent; geroprotector; neuroprotective agent; NF-kappaB inhibitor; radical scavenger
peroxynitric acid [no description available]	6.21	14	0	nitrogen oxoacid
glutathione disulfide Glutathione Disulfide: A GLUTATHIONE dimer formed by a disulfide bond between the cysteine sulfhydryl side chains during the course of being oxidized.	4.55	24	0	glutathione derivative; organic disulfide	Escherichia coli metabolite; mouse metabolite
3'-azido-3'-deoxythymidine 5'phosphate 3'-azido-3'-deoxythymidine 5'phosphate: inhibits thymidylate kinase	2.03	1	0
hypusine hypusine: N-terminal amino alcohol deriv of Lys occurring in bovine brain & in the urine of children with familial hyperlysinemia; minor descriptor (75-82); online & Index Medicus search LYSINE/AA (75-82). hypusine : An L-lysine derivative that is L-lysine bearing a (2R)-4-amino-2-hydroxybutyl substituent at position N(6).	1.98	1	0
4-nitrobenzylthioinosine 4-nitrobenzylthioinosine: inhibitor of nucleoside transport; acts on ENT1	3.5	8	0	purine nucleoside
4-aminomethylbenzoic acid [no description available]	1.98	1	0	benzoic acids
n-acetylpenicillamine N-acetylpenicillamine: RN given refers to (DL)-isomer. N-acetyl-D-penicillamine : An N-acetyl-D-amino acid where the amino acid is D-penicillamine	2	1	0	N-acetyl-D-amino acid
cephalosporin c cephalosporin C: RN given refers to parent cpd; structure in Merck, 9th ed, #1937. cephalosporin C : A cephalosporin antibiotic carrying a 3-acetoxymethyl substituent and a 6-oxo-N(6)-L-lysino group at position 7.	8.69	10	0	cephalosporin	fungal metabolite
tomatidine tomatidine: RN given refers to (3beta,5alpha,22beta,25S)-isomer; structure. tomatidine : A 3beta-hydroxy steroid resulting from the substitution of the 3beta-hydrogen of tomatidane by a hydroxy group.	2.1	1	0	3beta-hydroxy steroid; azaspiro compound; oxaspiro compound
bendamustine [no description available]	2.05	1	0	benzimidazoles
erdosteine [no description available]	2.05	1	0	N-acyl-amino acid
zatebradine [no description available]	2	1	0	benzazepine
aloxistatin aloxistatin: a membrane-permeable cysteine protease inhibitor. aloxistatin : An L-leucine derivative that is the amide obtained by formal condensation of the carboxy group of (2S,3S)-3-(ethoxycarbonyl)oxirane-2-carboxylic acid with the amino group of N-(3-methylbutyl)-L-leucinamide.	2.1	1	0	epoxide; ethyl ester; L-leucine derivative; monocarboxylic acid amide	anticoronaviral agent; cathepsin B inhibitor
caroverine caroverine: structure	4.46	5	1	quinoxaline derivative
atrinositol [no description available]	2.4	2	0
eltoprazine eltoprazine: RN given refers to parent cpd; suppresses hyperpolarizing responses to serotonin in rat hippocampus	2.42	2	0
mlv 6976 MLV 6976: structure given in first source	3.47	2	0
web 2086 WEB 2086: structure given in first source; PAF antagonist	1.99	1	0	organonitrogen heterocyclic compound; organosulfur heterocyclic compound
fropenem [no description available]	2	1	0	faropenem
mizolastine [no description available]	2.05	1	0	benzimidazoles
nebracetam nebracetam: RN given refers to parent cpd; agonist for muscarinic receptors	2.39	2	0
intoplicine intoplicine: structure in first source	2.05	1	0	pyridoindole
dimiracetam dimiracetam: structure given in first source; an antiamnestic agent	2.41	1	0
raxofelast Raxofelast: prodrug of IRFI-005	2.02	1	0
repaglinide [no description available]	3.44	1	1	piperidines
lubeluzole lubeluzole: a benzothiazole compound; used for the treatment of acute ischemic stroke; R-91154 is the inactive isomer	3.38	7	0	benzothiazoles
telmisartan Telmisartan: A biphenyl compound and benzimidazole derivative that acts as an angiotensin II type 1 receptor antagonist. It is used in the management of HYPERTENSION.. telmisartan : A member of the class of benzimidazoles used widely in the treatment of hypertension.	2.76	3	0	benzimidazoles; biphenyls; carboxybiphenyl	angiotensin receptor antagonist; antihypertensive agent; EC 3.4.15.1 (peptidyl-dipeptidase A) inhibitor; environmental contaminant; xenobiotic
methacycline [no description available]	2.74	3	0	1,2-diglyceride
lumiflavin lumiflavin : A compound showing yellow-green fluorescence, formed by a photolysis of riboflavin in alkaline solution.	2.01	1	0	flavin
dexfenfluramine Dexfenfluramine: The S-isomer of FENFLURAMINE. It is a serotonin agonist and is used as an anorectic. Unlike fenfluramine, it does not possess any catecholamine agonist activity.. (S)-fenfluramine : The S-enantiomer of fenfluramine. It stimulates the release of serotonin and selectively inhibits its reuptake, but unlike fenfluramine it does not possess catecholamine agonist activity. It was formerly given by mouth as the hydrochloride in the treatment of obesity, but, like fenfluramine, was withdrawn wolrdwide following reports of valvular heart defects.	2.42	2	0	fenfluramine	appetite depressant; serotonergic agonist; serotonin uptake inhibitor
2-ethyl-2-oxazoline 2-ethyl-2-oxazoline: structure in first source	2.21	1	0
2-methoxyestradiol 2-methoxy-17beta-estradiol : A 17beta-hydroxy steroid, being 17beta-estradiol methoxylated at C-2.	2.73	3	0	17beta-hydroxy steroid; 3-hydroxy steroid	angiogenesis modulating agent; antimitotic; antineoplastic agent; human metabolite; metabolite; mouse metabolite
naphthalimides Naphthalimides: Compounds with three fused rings that appear like a naphthalene fused to piperidone or like a benz(de)isoquinoline-1,3-dione (not to be confused with BENZYLISOQUINOLINES which have a methyl separating the naphthyl from the benzyl rings). Members are CYTOTOXINS.	2.08	1	0
salicylhydroxamic acid [no description available]	2.01	1	0	hydroxamic acid; phenols	antibacterial drug; EC 1.11.2.2 (myeloperoxidase) inhibitor; EC 3.5.1.5 (urease) inhibitor; trypanocidal drug
laurosept Laurosept: RN given refers to bromide	1.96	1	0
pyrocatechol violet [no description available]	2	1	0
bromosuccinimide Bromosuccinimide: A brominating agent that replaces hydrogen atoms in benzylic or allylic positions. It is used in the oxidation of secondary alcohols to ketones and in controlled low-energy brominations. (From Miall's Dictionary of Chemistry, 5th ed; Hawley's Condensed Chemical Dictionary, 12th ed,).	2.69	3	0	dicarboximide; organobromine compound; pyrrolidinone	reagent
2,4-diaminopyrimidine 2,6-diaminopyrimidine: structure in first source. pyrimidine-2,4-diamine : An aminopyrimidine in which a pyrimidine nucleus is substituted with amino groups at C-2 and C-4.	3.06	1	0	aminopyrimidine
1,7-phenanthroline [no description available]	4.1	15	0	phenanthroline
triazoles Triazoles: Heterocyclic compounds containing a five-membered ring with two carbon atoms and three nitrogen atoms with the molecular formula C2H3N3.. triazoles : An azole in which the five-membered heterocyclic aromatic skeleton contains three N atoms and two C atoms.	8.08	69	1	1,2,3-triazole
1h-tetrazole tetrazole : An azaarene that is a five-membered ring composed of 4 nitrogen and 1 carbon atom.. 2H-tetrazole : A tetrazole tautomer where the proton is located on the 2 position.	1.94	1	0	one-carbon compound; tetrazole
guanidinopropionic acid guanidinopropionic acid: alters creatine metabolism; structure. 3-guanidinopropanoic acid : A guanidine compound bearing an N-(2-carboxyethyl) substituent. It is a creatine analogue that has been found to decreases plasma glucose levels	1.98	1	0	guanidines; zwitterion	hypoglycemic agent
deuteroporphyrin-ix [no description available]	2.02	1	0
pinocembrin pinocembrin : A dihydroxyflavanone in which the two hydroxy groups are located at positions 5 and 7. A natural product found in Piper sarmentosum and Cryptocarya chartacea.	2.47	2	0	(2S)-flavan-4-one; dihydroxyflavanone	antineoplastic agent; antioxidant; metabolite; neuroprotective agent; vasodilator agent
comenic acid comenic acid: an ingredient of Baliz-2 that may have antibacterial and antioxidant activities	2.1	1	0
2-imidazoline 2-imidazoline: RN given refers to parent cpd; structure. imidazoline : An imidazoline compound having the double bond at the 2-position.	2.03	1	0	imidazolines
delphinidin Paraffin: A mixture of solid hydrocarbons obtained from petroleum. It has a wide range of uses including as a stiffening agent in ointments, as a lubricant, and as a topical anti-inflammatory. It is also commonly used as an embedding material in histology.. delphinidin chloride : An anthocyanidin chloride that has delphinidin as the cationic counterpart.	2.1	1	0	anthocyanidin chloride
5,6,7,8-tetrahydro-1-naphthol 5,6,7,8-tetrahydro-1-naphthol : 1-naphthol hydrogenated at C-5, -6, -7 and -8.	2.06	1	0	tetralins
n,n-carbonyldiimidazole [no description available]	2.93	4	0
n-acetyltyrosine N-acetyl-L-tyrosine : An N-acetyltyrosine in which the chiral centre has L configuration.	2.41	2	0	N-acetyltyrosine; N-acyl-L-tyrosine	biomarker; EC 2.1.1.4 (acetylserotonin O-methyltransferase) inhibitor; human urinary metabolite
guanidinoethane sulfonate [no description available]	2.39	2	0	guanidines; organosulfonic acid; zwitterion
nebularine nebularine: structure. nebularine : A purine ribonucleoside that is 9H-purine attached to a beta-D-ribofuranosyl residue at position 9 via a glycosidic (N-glycosyl) linkage.	1.99	1	0	purine ribonucleoside; purines D-ribonucleoside	fungal metabolite
nicotinuric acid nicotinuric acid: RN given refers to parent cpd. N-nicotinoylglycine : An N-acylglycine having nicotinoyl as the acyl substituent.	2.15	1	0	N-acylglycine	human urinary metabolite
medetomidine Medetomidine: An agonist of RECEPTORS, ADRENERGIC ALPHA-2 that is used in veterinary medicine for its analgesic and sedative properties. It is the racemate of DEXMEDETOMIDINE.	3.1	5	0	imidazoles
fluorodeoxyglucose f18 Fluorodeoxyglucose F18: The compound is given by intravenous injection to do POSITRON-EMISSION TOMOGRAPHY for the assessment of cerebral and myocardial glucose metabolism in various physiological or pathological states including stroke and myocardial ischemia. It is also employed for the detection of malignant tumors including those of the brain, liver, and thyroid gland. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p1162)	7.68	21	3	2-deoxy-2-((18)F)fluoro-D-glucose; 2-deoxy-2-fluoro-aldehydo-D-glucose
sertraline Sertraline: A selective serotonin uptake inhibitor that is used in the treatment of depression.. sertraline : A member of the class of tetralins that is tetralin which is substituted at positions 1 and 4 by a methylamino and a 3,4-dichlorophenyl group, respectively (the S,S diastereoisomer). A selective serotonin-reuptake inhibitor (SSRI), it is administered orally as the hydrochloride salt as an antidepressant for the treatment of depression, obsessive-compulsive disorder, panic disorder and post-traumatic stress disorder.	3.01	4	0	dichlorobenzene; secondary amino compound; tetralins	antidepressant; serotonin uptake inhibitor
picosulfate sodium picosulfate sodium: contains two active ingredients, sodium picosulfate and magnesium citrate, which are both laxatives; structure	2.05	1	0	aryl sulfate; pyridines
rilmenidine Rilmenidine: Oxazole derivative that acts as an agonist for ALPHA-2 ADRENERGIC RECEPTORS and IMIDAZOLINE RECEPTORS. It is used in the treatment of HYPERTENSION.	2.01	1	0	isourea
selfotel selfotel: a N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) antagonist; used to treat stroke-induced impairment	6.27	35	1	non-proteinogenic alpha-amino acid
glutaurine glutaurine: recently deteccted hormone of parathyroid gland; structure; RN given refers to (L)-isomer. glutaurine : A dipeptide resulting from the formal condensation of the amino group of taurine with the gamma-carboxy group of L-glutamic acid. It was initially found in the parathyroid in 1980 and later in the brain of mammals.	1.98	1	0	dipeptide zwitterion; dipeptide; L-glutamine derivative; sulfonic acid	anticonvulsant; anxiolytic drug; hormone; human metabolite; mammalian metabolite; mouse metabolite
budipine budipine: RN given refers to parent cpd; structure in Negwer, 5th ed, #6541	2.03	1	0	diarylmethane
schizandrol b schizandrol B: from Schizandra chinensis, plant used as tonic in traditional Chinese medicine	2.02	1	0	tannin
delta sleep-inducing peptide Delta Sleep-Inducing Peptide: A nonapeptide that is found in neurons, peripheral organs, and plasma. This neuropeptide induces mainly delta sleep in mammals. In addition to sleep, the peptide has been observed to affect electrophysiological activity, neurotransmitter levels in the brain, circadian and locomotor patterns, hormonal levels, psychological performance, and the activity of neuropharmacological drugs including their withdrawal.	2.41	2	0
artemisinin (+)-artemisinin : A sesquiterpene lactone obtained from sweet wormwood, Artemisia annua, which is used as an antimalarial for the treatment of multi-drug resistant strains of falciparum malaria.	1.98	1	0	organic peroxide; sesquiterpene lactone	antimalarial; plant metabolite
esaprazole esaprazole: RN given refers to parent cpd; structure in first source	2.08	1	0
plasmenylserine plasmenylserine: RN given refers to (L)-isomer. O-phospho-L-serine : The L-enantiomer of O-phosphoserine.. O-phosphoserine : A serine derivative that is serine substituted at the oxygen atom by a phosphono group.	4.71	9	0	O-phosphoserine	EC 1.4.7.1 [glutamate synthase (ferredoxin)] inhibitor; EC 2.5.1.49 (O-acetylhomoserine aminocarboxypropyltransferase) inhibitor; EC 4.3.1.10 (serine-sulfate ammonia-lyase) inhibitor; Escherichia coli metabolite; human metabolite; mouse metabolite; Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite
brinzolamide brinzolamide: an antiglaucoma agent	2.01	1	0	sulfonamide; thienothiazine	antiglaucoma drug; EC 4.2.1.1 (carbonic anhydrase) inhibitor
mesulergine mesulergine: RN given refers to parent cpd; CU 32-085 is synonymous to mono-HCl; metabolized into dopaminergic agonists; structure given in first source. mesulergine : A member of the class of ergot alkaloids that is known to act on serotonin and dopamine receptors.	2.02	1	0	ergot alkaloid; sulfamides	antiparkinson drug; dopamine agonist; serotonergic antagonist
dienogest [no description available]	2.05	1	0	17beta-hydroxy steroid; 3-oxo-Delta(4) steroid; aliphatic nitrile; steroid hormone	progesterone receptor agonist; progestin; synthetic oral contraceptive
tianeptine tianeptine: structure given in first source. tianeptine : A racemate comprising of equimolar amounts of (R)- and (S)-tianeptine. It is an atypical antidepressant used in Europe to treat patients who respond poorly to selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs).. 7-[(3-chloro-6-methyl-5,5-dioxido-6,11-dihydrodibenzo[c,f][1,2]thiazepin-11-yl)amino]heptanoic acid : A member of the class of dibenzothiazepines that is 3-chloro-6-methyl-6,11-dihydrodibenzo[c,f][1,2]thiazepine 5,5-dioxide substituted by a (6-carboxyhexyl)amino group at position 11.. (S)-tianeptine : The S-enantiomer of tianeptine.	10.75	8	0	dibenzothiazepine; monocarboxylic acid; organochlorine compound
2,4-dihydroxyphenylacetic acid [no description available]	2.37	2	0
triheptanoin [no description available]	2.11	1	0
resorufin [no description available]	2.03	1	0	phenoxazine
fructose-6-phosphate fructose-6-phosphate: RN given refers to parent cpd with unspecified isomeric designation. fructose 6-phosphate : A ketohexose monophosphate consisting of fructose having a phosphate group located at the 6-position.	3.42	7	0	D-fructose 6-phosphate
n,n-dimethyl-4-anisidine [no description available]	1.99	1	0
ethyl tyrosine ester ethyl tyrosine ester: RN given refers to L-isomer. ethyl L-tyrosinate : An L-tyrosyl ester that is L-tyrosine in which the hydrogen of the carboxy group has been replaced by an ethyl group.	1.97	1	0	ethyl ester; L-tyrosyl ester
morphazinamide morphazinamide: RN given refers to parent cpd; RN in Chemline for mono-HCL: 1473-73-0; structure in Merck Index	2.05	1	0	morpholines; pyrazines; secondary carboxamide
leucyltyrosine leucyltyrosine: RN given refers to L-Tyr,L-Leu-isomer; RN for cpd without isomeric designation not avail 4/93	2.4	2	0	dipeptide	metabolite
tyrosine methyl ester tyrosine methyl ester: RN given refers to (L)-isomer. methyl L-tyrosinate : An L-tyrosyl ester that is the methyl ester of L-tyrosine.	2.68	3	0	L-tyrosyl ester; methyl ester
glutarimide [no description available]	2.97	4	0	dicarboximide; piperidones
morpholinopropane sulfonic acid 3-(N-morpholino)propanesulfonic acid : A Good's buffer substance, pKa = 7.2 at 20 degreeC.	1.99	1	0	MOPS; morpholines; organosulfonic acid
2-(2'-pyridyl)benzimidazole 2-(2'-pyridyl)benzimidazole: structure in first source	2.06	1	0
2,2',2''-terpyridine 2,2',2''-terpyridine: RN given refers to parent cpd. 2,2':6',2''-terpyridine : A tridentate heterocyclic ligand that binds metals at three meridional sites giving two adjacent 5-membered MN2C2 chelate rings.	2	1	0	terpyridines	chelator
leucyl-glycyl-glycine leucyl-glycyl-glycine: RN given refers to (L-Leu)-isomer. Leu-Gly-Gly : A tripeptide composed of one L-leucine and two glycine residues joined in sequence.	2.4	2	0	tripeptide	metabolite
acetylleucine [no description available]	1.97	1	0	L-leucine derivative; N-acetyl-L-amino acid	metabolite
n-acetylglutamic acid N-acetylglutamic acid: RN given refers to (L)-isomer. N-acetyl-L-glutamic acid : An N-acyl-L-amino acid that is L-glutamic acid in which one of the amine hydrogens is substituted by an acetyl group.	10.34	18	0	N-acetyl-L-amino acid; N-acyl-L-glutamic acid	human metabolite; Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite
D-serine [no description available]	3.51	2	0	D-alpha-amino acid; serine zwitterion; serine	Escherichia coli metabolite; human metabolite; NMDA receptor agonist
D-alanine [no description available]	2	1	0	alanine zwitterion; alanine; D-alpha-amino acid	EC 4.3.1.15 (diaminopropionate ammonia-lyase) inhibitor; Escherichia coli metabolite; human metabolite
copper histidine [no description available]	2.17	1	0	D-alpha-amino acid; histidine; polar amino acid zwitterion	Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite
D-tyrosine [no description available]	2.46	2	0	D-alpha-amino acid zwitterion; D-alpha-amino acid; tyrosine	Escherichia coli metabolite
dipropylacetamide dipropylacetamide: structure. valpromide : A fatty amide derived from valproic acid.	2	1	0	fatty amide	geroprotector; metabolite; teratogenic agent
nefiracetam [no description available]	2.4	2	0	organonitrogen compound; organooxygen compound
acamprosate Acamprosate: Structural analog of taurine that is used for the prevention of relapse in individuals with ALCOHOLISM.. acamprosate : An organosulfonic acid that is propane-1-sulfonic acid substituted by an acetylamino group at position 3.	11.05	22	3	acetamides; organosulfonic acid	environmental contaminant; neurotransmitter agent; xenobiotic
cromakalim Cromakalim: A potassium-channel opening vasodilator that has been investigated in the management of hypertension. It has also been tried in patients with asthma. (Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p352)	1.99	1	0
emopamil emopamil: prevents renal injury after warm & cold ischemia; RN given refers to cpd without isomeric designation; structure given in first source	1.98	1	0	benzenes; organic amino compound
nicaraven nicaraven: an antivasospastic substance	1.99	1	0
atipamezole [no description available]	2.4	2	0
lifarizine lifarizine: sodium-calcium channel modulator; reduces ischemic brain damage	2.39	2	0	diarylmethane
binospirone mesylate binospirone mesylate: structure given in first source; a serotonin 1A receptor agonist; a putative 5-HT(1A) receptor antagonist	1.98	1	0
dapoxetine [no description available]	2.15	1	0	naphthalenes
dexrazoxane Dexrazoxane: The (+)-enantiomorph of razoxane.	2.05	1	0	razoxane	antineoplastic agent; cardiovascular drug; chelator; immunosuppressive agent
masoprocol Masoprocol: A potent lipoxygenase inhibitor that interferes with arachidonic acid metabolism. The compound also inhibits formyltetrahydrofolate synthetase, carboxylesterase, and cyclooxygenase to a lesser extent. It also serves as an antioxidant in fats and oils.. masoprocol : The meso-form of nordihydroguaiaretic acid. An antioxidant found in the creosote bush, Larrea divaricata, it is a potent lipoxygenase inhibitor that interferes with arachidonic acid metabolism. It also inhibits (though to a lesser extent) formyltetrahydrofolate synthetase, carboxylesterase, and cyclooxygenase.	3.7	10	0	nordihydroguaiaretic acid	antineoplastic agent; hypoglycemic agent; lipoxygenase inhibitor; metabolite
tocophersolan tocophersolan: RN given refers to parent cpd	2.13	1	0	tocol
D-valine D-valine : The D-enantiomer of valine.	2.17	1	0	D-alpha-amino acid zwitterion; D-alpha-amino acid; valine
phenylalanine [no description available]	2.73	3	0	D-alpha-amino acid zwitterion; D-alpha-amino acid; phenylalanine
voriconazole Voriconazole: A triazole antifungal agent that specifically inhibits STEROL 14-ALPHA-DEMETHYLASE and CYTOCHROME P-450 CYP3A.. voriconazole : A triazole-based antifungal agent used for the treatment of esophageal candidiasis, invasive pulmonary aspergillosis, and serious fungal infections caused by Scedosporium apiospermum and Fusarium spp. It is an inhibitor of cytochrome P450 2C9 (CYP2C9) and CYP3A4.	2.05	1	0	conazole antifungal drug; difluorobenzene; pyrimidines; tertiary alcohol; triazole antifungal drug	P450 inhibitor
naftazone naftazone: RN given refers to 1,2-naphthoquinone monosemicarbazone cpd	2	1	0
bufuralol bufuralol: RN given refers to cpd without isomeric designation; structure	2.01	1	0	benzofurans
mdl 11939 alpha-phenyl-1-(2-phenylethyl)-4-piperidinemethanol: class III antiarrythmic agent; structure given in first source	2.08	1	0	primary amine
brl 46470 BRL 46470: a 5-HT3 receptor antagonist and anxiolytic compound; BRL 46470A is the hydrochloride salt	1.99	1	0
nipradilol [no description available]	2.44	2	0	organic molecular entity
efaroxan efaroxan: RN given refers to parent cpd	2.44	2	0	1-benzofurans
cyclobutyrol cyclobutyrol: RN given refers to parent cpd; structure. cyclobutyrol : A hydroxy monocarboxylic acid in which the hydroxy group is geminal to a 1-carboxypropyl group on a cyclohexane ring.	2.05	1	0	hydroxy monocarboxylic acid	bile therapy drug
terlipressin terlivaz: first FDA approved injection to improve kidney function in adults with hepatorenal syndrome (HRS) with rapid reduction in kidney function.	2.05	1	0	polypeptide
tiemonium iodide [no description available]	2.11	1	0	aralkylamine
zetidoline zetidoline: structure given in first source	1.96	1	0
ubenimex ubenimex: growth inhibitor	2.92	4	0
hesperetin [no description available]	2.13	1	0	3'-hydroxyflavanones; 4'-methoxyflavanones; monomethoxyflavanone; trihydroxyflavanone	antineoplastic agent; antioxidant; plant metabolite
4-o-methyl-12-o-tetradecanoylphorbol 13-acetate [no description available]	2.94	4	0
phorbol-12,13-diacetate phorbol-12,13-diacetate: RN given refers to (1aR-(1a alpha,1b beta,4a beta,7a alpha,7b alpha,8 alpha,9 beta,9a alpha))-isomer	3.6	9	0
magnolol [no description available]	3.2	5	0	biphenyls
honokiol [no description available]	2.97	4	0	biphenyls
isoflavone [no description available]	2.05	1	0	isoflavones
clevudine [no description available]	2.05	1	0
nobiletin nobiletin : A methoxyflavone that is flavone substituted by methoxy groups at positions 5, 6, 7, 8, 3' and 4' respectively.	2.04	1	0	methoxyflavone	antineoplastic agent; plant metabolite
5-iodo-6-amino-1,2-benzopyrone [no description available]	2.01	1	0
dmp 323 (4R,5S,6S,7R)-4,7-dibenzyl-5,6-dihydroxy-1,3-bis[4-(hydroxymethyl)benzyl]-1,3-diazepan-2-one : A 1,3-diazepanone ring with two 4-(hydroxymethyl)benzyl groups as substituents at positions N-1 and N-4, two benzyl groups at C-4 and C-7, and two hydroxy groups at C-5 and C-6 respectively.	2.06	1	0	diazepanone; ureas	anti-HIV agent; metabolite
mesoporphyrin ix mesoporphyrin IX: RN given refers to parent cpd; mesoheme is the iron salt of mesoporphyrin IX. mesoporphyrin IX : A member of the class of mesoporphyrins obtained by formal hydrogenation of the two vinyl groups in protoporphyrin.	2.02	1	0
leupeptin [no description available]	2.89	4	0	aldehyde; tripeptide	bacterial metabolite; calpain inhibitor; cathepsin B inhibitor; EC 3.4.21.4 (trypsin) inhibitor; serine protease inhibitor
phleomycins Phleomycins: Water-soluble, copper-containing low molecular weight polypeptides obtained from the culture medium of Streptomyces verticillus. They are specific inhibitors of DNA synthesis in bacteria and have been found to act as antitumor agents. They have also been used against rust fungi of plants.. phleomycin : A mixture of glycopeptide antibiotics originally isolated from the bacterium Streptomyces verticillus whose components all contain a thiazolinylthiazole moiety and can form complexes with redox-active metals such as Co, Cu, and Fe. (Bleomycins are very similar to phleomycins, but have a bithiazole moiety in place of the thiazolinylthiazole moiety).	1.97	1	0
urazole urazole: structure in first source	2.06	1	0
beta-aminoglutaric acid 3-aminoglutaric acid: RN given refers to parent cpd; structure given in first source. isoglutamic acid : A 1,5-dicarboxylic acid compound having a 3-amino substituent. It has been isolated from the extracts of the algae, Chondria armata.	2.73	3	0	dicarboxylic acid	algal metabolite; marine metabolite
serpentine (alkaloid) serpentine (alkaloid): do not confuse with mineral serpentine; RN given refers to (19alpha)-isomer; structure	2.07	1	0	carboxylic ester; iminium betaine; indole alkaloid; quinolizines; zwitterion
tetrandrine tetrandrine: a bisbenzylisoquinoline that exhibits antifibrogenic activity	2.72	3	0	bisbenzylisoquinoline alkaloid; isoquinolines
h 0294 H 0294: structure given in first & second source; CNI-H0294 is the chloride salt	2	1	0
tosyllysine chloromethyl ketone Tosyllysine Chloromethyl Ketone: An inhibitor of SERINE ENDOPEPTIDASES. Acts as an alkylating agent and is known to interfere with the translation process.	2.1	1	0	sulfonic acid derivative
beta-amyrin beta-amyrin: alpha-amyrin is also available; a 5 ring triterpene derived from oleanane that differs from alpha-amyrin in having the 29-carbon at the 20 position; RN given refers to (3 beta)-isomer. beta-amyrin : A pentacyclic triterpenoid that is oleanane substituted at the 3beta-position by a hydroxy group and containing a double bond between positions 12 and 13. It is one of the most commonly occurring triterpenoids in higher plants.	2.43	2	0	pentacyclic triterpenoid; secondary alcohol	Aspergillus metabolite; plant metabolite
5-hydroxyuracil 5-hydroxyuracil: used in treatment of colonic adenocarcinoma	2.01	1	0	hydroxypyrimidine
nicosulfuron nicosulfuron: inhibits ACETOLACTATE SYNTHASE; Accent is DuPont brand name. nicosulfuron : A N-sulfonylurea that is 2-(carbamoylsulfamoyl)-N,N-dimethylpyridine-3-carboxamide substituted by a 4,6-dimethoxypyrimidin-2-yl group at the amino nitrogen.	3.17	5	0	N-sulfonylurea; pyridines; pyrimidines	environmental contaminant; herbicide; xenobiotic
fr 109615 cispentacin: structure given in first source; isolated from Bacillus cereus	2.39	2	0
5-(n-methyl-n-isobutyl)amiloride 5-(N-methyl-N-isobutyl)amiloride: inhibitor of the Na+-H+ antiporter	2.03	1	0
o(6)-methyl-2'-deoxyguanosine O(6)-methyl-2'-deoxyguanosine: RN given refers to (beta)-isomer. O(6)-methyl-2'-deoxyguanosine : A purine 2'-deoxyribonucleoside having O(6)-methylguanine as the nucleobase.	2.02	1	0	purine 2'-deoxyribonucleoside
xanthosine 5'-triphosphate xanthosine 5'-phosphate : xanthosine phosphate compounds having phosphate groups at position 5'.. 5'-xanthylic acid : A purine ribonucleoside 5'-monophosphate having xanthine as the nucleobase.	2.41	2	0	purine ribonucleoside 5'-monophosphate; xanthosine 5'-phosphate	Escherichia coli metabolite; metabolite; mouse metabolite
calpeptin [no description available]	3.82	11	0	amino acid amide
gliclazide 18alpha-glycyrrhetinic acid: a gap junction inhibitor	4.24	5	0
1-amino-1,3-dicarboxycyclopentane, (trans)-isomer [no description available]	2.4	2	0
glucosaminic acid glucosaminic acid: RN given refers to cpd with unspecified isomeric designation. 2-amino-2-deoxy-D-gluconic acid : Hexanoic acid with four hydroxy groups at C-3, C-4, C-5, C-6, and an amino group at C-2.	2.34	2	0	amino acid zwitterion; gluconic acid derivative	bacterial metabolite
corilagin corilagin: isolated from Geranii herba. corilagin : An ellagitannin with a hexahydroxydiphenoyl group bridging over the 3-O and 6-O of the glucose core.	2.08	1	0	ellagitannin; gallate ester	antihypertensive agent; antioxidant; EC 3.4.15.1 (peptidyl-dipeptidase A) inhibitor; non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug
bilobalide [no description available]	4.99	12	0	sesquiterpene lactone
casuarictin sanguiin H 11: regulates chemotaxis of neutrophil; from plant, Sanguisorba officinalis; structure in first source	2.21	1	0	tannin
maslinic acid (2Alpha,3beta)-2,3-dihydroxyolean-12-en-28-oic acid: from Luehea divaricata and Agrimonia eupatoria	2.06	1	0	dihydroxy monocarboxylic acid; pentacyclic triterpenoid	anti-inflammatory agent; antineoplastic agent; antioxidant; plant metabolite
tetracyanoquinodimethane tetracyanoquinodimethane: structure. tetracyanoquinodimethane : A quinodimethane that is p-quinodimethane in which the methylidene hydrogens are replaced by cyano groups.	1.98	1	0	alicyclic compound; nitrile; quinodimethane
3-aminopicolinic acid [no description available]	1.96	1	0
oxazolidin-2-one Oxazolidinones: Derivatives of oxazolidin-2-one. They represent an important class of synthetic antibiotic agents.. oxazolidin-2-one : An oxazolidinone that is 1,3-oxazolidine with an oxo substituent at position 2.. oxazolidinone : An oxazolidine containing one or more oxo groups.	4.21	5	0	carbamate ester; oxazolidinone	metabolite
glutamic acid diethyl ester glutamic acid diethyl ester: glutamic acid antagonist; RN given refers to (L)-isomer	10.93	34	0
haba 2-(4-hydroxyphenylazo)benzoic acid : An azo compound that is azobenzene in which one phenyl group is substituted at position 4 by a hydroxy group, while the other phenyl group is substituted at position 2 by a carboxy group. It is used as a matrix in matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization (MALDI) mass spectrometry.	1.97	1	0
perfluorooctane sulfonic acid perfluorooctane-1-sulfonic acid : A perfluoroalkanesulfonic acid that is octane-1-sulfonic acid in which all seventeen of the hydrogens that are attached to carbons hvae been replaced by fluorines.	3.23	5	0	perfluoroalkanesulfonic acid	antilipemic drug; persistent organic pollutant
triphenylmethylphosphonium triphenylmethylphosphonium: RN given refers to parent cpd	1.97	1	0
victoria blue bo Victoria blue BO: a cationic triarylmethane dye; exhibits photodynamic activity against the human leukemic cell lines K-562 and TF-1	2	1	0
o-methylisourea O-methylisourea: RN given refers to parent cpd	1.94	1	0
n-acetylhistidine N-acetylhistidine: RN given refers to (L)-isomer. N-acetylhistidine : A histidine derivative that is histidine in which one of the hydrogens of the alpha-amino group is substituted by an acetyl group.. N-acetyl-L-histidine : A histidine derivative that is L-histidine having an acetyl substituent on the alpha-nitrogen.	2.66	3	0	L-histidine derivative; N-acetyl-L-amino acid; N-acetylhistidine	animal metabolite
2-(methylamino)isobutyric acid alpha-(methylamino)isobutyric acid : A non-proteinogenic alpha-amino acid that is isobutyric acid in which the alpha-hydrogen has been replaced by a methylamino group.	3.26	6	0	alanine derivative; alpha-amino acid zwitterion; non-proteinogenic alpha-amino acid; secondary amino compound	human urinary metabolite
1-hydroxybenzotriazole 1-hydroxybenzotriazole: RN given refers to parent cpd	2.11	1	0	benzotriazoles
methylene green methylene green: stain; 4-nitro(methylene blue); RN given refers to chloride. methylene green : An organic chloride salt having 3,7-bis(dimethylamino)-4-nitrophenothiazin-5-ium as the counterion. It stains nuclei green and is sometimes used as a counterstain to red or purple primary stains.	2.06	1	0	organic chloride salt	fluorochrome; histological dye
2-(2-aminoethyl)pyridine 2-(2-aminoethyl)pyridine: histamine H1 receptor agonist inducing cross-tolerance to histamine; RN given refers to parent cpd; structure	2.7	3	0	aminoalkylpyridine; primary amine	histamine agonist; metabolite
4-methoxymethylpyridoxine 4-methoxymethylpyridoxine: RN given refers to parent cpd	2.7	3	0	pyridines
proxyl nitroxide proxyl nitroxide: structure	2.02	1	0	aminoxyls; pyrrolidines	radical scavenger
6-carboxyfluorescein 6-carboxyfluorescein: originally sold as 6-carboxyfluorescein, but commercial product is a mixture of two isomers; correct name is 5(6)-carboxyfluorescein	2.02	1	0	monocarboxylic acid
leucylleucine Leu-Leu : A dipeptide formed from two L-leucine residues.	2.4	2	0	dipeptide; L-aminoacyl-L-amino acid zwitterion	human metabolite; Mycoplasma genitalium metabolite
phenylalanylleucine phenylalanylleucine: RN given refers to (L)-isomer	1.97	1	0	dipeptide zwitterion; dipeptide	plant metabolite
1-pyrenebutyrate 1-pyrenebutyrate: fluorescent probe; RN given refers to 1-pyrenebutyrate	2.03	1	0
sofosbuvir 5-carboxycytosine: a 5-formylcystosine oxidation product; structure in first source. 5-carboxycytosine : A nucleobase analogue that is cytosine in which the hydrogen at position 5 is replaced by a carboxy group.	2.08	1	0	aminopyrimidine; aromatic carboxylic acid; nucleobase analogue; pyrimidone	metabolite
monomethyl succinate monomethyl succinate: RN given refers to parent cpd. monomethyl succinate : A dicarboxylic acid monoester that is succinic acid in which one of the carboxy groups has been converted to its methyl ester.	3.09	1	0	dicarboxylic acid monoester; hemisuccinate
2',7'-dichlorodihydrofluorescein diacetate [no description available]	2.06	1	0
n-ethyl-5-phenylisoxazolium-3'-sulfonate N-ethyl-5-phenylisoxazolium-3'-sulfonate: reagent for rapid modification of carboxyl groups in proteins; structure	3.38	7	0
1-benzylimidazole 1-benzylimidazole: inhibits human thromboxane synthetase	2.42	2	0
methyl tryptophan, (l-trp)-isomer [no description available]	2.68	3	0
ribose-5-phosphate ribose-5-phosphate: RN given refers to cpd without isomeric designation	2.01	1	0	D-ribose 5-phosphate
rivastigmine [no description available]	6.14	5	1	carbamate ester; tertiary amino compound	cholinergic drug; EC 3.1.1.8 (cholinesterase) inhibitor; neuroprotective agent
rosiglitazone [no description available]	3.48	7	0	aminopyridine; thiazolidinediones	EC 6.2.1.3 (long-chain-fatty-acid--CoA ligase) inhibitor; ferroptosis inhibitor; insulin-sensitizing drug
2-(n-morpholino)ethanesulfonic acid 2-(N-morpholino)ethanesulfonic acid: RN given refers to parent cpd. 2-(N-morpholino)ethanesulfonic acid : A Good's buffer substance, pKa = 6.15 at 20 degreeC.	2	1	0	MES; organosulfonic acid; zwitterion
5-hydroxymethyluracil [no description available]	2.01	1	0	primary alcohol; pyrimidone	human metabolite
dimethylformamide-dimethylacetal dimethylformamide-dimethylacetal: RN given refers to unlabeled cpd; structure. N,N-dimethylformamide dimethyl acetal : An acetal obtained by formal condensation of N,N-dimethylformamide with methanol. N,N-dimethylformamide dimethyl acetal is a derivatisation agent used in gas-chromatography applications	2.02	1	0	acetal; tertiary amino compound	chromatographic reagent
2-hydrazinopyridine [no description available]	2.41	2	0
12-hydroxydodecanoic acid 12-hydroxylauric acid : A medium-chain fatty acid that is the 12-hydroxylated derivative of lauric acid.	2.03	1	0	omega-hydroxy-medium-chain fatty acid	human metabolite
alpha-acetolactate alpha-acetolactate: RN given refers to cpd without isomeric designation	2	1	0
pyruvamide [no description available]	2.4	2	0
1-chloro-1,2,2-trifluorocyclobutane 1-chloro-1,2,2-trifluorocyclobutane: structure given in first source	1.99	1	0
alanylglycine alanylglycine: RN given refers to (L)-isomer	1.93	1	0
piperazine-n,n'-bis(2-ethanesulfonic acid) piperazine-N,N'-bis(2-ethanesulfonic acid): RN given refers to parent cpd. 2,2'-piperazine-1,4-diylbisethanesulfonic acid : A Good's buffer substance, pKa = 6.8 at 20 degreeC.	1.96	1	0	PIPES
tricine N-tris(hydroxymethyl)methylglycine : A Good's buffer substance, pKa = 8.15 at 20 degreeC.	2.46	2	0	tricine
n-hydroxysuccinimide N-hydroxysuccinimide: structure	2.47	2	0
cyclopropanecarboxamide cyclopropylcarboxamide : Carboxamides RC(=O)NR'R'' where R is a cyclopropyl group.	2.08	1	0	cyclopropylcarboxamide
hydroxyguanidine N-hydroxyguanidine : A member of the class of guanidines that is guanidine in which one of the hydrogens attached to the nitrogen at position 1 is substituted by a hydroxy group.	2.08	1	0	guanidines; one-carbon compound	antineoplastic agent; antiviral agent
leucyl-alanine Leu-Ala : A dipeptide composed of L-leucine and L-alanine joined by a peptide linkage.	2.4	2	0	dipeptide	metabolite
gamma-glutamine-4-nitroanilide gamma-glutamine-4-nitroanilide: substrate for glutaminase B.; RN given refers to (L)-isomer	2.73	3	0
tryptophan ethyl ester tryptophan ethyl ester: RN given refers to (DL)-isomer	1.97	1	0
2-bromopalmitate 2-bromopalmitate: inhibitor of fatty acid oxidation; RN given refers to parent cpd. 2-bromohexadecanoic acid : A bromo fatty acid that is hexadecanoic (palmitic) acid carrying a single bromo substituent at position 2.	2.04	1	0	2-bromocarboxylic acid; bromo fatty acid; long-chain fatty acid; straight-chain fatty acid	fatty acid oxidation inhibitor
bexarotene [no description available]	2.15	1	0	benzoic acids; naphthalenes; retinoid	antineoplastic agent
s20098 [no description available]	3.18	5	0	acetamides
2-(4-toluidino)-6-naphthalenesulfonic acid 2-(4-toluidino)-6-naphthalenesulfonic acid: RN given refers to parent cpd; structure	2.03	1	0
1-ethyl-2-benzimidazolinone 1-ethyl-2-benzimidazolinone: structure in first source	2.76	3	0	imidazoles
leucyl-leucyl-leucine leucyl-leucyl-leucine: RN given refers to (L-Leu-L-Leu-L-Leu)-isomer. Leu-Leu-Leu : A tripeptide formed from three L-leucine residues.	2.4	2	0	tripeptide	metabolite
iridium oxide iridium oxide: RN given refers to Ir-O2	2.08	1	0
4-phenylbutylamine 4-phenylbutylamine: used as a drug partition into lipid bilayers in a cubic liquid-crystalline phase. 4-phenylbutylamine : A phenylalkylamine that is benzene in which one of the hydrogens is substituted by a 4-aminobutyl group.	2.31	1	0	benzenes; phenylalkylamine; primary amino compound
biocytin biocytin : A monocarboxylic acid amide that results from the formal condensation of the carboxylic acid group of biotin with the N(6)-amino group of L-lysine.	5.06	41	0	azabicycloalkane; L-alpha-amino acid zwitterion; L-lysine derivative; monocarboxylic acid amide; non-proteinogenic L-alpha-amino acid; thiabicycloalkane; ureas	mouse metabolite
cocaine methiodide cocaine methiodide: does not cross blood barrier; less effective than cocaine on cardiovascular function	2.1	1	0
biotinamide biotin amide : A monocarboxylic acid amide derived from biotin.	2.41	2	0	biotins; monocarboxylic acid amide	human metabolite
d-aspartic acid [no description available]	6.55	59	0	aspartic acid; D-alpha-amino acid	mouse metabolite
acetaminophen glucuronide acetaminophen glucuronide: acetaminophen metabolite in rats. acetaminophen O-beta-D-glucosiduronic acid : A beta-D-glucosiduronic acid that is the O-glucuronide of paracetamol (acetaminophen).	2.11	1	0	beta-D-glucosiduronic acid	drug metabolite
3-(glutathion-s-yl)acetaminophen 3-(glutathion-S-yl)acetaminophen: biliary metabolite of acetaminophen; RN given refers to parent cpd	2.43	2	0	glutathione derivative
ketorolac tromethamine Ketorolac Tromethamine: A pyrrolizine carboxylic acid derivative structurally related to INDOMETHACIN. It is a non-steroidal anti-inflammatory agent used for analgesia for postoperative pain and inhibits cyclooxygenase activity.. ketorolac tromethamine : An organoammonium salt resulting from the mixture of equimolar amounts of ketorolac and tromethamine (tris). It has potent non-sedating analgesic and moderate anti-inflammatory effects. It is used in the short-term management of post-operative pain, and in eye drops to relieve the ocular itching associated with seasonal allergic conjunctivitis.	2.41	1	0	organoammonium salt	analgesic; cyclooxygenase 1 inhibitor; cyclooxygenase 2 inhibitor
clarithromycin Clarithromycin: A semisynthetic macrolide antibiotic derived from ERYTHROMYCIN that is active against a variety of microorganisms. It can inhibit PROTEIN SYNTHESIS in BACTERIA by reversibly binding to the 50S ribosomal subunits. This inhibits the translocation of aminoacyl transfer-RNA and prevents peptide chain elongation.. clarithromycin : The 6-O-methyl ether of erythromycin A, clarithromycin is a macrolide antibiotic used in the treatment of respiratory-tract, skin and soft-tissue infections. It is also used to eradicate Helicobacter pylori in the treatment of peptic ulcer disease. It prevents bacteria from growing by interfering with their protein synthesis.	2.46	2	0	macrolide antibiotic	antibacterial drug; environmental contaminant; protein synthesis inhibitor; xenobiotic
zwittergent 3-12 zwittergent 3-12: zwitterionic detergent. lauryl sulfobetaine : An ammonium betaine in which the ammonium nitrogen is substituted by dodecyl, 3-sulfatopropyl and two methyl groups.	1.96	1	0	ammonium betaine	detergent
nicotone nicotone: conversion product of nicotine N-oxide	2.03	1	0
epidepride epidepride: structure given in first source	2.01	1	0	dimethoxybenzene
we 201 We 201: synthetic lysolecithin analog; RN given refers to hydroxide inner salt; structure	2.01	1	0
tyrosylleucine [no description available]	1.97	1	0	dipeptide	metabolite
procion brilliant red m-2bs [no description available]	2	1	0
coenzyme a [no description available]	4.25	18	0	adenosine 3',5'-bisphosphate	coenzyme; Escherichia coli metabolite; mouse metabolite
loganin [no description available]	2.07	1	0	beta-D-glucoside; cyclopentapyran; enoate ester; iridoid monoterpenoid; methyl ester; monosaccharide derivative; secondary alcohol	anti-inflammatory agent; EC 3.1.1.7 (acetylcholinesterase) inhibitor; EC 3.2.1.20 (alpha-glucosidase) inhibitor; EC 3.4.23.46 (memapsin 2) inhibitor; neuroprotective agent; plant metabolite
n-acetylalanine N-acetylalanine: immunodominant determinant of acidic surface antigen from culture filtrate of human strain of Staph aureus. N-acetyl-L-alanine : An N-acetyl-L-amino acid that is L-alanine in which one of the hydrogens attached to the nitrogen is replaced by an acetyl group.	2.03	1	0	L-alanine derivative; N-acetyl-L-amino acid	human metabolite; Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite
p-chloro-diphenyl diselenide p-chloro-diphenyl diselenide: antidepressant; structure in first source	2.13	1	0
Trp-Trp tryptophyltryptophan: an antigelation agent. Trp-Trp : A dipeptide formed from two L-tryptophan residues.	1.97	1	0	dipeptide	Mycoplasma genitalium metabolite
gentiopicroside gentiopicroside: a secoiridoid in Gentiana with rearrangement to two pyran rings	2.04	1	0	glycoside
kampirone 1-(2-pyrimidinyl)piperazine: metabolite of buspirone; structure given in first source	2.42	2	0	N-arylpiperazine
nicotine (S)-nicotine : A 3-(1-methylpyrrolidin-2-yl)pyridine in which the chiral centre has S-configuration. The naturally occurring and most active enantiomer of nicotine, isolated from Nicotiana tabacum.	14.02	199	2	3-(1-methylpyrrolidin-2-yl)pyridine	anxiolytic drug; biomarker; immunomodulator; mitogen; neurotoxin; nicotinic acetylcholine receptor agonist; peripheral nervous system drug; phytogenic insecticide; plant metabolite; psychotropic drug; teratogenic agent; xenobiotic
1-aminocyclobutanecarboxylic acid 1-aminocyclobutanecarboxylic acid: RN given refers to unlabeled cpd	2.48	2	0	L-alpha-amino acid
bay 93820 isocarbophos: an organophosphorus insecticide	2.08	1	0	isopropyl ester; organic phosphonate; organothiophosphate insecticide; phosphonic ester; salicylates	agrochemical; avicide; EC 3.1.1.7 (acetylcholinesterase) inhibitor
fibrinogen Fibrinogen: Plasma glycoprotein clotted by thrombin, composed of a dimer of three non-identical pairs of polypeptide chains (alpha, beta, gamma) held together by disulfide bonds. Fibrinogen clotting is a sol-gel change involving complex molecular arrangements: whereas fibrinogen is cleaved by thrombin to form polypeptides A and B, the proteolytic action of other enzymes yields different fibrinogen degradation products.. D-iditol : The D-enantiomer of iditol.	3.51	8	0	iditol	fungal metabolite
4-hydroxyphenylglyoxal 4-hydroxyphenylglyoxal: used to determine available arginine residues in proteins	2.01	1	0
moexipril [no description available]	2	1	0	peptide
cholest-4-en-3-one cholest-4-en-3-one : A cholestanoid that is cholest-4-ene substituted by an oxo group at position 3.	2.02	1	0	3-oxo-Delta(4) steroid; cholestanoid	human metabolite; plant metabolite
2-tyrosine 2-tyrosine: RN given refers to cpd with unspecified isomeric designation. o-tyrosine : A racemate comprising equimolar amounts of D- and L-o-tyrosine.. 2-hydroxyphenylalanine : A phenylalanine derivative that is phenylalanine carrying a hydroxy substituent at position 2 on the benzene ring.	1.99	1	0	non-proteinogenic alpha-amino acid; phenols; phenylalanine derivative
cadmium telluride cadmium telluride: used in radiation monitoring device	2.06	1	0
4-nitrophenyl beta-d-xyloside 4-nitrophenyl beta-D-xyloside : A xyloside that is beta-D-xylopyranose in which the anomeric hydroxy hydrogen is replaced by a 4-nitrophenyl group.	2	1	0	C-nitro compound; xyloside	chromogenic compound
3,4-dihydroxyphenylglycol 3,4-dihydroxyphenylglycol: noradrenaline metabolite in mouse brain; RN given refers to cpd without isomeric designation. 3,4-dihydroxyphenylethyleneglycol : A tetrol composed of ethyleneglycol having a 3,4-dihydroxyphenyl group at the 1-position.	7.31	55	0	catechols; tetrol	metabolite; mouse metabolite
2,2'-azobis(2,4-dimethylvaleronitrile) 2,2'-azobis(2,4-dimethylvaleronitrile): free radical initiator in liposome systems	1.99	1	0
homocysteine Homocysteine: A thiol-containing amino acid formed by a demethylation of METHIONINE.. homocysteine : A sulfur-containing amino acid consisting of a glycine core with a 2-mercaptoethyl side-chain.. L-homocysteine : A homocysteine that has L configuration.	14.67	119	0	amino acid zwitterion; homocysteine; serine family amino acid	fundamental metabolite; mouse metabolite
alpha,beta-methyleneadenosine 5'-triphosphate alpha,beta-methyleneadenosine 5'-triphosphate: do not confuse with beta,gamma-methylene ATP; RN given refers to parent cpd	4.51	23	0	nucleoside triphosphate analogue
methylglucoside [no description available]	2.68	3	0
salsolinol salsolinol: RN given refers to cpd without isomeric designation; EP to SALSOLINE ALKALOIDS (78-82); on-line search SALSOLINE ALKALOIDS (78-82); Index Medicus search ISOQUINOLINES (78-82). (S)-salsolinol : A 1-methyl-1,2,3,4-tetrahydroisoquinoline-6,7-diol that has S-configuration.	2.98	4	0	1-methyl-1,2,3,4-tetrahydroisoquinoline-6,7-diol	human urinary metabolite
gliquidone gliquidone: structure; RN given refers to parent cpd	2	1	0	isoquinolines
1,5-i-aedans 1,5-I-AEDANS: fluorescent probes which are sulfhydryl reagents; combine reactivity of iodoacetamide toward sulfhydryl groups with spectral properties of naphthalenesulfonic acids; structure. 5-{[2-(iodoacetamido)ethyl]amino}naphthalene-1-sulfonic acid : An aminonaphthalenesulfonic acid fluorophore with a structure consisting of ethylenediamine substituted on the nitrogens with iodoacetyl and 5-sulfonyl-1-naphthyl groups.	2.07	1	0	aminonaphthalenesulfonic acid	fluorescent probe
8-((4-chlorophenyl)thio)cyclic-3',5'-amp 8-((4-chlorophenyl)thio)cyclic-3',5'-AMP: lowers cAMP in heart & fat cells; cAMP-dependent kinase inhibitor. 8-(4-chlorophenylthio)-cAMP : A 3',5'-cyclic purine nucleotide that is 3',5'-cyclic AMP in which the hydrogen at position 2 on the purine fragment is replaced by a 4-chlorophenylthio group.	3.1	5	0	3',5'-cyclic purine nucleotide; adenyl ribonucleotide; aryl sulfide; organochlorine compound	protein kinase agonist
4-n,n-dimethylaminoazobenzene-4'-sulfonyl chloride 4-N,N-dimethylaminoazobenzene-4'-sulfonyl chloride: chromophoric labelling reagent for amino acids, peptides, proteins; structure	2.37	2	0
fenpiclonil fenpiclonil : A member of the class of pyrroles carrying cyano and 2,3-dichlorophenyl substituents at positions 3 and 4 respectively. A fungicide used mainly to control seed-borne pathogens in cereal crops.	2.17	1	0	dichlorobenzene; nitrile; pyrroles	antifungal agrochemical
pyridaben [no description available]	2.05	1	0	organochlorine acaricide; organochlorine insecticide; pyridazinone	mitochondrial NADH:ubiquinone reductase inhibitor
sk&f 95282 zolantidine: structure given in first source	2.04	1	0	piperidines
chlorfenapyr chlorfenapyr: an experimental pour-on formulation, a new generation pyrethroid available to producers. chlorfenapyr : A member of the class of pyrroles that is 4-bromo-1H-pyrrole-3-carbonitrile which is substituted at positions 1, 2 and 5 by ethoxymethyl, p-chlorophenyl and trifluoromethyl groups, respectively. A proinsecticide used for termite control and crop protection against several insects and mite pests.	2.15	1	0	hemiaminal ether; monochlorobenzenes; nitrile; organochlorine acaricide; organochlorine insecticide; organofluorine acaricide; organofluorine insecticide; pyrroles	proacaricide; proinsecticide
3-fluorotyrosine 3-fluorotyrosine: RN given refers to cpd without isomeric designation	1.99	1	0	fluoroamino acid; fluorophenol; non-proteinogenic alpha-amino acid; tyrosine derivative
1-methylhistidine 1-methylhistidine: found in muscle proteins; RN given refers to (L)-isomer. 1-methylhistidine : A methylhistidine in which the methyl group is located at N-1.. N(tele)-methyl-L-histidine : A L-histidine derivative in which the methyl group is at N(tele)-position.	2.17	1	0	L-histidine derivative; non-proteinogenic L-alpha-amino acid; zwitterion	human metabolite
succinyl-coenzyme a [no description available]	2.1	1	0	omega-carboxyacyl-CoA	Escherichia coli metabolite; inhibitor; mouse metabolite
L-2-aminoadipic acid L-2-aminoadipic acid : The L-enantiomer of 2-aminoadipic acid.	4.01	4	0	2-aminoadipic acid	Escherichia coli metabolite; human metabolite
4-hydroxyphenylglycine 4-hydroxyphenylglycine : A glycine molecule carrying a 4-hydroxyphenyl substituent.	1.99	1	0	hydroxy-amino acid	bacterial metabolite
phospho-l-arginine phospho-L-arginine: inhibits pyruvate kinase. N(omega)-phospho-L-arginine : An arginine derivative that is L-arginine substituted by a phosphono group at N(omega)-position.	2.02	1	0	L-arginine derivative; non-proteinogenic L-alpha-amino acid; phosphagen; phosphoamino acid	animal metabolite
acetoacetyl coa [no description available]	2.4	2	0	3-oxo-fatty acyl-CoA	Escherichia coli metabolite; mouse metabolite
glycyltryptophan glycyltryptophan: RN given refers to (L)-isomer. Gly-Trp : A dipeptide formed from glycine and L-tryptophan residues.	2.4	2	0	dipeptide	metabolite
adenosine 5'-methylenediphosphate [no description available]	2.74	3	0	nucleoside diphosphate analogue
1-methyl-1,2,3,4-tetrahydroisoquinoline 1-methyl-1,2,3,4-tetrahydroisoquinoline: endogenous amine from rat brain	2.44	2	0	isoquinolines
fluoromisonidazole [no description available]	2.05	1	0
7-amino-4-methylcoumarin 7-amino-4-methylcoumarin: RN given refers to parent cpd	2	1	0	7-aminocoumarins	fluorochrome
levobupivacaine Levobupivacaine: S-enantiomer of bupivacaine that is used as a local anesthetic and for regional nerve blocks, including EPIDURAL ANESTHESIA.. levobupivacaine : The (S)-(-)-enantiomer of bupivacaine.	2.49	2	0	1-butyl-N-(2,6-dimethylphenyl)piperidine-2-carboxamide	adrenergic antagonist; amphiphile; EC 3.1.1.8 (cholinesterase) inhibitor; EC 3.6.3.8 (Ca(2+)-transporting ATPase) inhibitor; local anaesthetic
phenylacetylglutamine N(2)-phenylacetyl-L-glutamine : An a N(2)-phenylacetylglutamine having L-configuration.	3.78	3	0	N(2)-phenylacetylglutamine	human metabolite
n-(4,4-diphenyl-3-butenyl)nipecotic acid N-(4,4-diphenyl-3-butenyl)nipecotic acid: structure given in first source	3.96	13	0	diarylmethane
1,3-dipropyl-8-(2-amino-4-chlorophenyl)xanthine [no description available]	2.01	1	0
melanotan-ii melanotan-II: synthetic cyclic heptapeptide, an analog of alpha-melanotropin (4,10); capable of stimulating melanin synthesis & promoting rapid tanning of skin; currently in trials for use in the prevention of sunlight-induced skin cancer	2.46	2	0	organic molecular entity
lopinavir [no description available]	2.78	3	0	amphetamines; dicarboxylic acid diamide	anticoronaviral agent; antiviral drug; HIV protease inhibitor
propionyl-coenzyme a propionyl-coenzyme A: RN given refers to parent cpd	2.66	3	0	acyl-CoA	Escherichia coli metabolite; metabolite; mouse metabolite
alpha-eudesmol alpha-eudesmol: RN refers to (2alpha,4aalpha,8abeta)-isomer; from Juniperus virginiana; inhibits omega-agatoxin IVA-sensitive Ca2+ currents and synaptosomal Ca2+ uptake; structure in first source. alpha-eudesmol : A eudesmane sesquiterpenoid in which the eudesmane skeleton carries a hydroxy substituent at C-11 and has a double bond between C-3 and C-4.	2	1	0	eudesmane sesquiterpenoid; octahydronaphthalenes; tertiary alcohol	volatile oil component
totarol totarol: structure given in first source; isolated from the bark of Podocarpus nagi	2.11	1	0	diterpenoid	metabolite
glycyltyrosine Gly-Tyr : A dipeptide composed of glycine and L-tyrosine joined by a peptide linkage.	1.97	1	0	dipeptide	metabolite
n-epsilon-acetyllysine N(6)-acetyl-L-lysine : An N(6)-acyl-L-lysine where the N(6)-acyl group is specified as acetyl.	1.97	1	0	acetyl-L-lysine; amino acid zwitterion; N(6)-acyl-L-lysine	human metabolite
glycylleucine Gly-Leu : A dipeptide composed of glycine and L-leucine joined by a peptide linkage.	2.4	2	0	dipeptide zwitterion; dipeptide	metabolite
gamma-glutamylglutamate gamma-glutamylglutamate: an endogenous dipeptide in the rat olfactory bulb which activates N-methyl-D-aspartate receptors; RN given refers to (L)-isomer; RN for cpd without isomeric designation not avail 9/93	2.69	3	0	dipeptide	human metabolite
histidine methyl ester histidine methyl ester: RN given refers to (L)-isomer; structure given in first source. histidine methyl ester : An alpha-amino acid ester that is the methyl ester of histidine.	2.4	2	0	histidine derivative
estrone 3-methyl ether estrone 3-methyl ether: RN given refers to cpd with unspecified isomeric designation; structure	2.06	1	0
4-nitrophenyl beta-d-glucoside 4-nitrophenyl beta-D-glucoside: RN given refers to (beta)-anomer; see also (alpha)-anomer: 3767-28-0; cpd with unspecified anomer: 5779-46-4. 4-nitrophenyl beta-D-glucoside : A beta-D-glucoside that is beta-D-glucopyranose in which the anomeric hydroxy hydrogen is replaced by a 4-nitrophenyl group.	1.99	1	0	beta-D-glucoside; C-nitro compound	chromogenic compound
arginine methyl ester arginine methyl ester: RN given refers to (L)-isomer	2.03	1	0	alpha-amino acid ester
2-nitrophenyl-beta-d-glucopyranoside [no description available]	1.99	1	0
alanyltyrosine alanyltyrosine: tyrosine source; RN given refers to (L)-isomer. Ala-Tyr : A dipeptide composed of L-alanine and L-tyrosine joined by a peptide linkage.	2.04	1	0	dipeptide	metabolite
uridylyl-(3'-5')-adenosine [no description available]	2.4	2	0	nucleoside analogue; purines
glycyl-l-phenylalanine glycylphenylalanine: RN given refers to (DL)-isomer. Gly-Phe : A dipeptide formed from glycine and L-phenylalanine residues.	2.4	2	0	dipeptide zwitterion; dipeptide	human metabolite; metabolite
4-nitrophenyl alpha-glucoside 4-nitrophenyl alpha-glucoside: RN given refers to (alpha)-anomer; see also (beta)-anomers: 29857-05-4, 2492-87-7; cpd with unspecified anomer: 5779-46-4. 4-nitrophenyl alpha-D-glucoside : An alpha-D-glucoside that is beta-D-glucopyranose in which the anomeric hydroxy hydrogen is replaced by a 4-nitrophenyl group.	2.49	2	0	alpha-D-glucoside; C-nitro compound; monosaccharide derivative	chromogenic compound
droxidopa Droxidopa: A synthetic precursor of norepinephrine that is used in the treatment of PARKINSONIAN DISORDERS and ORTHOSTATIC HYPOTENSION.. droxidopa : A serine derivative that is L-serine substituted at the beta-position by a 3,4-dihydroxyphenyl group. A prodrug for noradrenalone, it is used for treatment of neurogenic orthostatic hypotension	4.01	4	0	catechols; L-tyrosine derivative	antihypertensive agent; prodrug; vasoconstrictor agent
glutamic acid dimethyl ester glutamic acid dimethyl ester: RN given refers to (L)-isomer	7.91	4	0	glutamic acid derivative
glycidyl nitrate glycidyl nitrate: a nitric oxide donor; structure in first source. peptidoglycan : A peptidoglycosaminoglycan formed by alternating residues of beta-(1->4)-linked N-acetylglucosamine and N-acetylmuramic acid {2-amino-3-O-[(S)-1-carboxyethyl]-2-deoxy-D-glucose} residues. Attached to the carboxy group of the muramic acid is a peptide chain of three to five amino acids.	7.03	59	0
aspartyl-phenylalanine aspartyl-phenylalanine: metabolite of aspartame; may inhibit angiotensin converting enzyme; RN given refers to all (L)-isomer	2.05	1	0	dipeptide	human blood serum metabolite; human xenobiotic metabolite
glycylsarcosine glycylsarcosine : A dipeptide obtained by formal condensation of the carboxy group of glycine with the amino group of sarcosine.	2.42	2	0	dipeptide zwitterion; dipeptide
xanthorrhizol xanthorrhizol: structure in first source	2.02	1	0	sesquiterpenoid
phenylisopropyladenosine [no description available]	3.62	2	0	aromatic amine; benzenes; hydrocarbyladenosine; purine nucleoside; secondary amino compound	adenosine A1 receptor agonist; neuroprotective agent
trimethyloxonium trimethyloxonium: active-site directed methylating agent; RN given refers to parent cpd	1.96	1	0
arabitol arabitol: RN given refers to cpd without isomeric designation. arabinitol : A pentitol that is the sugar alcohol produced by the reduction of arabinose or lyxose. It is found in serum or urine of human infected with Candida albicans.. D-arabinitol : The D-enantiomer of arabinitol.	2.17	1	0	arabinitol
n-acetylphenylalanine ethyl ester N-acetylphenylalanine ethyl ester: RN given refers to (L)-isomer	1.97	1	0
leucylleucine leucylleucine: RN given refers to (DL-Leu-DL-Leu)-isomer	2.05	1	0	peptide
pyrimidine dimers Pyrimidine Dimers: Dimers found in DNA chains damaged by ULTRAVIOLET RAYS. They consist of two adjacent PYRIMIDINE NUCLEOTIDES, usually THYMINE nucleotides, in which the pyrimidine residues are covalently joined by a cyclobutane ring. These dimers block DNA REPLICATION.	2.4	2	0
dehydroabietic acid dehydroabietic acid: major aquatic toxicant in effluent of pulp and paper mills. dehydroabietic acid : An abietane diterpenoid that is abieta-8,11,13-triene substituted at position 18 by a carboxy group.. dehydroabietate : A monocarboxylic acid anion that is the conjugate base of dehydroabietic acid, obtained by deprotonation of the carboxy group.	1.98	1	0	abietane diterpenoid; carbotricyclic compound; monocarboxylic acid	allergen; metabolite
pyrroline pyrroline: RN given refers to cpd with unspecified locant for dihydro moiety. pyrroline : Any organic heteromonocyclic compound with a structure based on a dihydropyrrole.	2.62	3	0	pyrroline
azomethine h azomethine H: increases Cu-Zn superoxide dismutase activity	2.11	1	0
dansyl hydrazine [no description available]	7.1	1	0
glucuronic acid Glucuronic Acid: A sugar acid formed by the oxidation of the C-6 carbon of GLUCOSE. In addition to being a key intermediate metabolite of the uronic acid pathway, glucuronic acid also plays a role in the detoxification of certain drugs and toxins by conjugating with them to form GLUCURONIDES.. D-glucuronic acid : The D-enantiomer of glucuronic acid.. D-glucopyranuronic acid : A D-glucuronic acid in cyclic pyranose form.	3.17	5	0	D-glucuronic acid	algal metabolite
isovaline isovaline: RN given refers to parent cpd(L)-isomer	7.48	2	0
2,2',4,4'-tetrabromodiphenyl ether [no description available]	2.21	1	0	aromatic ether; organobromine compound
2-methylglutamic acid 2-methylglutamic acid: RN given refers to parent cpd without isomeric designation	2.89	4	0
2-phenylsuccinate [no description available]	3.08	5	0
2-amino-5-hydroxyvaleric acid 2-amino-5-hydroxyvaleric acid: a specific marker of oxidized arginine and proline residues in proteins; RN given refers to cpd without isomeric designation; structure	2.69	3	0	alpha-amino acid
4-deoxypyridoxine 5'-phosphate [no description available]	2.38	2	0
2,2-dimethyl-beta-alanine [no description available]	3.63	9	0
sym 2081 [no description available]	3.28	6	0
prolamins Prolamins: A group of seed storage proteins restricted to the POACEAE family. They are rich in GLUTAMINE and PROLINE.	3.12	1	0
oxymethacil oxymethacil: structure	1.98	1	0
2,3-naphthalenedicarboxaldehyde 2,3-naphthalenedicarboxaldehyde: used in colorimetric determination of cholesterol; RN from CA Form Index Vol 90; N1 same as NM	3.28	6	0
4-methyleneglutamic acid 4-methyleneglutamic acid: RN given refers to (DL-Glu)-isomer	7.9	4	0	non-proteinogenic alpha-amino acid
nitrophenylgalactosides Nitrophenylgalactosides: Includes ortho-, meta-, and para-nitrophenylgalactosides.. 2-nitrophenyl beta-D-galactoside : A beta-D-galactoside having a 2-nitrophenyl substituent at the anomeric position.	3.08	5	0	beta-D-galactoside; C-nitro compound	chromogenic compound
alanylphenylalanine alanylphenylalanine: RN given refers to (L-Ala-L-PheAla)-isomer	1.97	1	0	dipeptide	metabolite
glycyl-leucyl-tyrosine glycyl-leucyl-tyrosine: structure given in first source	2.4	2	0	oligopeptide
3-isothiazolone 3-isothiazolone: has inhibitory effect on human cancer cells in vitro; structure; active ingredient of biocide Kathon	1.99	1	0
glycyl-glycyl-proline Gly-Gly-Pro : A tripeptide composed of glycine, glycine and L-proline amino acids joined in sequence by peptide linkages.	2.05	1	0	tripeptide zwitterion; tripeptide
glycylaspartic acid glycylaspartic acid: RN given refers to (L)-isomer	2.05	1	0	dipeptide	metabolite
glycyl-histidyl-glycine [no description available]	2.05	1	0	oligopeptide
3,5-dimethylpyrazole-1-carboxamidine 3,5-dimethylpyrazole-1-carboxamidine: guanidinating reagent for proteins; RN given refers to parent cpd	1.94	1	0
beta-l-aspartyl-hydrazine beta-L-aspartyl-hydrazine: antileukemic; structure	1.93	1	0
hexylglutathione S-hexylglutathione : An S-substituted glutathione that is glutathione in which the hydrogen of the thiol has been replaced by a hexyl group (PDB entry: 1PN9).	2.03	1	0	S-substituted glutathione
3,4-dehydroproline 3,4-dehydroproline: RN given refers to cpd without stereoisomeric designation	2.66	3	0
1,2,3,4-tetrahydro-1-(phenylmethyl)isoquinoline 1,2,3,4-tetrahydro-1-(phenylmethyl)isoquinoline: structure given in first source	2.1	1	0	benzyltetrahydroisoquinoline
delta(9)-tetrahydrocannabinolic acid Delta(9)-tetrahydrocannabinolic acid : A diterpenoid that is 6a,7,8,10a-tetrahydro-6H-benzo[c]chromene substituted at position 1 by a hydroxy group, positions 6, 6 and 9 by methyl groups and at position 3 by a pentyl group. A biosynthetic precursor to Delta(9)-tetrahydrocannabinol, the principal psychoactive constituent of the cannabis plant.	2.02	1	0	benzochromene; diterpenoid; hydroxy monocarboxylic acid; phytocannabinoid; polyketide	anti-inflammatory agent; biomarker; metabolite; neuroprotective agent
quindoline quindoline: a fused indole-quinoline alkaloid from CRYPTOLEPIS sanguinolenta; structure	2.08	1	0
n-glycylglutamic acid N-glycylglutamic acid: RN given refers to (L)-isomer. Gly-Glu : A dipeptide formed from glycyl and L-glutamic acid residues.	2.9	4	0	dipeptide	metabolite
tetrathiafulvalene tetrathiafulvalene: used in carbon paste amperometric enzyme electrode for the determination of glucose in flowing systems. tetrathiafulvalene : A member of the class of fulvalenes that is ethene substituted by 1,3-dithiol-2-ylidene groups at positions 1 and 2.	7.39	2	0	fulvalenes; organosulfur heterocyclic compound
diosgenin [no description available]	2.31	1	0	3beta-sterol; hexacyclic triterpenoid; sapogenin; spiroketal	antineoplastic agent; antiviral agent; apoptosis inducer; metabolite
s-2-aminoethyl cysteine S-2-aminoethyl cysteine: inhibits protein synthesis in mammalian cells; RN given refers to parent cpd; structure. L-thialysine : A cysteine derivative that is the S-(2-aminoethyl) analogue of L-cysteine; reported to have cytotoxic effects.	2.68	3	0	L-cysteine thioether; non-proteinogenic L-alpha-amino acid	EC 5.4.3.2 (lysine 2,3-aminomutase) inhibitor; metabolite; protein synthesis inhibitor
3,7-dimethyl-1-propargylxanthine 3,7-dimethyl-1-propargylxanthine: potent & selective in vivo antagonist of adenosine analogs	2.93	4	0
n-acetylasparagine N-acetylasparagine: RN given refers to (L)-isomer	2.06	1	0	asparagine derivative
phorbolol myristate acetate [no description available]	2.45	2	0
pyrimidin-2-one beta-ribofuranoside pyrimidin-2-one beta-ribofuranoside: RN given refers to (D)-isomer; structure	2.49	2	0	pyrimidine ribonucleosides
foxes Foxes: Any of several carnivores in the family CANIDAE, that possess erect ears and long bushy tails and are smaller than WOLVES. They are classified in several genera and found on all continents except Antarctica.	2.41	2	0
syringaresinol [no description available]	2.17	1	0	aromatic ether; furofuran; lignan; polyether; polyphenol	plant metabolite
kemptide [no description available]	2.39	2	0
alpha-glutamyltryptophan alpha-glutamyltryptophan: RN refers to L-isomer; a naturally occurring thymic immunomodulator. Glu-Trp : A dipeptide composed of L-glutamic acid and L-tryptophan joined by a peptide linkage.	2	1	0	dipeptide	angiogenesis modulating agent; antineoplastic agent; immunomodulator; metabolite
gamma-glutamylglycine gamma-glutamylglycine: RN given refers to (L)-isomer; note that tau here is used by some publishers in place of gamma and so does not mean position 20 on the carbon skeleton	6.36	22	0
enkephalinamide-met, ala(2)- enkephalinamide-Met, Ala(2)-: synthetic enkephalin analog;	3.07	5	0
fangchinoline fangchinoline: RN given refers to parent cpd; limacine is the (1'beta)-isomer; 7-O-demethyltetrandrine is the (1S,1'S)-isomer. fangchinoline : A bisbenzylisoquinoline alkaloid that is (1beta)- berbaman which has been substituted by methyl groups at the 2 and 2' positions, by methoxy groups at the 6, 6', and 12 positions, and by a hydroxy group at position 7. Isolated from Stephania tetrandra, it has been found to possess neuroprotective and anti-tumour activity.	2.95	4	0
arctiin arctiin: from fruits of Arctium lappa L; RN given refers to (3R-trans)-isomer; RN for cpd without isomeric designation not avail 12/92	2.1	1	0	glycoside; lignan
diphenylditelluride [no description available]	3.42	7	0
obovatol obovatol: antineoplastic agent from Magnolis obovata; structure given in first source	2.08	1	0
tuberostemonine tuberostemonine: alkaloid from Stemona japonica with anthelmintic action; structure given in first source; an azapine	2.42	2	0	alkaloid	metabolite
n,n-bis(carboxymethyl)glutamic acid N,N-bis(carboxymethyl)glutamic acid: a biodegradable chelating agent for heavy metals	2.57	2	0
gostatin gostatin: amino acid produced by Streptomyces sumanensis; time-dependent inhibitor of aspartate transaminase; structure given in first source	1.96	1	0
alpha-aminopimelic acid alpha-aminopimelic acid: antagonizes glutamate-induced inhibitions of Helix neurones. 2-aminopimelic acid : An amino dicarboxylic acid that is heptanedioic acid in which a hydrogen at position 2 is replaced by an amino group. It is a component of the cell wall peptidoglycan of bacteria.	2.68	3	0	amino dicarboxylic acid; non-proteinogenic alpha-amino acid	bacterial metabolite
histidylglycine histidylglycine: RN given refers to all (L)-isomer. His-Gly : A dipeptide formed from L-histidine and glycine residues.	2.05	1	0	dipeptide	metabolite
cyclopenol cyclopenol: RN given refers to cis-(-)-isomer	1.96	1	0
taurineamide taurineamide: structure in first source	2.06	1	0
galgravin galgravin: an anti-PAF constituent from the stems of Piper futokadsura, the Chinese drug haifengteng; structures of the isomers galgravin, galbelgin (10569-12-7) and veraguensin (19950-55-1) given in first source; RN given refers to galgravin, the (2alpha,3beta,4beta,5alpha)-isomer. galgravin : A member of the class of aryltetrahydrofurans carrying two 3,4-dimethoxyphenyl substituents at positions 2 and 5 as well as two methyl groups at positions 3 and 4.	2.05	1	0	aryltetrahydrofuran; dimethoxybenzene; lignan; ring assembly	bone density conservation agent; neuroprotective agent; plant metabolite; platelet aggregation inhibitor
meldola blue [no description available]	2.15	1	0
cerebronic acid cerebronic acid : A very long-chain hydroxy fatty acid composed of lignoceric acid having a 2-hydroxy substituent.	6.96	1	0	2-hydroxy fatty acid; straight-chain fatty acid; very long-chain fatty acid
2,3-bis(4-hydroxyphenyl)-propionitrile 2,3-bis(4-hydroxyphenyl)-propionitrile: a selective estrogen receptor beta agonist or modulator. also called DPN compound. 2,3-bis(4-hydroxyphenyl)propionitrile : A nitrile that is acetonitrile in which one of the hydrogens is replaced by a 4-hydroxyphenyl group while a second hydrogen is replaced by a 4-hydroxybenzyl group. It is a specific agonist for estrogen receptor beta (ERbeta).	2.02	1	0	nitrile; phenols	estrogen receptor agonist
4-fluoroglutamic acid 4-fluoroglutamic acid: RN given refers to cpd without isomeric designation	2.68	3	0
lanthionine lanthionine: a thioether analogue of cystine; RN given refers to (DL)-isomer; structure; a component of lantibiotics (BACTERIOCINS). lanthionine : An alanine derivative in which two alanine residues are linked on their beta-carbons by a thioether linkage.	1.99	1	0	alanine derivative; non-proteinogenic alpha-amino acid; organic sulfide	bacterial metabolite
cobalt Cobalt: A trace element that is a component of vitamin B12. It has the atomic symbol Co, atomic number 27, and atomic weight 58.93. It is used in nuclear weapons, alloys, and pigments. Deficiency in animals leads to anemia; its excess in humans can lead to erythrocytosis.. cobalt(1+) : A monovalent inorganic cation obtained from cobalt.. cobalt atom : A cobalt group element atom that has atomic number 27.	8.37	97	1	cobalt group element atom; metal allergen	micronutrient
p-methoxy-n-methylphenethylamine p-Methoxy-N-methylphenethylamine: A potent mast cell degranulator. It is involved in histamine release.. N,O-dimethyltyramine : A secondary amino compound that is tyramine in which the hydrogen of the phenolic hydroxy group has been replaced by a methyl group.	2.48	2	0	aromatic ether; secondary amino compound	metabolite
fulvestrant Fulvestrant: An estradiol derivative and estrogen receptor antagonist that is used for the treatment of estrogen receptor-positive, locally advanced or metastatic breast cancer.. fulvestrant : A 3-hydroxy steroid that is 17beta-estradiol in which the 7alpha hydrogen has been replaced by a nonyl group in which one of the hydrogens of the terminal methyl has been replaced by a (4,4,5,5,5-pentafluoropentyl)sulfinyl group. An estrogen receptor antagonist, it is used in the treatment of breast cancer.	4.55	9	0	17beta-hydroxy steroid; 3-hydroxy steroid; organofluorine compound; sulfoxide	antineoplastic agent; estrogen antagonist; estrogen receptor antagonist
1,2-bis(2-aminophenoxy)ethane-n,n,n',n'-tetraacetic acid 1,2-bis(2-aminophenoxy)ethane-N,N,N',N'-tetraacetic acid: structure in first source	6.28	56	0	polyamino carboxylic acid; tetracarboxylic acid	chelator
tritium oxide [no description available]	3.45	1	1	tritiated compound; water
mizoribine [no description available]	1.99	1	0	imidazoles	anticoronaviral agent
1-amino-1,3-dicarboxycyclopentane 1-amino-1,3-dicarboxycyclopentane: RN given refers to (cis)-isomer	9.53	213	0
chlorates Chlorates: Inorganic salts of chloric acid that contain the ClO3- ion.	2.96	4	0	chlorine oxoanion; monovalent inorganic anion
desethylamiodarone desethylamiodarone: metabolite of amiodarone; structure given in first source	1.97	1	0	aromatic ketone
tert-butylbicyclophosphorothionate tert-butylbicyclophosphorothionate: binds to GABA & ion recognition sites; structure given in first source	1.97	1	0	organic thiophosphate
enkephalin, d-penicillamine (2,5)- Enkephalin, D-Penicillamine (2,5)-: A disulfide opioid pentapeptide that selectively binds to the DELTA OPIOID RECEPTOR. It possesses antinociceptive activity.. DPDPE : A heterodetic cyclic peptide that is a cyclic enkephalin analogue, having D-penicillaminyl residues located at positions 2 and 5, which form the heterocycle via a disulfide bond.	4.3	19	0	heterodetic cyclic peptide	delta-opioid receptor agonist
u 73122 1-(6-((3-methoxyestra-1,3,5(10)-trien-17-yl)amino)hexyl)-1H-pyrrole-2,5-dione: structure given in first source. U-73122 : An aza-steroid that is 3-O-methyl-17beta-estradiol in which the 17beta-hydroxy group is replaced by a 6-(maleimid-1-yl)hexylamino group. An inibitor of phospholipase C.	3.96	13	0	aromatic ether; aza-steroid; maleimides	EC 3.1.4.11 (phosphoinositide phospholipase C) inhibitor
arginyl-glycyl-aspartic acid arginyl-glycyl-aspartic acid: amino acid sequence of basic unit of widespread cellular recognition system	4.93	11	0	oligopeptide
calcium phosphate, dibasic, dihydrate calcium phosphate, dibasic, dihydrate: Molecular formula CaHPO(4)-2(H2O)	2.1	1	0	calcium salt; hydrate
vitamin b 6 Vitamin B 6: VITAMIN B 6 refers to several PICOLINES (especially PYRIDOXINE; PYRIDOXAL; & PYRIDOXAMINE) that are efficiently converted by the body to PYRIDOXAL PHOSPHATE which is a coenzyme for synthesis of amino acids, neurotransmitters (serotonin, norepinephrine), sphingolipids, and aminolevulinic acid. During transamination of amino acids, pyridoxal phosphate is transiently converted into PYRIDOXAMINE phosphate. Although pyridoxine and Vitamin B 6 are still frequently used as synonyms, especially by medical researchers, this practice is erroneous and sometimes misleading (EE Snell; Ann NY Acad Sci, vol 585 pg 1, 1990). Most of vitamin B6 is eventually degraded to PYRIDOXIC ACID and excreted in the urine.	5.22	12	1
1,4-dihydropyridine [no description available]	4.34	6	0
quin2 Quin2: fluorescent highly selective Ca indicator, binding Ca 1:1; structure given in first source	2.38	2	0
alphaxalone alphaxalone: RN given refers to (3alpha,5alpha)-isomer; structure	2.4	2	0	corticosteroid hormone
sr141716 [no description available]	12.16	44	0	amidopiperidine; carbohydrazide; dichlorobenzene; monochlorobenzenes; pyrazoles	anti-obesity agent; appetite depressant; CB1 receptor antagonist
s-nitrosoglutathione [no description available]	3.89	12	0	glutathione derivative; nitrosothio compound	bronchodilator agent; nitric oxide donor; platelet aggregation inhibitor; signalling molecule
bosentan anhydrous Bosentan: A sulfonamide and pyrimidine derivative that acts as a dual endothelin receptor antagonist used to manage PULMONARY HYPERTENSION and SYSTEMIC SCLEROSIS.	3.6	2	0	primary alcohol; pyrimidines; sulfonamide	antihypertensive agent; endothelin receptor antagonist
bicuculline methiodide [no description available]	6	43	0
cp-55,940 [no description available]	3.27	1	0
u 74006f tirilazad: a lazaroid; potent inhibitor of iron-dependent lipid peroxidation; has shown excellent activity in in vivo models of experimental central nervous system trauma & ischemia; structure given in first source; tradename Freedox	1.99	1	0	corticosteroid hormone
diacetyldichlorofluorescein diacetyldichlorofluorescein: stable storage form of dichlorofluorescein	2.7	3	0
u 74389f U 74389F: a 21-aminosteroid antioxidant (lazaroids); inhibitor of iron-dependent lipid peroxidation; structure in first source	2	1	0
cp 96345 CP 96345: structure given in first source; potent nonpeptide antagonist of the substance P (NK1) receptor; CP 96344 is enantiomer of CP 96345	2.9	4	0
1-(2-(3-(4-methoxyphenyl)propoxy)-4-methoxyphenylethyl)-1h-imidazole 1-(2-(3-(4-methoxyphenyl)propoxy)-4-methoxyphenylethyl)-1H-imidazole: inhibits platelet aggregation & Ca2+ entry into platelets. SKF-96365 free base : An ether that is 2-(1H-imidazol-1-yl)-1-(4-methoxyphenyl)ethanol in which the hydrogen of the hydroxy group has been substituted by a 3-(4-methoxyphenyl)propyl group.	2.43	2	0	ether; imidazoles; monomethoxybenzene	TRP channel blocker
chlorethylclonidine chlorethylclonidine: RN refers to 2-chloroethyl derivative	2.39	2	0
sr 48968 SR 48968: structure given in first source; neurokinin A antagonist; tachykinin receptor antagonist; SR 48965 is the inactive R-enantiomer of SR 48968	2.71	3	0
fluo-3 Fluo-3: fluorescent Ca(2+) indicator; permits continuous monitoring of Ca without interference with use of UV-sensitive caged compounds	4.83	33	0	xanthene dye	fluorochrome
methyl 6,7-dimethoxy-4-ethyl-beta-carboline-3-carboxylate methyl 6,7-dimethoxy-4-ethyl-beta-carboline-3-carboxylate: structure given in first source	2.08	1	0	beta-carbolines
paxilline paxilline: structure given in first source; RN given refers to (2R-(2alpha,4bbeta,6aalpha,12bbeta,12calpha,14abeta))-isomer. paxilline : An indole diterpene alkaloid with formula C27H33NO4 isolated from Penicillium paxilli. It is a potent inhibitor of large conductance Ca2(+)- and voltage-activated K(+) (BK)-type channels.	3.54	8	0	diterpene alkaloid; enone; organic heterohexacyclic compound; terpenoid indole alkaloid; tertiary alcohol	anticonvulsant; Aspergillus metabolite; EC 3.6.3.8 (Ca(2+)-transporting ATPase) inhibitor; genotoxin; geroprotector; mycotoxin; Penicillium metabolite; potassium channel blocker
prolinedithiocarbamate prolinedithiocarbamate: do not confuse with pyrrolidine dithiocarbamate which is also abbreviated PDTC	2.08	1	0
fructose 2,6-diphosphate fructose 2,6-diphosphate: phosphofructokinase activator synthesized via Mg-ATP & fructose-6-P. beta-D-fructofuranose 2,6-bisphosphate : A D-fructofuranose 2,6-bisphosphate with a beta-configuration at the anomeric centre.	2.46	2	0	D-fructofuranose 2,6-bisphosphate	human metabolite; mouse metabolite
selenomethionine [no description available]	2.05	1	0	amino acid zwitterion; selenomethionine	plant metabolite
artesunic acid [no description available]	2.13	1	0
dihydrorhodamine 123 dihydrorhodamine 123: uncharged & nonfluorescent derivative of the laser dye rhodamine 123; flow cytometric indicator for respiratory burst activity in neutrophil granulocytes	2.69	3	0
cyanates Cyanates: Organic salts of cyanic acid containing the -OCN radical.. cyanates : Salts and esters of cyanic acid, HOC#N; compounds carrying the cyanate functional group -O-C#N.. isocyanates : Organonitrogen compounds that are derivatives of isocyanic acid; compounds containing the isocyanate functional group -N=C=O (as opposed to the cyanate group, -O-C#N).	2.7	3	0
bradykinin, des-arg(9)- bradykinin, des-Arg(9)-: RN given refers to parent cpd	2.05	1	0	oligopeptide	bradykinin receptor B2 agonist
(3h)2-carbomethoxy-3-(4-fluorophenyl)tropane (1R-(exo,exo))-3-(4-fluorophenyl)-8-methyl-8- azabicyclo(3.2.1)octane-2-carboxylic acid, methyl ester: RN given refers to (1R-(exo,exo))-isomer	3.26	6	0
indo-1 indo-1: structure given in first source	3.1	5	0	indoles	fluorochrome
pregnenolone sulfate pregnenolone sulfate: RN given refers to (3 beta)-isomer	4.43	21	0	steroid sulfate	EC 2.7.1.33 (pantothenate kinase) inhibitor; human metabolite
beta-carboline-3-carboxylic acid ethyl ester beta-carboline-3-carboxylic acid ethyl ester: isolated from brain tissue & urine; extremely potent displacer of diazepam from brain benzodiazepam receptors; structure in first source	1.98	1	0	beta-carbolines
epibatidine epibatidine: a powerful, though toxic, pain killer produced by the poison arrow frog, Epipedobates tricolor; structure given in first source; more potent than morphine but acts at nicotine rather than opiate receptors	2.72	3	0
beta-n-methylamino-l-alanine beta-N-methylamino-L-alanine: glutamate agonist. L-BMAA : A non-proteinogenic L-alpha-amino acid that is L-alanine in which one of the methyl hydrogens is replaced by a methylamino group. A non-proteinogenic amino acid produced by cyanobacteria, it is a neurotoxin that has been postulated as a possible cause of neurodegenerative disorders of aging such as Alzheimer's disease, amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, and the amyotrophic lateral sclerosis/parkinsonism-dementia complex (ALS-PDC) syndrome of Guam.	5.89	18	0	diamino acid; L-alanine derivative; non-proteinogenic L-alpha-amino acid; secondary amino compound	bacterial metabolite; neurotoxin
fura-2-am fura-2-am: pentaester precursor of fura-2	4.31	19	0
u 69593 U 69593: selective ligand for opioid K-receptor. U69593 : A monocarboxylic acid amide obtained by formal condensation between the carboxy group of phenylacetic acid and the secodary amino group of (5R,7S,8S)-N-methyl-7-(pyrrolidin-1-yl)-1-oxaspiro[4.5]decan-8-amine.	5.19	15	0	monocarboxylic acid amide; N-alkylpyrrolidine; organic heterobicyclic compound; oxaspiro compound	anti-inflammatory agent; diuretic; kappa-opioid receptor agonist
fumitremorgin b fumitremorgin B: intermediary in TR-2 mycotoxin biosyn; RN given refers to (5aR-(5aalpha,6alpha,12beta,14aalpha))-isomer; structure given in first source. fumitremorgin B : An organic heteropentacyclic compound that is a mycotoxic indole alkaloid produced by several fungi via a tryptophan-proline diketopiperazine intermediate.	1.96	1	0	indole alkaloid; organic heteropentacyclic compound	mycotoxin
valylvaline valylvaline: RN given refers to (L)-isomer. Val-Val : A dipeptide formed from two L-valine residues.	2.4	2	0	dipeptide	Mycoplasma genitalium metabolite
4-ketoproline 4-ketoproline: RN given refers to cpd without isomeric designation. 4-oxo-L-proline : The L-enantiomer of 4-oxoproline.	1.99	1	0	4-oxoproline; amino acid zwitterion; L-proline derivative; non-proteinogenic L-alpha-amino acid
methyllycaconitine methyllycaconitine: natural toxin from seeds of Delphinium brownii; parasympathomimetic and mild nicotine antagonist; antagonist of alpha-conotoxin-MII sensitive presynaptic nicotinic receptors; potent insecticide; RN refers to (1alpha,4(S),6beta,14alpha,16beta)-isomer	3.83	11	0
fluorocitrate fluorocitrate: competitve inhibitor of aconitase; effects morphology of kidney tubules in fluorocitrate poisoning; RN given refers to cpd with unspecified isomeric designation	5.3	17	0	carbonyl compound
s-ethyl glutathione [no description available]	2	1	0	oligopeptide
u 78517f U 78517F: iron-catalyzed lipid peroxidation inhibitor; structure given in first source; RN given is for diHCl	3.09	5	0
3-((3-cholamidopropyl)dimethylammonium)-1-propanesulfonate 3-((3-cholamidopropyl)dimethylammonium)-1-propanesulfonate: a surfactant; structure given in first source	1.97	1	0	1,1-diunsubstituted alkanesulfonate
7,7-diphenyl-2-(1-imino-2-(2-methoxyphenyl)ethyl)perhydroisoindol-4-one 7,7-diphenyl-2-(1-imino-2-(2-methoxyphenyl)ethyl)perhydroisoindol-4-one: structure given in first source; RP 68651 is the inactive (3aS,7aS)-isomer; substance P antagonist	2.05	1	0
l-lactic acid (S)-lactic acid : An optically active form of lactic acid having (S)-configuration.	2	1	0	(2S)-2-hydroxy monocarboxylic acid; 2-hydroxypropanoic acid	Escherichia coli metabolite; human metabolite
n,n-diallyl-tyrosyl-alpha-aminoisobutyric acid-phenylalanyl-leucine [no description available]	2.39	2	0
bremazocine bremazocine: potent, log-acting opiate kappa-agonist & centrally acting analgesic; RN given refers to (2R)-isomer; structure given in first source	2	1	0
cgp 35348 CGP 35348: antagonizes both GABA-A and GABA-B receptors	4.73	30	0
beta-carboline-3-carboxylic acid methyl ester beta-carboline-3-carboxylic acid methyl ester: structure given in first source	2	1	0	beta-carbolines
fumitremorgin a Fumitremorgin A: isolated from fungus Aspergillus fumigatus; structure given in first source; RN given refers to (5R-(5alpha,10alpha,10aalpha,14aalpha,15balpha))-isomer. fumitremorgin A : An organic heterohexacyclic compound that is a mycotoxic indole alkaloid obtained by prenylation of the 10-hydroxy group of verruculogen.	1.96	1	0	aromatic ether; diol; indole alkaloid; organic heterohexacyclic compound; organic peroxide	mycotoxin
22-hydroxycholesterol [no description available]	2.01	1	0	cholanoid
inositol 1-phosphate 1D-myo-inositol 1-phosphate : An inositol having myo- configuration substituted at position 1 by a phosphate group.	2.67	3	0
cv 6209 CV 6209: platelet activating factor antagonist; structure given in first source	1.99	1	0
inositol-1,3,4,5-tetrakisphosphate inositol-1,3,4,5-tetrakisphosphate: for cpd without numerical locants of phosphate groups, index INOSITOL PHOSPHATES. 1D-myo-inositol 1,3,4,5-tetrakisphosphate : A myo-inositol tetrakisphosphate having the four phosphates placed in the 1-, 3-, 4- and 5-positions.	2.01	1	0	inositol phosphate
methoctramine methoctramine: structure given in first source. methoctramine : A tetramine that is N,N'-bis(6-aminohexyl)octane-1,8-diamine where the primary amino groups both carry 2-methoxybenzyl substituents.. methoctramine tetrahydrochloride : A hydrochloride obtained by combining methoctramine with four molar equivalents of hydrochloric acid.	3.1	5	0	hydrochloride	muscarinic antagonist
18,19-dihydroetorphine 18,19-dihydroetorphine: RN given refers to (5alpha,7alpha(R))-isomer; structure given in first source	1.99	1	0
dimyristoylphosphatidylglycerol [no description available]	2.44	2	0
1,1-dimethylheptyl-11-hydroxytetrahydrocannabinol HU 211: structure given in first source; HU 211 is active & HU 210 is inactive as canibinoids; functional N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor blocker; RN given is for (6aS-trans)-isomer	3.99	13	0
gr 127935 GR 127935: a 5-HT 1D receptor antagonist. GR 127935 : A member of the class of benzamides obtained by formal condensation of the carboxy group of 2'-methyl-4'-(5-methyl-1,2,4-oxadiazol-3-yl)biphenyl-4-carboxylic acid and the anilino group of 4-methoxy-3-(4-methylpiperazin-1-yl)aniline. Potent and selective 5-HT1B/1D receptor antagonist (pKi values are 8.5 for both guinea pig 5-HT1D and rat 5-HT1B receptors). Displays > 100-fold selectivity over 5HT1A, 5-HT2A, 5-HT2C receptors and other receptor types. Centrally active following oral administration.	2.4	2	0	1,2,4-oxadiazole; benzamides; N-alkylpiperazine; N-arylpiperazine
saikosaponin d [no description available]	3.19	5	0
6-hydroxydopa 6-hydroxydopa: RN given refers to cpd without isomeric designation	3.79	3	0	non-proteinogenic alpha-amino acid
perindopril Perindopril: An angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor. It is used in patients with hypertension and heart failure.. perindopril : An alpha-amino acid ester that is the ethyl ester of N-{(2S)-1-[(2S,3aS,7aS)-2-carboxyoctahydro-1H-indol-1-yl]-1-oxopropan-2-yl}-L-norvaline	2.46	2	0	alpha-amino acid ester; dicarboxylic acid monoester; ethyl ester; organic heterobicyclic compound	antihypertensive agent; EC 3.4.15.1 (peptidyl-dipeptidase A) inhibitor
hypotaurine [no description available]	3.09	5	0	aminosulfinic acid; zwitterion	human metabolite; metabolite; mouse metabolite
tryptoline tryptoline: neurotoxic factor that may be involved in development of Parkinson's disease; enzymatic prep from human brain converts tryptamine to tryptoline; RN given refers to parent cpd; structure	2.44	2	0	beta-carbolines
ethacizine [no description available]	7.38	2	0	phenothiazines
enkephalin, ser(2), leu(5), thr(6)- enkephalin, Ser(2), Leu(5), Thr(6)-: specific probe for the delta-opiate receptor subtype in brain membranes	1.96	1	0	oligopeptide
phorbol-12-myristate [no description available]	2.1	1	0
afdx 116 otenzepad: cardioselective muscarinic receptor antagonist; structure given in first source	2.38	2	0	benzodiazepine
procyanidin Proanthocyanidins: Dimers and oligomers of flavan-3-ol units (CATECHIN analogs) linked mainly through C4 to C8 bonds to leucoanthocyanidins. They are structurally similar to ANTHOCYANINS but are the result of a different fork in biosynthetic pathways.	3.34	6	0	proanthocyanidin
dihydrokainate [no description available]	5.99	106	0	dicarboxylic acid
sr 95531 [no description available]	5.25	48	0	methoxybenzenes
epicatechin gallate epicatechin gallate: a steroid 5alpha-reductase inhibitor; RN given refers to the (cis)-isomer; structure given in first source; isolated from green tea. (-)-epicatechin-3-O-gallate : A gallate ester obtained by formal condensation of the carboxy group of gallic acid with the (3R)-hydroxy group of epicatechin. A natural product found in Parapiptadenia rigida.	2.04	1	0	catechin; gallate ester; polyphenol	EC 3.2.1.1 (alpha-amylase) inhibitor; EC 3.2.1.20 (alpha-glucosidase) inhibitor; metabolite
phosphites Phosphites: Inorganic salts or organic esters of phosphorous acid that contain the (3-)PO3 radical. (From Grant & Hackh's Chemical Dictionary, 5th ed). phosphite(3-) : A trivalent inorganic anion obtained by removal of all three protons from phosphorous acid.	7.72	3	0	phosphite ion; trivalent inorganic anion
(2-(trimethylammonium)ethyl)methanethiosulfonate (2-(trimethylammonium)ethyl)methanethiosulfonate: RN given for bromide; used in dopamine analysis	2.72	3	0
1,9-dideoxyforskolin [no description available]	2	1	0	acetate ester; labdane diterpenoid; organic heterotricyclic compound	plant metabolite
cl 218872 CL 218872: shows specific action on benzodiazepine receptors; structure	1.96	1	0	pyridazines; ring assembly
u 74500a U 74500A: potent inhibitor of iron-dependent lipid peroxidation; has excellent activity in in vivo models of experimental CNS trauma & ischemia; structure given in first source; RN given is for 3,6-bis(diethylamino) cpd; Cancer Lett 1992;64(1):61-6 uses 5,6-bis(diethylamino) cpd for U 74500A	2	1	0
fk 888 FK 888: structure given in first source; a potent NK(1) receptor antagonist	2.01	1	0	peptide
s-methylthiocitrulline S-methylthiocitrulline: a nitric oxide synthase inhibitor; structure in first source. S-methyl-L-thiocitrulline : An L-arginine derivative in which the guanidino NH2 group of L-arginine is replaced by a methylsufanyl group.	1.99	1	0	imidothiocarbamic ester; L-arginine derivative; L-ornithine derivative; non-proteinogenic L-alpha-amino acid	EC 1.14.13.39 (nitric oxide synthase) inhibitor; neuroprotective agent
fingolimod hydrochloride Fingolimod Hydrochloride: A sphingosine-derivative and IMMUNOSUPPRESSIVE AGENT that blocks the migration and homing of LYMPHOCYTES to the CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM through its action on SPHINGOSINE 1-PHOSPHATE RECEPTORS. It is used in the treatment of MULTIPLE SCLEROSIS.. fingolimod hydrochloride : The hydrochloride salt of 2-amino-2-[2-(4-octylphenyl) ethyl]-1,3-propanediol (fingolimod).	3.62	8	0	hydrochloride	immunosuppressive agent; prodrug; sphingosine-1-phosphate receptor agonist
fingolimod fingolimod : An aminodiol that consists of propane-1,3-diol having amino and 2-(4-octylphenyl)ethyl substituents at the 2-position. It is a sphingosine 1-phosphate receptor modulator used for the treatment of relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis. A prodrug, fingolimod is phosphorylated by sphingosine kinase to active metabolite fingolimod-phosphate, a structural analogue of sphingosine 1-phosphate.	2.05	1	0	aminodiol; primary amino compound	antineoplastic agent; CB1 receptor antagonist; immunosuppressive agent; prodrug; sphingosine-1-phosphate receptor agonist
daidzin daidzin: a potent, selective, and reversible inhibitor of human mitochondrial aldehyde dehydrogenase. daidzein 7-O-beta-D-glucoside : A glycosyloxyisoflavone that is daidzein attached to a beta-D-glucopyranosyl residue at position 7 via a glycosidic linkage. It is used in the treatment of alcohol dependency (antidipsotropic).	2.01	1	0	7-hydroxyisoflavones 7-O-beta-D-glucoside; hydroxyisoflavone; monosaccharide derivative	plant metabolite
parinaric acid parinaric acid: long-chain polyenoic fatty acid; RN given refers to cpd without isomeric designation. parinaric acid : An octadecatetraenoic acid containing a conjugated system of double bonds at positions 9, 11, 13 and 15.	2	1	0	octadecatetraenoic acid
n(g)-iminoethylornithine [no description available]	2.93	4	0	L-alpha-amino acid
triptolide [no description available]	2.44	2	0	diterpenoid; epoxide; gamma-lactam; organic heteroheptacyclic compound	antispermatogenic agent; plant metabolite
6-chloro-2-(1-piperazinyl)pyrazine [no description available]	2.75	3	0	N-arylpiperazine
3,5-dihydroxyphenylglycine 3,5-dihydroxyphenylglycine: a potent agonst of metabotropic glutamate receptors	5.08	42	0	alpha-amino acid
cobaltiprotoporphyrin cobaltiprotoporphyrin: RN given refers to cobalt protoporphyrin IX	2.44	2	0
5-methoxy 3-(1,2,3,6-tetrahydro-4-pyridinyl)1h indole [no description available]	2.67	3	0	indoles
alpha-(4-fluorophenyl)-4-(5-fluoro-2-pyrimidinyl)-1-piperazine butanol alpha-(4-fluorophenyl)-4-(5-fluoro-2-pyrimidinyl)-1-piperazine butanol: NM refers to free form; BMY 14802-1 is the HCl; structure given in first source	2.03	1	0	N-arylpiperazine
alpha-methylphenylalanine alpha-methylphenylalanine: induces chronic hyperphenylalaninemia in suckling rats; models for the study of inborn errors of metabolism; RN given refers to parent cpd without isomeric designation	2.05	1	0	benzenes; monocarboxylic acid
acromelic acid a acromelic acid A: isolated from poisonous mushroom Clitocybe acromelaga; structure given in first source. acromelic acid A : A pyrrolidinecarboxylic acid that is siolated from the poisonous mushroom Clitocybe amoenolens.	8.99	4	0	pyridone; pyrrolidinecarboxylic acid; tricarboxylic acid	fungal metabolite; neurotoxin; NMDA receptor agonist
rx 821002 2-methoxyidazoxan: 2-methoxy analog of idazoxan. 2-methoxyidazoxan : A benzodioxine that is idazoxan substituted at position 2 by a methoxy group.	2.4	2	0	benzodioxine; cyclic ketal; imidazolines	alpha-adrenergic antagonist
npc 12626 NPC 12626: N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor antagonist; structure given in first source; NPC 17742, the (2R,4R,5S)-isomer, is the most potent isomer in the mixture NPC 12626	1.98	1	0
benzamil [no description available]	2.42	2	0	guanidines; pyrazines
2-deoxyglucose-6-phosphate [no description available]	2.91	4	0	deoxyaldohexose phosphate	Escherichia coli metabolite; Mycoplasma genitalium metabolite
schizandrin b schizandrin B: a phytogenic antineoplastic agent with anti-inflammatory activity; isolated from Schisandra plant	2.8	3	0
dynorphin (1-8) dynorphin (1-8): opioid octapeptide from porcine hypothalamus; comprises the N-terminal eight residues of dynorphin	3.07	5	0
sch 28080 Sch 28080: not related structurally to other known anti-ulcer agents; inhibits histamine-stimulated gastric secretion; prevents gastric lesions induced by aspirin, indomethacin & ethanol	3.1	5	0	imidazopyridine
senktide [no description available]	3.13	5	0
ecteinascidin 743 [no description available]	2.05	1	0	acetate ester; azaspiro compound; bridged compound; hemiaminal; isoquinoline alkaloid; lactone; organic heteropolycyclic compound; organic sulfide; oxaspiro compound; polyphenol; tertiary amino compound	alkylating agent; angiogenesis modulating agent; anti-inflammatory agent; antineoplastic agent; marine metabolite
kt 5823 KT 5823: indolocarbazole; activates human neutrophils & fails to inhibit cGMP-dependent protein kinase phosphorylation of vimentin. KT 5823 : An organic heterooctacyclic compound that is 1H,1'H-2,2'-biindole in which the nitrogens have undergone formal oxidative coupling to positions 2 and 5 of methyl (3R)-3-methoxy-2-methyltetrahydrofuran-3-carboxylate (the 2S,3R,5R product), and in which the 3 and 3' positions of the biindole moiety have also undergone formal oxidative coupling to positions 3 and 4 of 1-methyl-1,5-dihydro-2H-pyrrol-2-one.	3.42	7	0	gamma-lactam; hemiaminal; indolocarbazole; methyl ester; organic heterooctacyclic compound	EC 2.7.11.12 (cGMP-dependent protein kinase) inhibitor
1-hexadecyl-2-acetyl-glycero-3-phosphocholine Platelet Activating Factor: A phospholipid derivative formed by PLATELETS; BASOPHILS; NEUTROPHILS; MONOCYTES; and MACROPHAGES. It is a potent platelet aggregating agent and inducer of systemic anaphylactic symptoms, including HYPOTENSION; THROMBOCYTOPENIA; NEUTROPENIA; and BRONCHOCONSTRICTION.. 2-O-acetyl-1-O-hexadecyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine : A 2-acetyl-1-alkyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine betaine which has hexadecyl as the alkyl group. PAF is a potent phospholipid activator and mediator of many leukocyte functions, including platelet aggregation, inflammation, and anaphylaxis.	6.39	17	0	2-acetyl-1-alkyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine	antihypertensive agent; beta-adrenergic antagonist; bronchoconstrictor agent; hematologic agent; vasodilator agent
sr 140333 SR 140333: SR-140603 is the (R)-antipode of SR-140333; a neurokinin-1 receptor antagonist	2.02	1	0
zacopride [no description available]	1.97	1	0	benzamides
deoxyglucose Deoxyglucose: 2-Deoxy-D-arabino-hexose. An antimetabolite of glucose with antiviral activity.. deoxyglucose : A deoxyhexose comprising glucose having at least one hydroxy group replaced by hydrogen.	9.07	65	1
gamma-glutamylphenylalanine gamma-glutamylphenylalanine: RN given refers to (L-Phe-L-Glu)-isomer. gamma-Glu-Phe : A dipeptide obtained by formal condensation of the side-chain carboxy group of L-glutamic acid with the amino group of L-phenylalanine.. gamma-glutamylphenylalanine : A dipeptide composed of glutamic acid and phenylalanine joined together by a peptide linkage.	2.44	2	0	dipeptide	human urinary metabolite
prolinamide prolinamide: RN given refers to cpd without isomeric designation. L-prolinamide : The carboxamide derivative of L-proline.	2.05	1	0	amino acid amide; L-proline derivative; pyrrolidinecarboxamide
leucinol leucinol: RN given for (L)-isomer	2.01	1	0
anserine Anserine: A dipeptide containing BETA-ALANINE.. anserine : A dipeptide comprising of beta-alanine and 3-methyl-L-histidine units.	2.46	2	0	beta-alanine derivative; dipeptide; zwitterion	animal metabolite; mouse metabolite
10-hydroxycarbamazepine 10,11-dihydro-10-hydroxycarbamazepine: main metabolite of oxcarbazepine; structure given in first source. licarbazepine : A dibenzoazepine that is 5H-dibenzo[b,f]azepine, reduced across the C-10,11 positions and carrying a carbamoyl substituent at the azepine nitrogen and a hydroxy function at C-10. A voltage-gated sodium channel blocker with anticonvulsant and mood-stabilizing effects, it is related to oxcarbazepine and is an active metabolite of oxcarbazepine.	1.98	1	0	carboxamide; dibenzoazepine; ureas	anticonvulsant; drug allergen; sodium channel blocker
territrem b territrem B: tremorgenic mycotoxin from Aspergillus terreus; RN given refers to (4aR-(4aalpha,6abeta,12aalpha,12bbeta))-isomer	1.98	1	0
metaphit metaphit: site-directed acylating agent of phencyclidine receptors in rat brain; structure given in first source	2.01	1	0
3',4'-dichlorobenzamil 3',4'-dichlorobenzamil: inhibits Na-Ca exchange in membrane vesicle & papillary muscle preparations from guinea pig heart	2.68	3	0	guanidines; pyrazines
u 73343 U 73343: an inactive analog of U 73122	1.98	1	0
liquiritigenin liquiritigenin: structure given in first source; isolated from Pterocarpus marsupium. 4',7-dihydroxyflavanone : A dihydroxyflavanone in which the two hydroxy substituents are located at positions 4' and 7.. liquiritigenin : A dihydroxyflavanone compound having the two hydroxy substituents at the 4'- and 7-positions. Isolated from the root of Glycyrrhizae uralensis, it is a selective agonist for oestrogen receptor beta.	2.08	1	0	4',7-dihydroxyflavanone	hormone agonist; plant metabolite
3-deoxyglucosone 3-deoxyglucosone: RN given refers to (D)-isomer. 3-deoxyglucosone : A deoxyketohexose comprising the open-chain form of D-glucose lacking the -OH group at the 3-position and having the keto group at the 2-position.	2.05	1	0	deoxyglucose; deoxyketohexose
oxymatrine oxysophoridine: an alkaloid isolated from Sophra alope; structure in first source	2.03	1	0	alkaloid; tertiary amine oxide
n-(1-methyl-2-phenylethyl)adenosine N-(1-methyl-2-phenylethyl)adenosine: RN given refers to cpd without isomeric designation; structure given in first source	2.41	2	0
dodecyl-beta-d-maltoside dodecyl beta-D-maltoside : A glycoside resulting from attachment of a dodecyl group to the reducing-end anomeric centre of a beta-maltose molecule.	2.31	1	0	disaccharide derivative; glycoside	detergent
glutathione monoisopropyl ester glutathione monoisopropyl ester: prevents mitochondrial damage in muscle after marked depletion of glutathione	2.02	1	0
pd 123177 PD 123177: nonpeptide angiotensin AII-2 inhibitor	2	1	0	diarylmethane
landiolol landiolol: structure given in first source; a highly cardioselective ultra short-acting beta-blocker	2.06	1	0	morpholines
tanshinone tanshinone: from root of Salvia miltiorrhiza Bunge; RN given refers to tanshinone I; cardioprotective agent and neuroprotective agent	2.78	3	0	abietane diterpenoid	anticoronaviral agent
cinnabarinic acid cinnabarinic acid: structure	2.07	1	0	phenoxazine
tert-butylbicyclo-2-benzoate tert-butylbicyclo-2-benzoate: structure given in first source; RN given refers to tritium-labeled cpd	1.97	1	0
bn 50739 BN 50739: platelet activating factor antagonist; structure given in first source	1.98	1	0
s-sulphocysteine S-sulphocysteine: residues in physiologically significant proteins treated with sulfite; RN given refers to parent cpd; structure. S-sulfo-L-cysteine : An S-substituted L-cysteine where the S-substituent is specified as a sulfo group.	2.39	2	0	organic thiosulfate; S-substituted L-cysteine	human metabolite; plant metabolite
monobutyryl cyclic amp monobutyryl cyclic AMP: RN given refers to parent cpd. N(6)-butyryl-cAMP : A 3',5'-cyclic purine nucleotide that is 3',5'-cyclic AMP in which the exocyclic amino group on the purine fragment is carrying a butyryl substituent.	1.96	1	0	3',5'-cyclic purine nucleotide; adenyl ribonucleotide; butanamides	protein kinase agonist
pterosin b pterosin B: structure in first source	2.6	1	0
gastrodin gastrodin: the glucoside of 4-hydroxybenzyl alcohol (gastrodigenin); isolated from Gastrodia elata Blume;	3.81	10	0	glycoside
globomycin [no description available]	1.98	1	0	cyclodepsipeptide
quadazocine quadazocine: RN given refers to (2 alpha,6 alpha,11S*)-(+-)-isomer	1.98	1	0
trypanothione trypanothione disulfide : An organic disulfide resulting from the formal oxidative coupling of the thiol groups of N(1),N(8)-bis(glutathionyl)-spermidine from the insect-parasitic trypanosomatid Crithidia fasciculata.	2.4	2	0	organic disulfide
way 100135 WAY 100135: a selective antagonist at presynaptic & postsynaptic 5-HT(1A) receptors; structure given in first source	3.4	7	0	piperazines
2-(2,3-dicarboxycyclopropyl)glycine [no description available]	4.62	26	0
ponasterone a ponasterone A: RN given refers to (2 beta,3 beta,5 beta,22R)-isomer	2.42	2	0	14alpha-hydroxy steroid; 20-hydroxy steroid; 22-hydroxy steroid; 2beta-hydroxy steroid; 3beta-hydroxy steroid; 6-oxo steroid; phytoecdysteroid
ifosfamide [no description available]	2.41	1	0
dihydro-dids [no description available]	1.97	1	0
delta-philanthotoxin delta-philanthotoxin: from wasp Philanthus triangulum; blocks transmission postsynaptically at excitory synapses	4.07	15	0
3'-o-(4-benzoyl)benzoyladenosine 5'-triphosphate 3'-O-(4-benzoyl)benzoyladenosine 5'-triphosphate: purinergic receptors agonist; structure given in first source	4.25	17	0	purine ribonucleoside triphosphate
1-(4-ethynylphenyl)-4-propyl-2,6,7-trioxabicyclo(2.2.2)octane 1-(4-ethynylphenyl)-4-propyl-2,6,7-trioxabicyclo(2.2.2)octane: GABA(A) receptor ligand for autoradiography	2.02	1	0
thiacloprid thiacloprid: structure in first source. (Z)-thiacloprid : The (Z)-stereoisomer of thiacloprid.. thiacloprid : A nitrile that is cyanamide in which the hydrogens are replaced by a 1,3-thiazolidin-2-ylidene group which in turn is substituted by a (6-chloropyridin-3-yl)methyl group at the ring nitrogen.	2.25	1	0	monochloropyridine; nitrile; thiazolidines	environmental contaminant; neonicotinoid insectide; xenobiotic
sc 58125 1-((4-methylsulfonyl)phenyl)-3-trifluoromethyl-5-(4-fluorophenyl)pyrazole: a COX-2 inhibitor	2.06	1	0	organofluorine compound; pyrazoles; sulfone	antineoplastic agent; cyclooxygenase 2 inhibitor
stachydrine stachydrine: RN given refers to hydroxide inner salt (S)-isomer; structure. L-proline betaine : An amino acid betaine that is L-proline zwitterion in which both of the hydrogens attached to the nitrogen are replaced by methyl groups.	1.97	1	0	alkaloid; amino-acid betaine; N-methyl-L-alpha-amino acid	food component; human blood serum metabolite; plant metabolite
n-phthaloylglutamic acid N-phthaloylglutamic acid: hydrolytic metabolite of thalidomide; RN given refers to (L)-isomer	1.97	1	0
2-aminobicyclo(2,2,1)heptane-2-carboxylic acid 2-aminobicyclo(2,2,1)heptane-2-carboxylic acid: amino acid analog; releases insulin; RN given refers to unlabeled cpd without isomeric designation	3.6	9	0	monoterpenoid
4-bromo-a-23187 4-bromo-A-23187: ionophore with enhanced calcium ion transport specificity	2.4	2	0
glycyl-arginyl-glycyl-aspartyl-seryl-proline glycyl-arginyl-glycyl-aspartyl-seryl-proline: can duplicate the binding activity of fibronectin vitronectin; RN given refers to ALL-L isomer	2.01	1	0
nitisinone [no description available]	2.05	1	0	(trifluoromethyl)benzenes; C-nitro compound; cyclohexanones; mesotrione	EC 1.13.11.27 (4-hydroxyphenylpyruvate dioxygenase) inhibitor
chymosin Chymosin: The predominant milk-clotting enzyme from the true stomach or abomasum of the suckling calf. It is secreted as an inactive precursor called prorennin and converted in the acid environment of the stomach to the active enzyme. EC 3.4.23.4.	2	1	0
marimastat marimastat: a matrix metalloproteinase inhibitor active in patients with advanced carcinoma of the pancreas, prostate, or ovary. marimastat : A secondary carboxamide resulting from the foraml condensation of the carboxy group of (2R)-2-[(1S)-1-hydroxy-2-(hydroxyamino)-2-oxoethyl]-4-methylpentanoic acid with the alpha-amino group of N,3-dimethyl-L-valinamide.	2.05	1	0	hydroxamic acid; secondary carboxamide	antineoplastic agent; matrix metalloproteinase inhibitor
asiatic acid [no description available]	2.21	1	0	monocarboxylic acid; pentacyclic triterpenoid; triol	angiogenesis modulating agent; metabolite
3-mercaptopicolinic acid 3-mercaptopicolinic acid: gluconeogenesis inhibitor; may also inhibit ATP-dependentphosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase	3.06	5	0
nitrobenzylthioinosine 5'-monophosphate nitrobenzylthioinosine 5'-monophosphate: RN given refers to parent cpd	2.05	1	0
thiodigalactoside thiodigalactoside: RN given refers to beta-D-galactopyranoside (D-Gal)-isomer	2	1	0
lithospermate b lithospermate B: major biologically active component of dan shen ; improves renal failure	2.11	1	0
clofarabine [no description available]	2.05	1	0	adenosines; organofluorine compound	antimetabolite; antineoplastic agent
1-trichloromethyl-1,2,3,4-tetrahydro-beta-carboline 1-trichloromethyl-1,2,3,4-tetrahydro-beta-carboline: structure given in first source	1.99	1	0
sr 48692 SR 48692: structure in first source; a neurotensin receptor-1 antagonist	3.63	9	0	N-acyl-amino acid
3-deoxy-manno-oct-2-ulopyranosonic acid 3-deoxy-manno-oct-2-ulopyranosonic acid: a component of cell wall lipopolysaccharide; artifacts in mass spectrometric analysis of Klebsiella pneumoniae; structure in first source. 3-deoxy-D-manno-octulosonate : A carbohydrate acid anion obtained by deprotonation of the carboxy group of any 3-deoxy-D-manno-octulosonic acid	2.08	1	0	3-deoxy-D-manno-octulosonic acid
bw 245c BW 245C: a selective DP receptor agonist. BW 245C : A racemate comprising equimolar amounts of (3R,4S)- and (3S,4R)-BW 245C. A hydantoin-based prostglandin analogue.. 7-[3-(3-cyclohexyl-3-hydroxypropyl)-2,5-dioxoimidazolidin-4-yl]heptanoic acid : A imidazolidine-2,4-dione that is 7-(2,5-dioxoimidazolidin-4-yl)heptanoic acid in which the imidazoline ring as substituted at position 3 by a 3-(3-cyclohexyl-3-hydroxypropyl) group.	2.44	2	0	imidazolidine-2,4-dione; monocarboxylic acid; secondary alcohol
ginsenoside rh2 ginsenoside Rh2: from leaves of Panax ginseng C; structure given in first source. (20S)-ginsenoside Rh2 : A ginsenoside found in Panax species that is dammarane which is substituted by hydroxy groups at the 3beta, 12beta and 20 pro-S positions, in which the hydroxy group at position 3 has been converted to the corresponding beta-D-glucopyranoside, and in which a double bond has been introduced at the 24-25 position.	2.04	1	0	12beta-hydroxy steroid; 20-hydroxy steroid; beta-D-glucoside; ginsenoside; tetracyclic triterpenoid	antineoplastic agent; apoptosis inducer; bone density conservation agent; cardioprotective agent; hepatoprotective agent; plant metabolite
allosamidin allosamidin: Anti-Asthmatic	2.4	2	0
5-fluoromethylornithine 5-fluoromethylornithine : An ornithine derivative in which one of the hydrogens at position 5 is replaced by a fluoromethyl group. It is an irreversible inhibitor of ornithine aminotransferase.	2	1	0	organofluorine compound; ornithine derivative	EC 2.6.1.13 (ornithine aminotransferase) inhibitor
bay y3118 Bay Y3118: structure given in first source	2	1	0
gr 113808 GR 113808: structure given in first source; a 5-HT(4) receptor antagonist: GR 125487 is the HCl salt. GR 113808 : An indolyl carboxylate ester obtained by formal condensation between the carboxy group of 1-methylindole-3-carboxylic acid with the hydroxy group of N-{2-[4-(hydroxymethyl)piperidin-1-yl]ethyl}methanesulfonamide.	2.02	1	0	indolyl carboxylate ester; piperidines; sulfonamide	serotonergic antagonist
3-methyl-5-(1-methyl-2-pyrrolidinyl)isoxazole 3-methyl-5-(1-methyl-2-pyrrolidinyl)isoxazole: structure in first source	1.99	1	0
n,n-dipropyl-2-(4-methoxy-3-(2-phenylethoxy)phenyl)ethylamine monohydrochloride N,N-dipropyl-2-(4-methoxy-3-(2-phenylethoxy)phenyl)ethylamine monohydrochloride: structure given in first source; a sigma receptor ligand	2.72	3	0
caprylates Caprylates: Derivatives of caprylic acid. Included under this heading are a broad variety of acid forms, salts, esters, and amides that contain a carboxy terminated eight carbon aliphatic structure.. octanoate : A straight-chain saturated fatty acid anion that is the conjugate base of octanoic acid (caprylic acid); believed to block adipogenesis.	5.37	18	0	fatty acid anion 8:0; straight-chain saturated fatty acid anion	human metabolite; Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite
tris(2-carboxyethyl)phosphine tris(2-carboxyethyl)phosphine: water-soluble reagent which irreversibly reduces disulfides to thiols at room temperature & is active below neutral pH; used for quantitation of iodine and iodate. TCEP : A tertiary phosphine in which phosphane is substituted with three 2-carboxyethyl groups. It is a commonly used reducing agent.	2.44	2	0	phosphine derivative; tricarboxylic acid	reducing agent
ah 6809 6-isopropoxy-9-oxoxanthene-2-carboxylic acid: structure given in UD	2.72	3	0	xanthones
s-methyl diethylthiocarbamate S-methyl diethylthiocarbamate: structure in first source	2.08	1	0
gamma-glutamylaminomethylsulfonic acid [no description available]	3.6	9	0
pramipexole Pramipexole: A benzothiazole derivative and dopamine agonist with antioxidant properties that is used in the treatment of PARKINSON DISEASE and RESTLESS LEGS SYNDROME.. pramipexole : A member of the class of benzothiazoles that is 4,5,6,7-tetrahydro-1,3-benzothiazole in which the hydrogens at the 2 and 6-pro-S-positions are substituted by amino and propylamino groups, respectively.	2.95	1	0	benzothiazoles; diamine	antidyskinesia agent; antiparkinson drug; dopamine agonist; radical scavenger
jstx-3 JSTX-3: structure in first source	2.44	2	0	N-acyl-amino acid
gr 73632 GR 73632: neurokinin receptor agonist	1.98	1	0
valdecoxib [no description available]	2.06	1	0	isoxazoles; sulfonamide	antipyretic; antirheumatic drug; cyclooxygenase 2 inhibitor; non-narcotic analgesic; non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug
parecoxib parecoxib: structure in first source. parecoxib : An N-acylsulfonamide resulting from the formal condensation of valdecoxib with propionic acid. It is a prodrug for valdecoxib.	2.06	1	0	isoxazoles; N-sulfonylcarboxamide	cyclooxygenase 2 inhibitor; non-narcotic analgesic; non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug; prodrug
6-deoxy-6-fluoroglucose 6-deoxy-6-fluoroglucose: RN given refers to (D)-isomer	2	1	0
n-acetyltyramine N-acetyltyramine: structure given in first source. N-acetyltyramine : A member of the class of tyramines that is tyramine in which one of the hydrogens of the amino group is replaced by an acetyl group.	2.1	1	0	acetamides; tyramines	animal metabolite; Aspergillus metabolite; bacterial metabolite; marine metabolite; quorum sensing inhibitor
carglumic acid carglumic acid: carglumic acid could be helpful in lowering plasma ammonia levels over 400 micromol/L more rapidly. carglumic acid : A urea that is the N-carbamoyl derivative of L-glutamic acid. An orphan drug used to treat a deficiency in the enzyme N-acetylglutamate synthase, which leads to acute hyperammonaemia.	4.59	6	1	N-acyl-L-glutamic acid; ureas	carbamylphosphate synthetase I activator; orphan drug
hydroquinidine hydroquinidine: urinary quinine metabolite; RN given refers to (9S)-isomer; structure in Merck Index, 9th ed, #4703	2.13	1	0	cinchona alkaloid
sr 46349b SR 46349B: potent & selective 5-hydroxytryptamine receptor antagonist; structure given in first source	2	1	0
medica 16 MEDICA 16 : An alpha,omega-dicarboxylic acid that is hexadecanedioic acid carrying methyl groups at positions 3 and 14. It is a free fatty acid 1 (FFA1/GPR40) receptor agonist and an ATP citrate lyase inhibitor, and exhibits hypolipidemic and antidiabetogenic properties.	3.27	1	0	alpha,omega-dicarboxylic acid	antilipemic drug; EC 2.3.3.8 (ATP citrate synthase) inhibitor; EC 6.4.1.2 (acetyl-CoA carboxylase) inhibitor; G-protein-coupled receptor agonist; hypoglycemic agent
y 26763 Y 26763: structure given in first source; an active metabolite of Y 27152	1.99	1	0	1-benzopyran
mitiglinide mitiglinide: a rapid and short-acting hypoglycemic agent; acts on sulfonylurea receptor closing KATP channels; considered one of the glinides-an imprecise grouping; structure given in first source	2.05	1	0	benzenes; monocarboxylic acid
ezogabine ezogabine: structure in first source. ezogabine : A substituted aniline that is benzene-1,2,4-triamine bearing ethoxycarbonyl and 4-fluorobenzyl substituents at positions N-1 and N-4 respectively. An anticonvulsant used to treat seizures associated with epilepsy in adults.	3.12	5	0	carbamate ester; organofluorine compound; secondary amino compound; substituted aniline	anticonvulsant; potassium channel modulator
egta acetoxymethyl ester EGTA acetoxymethyl ester: membrane-permeable form of EGTA	2.98	4	0
4-trans-2-carboxy-5,7-dichloro-4-phenylaminocarbonylamino-1,2,3,4-tetrahydroquinoline 4-trans-2-carboxy-5,7-dichloro-4-phenylaminocarbonylamino-1,2,3,4-tetrahydroquinoline: structure given in first source; selective antagonist for the glycine site on the N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) receptor	2.9	4	0
4-methylumbelliferyl 2-acetamido-2-deoxy-beta-d-glucopyranoside 4-methylumbelliferyl 2-acetamido-2-deoxy-beta-D-glucopyranoside: RN given refers to (beta)-isomer	2.02	1	0
6-aminomethyl-3-methyl-4h-1,2,4-benzothiadiazine 1,1-dioxide 6-aminomethyl-3-methyl-4H-1,2,4-benzothiadiazine 1,1-dioxide: RN given refers to parent cpd; structure given in first source; taurine antagonist	2	1	0
methylthio-adp [no description available]	2.06	1	0
bw a868c BW A868C: a selective DP receptor antagonist; structure given in first source	2.05	1	0	imidazolidine-2,4-dione
pd 81723 PD 81723: adenosine binding enhancer; structure given in first source	2.07	1	0
fluorescein 5-maleimide [no description available]	2.02	1	0
pn 202-791 PN 202-791: (+)-isomer is calcium channel agonist; (-)-isomer is calcium channel blocker; RN given refers to (S)-isomer	1.97	1	0	benzoxadiazole; isopropyl ester
2-n-(4-(1-azitrifluoroethyl)benzoyl)-1,3-bis-(mannos-4-yloxy)-2-propylamine 2-N-(4-(1-azitrifluoroethyl)benzoyl)-1,3-bis-(mannos-4-yloxy)-2-propylamine: an azi-ethyl-benzoyl-propylamine with mannose attached at two locations of the propylamine	1.99	1	0
7-fluoro-4-nitrobenzo-2-oxa-1,3-diazole [no description available]	2.47	2	0
rc 3095 bombesin (6-14), Tpi(6)-Leu(13)-psi(CH2NH)-Leu(14)-: an antagonist of bombesin	2.1	1	0
saclofen saclofen: GABA-A receptor antagonist	3.41	7	0	organochlorine compound
1-(4-methoxyphenyl)pyridinium 1-(4-methoxyphenyl)pyridinium: RN given refers to parent cpd	1.98	1	0
luzindole luzindole: melatonin receptor antagonist; structure given in first source. luzindole : A member of the class of indoles that is tryptamine in which one of the amino hydrogens is replaced by an acetyl group while the hydrogen at position 2 is replaced by a benzyl group.	2.75	3	0	acetamides; indoles	melatonin receptor antagonist
flavin semiquinone flavin semiquinone: chromophore found in methanol oxidase	2.41	2	0
benzoyl-coenzyme a benzoyl-coenzyme A: RN given refers to unlabeled cpd	2.07	1	0
ru 24926 RU 24926: RN given refers to parent cpd; NM refers to HCl; structure in first source	1.97	1	0
magnesium pyrophosphate magnesium pyrophosphate: RN given refers to parent cpd (2:1)	2	1	0
kallidin, des-arg(10)- kallidin, des-Arg(10)-: includes both L and D isomers of Phe(8)	2.72	3	0
1-ethyl-3-(3-(dimethylamino)propyl)carbodiimide methiodide [no description available]	1.96	1	0
vasotocin, 1-(beta-mercapto-(beta, beta-cyclopentamethylene)propionic acid)-tyr(om3)(2)-orn(8)- [no description available]	2.05	1	0
inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate 1-(2-nitrophenyl)ethyl ester inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate 1-(2-nitrophenyl)ethyl ester: RN given refers to the 1,4-bis(dihydrogen phosphate)-5-isomer	2.02	1	0
dansylglutamyl-glycyl-arginine chloromethyl ketone dansylglutamyl-glycyl-arginine chloromethyl ketone: inactivates bovine factor Xa	1.97	1	0
butyryl-coenzyme a [no description available]	2.1	1	0	butanoyl-CoAs	Escherichia coli metabolite; mouse metabolite
octanoyl-coenzyme a [no description available]	2.7	3	0
argiotoxin-636 argiotoxin-636: from the venom of Argiope aurantia; blocks neuromuscular transmission in insects; structure in first source.	3.6	9	0	N-acyl-amino acid
emoxypine succinate emoxypine succinate: has antihypoxic effects	2.49	2	0
1-ethyl-3-(3-dimethylaminoethyl)carbodiimide 1-ethyl-3-(3-dimethylaminoethyl)carbodiimide: carboxyl modifying agent	3.09	5	0
astragaloside a [no description available]	2.55	2	0
2-o-rhamnopyranosyl-rhamnopyranosyl-3-hydroxyldecanoyl-3-hydroxydecanoate 2-O-rhamnopyranosyl-rhamnopyranosyl-3-hydroxyldecanoyl-3-hydroxydecanoate: rhamnolipid biosurfactant from Pseudomonas aeruginosa UG2; active in removing hydrophobic cpds from soil; structure in first source	2	1	0
phosphate-binding proteolipid phosphate-binding proteolipid: MW appx 3000; binds inorganic phosphate with high affinity & specificity; from rabbit kidney brush border membranes	2.1	1	0
carbene carbene: electrically neutral species H2C: and its derivatives, in which the carbon is covalently bonded to two univalent groups of any kind or a divalent group and bears two nonbonding electrons; carbene is the name of the parent hydride :CH2 ; hence, the name dichlorocarbene for :CCl2. However, names for acyclic and cyclic hydrocarbons containing one or more divalent carbon atoms are derived from the name of the corresponding all-4-hydrocarbon using the suffix -ylidene; methylene carbene also available. carbene : The electrically neutral species H2C(2.) and its derivatives, in which the carbon is covalently bonded to two univalent groups of any kind or a divalent group and bears two nonbonding electrons, which may be spin-paired (singlet state) or spin-non-paired (triplet state).	2.44	2	0	carbene; methanediyl
peroxynitrous acid Peroxynitrous Acid: A potent oxidant synthesized by the cell during its normal metabolism. Peroxynitrite is formed from the reaction of two free radicals, NITRIC OXIDE and the superoxide anion (SUPEROXIDES).	4.82	12	0	nitrogen oxoacid
cyclopropanol [no description available]	2.01	1	0	aliphatic alcohol; cyclopropanes
fullerene c60 Fullerenes: A polyhedral CARBON structure composed of around 60-80 carbon atoms in pentagon and hexagon configuration. They are named after Buckminster Fuller because of structural resemblance to geodesic domes. Fullerenes can be made in high temperature such as arc discharge in an inert atmosphere.. fullerene : A compound composed solely of an even number of carbon atoms, which form a cage-like fused-ring polycyclic system with twelve five-membered rings and the rest six-membered rings. The term has been broadened to include any closed cage structure consisting entirely of three-coordinate carbon atoms.	3.13	5	0	fullerene	geroprotector
imatinib mesylate imatinib methanesulfonate : A methanesulfonate (mesylate) salt that is the monomesylate salt of imatinib. Used for treatment of chronic myelogenous leukemia and gastrointestinal stromal tumours.	3.66	9	0	methanesulfonate salt	anticoronaviral agent; antineoplastic agent; apoptosis inducer; tyrosine kinase inhibitor
tazobactam Tazobactam: A penicillanic acid and sulfone derivative and potent BETA-LACTAMASE inhibitor that enhances the activity of other anti-bacterial agents against beta-lactamase producing bacteria.. tazobactam : A member of the class of penicillanic acids that is sulbactam in which one of the exocyclic methyl hydrogens is replaced by a 1,2,3-triazol-1-yl group; used (in the form of its sodium salt) in combination with ceftolozane sulfate for treatment of complicated intra-abdominal infections and complicated urinary tract infections.	2.42	2	0	penicillanic acids; triazoles	antiinfective agent; antimicrobial agent; EC 3.5.2.6 (beta-lactamase) inhibitor
gefitinib [no description available]	4.13	3	1	aromatic ether; monochlorobenzenes; monofluorobenzenes; morpholines; quinazolines; secondary amino compound; tertiary amino compound	antineoplastic agent; epidermal growth factor receptor antagonist
2-azidoadenosine 5'-triphosphate [no description available]	1.99	1	0
2-nitrophenylgalactoside 2-nitrophenylgalactoside: RN given refers to cpd without isomeric designation	1.97	1	0
rhod-2 rhod-2: calcium indicator	2.42	2	0
3,5-diiodothyronine 3,5-diiodothyronine: RN given refers to parent cpd without isomeric designation; structure	1.99	1	0	organonitrogen compound; organooxygen compound
n(6)-(3-iodobenzyl)-5'-n-methylcarboxamidoadenosine N(6)-(3-iodobenzyl)-5'-N-methylcarboxamidoadenosine: structure given in first source; a selective A(3) adenosine receptor agonist. 3-iodobenzyl-5'-N-methylcarboxamidoadenosine : A derivative of adenosine in which the 5'-hydroxymethyl group is replaced by N-ethylcarboxamido and one of the hydrogens of the exocyclic amino function is substituted by a 3-iodobenzyl group.	4.08	4	0	adenosines; monocarboxylic acid amide; organoiodine compound	adenosine A3 receptor agonist
tyrosyl-glycyl-glycine tyrosyl-glycyl-glycine: RN given refers to L-isomer; this may not be the same as IMREG-1. Tyr-Gly-Gly : A tripeptide composed of one L-tyrosine and two glycine residues joined in sequence.	2.05	1	0	tripeptide zwitterion; tripeptide	metabolite
7,8-(methylenedioxy)-14-hydroxyberbane 7,8-(methylenedioxy)-14-hydroxyberbane: structure given in first source	1.97	1	0
5,5'-dimethyl-bis(2-aminophenoxy)ethane-n,n,n',n'-tetraacetate 5,5'-dimethyl-bis(2-aminophenoxy)ethane-N,N,N',N'-tetraacetate: calcium chelator; do not confuse with calcium specific chelator (MAPTAM buffer). 5,5'-dimethyl-BAPTA : A polyamino carboxylic acid, the structure of which is that of BAPTA carrying methyl substituents at C-5 and C-5'.	1.99	1	0	polyamino carboxylic acid	chelator
nnc 711 NNC 711: structure in first source	4.9	11	0
3'-o-(n-methylanthraniloyl) atp [no description available]	2.01	1	0
norketamine norketamine: metabolite of ketamine; RN given refers to cpd without isomeric designation	2.05	1	0	organochlorine compound
n,n',n''-triacetylchitotriose N,N',N''-triacetylchitotriose: used for affinity chromatography of potato lectin when coupled to Sepharose; structure	2.02	1	0	N-acyl-hexosamine
lhrh, gln(8)- [no description available]	1.98	1	0
neurotensin (8-13) neurotensin (8-13): binds in human brain to the same site as neurotensin but with higher affinity	2.41	2	0
proctolin proctolin: neurotransmitter in arthropods or invertebrates	3.86	12	0
acth (4-10) ACTH (4-10): part of ACTH molecule containing amino acids 4-10 of total 39 amino acid chain; heptapeptide common to MSH & ACTH; RN given refers to glycine cpd	1.97	1	0
cgp 42112a CGP 42112A: a hexapeptide analog of angiotensin II; activation of Receptor, Angiotensin, Type 2 results in vasodilation. CGP-42112A : A hexapeptide consisting of L-tyrosine, L-lysine, L-histidine, L-proline and L-isoleucine amino acid residues coupled in sequence and in which the amino group of the L-tyrosyl residue is substituted by a (pyridin-3-ylcarbonyl)nitrilo group and in which the L-lysyl side chain amino group is substituted by a {N(2)-[(benzyloxy)carbonyl]-L-arginyl}nitrilo group. It is a potent angiotensin II receptor type 2 (AT2 receptor) agonist.	2.39	2	0	benzyl ester; oligopeptide; pyridinecarboxamide	angiotensin receptor agonist; anti-inflammatory agent; antineoplastic agent; neuroprotective agent; vasodilator agent
deltorphin ii, ala(2)- deltorphin II, Ala(2)-: isolated from skin extracts of frogs belonging to the genus Phyllomedusa; has affinity to opioid receptors	2.41	2	0
phenylalanyl-leucyl-phenylalanyl-glutaminyl-prolyl-glutaminyl-arginyl-phenylalaninamide phenylalanyl-leucyl-phenylalanyl-glutaminyl-prolyl-glutaminyl-arginyl-phenylalaninamide: endogenous opioid antagonist octapeptide from bovine brain	1.98	1	0
n(6)-carboxymethyllysine N(6)-carboxymethyllysine: RN given refers to (L)-isomer; structure given in first source. N(6)-carboxymethyl-L-lysine : An L-lysine derivative with a carboxymethyl substituent at the N(6)-position.	2.02	1	0	L-lysine derivative; non-proteinogenic L-alpha-amino acid	antigen
kyotorphin kyotorphin: morphine-like dipeptide from bovine brain; RN given refers to (L-Arg-L-Tyr)-isomer. Tyr-Arg : A dipeptide composed of L-tyrosine and L-arginine joined by a peptide linkage.	2	1	0	dipeptide
angiotensin ii, des-phe(8)- Ile(5)-angiotensin II (1-7) : An angiotensin compound consisting of the linear heptapeptide sequence L-Asp-L-Arg-L-Val-L-Tyr-L-Ile-L-His-L-Pro.	2.79	3	0	amino acid zwitterion; angiotensin	vasodilator agent
2-chloro-n(6)cyclopentyladenosine 2-chloro-N(6)cyclopentyladenosine: highly selective agonist at A1 adenosine receptors	3.61	9	0
ro 8-0576 benserazide, levodopa drug combination: combination of L-Dopa and seryltrihydroxybenzylhydrazine; used in treatment of parkinsonism	2.08	1	0
angiotensin ii, des-asp(1)-des-arg(2)-ile(5)- angiotensin II, des-Asp(1)-des-Arg(2)-Ile(5)-: 3-8 hexapeptide fragment of angiotensin II; smallest potent angiotensin II antagonist	2.03	1	0	organic molecular entity
n,n-dimethylarginine N,N-dimethylarginine: asymmetric dimethylarginine; do not confuse with N,N'-dimethylarginine. N(omega),N(omega)-dimethyl-L-arginine : A L-arginine derivative having two methyl groups both attached to the primary amino moiety of the guanidino group.	3.16	5	0	dimethylarginine; guanidines; L-arginine derivative; non-proteinogenic L-alpha-amino acid	EC 1.14.13.39 (nitric oxide synthase) inhibitor
2-(2-(5-carboxy)oxazole)-5-hydroxy-6-aminobenzofuran-n,n,o-triacetic acid 2-(2-(5-carboxy)oxazole)-5-hydroxy-6-aminobenzofuran-N,N,O-triacetic acid: structure given in first source	3.09	5	0
hoe 694 3-methylsulfonyl-4-piperidinobenzoyl guanidine: structure given in first source; a potent inhibitor of the Na+/H+ exchanger	2.01	1	0
small cardioactive peptide b small cardioactive peptide B: neuropeptide from Aplysia	2	1	0
cyclic adp-ribose Cyclic ADP-Ribose: A pyridine nucleotide that mobilizes CALCIUM. It is synthesized from nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD) by ADP RIBOSE CYCLASE.	3.41	7	0	cyclic purine nucleotide; nucleotide-sugar	metabolite; ryanodine receptor agonist
h-d-phe-pip-arg-pna S 2238: chromogenic substrate for thrombin; used in amidolytic assay; patterned after N-terminal portion of A alpha chain of fibrinogen; synonym S-2238 refers to di-HCl	1.99	1	0
bis(sulfosuccinimidyl)suberate bis(sulfosuccinimidyl)suberate: structure given in first source	1.99	1	0
3-(2,2,2-trimethylhydrazine)propionate 3-(2,2,2-trimethylhydrazine)propionate: structural analog of gamma-butyrobetaine, also of carnitine; antianginal compound; MET-88 is dihydrate; structure given in first source. meldonium : An ammonium betaine that is beta-alaninate in which one of the amino hydrogens is replaced by a trimethylamino group. A clinically used cardioprotective drug that is used for treatment of heart failure, myocardial infarction, arrhythmia, atherosclerosis and diabetes.	2.08	1	0	ammonium betaine	cardioprotective agent; EC 1.14.11.1 (gamma-butyrobetaine dioxygenase) inhibitor; neuroprotective agent
4-iodoamphetamine 4-iodoamphetamine: used as tracer with iodine radioisotopes for local cerebral blood flow in rats	2.46	2	0
6-hydroxydopa quinone 6-hydroxydopa quinone: structure given in first source; quinoid cofactor of quinoproteins; RN given refers to the 4-hydroxy-3,6-dioxo- tautomer. L-topaquinone : A topaquinone that has S configuration.	2.4	2	0
sodium-binding benzofuran isophthalate sodium-binding benzofuran isophthalate: structure given on p.19451 of first source. sodium-binding benzofuran isophthalate : A crown compound that is 1,4,10-trioxa-7,13-diazacyclopentadecane in which the hydrogens of the amino groups at position 7 and 13 are replaced by 2-(2,4-dicarboxyphenyl)-5-methoxy-1-benzofuran-6-yl groups. It is a cell-impermeant fluorescent sodium indicator.	2.69	3	0	1-benzofurans; aromatic ether; crown compound; tetracarboxylic acid	fluorochrome
1-((3,5-dichloro)-2,6-dihydroxy-4-methoxyphenyl)-1-hexanone 1-((3,5-dichloro)-2,6-dihydroxy-4-methoxyphenyl)-1-hexanone: structure given in first source. 1-(3,5-dichloro-2,6-dihydroxy-4-methoxyphenyl)hexan-1-one : A differentiation-inducing factor that is hexaphenone bearing two chloro substituents at positions 3 and 5, two hydroxy substituents at positions 2 and 6 as well as a single methoxy substituent at position 4. A secreted, chlorinated molecule that controls cell fate during development of Dictyostelium cells.	3.53	8	0	dichlorobenzene; differentiation-inducing factor; monomethoxybenzene; resorcinols	eukaryotic metabolite; signalling molecule
gk 101e [no description available]	5.08	5	0
rmi 12330a RMI 12330A: adenyl cyclase inhibitor in rat liver; RN given refers to (cis)-isomer; NM refers to HCl, (cis)-isomer; structure	2.72	3	0
n(omega)-hydroxyarginine N(omega)-hydroxyarginine: can cause vasorelaxation of bovine intrapulmonary artery; structure given in first source. N(5)-[(Z)-amino(hydroxyimino)methyl]-L-ornithine : An N(5)-[amino(hydroxyimino)methyl]-L-ornithine in which the double bond has Z-configuration.	1.99	1	0	amino acid zwitterion; N(5)-[(E)-amino(hydroxyimino)methyl]ornithine; N(5)-[(hydroxyamino)(imino)methyl]ornithine; N(5)-[(Z)-amino(hydroxyimino)methyl]ornithine; N(5)-[amino(hydroxyimino)methyl]-L-ornithine; N(5)-[amino(hydroxyimino)methyl]ornithine; N(omega)-hydroxy-L-arginine
octacalcium phosphate octacalcium phosphate: RN given refers to cpd with MF of Ca4-(H3PO4)3; see also record for synthos (beta-tricalcium phosphate) & calcium phosphate	2.17	1	0
lysyl-aspartyl-glutamyl-leucine lysyl-aspartyl-glutamyl-leucine: retains type II surface membrane proteins in the endoplasmic reticulum; RN refers to all (L)-isomer	1.98	1	0
phosphohistidine phosphohistidine: RN given refers to N-phosphono-L-histidine	2.72	3	0
glycylglutamine glycylglutamine: inhibitory neuropeptide derived from beta-endorphin; RN given refers to (L)-isomer	2.46	2	0	dipeptide zwitterion; dipeptide	metabolite; protective agent
indo-1 pentaacetoxymethyl ester Indo-1 pentaacetoxymethyl ester: calcium-specific chelating agent; calcium ion fluorescent probe	1.98	1	0
4-(alpha-(4-allyl-2,5-dimethyl-1-piperazinyl)-3-methoxybenzyl)-n,n-diethylbenzamide 4-(alpha-(4-allyl-2,5-dimethyl-1-piperazinyl)-3-methoxybenzyl)-N,N-diethylbenzamide: a highly-selective, nonpeptide delta opioid receptor agonist; structure given in first source	3.06	4	0	diarylmethane
3-acetylpyridine adenine dinucleotide [no description available]	2.37	2	0	organic molecular entity
alanylglutamine alanylglutamine: RN refers to (L-Glu)-isomer; dipeptiven is for parenteral use. Ala-Gln : A dipeptide formed from L-alanyl and L-glutamine residues.	3.47	7	0	dipeptide zwitterion; dipeptide	metabolite
gamma-glutamylcysteine L-gamma-glutamyl-L-cysteine : A molecular entity formed when L-cysteine amino group binds to the gamma-carbonyl of L-glutamic acid.	3.54	8	0	gamma-glutamylcysteine	Escherichia coli metabolite; human metabolite; mouse metabolite; Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite
neurokinin a (4-10), beta-ala(8)- neurokinin A (4-10), beta-Ala(8)-: selective NK-2 tachykinin receptor	2.02	1	0
naadp nicotinic acid-adenine dinucleotide phosphate : A nicotinic acid dinucleotide that is NADP(+) in which the carboxamide group on the pyridine ring is replaced by a carboxy group.	2.97	4	0	nicotinic acid dinucleotide	calcium channel agonist; metabolite; signalling molecule
sk&f 86466 benalfocin: RN & RR given from first source; RN not in Chemline 9/28/83; structure given in first source	2	1	0	benzazepine
zd 7288 ICI D2788: a sinoatrial node modulator; may be of use in treatment of ischaemic heart disease by increasing heart rate without impairing cardiac function	3.9	12	0
e 64 E 64: cysteine protease inhibitor of microbial origin, which inhibits cathepsin B (EC 3.4.22.1) and cathepsin L (EC 3.4.22.-)	2.68	3	0	dicarboxylic acid monoamide; epoxy monocarboxylic acid; guanidines; L-leucine derivative; zwitterion	antimalarial; antiparasitic agent; protease inhibitor
dehydroalanine 2-ammonioprop-2-enoate : An amino acid zwitterion resulting from a transfer of a proton from the carboxy group to the amino group of 2-aminoacrylic acid.. 2-aminoacrylic acid : A 2,3-dehydroamino acid that is alanine which has been dehydrogenated to introduce a double bond between positions 2 and 3.	7.52	2	0	2,3-dehydroamino acid; alpha,beta-unsaturated monocarboxylic acid; amino acid zwitterion; enamine; non-proteinogenic alpha-amino acid	alkylating agent; human metabolite; mouse metabolite
coenzyme f420 coenzyme gamma-F420-2 : The amide obtained by formal condensation of the carboxylic acid group of F420-0 with the amino group of L-gamma-glutamyl-L-glutamic acid.	2.69	3	0
cp 93129 3-(1,2,5,6-tetrahydropyrid-4-yl)pyrrolo(3,2-b)pyrid-5-one: serotonin agonist; structure given in first source	2.45	2	0	pyrrolopyridine
glabridin [no description available]	2.6	1	0	hydroxyisoflavans	antiplasmodial drug
tetrahydrocurcumin tetrahydrocurcumin : A beta-diketone that is curcumin in which both of the double bonds have been reduced to single bonds.	2.21	1	0	beta-diketone; diarylheptanoid; polyphenol	metabolite
rubimaillin rubimaillin: structure given in first source. rubimaillin : A benzochromene that is 2H-benzo[h]chromene which is substituted by two methyl groups at position 2, a methoxycarbonyl group at position 5, and a hydroxy group at position 6. Found in the Chinese medical plant Rubia cordifola, It has an anti-cancer effect by inhibition of TNF-alpha-induced NF-kappaB activation. It is also a dual inhibitor of acyl-CoA:cholesterol acyltransferase 1 and 2 (ACAT1 and ACAT2), but is more selective for the ACAT2 isozyme.	2.06	1	0	benzochromene; methyl ester; phenols	acyl-CoA:cholesterol acyltransferase 2 inhibitor; anti-inflammatory agent; antineoplastic agent; apoptosis inducer; neuroprotective agent; NF-kappaB inhibitor; plant metabolite
1,4,7-triazacyclononane-n,n',n''-triacetic acid 1,4,7-triazacyclononane-N,N',N''-triacetic acid: structure given in first source	2.1	1	0
benzotriazol-1-yloxy-tris(dimethylamino)phosphonium benzotriazol-1-yloxy-tris(dimethylamino)phosphonium: condensing agent to promote internucleotide bond formation in phosphotriester oligodeoxyribonucleotide synthesis; structure in first source	6.98	1	0
azetidine-2,4-dicarboxylic acid azetidine-2,4-dicarboxylic acid: activates neuronal metabotropic receptors; RN given refers to (trans-isomer); RN for cpd without isomeric designation not avail 10/93	2.69	3	0
4,5-diaminopentanoic acid 4,5-diaminopentanoic acid: structure given in first source; RN given is for parent cpd without isomeric designation	2.01	1	0
phosphocyclocreatine phosphocyclocreatine: structure	1.97	1	0
glycerophosphoinositol 4,5-bisphosphate glycerophosphoinositol 4,5-bisphosphate: do not confuse with phosphatidylinositols which have fatty acids esterified at the C-1 and C-2 hydroxyl groups of glycerol	3.73	10	0
dibutyryl cyclic-3',5'-cytidine monophosphate [no description available]	2.72	3	0
2-amino-3-(3-(carboxymethoxy)-5-methylisoxazol-4-yl)propionic acid 2-amino-3-(3-(carboxymethoxy)-5-methylisoxazol-4-yl)propionic acid: glutamate receptor antagonist; protects against kainic acid neurotoxicity in cultured cerebral cortex neurons	1.97	1	0
glutamate thiol glutamate thiol: structure given in first source; RN given refers to (S)-isomer	2.41	2	0
3-(4-carboxybenzoyl)-2-quinolinecarboxaldehyde 3-(4-carboxybenzoyl)-2-quinolinecarboxaldehyde: reagent for ultrasensitive determination of primary amines by capillary electrophoresis using laser fluorescence detection; structure given in first source	2.43	2	0	benzoic acids; quinolines	fluorochrome
blonanserin [no description available]	2.1	1	0	organic molecular entity
2-octynoyl-coenzyme a 2-octynoyl-coenzyme A: RN given in first source	2.39	2	0
ectoine [no description available]	3.63	9	0	1,4,5,6-tetrahydropyrimidines; carboxamidine; monocarboxylic acid; zwitterion	osmolyte
cyclo(prolylglycyl) cyclo(prolylglycyl): RN given is for 17O-labeled cpd	2.53	2	0
6-methoxy-n-ethylquinolinium 6-methoxy-N-ethylquinolinium: fluorescent indicator for cytosolic chloride; structure given in first source	2	1	0
6-hydroxyl-1,6-dihydropurine ribonucleoside 6-hydroxyl-1,6-dihydropurine ribonucleoside: structure given in first source	1.99	1	0
7-(gamma-glutamyl)-4-methylcoumarylamide 7-(gamma-glutamyl)-4-methylcoumarylamide: fluorogenic substrate for glutamyl transpeptidase when used with glycylglycine	2	1	0
(hexadecanoyl)aminofluorescein [no description available]	2.49	2	0
lysyl-lysyl-glycyl-glutamic acid lysyl-lysyl-glycyl-glutamic acid: beta endorphin C-terminal tetrapeptide; RN given for all-(L)-isomer	1.99	1	0
(tetrazol-5-yl)glycine (tetrazol-5-yl)glycine: potent NMDA receptor agonist; structure given in first source	2.68	3	0	non-proteinogenic alpha-amino acid
pre 084 2-(4-morpholino)ethyl-1-phenylcyclohexane-1-carboxylate: structure given in first source	2.74	3	0	morpholines
3-(4-(4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridyl-1)-butyl)indole 3-(4-(4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridyl-1)-butyl)indole: dopamine receptor agonist; RN refers to unspecified HCl	1.96	1	0
phenylalanyl-phenylalanyl-arginine chloromethyl ketone phenylalanyl-phenylalanyl-arginine chloromethyl ketone: irreversible inhibitor of mammalian glandular kallikreins; do not confuse with PPACK (Phe-Pro-Arg-CH2-Cl) or with Pro-Phe-Arg-CH2-Cl	2	1	0
bromotrimethylammoniobimane bromotrimethylammoniobimane: RN given refers to parent cpd; structure given in first source	2	1	0
5-fluorowillardiine 5-fluorowillardiine: a glutamate agonist; RN given for (S)-isomer. 3-(5-fluorouracil-1-yl)-L-alanine : An alanine derivative that is L-alanine bearing a 5-fluorouracil-1-yl substituent at position 3. A more potent and selective AMPA receptor agonist (at hGluR1 and hGluR2) than AMPA itself (Ki = 14.7, 25.1, and 1820 nM for hGluR1, hGluR2 and hGluR5 respectively).	2.93	4	0	L-alanine derivative; non-proteinogenic L-alpha-amino acid; organofluorine compound	AMPA receptor agonist
gyki 53655 GYKI 53655: an AMPA (alpha-amino-3-hydroxy-5-methylisoxazole-4-propionate) receptor antagonist	4.21	17	0
4-(2-amino-6-chloro-9h-purin-9-yl)-1,3-dioxolane-2-methanol 4-(2-amino-6-chloro-9H-purin-9-yl)-1,3-dioxolane-2-methanol: RN given for (2R-trans)-isomer; structure in first source	3.42	7	0
methotrexate [no description available]	9.13	47	2	dicarboxylic acid; monocarboxylic acid amide; pteridines	abortifacient; antimetabolite; antineoplastic agent; antirheumatic drug; dermatologic drug; DNA synthesis inhibitor; EC 1.5.1.3 (dihydrofolate reductase) inhibitor; immunosuppressive agent
pyrrolidine-2,3-dicarboxylic acid [no description available]	3.61	9	0
reboxetine Reboxetine: A morpholine derivative that is a selective and potent noradrenaline reuptake inhibitor; it is used in the treatment of DEPRESSIVE DISORDER.	4.41	4	1	aromatic ether
n-(3-hydroxyaminocarbonyl-2-benzyl-1-oxopropyl)glycine N-(3-hydroxyaminocarbonyl-2-benzyl-1-oxopropyl)glycine: structure given in first source; RN refers to tritium labeled cpd	1.98	1	0
1,4-dideoxy-1,4-iminoarabinitol 1,4-dideoxy-1,4-iminoarabinitol: RN given refers to (2S-(2alpha,3beta,4alpha))-isomer; structure given in first source	2.44	2	0
3-(2-carboxypiperazine-4-yl)propyl-1-phosphate 3-(2-carboxypiperazine-4-yl)propyl-1-phosphate: a competitive NMDA antagonist; RN given refers to (+)-isomer	2	1	0
bmy 45778 BMY 45778: structure given in first source; partial prostacyclin agonist	2.06	1	0	bisoxazole	partial prostacyclin agonist
ly 293558 tezampanel: structure given in first source; an AMPA receptor antagonist	4.42	8	0
3-(3-(dimethylamino)propyl)-4-hydroxy-n-(4-(4-pyridinyl)phenyl)benzamide 3-(3-(dimethylamino)propyl)-4-hydroxy-N-(4-(4-pyridinyl)phenyl)benzamide: a 5-HT(1D) receptor antagonist; RN given refers to HCl salt	2.15	1	0
4-nitrophenyl 2-fluoropropionate 4-nitrophenyl 2-fluoropropionate: used for labeling proteins with fluorine	2.05	1	0
substance p (6-11), orn(6)- [no description available]	1.98	1	0
salvinorin a salvinorin A: from the herb, Salvia divinorum	3.27	1	0	organic heterotricyclic compound; organooxygen compound	metabolite; oneirogen
n-butyl beta-carboline-3-carboxylate N-butyl beta-carboline-3-carboxylate: benzodiazepine binding inhibitor from bovine cerebral cortex	1.98	1	0	beta-carbolines
dihydroethidium dihydroethidium: RN given is for the (+-)-isomer	2.93	4	0
lysyllysine lysyllysine: RN given refers to (L-Lys)-isomer. Lys-Lys : A dipeptide formed from two L-lysine residues.	2.41	2	0	dipeptide	Mycoplasma genitalium metabolite
alanylglutamic acid alanylglutamic acid: RN given refers to (L)-isomer. L-alanyl-L-glutamic acid : A dipeptide consisting of L-glutamic acid having an L-alanyl attached to its alpha-amino group	2.38	2	0	dipeptide
tamsulosin [no description available]	2.04	1	0	5-(2-{[2-(2-ethoxyphenoxy)ethyl]amino}propyl)-2-methoxybenzenesulfonamide	alpha-adrenergic antagonist; antineoplastic agent
glutamate-1-semialdehyde (S)-4-amino-5-oxopentanoic acid : A 5-oxo monocarboxylic acid that is 5-oxopentanoic acid substituted by an amino group at position 4 (the 4S-stereoisomer).	3.11	5	0	5-oxo monocarboxylic acid; amino acid zwitterion; gamma-amino acid; glutamic semialdehyde	Escherichia coli metabolite
7-amino-4-methylcoumarin-3-acetate [no description available]	2	1	0
1-naphthylacetylspermine [no description available]	3.31	6	0	naphthalenes
antiprimod azaspirane: structure given in first source	2.05	1	0
n-acetylglutaminylglutamine amide N-acetylglutaminylglutamine amide: accumulated during osmotic stress in Rhizobium meliloti	2.92	4	0	dipeptide
cgp 36742 (3-aminopropyl)(n-butyl)phosphinic acid: interacts preferably with GABA-B RECEPTORS (IC50=38 μM) and GABA-C receptors (IC50=62 μM) over GABA-A RECEPTORS (IC50=508 μM)	3.09	5	0
snp nonapeptide SNP nonapeptide: amino acid sequence 180-188 from the recombinant 65 kDa heat shock protein of Mycobacterium bovis BCG; contains a T-cell epitope recognized by both arthritogenic & protective T-cell clones in vitro	2.03	1	0
sulbactam [no description available]	2.82	3	0	penicillanic acids
nnc 112 [no description available]	2.43	2	0	benzazepine
n-(6-methoxy-8-quinolyl)-4-toluenesulfonamide [no description available]	2	1	0
glucuronic acid 3-sulfate D-glucuronic acid 3-sulfate : A monosaccharide sulfate that is D-glucuronic acid esterified at O-3 by sulfuric acid.	1.97	1	0	monosaccharide sulfate
exp7711 EXP7711: to search, use E#P7711(nm); angiotensin II receptor antagonist; structure given in first source	2.06	1	0
5,7-dinitroquinoxaline-2,3-dione [no description available]	1.98	1	0
1-methyl-1-phenyl-1,2,3,4-tetrahydroisoquinoline 1-methyl-1-phenyl-1,2,3,4-tetrahydroisoquinoline: structure given in first source; a non-competitive NMDA receptor antagonist; RN refers to (+)-isomer	2.39	2	0
olmesartan medoxomil Olmesartan Medoxomil: An ANGIOTENSIN II TYPE 1 RECEPTOR BLOCKER that is used to manage HYPERTENSION.	2.05	1	0	biphenyls
tetrahydrobenzo-4,6-dimethylangelicin tetrahydrobenzo-4,6-dimethylangelicin: structure given in first source	2	1	0
agatoxin-489 agatoxin-489: structure given in first source; anhydrous MW 489 Da; isolated from Agelenopsis aperta	2.4	2	0
mag-fura-2-acetoxymethyl ester Mag-Fura-2-acetoxymethyl ester: used to measure intracellular free magnesium concentration	2	1	0
n'-acetyl-beta-lysine N'-acetyl-beta-lysine: structure given in first source; an osmolyte produced by Methanogenium cariaci in the absence of betaine	2.41	2	0
n-(3-phenyl-n-propyl)-1-phenyl-2-aminopropane N-(3-phenyl-n-propyl)-1-phenyl-2-aminopropane: sigma receptor ligand	2	1	0
safinamide safinamide: short-acting inhibitor of MOA-B; FCE 26743 is (S)-isomer, FCE 28073 is (R)-isomer; structure in first source	5.29	6	2	amino acid amide
4-amino-1-(6-chloro-2-pyridyl)piperidine hydrochloride 4-amino-1-(6-chloro-2-pyridyl)piperidine hydrochloride: has high affinity and selectivity for 5-HT3 receptors; structure given in first source	1.99	1	0
ly 274614 LY 235959: RN refers to (3S-(3alpha,4aalpha,6beta,8aalpha))-isomer	3.97	13	0
bmy 42393 BMY 42393: partial prostacyclin agonist	2.06	1	0
cgp 52432 [no description available]	4.05	14	0	dichlorobenzene
ilomastat CS 610: matrix metalloproteinase inhibitor; structure in first source. ilomastat : An N-acyl-amino acid obtained by formal condensation of the carboxy group of (2R)-2-[2-(hydroxyamino)-2-oxoethyl]-4-methylpentanoic acid with the amino group of N-methyl-L-tryptophanamide. A cell permeable broad-spectrum matrix metalloproteinase (MMP) inhibitor	2.05	1	0	hydroxamic acid; L-tryptophan derivative; N-acyl-amino acid	anti-inflammatory agent; antibacterial agent; antineoplastic agent; EC 3.4.24.24 (gelatinase A) inhibitor; neuroprotective agent
t 588 T 588: a neuroprotective agent; structure given in first source	2.41	2	0
3-methyl-3,4-epoxybutyl diphosphate 3-methyl-3,4-epoxybutyl diphosphate: structure given in first source; RN given refers to (1-14C)-isomer	2.01	1	0
l 703606 L 703606: structure given in first source	2.71	3	0
5-(2,3,5-trichlorophenyl)pyrimidine-2,4-diamine ethane sulfonate [no description available]	4.46	7	0
sc 51089 SC 51089: structure in first source; dinoprostone antagonist	2.13	1	0
l 733060 3-((3,5-bis(trifluoromethyl)phenyl)methyloxy)-2-phenylpiperidine: RN given refers to (2S-cis)-isomer; L-733,061 is pharmacologically inactive; structure in first source	2.45	2	0	piperidines
5-(bromomethyl)fluorescein 5-(bromomethyl)fluorescein: used to label the Ca(2+) Mg(2+)-ATPase	1.98	1	0
omega-n-methylarginine omega-N-Methylarginine: A competitive inhibitor of nitric oxide synthetase.. N(omega)-methyl-L-arginine : A L-arginine derivative with a N(omega)-methyl substituent.	4.92	36	0	amino acid zwitterion; arginine derivative; guanidines; L-arginine derivative; non-proteinogenic L-alpha-amino acid
3-(4-chlorophenyl)glutamic acid [no description available]	2.39	2	0
dk-ah 268 DK-AH 268: a bradycardic agent and sinus node inhibitor	2.06	1	0
n-(n-benzylpiperidin-4-yl)-4-iodobenzamide N-(N-benzylpiperidin-4-yl)-4-iodobenzamide: structure given in first source	2.02	1	0	piperidines
mk 996 MK 996: an AT1-selective angiotensin II receptor antagonist; structure given in first source	2.06	1	0
pd 142505-0028 [no description available]	1.98	1	0
sonepiprazole [no description available]	2	1	0
5'-(4-fluorosulfonylbenzoyl)adenosine 5'-(4-fluorosulfonylbenzoyl)adenosine: affinity label of the inhibitory DPNH site of bovine liver dehydrogenase; adenosylhomocysteinase antagonist; structure	2.38	2	0
5-carboxyfluorescein diacetate [no description available]	2.02	1	0
sk&f 83959 SK&F 83959: induces grooming & vacuous chewing; agonist of dopamine D1-like receptors that inhibits dopamine sensitive adenylyl cyclase. N-methyl-6-chloro-1-(3-methylphenyl)-2,3,4,5-tetrahydro-3-benzazepine-7,8-diol : A benzazepine that is 2,3,4,5-tetrahydro-3-benzazepine bearing a 3-methylphenyl substituent at position 1, a methyl substituent at position 3, a chloro substituent at position 6 and two hydroxy substituents at positions 7 and 8. Dopamine D1-like receptor partial agonist (Ki values are 1.18, 7.56, 920 and 399 nM for rat D1, D5, D2 and D3 receptors respectively). May act as an antagonist in vivo, producing anti-Parkinsonian effects and antagonising the behavioral effects of cocaine.	3.89	3	0	benzazepine; catechols; organochlorine compound; tertiary amino compound	dopamine agonist
6-hydroxynorketamine 6-hydroxynorketamine: RN given refers to parent cpd without isomeric designation; structure given in first source	2.94	3	0
n-acetylneuraminyl cholesterol N-acetylneuraminyl cholesterol: alpha-isomer increases influx of calcium while beta-isomer does not; RN given refers to (alpha-N-ANA) cpd	2.02	1	0
d 890 D 890: quaternary derivative of gallopamil	1.97	1	0
carbapenems [no description available]	3.14	5	0
3,3-bis(trifluoromethyl)bicyclo(2.2.1)heptane-2,2-dicarbonitrile 3,3-bis(trifluoromethyl)bicyclo(2.2.1)heptane-2,2-dicarbonitrile: a bicyclic dinitrile compound	2	1	0
lac dye lac dye: possible food coloring agent which is completely nontoxic at low doses; lac dye is water soluble constituent of stick lac (commercial lac resin); lac resin is hardened secretion of insect Laccifer lacca (lac insect). 4-{[4-(dimethylamino)phenyl]diazenyl}phenyl-beta-lactoside : A glycoside comprising beta-lactose having a p-(p-dimethylaminophenylazo)phenyl group at the 1-position.. LAC dye : A four-component mixture of dyes obtained from the secretions of the insect species Laccifer lacca. The four components of LAC are laccaic acids A, B, C and D of which laccaic acid A is the most abundant.	2.01	1	0	disaccharide derivative; glycoside; monoazo compound	dye
butoxamine Butoxamine: A beta-2 selective adrenergic antagonist. It is used primarily in animal and tissue experiments to characterize BETA-2 ANDRENERGIC RECEPTORS.	2.47	2	0
4-iodophenylalanine 4-iodophenylalanine: RN given refers to cpd without isomeric designation. 4-iodophenylalanine : A phenylalanine derivative that is phenylalanine carrying an iodo group at position 4 on the benzene ring.	1.99	1	0	4-iodophenylalanine
triiodothyronine L-homocysteine thiolactone : A thiolactone arising from formal condensation of the mercapto (sulfanyl) and carboxylic acid groups of L-homocysteine.	1.96	1	0	tetrahydrothiophenes; thiolactone	human metabolite
aspartame [no description available]	6.85	12	1	carboxylic acid; dipeptide zwitterion; dipeptide; methyl ester	apoptosis inhibitor; EC 3.1.3.1 (alkaline phosphatase) inhibitor; environmental contaminant; micronutrient; nutraceutical; sweetening agent; xenobiotic
cm 57493 CM 57493: structure given in first source	1.98	1	0
n-desmethyltrimebutine [no description available]	2	1	0
ethylketocyclazocine Ethylketocyclazocine: A kappa opioid receptor agonist. The compound has analgesic action and shows positive inotropic effects on the electrically stimulated left atrium. It also affects various types of behavior in mammals such as locomotion, rearing, and grooming.	1.98	1	0
3,4-dihydro-8-(2-hydroxy-3-isopropylaminopropoxy)-2h-1-benzopyran-3-ol 3,4-dihydro-8-(2-hydroxy-3-isopropylaminopropoxy)-2H-1-benzopyran-3-ol: K 351 is alpha blockader; above cpd is beta blockader	2.03	1	0
xylose xylopyranose: structure in first source	5.22	19	0	D-xylose
alpha-guanidinoglutaric acid alpha-guanidinoglutaric acid: identified in the convulsive period of cobalt-induced seizures from cat cerebral cortex; RN given for cpd with unspecified guanidino-locant	1.96	1	0	L-glutamic acid derivative
d-apv [no description available]	3.51	2	0
duroquinol durohydroquinone : A member of the class of hydroquinones that is benzene-1,4-diol carrying four methyl groups at positions 2, 3, 5 and 6.	2.9	4	0	hydroquinones; methylbenzene	bacterial xenobiotic metabolite; volatile oil component
beta-lactams 2-azetidinone: structure in first source. azetidin-2-one : An unsubstituted beta-lactam compound.. beta-lactam : A lactam in which the amide bond is contained within a four-membered ring, which includes the amide nitrogen and the carbonyl carbon.	3.77	10	0	beta-lactam antibiotic allergen; beta-lactam
m 8218 M 8218: structure given in first source	2.48	2	0
phenyldiazene phenyldiazene: structure	2.68	3	0
proline Proline: A non-essential amino acid that is synthesized from GLUTAMIC ACID. It is an essential component of COLLAGEN and is important for proper functioning of joints and tendons.. proline : An alpha-amino acid that is pyrrolidine bearing a carboxy substituent at position 2.	16.46	411	8	amino acid zwitterion; glutamine family amino acid; L-alpha-amino acid; proline; proteinogenic amino acid	algal metabolite; compatible osmolytes; Escherichia coli metabolite; micronutrient; mouse metabolite; nutraceutical; Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite
cucurbitaceae Cucurbitaceae: The gourd plant family of the order Violales, subclass Dilleniidae, class Magnoliopsida. It is sometimes placed in its own order, Cucurbitales. 'Melon' generally refers to CUCUMIS; CITRULLUS; or MOMORDICA.	2.47	2	0
3-methoxy-11-methyldibenz(b,f)oxazepine-8-carboxylate 3-methoxy-11-methyldibenz(b,f)oxazepine-8-carboxylate: structure given in first source	1.98	1	0
bis(1,10-phenanthroline)copper(2+) ion bis(1,10-phenanthroline)copper(2+) ion: RN given refers to (Cu+2) cation	2.08	1	0
azidohomoalanine azidohomoalanine: structure in first source	2.47	2	0
docetaxel [no description available]	2.05	1	0	hydrate; secondary alpha-hydroxy ketone	antineoplastic agent
docetaxel anhydrous Docetaxel: A semisynthetic analog of PACLITAXEL used in the treatment of locally advanced or metastatic BREAST NEOPLASMS and NON-SMALL CELL LUNG CANCER.. docetaxel anhydrous : A tetracyclic diterpenoid that is paclitaxel with the N-benzyloxycarbonyl group replaced by N-tert-butoxycarbonyl, and the acetoxy group at position 10 replaced by a hydroxy group.	3.32	6	0	secondary alpha-hydroxy ketone; tetracyclic diterpenoid	antimalarial; antineoplastic agent; photosensitizing agent
perifosine [no description available]	2.07	1	0	ammonium betaine; phospholipid	EC 2.7.1.137 (phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase) inhibitor
bdp 12 1-(quinoxalin-6-ylcarbonyl)piperidine: modulates AMPA receptor desensitization ; an analog of 1-(1,3-benzodioxol-5-ylcarbonyl)piperidine	2.7	3	0	N-acylpiperidine
atazanavir atazanavir : A heavily substituted carbohydrazide that is an antiretroviral drug of the protease inhibitor (PI) class used to treat infection of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV).	2.05	1	0	carbohydrazide	antiviral drug; HIV protease inhibitor
ym 872 YM 872: structure in first source	2.01	1	0
tariquidar [no description available]	2.04	1	0	benzamides
peptide elongation factor 2 Peptide Elongation Factor 2: Peptide Elongation Factor 2 catalyzes the translocation of peptidyl-tRNA from the A site to the P site of eukaryotic ribosomes by a process linked to the hydrolysis of GTP to GDP.	2.91	4	0
levofloxacin Levofloxacin: The L-isomer of Ofloxacin.. levofloxacin : An optically active form of ofloxacin having (S)-configuration; an inhibitor of bacterial topoisomerase IV and DNA gyrase.	2.05	1	0	9-fluoro-3-methyl-10-(4-methylpiperazin-1-yl)-7-oxo-2,3-dihydro-7H-[1,4]oxazino[2,3,4-ij]quinoline-6-carboxylic acid; fluoroquinolone antibiotic; quinolone antibiotic	antibacterial drug; DNA synthesis inhibitor; EC 5.99.1.3 [DNA topoisomerase (ATP-hydrolysing)] inhibitor; topoisomerase IV inhibitor
pneumocandin a(0) pneumocandin A(0): structure in first source; isolated from Zalerion aboricola	1.98	1	0
ezetimibe Ezetimibe: An azetidine derivative and ANTICHOLESTEREMIC AGENT that inhibits intestinal STEROL absorption. It is used to reduce total CHOLESTEROL; LDL CHOLESTEROL, and APOLIPOPROTEINS B in the treatment of HYPERLIPIDEMIAS.. ezetimibe : A beta-lactam that is azetidin-2-one which is substituted at 1, 3, and 4 by p-fluorophenyl, 3-(p-fluorophenyl)-3-hydroxypropyl, and 4-hydroxyphenyl groups, respectively (the 3R,3'S,4S enantiomer).	2.46	2	0	azetidines; beta-lactam; organofluorine compound	anticholesteremic drug; antilipemic drug; antimetabolite
n-methylserotonin N-methylserotonin: RN given refers to parent cpd. N-methylserotonin : A member of the class of tryptamines that is serotonin in which one of the hydrogens attached to the primary amino group is replaced by a methyl group.	1.98	1	0	phenols; tryptamines	human metabolite; plant metabolite
phenylalanylarginine phenylalanylarginine: RN given refers to all (L)-isomer. Phe-Arg : A dipeptide composed of L-phenylalanine and L-arginine joined by a peptide linkage.	2.05	1	0	dipeptide	metabolite
gamma-glutamylglutamine gamma-glutamylglutamine: RN given refers to all (L)-isomer. gamma-Glu-Gln : A dipeptide obtained by formal condensation of the gamma-carboxy group of glutamic acid with the amino group of glutamine	2.38	2	0	dipeptide	human metabolite
glucosyl fluoride glucosyl fluoride: RN given refers to (alpha-D)-isomer	1.99	1	0
3-o-methylmannose 3-O-methylmannose: RN given refers to cpd without isomeric designation	1.99	1	0
3-methylaspartic acid 3-methylaspartic acid: RN given refers to cpd without isomeric designation	2.69	3	0
n-methylglucosamine N-methylglucosamine: RN given refers to (D)-isomer	2.03	1	0
phenylalanylglutamate phenylalanylglutamate: RN given refers to all L-isomer. Phe-Glu : A dipeptide formed from L-phenylalanine and L-glutamic acid residues.	2.37	2	0	dipeptide	metabolite
threonic acid threonic acid: RN given refers to (R,S)-isomer	2.25	1	0	threonic acid
cariporide cariporide: a selective sodium-hydrogen exchange subtype 1 inhibitor; structure in first source	2.47	2	0
tezosentan tezosentan: structure in first source	2.05	1	0
5-methoxy-n,n-diisopropyltryptamine 5-methoxy-N,N-diisopropyltryptamine: RN given refers to parent cpd	2.13	1	0	tryptamines	hallucinogen
ribulose ribulose: 5-carbon keto sugar; minor descriptor (75-85); on-line & Index Medicus search PENTOSES (75-85); RN given refers to (erythro)-isomer	2.1	1	0	ribulose	Escherichia coli metabolite; human metabolite
aspartylglutamate aspartylglutamate: RN given refers to all (L)-isomer	2	1	0	dipeptide	metabolite
arginine beta-naphthylamide arginine beta-naphthylamide: RN given refers to (S)-isomer. L-arginine 2-naphthylamide : An L-arginine derivative that is the amide obtained by formal condensation of the carboxy group of L-arginine with the amino group of 2-naphthylamine.	2.03	1	0	amino acid amide; L-arginine derivative; N-(2-naphthyl)carboxamide	chromogenic compound
4-methylphenylalanine 4-methylphenylalanine: RN given refers to cpd without isomeric designation; structure given in first source	2.17	1	0
arginylarginine Arg-Arg : A dipeptide formed from two L-arginine residues.	2.47	2	0	dipeptide	Mycoplasma genitalium metabolite
arginylarginine 2-naphthylamide arginylarginine 2-naphthylamide: substrate for dipeptidyl peptidase III	2.05	1	0
5-hydroxytryptamine o-sulfate 5-hydroxytryptamine O-sulfate: found in superfusates of rat spinal cord; RN given refers to hydrogen sulfate ester	2.01	1	0
histidylphenylalanine His-Phe : A dipeptide obtained by formal condensation of the carboxy group of L-histidine with the amino group of L-phenylalanine.	2.05	1	0	dipeptide
5-diazo-4-oxonorvaline 5-diazo-4-oxonorvaline: RN given refers to (L)-isomer; structure	2	1	0
prolyl-tyrosine prolyl-tyrosine: structure given in first source. Pro-Tyr : A dipeptide formed from L-proline and L-tyrosine residues.	1.97	1	0	dipeptide	metabolite
n-methacryloyl glycine N-methacryloyl glycine: the aqueous ethanolic solution used as dentin primer	1.99	1	0
iminoglutarate iminoglutarate: RN given is for the ion(2-)	1.99	1	0
2',4'-dinitrophenylglucopyranoside 2',4'-dinitrophenylglucopyranoside: substrate of exoglucanase	2.67	3	0
moxifloxacin Moxifloxacin: A fluoroquinolone that acts as an inhibitor of DNA TOPOISOMERASE II and is used as a broad-spectrum antibacterial agent.. moxifloxacin : A quinolone that consists of 4-oxo-1,4-dihydroquinoline-3-carboxylic acid bearing a cyclopropyl substituent at position 1, a fluoro substitiuent at position 6, a (4aS,7aS)-octahydro-6H-pyrrolo[3,4-b]pyridin-6-yl group at position 7 and a methoxy substituent at position 8. A member of the fluoroquinolone class of antibacterial agents.	2.05	1	0	aromatic ether; cyclopropanes; fluoroquinolone antibiotic; pyrrolidinopiperidine; quinolinemonocarboxylic acid; quinolone antibiotic; quinolone	antibacterial drug
tyramine o-sulfate tyramine O-sulfate: sulfate conjugated tyramine. tyramine sulfate : An aryl sulfate that is tyramine in which the phenolic hydrogen at position 4 has been replaced by a sulfo group.	2.25	1	0	aryl sulfate; primary amino compound; zwitterion	human urinary metabolite; human xenobiotic metabolite
jtt 501 JTT 501: an insulin sensitizer; structure in first source	2.05	1	0
phorbols Phorbols: The parent alcohol of the tumor promoting compounds from CROTON OIL (Croton tiglium).	2.44	2	0	diterpene; terpenoid fundamental parent
schizandrin a schizandrin A: the major lignan, 2-9%, of Schisandra plant; has hepatoprotective, antioxidant, and antineoplastic activities	2.02	1	0
cyanopindolol [no description available]	2.42	2	0	indoles
ro 136680 N-anisoyl-GABA: RN from Toxlit; structure given in first source; metabolite of aniracetam	2	1	0
atractylenolide iii atractylenolide III: from Atractylodes macrocephala Koidz; structure in first source	2.1	1	0	naphthofuran	metabolite
besonprodil besonprodil: CI-1041 is also known as PD19680; NMDA receptor antagonist for treatment of Parkinson's disease; structure in first source	2.02	1	0
ym 09151-2 nemonapride: structure in first source; RN given refers to compound with no isomeric designation. nemonapride : A racemate composed of (2S,3S)- and (2R,3R)-enantiomers of nemonapride. Highly potent dopamine D2-like receptor antagonist; selective over D1-like receptors (Ki values are 0.1 and 740 nM for D2-like and D1-like receptors respectively). Also potent 5-HT1A receptor agonist (IC50 = 34 nM) and has affinity for sigma receptors.. (2R,3R)-nemonapride : An optically active form of nemonapride having (2R,3R)-configuration.	1.98	1	0	N-(1-benzyl-2-methylpyrrolidin-3-yl)-5-chloro-2-methoxy-4-(methylamino)benzamide
naproxen Naproxen: An anti-inflammatory agent with analgesic and antipyretic properties. Both the acid and its sodium salt are used in the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis and other rheumatic or musculoskeletal disorders, dysmenorrhea, and acute gout.. naproxen : A methoxynaphthalene that is 2-methoxynaphthalene substituted by a carboxy ethyl group at position 6. Naproxen is a non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug commonly used for the reduction of pain, fever, inflammation and stiffness caused by conditions such as osteoarthritis, kidney stones, rheumatoid arthritis, psoriatic arthritis, gout, ankylosing spondylitis, menstrual cramps, tendinitis, bursitis, and for the treatment of primary dysmenorrhea. It works by inhibiting both the COX-1 and COX-2 enzymes.	2.7	3	0	methoxynaphthalene; monocarboxylic acid	antipyretic; cyclooxygenase 1 inhibitor; cyclooxygenase 2 inhibitor; drug allergen; environmental contaminant; gout suppressant; non-narcotic analgesic; non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug; xenobiotic
cinacalcet cinacalcet : A secondary amino compound that is (1R)-1-(naphthalen-1-yl)ethanamine in which one of the hydrogens attached to the nitrogen is substituted by a 3-[3-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl]propyl group.	2.06	1	0	(trifluoromethyl)benzenes; naphthalenes; secondary amino compound	calcimimetic; P450 inhibitor
alpha-methylhistamine (R)-alpha-methylhistamine : An aralkylamino compound that is histamine bearing a methyl substituent at the alpha-position (the R-enantiomer).	2.47	2	0	aralkylamino compound; imidazoles	H3-receptor agonist
hydroxyl radical Hydroxyl Radical: The univalent radical OH. Hydroxyl radical is a potent oxidizing agent.	6.88	51	0	oxygen hydride; oxygen radical; reactive oxygen species
alpha-amino-3-hydroxy-5-methyl-4-isoxazolepropionic acid [no description available]	8.79	11	0
olmesartan olmesartan: an active metabolite of CS 866	2.02	1	0	biphenylyltetrazole	angiotensin receptor antagonist; antihypertensive agent
rhodioloside [no description available]	2.99	4	0	glycoside
adenosine 3'-phosphate-5'-phosphate adenosine 3',5'-bismonophosphate : An adenosine bisphosphate having two monophosphate groups at the 3'- and 5'-positions.	3.1	1	0	adenosine bisphosphate	Escherichia coli metabolite; mouse metabolite
2-amino-5-phosphonomethyl(1,1'-biphenyl)-3-propanoic acid 2-amino-5-phosphonomethyl(1,1'-biphenyl)-3-propanoic acid: structure in first source; NMDA receptor antagonist	1.98	1	0
philanthotoxin 343 philanthotoxin 343: structure given in first source (see article's footnote); identical to philanthotoxin 433 except that the number of methylene groups between the respective amine moieties is 3,4,3 instead of 4,3,3	2.92	4	0	N-acyl-amino acid
ios 11212 2,6-dimethyl-3,5-bis(2'-propoxyethoxycarbonyl)-4-(2''-difluoromethoxyphenyl)-1,4-dihydropyridine: new Russian drug; corrector of acute transitory ischemia	2.03	1	0
carboxytolbutamide carboxytolbutamide: metabolite of tolbutamide	2.01	1	0	sulfonamide
hirudonine hirudonine: RN given refers to parent cpd; structure	1.97	1	0
alpha-ketocaproic acid alpha-ketocaproic acid: RN given refers to parent cpd. 2-oxohexanoic acid : A straight-chain fatty acid consisting of hexanoic acid having an oxo group at position 2.	2.38	2	0	2-oxo monocarboxylic acid; medium-chain fatty acid; oxo fatty acid; straight-chain fatty acid	human blood serum metabolite
o-desmethylindomethacin 1-(4-chlorobenzoyl)-5-hydroxy-2-methyl-3-indoleacetic acid: has insulin sensitizing and glucose lowering activity; structure in first source	1.99	1	0
sodium percarbonate sodium percarbonate: RN given refers to unspecified Na salt	2.13	1	0
singlet oxygen Singlet Oxygen: An excited state of molecular oxygen generated photochemically or chemically. Singlet oxygen reacts with a variety of biological molecules such as NUCLEIC ACIDS; PROTEINS; and LIPIDS; causing oxidative damages.	2.8	3	0	chalcogen; monoatomic oxygen; nonmetal atom	macronutrient
baldrinal baldrinal: from Valerianaceae roots	2.21	1	0	arenecarbaldehyde
fidarestat fidarestat: structure given in first source	2.03	1	0
apovincaminic acid apovincaminic acid: structure in first source	2.1	1	0
sulfoacetaldehyde [no description available]	2	1	0	alpha-CH2-containing aldehyde; organosulfonic acid
cryptotanshinone cryptotanshinone: from Salvia miltiorrhiza	2.05	1	0	abietane diterpenoid	anticoronaviral agent
fenton's reagent Fenton's reagent: used for oxidizing sugars & alcohols	2.45	2	0
cyc 202 seliciclib : 2,6-Diaminopurine carrying benzylamino, (2R)-1-hydroxybutan-2-yl and isopropyl substituents at C-6, C-2-N and N-9 respectively. It is an experimental drug candidate in the family of pharmacological cyclin-dependent kinase (CDK) inhibitors.	4	13	0	2,6-diaminopurines	antiviral drug; EC 2.7.11.22 (cyclin-dependent kinase) inhibitor
carbodiimides Carbodiimides: Compounds with the general formula RN=C=NR, where R is a hydrocarbyl group.. methanediimine : A carbodiimide in which both nitrogens are unsubstituted.	4.29	19	0	carbodiimide
cycloartane cycloartane : A triterpene that is lanostane in which there is a methylene bridge between the 5- and 9-positions.	2.13	1	0	triterpene
abrine abrine: from seeds of Abrus precatorius; structure in first source. N(alpha)-methyl-L-tryptophan : A N-methyl-L-alpha-amino acid that is the N(alpha)-methyl derivative of L-tryptophan.	2.41	2	0	L-tryptophan derivative; N-methyl-L-alpha-amino acid zwitterion; N-methyl-L-alpha-amino acid	Escherichia coli metabolite
saccharopine L-saccharopine : The N(6)-(1,3-dicarboxypropan-1-yl) derivative of L-lysine.	2.77	3	0	amino acid opine; L-lysine derivative	human metabolite; mouse metabolite; Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite
cannabidiolic acid cannabidiolic acid: structure. cannabidiolic acid : A dihydroxybenzoic acid that is olivetolic acid in which the hydrogen at position 3 is substituted by a 3-p-mentha-1,8-dien-3-yl (limonene) group.	2.02	1	0	dihydroxybenzoic acid; phytocannabinoid; polyketide; resorcinols
gamma-glutamylmethylamide gamma-glutamylmethylamide: RN refers to L-isomer	2.68	3	0
zirconium phosphate zirconium phosphate: reagent for carcinoembryonic antigen determination in plasma from patients having benign or malignant disease; RN given refers to cpd with unspecified ratio	2.01	1	0
zinc hematoporphyrin [no description available]	2.04	1	0
stizolobic acid stizolobic acid: structure	1.98	1	0	L-alpha-amino acid
prostaglandins b Prostaglandins B: Physiologically active prostaglandins found in many tissues and organs. They are potent pressor substances and have many other physiological activities.	1.98	1	0
gamma-glu-asp gamma-glutamylaspartic acid: found in pig brain	2.7	3	0	dipeptide
strictosidine [no description available]	2.03	1	0	alkaloid ester; beta-D-glucoside; indole alkaloid; methyl ester
homocysteinesulfinic acid homocysteinesulfinic acid: RN given refers to cpd without isomeric designation	2.92	4	0	alpha-amino acid
dansylethylenediamine [no description available]	1.98	1	0
glycine chloramine glycine chloramine: removes dental caries	4.05	2	0
dihydroguaiaretic acid dihydroguaiaretic acid: lignan extracted form Larrea divaricata; inhibitory to beef heart mitochondrial succinoxidase & NADH-oxidase; RN given refers to cpd without isomeric designation	2.02	1	0
ag 3-5 icilin: a cooling compound that activates TRPM8	2.98	4	0	C-nitro compound
phenaridine phenaridine: central analgesic, more powerful than morphine; synthesized in the USSR	2.06	1	0
rhamnopyranosyl-3-hydroxydecanoyl-3-hydroxydecanoate rhamnopyranosyl-3-hydroxydecanoyl-3-hydroxydecanoate: rhamnolipid biosurfactant from Pseudomonas aeruginosa UG2; active in removing hydrophobic cpds from soil; structure in first source. L-rhamnosyl-3-hydroxydecanoyl-3-hydroxydecanoic acid : A glycolipid, an alpha-L-rhamnoside of 3-[(3-hydroxydecanoyl)oxy]decanoic acid.	2	1	0	alpha-L-rhamnoside; glycolipid	nonionic surfactant
isovitexin [no description available]	2.13	1	0	C-glycosyl compound; trihydroxyflavone	EC 3.2.1.20 (alpha-glucosidase) inhibitor; metabolite
aristololactam bii aristololactam BII: isolated from Saururus cernuus; structure given in first source	2.02	1	0
glyceollin glyceollin: found in plants; structure	2.17	1	0	organic heteropentacyclic compound
8-o-acetyl shanzhiside methyl ester 8-O-acetyl shanzhiside methyl ester: an iridoid glucoside; from Phlomis mongolica Turcz; RN given refers to (1S-(1alpha,4aalpha,5alpha,7alpha,7aalpha))-isomer; structure given in first source	2.25	1	0
asenapine asenapine : A racemate consisting of equal amounts of (R,R)- and (S,S)-asenapine. Used as its maleate salt for the acute treatment of schizophrenia and acute treatment of manic or mixed episodes associated with bipolar I disorder with or without psychotic features.. (S,S)-asenapine : A 5-chloro-2-methyl-2,3,3a,12b-tetrahydrodibenzo[2,3:6,7]oxepino[4,5-c]pyrrole in which both of the stereocentres have S configuration.	2.47	2	0	5-chloro-2-methyl-2,3,3a,12b-tetrahydrodibenzo[2,3:6,7]oxepino[4,5-c]pyrrole
2-deoxy-2-fluoroglucopyranosyl fluoride 2-deoxy-2-fluoroglucopyranosyl fluoride: RN refers to (18F-labeled alpha-D-isomer); structure given in first source	1.98	1	0
ic 831423 IC 831423: MW 1714 daltons; synthetic pentasaccharide representing minimum binding sequence of heparin to antithrombin III	2.02	1	0
6-deoxy-n-(7-nitrobenz-2-oxa-1,3-diazol-4-yl)aminoglucose 6-deoxy-N-(7-nitrobenz-2-oxa-1,3-diazol-4-yl)aminoglucose: structure given in first source; MW 342 Da	2.42	2	0
neurokinin a (4-10), nle(10)- [no description available]	1.98	1	0
substance p, sar(9)-met(o2)(11)- substance P, Sar(9)-Met(O2)(11)-: a neurokinin-1 receptor agonist	2.92	4	0
1-(2,6-dimethylphenoxy)-2-(3,4-dimethoxyphenylethylamino)propane [no description available]	2.44	2	0
4-(2'-pyridyldithio)benzyldiazoacetate 4-(2'-pyridyldithio)benzyldiazoacetate: structure given in first source	2.76	3	0
n-cyclohexyl-n'-2-morpholinoethyl-carbodiimide-methyl-4-toluolsulfonate N-cyclohexyl-N'-2-morpholinoethyl-carbodiimide-methyl-4-toluolsulfonate: used to cross-link proteins	1.97	1	0
1-methyl-1,2-diphenylethylamine monohydrochloride FPL 12495: ARL-12495AA is the (S,R)-isomer, monohydrochloride; a remacemide metabolite; structure given in first source; RN given refers to (+-)-isomer	2.39	2	0
jmv 449 JMV 449: amino acid sequence given in first source; a pseudopeptide analog of neurotensin (8-13)	2.06	1	0
ly 300164 talampanel: AMPA receptor antagonist	5.26	3	0	benzodioxoles
methylinositol methylinositol: from Ebenus haussknechtii; structure in first source. pinitol : A cyclitol ether formed by etherification of the 3-hydroxy group of chiro-inositol. It is plant metabolite isolated from the leaves of Sutherlandia frutescens.. 1D-4-O-methyl-myo-inositol : A member of the class of methyl myo-inositols that is cyclohexane-1,2,3,4,5-pentol substituted by a methoxy group at position 6 (the 1R,2S,3S,4S,5S,6S-isomer).. D-pinitol : The D-enantiomer of pinitol.	1.96	1	0
edba [no description available]	2	1	0	alpha-amino acid
serine o-sulfate serine O-sulfate: RN given refers to (L)-isomer. L-serine O-sulfate : A non-proteinogenic L-alpha-amino acid that is the O-sulfo derivative of L-serine.	3.25	6	0	L-serine derivative; non-proteinogenic L-alpha-amino acid; O-sulfoamino acid
5-deoxypyridoxal 5-deoxypyridoxal: structure	2.01	1	0
tetraphenylphosphonium tetraphenylphosphonium: RN given refers to parent cpd; structure. tetraphenylphosphonium : A polyatomic cation consisting of four phenyl groups attached to a central phosphonium.	3.94	13	0	heteroorganic entity; phosphorus molecular entity; polyatomic cation
allopregnane-3,20-diol allopregnane-3,20-diol: RN given refers to cpd without isomeric designation	1.97	1	0
arginine glutamate [no description available]	2.36	2	0	glutamic acid derivative
histidinol L-histidinol : An amino alcohol that is propanol substituted by 1H-imidazol-4-yl group at position 3 and an amino group at position 2 (the 2S stereoisomer).	2	1	0	amino alcohol; imidazoles	EC 2.3.1.97 (glycylpeptide N-tetradecanoyltransferase) inhibitor; Escherichia coli metabolite; human metabolite; Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite
n-(1-oxyl-2,2,5,5-tetramethyl-3-pyrrolidinyl)maleimide N-(1-oxyl-2,2,5,5-tetramethyl-3-pyrrolidinyl)maleimide: structure in first source	2	1	0	aminoxyls; dicarboximide; maleimides; pyrrolidines
cysteinesulfenic acid cysteinesulfenic acid: a protein-sulfenic acid with diverse roles in enzyme catalysis, redox regulation and signal transduction. S-oxy-L-cysteine : A cysteine derivative consiting of L-cysteine carrying an S-oxy-substituent.. S-hydroxy-L-cysteine : A cysteine derivative consisting of L-cysteine carrying an S-hydroxy-substituent.	2.01	1	0	L-cysteine derivative; non-proteinogenic L-alpha-amino acid
diadenosine triphosphate [no description available]	1.97	1	0	diadenosyl triphosphate	mouse metabolite
isovaleryl-coenzyme a [no description available]	2.1	1	0	methylbutanoyl-CoA; short-chain fatty acyl-CoA	mouse metabolite
n1'-carboxybiotin N1'-carboxybiotin: RN & N1 from 9th CI Form Index; RN given refers to (3aS-(3a alpha,4 beta,6a alpha))-isomer	2	1	0
paromomycin Paromomycin: An aminoglycoside antibacterial and antiprotozoal agent produced by species of STREPTOMYCES.. paromomycin : An amino cyclitol glycoside that is the 1-O-(2-amino-2-deoxy-alpha-D-glucopyranoside) and the 3-O-(2,6-diamino-2,6-dideoxy-beta-L-idopyranosyl)-beta-D-ribofuranoside of 4,6-diamino-2,3-dihydroxycyclohexane (the 1R,2R,3S,4R,6S diastereoisomer). It is obtained from various Streptomyces species. A broad-spectrum antibiotic, it is used (generally as the sulfate salt) for the treatment of acute and chronic intestinal protozoal infections, but is not effective for extraintestinal protozoal infections. It is also used as a therapeutic against visceral leishmaniasis.	2.05	1	0	amino cyclitol glycoside; aminoglycoside antibiotic	anthelminthic drug; antibacterial drug; antiparasitic agent; antiprotozoal drug
4-nitrocatechol sulfate 4-nitrocatechol sulfate: RN given refers to 2-sulfate moiety locant. 2-hydroxy-5-nitrophenyl hydrogen sulfate : An aryl sulfate that is 4-nitrocatechol in which the hydroxy group that is meta to the nitro group has been converted into the corresponding hydrogen sulfate. It is used (commonly as its dipotassium salt) as a chromogenic substrate for sulphatase.	2.01	1	0	4-nitrophenols; aryl sulfate	chromogenic compound
avasimibe [no description available]	2.05	1	0	monoterpenoid
chlorophyllide a chlorophyllide a: important intermediate in the chlorophyll a biosynthetic pathway	2	1	0
metaperiodate metaperiodate: RN given refers to periodic acid, Na salt; structure. periodate : A monovalent inorganic anion obtained by deprotonation of periodic acid.	2.02	1	0	iodine oxoanion; monovalent inorganic anion
thiophosphoric acid thiophosphoric acid: RN given refers to parent cpd	2	1	0	phosphorothioic acid
amplex red Amplex Red: a component of the Amplex Red Hydrogen Peroxide Assay Kit	2.44	2	0
protoporphyrin ix monomethyl ester protoporphyrin IX monomethyl ester: RN given refers to protoporphyrin IX 18-monomethyl ester. protoporphyrin monomethyl ester : A dicarboxylic acid monoester that is the monomethyl ester of protoporphyrin.	1.96	1	0
4-nitrophenylmaltoside [no description available]	2.1	1	0
5-bromowillardiine 5-bromowillardiine: acts as a kainate-like agonist on chick EAA receptors expressed in Xenopus oocytes; RN given refers to (S)-isomer; RN for cpd without isomeric designation not avail 5/91	2.71	3	0
chloroacetol phosphate chloroacetol phosphate: minor descriptor (75-85); on-line & Index Medicus search ORGANOPHOSPHORUS COMPOUNDS (75-85); RN given refers to parent cpd	1.98	1	0
4-hydroxybenzoyl-coenzyme a 4-hydroxybenzoyl-CoA : A hydroxybenzoyl-CoA that is the S-(4-hydroxybenzoyl) derivative of coenzyme A.	2	1	0	hydroxybenzoyl-CoA
vinylphosphonic acid [no description available]	2.04	1	0
aminopterin Aminopterin: A folic acid derivative used as a rodenticide that has been shown to be teratogenic.	3.07	5	0	dicarboxylic acid	EC 1.5.1.3 (dihydrofolate reductase) inhibitor; mutagen
pregnane-20-one pregnane-20-one: RN given refers to cpd without isomeric designation; progesterone metabolite	1.97	1	0
delta-n-hydroxyornithine delta-N-hydroxyornithine: constituent of ferrichromes; structure. N(5)-hydroxy-L-ornithine : A member of the class of hydroxylamines that is L-ornithine in which one of the N(5)-amino hydrogens is replaced by a hydroxy group.	2.02	1	0	amino acid zwitterion; hydroxylamines; L-ornithine derivative; non-proteinogenic alpha-amino acid
nicotinamide 1,n(6)-ethenoadenine dinucleotide nicotinamide 1,N(6)-ethenoadenine dinucleotide: structure	2.39	2	0
aminochrome 1 dopaminechrome: structure given in first source. dopaminechrome (enol form) : A member of the class of indolones that is 3,5-dihydro-2H-indole substituted by an oxo group at position 5 and a hydroxy group at position 6.. dopaminechrome (keto form) : A member of the class of indoledione that is 2,3,5,6-tetrahydro-1H-indole carrying oxo groups at positions 5 and 6; major microspecies at pH 7.3. It is an endogenous compound formed during dopamine oxidation and can induce neurotoxicity under certain aberrant conditions and induce Parkinson-like syndrome.	2	1	0	indoledione; orthoquinones	neurotoxin
bathocuproine disulfonate bathocuproine sulfonate: reagent for copper; RN given refers to parent cpd. bathocuproine disulfonic acid : A phenanthroline that consists of 1,10-phenanthroline bearing two methyl groups at position 2 and 9 as well as two 4-sulfophenyl groups at positions 4 and 7.. copper chelator : A chelator that is any compound containing a ligand (typically organic) which is able to form a bond to a central copper atom at two or more points.	2.1	1	0	arenesulfonic acid; phenanthrolines	chelator
isopulegol isopulegol: isolated from Mentha cardiaca structure in first source	2.17	1	0	p-menthane monoterpenoid	metabolite
aza-epsilon-atp aza-epsilon-ATP: fluorescent; structure	1.96	1	0
n-acetyl-n-formyl-5-methoxykynurenamine N-acetyl-N-formyl-5-methoxykynurenamine: metabolite of melatonin; structure in first source	2	1	0	aromatic ketone
5,6,7,8-tetrahydro-4h-isoxazolo(4,5-d)azepin-3-ol 5,6,7,8-tetrahydro-4H-isoxazolo(4,5-d)azepin-3-ol: glycine antagonist; see also record for (4,5-c) cpd; RN given refers to parent cpd	2.08	1	0
biotin vitamin B7 : Any member of a group of vitamers that belong to the chemical structural class called biotins that exhibit biological activity against vitamin B7 deficiency. Vitamin B7 deficiency is very rare in individuals who take a normal balanced diet. Foods rich in biotin are egg yolk, liver, cereals, vegetables (spinach, mushrooms) and rice. Symptoms associated with vitamin B7 deficiency include thinning hair, scaly skin rashes around eyes, nose and mouth, and brittle nails. The vitamers include biotin and its ionized and salt forms.	6.89	87	0	biotins; vitamin B7	coenzyme; cofactor; Escherichia coli metabolite; fundamental metabolite; human metabolite; mouse metabolite; nutraceutical; prosthetic group; Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite
angiotensin ii Giapreza: injectable form of angiotensin II used to increase blood pressure in adult patients with septic or other distributive shock. Ile(5)-angiotensin II : An angiotensin II that acts on the central nervous system (PDB entry: 1N9V).	7.83	74	0	amino acid zwitterion; angiotensin II	human metabolite
beta-methyleneaspartate beta-methyleneaspartate: inhibits glutamate-aspartate transaminase; structure in first source	2.66	3	0
n(2)-dansyl-l-arginine-4-t-butylpiperidine amide N(2)-dansyl-L-arginine-4-t-butylpiperidine amide: intereacts with Ca(2+)-regulated modulator protein; inhibits Ca(2+)-dependent protein kinase (myosin light chain kinase) and Ca(2+)-dependent ATPase of chicken gizzard actomyosin	2.37	2	0
alpha-amino-3-(hydroxy)-5-methyl-4-isoxazoleacetic acid alpha-amino-3-(hydroxy)-5-methyl-4-isoxazoleacetic acid: RN given refers to cpd without isomeric designation; structure given in first source	2.39	2	0
gabaculine gabaculine: potent inhibitor of aminobutyrate aminotransferase from Streptomyces toyocaensis.; also inhibits a variety of PLP-dependent aminotransferases; structure; RN given refers to cpd without isomeric designation. (S)-gabaculine : The (S)-enantiomer of gabaculine.	4.06	15	0	5-aminocyclohexa-1,3-diene-1-carboxylic acid	bacterial metabolite; EC 2.6.1.19 (4-aminobutyrate--2-oxoglutarate transaminase) inhibitor
3-n-butyl-4,5-dihydrophthalide 3-N-butyl-4,5-dihydrophthalide: from seeds of Apium graveolens Linn.; RN given refers to (-)-isomer; structure given in first source	2	1	0
sk&f 75670 [no description available]	3.27	1	0
atropine tropan-3alpha-yl 3-hydroxy-2-phenylpropanoate : A tropane alkaloid that is (1R,5)-8-methyl-8-azabicyclo[3.2.1]octane substituted by a (3-hydroxy-2-phenylpropanoyl)oxy group at position 3.	7.93	101	0
lignin Lignin: The most abundant natural aromatic organic polymer found in all vascular plants. Lignin together with cellulose and hemicellulose are the major cell wall components of the fibers of all wood and grass species. Lignin is composed of coniferyl, p-coumaryl, and sinapyl alcohols in varying ratios in different plant species. (From Merck Index, 11th ed). lignin : A polyphenylpropanoid derived from three monolignol monomers: trans-p-coumaryl alcohol, coniferol and trans-sinapyl alcohol. There is extensive cross-linking and no defined primary structure.	3.23	5	0
2-hexyl-4-pentynoic acid 2-hexyl-4-pentynoic acid: has hepatoprotective activity; structure in first source	2.05	1	0
argipressin,(1-mercaptocyclohexaneacetic acid)(1)-o-ethyl-tyr(2)- argipressin,(1-mercaptocyclohexaneacetic acid)(1)-O-ethyl-Tyr(2)-: argipressin antagonist; RN given refers to all (L)-isomer	2.03	1	0
ropivacaine Ropivacaine: An anilide used as a long-acting local anesthetic. It has a differential blocking effect on sensory and motor neurons.. ropivacaine : The piperidinecarboxamide obtained by the formal condensation of N-propylpipecolic acid and 2,6-dimethylaniline.. (S)-ropivacaine : A piperidinecarboxamide-based amide-type local anaesthetic (amide caine) in which (S)-N-propylpipecolic acid and 2,6-dimethylaniline are combined to form the amide bond.	5.79	6	1	piperidinecarboxamide; ropivacaine	local anaesthetic
leucopyrokinin leucopyrokinin: myotropic neuropeptide from Madeira cockroach Leucophaea maderae	1.98	1	0
sb 203580 [no description available]	5.46	14	0	imidazoles; monofluorobenzenes; pyridines; sulfoxide	EC 2.7.11.1 (non-specific serine/threonine protein kinase) inhibitor; EC 2.7.11.24 (mitogen-activated protein kinase) inhibitor; geroprotector; Hsp90 inhibitor; neuroprotective agent
nbi 27914 [no description available]	2.97	4	0	dialkylarylamine; tertiary amino compound
sb 216763 [no description available]	2.46	2	0	indoles; maleimides
gacyclidine gacyclidine: non-competitive NMDA antagonist	2.7	3	0
zm 241385 ZM 241385: a high affinity radioligand selective for the A2a adenosine receptor	5.61	17	1	diamino-1,3,5-triazine
piboserod Serotonin 5-HT4 Receptor Antagonists: Drugs that bind to but do not activate SEROTONIN 5-HT4 RECEPTORS, thereby blocking the actions of SEROTONIN or SEROTONIN RECEPTOR AGONISTS.	2.02	1	0
homocysteic acid homocysteic acid: promotes growth in hypophysectomized rats; RN given refers to parent cpd. homocysteic acid : A non-proteinogenic alpha-amino acid that is homocysteine in which the thiol group has benn oxidised to the corresponding sulfonic acid.. L-homocysteic acid : A homocysteic acid with L-configuration.	6.57	78	0	homocysteic acid	NMDA receptor agonist
organophosphonates hydrogenphosphite : A divalent inorganic anion resulting from the removal of a proton from two of the hydroxy groups of phosphorous acid.	4.52	23	0	divalent inorganic anion; phosphite ion
antalarmin antalarmin : A pyrrolopyrimidine that is 7H-pyrrolo[2,3-d]pyrimidin-4-amine which is substituted by methyl groups at positions 2, 5, and 6, by a mesityl group at position 7, and in which the amino substituent at position 4 has been substituted by ethyl and butyl groups. It is an antagonist of corticotropin-releasing factor 1 (CRF-1) receptors (Ki = 1 nM).	2.47	2	0	pyrrolopyrimidine; tertiary amino compound	corticotropin-releasing factor receptor antagonist
pozanicline [no description available]	2.04	1	0
eslicarbazepine acetate eslicarbazepine acetate : The acetate ester, with S configuration, of licarbazepine. An anticonvulsant, it is approved for use in Europe and the United States as an adjunctive therapy for epilepsy.	2.44	2	0	acetate ester; carboxamide; dibenzoazepine; ureas	anticonvulsant; drug allergen
2-amino-4-phosphonobutyric acid (2S)-2-amino-4-phosphonobutanoic acid : A non-proteinogenc L-alpha-amino acid that is L-alpha-aminobutyric acid in which one of the hydrogens of the terminal methyl group has been replaced by a dihydroxy(oxido)-lambda(5)-phosphanyl group. It is a potent and selective agonist for the group III metabotropic glutamate receptors (mGluR4/6/7/8).	5.76	16	0	non-proteinogenic L-alpha-amino acid; phosphonic acids	metabotropic glutamate receptor agonist
dizocilpine [no description available]	2.69	3	0	secondary amino compound; tetracyclic antidepressant	anaesthetic; anticonvulsant; neuroprotective agent; nicotinic antagonist; NMDA receptor antagonist
gvs 111 [no description available]	2.44	2	0
cacalol cacalol: a sesquiterpene contained in Cacalia delphiniifolia Sleb et Zucc; structure in first source	2.02	1	0
3-hydroxyglutaric acid 3-hydroxyglutaric acid : A 3 hydroxy carboxylic acid that is glutaric acid which is substituted by a hydroxy group at position 3. It is a diagnostic marker for glutaric aciduria type I.	2.71	3	0	3-hydroxy carboxylic acid; alpha,omega-dicarboxylic acid	human blood serum metabolite; human urinary metabolite
esketamine esketamine : The S- (more active) enantiomer of ketamine.	4.46	4	0	ketamine	analgesic; intravenous anaesthetic; NMDA receptor antagonist
aceglutamide N-acetyl-L-glutamine : An N(2)-acetylglutamine that has L-configuration.	2.42	2	0	N-acetyl-L-amino acid; N(2)-acetylglutamine; N(2)-acyl-L-glutamine	human metabolite
l 158809 L 158809: RN & structure given in first source; angiotensin receptor antagonist	2.06	1	0
u 54494a U 54494A: RN given refers to (trans)-isomer; structure given in first source	2.38	2	0
4-bromo-2-(4-chlorophenyl)-5-(trifluoromethyl)-1h-pyrrole-3-carbonitrile 4-bromo-2-(4-chlorophenyl)-5-(trifluoromethyl)-1H-pyrrole-3-carbonitrile: a biocide and antifouling agent. tralopyril : A pyrrole resulting from the N-dealkylation of the ethoxymethyl group of chlorfenapyr. It is the active insecticide of the proinsecticide chlorfenapyr.	2.15	1	0	monochlorobenzenes; nitrile; organobromine compound; organochlorine acaricide; organochlorine insecticide; organofluorine acaricide; organofluorine insecticide; pyrroles	acaricide; antifouling biocide; insecticide
2-nitrophenyl-egta 2-nitrophenyl-EGTA: a photolabile chelator that selectively binds Ca(2+) with high affinity & releases it rapidly upon photolysis; structure given in first source; azid-1 is a caged calcium in which a fluorescent calcium indicator, fura-2, has been modified with an azide substituent on the benzofuran 3-position	2.73	3	0
scutellarin scutellarin: see scutellarein for aglycone. scutellarin : The glycosyloxyflavone which is the 7-O-glucuronide of scutellarein.	2.76	3	0	glucosiduronic acid; glycosyloxyflavone; monosaccharide derivative; trihydroxyflavone	antineoplastic agent; proteasome inhibitor
hydroxycitric acid [no description available]	3.27	1	0	carbonyl compound
propargylglycine propargylglycine: RN given refers to cpd without isomeric designation; structure	1.97	1	0
aflatoxin b1 Aflatoxin B1: A potent hepatotoxic and hepatocarcinogenic mycotoxin produced by the Aspergillus flavus group of fungi. It is also mutagenic, teratogenic, and causes immunosuppression in animals. It is found as a contaminant in peanuts, cottonseed meal, corn, and other grains. The mycotoxin requires epoxidation to aflatoxin B1 2,3-oxide for activation. Microsomal monooxygenases biotransform the toxin to the less toxic metabolites aflatoxin M1 and Q1.. aflatoxin B1 : An aflatoxin having a tetrahydrocyclopenta[c]furo[3',2':4,5]furo[2,3-h]chromene skeleton with oxygen functionality at positions 1, 4 and 11.	1.99	1	0	aflatoxin; aromatic ether; aromatic ketone	carcinogenic agent; human metabolite
emd 53998 EMD 53998: EMD 53998 is racemic; EMD 57439 is the (-)-isomer; EMD 57033 is the (+)-isomer	2.01	1	0
alpha-fluoromethylhistidine alpha-fluoromethylhistidine: RN given refers to cpd without isomeric designation	3.1	5	0
isospaglumic acid isospaglumic acid: mediator in the sensitivity of animals to hyperbaric oxygenation; Naaxia is the tradename; apparently can have both a neuroprotective and a neurotoxic effect. Ac-Asp-Glu : A dipeptide composed of N-acetyl-L-aspartic acid and L-glutamic acid joined by a peptide linkage.	12.95	97	7	dipeptide	human metabolite
bd 1047 N-(2-(3,4-Dichlorphenyl)ethyl)-N,N',N'-trimethyl-1,2-ethandiamin: sigma receptor ligand; putative sigma receptor antagonist with antidystonic activity	2.96	4	0	primary amine
isochorismic acid isochorismic acid: structure given in first source	2	1	0	5-[(1-carboxyethenyl)oxy]-6-hydroxycyclohexa-1,3-diene-1-carboxylic acid
2-hydroxy-6-methylpurine [no description available]	2.05	1	0
arabinonate-5-phosphate arabinonate-5-phosphate: competitive inhibitor of glucosephosphate isomerase	2	1	0
dithiobis(n-ethylmaleimide) dithiobis(N-ethylmaleimide): structure	2.02	1	0
alpha,alpha'-diaminosuberic acid alpha,alpha'-diaminosuberic acid: RN given refers to cpd with unspecified isomeric designation	1.98	1	0
5-(hydroxy-3-indolyl)lactic acid 5-(hydroxy-3-indolyl)lactic acid: aromatic amino acid decarboxylase inhibitor; RN given refers to parent cpd without isomeric designation	2.05	1	0
phenserine phenserine: a carbamate analog of physostigmine; a long-acting inhibitor of cholinesterase	2.13	1	0
n(delta)-acetylornithine N(delta)-acetylornithine: RN given refers to (L)-isomer. N(5)-acetyl-L-ornithine : An N(5)-acyl-L-ornithine in which the the acyl group is specified as acetyl.	2.02	1	0	acetyl-L-ornithine; N(5)-acetylornithine; N(5)-acyl-L-ornithine
indigoidine indigoidine: structure in first source. indigoidine : A member of the class of pyridone that is a dimeric blue pigment biosynthesised from L-glutamine.	2.25	1	0
glycyl-glycyl-valine [no description available]	2.05	1	0	oligopeptide
carbocysteine Carbocysteine: A compound formed when iodoacetic acid reacts with sulfhydryl groups in proteins. It has been used as an anti-infective nasal spray with mucolytic and expectorant action.. S-carboxymethyl-L-cysteine : An L-cysteine thioether that is L-cysteine in which the hydrogen of the thiol group has been replaced by a carboxymethyl group.	2.91	4	0	L-cysteine thioether; non-proteinogenic L-alpha-amino acid	mucolytic
2',3'-epoxypropylglucopyranoside 2',3'-epoxypropylglucopyranoside: active-site directed, irreversible inactivator of yeast hexokinase; structure	1.98	1	0
1-ethyl-3-(4-azonia-4,4-dimethylpentyl)carbodiimide 1-ethyl-3-(4-azonia-4,4-dimethylpentyl)carbodiimide: inhibits phosphate transport in human erythrocytes	2.39	2	0
etravirine [no description available]	2.07	1	0	aminopyrimidine; aromatic ether; dinitrile; organobromine compound	antiviral agent; HIV-1 reverse transcriptase inhibitor
homoibotenic acid homoibotenic acid: structure given in first source	2.69	3	0
2'-deoxyadenosine 5'-o-(1-thiotriphosphate) 2'-deoxyadenosine 5'-O-(1-thiotriphosphate): RN given refers to cpd without isomeric designation; structure.	2.02	1	0
tcp (antiseptic) TCP (antiseptic): contains solution of 0.4% chlorine, 0.11% iodine, 0.63% phenol & 0.045% of salicylic acid in water	2	1	0
latrepirdine latrepirdine: structure	2.49	2	0	methylpyridines; pyridoindole	geroprotector
cgp 54626 CGP 54626: RN given for (S-(R,R))-isomer	2.02	1	0
cadmium metallothionein cadmium-binding protein: metallothionein which serves in a metal-sequestering mechanism	1.97	1	0
ci 966 CI 966: GABA uptake blocker; RN from Toxlit	2.01	1	0	diarylmethane
repinotan hydrochloride repinotan hydrochloride: 5-HT(1A) receptor agonist; structure in first source	4.94	4	0
troleandomycin Troleandomycin: A macrolide antibiotic that is similar to ERYTHROMYCIN.. troleandomycin : A semi-synthetic macrolide antibiotic obtained by acetylation of the three free hydroxy groups of oleandomycin. Troleandomycin is only found in individuals that have taken the drug.	2.05	1	0	acetate ester; epoxide; macrolide antibiotic; monosaccharide derivative; polyketide; semisynthetic derivative	EC 1.14.13.97 (taurochenodeoxycholate 6alpha-hydroxylase) inhibitor; xenobiotic
anabasine Anabasine: A piperidine botanical insecticide.. (S)-anabasine : The (S)-enantiomer of anabasine.. anabasine : A pyridine alkaloid that is pyridine substituted by a piperidin-2-yl group at position 3.	2.03	1	0	anabasine
ensaculin Ensaculin: a neuronal activator; structure given in first source	2.41	2	0
zk 200775 ZK 200775: structure in first source	2.47	2	0
eglumetad eglumetad: LY-354740 is the active isomer, LY-366563 is the inactive isomer, and LY 314582 is the racemate; structure given in first source	6.38	30	0	L-alpha-amino acid
butyrylcarnitine butyrylcarnitine: structure in first source. O-butanoyl-L-carnitine : An optically active form of O-butanoylcarnitine having L-configuration.. O-butanoylcarnitine : A C4-acylcarnitine that is the O-butanoyl derivative of carnitine.	2.08	1	0	O-butanoylcarnitine; saturated fatty acyl-L-carnitine	metabolite
mkc 231 MKC 231: a tetrahydrofuroquinoline analog; a choline uptake enhancer; structure given in first source	1.99	1	0
deferasirox Deferasirox: A triazole and benzoate derivative that acts as a selective iron chelator. It is used in the management of chronic IRON OVERLOAD due to blood transfusion or non-transfusion dependent THALASSEMIA.. deferasirox : A member of the class of triazoles, deferasirox is 1,2,4-triazole substituted by a 4-carboxyphenyl group at position 1 and by 2-hydroxyphenyl groups at positions 3 and 5. An orally active iron chelator, it is used to manage chronic iron overload in patients receiving long-term blood transfusions.	2.05	1	0	benzoic acids; monocarboxylic acid; phenols; triazoles	iron chelator
bms204352 BMS204352: a calcium-sensitive opener of maxi-K potassium channels; structure in first source	2	1	0
tbc-11251 sitaxsentan: endothelin A receptor antagonist; structure in first source	2.05	1	0	benzodioxoles
sorafenib [no description available]	2.76	3	0	(trifluoromethyl)benzenes; aromatic ether; monochlorobenzenes; phenylureas; pyridinecarboxamide	angiogenesis inhibitor; anticoronaviral agent; antineoplastic agent; EC 2.7.11.1 (non-specific serine/threonine protein kinase) inhibitor; ferroptosis inducer; tyrosine kinase inhibitor
cp 101,606 traxoprodil mesylate: a selective NMDA antagonist; structure given in first source	4.72	5	0
demecolcine Demecolcine: An alkaloid isolated from Colchicum autumnale L. and used as an antineoplastic.. (-)-demecolcine : A secondary amino compound that is (S)-colchicine in which the N-acetyl group is replaced by an N-methyl group. Isolable from the autumn crocus, Colchicum autumnale, it is less toxic than colchicine and is used as an antineoplastic.	1.98	1	0	alkaloid; secondary amino compound	antineoplastic agent; microtubule-destabilising agent
cholic acid Cholic Acid: A major primary bile acid produced in the liver and usually conjugated with glycine or taurine. It facilitates fat absorption and cholesterol excretion.. cholic acid : A bile acid that is 5beta-cholan-24-oic acid bearing three alpha-hydroxy substituents at position 3, 7 and 12.	4.18	6	0	12alpha-hydroxy steroid; 3alpha-hydroxy steroid; 7alpha-hydroxy steroid; bile acid; C24-steroid; trihydroxy-5beta-cholanic acid	human metabolite; mouse metabolite
l-glutamic acid-gamma-hydrazide L-glutamic acid-gamma-hydrazide: RN given refers to (L)-isomer	1.98	1	0
sitosterol, (3beta)-isomer Sobatum: tradename; active fraction of Solanum trilobatum; reduces side-effects of radiation-induced toxicity. sitosterol : A member of the class of phytosterols that is stigmast-5-ene substituted by a beta-hydroxy group at position 3.	2.05	1	0	3beta-hydroxy-Delta(5)-steroid; 3beta-sterol; C29-steroid; phytosterols; stigmastane sterol	anticholesteremic drug; antioxidant; mouse metabolite; plant metabolite; sterol methyltransferase inhibitor
erythritol [no description available]	2.01	1	0	butane-1,2,3,4-tetrol	antioxidant; human metabolite; plant metabolite
deoxycholic acid Deoxycholic Acid: A bile acid formed by bacterial action from cholate. It is usually conjugated with glycine or taurine. Deoxycholic acid acts as a detergent to solubilize fats for intestinal absorption, is reabsorbed itself, and is used as a choleretic and detergent.. deoxycholic acid : A bile acid that is 5beta-cholan-24-oic acid substituted by hydroxy groups at positions 3 and 12 respectively.	4.18	6	0	bile acid; C24-steroid; dihydroxy-5beta-cholanic acid	human blood serum metabolite
estradiol 3-benzoate 17beta-estradiol 3-benzoate : A benzoate ester resulting from the formal condensation of benzoic acid with the phenolic hydroxy group of 17beta-estradiol.	2.96	4	0	17beta-hydroxy steroid; benzoate ester	estrogen receptor agonist; xenoestrogen
cortisone [no description available]	4.65	9	0	11-oxo steroid; 17alpha-hydroxy steroid; 20-oxo steroid; 21-hydroxy steroid; 3-oxo-Delta(4) steroid; C21-steroid; glucocorticoid; primary alpha-hydroxy ketone; tertiary alpha-hydroxy ketone	human metabolite; mouse metabolite
equilin Equilin: An estrogenic steroid produced by HORSES. It has a total of four double bonds in the A- and B-ring. High concentration of euilin is found in the URINE of pregnant mares.	2.01	1	0	17-oxo steroid; 3-hydroxy steroid
19-norprogesterone 19-norprogesterone: RN given refers to cpd without isomeric designation	2.01	1	0	corticosteroid hormone
1-methyl-3,4-dihydroisoquinoline 1-methyl-3,4-dihydroisoquinoline: structure in first source	2.31	1	0
eudesmin eudesmin: RN refers to (1R-(1alpha,3aalpha,4alpha,6aalpha))-isomer; structure given in first source; very similar to pinoresinol	2.11	1	0
3-nitrotyrosine 3-nitrotyrosine: RN given refers to parent cpd without isomeric designation. 3-nitrotyrosine : A nitrotyrosine comprising tyrosine having a nitro group at the 3-position on the phenyl ring.	4.33	19	0	2-nitrophenols; C-nitro compound; nitrotyrosine; non-proteinogenic alpha-amino acid
5-hydroxymethylfurfural 5-hydroxymethylfurfural: has antisickling activity; HMF is the causative component in honey that affects the presystemic metabolism and pharmacokinetics of GZ in-vivo. 5-hydroxymethylfurfural : A member of the class of furans that is furan which is substituted at positions 2 and 5 by formyl and hydroxymethyl substituents, respectively. Virtually absent from fresh foods, it is naturally generated in sugar-containing foods during storage, and especially by drying or cooking. It is the causative component in honey that affects the presystemic metabolism and pharmacokinetics of GZ in-vivo.	2.05	1	0	arenecarbaldehyde; furans; primary alcohol	indicator; Maillard reaction product
3-methylglutamic acid [no description available]	8.43	7	0
sodium sulfide sodium sulfide: see also record for sodium bisulfide; actisoufre is the sodium sulfide component of sulfur-containing thermal springs which is also found in Saccharomyces cerevisiae	1.99	1	0
propargylamine propargylamine: RN given refers to parent cpd; structure	2.02	1	0
lanosterol [no description available]	2.01	1	0	14alpha-methyl steroid; 3beta-sterol; tetracyclic triterpenoid	bacterial metabolite; human metabolite; mouse metabolite; plant metabolite; Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite
anisomycin Anisomycin: An antibiotic isolated from various Streptomyces species. It interferes with protein and DNA synthesis by inhibiting peptidyl transferase or the 80S ribosome system.. (-)-anisomycin : An antibiotic isolated from various Streptomyces species. It interferes with protein and DNA synthesis by inhibiting peptidyl transferase or the 80S ribosome system.	3.86	12	0	monohydroxypyrrolidine; organonitrogen heterocyclic antibiotic	anticoronaviral agent; antimicrobial agent; antineoplastic agent; antiparasitic agent; bacterial metabolite; DNA synthesis inhibitor; protein synthesis inhibitor
benzofurans Benzofurans: Compounds that contain a BENZENE ring fused to a furan ring.	5.25	50	0
benzarone benzarone: antihemorrhagic agent; structure	2.05	1	0	1-benzofurans
estramustine Estramustine: A nitrogen mustard linked to estradiol, usually as phosphate; used to treat prostatic neoplasms; also has radiation protective properties.. estramustine : A carbamate ester obtained by the formal condensation of the hydroxy group of 17beta-estradiol with the carboxy group of bis(2-chloroethyl)carbamic acid.	2.05	1	0	17beta-hydroxy steroid; carbamate ester; organochlorine compound	alkylating agent; antineoplastic agent; radiation protective agent
lupeol [no description available]	2.47	2	0	pentacyclic triterpenoid; secondary alcohol	anti-inflammatory drug; plant metabolite
withaferin a withaferin A: an antiestrogen and phytogenic antineoplastic agent isolated from leaves of Withania somnifera Dun.; structure. withaferin A : A withanolide that is 5,6:22,26-diepoxyergosta-2,24-diene-1,26-dione substituted by hydroxy groups at positions 4 and 27 (the 4beta,5beta,6beta,22R stereoisomer). Isolated from Physalis longifolia, it exhibits cytotoxic activity.	2.49	2	0	27-hydroxy steroid; 4-hydroxy steroid; delta-lactone; enone; epoxy steroid; ergostanoid; primary alcohol; secondary alcohol; withanolide	antineoplastic agent; apoptosis inducer
fusicoccin fusicoccin: phytotoxic glycoside from Fusicoccum amydali; structure	2.01	1	0
1-aminoproline 1-aminoproline: constituent of linatine; thought to be responsible for in vivo toxicity of linseed meal for turkey poults; RN given refers to(D)-isomer; pyridoxine antag	2.13	1	0	proline derivative
noscapine Noscapine: A naturally occurring opium alkaloid that is a centrally acting antitussive agent.. (-)-noscapine : A benzylisoquinoline alkaloid that is 1,2,3,4-tetrahydroisoquinoline which is substituted by a 4,5-dimethoxy-3-oxo-1,3-dihydro-2-benzofuran-1-yl group at position 1, a methylenedioxy group at positions 6-7 and a methoxy group at position 8. Obtained from plants of the Papaveraceae family, it lacks significant painkilling properties and is primarily used for its antitussive (cough-suppressing) effects.	2.05	1	0	aromatic ether; benzylisoquinoline alkaloid; cyclic acetal; isobenzofuranone; organic heterobicyclic compound; organic heterotricyclic compound; tertiary amino compound	antineoplastic agent; antitussive; apoptosis inducer; plant metabolite
homoharringtonine Homoharringtonine: Semisynthetic derivative of harringtonine that acts as a protein synthesis inhibitor and induces APOPTOSIS in tumor cells. It is used in the treatment of MYELOID LEUKEMIA, CHRONIC.. omacetaxine mepesuccinate : A cephalotaxine-derived alkaloid ester obtained from Cephalotaxus harringtonia; used for the treatment of chronic or accelerated phase chronic myeloid leukaemia.	2.05	1	0	alkaloid ester; enol ether; organic heteropentacyclic compound; tertiary alcohol	anticoronaviral agent; antineoplastic agent; apoptosis inducer; protein synthesis inhibitor
acivicin [no description available]	5.31	21	0	isoxazoles; non-proteinogenic L-alpha-amino acid; organochlorine compound	antileishmanial agent; antimetabolite; antimicrobial agent; antineoplastic agent; EC 2.3.2.2 (gamma-glutamyltransferase) inhibitor; glutamine antagonist; metabolite
pnu 120596 1-(5-chloro-2,4-dimethoxyphenyl)-3-(5-methylisoxazol-3-yl)urea: an alpha7nAChR agonist; structure in first source	3.03	4	0	ureas
wortmannin [no description available]	4.02	14	0	acetate ester; cyclic ketone; delta-lactone; organic heteropentacyclic compound	anticoronaviral agent; antineoplastic agent; autophagy inhibitor; EC 2.7.1.137 (phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase) inhibitor; geroprotector; Penicillium metabolite; radiosensitizing agent
n-ethylglycine [no description available]	2.11	1	0	N-alkylglycine zwitterion; N-alkylglycine
ibogaine Ibogaine: One of several indole alkaloids extracted from Tabernanthe iboga, Baill. It has a complex pharmacological profile, and interacts with multiple systems of neurotransmission. Ibogaine has psychoactive properties and appears to modulate tolerance to opiates.. ibogaine : An organic heteropentacyclic compound that is ibogamine in which the indole hydrogen para to the indole nitrogen has been replaced by a methoxy group.	4.21	5	0
pifithrin mu 2-phenylacetylenesulfonamide: induces p53-independent apoptotic killing of B-chronic lymphocytic leukemia cells; also inhibits Hsp70 and autophagy	2.1	1	0	benzenes
withanolides Withanolides: Ergostane derivatives of 28 carbons with oxygens at C1, C22, and C26 positions and the side chain cyclized. They are found in WITHANIA plant genus and have cytotoxic and other effects.	2.52	2	0
glycyl-glycyl-sarcosine glycyl-glycyl-sarcosine: structure given in first source	2.05	1	0
sorbinil sorbinil: aldose reductase inhibitor. sorbinil : An azaspiro compound having a monofluoro-substituted chromane skeleton spiro-linked to an imidazolidinedione ring.	2.92	1	0	azaspiro compound; chromanes; imidazolidinone; organofluorine compound; oxaspiro compound	antioxidant; EC 1.1.1.21 (aldehyde reductase) inhibitor
arphamenine b arphamenine B: from Chromobacterium violaceum; structure given in second source	1.98	1	0
o-(chloroacetylcarbamoyl)fumagillol O-(Chloroacetylcarbamoyl)fumagillol: Semisynthetic analog of fumagillin (a cyclohexane-sesquiterpene antibiotic isolated from ASPERGILLUS FUMIGATUS) that inhibits angiogenesis.. O-(chloroacetylcarbamoyl)fumagillol : A carbamate ester that is fumagillol in which the hydroxy group has been converted to the corresponding N-(chloroacetyl)carbamate derivative.	2.05	1	0	carbamate ester; organochlorine compound; semisynthetic derivative; sesquiterpenoid; spiro-epoxide	angiogenesis inhibitor; antineoplastic agent; EC 1.5.1.3 (dihydrofolate reductase) inhibitor; methionine aminopeptidase 2 inhibitor; retinoic acid receptor alpha antagonist
tris(2-pyridylmethyl)amine tris(2-pyridylmethyl)amine: structure in first source	2.02	1	0
taurochenodeoxycholic acid Taurochenodeoxycholic Acid: A bile salt formed in the liver by conjugation of chenodeoxycholate with taurine, usually as the sodium salt. It acts as detergent to solubilize fats in the small intestine and is itself absorbed. It is used as a cholagogue and choleretic.. taurochenodeoxycholate : An organosulfonate oxoanion that is the conjugate base of taurochenodeoxycholic acid arising from deprotonation of the sulfonate OH group; major species at pH 7.3.. taurochenodeoxycholic acid : A bile acid taurine conjugate of chenodeoxycholic acid.	3.37	2	0	bile acid taurine conjugate	human metabolite; mouse metabolite
bortezomib [no description available]	2.48	2	0	amino acid amide; L-phenylalanine derivative; pyrazines	antineoplastic agent; antiprotozoal drug; protease inhibitor; proteasome inhibitor
calcein am calcein AM: a non-fluorescent compound cleaved to a fluorescent compound by non-specific intracellular esterases. calcein am : An organic heteropentacyclic compound that is calcein in which all four carboxy group hydrogens have been substituted by (acetyloxy)methoxy groups and the hyrodgens of the two hydroxy groups have been substituted by acetyl groups. It is a a non-fluorescent probe cleaved to a fluorescent probe by non-specific intracellular esterases.	2.71	3	0	2-benzofurans; acetate ester; gamma-lactone; organic heteropentacyclic compound; oxaspiro compound; xanthene dye	fluorochrome
ritonavir Ritonavir: An HIV protease inhibitor that works by interfering with the reproductive cycle of HIV. It also inhibits CYTOCHROME P-450 CYP3A.. ritonavir : An L-valine derivative that is L-valinamide in which alpha-amino group has been acylated by a [(2-isopropyl-1,3-thiazol-4-yl)methyl]methylcarbamoyl group and in which a hydrogen of the carboxamide amino group has been replaced by a (2R,4S,5S)-4-hydroxy-1,6-diphenyl-5-{[(1,3-thiazol-5-ylmethoxy)carbonyl]amino}hexan-2-yl group. A CYP3A inhibitor and antiretroviral drug from the protease inhibitor class used to treat HIV infection and AIDS, it is often used as a fixed-dose combination with another protease inhibitor, lopinavir. Also used in combination with dasabuvir sodium hydrate, ombitasvir and paritaprevir (under the trade name Viekira Pak) for treatment of chronic hepatitis C virus genotype 1 infection as well as cirrhosis of the liver.	3.02	4	0	1,3-thiazoles; carbamate ester; carboxamide; L-valine derivative; ureas	antiviral drug; environmental contaminant; HIV protease inhibitor; xenobiotic
nexavar [no description available]	2.05	1	0	organosulfonate salt
dihydropyridines Dihydropyridines: Pyridine moieties which are partially saturated by the addition of two hydrogen atoms in any position.	5.11	14	0
lanatosides Lanatosides: Glycosides from DIGITALIS lanata leaf. Lanatoside C has actions similar to DIGOXIN. Mixtures of lanatosides A, B, and C have also been used. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p670)	2.62	3	0
protoverin Protoveratrines: Mixtures of closely related hypotensive alkaloids from Veratrum album (Liliaceae). They have been used in the treatment of hypertension but have largely been replaced by drugs with fewer adverse effects.	1.96	1	0
methylmercuric chloride methylmercuric chloride: RN given refers to unlabeled cpd	3.61	9	0	chlorine molecular entity; mercury coordination entity; one-carbon compound
3-aminocyclopentane-1-carboxylic acid 3-aminocyclopentane-1-carboxylic acid: structure given in first source; a selective GABA-A agonist; a cyclopentane analog of GABA; RN given for (trans)-isomer	1.98	1	0
2-amino-4-oxo-5-chloropentanoate 2-amino-4-oxo-5-chloropentanoate: inhibitor of asparagine synthetase; structure	1.96	1	0
4-aminopiperidine 4-aminopiperidine: structure in first source	2.46	2	0
leupeptins Leupeptins: A group of acylated oligopeptides produced by Actinomycetes that function as protease inhibitors. They have been known to inhibit to varying degrees trypsin, plasmin, KALLIKREINS, papain and the cathepsins.	3.5	8	0
carboplatin [no description available]	2.02	1	0
anatoxin a anatoxin a: found in Anabaena; was indexed to cyanobacterial toxin (MARINE TOXINS) 1978-2006; also see anatoxin-a(s)	2.42	2	0	tropane alkaloid
lithium chloride Lithium Chloride: A salt of lithium that has been used experimentally as an immunomodulator.. lithium chloride : A metal chloride salt with a Li(+) counterion.	4.59	25	0	inorganic chloride; lithium salt	antimanic drug; geroprotector
s-adenosylhomocysteine S-Adenosylhomocysteine: 5'-S-(3-Amino-3-carboxypropyl)-5'-thioadenosine. Formed from S-adenosylmethionine after transmethylation reactions.. S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine : An organic sulfide that is the S-adenosyl derivative of L-homocysteine.	2.52	2	0	adenosines; amino acid zwitterion; homocysteine derivative; homocysteines; organic sulfide	cofactor; EC 2.1.1.72 [site-specific DNA-methyltransferase (adenine-specific)] inhibitor; EC 2.1.1.79 (cyclopropane-fatty-acyl-phospholipid synthase) inhibitor; epitope; fundamental metabolite
glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate Glyceraldehyde 3-Phosphate: An aldotriose which is an important intermediate in glycolysis and in tryptophan biosynthesis.. glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate : An aldotriose phosphate that is the 3-phospho derivative of glyceraldehyde. It is an important metabolic intermediate in several central metabolic pathways in all organisms.	2.98	4	0	glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate	mouse metabolite
glycogen glycogen : A polydisperse, highly branched glucan composed of chains of D-glucopyranose residues in alpha(1->4) glycosidic linkage, joined together by alpha(1->6) glycosidic linkages. A small number of alpha(1->3) glycosidic linkages and some cumulative alpha(1->6) links also may occur. The branches in glycogen typically contain 8 to 12 glucose residues.	12.25	82	3
5'-deoxyadenosine 5'-deoxyadenosine: main heading DEOXYADENOSINE refers to the 3' cpd. 5'-deoxyadenosine : A 5'-deoxyribonucleoside compound having adenosine as the nucleobase.	2.93	4	0	5'-deoxyribonucleoside; adenosines	Escherichia coli metabolite; human metabolite; mouse metabolite
ribulose 5-phosphate ribulose 5-phosphate: RN given refers to cpd without isomeric designation. D-ribulose 5-phosphate : The D-enantiomer of ribulose 5-phosphate that is one of the end-products of the pentose phosphate pathway.. ribulose 5-phosphate : A ribulose phosphate in which the phosphate group is attached at position 5.	2.43	2	0	ribulose 5-phosphate	mouse metabolite
arabinose [no description available]	4.71	11	0	L-arabinose	Escherichia coli metabolite; mouse metabolite
n-acetylneuraminic acid N-Acetylneuraminic Acid: An N-acyl derivative of neuraminic acid. N-acetylneuraminic acid occurs in many polysaccharides, glycoproteins, and glycolipids in animals and bacteria. (From Dorland, 28th ed, p1518). N-acetylneuraminic acid : An N-acylneuraminic acid where the N-acyl group is specified as acetyl.	3.89	12	0	N-acetylneuraminic acids	antioxidant; bacterial metabolite; EC 3.2.1.18 (exo-alpha-sialidase) inhibitor; human metabolite; mouse metabolite
fibrin Fibrin: A protein derived from FIBRINOGEN in the presence of THROMBIN, which forms part of the blood clot.	3.39	7	0	peptide
bradykinin [no description available]	13.61	51	1	oligopeptide	human blood serum metabolite; vasodilator agent
canavanine L-canavanine : A non-proteinogenic L-alpha-amino acid that is L-homoserine substituted at oxygen with a guanidino (carbamimidamido) group. Although structurally related to L-arginine, it is non-proteinogenic.	2.87	3	0	amino acid zwitterion; non-proteinogenic L-alpha-amino acid	phytogenic insecticide; plant metabolite
amylopectin Amylopectin: A highly branched glucan in starch.. amylopectin : A polydisperse highly branched polysaccharide derivative composed of chains of D-glucopyranose residues in alpha(1->4) glycosidic linkage. The chains are joined together by alpha(1->6) glycosidic linkages. A small number of alpha(1->3) glycosidic linkages and some 6-phosphate ester groups also may occur. The branches in amylopectin typically contain 24 to 30 glucose residues.	2.6	1	0
hexacyanoferrate iii hexacyanoferrate III: RN given refers to parent cpd	4.19	5	0
glucosamine D-glucosamine : An amino sugar whose structure comprises D-glucose having an amino substituent at position 2.. 2-amino-2-deoxy-D-glucopyranose : A D-glucosamine whose structure comprises D-glucopyranose having an amino substituent at position 2.	5.44	20	0	D-glucosamine	Escherichia coli metabolite; geroprotector; mouse metabolite
glucosamine 6-phosphate glucosamine 6-phosphate: RN given refers to parent cpd	2.75	3	0	2-amino-2-deoxy-D-glucopyranose 6-phosphate	human metabolite; Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite
elastin [no description available]	8.5	8	0	oligopeptide
carnosine polaprezinc: stimulates bone growth	7.4	20	2	amino acid zwitterion; dipeptide	anticonvulsant; antineoplastic agent; antioxidant; Daphnia magna metabolite; geroprotector; human metabolite; mouse metabolite; neuroprotective agent
mevalonic acid Mevalonic Acid: A dihydroxy monocarboxylic acid and precursor in the biosynthetic pathway known as the mevalonate pathway, which produces terpenes and steroids that are vital for diverse cellular functions.. mevalonic acid : A racemate composed of equimolar amounts of (R)- and (S)-mevalonic acid.. (R)-mevalonic acid : The (R)-enantiomer of mevalonic acid.	2.42	2	0	3,5-dihydroxy-3-methylpentanoic acid
formiminoglutamic acid Formiminoglutamic Acid: Measurement of this acid in the urine after oral administration of histidine provides the basis for the diagnostic test of folic acid deficiency and of megaloblastic anemia of pregnancy.. N-formimidoyl-L-glutamic acid : The N-formimidoyl derivative of L-glutamic acid	2.41	2	0	dicarboxylic acid; L-glutamic acid derivative
raffinose Raffinose: A trisaccharide occurring in Australian manna (from Eucalyptus spp, Myrtaceae) and in cottonseed meal.. raffinose : A trisaccharide composed of alpha-D-galactopyranose, alpha-D-glucopyranose and beta-D-fructofuranose joined in sequence by 1->6 and 1<->2 glycosidic linkages, respectively.	1.97	1	0	raffinose family oligosaccharide; trisaccharide	mouse metabolite; plant metabolite; Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite
pantoic acid pantoic acid: RN given refers to cpd without isomeric designation	6.92	1	0	pantoic acid
epiglucan epiglucan: a highly side-chain/branched alkali-insoluble cell wall glucan from fungus such as Epicoccum nigrum, Botrytis cinerea, ascomycetes & basidiomycetes; also isolated S-4001 from Lei Wan (polyporus mylitiae), HA-beta-glucan from mushroom Pleutotus ostreatus (Fr.) Quel., and translam from seaweed Laminaria cichorioides; with commercially important functional properties including emulsification and friction reduction.	2.06	1	0
diaminopimelic acid Diaminopimelic Acid: A diamino derivative of heptanedioic acid with amino groups at C-2 and C-6 and the general formula (COOH)CH(NH2)CH2CH2CH2CH(NH2)(COOH).. LL-2,6-diaminopimelic acid : A 2,6-diaminopimelic acid in which both chiral centres have S configuration. It is a component of bacterial cell wall.	9.31	19	0	2,6-diaminopimelic acid; amino acid zwitterion	Escherichia coli metabolite
oxytocin Oxytocin: A nonapeptide hormone released from the neurohypophysis (PITUITARY GLAND, POSTERIOR). It differs from VASOPRESSIN by two amino acids at residues 3 and 8. Oxytocin acts on SMOOTH MUSCLE CELLS, such as causing UTERINE CONTRACTIONS and MILK EJECTION.. oxytocin : A cyclic nonapeptide hormone with amino acid sequence CYIQNCPLG that also acts as a neurotransmitter in the brain; the principal uterine-contracting and milk-ejecting hormone of the posterior pituitary. Together with the neuropeptide vasopressin, it is believed to influence social cognition and behaviour.	9.78	80	0	heterodetic cyclic peptide; peptide hormone	oxytocic; vasodilator agent
dithioerythritol [no description available]	2.07	1	0	1,4-dimercaptobutane-2,3-diol	reducing agent
theanine theanine: RN given refers to (L)-isomer; precursor of ethylamine; found in green tea. N(5)-ethyl-L-glutamine : A N(5)-alkylglutamine where the alkyl group is ethyl. It has been isolated from green tea.	10.61	36	3	amino acid zwitterion; N(5)-alkyl-L-glutamine	geroprotector; neuroprotective agent; plant metabolite
d-2-hydroxyglutarate (R)-2-hydroxyglutaric acid : The (R)-enantiomer of 2-hydroxyglutaric acid.	2.53	2	0	2-hydroxyglutaric acid	algal metabolite
inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate Inositol 1,4,5-Trisphosphate: Intracellular messenger formed by the action of phospholipase C on phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate, which is one of the phospholipids that make up the cell membrane. Inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate is released into the cytoplasm where it releases calcium ions from internal stores within the cell's endoplasmic reticulum. These calcium ions stimulate the activity of B kinase or calmodulin.	7.21	51	0	myo-inositol trisphosphate	mouse metabolite
cysteinylglycine cysteinylglycine: RN given refers to (L)-isomer; RN for cpd without isomeric designation not in Chemlne 7/13/83. L-cysteinylglycine : A dipeptide consisting of glycine having an L-cysteinyl attached to its alpha-amino group. It is an intermediate metabolite in glutathione metabolism.	3.24	6	0	dipeptide zwitterion; dipeptide	Escherichia coli metabolite; human metabolite; Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite
glutamyl-glutamic acid glutamyl-glutamic acid: RN given for (L,L)-isomer. Glu-Glu : A dipeptide composed of two L-glutamic acid units joined by a peptide linkage.	2.7	3	0	dipeptide	Mycoplasma genitalium metabolite
ouabain Ouabain: A cardioactive glycoside consisting of rhamnose and ouabagenin, obtained from the seeds of Strophanthus gratus and other plants of the Apocynaceae; used like DIGITALIS. It is commonly used in cell biological studies as an inhibitor of the NA(+)-K(+)-EXCHANGING ATPASE.. cardiac glycoside : Steroid lactones containing sugar residues that act on the contractile force of the cardiac muscles.. ouabain : A steroid hormone that is a multi-hydroxylated alpha-L-rhamnosyl cardenoloide. It binds to and inhibits the plasma membrane Na(+)/K(+)-ATPase (sodium pump). It has been isolated naturally from Strophanthus gratus.	12.46	95	0	11alpha-hydroxy steroid; 14beta-hydroxy steroid; 5beta-hydroxy steroid; alpha-L-rhamnoside; cardenolide glycoside; steroid hormone	anti-arrhythmia drug; cardiotonic drug; EC 2.3.3.1 [citrate (Si)-synthase] inhibitor; EC 3.1.3.41 (4-nitrophenylphosphatase) inhibitor; EC 3.6.3.10 (H(+)/K(+)-exchanging ATPase) inhibitor; EC 3.6.3.9 (Na(+)/K(+)-transporting ATPase) inhibitor; ion transport inhibitor; plant metabolite
allose [no description available]	2.46	2	0	allopyranose; D-allose	antioxidant
amastatin amastatin: structure; inhibits aminopeptidase. amastatin : A tetrapeptide comprising (2S,3R)-3-amino-2-hydroxy-5-methylhexanoyl, L-valyl, L-valyl and L-aspartic acid units joined in sequence	2.01	1	0	tetrapeptide	EC 3.4.11.* (aminopeptidase) inhibitor; protease inhibitor
casein hydrolysate casein hydrolysate: an ingredient of trypticase soy broth; casitone is a tryptic digest of casein	1.94	1	0
D-leucine [no description available]	2.46	2	0	D-alpha-amino acid zwitterion; D-alpha-amino acid; leucine	bacterial metabolite; Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite
puromycin [no description available]	2.42	2	0	puromycins	antiinfective agent; antimicrobial agent; antineoplastic agent; EC 3.4.11.14 (cytosol alanyl aminopeptidase) inhibitor; EC 3.4.14.2 (dipeptidyl-peptidase II) inhibitor; nucleoside antibiotic; protein synthesis inhibitor
xylobiose xylobiose: RN given refers to D-xylose. xylobiose : A glycosylxylose that is D-xylopyranose having a beta-D-xylopyranosyl residue attached at position 4 via a glycosidic bond.	2.7	3	0	glycosylxylose	bacterial metabolite
cellotetraose cellotetraose: RN given refers to (beta-D)-isomer. cellotetraose : A glucotetrose comprised of four D-glucose residues connected by beta(1->4) linkages.	2.07	1	0	glucotetraose
maltotetraose alpha-D-Glcp-(1->4)-alpha-D-Glcp-(1->4)-alpha-D-Glcp-(1->4)-D-Glcp : A maltotetraose tetrasaccharide consisting of three alpha-D-glucopyranose residues and a D-glucopyranose residue joined in sequence by (1->4) glycosidic bonds.	2.1	1	0	maltotetraose tetrasaccharide
tosylphenylalanyl chloromethyl ketone Tosylphenylalanyl Chloromethyl Ketone: An inhibitor of Serine Endopeptidases. Acts as alkylating agent and is known to interfere with the translation process.. N-tosyl-L-phenylalanyl chloromethyl ketone : The N-tosyl derivative of L-phenylalanyl chloromethyl ketone.	2.43	2	0	alpha-chloroketone; sulfonamide	alkylating agent; serine proteinase inhibitor
tartaric acid tartaric acid: RN given refers to cpd with unspecified isomeric designation. D-tartaric acid : The D-enantiomer of tartaric acid.	3.13	5	0	tartaric acid	Escherichia coli metabolite
alpha-aminobutyric acid alpha-aminobutyric acid: RN given refers to cpd without isomeric designation. alpha-aminobutyric acid : An alpha-amino acid that is butyric acid bearing a single amino substituent located at position 2.. D-alpha-aminobutyric acid : An optically active form of alpha-aminobutyric acid having D-configuration.	3.5	8	0	alpha-aminobutyric acid; D-alpha-amino acid
pentostatin Pentostatin: A potent inhibitor of ADENOSINE DEAMINASE. The drug induces APOPTOSIS of LYMPHOCYTES, and is used in the treatment of many lymphoproliferative malignancies, particularly HAIRY CELL LEUKEMIA. It is also synergistic with some other antineoplastic agents and has immunosuppressive activity.. pentostatin : A member of the class of coformycins that is coformycin in which the hydroxy group at position 2' is replaced with a hydrogen. It is a drug used for the treatment of hairy cell leukaemia.	1.99	1	0	coformycins	antimetabolite; antineoplastic agent; Aspergillus metabolite; bacterial metabolite; EC 3.5.4.4 (adenosine deaminase) inhibitor
monoiodotyrosine Monoiodotyrosine: A product from the iodination of tyrosine. In the biosynthesis of thyroid hormones (THYROXINE and TRIIODOTHYRONINE), tyrosine is first iodized to monoiodotyrosine.. iodotyrosine : A tyrosine derivative which has at least one iodo-substituent on the benzyl moiety.. monoiodotyrosine : An iodotyrosine carrying a single iodo substituent.. 3-iodo-L-tyrosine : The monoiodotyrosine that is L-tyrosine carrying an iodo-substituent at position C-3 of the benzyl group.	2.05	1	0	amino acid zwitterion; L-tyrosine derivative; monoiodotyrosine; non-proteinogenic L-alpha-amino acid	EC 1.14.16.2 (tyrosine 3-monooxygenase) inhibitor; human metabolite; mouse metabolite
alpha-hydroxyglutarate, (l)-isomer [no description available]	2.53	2	0	2-hydroxyglutaric acid
nitroarginine Nitroarginine: An inhibitor of nitric oxide synthetase which has been shown to prevent glutamate toxicity. Nitroarginine has been experimentally tested for its ability to prevent ammonia toxicity and ammonia-induced alterations in brain energy and ammonia metabolites. (Neurochem Res 1995:200(4):451-6). N(gamma)-nitro-L-arginine : An L-arginine derivative that is L-arginine in which the terminal nitrogen of the guanidyl group is replaced by a nitro group.	5.25	51	0	guanidines; L-arginine derivative; N-nitro compound; non-proteinogenic L-alpha-amino acid
willardiine willardiine: isolated from seeds of Acacia willariana; structure. 3-(uracil-1-yl)-L-alanine : The 3-(uracil-1-yl) derivative of L-alanine.	3.27	6	0	amino acid zwitterion; L-alanine derivative; non-proteinogenic L-alpha-amino acid
inositol 3-phosphate inositol 3-phosphate: RN given refers to (myo)-isomer	3.12	5	0
adenosine 5'-o-(3-thiotriphosphate) adenosine 5'-O-(3-thiotriphosphate): RN given refers to cpd with unspecified locant for thio group; see also records for 1-thio & 2-thio-isomers. adenosine 5'-[gamma-thio]triphosphate : A nucleoside triphosphate analogue that is ATP in which one of the oxygens attached to 3-phosphate group is replaced by sulfur.	3.87	12	0	nucleoside triphosphate analogue
homoglutathione [no description available]	7	1	0	gamma-glutamylcysteine
dehydroascorbic acid Dehydroascorbic Acid: The reversibly oxidized form of ascorbic acid. It is the lactone of 2,3-DIKETOGULONIC ACID and has antiscorbutic activity in man on oral ingestion.. L-dehydroascorbate : An organic anion and the conjugate base of L-dehydroascorbic acid, arising from deprotonation of the acidic C2-position.. L-dehydroascorbic acid : Dehydroascorbic acid having the L-configuration.	2.92	4	0	dehydroascorbic acid; vitamin C	coenzyme; mouse metabolite
arabinofuranose arabinofuranose: structure in first source. L-arabinofuranose : The five-membered ring form of L-arabinose.	2.1	1	0	L-arabinose
arbutin hydroquinone O-beta-D-glucopyranoside : A monosaccharide derivative that is hydroquinone attached to a beta-D-glucopyranosyl residue at position 4 via a glycosidic linkage.	2.31	1	0	beta-D-glucoside; monosaccharide derivative	Escherichia coli metabolite; plant metabolite
fructans (2->6)-beta-D-fructan : A fructan compound consisting of repeating (2->6)-beta-linked fructofuranose units.	2.02	1	0
cellulase Cellulase: An endocellulase with specificity for the hydrolysis of 1,4-beta-glucosidic linkages in CELLULOSE, lichenin, and cereal beta-glucans.. beta-cellotriose : A cellotriose with a beta-configuration at the anomeric position.	4.45	22	0	cellotriose
iduronate Iduronic Acid: Component of dermatan sulfate. Differs in configuration from glucuronic acid only at the C-5 position.. iduronic acid : A member of the class of iduronic acids that is the major uronic acid component of the dermatan sulfate and heparin.. idopyranuronic acid : The pyranose form of iduronic acid.. L-idopyranuronic acid : The L-stereoisomer of idopyranuronic acid.. L-iduronic acid : Any iduronic acid having L-configuration.	2.01	1	0	idopyranuronic acid; L-iduronic acid
strychnine Strychnine: An alkaloid found in the seeds of STRYCHNOS NUX-VOMICA. It is a competitive antagonist at glycine receptors and thus a convulsant. It has been used as an analeptic, in the treatment of nonketotic hyperglycinemia and sleep apnea, and as a rat poison.. strychnine : A monoterpenoid indole alkaloid that is strychnidine bearing a keto substituent at the 10-position.	7.84	91	0	monoterpenoid indole alkaloid; organic heteroheptacyclic compound	avicide; cholinergic antagonist; glycine receptor antagonist; neurotransmitter agent; rodenticide
quinidine Quinidine: An optical isomer of quinine, extracted from the bark of the CHINCHONA tree and similar plant species. This alkaloid dampens the excitability of cardiac and skeletal muscles by blocking sodium and potassium currents across cellular membranes. It prolongs cellular ACTION POTENTIALS, and decreases automaticity. Quinidine also blocks muscarinic and alpha-adrenergic neurotransmission.. quinidine : A cinchona alkaloid consisting of cinchonine with the hydrogen at the 6-position of the quinoline ring substituted by methoxy.	5.85	8	1	cinchona alkaloid	alpha-adrenergic antagonist; anti-arrhythmia drug; antimalarial; drug allergen; EC 1.14.13.181 (13-deoxydaunorubicin hydroxylase) inhibitor; EC 3.6.3.44 (xenobiotic-transporting ATPase) inhibitor; muscarinic antagonist; P450 inhibitor; potassium channel blocker; sodium channel blocker
thienamycin thienamycin: beta-lactam antibiotic; RN given refers to cpd without isomeric designation	2.02	1	0	carbapenems
meropenem Meropenem: A thienamycin derivative antibacterial agent that is more stable to renal dehydropeptidase I than IMIPENEM, but does not need to be given with an enzyme inhibitor such as CILASTATIN. It is used in the treatment of bacterial infections, including infections in immunocompromised patients.. meropenem : A carbapenemcarboxylic acid in which the azetidine and pyrroline rings carry 1-hydroxymethyl and in which the azetidine and pyrroline rings carry 1-hydroxymethyl and 5-(dimethylcarbamoyl)pyrrolidin-3-ylthio substituents respectively.	2.48	2	0	alpha,beta-unsaturated monocarboxylic acid; carbapenemcarboxylic acid; organic sulfide; pyrrolidinecarboxamide	antibacterial agent; antibacterial drug; drug allergen
sq 27860 carbapenem-3-carboxylic acid: from species of Serratia & Erwinia; carbapenam antibiotic; structure given in first source. 1-carbapenem-3-carboxylic acid : A carbapenemcarboxylic acid that is the 3-carboxy derivative of 2,3-didehydro-1-carbapenam.	2.02	1	0	alpha,beta-unsaturated monocarboxylic acid; carbapenemcarboxylic acid
griseofulvin Griseofulvin: An antifungal agent used in the treatment of TINEA infections.. griseofulvin : An oxaspiro compound produced by Penicillium griseofulvum. It is used by mouth as an antifungal drug for infections involving the scalp, hair, nails and skin that do not respond to topical treatment.	2.05	1	0	1-benzofurans; antibiotic antifungal drug; benzofuran antifungal drug; organochlorine compound; oxaspiro compound	antibacterial agent; Penicillium metabolite
actinorhodin actinorhodin: structure. actinorhodin : A member of the class of benzoisochromanequinone that is produced by Streptomyces coelicolor A3(2) and exhibits antibiotic activity.	2.42	2	0
monensin Monensin: An antiprotozoal agent produced by Streptomyces cinnamonensis. It exerts its effect during the development of first-generation trophozoites into first-generation schizonts within the intestinal epithelial cells. It does not interfere with hosts' development of acquired immunity to the majority of coccidial species. Monensin is a sodium and proton selective ionophore and is widely used as such in biochemical studies.. monensin A : A spiroketal, monensin A is the major component of monensin, a mixture of antibiotic substances produced by Streptomyces cinnamonensis. An antiprotozoal, it is used as the sodium salt as a feed additive for the prevention of coccidiosis in poultry and as a growth promoter in cattle.	4.34	20	0	cyclic hemiketal; monocarboxylic acid; polyether antibiotic; spiroketal	antifungal agent; coccidiostat; ionophore
cefoxitin Cefoxitin: A semisynthetic cephamycin antibiotic resistant to beta-lactamase.. cefoxitin : A semisynthetic cephamycin antibiotic which, in addition to the methoxy group at the 7alpha position, has 2-thienylacetamido and carbamoyloxymethyl side-groups. It is resistant to beta-lactamase.	1.99	1	0	beta-lactam antibiotic allergen; cephalosporin; cephamycin; semisynthetic derivative	antibacterial drug
digitoxin Digitoxin: A cardiac glycoside sometimes used in place of DIGOXIN. It has a longer half-life than digoxin; toxic effects, which are similar to those of digoxin, are longer lasting. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p665). digitoxin : A cardenolide glycoside in which the 3beta-hydroxy group of digitoxigenin carries a 2,6-dideoxy-beta-D-ribo-hexopyranosyl-(1->4)-2,6-dideoxy-beta-D-ribo-hexopyranosyl-(1->4)-2,6-dideoxy-beta-D-ribo-hexopyranosyl trisaccharide chain.	2.86	4	0	cardenolide glycoside	EC 3.6.3.9 (Na(+)/K(+)-transporting ATPase) inhibitor
saquinavir Saquinavir: An HIV protease inhibitor which acts as an analog of an HIV protease cleavage site. It is a highly specific inhibitor of HIV-1 and HIV-2 proteases, and also inhibits CYTOCHROME P-450 CYP3A.. saquinavir : An aspartic acid derivative obtained by formal condensation of the primary amino group of (2S,3R)-4-[(3S,4aS,8aS)-3-(tert-butylcarbamoyl)octahydroisoquinolin-2(1H)-yl]-3-hydroxy-1-phenylbutan-2-ylamine with the carboxy group of N(2)(-quinolin-2-ylcarbonyl)-L-asparagine. An inhibitor of HIV-1 protease.	2.05	1	0	L-asparagine derivative; quinolines	antiviral drug; HIV protease inhibitor
pentazocine Pentazocine: The first mixed agonist-antagonist analgesic to be marketed. It is an agonist at the kappa and sigma opioid receptors and has a weak antagonist action at the mu receptor. (From AMA Drug Evaluations Annual, 1991, p97)	3.62	9	0	benzazocine
pancuronium Pancuronium: A bis-quaternary steroid that is a competitive nicotinic antagonist. As a neuromuscular blocking agent it is more potent than CURARE but has less effect on the circulatory system and on histamine release.. pancuronium : A steroid ester in which a 5alpha-androstane skeleton is C-3alpha- and C-17beta-disubstituted with acetoxy groups and 2beta- and 16beta-disubstituted with 1-methylpiperidinium-1-yl groups. It is a non-depolarizing curare-mimetic muscle relaxant.	2.67	3	0	acetate ester; steroid ester	cholinergic antagonist; muscle relaxant; nicotinic antagonist
hyperforin hyperforin: a prenylated acylphloroglucinol derivative; antibiotic component of novoimanine; psychoactive agent in St. John's wort; Russian; structure;. hyperforin : A cyclic terpene ketone that is a prenylated carbobicyclic acylphloroglucinol derivative produced by St. John's Wort, Hypericum perforatum.	3.27	6	0
abacavir abacavir: a carbocyclic nucleoside with potent selective anti-HIV activity. abacavir : A 2,6-diaminopurine that is (1S)-cyclopent-2-en-1-ylmethanol in which the pro-R hydrogen at the 4-position is substituted by a 2-amino-6-(cyclopropylamino)-9H-purin-9-yl group. A nucleoside analogue reverse transcriptase inhibitor (NRTI) with antiretroviral activity against HIV, it is used (particularly as the sulfate) with other antiretrovirals in combination therapy of HIV infection.	2.03	1	0	2,6-diaminopurines	antiviral drug; drug allergen; HIV-1 reverse transcriptase inhibitor
netilmicin Netilmicin: Semisynthetic 1-N-ethyl derivative of SISOMYCIN, an aminoglycoside antibiotic with action similar to gentamicin, but less ear and kidney toxicity.	2.05	1	0
trimethaphan camsylate trimethaphan camsylate : The (S)-camphorsulfonate salt of trimethaphan.	2.05	1	0
erythromycin estolate Erythromycin Estolate: A macrolide antibiotic, produced by Streptomyces erythreus. It is the lauryl sulfate salt of the propionic ester of erythromycin. This erythromycin salt acts primarily as a bacteriostatic agent. In sensitive organisms, it inhibits protein synthesis by binding to 50S ribosomal subunits. This binding process inhibits peptidyl transferase activity and interferes with translocation of amino acids during translation and assembly of proteins.	2.05	1	0	aminoglycoside sulfate salt; erythromycin derivative	enzyme inhibitor
canaline canaline: structure	2.88	4	0	amino acid zwitterion; non-proteinogenic L-alpha-amino acid	antimetabolite; antineoplastic agent; phytogenic insecticide; plant metabolite
norpseudoephedrine norpseudoephedrine: major metabolite of diethylpropion in man under acidic urine conditions; RN given refers to cpd without isomeric designation;. cathine : An amphetamine that is propylbenzene substituted by a hydroxy group at position 1 and by an amino group at position 2 (the 1S,2S-stereoisomer).	6.99	1	0	amphetamines; phenethylamine alkaloid	central nervous system stimulant; plant metabolite; psychotropic drug
phalloidine Phalloidine: Very toxic polypeptide isolated mainly from AMANITA phalloides (Agaricaceae) or death cup; causes fatal liver, kidney and CNS damage in mushroom poisoning; used in the study of liver damage.. phalloidin : A homodetic bicyclic heptapeptide having a sulfide bridge.	2.93	4	0	homodetic cyclic peptide
ryanodine Ryanodine: A methylpyrrole-carboxylate from RYANIA that disrupts the RYANODINE RECEPTOR CALCIUM RELEASE CHANNEL to modify CALCIUM release from SARCOPLASMIC RETICULUM resulting in alteration of MUSCLE CONTRACTION. It was previously used in INSECTICIDES. It is used experimentally in conjunction with THAPSIGARGIN and other inhibitors of CALCIUM ATPASE uptake of calcium into SARCOPLASMIC RETICULUM.. ryanodine : An insecticide alkaloid isolated from South American plant Ryania speciosa.	5.83	35	0
ginsenoside re [no description available]	2.01	1	0	12beta-hydroxy steroid; 3beta-hydroxy-4,4-dimethylsteroid; 3beta-hydroxy steroid; beta-D-glucoside; disaccharide derivative; ginsenoside; tetracyclic triterpenoid	anti-inflammatory agent; antineoplastic agent; antioxidant; nephroprotective agent; neuroprotective agent; plant metabolite
ginsenoside rg1 [no description available]	8.75	10	0	12beta-hydroxy steroid; 3beta-hydroxy-4,4-dimethylsteroid; beta-D-glucoside; ginsenoside; tetracyclic triterpenoid	neuroprotective agent; pro-angiogenic agent
notoginsenoside r1 notoginsenoside R1 : A ginsenoside found in Panax notoginseng that is dammarane which is substituted by hydroxy groups at the 3beta, 6alpha, 12beta and 20 pro-S positions, in which the hydroxy groups at positions 6 and 20 have been converted to the corresponding beta-D-xylopyranosyl-(1->2)-beta-D-glucopyranoside and beta-D-glucopyranoside respectively, and in which a double bond has been introduced at the 24-25 position.	2.05	1	0	12beta-hydroxy steroid; 3beta-hydroxy-4,4-dimethylsteroid; 3beta-hydroxy steroid; beta-D-glucoside; disaccharide derivative; ginsenoside; tetracyclic triterpenoid	antioxidant; apoptosis inducer; neuroprotective agent; phytoestrogen; plant metabolite
2-(2-phenylethyl)chromone 2-(2-phenylethyl)chromone: from Aquilaria sinensis; structure given in first source. 2-(2-phenylethyl)chromone : A member of the class of chromones that is chromone which is substituted by a 2-phenylethyl group at position 2. It is found in agarwood, a fragrant resinous heartwood obtained from certain trees in the genus Aquilaria.	2.07	1	0	benzenes; chromones	plant metabolite
phorbol phorbol: RN given refers to (1aR-(1a alpha,1b beta,4a beta,7a alpha,7b alpha,8 alpha,9 beta,9b beta))-isomer; synonym isophorbol refers to (4a alpha)-isomer; structure in Merck Index, 9th ed, #7143. phorbol : A diterpenoid with the structure of tigliane hydroxylated at C-4, -9, -12(beta), -13 and -20, with an oxo group at C-3 and unsaturation at the 1- and 6-positions.	2	1	0	cyclic ketone; enone; tertiary alcohol; tertiary alpha-hydroxy ketone; tetracyclic diterpenoid
stevioside stevioside: Kaurene glucoside from leaves of Stevia rebaudiana; 300 times as sweet as sugar. stevioside : A diterpene glycoside that is rubusoside in which the hydroxy group at position 2 of the allylic beta-D-glucoside has been converted to the corresponding beta-D-glucoside. It is a natural herbal sweetener that is 250-300 times sweeter than sucrose (though with a bitter aftertaste), extracted from the Stevia rebaudiana plant native to South America.. diterpene glycoside : A terpene glycoside in which the terpene moiety is a diterpenoid.	1.96	1	0	beta-D-glucoside; bridged compound; diterpene glycoside; ent-kaurane diterpenoid; tetracyclic diterpenoid	anti-inflammatory agent; antineoplastic agent; antioxidant; hypoglycemic agent; plant metabolite; sweetening agent
decursin decursin: activates protein kinase C; isolated from the root of Angelica gigas; RN given for (S)-isomer; structure in first source	2.43	2	0	coumarins
afzelechin afzelechin: from Hovenia dulcis; structure in first source. afzelechin : A tetrahydroxyflavan that is (2S)-flavan substituted by hydroxy groups at positions 3, 5, 7 and 4' respectively.	2.02	1	0	catechin; tetrahydroxyflavan	EC 3.2.1.20 (alpha-glucosidase) inhibitor; plant metabolite
picrotoxinin [no description available]	2.05	1	0	epoxide; gamma-lactone; organic heteropentacyclic compound; picrotoxane sesquiterpenoid; tertiary alcohol	GABA antagonist; plant metabolite; serotonergic antagonist
davidigenin davidigenin: has antispasmodic activity; isolated from Mascarenhasia arborescens; structure in first source. davidigenin : A member of the class of dihydrochalcones that is dihydrochalcone substituted by hydroxy groups at positions 4, 2', and 4' respectively.	2.13	1	0	dihydrochalcones; polyphenol	anti-allergic agent; anti-asthmatic agent; antioxidant; metabolite
farrerol farrerol: expectorant principle isolated from leaves of Rhododendron dauricum L; structure	2.6	1	0	organic molecular entity	metabolite
genipin [no description available]	7.85	3	0	iridoid monoterpenoid	anti-inflammatory agent; antioxidant; apoptosis inhibitor; cross-linking reagent; hepatotoxic agent; uncoupling protein inhibitor
naringin [no description available]	2.03	1	0	(2S)-flavan-4-one; 4'-hydroxyflavanones; dihydroxyflavanone; disaccharide derivative; neohesperidoside	anti-inflammatory agent; antineoplastic agent; metabolite
ochratoxin a ochratoxin A: structure in first source & in Merck, 9th ed, #6549. ochratoxin A : A phenylalanine derivative resulting from the formal condensation of the amino group of L-phenylalanine with the carboxy group of (3R)-5-chloro-8-hydroxy-3-methyl-1-oxo-3,4-dihydro-1H-2-benzopyran-7-carboxylic acid (ochratoxin alpha). It is among the most widely occurring food-contaminating mycotoxins, produced by Aspergillus ochraceus, Aspergillus carbonarius and Penicillium verrucosum.	2.5	2	0	isochromanes; monocarboxylic acid amide; N-acyl-L-phenylalanine; organochlorine compound; phenylalanine derivative	Aspergillus metabolite; calcium channel blocker; carcinogenic agent; mycotoxin; nephrotoxin; Penicillium metabolite; teratogenic agent
casuarinin casuarinin: a hydrolyzable tannin from the bark of Terminalia arjuna (Combretaceae)	2.15	1	0	tannin
cyclopamine [no description available]	2.44	2	0	piperidines	glioma-associated oncogene inhibitor
theogallin theogallin: structure in first source. theogallin : A gallate ester resulting from the formal condensation of gallic acid with the (5R)-hydroxy group of (-)-quinic acid (i.e. the hydroxy group on the same side of the cyclohexane ring as the carboxy group).	2.03	1	0	gallate ester; monocarboxylic acid; tertiary alcohol
lignans Lignans: A class of dibenzylbutane derivatives which occurs in higher plants and in fluids (bile, serum, urine, etc.) in man and other animals. These compounds, which have a potential anti-cancer role, can be synthesized in vitro by human fecal flora. (From Singleton & Sainsbury, Dictionary of Microbiology and Molecular Biology, 2d ed)	4.46	21	0
schizandrin c schizandrin C: from Schizandra chinensis Baill & Fructus schisandrae; protects liver from carbon tetrachloride injury;	2.02	1	0	tannin
bispyribac bispyribac: acute human self-poisoning with bispyribac-containing herbicide Nominee has been reported; structure in first source. bispyribac : A member of the class of benzoic acids that is benzoic acid substituted by (4,6-dimethoxypyrimidin-2-yl)oxy groups at positions 2 and 6. Its sodium salt is used as a broad spectrum post emergent herbicide for the control of grasses, sedges and broadleaf weeds in rice crops.	2.08	1	0	aromatic ether; benzoic acids; monocarboxylic acid; pyrimidines	herbicide
acriflavine Acriflavine: 3,6-Diamino-10-methylacridinium chloride mixt. with 3,6-acridinediamine. Fluorescent dye used as a local antiseptic and also as a biological stain. It intercalates into nucleic acids thereby inhibiting bacterial and viral replication.	2	1	0
acetylleucyl-leucyl-norleucinal acetylleucyl-leucyl-norleucinal: a proteasome inhibitor. acetylleucyl-leucyl-norleucinal : A tripeptide composed of N-acetylleucyl, leucyl and norleucinal residues joined in sequence.	2.21	1	0	aldehyde; tripeptide	cysteine protease inhibitor
3-hydroxyaspartic acid, (threo-l)-isomer (3S)-3-hydroxy-L-aspartic acid : The (3S)-diastereomer of 3-hydroxy-L-aspartic acid.	2.17	1	0	3-hydroxy-L-aspartic acid	metabolite
bq 123 cyclo(Trp-Asp-Pro-Val-Leu): derived from the modification of a natural lead of BE-18257B, an endothelin A receptor antagonist; has neuroprotective activity; amino acid sequence given in first source	2.94	4	0	cyclic peptide
devazepide Devazepide: A derivative of benzodiazepine that acts on the cholecystokinin A (CCKA) receptor to antagonize CCK-8's (SINCALIDE) physiological and behavioral effects, such as pancreatic stimulation and inhibition of feeding.. devazepide : An indolecarboxamide obtained by formal condensation of the carboxy group of indole-2-carboxylic acid with the exocyclic amino group of (3S)-3-amino-1-methyl-5-phenyl-1,3-dihydro-1,4-benzodiazepin-2-one. A cholecystokinin antagonist used for treatment of gastrointestinal disorders.	2.69	3	0	1,4-benzodiazepinone; indolecarboxamide	antineoplastic agent; apoptosis inducer; cholecystokinin antagonist; gastrointestinal drug
teprotide Teprotide: A synthetic nonapeptide (Pyr-Trp-Pro-Arg-Pro-Gln-Ile-Pro-Pro) which is identical to the peptide from the venom of the snake, Bothrops jararaca. It inhibits kininase II and ANGIOTENSIN I and has been proposed as an antihypertensive agent.	2.02	1	0	peptide
diprenorphine Diprenorphine: A narcotic antagonist similar in action to NALOXONE. It is used to remobilize animals after ETORPHINE neuroleptanalgesia and is considered a specific antagonist to etorphine.	2.4	2	0	morphinane alkaloid
sodium arsenite sodium arsenite : An inoganic sodium salt with formula with formula NaAsO2.	2.8	3	0	arsenic molecular entity; inorganic sodium salt	antibacterial agent; antifungal agent; antineoplastic agent; carcinogenic agent; herbicide; insecticide; rodenticide
3,5-dihydroxyphenylglycine (S)-3,5-dihydroxyphenylglycine : A glycine derivative that is L-alpha-phenylglycine substituted at positions 3 and 5 on the phenyl ring by hydroxy groups.	4.01	4	0	amino acid zwitterion; non-proteinogenic L-alpha-amino acid; resorcinols
actinonin actinonin: natural hydroxamic acid, pseudopeptide antibiotic isolated from Streptomyces species; structure	1.98	1	0
ro 09-1437 cyclothialidine: a DNA gyrase inhibitor; isolated from Streptomyces filipinensis; MF C26-H35-N5-O12-S; structure in first source	2.03	1	0	peptide
eplerenone Eplerenone: A spironolactone derivative and selective ALDOSTERONE RECEPTOR antagonist that is used in the management of HYPERTENSION and CONGESTIVE HEART FAILURE, post-MYOCARDIAL INFARCTION.	2.08	1	0	3-oxo-Delta(4) steroid; epoxy steroid; gamma-lactone; methyl ester; organic heteropentacyclic compound; oxaspiro compound; steroid acid ester	aldosterone antagonist; antihypertensive agent
temocapril hydrochloride temocapril hydrochloride: structure given in first source	2.01	1	0	dipeptide
tolterodine [no description available]	2.05	1	0	tertiary amine	antispasmodic drug; muscarinic antagonist; muscle relaxant
ergonovine Ergonovine: An ergot alkaloid (ERGOT ALKALOIDS) with uterine and VASCULAR SMOOTH MUSCLE contractile properties.. ergometrine : A monocarboxylic acid amide that is lysergamide in which one of the hydrogens attached to the amide nitrogen is substituted by a 1-hydroxypropan-2-yl group (S-configuration). An ergot alkaloid that has a particularly powerful action on the uterus, its maleate (and formerly tartrate) salt is used in the active management of the third stage of labour, and to prevent or treat postpartum of postabortal haemorrhage caused by uterine atony: by maintaining uterine contraction and tone, blood vessels in the uterine wall are compressed and blood flow reduced.	2	1	0	ergot alkaloid; monocarboxylic acid amide; organic heterotetracyclic compound; primary alcohol; secondary amino compound; tertiary amino compound	diagnostic agent; fungal metabolite; oxytocic; toxin
doxorubicin hydrochloride [no description available]	2.05	1	0	anthracycline
erythromycin ethylsuccinate Erythromycin Ethylsuccinate: A macrolide antibiotic, produced by Streptomyces erythreus. This compound is an ester of erythromycin base and succinic acid. It acts primarily as a bacteriostatic agent. In sensitive organisms, it inhibits protein synthesis by binding to 50S ribosomal subunits. This binding process inhibits peptidyl transferase activity and interferes with translocation of amino acids during translation and assembly of proteins.. erythromycin ethylsuccinate : A erythromycin derivative that is erythromycin A in which the hydroxy group at position 3R is substituted by a (4-ethoxy-4-oxobutanoyl)oxy group. It is used for the treatment of a wide variety of bacterial infections.	2.05	1	0	cyclic ketone; erythromycin derivative; ethyl ester; succinate ester
vinpocetine vinpocetine: whole issue of Arzneim Forsch (23 articles) discuss this drug; Arzneim Forsch 26(10a);1976; RN given refers to parent cpd with unspecified isomeric designation	4.62	8	0	alkaloid	geroprotector
ao 128 AO 128: alpha-glucosidase inhibitor; structure given in first source	2.05	1	0	organic molecular entity
betadex beta-Cyclodextrins: Cyclic GLUCANS consisting of seven (7) glucopyranose units linked by 1,4-glycosidic bonds.	4.65	26	0	cyclodextrin
acarbose [no description available]	2.47	2	0	amino cyclitol; glycoside
maleic acid maleic acid: RN given refers to parent cpd(Z)-isomer which is maleic acid; all RR's given refer to (Z)-isomer; (E)-isomer is fumaric acid. maleic acid : A butenedioic acid in which the double bond has cis- (Z)-configuration.	3.39	7	0	butenedioic acid	algal metabolite; mouse metabolite; plant metabolite
dephosphocoenzyme a 3'-dephospho-CoA : An adenosine 5'-phosphate that is coenzyme A in which the phosphate group at position 3' has been replaced by a hydrogen atom. It is an intermediate metabolite in pantothenate and CoA biosynthesis.	2.17	1	0	adenosine 5'-phosphate	Escherichia coli metabolite; human metabolite; mouse metabolite
acetyl coenzyme a Acetyl Coenzyme A: Acetyl CoA participates in the biosynthesis of fatty acids and sterols, in the oxidation of fatty acids and in the metabolism of many amino acids. It also acts as a biological acetylating agent.	7.34	54	0	acyl-CoA	acyl donor; coenzyme; effector; fundamental metabolite
e-z cinnamic acid cinnamic acid : A monocarboxylic acid that consists of acrylic acid bearing a phenyl substituent at the 3-position. It is found in Cinnamomum cassia.. trans-cinnamic acid : The E (trans) isomer of cinnamic acid	2.74	3	0	cinnamic acid	plant metabolite
ergosterol [no description available]	2.81	3	0	3beta-hydroxy-Delta(5)-steroid; 3beta-sterol; ergostanoid; phytosterols	fungal metabolite; Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite
trichostatin a trichostatin A: chelates zinc ion in the active site of histone deacetylases, resulting in preventing histone unpacking so DNA is less available for transcription; do not confuse with TRICHOSANTHIN which is a protein; found in STREPTOMYCES	2.72	3	0	antibiotic antifungal agent; hydroxamic acid; trichostatin	bacterial metabolite; EC 3.5.1.98 (histone deacetylase) inhibitor; geroprotector
tretinoin Tretinoin: An important regulator of GENE EXPRESSION during growth and development, and in NEOPLASMS. Tretinoin, also known as retinoic acid and derived from maternal VITAMIN A, is essential for normal GROWTH; and EMBRYONIC DEVELOPMENT. An excess of tretinoin can be teratogenic. It is used in the treatment of PSORIASIS; ACNE VULGARIS; and several other SKIN DISEASES. It has also been approved for use in promyelocytic leukemia (LEUKEMIA, PROMYELOCYTIC, ACUTE).. retinoic acid : A retinoid consisting of 3,7-dimethylnona-2,4,6,8-tetraenoic acid substituted at position 9 by a 2,6,6-trimethylcyclohex-1-en-1-yl group (geometry of the four exocyclic double bonds is not specified).. all-trans-retinoic acid : A retinoic acid in which all four exocyclic double bonds have E- (trans-) geometry.	4.82	31	0	retinoic acid; vitamin A	anti-inflammatory agent; antineoplastic agent; antioxidant; AP-1 antagonist; human metabolite; keratolytic drug; retinoic acid receptor agonist; retinoid X receptor agonist; signalling molecule
aurovertin b [no description available]	1.99	1	0
equilenin Equilenin: An estrogenic steroid produced by HORSES. It has a total of five double bonds in the A- and B-ring. High concentration of equilenin is found in the URINE of pregnant mares.. equilenin : A 3-hydroxy steroid that is estrone which carries two double bonds at positions 6 and 8. It is found in the urine of pregnant mare's and extensively used for estrogen replacement therapy in postmenopausal women.	2.7	3	0	17-oxo steroid; 3-hydroxy steroid	antioxidant; mammalian metabolite
arachidonic acid icosa-5,8,11,14-tetraenoic acid : Any icosatetraenoic acid with the double bonds at positions 5, 8, 11 and 14.. arachidonate : A long-chain fatty acid anion resulting from the removal of a proton from the carboxy group of arachidonic acid.	10.2	126	0	icosa-5,8,11,14-tetraenoic acid; long-chain fatty acid; omega-6 fatty acid	Daphnia galeata metabolite; EC 3.1.1.1 (carboxylesterase) inhibitor; human metabolite; mouse metabolite
alpha-cyclodextrin alpha-cyclodextrin : A cycloamylose composed of six alpha-(1->4) linked D-glucopyranose units.	1.99	1	0	cyclodextrin
fumaric acid fumaric acid: see also record for ferrous fumarate; use FUMARATES for general fumaric acid esters. fumaric acid : A butenedioic acid in which the C=C double bond has E geometry. It is an intermediate metabolite in the citric acid cycle.	9.07	15	0	butenedioic acid	food acidity regulator; fundamental metabolite; geroprotector
farnesol Farnesol: A colorless liquid extracted from oils of plants such as citronella, neroli, cyclamen, and tuberose. It is an intermediate step in the biological synthesis of cholesterol from mevalonic acid in vertebrates. It has a delicate odor and is used in perfumery. (From McGraw-Hill Dictionary of Scientific and Technical Terms, 5th ed). (2-trans,6-trans)-farnesol : The (2-trans,6-trans)-stereoisomer of farnesol.. farnesol : A farnesane sesquiterpenoid that is dodeca-2,6,10-triene substituted by methyl groups at positions 3, 7 and 11 and a hydroxy group at position 1.	2.42	2	0	farnesol	plant metabolite
4-nitrophenylphosphorylcholine p-nitrophenylphosphocholine : A phosphocholine that is the 4-nitrophenyl ester of choline phosphate.	2	1	0	phosphocholines	epitope; hapten
phosphoramidon phosphoramidon: a membrane metallo-endopeptidase & endothelin-converting enzyme inhibitor; thermolysin inhibitor from culture filtrate of Streptomyces tanashiensis; structure. phosphoramidon : A dipeptide isolated from the cultures of Streptomyces tanashiensis.	1.99	1	0	deoxyaldohexose phosphate; dipeptide	bacterial metabolite; EC 3.4.24.11 (neprilysin) inhibitor; EC 3.4.24.71 (endothelin-converting enzyme 1) inhibitor
3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-coenzyme a 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-coenzyme A: RN given refers to cpd without isomeric designation. 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-CoA : An alpha,omega dicarboxyacyl-CoA that results from the formal condensation of the thiol group of coenzyme A with one of the carboxy groups of 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaric acid.. (3S)-3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-CoA : A 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-CoA where the 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl component has (S)-configuration.	2.44	2	0	3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-CoA; 3-hydroxy fatty acyl-CoA	human metabolite; mouse metabolite
resveratrol trans-resveratrol : A resveratrol in which the double bond has E configuration.	7.34	31	1	resveratrol	antioxidant; phytoalexin; plant metabolite; quorum sensing inhibitor; radical scavenger
retinol Vitamin A: Retinol and derivatives of retinol that play an essential role in metabolic functioning of the retina, the growth of and differentiation of epithelial tissue, the growth of bone, reproduction, and the immune response. Dietary vitamin A is derived from a variety of CAROTENOIDS found in plants. It is enriched in the liver, egg yolks, and the fat component of dairy products.. vitamin A : Any member of a group of fat-soluble retinoids produced via metabolism of provitamin A carotenoids that exhibit biological activity against vitamin A deficiency. Vitamin A is involved in immune function, vision, reproduction, and cellular communication.. all-trans-retinol : A retinol in which all four exocyclic double bonds have E- (trans-) geometry.. retinol : A retinoid consisting of 3,7-dimethylnona-2,4,6,8-tetraen-1-ol substituted at position 9 by a 2,6,6-trimethylcyclohex-1-en-1-yl group (geometry of the four exocyclic double bonds is not specified).	4.88	8	1	retinol; vitamin A	human metabolite; mouse metabolite; plant metabolite
latrunculin a latrunculin A: 16-membered macrolide attached to 2-thiazolidinone moiety; from Red Sea sponge Latrunculia magnifica; see also latrunculin B; structure given in first source. latrunculin A : A bicyclic macrolide natural product consisting of a 16-membered bicyclic lactone attached to the rare 2-thiazolidinone moiety. It is obtained from the Red Sea sponge Latrunculia magnifica and from the Fiji Islands sponge Cacospongia mycofijiensis. Latrunculin A inhibits actin polymerisation, microfilament organsation and microfilament-mediated processes.	3.81	11	0	cyclic hemiketal; macrolide; oxabicycloalkane; thiazolidinone	actin polymerisation inhibitor; metabolite; toxin
cyanoginosin lr cyanoginosin LR: cyclic heptapeptide from cyanobacterium Microcystis aeruginosa. microcystin-LR : A microcystin consisting of D-alanyl, L-leucyl, (3S)-3-methyl-D-beta-aspartyl,L-arginyl, 2S,3S,4E,6E,8S,9S)-3-amino-4,5,6,7-tetradehydro-9-methoxy-2,6,8-trimethyl-10-phenyldecanoyl, D-gamma-glutamyl, and 2,3-didehydro-N-methylalanyl residues joined into a 25-membered macrocycle. Produced by the cyanobacterium Microcystis aeruginosa, it is the most studied of the microcystins.	2.15	1	0	microcystin	bacterial metabolite; EC 3.1.3.16 (phosphoprotein phosphatase) inhibitor; environmental contaminant; xenobiotic
alpha-D-fructofuranose 1,6-bisphosphate alpha-D-fructofuranose 1,6-bisphosphate : A D-fructofuranose 1,6-bisphosphate with an alpha-configuration at the anomeric position.	2.05	1	0	D-fructofuranose 1,6-bisphosphate
docosahexaenoate efalex: a mixture of fish oil and primrose oil; used as a high-docosahexaenoic acid fatty acid supplement. docosahexaenoic acid : Any C22 polyunsaturated fatty acid containing six double bonds.. docosahexaenoate : A polyunsaturated fatty acid anion that is the conjugate base of docosahexaenoic acid, obtained by deprotonation of the carboxy group; major species at pH 7.3.. all-cis-docosa-4,7,10,13,16,19-hexaenoic acid : A docosahexaenoic acid having six cis-double bonds at positions 4, 7, 10, 13, 16 and 19.	2.05	1	0	docosahexaenoic acid; omega-3 fatty acid	algal metabolite; antineoplastic agent; Daphnia tenebrosa metabolite; human metabolite; mouse metabolite; nutraceutical
oleic acid Oleic Acid: An unsaturated fatty acid that is the most widely distributed and abundant fatty acid in nature. It is used commercially in the preparation of oleates and lotions, and as a pharmaceutical solvent. (Stedman, 26th ed). oleic acid : An octadec-9-enoic acid in which the double bond at C-9 has Z (cis) stereochemistry.	4.22	17	0	octadec-9-enoic acid	antioxidant; Daphnia galeata metabolite; EC 3.1.1.1 (carboxylesterase) inhibitor; Escherichia coli metabolite; mouse metabolite; plant metabolite; solvent
tacrolimus Tacrolimus: A macrolide isolated from the culture broth of a strain of Streptomyces tsukubaensis that has strong immunosuppressive activity in vivo and prevents the activation of T-lymphocytes in response to antigenic or mitogenic stimulation in vitro.. tacrolimus (anhydrous) : A macrolide lactam containing a 23-membered lactone ring, originally isolated from the fermentation broth of a Japanese soil sample that contained the bacteria Streptomyces tsukubaensis.	5.88	31	0	macrolide lactam	bacterial metabolite; immunosuppressive agent
ferric hydroxide ferric hydroxide: additional RNs for iron hydroxide oxide: 11115-92-7, 20344-49-4; RN for unspecified iron hydroxide: 11113-66-9	2.02	1	0
ferulic acid ferulate : A monocarboxylic acid anion obtained by the deprotonation of the carboxy group of ferulic acid.	4.86	12	0	ferulic acids	anti-inflammatory agent; antioxidant; apoptosis inhibitor; cardioprotective agent; MALDI matrix material; plant metabolite
pectins Pectins: High molecular weight polysaccharides present in the cell walls of all plants. Pectins cement cell walls together. They are used as emulsifiers and stabilizers in the food industry. They have been tried for a variety of therapeutic uses including as antidiarrheals, where they are now generally considered ineffective, and in the treatment of hypercholesterolemia.. alpha-D-galacturonic acid : The alpha-anomer of D-galacturonic acid.	2.43	2	0	D-galactopyranuronic acid
2',4'-dinitrophenyl-2-deoxy-2-fluorocellobioside 2',4'-dinitrophenyl-2-deoxy-2-fluorocellobioside: inactivator of beta-1,4-glucanases	1.98	1	0
geranyl pyrophosphate geranyl pyrophosphate: RN given refers to (E)-isomer. geranyl diphosphate : The diphosphate of the polyprenol compound geraniol.	2.07	1	0	polyprenyl diphosphate	Escherichia coli metabolite; mouse metabolite
1,5-dihydro-fad 1,5-dihydro-FAD: chromophore component of E coli DNA photolyase	2.05	1	0	flavin adenine dinucleotide	Escherichia coli metabolite; mouse metabolite
cerivastatin cerivastatin: cerivastatin is the ((E)-(+))-isomer; structure given in first source. cerivastatin : (3R,5S)-3,5-dihydroxyhept-6-enoic acid in which the (7E)-hydrogen is substituted by a 4-(4-fluorophenyl)-2,6-diisopropyl-5-(methoxymethyl)pyridin-3-yl group. Formerly used (as its sodium salt) to lower cholesterol and prevent cardiovascular disease, it was withdrawn from the market worldwide in 2001 following reports of a severe form of muscle toxicity.	2.05	1	0	dihydroxy monocarboxylic acid; pyridines; statin (synthetic)
rosuvastatin rosuvastatin : A dihydroxy monocarboxylic acid that is (6E)-7-{4-(4-fluorophenyl)-2-[methyl(methylsulfonyl)amino]-6-(propan-2-yl)pyrimidin-5-yl} hept-6-enoic acid carrying two hydroxy substituents at positions 3 and 5 (the 3R,5S-diastereomer).	2.05	1	0	dihydroxy monocarboxylic acid; monofluorobenzenes; pyrimidines; statin (synthetic); sulfonamide	anti-inflammatory agent; antilipemic drug; cardioprotective agent; CETP inhibitor; environmental contaminant; xenobiotic
cocaine Cocaine: An alkaloid ester extracted from the leaves of plants including coca. It is a local anesthetic and vasoconstrictor and is clinically used for that purpose, particularly in the eye, ear, nose, and throat. It also has powerful central nervous system effects similar to the amphetamines and is a drug of abuse. Cocaine, like amphetamines, acts by multiple mechanisms on brain catecholaminergic neurons; the mechanism of its reinforcing effects is thought to involve inhibition of dopamine uptake.. cocaine : A tropane alkaloid obtained from leaves of the South American shrub Erythroxylon coca.	14.72	299	1	benzoate ester; methyl ester; tertiary amino compound; tropane alkaloid	adrenergic uptake inhibitor; central nervous system stimulant; dopamine uptake inhibitor; environmental contaminant; local anaesthetic; mouse metabolite; plant metabolite; serotonin uptake inhibitor; sodium channel blocker; sympathomimetic agent; vasoconstrictor agent; xenobiotic
eicosapentaenoic acid icosapentaenoic acid : Any straight-chain, C20 polyunsaturated fatty acid having five C=C double bonds.. all-cis-5,8,11,14,17-icosapentaenoic acid : An icosapentaenoic acid having five cis-double bonds at positions 5, 8, 11, 14 and 17.	4.34	4	1	icosapentaenoic acid; omega-3 fatty acid	anticholesteremic drug; antidepressant; antineoplastic agent; Daphnia galeata metabolite; fungal metabolite; micronutrient; mouse metabolite; nutraceutical
alpha-methyl-4-carboxyphenylglycine alpha-methyl-4-carboxyphenylglycine: glutamate receptor antagonist. (S)-alpha-methyl-4-carboxyphenylglycine : A non-proteinogenic alpha-amino acid that is alanine in which the alpha-hydrogen is replaced by a 4-carboxyphenyl group (the S-enantiomer). It is a non-selective group I/group II metabotropic glutamate receptor (mGluR) antagonist.	5.16	46	0	non-proteinogenic alpha-amino acid	metabotropic glutamate receptor antagonist
thapsigargin Thapsigargin: A sesquiterpene lactone found in roots of THAPSIA. It inhibits SARCOPLASMIC RETICULUM CALCIUM-TRANSPORTING ATPASES.. thapsigargin : An organic heterotricyclic compound that is a hexa-oxygenated 6,7-guaianolide isolated fron the roots of Thapsia garganica L., Apiaceae. A potent skin irritant, it is used in traditional medicine as a counter-irritant. Thapsigargin inhibits Ca(2+)-transporting ATPase mediated uptake of calcium ions into sarcoplasmic reticulum and is used in experimentation examining the impacts of increasing cytosolic calcium concentrations.	7.19	46	0	butyrate ester; organic heterotricyclic compound; sesquiterpene lactone	calcium channel blocker; EC 3.6.3.8 (Ca(2+)-transporting ATPase) inhibitor
mycophenolic acid Mycophenolic Acid: Compound derived from Penicillium stoloniferum and related species. It blocks de novo biosynthesis of purine nucleotides by inhibition of the enzyme inosine monophosphate dehydrogenase (IMP DEHYDROGENASE). Mycophenolic acid exerts selective effects on the immune system in which it prevents the proliferation of T-CELLS, LYMPHOCYTES, and the formation of antibodies from B-CELLS. It may also inhibit recruitment of LEUKOCYTES to sites of INFLAMMATION.. mycophenolate : A monocarboxylic acid anion resulting from the removal of a proton from the carboxy group of mycophenolic acid.. mycophenolic acid : A member of the class of 2-benzofurans that is 2-benzofuran-1(3H)-one which is substituted at positions 4, 5, 6, and 7 by methyl, methoxy, (2E)-5-carboxy-3-methylpent-2-en-1-yl, and hydroxy groups, respectively. It is an antibiotic produced by Penicillium brevi-compactum, P. stoloniferum, P. echinulatum and related species. An immunosuppressant, it is widely used (partiularly as its sodium salt and as the 2-(morpholin-4-yl)ethyl ester prodrug, mycophenolate mofetil) to prevent tissue rejection following organ transplants and for the treatment of certain autoimmune diseases.	2.05	1	0	2-benzofurans; gamma-lactone; monocarboxylic acid; phenols	anticoronaviral agent; antimicrobial agent; antineoplastic agent; EC 1.1.1.205 (IMP dehydrogenase) inhibitor; environmental contaminant; immunosuppressive agent; mycotoxin; Penicillium metabolite; xenobiotic
tetragastrin Tetragastrin: L-Tryptophyl-L-methionyl-L-aspartyl-L-phenylalaninamide. The C-terminal tetrapeptide of gastrin. It is the smallest peptide fragment of gastrin which has the same physiological and pharmacological activity as gastrin.. tetragastrin : A tetrapeptide composed of L-tryptophan, L-methione, L-aspartic acid and L-phenylalaninamide residues joined in sequence.	4.64	6	1	peptidyl amide; tetrapeptide	anxiogenic; human metabolite
glutaryl-7-aminocephalosporanic acid glutaryl-7-aminocephalosporanic acid: structure given in first source; product of the enzymatic oxidation of cephalosporin C using D-amino-acid oxidase	2.02	1	0	cephalosporin
clindamycin Clindamycin: An antibacterial agent that is a semisynthetic analog of LINCOMYCIN.. clindamycin : A carbohydrate-containing antibiotic that is the semisynthetic derivative of lincomycin, a natural antibiotic.	2.44	2	0
keratan sulfate Keratan Sulfate: A sulfated mucopolysaccharide initially isolated from bovine cornea. At least two types are known. Type I, found mostly in the cornea, contains D-galactose and D-glucosamine-6-O-sulfate as the repeating unit; type II, found in skeletal tissues, contains D-galactose and D-galactosamine-6-O-sulfate as the repeating unit.. keratan sulfate : A sulfated glycosaminoglycan, a linear polymer that consists of the repeating disaccharide [3)-beta-Gal-(1->4)-beta-GlcNAc-(1->] and containing sulfo groups located at random positions.. keratan 6'-sulfate : A keratan sulfate with random sulfation at the 6'-position.	2.03	1	0
5,11-diethyl-5,6,11,12-tetrahydrochrysene-2,8-diol 5,11-diethyl-5,6,11,12-tetrahydrochrysene-2,8-diol: estrogen receptor ligand; structure in first source. (R,R)-5,11-diethyl-5,6,11,12-tetrahydro-2,8-chrysenediol : A carbotetracyclic compound that is 5,6,11,12-tetrahydrochrysene substituted by hydroxy groups at positions 2 and 8 and by ethyl groups at positions 5 and 11 (the 5R,11R-stereoisomer). It is an agonist of ER-alpha and antagonist of ER-beta receptors.	2.05	1	0	carbotetracyclic compound; polyphenol	estrogen receptor agonist; estrogen receptor antagonist; geroprotector; neuroprotective agent
fosfomycin Fosfomycin: An antibiotic produced by Streptomyces fradiae.. fosfomycin : A phosphonic acid having an (R,S)-1,2-epoxypropyl group attached to phosphorus.	2.53	2	0	epoxide; phosphonic acids	antimicrobial agent; EC 2.5.1.7 (UDP-N-acetylglucosamine 1-carboxyvinyltransferase) inhibitor
zithromax Azithromycin: A semi-synthetic macrolide antibiotic structurally related to ERYTHROMYCIN. It has been used in the treatment of Mycobacterium avium intracellulare infections, toxoplasmosis, and cryptosporidiosis.. azithromycin : A macrolide antibiotic useful for the treatment of bacterial infections.	2.05	1	0	macrolide antibiotic	antibacterial drug; environmental contaminant; xenobiotic
s-hydroxymethylglutathione S-(hydroxymethyl)glutathione : An S-substituted glutathione that is glutathione in which the mercapto hydrogen has been replaced by a hydroxymethyl group.	2.03	1	0	S-substituted glutathione	Escherichia coli metabolite; mouse metabolite
adenylosuccinate aspartyl adenylate: RN given refers to (L)-isomer	2.42	2	0
formycin [no description available]	1.98	1	0	formycin	antineoplastic agent
(S)-ATPA (S)-ATPA : A non-proteinogenic L-alpha-amino acid that is L-alanine in which one of the methyl hydrogens is replaced by a 5-tert-butyl-3-hydroxy-isooxazol-4-yl group.	2.05	1	0	isoxazoles; non-proteinogenic L-alpha-amino acid	metabolite
drf 2725 ragaglitazar: a phenoxazine analogue of phenyl propanoic acid; Ragaglitazar is a coligand of PPARalpha and PPARgamma	2.05	1	0
stigmatellin stigmatellin: isolated from myxobacterium Stigmatella aurantiaca; structure in first source. stigmatellin A : A member of the class of chromones that is isolated from Stigmatella aurantiaca Sg a15.	2.08	1	0	aromatic ether; chromones; olefinic compound; phenols	bacterial metabolite; quinol oxidation site inhibitor
t0901317 T0901317: an LXRalpha and LXRbeta agonist	2.08	1	0
epothilone b [no description available]	2.03	1	0	epothilone; epoxide	antineoplastic agent; apoptosis inducer; microtubule-stabilising agent
n-(4-methoxybenzyl)-n'-(5-nitro-1,3-thiazol-2-yl)urea N-(4-methoxybenzyl)-N'-(5-nitro-1,3-thiazol-2-yl)urea: structure in first source	2.48	2	0
y 27632 Y 27632: RN given for di-HCl salt; inhibits Rho-associated protein kinase; inhibits calcium sensitization to affect smooth muscle relaxation; structure in first source. Y-27632 : A monocarboxylic acid amide that is trans-[(1R)-1-aminoethyl]cyclohexanecarboxamide in which one of the nitrogens of the aminocarbony group is substituted by a pyridine nucleus. It has been shown to exhibit inhibitory activity against Rho-associated protein kinase (ROCK) enzyme.	2.45	2	0	aromatic amide
adenosine-5'-(n-ethylcarboxamide) Adenosine-5'-(N-ethylcarboxamide): A stable adenosine A1 and A2 receptor agonist. Experimentally, it inhibits cAMP and cGMP phosphodiesterase activity.. N-ethyl-5'-carboxamidoadenosine : A derivative of adenosine in which the 5'-hydroxymethyl group is replaced by an N-ethylcarboxamido group.	2.92	4	0	adenosines; monocarboxylic acid amide	adenosine A1 receptor agonist; adenosine A2A receptor agonist; antineoplastic agent; EC 3.1.4.* (phosphoric diester hydrolase) inhibitor; vasodilator agent
mln 4760 2-(1-carboxy-2-(3-(3,5-dichlorobenzyl)-3H-imidazol-4-yl)ethylamino)-4-methylpentanoic acid: MLN-4760 is the (S,S)-isomer; an ACE2 inhibitor; structure in first source. MLN-4760 : A L-histidine derivative that is L-histidine in which a hydrogen of the primary amino group is substituted by a (1S)-1-carboxy-3-methylbutyl group and the ring NH group is substituted by a 3,5-dichlorobenzyl group. It is a potent and selective human angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) inhibitor (IC50 = 0.44 nM) which was in clinical development for the treatment of ulcerative colitis.	2.41	1	0	dichlorobenzene; L-histidine derivative; L-leucine derivative	anti-inflammatory agent; EC 3.4.17.23 (angiotensin-converting enzyme 2) inhibitor
prostaglandin d2 Prostaglandin D2: The principal cyclooxygenase metabolite of arachidonic acid. It is released upon activation of mast cells and is also synthesized by alveolar macrophages. Among its many biological actions, the most important are its bronchoconstrictor, platelet-activating-factor-inhibitory, and cytotoxic effects.. prostaglandin D2 : A member of the class of prostaglandins D that is prosta-5,13-dien-1-oic acid substituted by hydroxy groups at positions 9 and 15 and an oxo group at position 11 (the 5Z,9alpha,13E,15S- stereoisomer).	3.88	12	0	prostaglandins D	human metabolite; mouse metabolite
diethylstilbestrol Diethylstilbestrol: A synthetic nonsteroidal estrogen used in the treatment of menopausal and postmenopausal disorders. It was also used formerly as a growth promoter in animals. According to the Fourth Annual Report on Carcinogens (NTP 85-002, 1985), diethylstilbestrol has been listed as a known carcinogen. (Merck, 11th ed). diethylstilbestrol : An olefinic compound that is trans-hex-3-ene in which the hydrogens at positions 3 and 4 have been replaced by p-hydroxyphenyl groups.	3.38	7	0	olefinic compound; polyphenol	antifungal agent; antineoplastic agent; autophagy inducer; calcium channel blocker; carcinogenic agent; EC 1.1.1.146 (11beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase) inhibitor; EC 3.6.3.10 (H(+)/K(+)-exchanging ATPase) inhibitor; endocrine disruptor; xenoestrogen
n-acetylmethionine N-acetylmethionine: RN given refers to L-isomer. N-acetylmethionine : A methionine derivative that is methionine in which one of the amine hydrogens is substituted by an acetyl group.	2.6	1	0	L-methionine derivative; N-acetyl-L-amino acid; N-acetylmethionine	nutraceutical
epothilone a Epothilones: A group of 16-member MACROLIDES which stabilize MICROTUBULES in a manner similar to PACLITAXEL. They were originally found in the myxobacterium Sorangium cellulosum, now renamed to Polyangium (MYXOCOCCALES).	2.44	2	0	epothilone; epoxide	antineoplastic agent; metabolite; microtubule-stabilising agent; tubulin modulator
zeatin Zeatin: An aminopurine factor in plant extracts that induces cell division. (Grant & Hackh's Chemical Dict, 5th ed)	2.6	1	0	zeatin	plant metabolite
alitretinoin Alitretinoin: A retinoid that is used for the treatment of chronic hand ECZEMA unresponsive to topical CORTICOSTEROIDS. It is also used to treat cutaneous lesions associated with AIDS-related KAPOSI SARCOMA.	2.95	4	0	retinoic acid	antineoplastic agent; keratolytic drug; metabolite; retinoid X receptor agonist
gamma-glutamyl hydroxamate glutamine hydroxamate : A hydroxamic acid that is L-glutamine hydroxylated at N-5.	1.96	1	0	amino acid zwitterion; glutamic acid derivative; hydroxamic acid
h 89 N-(2-(4-bromocinnamylamino)ethyl)-5-isoquinolinesulfonamide: structure given in first source. N-[2-(4-bromocinnamylamino)ethyl]isoquinoline-5-sulfonamide : A member of the class of isoquinolines that is the sulfonamide obtained by formal condensation of the sulfo group of isoquinoline-5-sulfonic acid with the primary amino group of N(1)-[3-(4-bromophenyl)prop-2-en-1-yl]ethane-1,2-diamine. It is a protein kinase A inhibitor.. (E)-N-[2-(4-bromocinnamylamino)ethyl]isoquinoline-5-sulfonamide : A N-[2-(4-bromocinnamylamino)ethyl]isoquinoline-5-sulfonamide in which the double bond adopts a trans-configuration.	4.55	24	0	N-[2-(4-bromocinnamylamino)ethyl]isoquinoline-5-sulfonamide
isoleucylvaline isoleucylvaline: RN given refers to all (L)-isomer. Ile-Val : A dipeptide formed from L-isoleucine and L-valine residues.	1.97	1	0	dipeptide	metabolite
afimoxifene afimoxifene : A tertiary amino compound that is tamoxifen in which the phenyl group which is in a Z- relationship to the ethyl substituent is hydroxylated at the para- position. It is the active metabolite of tamoxifen.	2.41	2	0	phenols; tertiary amino compound	antineoplastic agent; estrogen receptor antagonist; metabolite
imidazolidines [no description available]	3.6	3	0	azacycloalkane; imidazolidines; saturated organic heteromonocyclic parent
decitabine [no description available]	2.53	2	0	2'-deoxyribonucleoside
5-bromo-2',3'-dideoxyuridine 5-bromo-2',3'-dideoxyuridine: structure given in first source	2.02	1	0
1,4-dideoxy-1,4-imino-d-arabinitol [no description available]	2.08	1	0
phorbol-12,13-didecanoate phorbol-12,13-didecanoate: RN given refers to (1aR-(1a alpha,1b beta,4a beta,7a alpha,7b alpha,8 alpha,9 beta,9a alpha))-isomer	2.68	3	0
teniposide [no description available]	2.05	1	0	aromatic ether; beta-D-glucoside; cyclic acetal; furonaphthodioxole; gamma-lactone; monosaccharide derivative; phenols; thiophenes	antineoplastic agent; EC 5.99.1.3 [DNA topoisomerase (ATP-hydrolysing)] inhibitor
iridoids Iridoids: A type of MONOTERPENES, derived from geraniol. They have the general form of cyclopentanopyran, but in some cases, one of the rings is broken as in the case of secoiridoid. They are different from the similarly named iridals (TRITERPENES).	3.79	10	0
lamivudine triphosphate [no description available]	2.03	1	0
kt 5720 KT 5720: indolocarbazole; synthetic derivative of K 252a. KT 5720 : An organic heterooctacyclic compound that is 1H,1'H-2,2'-biindole in which the nitrogens have undergone formal oxidative coupling to positions 2 and 5 of hexyl (3S)-3-hydroxy-2-methyltetrahydrofuran-3-carboxylate (the 2R,3S,5S product), and in which the 3 and 3' positions of the biindole moiety have also undergone formal oxidative coupling to positions 3 and 4 of 1,5-dihydro-2H-pyrrol-2-one.	2.93	4	0	carboxylic ester; gamma-lactam; hemiaminal; indolocarbazole; organic heterooctacyclic compound; semisynthetic derivative; tertiary alcohol	EC 2.7.11.11 (cAMP-dependent protein kinase) inhibitor
cefamandole Cefamandole: Semisynthetic wide-spectrum cephalosporin with prolonged action, probably due to beta-lactamase resistance. It is used also as the nafate.. cefamandole : A cephalosporin compound having (R)-mandelamido and N-methylthiotetrazole side-groups.	1.96	1	0	cephalosporin; semisynthetic derivative	antibacterial drug
dactinomycin Dactinomycin: A compound composed of a two CYCLIC PEPTIDES attached to a phenoxazine that is derived from STREPTOMYCES parvullus. It binds to DNA and inhibits RNA synthesis (transcription), with chain elongation more sensitive than initiation, termination, or release. As a result of impaired mRNA production, protein synthesis also declines after dactinomycin therapy. (From AMA Drug Evaluations Annual, 1993, p2015)	4.63	27	0	actinomycin	mutagen
gamma-sitosterol clionasterol : A member of the class of phytosterols that is poriferast-5-ene carrying a beta-hydroxy substituent at position 3.	2.07	1	0	3beta-hydroxy-Delta(5)-steroid; 3beta-sterol; phytosterols	marine metabolite; plant metabolite
tiazofurin tiazofurin: RN given refers to (beta-D)-isomer; structure given in first source. tiazofurine : A C-glycosyl compound that is 1,3-thiazole-4-carboxamide in which the hydrogen at position 2 has been replaced by a beta-D-ribofuranosyl group. It is metabolised to thiazole-4-carboxamide adenine dinucleotide (TAD), a selective inhibitor of inosine monophosphate dehydrogenase (IMP dehydrogenase).	2.05	1	0	1,3-thiazoles; C-glycosyl compound; monocarboxylic acid amide	antineoplastic agent; EC 1.1.1.205 (IMP dehydrogenase) inhibitor; prodrug
5-carboxy-8-hydroxyquinoline 5-carboxy-8-hydroxyquinoline: a JmjC histone demethylase inhibitor; structure in first source	2.53	2	0	quinolines
azaserine Azaserine: Antibiotic substance produced by various Streptomyces species. It is an inhibitor of enzymatic activities that involve glutamine and is used as an antineoplastic and immunosuppressive agent.. azaserine : A carboxylic ester resulting from the formal condensation of the carboxy group of diazoacetic acid with the alcoholic hydroxy group of L-serine. An antibiotic produced by a Streptomyces species.	3.5	8	0	carboxylic ester; diazo compound; L-serine derivative; non-proteinogenic L-alpha-amino acid	antifungal agent; antimetabolite; antimicrobial agent; antineoplastic agent; glutamine antagonist; immunosuppressive agent; metabolite
melphalan Melphalan: An alkylating nitrogen mustard that is used as an antineoplastic in the form of the levo isomer - MELPHALAN, the racemic mixture - MERPHALAN, and the dextro isomer - MEDPHALAN; toxic to bone marrow, but little vesicant action; potential carcinogen.. melphalan : A phenylalanine derivative comprising L-phenylalanine having [bis(2-chloroethyl)amino group at the 4-position on the phenyl ring.	2.71	3	0	L-phenylalanine derivative; nitrogen mustard; non-proteinogenic L-alpha-amino acid; organochlorine compound	alkylating agent; antineoplastic agent; carcinogenic agent; drug allergen; immunosuppressive agent
enkephalin, leucine Enkephalin, Leucine: One of the endogenous pentapeptides with morphine-like activity. It differs from MET-ENKEPHALIN in the LEUCINE at position 5. Its first four amino acid sequence is identical to the tetrapeptide sequence at the N-terminal of BETA-ENDORPHIN.. Leu-enkephalin : A pentapeptide comprising L-tyrosine, glycine, glycine, L-phenylalanine and L-leucine residues joined in sequence by peptide linkages. It is an endogenous opioid peptide produced in vertebrate species, including rodents, primates and humans that results from decomposition of proenkephalin or dynorphin and exhibits antinociceptive properties.	8.31	84	0	pentapeptide; peptide zwitterion	analgesic; delta-opioid receptor agonist; human metabolite; mu-opioid receptor agonist; neurotransmitter; rat metabolite
benzyloxycarbonylleucyl-leucyl-leucine aldehyde benzyloxycarbonylleucyl-leucyl-leucine aldehyde: proteasome inhibitor. N-benzyloxycarbonyl-L-leucyl-L-leucyl-L-leucinal : A tripeptide that is L-leucyl-L-leucyl-L-leucine in which the C-terminal carboxy group has been reduced to the corresponding aldehyde and the N-terminal amino group is protected as its benzyloxycarbonyl derivative.	2.72	3	0	amino aldehyde; carbamate ester; tripeptide	proteasome inhibitor
tenofovir tenofovir (anhydrous) : A member of the class of phosphonic acids that is methylphosphonic acid in which one of the methyl hydrogens is replaced by a [(2R)-1-(6-amino-9H-purin-9-yl)propan-2-yl]oxy group. An inhibitor of HIV-1 reverse transcriptase, the bis(isopropyloxycarbonyloxymethyl) ester (disoproxil ester) prodrug is used as the fumaric acid salt in combination therapy for the treatment of HIV infection.	2.74	3	0	nucleoside analogue; phosphonic acids	antiviral drug; drug metabolite; HIV-1 reverse transcriptase inhibitor
schizandrin schizandrin: a dibenzocyclooctadiene lignan; schizandra is the plant name	2.73	3	0
euscaphic acid euscaphic acid: isolated from medicinal plant, Euscaphis japonica Pax.; structure; RN given refers to 2alpha,3alpha-isomer. euscaphic acid : A pentacyclic triterpenoid that is urs-12-en-28-oic acid substituted by hydroxy groups at positions 2, 3 and 19 respectively (the 2alpha,3alpha-stereoisomer). It has been isolated from the leaves of Rosa laevigata.	2.03	1	0	hydroxy monocarboxylic acid; pentacyclic triterpenoid; triol	plant metabolite
aspartyl-aspartic acid aspartyl-aspartic acid: do not confuse with cyclo(Asp-Asp). Asp-Asp : A dipeptide formed from two L-aspartic acid units.	2.01	1	0	dipeptide	Mycoplasma genitalium metabolite
5-ethynyl-2'-deoxyuridine 5-ethynyl-2'-deoxyuridine: structure in first source	2.31	1	0
rubitecan rubitecan: RN refers to (+-)-isomer; anti-HIV agent; DNA Topoisomerases, Type I inhibitor. rubitecan : A pyranoindolizinoquinoline that is camptothecin in which the hydrogen at position 9 has been replaced by a nitro group. It is a prodrug for 9-aminocamptothecin.	2.05	1	0	C-nitro compound; delta-lactone; pyranoindolizinoquinoline; semisynthetic derivative; tertiary alcohol	antineoplastic agent; EC 5.99.1.2 (DNA topoisomerase) inhibitor; prodrug
micafungin Micafungin: A cyclic lipo-hexapeptide echinocandin antifungal agent that is used for the treatment and prevention of CANDIDIASIS.. micafungin : A cyclic hexapeptide echinocandin antibiotic which exerts its effect by inhibiting the synthesis of 1,3-beta-D-glucan, an integral component of the fungal cell wall. It is used as the sodium salt for the treatment of invasive candidiasis, and of aspergillosis in patients who are intolerant of other therapy.	2.05	1	0	antibiotic antifungal drug; echinocandin	antiinfective agent
dehydroglyasperin c dehydroglyasperin C: isolated from licorice, caused Nrf2-mediated induction of detoxifying enzymes; structure in first source	2.07	1	0
riboflavin vitamin B2 : Any member of a group of vitamers that belong to the chemical structural class called flavins that exhibit biological activity against vitamin B2 deficiency. Symptoms associated with vitamin B2 deficiency include glossitis, seborrhea, angular stomaitis, cheilosis and photophobia. The vitamers include riboflavin and its phosphate derivatives (and includes their salt, ionised and hydrate forms).	5.04	13	0	flavin; vitamin B2	anti-inflammatory agent; antioxidant; cofactor; Escherichia coli metabolite; food colouring; fundamental metabolite; human urinary metabolite; mouse metabolite; photosensitizing agent; plant metabolite
3-((4-azidophenyl)dithio)propionic n-hydroxysuccinimide 3-((4-azidophenyl)dithio)propionic N-hydroxysuccinimide: cleavable photoactivable heterobifunctional reagent	1.99	1	0
likviriton liquiritin: isoalted from Glycyrrhizae radix. liquiritin : A flavanone glycoside that is liquiritigenin attached to a beta-D-glucopyranosyl residue at position 4' via a glycosidic linkage.	2.1	1	0	beta-D-glucoside; flavanone glycoside; monohydroxyflavanone; monosaccharide derivative	anti-inflammatory agent; anticoronaviral agent; plant metabolite
evp 4593 EVP 4593: an NF-kappaB pathway inhibitor; structure in first source	2.06	1	0
tyrosine o-sulfate O(4')-sulfo-L-tyrosine : An O-sulfoamino acid that is L-tyrosine in which the phenolic hydrogen has been replaced by a sulfo group.	2.08	1	0	aryl sulfate; L-tyrosine derivative; O-sulfoamino acid	human metabolite
Phe-Tyr Phe-Tyr : A dipeptide formed from L-phenylalanine and L-tyrosine residues.	1.97	1	0	dipeptide	metabolite
potassium thiocyanate potassium thiocyanate: RN given refers to cpd with MF of K-CHNS. potassium thiocyanate : A potassium salt which is the monopotassium salt of thiocyanic acid.	2.9	4	0	potassium salt
potassium permanganate Potassium Permanganate: Permanganic acid (HMnO4), potassium salt. A highly oxidative, water-soluble compound with purple crystals, and a sweet taste. (From McGraw-Hill Dictionary of Scientific and Technical Information, 4th ed)	2.02	1	0
sodium bicarbonate Sodium Bicarbonate: A white, crystalline powder that is commonly used as a pH buffering agent, an electrolyte replenisher, systemic alkalizer and in topical cleansing solutions.	3.38	7	0	one-carbon compound; organic sodium salt	antacid; food anticaking agent
sodium chlorate sodium chlorate : An inorganic sodium salt that has chlorate as the counter-ion. An oxidising agent, it is used for bleaching paper and as a herbicide. It is also used in the manufacture of dyes, explosives and matches.	2.49	2	0	chlorate salt; inorganic sodium salt	herbicide
potassium acetate Potassium Acetate: A potassium salt used to replenish ELECTROLYTES, for restoration of WATER-ELECTROLYTE BALANCE, as well as a urinary and systemic alkalizer, which can be administered orally or by intravenous infusion. Formerly, it was used in DIURETICS and EXPECTORANTS.. potassium acetate : A potassium salt comprising equal numbers of potassium and acetate ions	1.99	1	0	potassium salt	food acidity regulator
sodium acetate, anhydrous Sodium Acetate: The trihydrate sodium salt of acetic acid, which is used as a source of sodium ions in solutions for dialysis and as a systemic and urinary alkalizer, diuretic, and expectorant.	3.64	9	0	organic sodium salt	NMR chemical shift reference compound
sodium benzoate Sodium Benzoate: The sodium salt of BENZOIC ACID. It is used as an antifungal preservative in pharmaceutical preparations and foods. It may also be used as a test for liver function.. sodium benzoate : An organic sodium salt resulting from the replacement of the proton from the carboxy group of benzoic acid by a sodium ion.	4.13	4	0	organic sodium salt	algal metabolite; antimicrobial food preservative; drug allergen; EC 1.13.11.33 (arachidonate 15-lipoxygenase) inhibitor; EC 3.1.1.3 (triacylglycerol lipase) inhibitor; human xenobiotic metabolite; plant metabolite
sodium cyanate sodium cyanate: used in treatment of sickle cell anemia; RN given refers to cyanic acid, Na salt	1.98	1	0	cyanate salt; one-carbon compound
ammonium carbonate ammonium carbonate: see also record for ammonium bicarbonate (mono-NH4 salt)	1.97	1	0
ammonium acetate ammonium acetate : An ammonium salt obtained by reaction of ammonia with acetic acid. A deliquescent white crystalline solid, it has a relatively low melting point (114degreeC) for a salt. Used as a food acidity regulator, although no longer approved for this purpose in the EU.	6.19	26	0	acetate salt; ammonium salt	buffer; food acidity regulator
norlevorphanol [no description available]	2.05	1	0
triacetoneamine-n-oxyl Triacetoneamine-N-Oxyl: Cyclic N-oxide radical functioning as a spin label and radiation-sensitizing agent.. 4-oxo-TEMPO : A member of the class of aminoxyls that is TEMPO carrying an oxo group at position 4.	2.39	2	0	aminoxyls; piperidones	radical scavenger
dipyrone Dipyrone: A drug that has analgesic, anti-inflammatory, and antipyretic properties. It is the sodium sulfonate of AMINOPYRINE.. metamizole sodium : An organic sodium salt of antipyrine substituted at C-4 by a methyl(sulfonatomethyl)amino group, commonly used as a powerful analgesic and antipyretic.	2.72	3	0	organic sodium salt	anti-inflammatory agent; antipyretic; antirheumatic drug; cyclooxygenase 3 inhibitor; non-narcotic analgesic; peripheral nervous system drug; prodrug
sodium perchlorate sodium perchlorate : An inorganic sodium salt comprising equal numbers of sodium and perchlorate ions.	1.98	1	0	inorganic sodium salt
potassium fluoride potassium fluoride : A fluoride salt having K+ as the counterion.	1.96	1	0	fluoride salt; potassium salt	NMR chemical shift reference compound; poison
2-acetyl-1-pyrroline 2-acetyl-1-pyrroline: volatile component of uncooked Khao Dawk Mali 105 brown rice were extracted using indirect steam distillation under reduced pressure and controlled temperature in order to prevent cooking. 2-acetyl-1-pyrroline : A pyrroline that is 1-pyrroline in which the hydrogen at position 2 is replaced by an acetyl group. It is an aroma and flavour compound present in jasmine rice and basmati rice. It is responsible for the 'popcorn' aroma in a large variety of cereal and food products. It is one of the key odourants of the crust of bread and considered to be responsible for the cracker-like odour properties. In bread, it is primarily generated during baking but amounts are influenced by ingredient composition and fermentation conditions.	2.82	3	0	acylimine; methyl ketone; pyrroline	flavouring agent; Maillard reaction product; metabolite
ditiocarb sodium [no description available]	2.05	1	0	organic molecular entity
cholestane-3,5,6-triol cholestane-3,5,6-triol: structure; RN given refers to cpd without isomeric designation	2.51	2	0
bromochloroacetic acid Keratins: A class of fibrous proteins or scleroproteins that represents the principal constituent of EPIDERMIS; HAIR; NAILS; horny tissues, and the organic matrix of tooth ENAMEL. Two major conformational groups have been characterized, alpha-keratin, whose peptide backbone forms a coiled-coil alpha helical structure consisting of TYPE I KERATIN and a TYPE II KERATIN, and beta-keratin, whose backbone forms a zigzag or pleated sheet structure. alpha-Keratins have been classified into at least 20 subtypes. In addition multiple isoforms of subtypes have been found which may be due to GENE DUPLICATION.. bromochloroacetic acid : A monocarboxylic acid that is acetic acid in which one of the methyl hydrogens is replaced by bromine while a second is replaced by chlorine. A low-melting (27.5-31.5degreeC), hygroscopic crystalline solid, it can be formed during the disinfection (by chlorination) of water that contains bromide ions and organic matter, so can occur in drinking water as a byproduct of the disinfection process.	3.94	13	0	2-bromocarboxylic acid; monocarboxylic acid; organochlorine compound
6-mercapto-1-hexanol [no description available]	2.41	1	0
calix(4)arene calix(4)arene: a cyclophane consisting of four phenolic units linked by methylene groups; structure in first source	2.48	2	0
isopropyl n-methylanthranilate isopropyl N-methylanthranilate: from the essential oil of Choisya ternata Kunth; structure in first source	2.1	1	0
tolfenamic acid tolfenamic acid: structure. tolfenamic acid : An aminobenzoic acid that is anthranilic acid in which one of the hydrogens attached to the nitrogen is replaced by a 3-chloro-2-methylphenyl group. Tolfenamic acid is used specifically for relieving the pain of migraine. It also shows anticancer activity.	2.25	1	0	aminobenzoic acid; organochlorine compound; secondary amino compound	EC 1.14.99.1 (prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase) inhibitor; EC 2.7.1.33 (pantothenate kinase) inhibitor; non-narcotic analgesic; non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug
carbenoxolone sodium Carbenoxolone: An agent derived from licorice root. It is used for the treatment of digestive tract ulcers, especially in the stomach. Antidiuretic side effects are frequent, but otherwise the drug is low in toxicity.	4.34	19	0	triterpenoid
carbenoxolone [no description available]	2.05	1	0
alpha-asarone asarone: structure in Merck Index, 9th ed, #847. asarone : A phenylpropanoid that is benzene substituted by methoxy groups at positions 1, 2 and 4 and a propen-1-yl group at position 5. It has been isolated from Acorus.. alpha-asarone : The trans-isomer of asarone.	3.04	4	0	asarone	anticonvulsant; GABA modulator
drimanial drimanial: isolated from the bark of Drimys wintery (Winteraceae); structure in first source	2.71	3	0
hirsutanone hirsutanone: from methanolic extract of the aerial parts of Viscum cruciatum (Viscaceae)	2.08	1	0	diarylheptanoid
cinnamaldehyde 3-phenylprop-2-enal : A member of the class of cinnamaldehydes that is prop-2-enal in which a hydrogen at position 3 has been replaced by a phenyl group. The configuration of the double bond is not specified; the name "cinnamaldehyde" is widely used to refer to the E (trans) isomer.. (E)-cinnamaldehyde : The E (trans) stereoisomer of cinnamaldehyde, the parent of the class of cinnamaldehydes.	3.23	5	0	3-phenylprop-2-enal; cinnamaldehydes	antifungal agent; EC 4.3.1.24 (phenylalanine ammonia-lyase) inhibitor; flavouring agent; hypoglycemic agent; plant metabolite; sensitiser; vasodilator agent
trans-4-coumaric acid hydroxycinnamic acid : Any member of the class of cinnamic acids carrying one or more hydroxy substituents.. trans-4-coumaric acid : The trans-isomer of 4-coumaric acid.. 4-coumaric acid : A coumaric acid in which the hydroxy substituent is located at C-4 of the phenyl ring.	3.28	6	0	4-coumaric acid	food component; mouse metabolite; plant metabolite
geraniol [no description available]	2.42	2	0	3,7-dimethylocta-2,6-dien-1-ol; monoterpenoid; primary alcohol	allergen; fragrance; plant metabolite; volatile oil component
glycosides [no description available]	4.23	17	0
chalcone trans-chalcone : The trans-isomer of chalcone.	3.67	9	0	chalcone	EC 3.2.1.1 (alpha-amylase) inhibitor
isomethyleugenol Methylation: Addition of methyl groups. In histo-chemistry methylation is used to esterify carboxyl groups and remove sulfate groups by treating tissue sections with hot methanol in the presence of hydrochloric acid. (From Stedman, 25th ed)	5.14	45	0	isomethyleugenol
s18986-1 S18986-1: a positive AMPA receptor modulator	2.02	1	0
citral citral: Xref geranial: geraniol is also available; Xref neral: nerol is also available; vitamin A antagonist; oxygenated monoterpene; inhibits cytosolic dehydrogenases; structure. citral : An enal that consists of octa-2,6-dienal bearing methyl substituents at positions 3 and 7. A mixture of the two geometric isomers geranial and neral, it is the major constituent (75-85%) of oil of lemon grass, the volatile oil of Cymbopogon citratus, or of C. flexuosus. It also occurs in oils of verbena, lemon, and orange.	2.52	2	0	enal; monoterpenoid; polyprenal	plant metabolite; volatile oil component
retinaldehyde Retinaldehyde: A diterpene derived from the carotenoid VITAMIN A which functions as the active component of the visual cycle. It is the prosthetic group of RHODOPSIN (i.e., covalently bonded to ROD OPSIN as 11-cis-retinal). When stimulated by visible light, rhodopsin transforms this cis-isomer of retinal to the trans-isomer (11-trans-retinal). This transformation straightens-out the bend of the retinal molecule and causes a change in the shape of rhodopsin triggering the visual process. A series of energy-requiring enzyme-catalyzed reactions convert the 11-trans-retinal back to the cis-isomer.. all-trans-retinal : A retinal in which all four exocyclic double bonds have E- (trans-) geometry.	5.4	19	0	retinal; vitamin A	gap junctional intercellular communication inhibitor; human metabolite; mouse metabolite
piperine piperine : A N-acylpiperidine that is piperidine substituted by a (1E,3E)-1-(1,3-benzodioxol-5-yl)-5-oxopenta-1,3-dien-5-yl group at the nitrogen atom. It is an alkaloid isolated from the plant Piper nigrum.	2.8	3	0	benzodioxoles; N-acylpiperidine; piperidine alkaloid; tertiary carboxamide	food component; human blood serum metabolite; NF-kappaB inhibitor; plant metabolite
squalene Addavax: an oil-water nanoemulsion and adjuvant containing squalene, Tween 80, and sorbitane trioleate	2.03	1	0	triterpene	human metabolite; mouse metabolite; plant metabolite; Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite
stilbenes Stilbenes: Organic compounds that contain 1,2-diphenylethylene as a functional group.. trans-stilbene : The trans-isomer of stilbene.	7.6	42	1	stilbene
isoliquiritigenin [no description available]	3.22	5	0	chalcones	antineoplastic agent; biological pigment; EC 1.14.18.1 (tyrosinase) inhibitor; GABA modulator; geroprotector; metabolite; NMDA receptor antagonist
phenyl-n-tert-butylnitrone phenyl-N-tert-butylnitrone: a spin-trapping agent	3.61	9	0
xanthohumol xanthohumol: from hop plant, Humulus lupulus. xanthohumol : A member of the class of chalcones that is trans-chalcone substituted by hydroxy groups at positions 4, 2' and 4', a methoxy group at position 6' and a prenyl group at position 3'. Isolated from Humulus lupulus, it induces apoptosis in human malignant glioblastoma cells.	2.58	2	0	aromatic ether; chalcones; polyphenol	anti-HIV-1 agent; antineoplastic agent; antiviral agent; apoptosis inducer; EC 2.3.1.20 (diacylglycerol O-acyltransferase) inhibitor; metabolite
prolinol prolinol: RN given refers to cpd without isomeric designation; structure. prolinol : An amino alcohol formed by reduction of the amino acid proline.	2.02	1	0
cardamonin cardamonin: found in Zingiberaceae; structure in first source	2.17	1	0	chalcones
alpha-cyanocinnamate alpha-cyanocinnamate: RN given refers to cpd without isomeric designation	1.96	1	0
sorbic acid Sorbic Acid: Mold and yeast inhibitor. Used as a fungistatic agent for foods, especially cheeses.. (2E,4E)-hexa-2,4-dienoic acid : A sorbic acid having trans-double bonds at positions 2 and 4; a food preservative that can induce cutaneous vasodilation and stinging upon topical application to humans. It is the most thermodynamically stable of the four possible geometric isomers possible, as well as the one with the highest antimicrobial activity.. sorbic acid : A hexadienoic acid with double bonds at C-2 and C-4; it has four geometrical isomers, of which the trans,trans-form is naturally occurring.	1.99	1	0	alpha,beta-unsaturated monocarboxylic acid; sorbic acid
discodermolide [no description available]	2.05	1	0	diterpenoid
aconitic acid cis-aconitic acid : The cis-isomer of aconitic acid.	2.53	2	0	aconitic acid	fundamental metabolite
citraconic acid citraconic acid: was MH 1975-92 (see under MALEATES 1975-90); METHYLMALEIC ACID was see CITRACONIC ACID 1975-92; use MALEATES to search CITRACONIC ACID 1975-92; RN refers to (Z)-isomer; SO refers to (E)-isomer. citraconic acid : A dicarboxylic acid consisting of maleic acid having a methyl substituent at the 2-position.	2.06	1	0	dicarboxylic acid; dicarboxylic fatty acid	human metabolite
flavin-adenine dinucleotide Flavin-Adenine Dinucleotide: A condensation product of riboflavin and adenosine diphosphate. The coenzyme of various aerobic dehydrogenases, e.g., D-amino acid oxidase and L-amino acid oxidase. (Lehninger, Principles of Biochemistry, 1982, p972)	4.64	27	0	flavin adenine dinucleotide; vitamin B2	cofactor; Escherichia coli metabolite; human metabolite; mouse metabolite; prosthetic group
cocaethylene cocaethylene: RN given refers to (1R-(exo,exo))-isomer; cocaine metabolite produced in vivo when cocaine and ethanol are taken together; as potent as cocaine in blocking uptake of the neurotransmitter dopamine synapses	1.99	1	0	benzoate ester
cannabidiol Cannabidiol: Compound isolated from Cannabis sativa extract.. cannabidiol : An cannabinoid that is cyclohexene which is substituted by a methyl group at position 1, a 2,6-dihydroxy-4-pentylphenyl group at position 3, and a prop-1-en-2-yl group at position 4.	6.64	18	1	olefinic compound; phytocannabinoid; resorcinols	antimicrobial agent; plant metabolite
3-hydroxybutyryl-coenzyme a 3-hydroxybutyryl-coenzyme A: RN given refers to cpd without isomeric designation. 3-hydroxybutanoyl-CoA : A hydroxybutanoyl-CoA having 3-hydroxybutanoyl as the S-acyl component.	2.01	1	0	3-hydroxyacyl-CoA; hydroxybutanoyl-CoA	mouse metabolite
malonyl coenzyme a Malonyl Coenzyme A: A coenzyme A derivative which plays a key role in the fatty acid synthesis in the cytoplasmic and microsomal systems.. omega-carboxyacyl-CoA : An acyl-CoA that results from the formal condensation of the thiol group of coenzyme A with one of the carboxy groups of any alpha,omega-dicarboxylic acid.	5.42	11	0	malonyl-CoAs	EC 2.3.1.21 (carnitine O-palmitoyltransferase) inhibitor; Escherichia coli metabolite; metabolite; mouse metabolite
buprenorphine Buprenorphine: A derivative of the opioid alkaloid THEBAINE that is a more potent and longer lasting analgesic than MORPHINE. It appears to act as a partial agonist at mu and kappa opioid receptors and as an antagonist at delta receptors. The lack of delta-agonist activity has been suggested to account for the observation that buprenorphine tolerance may not develop with chronic use.. buprenorphine : A morphinane alkaloid that is 7,8-dihydromorphine 6-O-methyl ether in which positions 6 and 14 are joined by a -CH2CH2- bridge, one of the hydrogens of the N-methyl group is substituted by cyclopropyl, and a hydrogen at position 7 is substituted by a 2-hydroxy-3,3-dimethylbutan-2-yl group. It is highly effective for the treatment of opioid use disorder and is also increasingly being used in the treatment of chronic pain.	5.49	4	1	morphinane alkaloid	delta-opioid receptor antagonist; kappa-opioid receptor antagonist; mu-opioid receptor agonist; opioid analgesic
arginine vasopressin Arginine Vasopressin: The predominant form of mammalian antidiuretic hormone. It is a nonapeptide containing an ARGININE at residue 8 and two disulfide-linked cysteines at residues of 1 and 6. Arg-vasopressin is used to treat DIABETES INSIPIDUS or to improve vasomotor tone and BLOOD PRESSURE.. argipressin : The predominant form of mammalian vasopressin (antidiuretic hormone). It is a nonapeptide containing an arginine at residue 8 and two disulfide-linked cysteines at residues of 1 and 6.	7.28	55	0	vasopressin	cardiovascular drug; hematologic agent; mitogen
pyrophosphate Diphosphates: Inorganic salts of phosphoric acid that contain two phosphate groups.	2.93	4	0	diphosphate ion
palmitoyl coenzyme a Palmitoyl Coenzyme A: A fatty acid coenzyme derivative which plays a key role in fatty acid oxidation and biosynthesis.. palmitoyl-CoA : A long-chain fatty acyl-CoA resulting from the formal condensation of the carboxy group of hexadecanoic acid with the thiol group of coenzyme A.	2.92	4	0	11,12-saturated fatty acyl-CoA; 3-substituted propionyl-CoA; long-chain fatty acyl-CoA; palmitoyl bioconjugate	Escherichia coli metabolite; mouse metabolite
gw9662 2-chloro-5-nitrobenzanilide: pretreatment of peroxisome proliferator activated receptors with GW9662 results in the irreversible loss of ligand binding	2.76	3	0	benzamides
s 1033 [no description available]	2.07	1	0	(trifluoromethyl)benzenes; imidazoles; pyridines; pyrimidines; secondary amino compound; secondary carboxamide	anticoronaviral agent; antineoplastic agent; tyrosine kinase inhibitor
dodecylphosphocholine dodecylphosphocholine: phospholipase A2 inhibitor; RN refers to chloride. dodecylphosphocholine : A phosphocholine that is the monododecyl ester of phosphocholine	2.49	2	0	phosphocholines	detergent
acetyl-aspartyl-glutamyl-valyl-aspartal acetyl-aspartyl-glutamyl-valyl-aspartal: a capase inhibitor. Ac-Asp-Glu-Val-Asp-H : A tetrapeptide consisting of two L-aspartic acid residues, an L-glutamyl residue and an L-valine residue with an acetyl group at the N-terminal and with the C-terminal carboxy group reduced to an aldehyde. It is an inhibitor of caspase-3/7.	2.41	2	0	tetrapeptide	protease inhibitor
methylatropine methylatropine: RN given refers to endo-(+-)-isomer; structure in Negwer, 5th ed, #3766	3.11	5	0
lanatoside c lanatoside C: RN given refers to (3beta,5beta,12beta)-isomer	2.62	3	0
tropisetron Tropisetron: An indole derivative and 5-HT3 RECEPTOR antagonist that is used for the prevention of nausea and vomiting.. tropisetron : An indolyl carboxylate ester obtained by formal condensation of the carboxy group of indole-3-carboxylic acid with the hydroxy group of tropine.	2.95	4	0	indolyl carboxylic acid
ly382884 [no description available]	3.13	5	0	benzoic acids
xe 991, anthracenone 10,10-bis(4-pyridinylmethyl)-9(10H)-anthracenone: neurotransmitter release enhancer and potassium channel blocker; structure given in first source	2.07	1	0	anthracenes
tram 34 TRAM 34: inhibits IKCa1; structure in first source	2.05	1	0	organochlorine compound
isopropyl thiogalactoside Isopropyl Thiogalactoside: A non-metabolizable galactose analog that induces expression of the LAC OPERON.. isopropyl beta-D-thiogalactopyranoside : An S-glycosyl compound consisting of beta-D-1-thiogalactose having an isopropyl group attached to the anomeric sulfur.	2.94	4	0	S-glycosyl compound
propylthiouracil Propylthiouracil: A thiourea antithyroid agent. Propythiouracil inhibits the synthesis of thyroxine and inhibits the peripheral conversion of throxine to tri-iodothyronine. It is used in the treatment of hyperthyroidism. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopeoia, 30th ed, p534). 6-propyl-2-thiouracil : A pyrimidinethione consisting of uracil in which the 2-oxo group is substituted by a thio group and the hydrogen at position 6 is substituted by a propyl group.	2.93	4	0	pyrimidinethione	antidote to paracetamol poisoning; antimetabolite; antioxidant; antithyroid drug; carcinogenic agent; EC 1.14.13.39 (nitric oxide synthase) inhibitor; hormone antagonist
nsc 4347 NSC 4347: structure in first source	2.05	1	0
n(6)-cyclopentyladenosine [no description available]	3.7	10	0
prothionamide Prothionamide: Antitubercular agent similar in action and side effects to ETHIONAMIDE. It is used mostly in combination with other agents.	2.05	1	0	pyridines
sesquiterpenes [no description available]	5.77	32	0
etomidate Etomidate: Imidazole derivative anesthetic and hypnotic with little effect on blood gases, ventilation, or the cardiovascular system. It has been proposed as an induction anesthetic.. etomidate : The ethyl ester of 1-[(1R)-1-phenylethyl]-1H-imidazole-5-carboxylic acid. It is an intravenous general anaesthetic with no analgesic activity.	3.56	8	0	ethyl ester; imidazoles	intravenous anaesthetic; sedative
mercaptopurine Mercaptopurine: An antimetabolite antineoplastic agent with immunosuppressant properties. It interferes with nucleic acid synthesis by inhibiting purine metabolism and is used, usually in combination with other drugs, in the treatment of or in remission maintenance programs for leukemia.. purine-6-thiol : A thiol that is the tautomer of mercaptopurine.. mercaptopurine : A member of the class of purines that is 6,7-dihydro-1H-purine carrying a thione group at position 6. An adenine analogue, it is used in the treatment of acute lymphocytic leukemia (ALL), chronic myeloid leukemia (CML), Crohn's disease, and ulcerative colitis.	2.05	1	0	aryl thiol; purines; thiocarbonyl compound	anticoronaviral agent; antimetabolite; antineoplastic agent
sb 366791 N-(3-methoxyphenyl)-4-chlorocinnamanilide: a TRPV1 antagonist; structure in first source	2.99	4	0
3,3',4,5'-tetrahydroxystilbene 3,3',4,5'-tetrahydroxystilbene: demethyl derivative of isorhapontigenin; structure in first source; a Syk kinase inhibitor; found in heartwood of FABACEAE; inhibitor of photosynthesis in spinach chloroplasts; may be inhibitor of plant growth; RN given refers to (E)-isomer. piceatannol : A stilbenol that is trans-stilbene in which one of the phenyl groups is substituted by hydroxy groups at positions 3 and 4, while the other phenyl group is substituted by hydroxy groups at positions 3 and 5.	2.6	1	0	catechols; polyphenol; resorcinols; stilbenol	antineoplastic agent; apoptosis inducer; geroprotector; hypoglycemic agent; plant metabolite; protein kinase inhibitor; tyrosine kinase inhibitor
bemesetron [no description available]	3.14	5	0
thioinosine Thioinosine: Sulfhydryl analog of INOSINE that inhibits nucleoside transport across erythrocyte plasma membranes, and has immunosuppressive properties. It has been used similarly to MERCAPTOPURINE in the treatment of leukemia. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p503)	3.5	8	0
phenylthiourea Phenylthiourea: Phenylthiourea is a THIOUREA derivative containing a phenyl ring. Depending on their genetic makeup, humans can find it either bitter-tasting or tasteless.. N-phenylthiourea : A member of the class of thioureas that is thiourea in which one of the hydrogens is replaced by a phenyl group. Depending on their genetic makeup, humans find it either very bitter-tasting or tasteless. This unusual property resulted in N-phenylthiourea being used in paternity testing prior to the advent of DNA testing.	1.99	1	0	thioureas	EC 1.14.18.1 (tyrosinase) inhibitor
caffeic acid trans-caffeic acid : The trans-isomer of caffeic acid.	4.26	6	0	caffeic acid	geroprotector; mouse metabolite
captax captax: RN given refers to parent cpd. 1,3-benzothiazole-2-thiol : 1,3-Benzothiazole substituted at the 2-position with a sulfanyl group.	2	1	0	aryl thiol; benzothiazoles	carcinogenic agent; metabolite
4-methoxycinnamic acid [no description available]	2.01	1	0	cinnamic acids
n-acetyltryptophan N-acetyl-L-tryptophan : A N-acetyl-L-amino acid that is the N-acetyl derivative of L-tryptophan.	2.92	4	0	L-tryptophan derivative; N-acetyl-L-amino acid	metabolite
diphenylthiourea N,N'-diphenylthiourea : Thiourea in which each nitrogen carries a phenyl substituent.	2.25	1	0	thioureas	allergen
n-benzoylalanine N-benzoylalanine: RN given refers to parent cpd (L-Ala)-isomer. N-benzoylalanine : An N-acylamino acid that is the N-benzoyl derivative of alanine.. N-benzoyl-L-alanine : An N-acyl-L-alanine resulting from the formal condensation of L-alanine with the carboxy group of benzoic acid.	1.97	1	0	N-acyl-L-alanine; N-benzoylalanine	metabolite
phenylalanine methyl ester phenylalanine methyl ester: RN given refers to (L)-isomer. methyl L-phenylalaninate : An alpha-amino acid ester that is the methyl ester of L-phenylalanine.	2.68	3	0	alpha-amino acid ester; L-phenylalanine derivative
urocanic acid Urocanic Acid: 4-Imidazoleacrylic acid.. urocanic acid : An alpha,beta-unsaturated monocarboxylic acid that is prop-2-enoic acid substituted by a 1H-imidazol-4-yl group at position 3. It is a metabolite of hidtidine.. trans-urocanic acid : A urocanic acid in which the double bond of the carboxyethene moiety has E configuration.	3.56	9	0	urocanic acid	human metabolite
clostridium perfringens delta-toxin 5,6-dihydrocyclopenta-1,2-dithiole-3-thione: structure in first source	2.04	1	0
n-(3-chlorophenyl)picolinamide N-(3-chlorophenyl)picolinamide: a metabotropic glutamate receptor 4 (mGlu4) positive allosteric modulator; structure in first source	2.07	1	0
3-amino-n-(4-methoxybenzyl)-4,6-dimethylthieno(2,3-b)pyridine-2-carboxamide 3-amino-N-(4-methoxybenzyl)-4,6-dimethylthieno(2,3-b)pyridine-2-carboxamide: structure in first source	2.6	1	0
vu 0155041 VU 0155041: an mGluR4 agonist	2.57	2	0
flunarizine Flunarizine: Flunarizine is a selective calcium entry blocker with calmodulin binding properties and histamine H1 blocking activity. It is effective in the prophylaxis of migraine, occlusive peripheral vascular disease, vertigo of central and peripheral origin, and as an adjuvant in the therapy of epilepsy.	3.5	8	0	diarylmethane
tetrahydropalmatine [no description available]	2.02	1	0
dieldrin Dieldrin: An organochlorine insecticide whose use has been cancelled or suspended in the United States. It has been used to control locusts, tropical disease vectors, in termite control by direct soil injection, and non-food seed and plant treatment. (From HSDB). dieldrin : An organochlorine compound resulting from the epoxidation of the double bond of aldrin. It is the active metabolite of the proinsecticde aldrin.	2.88	4	0	epoxide; organochlorine compound; organochlorine insecticide	carcinogenic agent; xenobiotic
curcumin Curcumin: A yellow-orange dye obtained from tumeric, the powdered root of CURCUMA longa. It is used in the preparation of curcuma paper and the detection of boron. Curcumin appears to possess a spectrum of pharmacological properties, due primarily to its inhibitory effects on metabolic enzymes.. curcumin : A beta-diketone that is methane in which two of the hydrogens are substituted by feruloyl groups. A natural dyestuff found in the root of Curcuma longa.	6.04	20	0	aromatic ether; beta-diketone; diarylheptanoid; enone; polyphenol	anti-inflammatory agent; antifungal agent; antineoplastic agent; biological pigment; contraceptive drug; dye; EC 1.1.1.205 (IMP dehydrogenase) inhibitor; EC 1.1.1.21 (aldehyde reductase) inhibitor; EC 1.1.1.25 (shikimate dehydrogenase) inhibitor; EC 1.6.5.2 [NAD(P)H dehydrogenase (quinone)] inhibitor; EC 1.8.1.9 (thioredoxin reductase) inhibitor; EC 2.7.10.2 (non-specific protein-tyrosine kinase) inhibitor; EC 3.5.1.98 (histone deacetylase) inhibitor; flavouring agent; food colouring; geroprotector; hepatoprotective agent; immunomodulator; iron chelator; ligand; lipoxygenase inhibitor; metabolite; neuroprotective agent; nutraceutical; radical scavenger
hc 030031 2-(1,3-dimethyl-2,6-dioxo-1,2,3,6-tetrahydro-7H-purin-7-yl)-N-(4-isopropylphenyl)acetamide: a TRPA1 channel blocker	3.04	4	0
rhodanine 2-mercaptothiazolinone: metabolite in urine from persons exposed to CS2; structure	2.42	2	0	thiazolidinone
benztropine Benztropine: A centrally active muscarinic antagonist that has been used in the symptomatic treatment of PARKINSON DISEASE. Benztropine also inhibits the uptake of dopamine.. benzatropine : Tropane in which a hydrogen at position 3 is substituted by a diphenylmethoxy group (endo-isomer). An acetylcholine receptor antagonist, it is used (particularly as its methanesulphonate salt) in the treatment of Parkinson's disease, and to reduce parkinsonism and akathisia side effects of antipsychotic treatments.	1.97	1	0	diarylmethane
methimazole Methimazole: A thioureylene antithyroid agent that inhibits the formation of thyroid hormones by interfering with the incorporation of iodine into tyrosyl residues of thyroglobulin. This is done by interfering with the oxidation of iodide ion and iodotyrosyl groups through inhibition of the peroxidase enzyme.. methimazole : A member of the class of imidazoles that it imidazole-2-thione in which a methyl group replaces the hydrogen which is attached to a nitrogen.	2.47	2	0	1,3-dihydroimidazole-2-thiones	antithyroid drug
urb 597 cyclohexyl carbamic acid 3'-carbamoylbiphenyl-3-yl ester: a fatty acid amide hydrolase inhibitor; structure in first source	2.75	3	0	biphenyls
sulindac Sulindac: A sulfinylindene derivative prodrug whose sulfinyl moiety is converted in vivo to an active NSAID analgesic. Specifically, the prodrug is converted by liver enzymes to a sulfide which is excreted in the bile and then reabsorbed from the intestine. This helps to maintain constant blood levels with reduced gastrointestinal side effects.. sulindac : A monocarboxylic acid that is 1-benzylidene-1H-indene which is substituted at positions 2, 3, and 5 by methyl, carboxymethyl, and fluorine respectively, and in which the phenyl group of the benzylidene moiety is substituted at the para position by a methylsulfinyl group. It is a prodrug for the corresponding sulfide, a non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug, used particularly in the treatment of acute and chronic inflammatory conditions.	2.05	1	0	monocarboxylic acid; organofluorine compound; sulfoxide	analgesic; antineoplastic agent; antipyretic; apoptosis inducer; EC 1.14.99.1 (prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase) inhibitor; non-narcotic analgesic; non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug; prodrug; tocolytic agent
capsaicin ALGRX-4975: an injectable capsaicin (TRPV1 receptor agonist) formulation for longlasting pain relief. capsaicinoid : A family of aromatic fatty amides produced as secondary metabolites by chilli peppers.	14.51	167	2	capsaicinoid	non-narcotic analgesic; TRPV1 agonist; voltage-gated sodium channel blocker
enclomiphene Enclomiphene: The trans or (E)-isomer of clomiphene.	1.97	1	0
terbinafine [no description available]	2.05	1	0	acetylenic compound; allylamine antifungal drug; enyne; naphthalenes; tertiary amine	EC 1.14.13.132 (squalene monooxygenase) inhibitor; P450 inhibitor; sterol biosynthesis inhibitor
cysteine sulfinic acid 3-sulfino-L-alanine : The organosulfinic acid arising from oxidation of the sulfhydryl group of L-cysteine.	2.03	1	0	organosulfinic acid; S-substituted L-cysteine	Escherichia coli metabolite; human metabolite; metabotropic glutamate receptor agonist; mouse metabolite
n-glycylalanine Gly-Ala : A dipeptide formed from glycine and L-alanine residues.	2.05	1	0	dipeptide	metabolite
oxazolone Oxazolone: Immunologic adjuvant and sensitizing agent.	2.03	1	0
chlorogenic acid caffeoylquinic acid: Antiviral Agent; structure in first source. chlorogenate : A monocarboxylic acid anion that is the conjugate base of chlorogenic acid; major species at pH 7.3.	3.83	10	0	cinnamate ester; tannin	food component; plant metabolite
map4 MAP4: partial amino acid sequence given in first source	2.4	2	0
2-methyl-1,3,4-thiadiazole-5-thiol 2-methyl-1,3,4-thiadiazole-5-thiol: structure given in first source	2.37	2	0
thioguanine anhydrous Thioguanine: An antineoplastic compound which also has antimetabolite action. The drug is used in the therapy of acute leukemia.. tioguanine : A 2-aminopurine that is the 6-thiono derivative of 2-amino-1,9-dihydro-6H-purine. Incorporates into DNA and inhibits synthesis. Used in the treatment of leukaemia.	2.05	1	0	2-aminopurines	anticoronaviral agent; antimetabolite; antineoplastic agent
thiobarbituric acid thiobarbituric acid: RN given refers to parent cpd. 2-thiobarbituric acid : A barbiturate, the structure of which is that of barbituric acid in which the oxygen at C-2 is replaced by sulfur.	2.67	3	0	barbiturates	allergen; reagent
1,3-dimethylthiourea [no description available]	2.39	2	0
tacrine hydrochloride [no description available]	2.05	1	0
1-n-methyl-5-thiotetrazole 1-N-methyl-5-thiotetrazole: side chain of several new antibiotics associated with development of hypoprothrombinemia	2.37	2	0
thiosemicarbazide thiosemicarbazide: glutamate decarboxylase antagonist; structure given in first source. hydrazinecarbothioamide : A member of the class of thioureas that is thiourea in which a hydrogen of one of the amino groups is replaced by an amino group.	7.44	2	0	hydrazines; thiocarboxamide; thioureas
thiourea Thiourea: A photographic fixative used also in the manufacture of resins. According to the Fourth Annual Report on Carcinogens (NTP 85-002, 1985), this substance may reasonably be anticipated to be a carcinogen (Merck Index, 9th ed). Many of its derivatives are ANTITHYROID AGENTS and/or FREE RADICAL SCAVENGERS.. thiourea : The simplest member of the thiourea class, consisting of urea with the oxygen atom substituted by sulfur.	9.66	27	0	one-carbon compound; thioureas; ureas	antioxidant; chromophore
safranine t safranin O : An organic chloride salt having 3,7-diamino-2,8-dimethyl-5-phenylphenazin-5-ium as the counterion. It is commonly used for staining Gram negative bacteria.	2.94	4	0	organic chloride salt	fluorochrome; histological dye
sodium propionate sodium propionate: was term of propionic acid (1986-2006). sodium propionate : An organic sodium salt comprising equal numbers of sodium and propionate ions.	2.05	1	0	organic sodium salt	antifungal drug; food preservative
D-fructopyranose [no description available]	11.33	56	3	cyclic hemiketal; D-fructose; fructopyranose	sweetening agent
thioacetamide Thioacetamide: A crystalline compound used as a laboratory reagent in place of HYDROGEN SULFIDE. It is a potent hepatocarcinogen.. thioacetamide : A thiocarboxamide consiting of acetamide having the oxygen replaced by sulfur.	4.01	14	0	thiocarboxamide	hepatotoxic agent
unithiol Unithiol: A chelating agent used as an antidote to heavy metal poisoning.	3.12	5	0
tempo TEMPO: structure. TEMPO : A member of the class of aminoxyls that is piperidine that carries an oxidanediyl group at position 1 and methyl groups at positions 2, 2, 6, and 6, respectively.	2.03	1	0	aminoxyls; piperidines	catalyst; ferroptosis inhibitor; radical scavenger
sodium decylsulfonate [no description available]	2.03	1	0
ferric ferrocyanide ferric ferrocyanide: antidote to thallium poisoning; RN given refers to Fe(+3)[3:4] salt; structure	2.42	2	0
tungsten carbide tungsten carbide: RN given refers to cpd with unspecified MF	4.14	3	1
n-methyl-n-(tert-butyldimethylsilyl)trifluoroacetamide N-(tert-butyldimethylsilyl)-N-methyltrifluoroacetamide : An N-silyl compound that is N-methyltrifluoroacetamide in which the amide nitrogen is replaced by a tert-butyldimethylsilyl group.	3.51	2	0	monocarboxylic acid amide; N-silyl compound; trifluoroacetamide	chromatographic reagent
succimer Succimer: A mercaptodicarboxylic acid used as an antidote to heavy metal poisoning because it forms strong chelates with them.. succimer : A sulfur-containing carboxylic acid that is succinic acid bearing two mercapto substituents at positions 2 and 3. A lead chelator used as an antedote to lead poisoning.	2.41	2	0	dicarboxylic acid; dithiol; sulfur-containing carboxylic acid	chelator
digoxin Digoxin: A cardiotonic glycoside obtained mainly from Digitalis lanata; it consists of three sugars and the aglycone DIGOXIGENIN. Digoxin has positive inotropic and negative chronotropic activity. It is used to control ventricular rate in ATRIAL FIBRILLATION and in the management of congestive heart failure with atrial fibrillation. Its use in congestive heart failure and sinus rhythm is less certain. The margin between toxic and therapeutic doses is small. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p666). digoxin : A cardenolide glycoside that is digitoxin beta-hydroxylated at C-12. A cardiac glycoside extracted from the foxglove plant, Digitalis lanata, it is used to control ventricular rate in atrial fibrillation and in the management of congestive heart failure with atrial fibrillation, but the margin between toxic and therapeutic doses is small.	7.68	3	0	cardenolide glycoside; steroid saponin	anti-arrhythmia drug; cardiotonic drug; EC 3.6.3.9 (Na(+)/K(+)-transporting ATPase) inhibitor; epitope
glycylvaline glycylvaline: RN given refers to (DL)-isomer	2.4	2	0	dipeptide	human metabolite
epsilon-tert-butyloxycarbonyl-lysine epsilon-tert-butyloxycarbonyl-lysine: RN given refers to (L)-isomer	2.05	1	0
streptozocin [no description available]	2.05	1	0
capsazepine capsazepine: modified capsaicin molecule; a capsaicin receptor antagonist. capsazepine : A benzazepine that is 2,3,4,5-tetrahydro-1H-2-benzazepine which is substituted by hydroxy groups at positions 7 and 8 and on the nitrogen atom by a 2-(p-chlorophenyl)ethylaminothiocarbonyl group. A synthetic analogue of capsaicin, it was the first reported capsaicin receptor antagonist.	4.44	21	0	benzazepine; catechols; monochlorobenzenes; thioureas	capsaicin receptor antagonist
fumonisin b1 fumonisin B1: isolated from Fusarium moniliforme MRC 826; structure given in first source; has cancer-promoting activity; inhibits ceramide synthase. fumonisin B1 : A diester that results from the condensation of the 1-carboxy groups of two molecules of propane-1,2,3-tricarboxylic acid with hydroxy groups at positions 14 and 15 of (2S,3S,5R,10R,12S,14S,15R,16R)-2-amino-12,16-dimethylicosane-3,5,10,14,15-pentol.	2.07	1	0	diester; fumonisin; primary amino compound; triol	carcinogenic agent; metabolite
1,3-dihydroxy-4,4,5,5-tetramethyl-2-(4-carboxyphenyl)tetrahydroimidazole 1,3-dihydroxy-4,4,5,5-tetramethyl-2-(4-carboxyphenyl)tetrahydroimidazole: intermediate in the synthesis of imidazolineoxyl N-oxides; partial structure given in first source	3.12	5	0	benzoic acid; imidazolines; organic radical	apoptosis inhibitor; radical scavenger
2-phenyl-4,4,5,5-tetramethylimidazoline-1-oxyl-3-oxide 2-phenyl-4,4,5,5-tetramethylimidazoline-1-oxyl-3-oxide: partial structure given in first source; endothelium-derived relaxing factor antagonist	2.43	2	0
4-bromohomoibotenic acid, (rs)-isomer [no description available]	2.69	3	0
tamoxifen [no description available]	4.7	28	0	stilbenoid; tertiary amino compound	angiogenesis inhibitor; antineoplastic agent; bone density conservation agent; EC 1.2.3.1 (aldehyde oxidase) inhibitor; EC 2.7.11.13 (protein kinase C) inhibitor; estrogen antagonist; estrogen receptor antagonist; estrogen receptor modulator
hydroxypropyl-gamma-cyclodextrin [no description available]	2.01	1	0
sodium taurodeoxycholate Taurodeoxycholic Acid: A bile salt formed in the liver by conjugation of deoxycholate with taurine, usually as the sodium salt. It is used as a cholagogue and choleretic, also industrially as a fat emulsifier.. taurodeoxycholic acid : A bile acid taurine conjugate of deoxycholic acid.. taurodeoxycholate : An organosulfonate oxoanion that is the conjugate base of taurodeoxycholic acid.	2.42	2	0	bile acid taurine conjugate	human metabolite
nadp [no description available]	14.96	129	0
1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl: A diphenyl picrate; the ability to decolorize this stable radical indicates reactivity of tested compounds (Banda, Anal Chem 46:1772-7 1974)	5.23	18	0
8-azidoadenosine 5'-triphosphate [no description available]	2.02	1	0
ethionamide Ethionamide: A second-line antitubercular agent that inhibits mycolic acid synthesis.. ethionamide : A thiocarboxamide that is pyridine-4-carbothioamide substituted by an ethyl group at position 2. A prodrug that undergoes metabolic activation by conversion to the corresponding S-oxide.	2.05	1	0	pyridines; thiocarboxamide	antilipemic drug; antitubercular agent; fatty acid synthesis inhibitor; leprostatic drug; prodrug
5-carboxytetramethylrhodamine 5-carboxytetramethylrhodamine: structure in first source. 5-carboxytetramethylrhodamine : A tetramethylrhodamine compound having a carboxy substituent at the 5-position	2.13	1	0	xanthenes	fluorochrome
1-pyrenebutanol 1-pyrenebutanol: a fluorescent substrate of P450eryF; structure in first source	2.02	1	0
2-heptyl-3-hydroxy-4-quinolone 2-heptyl-3-hydroxy-4-quinolone: structure in first source. 2-heptyl-3-hydroxy-4-quinolone : A quinolone consisting of quinolin-4(1H)-one carrying a heptyl substituent at position 2 and a hydroxy group at position 3.	2.31	1	0	quinolone	signalling molecule
4-hydroxyisoleucine [no description available]	2.03	1	0	isoleucine derivative
t 0070907 T 0070907: a PPARgamma antagonist; structure in first source	2.44	2	0	carbonyl compound; organohalogen compound
3'-o-(n-methylanthraniloyl)adenosine 5'-diphosphate 3'-O-(N-methylanthraniloyl)adenosine 5'-diphosphate : A purine ribonucleoside 5'-diphosphate that is ADP substituted at position 3' by an N-methylanthraniloyl group.	2.7	3	0	purine ribonucleoside 5'-diphosphate
2-(4'-(methylamino)phenyl)-6-hydroxybenzothiazole 2-(4'-(methylamino)phenyl)-6-hydroxybenzothiazole: an amyloid imaging agent; structure in first source	2.21	1	0
sirtinol [no description available]	2.13	1	0	aldimine; benzamides; naphthols	anti-inflammatory agent; EC 3.5.1.98 (histone deacetylase) inhibitor; Sir2 inhibitor
methyl-thiohydantoin-tryptophan methyl-thiohydantoin-tryptophan: structure in first source	3.34	6	0	organonitrogen compound; organooxygen compound
monastrol monastrol: stops mitosis by fostering formation of monopolar spindles; structure in first source. (S)-monastrol : An ethyl 4-(3-hydroxyphenyl)-6-methyl-2-thioxo-1,2,3,4-tetrahydropyrimidine-5-carboxylate that has S configuration.. monastrol : A racemate comprising equimolar amounts of R- and S-monastrol.. ethyl 4-(3-hydroxyphenyl)-6-methyl-2-thioxo-1,2,3,4-tetrahydropyrimidine-5-carboxylate : A member of the class of thioureas that is 3,4-dihydropyrimidine-2(1)-thione substituted by a 3-hydroxyphenyl group at position 4, an ethoxycarbonyl group at position 5, and a methyl group at position 6.	2.48	2	0	enoate ester; ethyl ester; phenols; racemate; thioureas	antileishmanial agent; antimitotic; antineoplastic agent; EC 3.5.1.5 (urease) inhibitor
fusidic acid Fusidic Acid: An antibiotic isolated from the fermentation broth of Fusidium coccineum. (From Merck Index, 11th ed). It acts by inhibiting translocation during protein synthesis.. fusidic acid : A steroid antibiotic that is isolated from the fermentation broth of Fusidium coccineum.	2.05	1	0	11alpha-hydroxy steroid; 3alpha-hydroxy steroid; alpha,beta-unsaturated monocarboxylic acid; steroid acid; steroid antibiotic; sterol ester	EC 2.7.1.33 (pantothenate kinase) inhibitor; Escherichia coli metabolite; protein synthesis inhibitor
hby 097 HBY 097: a quinoxaline derivative	1.99	1	0
nabam mancozeb: complex of zinc & maneb, containing 20% manganese & 2.5% zinc. mancozeb : A mixture composed from maneb and zineb, which is used as a broad-spectrum contact fungicide.. ethylenebis(dithiocarbamic acid) : A dithiocarbamic acid resulting from the formal addition of a molecule of carbon disulfide to each amino group of ethylenediamine.	2.41	2	0	dithiocarbamic acids
rhyncophylline rhyncophylline: an oxindole; RN given refers to (7beta,16E,20alpha)-isomer	2.52	2	0
valinomycin Valinomycin: A cyclododecadepsipeptide ionophore antibiotic produced by Streptomyces fulvissimus and related to the enniatins. It is composed of 3 moles each of L-valine, D-alpha-hydroxyisovaleric acid, D-valine, and L-lactic acid linked alternately to form a 36-membered ring. (From Merck Index, 11th ed) Valinomycin is a potassium selective ionophore and is commonly used as a tool in biochemical studies.. valinomycin : A twelve-membered cyclodepsipeptide composed of three repeating D-alpha-hydroxyisovaleryl-D-valyl-L-lactoyl-L-valyl units joined in sequence. An antibiotic found in several Streptomyces strains.	4.39	21	0	cyclodepsipeptide; macrocycle	antimicrobial agent; antiviral agent; bacterial metabolite; potassium ionophore
thiopental Thiopental: A barbiturate that is administered intravenously for the induction of general anesthesia or for the production of complete anesthesia of short duration.. thiopental : A barbiturate, the structure of which is that of 2-thiobarbituric acid substituted at C-5 by ethyl and sec-pentyl groups.	8.73	31	2	barbiturates	anticonvulsant; drug allergen; environmental contaminant; intravenous anaesthetic; sedative; xenobiotic
estrone sulfate estrone sulfate: sulfoconjugated estrone; RN given refers to parent cpd	2.8	3	0	17-oxo steroid; steroid sulfate	human metabolite; mouse metabolite
ranitidine Ranitidine: A non-imidazole blocker of those histamine receptors that mediate gastric secretion (H2 receptors). It is used to treat gastrointestinal ulcers.. ranitidine : A member of the class of furans used to treat peptic ulcer disease (PUD) and gastroesophageal reflux disease.	4.07	3	1	C-nitro compound; furans; organic sulfide; tertiary amino compound	anti-ulcer drug; drug allergen; environmental contaminant; H2-receptor antagonist; xenobiotic
hmr 3647 [no description available]	2.05	1	0
maraviroc [no description available]	2.07	1	0	tropane alkaloid
toremifene Toremifene: A first generation selective estrogen receptor modulator (SERM). Like TAMOXIFEN, it is an estrogen agonist for bone tissue and cholesterol metabolism but is antagonistic on mammary and uterine tissue.	2.71	3	0	aromatic ether; organochlorine compound; tertiary amine	antineoplastic agent; bone density conservation agent; estrogen antagonist; estrogen receptor modulator
u 0126 U 0126: protein kinase kinase inhibitor; structure in first source	4.17	16	0	aryl sulfide; dinitrile; enamine; substituted aniline	antineoplastic agent; antioxidant; apoptosis inducer; EC 2.7.11.24 (mitogen-activated protein kinase) inhibitor; osteogenesis regulator; vasoconstrictor agent
telaprevir [no description available]	2.46	2	0	cyclopentapyrrole; cyclopropanes; oligopeptide; pyrazines	antiviral drug; hepatitis C protease inhibitor; peptidomimetic
laccase Laccase: A copper-containing oxidoreductase enzyme that catalyzes the oxidation of 4-benzenediol to 4-benzosemiquinone. It also has activity towards a variety of O-quinols and P-quinols. It primarily found in FUNGI and is involved in LIGNIN degradation, pigment biosynthesis and detoxification of lignin-derived products.	7.5	2	0
pica Pica: The persistent eating of non-nutritive substances for a period of at least one month.	2.17	1	0
glycylproline Gly-Pro : A dipeptide consisting of L-proline having a glycyl residue attached to its alpha-amino group.	2.4	2	0	dipeptide zwitterion; dipeptide	metabolite
4-diphenylacetoxy-n-methylpiperidine methiodide 4-DAMP methiodide : A quaternary ammonium salt obtained by combining equimolar amounts of 4-diphenylacetoxy-N-methylpiperidine and iodomethane.	2.74	3	0	iodide salt; quaternary ammonium salt	cholinergic antagonist; muscarinic antagonist
oxalomalic acid oxalomalic acid: structure	2.07	1	0
6-methyl-2-(phenylethynyl)pyridine 6-methyl-2-(phenylethynyl)pyridine: an mGlu5 antagonist. 2-methyl-6-(phenylethynyl)pyridine : A methylpyridine that coinsists of 2-methylp[yridine bearing an additional phenylethynyl group at position 6. Potent and highly selective non-competitive antagonist at the mGlu5 receptor subtype (IC50 = 36 nM) and a positive allosteric modulator at mGlu4 receptors. Centrally active following systemic administration in vivo. Reverses mechanical hyperalgesia in the inflamed rat hind paw.	6.2	42	0	acetylenic compound; methylpyridines	anxiolytic drug; metabotropic glutamate receptor antagonist
lithium Lithium: An element in the alkali metals family. It has the atomic symbol Li, atomic number 3, and atomic weight [6.938; 6.997]. Salts of lithium are used in treating BIPOLAR DISORDER.	9.03	45	2	alkali metal atom
zineb Zineb: An agricultural fungicide of the dithiocarbamate class. It has relatively low toxicity and there is little evidence of human injury from exposure.. zineb : A polymeric complex of zinc with the ethylene bis(dithiocarbamate) anionic ligand. Formerly used as an agricultural fungicide for the control of downy mildews and rusts, its use is no longer permitted in the US or the EU.	2.41	2	0	dithiocarbamate salt; macromolecule; zinc coordination entity	antifungal agrochemical
alpha-sarcin alpha-sarcin: basic protein 150 aa, MW 16 kDa; isolated from aspergillus giganteus; sequence similarity with ribonucleases such as RIBONUCLEASE T1; 85% identity with restrictocin; a ribotoxin cleaving the phosphodiester bond on the 3' side of G4325 in the alpha-sarcin/ricin domain of rat 28S RIBOSOMAL RNA; sometimes called a ribosome-inactivating protein but falls outside the normal definition of plant RIP that de-adenylate rRNA	7.41	2	0
cobaltous chloride cobaltous chloride: RN given refers to unlabeled cpd; RN in Chemline for cobalt trichloride: 10241-04-0; RN for 60-labeled cpd: 14543-09-0; RN for 57-labeled cpd: 164113-89-1; RN for 58-labeled cpd: 29377-09-1; structure. cobalt dichloride : A cobalt salt in which the cobalt metal is in the +2 oxidation state and the counter-anion is chloride. It is used as an indicator for water in desiccants.	4.22	17	0	cobalt salt; inorganic chloride	allergen; calcium channel blocker; sensitiser; two-colour indicator
maneb Maneb: Manganese derivative of ethylenebisdithiocarbamate. It is used in agriculture as a fungicide and has been shown to cause irritation to the eyes, nose, skin, and throat.. maneb : A polymeric complex of manganese with the ethylene bis(dithiocarbamate) anionic ligand. An agrochemical fungicide, it is used to control a variety of diseases including blight, leaf spot, rust, downy mildew and scab.	2.41	2	0
thiouridine Thiouridine: A photoactivable URIDINE analog that is used as an affinity label.. 4-thiouridine : A thiouridine in which the oxygen replaced by sulfur is that at C-4.	1.96	1	0	nucleoside analogue; thiouridine	affinity label; antimetabolite
dermatan sulfate Dermatan Sulfate: A naturally occurring glycosaminoglycan found mostly in the skin and in connective tissue. It differs from CHONDROITIN SULFATE A (see CHONDROITIN SULFATES) by containing IDURONIC ACID in place of glucuronic acid, its epimer, at carbon atom 5. (from Merck, 12th ed). alpha-L-IdopA-(1->3)-beta-D-GalpNAc4S : An oligosaccharide sulfate that is 2-acetamido-2-deoxy-4-O-sulfo-beta-D-galactopyranose in which the hydroxy group at position 3 has been converted to the corresponding alpha-L-idopyranuronoside.. dermatan sulfate : Any of a group of glycosaminoglycans with repeating units consisting of variously sulfated beta1->4-linked L-iduronyl-(alpha1->3)-N-acetyl-D-galactosamine units.	2.03	1	0	amino disaccharide; glycosylgalactose derivative; iduronic acids; oligosaccharide sulfate
hydroxylysine Hydroxylysine: A hydroxylated derivative of the amino acid LYSINE that is present in certain collagens.. hydroxylysine : A hydroxy-amino acid in which the amino acid specified is lysine. A "closed" class.. erythro-5-hydroxy-L-lysine : A 5-hydroxylysine consisting of L-lysine having an (R)-hydroxy group at the 5-position.. 5-hydroxylysine : A hydroxylysine that is lysine substituted by a hydroxy group at position 5.	3.48	2	0	5-hydroxylysine; hydroxy-L-lysine	human metabolite
droloxifene [no description available]	2.05	1	0	stilbenoid
raclopride Raclopride: A substituted benzamide that has antipsychotic properties. It is a dopamine D2 receptor (see RECEPTORS, DOPAMINE D2) antagonist.	5.75	20	1	salicylamides
dolasetron [no description available]	1.98	1	0	indolyl carboxylic acid
or 1259 [no description available]	2.05	1	0	hydrazone; nitrile; pyridazinone	anti-arrhythmia drug; cardiotonic drug; EC 3.1.4.17 (3',5'-cyclic-nucleotide phosphodiesterase) inhibitor; vasodilator agent
gestodene Gestodene: synthetic steroid with progestational activity; RN given refers to (17alpha)-isomer	2.05	1	0	steroid	estrogen
orlistat Orlistat: A lactone derivative of LEUCINE that acts as a pancreatic lipase inhibitor to limit the absorption of dietary fat; it is used in the management of obesity.. orlistat : A carboxylic ester resulting from the formal condensation of the carboxy group of N-formyl-L-leucine with the hydroxy group of (3S,4S)-3-hexyl-4-[(2S)-2-hydroxytridecyl]oxetan-2-one. A pancreatic lipase inhibitor, it is used as an anti-obesity drug.	2.77	3	0	beta-lactone; carboxylic ester; formamides; L-leucine derivative	anti-obesity agent; bacterial metabolite; EC 2.3.1.85 (fatty acid synthase) inhibitor; EC 3.1.1.3 (triacylglycerol lipase) inhibitor
idoxifene idoxifene: structure given in first source	2.05	1	0	stilbenoid
quinine [no description available]	3.4	7	0	cinchona alkaloid	antimalarial; muscle relaxant; non-narcotic analgesic
1,2-bis(2-aminophenoxy)ethane n,n,n',n'-tetraacetic acid acetoxymethyl ester [no description available]	4.94	36	0
((5,6-dichloro-2,3,9,9a-tetrahydro-3-oxo-9a-propyl-1h-fluoren-7-yl)oxy)acetic acid L 644711: RN given refers to (R)-isomer; structure given in first source; HCO3(-)/Cl(-) antiporter antagonist	3.09	5	0
rtki cpd RTKI cpd: preferentially inhibits human glioma cells expressing truncated rather than wild-type epidermal growth factor receptors	2.42	2	0
9-diazomethylanthracene 9-diazomethylanthracene: RN & N1 from 9th CI Form Index	2	1	0
tryptophan tryptophylquinone tryptophan tryptophylquinone: prosthetic group of the quinoprotein methylamine dehydrogenase; structure given in first source	2.94	4	0
amibegron [no description available]	2.07	1	0	monocarboxylic acid
mdl 100453 4-oxo-5-phosphononorvaline: structure given in first source; competitive glutamate antagonist at the NMDA receptor complex; RN given refers to (R)-isomer	1.97	1	0
thiokynurenate thiokynurenate: antagonist at the glycine site modulating NMDA receptor-mediated responses in the central nervous system	2.39	2	0
7-chloro-thiokynurenate 7-chlorothiokynurenic acid: glycine site antagonist of NMDA receptor	2.42	2	0
4-phenyl-1-(4-phenylbutyl)piperidine 4-phenyl-1-(4-phenylbutyl)piperidine: a potent ligand for sigma receptors; structure given in first source	2.1	1	0	piperidines
2-((4-bromo-2,3-dioxobutyl)thio)-1,n(6)-ethenoadenosine 2',5'-bisphosphate 2-((4-bromo-2,3-dioxobutyl)thio)-1,N(6)-ethenoadenosine 2',5'-bisphosphate: structure given in first source	2.38	2	0
8-bromoguanosino-3',5'-cyclic monophosphorothioate [no description available]	2.02	1	0
4-(1h-imidazol-4-ylmethyl)piperidine 4-(1H-imidazol-4-ylmethyl)piperidine: structure in first source	2	1	0	piperidines
n(alpha)-(4-amino-4-deoxy-n(10)--methylpteroyl-n(epsilon)-4'-fluoresceinthiocarbamoyl)-l-lysine trihydrate fluoresceinated methotrexate: inhibits tetrahydrofolate dehydrogenase; fluorescent dihydrofolate reductase probe for studies of methotrexate resistance; structure given in first source	2.39	2	0
thioperamide thioperamide: structure given in first source; histamine H3 receptor antagonist	3.52	8	0	primary aliphatic amine
arg-(3-hyp-5-thi-7-tic-9-oic)-9-desarg-bradykinin HOE 140, desArg(10)-: a potent B1 bradykinin antagonist	2.05	1	0
cystine [no description available]	13.35	191	1
u-50488 3,4-Dichloro-N-methyl-N-(2-(1-pyrrolidinyl)-cyclohexyl)-benzeneacetamide, (trans)-Isomer: A non-peptide, kappa-opioid receptor agonist which has also been found to stimulate the release of adrenocorticotropin (ADRENOCORTICOTROPIC HORMONE) via the release of hypothalamic arginine vasopressin (ARGININE VASOPRESSIN) and CORTICOTROPIN-RELEASING HORMONE. (From J Pharmacol Exp Ther 1997;280(1):416-21). U50488 : A monocarboxylic acid amide obtained by formal condensation between the carboxy group of 3,4-dichlorophenylacetic acid and the secondary amino group of (1R,2R)-N-methyl-2-(pyrrolidin-1-yl)cyclohexanamine	4.53	9	0	dichlorobenzene; monocarboxylic acid amide; N-alkylpyrrolidine	analgesic; antitussive; calcium channel blocker; diuretic; kappa-opioid receptor agonist
pc 12 ester PC 12 ester: a prodrug mixed inhibitor of enkephalin-degrading enzymes	2.02	1	0
sch 23390 SCH 23390: a selective D1-receptor antagonist. SCH 23390 : A benzazepine that is 2,3,4,5-tetrahydro-3-benzazepine bearing a phenyl substituent at position 1, a methyl substituent at position 3, a chloro substituent at position 7 and a hydroxy substituent at position 8.	4.53	22	0	benzazepine
isobutyryl-coenzyme a [no description available]	2.1	1	0	methyl-branched fatty acyl-CoA; short-chain fatty acyl-CoA	human metabolite; mouse metabolite
chaetomellic acid a chaetomellic acid A: structure given in first source; an inhibitor of farnesyl-protein transferase	2.06	1	0
hirsutine [no description available]	2.43	2	0
dimemorfan dimemorfan: RN given refers to parent cpd without isomeric designation; synonym At 17 refers to phosphate[1:1] salt; structure	2.04	1	0	morphinane alkaloid
irampanel irampanel: structure in first source	2.4	2	0
bp 897 BP 897: a dopamine D3 receptor agonist; structure in first source	2.08	1	0	naphthalenecarboxamide
anfen [no description available]	1.98	1	0
rasagiline [no description available]	2.96	4	0	indanes; secondary amine; terminal acetylenic compound	EC 1.4.3.4 (monoamine oxidase) inhibitor; neuroprotective agent
robalzotan robalzotan: structure given in first source	2.05	1	0
safingol safingol: RN given refers to the (R-(R,S))-isomer	2.31	1	0	amino alcohol
dasatinib N-(2-chloro-6-methylphenyl)-2-((6-(4-(2-hydroxyethyl)piperazin-1-yl)-2-methylpyrimidin-4-yl)amino)-1,3-thiazole-5-carboxamide: a dasatinib prodrug; structure in first source. dasatinib (anhydrous) : An aminopyrimidine that is 2-methylpyrimidine which is substituted at position 4 by the primary amino group of 2-amino-1,3-thiazole-5-carboxylic acid and at position 6 by a 4-(2-hydroxyethyl)piperazin-1-yl group, and in which the carboxylic acid group has been formally condensed with 2-chloro-6-methylaniline to afford the corresponding amide. A multi-targeted kinase inhibitor, it is used, particularly as the monohydrate, for the treatment of chronic, accelerated, or myeloid or lymphoid blast phase chronic myeloid leukemia. Note that the name 'dasatinib' is used to refer to the monohydrate (USAN) as well as to anhydrous dasatinib (INN).	2.07	1	0	1,3-thiazoles; aminopyrimidine; monocarboxylic acid amide; N-(2-hydroxyethyl)piperazine; N-arylpiperazine; organochlorine compound; secondary amino compound; tertiary amino compound	anticoronaviral agent; antineoplastic agent; tyrosine kinase inhibitor
ly 303070 GYKI 53784: a 2,3-benzodiazepine cpd	2.7	3	0
neboglamine neboglamine: potential memory enhancer	1.99	1	0
homoquinolinic acid homoquinolinic acid: structure given in first source	3.26	6	0
2-oxindole-3-acetic acid 2-oxindole-3-acetic acid: personal communication from searcher Ellen V. Todd Alabama Center 1/72. 2-oxindole-3-acetic acid : A member of the class of oxindoles that is 2-oxindole carrying a carboxymethyl substituent at position 3.	2.31	1	0	indole-3-acetic acids; monocarboxylic acid; oxindoles	plant metabolite
oxalylglycine oxalylglycine: structure given in first source. N-oxalylglycine : An amino dicarboxylic acid that is iminodiacetic acid with an oxo substituent. It is used as an inhibitor of alpha-ketoglutarate dependent (EC 1.14.11.*) enzymes.	2.79	3	0	amino dicarboxylic acid; N-acylglycine	EC 1.14.11.* (oxidoreductase acting on paired donors, 2-oxoglutarate as one donor, incorporating 1 atom each of oxygen into both donors) inhibitor
1,2-dihexanoylphosphatidylethanolamine [no description available]	2	1	0
pelargonidin-3-glucoside pelargonidin-3-glucoside: structure given in first source; RN given for chloride salt; RN for parent cpd not available 1/93. pelargonidin 3-O-beta-D-glucoside chloride : A member of the class of anthocyanin chlorides that has pelargonidin 3-O-beta-D-glucoside as the cationic counterpart.	2.15	1	0	anthocyanin chlorides
glycyl-prolyl-glutamic acid glycyl-prolyl-glutamic acid: N-terminal cleavage product of IGF-1; has neuroprotective activity	3.11	5	0	oligopeptide
4-amino-4-deoxyarabinose [no description available]	2.42	2	0
oxytocin, thr(4)-gly(7)- oxytocin, Thr(4)-Gly(7)-: RN given refers to parent cpd	1.99	1	0
2-(2-benzofuranyl)-2-imidazoline 2-(2-benzofuranyl)-2-imidazoline: structure given in first source	2.05	1	0	benzofurans
n(4)-chloroacetylcytosine arabinoside [no description available]	2.01	1	0
7-deoxy-13-dihydroadriamycinone 7-deoxy-13-dihydroadriamycinone: a metabolite of epidoxorubicin	2.02	1	0
n-(3-iodo-4-azidophenylpropionamido)-s-(2-thiopyridyl)cysteine N-(3-iodo-4-azidophenylpropionamido)-S-(2-thiopyridyl)cysteine: structure given in first source	2.06	1	0
zd 6474 CH 331: structure in first source	2.05	1	0	aromatic ether; organobromine compound; organofluorine compound; piperidines; quinazolines; secondary amine	antineoplastic agent; tyrosine kinase inhibitor
glutaryl-coenzyme a [no description available]	2.94	4	0	glutaryl-CoAs	mouse metabolite
fructosyl-glycine [no description available]	2.01	1	0	fructosamine; glycine derivative; glyco-amino acid	human metabolite
calixarenes Calixarenes: Phenolic metacyclophanes derived from condensation of PHENOLS and ALDEHYDES. The name derives from the vase-like molecular structures. A bracketed [n] indicates the number of aromatic rings.. calixarenes : Originally macrocyclic compounds capable of assuming a basket (or "calix") shaped conformation. They are formed from p-hydrocarbyl phenols and formaldehyde. The term now applies to a variety of derivatives by substitution of the hydrocarbon cyclo{oligo[(1,3-phenylene)methylene]}.. calixarene : A macrocycle composed of 1,3-phenylene groups linked by methylene groups. The number of 1,3-phenylene units in the macrocycle is denoted by the "n" in calix[n]arene name.	3.2	5	0
phosphoribosylamine [no description available]	1.96	1	0	ribose monophosphate; ribosylamine
n-(ethoxycarbonylmethyl)-6-methoxyquinolinium [no description available]	2.02	1	0
gdpflrfamide GDPFLRFamide: encoded by an exon 3' to Phe-Met-Arg-Phe-NH2 in the snail Lymnaea stagnalis	1.99	1	0
acetyldithio-coenzyme a acetyldithio-coenzyme A: RN given in first source	2.02	1	0
18-crown-6 2,3,11,12-tetracarboxylic acid 18-crown-6 2,3,11,12-tetracarboxylic acid: structure in first source; RN given for (2R,3R,11,12)-isomer	2.03	1	0
4-bromohomoibotenic acid 4-bromohomoibotenic acid: structure given in first source; RN given refers to (R)-isomer; RN for cpd without isomeric designation not available 11/89	2.68	3	0
allatostatin 1 allatostatin 1: inhibits juvenile hormone synthesis; from reproductively active females	2.73	3	0
acarviosine acarviosine: structure given in first source; the core of acarbose; RN refers to the (R(-))-isomer	1.99	1	0	amino cyclitol; glycoside
noribogaine noribogaine: structure given in first source. noribogaine : An organic heteropentacyclic compound that is ibogamine in which the indole hydrogen para to the indole nitrogen has been replaced by a hydroxy group. It is the primary (and long-lived) metabolite of ibogaine, the psychoactive indole alkaloid found in the African rainforest shrub Tabernanthe iboga.	2.02	1	0	monoterpenoid indole alkaloid; organic heteropentacyclic compound; secondary amino compound; tertiary amino compound	kappa-opioid receptor agonist; NMDA receptor antagonist; psychotropic drug; serotonin uptake inhibitor
amanitins Amanitins: Cyclic peptides extracted from carpophores of various mushroom species. They are potent inhibitors of RNA polymerases in most eukaryotic species, blocking the production of mRNA and protein synthesis. These peptides are important in the study of transcription. Alpha-amanitin is the main toxin from the species Amanitia phalloides, poisonous if ingested by humans or animals.	2.43	2	0
cytellin cytellin: a phytosterol preparation of mainly B-sitosterol, that was marketed by Eli Lilly to lower cholesterol 1957 to 1982	2.44	2	0
ginsenosides ginsenoside : Triterpenoid saponins with a dammarane-like skeleton originally isolated from ginseng (Panax) species. Use of the term has been extended to include semi-synthetic derivatives.	9.79	30	0
2-(4-(2-carboxyethyl)phenethylamino)-5'-n-ethylcarboxamidoadenosine 2-(4-(2-carboxyethyl)phenethylamino)-5'-N-ethylcarboxamidoadenosine: A2 adenosine receptor agonist; structure given in first source. CGS-21680 : A derivative of adenosine in which the 5'-hydroxymethyl group is replaced by N-ethylcarboxamido and the hydrogen at position 2 on the adenine is replaced by a 4-(2-carboxyethyl)phenethylamino group.	6.12	29	1	adenosines; dicarboxylic acid monoamide; monocarboxylic acid	adenosine A2A receptor agonist; anti-inflammatory agent
silybin [no description available]	2.05	1	0
1,4-benzothiazine [no description available]	2.15	1	0
compound 968 compound 968: a glutaminase inhibitor. 5-[3-bromo-4-(dimethylamino)phenyl]-2,2-dimethyl-2,3,5,6-tetrahydrobenzo[a]phenanthridin-4(1H)-one : A partially hydrogenated benzophenanthridine carrying an oxo group at C-4, geminal methyl groups at C-2 and a 3-bromo-4-(dimethylamino)phenyl group at C-5.	2.11	1	0	benzophenanthridine	EC 3.5.1.2 (glutaminase) inhibitor
4-methylglutamic acid, threo-(l)-isomer [no description available]	3.5	2	0
phosphothreonine Phosphothreonine: The phosphoric acid ester of threonine. Used as an identifier in the analysis of peptides, proteins, and enzymes.. O-phospho-L-threonine : A L-threonine derivative phosphorylated at the side-chain hydroxy function.	3.38	7	0	L-threonine derivative; non-proteinogenic L-alpha-amino acid; O-phosphoamino acid	Escherichia coli metabolite
sb 258585 SB 258585: is a high affinity ligand at 5-HT(6) receptors; structure in first source	2.17	1	0	piperazines
4-(4,5-diphenyl-1h-imidazol-2-yl)phenylboronic acid 4-(4,5-diphenyl-1H-imidazol-2-yl)phenylboronic acid: structure in first source	2.17	1	0
poly(sodium vinyl sulfonate) lyapolate: sulfonic acid polymers represent a new class of HIV inhibitors	2.13	1	0
2,3-dioxo-6-nitro-7-sulfamoylbenzo(f)quinoxaline 2,3-dioxo-6-nitro-7-sulfamoylbenzo(f)quinoxaline: structure given in first source; neuroprotectant for cerebral ischemia; AMPA receptor antagonist	9.28	228	0	naphthalenes; sulfonic acid derivative
ovalbumin Ovalbumin: An albumin obtained from the white of eggs. It is a member of the serpin superfamily.	3.26	6	0
4-nitrophenylhydrazine 4-nitrophenylhydrazine: reagent for ketones, aliphatic aldehydes; RN given refers to parent cpd; structure. 4-nitrophenylhydrazine : A member of the class of phenylhydrazines that is phenylhydrazine substituted at the 4-position by a nitro group.	1.99	1	0	C-nitro compound; phenylhydrazines	mutagen
3,4-dicarboxyphenylglycine 3,4-dicarboxyphenylglycine: structure in first source	3.41	7	0
cx717 CX717: structure in first source	2.25	1	0
4-aminopyrrolidine-2,4-dicarboxylic acid 4-aminopyrrolidine-2,4-dicarboxylic acid: an antinociceptive agent and metabotropic glutamate receptor agonist; structure given in first source	3.8	11	0
sodium dodecyl sulfate Sodium Dodecyl Sulfate: An anionic surfactant, usually a mixture of sodium alkyl sulfates, mainly the lauryl; lowers surface tension of aqueous solutions; used as fat emulsifier, wetting agent, detergent in cosmetics, pharmaceuticals and toothpastes; also as research tool in protein biochemistry.. sodium dodecyl sulfate : An organic sodium salt that is the sodium salt of dodecyl hydrogen sulfate.	4.31	19	0	organic sodium salt	detergent; protein denaturant
crocin crocin: a free radical scavenger	2.42	2	0
valyl-leucyl-lysine 4-nitroanilide valyl-leucyl-lysine 4-nitroanilide: chromogenic substrate of plasmin; H-D-Val-Leu-Lys- 4-nitroaniline	1.96	1	0
ncs 382 NCS 382: structure given in first source	2.41	2	0
mtt formazan MTT formazan: a blue MEM-insoluble mitochondrial byproduct; used to determine viability of cells with active mitochondrial dehydrogenase enzymes	2.71	3	0
chloramine-t chloramine-T: RN given refers to unlabeled parent cpd. chloramine T : An organic sodium salt derivative of toluene-4-sulfonamide with a chloro substituent in place of an amino hydrogen.	2.05	1	0	organic sodium salt	allergen; antifouling biocide; disinfectant
sb 242084 6-chloro-5-methyl-1-((2-(2-methylpyrid-3-yloxy)pyrid-5-yl)carbamoyl)indoline: 5-HT(2C) receptor inverse agonist (antagonist); structure in first source	2.48	2	0
pd 168,077 N-((4-(2-cyanophenyl)-1-piperazinyl)methyl)-3-methylbenzamide: a D4 dopamine receptor agonist	2.1	1	0	piperazines
2-chloro-5-hydroxyphenylglycine 2-chloro-5-hydroxyphenylglycine: activates mGlu(5) receptors; structure in first source	4.28	18	0
l 663536 MK-886: orally active leukotriene biosynthesis inhibitor. 3-[3-(tert-butylsulfanyl)-1-(4-chlorobenzyl)-5-(propan-2-yl)-1H-indol-2-yl]-2,2-dimethylpropanoic acid : A member of the class of indoles that is 1H-indole substituted by a isopropyl group at position 5, a tert-butylsulfanediyl group at position 3, a 4-chlorobenzyl group at position 1 and a 2-carboxy-2-methylpropyl group at position 2. It acts as an inhibitor of arachidonate 5-lipoxygenase.	2.03	1	0	aryl sulfide; indoles; monocarboxylic acid; monochlorobenzenes	antineoplastic agent; EC 1.13.11.34 (arachidonate 5-lipoxygenase) inhibitor; leukotriene antagonist
6-cyano-7-nitroquinoxaline-2,3-dione 6-Cyano-7-nitroquinoxaline-2,3-dione: A potent excitatory amino acid antagonist with a preference for non-NMDA iontropic receptors. It is used primarily as a research tool.	11.38	558	0	quinoxaline derivative
l 152804 L 152804: structure in first source	2.01	1	0	xanthenes
2,4-dinitrophenylhydrazine 2,4-dinitrophenylhydrazine: structure. 2,4-dinitrophenylhydrazine : A C-nitro compound that is phenylhydrazine substituted at the 2- and 4-positions by nitro groups.	2.43	2	0	C-nitro compound; phenylhydrazines	reagent
zinc protoporphyrin ix [no description available]	2.39	2	0
ocotillol ocotillol: cardioprotective agent; structure in first source	2.06	1	0
fg 9041 FG 9041: structure given in first source	8.51	177	0	quinoxaline derivative
methylserine phosphate [no description available]	2	1	0
cp 94253 [no description available]	2.08	1	0	pyrrolopyridine
vu0155094 VU0155094: a positive allosteric modulator of metabotropic glutamate receptor 7; structure in first source	2.1	1	0
alpha-chymotrypsin Chymotrypsin: A serine endopeptidase secreted by the pancreas as its zymogen, CHYMOTRYPSINOGEN and carried in the pancreatic juice to the duodenum where it is activated by TRYPSIN. It selectively cleaves aromatic amino acids on the carboxyl side.	4.24	18	0
ferrostatin-1 ferrostatin-1: inhibits ferroptosis, an iron-dependent form of nonapoptotic cell death; structure in first source. ferrostatin-1 : An ethyl ester resulting from the formal condensation of the carboxy group of 3-amino-4-(cyclohexylamino)benzoic acid with ethanol. It is a potent inhibitor of ferroptosis, a distinct non-apoptotic form of cell death caused by lipid peroxidation. It is also a radical-trapping antioxidant and has the ability to reduce the accumulation of lipid peroxides and chain-carrying peroxyl radicals.	2.81	3	0	ethyl ester; primary arylamine; substituted aniline	antifungal agent; antioxidant; ferroptosis inhibitor; neuroprotective agent; radiation protective agent; radical scavenger
sew2871 SEW2871: structure in first source	2.03	1	0	oxadiazole; ring assembly
tetramethylrhodamine isothiocyanate tetramethylrhodamine isothiocyanate: used for labeling of antibodies with fluorochromes; easily dissolved with DMSO; conjugates with immunoglobulins	2	1	0
2-amino-3-phenylmethoxybutanedioic acid [no description available]	2.76	3	0	aspartic acid derivative
n-biotinylaminoethyl methanethiosulfonate [no description available]	2.02	1	0
sb 415286 3-(3-chloro-4-hydroxyphenylamino)-4-(4-nitrophenyl)-1H-pyrrole-2,5-dione: a glycogen synthase kinase-3 inhibitor; structure in first source	2.01	1	0	C-nitro compound; maleimides; monochlorobenzenes; phenols; secondary amino compound; substituted aniline	antioxidant; apoptosis inducer; EC 2.7.11.26 (tau-protein kinase) inhibitor; neuroprotective agent
naphthoquinones Naphthoquinones: Naphthalene rings which contain two ketone moieties in any position. They can be substituted in any position except at the ketone groups.	3.71	10	0
d 609 [no description available]	1.99	1	0
4-(5-(4-bromophenyl)-3-(6-methyl-2-oxo-4-phenyl-1,2-dihydroquinolin-3-yl)-4,5-dihydro-1h-pyrazol-1-yl)-4-oxobutanoic acid 4-(5-(4-bromophenyl)-3-(6-methyl-2-oxo-4-phenyl-1,2-dihydroquinolin-3-yl)-4,5-dihydro-1H-pyrazol-1-yl)-4-oxobutanoic acid: structure in first source	2.06	1	0
2',3'-dialdehyde atp 2',3'-dialdehyde ATP: RN given refers to (R-(R,R))-isomer; OATP also stands for organic anion-transporting polypeptides	2.05	1	0
jhw 015 [no description available]	3.27	1	0	indolecarboxamide
gr 103691 GR 103691: dopamine D3 receptor antagonist	2.21	1	0	aromatic ketone
am 281 AM 281: radioligand for cannabinoid CB1 receptors; structure in first source	2.47	2	0	pyrazoles; ring assembly
am 630 iodopravadoline: an aminoalkylindole; a competitive cannabinoid receptor antagonist; structure given in first source	4.12	4	0	N-acylindole
sc 560 SC560 : A member of the class of pyrazoles that is 1H-pyrazole which is substituted at positions 1, 3 and 5 by 4-methoxyphenyl, trifluoromethyl and 4-chlorophenyl groups, respectively. Unlike many members of the diaryl heterocycle class of cyclooxygenase (COX) inhibitors, SC-560 is selective for COX-1.	2.01	1	0	aromatic ether; monochlorobenzenes; organofluorine compound; pyrazoles	angiogenesis modulating agent; antineoplastic agent; apoptosis inducer; cyclooxygenase 1 inhibitor; non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug
sodium borohydride sodium borohydride: RN given refers to parent cpd	3.23	6	0	inorganic sodium salt; metal tetrahydridoborate
sb 408124 SB 408124: a hypocretin receptor type 1 (HcrtR1) antagonist	2.77	3	0	organohalogen compound; quinolines
6-hydroxy-fad 6-hydroxy-FAD : Flavin-adenine dinucleotide (FAD) in which the hydrogen at position 6 of the benzo[g]pteridinedione moiety is substituted by a hydroxy group.	1.98	1	0
citramalate citramalate: RN given refers to cpd without isomeric designation. citramalate(2-) : A dicarboxylic acid dianion that is obtained by removal of a proton from both of the carboxylic acid groups of citramalic acid.	1.94	1	0	dicarboxylic acid dianion	human metabolite; plant metabolite
cfm 2 CFM 2: structure in first source	2.03	1	0	benzodiazepine
kojibiose [no description available]	2.1	1	0
3-(2-hydroxy-4-(1,1-dimethylheptyl)phenyl)-4-(3-hydroxypropyl)cyclohexanol 3-(2-hydroxy-4-(1,1-dimethylheptyl)phenyl)-4-(3-hydroxypropyl)cyclohexanol: (-)-CP-55,940 and (+)-CP-56,667 are enantiomers; RN refers to CP-55,940	4.12	15	0	alkylbenzene; ring assembly
5-nitro-6,7,8,9-tetrahydrobenzo(g)indole-2,3-dione-3-oxime 5-nitro-6,7,8,9-tetrahydrobenzo(G)indole-2,3-dione-3-oxime: a non-NMDA receptor antagonist; shows selective displacement of low-affinity kainate binding; structure given in first source	1.99	1	0
flosequinan [no description available]	2.05	1	0	quinolines
4-(5-benzo(1,3)dioxol-5-yl-4-pyridin-2-yl-1h-imidazol-2-yl)benzamide 4-(5-benzo(1,3)dioxol-5-yl-4-pyridin-2-yl-1H-imidazol-2-yl)benzamide: a TGF-beta type I receptor kinase activity inhibitor	2.45	2	0	benzamides; benzodioxoles; imidazoles; pyridines	EC 2.7.10.1 (receptor protein-tyrosine kinase) inhibitor
rhodamine 123 Rhodamine 123: A fluorescent probe with low toxicity which is a potent substrate for ATP BINDING CASSETTE TRANSPORTER, SUBFAMILY B, MEMBER 1 and the bacterial multidrug efflux transporter. It is used to assess mitochondrial bioenergetics in living cells and to measure the efflux activity of ATP BINDING CASSETTE TRANSPORTER, SUBFAMILY B, MEMBER 1 in both normal and malignant cells. (Leukemia 1997;11(7):1124-30). rhodamine 123(1+) : A cationic fluorescent dye derived from 9-phenylxanthene.	3.87	12	0	organic cation; xanthene dye	fluorochrome
ly 367265 LY 367265: a 5-hydroxytryptamine transporter inhibitor; a 5-HT(2A) receptor antagonist; structure in first source. LY-367,265 : A fluoroindole that is 1H-indole in which the hydrogens at positions 3 and 6 are replaced by 1-[2-(2,2-dioxo-5,6-dihydro-4H-2lambda(6)-[1,2,5]thiadiazolo[4,3,2-ij]quinolin-1(2H)-yl)ethyl]-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridin-4-yl and fluoro groups, respectively. It is an inhibitor of the 5-hydroxytryptamine transporter (Ki = 2.3 nM) and an antagonist of 5-hydroxytryptamine(2A) receptor (Ki = 0.81 nM).	2.02	1	0	dihydropyridine; fluoroindole; tertiary amino compound; thiadiazoloquinoline	antidepressant; geroprotector; serotonergic antagonist; serotonin uptake inhibitor
tolcapone Tolcapone: A benzophenone and nitrophenol compound that acts as an inhibitor of CATECHOL O-METHYLTRANSFERASE, an enzyme involved in the metabolism of DOPAMINE and LEVODOPA. It is used in the treatment of PARKINSON DISEASE in patients for whom levodopa is ineffective or contraindicated.. tolcapone : Benzophenone substituted on one of the phenyl rings at C-3 and C-4 by hydroxy groups and at C-5 by a nitro group, and on the other phenyl ring by a methyl group at C-4. It is an inhibitor of catechol O-methyltransferase.	2.05	1	0	2-nitrophenols; benzophenones; catechols	antiparkinson drug; EC 2.1.1.6 (catechol O-methyltransferase) inhibitor
myelin basic protein Myelin Basic Protein: An abundant cytosolic protein that plays a critical role in the structure of multilamellar myelin. Myelin basic protein binds to the cytosolic sides of myelin cell membranes and causes a tight adhesion between opposing cell membranes.	4.45	21	0
tcn 201 [no description available]	3.02	4	0
jnj 7777120 1-((5-chloro-1H-indol-2-yl)carbonyl)-4-methylpiperazine: an H4 receptor antagonist; structure in first source	3.27	1	0
cgp 7930 2,6-di-tert-butyl-4-(3-hydroxy-2,2-dimethylpropyl)phenol: structure in first source	2.04	1	0	alkylbenzene
pyrroloquinoline pyrroloquinoline: check to see if actually PYRROLOQUINOLINE QUINONE (PQQ COFACTOR)	2.08	1	0
pyrrolidine-3,4-dicarboxylic acid [no description available]	3.1	5	0
ro 60-0175 Ro 60-0175: a 5HT 2C receptor agonist. 1-(6-chloro-5-fluoroindol-1-yl)-propan-2-amine : A member of the class of indoles that is 6-chloro-5-fluoroindole in which the hydrogen attached to the nitrogen has been replaced by a 2-aminopropyl group.	2.05	1	0	indoles; organochlorine compound; organofluorine compound; primary amino compound
sib 1757 SIB 1757: a selective mGluR5 antagonist; structure in first source	3.1	1	0
tetrathiomolybdate tetrathiomolybdate: RN given refers to (MoS4)-2; chelates copper; inhibits CopB copper ATPase and cytokine proteins important for angiogenesis; structure	2.1	1	0
methanethiosulfonate methanethiosulfonate: used for measurement of rhodanese activity; RN given refers to parent cpd	2.93	4	0
diethyl maleate diethyl maleate : A maleate ester resulting from the formal condensation of both carboxy groups of maleic acid with ethanol. A colourless liquid at room temperature (m.p. -10degreeC) with boiling point 220degreeC at 1 atm., it is commonly used as a dienophile for Diels-Alder-type cycloaddition reactions in organic synthesis.	3.6	9	0	ethyl ester; maleate ester	glutathione depleting agent
gallocatechin-3-gallate gallocatechin gallate: structure in first source. (+)-gallocatechin gallate : A gallate ester obtained by formal condensation of the carboxy group of gallic acid with the (3S)-hydroxy group of (+)-gallocatechin.	2.31	1	0	catechin; gallate ester; polyphenol	plant metabolite
ku 55933 2-morpholin-4-yl-6-thianthren-1-yl-pyran-4-one: specific inhibitor of the ataxia-telangiectasia mutated kinase ATM; structure in first source	2.21	1	0
sphingosine sphing-4-enine : A sphingenine in which the C=C double bond is located at the 4-position.. sphingenine : A 2-aminooctadecene-1,3-diol having (2S,3R)-configuration.. sphingoid : Sphinganine, its homologs and stereoisomers, and the hydroxy and unsaturated derivatives of these compounds.. 2-aminooctadec-4-ene-1,3-diol : A 2-aminooctadecene-1,3-diol having its double bond at position 4.	4.62	26	0	sphing-4-enine	human metabolite; mouse metabolite
quercetin [no description available]	10.47	19	0	7-hydroxyflavonol; pentahydroxyflavone	antibacterial agent; antineoplastic agent; antioxidant; Aurora kinase inhibitor; chelator; EC 1.10.99.2 [ribosyldihydronicotinamide dehydrogenase (quinone)] inhibitor; geroprotector; phytoestrogen; plant metabolite; protein kinase inhibitor; radical scavenger
bilirubin [no description available]	5.84	29	0	biladienes; dicarboxylic acid	antioxidant; human metabolite; mouse metabolite
dinoprostone prostaglandin E2 : Prostaglandin F2alpha in which the hydroxy group at position 9 has been oxidised to the corresponding ketone. Prostaglandin E2 is the most common and most biologically potent of mammalian prostaglandins.	12.12	79	3	prostaglandins E	human metabolite; mouse metabolite; oxytocic
dinoprost Dinoprost: A naturally occurring prostaglandin that has oxytocic, luteolytic, and abortifacient activities. Due to its vasocontractile properties, the compound has a variety of other biological actions.. prostaglandin F2alpha : A prostaglandins Falpha that is prosta-5,13-dien-1-oic acid substituted by hydroxy groups at positions 9, 11 and 15. It is a naturally occurring prostaglandin used to induce labor.	4.09	15	0	monocarboxylic acid; prostaglandins Falpha	human metabolite; mouse metabolite
biochanin a [no description available]	2.08	1	0	4'-methoxyisoflavones; 7-hydroxyisoflavones	antineoplastic agent; EC 3.5.1.99 (fatty acid amide hydrolase) inhibitor; phytoestrogen; plant metabolite; tyrosine kinase inhibitor
formononetin [no description available]	2.11	1	0	4'-methoxyisoflavones; 7-hydroxyisoflavones	phytoestrogen; plant metabolite
leukotriene a4 Leukotriene A4: (2S-(2 alpha,3 beta(1E,3E,5Z,8Z)))-3-(1,3,5,8-Tetradecatetraenyl)oxiranebutanoic acid. An unstable allylic epoxide, formed from the immediate precursor 5-HPETE via the stereospecific removal of a proton at C-10 and dehydration. Its biological actions are determined primarily by its metabolites, i.e., LEUKOTRIENE B4 and cysteinyl-leukotrienes. Alternatively, leukotriene A4 is converted into LEUKOTRIENE C4 by glutathione-S-transferase or into 5,6-di-HETE by the epoxide-hydrolase. (From Dictionary of Prostaglandins and Related Compounds, 1990). leukotriene A4 : A leukotriene that is the (5S,6S)-epoxy derivative of (7E,9E,11Z,14Z)-icosa-7,9,11,14-tetraenoic acid.	2.4	2	0	epoxy fatty acid; leukotriene; long-chain fatty acid; oxylipin; polyunsaturated fatty acid	human metabolite; mouse metabolite; plant metabolite
arachidonyltrifluoromethane arachidonyltrifluoromethane: structure given in first source; inhibits 85-kDa phospholipase A2. AACOCF3 : A fatty acid derivative that is arachidonic acid in which the OH part of the carboxy group has been replaced by a trifluoromethyl group	3.62	3	0	fatty acid derivative; ketone; olefinic compound; organofluorine compound	EC 3.1.1.4 (phospholipase A2) inhibitor
vitexin [no description available]	2.55	2	0	C-glycosyl compound; trihydroxyflavone	antineoplastic agent; EC 3.2.1.20 (alpha-glucosidase) inhibitor; plant metabolite; platelet aggregation inhibitor
acacetin 5,7-dihydroxy-4'-methoxyflavone : A monomethoxyflavone that is the 4'-methyl ether derivative of apigenin.	2.1	1	0	dihydroxyflavone; monomethoxyflavone	anticonvulsant; plant metabolite
apigenin Chamomile: Common name for several daisy-like plants (MATRICARIA; TRIPLEUROSPERMUM; ANTHEMIS; CHAMAEMELUM) native to Europe and Western Asia, now naturalized in the United States and Australia.	3.33	6	0	trihydroxyflavone	antineoplastic agent; metabolite
luteolin [no description available]	3.09	4	0	3'-hydroxyflavonoid; tetrahydroxyflavone	angiogenesis inhibitor; anti-inflammatory agent; antineoplastic agent; apoptosis inducer; c-Jun N-terminal kinase inhibitor; EC 2.3.1.85 (fatty acid synthase) inhibitor; immunomodulator; nephroprotective agent; plant metabolite; radical scavenger; vascular endothelial growth factor receptor antagonist
linoleic acid Linoleic Acid: A doubly unsaturated fatty acid, occurring widely in plant glycosides. It is an essential fatty acid in mammalian nutrition and is used in the biosynthesis of prostaglandins and cell membranes. (From Stedman, 26th ed). linoleic acid : An octadecadienoic acid in which the two double bonds are at positions 9 and 12 and have Z (cis) stereochemistry.	4.98	11	0	octadecadienoic acid; omega-6 fatty acid	algal metabolite; Daphnia galeata metabolite; plant metabolite
calcitriol dihydroxy-vitamin D3: as a major in vitro metabolite of 1alpha,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3, produced in primary cultures of neonatal human keratinocytes	4	13	0	D3 vitamins; hydroxycalciol; triol	antineoplastic agent; antipsoriatic; bone density conservation agent; calcium channel agonist; calcium channel modulator; hormone; human metabolite; immunomodulator; metabolite; mouse metabolite; nutraceutical
ubiquinone 9 ubiquinone 9: a form of coenzyme Q found in many foods; RN given refers to (all-E)-isomer	2.02	1	0	ubiquinones	antioxidant; human metabolite
vitamin k semiquinone radical vitamin K semiquinone radical: found in active preparations of vitamin K-dependent carboxylase. vitamin K : Any member of a group of fat-soluble 2-methyl-1,4-napthoquinones that exhibit biological activity against vitamin K deficiency. Vitamin K is required for the synthesis of prothrombin and certain other blood coagulation factors.	9.49	42	0
beta carotene beta Carotene: A carotenoid that is a precursor of VITAMIN A. Beta carotene is administered to reduce the severity of photosensitivity reactions in patients with erythropoietic protoporphyria (PORPHYRIA, ERYTHROPOIETIC).. provitamin A : A provitamin that can be converted into vitamin A by enzymes from animal tissues.	2.77	3	0	carotenoid beta-end derivative; cyclic carotene	antioxidant; biological pigment; cofactor; ferroptosis inhibitor; human metabolite; mouse metabolite; plant metabolite; provitamin A
11-cis-retinal Rhodopsin: A purplish-red, light-sensitive pigment found in RETINAL ROD CELLS of most vertebrates. It is a complex consisting of a molecule of ROD OPSIN and a molecule of 11-cis retinal (RETINALDEHYDE). Rhodopsin exhibits peak absorption wavelength at about 500 nm.. 11-cis-retinal : A retinal having 2E,4Z,6E,8E-double bond geometry.	7.12	65	0	retinal	chromophore; human metabolite; mouse metabolite
leukotriene b4 Leukotriene B4: The major metabolite in neutrophil polymorphonuclear leukocytes. It stimulates polymorphonuclear cell function (degranulation, formation of oxygen-centered free radicals, arachidonic acid release, and metabolism). (From Dictionary of Prostaglandins and Related Compounds, 1990). leukotriene B4 : A leukotriene composed of (6Z,8E,10E,14Z)-icosatetraenoic acid having (5S)- and (12R)-hydroxy substituents. It is a lipid mediator of inflammation that is generated from arachidonic acid via the 5-lipoxygenase pathway.	2.75	3	0	dihydroxy monocarboxylic acid; hydroxy polyunsaturated fatty acid; leukotriene; long-chain fatty acid	human metabolite; mouse metabolite; plant metabolite; vasoconstrictor agent
leukotriene c4 Leukotriene C4: The conjugation product of LEUKOTRIENE A4 and glutathione. It is the major arachidonic acid metabolite in macrophages and human mast cells as well as in antigen-sensitized lung tissue. It stimulates mucus secretion in the lung, and produces contractions of nonvascular and some VASCULAR SMOOTH MUSCLE. (From Dictionary of Prostaglandins and Related Compounds, 1990). leukotriene C4 : A leukotriene that is (5S,7E,9E,11Z,14Z)-5-hydroxyicosa-7,9,11,14-tetraenoic acid in which a glutathionyl group is attached at position 6 via a sulfide linkage.	2.95	4	0	leukotriene	bronchoconstrictor agent; human metabolite; mouse metabolite
glutaconic acid glutaconic acid: RN given refers to parent cpd without isomeric designation; structure. glutaconic acid : A pentenedioic acid that is pent-2-ene substituted by carboxy groups at positions 1 and 5.. (E)-glutaconic acid : The (E)-isomer of glutaconic acid.	1.99	1	0	glutaconic acid
alpha-isopropylmalate alpha-isopropylmalate: structure. (2S)-2-isopropylmalic acid : An optically active form of 2-isopropylmalic acid having S-configuration.. 2-isopropylmalate : A dicarboxylic acid anion obtained by deprotonation of at least one of the carboxy groups of 2-isopropylmalic acid.	1.98	1	0	2-isopropylmalic acid
hymecromone Hymecromone: A coumarin derivative possessing properties as a spasmolytic, choleretic and light-protective agent. It is also used in ANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY TECHNIQUES for the determination of NITRIC ACID.	2.02	1	0	hydroxycoumarin	antineoplastic agent; hyaluronic acid synthesis inhibitor
daphnetin [no description available]	2.5	2	0	hydroxycoumarin
8,11,14-eicosatrienoic acid 8,11,14-Eicosatrienoic Acid: A 20-carbon-chain fatty acid, unsaturated at positions 8, 11, and 14. It differs from arachidonic acid, 5,8,11,14-eicosatetraenoic acid, only at position 5.. all-cis-icosa-8,11,14-trienoic acid : An icosatrienoic acid having three cis double bonds at positions 8, 11 and 14.	2.58	2	0	fatty acid 20:3; long-chain fatty acid	fungal metabolite; human metabolite; nutraceutical
vitamin k1 hydroquinone vitamin K1 hydroquinone: metabolite of vitamin K1 & vitamin K1 2,3-epoxide	1.99	1	0	naphthohydroquinone; polyprenylhydroquinone
alprostadil [no description available]	3.11	5	0	prostaglandins E	anticoagulant; human metabolite; platelet aggregation inhibitor; vasodilator agent
vitamin d 2 Ergocalciferols: Derivatives of ERGOSTEROL formed by ULTRAVIOLET RAYS breaking of the C9-C10 bond. They differ from CHOLECALCIFEROL in having a double bond between C22 and C23 and a methyl group at C24.. vitamin D2 : A vitamin D supplement and has been isolated from alfalfa.	1.93	1	0	hydroxy seco-steroid; seco-ergostane; vitamin D	bone density conservation agent; nutraceutical; plant metabolite; rodenticide
stigmasterol stigmasta-5,22-dien-3-ol: isolated from freeze-dried powder of Blackberries (Rubus ursinus L.) which showed an activity on inhibition of chemocarcinogen. stigmasterol : A 3beta-sterol that consists of 3beta-hydroxystigmastane having double bonds at the 5,6- and 22,23-positions.	2.57	2	0	3beta-hydroxy-Delta(5)-steroid; 3beta-sterol; phytosterols; stigmastane sterol	plant metabolite
cholecalciferol Cholecalciferol: Derivative of 7-dehydroxycholesterol formed by ULTRAVIOLET RAYS breaking of the C9-C10 bond. It differs from ERGOCALCIFEROL in having a single bond between C22 and C23 and lacking a methyl group at C24.. calciol : A hydroxy seco-steroid that is (5Z,7E)-9,10-secocholesta-5,7,10(19)-triene in which the pro-S hydrogen at position 3 has been replaced by a hydroxy group. It is the inactive form of vitamin D3, being hydroxylated in the liver to calcidiol (25-hydroxyvitamin D3), which is then further hydroxylated in the kidney to give calcitriol (1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3), the active hormone.	3.44	7	0	D3 vitamins; hydroxy seco-steroid; seco-cholestane; secondary alcohol; steroid hormone	geroprotector; human metabolite
rutin Hydroxyethylrutoside: Monohydroxyethyl derivative of rutin. Peripheral circulation stimulant used in treatment of venous disorders.	4.2	4	0	disaccharide derivative; quercetin O-glucoside; rutinoside; tetrahydroxyflavone	antioxidant; metabolite
vitamin k1 oxide vitamin K1 oxide: RN given refers to parent cpd; see also record for 2,3-epoxymenaquinone	1.97	1	0
kaempferol [no description available]	2.81	3	0	7-hydroxyflavonol; flavonols; tetrahydroxyflavone	antibacterial agent; geroprotector; human blood serum metabolite; human urinary metabolite; human xenobiotic metabolite; plant metabolite
leukotriene d4 Leukotriene D4: One of the biologically active principles of SRS-A. It is generated from LEUKOTRIENE C4 after partial hydrolysis of the peptide chain, i.e., cleavage of the gamma-glutamyl portion. Its biological actions include stimulation of vascular and nonvascular smooth muscle, and increases in vascular permeability. (From Dictionary of Prostaglandins and Related Compounds, 1990). leukotriene D4 : A leukotriene that is (7E,9E,11Z,14Z)-icosa-7,9,11,14-tetraenoic acid substituted by a hydroxy group at position 5 (5S) and a L-cysteinylglycinyl group at position 6 (6R).	2.47	2	0	dipeptide; leukotriene; organic sulfide	bronchoconstrictor agent; human metabolite; mouse metabolite
leukotriene e4 Leukotriene E4: A biologically active principle of SRS-A that is formed from LEUKOTRIENE D4 via a peptidase reaction that removes the glycine residue. The biological actions of LTE4 are similar to LTC4 and LTD4. (From Dictionary of Prostaglandins and Related Compounds, 1990). leukotriene E4 : A leukotriene that is (7E,9E,11Z,14Z)-icosa-7,9,11,14-tetraenoic acid substituted by a hydroxy group at position 5 (5S) and an L-cystein-S-yl group at position 6 (6R).	2.04	1	0	amino dicarboxylic acid; L-cysteine thioether; leukotriene; non-proteinogenic L-alpha-amino acid; secondary alcohol
prostaglandin a2 prostaglandin A2: RN given refers to (5Z,13E,15S)-isomer	2.01	1	0	prostaglandins A	human metabolite
9-deoxy-delta-9-prostaglandin d2 9-deoxy-delta-9-prostaglandin D2: has potent antineoplastic & weak smooth muscle contracting activities; structure given in first source. prostaglandin J2 : A member of the class of prostaglandins J that consists of prosta-5,9,13-trien-1-oic acid substituted by an oxo group at position 11 and a hydroxy group at position 15 (the 5Z,13E,15S stereoisomer).	2.01	1	0	prostaglandins J	human metabolite
6-ketoprostaglandin f1 alpha 6-Ketoprostaglandin F1 alpha: The physiologically active and stable hydrolysis product of EPOPROSTENOL. Found in nearly all mammalian tissue.. 6-oxoprostaglandin F1alpha : A prostaglandin Falpha that is prostaglandin F1alpha bearing a keto substituent at the 6-position.	2.67	3	0	prostaglandins Falpha	human metabolite; mouse metabolite
arachidonic acid omega-9 hydroperoxide 12-HPETE: RN given refers to cpd without isomeric designation; 12-HPETE may be used inconsistently in literature as synonym for cpds with various tetraene-locants; caused dose-dependent constriction of cat coronary arteries. 12(S)-HPETE : The (S)-enantiomer of 12-HPETE.	1.97	1	0	HPETE	mouse metabolite
zeaxanthin Zeaxanthins: Carotenoids found in fruits and vegetables. Zeaxanthin accumulates in the MACULA LUTEA.	2.49	2	0	carotenol	antioxidant; bacterial metabolite; cofactor
gamma-linolenic acid gamma-Linolenic Acid: An omega-6 fatty acid produced in the body as the delta 6-desaturase metabolite of linoleic acid. It is converted to dihomo-gamma-linolenic acid, a biosynthetic precursor of monoenoic prostaglandins such as PGE1. (From Merck Index, 11th ed). gamma-linolenic acid : A C18, omega-6 acid fatty acid comprising a linolenic acid having cis- double bonds at positions 6, 9 and 12.	2.4	2	0	linolenic acid; omega-6 fatty acid	human metabolite; mouse metabolite; plant metabolite
alpha-linolenic acid linolenic acid : A two-membered subclass of octadecatrienoic acid comprising the (9Z,12Z,15Z)- and (6Z,9Z,12Z)-isomers. Linolenic acids are nutrients essential to the formation of prostaglandins and are also used in making paints and synthetic resins.. linolenate : A polyunsaturated fatty acid anion obtained by deprotonation of the carboxy group of either alpha- or gamma-linolenic acid.	3.05	4	0	linolenic acid; omega-3 fatty acid	micronutrient; mouse metabolite; nutraceutical
harmine Harmine: Alkaloid isolated from seeds of PEGANUM HARMALA; ZYGOPHYLLACEAE. It is identical to banisterine, or telepathine, from Banisteria caapi and is one of the active ingredients of hallucinogenic drinks made in the western Amazon region from related plants. It has no therapeutic use, but (as banisterine) was hailed as a cure for postencephalitic PARKINSON DISEASE in the 1920's.. harmine : A harmala alkaloid in which the harman skeleton is methoxy-substituted at C-7.	3.28	6	0	harmala alkaloid	anti-HIV agent; EC 1.4.3.4 (monoamine oxidase) inhibitor; metabolite
genistein [no description available]	3.89	12	0	7-hydroxyisoflavones	antineoplastic agent; EC 5.99.1.3 [DNA topoisomerase (ATP-hydrolysing)] inhibitor; geroprotector; human urinary metabolite; phytoestrogen; plant metabolite; tyrosine kinase inhibitor
amphotericin b Amphotericin B: Macrolide antifungal antibiotic produced by Streptomyces nodosus obtained from soil of the Orinoco river region of Venezuela.. amphotericin B : A macrolide antibiotic used to treat potentially life-threatening fungal infections.	8.11	5	0	antibiotic antifungal drug; macrolide antibiotic; polyene antibiotic	antiamoebic agent; antiprotozoal drug; bacterial metabolite
clavulanic acid Clavulanic Acid: A beta-lactam antibiotic produced by the actinobacterium Streptomyces clavuligerus. It is a suicide inhibitor of bacterial beta-lactamase enzymes. Administered alone, it has only weak antibacterial activity against most organisms, but given in combination with other beta-lactam antibiotics it prevents antibiotic inactivation by microbial lactamase.. clavulanate : The conjugate base of clavulanic acid.. clavulanic acid : Antibiotic isolated from Streptomyces clavuligerus. It acts as a suicide inhibitor of bacterial beta-lactamase enzymes.	7.92	4	0	oxapenam	antibacterial drug; anxiolytic drug; bacterial metabolite; EC 3.5.2.6 (beta-lactamase) inhibitor
pulmicort Budesonide: A glucocorticoid used in the management of ASTHMA, the treatment of various skin disorders, and allergic RHINITIS.. budesonide : A glucocorticoid steroid having a highly oxygenated pregna-1,4-diene structure. It is used mainly in the treatment of asthma and non-infectious rhinitis and for treatment and prevention of nasal polyposis.	2.05	1	0	11beta-hydroxy steroid; 20-oxo steroid; 21-hydroxy steroid; 3-oxo-Delta(1),Delta(4)-steroid; cyclic acetal; glucocorticoid; primary alpha-hydroxy ketone	anti-inflammatory drug; bronchodilator agent; drug allergen
oxymetholone Oxymetholone: A synthetic hormone with anabolic and androgenic properties. It is used mainly in the treatment of anemias. According to the Fourth Annual Report on Carcinogens (NTP 85-002), this compound may reasonably be anticipated to be a carcinogen. (From Merck Index, 11th ed). oxymetholone : A 3-oxo-5alpha- steroid that is 4,5alpha-dihydrotestosterone which is substituted by a hydroxymethylidene group at position 2 and by a methyl group at the 17alpha position. A synthetic androgen, it was mainly used for the treatment of anaemias until being replaced by treatments with fewer side effects.	2.05	1	0
montelukast montelukast: a leukotriene D4 receptor antagonist	2.05	1	0	aliphatic sulfide; monocarboxylic acid; quinolines	anti-arrhythmia drug; anti-asthmatic drug; leukotriene antagonist
mycophenolate mofetil mycophenolate mofetil : A carboxylic ester resulting from the formal condensation between the carboxylic acid group of mycophenolic acid and the hydroxy group of 2-(morpholin-4-yl)ethanol. In the liver, it is metabolised to mycophenolic acid, an immunosuppressant for which it is a prodrug. It is widely used to prevent tissue rejection following organ transplants as well as for the treatment of certain autoimmune diseases.	2.05	1	0	carboxylic ester; ether; gamma-lactone; phenols; tertiary amino compound	anticoronaviral agent; EC 1.1.1.205 (IMP dehydrogenase) inhibitor; immunosuppressive agent; prodrug
entacapone entacapone: structure given in first source. entacapone : A monocarboxylic acid amide that is N,N-diethylprop-2-enamide in which the hydrogen at position 2 is substituted by a cyano group and the hydrogen at the 3E position is substituted by a 3,4-dihydroxy-5-nitrophenyl group.	2.05	1	0	2-nitrophenols; catechols; monocarboxylic acid amide; nitrile	antidyskinesia agent; antiparkinson drug; central nervous system drug; EC 2.1.1.6 (catechol O-methyltransferase) inhibitor
jasmonic acid jasmonic acid: a derivative of alpha-linolenic acid that has a role in plant response to herbivory analogous to the role of prostanoids in inflammation in mammals;. jasmonic acid : An oxo monocarboxylic acid that is (3-oxocyclopentyl)acetic acid substituted by a (2Z)-pent-2-en-1-yl group at position 2 of the cyclopentane ring.	3.23	5	0	oxo monocarboxylic acid	jasmonates; plant metabolite
butein [no description available]	2.13	1	0	chalcones; polyphenol	antineoplastic agent; antioxidant; EC 1.1.1.21 (aldehyde reductase) inhibitor; geroprotector; hypoglycemic agent; plant metabolite; radiosensitizing agent; tyrosine kinase inhibitor
astaxanthine astaxanthine: a keto form of carotene; pigment in flesh of Scottish salmon (Salmo salar) crustacoa-lobster (Homarus gammarus, flamingo feathers; structure; a carotenoid without vitamin A activity, has shown anti-oxidant and anti-inflammatory activities. astaxanthin : A carotenone that consists of beta,beta-carotene-4,4'-dione bearing two hydroxy substituents at positions 3 and 3' (the 3S,3'S diastereomer). A carotenoid pigment found mainly in animals (crustaceans, echinoderms) but also occurring in plants. It can occur free (as a red pigment), as an ester, or as a blue, brown or green chromoprotein.	4.92	12	0	carotenol; carotenone	animal metabolite; anticoagulant; antioxidant; food colouring; plant metabolite
fucoxanthin fucoxanthin: RN given refers to (3S,3'S,5R,5'R,6S,6'R)-isomer. fucoxanthin : An epoxycarotenol that is found in brown seaweed and which exhibits anti-cancer, anti-diabetic, anti-oxidative and neuroprotective properties.	3.04	3	0
lutein Lutein: A xanthophyll found in the major LIGHT-HARVESTING PROTEIN COMPLEXES of plants. Dietary lutein accumulates in the MACULA LUTEA.. xanthophyll : A subclass of carotenoids consisting of the oxygenated carotenes.	2.6	1	0	carotenol	food colouring; plant metabolite
sulfuretin sulfuretin: the chalcone C ring closes into a 5 instead of the more typical 6 membered ring leaving a phenyl methane at the 2 position instead of the typical phenyl	2.13	1	0	1-benzofurans
cucurbitacin b [no description available]	3.27	1	0	cucurbitacin; secondary alpha-hydroxy ketone; tertiary alpha-hydroxy ketone
cucurbitacin i cucurbitacin I: toxic constituent in edible gourd; see also records for cucurbitacins & specific cucurbitacins. cucurbitacin I : A cucurbitacin that is 9,10,14-trimethyl-4,9-cyclo-9,10-secocholesta-2,5,23-triene substituted by hydroxy groups at positions 2, 16, 20 and 25 and oxo groups at positions 1, 11 and 22.	2.04	1	0	cucurbitacin; tertiary alpha-hydroxy ketone	antineoplastic agent; plant metabolite
ophiobolin a ophiobolin A: sesterterpene; phytotoxin produced by plant pathogen Helminthosporium maydis; natural product inhibitor of calmodulin; RN refers to (18R)-isomer; structure given in first source. ophiobolin A : A sesterterpenoid that is ophiobolane with a hydroxy group at position 3, oxo groups at positions 5 and 25, double bonds at positions 7-8 and 19-20, and an oxygen link between positions 14 and 18.	2.43	2	0	cyclic ketone; enal; oxaspiro compound; sesterterpenoid; tertiary alcohol
harman harman: a beta-carboline; RN given refers to parent cpd; structure. harman : An indole alkaloid fundamental parent with a structure of 9H-beta-carboline carrying a methyl substituent at C-1. It has been isolated from the bark of Sickingia rubra, Symplocus racemosa, Passiflora incarnata, Peganum harmala, Banisteriopsis caapi and Tribulus terrestris, as well as from tobacco smoke. It is a specific, reversible inhibitor of monoamine oxidase A.	2.03	1	0	harmala alkaloid; indole alkaloid fundamental parent; indole alkaloid	anti-HIV agent; EC 1.4.3.4 (monoamine oxidase) inhibitor; plant metabolite
esculetin esculetin: used in filters for absorption of ultraviolet light; structure. esculetin : A hydroxycoumarin that is umbelliferone in which the hydrogen at position 6 is substituted by a hydroxy group. It is used in filters for absorption of ultraviolet light.	2.25	1	0	hydroxycoumarin	antioxidant; plant metabolite; ultraviolet filter
humulene humulene: structure given in first source. (1E,4E,8E)-alpha-humulene : The (1E,4E,8E)-isomer of alpha-humulene.	7.49	14	1	alpha-humulene
phaseic acid phaseic acid: a plant hormone derived from abscisic acid; structure in first source	2.13	1	0	alpha,beta-unsaturated monocarboxylic acid; apo carotenoid sesquiterpenoid	metabolite
oleuropein oleuropein: iridoid isolated from leaves and fruit of Olea and Ligustrum (Oleaceae). oleuropein : A secoiridoid glycoside that is the methyl ester of 3,4-dihydro-2H-pyran-5-carboxylic acid which is substituted at positions 2, 3, and 4 by hydroxy, ethylidene, and carboxymethyl groups, respectively and in which the anomeric hydroxy group at position 2 has been converted into its beta-D-glucoside and the carboxylic acid moiety of the carboxymethyl substituent has been converted to the corresponding 3,4-dihydroxyphenethyl ester (the 2S,3E,4S stereoisomer). The most important phenolic compound present in olive cultivars.	2.55	2	0	beta-D-glucoside; catechols; diester; methyl ester; pyrans; secoiridoid glycoside	anti-inflammatory agent; antihypertensive agent; antineoplastic agent; antioxidant; apoptosis inducer; NF-kappaB inhibitor; nutraceutical; plant metabolite; radical scavenger
zearalenone Zearalenone: (S-(E))-3,4,5,6,8,10-Hexahydro-14,16-dihydroxy-3-methyl-1H-2-benzoxacyclotetradecin-1,7(8H)-dione. One of a group of compounds known under the general designation of resorcylic acid lactones. Cis, trans, dextro and levo forms have been isolated from the fungus Gibberella zeae (formerly Fusarium graminearum). They have estrogenic activity, cause toxicity in livestock as feed contaminant, and have been used as anabolic or estrogen substitutes.. zearalenone : A macrolide comprising a fourteen-membered lactone fused to 1,3-dihydroxybenzene; a potent estrogenic metabolite produced by some Giberella species.	2.44	2	0	macrolide; resorcinols	fungal metabolite; mycoestrogen
agathisflavone agathisflavone: bis-apigenin coupled at 6 and 8 positions; isolated from the plant Canarium manii; has hepatoprotective activity against carbon tetrachloride-induced hepatotoxicity. agathisflavone : A biflavonoid that is obtained by oxidative coupling of two molecules of apigenin resulting in a bond between positions C-6 and C-8 of the two chromene rings.	2.58	2	0	biaryl; biflavonoid; hydroxyflavone	antineoplastic agent; antiviral agent; hepatoprotective agent; metabolite
baicalein [no description available]	3.14	5	0	trihydroxyflavone	angiogenesis inhibitor; anti-inflammatory agent; antibacterial agent; anticoronaviral agent; antifungal agent; antineoplastic agent; antioxidant; apoptosis inducer; EC 1.13.11.31 (arachidonate 12-lipoxygenase) inhibitor; EC 1.13.11.33 (arachidonate 15-lipoxygenase) inhibitor; EC 3.4.21.26 (prolyl oligopeptidase) inhibitor; EC 3.4.22.69 (SARS coronavirus main proteinase) inhibitor; EC 4.1.1.17 (ornithine decarboxylase) inhibitor; ferroptosis inhibitor; geroprotector; hormone antagonist; plant metabolite; prostaglandin antagonist; radical scavenger
chrysin chrysin : A dihydroxyflavone in which the two hydroxy groups are located at positions 5 and 7.	2.13	1	0	7-hydroxyflavonol; dihydroxyflavone	anti-inflammatory agent; antineoplastic agent; antioxidant; EC 2.7.11.18 (myosin-light-chain kinase) inhibitor; hepatoprotective agent; plant metabolite
diosmin [no description available]	2.05	1	0	dihydroxyflavanone; disaccharide derivative; glycosyloxyflavone; monomethoxyflavone; rutinoside	anti-inflammatory agent; antioxidant
fisetin [no description available]	2.05	1	0	3'-hydroxyflavonoid; 7-hydroxyflavonol; tetrahydroxyflavone	anti-inflammatory agent; antioxidant; EC 5.99.1.3 [DNA topoisomerase (ATP-hydrolysing)] inhibitor; geroprotector; metabolite; plant metabolite
galangin 5,7-dihydroxyflavonol: antimicrobial from the twigs of Populus nigra x Populus deltoides; structure in first source. galangin : A 7-hydroxyflavonol with additional hydroxy groups at positions 3 and 5 respectively; a growth inhibitor of breast tumor cells.	2.13	1	0	7-hydroxyflavonol; trihydroxyflavone	antimicrobial agent; EC 3.1.1.3 (triacylglycerol lipase) inhibitor; plant metabolite
hispidulin hispidulin : A monomethoxyflavone that is scutellarein methylated at position 6.	2.07	1	0	monomethoxyflavone; trihydroxyflavone	anti-inflammatory agent; anticonvulsant; antineoplastic agent; antioxidant; apoptosis inducer; plant metabolite
hyperoside quercetin 3-O-beta-D-galactopyranoside : A quercetin O-glycoside that is quercetin with a beta-D-galactosyl residue attached at position 3. Isolated from Artemisia capillaris, it exhibits hepatoprotective activity.	2.43	2	0	beta-D-galactoside; monosaccharide derivative; quercetin O-glycoside; tetrahydroxyflavone	hepatoprotective agent; plant metabolite
mangiferin shamimin: isolated from the leaves of Bombax ceiba; structure in first source	2.85	3	0	C-glycosyl compound; xanthones	anti-inflammatory agent; antioxidant; hypoglycemic agent; plant metabolite
mangostin mangostin: xanthone from rind of Garcinia mangostana Linn. fruit. alpha-mangostin : A member of the class of xanthones that is 9H-xanthene substituted by hydroxy group at positions 1, 3 and 6, a methoxy group at position 7, an oxo group at position 9 and prenyl groups at positions 2 and 8. Isolated from the stems of Cratoxylum cochinchinense, it exhibits antioxidant, antimicrobial and antitumour activities.	2.58	2	0	aromatic ether; phenols; xanthones	antimicrobial agent; antineoplastic agent; antioxidant; plant metabolite
kaempferide kaempferide: structure in first source. kaempferide : A monomethoxyflavone that is the 4'-O-methyl derivative of kaempferol.	2.21	1	0	7-hydroxyflavonol; monomethoxyflavone; trihydroxyflavone	antihypertensive agent; metabolite
morin morin: a light yellowish pigment found in the wood of old fustic (Chlorophora tinctoria). morin : A pentahydroxyflavone that is 7-hydroxyflavonol bearing three additional hydroxy substituents at positions 2' 4' and 5.	2.75	3	0	7-hydroxyflavonol; pentahydroxyflavone	angiogenesis modulating agent; anti-inflammatory agent; antibacterial agent; antihypertensive agent; antineoplastic agent; antioxidant; EC 5.99.1.2 (DNA topoisomerase) inhibitor; hepatoprotective agent; metabolite; neuroprotective agent
myricetin [no description available]	2.76	3	0	7-hydroxyflavonol; hexahydroxyflavone	antineoplastic agent; antioxidant; cyclooxygenase 1 inhibitor; food component; geroprotector; hypoglycemic agent; plant metabolite
myricitrin myricitrin: isolated from root bark of Myrica cerifera L.; structure. myricitrin : A glycosyloxyflavone that consists of myricetin attached to a alpha-L-rhamnopyranosyl residue at position 3 via a glycosidic linkage. Isolated from Myrica cerifera, it exhibits anti-allergic activity.	2.03	1	0	alpha-L-rhamnoside; glycosyloxyflavone; monosaccharide derivative; pentahydroxyflavone	anti-allergic agent; EC 1.14.13.39 (nitric oxide synthase) inhibitor; EC 2.7.11.13 (protein kinase C) inhibitor; plant metabolite
tricin tricin: from Spartina cynosuroides and other plants; structure	2.06	1	0	3'-methoxyflavones; dimethoxyflavone; trihydroxyflavone	EC 1.14.99.1 (prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase) inhibitor; metabolite
wogonin wogonin: structure in first source. wogonin : A dihydroxy- and monomethoxy-flavone in which the hydroxy groups are positioned at C-5 and C-7 and the methoxy group is at C-8.	2.01	1	0	dihydroxyflavone; monomethoxyflavone	angiogenesis inhibitor; antineoplastic agent; cyclooxygenase 2 inhibitor; plant metabolite
daidzein [no description available]	2.44	2	0	7-hydroxyisoflavones	antineoplastic agent; EC 2.7.7.7 (DNA-directed DNA polymerase) inhibitor; EC 3.2.1.20 (alpha-glucosidase) inhibitor; phytoestrogen; plant metabolite
trans-2,3',4,5'-tetrahydroxystilbene trans-2,3',4,5'-tetrahydroxystilbene: hydroxystilbene oxyresveratrol	2.07	1	0	stilbenoid
pterostilbene [no description available]	2.13	1	0	diether; methoxybenzenes; stilbenol	anti-inflammatory agent; antineoplastic agent; antioxidant; apoptosis inducer; hypoglycemic agent; neuroprotective agent; neurotransmitter; plant metabolite; radical scavenger
cynarine cynarine: active principle of the artichoke; functions primarily as a cholagogue and choleretic and also as antilipemic agent	2.05	1	0	alkyl caffeate ester; quinic acid	plant metabolite
echinacoside echinacoside: from Buddleja species; has antihepatotoxic activity	2.55	2	0	oligosaccharide
caffeic acid phenethyl ester phenethyl caffeate : An alkyl caffeate ester in which 2-phenylethyl is the alkyl component.	2.04	1	0	alkyl caffeate ester	anti-inflammatory agent; antibacterial agent; antineoplastic agent; antioxidant; antiviral agent; immunomodulator; metabolite; neuroprotective agent
rosmarinic acid rosmarinic acid: RN given refers to parent cpd; promote OT project. (R)-rosmarinic acid : A stereoisomer of rosmarinic acid having (R)-configuration.. rosmarinic acid : The 1-carboxy-2-(2,4-dihydroxyphenyl)ethyl ester of trans-caffeic acid.	2.49	2	0	rosmarinic acid	geroprotector; plant metabolite
wedelolactone wedelolactone: antihepatotoxic coumestan from Eclipta prostrata and Wedelia calendulacea (both Asteraceae); structure given in first source. wedelolactone : A member of the class of coumestans that is coumestan with hydroxy substituents as positions 1, 8 and 9 and a methoxy substituent at position 3.	2.17	1	0	aromatic ether; coumestans; delta-lactone; polyphenol	antineoplastic agent; apoptosis inducer; EC 5.99.1.3 [DNA topoisomerase (ATP-hydrolysing)] inhibitor; hepatoprotective agent; metabolite
rottlerin rottlerin: an angiogenesis inhibitor; an inhibitor of protein kinase Cdelta (PKCdelta) and calmodulin kinase III; RN refers to (E)-isomer; do not confuse this chalcone with an anthraquinone that is also called rottlerin (RN 481-72-1);. rottlerin : A chromenol that is 2,2-dimethyl-2H-chromene substituted by hydroxy groups at positions 5 and 7, a 3-acetyl-2,4,6-trihydroxy-5-methylbenzyl group at position 6 and a (1E)-3-oxo-1-phenylprop-1-en-3-yl group at position 8. A potassium channel opener, it is isolated from Mallotus philippensis.	2.71	3	0	aromatic ketone; benzenetriol; chromenol; enone; methyl ketone	anti-allergic agent; antihypertensive agent; antineoplastic agent; apoptosis inducer; K-ATP channel agonist; metabolite
ellagic acid [no description available]	2.04	1	0	catechols; cyclic ketone; lactone; organic heterotetracyclic compound; polyphenol	antioxidant; EC 1.14.18.1 (tyrosinase) inhibitor; EC 2.3.1.5 (arylamine N-acetyltransferase) inhibitor; EC 2.4.1.1 (glycogen phosphorylase) inhibitor; EC 2.5.1.18 (glutathione transferase) inhibitor; EC 2.7.1.127 (inositol-trisphosphate 3-kinase) inhibitor; EC 2.7.1.151 (inositol-polyphosphate multikinase) inhibitor; EC 2.7.4.6 (nucleoside-diphosphate kinase) inhibitor; EC 2.7.7.7 (DNA-directed DNA polymerase) inhibitor; EC 5.99.1.2 (DNA topoisomerase) inhibitor; EC 5.99.1.3 [DNA topoisomerase (ATP-hydrolysing)] inhibitor; food additive; fungal metabolite; geroprotector; plant metabolite; skin lightening agent
sdz psc 833 valspodar: nonimmunosuppressive cyclosporin analog which is a potent multidrug resistance modifier; 7-10 fold more potent than cyclosporin A; a potent P glycoprotein inhibitor; MW 1215	2.05	1	0	homodetic cyclic peptide
bacteriopheophytin bacteriopheophytin: pigment which is the degradation product of bacteriochlorophyll; structure. bacteriopheophytin a : A bacteriopheophytin consisting of bacteriochlorophyll a with two hydrogen atoms replacing the magnesium centre.. bacteriopheophytin : A cyclic tetrapyrrole comprising any bacteriochlorophyll molecule with two hydrogen atoms replacing the magnesium centre.	2.4	2	0
coenzyme q10 coenzyme Q10: Ubiquinone ring with a chain of 10 isoprene units; redox equilibrium with ubiqunol serving in mitochondrial inner membrane to transfer electrons; presence during reconstitution of acetylcholine receptor into phospholipid vesicles yields vesicles active in catalyzing carbamylcholine-sensitive Na+ flux; coenzyme Q10 depletion has been noted with use of statins. coenzyme Q10 : A ubiquinone having a side chain of 10 isoprenoid units. In the naturally occurring isomer, all isoprenyl double bonds are in the E- configuration.	5.85	11	0	ubiquinones	antioxidant; ferroptosis inhibitor; human metabolite
anandamide anandamide : An N-acylethanolamine 20:4 resulting from the formal condensation of carboxy group of arachidonic acid with the amino group of ethanolamine.	7.57	40	0	endocannabinoid; N-acylethanolamine 20:4	human blood serum metabolite; neurotransmitter; vasodilator agent
cerulenin Cerulenin: An epoxydodecadienamide isolated from several species, including ACREMONIUM, Acrocylindrum, and Helicoceras. It inhibits the biosynthesis of several lipids by interfering with enzyme function.. cerulenin : An epoxydodecadienamide isolated from several species, including Acremonium, Acrocylindrum and Helicoceras. It inhibits the biosynthesis of several lipids by interfering with enzyme function.	2.41	2	0	epoxide; monocarboxylic acid amide	antifungal agent; antiinfective agent; antilipemic drug; antimetabolite; antimicrobial agent; fatty acid synthesis inhibitor
arachidonyl dopamine arachidonyl dopamine: a ligand for the vanilloid receptor VR1	3.44	7	0	catechols; fatty amide; N-(fatty acyl)-dopamine; secondary carboxamide
n-oleoyldopamine N-oleoyldopamine: putative capsaicin receptor ligand; produces hyperalgesia; isolated from the brain. N-oleoyldopamine : A fatty amide resulting from the formal condensation of the carboxy group of oleic acid with the amino group of dopamine. Synthesised in catecholaminergic neurons, it crosses the blood-brain barrier and might be considered as a carrier of dopamine into the brain. It is a transient receptor potential vanilloid type 1 (TRPV1) receptor agonist.	2.04	1	0	catechols; fatty amide; N-(fatty acyl)-dopamine; secondary carboxamide	TRPV1 agonist
cilnidipine [no description available]	2.15	1	0	2-methoxyethyl ester; C-nitro compound; dihydropyridine	antihypertensive agent; calcium channel blocker; cardiovascular drug
uf 021 isopropyl unoprostone: a safe and effective ocular hypotensive drug. isopropyl unoprostone : The isopropyl ester of unoprostone.	2.03	1	0	isopropyl ester; ketone; prostaglandins Falpha	antiglaucoma drug; antihypertensive agent; prodrug
miocamycin Miocamycin: A macrolide antibiotic that has a wide antimicrobial spectrum and is particularly effective in respiratory and genital infections.	2.06	1	0
geranylgeranylacetone geranylgeranylacetone: structure in first source; RN given refers to isomeric cpd without isomeric designation; mixture of (5E,9E,13E) & (5Z,9E,13E)-isomers. teprenone : A terpene ketone in which a (9E,13E)-geranylgernayl group is bonded to one of the alpha-methyls of acetone (it is a mixture of 5E- and 5Z-geoisomers in a 3:2 ratio).	2.25	1	0
rokitamycin rokitamycin: structure in first source	2.06	1	0	organic molecular entity
tranilast tranilast: antiallergic drug; potent inhibitor of homologous passive cutaneous anaphylaxis. tranilast : An amidobenzoic acid that is anthranilic acid in which one of the anilino hydrogens is replaced by a 3,4-dimethoxycinnamoyl group.	2.05	1	0	amidobenzoic acid; cinnamamides; dimethoxybenzene; secondary carboxamide	anti-allergic agent; anti-asthmatic drug; antineoplastic agent; aryl hydrocarbon receptor agonist; calcium channel blocker; hepatoprotective agent; nephroprotective agent
4-acetamido-4'-isothiocyanatostilbene-2,2'-disulfonic acid 4-Acetamido-4'-isothiocyanatostilbene-2,2'-disulfonic Acid: A non-penetrating amino reagent (commonly called SITS) which acts as an inhibitor of anion transport in erythrocytes and other cells.	4.24	18	0	stilbenoid
4,4'-dinitro-2,2'-stilbenedisulfonic acid 4,4'-dinitro-2,2'-stilbenedisulfonic acid: RN given refers to parent cpd without isomeric designation	3.26	6	0	4,4'-dinitrostilbene-2,2'-disulfonic acid
domoic acid domoic acid: kainic acid analog, heterocyclic amino acid from seaweed; RN given refers to parent cpd; structure. domoic acid : An L-proline derivative that is L-proline substituted by a carboxymethyl group at position 3 and a 6-carboxyhepta-2,4-dien-2-yl group at position 4. It is produced by the diatomic algal Pseudo-nitzschia. It is an analogue of kainic acid and a neurotoxin which causes amnesic shellfish poisoning (ASP).	11.75	45	0	L-proline derivative; non-proteinogenic L-alpha-amino acid; pyrrolidinecarboxylic acid; tricarboxylic acid	algal metabolite; hapten; marine metabolite; neuromuscular agent; neurotoxin
8-epi-prostaglandin f2alpha 8-epi-prostaglandin F2alpha: a potent preglomerular vasoconstrictor acting principally through thromboxane A2 receptor activation. 8-epi-prostaglandin F2alpha : An isoprostane that is prostaglandin F2alpha having inverted stereochemistry at the 8-position.	2.74	3	0	F2-isoprostane	biomarker; bronchoconstrictor agent; vasoconstrictor agent
glyceryl 2-arachidonate glyceryl 2-arachidonate: binds to cannabinoid receptors; structure in first source. 2-arachidonoylglycerol : An endocannabinoid and an endogenous agonist of the cannabinoid receptors (CB1 and CB2). It is an ester formed from omega-6-arachidonic acid and glycerol.	7.37	33	0	2-acylglycerol 20:4; endocannabinoid	human metabolite
n,n-dimethylsphingenine N,N-dimethylsphingosine: a sphingosine kinase inhibitor. N,N-dimethylsphingosine : A sphingoid that is sphingosine in which the two amino hydrogens are replaced by methyl groups.	2.72	3	0	aminodiol; sphingoid; tertiary amino compound	EC 2.7.1.91 (sphingosine kinase) inhibitor; metabolite
ro 61-8048 [no description available]	2.48	2	0	C-nitro compound
tocotrienol, alpha alpha-tocotrienol : A tocotrienol that is chroman-6-ol substituted by methyl groups at positions 2, 5, 7 and 8 and a farnesyl chain at position 2. It has been found in palm oil derived from Elaeis guineensis.	5.42	6	0	tocotrienol; vitamin E	ferroptosis inhibitor; human metabolite; neuroprotective agent; plant metabolite
menatetrenone menaquinone-4 : A menaquinone whose side-chain contains 4 isoprene units in an all-trans-configuration.	2.08	1	0	menaquinone	anti-inflammatory agent; antioxidant; bone density conservation agent; human metabolite; neuroprotective agent
etretinate retinoid : Oxygenated derivatives of 3,7-dimethyl-1-(2,6,6-trimethylcyclohex-1-enyl)nona-1,3,5,7-tetraene and derivatives thereof.	2.05	1	0	enoate ester; ethyl ester; retinoid	keratolytic drug
isotretinoin Isotretinoin: A topical dermatologic agent that is used in the treatment of ACNE VULGARIS and several other skin diseases. The drug has teratogenic and other adverse effects.. isotretinoin : A retinoic acid that is all-trans-retinoic acid in which the double bond which is alpha,beta- to the carboxy group is isomerised to Z configuration. A synthetic retinoid, it is used for the treatment of severe cases of acne and other skin diseases.	2.05	1	0	retinoic acid	antineoplastic agent; keratolytic drug; teratogenic agent
misoprostol Misoprostol: A synthetic analog of natural prostaglandin E1. It produces a dose-related inhibition of gastric acid and pepsin secretion, and enhances mucosal resistance to injury. It is an effective anti-ulcer agent and also has oxytocic properties.. misoprostol : A diastereoisomeric mixture composed of approximately equal amounts of a double racemate of four of the sixteen possible diastereoisomers of methyl (13E)-11,16-dihydroxy-16-methyl-9-oxoprost-13-en-1-oate that is racemic prostaglandin E1 which is lacking the hydroxy group at position 15, but which has an additional hydroxy group at position 16. It is a synthetic prostaglandin E1 analogue, used in the treatment of gastric and duodenal ulcers. A weak abortifacient, it is also used for cervical ripening prior to surgical termination of pregnancy. The (11R,16S)-diastereoisomer is the pharmacologically active form.	2.74	3	0
ozagrel ozagrel: RN refers to (E)-isomer	2.05	1	0	cinnamic acids
triprolidine Triprolidine: Histamine H1 antagonist used in allergic rhinitis; ASTHMA; and URTICARIA. It is a component of COUGH and COLD medicines. It may cause drowsiness.. triprolidine : An N-alkylpyrrolidine that is acrivastine in which the pyridine ring is lacking the propenoic acid substituent. It is a sedating antihistamine that is used (generally as the monohydrochloride monohydrate) for the relief of the symptoms of uticaria, rhinitis, and various pruritic skin disorders.	2.44	2	0	N-alkylpyrrolidine; olefinic compound; pyridines	H1-receptor antagonist
pitavastatin pitavastatin : A dihydroxy monocarboxylic acid that is (6E)-7-[2-cyclopropyl-4-(4-fluorophenyl)quinolin-3-yl]hept-6-enoic acid in which the two hydroxy groups are located at positions 3 and 5 (the 3R,5S-stereoisomer). Used as its calcium salt for treatment of hypercholesterolemia (elevated levels of cholesterol in the blood) on patients unable to sufficiently lower their cholesterol levels by diet and exercise.	2.05	1	0	cyclopropanes; dihydroxy monocarboxylic acid; monofluorobenzenes; quinolines; statin (synthetic)	antioxidant
alatrofloxacin mesylate [no description available]	2.05	1	0
thromboxane b2 Thromboxane B2: A stable, physiologically active compound formed in vivo from the prostaglandin endoperoxides. It is important in the platelet-release reaction (release of ADP and serotonin).. thromboxane B2 : A member of the class of thromboxanes B that is (5Z,13E)-thromboxa-5,13-dien-1-oic acid substituted by hydroxy groups at positions 9, 11 and 15.	2.38	2	0	thromboxanes B	human metabolite; mouse metabolite
20-hydroxy-5,8,11,14-eicosatetraenoic acid 20-hydroxy-5,8,11,14-eicosatetraenoic acid: stimulator of renal sodium, potassium atpase; RN given is for the (all-Z) isomer. 20-HETE : A HETE that consists of arachidonic acid bearing a hydroxy substituent at position 20.	3.01	1	0	HETE; hydroxy monocarboxylic acid	human metabolite; mouse metabolite
arachidonic acid 5-hydroperoxide arachidonic acid 5-hydroperoxide: 5-HPETE is used inconsistently in literature as syn for cpds with various tetraene locants; RN given refers to (6,8,11,14)-isomer; RN in CA Vol 91 Form Index for (E,Z,Z,Z)-isomer: 70968-82-0; RN for (5,8,11,13)-isomer: 71133-12-5; in Merck, arachidonic acid is the (5,8,11,14)-isomer. 5-HPETE : A HPETE that consists of (6E,8Z,11Z,14Z)-icosatetraenoic acid in which the hydroperoxy group is located at position 5.	2	1	0	HPETE	human xenobiotic metabolite
8-isoprostaglandin e2 8-isoprostaglandin E2: RN given refers to (5Z,8 beta,11 alpha,13E,15S)-isomer; see also 8,12-epi-prostaglandin E2 & prostaglandin E2. 8-epi-prostaglandin E2 : A prostanoid that is prostaglandin E2 having inverted stereochemistry at the 8-position.	2.05	1	0	cyclic ketone; diol; prostanoid; secondary alcohol	bronchoconstrictor agent; human metabolite; rat metabolite; vasoconstrictor agent
4-hydroxy-2-nonenal 4-hydroxy-2-nonenal: cytotoxic product from peroxidation of liver microsomal lipids; RN given refers to cpd without isomeric designation. 4-hydroxynon-2-enal : An enal consisting of non-2-ene having an oxo group at the 1-position and a hydroxy group at the 4-position.. 4-hydroxynonenal : A monounsaturated fatty aldehyde that is nonanal that has undergone dehydrogenation to introduce a double bond at any position in the aliphatic chain and in which a hydrogen at position 4 has been replaced by a hydroxy group.	4.21	17	0	4-hydroxynon-2-enal; 4-hydroxynonenal
oleylamide oleylamide: plastic additive; can cause contact urticaria; RN given refers to (Z)-isomer; a sleep inducing factor. aliphatic amide : A carboxamide in which the amide linkage is bonded directly to an aliphatic system.. oleamide : A fatty amide derived from oleic acid.	2.02	1	0	primary fatty amide	human metabolite; plant metabolite
n-oleoylethanolamine N-oleoylethanolamine: ceramidase inhibitor. oleoyl ethanolamide : An N-(long-chain-acyl)ethanolamine that is the ethanolamide of oleic acid. The monounsaturated analogue of the endocannabinoid anandamide.	2.46	2	0	endocannabinoid; N-(long-chain-acyl)ethanolamine; N-acylethanolamine 18:1	EC 3.5.1.23 (ceramidase) inhibitor; geroprotector; PPARalpha agonist
menaquinone 6 menaquinone 6: RN given refers to (all-E)-isomer	4.53	7	0
sphingosine 1-phosphate sphingosine 1-phosphate: RN given refers to (R-(R,S-(E)))-isomer; RN for cpd without isomeric designation not available 8/89. sphingosine 1-phosphate : A phosphosphingolipid that consists of sphingosine having a phospho group attached at position 1	3.75	10	0	sphingoid 1-phosphate	mouse metabolite; signalling molecule; sphingosine-1-phosphate receptor agonist; T-cell proliferation inhibitor; vasodilator agent
codeine [no description available]	3.21	5	0	morphinane alkaloid; organic heteropentacyclic compound	antitussive; drug allergen; environmental contaminant; opioid analgesic; opioid receptor agonist; prodrug; xenobiotic
cyclosporine ramihyphin A: one of the metabolites produced by Fusarium sp. S-435; RN given refers to cpd with unknown MF	2.05	1	0	homodetic cyclic peptide	anti-asthmatic drug; anticoronaviral agent; antifungal agent; antirheumatic drug; carcinogenic agent; dermatologic drug; EC 3.1.3.16 (phosphoprotein phosphatase) inhibitor; geroprotector; immunosuppressive agent; metabolite
methyl linoleate [no description available]	1.98	1	0	fatty acid methyl ester	plant metabolite
phenylephrine hydrochloride Nose: A part of the upper respiratory tract. It contains the organ of SMELL. The term includes the external nose, the nasal cavity, and the PARANASAL SINUSES.. phenylephrine hydrochloride : A hydrochloride that is the monohydrochloride salt of phenylephrine.	2.77	3	0	hydrochloride
natamycin [no description available]	2.05	1	0	antibiotic antifungal drug; dicarboxylic acid monoester; epoxide; macrolide antibiotic; monosaccharide derivative; polyene antibiotic	antifungal agrochemical; antimicrobial food preservative; apoptosis inducer; bacterial metabolite; ophthalmology drug
4-dimethylaminocinnamaldehyde [no description available]	1.98	1	0	cinnamaldehydes
acitretin Acitretin: An oral retinoid effective in the treatment of psoriasis. It is the major metabolite of ETRETINATE with the advantage of a much shorter half-life when compared with etretinate.. acitretin : A retinoid that consists of 3,7-dimethylnona-2,4,6,8-tetraenoic acid having a 4-methoxy-2,3,6-trimethylphenyl group attached at position 9.	2.05	1	0	acitretin; alpha,beta-unsaturated monocarboxylic acid; retinoid	keratolytic drug
cyproterone Cyproterone: An anti-androgen that, in the form of its acetate (CYPROTERONE ACETATE), also has progestational properties. It is used in the treatment of hypersexuality in males, as a palliative in prostatic carcinoma, and, in combination with estrogen, for the therapy of severe acne and hirsutism in females.	1.96	1	0	17alpha-hydroxy steroid; 20-oxo steroid; 3-oxo-Delta(4) steroid; chlorinated steroid; tertiary alpha-hydroxy ketone	androgen antagonist
diminazene aceturate diminazene diaceturate : An N-acetylglycinate salt resulting from the reaction of diminazene with 2 mol eq. of N-acetylglycine.	2.25	1	0	N-acetylglycinate salt	antiparasitic agent; trypanocidal drug
dorzolamide dorzolamide: topically effective ocular hypotensive carbonic anhydrase inhibitor; RN refers to mono-HCl (4S-trans)-isomer. dorzolamide : 5,6-Dihydro-4H-thieno[2,3-b]thiopyran-2-sulfonamide 7,7-dioxide in which hydrogens at the 4 and 6 positions are substituted by ethylamino and methyl groups, respectively (4S, trans-configuration). A carbonic anhydrase inhibitor, it is used as the hydrochloride in ophthalmic solutions to lower increased intraocular pressure in the treatment of open-angle glaucoma and ocular hypertension.	2.01	1	0	sulfonamide; thiophenes	antiglaucoma drug; antihypertensive agent; EC 4.2.1.1 (carbonic anhydrase) inhibitor
dothiepin [no description available]	2.05	1	0	dothiepin
granisetron Granisetron: A serotonin receptor (5HT-3 selective) antagonist that has been used as an antiemetic for cancer chemotherapy patients.. granisetron : A monocarboxylic acid amide resulting from the formal condensation of the carboxy group of 1-methyl-1H-indazole-3-carboxylic acid with the primary amino group of (3-endo)-9-methyl-9-azabicyclo[3.3.1]nonan-3-amine. A selective 5-HT3 receptor antagonist, it is used (generally as the monohydrochloride salt) to manage nausea and vomiting caused by cancer chemotherapy and radiotherapy, and to prevent and treat postoperative nausea and vomiting.	4.53	5	1	aromatic amide; indazoles
levetiracetam Levetiracetam: A pyrrolidinone and acetamide derivative that is used primarily for the treatment of SEIZURES and some movement disorders, and as a nootropic agent.. levetiracetam : A pyrrolidinone and carboxamide that is N-methylpyrrolidin-2-one in which one of the methyl hydrogens is replaced by an aminocarbonyl group, while another is replaced by an ethyl group (the S enantiomer). An anticonvulsant, it is used for the treatment of epilepsy in both human and veterinary medicine.	7.06	13	2	pyrrolidin-2-ones	anticonvulsant; environmental contaminant; xenobiotic
nalmefene nalmefene: RN given refers to 5-alpha isomer	1.98	1	0	morphinane alkaloid
nalorphine Nalorphine: A narcotic antagonist with some agonist properties. It is an antagonist at mu opioid receptors and an agonist at kappa opioid receptors. Given alone it produces a broad spectrum of unpleasant effects and it is considered to be clinically obsolete.	2.4	2	0	morphinane alkaloid
naloxone Naloxone: A specific opiate antagonist that has no agonist activity. It is a competitive antagonist at mu, delta, and kappa opioid receptors.. naloxone : A synthetic morphinane alkaloid that is morphinone in which the enone double bond has been reduced to a single bond, the hydrogen at position 14 has been replaced by a hydroxy group, and the methyl group attached to the nitrogen has been replaced by an allyl group. A specific opioid antagonist, it is used (commonly as its hydrochloride salt) to reverse the effects of opioids, both following their use of opioids during surgery and in cases of known or suspected opioid overdose.	10.07	126	1	morphinane alkaloid; organic heteropentacyclic compound; tertiary alcohol	antidote to opioid poisoning; central nervous system depressant; mu-opioid receptor antagonist
oxycodone Oxycodone: A semisynthetic derivative of CODEINE.. oxycodone : A semisynthetic opioid of formula C18H21NO4 that is derived from thebaine. It is a moderately potent opioid analgesic, generally used for relief of moderate to severe pain.	4.68	3	1	organic heteropentacyclic compound; semisynthetic derivative	antitussive; mu-opioid receptor agonist; opioid analgesic
oxymorphone Oxymorphone: An opioid analgesic with actions and uses similar to those of MORPHINE, apart from an absence of cough suppressant activity. It is used in the treatment of moderate to severe pain, including pain in obstetrics. It may also be used as an adjunct to anesthesia. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p1092)	2.05	1	0	morphinane alkaloid
vitamin k 1 Vitamin K 1: A family of phylloquinones that contains a ring of 2-methyl-1,4-naphthoquinone and an isoprenoid side chain. Members of this group of vitamin K 1 have only one double bond on the proximal isoprene unit. Rich sources of vitamin K 1 include green plants, algae, and photosynthetic bacteria. Vitamin K1 has antihemorrhagic and prothrombogenic activity.. phylloquinone : A member of the class of phylloquinones that consists of 1,4-naphthoquinone having methyl and phytyl groups at positions 2 and 3 respectively. The parent of the class of phylloquinones.	4.21	5	0	phylloquinones; vitamin K	cofactor; human metabolite; plant metabolite
sirolimus Sirolimus: A macrolide compound obtained from Streptomyces hygroscopicus that acts by selectively blocking the transcriptional activation of cytokines thereby inhibiting cytokine production. It is bioactive only when bound to IMMUNOPHILINS. Sirolimus is a potent immunosuppressant and possesses both antifungal and antineoplastic properties.. sirolimus : A macrolide lactam isolated from Streptomyces hygroscopicus consisting of a 29-membered ring containing 4 trans double bonds, three of which are conjugated. It is an antibiotic, immunosupressive and antineoplastic agent.	4.53	23	0	antibiotic antifungal drug; cyclic acetal; cyclic ketone; ether; macrolide lactam; organic heterotricyclic compound; secondary alcohol	antibacterial drug; anticoronaviral agent; antineoplastic agent; bacterial metabolite; geroprotector; immunosuppressive agent; mTOR inhibitor
topiramate Topiramate: A sulfamate-substituted fructose analog that was originally identified as a hypoglycemic agent. It is used for the treatment of EPILEPSY and MIGRAINE DISORDERS, and may also promote weight loss.. topiramate : A hexose derivative that is 2,3:4,5-di-O-isopropylidene-beta-D-fructopyranose in which the hydroxy group has been converted to the corresponding sulfamate ester. It blocks voltage-dependent sodium channels and is used as an antiepileptic and for the prevention of migraine.	9.55	28	3	cyclic ketal; ketohexose derivative; sulfamate ester	anticonvulsant; sodium channel blocker
gamma-cyclodextrin gamma-cyclodextrin : A cycloamylose composed of eight alpha-(1->4) linked D-glucopyranose units.	2.06	1	0	cyclodextrin
brefeldin a [no description available]	3.62	9	0	macrolide antibiotic	Penicillium metabolite
ophiocordin azepinostatin: isolated from Fusarium merismoides; structure in first source; RN assigned by CAS - 63590-19-2 (ophiocordin; azepinostatin is not the same as ophiocordin)	2.06	1	0
alvocidib alvocidib: structure given in first source. alvocidib : A synthetic dihydroxyflavone that is 5,7-dihydroxyflavone which is substituted by a 3-hydroxy-1-methylpiperidin-4-yl group at position 8 and by a chlorine at the 2' position (the (-)-3S,4R stereoisomer). A cyclin-dependent kinase 9 (CDK9) inhibitor, it has been studied for the treatment of acute myeloid leukaemia, arthritis and atherosclerotic plaque formation.	2.43	2	0	dihydroxyflavone; hydroxypiperidine; monochlorobenzenes; tertiary amino compound	antineoplastic agent; antirheumatic drug; apoptosis inducer; EC 2.7.11.22 (cyclin-dependent kinase) inhibitor
seocalcitol seocalcitol: structure given in first source	2.05	1	0
fenretinide Fenretinide: A synthetic retinoid that is used orally as a chemopreventive against prostate cancer and in women at risk of developing contralateral breast cancer. It is also effective as an antineoplastic agent.. 4-hydroxyphenyl retinamide : A retinoid obtained by formal condensation of the carboxy group of all-trans retinoic acid and the anilino group of 4-hydroxyaniline. Synthetic retinoid agonist. Antiproliferative, antioxidant and anticancer agent with a long half-life in vivo. Apoptotic effects appear to be mediated by a mechanism distinct from that of 'classical' retinoids.	2.05	1	0	monocarboxylic acid amide; retinoid	antineoplastic agent; antioxidant
geldanamycin [no description available]	2.05	1	0	1,4-benzoquinones; ansamycin; carbamate ester; organic heterobicyclic compound	antimicrobial agent; antineoplastic agent; antiviral agent; cysteine protease inhibitor; Hsp90 inhibitor
n-methylalanine N-methylalanine: RN given refers to parent cpd(DL-Ala)-isomer. methyl-L-alanine : Any alanine derivative that is L-alanine having one or more methyl groups attached to the amino group.. N-methyl-L-alanine : A methyl-L-alanine in which one of the the amino hydrogen of L-alanine is replaced by a methyl group.	1.98	1	0	amino acid zwitterion; methyl-L-alanine
morphine Meconium: The thick green-to-black mucilaginous material found in the intestines of a full-term fetus. It consists of secretions of the INTESTINAL GLANDS; BILE PIGMENTS; FATTY ACIDS; AMNIOTIC FLUID; and intrauterine debris. It constitutes the first stools passed by a newborn.	13.06	206	1	morphinane alkaloid; organic heteropentacyclic compound; tertiary amino compound	anaesthetic; drug allergen; environmental contaminant; geroprotector; mu-opioid receptor agonist; opioid analgesic; plant metabolite; vasodilator agent; xenobiotic
oregon green 488 carboxylic acid [no description available]	2.01	1	0	xanthene dye	epitope; fluorochrome
lysophosphatidylglycerol lysophosphatidylglycerol : A glycerophosphoglycerol resulting from partial hydrolysis of a phosphatidylglycerol, which removes one of the fatty acid groups. The structure is depicted in the image where R1 = acyl, R2 = H or where R1 = H, R2 = acyl.	1.99	1	0	a 3-acyl-sn-glycero-1-phospho-(1'-sn-glycerol)(1-)
pyoverdin pyoverdin: a partly cyclic octapeptide linked to a chromophore, derived from 2,3-diamino-6,7-dihydroxyquinoline, which confers color and fluorescence to the molecule; yellow-green pigment produced by Pseudomonas aeruginosa; pyoverdin Pf from P. fluorescens; structure has been determined	2.13	1	0
as 605240 5-quinoxalin-6-ylmethylenethiazolidine-2,4-dione: a PI3Kgamma inhibitor; structure in first source. (5Z)-5-(quinoxalin-6-ylmethylidene)-1,3-thiazolidine-2,4-dione : A quinoxaline derivative that is quinoxaline in which the hydrogen at position 6 is replaced by a (2,4-dioxo-1,3-thiazolidin-5-ylidene)methyl group. It is a potent inhibitor of the PI3Kgamma, with an IC50 of 8 nM and inhibits the progression of joint inflammation and damage in both lymphocyte-independent and dependent mouse models of rheumatoid arthritis.	2.11	1	0	quinoxaline derivative; thiazolidinediones	anti-inflammatory agent; antirheumatic drug; EC 2.7.1.137 (phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase) inhibitor
demycarosylturimycin h [no description available]	2.05	1	0
l-2-(carboxypropyl)glycine [no description available]	5.4	11	0
l-ccg iii [no description available]	2.39	2	0
(alpha-carboxycyclopropyl)glycine, (1r-(1alpha(s*),2alpha))-isomer [no description available]	2.69	3	0
trans-metanicotine metanicotine: RN given refers to parent cpd with unspecified isomeric designation	2.73	3	0
ar-r 17779 AR-R 17779: structure in first source	2.43	2	0
2-(2,3-dicarboxycyclopropyl)glycine [no description available]	4.81	10	0
2-methylthio-atp 2-methylthio-ATP: purinergic receptors agonist; relaxes mammalian gut preparations; structure given in first source	2.39	2	0
2r,4r-4-aminopyrrolidine-2,4-dicarboxylate [no description available]	4.19	5	0	pyrrolidinedicarboxylic acid
4-aminocrotonic acid [no description available]	2.71	3	0
7-benzylidenenaltrexone 7-benzylidenenaltrexone: structure given in first source; a highly selective delta1-opioid receptor antagonist	1.99	1	0	phenanthrenes
adp beta s adenosine 5'-O-(2-thiodiphosphate): partial agonist toward platelet aggregation; see also record for 1-thiodiphosphate cpd	3.27	6	0
ah 23848 AH 23848: thromboxane antagonist. AH23848 : A racemate comprising equimolar amounts of (1R,2R,5S)- and (1S,2S,5R)-enantiomers of (4Z)-7-{5-[([1,1'-biphenyl]-4-yl)methoxy]-2-(morpholin-4-yl)-3-oxocyclopentyl}hept-4-enoic acid. The hemicalcium salt is a potent, specific thromboxane receptor-blocking drug that is orally active and has a long duration of action.. (1R,2R,5S)-AH23848 : A (4Z)-7-{5-[([1,1'-biphenyl]-4-yl)methoxy]-2-(morpholin-4-yl)-3-oxocyclopentyl}hept-4-enoic acid in which the stereocentres at positions 1, 2 and 5 have R-, R- and S-configuration respectively.	2.05	1	0	(4Z)-7-{5-[([1,1'-biphenyl]-4-yl)methoxy]-2-(morpholin-4-yl)-3-oxocyclopentyl}hept-4-enoic acid
arachidonyl-2-chloroethylamide arachidonyl-2-chloroethylamide: a potent and selective agonist of the neuronal cannabinoid receptor; structure in first source. arachidonyl-2'-chloroethylamide : A fatty amide obtained by the formal condensation of arachidonic acid with 2-chloroethanamine. It is a potent agonist of the CB1 receptor (Ki = 1.4 nM) and also has a low affinity for the CB2 receptor (Ki = 3100 nM).	3.15	5	0	fatty amide; organochlorine compound; secondary carboxamide; synthetic cannabinoid	CB1 receptor agonist; CB2 receptor agonist; neuroprotective agent
arachidonylcyclopropylamide arachidonylcyclopropylamide: a potent and selective agonist of neuronal cannabinoid receptor; structure in first source	2.5	2	0
atosiban [no description available]	2.07	1	0	oligopeptide
bc 264 BC 264: a selective CCK-B agonist; do not confuse with pBC 264 (propionyl-BC 264)	1.98	1	0
benzphetamine Benzphetamine: A sympathomimetic agent with properties similar to DEXTROAMPHETAMINE. It is used in the treatment of obesity. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p1222). benzphetamine : Dextroamphetamine in which the the hydrogens attached to the amino group are substituted by a methyl and a benzyl group. A sympathomimetic agent with properties similar to dextroamphetamine, it is used as its hydrochloride salt in the treatment of obesity.	1.98	1	0	amphetamines; tertiary amine	adrenergic uptake inhibitor; appetite depressant; dopamine uptake inhibitor; sympathomimetic agent
beta-funaltrexamine beta-funaltrexamine: RN given refers to parent cpd(E)-isomer; structure given in first source	2.41	2	0	morphinane alkaloid
bibp 3226 BIBP 3226: a selective non-peptide neuropeptide Y Y1 receptor antagonist; structure given in first source; BIBP-3435 is the S-enantiomer	2.01	1	0
bimatoprost Bimatoprost: A cloprostenol-derived amide that is used as an ANTIHYPERTENSIVE AGENT in the treatment of OPEN-ANGLE GLAUCOMA and OCULAR HYPERTENSION.	2.08	1	0	monocarboxylic acid amide	antiglaucoma drug; antihypertensive agent
istradefylline [no description available]	4.24	5	0	oxopurine
upf 596 UPF 596: structure in first source	4.2	5	0
cloprostenol Cloprostenol: A synthetic prostaglandin F2alpha analog. The compound has luteolytic effects and is used for the synchronization of estrus in cattle.	2.08	1	0	prostanoid
cp 99994 3-(2-methoxybenzylamino)-2-phenylpiperidine: selective NK(1) receptor antagonist; CP-100263 is the inactive enantiomer	2.93	4	0
denopamine denopamine: structure given in first source	1.97	1	0	dimethoxybenzene
deamino arginine vasopressin Deamino Arginine Vasopressin: A synthetic analog of the pituitary hormone, ARGININE VASOPRESSIN. Its action is mediated by the VASOPRESSIN receptor V2. It has prolonged antidiuretic activity, but little pressor effects. It also modulates levels of circulating FACTOR VIII and VON WILLEBRAND FACTOR.	2.38	2	0	heterodetic cyclic peptide	diagnostic agent; renal agent; vasopressin receptor agonist
dexmedetomidine [no description available]	5.34	16	0	medetomidine	alpha-adrenergic agonist; analgesic; non-narcotic analgesic; sedative
endomorphin 1 endomorphin 1: isolated from bovine brain	2.73	3	0	oligopeptide
endomorphin 2 endomorphin 2: isolated from bovine brain	2.03	1	0
olvanil [no description available]	2.03	1	0	methoxybenzenes; phenols
kallidin Kallidin: A decapeptide bradykinin homolog cleaved from kininogen by kallikreins. It is a smooth-muscle stimulant and hypotensive agent that acts by vasodilatation.	2.41	2	0	peptide
gv 150013x GV 150013X: CCK-B receptor antagonist; structure in first source	2	1	0	benzodiazepine
iloprost Iloprost: An eicosanoid, derived from the cyclooxygenase pathway of arachidonic acid metabolism. It is a stable and synthetic analog of EPOPROSTENOL, but with a longer half-life than the parent compound. Its actions are similar to prostacyclin. Iloprost produces vasodilation and inhibits platelet aggregation.. iloprost : A carbobicyclic compound that is prostaglandin I2 in which the endocyclic oxygen is replaced by a methylene group and in which the (1E,3S)-3-hydroxyoct-1-en-1-yl side chain is replaced by a (3R)-3-hydroxy-4-methyloct-1-en-6-yn-1-yl group. A synthetic analogue of prostacyclin, it is used as the trometamol salt (generally by intravenous infusion) for the treatment of peripheral vascular disease and pulmonary hypertension.	2.96	4	0	carbobicyclic compound; monocarboxylic acid; secondary alcohol	platelet aggregation inhibitor; vasodilator agent
preclamol preclamol: centrally acting dopamine receptor agonist with selectivity for autoreceptors	4.19	5	0
j 113397 J 113397: an opioid receptor-like 1 (ORL1), orphanin FQ, and nociceptin receptor antagonist; structure in first source	3.86	3	0
l 745870 3-((4-(4-chlorophenyl)piperazin-1-yl)methyl)-1H-pyrrolo(2,3-b)pyridine: selective for D(4) receptors; structure in first source	2.1	1	0	piperazines
l 365260 L 365260: a CCK-B antagonist; structure given in first source; potent & selective CCK-B & gastrin receptor ligand; L 365260 and L 365346 are (R)- and (S)-stereoisomers, respectively	3.08	5	0	benzodiazepine
15-deoxy-delta(12,14)-prostaglandin j2 15-deoxy-delta(12,14)-prostaglandin J2: 15-deoxy-PGJ2 is also available; check for double bonds (indicated by delta) at 12 and 14 positions. 15-deoxy-Delta(12,14)-prostaglandin J2 : A prostaglandin J derivative comprising prostaglandin J2 lacking the 15-hydroxy group and having C=C double bonds at the 12- and 14-positions.	2.71	3	0	prostaglandins J	electrophilic reagent; insulin-sensitizing drug; metabolite
dl-threo-beta-benzyloxyaspartate [no description available]	2.49	2	0
latanoprost Latanoprost: A prostaglandin F analog used to treat OCULAR HYPERTENSION in patients with GLAUCOMA.. latanoprost : A prostaglandin Falpha that is the isopropyl ester prodrug of latanoprost free acid. Used in the treatment of open-angle glaucoma and ocular hypertension.	2.94	4	0	isopropyl ester; prostaglandins Falpha; triol	antiglaucoma drug; antihypertensive agent; EC 4.2.1.1 (carbonic anhydrase) inhibitor; prodrug
ly 320135 LY 320135: cannabinoid receptor antagonist; structure in first source	2.1	1	0	benzofurans
ly-367385 [no description available]	2.01	1	0
lysophosphatidic acid lysophosphatidic acid: RN given refers to parent cpd. 1-oleoyl-sn-glycerol 3-phosphate : A 1-acyl-sn-glycerol 3-phosphate having oleoyl as the 1-O-acyl group.. lysophosphatidic acid : A member of the class of lysophosphatidic acids obtained by hydrolytic removal of one of the two acyl groups of any phosphatidic acid. A 'closed' class.	3.33	6	0	1-acyl-sn-glycerol 3-phosphate
lysophosphatidylcholines lysophosphatidylcholine : An acylglycerophosphocholine resulting from partial hydrolysis of a phosphatidylcholine, which removes one of the fatty acyl groups. The structure is depicted in the image where R1 = acyl, R2 = H or where R1 = H, R2 = acyl.	3.44	7	0	1-O-acyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine
mdl 100907 Serotonin 5-HT2 Receptor Antagonists: Drugs that bind to but do not activate SEROTONIN 5-HT2 RECEPTORS, thereby blocking the actions of SEROTONIN or SEROTONIN 5-HT2 RECEPTOR AGONISTS. Included under this heading are antagonists for one or more specific 5-HT2 receptor subtypes.	6.82	31	0
cytochalasin b Cytochalasin B: A cytotoxic member of the CYTOCHALASINS.. cytochalasin B : An organic heterotricyclic compound, that is a mycotoxin which is cell permeable an an inhibitor of cytoplasmic division by blocking the formation of contractile microfilaments.	3.24	6	0	cytochalasin; lactam; lactone; organic heterotricyclic compound	actin polymerisation inhibitor; metabolite; mycotoxin; platelet aggregation inhibitor
org 24598 org 24598: structure in first source	2.42	2	0
neurokinin a Neurokinin A: A mammalian neuropeptide of 10 amino acids that belongs to the tachykinin family. It is similar in structure and action to SUBSTANCE P and NEUROKININ B with the ability to excite neurons, dilate blood vessels, and contract smooth muscles, such as those in the BRONCHI.	9.07	15	0
neurokinin b Neurokinin B: A mammalian neuropeptide of 10 amino acids that belongs to the tachykinin family. It is similar in structure and action to SUBSTANCE P and NEUROKININ A with the ability to excite neurons, dilate blood vessels, and contract smooth muscles, such as those in the URINARY BLADDER and UTERUS.	5.08	13	0	polypeptide
ciguatoxins Ciguatoxins: Polycyclic ethers produced by Gambierdiscus (DINOFLAGELLATES) from gambiertoxins, which are ingested by fish which in turn may be ingested by humans who are susceptible to the CIGUATERA POISONING.. ciguatoxin CTX1B : A ciguatoxin comprising a sequence of twelve trans-fused six-, seven-, eight- and nine-membered rings and a spiro-fused five-membered ring. A commonly encountered fish toxin.. ciguatoxin : Ciguatoxins are cyclic polyether toxins, derived from marine dinoflagellates, which are responsible for the symptoms of ciguatera poisoning. Ingestion of tropical and subtropical fin fish contaminated by ciguatoxins results in an illness characterised by neurological, cardiovascular and gastrointestinal disorders.	2.05	1	0	ciguatoxin	metabolite
n-(4-amino-2-methylquinolin-6-yl)-2-(4-ethylphenoxymethyl)benzamide N-(4-amino-2-methylquinolin-6-yl)-2-(4-ethylphenoxymethyl)benzamide: a nociceptin antagonist; structure in first source	2.01	1	0	aminoquinoline
pd 123319 PD123319 : An imidazopyridine consisting of 4,5,6,7-tetrahydro-1H-imidazo[4,5-c]pyridine having 4-(dimethylamino)-3-methylbenzyl, diphenylacetyl and carboxy and groups at positions 1, 5 and 6 respectively	2.96	4	0	imidazopyridine	angiotensin receptor antagonist; endothelin receptor antagonist; vasoconstrictor agent
calyculin a calyculin A: RN given refers to (5S-(5alpha(2R(1S,3S,4S,5R,6R,7E,9E,11E,13Z),3R),7beta(E(S)),*beta,9alpha))-isomer	3.11	5	0
l803087 L803087: structure in first source. L-803087 : A fluoroindole that is 1H-indole substituted by phenyl, 4-{[(2S)-5-carbamimidamido-1-methoxy-1-oxopentan-2-yl]amino}-4-oxobutyl, fluoro and fluoro groups at positions 2, 3, 5 and 7, respectively. It is a selective nonpeptidic agonist of the somatostatin subtype-4 (SST4) receptor with Ki of 0.7 nM.	2.05	1	0	benzenes; fluoroindole; guanidines; L-arginine derivative; methyl ester; phenylindole; secondary carboxamide	somatostatin receptor agonist
r 715 [no description available]	2.41	2	0
seglitide seglitide: more potent than somatostatin for inhibition of insulin, glucagon & growth hormone release; used experimentally in treatment of Alzheimer's disease; somatostatin receptor antagonist	1.99	1	0
sib 1893 SIB 1893: a selective mGluR5 antagonist; structure in first source	4.02	4	0
sq 29548 SQ 29548: SQ-26538 is the ((1S-1alpha,2beta(5Z),3beta(1E,3R*),4alpha))-isomer; thromboxane A2 antagonist; thromboxane receptor antagonist	2.05	1	0
sr 142948 SR 142948: structurally similar to SR-48692	2.01	1	0	N-acyl-amino acid
stiripentol stiripentol: structure	2.13	1	0
4-carboxy-3-hydroxyphenylglycine [no description available]	2.7	3	0
alpha-methylserine-o-phosphate monophenyl ester alpha-methylserine-O-phosphate monophenyl ester: a group II/III antagonist	2	1	0
vinorelbine [no description available]	2.05	1	0	acetate ester; methyl ester; organic heteropentacyclic compound; organic heterotetracyclic compound; ring assembly; vinca alkaloid	antineoplastic agent; photosensitizing agent
(3r)-((2,3-dihydro-5-methyl-3-((4-morpholinyl)methyl)pyrrolo-(1,2,3-de)-1,4-benzoxazin-6-yl)(1-naphthalenyl))methanone WIN 55212-2 : A organic heterotricyclic compound that is 5-methyl-3-(morpholin-4-ylmethyl)-2,3-dihydro[1,4]oxazino[2,3,4-hi]indole substituted at position 6 by a 1-naphthylcarbonyl group.	3.88	3	0	morpholines; naphthyl ketone; organic heterotricyclic compound; synthetic cannabinoid	analgesic; apoptosis inhibitor; neuroprotective agent
kn 93 KN 93: reduces dopamine content in PC12h cells. KN-93 : A sulfonamide resulting from the formal condensation of p-methoxybenzenesulfonic acid with the anilino nitrogen of 2-(aminomethyl)-N-(2-hydroxyethyl)aniline in which the hydrogens of the primary amino group have been replaced by methyl and p-chlorocinnamyl groups. KN-93 is a selective inhibitor of Ca(2+)/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase II.	3.81	11	0	monochlorobenzenes; monomethoxybenzene; primary alcohol; sulfonamide; tertiary amino compound	EC 2.7.11.17 (Ca(2+)/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase) inhibitor; geroprotector
kn 62 KN 62: inhibitor of Ca/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase II	3.8	11	0	piperazines
sb 271046 SB 271046: 5-HT(6) receptor antagonist; structure in first source	3.13	5	0
sulprostone sulprostone: structure	2.03	1	0	prostanoid
7,7-dimethyl-5,8-eicosadienoic acid 7,7-dimethyl-5,8-eicosadienoic acid: RN given refers to (Z,Z)-isomer; RN for cpd without isomeric designation not available 6/89	2	1	0	long-chain fatty acid
octadecadienoic acid octadecadienoic acid: location of unsaturation not specified. octadecadienoate : A long-chain, unsaturated fatty acid anion formed by deprotonation of the carboxy group of any octadecadienoic acid; major species at pH 7.3.. octadecadienoic acid : Any straight-chain, C18 polyunsaturated fatty acid having two C=C double bonds.	2.05	1	0
10-hydroxy-2-decenoic acid (E)-10-hydroxydec-2-enoic acid : An omega-hydroxy amino acid that is 2-decenoic acid in which one of the hydrogens attached to the terminal carbon is replaced by a hydroxy group and in which the C=C double bond has E configuration. It is a component of royal jelly.	2.15	1	0	alpha,beta-unsaturated monocarboxylic acid; hydroxy monounsaturated fatty acid; omega-hydroxy-medium-chain fatty acid; straight-chain fatty acid	animal metabolite; geroprotector
1,2-oleoylphosphatidylcholine 1,2-oleoylphosphatidylcholine: RN given refers to (Z,Z)-isomer. dioleoyl phosphatidylcholine : A phosphatidylcholine in which the phosphatidyl acyl groups are both oleoyl.	2.72	3	0	phosphatidylcholine(1+)
uliginosin b uliginosin B: structure in first source	2.1	1	0
biliverdine [no description available]	2.01	1	0
bisdemethoxycurcumin curcumin III: structure in first source. bisdemethoxycurcumin : A beta-diketone that is methane in which two of the hydrogens are substituted by 4-hydroxycinnamoyl groups.	2.05	1	0	beta-diketone; diarylheptanoid; enone; polyphenol	EC 3.2.1.1 (alpha-amylase) inhibitor; metabolite
andrographolide [no description available]	2.25	1	0	carbobicyclic compound; gamma-lactone; labdane diterpenoid; primary alcohol; secondary alcohol	anti-HIV agent; anti-inflammatory drug; antineoplastic agent; metabolite
kaempferol-3-o-rutinoside kaempferol-3-O-rutinoside: isolated from the methanolic extract of the whole plants of Diodia teres through repeated silica gel and Sephadex LH-20 column chromatography; structure in first source. kaempferol-3-rutinoside : A kaempferol O-glucoside that is kaempferol attached to a rutinosyl [6-deoxy-alpha-L-mannosyl-(1->6)-beta-D-glucosyl] residue at position 3 via a glycosidic linkage. It has been isolated from the leaves of Solanum campaniforme.	2.06	1	0	disaccharide derivative; kaempferol O-glucoside; rutinoside; trihydroxyflavone	metabolite; plant metabolite; radical scavenger
icariin [no description available]	2.55	2	0	flavonols; glycosyloxyflavone	antioxidant; bone density conservation agent; EC 3.1.4.35 (3',5'-cyclic-GMP phosphodiesterase) inhibitor; phytoestrogen
ligustilide ligustilide: found in Umbelliferae plants; RN given refers to cpd without isomeric designation; structure in first source	2.11	1	0	butenolide	metabolite
sappanchalcone sappanchalcone: RN given from Toxline; RN not in Chemline 3/85; structure given in first source. sappanchalcone : A member of the class of chalcones that consists of trans-chalcone substituted by hydroxy groups at positions 3, 4 and 4' and a methoxy group at position 2'. Isolated from Caesalpinia sappan, it exhibits neuroprotective and cytoprotective activity.	2.05	1	0	catechols; chalcones; monomethoxybenzene	anti-allergic agent; anti-inflammatory agent; antioxidant; metabolite
muromonab-cd3 cudraflavone B: antiproliferative from Cudrania tricuspidata. cudraflavone B : An extended flavonoid that consists of a pyranochromane skeleton that is 2H,6H-pyrano[3,2-g]chromen-6-one substituted by geminal methyl groups at position 2, a 2,4-dihydroxyphenyl group at position 8, a hydroxy group at position 5 and a prenyl group at position 7. Isolated from Morus alba and Morus species it exhibits anti-inflammatory activity.	2.1	1	0	extended flavonoid; pyranochromane; trihydroxyflavone	anti-inflammatory agent; plant metabolite
caryophyllene caryophyllene: RN given refers to cpd without isomeric designation; structure given in first source	2.1	1	0
1-(4-(6-bromobenzo(1,3)dioxol-5-yl)-3a,4,5,9b-tetrahydro-3h-cyclopenta(c)quinolin-8-yl)ethanone 1-(4-(6-bromobenzo(1,3)dioxol-5-yl)-3a,4,5,9b-tetrahydro-3H-cyclopenta(c)quinolin-8-yl)ethanone: G-1 was able to induce both c-fos expression and proliferation in the ERalpha-negative/GPR30-positive SKBR3 breast cancer cells, the requirement for ERalpha expression in GPR30/EGFR signaling may depend on the specific cellular context of different tumor types	2.21	1	0	agonist
malealdehyde malealdehyde: RN given refers to cpd without isomeric designation; fumaraldehyde refers to (E)-isomer	2.1	1	0	but-2-enedial
furazolidone [no description available]	2.05	1	0
fluvoxamine Fluvoxamine: A selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor that is used in the treatment of DEPRESSION and a variety of ANXIETY DISORDERS.. fluvoxamine : An oxime O-ether that is benzene substituted by a (1E)-N-(2-aminoethoxy)-5-methoxypentanimidoyl group at position 1 and a trifluoromethyl group at position 4. It is a selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor that is used for the treatment of obsessive-compulsive disorder.	2.74	3	0	(trifluoromethyl)benzenes; 5-methoxyvalerophenone O-(2-aminoethyl)oxime	antidepressant; anxiolytic drug; serotonin uptake inhibitor
casein kinase ii Casein Kinase II: A ubiquitous casein kinase that is comprised of two distinct catalytic subunits and dimeric regulatory subunit. Casein kinase II has been shown to phosphorylate a large number of substrates, many of which are proteins involved in the regulation of gene expression.	3.8	11	0
ag-490 [no description available]	2.46	2	0	catechols; enamide; monocarboxylic acid amide; nitrile; secondary carboxamide	anti-inflammatory agent; antioxidant; apoptosis inducer; EC 2.7.10.2 (non-specific protein-tyrosine kinase) inhibitor; geroprotector; STAT3 inhibitor
semaxinib semaxanib : An oxindole that is 3-methyleneoxindole in which one of the hydrogens of the methylene group is replaced by a 3,5-dimethylpyrrol-2-yl group.	2.05	1	0	olefinic compound; oxindoles; pyrroles	angiogenesis modulating agent; antineoplastic agent; EC 2.7.10.1 (receptor protein-tyrosine kinase) inhibitor; vascular endothelial growth factor receptor antagonist
orantinib orantinib: an antiangiogenic agent. orantinib : An oxindole that is 3-methyleneoxindole in which one of the hydrogens of the methylene group is substituted by a 2-(2-carboxyethyl)-3,5-dimethylpyrrol-3-yl group. It is an ATP-competitive inhibitor of the tyrosine kinase activity of fibroblast growth factor receptor 1.	2.05	1	0
palbociclib [no description available]	7.6	1	0	aminopyridine; aromatic ketone; cyclopentanes; piperidines; pyridopyrimidine; secondary amino compound; tertiary amino compound	antineoplastic agent; EC 2.7.11.22 (cyclin-dependent kinase) inhibitor
fosbretabulin fosbretabulin: a microtubule destabilizing agent isolated from Combretum caffrum; structure in first source	3.23	4	0
ergothioneine ergothioneine thione form : A L-histidine derivative that is N(alpha),N(alpha),N(alpha)-trimethyl-L-histidine in which the hydrogen at position 2 on the imdazole ring is replaced by a thioxo group.	7.36	2	0	1,3-dihydroimidazole-2-thiones; amino-acid betaine; L-histidine derivative; sulfur-containing amino acid	antioxidant; chelator; fungal metabolite; plant metabolite; xenobiotic metabolite
guttiferone a guttiferone A: antibacterial from Clusiaceae family; structure in first source	2.07	1	0
lead Lead: A soft, grayish metal with poisonous salts; atomic number 82, atomic weight 207.2, symbol Pb.	7.25	53	0	carbon group element atom; elemental lead; metal atom	neurotoxin
tin [no description available]	1.96	1	0	carbon group element atom; elemental tin; metal atom	micronutrient
12-hydroxy-5,8,10,14-eicosatetraenoic acid 12-Hydroxy-5,8,10,14-eicosatetraenoic Acid: A lipoxygenase metabolite of ARACHIDONIC ACID. It is a highly selective ligand used to label mu-opioid receptors in both membranes and tissue sections. The 12-S-HETE analog has been reported to augment tumor cell metastatic potential through activation of protein kinase C. (J Pharmacol Exp Ther 1995; 274(3):1545-51; J Natl Cancer Inst 1994; 86(15):1145-51)	4.02	4	0
6,7-dihydroxyflavone 6,7-dihydroxyflavone: intensifies effect of antibiotics on Staphylococcus aureus; structure in first source	2.84	3	0
8-(3-chlorostyryl)caffeine 8-(3-chlorostyryl)caffeine: adenosine antagonist. 8-(3-chlorostyryl)caffeine : Caffeine substituted at its 8-position by an (E)-3-chlorostyryl group.	2.48	2	0	monochlorobenzenes; trimethylxanthine	adenosine A2A receptor antagonist; EC 1.4.3.4 (monoamine oxidase) inhibitor
bay 11-7082 (E)-3-tosylacrylonitrile : A nitrile that is acrylonitrile in which the hydrogen located beta,trans to the cyano group is replaced by a tosyl group. It is an inhibitor of cytokine-induced IkappaB-alpha phosphorylation in cells.	2.8	3	0	nitrile; sulfone	apoptosis inducer; EC 2.7.11.10 (IkappaB kinase) inhibitor; EC 3.1.3.48 (protein-tyrosine-phosphatase) inhibitor; non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug; platelet aggregation inhibitor
(6E)-7-[3-(4-fluorophenyl)-1-(propan-2-yl)-1H-indol-2-yl]-3,5-dihydroxyhept-6-enoic acid (6E)-7-[3-(4-fluorophenyl)-1-(propan-2-yl)-1H-indol-2-yl]-3,5-dihydroxyhept-6-enoic acid : A dihydroxy monocarboxylic acid that is N-isopropylindole which is substituted at position 3 by a p-fluorophenyl group and at position 2 by a 6-carboxy-3,5-dihydroxyhex-1-en-1-yl group. It has four possible diastereoisomers.	2.05	1	0	dihydroxy monocarboxylic acid; indoles; organofluorine compound
5,5',6,6'-tetrachloro-1,1',3,3'-tetraethylbenzimidazolocarbocyanine 5,5',6,6'-tetrachloro-1,1',3,3'-tetraethylbenzimidazolocarbocyanine: structure given in first source. 1,1',3,3'-tetraethyl-5,5',6,6'-tetrachloroimidacarbocyanine : The cationic form of a C3 cyanine dye having 1,3-diethyl-5,6-dichloroindoleinine units at each end.	3.4	7	0	cyanine dye; indolium ion	fluorochrome
molsidomine [no description available]	2.05	1	0	ethyl ester; morpholines; oxadiazole; zwitterion	antioxidant; apoptosis inhibitor; cardioprotective agent; nitric oxide donor; vasodilator agent
diamide Diamide: A sulfhydryl reagent which oxidizes sulfhydryl groups to the disulfide form. It is a radiation-sensitizing agent of anoxic bacterial and mammalian cells.	2.43	2	0	1,1'-azobis(N,N-dimethylformamide)
15-hydroxy-11 alpha,9 alpha-(epoxymethano)prosta-5,13-dienoic acid 15-Hydroxy-11 alpha,9 alpha-(epoxymethano)prosta-5,13-dienoic Acid: A stable prostaglandin endoperoxide analog which serves as a thromboxane mimetic. Its actions include mimicking the hydro-osmotic effect of VASOPRESSIN and activation of TYPE C PHOSPHOLIPASES. (From J Pharmacol Exp Ther 1983;224(1): 108-117; Biochem J 1984;222(1):103-110)	2.17	1	0
antimony Antimony: A metallic element that has the atomic symbol Sb, atomic number 51, and atomic weight 121.75. It is used as a metal alloy and as medicinal and poisonous salts. It is toxic and an irritant to the skin and the mucous membranes.	2.04	1	0	metalloid atom; pnictogen
cesium Cesium: A member of the alkali metals. It has an atomic symbol Cs, atomic number 50, and atomic weight 132.91. Cesium has many industrial applications, including the construction of atomic clocks based on its atomic vibrational frequency.	4.81	32	0	alkali metal atom
barium Barium: An element of the alkaline earth group of metals. It has an atomic symbol Ba, atomic number 56, and atomic weight 138. All of its acid-soluble salts are poisonous.	6.76	58	0	alkaline earth metal atom; elemental barium
7,8-dihydroxy-4-methylcoumarin 7,8-dihydroxy-4-methylcoumarin: possess strong antioxidant and radical scavenging activities; structure in first source	2.11	1	0	hydroxycoumarin
flavokawain b flavokawain B: from Piper methysticum Forst (Kava Kava) roots; structure in first source. flavokawain B : A member of the class of chalcones that consists of trans-chalcone substituted by hydroxy group at positions 2' and methoxy groups at positions 4' and 6'. Isolated from Piper methysticum and Piper rusbyi, it exhibits antileishmanial, anti-inflammatory and antineoplastic activities.	2.05	1	0	chalcones; dimethoxybenzene; phenols	anti-inflammatory agent; antileishmanial agent; antineoplastic agent; apoptosis inducer; metabolite
muconic acid muconic acid: a metabolite of benzene; reported to be a reliable indicator of occupational exposure to benzene; structure given in first source. trans,trans-muconic acid : The trans,trans-isomer of muconic acid. It is metabolite of benzene in humans and serves as a biomarker of occupational exposure to benzene.. muconic acid : A hexadienedioic acid with unsaturation at positions 2 and 4.	6.99	1	0	muconic acid	biomarker; human xenobiotic metabolite
rubidium Rubidium: An element that is an alkali metal. It has an atomic symbol Rb, atomic number 37, and atomic weight 85.47. It is used as a chemical reagent and in the manufacture of photoelectric cells.	6.16	25	0	alkali metal atom
trimethyltin trimethyltin : An organotin compound that consists of stannane in which three of the four hydrogens are substituted by methyl groups.	3.24	6	0
aluminum Aluminum: A metallic element that has the atomic number 13, atomic symbol Al, and atomic weight 26.98.	6.71	43	0	boron group element atom; elemental aluminium; metal atom
levorphanol Levorphanol: A narcotic analgesic that may be habit-forming. It is nearly as effective orally as by injection.	3.57	3	0	morphinane alkaloid
strontium Strontium: An element of the alkaline earth family of metals. It has the atomic symbol Sr, atomic number 38, and atomic weight 87.62.	3.95	13	0	alkaline earth metal atom
thallium Thallium: A heavy, bluish white metal, atomic number 81, atomic weight [204.382; 204.385], symbol Tl.. thallium : A metallic element first identified and named from the brilliant green line in its flame spectrum (from Greek thetaalphalambdalambdaomicronsigma, a green shoot).	3.54	8	0	boron group element atom
alternariol alternariol: structure. alternariol : A benzochromenone that is 6H-benzo[c]chromen-6-one which is substituted by a methyl group at position 1 and by hydroxy groups at positions 3, 7, and 9. It is the most important mycotoxin produced by the black mould Alternaria species, which are the most common mycoflora infecting small grain cereals worldwide.	1.97	1	0	benzochromenone; phenols	EC 3.1.1.8 (cholinesterase) inhibitor; metabolite; mycotoxin
arsenic Arsenic: A shiny gray element with atomic symbol As, atomic number 33, and atomic weight 75. It occurs throughout the universe, mostly in the form of metallic arsenides. Most forms are toxic. According to the Fourth Annual Report on Carcinogens (NTP 85-002, 1985), arsenic and certain arsenic compounds have been listed as known carcinogens. (From Merck Index, 11th ed)	5.61	23	0	metalloid atom; pnictogen	micronutrient
naltrexone Naltrexone: Derivative of noroxymorphone that is the N-cyclopropylmethyl congener of NALOXONE. It is a narcotic antagonist that is effective orally, longer lasting and more potent than naloxone, and has been proposed for the treatment of heroin addiction. The FDA has approved naltrexone for the treatment of alcohol dependence.. naltrexone : An organic heteropentacyclic compound that is naloxone substituted in which the allyl group attached to the nitrogen is replaced by a cyclopropylmethyl group. A mu-opioid receptor antagonist, it is used to treat alcohol dependence.	8.52	36	0	cyclopropanes; morphinane-like compound; organic heteropentacyclic compound	antidote to opioid poisoning; central nervous system depressant; environmental contaminant; mu-opioid receptor antagonist; xenobiotic
morphine-6-glucuronide morphine-6-glucuronide: RN given refers to (5alpha,6alpha)-isomer	2.03	1	0	morphinane alkaloid
dextromethorphan Dextromethorphan: Methyl analog of DEXTRORPHAN that shows high affinity binding to several regions of the brain, including the medullary cough center. This compound is an NMDA receptor antagonist (RECEPTORS, N-METHYL-D-ASPARTATE) and acts as a non-competitive channel blocker. It is one of the widely used ANTITUSSIVES, and is also used to study the involvement of glutamate receptors in neurotoxicity.. dextromethorphan : A 6-methoxy-11-methyl-1,3,4,9,10,10a-hexahydro-2H-10,4a-(epiminoethano)phenanthrene in which the sterocenters at positions 4a, 10 and 10a have S-configuration. It is a prodrug of dextrorphan and used as an antitussive drug for suppressing cough.	7.86	24	2	6-methoxy-11-methyl-1,3,4,9,10,10a-hexahydro-2H-10,4a-(epiminoethano)phenanthrene	antitussive; environmental contaminant; neurotoxin; NMDA receptor antagonist; oneirogen; prodrug; xenobiotic
dextrorphan Dextrorphan: Dextro form of levorphanol. It acts as a noncompetitive NMDA receptor antagonist, among other effects, and has been proposed as a neuroprotective agent. It is also a metabolite of DEXTROMETHORPHAN.	5.16	11	0	morphinane alkaloid
alternariol monomethyl ether djalonensone : A benzochromenone that is alternariol in which the hydroxy group at position 9 has been converted into the corresponding methyl ether. A natural product found in Chaetomium globosum as well as being one of the two most important compounds belonging to the group of Altenaria mycotoxins.	1.97	1	0	aromatic ether; benzochromenone	antifungal agent; fungal metabolite; mycotoxin
gallium Gallium: A rare, metallic element designated by the symbol, Ga, atomic number 31, and atomic weight 69.72.. gallium atom : A metallic element predicted as eka-aluminium by Mendeleev in 1870 and discovered by Paul-Emile Lecoq de Boisbaudran in 1875. Named in honour of France (Latin Gallia) and perhaps also from the Latin gallus cock, a translation of Lecoq.	2.03	1	0	boron group element atom
butorphanol Butorphanol: A synthetic morphinan analgesic with narcotic antagonist action. It is used in the management of severe pain.. butorphanol : Levorphanol in which a hydrogen at position 14 of the morphinan skeleton is substituted by hydroxy and one of the hydrogens of the N-methyl group is substituted by cyclopropyl. A semi-synthetic opioid agonist-antagonist analgesic, it is used as its (S,S)-tartaric acid salt for relief or moderate to severe pain.	4.99	7	0	morphinane alkaloid	antitussive; kappa-opioid receptor agonist; mu-opioid receptor agonist; opioid analgesic
cefixime [no description available]	2.05	1	0	cephalosporin	antibacterial drug; drug allergen
lisinopril Lisinopril: One of the ANGIOTENSIN-CONVERTING ENZYME INHIBITORS (ACE inhibitors), orally active, that has been used in the treatment of hypertension and congestive heart failure.	2.41	2	0	dipeptide	EC 3.4.15.1 (peptidyl-dipeptidase A) inhibitor
ramipril Ramipril: A long-acting angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor. It is a prodrug that is transformed in the liver to its active metabolite ramiprilat.. ramipril : A dipeptide that is the prodrug for ramiprilat, the active metabolite obtained by hydrolysis of the ethyl ester group. An angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitor, used to treat high blood pressure and congestive heart failure.. quark : Quarks comprise one of two classes of the fundamental particles. Quarks possess fractional electric charges and are not observed in free state. The word "quark" first appears in James Joyce's Finnegans Wake and has been chosen by Murray Gell-Mann as a name for fundamental building blocks of particles.	2.46	2	0	azabicycloalkane; cyclopentapyrrole; dicarboxylic acid monoester; dipeptide; ethyl ester	bradykinin receptor B2 agonist; cardioprotective agent; EC 3.4.15.1 (peptidyl-dipeptidase A) inhibitor; matrix metalloproteinase inhibitor; prodrug
batimastat batimastat: structure given in first source; a synthetic matrix metalloproteinase inhibitor. batimastat : A secondary carboxamide resulting from the formal condensation of the carboxy group of (2S,3R)-5-methyl-3-{[(2S)-1-(methylamino)-1-oxo-3-phenylpropan-2-yl]carbamoyl}-2-[(thiophen-2-ylsulfanyl)methyl]hexanoic acid with the amino group of hydroxylamine. It a broad-spectrum matrix metalloprotease inhibitor.	2	1	0	hydroxamic acid; L-phenylalanine derivative; organic sulfide; secondary carboxamide; thiophenes; triamide	angiogenesis inhibitor; antineoplastic agent; matrix metalloproteinase inhibitor
indinavir sulfate Indinavir: A potent and specific HIV protease inhibitor that appears to have good oral bioavailability.	2.05	1	0	dicarboxylic acid diamide; N-(2-hydroxyethyl)piperazine; piperazinecarboxamide	HIV protease inhibitor
sulfur Sulfur: An element that is a member of the chalcogen family. It has an atomic symbol S, atomic number 16, and atomic weight [32.059; 32.076]. It is found in the amino acids cysteine and methionine.	5.51	21	0	chalcogen; nonmetal atom	macronutrient
methylazoxymethanol acetate Methylazoxymethanol Acetate: The aglycone of CYCASIN. It acts as a potent carcinogen and neurotoxin and inhibits hepatic DNA, RNA, and protein synthesis.	4	4	0	azoxy compound
geldanamycin [no description available]	4.04	5	0
methoprene Methoprene: Juvenile hormone analog and insect growth regulator used to control insects by disrupting metamorphosis. Has been effective in controlling mosquito larvae.	2.1	1	0	isopropyl 11-methoxy-3,7,11-trimethyldodeca-2,4-dienoate; isopropyl ester	juvenile hormone mimic
piperic acid piperinic acid: from Piper longum; structure in first source. (E,E)-piperic acid : A monocarboxylic acid that is (E)-penta-2,4-dienoic acid substituted by a 1,3-benzodioxol-5-yl group at position 5. It has been isolated from black pepper (Piper nigrum).	7.04	1	0	alpha,beta-unsaturated monocarboxylic acid; benzodioxoles	plant metabolite
monocrotophos Monocrotophos: An organophosphate insecticide that inhibits monoamine oxidase and acetylcholinesterase. It has been shown to be genotoxic.. monocrotophos : An alkenyl phosphate that is the 4-(methylamino)-4-oxobut-2-en-2-yl ester of dimethyl phosphate.	2.31	1	0	alkenyl phosphate; dialkyl phosphate; monocarboxylic acid amide; organophosphate insecticide	acaricide; agrochemical; avicide; EC 1.4.3.4 (monoamine oxidase) inhibitor; EC 3.1.1.7 (acetylcholinesterase) inhibitor; EC 3.1.1.8 (cholinesterase) inhibitor
isoalloxazine isoalloxazine: structure	2.02	1	0	benzo[g]pteridine-2,4-dione
plastoquinone [no description available]	3.1	5	0	plastoquinone
diphenylhexatriene Diphenylhexatriene: A fluorescent compound that emits light only in specific configurations in certain lipid media. It is used as a tool in the study of membrane lipids.	2.4	2	0	alkatriene	fluorochrome
aldosterone dehydrodiisoeugenol: an isoeugenol dimer, inhibits lipopolysaccharide-stimulated nuclear factor kappa B activation and cyclooxygenase-2 expression in macrophages; structure in first source	2.02	1	0
veratrine Veratrine: A voltage-gated sodium channel activator.	4.65	28	0	alkaloid
puerarin [no description available]	3.67	9	0	C-glycosyl compound; isoflavonoid
okaramine b okaramine B: structure in first source	2.57	2	0
enalapril Enalapril: An angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor that is used to treat HYPERTENSION and HEART FAILURE.. enalapril : A dicarboxylic acid monoester that is ethyl 4-phenylbutanoate in which a hydrogen alpha to the carboxy group is substituted by the amino group of L-alanyl-L-proline (S-configuration).	2.7	3	0	dicarboxylic acid monoester; dipeptide	antihypertensive agent; EC 3.4.15.1 (peptidyl-dipeptidase A) inhibitor; geroprotector; prodrug
nitrofurazone Nitrofurazone: A topical anti-infective agent effective against gram-negative and gram-positive bacteria. It is used for superficial WOUNDS AND INJURIES and skin infections. Nitrofurazone has also been administered orally in the treatment of TRYPANOSOMIASIS.. nitrofurazone : A semicarbazone resulting from the formal condensation of semicarbazide with 5-nitrofuraldehyde. A broad spectrum antibacterial drug, although with little activity against Pseudomonas species, it is used as a local application for burns, ulcers, wounds and skin infections.	2.05	1	0
cytochalasin a [no description available]	2.03	1	0	cytochalasin
cytochalasin e cytochalasin E: structure	2	1	0	cytochalasan alkaloid	metabolite
dimyristoylphosphatidylcholine 1,2-di-O-myristoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine : A 1,2-diacyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine where the two phosphatidyl acyl groups are specified as tetradecanoyl (myristoyl).. dimyristoyl phosphatidylcholine : A phosphatidylcholine where the phosphatidyl acyl groups are specified as tetradecanoyl (myristoyl).	3.13	5	0	1,2-diacyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine; phosphatidylcholine 28:0; tetradecanoate ester	antigen; mouse metabolite
ecdysterone Ecdysterone: A steroid hormone that regulates the processes of MOLTING or ecdysis in insects. Ecdysterone is the 20-hydroxylated ECDYSONE.. 20-hydroxyecdysone : An ecdysteroid that is ecdysone substituted by a hydroxy group at position 20.	3.12	5	0	14alpha-hydroxy steroid; 20-hydroxy steroid; 22-hydroxy steroid; 25-hydroxy steroid; 2beta-hydroxy steroid; 3beta-sterol; ecdysteroid; phytoecdysteroid	animal metabolite; plant metabolite
deoxyribose [no description available]	2.92	4	0	deoxypentose	human metabolite; mouse metabolite; Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite
fumarates Fumarates: Compounds based on fumaric acid.. fumarate(2-) : A C4-dicarboxylate that is the E-isomer of but-2-enedioate(2-)	6.06	29	0	butenedioate; C4-dicarboxylate	human metabolite; metabolite; Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite
phycocyanobilin phycocyanobilin: tetrapyrrole prosthetic group of phycocyanin protein. phycocyanobilin : A bilin that consists of 8,12-bis(2-carboxyethyl)-18-ethyl-3-ethylidene-2,7,13,17-tetramethyl-2,3-dihydrobilin bearing two oxo substituents at positions 1 and 19.	2.08	1	0
beryllium Beryllium: An element with the atomic symbol Be, atomic number 4, and atomic weight 9.01218. Short exposure to this element can lead to a type of poisoning known as BERYLLIOSIS.. beryllium atom : Alkaline earth metal atom with atomic number 4.	3.6	9	0	alkaline earth metal atom; elemental beryllium; metal allergen	adjuvant; carcinogenic agent; epitope
bleomycin [no description available]	2.05	1	0	bleomycin	antineoplastic agent; metabolite
tyrosine [no description available]	2.42	2	0	alpha-amino-acid radical
cysteine Cysteine: A thiol-containing non-essential amino acid that is oxidized to form CYSTINE.. L-cysteinium : The L-enantiomer of cysteinium.. cysteine : A sulfur-containing amino acid that is propanoic acid with an amino group at position 2 and a sulfanyl group at position 3.	15.23	442	2	cysteinium	fundamental metabolite
silicon Silicon: A trace element that constitutes about 27.6% of the earth's crust in the form of SILICON DIOXIDE. It does not occur free in nature. Silicon has the atomic symbol Si, atomic number 14, and atomic weight [28.084; 28.086].	9	13	0	carbon group element atom; metalloid atom; nonmetal atom
n-acetylmuramic acid N-acetylmuramic acid: RN given refers to D-Glucopyranose, (R)-isomer. N-acetyl-D-muramic acid : The pyranose form of N-acetylmuramic acid.	2.08	1	0	N-acetylmuramic acid
phosphorus Phosphorus: A non-metal element that has the atomic symbol P, atomic number 15, and atomic weight 31. It is an essential element that takes part in a broad variety of biochemical reactions.	5.95	34	0	monoatomic phosphorus; nonmetal atom; pnictogen	macronutrient
boron Boron: A trace element with the atomic symbol B, atomic number 5, and atomic weight [10.806; 10.821]. Boron-10, an isotope of boron, is used as a neutron absorber in BORON NEUTRON CAPTURE THERAPY.	2.8	3	0	boron group element atom; metalloid atom; nonmetal atom	micronutrient
bialaphos bilanafos : A tripeptide comprising one L-phosphinothricyl and two L-alanyl units joined in sequence.	2	1	0	phosphinic acids; tripeptide	antimicrobial agent; bacterial metabolite
heroin Heroin: A narcotic analgesic that may be habit-forming. It is a controlled substance (opium derivative) listed in the U.S. Code of Federal Regulations, Title 21 Parts 329.1, 1308.11 (1987). Sale is forbidden in the United States by Federal statute. (Merck Index, 11th ed). heroin : A morphinane alkaloid that is morphine bearing two acetyl substituents on the O-3 and O-6 positions. As with other opioids, heroin is used as both an analgesic and a recreational drug. Frequent and regular administration is associated with tolerance and physical dependence, which may develop into addiction. Its use includes treatment for acute pain, such as in severe physical trauma, myocardial infarction, post-surgical pain, and chronic pain, including end-stage cancer and other terminal illnesses.	5.6	13	0	morphinane alkaloid	mu-opioid receptor agonist; opioid analgesic; prodrug
enkephalin, ala(2)-mephe(4)-gly(5)- [no description available]	2.08	1	0	peptide
enalaprilat anhydrous Enalaprilat: The active metabolite of ENALAPRIL and one of the potent, intravenously administered, ANGIOTENSIN-CONVERTING ENZYME INHIBITORS. It is an effective agent for the treatment of essential hypertension and has beneficial hemodynamic effects in heart failure. The drug produces renal vasodilation with an increase in sodium excretion.. enalaprilat dihydrate : The dihydrate form of enalaprilat, an angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitor that is used (often in the form of its prodrug, enalapril) in the treatment of hypertension and heart failure, for reduction of proteinuria and renal disease in patients with nephropathies, and for the prevention of stroke, myocardial infarction, and cardiac death in high-risk patients. Unlike enalapril, enalaprilat is not absorbed by mouth but is administered by intravenous injection.. enalaprilat (anhydrous) : Enalapril in which the ethyl ester group has been hydrolysed to the corresponding carboxylic acid. Enalaprilat is an angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitor and is used (often in the form of its prodrug, enalapril) in the treatment of hypertension and heart failure, for reduction of proteinuria and renal disease in patients with nephropathies, and for the prevention of stroke, myocardial infarction, and cardiac death in high-risk patients. Unlike enalapril, enalaprilat is not absorbed by mouth but is given by intravenous injection, usually as the dihydrate.	2.48	2	0	dicarboxylic acid; dipeptide	antihypertensive agent; EC 3.4.15.1 (peptidyl-dipeptidase A) inhibitor
2,2'-azino-di-(3-ethylbenzothiazoline)-6-sulfonic acid 2,2'-azino-di-(3-ethylbenzothiazoline)-6-sulfonic acid: chromogen in glucose oxidase-peroxidase method for determining serum glucose; used in free radical scavenging assays; structure in first source	2.93	4	0
imidapril imidapril: structure given in first source. imidapril : A member of the class of imidazolidines that is (4S)-1-methyl-2-oxoimidazolidine-4-carboxylic acid in which the hydrogen of the imidazolidine nitrogen has been substituted by (1S)-1-{[(2S)-1-ethoxy-1-oxo-4-phenylbutan-2-yl]amino}ethyl group. It is the prodrug for imidaprilat, an ACE inhibitor used for the treatment of chronic heart failure.	2.05	1	0	dicarboxylic acid monoester; dipeptide; ethyl ester; imidazolidines; N-acylurea; secondary amino compound	antihypertensive agent; EC 3.4.15.1 (peptidyl-dipeptidase A) inhibitor; prodrug
1,1'-diethyl-2,2'-cyanine pseudoisocyanine: metachromatic quinoline tissue stain; may polymerize to yield different colors; also used in fluorescence cytochemistry may bind to DNA; minor descriptor (79-86); on-line & INDEX MEDICUS search QUINOLINES (79-86); RN given refers to parent cpd	2.1	1	0	1,1'-diethyl-2,2'-cyanine; quinolines
n-linolenoyl-l-glutamine N-linolenoyl-L-glutamine: an elicitor of plant volatiles, by membrane-associated enzyme(s) in Manduca sexta	2.01	1	0
poricoic acid a poricoic acid A: from Poria cocos (Polyporaceae); structure in first source. poricoic acid A : A tricyclic triterpenoid isolated from Poria cocos.	2.25	1	0	dicarboxylic acid; secondary alcohol; tricyclic triterpenoid	fungal metabolite
artepillin c artepillin C: RN refers to (E)-isomer	2.21	1	0
sulindac sulfone sulindac sulfone: inhibits K-ras-dependent cyclooxygenase-2; sulfated analog of indomethacin;; CP248 is an antineoplastic agent that fosters microtubule depolymerization; structure in first source. sulindac sulfone : A sulfone metabolite of sulindac that inhibits cell growth by inducing apoptosis independently of cyclooxygenase inhibition. It inhibits the development and induces regression of premalignant adenomatous polyps. Lipoxygenase and Cox-2 inhibitor.	2.05	1	0	monocarboxylic acid; organofluorine compound; sulfone	apoptosis inducer; cyclooxygenase 2 inhibitor; EC 1.13.11.34 (arachidonate 5-lipoxygenase) inhibitor
cinanserin Cinanserin: A serotonin antagonist with limited antihistaminic, anticholinergic, and immunosuppressive activity.. cinanserin : An aryl sulfide that is (2E)-3-phenyl-N-(2-sulfanylphenyl)prop-2-enamide in which the hydrogen of the thiol group is substituted by a 3-(dimethylamino)propyl group. It is a 5-hydroxytryptamine receptor antagonist and an inhibitor of SARS-CoV replication.	2.66	3	0	aryl sulfide; cinnamamides; secondary carboxamide; tertiary amino compound	anticoronaviral agent; antiviral agent; EC 3.4.22.69 (SARS coronavirus main proteinase) inhibitor
pepstatin pepstatin: inhibits the aspartic protease endothiapepsin	3.11	5	0	pentapeptide; secondary carboxamide	bacterial metabolite; EC 3.4.23.* (aspartic endopeptidase) inhibitor
ximelagatran ximelagatran: prodrug (via hydroxylation) of melagatran & a direct thrombin inhibitor; liver toxicity concerns so AZD0837 being developed to replace this. ximelagatran : A member of the class of azetidines that is melagatran in which the carboxylic acid group has been converted to the corresponding ethyl ester and in which the amidine group has been converted into the corresponding amidoxime. A prodrug for melagatran, ximelagatran was the first orally available direct thrombin inhibitor to be brought to market as an anticoagulant, but was withdrawn in 2006 following reports of it causing liver damage.	2.05	1	0	amidoxime; azetidines; carboxamide; ethyl ester; hydroxylamines; secondary amino compound; secondary carboxamide; tertiary carboxamide	anticoagulant; EC 3.4.21.5 (thrombin) inhibitor; prodrug; serine protease inhibitor
ceftriaxone [no description available]	2.05	1	0	1,2,4-triazines; 1,3-thiazoles; cephalosporin; oxime O-ether	antibacterial drug; drug allergen; EC 3.5.2.6 (beta-lactamase) inhibitor
l 685458 L 685458: a gamma-secretase inhibitor; structure in first source. L-685,458 : A peptide and carboxamide that is L-leucyl-L-phenylalaninamide, L-Leu-L-Phe-NH2, which has been acylated on the N-terminus by a Phe-Phe hydroxyethylene dipeptide isotere, 2R-benzyl-5S-tert-butoxycarbonylamino-4R-hydroxy-6-phenylhexanoic acid. Compounds based on the structure of L-685,458 are potent inhibitors of gamma-secretase, which mediates the final catalytic step that generates the amyloid beta-peptide (Abeta), which assembles into the neurotoxic aggregates in the brains of sufferers of Alzheimer's disease.	2.02	1	0	carbamate ester; monocarboxylic acid amide; peptide; secondary alcohol	EC 3.4.23.46 (memapsin 2) inhibitor; peptidomimetic
norbinaltorphimine norbinaltorphimine: kappa opiate receptor antagonist; structure given in first source	4.16	16	0	isoquinolines
n-acetylalanyl-n-methylamide N-acetylalanyl-N-methylamide: an alanine dipeptide; structure given in first source	2.02	1	0
ici 118551 ICI 118551: RN given refers to (R,R)-(+-)-isomer; structure in first source; ICI 111581 is hydrochloride of ICI 118551. ICI 118551 : An indane substituted at position 7 by a methyl group and at position 4 by a 3-(isopropylamino)-2-hydroxybutoxy group (the 2R,3S-diastereomer).	2.93	4	0	aromatic ether; indanes; secondary alcohol; secondary amino compound	beta-adrenergic antagonist
trandolapril trandolapril : A heterobicylic compound that is (2S,3aR,7aS)-1-[(2S)-2-aminopropanoyl]octahydro-1H-indole-2-carboxylic acid in which the hydrogen of the amino group is substituted by a (2R)-1-ethoxy-1-oxo-4-phenylbutan-2-yl group. It is a angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor and a prodrug used for the treatment of hypertension.	2.05	1	0	dicarboxylic acid monoester; dipeptide; ethyl ester; organic heterobicyclic compound; secondary amino compound; tertiary carboxamide	antihypertensive agent; EC 3.4.15.1 (peptidyl-dipeptidase A) inhibitor; prodrug
morphine-3-glucuronide morphine-3-glucuronide: RN given refers to (5alpha,6alpha)-isomer	8.8	3	0	morphinane alkaloid
enkephalin, ala(2)-mephe(4)-gly(5)- Enkephalin, Ala(2)-MePhe(4)-Gly(5)-: An enkephalin analog that selectively binds to the MU OPIOID RECEPTOR. It is used as a model for drug permeability experiments.	6	42	0
licostinel licostinel: a glycine site NMDA receptor antagonist; structure given in first source	1.99	1	0
6-(1h-imidazol-1-yl)-7-nitro-2,3(1h,4h)-quinoxalinedione 6-(1H-imidazol-1-yl)-7-nitro-2,3(1H,4H)-quinoxalinedione: inhibits AMPA receptor binding; structure given in first source	3.78	3	0
3,3'-dipropyl-2,2'-thiadicarbocyanine 3,3'-dipropyl-2,2'-thiadicarbocyanine: potent inhibitor of endogenous respiration of Ehrlich ascites tumor cells; RN given refers to iodide; RN for parent cpd not in Chemline 10/24/83; structure	2.02	1	0
small cardioactive peptide a small cardioactive peptide A: amino acid sequence given in first source	2	1	0
neuromedin c neuromedin C: decapeptide isolated from porcine spinal cord; corresponds to the C-terminal decapeptide of gastrin-releasing peptide; bombesin-like peptide; RN given refers to all (L)-isomer	2.4	2	0
naltrindole benzofuran naltrindole benzofuran: structure given in first source	1.99	1	0	morphinane alkaloid
pregabalin Pregabalin: A gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) derivative that functions as a CALCIUM CHANNEL BLOCKER and is used as an ANTICONVULSANT as well as an ANTI-ANXIETY AGENT. It is also used as an ANALGESIC in the treatment of NEUROPATHIC PAIN and FIBROMYALGIA.. pregabalin : A gamma-amino acid that is gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) carrying an isobutyl substitutent at the beta-position (the S-enantiomer). Binds with high affinity to the alpha2-delta site (an auxiliary subunit of voltage-gated calcium channels) in central nervous system tissues.	10.99	23	2	gamma-amino acid	anticonvulsant; calcium channel blocker
tnp 351 TNP 351: a novel antifolate being evaluated for chemotherapy of lung cancer	1.98	1	0
biphalin biphalin: enkephalin dimer; two fragments of Ala(2)-enkephalin are connected by a diamine bridge to form above cpd; structure given in first source	2.58	2	0
beta-isopropylmalate beta-isopropylmalate: RN given refers to (threo-(D)-isomer)	2.41	2	0
udp-n-acetylmuramylalanine UDP-N-acetylmuramylalanine: important in peptidoglycan synthesis; used for incorporation of D-glutamic acid into peptidoglycan	2.69	3	0
oxyhyponitrite oxyhyponitrite: nitrosating agent; structure given in first source; RN given refers to parent acid	2.73	3	0
n-acetylsphingosine N-acetylsphingosine: inhibits phospholipase D. N-acetylsphingosine : A N-acylsphingosine that has an acetamido group at position 2.	2.4	2	0	N-acylsphingosine
crotonyl-coenzyme a crotonoyl-CoA : The (E)-isomer of but-2-enoyl-CoA.	3.85	3	0	but-2-enoyl-CoA
z-val-ala-asp(ome)-fluoromethylketone z-Val-Ala-Asp(Ome)-fluoromethylketone: confuse with Z-VAD-FMK. Z-Val-Ala-Asp(OMe)-CH2F : A tripeptide consisting of Z-Val-Ala-Asp(OMe) in which the C-terminal OH group has been replaced by a fluoromethyl group. An irreversible pan-caspase inhibitor.	2.02	1	0	carbamate ester; organofluorine compound; tripeptide	apoptosis inhibitor; protease inhibitor
naltrindole naltrindole: delta opioid receptor antagonist	5.03	9	0	isoquinolines
guanabenz acetate [no description available]	2.05	1	0	dichlorobenzene	geroprotector
famotidine [no description available]	2.05	1	0	1,3-thiazoles; guanidines; sulfonamide	anti-ulcer drug; H2-receptor antagonist; P450 inhibitor
bafilomycin a [no description available]	3.12	5	0
resiniferatoxin resiniferatoxin: phorbol related diterpene ester; potent agonist of vanilloid TRPV1 receptors. resiniferatoxin : A heteropentacyclic compound found in Euphorbia poissonii with molecular formula C37H40O9. It is an agonist of the transient receptor potential cation channel subfamily V member 1 (TrpV1).	3.75	10	0	carboxylic ester; diterpenoid; enone; monomethoxybenzene; organic heteropentacyclic compound; ortho ester; phenols; tertiary alpha-hydroxy ketone	analgesic; neurotoxin; plant metabolite; TRPV1 agonist
abscisic acid Abscisic Acid: Abscission-accelerating plant growth substance isolated from young cotton fruit, leaves of sycamore, birch, and other plants, and from potatoes, lemons, avocados, and other fruits.. (S)-2-trans-abscisic acid : A 2-trans-abscisic acid with (S)-configuration at the chiral centre.. (+)-abscisic acid : The naturally occurring (1'S)-(+) enantiomer of abscisic acid. It is an important sesquiterpenoid plant hormone which acts as a regulator of plant responses to environmental stresses such as drought and cold.	3.57	8	0	2-trans-abscisic acid
n-caproylsphingosine N-(hexanoyl)sphing-4-enine : An N-acylsphingosine consisting of sphing-4-enine bearing a hexanoyl group on nitrogen.	2.01	1	0	N-acylsphingosine
benzoylamido-4'-aminostilbene-2,2'-disulfonate [no description available]	1.97	1	0
3,3'-dioctadecylindocarbocyanine 3,3'-dioctadecylindocarbocyanine: RN given refers to parent cpd. dilC18(3)(1+) : The cationic form of a C3 cyanine dye having 3,3-dimethyl-1-octadecylindoleinine units at each end.	2.43	2	0	Cy5 dye; indolium ion	fluorochrome
4-(4-diethylaminostyryl)-n-methylpyridinium 4-(4-diethylaminostyryl)-N-methylpyridinium: fluorescent probe; structure given in first source. 4-(4-diethylaminostyryl)-1-methylpyridinium iodide : An organic iodide salt consisting of pyridinium iodide having a methyl substituent at the 1-position and a 4-diethylaminostyryl substituent at the 4-position.	2.04	1	0	organic iodide salt; pyridinium salt	fluorochrome
true blue true blue: RN given refers to parent cpd	2.39	2	0
carbocyanines Carbocyanines: Compounds that contain three methine groups. They are frequently used as cationic dyes used for differential staining of biological materials.	4.51	23	0	cyanine dye; organic iodide salt	fluorochrome
4,4'-dibenzamido-2,2'-stilbenedisulfonic acid 4,4'-dibenzamido-2,2'-stilbenedisulfonic acid: anion transport inhibitor; RN given refers to parent cpd	2.01	1	0
salubrinal salubrinal: prevents dephosphorylation of eIF2alpha; structure in first source. salubrinal : A member of the class of quinolines that is a mixed aminal resulting from the formal condensation oftrichloroacetaldehyde with the amide nitrogen of trans-cinnamamide and the primary amino group of 1-quinolin-8-ylthiourea. It is a selective inhibitor of cellular complexes that dephosphorylate eukaryotic translation initiation factor 2 subunit alpha (eIF2alpha).	2.31	1	0	aminal; organochlorine compound; quinolines; secondary carboxamide; thioureas
3-(3-pyridinyl)-1-(4-pyridinyl)-2-propen-1-one 3-(3-pyridinyl)-1-(4-pyridinyl)-2-propen-1-one: 6-phosphofructo-2-kinase-fructose-2,6-bisphosphatase isozymes inhibitor; structure in first source	2.21	1	0	enone; pyridines	angiogenesis inhibitor; antineoplastic agent; apoptosis inducer; autophagy inducer; EC 2.7.1.105 (6-phosphofructo-2-kinase) inhibitor
cefotaxime Cefotaxime: Semisynthetic broad-spectrum cephalosporin.. cefotaxime : A cephalosporin compound having acetoxymethyl and [2-(2-amino-1,3-thiazol-4-yl)-2-(methoxyimino)acetyl]amino side groups.	2.4	2	0	1,3-thiazoles; cephalosporin; oxime O-ether	antibacterial drug; drug allergen
aztreonam [no description available]	2.05	1	0	beta-lactam antibiotic allergen; monobactam	antibacterial drug; drug allergen; EC 2.4.1.129 (peptidoglycan glycosyltransferase) inhibitor
syntide-2 syntide-2: amino acid sequence given in first source	1.98	1	0
1-(2-(diphenylmethoxy)ethyl)-4-(3-phenyl-2-propenyl)piperazine 1-(2-(diphenylmethoxy)ethyl)-4-(3-phenyl-2-propenyl)piperazine: dopamine uptake inhibitor and indirect dopamine agonist	2.07	1	0
4-(4-dihexadecylaminostyryl)-n-methylpyridium 4-(4-dihexadecylaminostyryl)-N-methylpyridium: RN refers to iodide. 4-(4-dihexadecylaminostyryl)-N-methylpyridium : A pyridinium cation with a methyl substituent at the 1-position and a 4-(dihexadecylamino)styryl substituent at the 4-position.	2.44	2	0	pyridinium ion; tertiary amine	fluorochrome
cinidon-ethyl Lotus: A genus of the PEA FAMILY. The genus Lotus, formerly known as Tetragonolobus, is unrelated to other plants with the common name of lotus (NELUMBO and NYMPHAEA).. cinidon ethyl : A carboxylic ester and organochlorine compound that is the ethyl ester of cinidon.	2.1	1	0	ethyl ester; isoindoles; monochlorobenzenes	herbicide
6-(bromomethylene)tetrahydro-3-(1-naphthaleneyl)-2h-pyran-2-one 6-(bromomethylene)tetrahydro-3-(1-naphthaleneyl)-2H-pyran-2-one: structure given in first source; potent irreversible, mechanism-based inhibitor of myocardial calcium-independent phospholipase A2	2.04	1	0	naphthalenes
cgp 37849 2-amino-4-methyl-5-phosphono-3-pentenoic acid: N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor antagonist; structure given in first source; RN given refers to cpd without isomeric designation; CGP-40116 is the (R)-enantiomer of CGP-37849; CGP-40017 is the L-isomer	4.14	16	0
ammonium sulfate Ammonium Sulfate: Sulfuric acid diammonium salt. It is used in CHEMICAL FRACTIONATION of proteins.. ammonium sulfate : An inorganic sulfate salt obtained by reaction of sulfuric acid with two equivalents of ammonia. A high-melting (decomposes above 280degreeC) white solid which is very soluble in water (70.6 g/100 g water at 0degreeC; 103.8 g/100 g water at 100degreeC), it is widely used as a fertilizer for alkaline soils.	4.02	14	0	ammonium salt; inorganic sulfate salt	fertilizer
bisabolol bisabolol: monocyclic sesquiterpene alcohol with strong bacteriocidal effects, especilly against M. Tuberc.; isolated from seed plant Populus tacamacaha; RN given refers to cpd without isomeric desigation	2.13	1	0
magnesium citrate magnesium citrate : A magnesium salt composed of magnesium and dibasic citrate ions in a 1:1 ratio.. trimagnesium dicitrate : A magnesium salt composed of magnesium and citrate ions in a 3:2 ratio.	2	1	0	magnesium salt	laxative
2-amino-4-methoxy-3-butenoic acid 2-amino-4-methoxy-3-butenoic acid: bacterial toxin isolated from Pseudomonas aeruginosa; RN given refers to (S-(E))-isomer	2.41	2	0
4,4'-diisothiocyanostilbene-2,2'-disulfonic acid 4,4'-Diisothiocyanostilbene-2,2'-Disulfonic Acid: An inhibitor of anion conductance including band 3-mediated anion transport.	4.74	30	0
4-hydroxy-2-butenoic acid 4-hydroxy-2-butenoic acid: structure given in first source; RN given refers to cpd without isomeric designation	2.01	1	0	hydroxy fatty acid
proguanil Proguanil: A biguanide compound which metabolizes in the body to form cycloguanil, an anti-malaria agent.. proguanil : A biguanide compound which has isopropyl and p-chlorophenyl substituents on the terminal N atoms. A prophylactic antimalarial drug, it works by inhibiting the enzyme dihydrofolate reductase, which is involved in the reproduction of the malaria parasites Plasmodium falciparum and P. vivax within the red blood cells.	2.05	1	0	biguanides; monochlorobenzenes	antimalarial; antiprotozoal drug; EC 1.5.1.3 (dihydrofolate reductase) inhibitor
menaquinone 9 menaquinone-9 : A menaquinone whose side-chain contains 9 isoprene units in an all-trans-configuration.	2.02	1	0	menaquinone	Escherichia coli metabolite
am-356 methanandamide: structure given in first source; RN given refers to (all-Z)-(+-)-isomer	2.44	2	0	fatty amide
22,23-dihydroavermectin b(1)a 22,23-dihydroavermectin B(1)a: C48H74O14; major component of IVERMECTIN; MW 875.093; structure given in first source. 22,23-dihydroavermectin B1a : A macrocyclic lactone that is avermectin B1a in which the double bond present in the spirocyclic ring system has been reduced to a single bond. It is the major component of ivermectin.	1.99	1	0	macrocyclic lactone; spiroketal
monorden monorden: inhibits HSP90 Heat-Shock Proteins, DNA topoisomerase VI and human Topoisomerase II	3.27	1	0	cyclic ketone; enone; epoxide; macrolide antibiotic; monochlorobenzenes; phenols	antifungal agent; metabolite; tyrosine kinase inhibitor
coomassie brilliant blue [no description available]	2.76	3	0
7-(hydroxyimino)cyclopropan(b)chromen-1a-carbxoylic acid ethyl ester [no description available]	2.01	1	0
iodoresiniferatoxin iodoresiniferatoxin: a vanilloid receptor 1 antagonist	3.28	6	0
rifamycin sv rifamycin SV: RN given refers to parent cpd; structure in Merck Index, 9th ed, #8009. rifamycin SV : A member of the class of rifamycins that exhibits antibiotic and antitubercular properties.	2.05	1	0	acetate ester; cyclic ketal; lactam; macrocycle; organic heterotetracyclic compound; polyphenol; rifamycins	antimicrobial agent; antitubercular agent; bacterial metabolite
saralasin Saralasin: An octapeptide analog of angiotensin II (bovine) with amino acids 1 and 8 replaced with sarcosine and alanine, respectively. It is a highly specific competitive inhibitor of angiotensin II that is used in the diagnosis of HYPERTENSION.	2.9	4	0	oligopeptide
tetrodotoxin Tetrodotoxin: An aminoperhydroquinazoline poison found mainly in the liver and ovaries of fishes in the order TETRAODONTIFORMES, which are eaten. The toxin causes paresthesia and paralysis through interference with neuromuscular conduction.. tetrodotoxin : A quinazoline alkaloid that is a marine toxin isolated from fish such as puffer fish. It has been shown to exhibit potential neutotoxicity due to its ability to block voltage-gated sodium channels.	11.7	540	0	azatetracycloalkane; oxatetracycloalkane; quinazoline alkaloid	animal metabolite; bacterial metabolite; marine metabolite; neurotoxin; voltage-gated sodium channel blocker
jatrophone jatrophone: RN refers to (2R-(2R,3aR,9E,12Z))-isomer; structure	2.03	1	0	oxolanes
germanium Germanium: A rare metal element with a blue-gray appearance and atomic symbol Ge, atomic number 32, and atomic weight 72.63.	2.1	1	0	carbon group element atom; metalloid atom; nonmetal atom
selenium Selenium: An element with the atomic symbol Se, atomic number 34, and atomic weight 78.97. It is an essential micronutrient for mammals and other animals but is toxic in large amounts. Selenium protects intracellular structures against oxidative damage. It is an essential component of GLUTATHIONE PEROXIDASE.	3.89	12	0	chalcogen; nonmetal atom	micronutrient
selenocysteine Selenocysteine: A naturally occurring amino acid in both eukaryotic and prokaryotic organisms. It is found in tRNAs and in the catalytic site of some enzymes. The genes for glutathione peroxidase and formate dehydrogenase contain the TGA codon, which codes for this amino acid.. selenocysteine : An alpha-amino acid that consists of alanine where one of the methyl hydrogens is substituted with a seleno group.	2.83	3	0
tellurium Tellurium: An element that is a member of the chalcogen family. It has the atomic symbol Te, atomic number 52, and atomic weight 127.60. It has been used as a coloring agent and in the manufacture of electrical equipment. Exposure may cause nausea, vomiting, and CNS depression.	4.38	6	0	chalcogen; metalloid atom
triethyllead triethyllead: RN given refers to parent cpd	1.97	1	0
oxalates Oxalates: Derivatives of OXALIC ACID. Included under this heading are a broad variety of acid forms, salts, esters, and amides that are derived from the ethanedioic acid structure.	3.59	9	0
1,1-diethyl-2-hydroxy-2-nitrosohydrazine 1,1-diethyl-2-hydroxy-2-nitrosohydrazine: RN given in first source; RN refers to ion(1-); do not confuse with DEA-NO cpd	3.63	9	0	organic anion
5-((methylamino)methyl)-2-selenouridine 5-((methylamino)methyl)-2-selenouridine: naturally occurring nucleotide in bacterial tRNAs; structure given in first source	1.96	1	0
clinoptilolite clinoptilolite: clinoptilolite was SY to zeolite (NM); use zeolites (NM) to search through 1993; RN is for cpd with unknown MF	1.98	1	0
(3S,5S,6E)-7-[3-(4-fluorophenyl)-1-(propan-2-yl)-1H-indol-2-yl]-3,5-dihydroxyhept-6-enoic acid Fluvastatin: An indole-heptanoic acid derivative that inhibits HMG COA REDUCTASE and is used to treat HYPERCHOLESTEROLEMIA. In contrast to other statins, it does not appear to interact with other drugs that inhibit CYP3A4.. (3S,5S,6E)-7-[3-(4-fluorophenyl)-1-(propan-2-yl)-1H-indol-2-yl]-3,5-dihydroxyhept-6-enoic acid : A (6E)-7-[3-(4-fluorophenyl)-1-(propan-2-yl)-1H-indol-2-yl]-3,5-dihydroxyhept-6-enoic acid diastereoisomer in which both chiral centres have S configuration.. fluvastatin : A racemate comprising equimolar amounts of (3R,5S)- and (3S,5R)-fluvastatin. An HMG-CoA reductase inhibitor, it is used (often as the corresponding sodium salt) to reduce triglycerides and LDL-cholesterol, and increase HDL-chloesterol, in the treatment of hyperlipidaemia.	2.04	1	0	(6E)-7-[3-(4-fluorophenyl)-1-(propan-2-yl)-1H-indol-2-yl]-3,5-dihydroxyhept-6-enoic acid
epoprostenol sodium [no description available]	2.05	1	0	prostanoid
3,3'-diethylthiatricarbocyanine 3,3'-diethylthiatricarbocyanine: RN given refers to 3H-labeled parent cpd	1.97	1	0
cgp 39551 CGP 39551: N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor antagonist; structure given in first source	3.24	6	0
diacetylmonoxime diacetylmonoxime: used diagnostically for determining urea in blood; structure; myosin ATPase antagonist. diacetylmonoxime : A ketoxime obtained via formal condensation of butane-2,3-dione with hydroxylamine. It is a reversible myosin ATPase inhibitor.	1.98	1	0
fk 409 FK 409: structure given in first source; from Streptomyces griseoporeus	2.05	1	0
dihydroergotoxine Dihydroergotoxine: A mixture of three different hydrogenated derivatives of ERGOTAMINE: DIHYDROERGOCORNINE; DIHYDROERGOCRISTINE; and DIHYDROERGOCRYPTINE. Dihydroergotoxine has been proposed to be a neuroprotective agent and a nootropic agent. The mechanism of its therapeutic actions is not clear, but it can act as an alpha-adrenergic antagonist and a dopamine agonist. The methanesulfonate salts of this mixture of alkaloids are called ERGOLOID MESYLATES.	1.98	1	0
dizocilpine maleate Dizocilpine Maleate: A potent noncompetitive antagonist of the NMDA receptor (RECEPTORS, N-METHYL-D-ASPARTATE) used mainly as a research tool. The drug has been considered for the wide variety of neurodegenerative conditions or disorders in which NMDA receptors may play an important role. Its use has been primarily limited to animal and tissue experiments because of its psychotropic effects.. dizocilpine maleate : A maleate salt obtained by reaction of dizocilpine with one equivalent of maleic acid.	15.54	1,077	1	maleate salt; tetracyclic antidepressant	anaesthetic; anticonvulsant; neuroprotective agent; nicotinic antagonist; NMDA receptor antagonist
antimycin a Antimycin A: An antibiotic substance produced by Streptomyces species. It inhibits mitochondrial respiration and may deplete cellular levels of ATP. Antimycin A1 has been used as a fungicide, insecticide, and miticide. (From Merck Index, 12th ed). antimycin A : A nine-membered bis-lactone having methyl substituents at the 2- and 6-positions, an n-hexyl substituent at the 8-position, an acyloxy substituent at the 7-position and an aroylamido substituent at the 3-position. It is produced by Streptomyces bacteria and has found commercial use as a fish poison.	4.46	22	0	amidobenzoic acid
ubp 310 UBP 310: a GluR5 antagonist; structure in first source	2.45	2	0
ubp 302 [no description available]	2.43	2	0
prolylglycine prolylglycine: RN given refers to (L)-isomer. L-prolylglycine : A dipeptide consisting of glycine having an L-prolyl group attached to its alpha-amino nitrogen.	1.97	1	0	dipeptide zwitterion; dipeptide
3-methylbutyrylcarnitine 3-methylbutyrylcarnitine: affects 2-oxo acid dehydrogenase activity in intact mitochondria of rat muscle; RN given refers to (R)-isomer. O-isovalerylcarnitine : A C5-acylcarnitine having isovaleryl as the acyl substituent.	2.08	1	0	C5-acylcarnitine	human metabolite
hexanoylcarnitine hexanoylcarnitine: RN given refers to chloride salt; RN for parent cpd not available 11/89. O-hexanoylcarnitine : An O-acylcarnitine compound having hexanoyl as the acyl substituent.	2.48	2	0	hexanoate ester; O-acylcarnitine	human metabolite
pregnanediol [no description available]	1.97	1	0
neramexane [no description available]	2.03	1	0
zoniporide zoniporide: inhibits sodium-hydrogen exchanger isoform-1 (NHE-1)	2.05	1	0
methylazoxymethanol methylazoxymethanol: a neuroteratogen; reacts with guanine residues of DNA & RNA forming 7-methylguanine adduct products; carcinogenicity probably related to biological decomposition into methyldiazonium ion, the ultimate methylating agent; structure in first source	3.79	3	0	azoxy compound
bongkrekic acid Bongkrekic Acid: An antibiotic produced by Pseudomonas cocovenenans. It is an inhibitor of MITOCHONDRIAL ADP, ATP TRANSLOCASES. Specifically, it blocks adenine nucleotide efflux from mitochondria by enhancing membrane binding.. bongkrekic acid : A tricarboxylic acid that is docosa-2,4,8,10,14,18,20-heptaenedioic acid substituted at positions 2 ,5 and 17 by methyl groups, at positions 6 by a methoxy group and at position 20 by a carboxymethyl group. It is produced by the bacterium Burkholderia gladioli and implicated in outbreaks of food-borne illness involving coconut and corn-based products in Indonesia and China.	2.01	1	0	ether; olefinic compound; tricarboxylic acid	apoptosis inhibitor; ATP/ADP translocase inhibitor; bacterial metabolite; EC 2.5.1.18 (glutathione transferase) inhibitor; toxin
cgs 10746b CGS 10746B: selectively decreases dopamine release; structure given in first source	3.06	1	0
cilastatin [no description available]	1.98	1	0	carboxamide; L-cysteine derivative; non-proteinogenic L-alpha-amino acid; organic sulfide	EC 3.4.13.19 (membrane dipeptidase) inhibitor; environmental contaminant; protease inhibitor; xenobiotic
sdz eaa 494 midafotel : A member of the class of piperazines that is piperazine substituted by a carboxy group at position 2R and a (1E)-1-phosphonoprop-1-en-3-yl group at position 4. It is an antagonist of N-methyl-D-aspartate receptors (NMDARs) and was in clinical development by Novartis for the treatment of cognition disorders and brain injuries (now discontinued).	3.1	1	0	monocarboxylic acid; olefinic compound; phosphonic acids; piperazinecarboxylic acid; tertiary amino compound	anticonvulsant; neuroprotective agent; NMDA receptor antagonist
1-palmitoyl-2-oleoylphosphatidylcholine 1-palmitoyl-2-oleoylphosphatidylcholine: RN given refers to (Z)-isomer	2.98	4	0
citreoviridin citreoviridin: formed from Penicillium toxicarium, Penicillium citeoviride; Penicillium ochrosalmoneum on rice during storage	2.17	1	0	2-pyranones
ambruticin ambruticin: cyclopropyl-polyene-pyran acid from Polyangium cellulosum var. fulvum; RN given refers to parent cpd; structure	1.97	1	0
latrunculin b latrunculin B: 14-membered macrolide attached to 2-thiazolidinone moiety; from Red Sea sponge Latrunculia magnifica; see also latrunculin A; structure given in first source. latrunculin B : A macrolide consisting of a 14-membered bicyclic lactone attached to the rare 2-thiazolidinone moiety. It is obtained from the Red Sea sponge Latrunculia magnifica.	2.01	1	0	cyclic hemiketal; macrolide; oxabicycloalkane; thiazolidinone	actin polymerisation inhibitor; metabolite; toxin
bafilomycin a1 bafilomycin A1: from Streptomyces griseus; structure given in first source. bafilomycin A1 : The most used of the bafilomycins, a family of toxic macrolide antibiotics derived from Streptomyces griseus.	4.51	23	0	cyclic hemiketal; macrolide antibiotic; oxanes	apoptosis inducer; autophagy inhibitor; bacterial metabolite; EC 3.6.3.10 (H(+)/K(+)-exchanging ATPase) inhibitor; EC 3.6.3.14 (H(+)-transporting two-sector ATPase) inhibitor; ferroptosis inhibitor; fungicide; potassium ionophore; toxin
himbacine himbacine: muscarine receptor antagonist; RN given refers to (3S-(3alpha,3aalpha,4beta(1E,2(2R,6S)),4abeta,8aalpha,9aalpha))-isomer; structure given in first source. himbacine : A piperidine alkaloid that is decahydronaphtho[2,3-c]furan-1(3H)-one substituted by a methyl group at position 3 and a 2-[(2R,6S)-1,6-dimethylpiperidin-2-yl]ethenyl group at position 4. It has been isolated from the bark of Australian magnolias.	2.05	1	0	gamma-lactone; organic heterotricyclic compound; piperidine alkaloid	muscarinic antagonist
aminoethoxyvinylglycine aminoethoxyvinylglycine: RN given for (S-(E))-isomer	2.05	1	0
oxotremorine sesquifumarate [no description available]	1.99	1	0
1-oleoyl-2-acetylglycerol [no description available]	3.23	6	0	1,2-diglyceride
3-(2-carboxypiperazine-4-yl)-1-propenyl-1-phosphonic acid SDZ EAA 494: N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor antagonist	3.37	7	0
myxothiazol myxothiazol: strobilurin analogue; methoxyacrylamide derivative; antifungal antibiotic from Myxococcus fulvus; structure given in first source. myxothiazol : A 2,4'-bi-1,3-thiazole substituted at the 4-position with a (1E,3S,4R,5E)-7-amino-3,5-dimethoxy-4-methyl-7-oxohepta-1,5-dien-1-yl] group and at the 2'-position with a (2S,3E,5E)-7-methylocta-3,5-dien-2-yl group. It is an inhibitor of coenzyme Q - cytochrome c reductase.	2.48	2	0
1,2-dioleoyloxy-3-(trimethylammonium)propane 1,2-dioleoyloxy-3-(trimethylammonium)propane: fluorescent probe for phospholipids; RN & structure given in first source	2.48	2	0
cgp 39653 CGP 39653: NMDA receptor antagonist; structure given in first source	4.39	21	0
piericidin a piericidin A: pyridine-substituted fatty alcohol antibiotic; minor descriptor (75-85); on-line & Index Medicus search ANTIBIOTICS (75-85); RN given refers to (S-(R,R-(all-E)))-isomer. piericidin A : A member of the class of monohydroxypyridines that acts as an irreversible mitochondrial Complex I inhibitor that strongly associates with ubiquinone binding sites in both mitochondrial and bacterial forms of NADH:ubiquinone oxidoreductase	2.13	1	0	aromatic ether; methylpyridines; monohydroxypyridine; secondary allylic alcohol	antimicrobial agent; bacterial metabolite; EC 1.6.5.3 [NADH:ubiquinone reductase (H(+)-translocating)] inhibitor; mitochondrial respiratory-chain inhibitor
sphingosine phosphorylcholine sphingosine phosphorylcholine: a wound healing agent	2.03	1	0
concanamycin a concanamycin A: from Streptomyces diastatochromogenes S-45; inhibits vacuolar H+ ATPase. concanamycin A : A concanamycin in which the lactone ring contains 4 double bonds and is substituted by 4 methyl groups, 2 hydroxy groups, 2 methoxy groups and an ethyl group.	2.94	4	0	carbamate ester; concanamycin	antifungal agent; EC 3.6.3.14 (H(+)-transporting two-sector ATPase) inhibitor; metabolite
plastochromanol 8 plastochromanol 8: has antiproliferative activity against 3T3-L1 cells and anti-adipogenic activity; structure; plastochromanol 3 is gamma-tocotrienol	2.92	1	0
igmesine [no description available]	2.41	2	0
bis(1,3-dibutylbarbiturate)trimethine oxonol bis(1,3-dibutylbarbiturate)trimethine oxonol: fluorescent probe for membrane potentials	2	1	0
n-(1-(2,3-dioleyloxy)propyl)-n,n,n-trimethylammonium chloride N-(1-(2,3-dioleyloxy)propyl)-N,N,N-trimethylammonium: cationic lipid; structure given in first source	1.97	1	0
microcystin rr microcystin RR: structure given in first source; isolated cyanobacterium	2.05	1	0	microcystin; organic molecular entity	bacterial metabolite; environmental contaminant; xenobiotic
14,15-episulfide eicosatrienoic acid 14,15-episulfide eicosatrienoic acid: inhibits ionophore but not thrombin-induced platelet aggregation	2.15	1	0
pregna-4,17-diene-3,16-dione pregna-4,17-diene-3,16-dione: steroid from guggulu extract; RN & N1 from C1 Form index; RN given refers to cpd without isomeric designation; structure in first source; antagonist of farnesoid X receptor	2.31	1	0	3-hydroxy steroid	androgen
yakuchinone b yakuchinone B: structure in first source	2.03	1	0
bacteriochlorophylls Bacteriochlorophylls: Pyrrole containing pigments found in photosynthetic bacteria.	2.68	3	0
plastoquinol plastoquinol: reduced form of plastoquinone. plastoquinol : A prenyl- or polyprenyl-hydroquinone that results from the reduction of a plastoquinone to the corresponding hydroquinone.. plastoquinol-9 : A plastoquinol in which an all-E nonaprenyl group is attached to position 5 of 2,3-dimethylhydroquinone.	2.01	1	0	plastoquinol
1,2-linoleoylphosphatidylcholine 1,2-linoleoylphosphatidylcholine: used for premature induction of labor in rabbits; RN given refers to (all Z)-isomer	2.06	1	0
menaquinol 6 menaquinol 6: a short chain analog of vitamin K2; physiological electron donor. menaquinol-6 : A menaquinol whose structure comprises a 2-methylbenzohydroquinone nucleus and a side chain of six isoprenoid units.	2.41	2	0	menaquinol	electron donor
2-amino-5-phosphono-3-pentenoic acid 2-amino-5-phosphono-3-pentenoic acid: structure given in first source; RN given refers to (Z-(+-))-isomer	2.44	2	0
liga 20 LIGA 20: a semisynthetic GM1 ganglioside with N-dichloroacetylsphingosine; about ten times more potent than the natural GM2 in protecting neurons in culture against glutamate toxicity	2.4	2	0
rhodoquinone rhodoquinone: methoxy group of ubiquinone substituted with amino group; RN given refers to parent cpd	2.02	1	0
2-(amino)oleic acid 2-(amino)oleic acid: inhibits the calcification of glutaraldehyde-pretreated porcine bioprosthetic heart valves	2	1	0
coniferyl ferulate coniferyl ferulate: found in the rhizome of Cnidium officinale Makino; structure given in first source; RN given refers to cpd without isomeric designation	2.25	1	0
everolimus [no description available]	2.48	2	0	cyclic acetal; cyclic ketone; ether; macrolide lactam; primary alcohol; secondary alcohol	anticoronaviral agent; antineoplastic agent; geroprotector; immunosuppressive agent; mTOR inhibitor
gambierol gambierol: structure in first source	2.05	1	0
emerin emerin: a serine-rich protein; responsible for Emery-Dreifuss muscular dystrophy (EDMD)	2.03	1	0
riligustilide riligustilide: isolated from Angelica sinensis; structure in first source	2.13	1	0
hydroxysafflor yellow a hydroxysafflor yellow A: from Carthamus tinctorius; structure given in first source. hydroxysafflor yellow A : A C-glycosyl compound that is 3,4,5-trihydroxycyclohexa-2,5-dien-1-one which is substituted by beta-D-glucosyl groups at positions 2 and 4, and by a p-hydroxycinnamoyl group at position 6. It is the main bioactive compound of a traditional Chinese medicine obtained from safflower (Carthamus tinctorius).	2.74	3	0
ci 987 CI 987: structure in first source	2	1	0
trk 820 TRK 820: structure in first source	3.58	2	0	phenanthrenes
ixabepilone [no description available]	2.05	1	0	1,3-thiazoles; beta-hydroxy ketone; epoxide; lactam; macrocycle	antineoplastic agent; microtubule-destabilising agent
arvanil arvanil: structure in first source	2.02	1	0	methoxybenzenes; phenols
3-indoleacryloyl-coenzyme a 3-indoleacryloyl-coenzyme A: a chromophoric substrate analog for medium-chain fatty acyl-CoA dehydrogenase	1.99	1	0
dutomycin dutomycin: structure given in first source; isolated from Streptomyces. dutomycin : An anthracycline antibiotic of formula C44H54O17 isolated from Streptomyces species. It directly binds to the human serine protease inhibitor B6 (SERPINB6), inducing autophagy and apoptosis.	2.41	1	0
5-demethoxyubiquinone-9 5-demethoxyubiquinone-9: intermediate in biosynthesis of ubiquinone	2.02	1	0	prenylquinone
trisialoganglioside gt1 [no description available]	2.71	3	0
salvianolic acid B salvianolic acid B: isolated from Salvia miltiorrhiza. salvianolic acid B : A member of the class of 1-benzofurans that is an antioxidant and free radical scavenging compound extracted from S. miltiorrhiza	2.07	1	0	1-benzofurans; catechols; dicarboxylic acid; enoate ester; polyphenol	anti-inflammatory agent; antidepressant; antineoplastic agent; antioxidant; apoptosis inducer; autophagy inhibitor; cardioprotective agent; hepatoprotective agent; hypoglycemic agent; neuroprotective agent; osteogenesis regulator; plant metabolite
i(3)so3-galactosylceramide Sulfoglycosphingolipids: GLYCOSPHINGOLIPIDS with a sulfate group esterified to one of the sugar groups.. 1-(3-O-sulfo-beta-D-galactosyl)-N-tetracosanoylsphingosine : A D-galactosyl-N-acylsphingosine having a sulfo group at the 3-position on the galactose ring and tetracosanoyl as the N-acyl group.	1.97	1	0	galactosylceramide sulfate; N-acyl-beta-D-galactosylsphingosine
cx 614 2H,3H,6aH-pyrrolidino(2'',1''-3',2')1,3-oxazino(6',5'-5,4)benzo(e)1, 4-dioxan-10-one: an ampakine (AMPA receptor modulator); structure in first source	2.57	2	0
rilpivirine [no description available]	2.07	1	0	aminopyrimidine; nitrile	EC 2.7.7.49 (RNA-directed DNA polymerase) inhibitor; HIV-1 reverse transcriptase inhibitor
oxepins Oxepins: Compounds based on a 7-membered heterocyclic ring including an oxygen. They can be considered a medium ring ether. A natural source is the MONTANOA plant genus. Some dibenzo-dioxepins, called depsidones, are found in GARCINIA plants.	2.43	2	0
pros-methylimidazoleacetic acid 1-methyl-5-imidazoleacetic acid : An imidazolyl carboxylic acid that is acetic acid in which one of the methyl hydrogens is substituted by a 1-methylimidazol-5-yl group.	1.98	1	0	imidazolyl carboxylic acid	metabolite
benzilylcholine mustard benzilylcholine mustard: alkylating nitrogen mustard analog with specific affinity for cholinergic muscarinic receptors; the combination is irreversible & used to label & study cholinergic receptor sites; minor descriptor (77-86); online & INDEX MEDICUS search CHOLINE/AA (77-86); RN refers to parent cpd	1.98	1	0
azlocillin Azlocillin: A semisynthetic ampicillin-derived acylureido penicillin.. azlocillin : A semisynthetic penicillin having a 6beta-{(2R)-2-[(2-oxoimidazolidine-1-carbonyl)amino]-2-phenylacetyl}amino side-group. It is an antibiotic used in treating infections caused by Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Escherichia coli and Haemophilus influenzae.	2.05	1	0	penicillin allergen; penicillin; semisynthetic derivative	antibacterial drug
noladin ether noladin ether: a cannabinoid CB1 receptor agonist; structure in first source. 2-arachidonyl glyceryl ether : A monoalkylglycerol that is glycerol which is substituted by a (5Z,8Z,11Z,14Z)-icosa-5,8,11,14-tetraen-1-yl group at position 2.	2.02	1	0	2-alkylglycerol; endocannabinoid; monoalkylglycerol
tanespimycin CP 127374: analog of herbimycin A	2.15	1	0	1,4-benzoquinones; ansamycin; carbamate ester; organic heterobicyclic compound; secondary amino compound	antineoplastic agent; apoptosis inducer; Hsp90 inhibitor
clovamide clovamide: RN given for (Z)-isomer; structure in first source	2.02	1	0	tyrosine derivative
fm1 43 FM1 43: labels motor nerve terminals in an activity-dependent fashion that involves dye uptake by synaptic vesicles that are recycling; structure given in second source	5.72	26	0	organic bromide salt; pyridinium salt; quaternary ammonium salt; tertiary amine	fluorochrome
verlukast verlukast: LTD4 receptor antagonist	2.03	1	0
aurone [no description available]	2.13	1	0	aurones; cyclic ketone
beta-escin [no description available]	5.48	24	0
melibiose alpha-D-Galp-(1->6)-alpha-D-Glcp : A glycosylglucose consisting of alpha-D-galactopyranose and alpha-D-glucopyranose residues joined in sequence by a (1->6) glycosidic bond.	4.17	5	0	glycosylglucose
4,5-diaminofluorescein diacetate [no description available]	2.41	2	0
dihydrexidine [no description available]	2.02	1	0	phenanthridines
4-(2-(phenylsulfonylamino)ethylthio)-2,6-difluorophenoxyacetamide 4-(2-(phenylsulfonylamino)ethylthio)-2,6-difluorophenoxyacetamide: structure given in first source	2.7	3	0
l 750667 L 750667: structure given in first source	2	1	0	piperazines
l 162313 L 162313: a biphenylimidazole derivative; a non-peptide angiotensin agonist; no further information available 2/95	2.05	1	0
mdl 105519 MDL 105519: a potent ligand at the N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) receptor-associated glycine recognition site; structure given in first source	2.93	4	0
s-nitroso-n-acetylpenicillamine S-Nitroso-N-Acetylpenicillamine: A sulfur-containing alkyl thionitrite that is one of the NITRIC OXIDE DONORS.	4.86	34	0	nitroso compound; nitrosothio compound	nitric oxide donor; vasodilator agent
dantrolene sodium dantrolene sodium (anhydrous) : The anhydrous sodium salt of dantrolene.	2.05	1	0
nitrofurantoin Nitrofurantoin: A urinary anti-infective agent effective against most gram-positive and gram-negative organisms. Although sulfonamides and antibiotics are usually the agents of choice for urinary tract infections, nitrofurantoin is widely used for prophylaxis and long-term suppression.. nitrofurantoin : An imidazolidine-2,4-dione that is hydantoin substituted at position 1 by a [(5-nitro-2-furyl)methylene]amino group. An antibiotic that damages bacterial DNA.	2.42	2	0	imidazolidine-2,4-dione; nitrofuran antibiotic; organonitrogen heterocyclic antibiotic; organooxygen heterocyclic antibiotic	antibacterial drug; antiinfective agent; hepatotoxic agent
suloctidil Suloctidil: A peripheral vasodilator that was formerly used in the management of peripheral and cerebral vascular disorders. It is hepatotoxic and fatalities have occurred. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p1312)	1.98	1	0
1-amino-1,3-dicarboxycyclopentane, cis-(1s,3s)-isomer [no description available]	2.91	4	0
ampa, (r)-isomer [no description available]	2.66	3	0
1-aminocyclopentane-1,3,4-tricarboxylic acid 1-aminocyclopentane-1,3,4-tricarboxylic acid: metabolic glutamate receptor (mGluR) antagonist; structure in first source	2.94	4	0
am 404 [no description available]	3.27	6	0	anilide
ro 25-6981 Ro 25-6981: blocks NMDA receptors containg NR2B subunit; structure in first source. Ro 25-6981 : A member of the class of piperidines that is 4-benzylpiperidine substituted by a 3-hydroxy-3-(4-hydroxyphenyl)-2-methylpropyl group at position 1 (the 1R,2S-stereoisomer). It is a potent antagonist of the GluN2B subunit of the N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) receptor.	5.24	15	0	benzenes; phenols; piperidines; secondary alcohol; tertiary amino compound	anticonvulsant; antidepressant; neuroprotective agent; NMDA receptor antagonist
sb 269970 SB 269970: a 5-HT(7) antagonist; structure in first source	2.74	3	0	sulfonamide
dinitrofluorobenzene 3,3'-difluorobenzaldazine: a selective positive allosteric modulator of mGluR5 activity; structure in first source	2.05	1	0
omdm-2 cpd OMDM-2 cpd: structure in first source	2.02	1	0
sb 334867-a 1-(2-methylbenzoxazol-6-yl)-3-(1,5)naphthyridin-4-yl urea: selective OX1 receptor antagonist	3.03	4	0	naphthyridine derivative
n,n'-dicyclopentyl-2-methylsulfanyl-5-nitro-pyrimidine-4,6-diamine N,N'-dicyclopentyl-2-methylsulfanyl-5-nitro-pyrimidine-4,6-diamine: structure in first source	2.07	1	0	aryl sulfide
iem 1460 IEM 1460: structure in first source	2.75	3	0
lactacystin [no description available]	2.73	3	0	lactam; S-substituted L-cysteine
n-stearoyltyrosine [no description available]	2.1	1	0	tyrosine derivative
nifurtimox Nifurtimox: A nitrofuran thiazine that has been used against TRYPANOSOMIASIS.	2.05	1	0	nitrofuran antibiotic
bicuculline methobromide [no description available]	1.96	1	0
gadolinium dtpa Gadolinium DTPA: A complex of gadolinium with a chelating agent, diethylenetriamine penta-acetic acid (DTPA see PENTETIC ACID), that is given to enhance the image in cranial and spinal MRIs. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p706)	2.95	4	0	gadolinium coordination entity	MRI contrast agent
morphinans Morphinans: Compounds based on a partially saturated iminoethanophenanthrene, which can be described as ethylimino-bridged benzo-decahydronaphthalenes. They include some of the OPIOIDS found in PAPAVER that are used as ANALGESICS.	4.21	6	0	isoquinoline alkaloid fundamental parent; morphinane alkaloid
androstane androstane: RN given refers to cpd without isomeric designation	2.21	1	0	steroid fundamental parent
ergoline Ergolines: A series of structurally-related alkaloids that contain the ergoline backbone structure.. ergoline : An indole alkaloid whose structural skeleton is found in many naturally occurring and synthetic ergolines which are known to bind to neurotransmitter receptors, such as dopamine, noradrenaline and serotonin receptors and function as unselective agonists or antagonists at these receptors.	4	14	0	diamine; ergoline alkaloid; indole alkaloid fundamental parent; indole alkaloid; organic heterotetracyclic compound
carboxyl radical [no description available]	2.46	2	0	carbon oxide; organic radical anion	xenobiotic metabolite
adenosine-3',5'-cyclic phosphorothioate adenosine-3',5'-cyclic phosphorothioate: RP-cAMP-S is a protein kinase A inhibitor; SP-cAMP-S is a protein kinase A agonist. (Sp)-cAMPS : A nucleoside 3',5'-cyclic phosphorothioate having adenine as the nucleobase (the Sp-stereoisomer).. (Rp)-cAMPS : A nucleoside 3',5'-cyclic phosphorothioate having adenine as the nucleobase (the Rp-stereoisomer).	3.26	6	0	nucleoside 3',5'-cyclic phosphorothioate
sq-23377 Ionomycin: A divalent calcium ionophore that is widely used as a tool to investigate the role of intracellular calcium in cellular processes.. ionomycin : A very long-chain fatty acid that is docosa-10,16-dienoic acid which is substituted by methyl groups at positions 4, 6, 8, 12, 14, 18 and 20, by hydroxy groups at positions 11, 19 and 21, and by a (2',5-dimethyloctahydro-2,2'-bifuran-5-yl)ethanol group at position 21. An ionophore produced by Streptomyces conglobatus, it is used in research to raise the intracellular level of Ca(2+) and as a research tool to understand Ca(2+) transport across biological membranes.	6.55	74	0	cyclic ether; enol; polyunsaturated fatty acid; very long-chain fatty acid	calcium ionophore; metabolite
eritoran eritoran : A lipid A derivative used for the treatment of severe sepsis.	2.17	1	0	lipid As
8-bromo-beta-phenyl-1,n(2)-ethenoguanosine 3',5'-cyclic monophosphorothioate 8-bromo-beta-phenyl-1,N(2)-ethenoguanosine 3',5'-cyclic monophosphorothioate: RN refers to (S)-isomer; protein kinase G inhibitor; structure given in first source	2.07	1	0
fk 866 N-(4-(1-benzoylpiperidin-4-yl)butyl)-3-(pyridin-3-yl)acrylamide: inhibits nicotinamide phosphoribosyltransferase; structure in first source	2.07	1	0	benzamides; N-acylpiperidine
2-thioribothymidine [no description available]	1.96	1	0	thiouridine
roxithromycin (E)-roxithromycin : A major geometrical isomer of roxithromycin.	2.05	1	0	roxithromycin	environmental contaminant; xenobiotic
mdl 201053 MDL 201053: Immunosuppressive Agent; RN given refers to compound with no isomeric designation	2.43	2	0
enkephalin, leucine-2-alanine Enkephalin, Leucine-2-Alanine: A delta-selective opioid (ANALGESICS, OPIOID). It can cause transient depression of mean arterial blood pressure and heart rate.	4.77	12	0
enkephalin-leu, ala(2)-arg(6)- enkephalin-Leu, Ala(2)-Arg(6)-: RN refers to (L-Arg-L-Tyr-D-Ala-L-Phe-L-Leu)-isomer	2.4	2	0
beraprost beraprost: stable prostacyclin analog; structure given in first source. beraprost : An organic heterotricyclic compound that is (3aS,8bS)-2,3,3a,8b-tetrahydro-1H-benzo[b]cyclopenta[d]furan in which the hydrogens at positions 1R, 2R and 5 are replaced by (3S)-3-hydroxy-4-methyloct-1-en-6-yn-1-yl, hydroxy and 3-carboxypropyl groups, respectively. It is a prostaglandin receptor agonist which is approved to treat pulmonary arterial hypertension in Asia.	2.05	1	0	enyne; monocarboxylic acid; organic heterotricyclic compound; secondary alcohol; secondary allylic alcohol	anti-inflammatory agent; antihypertensive agent; platelet aggregation inhibitor; prostaglandin receptor agonist; vasodilator agent
lanreotide [no description available]	2.05	1	0
eaa-090 EAA-090: a potent N-methyl-D-aspartate antagonist; structure in first source	3.41	1	0	dialkylarylamine; tertiary amino compound
sarizotan sarizotan: serotonin 5-HT1A agonist improves motor complications in rodent and primate parkinsonian models	2.02	1	0
pd 174494 PD 174494: structure in first source	2.05	1	0	piperidines
pd 184352 2-(2-chloro-4-iodophenylamino)-N-cyclopropylmethoxy-3,4-difluorobenzamide: inhibits MAP kinase kinase; structure in first source	2.07	1	0	aminobenzoic acid
laulimalide laulimalide: isolated from Cacospongia mycofijiensis; structure in first source. laulimalide : A macrolide with formula C30H42O7 that is isolated from the marine sponges, Cacospongia mycofijiensis and Hyattella sp.	2.03	1	0	carboxylic ester; epoxide; macrolide; secondary alcohol; secondary allylic alcohol	animal metabolite; antimitotic; antineoplastic agent; marine metabolite; microtubule-stabilising agent
rwj-333369 S-2-O-carbamoyl-1-o-chlorophenyl-ethanol: neuromodulator/Antiepileptic Agent; structure in first source	2.06	1	0	organochlorine compound
lu 208075 ambrisentan: an ET(A) receptor antagonist and antihypertensive agent; studied for use in pulmonary arterial hypertension	2.05	1	0	diarylmethane
ucb 35625 UCB 35625: J-113863 is the (trans)-isomer; structure in first source	2.43	2	0
jwh-133 1,1-dimethylbutyl-1-deoxy-Delta(9)-THC: a CB2 receptor agonists; no further information available on 8/2001. JWH-133 : A dibenzopyran that is Delta(9)-tetrahydrocannabinol which is lacking the hydroxy group and in which the pentyl group at position 3 has been replaced by a 1,1-dimethylbutyl group. A potent and highly selective CB2 receptor agonist.	3.2	5	0	benzochromene; dibenzopyran; organic heterotricyclic compound	analgesic; anti-inflammatory agent; antineoplastic agent; apoptosis inhibitor; CB2 receptor agonist; opioid analgesic; vasodilator agent
mac321 MAC321: antineoplastic agent, phytogenic; structure in first source	2.03	1	0
sb 399885 SB 399885: 5-HT6 receptor antagonist	2.1	1	0
3-tyrosine 3-tyrosine: RN given refers to cpd with unspecified isomeric designation. L-m-tyrosine : A hydroxyphenylalanine that is L-phenylalanine with a substituent hydroxy group at position 3.	2.47	2	0	hydroxyphenylalanine; L-alpha-amino acid zwitterion; L-phenylalanine derivative; non-proteinogenic L-alpha-amino acid; phenols	plant metabolite
tryptophanol tryptophanol: RN given refers to cpd without isomeric designation	2.05	1	0
isoborneol isoborneol: RN given refers to cpd without isomeric designation; structure	2.06	1	0	borneol
phenylalanylglycine phenylalanylglycine: RN given refers to (DL)-isomer. Phe-Gly : A dipeptide formed from L-phenylalanine and glycine residues.	2.4	2	0	dipeptide	metabolite
leucyl-phenylalanine Leu-Phe : A dipeptide formed from L-leucine and L-phenylalanine residues.	1.97	1	0	dipeptide	metabolite
glycyl-alanyl-phenylalanine [no description available]	2.05	1	0	oligopeptide
glutamylalanine Glu-Ala : A dipeptide formed from L-alpha-glutamyl and L-alanine residues.	2.38	2	0	dipeptide	metabolite
glycyl-alanyl-leucine glycyl-alanyl-leucine: RN given refers to all (L)-isomer; RN for cpd without isomeric designation not avail 9/91	1.97	1	0	peptide
methionylglycine methionylglycine: RN given refers to (L)-isomer. Met-Gly : A dipeptide formed from L-methionine and glycine residues.	2.05	1	0	dipeptide	metabolite
phenylalanylphenylalanine Phe-Phe : A dipeptide formed from two L-phenylalanine residues.	1.97	1	0	dipeptide; L-aminoacyl-L-amino acid zwitterion	human blood serum metabolite; Mycoplasma genitalium metabolite
histidylhistidine histidylhistidine: RN given for L-,L-isomer	2.05	1	0	dipeptide	Mycoplasma genitalium metabolite
valylleucine valylleucine: RN given refers to all L-isomer. Val-Leu : A dipeptide formed from L-valine and L-leucine residues.	2.4	2	0	dipeptide	metabolite
bromopyruvate [no description available]	1.97	1	0	2-oxo monocarboxylic acid anion
alanylglycine [no description available]	2.4	2	0	dipeptide zwitterion; dipeptide	metabolite
7-azatryptophan 7-azatryptophan: RN given refers to cpd without isomeric designation; structure	1.97	1	0
alpha-glutamyltryptophan Trp-Glu : A dipeptide formed from L-tryptophan and L-glutamic acid residues.	2.4	2	0	dipeptide	metabolite
gamma-glutamylvaline gamma-glutamylvaline: improves the bitter taste of valine. gamma-Glu-Val : A glutamyl-L-amino acid that is the N-(L-gamma-glutamyl) derivative of L-leucine.	2.21	1	0	glutamyl-L-amino acid	human metabolite
methionylglutamic acid Met-Glu : A dipeptide formed from L-methionine and L-glutamic acid residues.	2.42	2	0	dipeptide	metabolite
phenylalanylproline Phe-Pro : A dipeptide formed from L-phenylalanine and L-proline residues.	1.97	1	0	dipeptide	metabolite
glycylhistidine glycylhistidine: RN given refers to (L)-isomer. Gly-His : A dipeptide composed of glycine and L-histidine joined by a peptide linkage.	2.02	1	0	dipeptide zwitterion; dipeptide	metabolite
acetylcarnitine O-acetyl-L-carnitine : An O-acyl-L-carnitine where the acyl group specified is acetyl. It facilitates movement of acetyl-CoA into the matrices of mammalian mitochondria during the oxidation of fatty acids.	2.05	1	0	O-acetylcarnitine; saturated fatty acyl-L-carnitine	human metabolite; Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite
staurosporine staurosporinium : Conjugate acid of staurosporine.	5.44	61	0	ammonium ion derivative
chloralose Chloralose: A derivative of CHLORAL HYDRATE that was used as a sedative but has been replaced by safer and more effective drugs. Its most common use is as a general anesthetic in animal experiments.	3.52	8	0
aminomethyltransferase Aminomethyltransferase: A one-carbon group transferase that transfers lipoamide-linked methylamine groups to tetrahydrofolate (TETRAHYDROFOLATES) to form methylenetetrahydrofolate and AMMONIA. It is one of four components of the glycine decarboxylase complex.	2.08	1	0
prolylisoleucine prolylisoleucine: RN refers to (L)-isomer. Pro-Ile : A dipeptide formed from L-proline and L-isoleucine residues.	1.97	1	0	dipeptide	metabolite
phenylalanyl-valine phenylalanyl-valine: structure in first source. Phe-Val : A dipeptide formed from L-phenylalanine and L-valine residues.	2.05	1	0	dipeptide	metabolite
hypericum Hypericum: Genus of perennial plants in the family CLUSIACEAE (sometimes classified as Hypericaceae). Herbal and homeopathic preparations are used for depression, neuralgias, and a variety of other conditions. Hypericum contains flavonoids; GLYCOSIDES; mucilage, TANNINS; volatile oils (OILS, ESSENTIAL), hypericin and hyperforin.. 6-formamidopenicillanic acid : A penicillanic acid having a (6R)-formamido substituent.	3.44	7	0	penicillanic acids
phosphocreatine Phosphocreatine: An endogenous substance found mainly in skeletal muscle of vertebrates. It has been tried in the treatment of cardiac disorders and has been added to cardioplegic solutions. (Reynolds JEF(Ed): Martindale: The Extra Pharmacopoeia (electronic version). Micromedex, Inc, Englewood, CO, 1996). phosphagen : Any of a group of guanidine or amidine phosphates that function as storage depots for high-energy phosphate in muscle with the purpose of regenerating ATP from ADP during muscular contraction.. N-phosphocreatine : A phosphoamino acid consisting of creatine having a phospho group attached at the primary nitrogen of the guanidino group.	18.69	123	8	phosphagen; phosphoamino acid	human metabolite; mouse metabolite
sl 327 SL 327: a MEK inhibitor. SL-327 : A nitrile that is acrylonitrile in which the hydrogen attached to the same carbon as the cyano group has been replaced by an o-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl group, while the remaining hydrogens of the ethenyl group have been replaced by amino and (4-aminophenyl)sulfanyl groups. The configuration of the double bond is not specified. It is an inhibitor of MEK1 and MEK2.	2.53	2	0
sidnocarb sidnocarb: Russian drug; structure	2.42	2	0
chlorhexidine Chlorhexidine: A disinfectant and topical anti-infective agent used also as mouthwash to prevent oral plaque.. chlorhexidine : A bisbiguanide compound with a structure consisting of two (p-chlorophenyl)guanide units linked by a hexamethylene bridge.	2.51	2	0	biguanides; monochlorobenzenes	antibacterial agent; antiinfective agent
mannich bases Mannich Bases: Ketonic amines prepared from the condensation of a ketone with formaldehyde and ammonia or a primary or secondary amine. A Mannich base can act as the equivalent of an alpha,beta unsaturated ketone in synthesis or can be reduced to form physiologically active amino alcohols.	2.21	1	0
formazans Formazans: Colored azo compounds formed by the reduction of tetrazolium salts. Employing this reaction, oxidoreductase activity can be determined quantitatively in tissue sections by allowing the enzymes to act on their specific substrates in the presence of tetrazolium salts.	2.93	4	0
phoxim phoxim: structure	2.08	1	0
nifurtoinol nifurtoinol : An imidazolidine-2,4-dione that is hydantoin substituted at position 1 by a [(5-nitro-2-furyl)methylene]amino group and at position 3 by a hydroxymethyl group.	2.05	1	0	hydrazone; imidazolidine-2,4-dione; nitrofuran antibiotic; organonitrogen heterocyclic antibiotic	antibacterial drug; antiinfective agent; hepatotoxic agent
3-aminopyridine-2-carboxaldehyde thiosemicarbazone 3-aminopyridine-2-carboxaldehyde thiosemicarbazone: a neuroprotective agent; structure given in first source	2.03	1	0
cefoselis cefoselis: structure given in first source. cefoselis : A cephalosporin compound having [2-(2-hydroxyethyl)-3-imino-2,3-dihydro-1H-pyrazol-1-yl]methyl and [(2Z)-2-(2-amino-1,3-thiazol-4-yl)-2-(methoxyimino)acetyl]amino side groups located at positions 3 and 7 respectively. A 4th generation broad-spectrum cephalosporin.	2.02	1	0
fosinopril [no description available]	2.05	1	0
ferrihydrite ferric oxyhydroxide: an antiferromagnetic material; constitutes the core of natural ferritin; mol form 5Fe2O3.9H2O	2.15	1	0
s-nitrosocysteine S-nitrosocysteine: A sulfur-containing alkyl thionitrite that is a nitric oxide donor.. S-nitroso-L-cysteine : An L-cysteine derivative in which the sulfur atom carries a nitroso substituent. A cell-permeable low-molecular-weight nitrosothiol and nitric oxide donor.	3.79	11	0	L-cysteine derivative; nitrosothio compound	hematologic agent; platelet aggregation inhibitor; vasodilator agent
s-allylcysteine S-allylcysteine: structure in first source; RN given refers to (L)-isomer. S-allylcysteine : An S-hydrocarbyl-L-cysteine that is L-cysteine in which the hydrogen attached to the sulphur is replaced by a prop-2-enyl group. It commonly occurs in garlic and has been found to exhibit antineoplastic activity.	2.01	1	0	L-alpha-amino acid zwitterion; S-hydrocarbyl-L-cysteine	antineoplastic agent; metabolite
fpl 15896ar [no description available]	2.25	1	0
3-((2-methyl-1,3-thiazol-4-yl)ethynyl)piperidine 3-((2-methyl-1,3-thiazol-4-yl)ethynyl)piperidine: an excitatory amino acid antagonist	2.1	1	0
pridopidine pridopidine: a dopamine stabilizer; structure in first source	3.52	2	0
osu 6162 OSU 6162: reduces levodopa-induced dyskinesias without inducing akinesia	3.54	2	0
ssr180711 SSR180711: a selective alpha7 acetylcholine nicotinic receptor (n-AChRs) partial agonist; structure in first source	2.08	1	0
cgp 56999a CGP 56999A: structure given in first source	1.99	1	0
ns 7 [no description available]	2.4	2	0
8-bromoadenosine-3',5'-cyclic monophosphorothioate (Sp)-8-bromo-cAMPS : A nucleoside 3',5'-cyclic phosphorothioate having 8-bromoadenine as the nucleobase (the Sp-stereoisomer).	2.75	3	0
win 51708 WIN 51708: neurokinin-1 receptor antagonist	2.1	1	0
gw 501516 GW 501516: a selective PPARdelta agonist; structure in first source. GW 501516 : An aromatic ether that is phenoxyacetic acid in which the phenyl group is substituted at position 2 by a methyl group and at position 4 by a (1,3-thiazol-5-ylmethyl)sulfanediyl group, and in which the 1,3-thiazolyl group is substituted at positions 2 and 4 by p-trifluoromethylphenyl and methyl groups, respectively.	2.17	1	0	1,3-thiazoles; aromatic ether; aryl sulfide; monocarboxylic acid; organofluorine compound	carcinogenic agent; PPARbeta/delta agonist
eflucimibe eflucimibe: a powerful and systemic acylcoenzyme A: cholesterol acyltransferase inhibitor	2.05	1	0
l-826266 L-826266: a prostanoid EP3 receptor antagonist	2.03	1	0
amoxicillin-potassium clavulanate combination Amoxicillin-Potassium Clavulanate Combination: A fixed-ratio combination of amoxicillin trihydrate and potassium clavulanate.	2.6	1	0
acth (4-7), pro-gly-pro- [no description available]	2.47	2	0
biie 0246 BIIE 0246: a neuropeptide Y Y2 receptor antagonist; structure in first source	2.72	3	0
dehydroevodiamine dehydroevodiamine: RN given refers to hydroxide, inner salt; structure in first source.	2.02	1	0
ly 341495 [no description available]	4.21	5	0	xanthenes
r 121919 [no description available]	2.13	1	0
gzr 123 GZR 123: structure in first source	2.05	1	0
bms 191095 BMS 191095: a mitochondrial K(ATP) opener; structure in first source	2.04	1	0
kb r7943 2-(2-(4-(4-nitrobenzyloxy)phenyl)ethyl)isothiourea methanesulfonate: inhibits the reverse mode of Na+/Ca++ exchange in cells expressing NCX1; structure in first source	3.53	8	0
n-(4-(2-methoxyphenoxy)phenyl)-n-(2,2,2-trifluoroethylsulfonyl)pyrid-3-ylmethylamine N-(4-(2-methoxyphenoxy)phenyl)-N-(2,2,2-trifluoroethylsulfonyl)pyrid-3-ylmethylamine: a metabotropic glutamate 2 receptor potentiator; structure in first source	2.89	3	0
zd 7155 [no description available]	2.45	2	0
a-317491 A-317491: structure in first source	2.02	1	0
jasplakinolide jasplakinolide: cyclodepsipeptide isolated from marine sponge Jaspis; active against Candida; RN refers to 2S-(2R,4E,6S,8R*)-isomer; structure in first source. jaspamide : A cyclodepsipeptide isolated from Jaspis splendens and has been shown to exhibit antineoplastic activity. It is an actin polymerization and stabilization inducer.	3.12	5	0	cyclodepsipeptide; phenols	actin polymerisation inducer; animal metabolite; antifungal agent; antineoplastic agent; apoptosis inducer; marine metabolite; neuroprotective agent
anatibant LF 16-0687: a potent non-peptide bradykinin B2 receptor antagonist; structure in first source	2	1	0	proline derivative
sincalide Sincalide: An octapeptide hormone present in the intestine and brain. When secreted from the gastric mucosa, it stimulates the release of bile from the gallbladder and digestive enzymes from the pancreas.	5.66	25	0	oligopeptide
vasopressin, 1-(1-mercaptocyclohexaneacetic acid)-2-(o- methyl-l-tyrosine)-8-l-arginine- vasopressin, 1-(1-mercaptocyclohexaneacetic acid)-2-(O- methyl-L-tyrosine)-8-L-arginine-: highly potent antagonist of vasopressor response to arginine-vasopressin; structure in first source	2.72	3	0
18f-fluoroethyl-l-tyrosine (18F)fluoroethyltyrosine: structure in first source	3.04	1	0
ucb 34714 brivaracetam: A pyrrolidinone compound that is used to treat partial onset seizures in adult patients; structure in first source.. brivaracetam : A non-proteinogenic amino acid derivative that is butanamide in which the pro-S hydrogen at position 2 is replaced by a (4R)-2-oxo-4-propylpyrrolidin-1-yl. Used for treatment of partial onset seizures related to epilepsy.	2.63	2	0	gamma-lactam; non-proteinogenic amino acid derivative	anticonvulsant
mgs 0028 MGS 0028: a group II mGluR agonist; structure in first source	2.01	1	0
tapentadol Tapentadol: An opioid analgesic, MU OPIOID RECEPTOR agonist, and noradrenaline reuptake inhibitor that is used in the treatment of moderate to severe pain, and of pain associated with DIABETIC NEUROPATHIES.	4.11	2	1	alkylbenzene
dysiherbaine dysiherbaine: an exitotoxic amino acid; structure in first source. dysiherbaine : A furopyran that is (3aR,7aR)-hexahydro-2H-furo[3,2-b]pyran substituted by carboxy, (2S)-2-amino-2-carboxyethyl, hydroxy and methylamino groups at positions 2, 2, 6, and 7, respectively (the 2R,3aR,6S,7R,7aR-stereoisomer). A convulsant isolated from the marine sponge Dysidea herbacea that has high affinity for kainate ionotropic glutamate receptors.	3.13	5	0	amino dicarboxylic acid; furopyran; hydroxy carboxylic acid; secondary amino compound	animal metabolite; excitatory amino acid agonist; marine metabolite; neurotoxin
pd 150606 PD 150606: a calpain inhibitor; structure given in first source. (Z)-3-(4-iodophenyl)-2-mercaptoacrylic acid : An organoiodine compound that is acrylic acid in which the vinylic hydrogens at positions 2 and 3 are replaced by mercapto and 4-iodophenyl groups respectively (the Z geoisomer).	2.11	1	0	cinnamic acids; organoiodine compound; thioenol	apoptosis inhibitor; calpain inhibitor
etomoxir [no description available]	2.74	3	0	aromatic ether
n(6)-cyclohexyladenosine N(6)-cyclohexyladenosine: structure given in first source; receptors, purinergic P1 agonist	3.87	12	0
ro 64-6198 Ro 64-6198: an orphanin FQ/nociceptin receptor agonist; structure in first source	2.05	1	0
muromonab-cd3 xestospongin C: was indexed to xestospongin A; from Xestospongia sponge; empties the ER calcium store but does not inhibit InsP3-induced Ca2+ release. xestospongin C : An organic heteropentacyclic compound that is isolated from the marine sponge Xestospongia exigua.	2.05	1	0	alkaloid; macrocycle; organic heteropentacyclic compound; organonitrogen heterocyclic compound; oxacycle; tertiary amino compound	antineoplastic agent; EC 2.7.10.1 (receptor protein-tyrosine kinase) inhibitor; IP3 receptor antagonist; marine metabolite
cp 465,022 CP 465,022: structure in first source	2.04	1	0
ursodoxicoltaurine tauroursodeoxycholate : An organosulfonate oxoanion that is the conjugate base of tauroursodeoxycholic acid arising from deprotonation of the sulfonate OH group; major species at pH 7.3.. tauroursodeoxycholic acid : A bile acid taurine conjugate derived from ursoodeoxycholic acid.	3.37	2	0	bile acid taurine conjugate	anti-inflammatory agent; apoptosis inhibitor; bone density conservation agent; cardioprotective agent; human metabolite; neuroprotective agent
paliperidone palmitate Paliperidone Palmitate: A benzisoxazole derivative and active metabolite of RISPERIDONE that functions as a DOPAMINE D2 RECEPTOR ANTAGONIST and SEROTONIN 5-HT2 RECEPTOR ANTAGONIST. It is an ANTIPSYCHOTIC AGENT used in the treatment of SCHIZOPHRENIA.. 3-{2-[4-(6-fluoro-1,2-benzoxazol-3-yl)piperidin-1-yl]ethyl}-2-methyl-4-oxo-6,7,8,9-tetrahydropyrido[1,2-a]pyrimidin-9-yl hexadecanoate : A fatty acid ester obtained by the formal condensation of the carboxy group of hexadecanoic acid with the hydroxy group of 3-{2-[4-(6-fluoro-1,2-benzoxazol-3-yl)piperidin-1-yl]ethyl}-9-hydroxy-2-methyl-6,7,8,9-tetrahydropyrido[1,2-a]pyrimidin-4-one.. paliperidone palmitate : A racemate comprising equimolar amounts of (R)- and (S)-paliperidone palmitate. A long-acting injectable formulation of paliperidone (the major active metabolite of risperidone) that is used for treatment of schizophrenia.	2.48	2	0	1,2-benzoxazoles; fatty acid ester; heteroarylpiperidine; organofluorine compound; pyridopyrimidine
pentagastrin Pentagastrin: A synthetic pentapeptide that has effects like gastrin when given parenterally. It stimulates the secretion of gastric acid, pepsin, and intrinsic factor, and has been used as a diagnostic aid.	4.5	5	1	organic molecular entity
flag peptide FLAG peptide: engineered as a tag for immunoaffinity purification of genetically-engineered proteins; amino acid sequence given in first source; a polar octapeptide. FLAG peptide : An eight amino acid peptide consisting of L-aspartic acid, L-tyrosine, L-lysine, four L-aspartic acid residues, and L-lysine joined in sequence by peptide linkages. It is widely used as a fusion tag for the purification and detection of a wide variety of recombinant proteins.	2.69	3	0	peptide
st 1535 [no description available]	2.02	1	0
sm 346 SM 346: 2-mercaptobenzimidazole derivative	2.44	2	0
f 13640 befiradol: a selective serotonin 5-HT1A receptor agonist	2.13	1	0
mocetinostat mocetinostat: undergoing phase II clinical trials for treatment of cancer. mocetinostat : A benzamide obtained by formal condensation of the carboxy group of 4-({[4-(pyridin-3-yl)pyrimidin-2-yl]amino}methyl)benzoic acid with one of the amino groups of benzene-1,2-diamine. It is an orally active and isotype-selective HDAC inhibitor which exhibits antitumour activity (IC50 = 0.15, 0.29, 1.66 and 0.59 muM for HDAC1, HDAC2, HDAC3 and HDAC11).	4.52	23	0	aminopyrimidine; benzamides; pyridines; secondary amino compound; secondary carboxamide; substituted aniline	antineoplastic agent; apoptosis inducer; autophagy inducer; cardioprotective agent; EC 3.5.1.98 (histone deacetylase) inhibitor; hepatotoxic agent
sabiporide sabiporide: a NHE-1 inhibitor and a cardioprotective agent; structure in first source	2.02	1	0
tafluprost tafluprost: structure in first source. tafluprost : A prostaglandin Falpha that is prostaglandin F2alpha in which the carboxylic acid function has been converted to the corresponding isopropyl ester and the 3-hydroxy-1-octenyl side-chain is substituted by 3,3-difluoro-4-phenoxybut-1-enyl. Used for treatment of elevated intraocular pressure in patients with open-angle glaucoma or ocular hypertension.	2.05	1	0	isopropyl ester; organofluorine compound; prostaglandins Falpha	prostaglandin receptor agonist
biphenyl-indanone a biphenyl-indanone A: an mGluR2 agonist; structure in first source	3.02	4	0	biphenyls
1,3-bis(bis(pyridin-2-ylmethyl)amino)propan-2-ol 1,3-bis(bis(pyridin-2-ylmethyl)amino)propan-2-ol: structure in first source	2.15	1	0
lipid a Lipid A: Lipid A is the biologically active component of lipopolysaccharides. It shows strong endotoxic activity and exhibits immunogenic properties.. lipid A : The glycolipid moiety of bacterial lipopolysaccharide (R can be either hydrogen or a fatty acyl group).	2.96	4	0	dodecanoate ester; lipid A; tetradecanoate ester	Escherichia coli metabolite
eslicarbazepine [no description available]	2.1	1	0	dibenzooxazepine
4-iodo-2,6-diisopropylphenol 4-iodo-2,6-diisopropylphenol: structure in first source	2	1	0
way 133537 [no description available]	3.63	2	0
biii 890 cl BIII 890 CL: structure in first source	2.41	2	0
dapagliflozin [no description available]	2.17	1	0	aromatic ether; C-glycosyl compound; monochlorobenzenes	hypoglycemic agent; sodium-glucose transport protein subtype 2 inhibitor
xestospongin a xestospongin A: blocks inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate receptors; structure in first source; from Xestospongia sponge	2.42	2	0
dpc 423 [no description available]	2.06	1	0
shu 9119 SHU 9119: an agouti mimetic; structure in first source	2.03	1	0
ginsenoside rb1 [no description available]	3.3	6	0	ginsenoside; glycoside; tetracyclic triterpenoid	anti-inflammatory drug; anti-obesity agent; apoptosis inhibitor; neuroprotective agent; plant metabolite; radical scavenger
g(m2) ganglioside G(M2) Ganglioside: A glycosphingolipid that accumulates due to a deficiency of hexosaminidase A or B (BETA-N-ACETYLHEXOSAMINIDASES), or GM2 activator protein, resulting in GANGLIOSIDOSES, heredity metabolic disorders that include TAY-SACHS DISEASE and SANDHOFF DISEASE.. ganglioside GM2 (18:0) : A sialotriaosylceramide that is N-acetyl-beta-D-galactosaminyl-(1->4)-alpha-N-acetylneuraminosyl-(2->3)-beta-D-galactosyl-(1->4)-beta-D-glucosyl-N-acylsphingosine in which the acyl group on the sphingosine nitrogen is octadecanoyl. A constituent of natural ganglioside GM2.	1.98	1	0	N-acetyl-beta-D-galactosaminyl-(1->4)-alpha-N-acetylneuraminosyl-(2->3)-beta-D-galactosyl-(1->4)-beta-D-glucosyl-N-acylsphingosine; sialotriaosylceramide	antigen
gentamicin sulfate [no description available]	2.05	1	0
2-(3-chlorobenzyloxy)-6-(piperazin-1-yl)pyrazine [no description available]	2.08	1	0
bay36-7620 BAY36-7620: a potent non-competitive mGlu1 receptor antagonist with inverse agonist activity. ; structure in first source	2.95	4	0
fr236924 FR236924: structure in first source	2.42	2	0
ro 48-8587 Ro 48-8587: structure in first source	2.01	1	0
flb 457 FLB 457: RN given refers to parent cpd without isomeric designation; structure given in first source	2.71	3	0
cholest-5-en-3-one cholest-5-en-3-one : A 3-oxo Delta(5)-steroid that is cholesterol in which the alcoholic hydroxy group has been oxidised to the corresponding ketone.	1.99	1	0	3-oxo-Delta(5)-steroid; cholestanoid	metabolite
l 838,417 L 838,417: structure in first source	2.1	1	0
ornithine alpha-ketoglutarate [no description available]	2.93	4	0
6'-guanidinonaltrindole 6'-guanidinonaltrindole: a tissue-selective analgesic; structure in first source	3.27	1	0
dextromethorphan - quinidine combination dextromethorphan - quinidine combination: for the treatment of pseudobulbar affect in ALS, the combination of 30 mg DM and 30 mg Q is referred to as AVP-923, Note: Neurodex is a multimeaning Tradename	4.32	1	1
ginsenoside rg3 ginsenoside Rg3: from Red ginseng; inhibits lung metastasis of tumor cells; structure given in first source. (20S)-ginsenoside Rg3 : A ginsenoside found in Panax ginseng and Panax japonicus var. major that is dammarane which is substituted by hydroxy groups at the 3beta, 12beta and 20 pro-S positions, in which the hydroxy group at position 3 has been converted to the corresponding beta-D-glucopyranosyl-beta-D-glucopyranoside, and in which a double bond has been introduced at the 24-25 position.	2.46	2	0	ginsenoside; glycoside; tetracyclic triterpenoid	angiogenesis modulating agent; antineoplastic agent; apoptosis inducer; plant metabolite
st 1936 2-(5-chloro-2-methyl-1H-indol-3-yl)-N,N-dimethylethanamine: a 5-HT6 receptor agonist	2.06	1	0
perampanel perampanel : A member of the class of bipyridines that is 2,3'-bipyridin-6'-one substituted at positions 1' and 5' by phenyl and 2-cyanophenyl groups respectively. Used as an adjunctive therapy for the treatment of partial-onset seizures in patients with epilepsy.	3.43	6	0	bipyridines; nitrile; pyridone	AMPA receptor antagonist; anticonvulsant
ly 392098 LY 392098: structure in first source	3.11	1	0
ly 404187 LY 404187: structure in first source	2	1	0
n-(4-tert-butylphenyl)-4-(3-chloropyridin-2-yl)tetrahydropyrazine-1(2h)-carboxamide N-(4-tert-butylphenyl)-4-(3-chloropyridin-2-yl)tetrahydropyrazine-1(2H)-carboxamide: a vanilloid receptor 1 antagonist and analgesic; structure in first source	2.15	1	0	piperazines; pyridines
tocotrienols tocotrienol : A tocol in which the hydrocarbon chain at position 2 contains three double bonds.	6.88	9	0	diterpenoid
n-(4-chloro-2-((1,3-dioxo-1,3-dihydro-2h-isoindol-2-yl)methyl)phenyl)-2-hydroxybenzamide N-(4-chloro-2-((1,3-dioxo-1,3-dihydro-2H-isoindol-2-yl)methyl)phenyl)-2-hydroxybenzamide: a positive allosteric modulator of mGluR5; structure in first source	2.05	1	0
pd 184161 2-(2-chloro-4-iodophenylamino)-N-cyclopropylmethoxy-3,4-difluoro-5-bromobenzamide: a MEK1 inhibitor; structure in first source	2.1	1	0
neuromedin n neuromedin N: peptide from porcine spinal cord with amino acid sequence homologous to COOH-terminal sequence of neurotensin	2.02	1	0
zeolites [no description available]	2.74	3	0
cp 31398 CP 31398: structure in first source	2.08	1	0
tetramethylrhodamine tetramethylrhodamine: RN given refers to perchlorate; structure	2.05	1	0	xanthene dye
rs 504393 RS 504393: structure in first source	2.25	1	0	1,3-oxazoles
u 18666a 3-beta-(2-(diethylamino)ethoxy)androst-5-en-17-one: inhibits cycloartenol synthase. 3beta-(2-diethylaminoethoxy)androst-5-en-17-one hydrochloride : A hydrochloride obtained by reaction of 3beta-(2-diethylaminoethoxy)androst-5-en-17-one with one equivalent of hydrochloric acid. It is a cholesterol synthesis and transport inhibitor.	2.13	1	0	hydrochloride	antiviral agent; EC 1.3.1.72 (Delta(24)-sterol reductase) inhibitor; Hedgehog signaling pathway inhibitor; nicotinic antagonist; sterol biosynthesis inhibitor
cgp 55845a CGP 55845A: GABA-B receptor antagonist; RN refers to cpd with no isomeric designation; CGP 55845 is the (1S,2S)-isomer	3.98	13	0
1-(3,4-dimethoxyphenethyl)-4-(3-phenylpropyl)piperazine dihydrochloride SA 4503: a sigma(1) receptor agonist; structure in first source	2.71	3	0
benzyloxycarbonyl-isoleucyl-glutamyl(o-tert-butyl)-alanyl-leucinal benzyloxycarbonyl-isoleucyl-glutamyl(O-tert-butyl)-alanyl-leucinal: inhibits chymotrypsin activity of the proteasome	2.02	1	0
l-161982 L-161982: A prostanoid EP4 receptor antagonist	2.03	1	0	biphenyls
ubiquinol ubiquinol: reduced forms of ubiquinone; see also record for ubiquinol 10. ubiquinol-10 : A ubiquinol in which the polyprenyl substituent is decaprenyl.	3.12	5	0	polyprenylhydroquinone; ubiquinol	biomarker; metabolite
g(m1) ganglioside G(M1) Ganglioside: A specific monosialoganglioside that accumulates abnormally within the nervous system due to a deficiency of GM1-b-galactosidase, resulting in GM1 gangliosidosis.. ganglioside GM1 : A sialotetraosylceramide consisting of a branched pentasaccharide made up from one sialyl residue, two galactose residues, one N-acetylgalactosamine residue and a glucose residue at the reducing end attached to N-stearoylsphingosine via a beta-linkage.	6.13	24	0	alpha-N-acetylneuraminosyl-(2->3)-[beta-D-galactosyl-(1->3)-N-acetyl-beta-D-galactosaminyl-(1->4)]-beta-D-galactosyl-(1->4)-beta-D-glucosyl-(1<->1')-N-acylsphingosine; sialotetraosylceramide
vortioxetine Vortioxetine: A piperazine derivative that acts as a serotonin reuptake inhibitor, as a 5-HT3 receptor antagonist, and 5-HT1A receptor agonist. It is used for the treatment of anxiety and depression.. vortioxetine : An N-arylpiperazine in which the aryl group is specified as 2-[(2,4-dimethylphenyl)sulfanyl]phenyl. Used (as its hydrobromide salt) for treatment of major depressive disorder.	6.51	8	0	aryl sulfide; N-arylpiperazine	antidepressant; anxiolytic drug; serotonergic agonist; serotonergic antagonist
aluminum oxide Aluminum Oxide: An oxide of aluminum, occurring in nature as various minerals such as bauxite, corundum, etc. It is used as an adsorbent, desiccating agent, and catalyst, and in the manufacture of dental cements and refractories.	2.99	4	0
chf 5074 1-(3',4'-dichloro-2-fluoro(1,1'-biphenyl)-4-yl)cyclopropanecarboxylic acid: a beta-amyloid(1-42) lowering agent; structure in first source	2.1	1	0
2-phenylbenzothiazole PBT2 compound: a metal-protein-attenuating compound that may be useful in treating Alzheimer's disesae	2.51	2	0
n-((1-allyl-2-pyrrolidinyl)methyl)-5-(3-fluoropropyl)-2,3-dimethoxybenzamide N-((1-allyl-2-pyrrolidinyl)methyl)-5-(3-fluoropropyl)-2,3-dimethoxybenzamide: structure in first source	2.66	2	0
org 24461 Org 24461: structure in first source	3.18	1	0
bicuculline methochloride bicuculline methochloride: guaternary analog of bicuculline; specific GABA antagonist in spinal cord; structure	2.38	2	0
2-carbomethoxy-8-(3-fluoropropyl)-3-(4-iodophenyl)tropane 2-carbomethoxy-8-(3-fluoropropyl)-3-(4-iodophenyl)tropane: used in PET and SPECT imaging of dopamine transporters; structure in first source	2.25	1	0
n-(1-methylethyl)-1,1,2-trimethylpropylamine N-(1-methylethyl)-1,1,2-trimethylpropylamine: an ATP-sensitive potassium channel opener	3.53	8	0
ly 389795 LY 389795: a group II metabotropic glutamate receptor agonist; structure in first source	3.1	1	0
methionine sulfoxide methionine sulfoxide: RN given refers to cpd without isomeric designation. L-methionine (R)-S-oxide : The (R)-oxido diastereomer of L-methionine S-oxide.	8.06	5	0	amino acid zwitterion; L-methionine S-oxide	Escherichia coli metabolite
cynandione a cynandione A: isolated from Cynanchum wilfordii; structure in first source	2.44	2	0
arl-67156 6-N,N-diethyl-beta,gamma-dibromomethylene-D-ATP: an inhibitor of ecto-ATPase	2.47	2	0
n-methylsulfonyl-6-(2-propargyloxyphenyl)hexanamide N-methylsulfonyl-6-(2-propargyloxyphenyl)hexanamide: inhibits rat renal microsomal arachidonic acid epoxidation	2.05	1	0
snap 6201 [no description available]	2.06	1	0
fmrfamide FMRFamide: A molluscan neuroactive peptide which induces a fast excitatory depolarizing response due to direct activation of amiloride-sensitive SODIUM CHANNELS. (From Nature 1995; 378(6558): 730-3)	3.27	6	0
cystathionine Cystathionine: Sulfur-containing amino acid formed as an intermediate in the conversion of METHIONINE to CYSTEINE.. cystathionine : A modified amino acid generated by enzymic means from homocysteine and serine.	4.55	5	1	cysteine derivative
huprine y huprine Y: structure in first source	2.01	1	0
opc-14857 OPC-14857: metabolite of aripiprazole; structure in first source	2.04	1	0
lecozotan lecozotan: structure in first source	2.02	1	0
azd 6244 AZD 6244: a MEK inhibitor	2.47	2	0	benzimidazoles; bromobenzenes; hydroxamic acid ester; monochlorobenzenes; organofluorine compound; secondary amino compound	anticoronaviral agent; antineoplastic agent; EC 2.7.11.24 (mitogen-activated protein kinase) inhibitor
phenobarbital sodium 2-(phosphonomethyl)pentanedioic acid: an N-acetylated alpha-linked acidic dipeptidase (NAALADase) antagonist	5.14	14	0
am 1241 AM 1241: a CB(2) receptor-selective agonist; no further information available 11/2001	2.11	1	0
apilimod [no description available]	2.31	1	0
act 058362 1-(2-(4-benzyl-4-hydroxypiperidin-1-yl)ethyl)-3-(2-methylquinolin-4-yl)urea: a urotensin-II receptor antagonist; structure in first source	2.02	1	0
n-acetylcysteinamide [no description available]	2.73	3	0
dimethylarginine dimethylarginine: structure in first source. dimethylarginine : An arginine derivative that is arginine substituted by two methyl groups. A "closed" class.	4.1	2	0
indantadol indantadol: NMDA antagonist and nonselective MAO inhibitor for the potential treatment of neuropathic pain; structure in first source	2.41	2	0
2-amino-4-boronobutanoic acid 2-amino-4-boronobutanoic acid: structure in first source	2.47	2	0
vitamin u Vitamin U: A vitamin found in green vegetables. It is used in the treatment of peptic ulcers, colitis, and gastritis and has an effect on secretory, acid-forming, and enzymatic functions of the intestinal tract.. S-methyl-L-methioninate : A sulfonium betaine that is a conjugate base of S-methyl-L-methionine obtained by the deprotonation of the carboxy group.	3.39	1	1	methyl-L-methionine; sulfonium betaine
ly 379268 LY 379268: group II metabotropic glutamate receptor agonist; structure in first source. LY 379268 : An organic heterobicyclic compound that is (1R,5S)-2-oxabicyclo[3.1.0]hexane carrying amino, carboxy, and carboxy groups at positions 4R, 4R and 6R, respectively. It is a potent agonist of group II metabotropic glutamate receptors mGluR2 and mGluR3 (EC50 = 2.69 nM and 4.48 nM, respectively) that exhibits antipsychotic-like action in animal models of schizophrenia.	6.35	28	0	amino dicarboxylic acid; bridged compound; organic heterobicyclic compound	antipsychotic agent; anxiolytic drug; metabotropic glutamate receptor agonist; neuroprotective agent
a-317567 A-317567: acid sensing ion channel blocker; structure in first source	2.05	1	0
n-propanoylmannosamine N-propanoylmannosamine: synthetic precursor of neuraminic acid	2	1	0
artenimol artenimol: derivative of antimalarial drug artemisinin (quinghaosu)	2.21	1	0
homocarnosine homocarnosine: RN given refers to parent cpd. homocarnosine : A histidine derivative that is histidine in which one of the hydrogens attached to the alpha-amino group has been replaced by a 4-aminobutanoyl group.	5.2	6	2	dipeptide zwitterion; dipeptide; homocarnosine; L-histidine derivative; N-acyl-L-alpha-amino acid anion; N-acyl-L-alpha-amino acid	human metabolite
18-methoxycoronaridine 18-methoxycoronaridine: a naturally-occurring iboga alkaloid; structure given in first source	2.02	1	0
ro 16-0154 iomazenil: potential benzodiazepine receptor imaging tracer for SPECT; structure given in first source; RN given refers to 123I-labeled cpd; RN for unlabeled cpd not avail 10/90	2.07	1	0
2-(4-iodo-2,5-dimethoxyphenyl)-n-(2-methoxybenzyl)ethanamine 2-(4-iodo-2,5-dimethoxyphenyl)-N-(2-methoxybenzyl)ethanamine: a PET radioligand and 5-HT(2A) receptor agonist; also used as a designer drug; structure in first source	3.01	3	0
thapsigargicin thapsigargicin: a hexaoxygenated tetraacylated sesquiterpene lactone tetraester isolated from roots of Thapsia garganica; structure given in first source; it induces mast cell degranulation and histamine release; it (and thapsitranstagin) is an analog of thapsigargin;	2.74	3	0
alpha-synuclein alpha-Synuclein: A synuclein that is a major component of LEWY BODIES and plays a role in SYNUCLEINOPATHIES, neurodegeneration and neuroprotection.	6.99	35	0
eledoisin Eledoisin: A peptide extracted from the posterior salivary glands of certain small octopi (Eledone spp., Mollusca), or obtained by synthesis. Its actions resemble those of SUBSTANCE P; it is a potent vasodilator and increases capillary permeability. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p1364)	1.96	1	0	peptide
sb 204990 [no description available]	3.27	1	0
jwh 018 1-pentyl-3-(1-naphthoyl)indole: structure in first source	2.11	1	0	indolecarboxamide
6-chlorotacrine 6-chlorotacrine: structure given in first source	2.21	1	0
erinacine a erinacine A: stimulates biosynthesis of nerve growth factor; isolated from the mushroom Hericium erinaceum	2.41	1	0	diterpenoid
homatropine methylbromide homatropine methylbromide: RN given refers to bromide (endo-(+-))-isomer	2.44	2	0
substance p [no description available]	2.41	2	0
sargachromenol sargachromenol: nerve growth factor-potentiating substance from Sargassum macrocarpum; structure in first source	2.41	1	0
r 214127 R 214127: an mGlu1 receptor ligand; structure in first source	2.43	2	0
oxadiazoles Oxadiazoles: Compounds containing five-membered heteroaromatic rings containing two carbons, two nitrogens, and one oxygen atom which exist in various regioisomeric forms.	8.49	179	0
vinflunine vinflunine: inhibits tubulin assembly; structure in first source. vinflunine : An organic heteropentacyclic compound and an organic heterotetracyclic compound that is vinorelbine in which the tetrahydropyridine moiety of the heterotetracyclic part of the molecule has been redced to the corresponding piperidine, and in which the ethyl group attached to this ring has been replaced by a 1,1-difluoroethyl group.	2.05	1	0	acetate ester; methyl ester; organic heteropentacyclic compound; organic heterotetracyclic compound; semisynthetic derivative; vinca alkaloid	antineoplastic agent
sch 442416 SCH 442416: an adenosine A2A receptor ligand	2.77	3	0	triazolopyrimidines
ly 341495 LY 341495: structure in first source	5.1	41	0
nodulisporic acid a nodulisporic acid A: a novel indole diterpene insecticide; structure in first source	2.48	2	0
maltooctaose maltooctaose: structure in first source	2.1	1	0	oligosaccharide
baci-im [no description available]	2.05	1	0	homodetic cyclic peptide; polypeptide; zwitterion	antibacterial agent; antimicrobial agent
ucn 1028 c calphostin C: structure given in first source; isolated from Cladosporium cladosporioides	3.88	12	0
ribose ribopyranose : The pyranose form of ribose.	3.93	13	0	D-ribose; ribopyranose
acebutolol alpha-D-glucosyl-(1->4)-alpha-D-mannose : An alpha-D-glucosyl-(1->4)-D-mannopyranose in which the anomeric hydroxy group has alpha configuration.	5.01	15	0	alpha-D-glucosyl-(1->4)-D-mannopyranose
8-oxo-2'-deoxyadenosine 8-hydroxy-2'-deoxyadenosine: structure in first source	2.02	1	0	purine 2'-deoxyribonucleoside
tafamidis tafamidis: may be effective in treating transthyretin amyloid polyneuropathy. tafamidis : A member of the class of 1,3-benzoxazoles that is 1,3-benzoxazole-6-carboxylic acid in which the hydrogen at position 2 is replaced by a 3,5-dichlorophenyl group. Used (as its meglumine salt) for the amelioration of transthyretin-related hereditary amyloidosis.	2.1	1	0	1,3-benzoxazoles; dichlorobenzene; monocarboxylic acid	central nervous system drug
lactulose Lactulose: A synthetic disaccharide used in the treatment of constipation and hepatic encephalopathy. It has also been used in the diagnosis of gastrointestinal disorders. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p887). lactulose : A synthetic galactosylfructose disaccharide used in the treatment of constipation and hepatic encephalopathy.	4.49	5	1
5,5'-difluoro-1,2-bis(2-aminophenoxy)ethane-n,n,n',n'-tetraacetic acid 5,5'-difluoro-1,2-bis(2-aminophenoxy)ethane-N,N,N',N'-tetraacetic acid: structure given in first source	1.98	1	0
grayanotoxin iii grayanotoxin III: from leaves of Leucothoe grayana (Ericaceae); RN refers to (3beta,6beta,14R)-isomer; structure given in first source	2.05	1	0
palytoxin palytoxin: coelenterate toxin; composed of substituted N-3-hydroxypropyl-trans-3-amidoacrylamides. palytoxin : A polyol marine coelenterate toxin composed of substituted N-3-hydroxypropyl-trans-3-amidoacrylamides and produced by species of Palythoa and Zoanthus soft corals (collectively called zoantharians), either as a defence mechanism or to assist them in capturing prey. An ionophore that forms cation channels through Na+/K+-ATPase, it is a potent vasoconstrictor useful in evaluation of anti-angina agents. It is considered to be one of the most poisonous non-protein substances known, second only to maitotoxin in terms of toxicity in mice.	2.42	2	0	polyol	toxin
3-hydroxyproline 3-hydroxyproline: HM refers to 4-hydroxyproline; RN given refers to cpd without isomeric designation. 3-hydroxyproline : A monohydroxyproline in which the hydroxy substituent is located at position C3.	1.98	1	0	3-hydroxyproline; amino acid zwitterion; D-proline derivative	bacterial metabolite; human metabolite
15-methoxypinusolidic acid 15-methoxypinusolidic acid: structure in first source	2.03	1	0
2,3,6,8-tetrahydroxy-1-(3-methylbut-2-enyl)-5-(2-methylbut-3-en-2-yl)-9h-xanthen-9-one 2,3,6,8-tetrahydroxy-1-(3-methylbut-2-enyl)-5-(2-methylbut-3-en-2-yl)-9H-xanthen-9-one: from the root bark of Cudrania tricuspidata; structure in first source. cudratricusxanthone A : A member of the class of xanthones that is 9H-xanthen-9-one substituted by hydroxy groups at positions 2, 3, 6 and 8, an isoprenyl group at position 1 and a 2-methylbut-3-en-2-yl group at position 5. It is isolated from the root barks of Cudrania tricuspidata and exhibits cytotoxicity towards human cancer cell lines.	2.04	1	0	polyphenol; xanthones	anti-inflammatory agent; antineoplastic agent; EC 1.14.99.1 (prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase) inhibitor; metabolite
cariprazine cariprazine: Structure in first source. cariprazine : An N-alkylpiperazine that is N,N-dimethyl-N'-{trans-4-[2-(piperazin-1-yl)ethyl]cyclohexyl}urea substituted at position 4 on the piperazine ring by a 2,3-dichlorophenyl group. Used (as the hydrochloride salt) for treatment of schizophrenia and bipolar disorder.	2.17	1	0
acetyl-11-ketoboswellic acid acetyl-11-ketoboswellic acid: a 5-lipoxygenase inhibitor; structure given in first source	2.9	3	0	triterpenoid
calpain inhibitor iii calpain inhibitor III: potential anticataract drug	3.26	6	0
4-(2-phenyl-5,7-bis(trifluoromethyl)pyrazolo(1,5-a)pyrimidin-3-yl)phenol 4-(2-phenyl-5,7-bis(trifluoromethyl)pyrazolo(1,5-a)pyrimidin-3-yl)phenol: a selective estrogen receptor modulator	2.17	1	0	pyrazoles; ring assembly
erastin erastin: an antineoplastic agent; structure in first source. erastin : A member of the class of quinazolines that is quinazolin-4(3H)-one in which the hydrogens at positions 2 and 3 are replaced by 1-{4-[(4-chlorophenoxy)acetyl]piperazin-1-yl}ethyl and 2-ethoxyphenyl groups, respectively. It is an inhibitor of voltage-dependent anion-selective channels (VDAC2 and VDAC3) and a potent ferroptosis inducer.	3.54	7	0	aromatic ether; diether; monochlorobenzenes; N-acylpiperazine; N-alkylpiperazine; quinazolines; tertiary carboxamide	antineoplastic agent; ferroptosis inducer; voltage-dependent anion channel inhibitor
abt-737 [no description available]	2.15	1	0	aromatic amine; aryl sulfide; biphenyls; C-nitro compound; monochlorobenzenes; N-arylpiperazine; N-sulfonylcarboxamide; secondary amino compound; tertiary amino compound	anti-allergic agent; anti-inflammatory agent; antineoplastic agent; apoptosis inducer; B-cell lymphoma 2 inhibitor
(+)-erythravine (+)-erythravine: erythrinian alkaloid derivative from the flowers of Erythrina mulungu; structure in first source	2.25	1	0
brimonidine tartrate Brimonidine Tartrate: A quinoxaline derivative and ADRENERGIC ALHPA-2 RECEPTOR AGONIST that is used to manage INTRAOCULAR PRESSURE associated with OPEN-ANGLE GLAUCOMA and OCULAR HYPERTENSION.	3.91	12	0
lurasidone hydrochloride Lurasidone Hydrochloride: A thiazole derivative and atypical ANTIPSYCHOTIC AGENT that functions as a DOPAMINE D2 RECEPTOR ANTAGONIST; SEROTONIN 5-HT2 RECEPTOR ANTAGONIST, serotonin 5-HT7 receptor antagonist, and antagonist of the adrenergic α2A and α2C receptors, as well as a partial SEROTONIN 5-HT1A RECEPTOR AGONIST. It is used in the treatment of SCHIZOPHRENIA and BIPOLAR DISORDER.. lurasidone hydrochloride : A hydrochloride obtained by reaction of lurasidone with one equivalent of hydrochloric acid. An atypical antipsychotic agent used for the treatment of schizophrenia.	3.3	5	0	hydrochloride	adrenergic antagonist; dopaminergic antagonist; second generation antipsychotic; serotonergic antagonist
pnu-282987 [no description available]	2.79	3	0
3-cyano-n-(1,3-diphenyl-1h-pyrazol-5-yl)benzamide 3-cyano-N-(1,3-diphenyl-1H-pyrazol-5-yl)benzamide: affects mGluR5 receptors; structure in first source	2.97	4	0
scyphostatin scyphostatin: a neutral sphingomyelinase inhibitor isolated from Trichopeziza mollissima; structure in first source	2.01	1	0	cyclohexenones
procyanidin b1 procyanidin B1 : A proanthocyanidin consisting of (-)-epicatechin and (+)-catechin units joined by a bond between positions 4 and 8' respectively in a beta-configuration.. Procyanidin B1 can be found in Cinnamomum verum (Ceylon cinnamon, in the rind, bark or cortex), in Uncaria guianensis (cat's claw, in the root), and in Vitis vinifera (common grape vine, in the leaf) or in peach.	2	1	0	biflavonoid; hydroxyflavan; polyphenol; proanthocyanidin	anti-inflammatory agent; EC 3.4.21.5 (thrombin) inhibitor; metabolite
fg-4592 roxadustat: structure in first source. roxadustat : An N-acylglycine resulting from the formal condensation of the amino group of glycine with the carboxy group of 4-hydroxy-1-methyl-7-phenoxyisoquinoline-3-carboxylic acid. It is an inhibitor of hypoxia inducible factor prolyl hydroxylase (HIF-PH).	2.53	2	0	aromatic ether; isoquinolines; N-acylglycine	EC 1.14.11.2 (procollagen-proline dioxygenase) inhibitor; EC 1.14.11.29 (hypoxia-inducible factor-proline dioxygenase) inhibitor
auy 954 AUY 954: an S1P(1) receptor agonist; structure in first source	2.03	1	0
chlorantranilipole chlorantranilipole: anthranilic diamide insecticide.that disrupts mating in codling moth (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae). chlorantraniliprole : A carboxamide resulting from the formal condensation of the carboxylic acid group of 3-bromo-1-(3-chloropyridin-2-yl)-1H-pyrazole-5-carboxylic acid with the primary amino group of 2-amino-5-chloro-N,3-dimethylbenzamide. The first of the anthranilic diamide insecticides, it is a ryanodine receptor activator and is used to protect a wide variety of crops, including corn, cotton, grapes, rice and potatoes.	2.41	1	0	monochlorobenzenes; organobromine compound; pyrazole insecticide; pyrazoles; pyridines; secondary carboxamide	ryanodine receptor agonist
nystatin a1 Nystatin: Macrolide antifungal antibiotic complex produced by Streptomyces noursei, S. aureus, and other Streptomyces species. The biologically active components of the complex are nystatin A1, A2, and A3.. nystatin : A heterogeneous mixture of polyene compounds produced by cultures of Streptomyces noursei. It mainly consists of three biologically active components designated nystatin A1, nystatin A2, and nystatin A3. It is used to treat oral and dermal fungal infections.. nystatin A1 : A polyene macrolide antibiotic; part of the nystatin complex produced by several Streptomyces species. It is an antifungal antibiotic used for the treatment of topical fungal infections caused by a broad spectrum of fungal pathogens comprising yeast-like and filamentous species.	3.49	8	0	nystatins
6,7-dichloro 3-(4-methylpiperazin-1-yl)quinoxalin-2(1h)-one 6,7-dichloro 3-(4-methylpiperazin-1-yl)quinoxalin-2(1H)-one: an NSAID; structure in first source	3.27	1	0
rhazinilam rhazinilam: tetracyclic structure comprises phenyl-pyrrole bridged by a nine-membered lactam ring; novel alkaloid isolated from Aspidosperma quebrachoblanco leaves; possesses mild analgesic activity in mice; RN given refers to (8aR-(8aR,14aR))-isomer; structure	2.13	1	0
np 031112 tideglusib: an NSAID and neuroprotective agent. tideglusib : A member of the class of thiadiazolidines that is 1,2,4-thiadiazolidine-3,5-dione which is substituted by a naphthalen-1-yl group at position 2 and by a benzyl group at position 4. It is a non-ATP competitive inhibitor of glycogen synthase kinase 3beta (GSK3beta) and has neuroprotective effects. Currently under clinical investigation for the treatment of Alzheimer's disease and progressive supranuclear palsy.	2.95	1	0	benzenes; naphthalenes; thiadiazolidine	anti-inflammatory agent; apoptosis inducer; EC 2.7.11.26 (tau-protein kinase) inhibitor; neuroprotective agent
nnz 2566 NNZ 2566: an (1-3) IGF-1 analog with neuroprotective activity	3.86	2	1
nu 7441 8-dibenzothiophen-4-yl-2-morpholin-4-yl-chromen-4-one: structure in first source	2.21	1	0	dibenzothiophenes
kaitocephalin kaitocephalin: structure in first source	2.07	1	0
6-azido-7-nitro-1,4-dihydroquinoxaline-2,3-dione 6-azido-7-nitro-1,4-dihydroquinoxaline-2,3-dione: structure in first source	2.03	1	0
peloruside a peloruside A: Antibiotics, Antineoplastic from the sponge Mycale; structure in first source. peloruside A : A macrolide that is a novel secondary metabolite isolated from a New Zealand marine sponge, Mycale hentscheli.	2.03	1	0
potassium cyanate potassium cyanate: RN given refers to cpd with MF of K-CHNO	2.44	2	0	cyanate salt; one-carbon compound	herbicide
resolvin d2 resolvin D2: structure in first source; a potent endogenous regulator of excessive inflammatory responses that acts via multiple cellular targets to stimulate resolution and preserve immune vigilance. resolvin D2 : A member of the class of resolvins that is (4Z,8E,10Z,12E,14E,19Z)-docosahexaenoic acid carrying three hydroxy substituents at positions 7, 16 and 17 (the 7S,16R,17S-stereoisomer).	2.1	1	0	hydroxy polyunsaturated fatty acid; resolvin; secondary allylic alcohol; triol	anti-inflammatory agent; anti-obesity agent; estrogen receptor agonist; human xenobiotic metabolite; rat metabolite
ym 244769 N-(3-aminobenzyl)-6-(4-((3-fluorobenzyl)oxy)phenoxy)nicotinamide: a putative neuroprotective agent that inhibits NCX3; structure in first source	2.1	1	0
avenaciolide avenaciolide: produced by Aspergillus avenaceus; inhibits glutamate transport in mitochondria, probably by releasing membrane bound cations; minor descriptor (75-83); on-line & Index Medicus search LACTONES (75-83); RN given refers to (3aR-(3aalpha,4alpha,6aalpha))-isomer	1.96	1	0
neodysiherbaine a neodysiherbaine A: an exitotoxic amino acid; structure in first source. neodysiherbaine A : A furopyran that is (3aR,7aR)-hexahydro-2H-furo[3,2-b]pyran substituted by carboxy, (2S)-2-amino-2-carboxyethyl, hydroxy and hydroxy groups at positions 2, 2, 6, and 7, respectively (the 2R,3aR,6R,7R,7aR-stereoisomer). A convulsant isolated from the marine sponge Dysidea herbacea.	2.46	2	0	amino dicarboxylic acid; diol; furopyran; hydroxy carboxylic acid	animal metabolite; excitatory amino acid agonist; marine metabolite
rh 795 RH 795: a voltage-sensitive fluorescent dye	2.02	1	0
cp 154526 CP 154526: structure in first source	2.44	2	0
arginine aspartate arginine aspartate: RN given refers to (L)-isomer of aspartic acid with L-arginine (1:1)	1.97	1	0
alisporivir alisporivir: nonimmunosuppressive cyclosporin analog; structure/sequence in first source	2.31	1	0	homodetic cyclic peptide	anticoronaviral agent
kr-33028 N-(4-cyano-benzo(b)thiophene-2-carbonyl)guanidine: a cardioprotective agent for preventing ischemia-reperfusion injury; structure in first source	2.05	1	0
vabicaserin vabicaserin: an antipsychotic agent and 5-HT2C receptor agonist; structure in first source	3.41	1	0
5-hydroxy-2-(2-phenylethyl)chromone 5-hydroxy-2-(2-phenylethyl)chromone: neuroprotective compound from rhizomes of Imperata cylindrica; structure in first source	2.03	1	0
hu 308 HU 308: a specific agonist for CB(2), a peripheral cannabinoid receptor; structure in first source. HU-308 : A carbobicyclic compound that is bicyclo[3.1.1]hept-2-ene which is substituted by a hydroxymethyl group at position 2, a 2,6-dimethoxy-4-(2-methyloctan-2-yl)phenyl group at position 4, and two methyl groups at position 6 (the 1S,4S,5S stereoisomer). A highly selective and effective cannabinoid type-2 agonist and the enantiomer of HU-433.	2.45	2	0	aromatic ether; bridged compound; carbobicyclic compound; primary allylic alcohol; synthetic cannabinoid	anti-inflammatory agent; antihypertensive agent; apoptosis inhibitor; bone density conservation agent; CB2 receptor agonist
chlorophyll b [no description available]	2.13	1	0	chlorophyll	cofactor
lisdexamfetamine dimesylate Lisdexamfetamine Dimesylate: A dextroamphetamine drug precursor that also functions as a CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM STIMULANT and DOPAMINE UPTAKE INHIBITOR and is used in the treatment of ATTENTION DEFICIT HYPERACTIVITY DISORDER.	3.94	2	0
cannabidivarin cannabidivarin: from Cannabis sativa	3.59	1	1	monoterpenoid
veratridine Veratridine: A benzoate-cevane found in VERATRUM and Schoenocaulon. It activates SODIUM CHANNELS to stay open longer than normal.	7.37	144	0
l-beta-threo-benzyl-aspartate L-beta-threo-benzyl-aspartate: structure in first source	2.25	1	0
ubp296 UBP296: potent and selective kainate receptor antagonist; structure in first source	2.44	2	0	alpha-amino acid
ginsenoside rd ginsenoside Rd: RN refers to (3beta,12beta)-isomer. ginsenoside Rd : A ginsenoside found in Panax ginseng and Panax japonicus var. major that is (20S)-ginsenoside Rg3 in which the hydroxy group at position 20 has been converted to its beta-D-glucopyranoside.	2.47	2	0	beta-D-glucoside; ginsenoside; tetracyclic triterpenoid	anti-inflammatory drug; apoptosis inducer; immunosuppressive agent; neuroprotective agent; plant metabolite; vulnerary
n,n'-dibenzhydrylethane-1,2-diamine dihydrochloride N,N'-dibenzhydrylethane-1,2-diamine dihydrochloride: selective metabotropic glutamate receptor 7 agonist; structure in first source. AMN082 dihydrochloride : A hydrochloride obtained by combining N,N'-bis(diphenylmethyl)ethane-1,2-diamine with two molar equivalent of hydrochloric acid.	3.87	11	0	hydrochloride	geroprotector; metabotropic glutamate receptor agonist; neuroprotective agent
trametinib [no description available]	3.05	4	0	acetamides; aromatic amine; cyclopropanes; organofluorine compound; organoiodine compound; pyridopyrimidine; ring assembly	anticoronaviral agent; antineoplastic agent; EC 2.7.11.24 (mitogen-activated protein kinase) inhibitor; geroprotector
lyoniresinol lyoniresinol: isoalted from the vine stem of Bauhinia championii; structure in first source. (+)-lyoniresinol : A lignan that is tetralin substituted by a 4-hydroxy-3,5-dimethoxy group at position 4, hydroxymethyl groups at positions 2 and 3, methoxy groups at positions 5 and 7 and a hydroxy group at position 6. Isolated from Machilus robusta and Sinocalamus affinis, it exhibits antineoplastic activity.	2.13	1	0	dimethoxybenzene; lignan; polyphenol; primary alcohol; tetralins	antineoplastic agent; metabolite
bay 60-6583 BAY 60-6583: structure in first source. BAY 60-6583 : A member of the class of cyanopyridines that is 6-amino-3,5-dicyano-4-(4-hydroxyphenyl)-2-sulfanylpyridine in which the hydroxy and sulfanyl hydrogens are replaced by cyclopropylmethyl and carboxamidomethyl groups respectively.	2.55	2	0	aminopyridine; aromatic ether; aryl sulfide; cyanopyridine; cyclopropanes; monocarboxylic acid amide	adenosine A2B receptor agonist; anti-inflammatory agent; cardioprotective agent
zj43 ZJ43: N-acetylaspartylglutamate (NAAG) peptidase inhibitor; structure in first source	2.15	1	0
losartan potassium Erythropoietin: Glycoprotein hormone, secreted chiefly by the KIDNEY in the adult and the LIVER in the FETUS, that acts on erythroid stem cells of the BONE MARROW to stimulate proliferation and differentiation.	7.26	28	0
azinomycin a azinomycin A: from Streptomyces griseofuscus S42227; structure given in first source; (but Biochemistry. 2000 Dec 5;39(48):14968-75 says Azinomycin B = carzinophilin A)	2.15	1	0
diosgenin glucoside diosgenin glucoside: RN given refers to (3beta,25R)-isomer; structure given in first source. diosgenin 3-O-beta-D-glucoside : A sterol 3-beta-D-glucoside having diosgenin as the sterol component.	2.31	1	0	hexacyclic triterpenoid; monosaccharide derivative; spiroketal; sterol 3-beta-D-glucoside	metabolite
2-(n-(7-nitrobenz-2-oxa-1,3-diazol-4-yl)amino)-2-deoxyglucose 2-(N-(7-nitrobenz-2-oxa-1,3-diazol-4-yl)amino)-2-deoxyglucose: fluorescent probe for glucose uptake activity in E coli; structure given in first source	2.72	3	0
n-acetylmannosamine N-acetylmannosamine: RN given refers to cpd without isomeric designation. N-acetylmannosamine : Any mannosamine carrying an N-acetyl substituent	2	1	0
lolitrem b lolitrem B: neurotoxin from staggers-producing ryegrass pastures; MF C42-H55-N-O7	1.96	1	0
empagliflozin [no description available]	4.04	2	1	aromatic ether; C-glycosyl compound; monochlorobenzenes; tetrahydrofuryl ether	hypoglycemic agent; sodium-glucose transport protein subtype 2 inhibitor
octanoylcarnitine octanoylcarnitine: RN given refers to cpd without isomeric designation. O-octanoyl-L-carnitine : The L-enantiomer of an O-octanoylcarnitine.	5.59	7	0	O-octanoylcarnitine; saturated fatty acyl-L-carnitine	human metabolite
palmitoylcarnitine Palmitoylcarnitine: A long-chain fatty acid ester of carnitine which facilitates the transfer of long-chain fatty acids from cytoplasm into mitochondria during the oxidation of fatty acids.. O-palmitoyl-L-carnitine : An O-acyl-L-carnitine in which the acyl group is specified as palmitoyl (hexadecanoyl).	3.61	9	0	O-palmitoylcarnitine; saturated fatty acyl-L-carnitine	EC 3.6.3.9 (Na(+)/K(+)-transporting ATPase) inhibitor; human metabolite; mouse metabolite
technetium tc 99m exametazime Technetium Tc 99m Exametazime: A gamma-emitting RADIONUCLIDE IMAGING agent used in the evaluation of regional cerebral blood flow and in non-invasive dynamic biodistribution studies and MYOCARDIAL PERFUSION IMAGING. It has also been used to label leukocytes in the investigation of INFLAMMATORY BOWEL DISEASES.	2	1	0
boldenone undecylenate [no description available]	2.06	1	0
brl 15572 BRL 15572: specific for h5-HT(1D) receptors; structure in first source. 3-[4-(3-chlorophenyl)piperazin-1-yl]-1,1-diphenylpropan-2-ol hydrochloride : A hydrochloride that is the monohydrochloride salt of 3-[4-(3-chlorophenyl)piperazin-1-yl]-1,1-diphenylpropan-2-ol. A selective h5-HT1D antagonist, displaying 60-fold selectivity over h5-HT1B, and exhibiting little or no affinity for a range of other receptor types.	2	1	0	hydrochloride	prodrug; serotonergic antagonist
calcimycin Calcimycin: An ionophorous, polyether antibiotic from Streptomyces chartreusensis. It binds and transports CALCIUM and other divalent cations across membranes and uncouples oxidative phosphorylation while inhibiting ATPase of rat liver mitochondria. The substance is used mostly as a biochemical tool to study the role of divalent cations in various biological systems.	6.4	54	0	benzoxazole
dextrothyroxine [no description available]	5.15	44	0
veliparib [no description available]	2.05	1	0	benzimidazoles	EC 2.4.2.30 (NAD(+) ADP-ribosyltransferase) inhibitor
delta-1-pyrroline-5-carboxylate delta-1-pyrroline-5-carboxylate: (L)-isomer is the biologically active form; RN given refers to cpd without isomeric designation; structure	6.23	19	0	1-pyrroline-5-carboxylate
4-hydroxybutyryl-coenzyme a 4-hydroxybutyryl-coenzyme A: structure given in first source. 4-hydroxybutyryl-CoA : An acyl-CoA resulting from the formal condensation of the thiol group of coenzyme A with the carboxy group of 4-hydroxybutyric acid.	2.11	1	0	hydroxyacyl-CoA
sepharose agarose : A linear polysaccharide made up from alternating D-galactose and 3,6-anhydro-alpha-L-galactopyranose residues joined by alpha-(1->3)- and beta-(1->4)-linkages.	3.29	6	0
scopolamine hydrobromide [no description available]	7.63	71	0
dactolisib dactolisib: antineoplastic agent that inhibits both phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase and mTOR. dactolisib : An imidazoquinoline that is 3-methyl-2-oxo-2,3-dihydro-1H-imidazo[4,5-c]quinoline substituted at position 1 by a 4-(1-cyanoisopropyl)phenyl group and at position 8 by a quinolin-3-yl group. A dual PI3K/mTOR inhibitor used in cancer treatment.	2.31	1	0	imidazoquinoline; nitrile; quinolines; ring assembly; ureas	antineoplastic agent; EC 2.7.1.137 (phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase) inhibitor; mTOR inhibitor
brexpiprazole brexpiprazole: a serotonin agent; structure in first source	2.15	1	0	N-arylpiperazine
pituitrin Pituitrin: A substance or extract from the neurohypophysis (PITUITARY GLAND, POSTERIOR).	8.18	56	0
ns 9283 3-(3-(pyridine-3-yl)-1,2,4-oxadiazol-5-yl)benzonitrile: an alpha4beta2 nAChR agonist	2.08	1	0
acerogenin a acerogenin A: stimulates osteoblast differentiation; isolated from Acer nikoense	2.11	1	0
pf 03491390 [no description available]	2.05	1	0
cyclohexylalanine cyclohexylalanine: RN given refers to cpd without isomeric designation	1.98	1	0
pyrostatin a pyrostatin A: inhibits N-acetyl-beta-D-glucosaminidase; isolated from Streptomyces; structure in first source. 5-hydroxyectoine : A carboxamidine heterocycle which is obtained by formal condensation of 4-amino-L-allothreonine with acetic acid.	2.42	2	0	1,4,5,6-tetrahydropyrimidines; carboxamidine; iminium betaine; monocarboxylic acid; secondary alcohol
n-monoacetylcystine N-monoacetylcystine: antidote for paracetamol poisoning	2.73	3	0
inositol 3,4,5-trisphosphate [no description available]	2.04	1	0
resorcinarene resorcinarene: structure in first source	2.52	2	0
leojaponin leojaponin: from Leonurus japonicus leaves; structure in first source	2.05	1	0
24-hydroxycholesterol 24-hydroxycholesterol : An oxysterol that is cholesterol which is substituted by a hydroxy group at position 24.	2.51	2	0	24-hydroxy steroid; 3beta-hydroxy-Delta(5)-steroid; oxysterol
phytosterols Phytosterols: A class of organic compounds known as sterols or STEROIDS derived from plants.. phytosterols : Sterols similar to cholesterol which occur in plants and vary only in carbon side chains and/or presence or absence of a double bond.	2.06	1	0
hirsuteine hirsuteine: structure given in first source; RN given refers to parent cpd; isolated from Uncaria rhynchophylla	2.43	2	0
cyclopenin cyclopenin: Penicillium metabolite; structure	1.96	1	0
enerbol Life: The state that distinguishes organisms from inorganic matter, manifested by growth, metabolism, reproduction, and adaptation. It includes the course of existence, the sum of experiences, the mode of existing, or the fact of being. Over the centuries inquiries into the nature of life have crossed the boundaries from philosophy to biology, forensic medicine, anthropology, etc., in creative as well as scientific literature. (Random House Unabridged Dictionary, 2d ed; Dr. James H. Cassedy, NLM History of Medicine Division)	2.04	1	0
glycoursodeoxycholic acid glycoursodeoxycholic acid : A bile acid glycine conjugate derived from ursoodeoxycholic acid.. glycoursodeoxycholate : A N-acylglycinate that is the conjugate base of glycoursodeoxycholic acid. obtained by deprotonation of the carboxy group; major species at pH 7.3.	2.46	2	0	bile acid glycine conjugate; N-acylglycine	human blood serum metabolite; neuroprotective agent
ouabagenin ouabagenin: inhibitor of ATPASE; structure. ouabagenin : A hexahydroxy steroidal lactone obtained by hydrolysis of ouabain.	2.03	1	0	1-hydroxy steroid; 11alpha-hydroxy steroid; 14beta-hydroxy steroid; 19-hydroxy steroid; 3beta-hydroxy steroid; 5beta-hydroxy steroid	EC 3.6.3.9 (Na(+)/K(+)-transporting ATPase) inhibitor
parkeol parkeol: the triterpene precursor of saponins in sea cucmbers; structure given in first source. parkeol : A tetracyclic triterpenoid comprised of a lanostane skeleton which is 3beta-hydroxylated and has double bonds at the 9(11)- and 24-positions.	2.01	1	0	3beta-hydroxy-4,4-dimethylsteroid; 3beta-sterol; tetracyclic triterpenoid	metabolite
rifamycins [no description available]	1.96	1	0
ethidium homodimer ethidium homodimer: structure	2.04	1	0
clove Madagascar: One of the Indian Ocean Islands off the southeast coast of Africa. Its capital is Antananarivo. It was formerly called the Malagasy Republic. Discovered by the Portuguese in 1500, its history has been tied predominantly to the French, becoming a French protectorate in 1882, a French colony in 1896, and a territory within the French union in 1946. The Malagasy Republic was established in the French Community in 1958 but it achieved independence in 1960. Its name was changed to Madagascar in 1975. (From Webster's New Geographical Dictionary, 1988, p714)	2.75	3	0
ginsenoside rc [no description available]	2.6	1	0	12beta-hydroxy steroid; beta-D-glucoside; disaccharide derivative; ginsenoside; tetracyclic triterpenoid	hypoglycemic agent; plant metabolite
ginsenoside rb3 [no description available]	2.03	1	0	12beta-hydroxy steroid; beta-D-glucoside; disaccharide derivative; ginsenoside; tetracyclic triterpenoid	antidepressant; antioxidant; cardioprotective agent; neuroprotective agent; NMDA receptor antagonist; plant metabolite
acid phosphatase Acid Phosphatase: An enzyme that catalyzes the conversion of an orthophosphoric monoester and water to an alcohol and orthophosphate. EC 3.1.3.2.	2.66	3	0
eosine i bluish Eosine I Bluish: A red fluorescein dye used as a histologic stain. It may be cytotoxic, mutagenic, and inhibit certain mitochondrial functions.	2.72	3	0	organic sodium salt	fluorescent dye; histological dye
erythrosine Erythrosine: A tetraiodofluorescein used as a red coloring in some foods (cherries, fish), as a disclosure of DENTAL PLAQUE, and as a stain of some cell types. It has structural similarity to THYROXINE.. erythrosin B : An organic sodium salt that is the disodium salt of 2-(2,4,5,7-tetraiodo-6-oxido-3-oxo-8a,10a-dihydroxanthen-9-yl)benzoic acid.	2.42	2	0
ants Ants: Insects of the family Formicidae, very common and widespread, probably the most successful of all the insect groups. All ants are social insects, and most colonies contain three castes, queens, males, and workers. Their habits are often very elaborate and a great many studies have been made of ant behavior. Ants produce a number of secretions that function in offense, defense, and communication. (From Borror, et al., An Introduction to the Study of Insects, 4th ed, p676)	2.1	1	0
asterina Asterina: A genus of STARFISH in the family Asterinidae. They externally hold developing embryos (EMBRYO, NON-MAMMALIAN) among the spines below the oral surface.	7.15	1	0
m-trifluoromethyl-diphenyl diselenide m-trifluoromethyl-diphenyl diselenide: structure in first source	2.51	2	0
org 26576 Org 26576: AMPA receptor potentiator	2.07	1	0
ammonium citrate [no description available]	6.93	1	0	ammonium salt; citrate salt	buffer; food emulsifier
maltoheptaose maltoheptaose: consists of seven glucose residues in a linear 1,4-alpha-linkage; substrate for determining alpha-amylase in serum; RN given refers to (D-glucopyranose)-isomer. maltoheptaose : A maltoheptaose heptasaccharide in which the glucose residue at the reducing end is in the aldehydo open-chain form.. alpha-D-Glcp-(1->4)-alpha-D-Glcp-(1->4)-alpha-D-Glcp-(1->4)-alpha-D-Glcp-(1->4)-alpha-D-Glcp-(1->4)-alpha-D-Glcp-(1->4)-D-Glcp : A maltoheptaose heptasaccharide consisting of six alpha-D-glucose residues and a D-glucose residue joined in sequence by (1->4) glycosidic bonds.	2.38	2	0	maltoheptaose heptasaccharide
sc 45647 SC 45647: a guanidine sweetener; no further information available	2.01	1	0
2-deoxyinosose 2-deoxyinosose: structure given in first source; an early intermediate in the biosynthesis of 2-deoxystreptamine	2.03	1	0
2',3'-dihydroxy-4',6'-dimethoxychalcone 2',3'-dihydroxy-4',6'-dimethoxychalcone: from the leaves of green perilla (Perilla frutescens var. crispa f. viridis); structure in first source	2.25	1	0
curcumol [no description available]	2.1	1	0	sesquiterpenoid
butaprost butaprost: highly selective prostaglandin receptor agonist; structure given in first source	2.11	1	0
azinomycin b azinomycin B: C31H33N3O11; from Streptomyces griseofuscus S42227; structure given in first source	2.15	1	0
8-azidoadenosine 5'-monophosphate 8-azidoadenosine 5'-monophosphate: RN given refers to above cpd; RN in Chemline for 2-azido-isomer: 64020-54-8	1.97	1	0
lyoniside lyoniside: see also eleutherosides & syringin for eleutheroside B: 118-34-3; RN given refers to (3beta)-isomer	2.01	1	0
glyx-13 peptide GLYX-13 peptide: a monoclonal antibody-derived peptide that acts as an N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor modulator	2.25	1	0
discodermolide discodermolide: a lactone-bearing polyhydroxylated alkatetraene from the marine sponge Discodermia dissoluta; microtubule-stabilizing agent like taxol	2.03	1	0
physalaemin Physalaemin: An oligopeptide isolated from the skin of Physalaemus fuscumaculatus, a South American frog. It is a typical kinin, resembling SUBSTANCE P in structure and action and has been proposed as a sialagogue, antihypertensive, and vasodilator.	1.98	1	0
icatibant icatibant: a potent bradykinin (B2) receptor antagonist; WIN 65365 is an L-Tic(7) stereoisomer. icatibant : A ten-membered synthetic oligopeptide consisting of D-Arg, Arg, Pro, Hyp, Gly, Thi, Ser, D-Tic, Oic, and Arg residues joined in sequrence. A bradykinin receptor antagonist used as its acetate salt for the treatment of acute attacks of hereditary angioedema in adult patients.	2.7	3	0
jaw [no description available]	6.17	17	2	indolecarboxamide
cyanidin-3-o-beta-glucopyranoside cyanidin-3-O-beta-glucopyranoside: a natural compound distributed in several fruits & vegetables, such as strawberry, rhubarb, cherry, red cabbage, red onion, cranberries, etc.	2.25	1	0
homopropargylglycine homopropargylglycine: structure in first source	2.31	1	0
ly 233053 LY 233053: structure given in first source; LY-235723 is the (cis-(-))-isomer; RN given refers to (cis-(+-))-isomer	1.98	1	0
nad NAD(1-) : An anionic form of nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide arising from deprotonation of the two OH groups of the diphosphate moiety.	16.04	251	0	organophosphate oxoanion	cofactor; human metabolite; hydrogen acceptor; Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite
tin mesoporphyrin tin mesoporphyrin: structure given in first source; RN given refers to dihydrogen, (SP-4-2)-isomer; RN for cpd without isomeric designation not available 5/88	1.99	1	0
serofendic acid serofendic acid: structure in first source	4.89	6	0
vu0092273 VU0092273: mGlu(5) positive allosteric modulator	2.07	1	0
imidazoleacetic acid ribotide imidazoleacetic acid ribotide: metabolite of imidazole acetic acid	2.57	2	0	imidazoles; monocarboxylic acid; N-glycosyl compound; ribose monophosphate
a 803467 A 803467: an Nav1.8 sodium channel blocker; structure in first source	2.05	1	0
5-(alpha-methyl-4-bromobenzylamino)phosphonomethyl-1,4-dihydroquinoxaline-2,3-dione 5-(alpha-methyl-4-bromobenzylamino)phosphonomethyl-1,4-dihydroquinoxaline-2,3-dione: an excitatory amino acid antagonist; structure in first source	3.45	7	0
amodiaquine hydrochloride [no description available]	2.05	1	0
cytochrome c-t Cytochromes c: Cytochromes of the c type that are found in eukaryotic MITOCHONDRIA. They serve as redox intermediates that accept electrons from MITOCHONDRIAL ELECTRON TRANSPORT COMPLEX III and transfer them to MITOCHONDRIAL ELECTRON TRANSPORT COMPLEX IV.	7.16	43	0
cob(ii)alamin cob(II)alamin : A cobalamin in which the central cobalt atom has an oxidation state of +2.	2.42	2	0	cobalamin	cofactor; human metabolite
myxol myxol: structure in first source	2.03	1	0	xanthophyll
3,6-anhydrogalactose 3,6-anhydrogalactose: structure in first source	2.25	1	0	aldehyde; anhydrohexose
niga-ichigoside f1 niga-ichigoside F1: RN given for (2alpha,3beta,4alpha)-isomer. 19alpha-hydroxyasiatic acid-28-O-beta-D-glucopyrannoside : A triterpenoid saponin that is 19alpha-hydroxyasiatic acid attached to a beta-D-glucopyranosyl residue at position 28 via a glycosidic linkage. It has been isolated from the leaves of Rosa laevigata.	2.03	1	0	beta-D-glucoside; monosaccharide derivative; pentacyclic triterpenoid; tetrol; triterpenoid saponin	plant metabolite
calcitonin [no description available]	2.31	1	0
cosyntropin Cosyntropin: A synthetic peptide that is identical to the 24-amino acid segment at the N-terminal of ADRENOCORTICOTROPIC HORMONE. ACTH (1-24), a segment similar in all species, contains the biological activity that stimulates production of CORTICOSTEROIDS in the ADRENAL CORTEX.. cosyntropin : A synthetic peptide that is identical to the 24-amino acid segment at the N-terminal of adrenocorticotropic hormone (corticotropin). A segment similar in all species, it contains the biological activity that stimulates production of corticosteroids in the adrenal cortex. It is used diagnostically to investigate adrenocortical insufficiency.	2.41	2	0
melitten Melitten: Basic polypeptide from the venom of the honey bee (Apis mellifera). It contains 26 amino acids, has cytolytic properties, causes contracture of muscle, releases histamine, and disrupts surface tension, probably due to lysis of cell and mitochondrial membranes.	3.79	11	0
cholecystokinin Cholecystokinin: A peptide, of about 33 amino acids, secreted by the upper INTESTINAL MUCOSA and also found in the central nervous system. It causes gallbladder contraction, release of pancreatic exocrine (or digestive) enzymes, and affects other gastrointestinal functions. Cholecystokinin may be the mediator of satiety.	8.81	48	0
ceruletide Ceruletide: A specific decapeptide obtained from the skin of Hila caerulea, an Australian amphibian. Caerulein is similar in action and composition to CHOLECYSTOKININ. It stimulates gastric, biliary, and pancreatic secretion; and certain smooth muscle. It is used in paralytic ileus and as diagnostic aid in pancreatic malfunction.. ceruletide : A decapeptide comprising 5-oxoprolyl, glutamyl, aspartyl, O-sulfotyrosyl, threonyl, glycyl, tryptopyl, methionyl, aspartyl and phenylalaninamide residues in sequence. Found in the skins of certain Australian amphibians, it is an analogue of the gastrointestinal peptide hormone cholecystokinin and stimulates gastric, biliary, and pancreatic secretion. It is used in cases of paralysis of the intestine (paralytic ileus) and as a diagnostic aid in pancreatic malfunction.	3.24	6	0	oligopeptide	diagnostic agent; gastrointestinal drug
motilin Motilin: A peptide of about 22-amino acids isolated from the DUODENUM. At low pH it inhibits gastric motor activity, whereas at high pH it has a stimulating effect.	2.17	1	0
dynorphins Dynorphins: A class of opioid peptides including dynorphin A, dynorphin B, and smaller fragments of these peptides. Dynorphins prefer kappa-opioid receptors (RECEPTORS, OPIOID, KAPPA) and have been shown to play a role as central nervous system transmitters.	6.82	48	0
cgp 39393 desirudin: recombinant hirudin; has identical amino acid sequence as the natural hirudin variant 1 but lacks the sulphate group on Tyr(63). desirudin : A heterodetic cyclic peptide composed of 65 amino acids joined in sequence and cyclised by three disulfide bridges between cysteine residues 6-14, 16-28 and 22-39. It is a highly specific inhibitor of thrombin and used as an anticoagulant in patients to prevent venous thromboembolism. Its amino acid sequence differs from natural hirudin by lack of sulfate group on Tyr-63.	2.13	1	0
atrial natriuretic factor Atrial Natriuretic Factor: A potent natriuretic and vasodilatory peptide or mixture of different-sized low molecular weight PEPTIDES derived from a common precursor and secreted mainly by the HEART ATRIUM. All these peptides share a sequence of about 20 AMINO ACIDS.	5.39	11	0	polypeptide
tannins gallotannin : A class of hydrolysable tannins obtained by condensation of the carboxy group of gallic acid (and its polymeric derivatives) with the hydroxy groups of a monosaccharide (most commonly glucose).	2.54	2	0	tannin
magainin 2 peptide, xenopus magainin 2 peptide, Xenopus: from skin of Xenopus laevis; 23-amino acid sequence given in first source; differs from magainin 1 by substitution of Lys instead of Gly at position 10 & Asn instead of Lys at position 22; also used to prevent development of malarial oocysts in mosquito vector; Z-12 is magainin 2 with Lys and Phe residues replaced with their respective D-isomers; homologue of the Xenopus laevis cement; GenBank AF004262 (mouse), AF007791, AF038451-2 (human)	1.98	1	0
enfuvirtide Enfuvirtide: A synthetic 36-amino acid peptide that corresponds to the heptad repeat sequence of HIV-1 gp41. It blocks HIV cell fusion and viral entry and is used with other anti-retrovirals for combination therapy of HIV INFECTIONS and AIDS.. enfuvirtide : A synthetic 36-amino acid peptide consisting of N-acetyltyrosyl, threonyl, seryl, leucyl, isoleucyl, histidyl, seryl, leucyl, isoleucyl, alpha-glutamyl, alpha-glutamyl, seryl, glutaminyl, asparaginyl, glutaminyl, glutaminyl, alpha-glutamyl, lysyl, asparaginyl, alpha-glutamyl, alpha-glutamyl, alpha-glutamyl, leucyl, leucyl, alpha-glutamyl, leucyl, alpha-aspartyl, lysyl, tryptophyl, alanyl, seryl, leucyl, tryptophyl, asparaginyl, tryptophyl, and phenylalaninamide residues joined in sequence. An HIV fusion inhibitor, it was the first of a novel class of antiretroviral drugs used in combination therapy for the treatment of HIV-1 infection. It interferes with entry of HIV into cells by binding to the gp41 sub-unit of the viral envelope glycoprotein, so inhibiting fusion of viral and cellular membranes.	2.08	1	0
lhrh, his(5)-trp(7)-tyr(8)- LHRH, His(5)-Trp(7)-Tyr(8)-: isolated from chicken hypothalamus; also ostrich; RN given refers to all-(L)-isomer	2.45	2	0
hirugen hirugen: amino acid sequence given in first source	2.03	1	0
neuropeptide f neuropeptide F: amino acid sequence given in first source; MW 4433 Da; from tubellarian Artioposthia triangulata	3.14	1	0
galanin (1-15) galanin (1-15): modulates 5-HT(1A) receptors in dorsal hippocampus	1.99	1	0
humanin humanin: suppresses neuronal cell death induced by the Swedish mutant of amyloid precursor protein; suppresses neuronal cell death induced by three different types of FAD genes and amyloid beta; amino acid sequence in first source	2.02	1	0
nociceptin [no description available]	7.02	32	0	organic molecular entity; polypeptide	human metabolite; rat metabolite
alamethicin Alamethicin: A cyclic nonadecapeptide antibiotic that can act as an ionophore and is produced by strains of Trichoderma viride. (From Singleton & Sainsbury, Dictionary of Microbiology and Molecular Biology, 2d ed)	2.94	4	0
galantide galantide: consists of 20-amino acid residues, 12 AA from the N-terminal of galanin and the C-terminal part of Substance P; blocks the galanin-mediated inhibition of glucose-induced insulin secretion; amino acid sequence given in first source	2.93	4	0
fibrinopeptide b Fibrinopeptide B: Two small peptide chains removed from the N-terminal segment of the beta chains of fibrinogen by the action of thrombin. Each peptide chain contains 20 amino acid residues. The removal of fibrinopeptides B is not required for coagulation.	2.42	2	0
dynorphin (2-17) dynorphin (2-17): does not have opioid binding potential	2.02	1	0
omega-conotoxin (conus magus) Conus magus toxin: from marine mollusk Conus magus; 25-27 amino acid peptide; MW 3 kDa	2.67	3	0
glucagon-like peptide 1 (7-36)amide glucagon-like peptide 1 (7-36)amide: potent stimulator of insulin released in perfused mammalian pancreas	2	1	0
galanin (1-16) galanin (1-16): N-terminal fragment of galanin; agonist at the hippocampal galanin receptor	1.99	1	0
gastrins Gastrins: A family of gastrointestinal peptide hormones that excite the secretion of GASTRIC JUICE. They may also occur in the central nervous system where they are presumed to be neurotransmitters.	5.54	9	2
urotensin i urotensin I: stimulates active chloride transport by the skin of marine teleost in contrast to urotensin II which inhibits it; RN given refers to urotensin I with unknown MF; see also record for urotensin II	1.99	1	0
gramicidin a Gramicidin: A group of peptide antibiotics from BACILLUS brevis. Gramicidin C or S is a cyclic, ten-amino acid polypeptide and gramicidins A, B, D are linear. Gramicidin is one of the two principal components of TYROTHRICIN.	4.34	20	0
glucagon Glucagon: A 29-amino acid pancreatic peptide derived from proglucagon which is also the precursor of intestinal GLUCAGON-LIKE PEPTIDES. Glucagon is secreted by PANCREATIC ALPHA CELLS and plays an important role in regulation of BLOOD GLUCOSE concentration, ketone metabolism, and several other biochemical and physiological processes. (From Gilman et al., Goodman and Gilman's The Pharmacological Basis of Therapeutics, 9th ed, p1511). glucagon : A 29-amino acid peptide hormone consisting of His, Ser, Gln, Gly, Thr, Phe, Thr, Ser, Asp, Tyr, Ser, Lys, Tyr, Leu, Asp, Ser, Arg, Arg, Ala, Gln, Asp, Phe, Val, Gln, Trp, Leu, Met, Asn and Thr residues joined in sequence.	7.22	48	0	peptide hormone
mast cell degranulating peptide mast cell degranulating peptide: isolated from bee venoms; made up of 22 amino acids; has 2 disulfide bridges	2.9	4	0
big gastrin big gastrin: isolated from Zollinger-Ellison syndrome gastrinomas & hog antral mucosa; have encountered tetratricontapeptide & nonadecapeptide gastrin; big-big gastrin significantly higher in patients with duodenal ulcers; big gastrin refers gastrin which has a longer peptide chain than the normal heptadecapeptide gastrin	2.02	1	0
beta-endorphin beta-Endorphin: A 31-amino acid peptide that is the C-terminal fragment of BETA-LIPOTROPIN. It acts on OPIOID RECEPTORS and is an analgesic. Its first four amino acids at the N-terminal are identical to the tetrapeptide sequence of METHIONINE ENKEPHALIN and LEUCINE ENKEPHALIN.. beta-endorphin : A polypeptide consisting of 31 amino acid residues in the sequence Tyr-Gly-Gly-Phe-Met-Thr-Ser-Glu-Lys-Ser-Gln-Thr-Pro-Leu-Val-Thr-Leu-Phe-Lys-Asn-Ala-Ile-Ile-Lys-Asn-Ala-Tyr-Lys-Lys-Gly-Glu. It is an endogenous opioid peptide neurotransmitter found in the neurons of both the central and peripheral nervous system and results from processing of the precursor protein proopiomelanocortin (POMC).	3.96	13	0
emerimicins Peptaibols: A group of peptides characterized by length of 1-2 dozen residues with a high proportion of them being non-proteinogenic, notably alpha-aminoisobutyric acid (Aib) and isovaline, and have a C-terminal amino alcohol and N terminal alkyl group. They are found in FUNGI and some are ANTI-INFECTIVE AGENTS. They form channels or pores in target organisms. The term is a contraction of peptide-Aib-alcohol.	2.97	4	0
sauvagine sauvagine: isolated from skin of South American hylid frog, Phyllomedusa sauvagei; has hypotensive & antidiuretic effect; potent stimulating action on secretion of ACTH & corticosterone; inhibitory effect on secretion of PRL, GH, & TSH; consists of straight chain of 40 amino acid residues	2.43	2	0
thymosin beta(4) thymosin beta(4): biological active peptide present in thymosin fractions 5 & 5A; participates in the regulation, differentiation & function of thymus-derived lymphocytes & may also act directly or indirectly on macrophages & other cells involved in cell-mediated immunity	2.03	1	0
neuropeptide y Neuropeptide Y: A 36-amino acid peptide present in many organs and in many sympathetic noradrenergic neurons. It has vasoconstrictor and natriuretic activity and regulates local blood flow, glandular secretion, and smooth muscle activity. The peptide also stimulates feeding and drinking behavior and influences secretion of pituitary hormones.	8.48	74	0
conotoxin gv conotoxin GV: NMDA antagonist from Conus geographus	4.61	8	0
peptide phi Peptide PHI: A 27-amino acid peptide with histidine at the N-terminal and isoleucine amide at the C-terminal. The exact amino acid composition of the peptide is species dependent. The peptide is secreted in the intestine, but is found in the nervous system, many organs, and in the majority of peripheral tissues. It has a wide range of biological actions, affecting the cardiovascular, gastrointestinal, respiratory, and central nervous systems.	3.8	3	0
htn1 protein, human HTN1 protein, human: RefSeq NM_002159	2	1	0
echistatin echistatin: 49 amino acid residues given in first source; from the venom of the viper Echis	2	1	0
iberiotoxin [no description available]	3.84	11	0
angiotensinogen Angiotensinogen: An alpha-globulin of about 453 amino acids, depending on the species. It is produced by the liver in response to lowered blood pressure and secreted into blood circulation. Angiotensinogen is the inactive precursor of the ANGIOTENSINS produced in the body by successive enzyme cleavages. Cleavage of angiotensinogen by RENIN yields the decapeptide ANGIOTENSIN I. Further cleavage of angiotensin I (by ANGIOTENSIN CONVERTING ENZYME) yields the potent vasoconstrictor octapeptide ANGIOTENSIN II; and then, via other enzymes, other angiotensins also involved in the hemodynamic-regulating RENIN-ANGIOTENSIN SYSTEM.	2.42	2	0
corticotropin-like intermediate lobe peptide Corticotropin-Like Intermediate Lobe Peptide: A peptide derived from the cleavage of ADRENOCORTICOTROPIC HORMONE, found primarily in the INTERMEDIATE LOBE OF PITUITARY but also in the ARCUATE NUCLEUS of basal HYPOTHALAMUS. Its sequence is identical to the C-terminal 22-amino acids of ACTH or ACTH 18-39.	2.05	1	0
vasoactive intestinal peptide vasoactive intestinal peptide (6-28): vasoactive intestinal peptide fragment	2.06	1	0
ampullosporin ampullosporin: a 15-membered peptaibol-type antibiotic from Sepedonium ampullosporum; structure given in first source	2.05	1	0
astressin astressin : A 30-membered homodetic cyclic peptide comprising the sequence D-Phe-His-Leu-Leu-Arg-Glu-Val-Leu-Glu-Nle-Ala-Arg-Ala-Glu-Gln-Leu-Ala-Gln-Glu-Ala-His-Lys-Asn-Arg-Lys-Leu-Nle-Glu-Ile-Ile-NH2 cyclised by an amide bridge, formed by condensation of the side-chain carboxy group of the Glu residue at position 19 and the side-chain amino group of the Lys residue at position 22.	2.01	1	0	homodetic cyclic peptide; polypeptide	corticotropin-releasing factor receptor antagonist; neuroprotective agent
cortistatin 14 cortistatin: a cortical neuropeptide; shows strong structural similarity to somatostatin; a neuronal depressant; has sleep-modulating activity; amino acid sequence given in first source	2	1	0
glucagon-like peptide 1 (7-36) [no description available]	2.02	1	0
cyn 154806 [no description available]	2.42	2	0
tannins Tannins: Polyphenolic compounds with molecular weights of around 500-3000 daltons and containing enough hydroxyl groups (1-2 per 100 MW) for effective cross linking of other compounds (ASTRINGENTS). The two main types are HYDROLYZABLE TANNINS and CONDENSED TANNINS. Historically, the term has applied to many compounds and plant extracts able to render skin COLLAGEN impervious to degradation. The word tannin derives from the Celtic word for OAK TREE which was used for leather processing.	3.28	6	0
oligonucleotides [no description available]	4.65	27	0
anticodon Anticodon: The sequential set of three nucleotides in TRANSFER RNA that interacts with its complement in MESSENGER RNA, the CODON, during translation in the ribosome.	4.91	11	0
liraglutide [no description available]	2.79	3	0	lipopeptide; polypeptide	glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonist; neuroprotective agent
ziconotide ziconotide: amino acid sequence in first source; from venom of South Pacific sea cone snail, Conus magus; calcium channel blocker; administered by injection into Cerebrospinal Fluid; Prialt is synthetic form. omega-conotoxin MVIIA : A heterodetic cyclic polypeptide consisting of the linear sequence Cys-Lys-Gly-Lys-Gly-Ala-Lys-Cys-Ser-Arg-Leu-Met-Tyr-Asp-Cys-Cys-Thr-Gly-Ser-Cys-Arg-Ser-Gly-Lys-Cys-NH2 with three disulfide bridges between cysteine residues 1-16, 8-20 and 15-25. A neuronal N-type Ca(2+) channel blocker in mammalian and amphibian brain, it blocks release of GABA and glutamate at neuronal synapses. Used as a probe for calcium channel receptors, it is selective for different receptor subtypes. A synthetic form, named ziconotide, is an atypical analgesic agent for the amelioration of severe and chronic pain.	4.41	8	0
glucagon-like peptide 1 Glucagon-Like Peptide 1: A peptide of 36 or 37 amino acids that is derived from PROGLUCAGON and mainly produced by the INTESTINAL L CELLS. GLP-1(1-37 or 1-36) is further N-terminally truncated resulting in GLP-1(7-37) or GLP-1-(7-36) which can be amidated. These GLP-1 peptides are known to enhance glucose-dependent INSULIN release, suppress GLUCAGON release and gastric emptying, lower BLOOD GLUCOSE, and reduce food intake.	7.77	21	0
insulin glulisine insulin glulisine: provides greater beta-cell protective action	2.01	1	0
incretins Incretins: Peptides which stimulate INSULIN release from the PANCREATIC BETA CELLS following oral nutrient ingestion, or postprandially.	3.91	3	0
conantokin-t conantokin-T: from cone snail Conus tulipa; a 21-amino acid peptide which induces sleep-like symptoms in young mice; has N-methyl-D-aspartate antagonist activity; amino acid sequence given in first source	2	1	0
pardaxin pardaxin: acidic protein from flatfish Pardachirus marmoratus; amino aicd sequence known	1.99	1	0
msh, 4-nle-7-phe-alpha- [no description available]	2.13	1	0	polypeptide	dermatologic drug
c-peptide C-Peptide: The middle segment of proinsulin that is between the N-terminal B-chain and the C-terminal A-chain. It is a pancreatic peptide of about 31 residues, depending on the species. Upon proteolytic cleavage of proinsulin, equimolar INSULIN and C-peptide are released. C-peptide immunoassay has been used to assess pancreatic beta cell function in diabetic patients with circulating insulin antibodies or exogenous insulin. Half-life of C-peptide is 30 min, almost 8 times that of insulin.	3.66	9	0
gastrin 17 gastrin-17 : One of the primary forms of gastrin that is a 17-membered peptide consisting of Glp, Gly, Pro, Trp, Leu, Glu, Glu, Glu, Glu, Glu, Ala, Tyr, Gly, Trp, Met, Asp and Phe-NH2 residues joined in sequence.	2.02	1	0	gastrin	antineoplastic agent
natriuretic peptide, c-type Natriuretic Peptide, C-Type: A PEPTIDE of 22 amino acids, derived mainly from cells of VASCULAR ENDOTHELIUM. It is also found in the BRAIN, major endocrine glands, and other tissues. It shares structural homology with ATRIAL NATRIURETIC FACTOR. It has vasorelaxant activity thus is important in the regulation of vascular tone and blood flow. Several high molecular weight forms containing the 22 amino acids have been identified.	2.47	2	0
calcium orange calcium orange: a fluorescent calcium indicator. calcium orange : A xanthene dye-based thiourea conjugate.	2.41	2	0	xanthene dye	fluorochrome
exendin (9-39) exendin (9-39): a peptide from the venom of the lizard Heloderma suspectum; inhibits glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) induced cAMP production; its structure is related to exendin-4	2.7	3	0
ristocetin Ristocetin: An antibiotic mixture of two components, A and B, obtained from Nocardia lurida (or the same substance produced by any other means). It is no longer used clinically because of its toxicity. It causes platelet agglutination and blood coagulation and is used to assay those functions in vitro.. ristocetin : A heterodetic cyclic peptide that is produced by species of Amycolatopsis and Nocardia.	7.66	3	0	glycopeptide; heterodetic cyclic peptide; macrocycle; tetrasaccharide derivative	antibacterial drug; antimicrobial agent; bacterial metabolite; platelet-activating factor receptor agonist
cellulose DEAE-Cellulose: Cellulose derivative used in chromatography, as ion-exchange material, and for various industrial applications.	4.18	16	0	glycoside
endothelin-1 Endothelin-1: A 21-amino acid peptide produced in a variety of tissues including endothelial and vascular smooth-muscle cells, neurons and astrocytes in the central nervous system, and endometrial cells. It acts as a modulator of vasomotor tone, cell proliferation, and hormone production. (N Eng J Med 1995;333(6):356-63)	6.45	23	0
phosphatidylcholines Phosphatidylcholines: Derivatives of PHOSPHATIDIC ACIDS in which the phosphoric acid is bound in ester linkage to a CHOLINE moiety.	5.08	42	0	1,2-diacyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine
znaf-2 ZnAF-2: structure in first source	2.44	2	0
atractyloside Atractyloside: A glycoside of a kaurene type diterpene that is found in some plants including Atractylis gummifera (ATRACTYLIS); COFFEE; XANTHIUM, and CALLILEPIS. Toxicity is due to inhibition of ADENINE NUCLEOTIDE TRANSLOCASE.	4.08	15	0
kn 92 KN 92: KN 93 isomer; a calcium/calmodulin-dependent kinase II inhibitor;	2.73	3	0
oxonol vi oxonol VI: structure given in first source; see also oxonol dyes (isoxazole)	2.37	2	0
amikacin [no description available]	2.21	1	0
4-hydroxy-4-(indol-3-ylmethyl)glutamic acid 4-hydroxy-4-(indol-3-ylmethyl)glutamic acid: structure in first source	4.28	17	0	alpha-amino acid
chlorophyll a Chlorophyll: Porphyrin derivatives containing magnesium that act to convert light energy in photosynthetic organisms.. chlorophyll : A family of magnesium porphyrins, defined by the presence of a fifth ring beyond the four pyrrole-like rings. The rings can have various side chains which usually include a long phytol chain.	4.66	27	0	chlorophyll; methyl ester	cofactor
carbetocin carbetocin : Oxytocin in which the hydrogen on the phenolic hydroxy group is substituted by methyl, the amino group on the cysteine residue is substituted by hydrogen, and the sulfur of the cysteine residue is replaced by a methylene group. A synthetic carba-analogue of oxytocin, it is used to control bleeding after giving birth. Like oxytocin, it causes contraction of the uterus.	2.11	1	0	heterodetic cyclic peptide	oxytocic
phenylmercuric acetate Phenylmercuric Acetate: A phenyl mercury compound used mainly as a fungicide. Has also been used as a herbicide, slimicide, and bacteriocide.	2	1	0	arylmercury compound; benzenes
4-aminophenylmercuriacetate 4-aminophenylmercuriacetate: covalently linked to agarose for purification of FAD & COA with chromatography	2	1	0
vendex Torque: The rotational force about an axis that is equal to the product of a force times the distance from the axis where the force is applied.	2.41	2	0	organotin acaricide
aluminum lactate aluminum lactate: RN given refers to compound with unknown number of aluminum atoms	2	1	0	aluminium coordination entity; lactate salt
thimerosal Thimerosal: An ethylmercury-sulfidobenzoate that has been used as a preservative in VACCINES; ANTIVENINS; and OINTMENTS. It was formerly used as a topical antiseptic. It degrades to ethylmercury and thiosalicylate.. thimerosal : An alkylmercury compound (approximately 49% mercury by weight) used as an antiseptic and antifungal agent.	2.94	4	0	alkylmercury compound	antifungal drug; antiseptic drug; disinfectant; drug allergen
cryolite cryolite: structure. cryolite : A mineral originally discovered in Greenland (first described 1799). The name is derived from the Greek kapparhoupsilonomicronsigma (frost) and lambdaiotathetaomicronsigma (stone).	1.98	1	0	inorganic sodium salt; perfluorometallate salt
nepheline nepheline: sodium aluminum silicate	6.97	1	0
4-ethyl-7-fluoro-3,4-dihydro-2h-1,2,4-benzothiadiazine 1,1-dioxide 4-ethyl-7-fluoro-3,4-dihydro-2H-1,2,4-benzothiadiazine 1,1-dioxide: an AMPA modulator; structure in first source	2.13	1	0
ro 10-5824 RO 10-5824: structure in first source	2.1	1	0
nocistatin nocistatin: a peptide that blocks nociceptin action in pain transmission; amino acid sequence in first source	4.02	4	0
adenosine kinase Adenosine Kinase: An enzyme that catalyzes the formation of ADP plus AMP from adenosine plus ATP. It can serve as a salvage mechanism for returning adenosine to nucleic acids. EC 2.7.1.20.	2.4	2	0
hoe 33342 bisbenzimide ethoxide trihydrochloride: benzimidazole fluorescent dye	3.41	7	0
sodium salicylate [no description available]	3.29	6	0	organic molecular entity
sphingosine kinase [no description available]	2.72	3	0
ubiquinone Ubiquinone: A lipid-soluble benzoquinone which is involved in ELECTRON TRANSPORT in mitochondrial preparations. The compound occurs in the majority of aerobic organisms, from bacteria to higher plants and animals.	6.97	37	0
astacin astacin: a zinc-endopeptidase from the crayfish Astacus astacus & Hydra vulgaris; releases nitroaniline from succinyl-alanyl-alanyl-alanyl-4-nitroanilide (Suc-Ala-Ala-Ala-pNA); acts on peptides containing 5 or more amino acids, preferably with ALA in P1' and Pro in P2'. astacene : A carotenone that consists of beta,beta-carotene bearing four oxo substituents at positions 2, 2', 4 and 4'.	2.71	3	0	carotenone
sulbutiamine sulbutiamine: a glutamatergic, dopaminergic, and neurotropic agent which in animals improved learning ability & resistance to fatigue; structure in first source	2	1	0
calpain Calpain: Cysteine proteinase found in many tissues. Hydrolyzes a variety of endogenous proteins including NEUROPEPTIDES; CYTOSKELETAL PROTEINS; proteins from SMOOTH MUSCLE; CARDIAC MUSCLE; liver; platelets; and erythrocytes. Two subclasses having high and low calcium sensitivity are known. Removes Z-discs and M-lines from myofibrils. Activates phosphorylase kinase and cyclic nucleotide-independent protein kinase. This enzyme was formerly listed as EC 3.4.22.4.	13.28	113	0
sodium cyanoborohydride sodium cyanoborohydride: reagent for preparing biologically active nitroxides	2.05	1	0
lucifer yellow lucifer yellow: RN given refers to di-Li salt	4.39	21	0	organic lithium salt	fluorochrome
succinyladenosine succinyladenosine: found in body fluids of children with severe psychomotor delay & autism; RN given refers to (L)-isomer. succinyladenosine : An aspartic acid derivative that is L-aspartic acid in which one of the amine hydrogens is substituted by a 9-beta-D-ribofuranosyl-9H-purin-6-yl group.	1.99	1	0	adenosines; amino dicarboxylic acid; L-aspartic acid derivative	metabolite
aflatrem aflatrem: tremorgenic toxin isolated from Aspergillus flavus; structure	1.96	1	0	organic heterotricyclic compound; organooxygen compound
sapogenins Sapogenins: The aglucon moiety of a saponin molecule. It may be triterpenoid or steroid, usually spirostan, in nature.	2.78	3	0
ginsenoside rg2 ginsenoside Rg2: structure in first source; RN given refers to (6-deoxy-alpha-L-mannopyranosyl)-isomer. ginsenoside Rg2 : A ginsenoside found in Panax species that is dammarane which is substituted by hydroxy groups at the 3beta, 6alpha, 12beta and 20 pro-S positions, in which the hydroxy group at position 6 has been converted to the corresponding alpha-L-rhamnopyranosyl-(1->2)-beta-D-glucopyranoside, and in which a double bond has been introduced at the 24-25 position.	2.03	1	0	12beta-hydroxy steroid; 20-hydroxy steroid; 3beta-hydroxy-4,4-dimethylsteroid; 3beta-hydroxy steroid; beta-D-glucoside; disaccharide derivative; ginsenoside; tetracyclic triterpenoid	anticoagulant; cardioprotective agent; plant metabolite
pseudoginsenoside f11 pseudoginsenoside F11: isolated from Panax quinquefolium L.	2.03	1	0
chitosan [no description available]	6.61	45	1
2-(2'-carboxy-3'-phenylcyclopropyl)glycine 2-(2'-carboxy-3'-phenylcyclopropyl)glycine: structure in first source	2.69	3	0
1,2-bis(2-amino-5,6-difluorophenoxy)ethane-n,n,n',n'-tetraacetic acid 1,2-bis(2-amino-5,6-difluorophenoxy)ethane-N,N,N',N'-tetraacetic acid: structure given in first source	1.98	1	0
chitohexaose [no description available]	2.01	1	0
nnc 55-0396 NNC 55-0396: a calcium channel blocker with high selectivity for CaV3 channels over high voltage activated channels; structure in first source. NNC 55-0396 dihydrochloride : The dihydrochloride salt of NNC 55-0396. It is a stable analogue of mibefradil and a highly selective T-type calcium channel blocker.	2.06	1	0	hydrochloride	angiogenesis inhibitor; antineoplastic agent; apoptosis inducer; neuroprotective agent; potassium channel blocker; T-type calcium channel blocker
quinidine bisulfate [no description available]	1.98	1	0
pf-04859989 PF-04859989: a potent, brain-penetrant inhibitor of kynurenine aminotransferase II/KAT II with in vivo activity; structure in first source	2.1	1	0
9-(tetrahydro-2-furyl)-adenine [no description available]	2.41	2	0
bis(1,3-diethylthiobarbiturate)trimethineoxonol bis(1,3-diethylthiobarbiturate)trimethineoxonol: fluorescent probe for membrane potentials	2.01	1	0
enzacamene enzacamene: structure in first source; 4-MBC for short;	2.05	1	0
15-deoxyprostaglandin j2 15-deoxyprostaglandin J2: 15d-PGJ2 abbreviation is also used for 15-deoxy-delta(12,14)PGJ2	2.04	1	0
n(6)-(1-carboxyethyl)lysine N(6)-(1-carboxyethyl)lysine: from Streptococcus lactis; RN given is for the L isomer. N(6)-(1-carboxyethyl)-L-lysine : A L-lysine derivative formed during the reaction between methylglyoxal and protein. CEL is a homologue of N(epsilon)-(carboxymethyl)lysine (CML), an advanced glycation end-product that is formed on reaction of glyoxal or glycolaldehyde with protein and on oxidative cleavage of fructoselysine, the Amadori adduct formed on glycation of protein by glucose.	2.13	1	0	L-lysine derivative; non-proteinogenic L-alpha-amino acid
s-nitro-n-acetylpenicillamine S-nitro-N-acetylpenicillamine: a NO donor	3.96	13	0
butaclamol Butaclamol: A benzocycloheptapyridoisoquinolinol that has been used as an antipsychotic, especially in schizophrenia.	1.96	1	0
mesna Mesna: A sulfhydryl compound used to prevent urothelial toxicity by inactivating metabolites from ANTINEOPLASTIC AGENTS, such as IFOSFAMIDE or CYCLOPHOSPHAMIDE.	2.05	1	0	organosulfonic acid
sodium oxybate Sodium Oxybate: The sodium salt of 4-hydroxybutyric acid. It is used for both induction and maintenance of ANESTHESIA.	6.19	10	1
bucladesine Bucladesine: A cyclic nucleotide derivative that mimics the action of endogenous CYCLIC AMP and is capable of permeating the cell membrane. It has vasodilator properties and is used as a cardiac stimulant. (From Merck Index, 11th ed). bucladesine : A 3',5'-cyclic purine nucleotide that is the 2'-butanoate ester and 6-N-butanoyl derivative of 3',5'-cyclic AMP.	6.23	45	0	3',5'-cyclic purine nucleotide
cerivastatin sodium cerivastatin sodium : The sodium salt of cerivastatin. Formerly used to lower cholesterol and prevent cardiovascular disease, it was withdrawn from the market worldwide in 2001 following reports of a severe form of muscle toxicity.	2.05	1	0	organic sodium salt; statin (synthetic)
sodium hypochlorite Sodium Hypochlorite: It is used as an oxidizing and bleaching agent and as a disinfectant. (From Grant & Hackh's Chemical Dictionary, 5th ed). sodium hypochlorite : An inorganic sodium salt in which hypochlorite is the counterion. It is used as a bleaching and disinfecting agent and is commonly found in household bleach.	7.59	16	3	inorganic sodium salt	bleaching agent; disinfectant
taurocholic acid, monosodium salt [no description available]	2	1	0	bile salt
sodium lactate Sodium Lactate: The sodium salt of racemic or inactive lactic acid. It is a hygroscopic agent used intravenously as a systemic and urinary alkalizer.. sodium lactate : An organic sodium salt having lactate as the counterion.	2.08	1	0	lactate salt; organic sodium salt	food acidity regulator; food preservative
monensin [no description available]	2.05	1	0
oxacillin sodium [no description available]	2.05	1	0	organic sodium salt
sodium nitrite Sodium Nitrite: Nitrous acid sodium salt. Used in many industrial processes, in meat curing, coloring, and preserving, and as a reagent in ANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY TECHNIQUES. It is used therapeutically as an antidote in cyanide poisoning. The compound is toxic and mutagenic and will react in vivo with secondary or tertiary amines thereby producing highly carcinogenic nitrosamines.. sodium nitrite : An inorganic sodium salt having nitrite as the counterion. Used as a food preservative and antidote to cyanide poisoning.	3.11	5	0	inorganic sodium salt; nitrite salt	antidote to cyanide poisoning; antihypertensive agent; antimicrobial food preservative; food antioxidant; poison
sarkosyl sarkosyl: RN given is for sarkosyl L, the parent cpd; structure	1.97	1	0
lactisole lactisole: structure in first source	2.06	1	0
sodium diatrizoate histopaque: used for separating mononuclear & other cells. sodium amidotrizoate : The sodium salt of a benzoic acid having iodo substituents at the 2-, 4- and 6-positions and acetamido substituents at the 3- and 5-positions. It is used, often as a mixture with the meglumine salt, as an X-ray contrast medium in gastrointestinal studies, angiography, and urography.	2.05	1	0	organic sodium salt; organoiodine compound	radioopaque medium
stearates Stearates: Salts and esters of the 18-carbon saturated, monocarboxylic acid--stearic acid.	2.42	2	0
sodium glutamate Sodium Glutamate: One of the FLAVORING AGENTS used to impart a meat-like flavor.. monosodium glutamate : An organic sodium salt that is the monosodium salt of glutamic acid.	13.89	118	4	monosodium glutamate	flavouring agent
ru 28318 [no description available]	2.05	1	0
ro13-9904 Ceftriaxone: A broad-spectrum cephalosporin antibiotic and cefotaxime derivative with a very long half-life and high penetrability to meninges, eyes and inner ears.. ceftriaxone : A third-generation cephalosporin compound having 2-(2-amino-1,3-thiazol-4-yl)-2-(methoxyimino)acetylamino and [(2-methyl-5,6-dioxo-1,2,5,6-tetrahydro-1,2,4-triazin-3-yl)sulfanyl]methyl side-groups.	9.18	68	0
(2-sulfonatoethyl)methanethiosulfonate (2-sulfonatoethyl)methanethiosulfonate: RN given for Na salt	2.93	4	0
sodium pertechnetate tc 99m Sodium Pertechnetate Tc 99m: A gamma-emitting radionuclide imaging agent used for the diagnosis of diseases in many tissues, particularly in the gastrointestinal system, cardiovascular and cerebral circulation, brain, thyroid, and joints.	1.96	1	0
mersalyl Mersalyl: A toxic thiol mercury salt formerly used as a diuretic. It inhibits various biochemical functions, especially in mitochondria, and is used to study those functions.	3.08	5	0
chiniofon Hydroxyquinolines: The 8-hydroxy derivatives inhibit various enzymes and their halogenated derivatives, though neurotoxic, are used as topical anti-infective agents, among other uses.	2.4	2	0
nk 2761 NK 2761: merocyanine-rhodanine dye	1.99	1	0
arginine Teniposide: A semisynthetic derivative of PODOPHYLLOTOXIN that exhibits antitumor activity. Teniposide inhibits DNA synthesis by forming a complex with topoisomerase II and DNA. This complex induces breaks in double stranded DNA and prevents repair by topoisomerase II binding. Accumulated breaks in DNA prevent cells from entering into the mitotic phase of the cell cycle, and lead to cell death. Teniposide acts primarily in the G2 and S phases of the cycle.. teniposide : A furonaphthodioxole that is a synthetic derivative of podophyllotoxin with anti-tumour activity; causes single- and double-stranded breaks in DNA and DNA-protein cross-links and prevents repair by topoisomerase II binding.	2	1	0
almorexant almorexant: a dual orexin receptor antagonist for treatment of insomnia	2.54	2	0	isoquinolines
hygromycin b [no description available]	2.02	1	0
picrotoxinin picrotoxinin: toxic component of PICROTOXIN; structure; noncompetitive antagonist of ionotropic GABA-A receptors. picrotoxinin : A picrotoxane sesquiterpenoid that is 3a,4,5,6,7,7a-hexahydro-1H-indene-3,7-dicarboxylic acid which is substituted at positions 3a, 6, and 7a by methyl, isopropenyl, and hydroxy groups, respectively; in which the double bond at position 2-3 has been epoxidised; and in which the carboxy groups at positions 3 and 7 have undergone gamma-lactone formation by O-alkylation to positions 4 and 5, respectively. A component of picrotoxin.	3.29	6	0
neolamellarin a neolamellarin A: from the sponge Dendrilla nigra; structure in first source	2.41	1	0
srt1460 SRT1460: small molecule activator of SIRT1 as therapeutics for the treatment of type 2 diabetes; structure in first source	2.08	1	0
plx 4720 PLX 4720: a B-Raf(V600E) kinase inhibitor; structure in first source	2.06	1	0	aromatic ketone; difluorobenzene; organochlorine compound; pyrrolopyridine; sulfonamide	antineoplastic agent; B-Raf inhibitor
methyl jasmonate [no description available]	2.03	1	0
phosphatidylinositol 4-phosphate phosphatidylinositol 4-phosphate : A phosphatidylinositol monophosphate carrying the phosphate group at the 4-position.	2.01	1	0
s-adenosylmethionine (R)-S-adenosyl-L-methionine : An S-adenosyl-L-methionine that has R-configuration.. S-adenosyl-L-methionine zwitterion : A zwitterionic tautomer of S-adenosyl-L-methionine arising from shift of the proton from the carboxy group to the amino group.. (R)-S-adenosyl-L-methionine zwitterion : An S-adenosyl-L-methionine zwitterion that has R-configuration; major species at pH 7.3.. (S)-S-adenosyl-L-methionine zwitterion : An S-adenosyl-L-methionine zwitterion that has S-configuration; major species at pH 7.3.. S-adenosyl-L-methionine : A sulfonium compound that is the S-adenosyl derivative of L-methionine. It is an intermediate in the metabolic pathway of methionine.	3.72	10	0	organic cation; sulfonium compound	coenzyme; cofactor; human metabolite; micronutrient; Mycoplasma genitalium metabolite; nutraceutical; Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite
uridine diphosphate n-acetylmuramic acid Uridine Diphosphate N-Acetylmuramic Acid: A nucleoside diphosphate sugar which is formed from UDP-N-acetylglucosamine and phosphoenolpyruvate. It serves as the building block upon which peptidoglycan is formed.. UDP-N-acetyl-alpha-D-muramate(3-) : A UDP-N-acetyl-D-muramate(3-) in which the anomeric centre of the pyranose fragment has alpha-configuration.	4.36	6	0	UDP-N-acetylmuramate(3-)
phosphatidylcholines 1-stearoyl-2-oleoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine: RN given refers to (Z)-isomer. 1-stearoyl-2-oleoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine : A phosphatidylcholine 36:1 in which the phosphatidyl acyl groups at positions 1 and 2 are stearoyl and oleoyl respectively.	2.31	1	0	1-acyl-2-oleoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine betaine; 1-octadecanoyl-2-octadecenoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine
picrotoxin Picrotoxin: A noncompetitive antagonist at GABA-A receptors and thus a convulsant. Picrotoxin blocks the GAMMA-AMINOBUTYRIC ACID-activated chloride ionophore. Although it is most often used as a research tool, it has been used as a CNS stimulant and an antidote in poisoning by CNS depressants, especially the barbiturates.. picrotoxin : A mixture consisting of equimolar amounts of picrotoxinin and picrotin found in the climbing plant Anamirta cocculus.	7.25	151	0
incednine incednine: modulates Bcl-xL; structure in first source	2.07	1	0
canagliflozin canagliflozin hydrate : A hydrate that is the hemihydrate form of canagliflozin. Used for treatment of type II diabetes via inhibition of sodium-glucose transport protein subtype 2.	2.63	2	0	C-glycosyl compound; organofluorine compound; thiophenes	hypoglycemic agent; sodium-glucose transport protein subtype 2 inhibitor
2',3'-o-(2,4,6-trinitrophenyl)adenosine 5'-triphosphate 2',3'-O-(2,4,6-trinitrophenyl)adenosine 5'-triphosphate: analog of ATP; do not confuse with TNP-ATP record	3.64	9	0	C-nitro compound; spiroketal	antagonist
arabinogalactan [no description available]	2.42	2	0
intrinsic factor Intrinsic Factor: A glycoprotein secreted by the cells of the GASTRIC GLANDS that is required for the absorption of VITAMIN B 12 (cyanocobalamin). Deficiency of intrinsic factor leads to VITAMIN B 12 DEFICIENCY and ANEMIA, PERNICIOUS.	7.64	3	0
1229u91 1229U91: a selective neuropeptide Y-Y1 receptor antagonist; structure given in first source	2.02	1	0
albiflorin albiflorin: glucoside in peony roots. albiflorin : A monoterpene glycoside with formula C23H28O11, originally isolated from the roots of Paeonia lactiflora.	2.08	1	0	benzoate ester; beta-D-glucoside; bridged compound; gamma-lactone; monoterpene glycoside; secondary alcohol	neuroprotective agent; plant metabolite
quizartinib [no description available]	2.17	1	0	benzoimidazothiazole; isoxazoles; morpholines; phenylureas	antineoplastic agent; EC 2.7.10.1 (receptor protein-tyrosine kinase) inhibitor; necroptosis inhibitor
rg 1678 (4-(3-fluoro-5-trifluoromethylpyridin-2-yl)piperazin-1-yl)(5-methanesulfonyl-2-(2,2,2-trifluoro-1-methylethoxy)phenyl)methanone: a GlyT1 inhibitor; structure in first source	2.1	1	0
mk 2206 MK 2206: a protein kinase inhibitor and antineoplastic agent	2.07	1	0	organic heterotricyclic compound	EC 2.7.1.137 (phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase) inhibitor
vu0357017 [no description available]	2.6	1	0
egg white Egg White: The white of an egg, especially a chicken's egg, used in cooking. It contains albumin. (Random House Unabridged Dictionary, 2d ed)	3.12	5	0
n-(adamantan-1-yl)-4-oxo-1-pentyl-6-phenyl-1,4-dihydroquinoline-3-carboxamide N-(adamantan-1-yl)-4-oxo-1-pentyl-6-phenyl-1,4-dihydroquinoline-3-carboxamide: structure in first source	2.07	1	0
quetiapine fumarate Quetiapine Fumarate: A dibenzothiazepine and ANTIPSYCHOTIC AGENT that targets the SEROTONIN 5-HT2 RECEPTOR; HISTAMINE H1 RECEPTOR, adrenergic alpha1 and alpha2 receptors, as well as the DOPAMINE D1 RECEPTOR and DOPAMINE D2 RECEPTOR. It is used in the treatment of SCHIZOPHRENIA; BIPOLAR DISORDER and DEPRESSIVE DISORDER.	3.87	3	0	fumarate salt
cardiovascular agents Cardiovascular Agents: Agents that affect the rate or intensity of cardiac contraction, blood vessel diameter, or blood volume.	2.95	4	0
cetrorelix cetrorelix: LHRH antagonist. cetrorelix : A synthetic ten-membered oligopeptide comprising N-acetyl-3-(naphthalen-2-yl)-D-alanyl, 4-chloro-D-phenylalanyl, 3-(pyridin-3-yl)-D-alanyl, L-seryl, L-tyrosyl, N(5)-carbamoyl-D-ornithyl, L-leucyl, L-arginyl, L-prolyl, and D-alaninamide residues coupled in sequence. A gonadotrophin-releasing hormone (GnRH) antagonist, it is used for treatment of infertility and of hormone-sensitive cancers of the prostate and breast.	2.04	1	0	oligopeptide	antineoplastic agent; GnRH antagonist
rimorphin rimorphin: tridecapeptide NH2-Tyr-Gly-Gly-Phe-Leu-Arg-Arg-Gln-Phe-Lys-Val-Val-Thr-COOH from bovine posterior pituitary gland; major leucine enkephalin containing peptide in tissue that contains dynorphin & alpha-neo-endorphin	3.24	6	0
dynorphins dynorphin (1-13): potent opioid peptide; see also record for dynorphin & D-Ala(2)-dynorphin (1-11)	2.03	1	0
neurotensin neurotensin, Tyr(11)-: RN given refers to parent cpd & (D)-isomer; RN for cpd without isomeric designation not avail 5/91	11.75	32	0	peptide hormone	human metabolite; mitogen; neurotransmitter; vulnerary
nonaarginine [no description available]	2.1	1	0
fibrinopeptide a Fibrinopeptide A: Two small peptide chains removed from the N-terminal segment of the alpha chains of fibrinogen by the action of thrombin during the blood coagulation process. Each peptide chain contains 18 amino acid residues. In vivo, fibrinopeptide A is used as a marker to determine the rate of conversion of fibrinogen to fibrin by thrombin.	2.69	3	0
substance p, prolyl(2)-tryptophan(7,9)- substance P, prolyl(2)-tryptophan(7,9)-: substance P antagonist	1.97	1	0
bombesin, leu(13)-psi-ch2nh-leu(14)- bombesin, Leu(13)-psi-CH2NH-Leu(14)-: bombesin antagonist	1.98	1	0
substance p, arg(1)-pro(2)-trp(7),(9)-leunh(2)(11)- substance P, Arg(1)-Pro(2)-Trp(7),(9)-LeuNH(2)(11)-: MH SUBSTANCE P contains L-Arg(1), L-Pro(2); substance P antagonist	2.37	2	0
n-(4-cyanophenylmethyl)-4-(2-diphenyl)-1-piperazinehexanamide N-(4-cyanophenylmethyl)-4-(2-diphenyl)-1-piperazinehexanamide: a 5-HT(7) receptor agonist	2.15	1	0
mannans [no description available]	2.71	3	0
nitrogenase Nitrogenase: An enzyme system that catalyzes the fixing of nitrogen in soil bacteria and blue-green algae (CYANOBACTERIA). EC 1.18.6.1.	4.08	15	0
guanidinosuccinic acid guanidinosuccinic acid: a metabolite in uremia; metabolic product of amino acid metabolism; RN given refers to (L)-isomer. N-amidino-L-aspartate(1-) : Conjugate base of N-amidino-L-aspartate arising from deprotonation of the carboxy groups and protonation of the guanidino group; major species at pH 7.3.	1.98	1	0	L-alpha-amino acid anion
6-diazo-5-oxonorleucine 6-diazo-5-oxonorleucine: inhibits glutamyl-tRNA amidotransferase; has antimalarial activity	1.97	1	0
ucph 101 2-amino-4-(4-methoxyphenyl)-7-(naphthalen-1-yl)-5-oxo-5,6,7,8-tetrahydro-4H-chromene-3-carbonitrile: structure in first source	2.8	3	0
to-pro-3 TO-PRO-3: a cyanine nucleic acid dye; a membrane-impermeant modification of the dye thiazole orange; excited by a 647-nm laser beam and fluoresces in the far red of the spectrum. To-Pro-3 : An unsymmetrical C3 cyanine dye having benzothiazolium-2-yl and quinolinium-4-yl substituents.	2.07	1	0	cyanine dye; organic iodide salt	fluorochrome
phosphinothricin phosphinothricin: RN given refers to parent cpd with unspecified isomeric designation; structure. phosphinothricin(1-) : Conjugate base of phosphinothricin arising from deprotonation of the phosphinate function.	3.74	10	0	organic anion
8-iso-prostaglandin a2 8-isoprostaglandin A2: a cyclopentenone isoprostane	2.03	1	0	prostanoid
11,12-epoxy-5,8,14-eicosatrienoic acid 11,12-epoxy-5,8,14-eicosatrienoic acid: RN given refers to cpd without isomeric designation. (11S,12R)-EET : An 11,12-EET in which the epoxy moiety has 11S,12R-configuration.. 11,12-EET : An EET obtained by formal epoxidation of the 11,12-double bond of arachidonic acid.	2.15	1	0	11,12-EET	human xenobiotic metabolite
peptones Peptones: Derived proteins or mixtures of cleavage products produced by the partial hydrolysis of a native protein either by an acid or by an enzyme. Peptones are readily soluble in water, and are not precipitable by heat, by alkalis, or by saturation with ammonium sulfate. (Dorland, 28th ed)	3.25	6	0
plx4032 [no description available]	7.3	12	1	aromatic ketone; difluorobenzene; monochlorobenzenes; pyrrolopyridine; sulfonamide	antineoplastic agent; B-Raf inhibitor
khg21834 KHG21834: has protective effect on amyloid beta-induced neurotoxicity in PC12 cells, cortical and mesencephalic neurons; structure in first source	2.21	1	0
triiodothyronine, reverse Triiodothyronine, Reverse: A metabolite of THYROXINE, formed by the peripheral enzymatic monodeiodination of T4 at the 5 position of the inner ring of the iodothyronine nucleus.. 3,3',5'-triiodo-L-thyronine zwitterion : Zwitterionic form of 3,3',5'-triiodo-L-thyronine.	1.99	1	0	3,3',5'-triiodothyronine; amino acid zwitterion
cytochromes c1 Cytochromes c1: The 30-kDa membrane-bound c-type cytochrome protein of mitochondria that functions as an electron donor to CYTOCHROME C GROUP in the mitochondrial and bacterial RESPIRATORY CHAIN. (From Enzyme Nomenclature, 1992, p545)	2.39	2	0
ganglioside, gd1a [no description available]	1.99	1	0
glycolipids [no description available]	6.23	10	1
m&b 28,767 11-deoxy-16-phenoxy-17,18,19,20-tetranorprostaglandin E1: an EP3 agonist; RN refers to (1R-(1alpha,2beta(1E,3R*)))-isomer	1.98	1	0
piperidines Piperidines: A family of hexahydropyridines.	12.35	291	1
resolvin d1 resolvin D1: an anti-inflammatory lipid mediator; structure in first source. resolvin D1 : A resolvin that is docosa-4Z,9E,11E,13Z,15E,19Z-hexaenoic acid which is substituted by hydroxy groups at the 7, 8, and 17 positions (the 7S,8R,17S-stereoisomer).	2.1	1	0	hydroxy polyunsaturated fatty acid; resolvin; triol	anti-inflammatory agent
cyanidin 3-galactoside cyanidin 3-galactoside: structure in first source	2.06	1	0
bryostatin 1 bryostatin 1: a protein kinase C activator; macrocyclic lactone from marine Bryozoan Bugula neritina; RN given refers to (1S-(1R,3R,5Z,7S,8E,11R,12R(2E,4E),13E,15R,17S(S),21S,23S,25R))-isomer; structure given in first source; activates protein kinase c. bryostatin 1 : A member of the class of bryostatins that is (17E)-2-oxooxacyclohexacos-17-ene which is substituted by hydroxy groups at positions 4, 10, and 20; an acetoxy group at position 8; methyl groups at positions 9, 9, 18, and 19; 2-methoxy-2-oxoethylidene groups at positions 14 and 24; an (E,E)-octa-2,4-dienoyloxy group at position 21; and with oxygen bridges linking positions 6 to 10, 12 to 16, and 20 to 24. It is one of the most abundant member of the class of bryostatins.	1.99	1	0
endothelins [no description available]	2.08	1	0
thymosin Thymosin: Thymosin. A family of heat-stable, polypeptide hormones secreted by the thymus gland. Their biological activities include lymphocytopoiesis, restoration of immunological competence and enhancement of expression of T-cell characteristics and function. They have therapeutic potential in patients having primary or secondary immunodeficiency diseases, cancer or diseases related to aging.	7.91	4	0
interleukin-8 Interleukin-8: A member of the CXC chemokine family that plays a role in the regulation of the acute inflammatory response. It is secreted by variety of cell types and induces CHEMOTAXIS of NEUTROPHILS and other inflammatory cells.	3.75	10	0
vpc32183 VPC32183: lysophosphatidic acid (LPA) receptor antagonist	2.05	1	0
5-(delta-carboxybutyl)homocysteine 5-(delta-carboxybutyl)homocysteine: dual substrate analog of homocysteine S-methyltransferase; structure given in first source	2.02	1	0
cort 108297 CORT 108297: a fused-ring azadecalin	2.08	1	0
dabrafenib [no description available]	3.04	4	0	1,3-thiazoles; aminopyrimidine; organofluorine compound; sulfonamide	anticoronaviral agent; antineoplastic agent; B-Raf inhibitor
corynoxeine corynoxeine: active principles of Uncariae Ramulus et Uncus; structure given in first source for ((7beta,16E,20alpha)-isomer) and ((16E,20alpha)-isomer); RN given refers to ((7beta,16E,20alpha)-isomer)	2.11	1	0
punicalagin punicalagin: hepatoprotective agent isolated from Terminalia catappa; structure in first source	2.58	2	0	tannin
2-[5-[(3,4-dichlorophenyl)methylthio]-4-(2-furanylmethyl)-1,2,4-triazol-3-yl]pyridine [no description available]	3.27	1	0	triazoles
ur-144 (1-pentyl-1H-indol-3-yl)(2,2,3,3-tetramethylcyclopropyl)methanone: structure in first source	3.27	1	0
tropodithietic acid tropodithietic acid: structure in first source. tropodithietic acid : A monocarboxylic acid that is 8,9-dithiabicyclo[5.2.0]nona-1,3,6-triene substituted by a carboxy group at position 2 and an oxo group at position 3. It is a broad spectrum antibiotic produced by the marine bacterium Phaeobacter inhibens that also acts as a signalling molecule at lower concentrations.	2.13	1	0	cyclic ketone; monocarboxylic acid; organic disulfide; organic heterobicyclic compound; organosulfur heterocyclic compound	antibacterial agent; bacterial metabolite; marine metabolite; signalling molecule; toxin
4-coumaroyl-coenzyme a 4-hydroxycinnamoyl-CoA: thioester substrate of medium chain acyl-CoA dehydrogenase; structure in first source. 4-coumaroyl-CoA(4-) : Tetraanion of 4-coumaroyl-CoA arising from deprotonation of phosphate and diphosphate functions.. trans-4-coumaroyl-CoA(4-) : An acyl-CoA(4-) oxoanion arising from deprotonation of the phosphate and diphosphate OH groups of trans-4-coumaroyl-CoA; major species at pH 7.3.	2	1	0	4-coumaroyl-CoA(4-); acyl-CoA(4-)
mephedrone mephedrone: a beta-keto (bk) designer drug; Central Nervous System Stimulants. mephedrone : An aromatic ketone that is propiophenone substituted at C-4 and at C-beta with methyl and methylamino groups respectively. It is a synthetic stimulant and entactogen drug of the amphetamine and cathinone classes.	2.17	1	0	amphetamines; aromatic ketone; secondary amino compound	environmental contaminant; xenobiotic
colistin Colistin: Cyclic polypeptide antibiotic from Bacillus colistinus. It is composed of Polymyxins E1 and E2 (or Colistins A, B, and C) which act as detergents on cell membranes. Colistin is less toxic than Polymyxin B, but otherwise similar; the methanesulfonate is used orally.. colistin : A multi-component mixture comprising mostly of colistin A (R = Me) and B (R = H), with small amounts of colistin C and other polymyxins, produced by certain strains of Bacillus polymyxa var. colistinus. An antibiotic, it is used as its sulfate salt (for oral or topical use) or as the sodium salt of the N-methylsulfonic acid derivative (the injectable form) in the treatment of severe Gram-negative infections, partiularly those due to Pseudomonas aeruginosa.	2.38	2	0
hydroxocobalamin Hydroxocobalamin: Injectable form of VITAMIN B 12 that has been used therapeutically to treat VITAMIN B 12 DEFICIENCY.	2.05	1	0
p(1),p(5)-di(adenosine-5'-)pentaphosphate P(1),P(5)-di(adenosine-5'-)pentaphosphate: structure. P(1),P(5)-bis(5'-adenosyl) pentaphosphate(5-) : An organophosphate oxoanion arising from global deprotonation of the pentaphosphate OH groups of P(1),P(5)-bis(5'-adenosyl) pentaphosphate.	2.01	1	0	organophosphate oxoanion
exenatide Exenatide: A synthetic form of exendin-4, a 39-amino acid peptide isolated from the venom of the Gila monster lizard (Heloderma suspectum). Exenatide increases CYCLIC AMP levels in pancreatic acinar cells and acts as a GLUCAGON-LIKE PEPTIDE-1 RECEPTOR (GLP-1) agonist and incretin mimetic, enhancing insulin secretion in response to increased glucose levels; it also suppresses inappropriate glucagon secretion and slows gastric emptying. It is used an anti-diabetic and anti-obesity agent.	4.7	10	0
kavain kavain: RN given refers to cpd without isomeric designation; see also kavaform; structure	2.91	4	0	2-pyranones; aromatic ether
succinyl phosphonate succinyl phosphonate: structure in first source	2.13	1	0
kalata b1 kalata B1: a 29-residue cyclotide which has a cystine knot structure and beta-sheet; causes uterine contraction; the principal active component from Oldenlandia affinis; amino acid sequence given in first source	2.06	1	0
jzl195 JZL195: inhibits both fatty-acid amide hydrolase 1 and monoglyceride lipase; structure in first source	2.11	1	0
lrrk2-in1 LRRK2-IN1: inhibits leucine-rich repeat kinase 2; structure in first source	2.21	1	0	aromatic amine; aromatic ether; N-acylpiperidine; N-alkylpiperazine; pyrimidobenzodiazepine; secondary amino compound; tertiary amino compound	antineoplastic agent; EC 2.7.11.1 (non-specific serine/threonine protein kinase) inhibitor
staphyloferrin b staphyloferrin B: structure given in first source; isolated from Staphylococcus hyicus. staphyloferrin B : A siderophore composed from L-2,3-diaminopropionic acid, citric acid, 1,2-diaminoethane and alpha-ketoglutaric acid units.	2.1	1	0	oxo carboxylic acid; tertiary alcohol; tricarboxylic acid amide; tricarboxylic acid	bacterial metabolite; siderophore
nicotinate mononucleotide nicotinate D-ribonucleotide(2-) : Dianion of nicotinic acid D-ribonucleotide arising from deprotonation of carboxylic acid and phosphate functions.	2.1	1	0	organophosphate oxoanion	human metabolite; Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite
mannosylglycerate 2-(alpha-D-mannosyl)-D-glycerate : Conjugate base of 2-(alpha-D-mannosyl)-D-glyceric acid	2.03	1	0	carbohydrate acid anion
methylmalonyl-coenzyme a [no description available]	2.44	2	0
fructose-1,6-diphosphate fructose-1,6-diphosphate: RN refers to (D)-isomer	2.91	4	0
adhyperforin adhyperforin: isolated from Hypericum perforatum; structure in first source	2	1	0
tubastatin a [no description available]	2.13	1	0	hydroxamic acid; pyridoindole; tertiary amino compound	EC 3.5.1.98 (histone deacetylase) inhibitor
jujuboside a [no description available]	2.42	2	0	triterpenoid
2-(3-methoxyphenyl)-2-(ethylamino)cyclohexanone [no description available]	2.15	1	0
b355252 [no description available]	2.55	2	0
6-ketocholestanol 6-ketocholestanol: RN given refers to the (3beta)-isomer; RN for cpd without isomeric designation not avail 5/90	1.99	1	0	cholestanoid
vasoactive intestinal peptide Vasoactive Intestinal Peptide: A highly basic, 28 amino acid neuropeptide released from intestinal mucosa. It has a wide range of biological actions affecting the cardiovascular, gastrointestinal, and respiratory systems and is neuroprotective. It binds special receptors (RECEPTORS, VASOACTIVE INTESTINAL PEPTIDE).	7.47	52	0
natriuretic peptide, brain Natriuretic Peptide, Brain: A PEPTIDE that is secreted by the BRAIN and the HEART ATRIA, stored mainly in cardiac ventricular MYOCARDIUM. It can cause NATRIURESIS; DIURESIS; VASODILATION; and inhibits secretion of RENIN and ALDOSTERONE. It improves heart function. It contains 32 AMINO ACIDS.	6.32	4	2	polypeptide
heme Heme: The color-furnishing portion of hemoglobin. It is found free in tissues and as the prosthetic group in many hemeproteins.. ferroheme : Any iron(II)--porphyrin coordination complex.. ferroheme b : Heme b in which the iron has oxidation state +2.. heme : A heme is any tetrapyrrolic chelate of iron.	7.77	89	0
AM2201 1-(5-fluoropentyl)-3-(1-naphthoyl)indole: a cannabimimetic; structure in first source	2.17	1	0	indolecarboxamide
leukotoxin leukotoxin: do not confuse with leukotoxin which is 9,10-epoxy-12-octadecenoate	2.1	1	0
chondroitin Chondroitin: A mucopolysaccharide constituent of chondrin. (Grant & Hackh's Chemical Dictionary, 5th ed)	1.97	1	0
heparitin sulfate Heparitin Sulfate: A heteropolysaccharide that is similar in structure to HEPARIN. It accumulates in individuals with MUCOPOLYSACCHARIDOSIS.	2.91	4	0
neuromedin b neuromedin B: decapeptide isolated from porcine spinal cord	2.43	2	0
ascorbic acid Ascorbic Acid: A six carbon compound related to glucose. It is found naturally in citrus fruits and many vegetables. Ascorbic acid is an essential nutrient in human diets, and necessary to maintain connective tissue and bone. Its biologically active form, vitamin C, functions as a reducing agent and coenzyme in several metabolic pathways. Vitamin C is considered an antioxidant.. L-ascorbic acid : The L-enantiomer of ascorbic acid and conjugate acid of L-ascorbate.. L-ascorbate : The L-enantiomer of ascorbate and conjugate base of L-ascorbic acid, arising from selective deprotonation of the 3-hydroxy group. Required for a range of essential metabolic reactions in all animals and plants.. vitamin C : Any member of a group of vitamers that belong to the chemical structural class called butenolides that exhibit biological activity against vitamin C deficiency in animals. The vitamers include L-ascorbic acid and its salt, ionized and oxidized forms.	10.63	117	0	ascorbic acid; vitamin C	coenzyme; cofactor; flour treatment agent; food antioxidant; food colour retention agent; geroprotector; plant metabolite; skin lightening agent
novobiocin Novobiocin: An antibiotic compound derived from Streptomyces niveus. It has a chemical structure similar to coumarin. Novobiocin binds to DNA gyrase, and blocks adenosine triphosphatase (ATPase) activity. (From Reynolds, Martindale The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p189). novobiocin : A coumarin-derived antibiotic obtained from Streptomyces niveus.	2.05	1	0	carbamate ester; ether; hexoside; hydroxycoumarin; monocarboxylic acid amide; monosaccharide derivative; phenols	antibacterial agent; antimicrobial agent; EC 5.99.1.3 [DNA topoisomerase (ATP-hydrolysing)] inhibitor; Escherichia coli metabolite; hepatoprotective agent
tetracycline Tetracycline: A naphthacene antibiotic that inhibits AMINO ACYL TRNA binding during protein synthesis.. tetracycline : A broad-spectrum polyketide antibiotic produced by the Streptomyces genus of actinobacteria.	3.93	13	0
chlortetracycline Chlortetracycline: A TETRACYCLINE with a 7-chloro substitution.. chlortetracycline : A member of the class of tetracyclines with formula C22H23ClN2O8 isolated from Streptomyces aureofaciens.	2.67	3	0
oxytetracycline, anhydrous Oxytetracycline: A TETRACYCLINE analog isolated from the actinomycete STREPTOMYCES RIMOSUS and used in a wide variety of clinical conditions.. oxytetracycline : A tetracycline used for treatment of infections caused by a variety of Gram positive and Gram negative microorganisms including Mycoplasma pneumoniae, Pasteurella pestis, Escherichia coli, Haemophilus influenzae (respiratory infections), and Diplococcus pneumoniae.	2.37	2	0
minocycline Minocycline: A TETRACYCLINE analog, having a 7-dimethylamino and lacking the 5 methyl and hydroxyl groups, which is effective against tetracycline-resistant STAPHYLOCOCCUS infections.. minocycline : A tetracycline analogue having a dimethylamino group at position 7 and lacking the methyl and hydroxy groups at position 5.	9.67	28	1
salicylates Salicylates: The salts or esters of salicylic acids, or salicylate esters of an organic acid. Some of these have analgesic, antipyretic, and anti-inflammatory activities by inhibiting prostaglandin synthesis.. hydroxybenzoate : Any benzoate derivative carrying a single carboxylate group and at least one hydroxy substituent.. salicylates : Any salt or ester arising from reaction of the carboxy group of salicylic acid, or any ester resulting from the condensation of the phenolic hydroxy group of salicylic acid with an organic acid.. salicylate : A monohydroxybenzoate that is the conjugate base of salicylic acid.	5.18	15	0	monohydroxybenzoate	plant metabolite
dicumarol Dicumarol: An oral anticoagulant that interferes with the metabolism of vitamin K. It is also used in biochemical experiments as an inhibitor of reductases.	2.69	3	0	hydroxycoumarin	anticoagulant; EC 1.6.5.2 [NAD(P)H dehydrogenase (quinone)] inhibitor; Hsp90 inhibitor; vitamin K antagonist
piroxicam [no description available]	2.48	2	0	benzothiazine; monocarboxylic acid amide; pyridines	analgesic; antirheumatic drug; cyclooxygenase 1 inhibitor; EC 1.14.99.1 (prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase) inhibitor; non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug
acenocoumarol Acenocoumarol: A coumarin that is used as an anticoagulant. Its actions and uses are similar to those of WARFARIN. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p233). acenocoumarol : A hydroxycoumarin that is warfarin in which the hydrogen at position 4 of the phenyl substituent is replaced by a nitro group.	2.05	1	0	C-nitro compound; hydroxycoumarin; methyl ketone	anticoagulant; EC 1.6.5.2 [NAD(P)H dehydrogenase (quinone)] inhibitor
mobic Meloxicam: A benzothiazine and thiazole derivative that acts as a NSAID and cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) inhibitor. It is used in the treatment of RHEUMATOID ARTHRITIS; OSTEOARTHRITIS; and ANKYLOSING SPONDYLITIS.. meloxicam : A benzothiazine that is piroxicam in which the pyridin-2-yl group is replaced by a 5-methyl-1,3-thiazol-2-yl group. A non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug and selective inhibitor of COX-2, it is used particularly for the management of rheumatoid arthritis.	2.77	3	0	1,3-thiazoles; benzothiazine; monocarboxylic acid amide	analgesic; antirheumatic drug; cyclooxygenase 2 inhibitor; non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug
laquinimod [no description available]	3.09	1	0	aromatic amide
mobiflex tenoxicam : A thienothiazine-derived monocarboxylic acid amide obtained by formal condensation of the carboxy group of 4-hydroxy-2-methylthieno[2,3-e][1,2]thiazine-3-carboxylic acid 1,1-dioxide with the amino group of 2-aminopyridine. Used for the treatment of pain and inflammation in osteoarthritis and rheumatoid arthritis. It is also indicated for short term treatment of acute musculoskeletal disorders including strains, sprains and other soft-tissue injuries.	2.05	1	0	heteroaryl hydroxy compound; monocarboxylic acid amide; pyridines; thienothiazine	antipyretic; EC 1.14.99.1 (prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase) inhibitor; non-narcotic analgesic; non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug
warfarin Warfarin: An anticoagulant that acts by inhibiting the synthesis of vitamin K-dependent coagulation factors. Warfarin is indicated for the prophylaxis and/or treatment of venous thrombosis and its extension, pulmonary embolism, and atrial fibrillation with embolization. It is also used as an adjunct in the prophylaxis of systemic embolism after myocardial infarction. Warfarin is also used as a rodenticide.. warfarin : A racemate comprising equal amounts of (R)- and (S)-warfarin. Extensively used as both an anticoagulant drug and as a pesticide against rats and mice.. 4-hydroxy-3-(3-oxo-1-phenylbutyl)-1-benzopyran-2-one : A member of the class of coumarins that is 4-hydroxycoumarin which is substituted at position 3 by a 1-phenyl-3-oxo-1-butyl group.	6.58	37	0	benzenes; hydroxycoumarin; methyl ketone
dihydroxyfumarate dihydroxyfumarate: RN given refers to ((E)-isomer); structure. dihydroxyfumaric acid : A 2-hydroxydicarboxylic acid consisting of fumaric acid having two hydroxy groups at the 2- and 3-positions.	1.93	1	0	2-hydroxydicarboxylic acid; C4-dicarboxylic acid
ascorbate-2-phosphate ascorbate-2-phosphate: inhibitor of ascorbate-2-sulfate sulfohydrolase from bovine liver. L-ascorbic acid 2-phosphate : An aldonolactone phosphate that is the 2-phosphate ester of L-ascorbic acid. It can stimulate collagen formation.	2.01	1	0	aldonolactone phosphate
demeclocycline Demeclocycline: A TETRACYCLINE analog having a 7-chloro and a 6-methyl. Because it is excreted more slowly than tetracycline, it maintains effective blood levels for longer periods of time.. demeclocycline : Tetracycline which lacks the methyl substituent at position 7 and in which the hydrogen para- to the phenolic hydroxy group is substituted by chlorine. Like tetracycline, it is an antibiotic, but being excreted more slowly, effective blood levels are maintained for longer. It is used (mainly as the hydrochloride) for the treatment of Lyme disease, acne and bronchitis, as well as for hyponatraemia (low blood sodium concentration) due to the syndrome of inappropriate antidiuretic hormone (SIADH) where fluid restriction alone has been ineffective.	2.02	1	0
phenprocoumon Phenprocoumon: Coumarin derivative that acts as a long acting oral anticoagulant.. phenprocoumon : A hydroxycoumarin that is 4-hydroxycoumarin which is substituted at position 3 by a 1-phenylpropyl group.	2.05	1	0	hydroxycoumarin	anticoagulant; EC 1.6.5.2 [NAD(P)H dehydrogenase (quinone)] inhibitor
citrinin Citrinin: Antibiotic and mycotoxin from Aspergillus niveus and Penicillium citrinum.	2.43	2	0
l 701324 L 701324: a glycine/NMDA receptor antagonist	2.71	3	0	quinolines
antimycin [no description available]	3.63	9	0
rolitetracycline Rolitetracycline: A pyrrolidinylmethyl TETRACYCLINE.. rolitetracycline : A derivative of tetracycline in which the amide function is substituted with a pyrrolidinomethyl group.	2.05	1	0
teriflunomide [no description available]	2.15	1	0	(trifluoromethyl)benzenes; aromatic amide; enamide; enol; nitrile; secondary carboxamide	drug metabolite; EC 1.3.98.1 [dihydroorotate oxidase (fumarate)] inhibitor; hepatotoxic agent; non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug; tyrosine kinase inhibitor
2-[[[4-hydroxy-2-oxo-1-(phenylmethyl)-3-quinolinyl]-oxomethyl]amino]acetic acid [no description available]	2.21	1	0	quinolines
lornoxicam lornoxicam : A thienothiazine-derived monocarboxylic acid amide obtained by formal condensation of the carboxy group of 6-chloro-4-hydroxy-2-methylthieno[2,3-e][1,2]thiazine-3-carboxylic acid 1,1-dioxide with the amino group of 2-aminopyridine. Used for the treatment of pain, primarily resulting from inflammatory diseases of the joints, osteoarthritis, surgery, sciatica and other inflammations.	2.05	1	0	heteroaryl hydroxy compound; monocarboxylic acid amide; organochlorine compound; pyridines; thienothiazine	antipyretic; non-narcotic analgesic; non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug
streptolydigin streptolydigin: antibiotic isolated from culture filtrates of Streptomyces lydicus; active against gram-postive bacteria except micrococci; minor descriptor (75-87); on line & INDEX MEDICUS search ANTIBIOTICS (75-87). streptolydigin : A monocarboxylic acid amide that is a broad-spectrum antibiotic produced by Streptomyces lydicus.	2.08	1	0	bridged compound; cyclic ketal; enol; monocarboxylic acid amide; N-glycosyl compound; organic heterobicyclic compound; pyrrolidinone; spiro-epoxide	antimicrobial agent; bacterial metabolite; EC 2.7.7.6 (RNA polymerase) inhibitor
ml289 ML289: metabotropic glutamate receptor 3 probe	2.07	1	0
agi-5198 AGI-5198: inhibits isocitrate dehydrogenase 1; structure in first source	2.25	1	0
bacitracin a bacitracin A: cyclic dodecapeptide antibiotic from Bacillus licheniformis; structure in Merck Index, 9th ed, #942. bacitracin A : A homodetic cyclic peptide consisting of (4R)-2-[(1S,2S)-1-amino-2-methylbutyl]-4,5-dihydro-1,3-thiazole-4-carboxylic acid attached head-to-tail to L-leucyl,D-glutamyl, L-lysyl, D-ornityl, L-isoleucyl, D-phenylalanyl, L-histidyl. D-aspartyl and L-asparaginyl residues coupled in sequence and cyclised by condensation of the side-chain amino group of the L-lysyl residue with the C-terminal carboxylic acid group. It is the major component of bacitracin.	2	1	0
nickel nitrilotriacetic acid [no description available]	2.44	2	0
2'-hydroxy-5,9-dimethyl-2-allyl-6,7-benzomorphan SK&F 10047: pharmacologic action of cpd may depend on (L)- or (D)-isomerism; RN given refers to cpd without isomeric designation	3.79	11	0
omega-agatoxin iva omega-Agatoxin IVA: A neuropeptide toxin from the venom of the funnel web spider, Agelenopsis aperta. It inhibits CALCIUM CHANNELS, P-TYPE by altering the voltage-dependent gating so that very large depolarizations are needed for channel opening. It also inhibits CALCIUM CHANNELS, Q-TYPE.	4.8	32	0
snx 230 omega-conotoxin-MVIIC: isolated from Conus magus; amino acid sequence given in first source	5.49	25	0
toxin ii (anemonia sulcata) toxin II (Anemonia sulcata): toxic polypeptide closely related to anthopleurin A with potent cardiac stimulant activity from Anemonia sulcata; do not confuse with altertoxin II which is also abbreviated ATX II	2.4	2	0
epidermal growth factor Epidermal Growth Factor: A 6-kDa polypeptide growth factor initially discovered in mouse submaxillary glands. Human epidermal growth factor was originally isolated from urine based on its ability to inhibit gastric secretion and called urogastrone. Epidermal growth factor exerts a wide variety of biological effects including the promotion of proliferation and differentiation of mesenchymal and EPITHELIAL CELLS. It is synthesized as a transmembrane protein which can be cleaved to release a soluble active form.	6.45	33	0
microcystin microcystin: microcystins have the general structure cyclo(D-Ala-L-X-D-erythro--methylisoasp-L-Y-Adda-D-isoGlu-N-methyldehydroAla) where X and Y are variable L-amino acids;. microcystin : A family of cyclic heptapeptide hepatotoxins produced by a number of cyanobacteria, the most notable of which is Microcystis, from which the name of the family is derived. Microcystins consist of a heptapeptide macrocycle made up of five non-protein amino acids and two protein amino acids.	2.73	3	0	peptide
gastrin-releasing peptide Gastrin-Releasing Peptide: Neuropeptide and gut hormone that helps regulate GASTRIC ACID secretion and motor function. Once released from nerves in the antrum of the STOMACH, the neuropeptide stimulates release of GASTRIN from the GASTRIN-SECRETING CELLS.	3.76	10	0
kaolinite Kaolin: The most common mineral of a group of hydrated aluminum silicates, approximately H2Al2Si2O8-H2O. It is prepared for pharmaceutical and medicinal purposes by levigating with water to remove sand, etc. (From Merck Index, 11th ed) The name is derived from Kao-ling (Chinese: high ridge), the original site. (From Grant & Hackh's Chemical Dictionary, 5th ed). kaolin : An aluminosilicate soft white mineral named after the hill in China (Kao-ling) from which it was mined for centuries. In its natural state kaolin is a white, soft powder consisting principally of the mineral kaolinite, and varying amounts of other minerals such as muscovite, quartz, feldspar, and anatase. It is used in the manufacture of china and porcelain and also widely used in the production of paper, rubber, paint, drying agents, and many other products.	8.52	8	0	aluminosilicate mineral; mixture	antidiarrhoeal drug; excipient
clay Clay: A naturally-occurring rock or soil constituent characterized by particles with a diameter of less than 0.005 mm. It is composed primarily of hydrous aluminum silicates, trace amounts of metal OXIDES, and organic matter.	7.15	1	0
brevetoxin brevetoxin: from Ptychodiscus brevis	2.7	3	0
charybdotoxin [no description available]	2.71	3	0
transforming growth factor beta Transforming Growth Factor beta: A factor synthesized in a wide variety of tissues. It acts synergistically with TGF-alpha in inducing phenotypic transformation and can also act as a negative autocrine growth factor. TGF-beta has a potential role in embryonal development, cellular differentiation, hormone secretion, and immune function. TGF-beta is found mostly as homodimer forms of separate gene products TGF-beta1, TGF-beta2 or TGF-beta3. Heterodimers composed of TGF-beta1 and 2 (TGF-beta1.2) or of TGF-beta2 and 3 (TGF-beta2.3) have been isolated. The TGF-beta proteins are synthesized as precursor proteins.	6.15	24	0
phytoestrogens Phytoestrogens: Compounds derived from plants, primarily ISOFLAVONES that mimic or modulate endogenous estrogens, usually by binding to ESTROGEN RECEPTORS.	2.72	3	0
cyanophycin [no description available]	7.44	2	0
saxitoxin Saxitoxin: A compound that contains a reduced purine ring system but is not biosynthetically related to the purine alkaloids. It is a poison found in certain edible mollusks at certain times; elaborated by GONYAULAX and consumed by mollusks, fishes, etc. without ill effects. It is neurotoxic and causes RESPIRATORY PARALYSIS and other effects in MAMMALS, known as paralytic SHELLFISH poisoning.. saxitoxin : An alkaloid isolated from the marine dinoflagellates and cyanobacteria that causes paralytic shellfish poisoning.	2.9	4	0	alkaloid; carbamate ester; guanidines; ketone hydrate; paralytic shellfish toxin; pyrrolopurine	cyanotoxin; marine metabolite; neurotoxin; sodium channel blocker; toxin
3-[[2-(2-pyridinyl)-6-(1,2,4,5-tetrahydro-3-benzazepin-3-yl)-4-pyrimidinyl]amino]propanoic acid [no description available]	2.21	1	0	organonitrogen heterocyclic compound
astressin-2b astressin-2B: a CRF2 receptor antagonist. astressin 2B : A 33-membered homodetic cyclic peptide comprising the sequence Ac-Asp-Leu-Ser-D-Phe-His-alpha-MeLeu-Leu-Arg-Lys-Nle-Ile-Glu-Ile-Glu-Lys-Gln-Glu-Lys-Glu-Lys-Gln-Gln-Ala-Glu-Asn-Asn-Lys-Leu-Leu-Leu-Asp-alpha-MeLeu-Ile-NH2 cyclised by an amide bridge, formed by condensation of the side-chain carboxy group of the Glu residue at position 24 and the side-chain amino group of the Lys residue at position 27.	2.5	2	0
okadaic acid Okadaic Acid: A specific inhibitor of phosphoserine/threonine protein phosphatase 1 and 2a. It is also a potent tumor promoter. It is produced by DINOFLAGELLATES and causes diarrhetic SHELLFISH POISONING.. okadaic acid : A polycyclic ether that is produced by several species of dinoflagellates, and is known to accumulate in both marine sponges and shellfish. A polyketide, polyether derivative of a C38 fatty acid, it is one of the primary causes of diarrhetic shellfish poisoning (DSP). It is a potent inhibitor of specific protein phosphatases and is known to have a variety of negative effects on cells.	4.96	37	0	ketal
diinosine pentaphosphate [no description available]	2.01	1	0
brine brine: not from seawater; contains sodium chloride; calcium chloride; magnesium chloride; one or all of the above	2.13	1	0
grn-529 GRN-529: an mGluR5 antagonist; structure in first source	2.08	1	0
bay 85-3934 [no description available]	2.21	1	0
pyrethrins [no description available]	5.2	15	0
hydrazino nicotinamide [no description available]	2.05	1	0
4-cyclopropyl-7-fluoro-3,4-dihydro-2h-1,2,4-benzothiadiazine 1,1-dioxide 4-cyclopropyl-7-fluoro-3,4-dihydro-2H-1,2,4-benzothiadiazine 1,1-dioxide: a GluA2 positive allosteric modulator; structure in first source	2.13	1	0
gsk2578215a GSK2578215A: an inhibitor of LRRK2 kinase; structure in first source	2.21	1	0
tan 67 TAN 67: a non-peptidic selective delta-opioid receptor agonist; structure given in first source	2.02	1	0
ajmaline [no description available]	2.05	1	0
lsp4-2022 LSP4-2022: structure in first source	2.17	1	0
coriaria lactone coriaria lactone: induces convulsions in rats	7.41	2	0
kiss1 protein, human Kisspeptins: Intercellular signaling peptides that were originally characterized by their ability to suppress NEOPLASM METASTASIS. Kisspeptins have since been found to play an important role in the neuroendocrine regulation of REPRODUCTION.	6.26	17	0
araldite araldite: induces experimental asthma in immunized guinea pigs; RN given refers to araldite; see also record for araldite B	1.98	1	0
trp-lys-tyr-met-val-met Trp-Lys-Tyr-Met-Val-Met: a synthetic peptide, stimulates phosphoinositide hyrolysis in human leukocytes	3.27	1	0
platonin platonin: RN given refers to diiodide; structure in first source	2.03	1	0
sakyomicin a sakyomicin A: from strain of Nocardia; structure given in first source	1.96	1	0
maitotoxin [no description available]	2.7	3	0
cysteine tryptophylquinone cysteine tryptophylquinone: cofactor of quinohemoprotein amine dehydrogenase. cysteine tryptophylquinone : An L-tryptophan derivative that is L-tryptophan-6,7-dione in which a cysteine unit is attached at position 4 via its side-chain thiol group.	2.01	1	0	L-cysteine thioether; L-tryptophan derivative; orthoquinones
agar Agar: A complex sulfated polymer of galactose units, extracted from Gelidium cartilagineum, Gracilaria confervoides, and related red algae. It is used as a gel in the preparation of solid culture media for microorganisms, as a bulk laxative, in making emulsions, and as a supporting medium for immunodiffusion and immunoelectrophoresis.. agar : A complex mixture of polysaccharides extracted from species of red algae. Its two main components are agarose and agaropectin. Agarose is the component responsible for the high-strength gelling properties of agar, while agaropectin provides the viscous properties.	2.43	2	0
cb-839 [no description available]	3.1	4	0
ivosidenib ivosidenib: an inhibitor of isocitrate dehydrogenase 1 (IDH1) for treatment of acute myeloid leukemia (AML). ivosidenib : A tertiary carboxamide resulting from the formal condensation of the carboxy group of (2S)-1-(4-cyanopyridin-2-yl)-5-oxopyrrolidine-2-carboxylic acid with the secondary amino group of (2S)-2-(2-chlorophenyl)-N-(3,3-difluorocyclobutyl)-2-[(5-fluoropyridin-3-yl)amino]acetamide. It is approved by the FDA for the treatment of acute myeloid leukemia (AML) in patients with an isocitrate dehydrogenase-1 (IDH1) mutation.	2.25	1	0	cyanopyridine; monochlorobenzenes; organofluorine compound; pyrrolidin-2-ones; secondary carboxamide; tertiary carboxamide	antineoplastic agent; EC 1.1.1.42 (isocitrate dehydrogenase) inhibitor
cobra cardiotoxin proteins Cobra Cardiotoxin Proteins: Most abundant proteins in COBRA venom; basic polypeptides of 57 to 62 amino acids with four disulfide bonds and a molecular weight of less than 7000; causes skeletal and cardiac muscle contraction, interferes with neuromuscular and ganglionic transmission, depolarizes nerve, muscle and blood cell membranes, thus causing hemolysis.	1.99	1	0
hirudin Hirudin: A 65-residue polypeptide from LEECHES.	3.38	7	0
ephrin-a5 Ephrin-A5: A GLYCOINOSITOL PHOSPHOLIPID MEMBRANE ANCHOR containing ephrin found in developing tectum. It has been shown to mediate the bundling of cortical axons and repel the axonal growth of retinal ganglia axons. It is found in a variety of adult tissues of BRAIN; HEART; and KIDNEY.	4.11	4	0
glutaminase [no description available]	11.85	271	0
cyclin d1 Cyclin D1: Protein encoded by the bcl-1 gene which plays a critical role in regulating the cell cycle. Overexpression of cyclin D1 is the result of bcl-1 rearrangement, a t(11;14) translocation, and is implicated in various neoplasms.	3.54	8	0
vu0422288 VU0422288: a positive allosteric modulator of metabotropic glutamate receptor 7; structure in first source	2.1	1	0
22-thiocyanatosalvinorin a 22-thiocyanatosalvinorin A: structure in first source	3.27	1	0
alcohol oxidase [no description available]	2.08	1	0
lysophosphatidylinositol [no description available]	2.71	3	0
lysophosphatidylethanolamine lysophosphatidylethanolamine : A glycerophosphoethanolamine resulting from partial hydrolysis of a phosphatidylethanolamine, which removes one of the fatty acid groups. The structure is depicted in the image where R(1) = acyl, R(2) = H or where R(1) = H, R(2) = acyl.	2.31	1	0
onc201 TIC10 compound: a TRAIL-dependent antitumor agent; structure in first source	2.31	1	0
caseins Caseins: A mixture of related phosphoproteins occurring in milk and cheese. The group is characterized as one of the most nutritive milk proteins, containing all of the common amino acids and rich in the essential ones.	6.65	29	2
ly 2140023 LY 2140023: prodrug of LY-404039	3.15	1	0
nattokinase nattokinase: isolated from the Japanese soybean cheese Natto; MW: 20,000; pI=8.6	7.25	1	0
mitotracker green fm [no description available]	2.03	1	0
oligomycins Oligomycins: A closely related group of toxic substances elaborated by various strains of Streptomyces. They are 26-membered macrolides with lactone moieties and double bonds and inhibit various ATPases, causing uncoupling of phosphorylation from mitochondrial respiration. Used as tools in cytochemistry. Some specific oligomycins are RUTAMYCIN, peliomycin, and botrycidin (formerly venturicidin X).	5.97	35	0
illite [no description available]	1.99	1	0
toxin iii (anemonia sulcata) toxin III (Anemonia sulcata): polypeptide with 27 amino acid residues; see also record for cytolysin III (Stoichactis helianthus)	1.98	1	0
asbestos, crocidolite Asbestos, Crocidolite: A lavender, acid-resistant asbestos.	2.07	1	0
phthalocyanine phthalocyanine : A tetrapyrrole fundamental parent that consists of four isoindole-type units, with the connecting carbon atoms in the macrocycle replaced by nitrogen.	7.15	1	0	phthalocyanines; tetrapyrrole fundamental parent
g(m3) ganglioside G(M3) Ganglioside: A ganglioside present in abnormally large amounts in the brain and liver due to a deficient biosynthetic enzyme, G(M3):UDP-N-acetylgalactosaminyltransferase. Deficiency of this enzyme prevents the formation of G(M2) ganglioside from G(M3) ganglioside and is the cause of an anabolic sphingolipidosis.. alpha-Neu5Ac-(2->3)-beta-D-Gal-(1->4)-beta-D-Glc-(1<->1')-Cer(d18:1/24:1(15Z)) : A sialotriaosylceramide consisting of beta-D-GalNAc-(1->4)-[alpha-Neu5Ac-(2->3)]-beta-D-Gal-(1->4)-beta-D-Glc attached to the primary hydroxy function of ceramide(d18:1/24:1(15Z)).	2.44	2	0	alpha-N-acetylneuraminyl-(2->3)-beta-D-galactosyl-(1->4)-beta-D-glucosyl-(1<->1')-ceramide; sialodiosylceramide; sialotriaosylceramide	mouse metabolite
benzyloxycarbonylvalyl-alanyl-aspartyl fluoromethyl ketone benzyloxycarbonylvalyl-alanyl-aspartyl fluoromethyl ketone: an interleukin-1beta converting enzyme (ICE)-like protease inhibitor	3.9	12	0
azulenyl nitrone azulenyl nitrone: a class of free radical spin-trapping compounds; structure in first source	1.99	1	0
fsl-1 lipoprotein, synthetic FSL-1 lipoprotein, synthetic: a synthetic lipoprotein based on the 44-kDa lipoprotein from Mycoplasma salivarium	2.08	1	0
nitrophenols Nitrophenols: PHENOLS carrying nitro group substituents.	3.47	8	0
bassianolide bassianolide: cyclodepsipeptide from mycelia of Beauveria bassiana; inhibits isotonic contractions induced by acetylcholine. bassianolide : A cyclodepsipeptide consisting of a cyclic tetramer of the depsipeptide D-Hiv-N-methyl-L-leucine (where D-Hiv = D-alpha-hydroxyisovaleric acid). Found in the fungal species Beauveria bassiana and Verticillium lecanii, it has insecticidal properties and is used as a commercial biopesticide to control of insects of agricultural, veterinary and medical significance. For elucidation of the structure, see Suzuki et al., Tetrahedron Lett. 1977 v25, 2167-2170.	3.16	5	0	cyclodepsipeptide; cyclooctadepsipeptide	antineoplastic agent; fungal metabolite; insecticide
carboxypeptidase b Carboxypeptidase B: A ZINC-dependent carboxypeptidase primary found in the DIGESTIVE SYSTEM. The enzyme catalyzes the preferential cleavage of a C-terminal peptidyl-L-lysine or arginine. It was formerly classified as EC 3.4.2.2 and EC 3.4.12.3.	2.43	2	0
neuropeptide y, leu(31)-pro(34)- neuropeptide Y, Leu(31)-Pro(34)-: specific Y1 receptor agonist	2.02	1	0
peptide yy peptide YY (3-36): amino acid sequence given in first source	2.7	3	0
glucagon-like peptide 2 Glucagon-Like Peptide 2: A 33-amino acid peptide derived from the C-terminal of PROGLUCAGON and mainly produced by the INTESTINAL L CELLS. It stimulates intestinal mucosal growth and decreased apoptosis of ENTEROCYTES. GLP-2 enhances gastrointestinal function and plays an important role in nutrient homeostasis.	2.97	4	0
ch 275 [no description available]	2.42	2	0
snx 482 SNX 482: from venom of tarantula, Hysterocrates gigas; amino acid sequence in first source	2.43	2	0
calpastatin calpastatin: large mol wt, heat-stable calpain inhibitor; not based on sequestering Ca++ from medium, but binding to calpain does require Ca++. calpastatin peptide Ac 184-210 : A 27-membered polypeptide comprising the sequence Ac-Asp-Pro-Met-Ser-Ser-Thr-Tyr-Ile-Glu-Glu-Leu-Gly-Lys-Arg-Glu-Val-Thr-Ile-Pro-Pro-Lys-Tyr-Arg-Glu-Leu-Leu-Ala-NH2. An acetylated synthetic peptide from human calpastatin that strongly inhibits both calpains I and II but not papain (a cysteine protease) or trypsin (a serine protease).	2.44	2	0	polypeptide	EC 3.4.22.52 (calpain-1) inhibitor; EC 3.4.22.53 (calpain-2) inhibitor
conantokin r conantokin R: isolated from Conus radiatus; amino acid sequence in first source	2	1	0
kaliotoxin kaliotoxin: peptidyl inhibitor of neuronal BK-type calcium-activated K+ channels from Androctonus mauretanicus mauretanicus venom; MW 4 kDa; amino acid sequence has been determined	2	1	0
tws 119 [no description available]	3.41	1	0
angiotensin i Angiotensin I: A decapeptide that is cleaved from precursor angiotensinogen by RENIN. Angiotensin I has limited biological activity. It is converted to angiotensin II, a potent vasoconstrictor, after the removal of two amino acids at the C-terminal by ANGIOTENSIN CONVERTING ENZYME.. angiotensin I : A ten amino acid peptide formed by renin cleavage of angiotensinogen. Angiotensin I has no direct biological function except that high levels can stimulate catecholamine production. It is metabolized to its biologically active byproduct angiotensin II, a potent vasoconstrictor, by angiotensin converting enzyme (ACE) through cleavage of the two terminal amino acids.. angiotensin I dizwitterion : A peptide zwitterion that is the dizwitterionic form of angiotensin I having both carboxy groups deprotonated and the aspartyl amino group and arginine side-chain protonated. It is the major species at pH 7.3.	2.99	4	0	angiotensin; peptide zwitterion	human metabolite; neurotransmitter agent
cobamamide cobamamide : A member of the class of cobalamins that is vitamin B12 in which the cyano group is replaced by a 5'-deoxyadenos-5'-yl moiety. It is one of the two metabolically active form of vitamin B12.	5.26	16	0
hyaluronoglucosaminidase Hyaluronoglucosaminidase: An enzyme that catalyzes the random hydrolysis of 1,4-linkages between N-acetyl-beta-D-glucosamine and D-glucuronate residues in hyaluronate. (From Enzyme Nomenclature, 1992) There has been use as ANTINEOPLASTIC AGENTS to limit NEOPLASM METASTASIS.	2.48	2	0
gastrin i gastrin I: heptadecapeptide amide, H-Pyr-Gly-Pro-Trp-Leu-Glu-Glu-Glu-Glu-Glu-Ala-Tyr-Gly-Trp-Met-Asp-Phe-NH2	1.97	1	0
adrenomedullin Adrenomedullin: A 52-amino acid peptide with multi-functions. It was originally isolated from PHEOCHROMOCYTOMA and ADRENAL MEDULLA but is widely distributed throughout the body including lung and kidney tissues. Besides controlling fluid-electrolyte homeostasis, adrenomedullin is a potent vasodilator and can inhibit pituitary ACTH secretion.	7.73	3	0
protein kinase c [no description available]	2.03	1	0
amyloid beta-peptides amyloid beta-protein (1-28): binding of synthetic beta-amyloid peptide fragments to glycosaminoglycan is pH-dependent	2.4	2	0
epoetin alfa Epoetin Alfa: A recombinant glycosylated form of erythropoietin which stimulates the differentiation and proliferation of erythroid precursors. It is used for the treatment of ANEMIA associated with CHRONIC RENAL FAILURE in dialysis and predialysis patients.	2.07	1	0
angiotensin iii Angiotensin III: A heptapeptide formed from ANGIOTENSIN II after the removal of an amino acid at the N-terminal by AMINOPEPTIDASE A. Angiotensin III has the same efficacy as ANGIOTENSIN II in promoting ALDOSTERONE secretion and modifying renal blood flow, but less vasopressor activity (about 40%).	1.98	1	0
lipofectamine Lipofectamine: mediates gene transfer; a polycationic lipid reagent	2.81	3	0
diospyros Diospyros: A plant genus of the family EBENACEAE, order Ebenales, subclass Dilleniidae, class Magnoliopsida best known for the edible fruit and the antibacterial activity and compounds of the wood.	2.03	1	0
nephrin nephrin: gene nephrin is mutated in congenital nephrotic syndrome; amino acid sequence in first source; GenBank F19541; RefSeq NM_019459 (mouse), NM_004646 (human), NM_022628 (rat)	2.05	1	0
ginkgolide k [no description available]	2.07	1	0
crustacean cardioactive peptide crustacean cardioactive peptide: cardioactive neuropeptide, from the nervous system of the shore crab carcinus maenas; do not confuse with CCAP (katacalcin), a calcitonin carboxyl-terminal flanking peptide	2.42	2	0
6-benzoylheteratisine 6-benzoylheteratisine: an Aconitum alkaloid	1.99	1	0
carboxyatractyloside carboxyatractyloside: RN given refers to parent cpd; structure	3.87	12	0
ginkgolide b [no description available]	4.9	11	0
morroniside morroniside: from Cornus officinalis; protects cultured human umbilical vein endothelial cells from damage by high ambient glucose; a component of cornel iridoid glycoside; structure in first source	2.07	1	0
trichodermin Trichodermin: Antifungal metabolite from several fungi, mainly Trichoderma viride; inhibits protein synthesis by binding to ribosomes; proposed as antifungal and antineoplastic; used as tool in cellular biochemistry.. trichodermin : A tetracyclic spiroepoxide which acts as an antifungal and protein synthesis inhibitor.	1.96	1	0
daptomycin [no description available]	3.15	5	0
aldrin Aldrin: A highly poisonous substance that was formerly used as an insecticide. The manufacture and use has been discontinued in the U.S. (From Merck Index, 11th ed). aldrin : An organochlorine compound resulting from the Diels-Alder reaction of hexachlorocyclopentadiene with norbornadiene. A proinsecticide (by epoxidation of the non-chlorinated double bond to give dieldrin), it was widely used as an insecticide before being banned in the 1970s as a persistent organic pollutant.	2	1	0
nonactin nonactin: macrolide tetrolide antibiotic isolated from cycloheximide-producing species of Streptomyces; minor descriptor (75-86); on-line & INDEX MEDICUS search ANTIBIOTICS (75-86)	1.97	1	0
peoniflorin peoniflorin: from Radix and of Paeonia suffruticosa	3.47	7	0
vitamin b 12 Vitamin B 12: A cobalt-containing coordination compound produced by intestinal micro-organisms and found also in soil and water. Higher plants do not concentrate vitamin B 12 from the soil and so are a poor source of the substance as compared with animal tissues. INTRINSIC FACTOR is important for the assimilation of vitamin B 12.	6.03	22	0
aconitine Aconitine: A C19 norditerpenoid alkaloid (DITERPENES) from the root of ACONITUM; DELPHINIUM and larkspurs. It activates VOLTAGE-GATED SODIUM CHANNELS. It has been used to induce ARRHYTHMIAS in experimental animals and it has anti-inflammatory and anti-neuralgic properties.. aconitine : A diterpenoid that is 20-ethyl-3alpha,13,15alpha-trihydroxy-1alpha,6alpha,16beta-trimethoxy-4-(methoxymethyl)aconitane-8,14alpha-diol having acetate and benzoate groups at the 8- and 14-positions respectively.	4.21	17	0
butirosin sulfate Butirosin Sulfate: A water-soluble aminoglycosidic antibiotic complex isolated from fermentation filtrates of Bacillus circulans. Two components (A and B) have been separated from the complex. Both are active against many gram-positive and some gram-negative bacteria.	2.02	1	0
ferric ammonium citrate ferric ammonium citrate: RN given refers to unspecified NH4-Fe(+3) salt. ferric ammonium citrate : A mixture of indefinite composition that contains ferric and ammonium cations and citrate(3-) anions, ferric ammonium citrate may be obtained as red crystals or a brownish yellow powder or as green crystals or powder. It is added to foods as an acidity regulator and anticaking agent. It is also used as a positive oral contrast agent in magnetic resonance imaging, and was formerly administered orally as a source of iron for the treatment of iron-deficiency anaemia.	2.06	1	0
humulin s Insulin, Regular, Human: Regular insulin preparations that contain the HUMAN insulin peptide sequence.. insulin (human) : An insulin that is produced in the pancreas and involved in regulating the metabolism of carbohydrates (particularly glucose) and fats. Commonly thought of as a protein, it consists of two peptide chains, one containing 21 amino acid residues and the other containing 30; the chains are joined together by 2 disulfide bonds. Recombinant insulin is identical to human insulin, but is synthesised by inserting the human insulin gene into E. coli, which then produces insulin for human use. It is used in the treatment of type I and type II diabetes.	3.8	1	1
ecallantide ecallantide: an NSAID and analgesic	2.49	2	0
oxyntomodulin Glucagon-Like Peptides: Peptides derived from proglucagon which is also the precursor of pancreatic GLUCAGON. Despite expression of proglucagon in multiple tissues, the major production site of glucagon-like peptides (GLPs) is the INTESTINAL L CELLS. GLPs include glucagon-like peptide 1, glucagon-like peptide 2, and the various truncated forms.	3.14	5	0
transforming growth factor alpha Transforming Growth Factor alpha: An EPIDERMAL GROWTH FACTOR related protein that is found in a variety of tissues including EPITHELIUM, and maternal DECIDUA. It is synthesized as a transmembrane protein which can be cleaved to release a soluble active form which binds to the EGF RECEPTOR.	2.71	3	0
glutamyl-valyl-glycine [no description available]	2.21	1	0	peptide
moxidectin moxidectin: family of macrolide antibiotics with insecticidal & acaricidal activity	3.25	6	0
margatoxin [no description available]	2.03	1	0
psma-617 PSMA-617: inhibits prostate-specific membrane antigen; structure in first source	3.59	1	1
cyclosporine Cyclosporine: A cyclic undecapeptide from an extract of soil fungi. It is a powerful immunosupressant with a specific action on T-lymphocytes. It is used for the prophylaxis of graft rejection in organ and tissue transplantation. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed).	11.61	48	1
flavin mononucleotide Flavin Mononucleotide: A coenzyme for a number of oxidative enzymes including NADH DEHYDROGENASE. It is the principal form in which RIBOFLAVIN is found in cells and tissues.	8.81	11	0
silybin Silybin: The major active component of silymarin flavonoids extracted from seeds of the MILK THISTLE, Silybum marianum; it is used in the treatment of HEPATITIS; LIVER CIRRHOSIS; and CHEMICAL AND DRUG INDUCED LIVER INJURY, and has antineoplastic activity; silybins A and B are diastereomers.	2.07	1	0
cytochalasin d Cytochalasin D: A fungal metabolite that blocks cytoplasmic cleavage by blocking formation of contractile microfilament structures resulting in multinucleated cell formation, reversible inhibition of cell movement, and the induction of cellular extrusion. Additional reported effects include the inhibition of actin polymerization, DNA synthesis, sperm motility, glucose transport, thyroid secretion, and growth hormone release.. cytochalasin D : An organic heterotricyclic compound that is a mycotoxin produced by Helminthosporium and other moulds which is cell permeable and a potent inhibitor of actin polymerisation and DNA synthesis.	4.15	16	0
peptide yy Peptide YY: A 36-amino acid peptide produced by the L cells of the distal small intestine and colon. Peptide YY inhibits gastric and pancreatic secretion.. peptide YY : A 36-membered human gut polypeptide consisting of Tyr, Pro, Ile, Lys, Pro, Glu, Ala, Pro, Gly, Glu, Asp, Ala, Ser, Pro, Glu, Glu, Leu, Asn, Arg, Tyr, Tyr, Ala, Ser, Leu, Arg, His, Tyr, Leu, Asn, Leu, Val, Thr, Arg, Gln, Arg and Tyr-NH2 residues joined in sequence.	2.7	3	0
lactoferrin Lactoferrin: An iron-binding protein that was originally characterized as a milk protein. It is widely distributed in secretory fluids and is found in the neutrophilic granules of LEUKOCYTES. The N-terminal part of lactoferrin possesses a serine protease which functions to inactivate the TYPE III SECRETION SYSTEM used by bacteria to export virulence proteins for host cell invasion.	2.45	2	0
naltrindole 5'-isothiocyanate naltrindole 5'-isothiocyanate: delta-opioid receptor antagonist & affinity label; structure given in first source	1.99	1	0
myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein (35-55) [no description available]	3.16	5	0
danoprevir [no description available]	2.07	1	0
digitonin Digitonin: A glycoside obtained from Digitalis purpurea; the aglycone is digitogenin which is bound to five sugars. Digitonin solubilizes lipids, especially in membranes and is used as a tool in cellular biochemistry, and reagent for precipitating cholesterol. It has no cardiac effects.. digitonin : A spirostanyl glycoside that is digitogenin in which the 3-hydroxy group is substituted by a beta-D-glucopyranosyl-(1->3)-beta-D-galactopyranosyl-(1->2)-[beta-D-xylopyranosyl-(1->3)]-beta-D-glucopyranosyl-(1->4)-beta-D-galactopyranosyl group. It is a steroidal saponin isolated from the foxglove plant, Digitalis purpurea. It is used extensively as a mild non-ionic detergent for extracting proteins from membranes for structure and function studies.	3.87	12	0
protopanaxadiol protopanaxadiol: triterpenoid sapogenin of ginsenosides from leaves of Panax ginseng; has antineoplastic activity; acid hydrolysis results in panaxadiol. protopanaxadiol : A tetracyclic triterpenoid sapogenin (isolated from ginseng) that is dammarane which is substituted by hydroxy groups at the 3beta, 12beta and 20 positions and in which a double bond has been introduced at the 24-25 position.	2.48	2	0
catalpol catalpol: component of dihuang; RN given refers to (1aS-(1aalpha,1bbeta,2beta,5abeta,6beta,6aalpha))-isomer; RN for cpd without isomeric designation not avail 12/92	2.1	1	0
tomatine Tomatine: An alkaloid that occurs in the extract of leaves of wild tomato plants. It has been found to inhibit the growth of various fungi and bacteria. It is used as a precipitating agent for steroids. (From The Merck Index, 11th ed). tomatine : A steroid alkaloid that is tomatidine in which the hydroxy group at position 3 is linked to lycotetraose, a tetrasaccharide composed of two units of D-glucose, one unit of D-xylose, and one unit of D-galactose.	2.1	1	0
amphidinolide t amphidinolide T: isolated from the dinoflagellate Amphidinium; structure in first source	2.03	1	0
2-hydroxyatorvastatin 2-hydroxyatorvastatin: an atorvastatin metabolite	2.15	1	0
carboxypiperazinyl propylphosphonic acid carboxypiperazinyl propylphosphonic acid: a competitive NMDA receptor (Receptors, N-Methyl-D-Aspartate) antagonist	2.44	2	0
n-adamantyl-4-methylthiazol-2-amine N-adamantyl-4-methylthiazol-2-amine: structure in first source	2.25	1	0
2-cyclopropylimino-3-methyl-1,3-thiazoline hydrochloride 2-cyclopropylimino-3-methyl-1,3-thiazoline hydrochloride: Hypoglycemic Agent	2.76	3	0
orabase Orabase: used in therapy of oral mucosal ulcers	2.74	3	0
technetium tc 99m medronate Technetium Tc 99m Medronate: A gamma-emitting radionuclide imaging agent used primarily in skeletal scintigraphy. Because of its absorption by a variety of tumors, it is useful for the detection of neoplasms.	1.96	1	0
apyrase Apyrase: A calcium-activated enzyme that catalyzes the hydrolysis of ATP to yield AMP and orthophosphate. It can also act on ADP and other nucleoside triphosphates and diphosphates. EC 3.6.1.5.	3.15	5	0
thromboplastin Thromboplastin: Constituent composed of protein and phospholipid that is widely distributed in many tissues. It serves as a cofactor with factor VIIa to activate factor X in the extrinsic pathway of blood coagulation.	3.51	8	0
muramidase Muramidase: A basic enzyme that is present in saliva, tears, egg white, and many animal fluids. It functions as an antibacterial agent. The enzyme catalyzes the hydrolysis of 1,4-beta-linkages between N-acetylmuramic acid and N-acetyl-D-glucosamine residues in peptidoglycan and between N-acetyl-D-glucosamine residues in chitodextrin. EC 3.2.1.17.	4.84	33	0
ribosomal protein l7-l12 [no description available]	2.03	1	0
amyloid beta-peptides amyloid beta-protein (1-40): although acutely neurotoxic in both rat & monkey cerebral cortex, neuronal degeneration in primates resembles more closely to that found in Alzheimer's disease; amino acid sequence has been determined	6.42	39	0
amyloid beta-peptides [no description available]	2	1	0
senkyunolide i senkyunolide I: has antioxidant and anti-migraine activities; isolated from Ligusticum chuanxiong; structure in first source	2.31	1	0
n-(3-trimethylammoniumpropyl)-4-(6-(4-(diethylamino)phenyl)hexatrienyl)pyridinium N-(3-trimethylammoniumpropyl)-4-(6-(4-(diethylamino)phenyl)hexatrienyl)pyridinium: a red fluorescent dye	2.44	2	0
chondroitin sulfates Chondroitin Sulfates: Derivatives of chondroitin which have a sulfate moiety esterified to the galactosamine moiety of chondroitin. Chondroitin sulfate A, or chondroitin 4-sulfate, and chondroitin sulfate C, or chondroitin 6-sulfate, have the sulfate esterified in the 4- and 6-positions, respectively. Chondroitin sulfate B (beta heparin; DERMATAN SULFATE) is a misnomer and this compound is not a true chondroitin sulfate.	4.74	9	0
somatostatin, trp(8)- [no description available]	2	1	0
exendin 3 exendin 3: from the gila monster lizard (Heloderma horridum); amino acid sequence given in first source	2.51	2	0
exudates Malaysia: A parliamentary democracy with a constitutional monarch in southeast Asia, consisting of 11 states (West Malaysia) on the Malay Peninsula and two states (East Malaysia) on the island of BORNEO. It is also called the Federation of Malaysia. Its capital is Kuala Lumpur. Before 1963 it was the Union of Malaya. It reorganized in 1948 as the Federation of Malaya, becoming independent from British Malaya in 1957 and becoming Malaysia in 1963 as a federation of Malaya, Sabah, Sarawak, and Singapore (which seceded in 1965). The form Malay- probably derives from the Tamil malay, mountain, with reference to its geography. (From Webster's New Geographical Dictionary, 1988, p715 & Room, Brewer's Dictionary of Names, 1992, p329)	2.95	4	0
angiogenin angiogenin: human tumor protein which stimulates growth of blood vessels; contains 123 amino acids; member of the pancreatic ribonuclease superfamily; MW 14,400	3.79	3	0
mrk 003 MRK 003: structure in first source	2.13	1	0
neuropeptide y (13-36) [no description available]	2.4	2	0
sb-590885 (Z)-SB-590885 : An N-{5-[2-{4-[2-(dimethylamino)ethoxy]phenyl}-4-(pyridin-4-yl)-1H-imidazol-5-yl]-2,3-dihydro-1H-inden-1-ylidene}hydroxylamine in which the oxime group has Z configuration.. (E)-SB-590885 : An N-{5-[2-{4-[2-(dimethylamino)ethoxy]phenyl}-4-(pyridin-4-yl)-1H-imidazol-5-yl]-2,3-dihydro-1H-inden-1-ylidene}hydroxylamine in which the oxime group has E configuration.	2.04	1	0	N-{5-[2-{4-[2-(dimethylamino)ethoxy]phenyl}-4-(pyridin-4-yl)-1H-imidazol-5-yl]-2,3-dihydro-1H-inden-1-ylidene}hydroxylamine
entecavir entecavir (anhydrous) : Guanine substituted at the 9 position by a 4-hydroxy-3-(hydroxymethyl)-2-methylidenecyclopentyl group. A synthetic analogue of 2'-deoxyguanosine, it is a nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor with selective antiviral activity against hepatitis B virus. Entecavir is phosphorylated intracellularly to the active triphosphate form, which competes with deoxyguanosine triphosphate, the natural substrate of hepatitis B virus reverse transcriptase, inhibiting every stage of the enzyme's activity, although it has no activity against HIV. It is used for the treatment of chronic hepatitis B.	2.05	1	0	2-aminopurines; oxopurine; primary alcohol; secondary alcohol	antiviral drug; EC 2.7.7.49 (RNA-directed DNA polymerase) inhibitor
acyclovir Acyclovir: A GUANOSINE analog that acts as an antimetabolite. Viruses are especially susceptible. Used especially against herpes.. acyclovir : An oxopurine that is guanine substituted by a (2-hydroxyethoxy)methyl substituent at position 9. Used in the treatment of viral infections.	3.84	2	1	2-aminopurines; oxopurine	antimetabolite; antiviral drug
levoleucovorin Levoleucovorin: A folate analog consisting of the pharmacologically active isomer of LEUCOVORIN.. (6S)-5-formyltetrahydrofolic acid : The pharmacologically active (6S)-stereoisomer of 5-formyltetrahydrofolic acid.	7.06	10	2	5-formyltetrahydrofolic acid	antineoplastic agent; metabolite
cyclic gmp Cyclic GMP: Guanosine cyclic 3',5'-(hydrogen phosphate). A guanine nucleotide containing one phosphate group which is esterified to the sugar moiety in both the 3'- and 5'-positions. It is a cellular regulatory agent and has been described as a second messenger. Its levels increase in response to a variety of hormones, including acetylcholine, insulin, and oxytocin and it has been found to activate specific protein kinases. (From Merck Index, 11th ed). 3',5'-cyclic GMP : A 3',5'-cyclic purine nucleotide in which the purine nucleobase is specified as guanidine.	15.88	212	0	3',5'-cyclic purine nucleotide; guanyl ribonucleotide	Escherichia coli metabolite; human metabolite; mouse metabolite; plant metabolite; Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite
deoxyguanosine [no description available]	3.83	11	0	purine 2'-deoxyribonucleoside; purines 2'-deoxy-D-ribonucleoside	Escherichia coli metabolite; human metabolite; mouse metabolite; Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite
deoxyguanosine triphosphate [no description available]	2.06	1	0	deoxyguanosine phosphate; guanyl deoxyribonucleotide; purine 2'-deoxyribonucleoside 5'-triphosphate	Arabidopsis thaliana metabolite; Escherichia coli metabolite; human metabolite; mouse metabolite; plant metabolite; Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite
dihydrofolate dihydrofolic acid : A folic acid derivative acted upon by dihydrofolate reductase to produce tetrahydrofolic acid. It interacts with bacteria during cell division and is targeted by various drugs to prevent nucleic acid synthesis.	2.41	2	0	dihydrofolic acids	Escherichia coli metabolite; mouse metabolite
guanosine diphosphate Guanosine Diphosphate: A guanine nucleotide containing two phosphate groups esterified to the sugar moiety.	5.12	44	0	guanosine 5'-phosphate; purine ribonucleoside 5'-diphosphate	Escherichia coli metabolite; mouse metabolite; uncoupling protein inhibitor
guanosine pentaphosphate Guanosine Pentaphosphate: Guanosine 5'-triphosphate 2'(3')-diphosphate. A guanine nucleotide containing five phosphate groups. Three phosphate groups are esterified to the sugar moiety in the 5' position and the other two in the 2' or 3' position. This nucleotide serves as a messenger to turn off the synthesis of ribosomal RNA when amino acids are not available for protein synthesis.. guanosine 3'-diphosphate 5'-triphosphate : A guanosine bisphosphate having a diphosphate at the 3'-position and a triphosphate at the 5'-position.	2.13	1	0	guanosine 5'-phosphate; guanosine bisphosphate	Escherichia coli metabolite; mouse metabolite
guanosine monophosphate Guanosine Monophosphate: A guanine nucleotide containing one phosphate group esterified to the sugar moiety and found widely in nature.. guanosine 5'-monophosphate : A purine ribonucleoside 5'-monophosphate having guanine as the nucleobase.	7.03	42	0	guanosine 5'-phosphate; purine ribonucleoside 5'-monophosphate	biomarker; Escherichia coli metabolite; metabolite; mouse metabolite
guanosine triphosphate Guanosine Triphosphate: Guanosine 5'-(tetrahydrogen triphosphate). A guanine nucleotide containing three phosphate groups esterified to the sugar moiety.	7.91	66	0	guanosine 5'-phosphate; purine ribonucleoside 5'-triphosphate	Escherichia coli metabolite; mouse metabolite; uncoupling protein inhibitor
guanine [no description available]	5.94	24	1	2-aminopurines; oxopurine; purine nucleobase	algal metabolite; Escherichia coli metabolite; human metabolite; mouse metabolite; Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite
guanosine ribonucleoside : Any nucleoside where the sugar component is D-ribose.	6.72	42	0	guanosines; purines D-ribonucleoside	fundamental metabolite
guanosine tetraphosphate Guanosine Tetraphosphate: Guanosine 5'-diphosphate 2'(3')-diphosphate. A guanine nucleotide containing four phosphate groups. Two phosphate groups are esterified to the sugar moiety in the 5' position and the other two in the 2' or 3' position. This nucleotide serves as a messenger to turn off the synthesis of ribosomal RNA when amino acids are not available for protein synthesis. Synonym: magic spot I.. guanosine 3',5'-bis(diphosphate) : A guanosine bisphosphate having diphosphate groups at both the 3' and 5'-positions.	2.03	1	0	guanosine bisphosphate	Escherichia coli metabolite; mouse metabolite
hypoxanthine [no description available]	12.04	25	1	nucleobase analogue; oxopurine; purine nucleobase	fundamental metabolite
inosinic acid Inosine Monophosphate: Inosine 5'-Monophosphate. A purine nucleotide which has hypoxanthine as the base and one phosphate group esterified to the sugar moiety.	6.98	30	0	inosine phosphate; purine ribonucleoside 5'-monophosphate	Escherichia coli metabolite; human metabolite; mouse metabolite
inosine [no description available]	3.54	8	0	inosines; purines D-ribonucleoside	Escherichia coli metabolite; human metabolite; mouse metabolite; Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite
inosine triphosphate Inosine Triphosphate: Inosine 5'-(tetrahydrogen triphosphate). An inosine nucleotide containing three phosphate groups esterified to the sugar moiety. Synonym: IRPPP.	1.98	1	0	inosine phosphate; purine ribonucleoside 5'-triphosphate	Escherichia coli metabolite; human metabolite; mouse metabolite
sapropterin sapropterin: RN given refers to parent cpd; co-factor required for catalytic activity of nitric oxide synthases. (6R)-5,6,7,8-tetrahydrobiopterin : A 5,6,7,8-tetrahydrobiopterin in which the stereocentre at position 6 has R-configuration.. sapropterin : A tetrahydropterin that is 2-amino-5,6,7,8-tetrahydropteridin-4(3H)-one in which a hydrogen at position 6 is substituted by a 1,2-dihydroxypropyl group (6R,1'R,2'S-enantiomer).	4.7	5	0	5,6,7,8-tetrahydrobiopterin	coenzyme; cofactor; diagnostic agent; human metabolite
folic acid folcysteine: used to promote fertility in chickens. vitamin B9 : Any B-vitamin that exhibits biological activity against vitamin B9 deficiency. Vitamin B9 refers to the many forms of folic acid and its derivatives, including tetrahydrofolic acid (the active form), methyltetrahydrofolate (the primary form found in blood), methenyltetrahydrofolate, folinic acid amongst others. They are present in abundance in green leafy vegetables, citrus fruits, and animal products. Lack of vitamin B9 leads to anemia, a condition in which the body cannot produce sufficient number of red blood cells. Symptoms of vitamin B9 deficiency include fatigue, muscle weakness, and pale skin.	10.7	95	1	folic acids; N-acyl-amino acid	human metabolite; mouse metabolite; nutrient
3-methyladenine N3-methyladenine: structure in first source	2.13	1	0
dihydropteroate dihydropteroate: structure. 7,8-dihydropteroic acid : A pteroic acid derivative arising from formal hydrogenation of the 7,8-double bond of pteroic acid.. 7,8-dihydropteroate : A pteroate that is the conjugate base of 7,8-dihydropteroic acid, arising from deprotonation of the carboxy group.	2.4	2	0	pteroic acids
guanosine 5'-o-(3-thiotriphosphate) Guanosine 5'-O-(3-Thiotriphosphate): Guanosine 5'-(trihydrogen diphosphate), monoanhydride with phosphorothioic acid. A stable GTP analog which enjoys a variety of physiological actions such as stimulation of guanine nucleotide-binding proteins, phosphoinositide hydrolysis, cyclic AMP accumulation, and activation of specific proto-oncogenes.	4.94	37	0	nucleoside triphosphate analogue
7,8-dihydrobiopterin 7,8-dihydrobiopterin: RN given refers to (S-(R,S))-isomer. 7,8-dihydrobiopterin : A dihydropterin that is biopterin dihydrogenated at positions 7 and 8.. L-erythro-7,8-dihydrobiopterin : A 7,8-dihydrobiopterin in which the 1,2-dihydroxypropyl group has (1R,2S)-configuration; naturally occurring form.	1.98	1	0	7,8-dihydrobiopterin
isoxanthopterin [no description available]	2	1	0	dihydroxypteridine
pheophytin a pheophytin a: structure given in first source; RN given refers to (3S-(3alpha(2E,7S,11S),4beta,21beta))-isomer	3.43	7	0
neopterin [no description available]	2.02	1	0
3'-guanylic acid 3'-guanylic acid: RN given refers to parent cpd. guanosine 3'-monophosphate : A guanosine 3'-phosphate compound with a monophosphate group at the 3'-position.	1.98	1	0	guanosine 3'-phosphate; purine ribonucleoside 3'-monophosphate	Escherichia coli metabolite
rifampin Rifampin: A semisynthetic antibiotic produced from Streptomyces mediterranei. It has a broad antibacterial spectrum, including activity against several forms of Mycobacterium. In susceptible organisms it inhibits DNA-dependent RNA polymerase activity by forming a stable complex with the enzyme. It thus suppresses the initiation of RNA synthesis. Rifampin is bactericidal, and acts on both intracellular and extracellular organisms. (From Gilman et al., Goodman and Gilman's The Pharmacological Basis of Therapeutics, 9th ed, p1160)	2.99	4	0	cyclic ketal; hydrazone; N-iminopiperazine; N-methylpiperazine; rifamycins; semisynthetic derivative; zwitterion	angiogenesis inhibitor; antiamoebic agent; antineoplastic agent; antitubercular agent; DNA synthesis inhibitor; EC 2.7.7.6 (RNA polymerase) inhibitor; Escherichia coli metabolite; geroprotector; leprostatic drug; neuroprotective agent; pregnane X receptor agonist; protein synthesis inhibitor
clozapine Clozapine: A tricylic dibenzodiazepine, classified as an atypical antipsychotic agent. It binds several types of central nervous system receptors, and displays a unique pharmacological profile. Clozapine is a serotonin antagonist, with strong binding to 5-HT 2A/2C receptor subtype. It also displays strong affinity to several dopaminergic receptors, but shows only weak antagonism at the dopamine D2 receptor, a receptor commonly thought to modulate neuroleptic activity. Agranulocytosis is a major adverse effect associated with administration of this agent.. clozapine : A benzodiazepine that is 5H-dibenzo[b,e][1,4]diazepine substituted by a chloro group at position 8 and a 4-methylpiperazin-1-yl group at position 11. It is a second generation antipsychotic used in the treatment of psychiatric disorders like schizophrenia.	10.89	81	1	benzodiazepine; N-arylpiperazine; N-methylpiperazine; organochlorine compound	adrenergic antagonist; dopaminergic antagonist; EC 3.4.21.26 (prolyl oligopeptidase) inhibitor; environmental contaminant; GABA antagonist; histamine antagonist; muscarinic antagonist; second generation antipsychotic; serotonergic antagonist; xenobiotic
dacarbazine (E)-dacarbazine : A dacarbazine in which the N=N double bond adopts a trans-configuration.	5.11	5	0	dacarbazine
didanosine Didanosine: A dideoxynucleoside compound in which the 3'-hydroxy group on the sugar moiety has been replaced by a hydrogen. This modification prevents the formation of phosphodiester linkages which are needed for the completion of nucleic acid chains. Didanosine is a potent inhibitor of HIV replication, acting as a chain-terminator of viral DNA by binding to reverse transcriptase; ddI is then metabolized to dideoxyadenosine triphosphate, its putative active metabolite.. didanosine : A purine 2',3'-dideoxyribonucleoside that is inosine in which the hydroxy groups at both the 2' and the 3' positions on the sugar moiety have been replaced by hydrogen. An antiviral drug, it is used as a medication to treat HIV/AIDS.	2.05	1	0	purine 2',3'-dideoxyribonucleoside	antimetabolite; antiviral drug; EC 2.4.2.1 (purine-nucleoside phosphorylase) inhibitor; geroprotector; HIV-1 reverse transcriptase inhibitor
ganciclovir [no description available]	9.11	3	1	2-aminopurines; oxopurine	antiinfective agent; antiviral drug
sildenafil sildenafil : A pyrazolo[4,3-d]pyrimidin-7-one having a methyl substituent at the 1-position, a propyl substituent at the 3-position and a 2-ethoxy-5-[(4-methylpiperazin-1-yl)sulfonyl]phenyl group at the 5-position.	2.05	1	0	piperazines; pyrazolopyrimidine; sulfonamide	EC 3.1.4.35 (3',5'-cyclic-GMP phosphodiesterase) inhibitor; vasodilator agent
olanzapine Olanzapine: A benzodiazepine derivative that binds SEROTONIN RECEPTORS; MUSCARINIC RECEPTORS; HISTAMINE H1 RECEPTORS; ADRENERGIC ALPHA-1 RECEPTORS; and DOPAMINE RECEPTORS. It is an antipsychotic agent used in the treatment of SCHIZOPHRENIA; BIPOLAR DISORDER; and MAJOR DEPRESSIVE DISORDER; it may also reduce nausea and vomiting in patients undergoing chemotherapy.. olanzapine : A benzodiazepine that is 10H-thieno[2,3-b][1,5]benzodiazepine substituted by a methyl group at position 2 and a 4-methylpiperazin-1-yl group at position 4.	6.43	12	0	benzodiazepine; N-arylpiperazine; N-methylpiperazine	antiemetic; dopaminergic antagonist; histamine antagonist; muscarinic antagonist; second generation antipsychotic; serotonergic antagonist; serotonin uptake inhibitor
pralidoxime pralidoxime: RN given refers to parent cpd; chloride was minor descriptor (75-80); on-line & Index Medicus search PRALIDOXIME COMPOUNDS (66-80). pralidoxime : A pyridinium ion that is 1-methylpyridinium substituted by a (hydroxyimino)methyl group at position 2.	2.15	1	0	pyridinium ion	antidote to organophosphate poisoning; antidote to sarin poisoning; cholinergic drug; cholinesterase reactivator
penciclovir penciclovir : A member of the class of 2-aminopurines that is guanine in which the hydrogen at position 9 is substituted by a 4-hydroxy-3-(hydroxymethyl)but-1-yl group. An antiviral drug, it is administered topically for treatment of herpes labialis. A prodrug, famciclovir, is used for oral administration.	2.05	1	0	2-aminopurines; propane-1,3-diols	antiviral drug
oxypurinol Oxypurinol: A xanthine oxidase inhibitor.. alloxanthine : A pyrazolopyrimidine that is 4,5,6,7-tetrahydro-H-pyrazolo[3,4-d]pyrimidine substituted by oxo groups at positions 4 and 6.	2.05	1	0	pyrazolopyrimidine	drug metabolite; EC 1.17.3.2 (xanthine oxidase) inhibitor
zaprinast zaprinast: anaphylaxis inhibitor; structure	3.12	5	0	triazolopyrimidines
raltitrexed [no description available]	2.05	1	0	N-acyl-amino acid
5,10-methylenetetrahydrofolic acid 5,10-methylenetetrahydrofolic acid: RN refers to parent cpd(L-Glu)-isomer	2.42	2	0	benzamides; methylenetetrahydrofolic acid
ici 198583 ICI 198583: RN & structure given in first source	2.68	3	0
allopurinol Allopurinol: A XANTHINE OXIDASE inhibitor that decreases URIC ACID production. It also acts as an antimetabolite on some simpler organisms.. allopurinol : A bicyclic structure comprising a pyrazole ring fused to a hydroxy-substituted pyrimidine ring.	5.71	26	0	nucleobase analogue; organic heterobicyclic compound	antimetabolite; EC 1.17.3.2 (xanthine oxidase) inhibitor; gout suppressant; radical scavenger
noc 7 3-(2-hydroxy-1-methyl-2-nitrosohydrazino)-N-methyl-1-propanamine: inhibits the secretion of adrenal catecholamines induced by splanchnic nerve stimulation through activation of BK(Ca) channels	2.7	3	0
2,2'-(hydroxynitrosohydrazono)bis-ethanamine 2,2'-(hydroxynitrosohydrazono)bis-ethanamine: a nitric oxide (NO) generating compound. 1,1-bis(2-aminoethyl)-2-hydroxy-3-oxotriazane : A nitroso compound that is triazane in which the the nitrogen at position 1 is substituted by two 2-aminoethyl groups, that at position 2 is substituted by a hydroxy group, and that at position 3 is substituted by an oxo group.	2.78	3	0
noc-5 1-hydroxy-2-oxo-3-(3-aminopropyl)-3-isopropyl-1-triazene: a nitric oxide donor compound. NOC-5 : A nitroso compound that is triazane in which the nitrogen at position 1 is substituted by an isopropyl group and a 3-aminopropyl group, that at position 2 is substituted by a hydroxy group, and that at position 3 is substituted by an oxo group. It is a nitric oxide donor.	2.03	1	0
leucovorin 5-formyltetrahydrofolic acid : A formyltetrahydrofolic acid in which the formyl group is located at position 5.	2.05	1	0	formyltetrahydrofolic acid	Escherichia coli metabolite; mouse metabolite
guanylyl imidodiphosphate Guanylyl Imidodiphosphate: A non-hydrolyzable analog of GTP, in which the oxygen atom bridging the beta to the gamma phosphate is replaced by a nitrogen atom. It binds tightly to G-protein in the presence of Mg2+. The nucleotide is a potent stimulator of ADENYLYL CYCLASES.. guanosine 5'-[beta,gamma-imido]triphosphate : A nucleoside triphosphate analogue that is GTP in which the oxygen atom bridging the beta- to the gamma- phosphate is replaced by a nitrogen atom A non-hydrolyzable analog of GTP, it binds tightly to G-protein in the presence of Mg(2+).	3.79	11	0	nucleoside triphosphate analogue
xanthopterin [no description available]	7.35	2	0
10-formyldihydropteroylglutamate 10-formyldihydropteroylglutamate: metabolite of folic acid	2.01	1	0
5,10-methenyltetrahydrofolate (6R)-5,10-methenyltetrahydrofolic acid : The 5,10-methenyl derivative of tetrahydrofolic acid arising from enzymatic cyclisation of 5-formyltetrahydrofolic acid.	1.97	1	0	methylenetetrahydrofolic acid	Escherichia coli metabolite; mouse metabolite
noc 18 NOC 18: releases nitric oxide; structure in first source	2.4	2	0
alanosine [no description available]	2.52	2	0
2-amino-4-hydroxy-6-formylpteridine 2-amino-4-hydroxy-6-formylpteridine: pteridine precursor in biosynthesis of dihydropteroate; structure. 6-formylpterin : Pterin carrying a formyl group at position 6.	2.01	1	0	aldehyde; pterins	EC 1.17.3.2 (xanthine oxidase) inhibitor; reactive oxygen species generator
forodesine forodesine: structure in first source	2.01	1	0	dihydroxypyrrolidine; pyrrolopyrimidine
guanosine 5'-o-(2-thiodiphosphate) [no description available]	4.32	19	0	nucleoside diphosphate analogue
pemetrexed pemetrexed disodium : An organic sodium salt that is the disodium salt of N-{4-[2-(2-amino-4-oxo-4,7-dihydro-1H-pyrrolo[2,3-d]pyrimidin-5-yl)ethyl]benzoyl}-L-glutamic acid. Inhibits thymidylate synthase (TS), 421 dihydrofolate reductase (DHFR), and glycinamide ribonucleotide formyltransferase (GARFT).	2.06	1	0	N-acyl-L-glutamic acid; pyrrolopyrimidine	antimetabolite; antineoplastic agent; EC 1.5.1.3 (dihydrofolate reductase) inhibitor; EC 2.1.1.45 (thymidylate synthase) inhibitor; EC 2.1.2.2 (phosphoribosylglycinamide formyltransferase) inhibitor
tirapazamine Tirapazamine: A triazine derivative that introduces breaks into DNA strands in hypoxic cells, sensitizing tumor cells to the cytotoxic activity of other drugs and radiation.. tirapazamine : A member of the class of benzotriazines that is 1,2,4-benzotriazine carrying an amino substituent at position 3 and two oxido substituents at positions 1 and 4.	2.05	1	0	aromatic amine; benzotriazines; N-oxide	antibacterial agent; antineoplastic agent; apoptosis inducer
sildenafil citrate Sildenafil Citrate: A PHOSPHODIESTERASE TYPE-5 INHIBITOR; VASODILATOR AGENT and UROLOGICAL AGENT that is used in the treatment of ERECTILE DYSFUNCTION and PRIMARY PULMONARY HYPERTENSION.. sildenafil citrate : The citrate salt of sildenafil.	5.87	4	2	citrate salt	EC 3.1.4.35 (3',5'-cyclic-GMP phosphodiesterase) inhibitor; vasodilator agent
spd 502 SPD 502: structure in first source	2.03	1	0
pyrazofurin pirazofurin : A C-glycosyl compound that is 4-hydroxy-1H-pyrazole-5-carboxamide in which the hydrogen at position 3 has been replaced by a beta-D-ribofuranosyl group.	1.96	1	0	C-glycosyl compound; pyrazoles	antimetabolite; antimicrobial agent; antineoplastic agent; EC 4.1.1.23 (orotidine-5'-phosphate decarboxylase) inhibitor
vardenafil dihydrochloride Vardenafil Dihydrochloride: A piperazine derivative, PHOSPHODIESTERASE 5 INHIBITOR and VASODILATOR AGENT that is used as a UROLOGICAL AGENT in the treatment of ERECTILE DYSFUNCTION.	3.5	1	1
rifabutin [no description available]	2.05	1	0
5,6,7,8-tetrahydrofolic acid 5,6,7,8-tetrahydrofolic acid: RN given refers to (DL)-isomer	5.01	13	0	tetrahydrofolic acid
way 200070 WAY 200070: a neuroprotective agent; structure in first source	2.13	1	0
direct yellow 4 dye Direct Yellow 4 dye: RN given refers to parent cpd	2.1	1	0
8-bromocyclic gmp 8-bromo-3',5'-cyclic GMP : A 3',5'-cyclic purine nucleotide that is 3',5'-cyclic GMP bearing an additional bromo substituent at position 8 on the guanine ring. A membrane permeable cGMP analogue that activates protein kinase G (PKG). It is 4.3-fold more potent than cGMP in activating PKG1alpha and promotes relaxation of tracheal and vascular smooth muscle tissue in vitro.	4.35	20	0	3',5'-cyclic purine nucleotide; organobromine compound	muscle relaxant; protein kinase G agonist
8-hydroxyguanine 7,8-dihydro-8-oxoguanine: was substituted for guanine at G(8), G(9), G(14), or G(15) in the human telomeric oligonucleotide 5'-d[AGGGTTAG(8)G(9)GTT AG(14)G(15)GTTAGGGTGT]-3'. 7,8-dihydro-8-oxoguanine : An oxopurine that is guanine in which the hydrogen at position 8 is replaced by an oxo group and in which the nitrogens at positions 7 and 9 each bear a hydrogen.	4.14	3	1	oxopurine
trypan blue Trypan Blue: A diazo-naphthalene sulfonate that is widely used as a stain.. trypan blue : An organosulfonate salt that is the tetrasodium salt of 3,3'-[(3,3'-dimethylbiphenyl-4,4'-diyl)didiazene-2,1-diyl]bis(5-amino-4-hydroxynaphthalene-2,7-disulfonic acid).	5.33	13	1
nicotinamide-hypoxanthine dinucleotide [no description available]	1.96	1	0
n(2),n(2),7-trimethylguanosine [no description available]	2.02	1	0	methylguanosine
cyclic guanosine diphosphate-ribose cyclic guanosine diphosphate-ribose: structure in first source; cyclic GDP-ribose is refractory to the cADPR-hydrolyase activity of ADP-ribosyl cyclases	2.03	1	0
methylnitronitrosoguanidine Methylnitronitrosoguanidine: A nitrosoguanidine derivative with potent mutagenic and carcinogenic properties.. N-methyl-N'-nitro-N-nitrosoguanidine : An N-nitroguanidine compound having nitroso and methyl substituents at the N'-position	3.39	7	0	nitroso compound	alkylating agent
bis(3',5')-cyclic diguanylic acid [no description available]	2.81	3	0	cyclic purine dinucleotide; guanyl ribonucleotide	immunomodulator; signalling molecule
8-hydroxy-2'-deoxyguanosine 8-Hydroxy-2'-Deoxyguanosine: Common oxidized form of deoxyguanosine in which C-8 position of guanine base has a carbonyl group.. 8-hydroxy-2'-deoxyguanosine : Guanosine substituted at the purine 8-position by a hydroxy group. It is used as a biomarker of oxidative DNA damage.	3.84	11	0	guanosines	biomarker
asoxime chloride [no description available]	1.98	1	0
arsenazo iii Arsenazo III: Metallochrome indicator that changes color when complexed to the calcium ion under physiological conditions. It is used to measure local calcium ion concentrations in vivo.	1.96	1	0
bspt salt [no description available]	1.98	1	0
clozapine n-oxide clozapine N-oxide: structure given in first source	3.45	6	0	dibenzodiazepine
coelenterazine coelenterazine: active group in AEQUORIN, a coelenterate luciferin. Oplophorus luciferin : An imidazopyrazine that is imidazo[1,2-a]pyrazin-3(7H)-one in which positions 2, 6, and 8 are substituted by 4-hydroxybenzyl, 4-hydroxyphenyl, and benzyl groups, respectively.	1.98	1	0
8-((4-chlorophenyl)thio)cyclic-3',5'-gmp 8-(4-chlorophenylthio)-cGMP : A 3',5'-cyclic purine nucleotide that is 3',5'-cyclic GMP in which the hydrogen at position 2 on the purine fragment is replaced by a 4-chlorophenylthio group.	2.43	2	0	3',5'-cyclic purine nucleotide; aryl sulfide; organochlorine compound; ribonucleotide	protein kinase agonist
guanylyl-(3'-5')-uridine [no description available]	1.98	1	0
7-methylguanosine 7-methylguanosine : A positively charged methylguanosine in which a single methyl substituent is located at position 7.	2.39	2	0	methylguanosine; organic cation	metabolite
immucillin g immucillin G: structure in first source	2.01	1	0	dihydroxypyrrolidine; pyrrolopyrimidine
prodigiosin Prodigiosin: 4-Methoxy-5-((5-methyl-4-pentyl-2H-pyrrol-2-ylidene)methyl)- 2,2'-bi-1H-pyrrole. A toxic, bright red tripyrrole pigment from Serratia marcescens and others. It has antibacterial, anticoccidial, antimalarial, and antifungal activities, but is used mainly as a biochemical tool.. prodigiosin : A member of the class of tripyrroles that is a red-coloured pigment with antibiotic properties produced by Serratia marcescens.	2.05	1	0
2'-guanylic acid 2'-guanylic acid: RN given refers to parent cpd. guanosine 2'-monophosphate : A purine ribonucleoside 2'-monophosphate having guanine as the nucleobase.	1.98	1	0	purine ribonucleoside 2'-monophosphate	EC 3.1.27.3 (ribonuclease T1) inhibitor
7-methylguanosine 5'-diphosphate 7-methylguanosine 5'-diphosphate : A guanosine 5'-phosphate that consists of guanosine 5'-diphosphate bearing a 7-methyl substituent and having a negatively charged diphosphate group.. 7-methylguanosine 5'-diphosphate(1+) : A guanosine 5'-phosphate that consists of guanosine 5'-diphosphate bearing a 7-methyl substituent.	2.04	1	0	guanosine 5'-phosphate
s-adenosylmethionine 5-deazafolic acid: structure given in first source	2	1	0
eriochrome black t [no description available]	2.13	1	0
formycins Formycins: Pyrazolopyrimidine ribonucleosides isolated from Nocardia interforma. They are antineoplastic antibiotics with cytostatic properties.	1.98	1	0
pteroylpentaglutamic acid [no description available]	1.98	1	0	organic molecular entity
5-methyltetrahydrofolate 5-methyltetrahydrofolate : A group of heterocyclic compounds based on the 5-methyl-5,6,7,8-tetrahydropteroic acid skeleton conjugated with one or more L-glutamic acid or L-glutamate units.	3.23	6	0
mocimycin mocimycin: induces GTPase activity of EF-TU; N-demethyl analog of antibiotic X-5108; structure	2.01	1	0	C-glycosyl compound
ns 257 NS 257: structure in first source; AMPA receptor antagonist	2.69	3	0
9-arabinofuranosylguanine 9-arabinofuranosylguanine: RN given refers to (beta)-isomer. 9-beta-D-arabinofuranosylguanine : A purine nucleoside in which guanine is attached to arabinofuranose via a beta-N(9)-glycosidic bond. It inhibits DNA synthesis and causes cell death.	1.96	1	0	beta-D-arabinoside; purine nucleoside	antineoplastic agent; DNA synthesis inhibitor
ns 309 6,7-dichloro-1H-indole-2,3-dione 3-oxime: activates IK and SK calcium-activated channels; structure in first source	2.06	1	0
papa nonoate [no description available]	2.95	4	0	alkylamine
undecylprodigiosin prodigiosin 25C: red pigment produced by Streptomyces hiroshimensis; potent immunosuppressive agent with its primary effect on functions of T cells; structure given in first source. undecylprodigiosin : A member of the class of tripyrroles that is 1H-pyrrole substituted by (4'-methoxy-1H,5'H-[2,2'-bipyrrol]-5'-ylidene)methyl and undecyl groups at positions 2 and 5, respectively. It is a pigment produced by Stveptomyces coelicolor.	2.05	1	0	alkaloid; aromatic ether; tripyrrole	antibacterial agent; antineoplastic agent; apoptosis inducer; bacterial metabolite; biological pigment; immunosuppressive agent; radiosensitizing agent
imidacloprid imidacloprid: systemic & contact insecticide exhibiting low mammalian toxicity; structure given in first source; it is one of the neonicotinoid insecticides, which acts as an antagonist by binding to postsynaptic nicotinic receptors in the insect central nervous system. imidacloprid : An imidazolidine that is N-nitroimidazolidin-2-imine bearing a (6-chloro-3-pyridinyl)methyl substituent at position 1.	2.25	1	0	imidacloprid; imidazolidines; monochloropyridine	environmental contaminant; genotoxin; neonicotinoid insectide; nicotinic acetylcholine receptor agonist; xenobiotic
nucleoside q Nucleoside Q: A modified nucleoside which is present in the first position of the anticodon of tRNA-tyrosine, tRNA-histidine, tRNA-asparagine and tRNA-aspartic acid of many organisms. It is believed to play a role in the regulatory function of tRNA. Nucleoside Q can be further modified to nucleoside Q*, which has a mannose or galactose moiety linked to position 4 of its cyclopentenediol moiety.. queuosine : A nucleoside found in tRNA that has an additional cyclopentenyl ring added via an NH group to the methyl group of 7-methyl-7-deazaguanosine. The cyclopentenyl ring may carry other substituents.	2.43	2	0	7-deazaguanine ribonucleoside
pteropterin [no description available]	1.92	1	0
heme arginate heme arginate: used for treatment of porphyria; induces heme oxygenase	1.99	1	0
pp242 torkinib : A member of the class of pyrazolopyrimidines that is 1H-pyrazolo[3,4-d]pyrimidine substituted by isopropyl, 5-hydroxyindol-2-yl and amino groups at positions 1, 3 and 4 respectively. It is a potent inhibitor of mTOR and exhibits anti-cancer properties.	2.11	1	0	aromatic amine; biaryl; hydroxyindoles; phenols; primary amino compound; pyrazolopyrimidine	antineoplastic agent; mTOR inhibitor
2',3'-dideoxyguanosine 5'-triphosphate [no description available]	2.39	2	0
5-(n-4-chlorobenzyl)-n-(2',4'-dimethyl)benzamil [no description available]	1.97	1	0
dibutyryl cyclic gmp Dibutyryl Cyclic GMP: N-(1-Oxobutyl)-cyclic 3',5'-(hydrogen phosphate)-2'-butanoate guanosine. A derivative of cyclic GMP. It has a higher resistance to extracellular and intracellular phosphodiesterase than cyclic GMP.	2.67	3	0
fenobam fenobam: in USAN fenobam refers to monohydrate	2.17	1	0	ureas
diazo-2 diazo-2: calcium chelator	2.08	1	0
betaxanthin betaxanthin: structure in first source	2.02	1	0
cyanine dye 3 cyanine dye 3: structures of Cy3 derivatives given in first source	2.03	1	0
3'-(methylanthraniloyl)-2'-deoxy-guanosine diphosphate [no description available]	2.02	1	0
batrachotoxinin a 20-alpha-benzoate [no description available]	2.92	4	0
lipoteichoic acid lipoteichoic acid: lipopolysaccharides with an acyl group anchored to the cell membrane of gram-positive bacteria; functions as an adhesion molecule to facilitate the binding of bacteria to cells, colonization, and invasion; interacts with CD14 to induce NF-κB activation and inflammatory cytokine production; can function as surface antigen; inhibits remineraliztion of artificial lesions and surface-softened enamels;. lipoteichoic acid : A teichoic acid which is covalently bound to a lipid.	2.43	2	0
avermectin avermectin: produced by actinomycete, Streptomyces avermitilis; structure; see also records for specific avermectins. avermectin : Any of the macrolides obtained as fermentation products from the bacterium Streptomyces avermitilis and consisting of a 16-membered macrocyclic backbone that is fused both benzofuran and spiroketal functions and contains a disaccharide substituent. They have significant anthelmintic and insecticidal properties.	3.41	7	0
eye [no description available]	5.71	15	0
potassium magnesium aspartate Potassium Magnesium Aspartate: An intra-extracellular electrolyte exchange agent with a variety of effects.	1.96	1	0
maltodextrin maltodextrin : A dextrin in which the D-glucose units are linked by alpha-(1->4) glycosidic bonds.	7.17	1	0
cycloviolacin o2 cycloviolacin O2: macrocyclic peptide (cyclotide) from the two violets, Viola arvensis Murr. and Viola odorata (Violaceae); amino acid sequence in first source	7.44	2	0
lariatin a lariatin A: an antimycobacterial agent; isolated from Rhodococcus; structure in first source	2.03	1	0
acetylcellulose acetylcellulose: coating compound. cellulose acetate : A glucan derivative obtained through the esterification of cellulose by acetic anhydride or acetic acid, resulting in the substitution of some of the hydroxy groups of cellulose by acetyl groups. It is used in a variety of applications including base material for photographic film, clothing, membrane filters, coatings, food packaging, and as a frame material for eyeglasses.	1.98	1	0
prolyl-glycyl-proline [no description available]	2.46	2	0	peptide
carbidopa Carbidopa: An inhibitor of DOPA DECARBOXYLASE that prevents conversion of LEVODOPA to dopamine. It is used in PARKINSON DISEASE to reduce peripheral adverse effects of LEVODOPA. It has no anti-parkinson activity by itself.. carbidopa : The hydrate of 3-(3,4-dihydroxyphenyl)propanoic acid in which the hydrogens alpha- to the carboxyl group are substituted by hydrazinyl and methyl groups (S-configuration). Carbidopa is a dopa decarboxylase inhibitor, so prevents conversion of levodopa to dopamine. It has no antiparkinson activity by itself, but is used in the management of Parkinson's disease to reduce peripheral adverse effects of levodopa.	3.44	1	1
pd 135158 PD 135158: selective cholecystokinin type B receptor agonist; structure given in first source	1.99	1	0
ego [no description available]	3.64	1	1
concanavalin a Concanavalin A: A MANNOSE/GLUCOSE binding lectin isolated from the jack bean (Canavalia ensiformis). It is a potent mitogen used to stimulate cell proliferation in lymphocytes, primarily T-lymphocyte, cultures.	6.08	39	0
trypsinogen Trypsinogen: The inactive proenzyme of trypsin secreted by the pancreas, activated in the duodenum via cleavage by enteropeptidase. (Stedman, 25th ed)	1.97	1	0
metallothionein Metallothionein: A low-molecular-weight (approx. 10 kD) protein occurring in the cytoplasm of kidney cortex and liver. It is rich in cysteinyl residues and contains no aromatic amino acids. Metallothionein shows high affinity for bivalent heavy metals.	3.1	5	0
peptaibolin peptaibolin: a peptaibol from Sepedonium strains; structure in first source	2.31	1	0
yo-pro 1 YO-PRO 1: a generally membrane impermeable fluorescent dye	2.73	3	0
dinitrobenzenes Dinitrobenzenes: Benzene derivatives which are substituted with two nitro groups in the ortho, meta or para positions.	3.76	3	0
biphenylylacetic acid biphenylylacetic acid: metabolite of BHD 7538; RN given refers to cpd with unspecified locants for acetic acid moities	2.01	1	0
2',7'-bis-(2-carboxyethyl)-5(6)-carboxyfluorescein acetoxymethyl ester 2',7'-bis-(2-carboxyethyl)-5(6)-carboxyfluorescein acetoxymethyl ester: structure given in first source	2.69	3	0
2',7'-bis(carboxyethyl)-5(6)-carboxyfluorescein [no description available]	3.61	9	0
phosphorus radioisotopes Phosphorus Radioisotopes: Unstable isotopes of phosphorus that decay or disintegrate emitting radiation. P atoms with atomic weights 28-34 except 31 are radioactive phosphorus isotopes.	3.24	6	0
galanin-like peptide Galanin-Like Peptide: A neuropeptide that is highly homologous to GALANIN. It is produced by proteolytic processing of a larger protein that is unrelated to prepro-galanin and preferentially binds to GALANIN-2 RECEPTOR.	2.5	2	0
preproenkephalin preproenkephalin: initial enkephalin precursor	3.95	13	0
leptin Leptin: A 16-kDa peptide hormone secreted from WHITE ADIPOCYTES. Leptin serves as a feedback signal from fat cells to the CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM in regulation of food intake, energy balance, and fat storage.	4.92	34	0
pyrimidinones Pyrimidinones: Heterocyclic compounds known as 2-pyrimidones (or 2-hydroxypyrimidines) and 4-pyrimidones (or 4-hydroxypyrimidines) with the general formula C4H4N2O.	4.26	17	0
pustulan [no description available]	2.03	1	0
tetrafluoroaluminate tetrafluoroaluminate: induces inositol phosphate formation	1.98	1	0
pneumocandin b(0) pneumocandin B(0): structure given in first source; isolated from Zalerion arboricola	1.98	1	0
filipin Filipin: A complex of polyene antibiotics obtained from Streptomyces filipinensis. Filipin III alters membrane function by interfering with membrane sterols, inhibits mitochondrial respiration, and is proposed as an antifungal agent. Filipins I, II, and IV are less important.	2.7	3	0
phenanthrenes Phenanthrenes: POLYCYCLIC AROMATIC HYDROCARBONS composed of three fused BENZENE rings.. phenanthrenes : Any benzenoid aromatic compound that consists of a phenanthrene skeleton and its substituted derivatives thereof.	3.44	7	0

Condition	Indicated	Relationship Strength	Studies	Trials
Leukemia L 1210 [description not available]	0	3.68	10	0
Coronary Heart Disease [description not available]	0	14.62	33	2
Coronary Disease An imbalance between myocardial functional requirements and the capacity of the CORONARY VESSELS to supply sufficient blood flow. It is a form of MYOCARDIAL ISCHEMIA (insufficient blood supply to the heart muscle) caused by a decreased capacity of the coronary vessels.	0	9.62	33	2
Nervous System Disorders [description not available]	0	15.45	138	2
Nervous System Diseases Diseases of the central and peripheral nervous system. This includes disorders of the brain, spinal cord, cranial nerves, peripheral nerves, nerve roots, autonomic nervous system, neuromuscular junction, and muscle.	0	15.45	138	2
Acute Liver Injury, Drug-Induced [description not available]	0	3.27	6	0
Chemical and Drug Induced Liver Injury A spectrum of clinical liver diseases ranging from mild biochemical abnormalities to ACUTE LIVER FAILURE, caused by drugs, drug metabolites, herbal and dietary supplements and chemicals from the environment.	0	3.27	6	0
Nerve Pain [description not available]	0	15.91	114	9
Neuralgia Intense or aching pain that occurs along the course or distribution of a peripheral or cranial nerve.	0	15.91	114	9
Breast Cancer [description not available]	0	9.81	82	1
Breast Neoplasms Tumors or cancer of the human BREAST.	0	9.81	82	1
Anemia, Fanconi [description not available]	0	2.13	1	0
Fanconi Anemia Congenital disorder affecting all bone marrow elements, resulting in ANEMIA; LEUKOPENIA; and THROMBOPENIA, and associated with cardiac, renal, and limb malformations as well as dermal pigmentary changes. Spontaneous CHROMOSOME BREAKAGE is a feature of this disease along with predisposition to LEUKEMIA. There are at least 7 complementation groups in Fanconi anemia: FANCA, FANCB, FANCC, FANCD1, FANCD2, FANCE, FANCF, FANCG, and FANCL. (from Online Mendelian Inheritance in Man, http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/dispomim.cgi?id=227650, August 20, 2004)	0	2.13	1	0
Benign Neoplasms [description not available]	0	14.44	113	2
Neoplasms New abnormal growth of tissue. Malignant neoplasms show a greater degree of anaplasia and have the properties of invasion and metastasis, compared to benign neoplasms.	0	19.44	113	2
Contact Dermatitis [description not available]	0	7.37	2	0
Disease Models, Animal Naturally-occurring or experimentally-induced animal diseases with pathological processes analogous to human diseases.	0	20.31	1,895	1
Itching [description not available]	0	5.03	13	0
Dermatitis, Contact A type of acute or chronic skin reaction in which sensitivity is manifested by reactivity to materials or substances coming in contact with the skin. It may involve allergic or non-allergic mechanisms.	0	2.37	2	0
Pruritus An intense itching sensation that produces the urge to rub or scratch the skin to obtain relief.	0	5.03	13	0
Congenital Zika Syndrome [description not available]	0	4.4	6	0
Zika Virus Infection A viral disease transmitted by the bite of AEDES mosquitoes infected with ZIKA VIRUS. Its mild DENGUE-like symptoms include fever, rash, headaches and ARTHRALGIA. The viral infection during pregnancy, in rare cases, is associated with congenital brain and ocular abnormalities, called Congenital Zika Syndrome, including MICROCEPHALY and may also lead to GUILLAIN-BARRE SYNDROME.	0	4.4	6	0
Gastric Ulcer [description not available]	0	4.36	7	0
Stomach Ulcer Ulceration of the GASTRIC MUCOSA due to contact with GASTRIC JUICE. It is often associated with HELICOBACTER PYLORI infection or consumption of nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDS).	0	4.36	7	0
Morphine Abuse [description not available]	0	5.89	37	0
Morphine Dependence Strong dependence, both physiological and emotional, upon morphine.	0	5.89	37	0
Cancer of Prostate [description not available]	0	10.02	38	1
Prostatic Neoplasms Tumors or cancer of the PROSTATE.	0	10.02	38	1
Anxiety Feelings or emotions of dread, apprehension, and impending disaster but not disabling as with ANXIETY DISORDERS.	0	18.91	198	2
Astrocytosis [description not available]	0	9.1	79	0
Absence Seizure [description not available]	0	15.6	483	1
Seizures Clinical or subclinical disturbances of cortical function due to a sudden, abnormal, excessive, and disorganized discharge of brain cells. Clinical manifestations include abnormal motor, sensory and psychic phenomena. Recurrent seizures are usually referred to as EPILEPSY or seizure disorder.	0	15.6	483	1
Acute Confusional Senile Dementia [description not available]	0	18.4	517	5
Alzheimer Disease A degenerative disease of the BRAIN characterized by the insidious onset of DEMENTIA. Impairment of MEMORY, judgment, attention span, and problem solving skills are followed by severe APRAXIAS and a global loss of cognitive abilities. The condition primarily occurs after age 60, and is marked pathologically by severe cortical atrophy and the triad of SENILE PLAQUES; NEUROFIBRILLARY TANGLES; and NEUROPIL THREADS. (From Adams et al., Principles of Neurology, 6th ed, pp1049-57)	0	23.4	517	5
Astrocytoma, Grade IV [description not available]	0	11.54	67	1
Glioblastoma A malignant form of astrocytoma histologically characterized by pleomorphism of cells, nuclear atypia, microhemorrhage, and necrosis. They may arise in any region of the central nervous system, with a predilection for the cerebral hemispheres, basal ganglia, and commissural pathways. Clinical presentation most frequently occurs in the fifth or sixth decade of life with focal neurologic signs or seizures.	0	16.54	67	1
Degenerative Diseases, Central Nervous System [description not available]	0	14.33	234	0
Neurodegenerative Diseases Hereditary and sporadic conditions which are characterized by progressive nervous system dysfunction. These disorders are often associated with atrophy of the affected central or peripheral nervous system structures.	0	14.33	234	0
Post-Natal Depression [description not available]	0	3.42	6	0
Pregnancy The status during which female mammals carry their developing young (EMBRYOS or FETUSES) in utero before birth, beginning from FERTILIZATION to BIRTH.	0	16.69	636	4
Depression, Postpartum Depression in POSTPARTUM WOMEN, usually within four weeks after giving birth (PARTURITION). The degree of depression ranges from mild transient depression to neurotic or psychotic depressive disorders. (From DSM-IV, p386)	0	3.42	6	0
Child Mental Disorders [description not available]	0	5.55	7	0
Neurodevelopmental Disorders These are a group of conditions with onset in the developmental period. The disorders typically manifest early in development, often before the child enters grade school, and are characterized by developmental deficits that produce impairments of personal, social, academic, or occupational functioning. (From DSM-5).	0	5.55	7	0
Avian Diseases [description not available]	0	2.46	2	0
Innate Inflammatory Response [description not available]	0	16.27	251	2
Inflammation A pathological process characterized by injury or destruction of tissues caused by a variety of cytologic and chemical reactions. It is usually manifested by typical signs of pain, heat, redness, swelling, and loss of function.	0	16.27	251	2
Depression Depressive states usually of moderate intensity in contrast with MAJOR DEPRESSIVE DISORDER present in neurotic and psychotic disorders.	0	15.88	249	3
Cerebral Infarction, Middle Cerebral Artery [description not available]	0	11.09	166	3
Injury, Ischemia-Reperfusion [description not available]	0	10.63	186	0
Reperfusion Injury Adverse functional, metabolic, or structural changes in tissues that result from the restoration of blood flow to the tissue (REPERFUSION) following ISCHEMIA.	0	10.63	186	0
Infarction, Middle Cerebral Artery NECROSIS occurring in the MIDDLE CEREBRAL ARTERY distribution system which brings blood to the entire lateral aspects of each CEREBRAL HEMISPHERE. Clinical signs include impaired cognition; APHASIA; AGRAPHIA; weak and numbness in the face and arms, contralaterally or bilaterally depending on the infarction.	0	11.09	166	3
Disease Exacerbation [description not available]	0	14.56	163	4
Fatty Liver, Nonalcoholic [description not available]	0	5.63	9	0
Insulin Sensitivity [description not available]	0	9.38	45	0
Insulin Resistance Diminished effectiveness of INSULIN in lowering blood sugar levels: requiring the use of 200 units or more of insulin per day to prevent HYPERGLYCEMIA or KETOSIS.	0	9.38	45	0
Non-alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease Fatty liver finding without excessive ALCOHOL CONSUMPTION.	0	5.63	9	0
Autism Spectrum Disorder Wide continuum of associated cognitive and neurobehavioral disorders, including, but not limited to, three core-defining features: impairments in socialization, impairments in verbal and nonverbal communication, and restricted and repetitive patterns of behaviors. (from DSM-V)	0	13.18	82	5
Benign Meningeal Neoplasms [description not available]	0	5.04	9	1
Angioblastic Meningioma [description not available]	0	5.12	10	1
Meningeal Neoplasms Benign and malignant neoplastic processes that arise from or secondarily involve the meningeal coverings of the brain and spinal cord.	0	5.04	9	1
Meningioma A relatively common neoplasm of the CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM that arises from arachnoidal cells. The majority are well differentiated vascular tumors which grow slowly and have a low potential to be invasive, although malignant subtypes occur. Meningiomas have a predilection to arise from the parasagittal region, cerebral convexity, sphenoidal ridge, olfactory groove, and SPINAL CANAL. (From DeVita et al., Cancer: Principles and Practice of Oncology, 5th ed, pp2056-7)	0	5.12	10	1
Benign Infantile Myoclonic Epilepsy [description not available]	0	3.49	7	0
Epilepsies, Myoclonic A clinically diverse group of epilepsy syndromes characterized either by myoclonic seizures or by myoclonus in association with other seizure types. Myoclonic epilepsy syndromes are divided into three subtypes based on etiology: familial, cryptogenic, and symptomatic.	0	3.49	7	0
Apoplexy [description not available]	0	16.82	201	7
Acute Ischemic Stroke [description not available]	0	8.29	21	1
Cerebral Ischemia [description not available]	0	19.45	792	10
Ischemic Stroke Stroke due to BRAIN ISCHEMIA resulting in interruption or reduction of blood flow to a part of the brain. When obstruction is due to a BLOOD CLOT formed within in a cerebral blood vessel it is a thrombotic stroke. When obstruction is formed elsewhere and moved to block a cerebral blood vessel (see CEREBRAL EMBOLISM) it is referred to as embolic stroke. Wake-up stroke refers to ischemic stroke occurring during sleep while cryptogenic stroke refers to ischemic stroke of unknown origin.	0	8.29	21	1
Brain Ischemia Localized reduction of blood flow to brain tissue due to arterial obstruction or systemic hypoperfusion. This frequently occurs in conjunction with brain hypoxia (HYPOXIA, BRAIN). Prolonged ischemia is associated with BRAIN INFARCTION.	0	19.45	792	10
Stroke A group of pathological conditions characterized by sudden, non-convulsive loss of neurological function due to BRAIN ISCHEMIA or INTRACRANIAL HEMORRHAGES. Stroke is classified by the type of tissue NECROSIS, such as the anatomic location, vasculature involved, etiology, age of the affected individual, and hemorrhagic vs. non-hemorrhagic nature. (From Adams et al., Principles of Neurology, 6th ed, pp777-810)	0	21.82	201	7
Idiopathic Parkinson Disease [description not available]	0	17.1	235	6
Parkinson Disease A progressive, degenerative neurologic disease characterized by a TREMOR that is maximal at rest, retropulsion (i.e. a tendency to fall backwards), rigidity, stooped posture, slowness of voluntary movements, and a masklike facial expression. Pathologic features include loss of melanin containing neurons in the substantia nigra and other pigmented nuclei of the brainstem. LEWY BODIES are present in the substantia nigra and locus coeruleus but may also be found in a related condition (LEWY BODY DISEASE, DIFFUSE) characterized by dementia in combination with varying degrees of parkinsonism. (Adams et al., Principles of Neurology, 6th ed, p1059, pp1067-75)	0	17.1	235	6
Cataract, Membranous [description not available]	0	4.12	15	0
Chronic Primary Open Angle Glaucoma [description not available]	0	5.38	13	0
Glaucoma, Angle Closure [description not available]	0	2.94	4	0
Cataract Partial or complete opacity on or in the lens or capsule of one or both eyes, impairing vision or causing blindness. The many kinds of cataract are classified by their morphology (size, shape, location) or etiology (cause and time of occurrence). (Dorland, 27th ed)	0	4.12	15	0
Glaucoma, Open-Angle Glaucoma in which the angle of the anterior chamber is open and the trabecular meshwork does not encroach on the base of the iris.	0	5.38	13	0
Intraocular Pressure The pressure of the fluids in the eye.	0	8.9	47	0
Glaucoma, Angle-Closure A form of glaucoma in which the intraocular pressure increases because the angle of the anterior chamber is blocked and the aqueous humor cannot drain from the anterior chamber.	0	2.94	4	0
Acute Relapsing Multiple Sclerosis [description not available]	0	4.09	14	0
Multiple Sclerosis, Relapsing-Remitting The most common clinical variant of MULTIPLE SCLEROSIS, characterized by recurrent acute exacerbations of neurologic dysfunction followed by partial or complete recovery. Common clinical manifestations include loss of visual (see OPTIC NEURITIS), motor, sensory, or bladder function. Acute episodes of demyelination may occur at any site in the central nervous system, and commonly involve the optic nerves, spinal cord, brain stem, and cerebellum. (Adams et al., Principles of Neurology, 6th ed, pp903-914)	0	4.09	14	0
Experimental Neoplasms [description not available]	0	5.1	17	0
Aura [description not available]	0	17.67	483	6
Epilepsy A disorder characterized by recurrent episodes of paroxysmal brain dysfunction due to a sudden, disorderly, and excessive neuronal discharge. Epilepsy classification systems are generally based upon: (1) clinical features of the seizure episodes (e.g., motor seizure), (2) etiology (e.g., post-traumatic), (3) anatomic site of seizure origin (e.g., frontal lobe seizure), (4) tendency to spread to other structures in the brain, and (5) temporal patterns (e.g., nocturnal epilepsy). (From Adams et al., Principles of Neurology, 6th ed, p313)	0	17.67	483	6
Diathesis [description not available]	0	7.39	36	0
Dementia Praecox [description not available]	0	22.3	710	20
Schizophrenia A severe emotional disorder of psychotic depth characteristically marked by a retreat from reality with delusion formation, HALLUCINATIONS, emotional disharmony, and regressive behavior.	0	27.3	710	20
ALS - Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis [description not available]	0	17.07	260	11
Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis A degenerative disorder affecting upper MOTOR NEURONS in the brain and lower motor neurons in the brain stem and SPINAL CORD. Disease onset is usually after the age of 50 and the process is usually fatal within 3 to 6 years. Clinical manifestations include progressive weakness, atrophy, FASCICULATION, hyperreflexia, DYSARTHRIA, dysphagia, and eventual paralysis of respiratory function. Pathologic features include the replacement of motor neurons with fibrous ASTROCYTES and atrophy of anterior SPINAL NERVE ROOTS and corticospinal tracts. (From Adams et al., Principles of Neurology, 6th ed, pp1089-94)	0	17.07	260	11
Autism [description not available]	0	13.16	88	3
Cognition Disorders Disorders characterized by disturbances in mental processes related to learning, thinking, reasoning, and judgment.	0	16.45	158	8
47,XX,+21 [description not available]	0	5.84	23	0
Deficiency, Mental [description not available]	0	8.74	102	0
Aprosodia [description not available]	0	2.91	4	0
Autistic Disorder A disorder beginning in childhood. It is marked by the presence of markedly abnormal or impaired development in social interaction and communication and a markedly restricted repertoire of activity and interest. Manifestations of the disorder vary greatly depending on the developmental level and chronological age of the individual. (DSM-V)	0	13.16	88	3
Down Syndrome A chromosome disorder associated either with an extra chromosome 21 or an effective trisomy for chromosome 21. Clinical manifestations include hypotonia, short stature, brachycephaly, upslanting palpebral fissures, epicanthus, Brushfield spots on the iris, protruding tongue, small ears, short, broad hands, fifth finger clinodactyly, Simian crease, and moderate to severe INTELLECTUAL DISABILITY. Cardiac and gastrointestinal malformations, a marked increase in the incidence of LEUKEMIA, and the early onset of ALZHEIMER DISEASE are also associated with this condition. Pathologic features include the development of NEUROFIBRILLARY TANGLES in neurons and the deposition of AMYLOID BETA-PROTEIN, similar to the pathology of ALZHEIMER DISEASE. (Menkes, Textbook of Child Neurology, 5th ed, p213)	0	5.84	23	0
Intellectual Disability Subnormal intellectual functioning which originates during the developmental period. This has multiple potential etiologies, including genetic defects and perinatal insults. Intelligence quotient (IQ) scores are commonly used to determine whether an individual has an intellectual disability. IQ scores between 70 and 79 are in the borderline range. Scores below 67 are in the disabled range. (from Joynt, Clinical Neurology, 1992, Ch55, p28)	0	8.74	102	0
Cognitive Decline [description not available]	0	11.73	82	1
Cognitive Dysfunction Diminished or impaired mental and/or intellectual function.	0	11.73	82	1
Chronic Insomnia [description not available]	0	5.9	13	0
Sleep Initiation and Maintenance Disorders Disorders characterized by impairment of the ability to initiate or maintain sleep. This may occur as a primary disorder or in association with another medical or psychiatric condition.	0	5.9	13	0
Neuroblastoma A common neoplasm of early childhood arising from neural crest cells in the sympathetic nervous system, and characterized by diverse clinical behavior, ranging from spontaneous remission to rapid metastatic progression and death. This tumor is the most common intraabdominal malignancy of childhood, but it may also arise from thorax, neck, or rarely occur in the central nervous system. Histologic features include uniform round cells with hyperchromatic nuclei arranged in nests and separated by fibrovascular septa. Neuroblastomas may be associated with the opsoclonus-myoclonus syndrome. (From DeVita et al., Cancer: Principles and Practice of Oncology, 5th ed, pp2099-2101; Curr Opin Oncol 1998 Jan;10(1):43-51)	0	7.08	124	0
Common Migraine [description not available]	0	4.28	6	0
Migraine without Aura Recurrent unilateral pulsatile headaches, not preceded or accompanied by an aura, in attacks lasting 4-72 hours. It is characterized by PAIN of moderate to severe intensity; aggravated by physical activity; and associated with NAUSEA and / or PHOTOPHOBIA and PHONOPHOBIA. (International Classification of Headache Disorders, 2nd ed. Cephalalgia 2004: suppl 1)	0	4.28	6	0
Absence Status [description not available]	0	7.68	65	0
Status Epilepticus A prolonged seizure or seizures repeated frequently enough to prevent recovery between episodes occurring over a period of 20-30 minutes. The most common subtype is generalized tonic-clonic status epilepticus, a potentially fatal condition associated with neuronal injury and respiratory and metabolic dysfunction. Nonconvulsive forms include petit mal status and complex partial status, which may manifest as behavioral disturbances. Simple partial status epilepticus consists of persistent motor, sensory, or autonomic seizures that do not impair cognition (see also EPILEPSIA PARTIALIS CONTINUA). Subclinical status epilepticus generally refers to seizures occurring in an unresponsive or comatose individual in the absence of overt signs of seizure activity. (From N Engl J Med 1998 Apr 2;338(14):970-6; Neurologia 1997 Dec;12 Suppl 6:25-30)	0	7.68	65	0
Cytokine Release Syndrome A severe immune reaction characterized by excessive release of CYTOKINES. Symptoms include DYSPNEA; FEVER; HEADACHE; HYPOTENSION; NAUSEA; RASH; TACHYCARDIA; HYPOXIA; HYPERFERRITINEMIA, and MULTIPLE ORGAN FAILURE. It is associated with viral infections, SEPSIS; AUTOIMMUNE DISEASES and a variety of factors used in IMMUNOTHERAPY.	0	3.23	1	0
2019 Novel Coronavirus Disease [description not available]	0	7.38	12	1
Depression, Involutional Form of depression in those MIDDLE AGE with feelings of ANXIETY.	0	27.4	883	699
Depressive Disorder, Major Disorder in which five (or more) of the following symptoms have been present during the same 2-week period and represent a change from previous functioning; at least one of the symptoms is either (1) depressed mood or (2) loss of interest or pleasure. Symptoms include: depressed mood most of the day, nearly every daily; markedly diminished interest or pleasure in activities most of the day, nearly every day; significant weight loss when not dieting or weight gain; Insomnia or hypersomnia nearly every day; psychomotor agitation or retardation nearly every day; fatigue or loss of energy nearly every day; feelings of worthlessness or excessive or inappropriate guilt; diminished ability to think or concentrate, or indecisiveness, nearly every day; or recurrent thoughts of death, recurrent suicidal ideation without a specific plan, or a suicide attempt. (DSM-5)	0	27.4	883	699
Chronic Progressive Multiple Sclerosis [description not available]	0	4.97	8	1
MS (Multiple Sclerosis) [description not available]	0	15.73	111	6
Multiple Sclerosis An autoimmune disorder mainly affecting young adults and characterized by destruction of myelin in the central nervous system. Pathologic findings include multiple sharply demarcated areas of demyelination throughout the white matter of the central nervous system. Clinical manifestations include visual loss, extra-ocular movement disorders, paresthesias, loss of sensation, weakness, dysarthria, spasticity, ataxia, and bladder dysfunction. The usual pattern is one of recurrent attacks followed by partial recovery (see MULTIPLE SCLEROSIS, RELAPSING-REMITTING), but acute fulminating and chronic progressive forms (see MULTIPLE SCLEROSIS, CHRONIC PROGRESSIVE) also occur. (Adams et al., Principles of Neurology, 6th ed, p903)	0	20.73	111	6
Multiple Sclerosis, Chronic Progressive A form of multiple sclerosis characterized by a progressive deterioration in neurologic function which is in contrast to the more typical relapsing remitting form. If the clinical course is free of distinct remissions, it is referred to as primary progressive multiple sclerosis. When the progressive decline is punctuated by acute exacerbations, it is referred to as progressive relapsing multiple sclerosis. The term secondary progressive multiple sclerosis is used when relapsing remitting multiple sclerosis evolves into the chronic progressive form. (From Ann Neurol 1994;36 Suppl:S73-S79; Adams et al., Principles of Neurology, 6th ed, pp903-914)	0	4.97	8	1
Cardiometabolic Syndrome A cluster of symptoms that are risk factors for CARDIOVASCULAR DISEASES and TYPE 2 DIABETES MELLITUS. The major components not only include metabolic dysfunctions of METABOLIC SYNDROME but also HYPERTENSION, and ABDOMINAL OBESITY.	0	5.32	7	0
HIV Coinfection [description not available]	0	9.69	45	2
HIV Infections Includes the spectrum of human immunodeficiency virus infections that range from asymptomatic seropositivity, thru AIDS-related complex (ARC), to acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS).	0	9.69	45	2
Metabolic Syndrome A cluster of symptoms that are risk factors for CARDIOVASCULAR DISEASES and TYPE 2 DIABETES MELLITUS. The major components of metabolic syndrome include ABDOMINAL OBESITY; atherogenic DYSLIPIDEMIA; HYPERTENSION; HYPERGLYCEMIA; INSULIN RESISTANCE; a proinflammatory state; and a prothrombotic (THROMBOSIS) state.	0	5.32	7	0
Brain Disorders [description not available]	0	12.7	119	0
Brain Diseases Pathologic conditions affecting the BRAIN, which is composed of the intracranial components of the CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM. This includes (but is not limited to) the CEREBRAL CORTEX; intracranial white matter; BASAL GANGLIA; THALAMUS; HYPOTHALAMUS; BRAIN STEM; and CEREBELLUM.	0	17.7	119	0
Acoustic Trauma Usually refer to hearing loss due to a single noise event such as an explosion or shotgun blast.	0	6.72	17	0
Hearing Loss, Noise-Induced Hearing loss due to exposure to explosive loud noise or chronic exposure to sound level greater than 85 dB. The hearing loss is often in the frequency range 4000-6000 hertz.	0	6.72	17	0
Psychoses [description not available]	0	22.28	170	10
Psychotic Disorders Disorders in which there is a loss of ego boundaries or a gross impairment in reality testing with delusions or prominent hallucinations. (From DSM-IV, 1994)	0	17.28	170	10
Abdominal Epilepsy [description not available]	0	7.3	28	0
Epilepsies, Partial Conditions characterized by recurrent paroxysmal neuronal discharges which arise from a focal region of the brain. Partial seizures are divided into simple and complex, depending on whether consciousness is unaltered (simple partial seizure) or disturbed (complex partial seizure). Both types may feature a wide variety of motor, sensory, and autonomic symptoms. Partial seizures may be classified by associated clinical features or anatomic location of the seizure focus. A secondary generalized seizure refers to a partial seizure that spreads to involve the brain diffusely. (From Adams et al., Principles of Neurology, 6th ed, pp317)	0	7.3	28	0
Obesity A status with BODY WEIGHT that is grossly above the recommended standards, usually due to accumulation of excess FATS in the body. The standards may vary with age, sex, genetic or cultural background. In the BODY MASS INDEX, a BMI greater than 30.0 kg/m2 is considered obese, and a BMI greater than 40.0 kg/m2 is considered morbidly obese (MORBID OBESITY).	0	11.89	109	0
Clinically Isolated CNS Demyelinating Syndrome [description not available]	0	7.97	25	0
Demyelinating Diseases Diseases characterized by loss or dysfunction of myelin in the central or peripheral nervous system.	0	7.97	25	0
Allodynia [description not available]	0	14.35	176	6
Ache [description not available]	0	20	415	20
Pain An unpleasant sensation induced by noxious stimuli which are detected by NERVE ENDINGS of NOCICEPTIVE NEURONS.	0	20	415	20
Nerve Degeneration Loss of functional activity and trophic degeneration of nerve axons and their terminal arborizations following the destruction of their cells of origin or interruption of their continuity with these cells. The pathology is characteristic of neurodegenerative diseases. Often the process of nerve degeneration is studied in research on neuroanatomical localization and correlation of the neurophysiology of neural pathways.	0	15.21	516	0
Body Weight The mass or quantity of heaviness of an individual. It is expressed by units of pounds or kilograms.	0	10.83	163	4
Alcohol Abuse [description not available]	0	17.49	154	11
Behavior Disorders [description not available]	0	11.46	90	0
Alcoholism A primary, chronic disease with genetic, psychosocial, and environmental factors influencing its development and manifestations. The disease is often progressive and fatal. It is characterized by impaired control over drinking, preoccupation with the drug alcohol, use of alcohol despite adverse consequences, and distortions in thinking, most notably denial. Each of these symptoms may be continuous or periodic. (Morse & Flavin for the Joint Commission of the National Council on Alcoholism and Drug Dependence and the American Society of Addiction Medicine to Study the Definition and Criteria for the Diagnosis of Alcoholism: in JAMA 1992;268:1012-4)	0	17.49	154	11
Mental Disorders Psychiatric illness or diseases manifested by breakdowns in the adaptational process expressed primarily as abnormalities of thought, feeling, and behavior producing either distress or impairment of function.	0	11.46	90	0
Dysthymia [description not available]	0	3.88	2	1
Depression, Endogenous [description not available]	0	15.19	118	1
Depressive Disorder An affective disorder manifested by either a dysphoric mood or loss of interest or pleasure in usual activities. The mood disturbance is prominent and relatively persistent.	0	15.19	118	1
Dysthymic Disorder Chronically depressed mood that occurs for most of the day more days than not for at least 2 years. The required minimum duration in children to make this diagnosis is 1 year. During periods of depressed mood, at least 2 of the following additional symptoms are present: poor appetite or overeating, insomnia or hypersomnia, low energy or fatigue, low self-esteem, poor concentration or difficulty making decisions, and feelings of hopelessness. (DSM-IV)	0	3.88	2	1
Cardiomyopathies, Primary [description not available]	0	3.89	12	0
Cardiomyopathies A group of diseases in which the dominant feature is the involvement of the CARDIAC MUSCLE itself. Cardiomyopathies are classified according to their predominant pathophysiological features (DILATED CARDIOMYOPATHY; HYPERTROPHIC CARDIOMYOPATHY; RESTRICTIVE CARDIOMYOPATHY) or their etiological/pathological factors (CARDIOMYOPATHY, ALCOHOLIC; ENDOCARDIAL FIBROELASTOSIS).	0	3.89	12	0
Anankastic Personality [description not available]	0	19.35	149	14
Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder An anxiety disorder characterized by recurrent, persistent obsessions or compulsions. Obsessions are the intrusive ideas, thoughts, or images that are experienced as senseless or repugnant. Compulsions are repetitive and seemingly purposeful behavior which the individual generally recognizes as senseless and from which the individual does not derive pleasure although it may provide a release from tension.	0	19.35	149	14
Pain, Chronic [description not available]	0	11.39	39	3
Epileptiform Neuralgia [description not available]	0	5.7	9	0
Trigeminal Neuralgia A syndrome characterized by recurrent episodes of excruciating pain lasting several seconds or longer in the sensory distribution of the TRIGEMINAL NERVE. Pain may be initiated by stimulation of trigger points on the face, lips, or gums or by movement of facial muscles or chewing. Associated conditions include MULTIPLE SCLEROSIS, vascular anomalies, ANEURYSMS, and neoplasms. (Adams et al., Principles of Neurology, 6th ed, p187)	0	5.7	9	0
Chronic Pain Aching sensation that persists for more than a few months. It may or may not be associated with trauma or disease, and may persist after the initial injury has healed. Its localization, character, and timing are more vague than with acute pain.	0	11.39	39	3
Drug Withdrawal Symptoms [description not available]	0	15.58	161	7
Substance Withdrawal Syndrome Physiological and psychological symptoms associated with withdrawal from the use of a drug after prolonged administration or habituation. The concept includes withdrawal from smoking or drinking, as well as withdrawal from an administered drug.	0	15.58	161	7
Infections, Plasmodium [description not available]	0	4.83	12	0
Malaria A protozoan disease caused in humans by four species of the PLASMODIUM genus: PLASMODIUM FALCIPARUM; PLASMODIUM VIVAX; PLASMODIUM OVALE; and PLASMODIUM MALARIAE; and transmitted by the bite of an infected female mosquito of the genus ANOPHELES. Malaria is endemic in parts of Asia, Africa, Central and South America, Oceania, and certain Caribbean islands. It is characterized by extreme exhaustion associated with paroxysms of high FEVER; SWEATING; shaking CHILLS; and ANEMIA. Malaria in ANIMALS is caused by other species of plasmodia.	0	9.83	12	0
Aging The gradual irreversible changes in structure and function of an organism that occur as a result of the passage of time.	0	15.84	625	5
Benign Neoplasms, Brain [description not available]	0	15.99	186	2
Brain Neoplasms Neoplasms of the intracranial components of the central nervous system, including the cerebral hemispheres, basal ganglia, hypothalamus, thalamus, brain stem, and cerebellum. Brain neoplasms are subdivided into primary (originating from brain tissue) and secondary (i.e., metastatic) forms. Primary neoplasms are subdivided into benign and malignant forms. In general, brain tumors may also be classified by age of onset, histologic type, or presenting location in the brain.	0	15.99	186	2
Sensitivity and Specificity Binary classification measures to assess test results. Sensitivity or recall rate is the proportion of true positives. Specificity is the probability of correctly determining the absence of a condition. (From Last, Dictionary of Epidemiology, 2d ed)	0	15.12	230	15
Incipient Schizophrenia [description not available]	0	4.06	12	0
Schizotypal Personality Disorder A personality disorder in which there are oddities of thought (magical thinking, paranoid ideation, suspiciousness), perception (illusions, depersonalization), speech (digressive, vague, overelaborate), and behavior (inappropriate affect in social interactions, frequently social isolation) that are not severe enough to characterize schizophrenia.	0	4.06	12	0
Amnesia-Memory Loss [description not available]	0	5.31	20	0
Amnesia Pathologic partial or complete loss of the ability to recall past experiences (AMNESIA, RETROGRADE) or to form new memories (AMNESIA, ANTEROGRADE). This condition may be of organic or psychologic origin. Organic forms of amnesia are usually associated with dysfunction of the DIENCEPHALON or HIPPOCAMPUS. (From Adams et al., Principles of Neurology, 6th ed, pp426-7)	0	5.31	20	0
Meningitis, Tuberculous [description not available]	0	3.05	5	0
Tuberculosis, Meningeal A form of bacterial meningitis caused by MYCOBACTERIUM TUBERCULOSIS or rarely MYCOBACTERIUM BOVIS. The organism seeds the meninges and forms microtuberculomas which subsequently rupture. The clinical course tends to be subacute, with progressions occurring over a period of several days or longer. Headache and meningeal irritation may be followed by SEIZURES, cranial neuropathies, focal neurologic deficits, somnolence, and eventually COMA. The illness may occur in immunocompetent individuals or as an OPPORTUNISTIC INFECTION in the ACQUIRED IMMUNODEFICIENCY SYNDROME and other immunodeficiency syndromes. (From Adams et al., Principles of Neurology, 6th ed, pp717-9)	0	3.05	5	0
Rheumatoid Arthritis [description not available]	0	6.99	10	1
Arthritis, Rheumatoid A chronic systemic disease, primarily of the joints, marked by inflammatory changes in the synovial membranes and articular structures, widespread fibrinoid degeneration of the collagen fibers in mesenchymal tissues, and by atrophy and rarefaction of bony structures. Etiology is unknown, but autoimmune mechanisms have been implicated.	0	6.99	10	1
Neurovisceral Storage Disease with Vertical Supranuclear Ophthalmoplegia [description not available]	0	3.21	5	0
Niemann-Pick Disease, Type C An autosomal recessive lipid storage disorder that is characterized by accumulation of CHOLESTEROL and SPHINGOMYELINS in cells of the VISCERA and the CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM. Type C (or C1) and type D are allelic disorders caused by mutation of the NPC1 gene, which encodes a protein that mediates intracellular cholesterol transport from LYSOSOMES. Clinical signs include hepatosplenomegaly and chronic neurological symptoms. Type D is a variant in people with a Nova Scotia ancestry.	0	3.21	5	0
Anorexia Nervosa An eating disorder that is characterized by the lack or loss of APPETITE, known as ANOREXIA. Other features include excess fear of becoming OVERWEIGHT; BODY IMAGE disturbance; significant WEIGHT LOSS; refusal to maintain minimal normal weight; and AMENORRHEA. This disorder occurs most frequently in adolescent females. (APA, Thesaurus of Psychological Index Terms, 1994)	0	6.44	10	0
Acute Brain Injuries [description not available]	0	18.08	316	13
Brain Injuries Acute and chronic (see also BRAIN INJURIES, CHRONIC) injuries to the brain, including the cerebral hemispheres, CEREBELLUM, and BRAIN STEM. Clinical manifestations depend on the nature of injury. Diffuse trauma to the brain is frequently associated with DIFFUSE AXONAL INJURY or COMA, POST-TRAUMATIC. Localized injuries may be associated with NEUROBEHAVIORAL MANIFESTATIONS; HEMIPARESIS, or other focal neurologic deficits.	0	23.08	316	13
Habit Chorea [description not available]	0	2.59	2	0
Chronic Motor and Vocal Tic Disorder [description not available]	0	7.64	24	0
Childhood Tic Disorders [description not available]	0	2.41	1	0
Tourette Syndrome A neuropsychological disorder related to alterations in DOPAMINE metabolism and neurotransmission involving frontal-subcortical neuronal circuits. Both multiple motor and one or more vocal tics need to be present with TICS occurring many times a day, nearly daily, over a period of more than one year. The onset is before age 18 and the disturbance is not due to direct physiological effects of a substance or another medical condition. The disturbance causes marked distress or significant impairment in social, occupational, or other important areas of functioning. (From DSM-IV, 1994; Neurol Clin 1997 May;15(2):357-79)	0	7.64	24	0
Tics Habitual, repeated, rapid contraction of certain muscles, resulting in stereotyped individualized actions that can be voluntarily suppressed for only brief periods. They often involve the face, vocal cords, neck, and less often the extremities. Examples include repetitive throat clearing, vocalizations, sniffing, pursing the lips, and excessive blinking. Tics tend to be aggravated by emotional stress. When frequent they may interfere with speech and INTERPERSONAL RELATIONS. Conditions which feature frequent and prominent tics as a primary manifestation of disease are referred to as TIC DISORDERS. (From Adams et al., Principles of Neurology, 6th ed, pp109-10)	0	2.59	2	0
Chronic Illness [description not available]	0	17.15	193	14
Chronic Disease Diseases which have one or more of the following characteristics: they are permanent, leave residual disability, are caused by nonreversible pathological alteration, require special training of the patient for rehabilitation, or may be expected to require a long period of supervision, observation, or care (Dictionary of Health Services Management, 2d ed). For epidemiological studies chronic disease often includes HEART DISEASES; STROKE; CANCER; and diabetes (DIABETES MELLITUS, TYPE 2).	0	17.15	193	14
Cough A sudden, audible expulsion of air from the lungs through a partially closed glottis, preceded by inhalation. It is a protective response that serves to clear the trachea, bronchi, and/or lungs of irritants and secretions, or to prevent aspiration of foreign materials into the lungs.	0	2.52	2	0
Arthritis, Degenerative [description not available]	0	4.87	7	0
Osteoarthritis A progressive, degenerative joint disease, the most common form of arthritis, especially in older persons. The disease is thought to result not from the aging process but from biochemical changes and biomechanical stresses affecting articular cartilage. In the foreign literature it is often called osteoarthrosis deformans.	0	4.87	7	0
Adolescent Obesity [description not available]	0	2.41	1	0
Arteriosclerosis, Coronary [description not available]	0	7.86	14	2
Coronary Artery Disease Pathological processes of CORONARY ARTERIES that may derive from a congenital abnormality, atherosclerotic, or non-atherosclerotic cause.	0	7.86	14	2
Anorexia The lack or loss of APPETITE accompanied by an aversion to food and the inability to eat. It is the defining characteristic of the disorder ANOREXIA NERVOSA.	0	3.33	6	0
African Swine Fever A sometimes fatal ASFIVIRUS infection of pigs, characterized by fever, cough, diarrhea, hemorrhagic lymph nodes, and edema of the gallbladder. It is transmitted between domestic swine by direct contact, ingestion of infected meat, or fomites, or mechanically by biting flies or soft ticks (genus Ornithodoros).	0	2.41	1	0
Abdominal Migraine [description not available]	0	13.36	76	2
Migraine Disorders A class of disabling primary headache disorders, characterized by recurrent unilateral pulsatile headaches. The two major subtypes are common migraine (without aura) and classic migraine (with aura or neurological symptoms). (International Classification of Headache Disorders, 2nd ed. Cephalalgia 2004: suppl 1)	0	13.36	76	2
Leishmania Infection [description not available]	0	2.55	2	0
Leishmaniasis A disease caused by any of a number of species of protozoa in the genus LEISHMANIA. There are four major clinical types of this infection: cutaneous (Old and New World) (LEISHMANIASIS, CUTANEOUS), diffuse cutaneous (LEISHMANIASIS, DIFFUSE CUTANEOUS), mucocutaneous (LEISHMANIASIS, MUCOCUTANEOUS), and visceral (LEISHMANIASIS, VISCERAL).	0	2.55	2	0
Genetic Predisposition [description not available]	0	15.6	214	3
Allergic Encephalomyelitis [description not available]	0	8.91	54	0
ADDH [description not available]	0	13.45	80	2
Long Sleeper Syndrome [description not available]	0	6.95	15	1
Attention Deficit Disorder with Hyperactivity A behavior disorder originating in childhood in which the essential features are signs of developmentally inappropriate inattention, impulsivity, and hyperactivity. Although most individuals have symptoms of both inattention and hyperactivity-impulsivity, one or the other pattern may be predominant. The disorder is more frequent in males than females. Onset is in childhood. Symptoms often attenuate during late adolescence although a minority experience the full complement of symptoms into mid-adulthood. (From DSM-V)	0	13.45	80	2
Sleep Wake Disorders Abnormal sleep-wake schedule or pattern associated with the CIRCADIAN RHYTHM which affect the length, timing, and/or rigidity of the sleep-wake cycle relative to the day-night cycle.	1	8.95	15	1
Acute Myelogenous Leukemia [description not available]	0	3.18	5	0
Leukemia, Myeloid, Acute Clonal expansion of myeloid blasts in bone marrow, blood, and other tissue. Myeloid leukemias develop from changes in cells that normally produce NEUTROPHILS; BASOPHILS; EOSINOPHILS; and MONOCYTES.	0	3.18	5	0
Blood Pressure, High [description not available]	0	9.39	113	1
Hypertension Persistently high systemic arterial BLOOD PRESSURE. Based on multiple readings (BLOOD PRESSURE DETERMINATION), hypertension is currently defined as when SYSTOLIC PRESSURE is consistently greater than 140 mm Hg or when DIASTOLIC PRESSURE is consistently 90 mm Hg or more.	0	9.39	113	1
Bleeding [description not available]	0	10.63	18	0
Hemorrhage Bleeding or escape of blood from a vessel.	0	5.63	18	0
Pulsatile Tinnitus [description not available]	0	8.76	16	2
Tinnitus A nonspecific symptom of hearing disorder characterized by the sensation of buzzing, ringing, clicking, pulsations, and other noises in the ear. Objective tinnitus refers to noises generated from within the ear or adjacent structures that can be heard by other individuals. The term subjective tinnitus is used when the sound is audible only to the affected individual. Tinnitus may occur as a manifestation of COCHLEAR DISEASES; VESTIBULOCOCHLEAR NERVE DISEASES; INTRACRANIAL HYPERTENSION; CRANIOCEREBRAL TRAUMA; and other conditions.	0	13.76	16	2
Affective Disorders [description not available]	0	13.18	54	1
Mood Disorders Those disorders that have a disturbance in mood as their predominant feature.	0	13.18	54	1
Devic Disease [description not available]	0	4.57	8	0
Neuromyelitis Optica A syndrome characterized by acute OPTIC NEURITIS; MYELITIS, TRANSVERSE; demyelinating and/or necrotizing lesions in the OPTIC NERVES and SPINAL CORD; and presence of specific autoantibodies to AQUAPORIN 4.	0	4.57	8	0
Cerebral Palsy, Athetoid [description not available]	0	7.17	11	1
Cystic Periventricular Leukomalacia [description not available]	0	5.78	9	0
Cerebral Palsy A heterogeneous group of nonprogressive motor disorders caused by chronic brain injuries that originate in the prenatal period, perinatal period, or first few years of life. The four major subtypes are spastic, athetoid, ataxic, and mixed cerebral palsy, with spastic forms being the most common. The motor disorder may range from difficulties with fine motor control to severe spasticity (see MUSCLE SPASTICITY) in all limbs. Spastic diplegia (Little disease) is the most common subtype, and is characterized by spasticity that is more prominent in the legs than in the arms. Pathologically, this condition may be associated with LEUKOMALACIA, PERIVENTRICULAR. (From Dev Med Child Neurol 1998 Aug;40(8):520-7)	0	12.17	11	1
Leukomalacia, Periventricular Degeneration of white matter adjacent to the CEREBRAL VENTRICLES following cerebral hypoxia or BRAIN ISCHEMIA in neonates. The condition primarily affects white matter in the perfusion zone between superficial and deep branches of the MIDDLE CEREBRAL ARTERY. Clinical manifestations include VISION DISORDERS; CEREBRAL PALSY; PARAPLEGIA; SEIZURES; and cognitive disorders. (From Adams et al., Principles of Neurology, 6th ed, p1021; Joynt, Clinical Neurology, 1997, Ch4, pp30-1)	0	5.78	9	0
B-Cell Lymphoma [description not available]	0	3.15	5	0
Lymphoma, B-Cell A group of heterogeneous lymphoid tumors generally expressing one or more B-cell antigens or representing malignant transformations of B-lymphocytes.	0	3.15	5	0
Blood Poisoning [description not available]	0	4.1	15	0
Sepsis Associated Delirium [description not available]	0	2.9	2	0
Sepsis Systemic inflammatory response syndrome with a proven or suspected infectious etiology. When sepsis is associated with organ dysfunction distant from the site of infection, it is called severe sepsis. When sepsis is accompanied by HYPOTENSION despite adequate fluid infusion, it is called SEPTIC SHOCK.	0	4.1	15	0
Bovine Diseases [description not available]	0	4.17	3	1
MELAS [description not available]	0	4.26	6	0
MELAS Syndrome A mitochondrial disorder characterized by focal or generalized seizures, episodes of transient or persistent neurologic dysfunction resembling strokes, and ragged-red fibers on muscle biopsy. Affected individuals tend to be normal at birth through early childhood, then experience growth failure, episodic vomiting, and recurrent cerebral insults resulting in visual loss and hemiparesis. The cortical lesions tend to occur in the parietal and occipital lobes and are not associated with vascular occlusion. VASCULAR HEADACHE is frequently associated and the disorder tends to be familial. (From Joynt, Clinical Neurology, 1992, Ch56, p117)	0	4.26	6	0
Cocaine Abuse [description not available]	0	15.8	137	6
Cocaine-Related Disorders Disorders related or resulting from use of cocaine.	0	15.8	137	6
Angioedema, Hereditary [description not available]	0	2.82	2	0
Angioedemas, Hereditary Inherited disorders that are characterized by subcutaneous and submucosal EDEMA in the upper RESPIRATORY TRACT and GASTROINTESTINAL TRACT.	0	2.82	2	0
Carcinoma, Non-Small Cell Lung [description not available]	0	5.13	9	1
Cancer of Lung [description not available]	0	7.38	39	1
Malignant Melanoma [description not available]	0	6.74	52	0
Carcinoma, Non-Small-Cell Lung A heterogeneous aggregate of at least three distinct histological types of lung cancer, including SQUAMOUS CELL CARCINOMA; ADENOCARCINOMA; and LARGE CELL CARCINOMA. They are dealt with collectively because of their shared treatment strategy.	0	5.13	9	1
Lung Neoplasms Tumors or cancer of the LUNG.	0	7.38	39	1
Melanoma A malignant neoplasm derived from cells that are capable of forming melanin, which may occur in the skin of any part of the body, in the eye, or, rarely, in the mucous membranes of the genitalia, anus, oral cavity, or other sites. It occurs mostly in adults and may originate de novo or from a pigmented nevus or malignant lentigo. Melanomas frequently metastasize widely, and the regional lymph nodes, liver, lungs, and brain are likely to be involved. The incidence of malignant skin melanomas is rising rapidly in all parts of the world. (Stedman, 25th ed; from Rook et al., Textbook of Dermatology, 4th ed, p2445)	0	6.74	52	0
Adverse Drug Event [description not available]	0	4.58	5	0
Canine Diseases [description not available]	0	6.49	16	1
Thrombopenia [description not available]	0	2.48	2	0
Thrombocytopenia A subnormal level of BLOOD PLATELETS.	0	2.48	2	0
Drug Overdose Accidental or deliberate use of a medication or street drug in excess of normal dosage.	0	3.74	3	0
Drug-Related Side Effects and Adverse Reactions Disorders that result from the intended use of PHARMACEUTICAL PREPARATIONS. Included in this heading are a broad variety of chemically-induced adverse conditions due to toxicity, DRUG INTERACTIONS, and metabolic effects of pharmaceuticals.	0	4.58	5	0
Chemical Dependence [description not available]	0	13.09	118	0
Substance-Related Disorders Disorders related to substance use or abuse.	0	13.09	118	0
Akinetic-Rigid Variant of Huntington Disease [description not available]	0	14.39	155	3
Huntington Disease A familial disorder inherited as an autosomal dominant trait and characterized by the onset of progressive CHOREA and DEMENTIA in the fourth or fifth decade of life. Common initial manifestations include paranoia; poor impulse control; DEPRESSION; HALLUCINATIONS; and DELUSIONS. Eventually intellectual impairment; loss of fine motor control; ATHETOSIS; and diffuse chorea involving axial and limb musculature develops, leading to a vegetative state within 10-15 years of disease onset. The juvenile variant has a more fulminant course including SEIZURES; ATAXIA; dementia; and chorea. (From Adams et al., Principles of Neurology, 6th ed, pp1060-4)	0	19.39	155	3
Affective Psychosis, Bipolar [description not available]	0	17.2	133	10
Bipolar Disorder A major affective disorder marked by severe mood swings (manic or major depressive episodes) and a tendency to remission and recurrence.	0	17.2	133	10
Autoimmune Diabetes [description not available]	0	10.9	47	2
Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1 A subtype of DIABETES MELLITUS that is characterized by INSULIN deficiency. It is manifested by the sudden onset of severe HYPERGLYCEMIA, rapid progression to DIABETIC KETOACIDOSIS, and DEATH unless treated with insulin. The disease may occur at any age, but is most common in childhood or adolescence.	0	10.9	47	2
Encephalopathy, Traumatic [description not available]	0	9.6	41	1
Brain Injuries, Traumatic A form of acquired brain injury which occurs when a sudden trauma causes damage to the brain.	0	9.6	41	1
Ataxia Impairment of the ability to perform smoothly coordinated voluntary movements. This condition may affect the limbs, trunk, eyes, pharynx, larynx, and other structures. Ataxia may result from impaired sensory or motor function. Sensory ataxia may result from posterior column injury or PERIPHERAL NERVE DISEASES. Motor ataxia may be associated with CEREBELLAR DISEASES; CEREBRAL CORTEX diseases; THALAMIC DISEASES; BASAL GANGLIA DISEASES; injury to the RED NUCLEUS; and other conditions.	0	5.73	19	0
Ischemia A hypoperfusion of the BLOOD through an organ or tissue caused by a PATHOLOGIC CONSTRICTION or obstruction of its BLOOD VESSELS, or an absence of BLOOD CIRCULATION.	0	15.72	146	0
Hallucination of Body Sensation [description not available]	0	6.84	14	1
Hallucinations Subjectively experienced sensations in the absence of an appropriate stimulus, but which are regarded by the individual as real. They may be of organic origin or associated with MENTAL DISORDERS.	0	6.84	14	1
Encephalopathy, Toxic [description not available]	0	12.8	136	3
Weight Gain Increase in BODY WEIGHT over existing weight.	0	14.35	26	2
Sarcopenia Progressive decline in muscle mass due to aging which results in decreased functional capacity of muscles.	0	2.9	2	0
Atrophy Decrease in the size of a cell, tissue, organ, or multiple organs, associated with a variety of pathological conditions such as abnormal cellular changes, ischemia, malnutrition, or hormonal changes.	0	13.18	42	1
Edema-Proteinuria-Hypertension Gestosis [description not available]	0	4.96	14	0
Pre-Eclampsia A complication of PREGNANCY, characterized by a complex of symptoms including maternal HYPERTENSION and PROTEINURIA with or without pathological EDEMA. Symptoms may range between mild and severe. Pre-eclampsia usually occurs after the 20th week of gestation, but may develop before this time in the presence of trophoblastic disease.	0	4.96	14	0
Polycystic Ovarian Syndrome [description not available]	0	5.23	6	0
Polycystic Ovary Syndrome A complex disorder characterized by infertility, HIRSUTISM; OBESITY; and various menstrual disturbances such as OLIGOMENORRHEA; AMENORRHEA; ANOVULATION. Polycystic ovary syndrome is usually associated with bilateral enlarged ovaries studded with atretic follicles, not with cysts. The term, polycystic ovary, is misleading.	0	5.23	6	0
Asystole [description not available]	0	5.85	22	0
Hypothermia, Accidental [description not available]	0	7.28	38	1
Heart Arrest Cessation of heart beat or MYOCARDIAL CONTRACTION. If it is treated within a few minutes, heart arrest can be reversed in most cases to normal cardiac rhythm and effective circulation.	0	5.85	22	0
Hypothermia Lower than normal body temperature, especially in warm-blooded animals.	0	7.28	38	1
Multiple Pulmonary Nodules A number of small lung lesions characterized by small round masses of 2- to 3-mm in diameter. They are usually detected by chest CT scans (COMPUTED TOMOGRAPHY, X-RAY). Such nodules can be associated with metastases of malignancies inside or outside the lung, benign granulomas, or other lesions.	0	2.41	1	0
Allergic Conjunctivitis [description not available]	0	8.8	1	1
Conjunctivitis, Allergic Conjunctivitis due to hypersensitivity to various allergens.	0	3.8	1	1
Avian Flu [description not available]	0	3.17	5	0
Influenza in Birds Infection of domestic and wild fowl and other BIRDS with INFLUENZA A VIRUS. Avian influenza usually does not sicken birds, but can be highly pathogenic and fatal in domestic POULTRY.	0	3.17	5	0
Coxarthrosis [description not available]	0	2.41	1	0
Osteoarthritis, Hip Noninflammatory degenerative disease of the hip joint which usually appears in late middle or old age. It is characterized by growth or maturational disturbances in the femoral neck and head, as well as acetabular dysplasia. A dominant symptom is pain on weight-bearing or motion.	0	2.41	1	0
Retinal Degeneration A retrogressive pathological change in the retina, focal or generalized, caused by genetic defects, inflammation, trauma, vascular disease, or aging. Degeneration affecting predominantly the macula lutea of the retina is MACULAR DEGENERATION. (Newell, Ophthalmology: Principles and Concepts, 7th ed, p304)	0	7.06	55	0
Peripheral Nerve Injury [description not available]	0	6.41	24	0
Peripheral Nerve Injuries Injuries to the PERIPHERAL NERVES.	0	6.41	24	0
Vascular Calcification Deposition of calcium into the blood vessel structures. Excessive calcification of the vessels are associated with ATHEROSCLEROTIC PLAQUES formation particularly after MYOCARDIAL INFARCTION (see MONCKEBERG MEDIAL CALCIFIC SCLEROSIS) and chronic kidney diseases which in turn increase VASCULAR STIFFNESS.	0	2.41	1	0
Adenocarcinoma, Basal Cell [description not available]	0	5.78	20	0
Cancer of Stomach [description not available]	0	4.67	10	0
Adenocarcinoma A malignant epithelial tumor with a glandular organization.	0	5.78	20	0
Stomach Neoplasms Tumors or cancer of the STOMACH.	0	4.67	10	0
Diabetes Mellitus, Adult-Onset [description not available]	0	13.5	78	3
Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 A subclass of DIABETES MELLITUS that is not INSULIN-responsive or dependent (NIDDM). It is characterized initially by INSULIN RESISTANCE and HYPERINSULINEMIA; and eventually by GLUCOSE INTOLERANCE; HYPERGLYCEMIA; and overt diabetes. Type II diabetes mellitus is no longer considered a disease exclusively found in adults. Patients seldom develop KETOSIS but often exhibit OBESITY.	0	13.5	78	3
Diabetes Mellitus, Gestational [description not available]	0	4.15	3	1
Diabetes, Gestational Diabetes mellitus induced by PREGNANCY but resolved at the end of pregnancy. It does not include previously diagnosed diabetics who become pregnant (PREGNANCY IN DIABETICS). Gestational diabetes usually develops in late pregnancy when insulin antagonistic hormones peaks leading to INSULIN RESISTANCE; GLUCOSE INTOLERANCE; and HYPERGLYCEMIA.	0	4.15	3	1
Carcinoma, Epidermoid [description not available]	0	3.45	7	0
Carcinoma, Squamous Cell A carcinoma derived from stratified SQUAMOUS EPITHELIAL CELLS. It may also occur in sites where glandular or columnar epithelium is normally present. (From Stedman, 25th ed)	0	3.45	7	0
Bilateral Headache [description not available]	0	9.52	18	1
Headache The symptom of PAIN in the cranial region. It may be an isolated benign occurrence or manifestation of a wide variety of HEADACHE DISORDERS.	0	9.52	18	1
Meibomian Gland Dysfunction A chronic dysfunction of MEIBOMIAN GLANDS characterized by altered tear film stability and function due to a decrease or alteration in lipid quality/content in meibum. It is often associated with evaporative-type DRY EYE SYNDROME.	0	2.41	1	0
Dry Eye [description not available]	0	7.41	1	0
Dry Eye Syndromes Corneal and conjunctival dryness due to deficient tear production, predominantly in menopausal and post-menopausal women. Filamentary keratitis or erosion of the conjunctival and corneal epithelium may be caused by these disorders. Sensation of the presence of a foreign body in the eye and burning of the eyes may occur.	0	2.41	1	0
Anti-N-Methyl-D-Aspartate Receptor Encephalitis Disorder characterized by symptoms of CATATONIA; HYPOVENTILATION; DYSKINESIAS; ENCEPHALITIS; and SEIZURES followed by a reduced CONSCIOUSNESS. It is often followed by a viral-like prodrome. Many cases are self-limiting and respond well to IMMUNOMODULATORY THERAPIES against the NMDA RECEPTORS antibodies.	0	3.96	4	0
Injuries, Spinal Cord [description not available]	0	11.51	117	0
Spinal Cord Injuries Penetrating and non-penetrating injuries to the spinal cord resulting from traumatic external forces (e.g., WOUNDS, GUNSHOT; WHIPLASH INJURIES; etc.).	0	11.51	117	0
Infections, Staphylococcal [description not available]	0	4.35	21	0
Staphylococcal Infections Infections with bacteria of the genus STAPHYLOCOCCUS.	0	4.35	21	0
Amentia [description not available]	0	12.96	34	0
Dementia An acquired organic mental disorder with loss of intellectual abilities of sufficient severity to interfere with social or occupational functioning. The dysfunction is multifaceted and involves memory, behavior, personality, judgment, attention, spatial relations, language, abstract thought, and other executive functions. The intellectual decline is usually progressive, and initially spares the level of consciousness.	0	7.96	34	0
Injuries, Eye [description not available]	0	2.48	2	0
Eye Injuries Damage or trauma inflicted to the eye by external means. The concept includes both surface injuries and intraocular injuries.	0	2.48	2	0
Glaucoma An ocular disease, occurring in many forms, having as its primary characteristics an unstable or a sustained increase in the intraocular pressure which the eye cannot withstand without damage to its structure or impairment of its function. The consequences of the increased pressure may be manifested in a variety of symptoms, depending upon type and severity, such as excavation of the optic disk, hardness of the eyeball, corneal anesthesia, reduced visual acuity, seeing of colored halos around lights, disturbed dark adaptation, visual field defects, and headaches. (Dictionary of Visual Science, 4th ed)	0	10.19	68	0
Retinal Diseases Diseases involving the RETINA.	0	7.85	47	0
Anoxemia [description not available]	0	14.36	312	3
Nicotine Addiction [description not available]	0	9.91	28	2
Hypoxia Sub-optimal OXYGEN levels in the ambient air of living organisms.	0	14.36	312	3
Tobacco Use Disorder Tobacco used to the detriment of a person's health or social functioning. Tobacco dependence is included.	0	9.91	28	2
Age-Related Memory Disorders [description not available]	0	12.85	165	3
Memory Disorders Disturbances in registering an impression, in the retention of an acquired impression, or in the recall of an impression. Memory impairments are associated with DEMENTIA; CRANIOCEREBRAL TRAUMA; ENCEPHALITIS; ALCOHOLISM (see also ALCOHOL AMNESTIC DISORDER); SCHIZOPHRENIA; and other conditions.	0	12.85	165	3
Dyskinesia, Medication-Induced [description not available]	0	9.56	47	1
Dyskinesia, Drug-Induced Abnormal movements, including HYPERKINESIS; HYPOKINESIA; TREMOR; and DYSTONIA, associated with the use of certain medications or drugs. Muscles of the face, trunk, neck, and extremities are most commonly affected. Tardive dyskinesia refers to abnormal hyperkinetic movements of the muscles of the face, tongue, and neck associated with the use of neuroleptic agents (see ANTIPSYCHOTIC AGENTS). (Adams et al., Principles of Neurology, 6th ed, p1199)	0	9.56	47	1
Hyperammonemia Elevated level of AMMONIA in the blood. It is a sign of defective CATABOLISM of AMINO ACIDS or ammonia to UREA.	0	10.23	67	0
Cardiovascular Diseases Pathological conditions involving the CARDIOVASCULAR SYSTEM including the HEART; the BLOOD VESSELS; or the PERICARDIUM.	0	8.04	19	2
Disbacteriosis [description not available]	0	3.55	2	0
Posterior Tibial Tendon Dysfunction A condition characterized by a broad range of progressive disorders ranging from TENOSYNOVITIS to tendon rupture with or without hindfoot collapse to a fixed, rigid, FLATFOOT deformity. Pathologic changes can involve associated tendons, ligaments, joint structures of the ANKLE, hindfoot, and midfoot. Posterior tibial tendon dysfunction is the most common cause of acquired flatfoot deformity in adults.	0	2.41	1	0
Glial Cell Tumors [description not available]	0	13.63	203	0
Glioma Benign and malignant central nervous system neoplasms derived from glial cells (i.e., astrocytes, oligodendrocytes, and ependymocytes). Astrocytes may give rise to astrocytomas (ASTROCYTOMA) or glioblastoma multiforme (see GLIOBLASTOMA). Oligodendrocytes give rise to oligodendrogliomas (OLIGODENDROGLIOMA) and ependymocytes may undergo transformation to become EPENDYMOMA; CHOROID PLEXUS NEOPLASMS; or colloid cysts of the third ventricle. (From Escourolle et al., Manual of Basic Neuropathology, 2nd ed, p21)	0	13.63	203	0
Delayed Effects, Prenatal Exposure [description not available]	0	10.25	124	0
Fatigue, Mental [description not available]	0	4.79	2	1
Brain Hemorrhage, Cerebral [description not available]	0	8.87	30	2
Cerebral Hemorrhage Bleeding into one or both CEREBRAL HEMISPHERES including the BASAL GANGLIA and the CEREBRAL CORTEX. It is often associated with HYPERTENSION and CRANIOCEREBRAL TRAUMA.	0	8.87	30	2
Hemorrhage, Subarachnoid [description not available]	0	11.14	58	6
Subarachnoid Hemorrhage Bleeding into the intracranial or spinal SUBARACHNOID SPACE, most resulting from INTRACRANIAL ANEURYSM rupture. It can occur after traumatic injuries (SUBARACHNOID HEMORRHAGE, TRAUMATIC). Clinical features include HEADACHE; NAUSEA; VOMITING, nuchal rigidity, variable neurological deficits and reduced mental status.	0	11.14	58	6
Refractory Depression [description not available]	0	11.25	18	6
Depressive Disorder, Treatment-Resistant Failure to respond to two or more trials of antidepressant monotherapy or failure to respond to four or more trials of different antidepressant therapies. (Campbell's Psychiatric Dictionary, 9th ed.)	0	11.25	18	6
Caries, Dental [description not available]	0	17.88	119	59
Dental Caries Localized destruction of the tooth surface initiated by decalcification of the enamel followed by enzymatic lysis of organic structures and leading to cavity formation. If left unchecked, the cavity may penetrate the enamel and dentin and reach the pulp.	0	17.88	119	59
Recrudescence [description not available]	0	18.33	107	41
Alcohol Drinking Behaviors associated with the ingesting of ALCOHOLIC BEVERAGES, including social drinking.	0	12.94	77	5
Cancer of Pancreas [description not available]	0	6.4	52	0
Pancreatic Neoplasms Tumors or cancer of the PANCREAS. Depending on the types of ISLET CELLS present in the tumors, various hormones can be secreted: GLUCAGON from PANCREATIC ALPHA CELLS; INSULIN from PANCREATIC BETA CELLS; and SOMATOSTATIN from the SOMATOSTATIN-SECRETING CELLS. Most are malignant except the insulin-producing tumors (INSULINOMA).	0	6.4	52	0
Hyperthyroid [description not available]	0	4.43	8	0
Hyperthyroidism Hypersecretion of THYROID HORMONES from the THYROID GLAND. Elevated levels of thyroid hormones increase BASAL METABOLIC RATE.	0	4.43	8	0
Hypertension, Essential [description not available]	0	3.33	1	0
Essential Hypertension Hypertension that occurs without known cause, or preexisting renal disease. Associated polymorphisms for a number of genes have been identified, including AGT, GNB3, and ECE1. OMIM: 145500	0	3.33	1	0
Infections, Parvoviridae [description not available]	0	2.41	1	0
Gastroenteritis INFLAMMATION of any segment of the GASTROINTESTINAL TRACT from ESOPHAGUS to RECTUM. Causes of gastroenteritis are many including genetic, infection, HYPERSENSITIVITY, drug effects, and CANCER.	0	7.38	2	0
Abdominal Obesity [description not available]	0	2.69	2	0
Acute Pain Intensely discomforting, distressful, or agonizing sensation associated with trauma or disease, with well-defined location, character, and timing.	0	5.11	9	1
Tendinitis Inflammation of TENDONS. It is characterized by the degeneration of tendons accompanied by an inflammatory repair response, fibroblastic proliferation, and formation of granulation tissue. Tendinitis is not a clinical diagnosis and can be confirmed only by histopathological findings.	0	6.42	9	1
Tendinopathy Clinical syndrome describing overuse tendon injuries characterized by a combination of PAIN, diffuse or localized swelling, and impaired performance.	0	6.42	9	1
ER-Negative PR-Negative HER2-Negative Breast Cancer [description not available]	0	3.41	6	0
Triple Negative Breast Neoplasms Breast neoplasms that do not express ESTROGEN RECEPTORS; PROGESTERONE RECEPTORS; and do not overexpress the NEU RECEPTOR/HER-2 PROTO-ONCOGENE PROTEIN.	0	3.41	6	0
Diabetic Glomerulosclerosis [description not available]	0	2.46	2	0
Diabetes Mellitus A heterogeneous group of disorders characterized by HYPERGLYCEMIA and GLUCOSE INTOLERANCE.	0	7.26	31	0
Diabetic Nephropathies KIDNEY injuries associated with diabetes mellitus and affecting KIDNEY GLOMERULUS; ARTERIOLES; KIDNEY TUBULES; and the interstitium. Clinical signs include persistent PROTEINURIA, from microalbuminuria progressing to ALBUMINURIA of greater than 300 mg/24 h, leading to reduced GLOMERULAR FILTRATION RATE and END-STAGE RENAL DISEASE.	0	2.46	2	0
Arthritis, Juvenile Chronic [description not available]	0	2.41	1	0
Arthritis, Juvenile Arthritis in children, with onset before 16 years of age. The terms juvenile rheumatoid arthritis (JRA) and juvenile idiopathic arthritis (JIA) refer to classification systems for chronic arthritis in children. Only one subtype of juvenile arthritis (polyarticular-onset, rheumatoid factor-positive) clinically resembles adult rheumatoid arthritis and is considered its childhood equivalent.	0	2.41	1	0
Biotinidase Deficiency The late onset form of MULTIPLE CARBOXYLASE DEFICIENCY (deficiency of the activities of biotin-dependent enzymes propionyl-CoA carboxylase, methylcrotonyl-CoA carboxylase, and PYRUVATE CARBOXYLASE) due to a defect or deficiency in biotinidase which is essential for recycling BIOTIN.	0	2.41	1	0
Acidemia Propionic [description not available]	0	2.61	2	0
Chronic Kidney Failure [description not available]	0	5.28	12	1
Kidney Failure, Chronic The end-stage of CHRONIC RENAL INSUFFICIENCY. It is characterized by the severe irreversible kidney damage (as measured by the level of PROTEINURIA) and the reduction in GLOMERULAR FILTRATION RATE to less than 15 ml per min (Kidney Foundation: Kidney Disease Outcome Quality Initiative, 2002). These patients generally require HEMODIALYSIS or KIDNEY TRANSPLANTATION.	0	5.28	12	1
Propionic Acidemia Autosomal recessive metabolic disorder caused by mutations in PROPIONYL-COA CARBOXYLASE genes that result in dysfunction of branch chain amino acids and of the metabolism of certain fatty acids. Neonatal clinical onset is characterized by severe metabolic acidemia accompanied by hyperammonemia, HYPERGLYCEMIA, lethargy, vomiting, HYPOTONIA; and HEPATOMEGALY. Survivors of the neonatal onset propionic acidemia often show developmental retardation, and intolerance to dietary proteins. Late-onset form of the disease shows mild mental and/or developmental retardation, sometimes without metabolic acidemia.	0	2.61	2	0
Celiac Sprue [description not available]	0	5.18	11	0
Celiac Disease A malabsorption syndrome that is precipitated by the ingestion of foods containing GLUTEN, such as wheat, rye, and barley. It is characterized by INFLAMMATION of the SMALL INTESTINE, loss of MICROVILLI structure, failed INTESTINAL ABSORPTION, and MALNUTRITION.	0	10.18	11	0
Colonic Inertia Symptom characterized by the passage of stool once a week or less.	0	4.92	4	2
Constipation Infrequent or difficult evacuation of FECES. These symptoms are associated with a variety of causes, including low DIETARY FIBER intake, emotional or nervous disturbances, systemic and structural disorders, drug-induced aggravation, and infections.	0	4.92	4	2
Craniofacial Pain [description not available]	0	9.37	32	5
Facial Pain Pain in the facial region including orofacial pain and craniofacial pain. Associated conditions include local inflammatory and neoplastic disorders and neuralgic syndromes involving the trigeminal, facial, and glossopharyngeal nerves. Conditions which feature recurrent or persistent facial pain as the primary manifestation of disease are referred to as FACIAL PAIN SYNDROMES.	0	9.37	32	5
Frigidity [description not available]	0	2.49	2	0
Sexual Dysfunctions, Psychological Disturbances in sexual desire and the psychophysiologic changes that characterize the sexual response cycle and cause marked distress and interpersonal difficulty. (APA, DSM-IV, 1994)	0	2.49	2	0
Cranial Nerve II Diseases [description not available]	0	7.57	14	0
Optic Nerve Diseases Conditions which produce injury or dysfunction of the second cranial or optic nerve, which is generally considered a component of the central nervous system. Damage to optic nerve fibers may occur at or near their origin in the retina, at the optic disk, or in the nerve, optic chiasm, optic tract, or lateral geniculate nuclei. Clinical manifestations may include decreased visual acuity and contrast sensitivity, impaired color vision, and an afferent pupillary defect.	0	7.57	14	0
Age-Related Macular Degeneration [description not available]	0	4.41	2	0
Macular Degeneration Degenerative changes in the RETINA usually of older adults which results in a loss of vision in the center of the visual field (the MACULA LUTEA) because of damage to the retina. It occurs in dry and wet forms.	0	4.41	2	0
Nausea An unpleasant sensation in the stomach usually accompanied by the urge to vomit. Common causes are early pregnancy, sea and motion sickness, emotional stress, intense pain, food poisoning, and various enteroviruses.	0	3.2	6	0
Alloxan Diabetes [description not available]	0	13.17	92	0
Abnormality, Heart [description not available]	0	5.93	9	1
Heart Defects, Congenital Developmental abnormalities involving structures of the heart. These defects are present at birth but may be discovered later in life.	0	5.93	9	1
Post-Concussion Symptoms [description not available]	0	2.41	1	0
Cerebral Concussion [description not available]	0	10.1	33	1
Brain Concussion A nonspecific term used to describe transient alterations or loss of consciousness following closed head injuries. The duration of UNCONSCIOUSNESS generally lasts a few seconds, but may persist for several hours. Concussions may be classified as mild, intermediate, and severe. Prolonged periods of unconsciousness (often defined as greater than 6 hours in duration) may be referred to as post-traumatic coma (COMA, POST-HEAD INJURY). (From Rowland, Merritt's Textbook of Neurology, 9th ed, p418)	0	10.1	33	1
Post-Concussion Syndrome The organic and psychogenic disturbances observed after closed head injuries (HEAD INJURIES, CLOSED). Post-concussion syndrome includes subjective physical complaints (i.e. headache, dizziness), cognitive, emotional, and behavioral changes. These disturbances can be chronic, permanent, or late emerging.	0	2.41	1	0
Lipid Metabolism Disorders Pathological conditions resulting from abnormal anabolism or catabolism of lipids in the body.	0	2.41	1	0
Acute Kidney Failure [description not available]	0	4.19	6	0
Aortic Dissection [description not available]	0	3.36	2	0
Complication, Postoperative [description not available]	0	11.35	27	8
Postoperative Complications Pathologic processes that affect patients after a surgical procedure. They may or may not be related to the disease for which the surgery was done, and they may or may not be direct results of the surgery.	0	11.35	27	8
Acute Kidney Injury Abrupt reduction in kidney function. Acute kidney injury encompasses the entire spectrum of the syndrome including acute kidney failure; ACUTE KIDNEY TUBULAR NECROSIS; and other less severe conditions.	0	4.19	6	0
BCKD Deficiency [description not available]	0	5.35	13	0
Maple Syrup Urine Disease An autosomal recessive inherited disorder with multiple forms of phenotypic expression, caused by a defect in the oxidative decarboxylation of branched-chain amino acids (AMINO ACIDS, BRANCHED-CHAIN). These metabolites accumulate in body fluids and render a maple syrup odor. The disease is divided into classic, intermediate, intermittent, and thiamine responsive subtypes. The classic form presents in the first week of life with ketoacidosis, hypoglycemia, emesis, neonatal seizures, and hypertonia. The intermediate and intermittent forms present in childhood or later with acute episodes of ataxia and vomiting. (From Adams et al., Principles of Neurology, 6th ed, p936)	0	5.35	13	0
Abnormalities, Musculoskeletal [description not available]	0	3.33	1	0
Angiospasm, Intracranial [description not available]	0	7.45	17	3
Vasospasm, Intracranial Constriction of arteries in the SKULL due to sudden, sharp, and often persistent smooth muscle contraction in blood vessels. Intracranial vasospasm results in reduced vessel lumen caliber, restricted blood flow to the brain, and BRAIN ISCHEMIA that may lead to hypoxic-ischemic brain injury (HYPOXIA-ISCHEMIA, BRAIN).	0	7.45	17	3
Cutis Laxa A group of connective tissue diseases in which skin hangs in loose pendulous folds. It is believed to be associated with decreased elastic tissue formation as well as an abnormality in elastin formation. Cutis laxa is usually a genetic disease, but acquired cases have been reported. (From Dorland, 27th ed)	0	2.6	1	0
Anaplastic Astrocytoma [description not available]	0	6.9	25	0
Astrocytoma Neoplasms of the brain and spinal cord derived from glial cells which vary from histologically benign forms to highly anaplastic and malignant tumors. Fibrillary astrocytomas are the most common type and may be classified in order of increasing malignancy (grades I through IV). In the first two decades of life, astrocytomas tend to originate in the cerebellar hemispheres; in adults, they most frequently arise in the cerebrum and frequently undergo malignant transformation. (From Devita et al., Cancer: Principles and Practice of Oncology, 5th ed, pp2013-7; Holland et al., Cancer Medicine, 3d ed, p1082)	0	11.9	25	0
Anterior Choroidal Artery Infarction [description not available]	0	12.27	80	3
Cerebral Infarction The formation of an area of NECROSIS in the CEREBRUM caused by an insufficiency of arterial or venous blood flow. Infarcts of the cerebrum are generally classified by hemisphere (i.e., left vs. right), lobe (e.g., frontal lobe infarction), arterial distribution (e.g., INFARCTION, ANTERIOR CEREBRAL ARTERY), and etiology (e.g., embolic infarction).	0	12.27	80	3
Bacillus anthracis Infection [description not available]	0	2.98	4	0
Anthrax An acute infection caused by the spore-forming bacteria BACILLUS ANTHRACIS. It commonly affects hoofed animals such as sheep and goats. Infection in humans often involves the skin (cutaneous anthrax), the lungs (inhalation anthrax), or the gastrointestinal tract. Anthrax is not contagious and can be treated with antibiotics.	0	2.98	4	0
Drug Refractory Epilepsy [description not available]	0	8.78	15	1
Benign Psychomotor Epilepsy, Childhood [description not available]	0	12.95	109	3
Epilepsy, Temporal Lobe A localization-related (focal) form of epilepsy characterized by recurrent seizures that arise from foci within the TEMPORAL LOBE, most commonly from its mesial aspect. A wide variety of psychic phenomena may be associated, including illusions, hallucinations, dyscognitive states, and affective experiences. The majority of complex partial seizures (see EPILEPSY, COMPLEX PARTIAL) originate from the temporal lobes. Temporal lobe seizures may be classified by etiology as cryptogenic, familial, or symptomatic. (From Adams et al., Principles of Neurology, 6th ed, p321).	0	12.95	109	3
Plasmodium falciparum Malaria [description not available]	0	3.72	9	0
Malaria, Falciparum Malaria caused by PLASMODIUM FALCIPARUM. This is the severest form of malaria and is associated with the highest levels of parasites in the blood. This disease is characterized by irregularly recurring febrile paroxysms that in extreme cases occur with acute cerebral, renal, or gastrointestinal manifestations.	0	3.72	9	0
Myoclonic Jerk [description not available]	0	5.03	9	1
Cancer of Endometrium [description not available]	0	2.41	1	0
Endometrial Neoplasms Tumors or cancer of ENDOMETRIUM, the mucous lining of the UTERUS. These neoplasms can be benign or malignant. Their classification and grading are based on the various cell types and the percent of undifferentiated cells.	0	2.41	1	0
22q11.2 Deletion Syndrome [description not available]	0	5.77	6	1
DiGeorge Syndrome Congenital syndrome characterized by a wide spectrum of characteristics including the absence of the THYMUS and PARATHYROID GLANDS resulting in T-cell immunodeficiency, HYPOCALCEMIA, defects in the outflow tract of the heart, and craniofacial anomalies.	0	5.77	6	1
Central Nervous System Disease [description not available]	0	9.59	38	0
Central Nervous System Diseases Diseases of any component of the brain (including the cerebral hemispheres, diencephalon, brain stem, and cerebellum) or the spinal cord.	0	9.59	38	0
Cardiomyopathy, Congestive [description not available]	0	4.23	6	0
Carditis [description not available]	0	2.72	2	0
Coxsackie Virus Infections [description not available]	0	2.41	1	0
Cardiomyopathy, Dilated A form of CARDIAC MUSCLE disease that is characterized by ventricular dilation, VENTRICULAR DYSFUNCTION, and HEART FAILURE. Risk factors include SMOKING; ALCOHOL DRINKING; HYPERTENSION; INFECTION; PREGNANCY; and mutations in the LMNA gene encoding LAMIN TYPE A, a NUCLEAR LAMINA protein.	0	4.23	6	0
Myocarditis Inflammatory processes of the muscular walls of the heart (MYOCARDIUM) which result in injury to the cardiac muscle cells (MYOCYTES, CARDIAC). Manifestations range from subclinical to sudden death (DEATH, SUDDEN). Myocarditis in association with cardiac dysfunction is classified as inflammatory CARDIOMYOPATHY usually caused by INFECTION, autoimmune diseases, or responses to toxic substances. Myocarditis is also a common cause of DILATED CARDIOMYOPATHY and other cardiomyopathies.	0	2.72	2	0
Kidney Failure A severe irreversible decline in the ability of kidneys to remove wastes, concentrate URINE, and maintain ELECTROLYTE BALANCE; BLOOD PRESSURE; and CALCIUM metabolism.	0	4.95	5	0
Renal Insufficiency Conditions in which the KIDNEYS perform below the normal level in the ability to remove wastes, concentrate URINE, and maintain ELECTROLYTE BALANCE; BLOOD PRESSURE; and CALCIUM metabolism. Renal insufficiency can be classified by the degree of kidney damage (as measured by the level of PROTEINURIA) and reduction in GLOMERULAR FILTRATION RATE.	0	9.95	5	0
Pulmonary Arterial Hypertension A progressive rare pulmonary disease characterized by high blood pressure in the PULMONARY ARTERY.	0	2.41	1	0
Sclerosis A pathological process consisting of hardening or fibrosis of an anatomical structure, often a vessel or a nerve.	0	4.74	11	0
Cranial Nerve II Injuries [description not available]	0	4.23	17	0
Crush Fractures [description not available]	0	2.41	1	0
HPV Infection [description not available]	0	2.41	1	0
Carcinogenesis The origin, production or development of cancer through genotypic and phenotypic changes which upset the normal balance between cell proliferation and cell death. Carcinogenesis generally requires a constellation of steps, which may occur quickly or over a period of many years.	0	9.71	10	0
Cancer of Cervix [description not available]	0	2.9	2	0
Uterine Cervical Neoplasms Tumors or cancer of the UTERINE CERVIX.	0	2.9	2	0
Papillomavirus Infections Neoplasms of the skin and mucous membranes caused by papillomaviruses. They are usually benign but some have a high risk for malignant progression.	0	2.41	1	0
Anhedonia Inability to experience pleasure due to impairment or dysfunction of normal psychological and neurobiological mechanisms. It is a symptom of many PSYCHOTIC DISORDERS (e.g., DEPRESSIVE DISORDER, MAJOR; and SCHIZOPHRENIA).	0	4.33	16	0
Acne Rosacea [description not available]	0	2.41	1	0
Rosacea A cutaneous disorder primarily of convexities of the central part of the FACE, such as FOREHEAD; CHEEK; NOSE; and CHIN. It is characterized by FLUSHING; ERYTHEMA; EDEMA; RHINOPHYMA; papules; and ocular symptoms. It may occur at any age but typically after age 30. There are various subtypes of rosacea: erythematotelangiectatic, papulopustular, phymatous, and ocular (National Rosacea Society's Expert Committee on the Classification and Staging of Rosacea, J Am Acad Dermatol 2002; 46:584-7).	0	2.41	1	0
Muscle Pain [description not available]	0	6.49	11	4
Myalgia Painful sensation in the muscles.	0	6.49	11	4
Necrosis The death of cells in an organ or tissue due to disease, injury or failure of the blood supply.	0	14.08	113	0
Alcoholic Intoxication An acute brain syndrome which results from the excessive ingestion of ETHANOL or ALCOHOLIC BEVERAGES.	0	10.67	18	0
Orphan Diseases Rare diseases that have not been well studied.	0	3.3	2	0
Postherpetic Neuralgia [description not available]	0	2.76	2	0
Neuralgia, Postherpetic Pain in nerves, frequently involving facial SKIN, resulting from the activation the latent varicella-zoster virus (HERPESVIRUS 3, HUMAN). The two forms of the condition preceding the pain are HERPES ZOSTER OTICUS; and HERPES ZOSTER OPHTHALMICUS. Following the healing of the rashes and blisters, the pain sometimes persists.	0	2.76	2	0
Gulf War Syndrome [description not available]	0	6.33	6	1
Persian Gulf Syndrome Unexplained symptoms reported by veterans of the Persian Gulf War with Iraq in 1991. The symptoms reported include fatigue, skin rash, muscle and joint pain, headaches, loss of memory, shortness of breath, gastrointestinal and respiratory symptoms, and extreme sensitivity to commonly occurring chemicals. (Nature 1994 May 5;369(6475):8)	0	6.33	6	1
Bone Cancer [description not available]	0	6.41	15	0
Osteogenic Sarcoma [description not available]	0	3.52	8	0
Bone Neoplasms Tumors or cancer located in bone tissue or specific BONES.	0	6.41	15	0
Osteosarcoma A sarcoma originating in bone-forming cells, affecting the ends of long bones. It is the most common and most malignant of sarcomas of the bones, and occurs chiefly among 10- to 25-year-old youths. (From Stedman, 25th ed)	0	3.52	8	0
Lactic Acidosis [description not available]	0	5.93	15	0
Acidosis, Lactic Acidosis caused by accumulation of lactic acid more rapidly than it can be metabolized. It may occur spontaneously or in association with diseases such as DIABETES MELLITUS; LEUKEMIA; or LIVER FAILURE.	0	5.93	15	0
Cadmium Poisoning Poisoning occurring after exposure to cadmium compounds or fumes. It may cause gastrointestinal syndromes, anemia, or pneumonitis.	0	2.86	3	0
Acetonemia [description not available]	0	8.55	10	1
Fasting Hypoglycemia HYPOGLYCEMIA expressed in the postabsorptive state, after prolonged FASTING, or an overnight fast.	0	11.55	100	0
Hypoglycemia A syndrome of abnormally low BLOOD GLUCOSE level. Clinical hypoglycemia has diverse etiologies. Severe hypoglycemia eventually lead to glucose deprivation of the CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM resulting in HUNGER; SWEATING; PARESTHESIA; impaired mental function; SEIZURES; COMA; and even DEATH.	0	16.55	100	0
Metabolic Acidosis [description not available]	0	12.38	50	0
Acidosis A pathologic condition of acid accumulation or depletion of base in the body. The two main types are RESPIRATORY ACIDOSIS and metabolic acidosis, due to metabolic acid build up.	0	12.38	50	0
Cirrhosis, Liver [description not available]	0	11.7	39	4
Liver Cirrhosis Liver disease in which the normal microcirculation, the gross vascular anatomy, and the hepatic architecture have been variably destroyed and altered with fibrous septa surrounding regenerated or regenerating parenchymal nodules.	0	11.7	39	4
Carcinoma, Ductal, Pancreatic [description not available]	0	5.15	13	0
Invasiveness, Neoplasm [description not available]	0	7.97	32	0
Carcinoma, Pancreatic Ductal Carcinoma that arises from the PANCREATIC DUCTS. It accounts for the majority of cancers derived from the PANCREAS.	0	5.15	13	0
Cancer of Liver [description not available]	0	5.95	38	0
Liver Neoplasms Tumors or cancer of the LIVER.	0	5.95	38	0
Muscle Spasm [description not available]	0	8.89	11	0
Cryptogenic Infantile Spasms [description not available]	0	6.57	15	1
Spasm An involuntary contraction of a muscle or group of muscles. Spasms may involve SKELETAL MUSCLE or SMOOTH MUSCLE.	0	8.89	11	0
Spasms, Infantile An epileptic syndrome characterized by the triad of infantile spasms, hypsarrhythmia, and arrest of psychomotor development at seizure onset. The majority present between 3-12 months of age, with spasms consisting of combinations of brief flexor or extensor movements of the head, trunk, and limbs. The condition is divided into two forms: cryptogenic (idiopathic) and symptomatic (secondary to a known disease process such as intrauterine infections; nervous system abnormalities; BRAIN DISEASES, METABOLIC, INBORN; prematurity; perinatal asphyxia; TUBEROUS SCLEROSIS; etc.). (From Menkes, Textbook of Child Neurology, 5th ed, pp744-8)	0	6.57	15	1
Retinal Dystrophies A group of disorders involving predominantly the posterior portion of the ocular fundus, due to degeneration in the sensory layer of the RETINA; RETINAL PIGMENT EPITHELIUM; BRUCH MEMBRANE; CHOROID; or a combination of these tissues.	0	3.33	4	0
Cone-Rod Degenerations [description not available]	0	3.33	4	0
Hepatocellular Carcinoma [description not available]	0	5.47	23	0
Carcinoma, Hepatocellular A primary malignant neoplasm of epithelial liver cells. It ranges from a well-differentiated tumor with EPITHELIAL CELLS indistinguishable from normal HEPATOCYTES to a poorly differentiated neoplasm. The cells may be uniform or markedly pleomorphic, or form GIANT CELLS. Several classification schemes have been suggested.	0	5.47	23	0
Inadequate Sleep [description not available]	0	9.95	33	2
Kashin-Beck Disease Disabling osteochondrodysplasia with OSTEOSCLEROSIS, cone-shaped METAPHYSIS, and shortening of the DIAPHYSIS. It is endemic in parts of Siberia and northern China. Mineral deficiencies (e.g., selenium, iodine), fungal cereal contamination, and water contamination may be contributing factors in its etiology.	0	3.52	4	0
Tachyarrhythmia [description not available]	0	3.91	12	0
Tachycardia Abnormally rapid heartbeat, usually with a HEART RATE above 100 beats per minute for adults. Tachycardia accompanied by disturbance in the cardiac depolarization (cardiac arrhythmia) is called tachyarrhythmia.	0	3.91	12	0
Tachypnea Increased RESPIRATORY RATE.	0	2.59	2	0
Respiratory Syndrome, Acute, Severe [description not available]	0	2.31	1	0
Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome A viral disorder characterized by high FEVER, dry COUGH, shortness of breath (DYSPNEA) or breathing difficulties, and atypical PNEUMONIA. A virus in the genus CORONAVIRUS is the suspected agent.	0	2.31	1	0
Acute Onset Aura Migraine [description not available]	0	5.8	14	0
Migraine with Aura A subtype of migraine disorder, characterized by recurrent attacks of reversible neurological symptoms (aura) that precede or accompany the headache. Aura may include a combination of sensory disturbances, such as blurred VISION; HALLUCINATIONS; VERTIGO; NUMBNESS; and difficulty in concentrating and speaking. Aura is usually followed by features of the COMMON MIGRAINE, such as PHOTOPHOBIA; PHONOPHOBIA; and NAUSEA. (International Classification of Headache Disorders, 2nd ed. Cephalalgia 2004: suppl 1)	0	5.8	14	0
Infant, Premature, Diseases Diseases that occur in PREMATURE INFANTS.	0	4.55	5	0
Presbycusis Gradual bilateral hearing loss associated with aging that is due to progressive degeneration of cochlear structures and central auditory pathways. Hearing loss usually begins with the high frequencies then progresses to sounds of middle and low frequencies.	0	5.03	9	0
Manganese Poisoning Manganese poisoning is associated with chronic inhalation of manganese particles by individuals who work with manganese ore. Clinical features include CONFUSION; HALLUCINATIONS; and an extrapyramidal syndrome (PARKINSON DISEASE, SECONDARY) that includes rigidity; DYSTONIA; retropulsion; and TREMOR. (Adams, Principles of Neurology, 6th ed, p1213)	0	6.28	15	0
Encephalomyopathies, Mitochondrial [description not available]	0	2.99	4	0
Anaplastic Oligodendroglioma [description not available]	0	5.27	4	1
Oligodendroglioma A relatively slow-growing glioma that is derived from oligodendrocytes and tends to occur in the cerebral hemispheres, thalamus, or lateral ventricle. They may present at any age, but are most frequent in the third to fifth decades, with an earlier incidence peak in the first decade. Histologically, these tumors are encapsulated, relatively avascular, and tend to form cysts and microcalcifications. Neoplastic cells tend to have small round nuclei surrounded by unstained nuclei. The tumors may vary from well-differentiated to highly anaplastic forms. (From DeVita et al., Cancer: Principles and Practice of Oncology, 5th ed, p2052; Adams et al., Principles of Neurology, 6th ed, p655)	0	5.27	4	1
Adult Spinal Muscular Atrophy [description not available]	0	4.41	8	0
Muscular Atrophy, Spinal A group of disorders marked by progressive degeneration of motor neurons in the spinal cord resulting in weakness and muscular atrophy, usually without evidence of injury to the corticospinal tracts. Diseases in this category include Werdnig-Hoffmann disease and later onset SPINAL MUSCULAR ATROPHIES OF CHILDHOOD, most of which are hereditary. (Adams et al., Principles of Neurology, 6th ed, p1089)	0	4.41	8	0
Mucositis An INFLAMMATION of the MUCOSA with burning or tingling sensation. It is characterized by atrophy of the squamous EPITHELIUM, vascular damage, inflammatory infiltration, and ulceration. It usually occurs at the mucous lining of the MOUTH, the GASTROINTESTINAL TRACT or the airway due to chemical irritations, CHEMOTHERAPY, or radiation therapy (RADIOTHERAPY).	0	2.41	1	0
Rodent Diseases Diseases of rodents of the order RODENTIA. This term includes diseases of Sciuridae (squirrels), Geomyidae (gophers), Heteromyidae (pouched mice), Castoridae (beavers), Cricetidae (rats and mice), Muridae (Old World rats and mice), Erethizontidae (porcupines), and Caviidae (guinea pigs).	0	3	4	0
Motor Disorders Motor skills deficits that significantly and persistently interfere with ACTIVITIES OF DAILY LIVING appropriate to chronological age. (from DSM-5)	0	3.4	5	0
Action Tremor [description not available]	0	4.96	14	0
Tremor Cyclical movement of a body part that can represent either a physiologic process or a manifestation of disease. Intention or action tremor, a common manifestation of CEREBELLAR DISEASES, is aggravated by movement. In contrast, resting tremor is maximal when there is no attempt at voluntary movement, and occurs as a relatively frequent manifestation of PARKINSON DISEASE.	0	4.96	14	0
DIPG Brain Tumors [description not available]	0	2.6	1	0
Diffuse Intrinsic Pontine Glioma A rare, aggressive brain tumor that forms in the GLIAL CELLS in the PONS.	0	2.6	1	0
Gestational Hypertension [description not available]	0	2.6	1	0
Hypertension, Pregnancy-Induced A condition in pregnant women with elevated systolic (	0	2.6	1	0
Astheno Teratozoospermia [description not available]	0	2.59	2	0
Preterm Birth [description not available]	0	4.55	8	0
Premature Birth CHILDBIRTH before 37 weeks of PREGNANCY (259 days from the first day of the mother's last menstrual period, or 245 days after FERTILIZATION).	0	4.55	8	0
Retrolental Fibroplasia [description not available]	0	2.8	3	0
Retinopathy of Prematurity A bilateral retinopathy occurring in premature infants treated with excessively high concentrations of oxygen, characterized by vascular dilatation, proliferation, and tortuosity, edema, and retinal detachment, with ultimate conversion of the retina into a fibrous mass that can be seen as a dense retrolental membrane. Usually growth of the eye is arrested and may result in microophthalmia, and blindness may occur. (Dorland, 27th ed)	0	2.8	3	0
Daytime Sleepiness [description not available]	0	3.99	1	1
Gelineau Syndrome [description not available]	0	5.87	8	1
Disorders of Excessive Somnolence Disorders characterized by hypersomnolence during normal waking hours that may impair cognitive functioning. Subtypes include primary hypersomnia disorders (e.g., IDIOPATHIC HYPERSOMNOLENCE; NARCOLEPSY; and KLEINE-LEVIN SYNDROME) and secondary hypersomnia disorders where excessive somnolence can be attributed to a known cause (e.g., drug affect, MENTAL DISORDERS, and SLEEP APNEA SYNDROME). (From J Neurol Sci 1998 Jan 8;153(2):192-202; Thorpy, Principles and Practice of Sleep Medicine, 2nd ed, p320)	0	3.99	1	1
Narcolepsy A condition characterized by recurrent episodes of daytime somnolence and lapses in consciousness (microsomnias) that may be associated with automatic behaviors and AMNESIA. CATAPLEXY; SLEEP PARALYSIS, and hypnagogic HALLUCINATIONS frequently accompany narcolepsy. The pathophysiology of this disorder includes sleep-onset rapid eye movement (REM) sleep, which normally follows stage III or IV sleep. (From Neurology 1998 Feb;50(2 Suppl 1):S2-S7)	0	5.87	8	1
Encephalopathy, Hepatic [description not available]	0	14.78	139	4
Hepatic Encephalopathy A syndrome characterized by central nervous system dysfunction in association with LIVER FAILURE, including portal-systemic shunts. Clinical features include lethargy and CONFUSION (frequently progressing to COMA); ASTERIXIS; NYSTAGMUS, PATHOLOGIC; brisk oculovestibular reflexes; decorticate and decerebrate posturing; MUSCLE SPASTICITY; and bilateral extensor plantar reflexes (see REFLEX, BABINSKI). ELECTROENCEPHALOGRAPHY may demonstrate triphasic waves. (From Adams et al., Principles of Neurology, 6th ed, pp1117-20; Plum & Posner, Diagnosis of Stupor and Coma, 3rd ed, p222-5)	0	14.78	139	4
Acute Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder [description not available]	0	11.56	39	1
Stress Disorders, Post-Traumatic A class of traumatic stress disorders with symptoms that last more than one month.	0	11.56	39	1
Hypomania [description not available]	0	3.25	4	0
Chronic Lung Injury [description not available]	0	3.1	4	0
Diffuse Myofascial Pain Syndrome [description not available]	0	13.51	39	10
Fibromyalgia A common nonarticular rheumatic syndrome characterized by myalgia and multiple points of focal muscle tenderness to palpation (trigger points). Muscle pain is typically aggravated by inactivity or exposure to cold. This condition is often associated with general symptoms, such as sleep disturbances, fatigue, stiffness, HEADACHES, and occasionally DEPRESSION. There is significant overlap between fibromyalgia and the chronic fatigue syndrome (FATIGUE SYNDROME, CHRONIC). Fibromyalgia may arise as a primary or secondary disease process. It is most frequent in females aged 20 to 50 years. (From Adams et al., Principles of Neurology, 6th ed, p1494-95)	0	13.51	39	10
Elevated ICP (Intracranial Pressure) [description not available]	0	9.59	27	3
Intracranial Hypertension Increased pressure within the cranial vault. This may result from several conditions, including HYDROCEPHALUS; BRAIN EDEMA; intracranial masses; severe systemic HYPERTENSION; PSEUDOTUMOR CEREBRI; and other disorders.	0	9.59	27	3
Adult Neuronal Ceroid Lipofuscinosis [description not available]	0	3.98	13	0
Neuronal Ceroid-Lipofuscinoses A group of severe neurodegenerative diseases characterized by intracellular accumulation of autofluorescent wax-like lipid materials (CEROID; LIPOFUSCIN) in neurons. There are several subtypes based on mutations of the various genes, time of disease onset, and severity of the neurological defects such as progressive DEMENTIA; SEIZURES; and visual failure.	0	3.98	13	0
Cell Transformation, Neoplastic Cell changes manifested by escape from control mechanisms, increased growth potential, alterations in the cell surface, karyotypic abnormalities, morphological and biochemical deviations from the norm, and other attributes conferring the ability to invade, metastasize, and kill.	0	6.68	29	0
Colorectal Cancer [description not available]	0	8.91	12	0
Colorectal Neoplasms Tumors or cancer of the COLON or the RECTUM or both. Risk factors for colorectal cancer include chronic ULCERATIVE COLITIS; FAMILIAL POLYPOSIS COLI; exposure to ASBESTOS; and irradiation of the CERVIX UTERI.	0	3.91	12	0
Vascular Diseases Pathological processes involving any of the BLOOD VESSELS in the cardiac or peripheral circulation. They include diseases of ARTERIES; VEINS; and rest of the vasculature system in the body.	0	5.08	7	0
Brain Inflammation [description not available]	0	10.16	63	0
Encephalitis Inflammation of the BRAIN due to infection, autoimmune processes, toxins, and other conditions. Viral infections (see ENCEPHALITIS, VIRAL) are a relatively frequent cause of this condition.	0	10.16	63	0
Multiple System Atrophy Syndrome [description not available]	0	5.59	6	1
Cortical Lewy Body Disease [description not available]	0	9.77	15	5
Multiple System Atrophy A syndrome complex composed of three conditions which represent clinical variants of the same disease process: STRIATONIGRAL DEGENERATION; SHY-DRAGER SYNDROME; and the sporadic form of OLIVOPONTOCEREBELLAR ATROPHIES. Clinical features include autonomic, cerebellar, and basal ganglia dysfunction. Pathologic examination reveals atrophy of the basal ganglia, cerebellum, pons, and medulla, with prominent loss of autonomic neurons in the brain stem and spinal cord. (From Adams et al., Principles of Neurology, 6th ed, p1076; Baillieres Clin Neurol 1997 Apr;6(1):187-204; Med Clin North Am 1999 Mar;83(2):381-92)	0	5.59	6	1
Lewy Body Disease A neurodegenerative disease characterized by dementia, mild parkinsonism, and fluctuations in attention and alertness. The neuropsychiatric manifestations tend to precede the onset of bradykinesia, MUSCLE RIGIDITY, and other extrapyramidal signs. DELUSIONS and visual HALLUCINATIONS are relatively frequent in this condition. Histologic examination reveals LEWY BODIES in the CEREBRAL CORTEX and BRAIN STEM. SENILE PLAQUES and other pathologic features characteristic of ALZHEIMER DISEASE may also be present. (From Neurology 1997;48:376-380; Neurology 1996;47:1113-1124)	0	9.77	15	5
Concussive Convulsion [description not available]	0	3.9	4	0
Craniocerebral Injuries [description not available]	0	6.56	18	3
Craniocerebral Trauma Traumatic injuries involving the cranium and intracranial structures (i.e., BRAIN; CRANIAL NERVES; MENINGES; and other structures). Injuries may be classified by whether or not the skull is penetrated (i.e., penetrating vs. nonpenetrating) or whether there is an associated hemorrhage.	0	6.56	18	3
Astasia-Abasia [description not available]	0	2.6	1	0
Inborn Urea Cycle Disorder [description not available]	0	2.58	2	0
Carbamoyl Phosphate Synthase (Ammonia) Deficiency Disease [description not available]	0	2.5	2	0
Carbamoyl-Phosphate Synthase I Deficiency Disease A urea cycle disorder manifesting in infancy as lethargy, emesis, seizures, alterations of muscle tone, abnormal eye movements, and an elevation of serum ammonia. The disorder is caused by a reduction in the activity of hepatic mitochondrial CARBAMOYL-PHOSPHATE SYNTHASE (AMMONIA). (Menkes, Textbook of Child Neurology, 5th ed, pp50-1)	0	2.5	2	0
Urea Cycle Disorders, Inborn Rare congenital metabolism disorders of the urea cycle. The disorders are due to mutations that result in complete (neonatal onset) or partial (childhood or adult onset) inactivity of an enzyme, involved in the urea cycle. Neonatal onset results in clinical features that include irritability, vomiting, lethargy, seizures, NEONATAL HYPOTONIA; RESPIRATORY ALKALOSIS; HYPERAMMONEMIA; coma, and death. Survivors of the neonatal onset and childhood/adult onset disorders share common risks for ENCEPHALOPATHIES, METABOLIC, INBORN; and RESPIRATORY ALKALOSIS due to HYPERAMMONEMIA.	0	2.58	2	0
Amaurosis [description not available]	0	4.04	5	0
Blindness The inability to see or the loss or absence of perception of visual stimuli. This condition may be the result of EYE DISEASES; OPTIC NERVE DISEASES; OPTIC CHIASM diseases; or BRAIN DISEASES affecting the VISUAL PATHWAYS or OCCIPITAL LOBE.	0	4.04	5	0
Temporomandibular Disorders [description not available]	0	5.23	11	1
Dentofacial Abnormalities [description not available]	0	2.82	2	0
Temporomandibular Joint Disorders A variety of conditions affecting the anatomic and functional characteristics of the temporomandibular joint. Factors contributing to the complexity of temporomandibular diseases are its relation to dentition and mastication and the symptomatic effects in other areas which account for referred pain to the joint and the difficulties in applying traditional diagnostic procedures to temporomandibular joint pathology where tissue is rarely obtained and x-rays are often inadequate or nonspecific. Common diseases are developmental abnormalities, trauma, subluxation, luxation, arthritis, and neoplasia. (From Thoma's Oral Pathology, 6th ed, pp577-600)	0	5.23	11	1
Bowel Diseases, Inflammatory [description not available]	0	4.13	5	0
Inflammatory Bowel Diseases Chronic, non-specific inflammation of the GASTROINTESTINAL TRACT. Etiology may be genetic or environmental. This term includes CROHN DISEASE and ULCERATIVE COLITIS.	0	4.13	5	0
Alveolitis, Fibrosing [description not available]	0	2.78	3	0
Pulmonary Fibrosis A process in which normal lung tissues are progressively replaced by FIBROBLASTS and COLLAGEN causing an irreversible loss of the ability to transfer oxygen into the bloodstream via PULMONARY ALVEOLI. Patients show progressive DYSPNEA finally resulting in death.	0	2.78	3	0
Fetal Macrosomia A condition of fetal overgrowth leading to a large-for-gestational-age FETUS. It is defined as BIRTH WEIGHT greater than 4,000 grams or above the 90th percentile for population and sex-specific growth curves. It is commonly seen in GESTATIONAL DIABETES; PROLONGED PREGNANCY; and pregnancies complicated by pre-existing diabetes mellitus.	0	2.6	1	0
Acute Edematous Pancreatitis [description not available]	0	3.4	7	0
Acute Disease Disease having a short and relatively severe course.	0	15.51	114	8
Pancreatitis INFLAMMATION of the PANCREAS. Pancreatitis is classified as acute unless there are computed tomographic or endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatographic findings of CHRONIC PANCREATITIS (International Symposium on Acute Pancreatitis, Atlanta, 1992). The two most common forms of acute pancreatitis are ALCOHOLIC PANCREATITIS and gallstone pancreatitis.	0	8.4	7	0
Nearsightedness [description not available]	0	2.81	3	0
Myopia A refractive error in which rays of light entering the EYE parallel to the optic axis are brought to a focus in front of the RETINA when accommodation (ACCOMMODATION, OCULAR) is relaxed. This results from an overly curved CORNEA or from the eyeball being too long from front to back. It is also called nearsightedness.	0	2.81	3	0
Familial Nonmedullary Thyroid Cancer [description not available]	0	9.74	26	1
Cancer of the Thyroid [description not available]	0	10.62	42	1
Chronic Lymphocytic Thyroiditis [description not available]	0	3.95	4	0
Thyroid Neoplasms Tumors or cancer of the THYROID GLAND.	0	10.62	42	1
Hashimoto Disease Chronic autoimmune thyroiditis, characterized by the presence of high serum thyroid AUTOANTIBODIES; GOITER; and HYPOTHYROIDISM.	0	3.95	4	0
Suicidal Ideation A risk factor for suicide attempts and completions, it is the most common of all suicidal behavior, but only a minority of ideators engage in overt self-harm.	0	4.43	7	0
Arrhythmia [description not available]	0	3.73	10	0
Injury, Myocardial Reperfusion [description not available]	0	9.35	33	4
Heart Disease, Ischemic [description not available]	0	11.7	45	3
Arrhythmias, Cardiac Any disturbances of the normal rhythmic beating of the heart or MYOCARDIAL CONTRACTION. Cardiac arrhythmias can be classified by the abnormalities in HEART RATE, disorders of electrical impulse generation, or impulse conduction.	0	3.73	10	0
Myocardial Ischemia A disorder of cardiac function caused by insufficient blood flow to the muscle tissue of the heart. The decreased blood flow may be due to narrowing of the coronary arteries (CORONARY ARTERY DISEASE), to obstruction by a thrombus (CORONARY THROMBOSIS), or less commonly, to diffuse narrowing of arterioles and other small vessels within the heart. Severe interruption of the blood supply to the myocardial tissue may result in necrosis of cardiac muscle (MYOCARDIAL INFARCTION).	0	11.7	45	3
Colitis, Mucous [description not available]	0	5.93	8	1
Diarrhea An increased liquidity or decreased consistency of FECES, such as running stool. Fecal consistency is related to the ratio of water-holding capacity of insoluble solids to total water, rather than the amount of water present. Diarrhea is not hyperdefecation or increased fecal weight.	0	4.08	5	0
Irritable Bowel Syndrome A disorder with chronic or recurrent colonic symptoms without a clearcut etiology. This condition is characterized by chronic or recurrent ABDOMINAL PAIN, bloating, MUCUS in FECES, and an erratic disturbance of DEFECATION.	0	5.93	8	1
Hyperplasia An increase in the number of cells in a tissue or organ without tumor formation. It differs from HYPERTROPHY, which is an increase in bulk without an increase in the number of cells.	0	2.8	3	0
Amyloid Deposits [description not available]	0	6.45	25	0
Organophosphorus Poisoning [description not available]	0	5.41	7	0
Organophosphate Poisoning Poisoning due to exposure to ORGANOPHOSPHORUS COMPOUNDS, such as ORGANOPHOSPHATES; ORGANOTHIOPHOSPHATES; and ORGANOTHIOPHOSPHONATES.	0	5.41	7	0
Anasarca [description not available]	0	12.44	61	1
Edema Abnormal fluid accumulation in TISSUES or body cavities. Most cases of edema are present under the SKIN in SUBCUTANEOUS TISSUE.	0	17.44	61	1
Fetal Growth Restriction [description not available]	0	5.53	15	0
Fetal Growth Retardation Failure of a FETUS to attain expected GROWTH.	0	5.53	15	0
Becker Muscular Dystrophy [description not available]	0	3.19	5	0
Muscular Dystrophy, Duchenne An X-linked recessive muscle disease caused by an inability to synthesize DYSTROPHIN, which is involved with maintaining the integrity of the sarcolemma. Muscle fibers undergo a process that features degeneration and regeneration. Clinical manifestations include proximal weakness in the first few years of life, pseudohypertrophy, cardiomyopathy (see MYOCARDIAL DISEASES), and an increased incidence of impaired mentation. Becker muscular dystrophy is a closely related condition featuring a later onset of disease (usually adolescence) and a slowly progressive course. (Adams et al., Principles of Neurology, 6th ed, p1415)	0	3.19	5	0
Argininosuccinate Synthase Deficiency Disease [description not available]	0	2.76	3	0
Citrullinemia A group of diseases related to a deficiency of the enzyme ARGININOSUCCINATE SYNTHASE which causes an elevation of serum levels of CITRULLINE. In neonates, clinical manifestations include lethargy, hypotonia, and SEIZURES. Milder forms also occur. Childhood and adult forms may present with recurrent episodes of intermittent weakness, lethargy, ATAXIA, behavioral changes, and DYSARTHRIA. (From Menkes, Textbook of Child Neurology, 5th ed, p49)	0	2.76	3	0
Alcoholic Fatty Liver [description not available]	0	2.74	3	0
Cannabis Abuse [description not available]	0	7.06	6	1
Marijuana Abuse Use of marijuana associated with abnormal psychological, social, and or occupational functioning.	0	7.06	6	1
Chronic Pancreatitis [description not available]	0	5.13	3	1
Allergic Reaction [description not available]	0	4.33	7	0
Hypersensitivity Altered reactivity to an antigen, which can result in pathologic reactions upon subsequent exposure to that particular antigen.	0	4.33	7	0
Pancreatitis, Chronic INFLAMMATION of the PANCREAS that is characterized by recurring or persistent ABDOMINAL PAIN with or without STEATORRHEA or DIABETES MELLITUS. It is characterized by the irregular destruction of the pancreatic parenchyma which may be focal, segmental, or diffuse.	0	5.13	3	1
Colicky Pain [description not available]	0	3.06	4	0
Abdominal Pain Sensation of discomfort, distress, or agony in the abdominal region.	0	3.06	4	0
Consciousness, Loss of [description not available]	0	2.78	3	0
Anesthesia A state characterized by loss of feeling or sensation. This depression of nerve function is usually the result of pharmacologic action and is induced to allow performance of surgery or other painful procedures.	0	8.75	106	0
Convulsive Generalized Seizure Disorder [description not available]	0	5.55	16	1
Infection [description not available]	0	4.36	7	0
Labor, Premature [description not available]	0	2.58	2	0
Infections Invasion of the host organism by microorganisms or their toxins or by parasites that can cause pathological conditions or diseases.	0	4.36	7	0
Adrenal Gland Hypofunction [description not available]	0	2.21	1	0
Adrenal Insufficiency Conditions in which the production of adrenal CORTICOSTEROIDS falls below the requirement of the body. Adrenal insufficiency can be caused by defects in the ADRENAL GLANDS, the PITUITARY GLAND, or the HYPOTHALAMUS.	0	2.21	1	0
Cells, Neoplasm Circulating [description not available]	0	2.21	1	0
Cancer of Skin [description not available]	0	5.94	23	0
Skin Neoplasms Tumors or cancer of the SKIN.	0	5.94	23	0
Acute Q Fever [description not available]	0	2.21	1	0
Experimental Mammary Neoplasms [description not available]	0	4.03	5	0
Encephalitis, Limbic [description not available]	0	3.01	4	0
Post-Cardiac Arrest Syndrome A reperfusion syndrome characterized by various pathophysiological processes after CARDIAC ARREST. It may include post-cardiac arrest brain injury (HYPOXIA-ISCHEMIA, BRAIN), cardiocirculatory dysfunction, (e.g., systemic ISCHEMIA), HYPERGLYCEMIA; MULTIPLE ORGAN FAILURE and delayed death.	0	4.51	1	1
Encapsulating Peritoneal Sclerosis [description not available]	0	2.25	1	0
Myositis, Multiple [description not available]	0	2.21	1	0
Dermatomyositis, Adult Type [description not available]	0	2.21	1	0
Idiopathic Inflammatory Myopathies [description not available]	0	2.52	2	0
Dermatomyositis A subacute or chronic inflammatory disease of muscle and skin, marked by proximal muscle weakness and a characteristic skin rash. The illness occurs with approximately equal frequency in children and adults. The skin lesions usually take the form of a purplish rash (or less often an exfoliative dermatitis) involving the nose, cheeks, forehead, upper trunk, and arms. The disease is associated with a complement mediated intramuscular microangiopathy, leading to loss of capillaries, muscle ischemia, muscle-fiber necrosis, and perifascicular atrophy. The childhood form of this disease tends to evolve into a systemic vasculitis. Dermatomyositis may occur in association with malignant neoplasms. (From Adams et al., Principles of Neurology, 6th ed, pp1405-6)	0	2.21	1	0
Myositis Inflammation of a muscle or muscle tissue.	0	2.52	2	0
Polymyositis Diseases characterized by inflammation involving multiple muscles. This may occur as an acute or chronic condition associated with medication toxicity (DRUG TOXICITY); CONNECTIVE TISSUE DISEASES; infections; malignant NEOPLASMS; and other disorders. The term polymyositis is frequently used to refer to a specific clinical entity characterized by subacute or slowly progressing symmetrical weakness primarily affecting the proximal limb and trunk muscles. The illness may occur at any age, but is most frequent in the fourth to sixth decade of life. Weakness of pharyngeal and laryngeal muscles, interstitial lung disease, and inflammation of the myocardium may also occur. Muscle biopsy reveals widespread destruction of segments of muscle fibers and an inflammatory cellular response. (Adams et al., Principles of Neurology, 6th ed, pp1404-9)	0	2.21	1	0
Abnormal Movements [description not available]	0	5.26	11	1
Nociceptive Pain Dull or sharp aching pain caused by stimulated NOCICEPTORS due to tissue injury, inflammation or diseases. It can be divided into somatic or tissue pain and VISCERAL PAIN.	0	5.76	18	0
Addiction, Opioid [description not available]	0	7.11	23	0
Opioid-Related Disorders Disorders related to or resulting from abuse or misuse of OPIOIDS.	0	7.11	23	0
Acid beta-Glucosidase Deficiency [description not available]	0	2.25	1	0
Gaucher Disease An autosomal recessive disorder caused by a deficiency of acid beta-glucosidase (GLUCOSYLCERAMIDASE) leading to intralysosomal accumulation of glycosylceramide mainly in cells of the MONONUCLEAR PHAGOCYTE SYSTEM. The characteristic Gaucher cells, glycosphingolipid-filled HISTIOCYTES, displace normal cells in BONE MARROW and visceral organs causing skeletal deterioration, hepatosplenomegaly, and organ dysfunction. There are several subtypes based on the presence and severity of neurological involvement.	0	2.25	1	0
Anaphylactic Reaction [description not available]	0	3.17	5	0
Allergy, Food [description not available]	0	3.42	7	0
Anaphylaxis An acute hypersensitivity reaction due to exposure to a previously encountered ANTIGEN. The reaction may include rapidly progressing URTICARIA, respiratory distress, vascular collapse, systemic SHOCK, and death.	0	8.17	5	0
Food Hypersensitivity Gastrointestinal disturbances, skin eruptions, or shock due to allergic reactions to allergens in food.	0	3.42	7	0
Adrenal Cancer [description not available]	0	4.64	6	1
Pheochromocytoma, Extra-Adrenal [description not available]	0	3.71	10	0
Pheochromocytoma A usually benign, well-encapsulated, lobular, vascular tumor of chromaffin tissue of the ADRENAL MEDULLA or sympathetic paraganglia. The cardinal symptom, reflecting the increased secretion of EPINEPHRINE and NOREPINEPHRINE, is HYPERTENSION, which may be persistent or intermittent. During severe attacks, there may be HEADACHE; SWEATING, palpitation, apprehension, TREMOR; PALLOR or FLUSHING of the face, NAUSEA and VOMITING, pain in the CHEST and ABDOMEN, and paresthesias of the extremities. The incidence of malignancy is as low as 5% but the pathologic distinction between benign and malignant pheochromocytomas is not clear. (Dorland, 27th ed; DeVita Jr et al., Cancer: Principles & Practice of Oncology, 3d ed, p1298)	0	3.71	10	0
Fra(X) Syndrome [description not available]	0	6.18	21	0
Fragile X Syndrome A condition characterized genotypically by mutation of the distal end of the long arm of the X chromosome (at gene loci FRAXA or FRAXE) and phenotypically by cognitive impairment, hyperactivity, SEIZURES, language delay, and enlargement of the ears, head, and testes. INTELLECTUAL DISABILITY occurs in nearly all males and roughly 50% of females with the full mutation of FRAXA. (From Menkes, Textbook of Child Neurology, 5th ed, p226)	0	6.18	21	0
Autosomal Dominant Juvenile Parkinson Disease [description not available]	0	12.61	99	4
Parkinsonian Disorders A group of disorders which feature impaired motor control characterized by bradykinesia, MUSCLE RIGIDITY; TREMOR; and postural instability. Parkinsonian diseases are generally divided into primary parkinsonism (see PARKINSON DISEASE), secondary parkinsonism (see PARKINSON DISEASE, SECONDARY) and inherited forms. These conditions are associated with dysfunction of dopaminergic or closely related motor integration neuronal pathways in the BASAL GANGLIA.	0	12.61	99	4
Chromosomal Translocation [description not available]	0	3.75	10	0
Anochlesia [description not available]	0	4.6	25	0
Distorted Hearing [description not available]	0	3.38	2	0
Acute Lymphoid Leukemia [description not available]	0	5.77	11	2
Precursor Cell Lymphoblastic Leukemia-Lymphoma A neoplasm characterized by abnormalities of the lymphoid cell precursors leading to excessive lymphoblasts in the marrow and other organs. It is the most common cancer in children and accounts for the vast majority of all childhood leukemias.	0	5.77	11	2
Prodromal Characteristics [description not available]	0	5.95	8	0
Lung Adenocarcinoma [description not available]	0	3.06	4	0
Adenocarcinoma of Lung A carcinoma originating in the lung and the most common lung cancer type in never-smokers. Malignant cells exhibit distinct features such as glandular epithelial, or tubular morphology. Mutations in KRAS, EGFR, BRAF, and ERBB2 genes are associated with this cancer.	0	3.06	4	0
Deficiency, Vitamin D [description not available]	0	2.41	2	0
Vitamin D Deficiency A nutritional condition produced by a deficiency of VITAMIN D in the diet, insufficient production of vitamin D in the skin, inadequate absorption of vitamin D from the diet, or abnormal conversion of vitamin D to its bioactive metabolites. It is manifested clinically as RICKETS in children and OSTEOMALACIA in adults. (From Cecil Textbook of Medicine, 19th ed, p1406)	0	2.41	2	0
Cholera Infantum [description not available]	0	6.3	7	2
Weight Reduction [description not available]	0	5.31	4	1
Amyloid Neuropathy Type 1 [description not available]	0	3.84	11	0
Weight Loss Decrease in existing BODY WEIGHT.	0	5.31	4	1
Amyloid Neuropathies, Familial Inherited disorders of the peripheral nervous system associated with the deposition of AMYLOID in nerve tissue. The different clinical types based on symptoms correspond to the presence of a variety of mutations in several different proteins including transthyretin (PREALBUMIN); APOLIPOPROTEIN A-I; and GELSOLIN.	0	3.84	11	0
Brain Swelling [description not available]	0	14.73	131	3
Brain Edema Increased intracellular or extracellular fluid in brain tissue. Cytotoxic brain edema (swelling due to increased intracellular fluid) is indicative of a disturbance in cell metabolism, and is commonly associated with hypoxic or ischemic injuries (see HYPOXIA, BRAIN). An increase in extracellular fluid may be caused by increased brain capillary permeability (vasogenic edema), an osmotic gradient, local blockages in interstitial fluid pathways, or by obstruction of CSF flow (e.g., obstructive HYDROCEPHALUS). (From Childs Nerv Syst 1992 Sep; 8(6):301-6)	0	14.73	131	3
Aneurysm, Ruptured The tearing or bursting of the weakened wall of the aneurysmal sac, usually heralded by sudden worsening pain. The great danger of a ruptured aneurysm is the large amount of blood spilling into the surrounding tissues and cavities, causing HEMORRHAGIC SHOCK.	0	2.77	3	0
Aneurysm, Anterior Cerebral Artery [description not available]	0	7.39	16	3
Intracranial Aneurysm Abnormal outpouching in the wall of intracranial blood vessels. Most common are the saccular (berry) aneurysms located at branch points in CIRCLE OF WILLIS at the base of the brain. Vessel rupture results in SUBARACHNOID HEMORRHAGE or INTRACRANIAL HEMORRHAGES. Giant aneurysms (	0	7.39	16	3
Labhart-Willi Syndrome [description not available]	0	2.25	1	0
Prader-Willi Syndrome An autosomal dominant disorder caused by deletion of the proximal long arm of the paternal chromosome 15 (15q11-q13) or by inheritance of both of the pair of chromosomes 15 from the mother (UNIPARENTAL DISOMY) which are imprinted (GENETIC IMPRINTING) and hence silenced. Clinical manifestations include MENTAL RETARDATION; MUSCULAR HYPOTONIA; HYPERPHAGIA; OBESITY; short stature; HYPOGONADISM; STRABISMUS; and HYPERSOMNOLENCE. (Menkes, Textbook of Child Neurology, 5th ed, p229)	0	2.25	1	0
Cadaver A dead body, usually a human body.	0	8.88	12	0
Gambling, Pathologic [description not available]	0	5.15	3	1
Gambling An activity distinguished primarily by an element of risk in trying to obtain a desired goal, e.g., playing a game of chance for money.	0	5.15	3	1
Callous-Unemotional Traits [description not available]	0	2.25	1	0
Aggression Behavior which may be manifested by destructive and attacking action which is verbal or physical, by covert attitudes of hostility or by obstructionism.	0	8.51	45	1
Conduct Disorder A repetitive and persistent pattern of behavior in which the basic rights of others or major age-appropriate societal norms or rules are violated. These behaviors include aggressive conduct that causes or threatens physical harm to other people or animals, nonaggressive conduct that causes property loss or damage, deceitfulness or theft, and serious violations of rules. The onset is before age 18. (From DSM-IV, 1994)	0	2.25	1	0
Acute Onset Vascular Dementia [description not available]	0	7.83	18	1
Dementia, Vascular An imprecise term referring to dementia associated with CEREBROVASCULAR DISORDERS, including CEREBRAL INFARCTION (single or multiple), and conditions associated with chronic BRAIN ISCHEMIA. Diffuse, cortical, and subcortical subtypes have been described. (From Gerontol Geriatr 1998 Feb;31(1):36-44)	0	7.83	18	1
Abstinence Syndrome, Neonatal [description not available]	0	2.25	1	0
Neonatal Abstinence Syndrome Fetal and neonatal addiction and withdrawal as a result of the mother's dependence on drugs during pregnancy. Withdrawal or abstinence symptoms develop shortly after birth. Symptoms exhibited are loud, high-pitched crying, sweating, yawning and gastrointestinal disturbances.	0	2.25	1	0
Protein Aggregation, Pathological A biochemical phenomenon in which misfolded proteins aggregate either intra- or extracellularly. Triggered by factors such as MUTATION; POST-TRANSLATIONAL MODIFICATIONS, and environmental stress, it is generally associated with ALZHEIMER DISEASE; PARKINSON DISEASE; HUNTINGTON DISEASE; and TYPE 2 DIABETES MELLITUS.	0	3.39	6	0
Musculoskeletal Pain Discomfort stemming from muscles, LIGAMENTS, tendons, and bones.	0	3.53	2	0
Cardiovascular Stroke [description not available]	0	8.33	32	1
Myocardial Infarction NECROSIS of the MYOCARDIUM caused by an obstruction of the blood supply to the heart (CORONARY CIRCULATION).	0	13.33	32	1
Ventricular Fibrillation A potentially lethal cardiac arrhythmia that is characterized by uncoordinated extremely rapid firing of electrical impulses (400-600/min) in HEART VENTRICLES. Such asynchronous ventricular quivering or fibrillation prevents any effective cardiac output and results in unconsciousness (SYNCOPE). It is one of the major electrocardiographic patterns seen with CARDIAC ARREST.	0	2.74	3	0
Muscle Contraction A process leading to shortening and/or development of tension in muscle tissue. Muscle contraction occurs by a sliding filament mechanism whereby actin filaments slide inward among the myosin filaments.	0	14.66	130	4
Adiadochokinesis [description not available]	0	5.27	12	0
Cerebellar Ataxia Incoordination of voluntary movements that occur as a manifestation of CEREBELLAR DISEASES. Characteristic features include a tendency for limb movements to overshoot or undershoot a target (dysmetria), a tremor that occurs during attempted movements (intention TREMOR), impaired force and rhythm of diadochokinesis (rapidly alternating movements), and GAIT ATAXIA. (From Adams et al., Principles of Neurology, 6th ed, p90)	0	5.27	12	0
Birth Weight The mass or quantity of heaviness of an individual at BIRTH. It is expressed by units of pounds or kilograms.	0	6.9	9	1
Cardiac Toxicity [description not available]	0	2.25	1	0
Cardiotoxicity Damage to the HEART or its function secondary to exposure to toxic substances such as drugs used in CHEMOTHERAPY; IMMUNOTHERAPY; or RADIATION.	0	7.25	1	0
Extravascular Hemolysis [description not available]	0	6.27	19	0
Hemolysis The destruction of ERYTHROCYTES by many different causal agents such as antibodies, bacteria, chemicals, temperature, and changes in tonicity.	0	6.27	19	0
Pyrexia [description not available]	0	5.8	34	0
Fever An abnormal elevation of body temperature, usually as a result of a pathologic process.	0	5.8	34	0
Enterovirus Infections Diseases caused by ENTEROVIRUS.	0	2.76	3	0
Tauopathies Neurodegenerative disorders involving deposition of abnormal tau protein isoforms (TAU PROTEINS) in neurons and glial cells in the brain. Pathological aggregations of tau proteins are associated with mutation of the tau gene on chromosome 17 in patients with ALZHEIMER DISEASE; DEMENTIA; PARKINSONIAN DISORDERS; progressive supranuclear palsy (SUPRANUCLEAR PALSY, PROGRESSIVE); and corticobasal degeneration.	0	4.83	11	0
Anxiety Neuroses [description not available]	0	11.68	41	2
Anxiety Disorders Persistent and disabling ANXIETY.	0	11.68	41	2
Audiogenic Epilepsy [description not available]	0	4.92	13	0
Epilepsy, Reflex A subtype of epilepsy characterized by seizures that are consistently provoked by a certain specific stimulus. Auditory, visual, and somatosensory stimuli as well as the acts of writing, reading, eating, and decision making are examples of events or activities that may induce seizure activity in affected individuals. (From Neurol Clin 1994 Feb;12(1):57-8)	0	4.92	13	0
Stammering [description not available]	0	2.82	3	0
Stuttering A disturbance in the normal fluency and time patterning of speech that is inappropriate for the individual's age. This disturbance is characterized by frequent repetitions or prolongations of sounds or syllables. Various other types of speech dysfluencies may also be involved including interjections, broken words, audible or silent blocking, circumlocutions, words produced with an excess of physical tension, and monosyllabic whole word repetitions. Stuttering may occur as a developmental condition in childhood or as an acquired disorder which may be associated with BRAIN INFARCTIONS and other BRAIN DISEASES. (From DSM-IV, 1994)	0	2.82	3	0
Psychophysiologic Disorders A group of disorders characterized by physical symptoms that are affected by emotional factors and involve a single organ system, usually under AUTONOMIC NERVOUS SYSTEM control. (American Psychiatric Glossary, 1988)	0	2.25	1	0
Clerambault Syndrome [description not available]	0	5.85	10	0
Acquired-Immune Deficiency Syndrome Dementia Complex [description not available]	0	11.14	50	2
AIDS Dementia Complex A neurologic condition associated with the ACQUIRED IMMUNODEFICIENCY SYNDROME and characterized by impaired concentration and memory, slowness of hand movements, ATAXIA, incontinence, apathy, and gait difficulties associated with HIV-1 viral infection of the central nervous system. Pathologic examination of the brain reveals white matter rarefaction, perivascular infiltrates of lymphocytes, foamy macrophages, and multinucleated giant cells. (From Adams et al., Principles of Neurology, 6th ed, pp760-1; N Engl J Med, 1995 Apr 6;332(14):934-40)	0	11.14	50	2
Congenital Myotonic Dystrophy [description not available]	0	2.25	1	0
Myotonic Dystrophy Neuromuscular disorder characterized by PROGRESSIVE MUSCULAR ATROPHY; MYOTONIA, and various multisystem atrophies. Mild INTELLECTUAL DISABILITY may also occur. Abnormal TRINUCLEOTIDE REPEAT EXPANSION in the 3' UNTRANSLATED REGIONS of DMPK PROTEIN gene is associated with Myotonic Dystrophy 1. DNA REPEAT EXPANSION of zinc finger protein-9 gene intron is associated with Myotonic Dystrophy 2.	0	2.25	1	0
Alcohol Related Neurodevelopmental Disorder [description not available]	0	6.83	13	0
Burnout, Professional An excessive stress reaction to one's occupational or professional environment. It may be characterized by feelings of emotional and physical exhaustion, coupled with a sense of frustration and failure.	0	2.25	1	0
Job Stress [description not available]	0	2.25	1	0
Adjustment Disorder [description not available]	0	2.25	1	0
Adjustment Disorders Maladaptive reactions to identifiable psychosocial stressors occurring within a short time after onset of the stressor. They are manifested by either impairment in social or occupational functioning or by symptoms (depression, anxiety, etc.) that are in excess of a normal and expected reaction to the stressor.	0	2.25	1	0
Azoospermia A condition of having no sperm present in the ejaculate (SEMEN).	0	2.25	1	0
Complications of Diabetes Mellitus [description not available]	0	4.47	8	0
Autosomal Dominant Striatonigral Degeneration [description not available]	0	3.96	4	0
Machado-Joseph Disease A dominantly-inherited ATAXIA first described in people of Azorean and Portuguese descent, and subsequently identified in Brazil, Japan, China, and Australia. This disorder is classified as one of the SPINOCEREBELLAR ATAXIAS (Type 3) and has been associated with a mutation of the MJD1 gene on chromosome 14. Clinical features include progressive ataxia, DYSARTHRIA, postural instability, nystagmus, eyelid retraction, and facial FASCICULATIONS. DYSTONIA is prominent in younger patients (referred to as Type I Machado-Joseph Disease). Type II features ataxia and ocular signs; Type III features MUSCULAR ATROPHY and a sensorimotor neuropathy; and Type IV features extrapyramidal signs combined with a sensorimotor neuropathy. (From Clin Neurosci 1995;3(1):17-22; Ann Neurol 1998 Mar;43(3):288-96)	0	3.96	4	0
Hyperglycemia, Postprandial Abnormally high BLOOD GLUCOSE level after a meal.	0	6.96	27	1
Diabetic Retinopathy Disease of the RETINA as a complication of DIABETES MELLITUS. It is characterized by the progressive microvascular complications, such as ANEURYSM, interretinal EDEMA, and intraocular PATHOLOGIC NEOVASCULARIZATION.	0	14.47	38	1
Hyperglycemia Abnormally high BLOOD GLUCOSE level.	0	6.96	27	1
Anoxia-Ischemia, Brain [description not available]	0	11.09	111	2
Hypoxia-Ischemia, Brain A disorder characterized by a reduction of oxygen in the blood combined with reduced blood flow (ISCHEMIA) to the brain from a localized obstruction of a cerebral artery or from systemic hypoperfusion. Prolonged hypoxia-ischemia is associated with ISCHEMIC ATTACK, TRANSIENT; BRAIN INFARCTION; BRAIN EDEMA; COMA; and other conditions.	0	11.09	111	2
Electron Transport Chain Deficiencies, Mitochondrial [description not available]	0	5.86	21	0
Encephalomyelitis, Subacute Necrotizing [description not available]	0	3.03	4	0
Leigh Disease A group of metabolic disorders primarily of infancy characterized by the subacute onset of psychomotor retardation, hypotonia, ataxia, weakness, vision loss, eye movement abnormalities, seizures, dysphagia, and lactic acidosis. Pathological features include spongy degeneration of the neuropile of the basal ganglia, thalamus, brain stem, and spinal cord. Patterns of inheritance include X-linked recessive, autosomal recessive, and mitochondrial. Leigh disease has been associated with mutations in genes for the PYRUVATE DEHYDROGENASE COMPLEX; CYTOCHROME-C OXIDASE; ATP synthase subunit 6; and subunits of mitochondrial complex I. (From Menkes, Textbook of Child Neurology, 5th ed, p850).	0	3.03	4	0
Mitochondrial Diseases Diseases caused by abnormal function of the MITOCHONDRIA. They may be caused by mutations, acquired or inherited, in mitochondrial DNA or in nuclear genes that code for mitochondrial components. They may also be the result of acquired mitochondria dysfunction due to adverse effects of drugs, infections, or other environmental causes.	0	5.86	21	0
Apnea, Obstructive Sleep [description not available]	0	4.98	8	1
Sleep Apnea, Obstructive A disorder characterized by recurrent apneas during sleep despite persistent respiratory efforts. It is due to upper airway obstruction. The respiratory pauses may induce HYPERCAPNIA or HYPOXIA. Cardiac arrhythmias and elevation of systemic and pulmonary arterial pressures may occur. Frequent partial arousals occur throughout sleep, resulting in relative SLEEP DEPRIVATION and daytime tiredness. Associated conditions include OBESITY; ACROMEGALY; MYXEDEMA; micrognathia; MYOTONIC DYSTROPHY; adenotonsilar dystrophy; and NEUROMUSCULAR DISEASES. (From Adams et al., Principles of Neurology, 6th ed, p395)	0	4.98	8	1
Cirrhosis [description not available]	0	3.48	2	0
Fibrosis Any pathological condition where fibrous connective tissue invades any organ, usually as a consequence of inflammation or other injury.	0	3.48	2	0
Convulsions, Febrile [description not available]	0	3.64	8	0
Seizures, Febrile Seizures that occur during a febrile episode. It is a common condition, affecting 2-5% of children aged 3 months to five years. An autosomal dominant pattern of inheritance has been identified in some families. The majority are simple febrile seizures (generally defined as generalized onset, single seizures with a duration of less than 30 minutes). Complex febrile seizures are characterized by focal onset, duration greater than 30 minutes, and/or more than one seizure in a 24 hour period. The likelihood of developing epilepsy (i.e., a nonfebrile seizure disorder) following simple febrile seizures is low. Complex febrile seizures are associated with a moderately increased incidence of epilepsy. (From Menkes, Textbook of Child Neurology, 5th ed, p784)	0	3.64	8	0
Atrial Septal Defect [description not available]	0	2.25	1	0
Convulsions, Grand Mal [description not available]	0	3.89	12	0
Epilepsy, Tonic-Clonic A generalized seizure disorder characterized by recurrent major motor seizures. The initial brief tonic phase is marked by trunk flexion followed by diffuse extension of the trunk and extremities. The clonic phase features rhythmic flexor contractions of the trunk and limbs, pupillary dilation, elevations of blood pressure and pulse, urinary incontinence, and tongue biting. This is followed by a profound state of depressed consciousness (post-ictal state) which gradually improves over minutes to hours. The disorder may be cryptogenic, familial, or symptomatic (caused by an identified disease process). (From Adams et al., Principles of Neurology, 6th ed, p329)	0	3.89	12	0
Experimental Spinal Cord Ischemia [description not available]	0	4.23	6	0
Epilepsy Progressive Myoclonic 2 [description not available]	0	2.63	2	0
Body Weight, Fetal [description not available]	0	2.76	3	0
Tardive Dystonia [description not available]	0	3.5	2	0
Tardive Dyskinesia Drug-related movement disorder characterized by uncontrollable movements in certain muscles. It is associated with a long-term exposure to certain neuroleptic medications (e.g., METOCLOPRAMIDE).	0	3.5	2	0
Autism-Dementia-Ataxia-Loss of Purposeful Hand Use Syndrome [description not available]	0	6.96	26	1
Rett Syndrome An inherited neurological developmental disorder that is associated with X-LINKED INHERITANCE and may be lethal in utero to hemizygous males. The affected female is normal until the age of 6-25 months when progressive loss of voluntary control of hand movements and communication skills; ATAXIA; SEIZURES; autistic behavior; intermittent HYPERVENTILATION; and HYPERAMMONEMIA appear. (From Menkes, Textbook of Child Neurology, 5th ed, p199)	0	6.96	26	1
Carcinoma, Papillary, Follicular A thyroid neoplasm of mixed papillary and follicular arrangement. Its biological behavior and prognosis is the same as that of a papillary adenocarcinoma of the thyroid. (From DeVita Jr et al., Cancer: Principles & Practice of Oncology, 3d ed, p1271)	0	2.25	1	0
Disease Resistance The capacity of an organism to defend itself against pathological processes or the agents of those processes. This most often involves innate immunity whereby the organism responds to pathogens in a generic way. The term disease resistance is used most frequently when referring to plants.	0	4.35	6	0
Infant, Newborn, Diseases Diseases of newborn infants present at birth (congenital) or developing within the first month of birth. It does not include hereditary diseases not manifesting at birth or within the first 30 days of life nor does it include inborn errors of metabolism. Both HEREDITARY DISEASES and METABOLISM, INBORN ERRORS are available as general concepts.	0	5.09	5	0
Trichotillomania Compulsion to pull out one's hair.	0	3.42	2	0
Osteoarthritis of Knee [description not available]	0	2.77	3	0
Osteoarthritis, Knee Noninflammatory degenerative disease of the knee joint consisting of three large categories: conditions that block normal synchronous movement, conditions that produce abnormal pathways of motion, and conditions that cause stress concentration resulting in changes to articular cartilage. (Crenshaw, Campbell's Operative Orthopaedics, 8th ed, p2019)	0	2.77	3	0
DDPAC [description not available]	0	5	8	0
Frontotemporal Dementia The most common clinical form of FRONTOTEMPORAL LOBAR DEGENERATION, this dementia presents with personality and behavioral changes often associated with disinhibition, apathy, and lack of insight.	0	5	8	0
Cerebral Pseudosclerosis [description not available]	0	4.75	6	1
Dyskinesia Syndromes [description not available]	0	9.18	39	0
Hepatolenticular Degeneration A rare autosomal recessive disease characterized by the deposition of copper in the BRAIN; LIVER; CORNEA; and other organs. It is caused by defects in the ATP7B gene encoding copper-transporting ATPase 2 (EC 3.6.3.4), also known as the Wilson disease protein. The overload of copper inevitably leads to progressive liver and neurological dysfunction such as LIVER CIRRHOSIS; TREMOR; ATAXIA and intellectual deterioration. Hepatic dysfunction may precede neurologic dysfunction by several years.	0	4.75	6	1
Movement Disorders Syndromes which feature DYSKINESIAS as a cardinal manifestation of the disease process. Included in this category are degenerative, hereditary, post-infectious, medication-induced, post-inflammatory, and post-traumatic conditions.	0	9.18	39	0
Local Neoplasm Recurrence [description not available]	0	3.05	4	0
Lassitude [description not available]	0	6.38	17	0
Fatigue The state of weariness following a period of exertion, mental or physical, characterized by a decreased capacity for work and reduced efficiency to respond to stimuli.	0	6.38	17	0
Teratogenesis The formation of CONGENITAL ABNORMALITIES.	0	2.38	2	0
Hyponatremia Deficiency of sodium in the blood; salt depletion. (Dorland, 27th ed)	0	3.43	7	0
Hyperhomocysteinemia Condition in which the plasma levels of homocysteine and related metabolites are elevated (	0	5.17	10	0
Medically Unexplained Symptoms Persistent health symptoms which remain unexplained after a complete medical evaluation. A cluster of symptoms that consistently appear together but without a known cause are referred to as a MEDICALLY UNEXPLAINED SYNDROME (MUS).	0	2.25	1	0
Visceral Pain Pain originating from internal organs (VISCERA) associated with autonomic phenomena (PALLOR; SWEATING; NAUSEA; and VOMITING). It often becomes a REFERRED PAIN.	0	2.83	3	0
Feminization Development of female secondary SEX CHARACTERISTICS in the MALE. It is due to the effects of estrogenic metabolites of precursors from endogenous or exogenous sources, such as ADRENAL GLANDS or therapeutic drugs.	0	2.5	2	0
Injuries Used with anatomic headings, animals, and sports for wounds and injuries. Excludes cell damage, for which pathology is used.	0	10.07	16	0
Wounds and Injuries Damage inflicted on the body as the direct or indirect result of an external force, with or without disruption of structural continuity.	0	5.07	16	0
Peripheral Nerve Diseases [description not available]	0	15.07	57	10
Peripheral Nervous System Diseases Diseases of the peripheral nerves external to the brain and spinal cord, which includes diseases of the nerve roots, ganglia, plexi, autonomic nerves, sensory nerves, and motor nerves.	0	15.07	57	10
Bradykinesia [description not available]	0	3.29	6	0
As If Personality [description not available]	0	2.51	2	0
Impaired Glucose Tolerance [description not available]	0	3.88	4	0
Glucose Intolerance A pathological state in which BLOOD GLUCOSE level is less than approximately 140 mg/100 ml of PLASMA at fasting, and above approximately 200 mg/100 ml plasma at 30-, 60-, or 90-minute during a GLUCOSE TOLERANCE TEST. This condition is seen frequently in DIABETES MELLITUS, but also occurs with other diseases and MALNUTRITION.	0	3.88	4	0
Auricular Fibrillation [description not available]	0	2.74	3	0
Cardiac Failure [description not available]	0	11.13	31	2
Atrial Fibrillation Abnormal cardiac rhythm that is characterized by rapid, uncoordinated firing of electrical impulses in the upper chambers of the heart (HEART ATRIA). In such case, blood cannot be effectively pumped into the lower chambers of the heart (HEART VENTRICLES). It is caused by abnormal impulse generation.	0	2.74	3	0
Heart Failure A heterogeneous condition in which the heart is unable to pump out sufficient blood to meet the metabolic need of the body. Heart failure can be caused by structural defects, functional abnormalities (VENTRICULAR DYSFUNCTION), or a sudden overload beyond its capacity. Chronic heart failure is more common than acute heart failure which results from sudden insult to cardiac function, such as MYOCARDIAL INFARCTION.	0	11.13	31	2
Infant, Small for Gestational Age An infant having a birth weight lower than expected for its gestational age.	0	2.86	3	0
Psychoses, Drug [description not available]	0	14.3	34	10
Overweight A status with BODY WEIGHT that is above certain standards. In the scale of BODY MASS INDEX, overweight is defined as having a BMI of 25.0-29.9 kg/m2. Overweight may or may not be due to increases in body fat (ADIPOSE TISSUE), hence overweight does not equal over fat.	0	3.03	4	0
Alogia [description not available]	0	3.93	2	0
Aphasia A cognitive disorder marked by an impaired ability to comprehend or express language in its written or spoken form. This condition is caused by diseases which affect the language areas of the dominant hemisphere. Clinical features are used to classify the various subtypes of this condition. General categories include receptive, expressive, and mixed forms of aphasia.	0	3.93	2	0
Liver Steatosis [description not available]	0	6.05	10	1
Fatty Liver Lipid infiltration of the hepatic parenchymal cells resulting in a yellow-colored liver. The abnormal lipid accumulation is usually in the form of TRIGLYCERIDES, either as a single large droplet or multiple small droplets. Fatty liver is caused by an imbalance in the metabolism of FATTY ACIDS.	0	6.05	10	1
Eye Disorders [description not available]	0	4.99	6	0
Eye Diseases Diseases affecting the eye.	0	4.99	6	0
Infections, Chlamydia [description not available]	0	2.57	2	0
Chlamydia Infections Infections with bacteria of the genus CHLAMYDIA.	0	2.57	2	0
Poisoning, Lead [description not available]	0	5.1	10	0
Lead Poisoning Poisoning that results from chronic or acute ingestion, injection, inhalation, or skin absorption of LEAD or lead compounds.	0	5.1	10	0
Cerebral Cortical Dysplasia [description not available]	0	3.69	9	0
Infections, Coronavirus [description not available]	0	2.8	3	0
Pneumonia, Viral Inflammation of the lung parenchyma that is caused by a viral infection.	0	2.25	1	0
Coronavirus Infections Virus diseases caused by the CORONAVIRUS genus. Some specifics include transmissible enteritis of turkeys (ENTERITIS, TRANSMISSIBLE, OF TURKEYS); FELINE INFECTIOUS PERITONITIS; and transmissible gastroenteritis of swine (GASTROENTERITIS, TRANSMISSIBLE, OF SWINE).	0	2.8	3	0
Appetite Disorders [description not available]	0	3.93	4	0
Feeding and Eating Disorders A group of disorders characterized by physiological and psychological disturbances in appetite or food intake.	0	3.93	4	0
Grippe [description not available]	0	4.07	5	0
Influenza, Human An acute viral infection in humans involving the respiratory tract. It is marked by inflammation of the NASAL MUCOSA; the PHARYNX; and conjunctiva, and by headache and severe, often generalized, myalgia.	0	4.07	5	0
Amnesia, Anterograde Loss of the ability to form new memories beyond a certain point in time. This condition may be organic or psychogenic in origin. Organically induced anterograde amnesia may follow CRANIOCEREBRAL TRAUMA; SEIZURES; ANOXIA; and other conditions which adversely affect neural structures associated with memory formation (e.g., the HIPPOCAMPUS; FORNIX (BRAIN); MAMMILLARY BODIES; and ANTERIOR THALAMIC NUCLEI). (From Memory 1997 Jan-Mar;5(1-2):49-71)	0	2.49	2	0
Atherogenesis [description not available]	0	4.61	9	0
Atherosclerosis A thickening and loss of elasticity of the walls of ARTERIES that occurs with formation of ATHEROSCLEROTIC PLAQUES within the ARTERIAL INTIMA.	0	4.61	9	0
Kahler Disease [description not available]	0	3.87	4	0
Multiple Myeloma A malignancy of mature PLASMA CELLS engaging in monoclonal immunoglobulin production. It is characterized by hyperglobulinemia, excess Bence-Jones proteins (free monoclonal IMMUNOGLOBULIN LIGHT CHAINS) in the urine, skeletal destruction, bone pain, and fractures. Other features include ANEMIA; HYPERCALCEMIA; and RENAL INSUFFICIENCY.	0	3.87	4	0
Familial Hibernation (Kleine-Levin) Syndrome [description not available]	0	2.31	1	0
Constriction, Pathological [description not available]	0	2.55	2	0
Constriction, Pathologic The condition of an anatomical structure's being constricted beyond normal dimensions.	0	2.55	2	0
Aging, Premature Changes in the organism associated with senescence, occurring at an accelerated rate.	0	2.31	1	0
Epilepsy Syndromes [description not available]	0	2.72	2	0
Epileptic Syndromes EPILEPTIC SEIZURES that are of similar type and age of onset and have other similar features (e.g., clinical course, EEG findings, genetic association and neuropathology).	0	2.72	2	0
Altitude Hypoxia Low ambient oxygen tension associated with ALTITUDE.	0	3.15	5	0
Altitude Sickness Multiple symptoms associated with reduced oxygen at high ALTITUDE.	0	3.15	5	0
Chronic Fatigue and Immune Dysfunction Syndrome [description not available]	0	4.05	5	0
Fatigue Syndrome, Chronic A syndrome characterized by persistent or recurrent fatigue, diffuse musculoskeletal pain, sleep disturbances, and subjective cognitive impairment of 6 months duration or longer. Symptoms are not caused by ongoing exertion; are not relieved by rest; and result in a substantial reduction of previous levels of occupational, educational, social, or personal activities. Minor alterations of immune, neuroendocrine, and autonomic function may be associated with this syndrome. There is also considerable overlap between this condition and FIBROMYALGIA. (From Semin Neurol 1998;18(2):237-42; Ann Intern Med 1994 Dec 15;121(12): 953-9)	0	4.05	5	0
Amphetamine Abuse [description not available]	0	6.85	23	0
Amphetamine-Related Disorders Disorders related or resulting from use of amphetamines.	0	6.85	23	0
Sunburn An injury to the skin causing erythema, tenderness, and sometimes blistering and resulting from excessive exposure to the sun. The reaction is produced by the ultraviolet radiation in sunlight.	0	2.41	1	0
Degenerative Disc Disease [description not available]	0	2.61	2	0
Intervertebral Disc Degeneration Degenerative changes in the INTERVERTEBRAL DISC due to aging or structural damage, especially to the vertebral end-plates.	0	2.61	2	0
Amyloidosis, Hereditary [description not available]	0	2.97	4	0
Corneal Diseases Diseases of the cornea.	0	2.31	1	0
Corneal Dystrophies [description not available]	0	2.76	3	0
Amyloidosis A group of sporadic, familial and/or inherited, degenerative, and infectious disease processes, linked by the common theme of abnormal protein folding and deposition of AMYLOID. As the amyloid deposits enlarge they displace normal tissue structures, causing disruption of function. Various signs and symptoms depend on the location and size of the deposits.	0	3.81	11	0
Amyloidosis, Familial Diseases in which there is a familial pattern of AMYLOIDOSIS.	0	2.97	4	0
Hakim Syndrome [description not available]	0	2.76	3	0
Hydrocephalus, Normal Pressure A form of compensated hydrocephalus characterized clinically by a slowly progressive gait disorder (see GAIT DISORDERS, NEUROLOGIC), progressive intellectual decline, and URINARY INCONTINENCE. Spinal fluid pressure tends to be in the high normal range. This condition may result from processes which interfere with the absorption of CSF including SUBARACHNOID HEMORRHAGE, chronic MENINGITIS, and other conditions. (From Adams et al., Principles of Neurology, 6th ed, pp631-3)	0	2.76	3	0
Diseases, Metabolic [description not available]	0	6.73	15	0
Metabolic Diseases Generic term for diseases caused by an abnormal metabolic process. It can be congenital due to inherited enzyme abnormality (METABOLISM, INBORN ERRORS) or acquired due to disease of an endocrine organ or failure of a metabolically important organ such as the liver. (Stedman, 26th ed)	0	6.73	15	0
Dermatitis Any inflammation of the skin.	0	7.91	4	0
Viral Diseases [description not available]	0	3.23	1	0
Virus Diseases A general term for diseases caused by viruses.	0	3.23	1	0
Binge Alcohol Consumption [description not available]	0	3.11	4	0
Agitation, Psychomotor [description not available]	0	4.33	7	0
Psychomotor Agitation A feeling of restlessness associated with increased motor activity. This may occur as a manifestation of nervous system drug toxicity or other conditions.	0	4.33	7	0
Hyperactivity, Motor [description not available]	0	4.77	30	0
Atherosclerotic Parkinsonism [description not available]	0	7.88	32	0
Parkinson Disease, Secondary Conditions which feature clinical manifestations resembling primary Parkinson disease that are caused by a known or suspected condition. Examples include parkinsonism caused by vascular injury, drugs, trauma, toxin exposure, neoplasms, infections and degenerative or hereditary conditions. Clinical features may include bradykinesia, rigidity, parkinsonian gait, and masked facies. In general, tremor is less prominent in secondary parkinsonism than in the primary form. (From Joynt, Clinical Neurology, 1998, Ch38, pp39-42)	0	7.88	32	0
Alexander Disease Rare leukoencephalopathy with infantile-onset accumulation of Rosenthal fibers in the subpial, periventricular, and subependymal zones of the brain. Rosenthal fibers are GLIAL FIBRILLARY ACIDIC PROTEIN aggregates found in ASTROCYTES. Juvenile- and adult-onset types show progressive atrophy of the lower brainstem instead. De novo mutations in the GFAP gene are associated with the disease with propensity for paternal inheritance.	0	4.24	6	0
Cardiac Hypertrophy Enlargement of the HEART due to chamber HYPERTROPHY, an increase in wall thickness without an increase in the number of cells (MYOCYTES, CARDIAC). It is the result of increase in myocyte size, mitochondrial and myofibrillar mass, as well as changes in extracellular matrix.	0	3.65	9	0
Cardiomegaly Enlargement of the HEART, usually indicated by a cardiothoracic ratio above 0.50. Heart enlargement may involve the right, the left, or both HEART VENTRICLES or HEART ATRIA. Cardiomegaly is a nonspecific symptom seen in patients with chronic systolic heart failure (HEART FAILURE) or several forms of CARDIOMYOPATHIES.	0	3.65	9	0
Hypercapnia A clinical manifestation of abnormal increase in the amount of carbon dioxide in arterial blood.	0	4.34	19	0
Electrolytes Substances that dissociate into two or more ions, to some extent, in water. Solutions of electrolytes thus conduct an electric current and can be decomposed by it (ELECTROLYSIS). (Grant & Hackh's Chemical Dictionary, 5th ed)	0	6.52	29	0
Metastase [description not available]	0	5.85	13	0
Neoplasm Metastasis The transfer of a neoplasm from one organ or part of the body to another remote from the primary site.	0	5.85	13	0
Hyperoxia An abnormal increase in the amount of oxygen in the tissues and organs.	0	4.67	10	0
Atrophy, Muscle [description not available]	0	4.47	5	1
Muscular Atrophy Derangement in size and number of muscle fibers occurring with aging, reduction in blood supply, or following immobilization, prolonged weightlessness, malnutrition, and particularly in denervation.	0	4.47	5	1
Infections, Helicobacter [description not available]	0	4.24	6	0
Helicobacter Infections Infections with organisms of the genus HELICOBACTER, particularly, in humans, HELICOBACTER PYLORI. The clinical manifestations are focused in the stomach, usually the gastric mucosa and antrum, and the upper duodenum. This infection plays a major role in the pathogenesis of type B gastritis and peptic ulcer disease.	0	4.24	6	0
Day Blindness [description not available]	0	3.68	3	0
Koch's Disease [description not available]	0	4.96	15	0
Tuberculosis Any of the infectious diseases of man and other animals caused by species of MYCOBACTERIUM TUBERCULOSIS.	0	4.96	15	0
Central Nervous System Toxoplasmosis [description not available]	0	2.59	2	0
Toxoplasmosis, Cerebral Infections of the BRAIN caused by the protozoan TOXOPLASMA gondii that primarily arise in individuals with IMMUNOLOGIC DEFICIENCY SYNDROMES (see also AIDS-RELATED OPPORTUNISTIC INFECTIONS). The infection may involve the brain diffusely or form discrete abscesses. Clinical manifestations include SEIZURES, altered mentation, headache, focal neurologic deficits, and INTRACRANIAL HYPERTENSION. (From Joynt, Clinical Neurology, 1998, Ch27, pp41-3)	0	2.59	2	0
Adenocarcinoma Of Kidney [description not available]	0	4.11	5	0
Cancer of Kidney [description not available]	0	5.87	8	1
Carcinoma, Renal Cell A heterogeneous group of sporadic or hereditary carcinoma derived from cells of the KIDNEYS. There are several subtypes including the clear cells, the papillary, the chromophobe, the collecting duct, the spindle cells (sarcomatoid), or mixed cell-type carcinoma.	0	4.11	5	0
Kidney Neoplasms Tumors or cancers of the KIDNEY.	0	5.87	8	1
Amino Acid Metabolism Disorders, Inborn [description not available]	0	7.15	24	0
Dementia Multi-Infarct [description not available]	0	2.31	1	0
Eczema, Atopic [description not available]	0	2.49	2	0
Sensation Disorders Disorders of the special senses (i.e., VISION; HEARING; TASTE; and SMELL) or somatosensory system (i.e., afferent components of the PERIPHERAL NERVOUS SYSTEM).	0	2.51	2	0
Dermatitis, Atopic A chronic inflammatory genetically determined disease of the skin marked by increased ability to form reagin (IgE), with increased susceptibility to allergic rhinitis and asthma, and hereditary disposition to a lowered threshold for pruritus. It is manifested by lichenification, excoriation, and crusting, mainly on the flexural surfaces of the elbow and knee. In infants it is known as infantile eczema.	0	2.49	2	0
Hypertrophy General increase in bulk of a part or organ due to CELL ENLARGEMENT and accumulation of FLUIDS AND SECRETIONS, not due to tumor formation, nor to an increase in the number of cells (HYPERPLASIA).	0	9.91	8	1
Pulmonary Arterial Remodeling [description not available]	0	3.99	4	0
Pulmonary Hypertension [description not available]	0	3.06	4	0
Hypertension, Pulmonary Increased VASCULAR RESISTANCE in the PULMONARY CIRCULATION, usually secondary to HEART DISEASES or LUNG DISEASES.	0	3.06	4	0
Dystonia An attitude or posture due to the co-contraction of agonists and antagonist muscles in one region of the body. It most often affects the large axial muscles of the trunk and limb girdles. Conditions which feature persistent or recurrent episodes of dystonia as a primary manifestation of disease are referred to as DYSTONIC DISORDERS. (Adams et al., Principles of Neurology, 6th ed, p77)	0	4.34	7	0
Fungal Diseases [description not available]	0	3.79	3	0
Mycoses Diseases caused by FUNGI.	0	3.79	3	0
Electrocardiogram QT Prolonged [description not available]	0	3.15	5	0
Polysyndactyly [description not available]	0	2.52	2	0
Long QT Syndrome A condition that is characterized by episodes of fainting (SYNCOPE) and varying degree of ventricular arrhythmia as indicated by the prolonged QT interval. The inherited forms are caused by mutation of genes encoding cardiac ion channel proteins. The two major forms are ROMANO-WARD SYNDROME and JERVELL-LANGE NIELSEN SYNDROME.	0	3.15	5	0
Anoxia, Brain [description not available]	0	11.09	114	2
Binge Eating [description not available]	0	2.15	1	0
Bulimia Eating an excess amount of food in a short period of time, as seen in the disorder of BULIMIA NERVOSA. It is caused by an abnormal craving for food, or insatiable hunger also known as ox hunger.	0	2.15	1	0
Bacterial Disease [description not available]	0	4.33	7	0
Bacterial Infections Infections by bacteria, general or unspecified.	0	4.33	7	0
Angiogenesis, Pathologic [description not available]	0	4.82	7	0
CADASILM A subvariety of CADASIL characterized by the high frequency of MIGRAINE. The acronym stands for Cerebral Autosomal Dominant Arteriopathy with Subcortical Infarcts, Leukoencephalopathy, and Migraine.	0	3.06	1	0
CADASIL A familial, cerebral arteriopathy mapped to chromosome 19q12, and characterized by the presence of granular deposits in small CEREBRAL ARTERIES producing ischemic STROKE; PSEUDOBULBAR PALSY; and multiple subcortical infarcts (CEREBRAL INFARCTION). CADASIL is an acronym for Cerebral Autosomal Dominant Arteriopathy with Subcortical Infarcts and Leukoencephalopathy. CADASIL differs from BINSWANGER DISEASE by the presence of MIGRAINE WITH AURA and usually by the lack of history of arterial HYPERTENSION. (From Bradley et al, Neurology in Clinical Practice, 2000, p1146)	0	3.06	1	0
Colitis Gravis [description not available]	0	3.05	4	0
Colitis, Granulomatous [description not available]	0	2.79	3	0
Colitis, Ulcerative Inflammation of the COLON that is predominantly confined to the MUCOSA. Its major symptoms include DIARRHEA, rectal BLEEDING, the passage of MUCUS, and ABDOMINAL PAIN.	0	3.05	4	0
Crohn Disease A chronic transmural inflammation that may involve any part of the DIGESTIVE TRACT from MOUTH to ANUS, mostly found in the ILEUM, the CECUM, and the COLON. In Crohn disease, the inflammation, extending through the intestinal wall from the MUCOSA to the serosa, is characteristically asymmetric and segmental. Epithelioid GRANULOMAS may be seen in some patients.	0	2.79	3	0
Asymmetric Diabetic Proximal Motor Neuropathy [description not available]	0	5.83	15	0
Diabetic Neuropathies Peripheral, autonomic, and cranial nerve disorders that are associated with DIABETES MELLITUS. These conditions usually result from diabetic microvascular injury involving small blood vessels that supply nerves (VASA NERVORUM). Relatively common conditions which may be associated with diabetic neuropathy include third nerve palsy (see OCULOMOTOR NERVE DISEASES); MONONEUROPATHY; mononeuropathy multiplex; diabetic amyotrophy; a painful POLYNEUROPATHY; autonomic neuropathy; and thoracoabdominal neuropathy. (From Adams et al., Principles of Neurology, 6th ed, p1325)	0	5.83	15	0
Indigestion [description not available]	0	2.15	1	0
Briquet Syndrome [description not available]	0	3.91	4	0
Dyspepsia Impaired digestion, especially after eating.	0	2.15	1	0
Somatoform Disorders Disorders having the presence of physical symptoms that suggest a general medical condition but that are not fully explained by another medical condition, by the direct effects of a substance, or by another mental disorder. The MEDICALLY UNEXPLAINED SYMPTOMS must cause clinically significant distress or impairment in social, occupational, or other areas of functioning. In contrast to FACTITIOUS DISORDERS and MALINGERING, the physical symptoms are not under voluntary control. (APA, DSM-V)	0	3.91	4	0
Deep Vein Thrombosis [description not available]	0	2.47	2	0
Rupture Forcible or traumatic tear or break of an organ or other soft part of the body.	0	4.17	3	1
Injuries, Tendon [description not available]	0	4.38	4	1
Infection, Postoperative Wound [description not available]	0	2.17	1	0
Venous Thrombosis The formation or presence of a blood clot (THROMBUS) within a vein.	0	2.47	2	0
Stress Disorders, Traumatic Anxiety disorders manifested by the development of characteristic symptoms following a psychologically traumatic event that is outside the normal range of usual human experience. Symptoms include re-experiencing the traumatic event, increased arousal, and numbing of responsiveness to or reduced involvement with the external world. Traumatic stress disorders can be further classified by the time of onset and the duration of these symptoms.	0	2.17	1	0
Brucella Infection [description not available]	0	2.38	2	0
Brucellosis Infection caused by bacteria of the genus BRUCELLA mainly involving the MONONUCLEAR PHAGOCYTE SYSTEM. This condition is characterized by fever, weakness, malaise, and weight loss.	0	2.38	2	0
Lung Injury, Acute [description not available]	0	5.15	5	2
Acute Lung Injury A condition of lung damage that is characterized by bilateral pulmonary infiltrates (PULMONARY EDEMA) rich in NEUTROPHILS, and in the absence of clinical HEART FAILURE. This can represent a spectrum of pulmonary lesions, endothelial and epithelial, due to numerous factors (physical, chemical, or biological).	0	5.15	5	2
Bordetella pertussis Infection, Respiratory [description not available]	0	4.59	3	0
Whooping Cough A respiratory infection caused by BORDETELLA PERTUSSIS and characterized by paroxysmal coughing ending in a prolonged crowing intake of breath.	0	4.59	3	0
Acrania [description not available]	0	2.74	3	0
Neural Tube Defects Congenital malformations of the central nervous system and adjacent structures related to defective neural tube closure during the first trimester of pregnancy generally occurring between days 18-29 of gestation. Ectodermal and mesodermal malformations (mainly involving the skull and vertebrae) may occur as a result of defects of neural tube closure. (From Joynt, Clinical Neurology, 1992, Ch55, pp31-41)	0	2.74	3	0
Androgenization [description not available]	0	2.57	2	0
Acute Post-operative Pain [description not available]	0	5.85	8	1
Pain, Postoperative Pain during the period after surgery.	0	5.85	8	1
Acquired Metabolic Diseases, Brain [description not available]	0	6.04	19	0
Infectious Myelitis [description not available]	0	2.95	4	0
Brain Vascular Disorders [description not available]	0	10.67	45	2
Cerebrovascular Disorders A spectrum of pathological conditions of impaired blood flow in the brain. They can involve vessels (ARTERIES or VEINS) in the CEREBRUM, the CEREBELLUM, and the BRAIN STEM. Major categories include INTRACRANIAL ARTERIOVENOUS MALFORMATIONS; BRAIN ISCHEMIA; CEREBRAL HEMORRHAGE; and others.	0	10.67	45	2
Adult-Onset Dystonias [description not available]	0	3.02	4	0
Dystonic Disorders Acquired and inherited conditions that feature DYSTONIA as a primary manifestation of disease. These disorders are generally divided into generalized dystonias (e.g., dystonia musculorum deformans) and focal dystonias (e.g., writer's cramp). They are also classified by patterns of inheritance and by age of onset.	0	3.02	4	0
Cardiac Rupture, Traumatic [description not available]	0	2.15	1	0
Critical Illness A disease or state in which death is possible or imminent.	0	6.74	9	1
Ovine Diseases [description not available]	0	2.92	4	0
Cancer of Mouth [description not available]	0	2.52	2	0
Mouth Neoplasms Tumors or cancer of the MOUTH.	0	2.52	2	0
Frontotemporal Lobar Degeneration Heterogeneous group of neurodegenerative disorders characterized by frontal and temporal lobe atrophy associated with neuronal loss, gliosis, and dementia. Patients exhibit progressive changes in social, behavioral, and/or language function. Multiple subtypes or forms are recognized based on presence or absence of TAU PROTEIN inclusions. FTLD includes three clinical syndromes: FRONTOTEMPORAL DEMENTIA, semantic dementia, and PRIMARY PROGRESSIVE NONFLUENT APHASIA.	0	2.15	1	0
Altered Level of Consciousness [description not available]	0	2.99	4	0
Symptom Cluster [description not available]	0	8.53	37	0
Syndrome A characteristic symptom complex.	0	8.53	37	0
ARSA Deficiency [description not available]	0	2.7	3	0
Leukodystrophy, Metachromatic An autosomal recessive metabolic disease caused by a deficiency of CEREBROSIDE-SULFATASE leading to intralysosomal accumulation of cerebroside sulfate (SULFOGLYCOSPHINGOLIPIDS) in the nervous system and other organs. Pathological features include diffuse demyelination, and metachromatically-staining granules in many cell types such as the GLIAL CELLS. There are several allelic and nonallelic forms with a variety of neurological symptoms.	0	2.7	3	0
Encephalopathy, Mercury [description not available]	0	5.44	10	0
Bruxism, Nocturnal [description not available]	0	2.54	2	0
Ambulation Disorders, Neurologic [description not available]	0	3.86	11	0
Smoking Cessation Discontinuing the habit of SMOKING.	0	7.18	5	1
Carcinoma, Lobular A type of BREAST CANCER where the abnormal malignant cells form in the lobules, or milk-producing glands, of the breast.	0	2.17	1	0
Nanism [description not available]	0	2.15	1	0
Dwarfism A genetic or pathological condition that is characterized by short stature and undersize. Abnormal skeletal growth usually results in an adult who is significantly below the average height.	0	2.15	1	0
Campylobacter Infection [description not available]	0	2.79	3	0
Adult Pelizaeus-Merzbacher Disease [description not available]	0	2.78	3	0
Malignant Catarrh A herpesvirus infection of cattle characterized by catarrhal inflammation of the upper respiratory and alimentary epithelia, keratoconjunctivitis, encephalitis and lymph node enlargement. Syn: bovine epitheliosis, snotsiekte.	0	2.15	1	0
Cerebral Malaria [description not available]	0	2.8	3	0
Heroin Abuse [description not available]	0	6.8	12	2
Heroin Dependence Strong dependence or addiction, both physiological and emotional, upon HEROIN.	0	6.8	12	2
Anterior Circulation Transient Ischemic Attack [description not available]	0	11.48	180	0
Ischemic Attack, Transient Brief reversible episodes of focal, nonconvulsive ischemic dysfunction of the brain having a duration of less than 24 hours, and usually less than one hour, caused by transient thrombotic or embolic blood vessel occlusion or stenosis. Events may be classified by arterial distribution, temporal pattern, or etiology (e.g., embolic vs. thrombotic). (From Adams et al., Principles of Neurology, 6th ed, pp814-6)	0	11.48	180	0
Alcohol Problem [description not available]	0	5.01	14	0
Alcohol-Related Disorders Disorders related to or resulting from abuse or misuse of alcohol.	0	5.01	14	0
Benign Essential Tremor [description not available]	0	4.08	5	0
Essential Tremor A relatively common disorder characterized by a fairly specific pattern of tremors which are most prominent in the upper extremities and neck, inducing titubations of the head. The tremor is usually mild, but when severe may be disabling. An autosomal dominant pattern of inheritance may occur in some families (i.e., familial tremor). (Mov Disord 1988;13(1):5-10)	0	4.08	5	0
Brain Hemorrhage [description not available]	0	3.68	3	0
Intracranial Hemorrhages Bleeding within the SKULL, including hemorrhages in the brain and the three membranes of MENINGES. The escape of blood often leads to the formation of HEMATOMA in the cranial epidural, subdural, and subarachnoid spaces.	0	3.68	3	0
Dementias, Transmissible [description not available]	0	4.46	8	0
Neuroendocrine Tumors Tumors whose cells possess secretory granules and originate from the neuroectoderm, i.e., the cells of the ectoblast or epiblast that program the neuroendocrine system. Common properties across most neuroendocrine tumors include ectopic hormone production (often via APUD CELLS), the presence of tumor-associated antigens, and isozyme composition.	0	2.52	2	0
CJD (Creutzfeldt-Jakob Disease) [description not available]	0	4.13	15	0
Creutzfeldt-Jakob Syndrome A rare transmissible encephalopathy most prevalent between the ages of 50 and 70 years. Affected individuals may present with sleep disturbances, personality changes, ATAXIA; APHASIA, visual loss, weakness, muscle atrophy, MYOCLONUS, progressive dementia, and death within one year of disease onset. A familial form exhibiting autosomal dominant inheritance and a new variant CJD (potentially associated with ENCEPHALOPATHY, BOVINE SPONGIFORM) have been described. Pathological features include prominent cerebellar and cerebral cortical spongiform degeneration and the presence of PRIONS. (From N Engl J Med, 1998 Dec 31;339(27))	0	4.13	15	0
Animal Mammary Carcinoma [description not available]	0	2.76	3	0
Congenital Oculofacial Paralysis, Moebius [description not available]	0	2.17	1	0
Age-Related Osteoporosis [description not available]	0	4.36	4	0
Drop Attack [description not available]	0	2.37	2	0
Osteoporosis Reduction of bone mass without alteration in the composition of bone, leading to fractures. Primary osteoporosis can be of two major types: postmenopausal osteoporosis (OSTEOPOROSIS, POSTMENOPAUSAL) and age-related or senile osteoporosis.	0	4.36	4	0
Syncope A transient loss of consciousness and postural tone caused by diminished blood flow to the brain (i.e., BRAIN ISCHEMIA). Presyncope refers to the sensation of lightheadedness and loss of strength that precedes a syncopal event or accompanies an incomplete syncope. (From Adams et al., Principles of Neurology, 6th ed, pp367-9)	0	7.37	2	0
Cerebral Micropolygyria [description not available]	0	2.17	1	0
Congenital Myasthenia [description not available]	0	2.17	1	0
Myasthenic Syndromes, Congenital A heterogeneous group of disorders characterized by a congenital defect in neuromuscular transmission at the NEUROMUSCULAR JUNCTION. This includes presynaptic, synaptic, and postsynaptic disorders (that are not of autoimmune origin). The majority of these diseases are caused by mutations of various subunits of the nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (RECEPTORS, NICOTINIC) on the postsynaptic surface of the junction. (From Arch Neurol 1999 Feb;56(2):163-7)	0	2.17	1	0
Palsy [description not available]	0	5.39	14	1
Paralysis A general term most often used to describe severe or complete loss of muscle strength due to motor system disease from the level of the cerebral cortex to the muscle fiber. This term may also occasionally refer to a loss of sensory function. (From Adams et al., Principles of Neurology, 6th ed, p45)	0	5.39	14	1
Hypernutrition [description not available]	0	2.21	1	0
Schistosoma mansoni Infection [description not available]	0	2.17	1	0
Schistosomiasis mansoni Schistosomiasis caused by Schistosoma mansoni. It is endemic in Africa, the Middle East, South America, and the Caribbean and affects mainly the bowel, spleen, and liver.	0	2.17	1	0
Androgen-Independent Prostatic Cancer [description not available]	0	3.98	2	1
Prostatic Neoplasms, Castration-Resistant Tumors or cancer of the PROSTATE which can grow in the presence of low or residual amount of androgen hormones such as TESTOSTERONE.	0	3.98	2	1
MPTP Neurotoxicity Syndrome [description not available]	0	7.02	16	0
Complications, Pregnancy [description not available]	0	5.64	13	0
Cystic Fibrosis of Pancreas [description not available]	0	3.65	9	0
B cepacia Infection [description not available]	0	2.17	1	0
Cystic Fibrosis An autosomal recessive genetic disease of the EXOCRINE GLANDS. It is caused by mutations in the gene encoding the CYSTIC FIBROSIS TRANSMEMBRANE CONDUCTANCE REGULATOR expressed in several organs including the LUNG, the PANCREAS, the BILIARY SYSTEM, and the SWEAT GLANDS. Cystic fibrosis is characterized by epithelial secretory dysfunction associated with ductal obstruction resulting in AIRWAY OBSTRUCTION; chronic RESPIRATORY INFECTIONS; PANCREATIC INSUFFICIENCY; maldigestion; salt depletion; and HEAT PROSTRATION.	0	3.65	9	0
Deficiency Diseases A condition produced by dietary or metabolic deficiency. The term includes all diseases caused by an insufficient supply of essential nutrients, i.e., protein (or amino acids), vitamins, and minerals. It also includes an inadequacy of calories. (From Dorland, 27th ed; Stedman, 25th ed)	0	2.46	2	0
Complex Regional Pain Syndrome [description not available]	0	2.76	3	0
Complex Regional Pain Syndromes Conditions characterized by pain involving an extremity or other body region, HYPERESTHESIA, and localized autonomic dysfunction following injury to soft tissue or nerve. The pain is usually associated with ERYTHEMA; SKIN TEMPERATURE changes, abnormal sudomotor activity (i.e., changes in sweating due to altered sympathetic innervation) or edema. The degree of pain and other manifestations is out of proportion to that expected from the inciting event. Two subtypes of this condition have been described: type I; (REFLEX SYMPATHETIC DYSTROPHY) and type II; (CAUSALGIA). (From Pain 1995 Oct;63(1):127-33)	0	2.76	3	0
Autosomal Dominant Cerebellar Ataxia, Type II [description not available]	0	5.83	13	0
Spinocerebellar Ataxias A group of predominately late-onset, cerebellar ataxias which have been divided into multiple subtypes based on clinical features and genetic mapping. Progressive ataxia is a central feature of these conditions, and in certain subtypes POLYNEUROPATHY; DYSARTHRIA; visual loss; and other disorders may develop. (From Joynt, Clinical Neurology, 1997, Ch65, pp 12-17; J Neuropathol Exp Neurol 1998 Jun;57(6):531-43)	0	5.83	13	0
Diffuse Mixed Small and Large Cell Lymphoma [description not available]	0	4.28	4	1
Korsakoff Psychosis [description not available]	0	2.17	1	0
Lymphoma, Non-Hodgkin Any of a group of malignant tumors of lymphoid tissue that differ from HODGKIN DISEASE, being more heterogeneous with respect to malignant cell lineage, clinical course, prognosis, and therapy. The only common feature among these tumors is the absence of giant REED-STERNBERG CELLS, a characteristic of Hodgkin's disease.	0	4.28	4	1
Cyclothymia [description not available]	0	4.18	3	1
B16 Melanoma [description not available]	0	3.67	9	0
Lesion of Sciatic Nerve [description not available]	0	3.45	7	0
Co-infection [description not available]	0	2.17	1	0
Experimental Radiation Injuries [description not available]	0	3.25	6	0
Diabetic Angiopathies VASCULAR DISEASES that are associated with DIABETES MELLITUS.	0	2.96	4	0
Idiopathic Hypoparathyroidism A condition of low or absent PTH level and HYPOCALCEMIA. It usually occurs as part of an autoimmune syndrome.	0	2.17	1	0
Hypocalcemia Reduction of the blood calcium below normal. Manifestations include hyperactive deep tendon reflexes, Chvostek's sign, muscle and abdominal cramps, and carpopedal spasm. (Dorland, 27th ed)	0	2.75	3	0
Hypoparathyroidism A condition caused by a deficiency of PARATHYROID HORMONE (or PTH). It is characterized by HYPOCALCEMIA and hyperphosphatemia. Hypocalcemia leads to TETANY. The acquired form is due to removal or injuries to the PARATHYROID GLANDS. The congenital form is due to mutations of genes, such as TBX1; (see DIGEORGE SYNDROME); CASR encoding CALCIUM-SENSING RECEPTOR; or PTH encoding parathyroid hormone.	0	2.17	1	0
Tuberculosis, Bovine An infection of cattle caused by MYCOBACTERIUM BOVIS. It is transmissible to man and other animals.	0	2.17	1	0
Child Development Deviations [description not available]	0	6.94	14	0
Developmental Disabilities Disorders in which there is a delay in development based on that expected for a given age level or stage of development. These impairments or disabilities originate before age 18, may be expected to continue indefinitely, and constitute a substantial impairment. Biological and nonbiological factors are involved in these disorders. (From American Psychiatric Glossary, 6th ed)	0	6.94	14	0
Placental Insufficiency Failure of the PLACENTA to deliver an adequate supply of nutrients and OXYGEN to the FETUS.	0	2.49	2	0
Pigmentary Retinopathy [description not available]	0	5.35	13	0
Retinitis Pigmentosa Hereditary, progressive degeneration of the retina due to death of ROD PHOTORECEPTORS initially and subsequent death of CONE PHOTORECEPTORS. It is characterized by deposition of pigment in the retina.	0	5.35	13	0
Genetic Diseases, X-Chromosome Linked [description not available]	0	2.99	4	0
Aspergillus Infection [description not available]	0	2.17	1	0
Aspergillosis Infections with fungi of the genus ASPERGILLUS.	0	2.17	1	0
Autosomal Dominant Hereditary Spastic Paraplegia [description not available]	0	5.56	8	0
Spastic Paraplegia, Hereditary A group of inherited diseases that share similar phenotypes but are genetically diverse. Different genetic loci for autosomal recessive, autosomal dominant, and x-linked forms of hereditary spastic paraplegia have been identified. Clinically, patients present with slowly progressive distal limb weakness and lower extremity spasticity. Peripheral sensory neurons may be affected in the later stages of the disease. (J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry 1998 Jan;64(1):61-6; Curr Opin Neurol 1997 Aug;10(4):313-8)	0	5.56	8	0
B. burgdorferi Infection [description not available]	0	2.17	1	0
Lyme Disease An infectious disease caused by a spirochete, BORRELIA BURGDORFERI, which is transmitted chiefly by Ixodes dammini (see IXODES) and pacificus ticks in the United States and Ixodes ricinis (see IXODES) in Europe. It is a disease with early and late cutaneous manifestations plus involvement of the nervous system, heart, eye, and joints in variable combinations. The disease was formerly known as Lyme arthritis and first discovered at Old Lyme, Connecticut.	0	2.17	1	0
Central Hypothyroidism [description not available]	0	4.72	11	0
Hypothyroidism A syndrome that results from abnormally low secretion of THYROID HORMONES from the THYROID GLAND, leading to a decrease in BASAL METABOLIC RATE. In its most severe form, there is accumulation of MUCOPOLYSACCHARIDES in the SKIN and EDEMA, known as MYXEDEMA. It may be primary or secondary due to other pituitary disease, or hypothalamic dysfunction.	0	9.72	11	0
Asthma, Bronchial [description not available]	0	8.34	22	2
Asthma A form of bronchial disorder with three distinct components: airway hyper-responsiveness (RESPIRATORY HYPERSENSITIVITY), airway INFLAMMATION, and intermittent AIRWAY OBSTRUCTION. It is characterized by spasmodic contraction of airway smooth muscle, WHEEZING, and dyspnea (DYSPNEA, PAROXYSMAL).	0	8.34	22	2
Restless Leg Syndrome [description not available]	0	5.77	10	0
Restless Legs Syndrome A disorder characterized by aching or burning sensations in the lower and rarely the upper extremities that occur prior to sleep or may awaken the patient from sleep.	0	5.77	10	0
Toxoplasmosis, Animal Acquired infection of non-human animals by organisms of the genus TOXOPLASMA.	0	2.17	1	0
Axonal Injury, Diffuse [description not available]	0	5.04	9	0
Aortitis Syndrome [description not available]	0	2.76	3	0
Takayasu Arteritis A chronic inflammatory process that affects the AORTA and its primary branches, such as the brachiocephalic artery (BRACHIOCEPHALIC TRUNK) and CAROTID ARTERIES. It results in progressive arterial stenosis, occlusion, and aneurysm formation. The pulse in the arm is hard to detect. Patients with aortitis syndrome often exhibit retinopathy.	0	2.76	3	0
Swine Diseases Diseases of domestic swine and of the wild boar of the genus Sus.	0	3.87	4	0
Intestinal Diseases Pathological processes in any segment of the INTESTINE from DUODENUM to RECTUM.	0	4.07	5	0
Blue-Eared Pig Disease [description not available]	0	2.17	1	0
Coin Lesion, Pulmonary [description not available]	0	2.17	1	0
Poultry Diseases Diseases of birds which are raised as a source of meat or eggs for human consumption and are usually found in barnyards, hatcheries, etc. The concept is differentiated from BIRD DISEASES which is for diseases of birds not considered poultry and usually found in zoos, parks, and the wild.	0	4.5	5	1
Allotriophagy An unusual desire or craving for abnormal foods.	0	2.17	1	0
BH4 Deficiency [description not available]	0	6.22	13	1
Phenylketonurias A group of autosomal recessive disorders marked by a deficiency of the hepatic enzyme PHENYLALANINE HYDROXYLASE or less frequently by reduced activity of DIHYDROPTERIDINE REDUCTASE (i.e., atypical phenylketonuria). Classical phenylketonuria is caused by a severe deficiency of phenylalanine hydroxylase and presents in infancy with developmental delay; SEIZURES; skin HYPOPIGMENTATION; ECZEMA; and demyelination in the central nervous system. (From Adams et al., Principles of Neurology, 6th ed, p952).	0	6.22	13	1
Psychological Trauma An emotionally painful, shocking, stressful, and sometimes life-threatening experience. It can result from witnessing distressing events such as natural disasters, physical or sexual abuse, and terrorism or other acts of violence. (https://www.nimh.nih.gov/health/)	0	2.21	1	0
Genome Instability [description not available]	0	2.83	3	0
Blood Pressure, Low [description not available]	0	4.8	32	0
Hypotension Abnormally low BLOOD PRESSURE that can result in inadequate blood flow to the brain and other vital organs. Common symptom is DIZZINESS but greater negative impacts on the body occur when there is prolonged depravation of oxygen and nutrients.	0	4.8	32	0
CBS Deficiency [description not available]	0	2.76	3	0
Clasp-Knife Spasticity [description not available]	0	6.11	11	1
Homocystinuria Autosomal recessive inborn error of methionine metabolism usually caused by a deficiency of CYSTATHIONINE BETA-SYNTHASE and associated with elevations of homocysteine in plasma and urine. Clinical features include a tall slender habitus, SCOLIOSIS, arachnodactyly, MUSCLE WEAKNESS, genu varus, thin blond hair, malar flush, lens dislocations, an increased incidence of MENTAL RETARDATION, and a tendency to develop fibrosis of arteries, frequently complicated by CEREBROVASCULAR ACCIDENTS and MYOCARDIAL INFARCTION. (From Adams et al., Principles of Neurology, 6th ed, p979)	0	2.76	3	0
Muscle Spasticity A form of muscle hypertonia associated with upper MOTOR NEURON DISEASE. Resistance to passive stretch of a spastic muscle results in minimal initial resistance (a free interval) followed by an incremental increase in muscle tone. Tone increases in proportion to the velocity of stretch. Spasticity is usually accompanied by HYPERREFLEXIA and variable degrees of MUSCLE WEAKNESS. (From Adams et al., Principles of Neurology, 6th ed, p54)	0	6.11	11	1
Carcinoma, Anaplastic [description not available]	0	9.87	32	1
Cancer of Head [description not available]	0	3.71	3	0
Carcinoma A malignant neoplasm made up of epithelial cells tending to infiltrate the surrounding tissues and give rise to metastases. It is a histological type of neoplasm and not a synonym for cancer.	0	9.87	32	1
Head and Neck Neoplasms Soft tissue tumors or cancer arising from the mucosal surfaces of the LIP; oral cavity; PHARYNX; LARYNX; and cervical esophagus. Other sites included are the NOSE and PARANASAL SINUSES; SALIVARY GLANDS; THYROID GLAND and PARATHYROID GLANDS; and MELANOMA and non-melanoma skin cancers of the head and neck. (from Holland et al., Cancer Medicine, 4th ed, p1651)	0	3.71	3	0
Fukuhara Disease [description not available]	0	2.17	1	0
Bovine Spongiform Encephalopathy [description not available]	0	2.17	1	0
Food Poisoning [description not available]	0	4.02	5	0
Advanced Sleep Phase Syndrome [description not available]	0	3.7	3	0
Sleep Disorders, Circadian Rhythm Dyssomnias associated with disruption of the normal 24 hour sleep wake cycle secondary to travel (e.g., JET LAG SYNDROME), shift work, or other causes.	0	3.7	3	0
Deficiency, Magnesium [description not available]	0	4.74	11	0
Magnesium Deficiency A nutritional condition produced by a deficiency of magnesium in the diet, characterized by anorexia, nausea, vomiting, lethargy, and weakness. Symptoms are paresthesias, muscle cramps, irritability, decreased attention span, and mental confusion, possibly requiring months to appear. Deficiency of body magnesium can exist even when serum values are normal. In addition, magnesium deficiency may be organ-selective, since certain tissues become deficient before others. (Harrison's Principles of Internal Medicine, 12th ed, p1936)	0	4.74	11	0
Adipocere [description not available]	0	6.25	34	0
Academic Disorder, Developmental [description not available]	0	7.46	32	0
Learning Disabilities Conditions characterized by a significant discrepancy between an individual's perceived level of intellect and their ability to acquire new language and other cognitive skills. These may result from organic or psychological conditions. Relatively common subtypes include DYSLEXIA, DYSCALCULIA, and DYSGRAPHIA.	0	7.46	32	0
Bilateral Nasal Obstruction [description not available]	0	2.21	1	0
Nasal Obstruction Any hindrance to the passage of air into and out of the nose. The obstruction may be unilateral or bilateral, and may involve any part of the NASAL CAVITY.	0	2.21	1	0
Neuralgia, Sciatic [description not available]	0	3.68	9	0
Sciatica A condition characterized by pain radiating from the back into the buttock and posterior/lateral aspects of the leg. Sciatica may be a manifestation of SCIATIC NEUROPATHY; RADICULOPATHY (involving the SPINAL NERVE ROOTS; L4, L5, S1, or S2, often associated with INTERVERTEBRAL DISK DISPLACEMENT); or lesions of the CAUDA EQUINA.	0	3.68	9	0
Arterial Diseases, Carotid [description not available]	0	3.43	7	0
Carotid Artery Diseases Pathological conditions involving the CAROTID ARTERIES, including the common, internal, and external carotid arteries. ATHEROSCLEROSIS and TRAUMA are relatively frequent causes of carotid artery pathology.	0	3.43	7	0
Sterility, Male [description not available]	0	2.78	3	0
Infertility, Male The inability of the male to effect FERTILIZATION of an OVUM after a specified period of unprotected intercourse. Male sterility is permanent infertility.	0	2.78	3	0
Central Nervous System Lupus [description not available]	0	2.58	2	0
Dentin Hypersensitivity [description not available]	0	3.12	1	0
Inflammation, Endodontic [description not available]	0	3.39	2	0
Odontalgia [description not available]	0	3.91	4	0
Pulpitis Inflammation of the DENTAL PULP, usually due to bacterial infection in dental caries, tooth fracture, or other conditions causing exposure of the pulp to bacterial invasion. Chemical irritants, thermal factors, hyperemic changes, and other factors may also cause pulpitis.	0	3.39	2	0
Toothache Pain in the adjacent areas of the teeth.	0	3.91	4	0
Hot Flashes A sudden, temporary sensation of heat predominantly experienced by some women during MENOPAUSE. (Random House Unabridged Dictionary, 2d ed)	0	2.21	1	0
Chronic Encephalopathy, Post-Concussive [description not available]	0	3.12	1	0
Athletic Injuries Injuries incurred during participation in competitive or non-competitive sports.	0	7.63	7	1
Brain Damage, Chronic A condition characterized by long-standing brain dysfunction or damage, usually of three months duration or longer. Potential etiologies include BRAIN INFARCTION; certain NEURODEGENERATIVE DISORDERS; CRANIOCEREBRAL TRAUMA; ANOXIA, BRAIN; ENCEPHALITIS; certain NEUROTOXICITY SYNDROMES; metabolic disorders (see BRAIN DISEASES, METABOLIC); and other conditions.	0	8.13	44	0
Chronic Traumatic Encephalopathy Degenerative brain disease linked to repetitive brain trauma. Progressive symptoms may include MEMORY LOSS; AGGRESSION; or DEPRESSION.	0	3.12	1	0
Ataxia with Lactic Acidosis [description not available]	0	2.74	3	0
Pyruvate Dehydrogenase Complex Deficiency Disease An inherited metabolic disorder caused by deficient enzyme activity in the PYRUVATE DEHYDROGENASE COMPLEX, resulting in deficiency of acetyl CoA and reduced synthesis of acetylcholine. Two clinical forms are recognized: neonatal and juvenile. The neonatal form is a relatively common cause of lactic acidosis in the first weeks of life and may also feature an erythematous rash. The juvenile form presents with lactic acidosis, alopecia, intermittent ATAXIA; SEIZURES; and an erythematous rash. (From J Inherit Metab Dis 1996;19(4):452-62) Autosomal recessive and X-linked forms are caused by mutations in the genes for the three different enzyme components of this multisubunit pyruvate dehydrogenase complex. One of the mutations at Xp22.2-p22.1 in the gene for the E1 alpha component of the complex leads to LEIGH DISEASE.	0	2.74	3	0
Lennox-Gastaut Syndrome [description not available]	0	2.21	1	0
Lennox Gastaut Syndrome A childhood-onset epilepsy syndrome.	0	2.21	1	0
Infarct, Lacunar [description not available]	0	3.91	2	0
Cutis Elastica [description not available]	0	3.09	5	0
Abnormalities, Skin [description not available]	0	2.21	1	0
Ehlers-Danlos Syndrome A heterogeneous group of autosomally inherited COLLAGEN DISEASES caused by defects in the synthesis or structure of FIBRILLAR COLLAGEN. There are numerous subtypes: classical, hypermobility, vascular, and others. Common clinical features include hyperextensible skin and joints, skin fragility and reduced wound healing capability.	0	3.09	5	0
Skin Abnormalities Congenital structural abnormalities of the skin.	0	2.21	1	0
Alexia [description not available]	0	2.54	2	0
Blastocyst Disintegration [description not available]	0	2.21	1	0
Kidney, Polycystic [description not available]	0	2.52	2	0
Polycystic Kidney Diseases Hereditary diseases that are characterized by the progressive expansion of a large number of tightly packed CYSTS within the KIDNEYS. They include diseases with autosomal dominant and autosomal recessive inheritance.	0	2.52	2	0
Antisocial Behavior Behavior that sharply deviates from social norms and violates rights of others	0	2.75	3	0
Central Nervous System Neoplasm [description not available]	0	4.04	1	0
Central Nervous System Neoplasms Benign and malignant neoplastic processes that arise from or secondarily involve the brain, spinal cord, or meninges.	0	4.04	1	0
Autosomal Dominant Optic Atrophy [description not available]	0	2.79	3	0
Aqueductal Stenosis [description not available]	0	4.78	12	0
Tooth Loss The failure to retain teeth as a result of disease or injury.	0	2.21	1	0
ANS (Autonomic Nervous System) Diseases [description not available]	0	2.99	4	0
Vestibular Diseases Pathological processes of the VESTIBULAR LABYRINTH which contains part of the balancing apparatus. Patients with vestibular diseases show instability and are at risk of frequent falls.	0	2.51	2	0
Blood Clot [description not available]	0	4.75	11	0
Thrombosis Formation and development of a thrombus or blood clot in the blood vessel.	0	4.75	11	0
Deficiency, Thiamine [description not available]	0	6.83	24	0
Thiamine Deficiency A nutritional condition produced by a deficiency of THIAMINE in the diet, characterized by anorexia, irritability, and weight loss. Later, patients experience weakness, peripheral neuropathy, headache, and tachycardia. In addition to being caused by a poor diet, thiamine deficiency in the United States most commonly occurs as a result of alcoholism, since ethanol interferes with thiamine absorption. In countries relying on polished rice as a dietary staple, BERIBERI prevalence is very high. (From Cecil Textbook of Medicine, 19th ed, p1171)	0	6.83	24	0
Carcinoma, Small Cell Lung [description not available]	0	2.55	2	0
Cancer of Colon [description not available]	0	9.87	17	5
Colonic Neoplasms Tumors or cancer of the COLON.	0	9.87	17	5
Small Cell Lung Carcinoma A form of highly malignant lung cancer that is composed of small ovoid cells (SMALL CELL CARCINOMA).	0	2.55	2	0
Hereditary Optic Neuroretinopathy [description not available]	0	3.3	6	0
Optic Atrophy, Hereditary, Leber A maternally linked genetic disorder that presents in mid-life as acute or subacute central vision loss leading to central scotoma and blindness. The disease has been associated with missense mutations in the mtDNA, in genes for Complex I, III, and IV polypeptides, that can act autonomously or in association with each other to cause the disease. (from Online Mendelian Inheritance in Man, http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/Omim/, MIM#535000 (April 17, 2001))	0	3.3	6	0
CACH Syndrome [description not available]	0	2.81	3	0
Carotid Artery Narrowing [description not available]	0	3.64	9	0
Carotid Stenosis Narrowing or stricture of any part of the CAROTID ARTERIES, most often due to atherosclerotic plaque formation. Ulcerations may form in atherosclerotic plaques and induce THROMBUS formation. Platelet or cholesterol emboli may arise from stenotic carotid lesions and induce a TRANSIENT ISCHEMIC ATTACK; CEREBROVASCULAR ACCIDENT; or temporary blindness (AMAUROSIS FUGAX). (From Adams et al., Principles of Neurology, 6th ed, pp 822-3)	0	3.64	9	0
Metaplasia A condition in which there is a change of one adult cell type to another similar adult cell type.	0	2.21	1	0
Prediabetes [description not available]	0	2.8	3	0
Prediabetic State The time period before the development of symptomatic diabetes. For example, certain risk factors can be observed in subjects who subsequently develop INSULIN RESISTANCE as in type 2 diabetes (DIABETES MELLITUS, TYPE 2).	0	2.8	3	0
Thyroid Nodule A small circumscribed mass in the THYROID GLAND that can be of neoplastic growth or non-neoplastic abnormality. It lacks a well-defined capsule or glandular architecture. Thyroid nodules are often benign but can be malignant. The growth of nodules can lead to a multinodular goiter (GOITER, NODULAR).	0	5.64	6	1
Alcoholic Cirrhosis [description not available]	0	2.96	4	0
Myelopathy [description not available]	0	3.39	7	0
Liver Cirrhosis, Alcoholic FIBROSIS of the hepatic parenchyma due to chronic excess ALCOHOL DRINKING.	0	2.96	4	0
Spinal Cord Diseases Pathologic conditions which feature SPINAL CORD damage or dysfunction, including disorders involving the meninges and perimeningeal spaces surrounding the spinal cord. Traumatic injuries, vascular diseases, infections, and inflammatory/autoimmune processes may affect the spinal cord.	0	3.39	7	0
Ear Infection [description not available]	0	3.12	1	0
Disorder, Borderline Personality [description not available]	0	6.66	8	0
Borderline Personality Disorder A personality disorder marked by a pattern of instability of interpersonal relationships, self-image, and affects, and marked impulsivity beginning by early adulthood and present in a variety of contexts. (DSM-IV)	0	6.66	8	0
Absent Iris [description not available]	0	2.21	1	0
Aniridia A congenital abnormality in which there is only a rudimentary iris. This is due to the failure of the optic cup to grow. Aniridia also occurs in a hereditary form, usually autosomal dominant.	0	2.21	1	0
Arachnoidal Cerebellar Sarcoma, Circumscribed [description not available]	0	4.18	6	0
Medulloblastoma A malignant neoplasm that may be classified either as a glioma or as a primitive neuroectodermal tumor of childhood (see NEUROECTODERMAL TUMOR, PRIMITIVE). The tumor occurs most frequently in the first decade of life with the most typical location being the cerebellar vermis. Histologic features include a high degree of cellularity, frequent mitotic figures, and a tendency for the cells to organize into sheets or form rosettes. Medulloblastoma have a high propensity to spread throughout the craniospinal intradural axis. (From DeVita et al., Cancer: Principles and Practice of Oncology, 5th ed, pp2060-1)	0	4.18	6	0
Polyarthritis [description not available]	0	4.63	10	0
Arthritis Acute or chronic inflammation of JOINTS.	0	4.63	10	0
Poisoning Used with drugs, chemicals, and industrial materials for human or animal poisoning, acute or chronic, whether the poisoning is accidental, occupational, suicidal, by medication error, or by environmental exposure.	0	4.04	5	0
Pervasive Child Development Disorders [description not available]	0	8.22	17	1
Child Development Disorders, Pervasive Severe distortions in the development of many basic psychological functions that are not normal for any stage in development. These distortions are manifested in sustained social impairment, speech abnormalities, and peculiar motor movements.	0	8.22	17	1
Dyslipidemia [description not available]	0	2.79	3	0
Dyslipidemias Abnormalities in the serum levels of LIPIDS, including overproduction or deficiency. Abnormal serum lipid profiles may include high total CHOLESTEROL, high TRIGLYCERIDES, low HIGH DENSITY LIPOPROTEIN CHOLESTEROL, and elevated LOW DENSITY LIPOPROTEIN CHOLESTEROL.	0	2.79	3	0
Astroblastoma [description not available]	0	2.44	2	0
Ganglioglioma Rare indolent tumors comprised of neoplastic glial and neuronal cells which occur primarily in children and young adults. Benign lesions tend to be associated with long survival unless the tumor degenerates into a histologically malignant form. They tend to occur in the optic nerve and white matter of the brain and spinal cord.	0	2.51	2	0
Neoplasms, Neuroepithelial Neoplasms composed of neuroepithelial cells, which have the capacity to differentiate into NEURONS, oligodendrocytes, and ASTROCYTES. The majority of craniospinal tumors are of neuroepithelial origin. (From Dev Biol 1998 Aug 1;200(1):1-5)	0	2.44	2	0
Panic Attacks [description not available]	0	5.47	5	1
Panic Disorder A type of anxiety disorder characterized by unexpected panic attacks that last minutes or, rarely, hours. Panic attacks begin with intense apprehension, fear or terror and, often, a feeling of impending doom. Symptoms experienced during a panic attack include dyspnea or sensations of being smothered; dizziness, loss of balance or faintness; choking sensations; palpitations or accelerated heart rate; shakiness; sweating; nausea or other form of abdominal distress; depersonalization or derealization; paresthesias; hot flashes or chills; chest discomfort or pain; fear of dying and fear of not being in control of oneself or going crazy. Agoraphobia may also develop. Similar to other anxiety disorders, it may be inherited as an autosomal dominant trait.	0	5.47	5	1
Deafness, Transitory [description not available]	0	4.39	4	0
Hearing Loss A general term for the complete or partial loss of the ability to hear from one or both ears.	0	4.39	4	0
Anoxia, Fetal [description not available]	0	4.62	10	0
Fetal Hypoxia Deficient oxygenation of FETAL BLOOD.	0	4.62	10	0
Smear Layer Adherent debris produced when cutting the enamel or dentin in cavity preparation. It is about 1 micron thick and its composition reflects the underlying dentin, although different quantities and qualities of smear layer can be produced by the various instrumentation techniques. Its function is presumed to be protective, as it lowers dentin permeability. However, it masks the underlying dentin and interferes with attempts to bond dental material to the dentin.	0	6.79	17	4
Dental Leakage The seepage of fluids, debris, and micro-organisms between the walls of a prepared dental cavity and the restoration.	0	6.43	9	5
Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome [description not available]	0	8.75	13	2
Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome An acquired defect of cellular immunity associated with infection by the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), a CD4-positive T-lymphocyte count under 200 cells/microliter or less than 14% of total lymphocytes, and increased susceptibility to opportunistic infections and malignant neoplasms. Clinical manifestations also include emaciation (wasting) and dementia. These elements reflect criteria for AIDS as defined by the CDC in 1993.	0	8.75	13	2
HIV Human immunodeficiency virus. A non-taxonomic and historical term referring to any of two species, specifically HIV-1 and/or HIV-2. Prior to 1986, this was called human T-lymphotropic virus type III/lymphadenopathy-associated virus (HTLV-III/LAV). From 1986-1990, it was an official species called HIV. Since 1991, HIV was no longer considered an official species name; the two species were designated HIV-1 and HIV-2.	0	4.32	7	0
Malnourishment [description not available]	0	3.16	5	0
Malnutrition An imbalanced nutritional status resulting from insufficient intake of nutrients to meet normal physiological requirement.	0	3.16	5	0
Heart Valve Diseases Pathological conditions involving any of the various HEART VALVES and the associated structures (PAPILLARY MUSCLES and CHORDAE TENDINEAE).	0	2.49	2	0
Encephalitis, Viral Inflammation of brain parenchymal tissue as a result of viral infection. Encephalitis may occur as primary or secondary manifestation of TOGAVIRIDAE INFECTIONS; HERPESVIRIDAE INFECTIONS; ADENOVIRIDAE INFECTIONS; FLAVIVIRIDAE INFECTIONS; BUNYAVIRIDAE INFECTIONS; PICORNAVIRIDAE INFECTIONS; PARAMYXOVIRIDAE INFECTIONS; ORTHOMYXOVIRIDAE INFECTIONS; RETROVIRIDAE INFECTIONS; and ARENAVIRIDAE INFECTIONS.	0	3.29	6	0
Follicular Thyroid Carcinoma [description not available]	0	2.49	2	0
Carcinoma, Papillary A malignant neoplasm characterized by the formation of numerous, irregular, finger-like projections of fibrous stroma that is covered with a surface layer of neoplastic epithelial cells. (Stedman, 25th ed)	0	10.32	31	1
Goiter Enlargement of the THYROID GLAND that may increase from about 20 grams to hundreds of grams in human adults. Goiter is observed in individuals with normal thyroid function (euthyroidism), thyroid deficiency (HYPOTHYROIDISM), or hormone overproduction (HYPERTHYROIDISM). Goiter may be congenital or acquired, sporadic or endemic (GOITER, ENDEMIC).	0	2.07	1	0
Adenocarcinoma, Follicular An adenocarcinoma of the thyroid gland, in which the cells are arranged in the form of follicles. (From Dorland, 27th ed)	0	2.49	2	0
Arsenic Encephalopathy [description not available]	0	2.07	1	0
Deaf Mutism [description not available]	0	5.44	14	0
Cochlear Hearing Loss [description not available]	0	6.12	11	0
Deafness A general term for the complete loss of the ability to hear from both ears.	0	5.44	14	0
Hearing Loss, Sensorineural Hearing loss resulting from damage to the COCHLEA and the sensorineural elements which lie internally beyond the oval and round windows. These elements include the AUDITORY NERVE and its connections in the BRAINSTEM.	0	6.12	11	0
Bruxism A disorder characterized by grinding and clenching of the teeth.	0	5.65	3	2
Costen's Syndrome [description not available]	0	5.45	5	1
Decerebrate Posturing [description not available]	0	5.21	49	0
Hepatitis, Viral, Non-A, Non-B, Parenterally-Transmitted [description not available]	0	2.97	4	0
Hepatitis C INFLAMMATION of the LIVER in humans caused by HEPATITIS C VIRUS, a single-stranded RNA virus. Its incubation period is 30-90 days. Hepatitis C is transmitted primarily by contaminated blood parenterally and is often associated with transfusion and intravenous drug abuse. However, in a significant number of cases, the source of hepatitis C infection is unknown.	0	2.97	4	0
Arterial Obstructive Diseases [description not available]	0	5.4	14	1
Arterial Occlusive Diseases Pathological processes which result in the partial or complete obstruction of ARTERIES. They are characterized by greatly reduced or absence of blood flow through these vessels. They are also known as arterial insufficiency.	0	5.4	14	1
Cancer of Ovary [description not available]	0	5.46	5	1
Ovarian Neoplasms Tumors or cancer of the OVARY. These neoplasms can be benign or malignant. They are classified according to the tissue of origin, such as the surface EPITHELIUM, the stromal endocrine cells, and the totipotent GERM CELLS.	0	5.46	5	1
Basal Ganglia Hemorrhage Bleeding within the subcortical regions of cerebral hemispheres (BASAL GANGLIA). It is often associated with HYPERTENSION or ARTERIOVENOUS MALFORMATIONS. Clinical manifestations may include HEADACHE; DYSKINESIAS; and HEMIPARESIS.	0	2.08	1	0
Hairy Cell Leukemia [description not available]	0	2.48	2	0
Leukemia, Hairy Cell A neoplastic disease of the lymphoreticular cells which is considered to be a rare type of chronic leukemia; it is characterized by an insidious onset, splenomegaly, anemia, granulocytopenia, thrombocytopenia, little or no lymphadenopathy, and the presence of hairy or flagellated cells in the blood and bone marrow.	0	2.48	2	0
Cretinism [description not available]	0	2.08	1	0
Congenital Hypothyroidism A condition in infancy or early childhood due to an in-utero deficiency of THYROID HORMONES that can be caused by genetic or environmental factors, such as thyroid dysgenesis or HYPOTHYROIDISM in infants of mothers treated with THIOURACIL during pregnancy. Endemic cretinism is the result of iodine deficiency. Clinical symptoms include severe MENTAL RETARDATION, impaired skeletal development, short stature, and MYXEDEMA.	0	2.08	1	0
Compensatory Hyperinsulinemia A GLUCOSE-induced HYPERINSULINEMIA, a marker of insulin-resistant state. It is a mechanism to compensate for reduced sensitivity to insulin.	0	3.38	7	0
Hyperinsulinism A syndrome with excessively high INSULIN levels in the BLOOD. It may cause HYPOGLYCEMIA. Etiology of hyperinsulinism varies, including hypersecretion of a beta cell tumor (INSULINOMA); autoantibodies against insulin (INSULIN ANTIBODIES); defective insulin receptor (INSULIN RESISTANCE); or overuse of exogenous insulin or HYPOGLYCEMIC AGENTS.	0	3.38	7	0
Erythema Nodosum An erythematous eruption commonly associated with drug reactions or infection and characterized by inflammatory nodules that are usually tender, multiple, and bilateral. These nodules are located predominantly on the shins with less common occurrence on the thighs and forearms. They undergo characteristic color changes ending in temporary bruise-like areas. This condition usually subsides in 3-6 weeks without scarring or atrophy.	0	2.08	1	0
Cold Panniculitis [description not available]	0	2.08	1	0
Craniofacial Abnormalities Congenital structural deformities, malformations, or other abnormalities of the cranium and facial bones.	0	2.08	1	0
Anterior Cerebral Circulation Infarction [description not available]	0	7.42	42	1
Eye Abnormalities Congenital absence of or defects in structures of the eye; may also be hereditary.	0	2.98	4	0
Abnormalities, Teeth [description not available]	0	2.48	2	0
Congenital Foot Deformities [description not available]	0	2.08	1	0
Brain Infarction Tissue NECROSIS in any area of the brain, including the CEREBRAL HEMISPHERES, the CEREBELLUM, and the BRAIN STEM. Brain infarction is the result of a cascade of events initiated by inadequate blood flow through the brain that is followed by HYPOXIA and HYPOGLYCEMIA in brain tissue. Damage may be temporary, permanent, selective or pan-necrosis.	0	7.42	42	1
Xeroderma [description not available]	0	2.73	3	0
Ichthyosis Any of several generalized skin disorders characterized by dryness, roughness, and scaliness, due to hypertrophy of the stratum corneum epidermis. Most are genetic, but some are acquired, developing in association with other systemic disease or genetic syndrome.	0	2.73	3	0
Keratitis Inflammation of the cornea.	0	2.08	1	0
Acute Hepatic Failure [description not available]	0	10.04	32	0
Liver Failure, Acute A form of rapid-onset LIVER FAILURE, also known as fulminant hepatic failure, caused by severe liver injury or massive loss of HEPATOCYTES. It is characterized by sudden development of liver dysfunction and JAUNDICE. Acute liver failure may progress to exhibit cerebral dysfunction even HEPATIC COMA depending on the etiology that includes hepatic ISCHEMIA, drug toxicity, malignant infiltration, and viral hepatitis such as post-transfusion HEPATITIS B and HEPATITIS C.	0	10.04	32	0
Deficiency, Pyridoxine [description not available]	0	4.88	8	1
Experimental Pneumococcal Meningitis [description not available]	0	2.71	3	0
Meningitis, Pneumococcal An acute purulent infection of the meninges and subarachnoid space caused by Streptococcus pneumoniae, most prevalent in children and adults over the age of 60. This illness may be associated with OTITIS MEDIA; MASTOIDITIS; SINUSITIS; RESPIRATORY TRACT INFECTIONS; sickle cell disease (ANEMIA, SICKLE CELL); skull fractures; and other disorders. Clinical manifestations include FEVER; HEADACHE; neck stiffness; and somnolence followed by SEIZURES; focal neurologic deficits (notably DEAFNESS); and COMA. (From Miller et al., Merritt's Textbook of Neurology, 9th ed, p111)	0	2.71	3	0
Behavior Disorder, Rapid Eye Movement Sleep [description not available]	0	4.7	4	0
REM Sleep Behavior Disorder A disorder characterized by episodes of vigorous and often violent motor activity during REM sleep (SLEEP, REM). The affected individual may inflict self injury or harm others, and is difficult to awaken from this condition. Episodes are usually followed by a vivid recollection of a dream that is consistent with the aggressive behavior. This condition primarily affects adult males. (From Adams et al., Principles of Neurology, 6th ed, p393)	0	4.7	4	0
Abnormal Proliferation Cortical Malformations [description not available]	0	2.5	2	0
Angel Dust Abuse [description not available]	0	3.4	2	0
Blast Injuries Injuries resulting when a person is struck by particles impelled with violent force from an explosion. Blast causes pulmonary concussion and hemorrhage, laceration of other thoracic and abdominal viscera, ruptured ear drums, and minor effects in the central nervous system. (From Dorland, 27th ed)	0	2.98	4	0
Asperger Disease [description not available]	0	4.35	4	0
Asperger Syndrome A disorder beginning in childhood whose essential features are persistent impairment in reciprocal social communication and social interaction, and restricted, repetitive patterns of behavior, interests, or activities. These symptoms may limit or impair everyday functioning. (From DSM-5)	0	4.35	4	0
Low Tension Glaucoma A form of glaucoma in which chronic optic nerve damage and loss of vision normally attributable to buildup of intraocular pressure occurs despite prevailing conditions of normal intraocular pressure.	0	2.76	3	0
Adenoma, Basal Cell [description not available]	0	4.48	5	1
Adenoma A benign epithelial tumor with a glandular organization.	0	4.48	5	1
Familial Hyperinsulinemic Hypoglycemia 1 [description not available]	0	3.85	2	0
Congenital Hyperinsulinism A familial, nontransient HYPOGLYCEMIA with defects in negative feedback of GLUCOSE-regulated INSULIN release. Clinical phenotypes include HYPOGLYCEMIA; HYPERINSULINEMIA; SEIZURES; COMA; and often large BIRTH WEIGHT. Several sub-types exist with the most common, type 1, associated with mutations on an ATP-BINDING CASSETTE TRANSPORTERS (subfamily C, member 8).	0	3.85	2	0
Pain, Intractable Persistent pain that is refractory to some or all forms of treatment.	0	6.88	8	2
Protein Folding Diseases [description not available]	0	2.08	1	0
Parasitemia The presence of parasites (especially malarial parasites) in the blood. (Dorland, 27th ed)	0	2.74	3	0
Trypanosomiasis Infection with protozoa of the genus TRYPANOSOMA.	0	2.08	1	0
Babesia Infection [description not available]	0	2.08	1	0
Abnormalities, Multiple Congenital abnormalities that affect more than one organ or body structure.	0	4.2	6	0
E coli Infections [description not available]	0	2.68	3	0
Escherichia coli Infections Infections with bacteria of the species ESCHERICHIA COLI.	0	2.68	3	0
Chronic Kidney Diseases [description not available]	0	2.08	1	0
Renal Insufficiency, Chronic Conditions in which the KIDNEYS perform below the normal level for more than three months. Chronic kidney insufficiency is classified by five stages according to the decline in GLOMERULAR FILTRATION RATE and the degree of kidney damage (as measured by the level of PROTEINURIA). The most severe form is the end-stage renal disease (CHRONIC KIDNEY FAILURE). (Kidney Foundation: Kidney Disease Outcome Quality Initiative, 2002)	0	2.08	1	0
Dehydration The condition that results from excessive loss of water from a living organism.	0	4.53	9	0
Bleb [description not available]	0	2.08	1	0
Atrophic Muscular Disorders [description not available]	0	3	1	0
Acute Coronary Syndrome An episode of MYOCARDIAL ISCHEMIA that generally lasts longer than a transient anginal episode that ultimately may lead to MYOCARDIAL INFARCTION.	0	6.12	3	2
Apnea A transient absence of spontaneous respiration.	0	5.8	21	0
Central Nervous System Viral Diseases Viral infections of the brain, spinal cord, meninges, or perimeningeal spaces.	0	3.87	4	0
Apraxia, Ideokinetic [description not available]	0	2.5	2	0
Hepatic Failure [description not available]	0	12.52	19	0
Liver Failure Severe inability of the LIVER to perform its normal metabolic functions, as evidenced by severe JAUNDICE and abnormal serum levels of AMMONIA; BILIRUBIN; ALKALINE PHOSPHATASE; ASPARTATE AMINOTRANSFERASE; LACTATE DEHYDROGENASES; and albumin/globulin ratio. (Blakiston's Gould Medical Dictionary, 4th ed)	0	7.52	19	0
Disease A definite pathologic process with a characteristic set of signs and symptoms. It may affect the whole body or any of its parts, and its etiology, pathology, and prognosis may be known or unknown.	0	5.36	10	0
Cancer of ILEUM [description not available]	0	2.08	1	0
Paraganglioma, Gangliocytic [description not available]	0	2.08	1	0
Paraganglioma A neural crest tumor usually derived from the chromoreceptor tissue of a paraganglion, such as the carotid body, or medulla of the adrenal gland (usually called a chromaffinoma or pheochromocytoma). It is more common in women than in men. (Stedman, 25th ed; from Segen, Dictionary of Modern Medicine, 1992)	0	2.08	1	0
Hyperphagia Ingestion of a greater than optimal quantity of food.	0	3.88	4	0
Experimental Lung Inflammation Inflammation of any part, segment or lobe, of the lung parenchyma.	0	2.97	4	0
Pneumonia Infection of the lung often accompanied by inflammation.	0	2.97	4	0
Happy Puppet Syndrome [description not available]	0	2.52	2	0
Angelman Syndrome A syndrome characterized by multiple abnormalities, MENTAL RETARDATION, and movement disorders. Present usually are skull and other abnormalities, frequent infantile spasms (SPASMS, INFANTILE); easily provoked and prolonged paroxysms of laughter (hence happy); jerky puppetlike movements (hence puppet); continuous tongue protrusion; motor retardation; ATAXIA; MUSCLE HYPOTONIA; and a peculiar facies. It is associated with maternal deletions of chromosome 15q11-13 and other genetic abnormalities. (From Am J Med Genet 1998 Dec 4;80(4):385-90; Hum Mol Genet 1999 Jan;8(1):129-35)	0	2.52	2	0
Dysentery Acute inflammation of the intestine associated with infectious DIARRHEA of various etiologies, generally acquired by eating contaminated food containing TOXINS, BIOLOGICAL derived from BACTERIA or other microorganisms. Dysentery is characterized initially by watery FECES then by bloody mucoid stools. It is often associated with ABDOMINAL PAIN; FEVER; and DEHYDRATION.	0	2.1	1	0
Hemorrhagic Thrombocythemia [description not available]	0	2.1	1	0
Thrombocythemia, Essential A clinical syndrome characterized by repeated spontaneous hemorrhages and a remarkable increase in the number of circulating platelets.	0	2.1	1	0
Francisella tularensis Infection [description not available]	0	2.1	1	0
Tularemia A plague-like disease of rodents, transmissible to man. It is caused by FRANCISELLA TULARENSIS and is characterized by fever, chills, headache, backache, and weakness.	0	2.1	1	0
Anemia, Cooley's [description not available]	0	2.1	1	0
beta-Thalassemia A disorder characterized by reduced synthesis of the beta chains of hemoglobin. There is retardation of hemoglobin A synthesis in the heterozygous form (thalassemia minor), which is asymptomatic, while in the homozygous form (thalassemia major, Cooley's anemia, Mediterranean anemia, erythroblastic anemia), which can result in severe complications and even death, hemoglobin A synthesis is absent.	0	2.1	1	0
Cranial Nerve V Diseases [description not available]	0	2.08	1	0
Hyperlipemia [description not available]	0	2.94	4	0
Hyperlipidemias Conditions with excess LIPIDS in the blood.	0	2.94	4	0
Hyperuricemia Excessive URIC ACID or urate in blood as defined by its solubility in plasma at 37 degrees C; greater than 0.42mmol per liter (7.0mg/dL) in men or 0.36mmol per liter (6.0mg/dL) in women. This condition is caused by overproduction of uric acid or impaired renal clearance. Hyperuricemia can be acquired, drug-induced or genetically determined (LESCH-NYHAN SYNDROME). It is associated with HYPERTENSION and GOUT.	0	2.45	2	0
Nevus of Ota A macular lesion on the side of the FACE, involving the CONJUNCTIVA and EYELIDS, as well as the adjacent facial skin, SCLERA; OCULOMOTOR MUSCLES; and PERIOSTEUM. Histological features vary from those of a MONGOLIAN SPOT to those of a BLUE NEVUS.	0	2.1	1	0
MODS [description not available]	0	2.73	3	0
Multiple Organ Failure A progressive condition usually characterized by combined failure of several organs such as the lungs, liver, kidney, along with some clotting mechanisms, usually postinjury or postoperative.	0	2.73	3	0
Allergy, Latex [description not available]	0	2.47	2	0
Bradyarrhythmia [description not available]	0	4.98	38	0
Abnormal Deep Tendon Reflex [description not available]	0	3.41	7	0
Bradycardia Cardiac arrhythmias that are characterized by excessively slow HEART RATE, usually below 50 beats per minute in human adults. They can be classified broadly into SINOATRIAL NODE dysfunction and ATRIOVENTRICULAR BLOCK.	0	4.98	38	0
Reflex, Abnormal An abnormal response to a stimulus applied to the sensory components of the nervous system. This may take the form of increased, decreased, or absent reflexes.	0	3.41	7	0
Leucocythaemia [description not available]	0	4.42	8	0
Germinoblastoma [description not available]	0	4.29	7	0
Leukemia A progressive, malignant disease of the blood-forming organs, characterized by distorted proliferation and development of leukocytes and their precursors in the blood and bone marrow. Leukemias were originally termed acute or chronic based on life expectancy but now are classified according to cellular maturity. Acute leukemias consist of predominately immature cells; chronic leukemias are composed of more mature cells. (From The Merck Manual, 2006)	0	4.42	8	0
Lymphoma A general term for various neoplastic diseases of the lymphoid tissue.	0	4.29	7	0
Airflow Obstruction, Chronic [description not available]	0	6.75	8	1
Pulmonary Disease, Chronic Obstructive A disease of chronic diffuse irreversible airflow obstruction. Subcategories of COPD include CHRONIC BRONCHITIS and PULMONARY EMPHYSEMA.	0	6.75	8	1
Absence Seizure Disorder [description not available]	0	5.49	25	0
Epilepsy, Absence A seizure disorder usually occurring in childhood characterized by rhythmic electrical brain discharges of generalized onset. Clinical features include a sudden cessation of ongoing activity usually without loss of postural tone. Rhythmic blinking of the eyelids or lip smacking frequently accompanies the SEIZURES. The usual duration is 5-10 seconds, and multiple episodes may occur daily. Juvenile absence epilepsy is characterized by the juvenile onset of absence seizures and an increased incidence of myoclonus and tonic-clonic seizures. (Menkes, Textbook of Child Neurology, 5th ed, p736)	0	5.49	25	0
Disruptive, Impulse Control, and Conduct Disorders Disorders whose essential features are the failure to resist an impulse, drive, or temptation to perform an act that is harmful to the individual or to others. Individuals experience an increased sense of tension prior to the act and pleasure, gratification or release of tension at the time of committing the act.	0	4.77	2	0
Gait Disorders, Animal [description not available]	0	2.1	1	0
Brain Abscess A circumscribed collection of purulent exudate in the brain, due to bacterial and other infections. The majority are caused by spread of infected material from a focus of suppuration elsewhere in the body, notably the PARANASAL SINUSES, middle ear (see EAR, MIDDLE); HEART (see also ENDOCARDITIS, BACTERIAL), and LUNG. Penetrating CRANIOCEREBRAL TRAUMA and NEUROSURGICAL PROCEDURES may also be associated with this condition. Clinical manifestations include HEADACHE; SEIZURES; focal neurologic deficits; and alterations of consciousness. (Adams et al., Principles of Neurology, 6th ed, pp712-6)	0	3.66	3	0
Neovascularization, Optic Disc [description not available]	0	2.44	2	0
Retinal Neovascularization Formation of new blood vessels originating from the retinal veins and extending along the inner (vitreal) surface of the retina.	0	2.44	2	0
Benign Supratentorial Neoplasms [description not available]	0	3.01	4	0
Glenoid Labral Tears [description not available]	0	3.89	2	1
Rotator Cuff Injuries Injuries to the ROTATOR CUFF of the shoulder joint.	0	3.89	2	1
Shoulder Pain Unilateral or bilateral pain of the shoulder. It is often caused by physical activities such as work or sports participation, but may also be pathologic in origin.	0	4.37	4	1
Cancer of the Fallopian Tube [description not available]	0	2.1	1	0
Fallopian Tube Neoplasms Benign or malignant neoplasms of the FALLOPIAN TUBES. They are uncommon. If they develop, they may be located in the wall or within the lumen as a growth attached to the wall by a stalk.	0	2.1	1	0
Cystadenocarcinoma, Serous A malignant cystic or semicystic neoplasm. It often occurs in the ovary and usually bilaterally. The external surface is usually covered with papillary excrescences. Microscopically, the papillary patterns are predominantly epithelial overgrowths with differentiated and undifferentiated papillary serous cystadenocarcinoma cells. Psammoma bodies may be present. The tumor generally adheres to surrounding structures and produces ascites. (From Hughes, Obstetric-Gynecologic Terminology, 1972, p185)	0	2.1	1	0
Beriberi, Cerebral [description not available]	0	4.78	7	0
Abdominal Compartment Syndrome [description not available]	0	3.48	1	1
Allergy, Wheat [description not available]	0	3.37	2	0
Acathisia, Drug-Induced [description not available]	0	2.51	2	0
Fibrodysplasia Ossificans Progressiva [description not available]	0	2.1	1	0
Myositis Ossificans A disease characterized by bony deposits or the ossification of muscle tissue.	0	2.1	1	0
Calcification, Pathologic [description not available]	0	7.01	11	1
Calcinosis Pathologic deposition of calcium salts in tissues.	0	7.01	11	1
Cancer, Second Primary [description not available]	0	2.1	1	0
Carcinoma, Adenosquamous A mixed adenocarcinoma and squamous cell or epidermoid carcinoma.	0	2.1	1	0
Carcinoma, Large Cell A tumor of undifferentiated (anaplastic) cells of large size. It is usually bronchogenic. (From Dorland, 27th ed)	0	2.1	1	0
Borna Disease An encephalomyelitis of horses, sheep and cattle caused by BORNA DISEASE VIRUS.	0	2.73	3	0
Equine Diseases [description not available]	0	3.11	5	0
Hand-Schu00FCller-Christian Disease [description not available]	0	6.46	10	0
Histiocytosis, Langerhans-Cell A group of disorders resulting from the abnormal proliferation of and tissue infiltration by LANGERHANS CELLS which can be detected by their characteristic Birbeck granules (X bodies), or by monoclonal antibody staining for their surface CD1 ANTIGENS. Langerhans-cell granulomatosis can involve a single organ, or can be a systemic disorder.	0	6.46	10	0
Hemangiopericytoma A tumor composed of spindle cells with a rich vascular network, which apparently arises from pericytes, cells of smooth muscle origin that lie around small vessels. Benign and malignant hemangiopericytomas exist, and the rarity of these lesions has led to considerable confusion in distinguishing between benign and malignant variants. (From Dorland, 27th ed; DeVita Jr et al., Cancer: Principles & Practice of Oncology, 3d ed, p1364)	0	2.49	2	0
Dermatitis Medicamentosa [description not available]	0	3.34	2	0
Xanthoma [description not available]	0	3.04	1	0
Rotavirus Infections Infection with any of the rotaviruses. Specific infections include human infantile diarrhea, neonatal calf diarrhea, and epidemic diarrhea of infant mice.	0	2.46	2	0
Amelogenesis Imperfecta A clinically and genetically heterogeneous group of hereditary conditions characterized by malformed DENTAL ENAMEL, usually involving DENTAL ENAMEL HYPOPLASIA and/or TOOTH HYPOMINERALIZATION.	0	2.1	1	0
Dental Enamel Hypoplasia An acquired or hereditary condition due to deficiency in the formation of tooth enamel (AMELOGENESIS). It is usually characterized by defective, thin, or malformed DENTAL ENAMEL. Risk factors for enamel hypoplasia include gene mutations, nutritional deficiencies, diseases, and environmental factors.	0	2.1	1	0
Lymph Node Metastasis [description not available]	0	5.01	5	0
Dissociation [description not available]	0	11.98	20	9
Meningitis, Meningococcal, Serogroup A [description not available]	0	3.39	2	0
Meningitis, Meningococcal A fulminant infection of the meninges and subarachnoid fluid by the bacterium NEISSERIA MENINGITIDIS, producing diffuse inflammation and peri-meningeal venous thromboses. Clinical manifestations include FEVER, nuchal rigidity, SEIZURES, severe HEADACHE, petechial rash, stupor, focal neurologic deficits, HYDROCEPHALUS, and COMA. The organism is usually transmitted via nasopharyngeal secretions and is a leading cause of meningitis in children and young adults. Organisms from Neisseria meningitidis serogroups A, B, C, Y, and W-135 have been reported to cause meningitis. (From Adams et al., Principles of Neurology, 6th ed, pp689-701; Curr Opin Pediatr 1998 Feb;10(1):13-8)	0	3.39	2	0
Urinary Retention Inability to empty the URINARY BLADDER with voiding (URINATION).	0	2.1	1	0
Polyneuropathy, Acquired [description not available]	0	3.65	3	0
Polyneuropathies Diseases of multiple peripheral nerves simultaneously. Polyneuropathies usually are characterized by symmetrical, bilateral distal motor and sensory impairment with a graded increase in severity distally. The pathological processes affecting peripheral nerves include degeneration of the axon, myelin or both. The various forms of polyneuropathy are categorized by the type of nerve affected (e.g., sensory, motor, or autonomic), by the distribution of nerve injury (e.g., distal vs. proximal), by nerve component primarily affected (e.g., demyelinating vs. axonal), by etiology, or by pattern of inheritance.	0	3.65	3	0
Fish Diseases Diseases of freshwater, marine, hatchery or aquarium fish. This term includes diseases of both teleosts (true fish) and elasmobranchs (sharks, rays and skates).	0	2.52	2	0
Premenstrual Tension A term used to describe the psychological aspects of PREMENSTRUAL SYNDROME, such as the indescribable tension, depression, hostility, and increased seizure activity in women with seizure disorder.	0	3.85	2	1
Premenstrual Syndrome A combination of distressing physical, psychologic, or behavioral changes that occur during the luteal phase of the menstrual cycle. Symptoms of PMS are diverse (such as pain, water-retention, anxiety, cravings, and depression) and they diminish markedly 2 or 3 days after the initiation of menses.	0	3.85	2	1
Cytomegalovirus A genus of the family HERPESVIRIDAE, subfamily BETAHERPESVIRINAE, infecting the salivary glands, liver, spleen, lungs, eyes, and other organs, in which they produce characteristically enlarged cells with intranuclear inclusions. Infection with Cytomegalovirus is also seen as an opportunistic infection in AIDS.	0	8.41	7	0
Fungus Poisoning [description not available]	0	2.43	2	0
Benign Intracranial Hypertension [description not available]	0	3.37	2	0
Pseudotumor Cerebri A condition marked by raised intracranial pressure and characterized clinically by HEADACHES; NAUSEA; PAPILLEDEMA, peripheral constriction of the visual fields, transient visual obscurations, and pulsatile TINNITUS. OBESITY is frequently associated with this condition, which primarily affects women between 20 and 44 years of age. Chronic PAPILLEDEMA may lead to optic nerve injury (see OPTIC NERVE DISEASES) and visual loss (see BLINDNESS).	0	3.37	2	0
Granulomatosis, Lipid [description not available]	0	7.94	11	1
Erdheim-Chester Disease A rare form of non-Langerhans-cell histiocytosis (HISTIOCYTOSIS, NON-LANGERHANS-CELL) with onset in middle age. The systemic disease is characterized by infiltration of lipid-laden macrophages, multinucleated giant cells, an inflammatory infiltrate of lymphocytes and histiocytes in the bone marrow, and a generalized sclerosis of the long bones.	0	7.94	11	1
Anterior Cervical Pain [description not available]	0	4.06	5	0
Neck Pain Discomfort or more intense forms of pain that are localized to the cervical region. This term generally refers to pain in the posterior or lateral regions of the neck.	0	4.06	5	0
Cafe-au-Lait Spots with Pulmonic Stenosis [description not available]	0	2.11	1	0
Neurofibromatosis 1 An autosomal dominant inherited disorder (with a high frequency of spontaneous mutations) that features developmental changes in the nervous system, muscles, bones, and skin, most notably in tissue derived from the embryonic NEURAL CREST. Multiple hyperpigmented skin lesions and subcutaneous tumors are the hallmark of this disease. Peripheral and central nervous system neoplasms occur frequently, especially OPTIC NERVE GLIOMA and NEUROFIBROSARCOMA. NF1 is caused by mutations which inactivate the NF1 gene (GENES, NEUROFIBROMATOSIS 1) on chromosome 17q. The incidence of learning disabilities is also elevated in this condition. (From Adams et al., Principles of Neurology, 6th ed, pp1014-18) There is overlap of clinical features with NOONAN SYNDROME in a syndrome called neurofibromatosis-Noonan syndrome. Both the PTPN11 and NF1 gene products are involved in the SIGNAL TRANSDUCTION pathway of Ras (RAS PROTEINS).	0	2.11	1	0
Developmental Coordination Disorder [description not available]	0	3.03	1	0
Mandibular Neoplasms Tumors or cancer of the MANDIBLE.	0	2.11	1	0
Ameloblastoma An immature epithelial tumor of the JAW originating from the epithelial rests of Malassez or from other epithelial remnants of the ENAMEL from the developmental period. It is a slowly growing tumor, usually benign, but displays a marked propensity for invasive growth.	0	2.11	1	0
Adenoma, Prostatic [description not available]	0	3.07	5	0
Prostatic Hyperplasia Increase in constituent cells in the PROSTATE, leading to enlargement of the organ (hypertrophy) and adverse impact on the lower urinary tract function. This can be caused by increased rate of cell proliferation, reduced rate of cell death, or both.	0	3.07	5	0
Cot Death [description not available]	0	3.84	4	0
Diseases of Endocrine System [description not available]	0	3.86	4	0
Endocrine System Diseases Pathological processes of the ENDOCRINE GLANDS, and diseases resulting from abnormal level of available HORMONES.	0	3.86	4	0
Glioblastoma with Sarcomatous Component [description not available]	0	2.11	1	0
Gliosarcoma Rare mixed tumors of the brain and rarely the spinal cord which contain malignant neuroectodermal (glial) and mesenchymal components, including spindle-shaped fibrosarcoma cells. These tumors are highly aggressive and present primarily in adults as rapidly expanding mass lesions. They may arise in tissue that has been previously irradiated. (From Br J Neurosurg 1995 Apr;9(2):171-8)	0	2.11	1	0
Brain Injuries, Penetrating [description not available]	0	3.03	1	0
External Ophthalmoplegia [description not available]	0	3.63	3	0
Anosmic Hypogonadism [description not available]	0	3.03	1	0
Eye Diseases, Hereditary Transmission of gene defects or chromosomal aberrations/abnormalities which are expressed in extreme variation in the structure or function of the eye. These may be evident at birth, but may be manifested later with progression of the disorder.	0	3.38	2	0
Kallmann Syndrome A genetically heterogeneous disorder caused by hypothalamic GNRH deficiency and OLFACTORY NERVE defects. It is characterized by congenital HYPOGONADOTROPIC HYPOGONADISM and ANOSMIA, possibly with additional midline defects. It can be transmitted as an X-linked (GENETIC DISEASES, X-LINKED), an autosomal dominant, or an autosomal recessive trait.	0	3.03	1	0
Thyroid Cancer, Anaplastic [description not available]	0	3.4	2	0
Thyroid Carcinoma, Anaplastic An aggressive THYROID GLAND malignancy which generally occurs in IODINE-deficient areas in people with previous thyroid pathology such as GOITER. It is associated with CELL DEDIFFERENTIATION of THYROID CARCINOMA (e.g., FOLLICULAR THYROID CARCINOMA; PAPILLARY THYROID CANCER). Typical initial presentation is a rapidly growing neck mass which upon metastasis is associated with DYSPHAGIA; NECK PAIN; bone pain; DYSPNEA; and NEUROLOGIC DEFICITS.	0	3.4	2	0
Alcoholic Hepatitis [description not available]	0	2.11	1	0
Hepatitis, Alcoholic INFLAMMATION of the LIVER due to ALCOHOL ABUSE. It is characterized by NECROSIS of HEPATOCYTES, infiltration by NEUTROPHILS, and deposit of MALLORY BODIES. Depending on its severity, the inflammatory lesion may be reversible or progress to LIVER CIRRHOSIS.	0	2.11	1	0
Libman-Sacks Disease [description not available]	0	4.56	9	0
Lupus Erythematosus, Systemic A chronic, relapsing, inflammatory, and often febrile multisystemic disorder of connective tissue, characterized principally by involvement of the skin, joints, kidneys, and serosal membranes. It is of unknown etiology, but is thought to represent a failure of the regulatory mechanisms of the autoimmune system. The disease is marked by a wide range of system dysfunctions, an elevated erythrocyte sedimentation rate, and the formation of LE cells in the blood or bone marrow.	0	4.56	9	0
Hemisensory Neglect [description not available]	0	3.67	3	0
Chromesthesia [description not available]	0	2.11	1	0
Perceptual Disorders Cognitive disorders characterized by an impaired ability to perceive the nature of objects or concepts through use of the sense organs. These include spatial neglect syndromes, where an individual does not attend to visual, auditory, or sensory stimuli presented from one side of the body.	0	3.67	3	0
Hematoma A collection of blood outside the BLOOD VESSELS. Hematoma can be localized in an organ, space, or tissue.	0	3.29	6	0
Glue Abuse [description not available]	0	2.13	1	0
Leukocytosis A transient increase in the number of leukocytes in a body fluid.	0	2.11	1	0
Cardiac Arrest, Sudden [description not available]	0	2.46	2	0
Atrioventricular Nodal Re-Entrant Tachycardia [description not available]	0	2.13	1	0
Isolated Non-compaction of the Ventricular Myocardium [description not available]	0	2.13	1	0
Death, Sudden, Cardiac Unexpected rapid natural death due to cardiovascular collapse within one hour of initial symptoms. It is usually caused by the worsening of existing heart diseases. The sudden onset of symptoms, such as CHEST PAIN and CARDIAC ARRHYTHMIAS, particularly VENTRICULAR TACHYCARDIA, can lead to the loss of consciousness and cardiac arrest followed by biological death. (from Braunwald's Heart Disease: A Textbook of Cardiovascular Medicine, 7th ed., 2005)	0	2.46	2	0
Tachycardia, Ventricular An abnormally rapid ventricular rhythm usually in excess of 150 beats per minute. It is generated within the ventricle below the BUNDLE OF HIS, either as autonomic impulse formation or reentrant impulse conduction. Depending on the etiology, onset of ventricular tachycardia can be paroxysmal (sudden) or nonparoxysmal, its wide QRS complexes can be uniform or polymorphic, and the ventricular beating may be independent of the atrial beating (AV dissociation).	0	2.13	1	0
Thyroid Diseases Pathological processes involving the THYROID GLAND.	0	2.46	2	0
Developmental Psychomotor Disorders [description not available]	0	2.97	4	0
Stunted Growth [description not available]	0	3.41	7	0
Pregnancy in Diabetes [description not available]	0	2.41	2	0
Acquired Facial Neuropathy [description not available]	0	2.11	1	0
Growth Disorders Deviations from the average values for a specific age and sex in any or all of the following: height, weight, skeletal proportions, osseous development, or maturation of features. Included here are both acceleration and retardation of growth.	0	3.41	7	0
Hypesthesia Absent or reduced sensitivity to cutaneous stimulation.	0	3.5	1	1
Cerebrovascular Moyamoya Disease [description not available]	0	2.43	2	0
Cerebral Arteriosclerosis [description not available]	0	7.67	3	0
Intracranial Arteriosclerosis Vascular diseases characterized by thickening and hardening of the walls of ARTERIES inside the SKULL. There are three subtypes: (1) atherosclerosis with fatty deposits in the ARTERIAL INTIMA; (2) Monckeberg's sclerosis with calcium deposits in the media and (3) arteriolosclerosis involving the small caliber arteries. Clinical signs include HEADACHE; CONFUSION; transient blindness (AMAUROSIS FUGAX); speech impairment; and HEMIPARESIS.	0	2.67	3	0
Neurogenic Inflammation Inflammation caused by an injurious stimulus of peripheral neurons and resulting in release of neuropeptides which affect vascular permeability and help initiate proinflammatory and immune reactions at the site of injury.	0	3.87	4	0
Air Sickness [description not available]	0	3.85	4	0
Motion Sickness Disorder caused by motion. It includes sea sickness, train sickness, roller coaster rides, rocking chair, hammock swing, car sickness, air sickness, or SPACE MOTION SICKNESS. Symptoms include nausea, vomiting and/or dizziness.	0	3.85	4	0
Exertional Heat Illness [description not available]	0	4.31	4	1
Leukemia, Megakaryocytic [description not available]	0	2.11	1	0
Leukemia, Megakaryoblastic, Acute An acute myeloid leukemia in which 20-30% of the bone marrow or peripheral blood cells are of megakaryocyte lineage. MYELOFIBROSIS or increased bone marrow RETICULIN is common.	0	2.11	1	0
Urinary Calculi Low-density crystals or stones in any part of the URINARY TRACT. Their chemical compositions often include CALCIUM OXALATE, magnesium ammonium phosphate (struvite), CYSTINE, or URIC ACID.	0	2.9	4	0
Breathlessness [description not available]	0	2.11	1	0
Dyspnea Difficult or labored breathing.	0	2.11	1	0
22q11 Deletion Syndrome Condition with a variable constellation of phenotypes due to deletion polymorphisms at chromosome location 22q11. It encompasses several syndromes with overlapping abnormalities including the DIGEORGE SYNDROME, VELOCARDIOFACIAL SYNDROME, and CONOTRUNCAL AMOMALY FACE SYNDROME. In addition, variable developmental problems and schizoid features are also associated with this syndrome. (From BMC Med Genet. 2009 Feb 25;10:16) Not all deletions at 22q11 result in the 22q11deletion syndrome.	0	2.11	1	0
Taste Disorder, Anterior Tongue [description not available]	0	2.46	2	0
Infections, Neisseriaceae [description not available]	0	2.11	1	0
Aganglionic Megacolon [description not available]	0	2.11	1	0
Hirschsprung Disease Congenital MEGACOLON resulting from the absence of ganglion cells (aganglionosis) in a distal segment of the LARGE INTESTINE. The aganglionic segment is permanently contracted thus causing dilatation proximal to it. In most cases, the aganglionic segment is within the RECTUM and SIGMOID COLON.	0	2.11	1	0
Bone Loss, Perimenopausal [description not available]	0	2.11	1	0
Menopause The last menstrual period. Permanent cessation of menses (MENSTRUATION) is usually defined after 6 to 12 months of AMENORRHEA in a woman over 45 years of age. In the United States, menopause generally occurs in women between 48 and 55 years of age.	0	6.4	8	0
Osteoporosis, Postmenopausal Metabolic disorder associated with fractures of the femoral neck, vertebrae, and distal forearm. It occurs commonly in women within 15-20 years after menopause, and is caused by factors associated with menopause including estrogen deficiency.	0	2.11	1	0
Hepatitis INFLAMMATION of the LIVER.	0	3.74	11	0
Anophthalmia [description not available]	0	2.11	1	0
Primary Peritonitis [description not available]	0	5.34	7	0
Peritonitis INFLAMMATION of the PERITONEUM lining the ABDOMINAL CAVITY as the result of infectious, autoimmune, or chemical processes. Primary peritonitis is due to infection of the PERITONEAL CAVITY via hematogenous or lymphatic spread and without intra-abdominal source. Secondary peritonitis arises from the ABDOMINAL CAVITY itself through RUPTURE or ABSCESS of intra-abdominal organs.	0	5.34	7	0
Asphyxia Neonatorum Respiratory failure in the newborn. (Dorland, 27th ed)	0	8.65	21	3
Cicatrization The formation of fibrous tissue in the place of normal tissue during the process of WOUND HEALING. It includes scar tissue formation occurring in healing internal organs as well as in the skin after surface injuries.	0	2.11	1	0
Cicatrix The fibrous tissue that replaces normal tissue during the process of WOUND HEALING.	0	2.11	1	0
Anemia, Hemolytic, Acquired [description not available]	0	2.71	3	0
Iron Metabolism Disorders Disorders in the processing of iron in the body: its absorption, transport, storage, and utilization. (From Mosby's Medical, Nursing, & Allied Health Dictionary, 4th ed)	0	2.46	2	0
Anemia, Hemolytic A condition of inadequate circulating red blood cells (ANEMIA) or insufficient HEMOGLOBIN due to premature destruction of red blood cells (ERYTHROCYTES).	0	2.71	3	0
Cancer of Digestive System [description not available]	0	3.03	1	0
Digestive System Neoplasms Tumors or cancer of the DIGESTIVE SYSTEM.	0	3.03	1	0
Left Ventricular Hypertrophy [description not available]	0	2.45	2	0
Hypertrophy, Left Ventricular Enlargement of the LEFT VENTRICLE of the heart. This increase in ventricular mass is attributed to sustained abnormal pressure or volume loads and is a contributor to cardiovascular morbidity and mortality.	0	2.45	2	0
Antidiuretic Hormone, Inappropriate Secretion [description not available]	0	2.13	1	0
Inappropriate ADH Syndrome A condition of HYPONATREMIA and renal salt loss attributed to overexpansion of BODY FLUIDS resulting from sustained release of ANTIDIURETIC HORMONES which stimulates renal resorption of water. It is characterized by normal KIDNEY function, high urine OSMOLALITY, low serum osmolality, and neurological dysfunction. Etiologies include ADH-producing neoplasms, injuries or diseases involving the HYPOTHALAMUS, the PITUITARY GLAND, and the LUNG. This syndrome can also be drug-induced.	0	2.13	1	0
Encephalitis, West Nile Fever [description not available]	0	2.47	2	0
West Nile Fever A mosquito-borne viral illness caused by the WEST NILE VIRUS, a FLAVIVIRUS and endemic to regions of Africa, Asia, and Europe. Common clinical features include HEADACHE; FEVER; maculopapular rash; gastrointestinal symptoms; and lymphadenopathy. MENINGITIS; ENCEPHALITIS; and MYELITIS may also occur. The disease may occasionally be fatal or leave survivors with residual neurologic deficits. (From Joynt, Clinical Neurology, 1996, Ch26, p13; Lancet 1998 Sep 5;352(9130):767-71)	0	2.47	2	0
Brain Atrophy, Circumscribed Lobar [description not available]	0	2.46	2	0
Pick Disease of the Brain A rare form of DEMENTIA that is sometimes familial. Clinical features include APHASIA; APRAXIA; CONFUSION; ANOMIA; memory loss; and personality deterioration. This pattern is consistent with the pathologic findings of circumscribed atrophy of the poles of the FRONTAL LOBE and TEMPORAL LOBE. Neuronal loss is maximal in the HIPPOCAMPUS, entorhinal cortex, and AMYGDALA. Some ballooned cortical neurons contain argentophylic (Pick) bodies. (From Brain Pathol 1998 Apr;8(2):339-54; Adams et al., Principles of Neurology, 6th ed, pp1057-9)	0	2.46	2	0
Acute-On-Chronic Liver Failure (ACLF) [description not available]	0	2.11	1	0
Acute-On-Chronic Liver Failure Sudden liver failure in the presence of underlying compensated chronic LIVER DISEASE (e.g., LIVER CIRRHOSIS; HEPATITIS; and liver injury and failure) due to a precipitating acute hepatic insult.	0	2.11	1	0
Leishmaniasis, American [description not available]	0	2.11	1	0
Leishmaniasis, Cutaneous An endemic disease that is characterized by the development of single or multiple localized lesions on exposed areas of skin that typically ulcerate. The disease has been divided into Old and New World forms. Old World leishmaniasis is separated into three distinct types according to epidemiology and clinical manifestations and is caused by species of the L. tropica and L. aethiopica complexes as well as by species of the L. major genus. New World leishmaniasis, also called American leishmaniasis, occurs in South and Central America and is caused by species of the L. mexicana or L. braziliensis complexes.	0	2.11	1	0
Endometrioma An enlarged area of ENDOMETRIOSIS that resembles a tumor. It is usually found in the OVARY. When it is filled with old blood, it is known as a chocolate cyst.	0	3.37	2	0
Pelvic Pain Pain in the pelvic region of genital and non-genital origin.	0	3.04	1	0
Endometriosis A condition in which functional endometrial tissue is present outside the UTERUS. It is often confined to the PELVIS involving the OVARY, the ligaments, cul-de-sac, and the uterovesical peritoneum.	0	3.37	2	0
Minimal Disease, Residual [description not available]	0	2.13	1	0
Cancer of Pituitary [description not available]	0	3.45	2	0
Craniopharyngioma, Adamantinous [description not available]	0	3.45	2	0
Craniopharyngioma A benign pituitary-region neoplasm that originates from Rathke's pouch. The two major histologic and clinical subtypes are adamantinous (or classical) craniopharyngioma and papillary craniopharyngioma. The adamantinous form presents in children and adolescents as an expanding cystic lesion in the pituitary region. The cystic cavity is filled with a black viscous substance and histologically the tumor is composed of adamantinomatous epithelium and areas of calcification and necrosis. Papillary craniopharyngiomas occur in adults, and histologically feature a squamous epithelium with papillations. (From Joynt, Clinical Neurology, 1998, Ch14, p50)	0	3.45	2	0
Pituitary Neoplasms Neoplasms which arise from or metastasize to the PITUITARY GLAND. The majority of pituitary neoplasms are adenomas, which are divided into non-secreting and secreting forms. Hormone producing forms are further classified by the type of hormone they secrete. Pituitary adenomas may also be characterized by their staining properties (see ADENOMA, BASOPHIL; ADENOMA, ACIDOPHIL; and ADENOMA, CHROMOPHOBE). Pituitary tumors may compress adjacent structures, including the HYPOTHALAMUS, several CRANIAL NERVES, and the OPTIC CHIASM. Chiasmal compression may result in bitemporal HEMIANOPSIA.	0	3.45	2	0
Adjuvant Arthritis [description not available]	0	6.26	13	0
Autoimmune Disease [description not available]	0	5.58	9	0
Autoimmune Diseases Disorders that are characterized by the production of antibodies that react with host tissues or immune effector cells that are autoreactive to endogenous peptides.	0	5.58	9	0
Body Rocking [description not available]	0	3.86	4	0
Edema, Pulmonary [description not available]	0	2.71	3	0
Pulmonary Edema Excessive accumulation of extravascular fluid in the lung, an indication of a serious underlying disease or disorder. Pulmonary edema prevents efficient PULMONARY GAS EXCHANGE in the PULMONARY ALVEOLI, and can be life-threatening.	0	2.71	3	0
Cancer of Endocrine Gland [description not available]	0	3.04	1	0
Endocrine Gland Neoplasms Tumors or cancer of the ENDOCRINE GLANDS.	0	3.04	1	0
Catatonia A neuropsychiatric disorder characterized by one or more of the following essential features: immobility, mutism, negativism (active or passive refusal to follow commands), mannerisms, stereotypies, posturing, grimacing, excitement, echolalia, echopraxia, muscular rigidity, and stupor; sometimes punctuated by sudden violent outbursts, panic, or hallucinations. This condition may be associated with psychiatric illnesses (e.g., SCHIZOPHRENIA; MOOD DISORDERS) or organic disorders (NEUROLEPTIC MALIGNANT SYNDROME; ENCEPHALITIS, etc.). (From DSM-IV, 4th ed, 1994; APA, Thesaurus of Psychological Index Terms, 1994)	0	3.81	4	0
Cherry Red Spot Myoclonus Syndrome [description not available]	0	2.13	1	0
Complications, Infectious Pregnancy [description not available]	0	4.85	5	0
Death, Sudden The abrupt cessation of all vital bodily functions, manifested by the permanent loss of total cerebral, respiratory, and cardiovascular functions.	0	2.13	1	0
Adenoma Sebaceum Facial ANGIOFIBROMA in tuberous sclerosis	0	4.88	13	0
Tuberous Sclerosis Autosomal dominant neurocutaneous syndrome classically characterized by MENTAL RETARDATION; EPILEPSY; and skin lesions (e.g., adenoma sebaceum and hypomelanotic macules). There is, however, considerable heterogeneity in the neurologic manifestations. It is also associated with cortical tuber and HAMARTOMAS formation throughout the body, especially the heart, kidneys, and eyes. Mutations in two loci TSC1 and TSC2 that encode hamartin and tuberin, respectively, are associated with the disease.	0	4.88	13	0
Skin Ulcer An ULCER of the skin and underlying tissues.	0	2.83	3	0
Cardiomyopathy, Hypertrophic Obstructive [description not available]	0	3.82	11	0
Cardiomyopathy, Hypertrophic A form of CARDIAC MUSCLE disease, characterized by left and/or right ventricular hypertrophy (HYPERTROPHY, LEFT VENTRICULAR; HYPERTROPHY, RIGHT VENTRICULAR), frequent asymmetrical involvement of the HEART SEPTUM, and normal or reduced left ventricular volume. Risk factors include HYPERTENSION; AORTIC STENOSIS; and gene MUTATION; (FAMILIAL HYPERTROPHIC CARDIOMYOPATHY).	0	3.82	11	0
Angiomatosis Oculoorbital-Thalamic Syndrome [description not available]	0	2.13	1	0
Sturge-Weber Syndrome A non-inherited congenital condition with vascular and neurological abnormalities. It is characterized by facial vascular nevi (PORT-WINE STAIN), and capillary angiomatosis of intracranial membranes (MENINGES; CHOROID). Neurological features include EPILEPSY; cognitive deficits; GLAUCOMA; and visual defects.	0	2.13	1	0
Cushing's Syndrome [description not available]	0	2.13	1	0
Cushing Syndrome A condition caused by prolonged exposure to excess levels of cortisol (HYDROCORTISONE) or other GLUCOCORTICOIDS from endogenous or exogenous sources. It is characterized by upper body OBESITY; OSTEOPOROSIS; HYPERTENSION; DIABETES MELLITUS; HIRSUTISM; AMENORRHEA; and excess body fluid. Endogenous Cushing syndrome or spontaneous hypercortisolism is divided into two groups, those due to an excess of ADRENOCORTICOTROPIN and those that are ACTH-independent.	0	2.13	1	0
Neuroretinitis [description not available]	0	2.45	2	0
Retinitis Inflammation of the RETINA. It is rarely limited to the retina, but is commonly associated with diseases of the choroid (CHORIORETINITIS) and of the OPTIC DISK (neuroretinitis).	0	2.45	2	0
Brain Thrombosis [description not available]	0	2.5	2	0
Cancer-Associated Pain [description not available]	0	3.74	3	0
Cancer Pain Pain that may be caused by or related to cellular, tissue, and systemic changes that occur during NEOPLASM growth, tissue invasion, and METASTASIS.	0	3.74	3	0
Suffocation [description not available]	0	4.86	13	0
Asphyxia A pathological condition caused by lack of oxygen, manifested in impending or actual cessation of life.	0	9.86	13	0
Starvation Lengthy and continuous deprivation of food. (Stedman, 25th ed)	0	4.23	18	0
Agrammatic Broca Aphasia [description not available]	0	2.13	1	0
Basal Ganglia Diseases Diseases of the BASAL GANGLIA including the PUTAMEN; GLOBUS PALLIDUS; claustrum; AMYGDALA; and CAUDATE NUCLEUS. DYSKINESIAS (most notably involuntary movements and alterations of the rate of movement) represent the primary clinical manifestations of these disorders. Common etiologies include CEREBROVASCULAR DISORDERS; NEURODEGENERATIVE DISEASES; and CRANIOCEREBRAL TRAUMA.	0	5.78	15	0
Pleurisy INFLAMMATION of PLEURA, the lining of the LUNG. When PARIETAL PLEURA is involved, there is pleuritic CHEST PAIN.	0	2.13	1	0
Mixed Pineocytoma-Pineoblastoma [description not available]	0	3.04	1	0
Pinealoma Neoplasms which originate from pineal parenchymal cells that tend to enlarge the gland and be locally invasive. The two major forms are pineocytoma and the more malignant pineoblastoma. Pineocytomas have moderate cellularity and tend to form rosette patterns. Pineoblastomas are highly cellular tumors containing small, poorly differentiated cells. These tumors occasionally seed the neuroaxis or cause obstructive HYDROCEPHALUS or Parinaud's syndrome. GERMINOMA; CARCINOMA, EMBRYONAL; GLIOMA; and other neoplasms may arise in the pineal region with germinoma being the most common pineal region tumor. (From DeVita et al., Cancer: Principles and Practice of Oncology, 5th ed, p2064; Adams et al., Principles of Neurology, 6th ed, p670)	0	3.04	1	0
Bronchial Hyperreactivity Tendency of the smooth muscle of the tracheobronchial tree to contract more intensely in response to a given stimulus than it does in the response seen in normal individuals. This condition is present in virtually all symptomatic patients with asthma. The most prominent manifestation of this smooth muscle contraction is a decrease in airway caliber that can be readily measured in the pulmonary function laboratory.	0	2.96	4	0
Nevoxanthoendothelioma [description not available]	0	2.13	1	0
Coronary Occlusion Complete blockage of blood flow through one of the CORONARY ARTERIES, usually from CORONARY ATHEROSCLEROSIS.	0	2.48	2	0
Left Ventricular Dysfunction [description not available]	0	7.06	5	2
Ventricular Dysfunction, Left A condition in which the LEFT VENTRICLE of the heart was functionally impaired. This condition usually leads to HEART FAILURE; MYOCARDIAL INFARCTION; and other cardiovascular complications. Diagnosis is made by measuring the diminished ejection fraction and a depressed level of motility of the left ventricular wall.	0	7.06	5	2
Inborn Errors of Metabolism [description not available]	0	3.12	5	0
Metabolism, Inborn Errors Errors in metabolic processes resulting from inborn genetic mutations that are inherited or acquired in utero.	0	3.12	5	0
Muscle Relaxation That phase of a muscle twitch during which a muscle returns to a resting position.	0	4.87	13	0
E chaffeensis Infection [description not available]	0	2.13	1	0
Esophageal Reflux [description not available]	0	3.04	1	0
Gastroesophageal Reflux Retrograde flow of gastric juice (GASTRIC ACID) and/or duodenal contents (BILE ACIDS; PANCREATIC JUICE) into the distal ESOPHAGUS, commonly due to incompetence of the LOWER ESOPHAGEAL SPHINCTER.	0	3.04	1	0
Cranial Sinus Thrombosis [description not available]	0	2.13	1	0
Hormone-Dependent Neoplasms [description not available]	0	3.28	2	0
17p11.2 Monosomy [description not available]	0	2.13	1	0
Smith-Magenis Syndrome Complex neurobehavioral disorder characterized by distinctive facial features (FACIES), developmental delay and INTELLECTUAL DISABILITY. Behavioral phenotypes include sleep disturbance, maladaptive, self-injurious and attention-seeking behaviors. The sleep disturbance is linked to an abnormal circadian secretion pattern of MELATONIN. The syndrome is associated with de novo deletion or mutation and HAPLOINSUFFICIENCY of the retinoic acid-induced 1 protein on chromosome 17p11.2.	0	2.13	1	0
Empyema, Gall Bladder [description not available]	0	2.38	2	0
Cholecystitis Inflammation of the GALLBLADDER; generally caused by impairment of BILE flow, GALLSTONES in the BILIARY TRACT, infections, or other diseases.	0	2.38	2	0
Classic Galactosemia [description not available]	0	2.15	1	0
Galactosemias A group of inherited enzyme deficiencies which feature elevations of GALACTOSE in the blood. This condition may be associated with deficiencies of GALACTOKINASE; UDPGLUCOSE-HEXOSE-1-PHOSPHATE URIDYLYLTRANSFERASE; or UDPGLUCOSE 4-EPIMERASE. The classic form is caused by UDPglucose-Hexose-1-Phosphate Uridylyltransferase deficiency, and presents in infancy with FAILURE TO THRIVE; VOMITING; and INTRACRANIAL HYPERTENSION. Affected individuals also may develop MENTAL RETARDATION; JAUNDICE; hepatosplenomegaly; ovarian failure (PRIMARY OVARIAN INSUFFICIENCY); and cataracts. (From Menkes, Textbook of Child Neurology, 5th ed, pp61-3)	0	2.15	1	0
Group A Strep Infection [description not available]	0	2.89	4	0
Streptococcal Infections Infections with bacteria of the genus STREPTOCOCCUS.	0	2.89	4	0
Heavy Metal Poisoning, Nervous System Conditions associated with damage or dysfunction of the nervous system caused by exposure to heavy metals, which may cause a variety of central, peripheral, or autonomic nervous system injuries.	0	3.04	1	0
Goldblatt Syndrome [description not available]	0	2.94	4	0
Hypertension, Renovascular Hypertension due to RENAL ARTERY OBSTRUCTION or compression.	0	2.94	4	0
Foot and Mouth Disease [description not available]	0	2.15	1	0
Lipid Metabolism, Inborn Error [description not available]	0	2.13	1	0
Abnormalities, Congenital [description not available]	0	2.47	2	0
Infections, Klebsiella [description not available]	0	2.15	1	0
Klebsiella Infections Infections with bacteria of the genus KLEBSIELLA.	0	2.15	1	0
Encephalitis, Japanese B [description not available]	0	2.73	3	0
Encephalitis, Japanese A mosquito-borne encephalitis caused by the Japanese B encephalitis virus (ENCEPHALITIS VIRUS, JAPANESE) occurring throughout Eastern Asia and Australia. The majority of infections occur in children and are subclinical or have features limited to transient fever and gastrointestinal symptoms. Inflammation of the brain, spinal cord, and meninges may occur and lead to transient or permanent neurologic deficits (including a POLIOMYELITIS-like presentation); SEIZURES; COMA; and death. (From Adams et al., Principles of Neurology, 6th ed, p751; Lancet 1998 Apr 11;351(9109):1094-7)	0	2.73	3	0
Infections, Roseolovirus [description not available]	0	2.15	1	0
Coma A profound state of unconsciousness associated with depressed cerebral activity from which the individual cannot be aroused. Coma generally occurs when there is dysfunction or injury involving both cerebral hemispheres or the brain stem RETICULAR FORMATION.	0	6.62	38	0
Anesthesia Related Hyperthermia [description not available]	0	2.15	1	0
Bladder Cancer [description not available]	0	7.96	4	0
Urinary Bladder Neoplasms Tumors or cancer of the URINARY BLADDER.	0	2.96	4	0
Decreased Muscle Tone [description not available]	0	2.5	2	0
Adult Neuroaxonal Dystrophy [description not available]	0	2.15	1	0
Encephalitis, Saint Louis [description not available]	0	2.15	1	0
Sarcoma, Epithelioid [description not available]	0	3.06	5	0
Sarcoma A connective tissue neoplasm formed by proliferation of mesodermal cells; it is usually highly malignant.	0	8.06	5	0
Delusional Disorder Disorder with presentation of a facade of coldness with characteristic pervasive mistrust and suspiciousness of others.	0	3.24	6	0
Anal Cancer [description not available]	0	2.04	1	0
Anus Neoplasms Tumors or cancer of the ANAL CANAL.	0	2.04	1	0
Autonomic Hyperreflexia [description not available]	0	2.04	1	0
Autonomic Dysreflexia A syndrome associated with damage to the spinal cord above the mid thoracic level (see SPINAL CORD INJURIES) characterized by a marked increase in the sympathetic response to minor stimuli such as bladder or rectal distention. Manifestations include HYPERTENSION; TACHYCARDIA (or reflex bradycardia); FEVER; FLUSHING; and HYPERHIDROSIS. Extreme hypertension may be associated with a STROKE. (From Adams et al., Principles of Neurology, 6th ed, pp538 and 1232; J Spinal Cord Med 1997;20(3):355-60)	0	2.04	1	0
Abnormalities, Congenital, Nervous System [description not available]	0	6.4	9	1
Endotoxin Shock [description not available]	0	4.09	3	1
Shock, Septic Sepsis associated with HYPOTENSION or hypoperfusion despite adequate fluid resuscitation. Perfusion abnormalities may include but are not limited to LACTIC ACIDOSIS; OLIGURIA; or acute alteration in mental status.	0	4.09	3	1
Drug Abuse, Intravenous [description not available]	0	3.38	2	0
Anterior Horn Cell Disease [description not available]	0	8.23	30	0
Motor Neuron Disease Diseases characterized by a selective degeneration of the motor neurons of the spinal cord, brainstem, or motor cortex. Clinical subtypes are distinguished by the major site of degeneration. In AMYOTROPHIC LATERAL SCLEROSIS there is involvement of upper, lower, and brainstem motor neurons. In progressive muscular atrophy and related syndromes (see MUSCULAR ATROPHY, SPINAL) the motor neurons in the spinal cord are primarily affected. With progressive bulbar palsy (BULBAR PALSY, PROGRESSIVE), the initial degeneration occurs in the brainstem. In primary lateral sclerosis, the cortical neurons are affected in isolation. (Adams et al., Principles of Neurology, 6th ed, p1089)	0	8.23	30	0
Central Nervous System Tuberculosis [description not available]	0	2.04	1	0
Bile Duct Obstruction [description not available]	0	2.72	3	0
Liver Dysfunction [description not available]	0	12.03	45	0
Cholestasis Impairment of bile flow due to obstruction in small bile ducts (INTRAHEPATIC CHOLESTASIS) or obstruction in large bile ducts (EXTRAHEPATIC CHOLESTASIS).	0	2.72	3	0
Liver Diseases Pathological processes of the LIVER.	0	7.03	45	0
Infections, Orthomyxoviridae [description not available]	0	2.95	4	0
Orthomyxoviridae Infections Virus diseases caused by the ORTHOMYXOVIRIDAE.	0	2.95	4	0
Gas Poisoning Poisoning that results from exposure to gases such as CARBON MONOXIDE; NOBLE GASES; OXYGEN; or NATURAL GAS.	0	2.96	1	0
Glycogenosis [description not available]	0	3.34	2	0
Glycogen Storage Disease A group of inherited metabolic disorders involving the enzymes responsible for the synthesis and degradation of glycogen. In some patients, prominent liver involvement is presented. In others, more generalized storage of glycogen occurs, sometimes with prominent cardiac involvement.	0	3.34	2	0
Glioma, Subependymal Rare, slow-growing, benign intraventricular tumors, often asymptomatic and discovered incidentally. The tumors are classified histologically as ependymomas and demonstrate a proliferation of subependymal fibrillary astrocytes among the ependymal tumor cells. (From Clin Neurol Neurosurg 1997 Feb;99(1):17-22)	0	2.04	1	0
Depth Intoxication [description not available]	0	2.96	4	0
Hyperpotassemia [description not available]	0	3.12	5	0
Hyperkalemia Abnormally high potassium concentration in the blood, most often due to defective renal excretion. It is characterized clinically by electrocardiographic abnormalities (elevated T waves and depressed P waves, and eventually by atrial asystole). In severe cases, weakness and flaccid paralysis may occur. (Dorland, 27th ed)	0	3.12	5	0
Myofascial Trigger Point Pain [description not available]	0	7.33	8	2
Myofascial Pain Syndromes Muscular pain in numerous body regions that can be reproduced by pressure on TRIGGER POINTS, localized hardenings in skeletal muscle tissue. Pain is referred to a location distant from the trigger points. A prime example is the TEMPOROMANDIBULAR JOINT DYSFUNCTION SYNDROME.	0	7.33	8	2
Hematoma, Subdural, Acute Accumulation of blood in the SUBDURAL SPACE with acute onset of neurological symptoms. Symptoms may include loss of consciousness, severe HEADACHE, and deteriorating mental status.	0	2.73	3	0
Injuries, Radiation [description not available]	0	2.67	3	0
Spider Veins [description not available]	0	2.04	1	0
Telangiectasis Permanent dilation of preexisting blood vessels (CAPILLARIES; ARTERIOLES; VENULES) creating small focal red lesions, most commonly in the skin or mucous membranes. It is characterized by the prominence of skin blood vessels, such as vascular spiders.	0	2.04	1	0
Alkalosis A pathological condition that removes acid or adds base to the body fluids.	0	3.23	6	0
Crush Syndrome Severe systemic manifestation of trauma and ischemia involving soft tissues, principally skeletal muscle, due to prolonged severe crushing. It leads to increased permeability of the cell membrane and to the release of potassium, enzymes, and myoglobin from within cells. Ischemic renal dysfunction secondary to hypotension and diminished renal perfusion results in acute tubular necrosis and uremia.	0	2.43	2	0
Abnormalities, Autosome [description not available]	0	4.18	6	0
Chromosome Deletion Actual loss of portion of a chromosome.	0	4	14	0
Bare Lymphocyte Syndrome [description not available]	0	2.93	4	0
Severe Combined Immunodeficiency Group of rare congenital disorders characterized by impairment of both humoral and cell-mediated immunity, leukopenia, and low or absent antibody levels. It is inherited as an X-linked or autosomal recessive defect. Mutations occurring in many different genes cause human Severe Combined Immunodeficiency (SCID).	0	2.93	4	0
Electron Transfer Flavoprotein Alpha Subunit Deficiency [description not available]	0	2.05	1	0
Moraxella Infections [description not available]	0	2.04	1	0
Erythermalgia [description not available]	0	2.04	1	0
Erythromelalgia A peripheral arterial disease that is characterized by the triad of ERYTHEMA, burning PAIN, and increased SKIN TEMPERATURE of the extremities (or red, painful extremities). Erythromelalgia may be classified as primary or idiopathic, familial or non-familial. Secondary erythromelalgia is associated with other diseases, the most common being MYELOPROLIFERATIVE DISORDERS.	0	2.04	1	0
Acute Hemorrhagic Encephalomyelitis [description not available]	0	2.04	1	0
AIDS Seroconversion [description not available]	0	3.26	6	0
Hamartoma A focal malformation resembling a neoplasm, composed of an overgrowth of mature cells and tissues that normally occur in the affected area.	0	3.63	3	0
Mouth Diseases Diseases involving the MOUTH.	0	2.05	1	0
Benign Frontal Childhood Epilepsy [description not available]	0	2.04	1	0
Autoimmune Thyroiditis [description not available]	0	2.04	1	0
Alcohol Abuse, Nervous System [description not available]	0	4.89	13	0
Bone Loss, Osteoclastic [description not available]	0	4.55	9	0
Genetic Diseases [description not available]	0	4.18	6	0
Genetic Diseases, Inborn Diseases that are caused by genetic mutations present during embryo or fetal development, although they may be observed later in life. The mutations may be inherited from a parent's genome or they may be acquired in utero.	0	4.18	6	0
Conus Medullaris Syndrome [description not available]	0	3.11	5	0
Inhalation Injury, Smoke [description not available]	0	2.05	1	0
Hemiplegia, Crossed [description not available]	0	3.51	8	0
Ataxias, Hereditary [description not available]	0	5.91	9	1
Hemiplegia Severe or complete loss of motor function on one side of the body. This condition is usually caused by BRAIN DISEASES that are localized to the cerebral hemisphere opposite to the side of weakness. Less frequently, BRAIN STEM lesions; cervical SPINAL CORD DISEASES; PERIPHERAL NERVOUS SYSTEM DISEASES; and other conditions may manifest as hemiplegia. The term hemiparesis (see PARESIS) refers to mild to moderate weakness involving one side of the body.	0	3.51	8	0
Bilirubinemia [description not available]	0	3.37	2	0
Fatty Liver with Encephalopathy [description not available]	0	2.05	1	0
Diseases of Immune System [description not available]	0	5.71	5	0
Immune System Diseases Disorders caused by abnormal or absent immunologic mechanisms, whether humoral, cell-mediated, or both.	0	5.71	5	0
Adult Periodontitis [description not available]	0	2.04	1	0
Delirium of Mixed Origin [description not available]	0	3.34	2	0
Delirium A disorder characterized by CONFUSION; inattentiveness; disorientation; ILLUSIONS; HALLUCINATIONS; agitation; and in some instances autonomic nervous system overactivity. It may result from toxic/metabolic conditions or structural brain lesions. (From Adams et al., Principles of Neurology, 6th ed, pp411-2)	0	3.34	2	0
Adolescent Myoclonic Epilepsy [description not available]	0	2.45	2	0
Bacterial Pneumonia [description not available]	0	2.05	1	0
Pneumonia, Bacterial Inflammation of the lung parenchyma that is caused by bacterial infections.	0	2.05	1	0
Endotoxemia A condition characterized by the presence of ENDOTOXINS in the blood. On lysis, the outer cell wall of gram-negative bacteria enters the systemic circulation and initiates a pathophysiologic cascade of pro-inflammatory mediators.	0	5.57	9	0
Hospital-Acquired Condition [description not available]	0	3.83	2	1
Conjugate Nystagmus [description not available]	0	2.72	3	0
Deficiency, Yin [description not available]	0	2.04	1	0
Infections, Lentivirus [description not available]	0	2.41	2	0
Chromosomal Triplication [description not available]	0	3.61	9	0
Granulocytic Leukemia, Chronic [description not available]	0	2.76	3	0
Leukemia, Myelogenous, Chronic, BCR-ABL Positive Clonal hematopoetic disorder caused by an acquired genetic defect in PLURIPOTENT STEM CELLS. It starts in MYELOID CELLS of the bone marrow, invades the blood and then other organs. The condition progresses from a stable, more indolent, chronic phase (LEUKEMIA, MYELOID, CHRONIC PHASE) lasting up to 7 years, to an advanced phase composed of an accelerated phase (LEUKEMIA, MYELOID, ACCELERATED PHASE) and BLAST CRISIS.	0	2.76	3	0
Gastritis Inflammation of the GASTRIC MUCOSA, a lesion observed in a number of unrelated disorders.	0	3.84	2	0
Near Drowning Non-fatal immersion or submersion in water. The subject is resuscitable.	0	2.05	1	0
Facial Pain, Referred [description not available]	0	4.13	3	1
Muscular Weakness [description not available]	0	4.44	8	0
Muscle Disorders [description not available]	0	6	15	2
Muscular Diseases Acquired, familial, and congenital disorders of SKELETAL MUSCLE and SMOOTH MUSCLE.	0	11	15	2
Muscle Weakness A vague complaint of debility, fatigue, or exhaustion attributable to weakness of various muscles. The weakness can be characterized as subacute or chronic, often progressive, and is a manifestation of many muscle and neuromuscular diseases. (From Wyngaarden et al., Cecil Textbook of Medicine, 19th ed, p2251)	0	4.44	8	0
Eulenburg Disease [description not available]	0	2.05	1	0
Myotonic Disorders Diseases characterized by MYOTONIA, which may be inherited or acquired. Myotonia may be restricted to certain muscles (e.g., intrinsic hand muscles) or occur as a generalized condition.	0	2.05	1	0
ACA Infarct [description not available]	0	2.05	1	0
Emesis [description not available]	0	4.8	13	0
Vomiting The forcible expulsion of the contents of the STOMACH through the MOUTH.	0	4.8	13	0
Dilatation, Pathologic The condition of an anatomical structure's being dilated beyond normal dimensions.	0	2.05	1	0
Mitral Incompetence [description not available]	0	2.05	1	0
Mitral Valve Insufficiency Backflow of blood from the LEFT VENTRICLE into the LEFT ATRIUM due to imperfect closure of the MITRAL VALVE. This can lead to mitral valve regurgitation.	0	2.05	1	0
Encephalomyelitis, Inflammatory [description not available]	0	2.05	1	0
Alpha Virus Infections [description not available]	0	2.44	2	0
Encephalomyelitis A general term indicating inflammation of the BRAIN and SPINAL CORD, often used to indicate an infectious process, but also applicable to a variety of autoimmune and toxic-metabolic conditions. There is significant overlap regarding the usage of this term and ENCEPHALITIS in the literature.	0	2.05	1	0
ACY2 Deficiency [description not available]	0	6.58	11	1
Canavan Disease A rare neurodegenerative condition of infancy or childhood characterized by white matter vacuolization and demeylination that gives rise to a spongy appearance. Aspartoacylase deficiency leads to an accumulation of N-acetylaspartate in astrocytes. Inheritance may be autosomal recessive or the illness may occur sporadically. This illness occurs more frequently in individuals of Ashkenazic Jewish descent. The neonatal form features the onset of hypotonia and lethargy at birth, rapidly progressing to coma and death. The infantile form features developmental delay, DYSKINESIAS, hypotonia, spasticity, blindness, and megalencephaly. The juvenile form is characterized by ATAXIA; OPTIC ATROPHY; and DEMENTIA. (From Adams et al., Principles of Neurology, 6th ed, p944; Am J Med Genet 1988 Feb;29(2):463-71)	0	6.58	11	1
Leukemia, Lymphocytic, T Cell [description not available]	0	2.05	1	0
Leukemia, T-Cell A malignant disease of the T-LYMPHOCYTES in the bone marrow, thymus, and/or blood.	0	2.05	1	0
Benign Cerebellar Neoplasms [description not available]	0	3.33	2	0
Adamantiades-Behcet Disease [description not available]	0	2.05	1	0
Aphthae [description not available]	0	2.05	1	0
Behcet Syndrome Rare chronic inflammatory disease involving the small blood vessels. It is of unknown etiology and characterized by mucocutaneous ulceration in the mouth and genital region and uveitis with hypopyon. The neuro-ocular form may cause blindness and death. SYNOVITIS; THROMBOPHLEBITIS; gastrointestinal ulcerations; RETINAL VASCULITIS; and OPTIC ATROPHY may occur as well.	0	2.05	1	0
Stomatitis, Aphthous A recurrent disease of the oral mucosa of unknown etiology. It is characterized by small white ulcerative lesions, single or multiple, round or oval. Two to eight crops of lesions occur per year, lasting for 7 to 14 days and then heal without scarring. (From Jablonski's Dictionary of Dentistry, 1992, p742)	0	2.05	1	0
Baltic Myoclonic Epilepsy [description not available]	0	2.05	1	0
Unverricht-Lundborg Syndrome An autosomal recessive condition characterized by recurrent myoclonic and generalized seizures, ATAXIA, slowly progressive intellectual deterioration, DYSARTHRIA, and intention tremor. Myoclonic seizures are severe and continuous, and tend to be triggered by movement, stress, and sensory stimuli. The age of onset is between 8 and 13 years, and the condition is relatively frequent in the Baltic region, especially Finland. (From Menkes, Textbook of Child Neurology, 5th ed, pp109-110)	0	2.05	1	0
Adenoma, beta-Cell [description not available]	0	3.12	5	0
Insulinoma A benign tumor of the PANCREATIC BETA CELLS. Insulinoma secretes excess INSULIN resulting in HYPOGLYCEMIA.	0	3.12	5	0
Eardrum Perforation [description not available]	0	2.05	1	0
Tympanic Membrane Perforation A temporary or persistent opening in the eardrum (TYMPANIC MEMBRANE). Clinical signs depend on the size, location, and associated pathological condition.	0	2.05	1	0
Gastric Diseases [description not available]	0	2.37	2	0
Apnea, Sleep [description not available]	0	4.04	5	0
Sleep Apnea Syndromes Disorders characterized by multiple cessations of respirations during sleep that induce partial arousals and interfere with the maintenance of sleep. Sleep apnea syndromes are divided into central (see SLEEP APNEA, CENTRAL), obstructive (see SLEEP APNEA, OBSTRUCTIVE), and mixed central-obstructive types.	0	4.04	5	0
Cruveilhier-Baumgarten Syndrome Liver cirrhosis with intrahepatic portal obstruction, HYPERTENSION, and patent UMBILICAL VEINS.	0	2.42	2	0
Hypertension, Portal Abnormal increase of resistance to blood flow within the hepatic PORTAL SYSTEM, frequently seen in LIVER CIRRHOSIS and conditions with obstruction of the PORTAL VEIN.	0	2.42	2	0
Closed Head Injuries [description not available]	0	3.64	9	0
Light Sensitivity [description not available]	0	2.43	2	0
Auditory Cortex Disorder [description not available]	0	3.36	2	0
Deficiency Disease, Ornithine Carbamoyltransferase [description not available]	0	3.61	3	0
Ornithine Carbamoyltransferase Deficiency Disease An inherited urea cycle disorder associated with deficiency of the enzyme ORNITHINE CARBAMOYLTRANSFERASE, transmitted as an X-linked trait and featuring elevations of amino acids and ammonia in the serum. Clinical features, which are more prominent in males, include seizures, behavioral alterations, episodic vomiting, lethargy, and coma. (Menkes, Textbook of Child Neurology, 5th ed, pp49-50)	0	3.61	3	0
Kidney Diseases Pathological processes of the KIDNEY or its component tissues.	0	4.51	9	0
Caries, Cervical [description not available]	0	3.43	1	1
Dental Plaque A film that attaches to teeth, often causing DENTAL CARIES and GINGIVITIS. It is composed of MUCINS, secreted from salivary glands, and microorganisms.	0	4.13	3	1
Addison's Anemia [description not available]	0	2.86	4	0
Congenital Stiff-Man Syndrome [description not available]	0	2.75	3	0
Gastritis, Atrophic GASTRITIS with atrophy of the GASTRIC MUCOSA, the GASTRIC PARIETAL CELLS, and the mucosal glands leading to ACHLORHYDRIA. Atrophic gastritis usually progresses from chronic gastritis.	0	2.05	1	0
Vitiligo A disorder consisting of areas of macular depigmentation, commonly on extensor aspects of extremities, on the face or neck, and in skin folds. Age of onset is often in young adulthood and the condition tends to progress gradually with lesions enlarging and extending until a quiescent state is reached.	0	2.05	1	0
Stiff-Person Syndrome A condition characterized by persistent spasms (SPASM) involving multiple muscles, primarily in the lower limbs and trunk. The illness tends to occur in the fourth to sixth decade of life, presenting with intermittent spasms that become continuous. Minor sensory stimuli, such as noise and light touch, precipitate severe spasms. Spasms do not occur during sleep and only rarely involve cranial muscles. Respiration may become impaired in advanced cases. (Adams et al., Principles of Neurology, 6th ed, p1492; Neurology 1998 Jul;51(1):85-93)	0	2.75	3	0
Chorea Disorders [description not available]	0	2.66	3	0
Ophthalmoplegia, Progressive Supranuclear [description not available]	0	2.05	1	0
Chorea Involuntary, forcible, rapid, jerky movements that may be subtle or become confluent, markedly altering normal patterns of movement. Hypotonia and pendular reflexes are often associated. Conditions which feature recurrent or persistent episodes of chorea as a primary manifestation of disease are referred to as CHOREATIC DISORDERS. Chorea is also a frequent manifestation of BASAL GANGLIA DISEASES.	0	7.66	3	0
Supranuclear Palsy, Progressive A degenerative disease of the central nervous system characterized by balance difficulties; OCULAR MOTILITY DISORDERS (supranuclear ophthalmoplegia); DYSARTHRIA; swallowing difficulties; and axial DYSTONIA. Onset is usually in the fifth decade and disease progression occurs over several years. Pathologic findings include neurofibrillary degeneration and neuronal loss in the dorsal MESENCEPHALON; SUBTHALAMIC NUCLEUS; RED NUCLEUS; pallidum; dentate nucleus; and vestibular nuclei. (From Adams et al., Principles of Neurology, 6th ed, pp1076-7)	0	2.05	1	0
Cranial Nerve X Diseases [description not available]	0	2.05	1	0
Chronic Hepatitis C [description not available]	0	5.02	3	1
Hepatitis C, Chronic INFLAMMATION of the LIVER in humans that is caused by HEPATITIS C VIRUS lasting six months or more. Chronic hepatitis C can lead to LIVER CIRRHOSIS.	0	5.02	3	1
Biological Clock Disturbances [description not available]	0	2.72	3	0
HbS Disease [description not available]	0	6.96	9	1
Anemia, Sickle Cell A disease characterized by chronic hemolytic anemia, episodic painful crises, and pathologic involvement of many organs. It is the clinical expression of homozygosity for hemoglobin S.	0	6.96	9	1
Hansen Disease [description not available]	0	2.46	2	0
Leprosy A chronic granulomatous infection caused by MYCOBACTERIUM LEPRAE. The granulomatous lesions are manifested in the skin, the mucous membranes, and the peripheral nerves. Two polar or principal types are lepromatous and tuberculoid.	0	2.46	2	0
Polychondritis, Chronic Atrophic [description not available]	0	2.05	1	0
Polychondritis, Relapsing An acquired disease of unknown etiology, chronic course, and tendency to recur. It is characterized by inflammation and degeneration of cartilage and can result in deformities such as floppy ear and saddle nose. Loss of cartilage in the respiratory tract can lead to respiratory obstruction.	0	2.05	1	0
Brill-Symmers Disease [description not available]	0	3.43	1	1
Diffuse Large B-Cell Lymphoma [description not available]	0	4.11	3	1
Lymphoma, Follicular Malignant lymphoma in which the lymphomatous cells are clustered into identifiable nodules within the LYMPH NODES. The nodules resemble to some extent the GERMINAL CENTER of lymph node follicles and most likely represent neoplastic proliferation of lymph node-derived follicular center B-LYMPHOCYTES.	0	3.43	1	1
Lymphoma, Large B-Cell, Diffuse Malignant lymphoma composed of large B lymphoid cells whose nuclear size can exceed normal macrophage nuclei, or more than twice the size of a normal lymphocyte. The pattern is predominantly diffuse. Most of these lymphomas represent the malignant counterpart of B-lymphocytes at midstage in the process of differentiation.	0	4.11	3	1
Nevi, Melanocytic [description not available]	0	2.05	1	0
Nevus, Pigmented A nevus containing melanin. The term is usually restricted to nevocytic nevi (round or oval collections of melanin-containing nevus cells occurring at the dermoepidermal junction of the skin or in the dermis proper) or moles, but may be applied to other pigmented nevi.	0	2.05	1	0
Direct Hyperbilirubinemia, Neonatal [description not available]	0	3.88	4	0
Bilirubin Encephalopathy [description not available]	0	3.82	4	0
Kernicterus A term used pathologically to describe BILIRUBIN staining of the BASAL GANGLIA; BRAIN STEM; and CEREBELLUM and clinically to describe a syndrome associated with HYPERBILIRUBINEMIA. Clinical features include athetosis, MUSCLE SPASTICITY or hypotonia, impaired vertical gaze, and DEAFNESS. Nonconjugated bilirubin enters the brain and acts as a neurotoxin, often in association with conditions that impair the BLOOD-BRAIN BARRIER (e.g., SEPSIS). This condition occurs primarily in neonates (INFANT, NEWBORN), but may rarely occur in adults. (Menkes, Textbook of Child Neurology, 5th ed, p613)	0	3.82	4	0
Joint Pain [description not available]	0	2.97	1	0
Injuries, Whiplash [description not available]	0	3.37	2	0
Arthralgia Pain in the joint.	0	2.97	1	0
Diseases in Twins Disorders affecting TWINS, one or both, at any age.	0	3.33	2	0
Congenital Adrenal Hyperplasia [description not available]	0	2.42	2	0
Adrenal Hyperplasia, Congenital A group of inherited disorders of the ADRENAL GLANDS, caused by enzyme defects in the synthesis of cortisol (HYDROCORTISONE) and/or ALDOSTERONE leading to accumulation of precursors for ANDROGENS. Depending on the hormone imbalance, congenital adrenal hyperplasia can be classified as salt-wasting, hypertensive, virilizing, or feminizing. Defects in STEROID 21-HYDROXYLASE; STEROID 11-BETA-HYDROXYLASE; STEROID 17-ALPHA-HYDROXYLASE; 3-beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase (3-HYDROXYSTEROID DEHYDROGENASES); TESTOSTERONE 5-ALPHA-REDUCTASE; or steroidogenic acute regulatory protein; among others, underlie these disorders.	0	2.42	2	0
Bewilderment [description not available]	0	5.65	2	1
Aortic Diseases Pathological processes involving any part of the AORTA.	0	4.36	1	1
Food Poisoning, Salmonella [description not available]	0	2.05	1	0
Salmonella Food Poisoning Poisoning caused by ingestion of food harboring species of SALMONELLA. Conditions of raising, shipping, slaughtering, and marketing of domestic animals contribute to the spread of this bacterium in the food supply.	0	2.05	1	0
Hypoventilation A reduction in the amount of air entering the pulmonary alveoli.	0	2.44	2	0
Facies The appearance of the face that is often characteristic of a disease or pathological condition, as the elfin facies of WILLIAMS SYNDROME or the mongoloid facies of DOWN SYNDROME. (Random House Unabridged Dictionary, 2d ed)	0	2.05	1	0
Costello Syndrome Rare congenital disorder with multiple anomalies including: characteristic dysmorphic craniofacial features, musculoskeletal abnormalities, neurocognitive delay, and high prevalence of cancer. Germline mutations in H-Ras protein can cause Costello syndrome. Costello syndrome shows early phenotypic overlap with other disorders that involve MAP KINASE SIGNALING SYSTEM (e.g., NOONAN SYNDROME and cardiofaciocutaneous syndrome).	0	2.05	1	0
Amaurosis, Leber Congenital [description not available]	0	2.05	1	0
Leber Congenital Amaurosis A rare degenerative inherited eye disease that appears at birth or in the first few months of life that results in a loss of vision. Not to be confused with LEBER HEREDITARY OPTIC NEUROPATHY, the disease is thought to be caused by abnormal development of PHOTORECEPTOR CELLS in the RETINA, or by the extremely premature degeneration of retinal cells.	0	2.05	1	0
Afferent Pupillary Defect [description not available]	0	2.05	1	0
Bruise [description not available]	0	3.11	5	0
Contusions Injuries resulting in hemorrhage, usually manifested in the skin.	0	3.11	5	0
Hypermyotonia [description not available]	0	2.45	2	0
Cardiac Diseases [description not available]	0	3.22	6	0
Heart Diseases Pathological conditions involving the HEART including its structural and functional abnormalities.	0	3.22	6	0
Niemann-Pick Disease [description not available]	0	2.05	1	0
Niemann-Pick Diseases A group of autosomal recessive disorders in which harmful quantities of lipids accumulate in the viscera and the central nervous system. They can be caused by deficiencies of enzyme activities (SPHINGOMYELIN PHOSPHODIESTERASE) or defects in intracellular transport, resulting in the accumulation of SPHINGOMYELINS and CHOLESTEROL. There are various subtypes based on their clinical and genetic differences.	0	2.05	1	0
Dancing Eyes-Dancing Feet Syndrome [description not available]	0	2.05	1	0
Opsoclonus-Myoclonus Syndrome A neurological condition that is characterized by uncontrolled rapid irregular movements of the eye (OPSOCLONUS) and the muscle (MYOCLONUS) causing unsteady, trembling gait. It is also known as dancing eyes-dancing feet syndrome and is often associated with neoplasms, viral infections, or autoimmune disorders involving the nervous system.	0	2.05	1	0
Blood Diseases [description not available]	0	2.33	2	0
Hematologic Diseases Disorders of the blood and blood forming tissues.	0	2.33	2	0
Hepatitis, Infectious [description not available]	0	3.32	7	0
Hepatitis A INFLAMMATION of the LIVER in humans caused by a member of the HEPATOVIRUS genus, HUMAN HEPATITIS A VIRUS. It can be transmitted through fecal contamination of food or water.	0	3.32	7	0
Anemia A reduction in the number of circulating ERYTHROCYTES or in the quantity of HEMOGLOBIN.	0	3.81	12	0
Minimally Conscious State [description not available]	0	2.44	2	0
Disease, Pulmonary [description not available]	0	3.28	6	0
Beryllium Disease Disease resulting from exposure to beryllium. Entry into the body is not limited to the inhalation route.	0	3.88	12	0
Berylliosis A form of pneumoconiosis caused by inhaled rare metal BERYLLIUM or its soluble salts which are used in a wide variety of industry including alloys, ceramics, radiographic equipment, and vacuum tubes. Berylliosis is characterized by an acute inflammatory reaction in the upper airway leading to BRONCHIOLITIS; PULMONARY EDEMA; and pneumonia.	0	3.88	12	0
Lung Diseases Pathological processes involving any part of the LUNG.	0	3.28	6	0
Microcephaly A congenital abnormality in which the CEREBRUM is underdeveloped, the fontanels close prematurely, and, as a result, the head is small. (Desk Reference for Neuroscience, 2nd ed.)	0	2.44	2	0
Cardiovirus Infections Infections caused by viruses of the genus CARDIOVIRUS, family PICORNAVIRIDAE.	0	2.05	1	0
Basedow Disease [description not available]	0	2.45	2	0
Graves Disease A common form of hyperthyroidism with a diffuse hyperplastic GOITER. It is an autoimmune disorder that produces antibodies against the THYROID STIMULATING HORMONE RECEPTOR. These autoantibodies activate the TSH receptor, thereby stimulating the THYROID GLAND and hypersecretion of THYROID HORMONES. These autoantibodies can also affect the eyes (GRAVES OPHTHALMOPATHY) and the skin (Graves dermopathy).	0	2.45	2	0
Graft-Versus-Host Disease [description not available]	0	2.05	1	0
Infections, Respiratory [description not available]	0	2.43	2	0
Immune Reconstitution Disease [description not available]	0	2.05	1	0
Graft vs Host Disease The clinical entity characterized by anorexia, diarrhea, loss of hair, leukopenia, thrombocytopenia, growth retardation, and eventual death brought about by the GRAFT VS HOST REACTION.	0	2.05	1	0
Respiratory Tract Infections Invasion of the host RESPIRATORY SYSTEM by microorganisms, usually leading to pathological processes or diseases.	0	2.43	2	0
Heatstroke [description not available]	0	4.95	14	0
Heat Stroke A condition caused by the failure of body to dissipate heat in an excessively hot environment or during PHYSICAL EXERTION in a hot environment. Contrast to HEAT EXHAUSTION, the body temperature in heat stroke patient is dangerously high with red, hot skin accompanied by DELUSIONS; CONVULSIONS; or COMA. It can be a life-threatening emergency and is most common in infants and the elderly.	0	4.95	14	0
Cystine Diathesis [description not available]	0	2.69	3	0
Cystinosis A metabolic disease characterized by the defective transport of CYSTINE across the lysosomal membrane due to mutation of a membrane protein cystinosin. This results in cystine accumulation and crystallization in the cells causing widespread tissue damage. In the KIDNEY, nephropathic cystinosis is a common cause of RENAL FANCONI SYNDROME.	0	2.69	3	0
Morbid Obesity [description not available]	0	6.87	8	1
Obesity, Morbid The condition of weighing two, three, or more times the ideal weight, so called because it is associated with many serious and life-threatening disorders. In the BODY MASS INDEX, morbid obesity is defined as having a BMI greater than 40.0 kg/m2.	0	6.87	8	1
Infant Malnutrition Malnutrition, occurring in infants ages 1 month to 24 months, which is due to insufficient intake of food, dietary nutrients, or a pathophysiologic condition which prevents the absorption and utilization of food. Growth and development are markedly affected.	0	2.05	1	0
Nerve Root Avulsion [description not available]	0	2.95	4	0
Radiculopathy Disease involving a spinal nerve root (see SPINAL NERVE ROOTS) which may result from compression related to INTERVERTEBRAL DISK DISPLACEMENT; SPINAL CORD INJURIES; SPINAL DISEASES; and other conditions. Clinical manifestations include radicular pain, weakness, and sensory loss referable to structures innervated by the involved nerve root.	0	2.95	4	0
Microsatellite Instability The occurrence of highly polymorphic mono- and dinucleotide MICROSATELLITE REPEATS in somatic cells. It is a form of genome instability associated with defects in DNA MISMATCH REPAIR.	0	2.46	2	0
Rachitis [description not available]	0	2.05	1	0
Pterygium An abnormal triangular fold of membrane in the interpalpebral fissure, extending from the conjunctiva to the cornea, being immovably united to the cornea at its apex, firmly attached to the sclera throughout its middle portion, and merged with the conjunctiva at its base. (Dorland, 27th ed)	0	2.05	1	0
Arthropathies [description not available]	0	2.43	2	0
Joint Diseases Diseases involving the JOINTS.	0	2.43	2	0
Sex Disorders [description not available]	0	2.05	1	0
Sexual Dysfunction, Physiological Physiological disturbances in normal sexual performance in either the male or the female.	0	2.05	1	0
Breast Diseases Pathological processes of the BREAST.	0	2.05	1	0
Ataxia of Gait [description not available]	0	2.72	3	0
Friedreich Disease [description not available]	0	2.67	3	0
Brown Tendon Sheath Syndrome [description not available]	0	2.05	1	0
Friedreich Ataxia An autosomal recessive disease, usually of childhood onset, characterized pathologically by degeneration of the spinocerebellar tracts, posterior columns, and to a lesser extent the corticospinal tracts. Clinical manifestations include GAIT ATAXIA, pes cavus, speech impairment, lateral curvature of spine, rhythmic head tremor, kyphoscoliosis, congestive heart failure (secondary to a cardiomyopathy), and lower extremity weakness. Most forms of this condition are associated with a mutation in a gene on chromosome 9, at band q13, which codes for the mitochondrial protein frataxin. (From Adams et al., Principles of Neurology, 6th ed, p1081; N Engl J Med 1996 Oct 17;335(16):1169-75) The severity of Friedreich ataxia associated with expansion of GAA repeats in the first intron of the frataxin gene correlates with the number of trinucleotide repeats. (From Durr et al, N Engl J Med 1996 Oct 17;335(16):1169-75)	0	2.67	3	0
Acute Chest Syndrome Respiratory syndrome characterized by the appearance of a new pulmonary infiltrate on chest x-ray, accompanied by symptoms of fever, cough, chest pain, tachypnea, or DYSPNEA, often seen in patients with SICKLE CELL ANEMIA. Multiple factors (e.g., infection, and pulmonary FAT EMBOLISM) may contribute to the development of the syndrome.	0	3.44	1	1
Secondary Hyperparathyroidism [description not available]	0	2.05	1	0
Hyperparathyroidism, Secondary Abnormally elevated PARATHYROID HORMONE secretion as a response to HYPOCALCEMIA. It is caused by chronic KIDNEY FAILURE or other abnormalities in the controls of bone and mineral metabolism, leading to various BONE DISEASES, such as RENAL OSTEODYSTROPHY.	0	2.05	1	0
Hypophosphatasia A genetic metabolic disorder resulting from serum and bone alkaline phosphatase deficiency leading to hypercalcemia, ethanolamine phosphatemia, and ethanolamine phosphaturia. Clinical manifestations include severe skeletal defects resembling vitamin D-resistant rickets, failure of the calvarium to calcify, dyspnea, cyanosis, vomiting, constipation, renal calcinosis, failure to thrive, disorders of movement, beading of the costochondral junction, and rachitic bone changes. (From Dorland, 27th ed)	0	2.43	2	0
Channelopathies A variety of neuromuscular conditions resulting from MUTATIONS in ION CHANNELS manifesting as episodes of EPILEPSY; HEADACHE DISORDERS; and DYSKINESIAS.	0	2.05	1	0
Low Back Ache [description not available]	0	10.71	18	0
Low Back Pain Acute or chronic pain in the lumbar or sacral regions, which may be associated with musculo-ligamentous SPRAINS AND STRAINS; INTERVERTEBRAL DISK DISPLACEMENT; and other conditions.	0	10.71	18	0
Barrett Epithelium [description not available]	0	2.05	1	0
Cancer of Esophagus [description not available]	0	2.05	1	0
Barrett Esophagus A condition with damage to the lining of the lower ESOPHAGUS resulting from chronic acid reflux (ESOPHAGITIS, REFLUX). Through the process of metaplasia, the squamous cells are replaced by a columnar epithelium with cells resembling those of the INTESTINE or the salmon-pink mucosa of the STOMACH. Barrett's columnar epithelium is a marker for severe reflux and precursor to ADENOCARCINOMA of the esophagus.	0	2.05	1	0
Esophageal Neoplasms Tumors or cancer of the ESOPHAGUS.	0	2.05	1	0
Gargoylism, Hunter Syndrome [description not available]	0	2.05	1	0
Mucopolysaccharidosis II Systemic lysosomal storage disease marked by progressive physical deterioration and caused by a deficiency of L-sulfoiduronate sulfatase. This disease differs from MUCOPOLYSACCHARIDOSIS I by slower progression, lack of corneal clouding, and X-linked rather than autosomal recessive inheritance. The mild form produces near-normal intelligence and life span. The severe form usually causes death by age 15.	0	2.05	1	0
Tooth Diseases Diseases involving the TEETH.	0	2.06	1	0
Bilateral Wilms Tumor [description not available]	0	3.44	1	1
Dysesthesia [description not available]	0	4.35	2	2
Wilms Tumor A malignant kidney tumor, caused by the uncontrolled multiplication of renal stem (blastemal), stromal (STROMAL CELLS), and epithelial (EPITHELIAL CELLS) elements. However, not all three are present in every case. Several genes or chromosomal areas have been associated with Wilms tumor which is usually found in childhood as a firm lump in a child's side or ABDOMEN.	0	3.44	1	1
AIDS, Simian [description not available]	0	3.25	6	0
Clostridioides difficile Infection [description not available]	0	2.05	1	0
Clostridium Infections Infections with bacteria of the genus CLOSTRIDIUM and closely related CLOSTRIDIOIDES species.	0	2.05	1	0
Potassium Deficiency A condition due to decreased dietary intake of potassium, as in starvation or failure to administer in intravenous solutions, or to gastrointestinal loss in diarrhea, chronic laxative abuse, vomiting, gastric suction, or bowel diversion. Severe potassium deficiency may produce muscular weakness and lead to paralysis and respiratory failure. Muscular malfunction may result in hypoventilation, paralytic ileus, hypotension, muscle twitches, tetany, and rhabomyolysis. Nephropathy from potassium deficit impairs the concentrating mechanism, producing POLYURIA and decreased maximal urinary concentrating ability with secondary POLYDIPSIA. (Merck Manual, 16th ed)	0	3.07	5	0
French Type Sialuria [description not available]	0	2.46	2	0
Ageusia Complete or severe loss of the subjective sense of taste, frequently accompanied by OLFACTION DISORDERS.	0	2.05	1	0
Asialia [description not available]	0	2.05	1	0
Xerostomia Decreased salivary flow.	0	2.05	1	0
Linear Skull Fracture [description not available]	0	2.47	2	0
Herpes Simplex Keratitis [description not available]	0	2.06	1	0
Keratitis, Herpetic A superficial, epithelial Herpesvirus hominis infection of the cornea, characterized by the presence of small vesicles which may break down and coalesce to form dendritic ulcers (KERATITIS, DENDRITIC). (Dictionary of Visual Science, 3d ed)	0	2.06	1	0
Dental Deposit [description not available]	0	5.19	6	2
Cleft Palate, Isolated [description not available]	0	2.44	2	0
Exomphalos [description not available]	0	2.05	1	0
Cleft Palate Congenital fissure of the soft and/or hard palate, due to faulty fusion.	0	2.44	2	0
Hernia, Umbilical A HERNIA due to an imperfect closure or weakness of the umbilical ring. It appears as a skin-covered protrusion at the UMBILICUS during crying, coughing, or straining. The hernia generally consists of OMENTUM or SMALL INTESTINE. The vast majority of umbilical hernias are congenital but can be acquired due to severe abdominal distention.	0	2.05	1	0
Deficiency, Vitamin A [description not available]	0	2.06	1	0
Vitamin A Deficiency A nutritional condition produced by a deficiency of VITAMIN A in the diet, characterized by NIGHT BLINDNESS and other ocular manifestations such as dryness of the conjunctiva and later of the cornea (XEROPHTHALMIA). Vitamin A deficiency is a very common problem worldwide, particularly in developing countries as a consequence of famine or shortages of vitamin A-rich foods. In the United States it is found among the urban poor, the elderly, alcoholics, and patients with malabsorption. (From Cecil Textbook of Medicine, 19th ed, p1179)	0	2.06	1	0
Cumulative Trauma Disorders Harmful and painful condition caused by overuse or overexertion of some part of the musculoskeletal system, often resulting from work-related physical activities. It is characterized by inflammation, pain, or dysfunction of the involved joints, bones, ligaments, and nerves.	0	3.84	2	1
Carcinoma, Ehrlich Tumor A transplantable, poorly differentiated malignant tumor which appeared originally as a spontaneous breast carcinoma in a mouse. It grows in both solid and ascitic forms.	0	3.57	9	0
Adenolymphoma A benign tumor characterized histologically by tall columnar epithelium within a lymphoid tissue stroma. It is usually found in the salivary glands, especially the parotid.	0	2.06	1	0
Adenoma, Pleomorphic A benign, slow-growing tumor, most commonly of the salivary gland, occurring as a small, painless, firm nodule, usually of the parotid gland, but also found in any major or accessory salivary gland anywhere in the oral cavity. It is most often seen in women in the fifth decade. Histologically, the tumor presents a variety of cells: cuboidal, columnar, and squamous cells, showing all forms of epithelial growth. (Dorland, 27th ed)	0	2.06	1	0
Cancer of Parotid [description not available]	0	2.06	1	0
Parotid Neoplasms Tumors or cancer of the PAROTID GLAND.	0	2.06	1	0
Claustrophobia [description not available]	0	4.75	2	0
Phobic Disorders Anxiety disorders in which the essential feature is persistent and irrational fear of a specific object, activity, or situation that the individual feels compelled to avoid. The individual recognizes the fear as excessive or unreasonable.	0	4.75	2	0
Hyperparathyroidism A condition of abnormally elevated output of PARATHYROID HORMONE (or PTH) triggering responses that increase blood CALCIUM. It is characterized by HYPERCALCEMIA and BONE RESORPTION, eventually leading to bone diseases. PRIMARY HYPERPARATHYROIDISM is caused by parathyroid HYPERPLASIA or PARATHYROID NEOPLASMS. SECONDARY HYPERPARATHYROIDISM is increased PTH secretion in response to HYPOCALCEMIA, usually caused by chronic KIDNEY DISEASES.	0	2.43	2	0
Deep Bite [description not available]	0	2.06	1	0
Calculus, Dental [description not available]	0	3.83	2	1
Forestier-Certonciny Syndrome [description not available]	0	3.45	1	1
Polymyalgia Rheumatica A syndrome in the elderly characterized by proximal joint and muscle pain, high erythrocyte sedimentation rate, and a self-limiting course. Pain is usually accompanied by evidence of an inflammatory reaction. Women are affected twice as commonly as men and Caucasians more frequently than other groups. The condition is frequently associated with GIANT CELL ARTERITIS and some theories pose the possibility that the two diseases arise from a single etiology or even that they are the same entity.	0	3.45	1	1
Leanness [description not available]	0	6.35	9	0
Bulimia Nervosa An eating disorder that is characterized by a cycle of binge eating (BULIMIA or bingeing) followed by inappropriate acts (purging) to avert weight gain. Purging methods often include self-induced VOMITING, use of LAXATIVES or DIURETICS, excessive exercise, and FASTING.	0	2.98	1	0
Binge-Eating Disorder A disorder associated with three or more of the following: eating until feeling uncomfortably full; eating large amounts of food when not physically hungry; eating much more rapidly than normal; eating alone due to embarrassment; feeling of disgust, DEPRESSION, or guilt after overeating. Criteria includes occurrence on average, at least 2 days a week for 6 months. The binge eating is not associated with the regular use of inappropriate compensatory behavior (i.e. purging, excessive exercise, etc.) and does not co-occur exclusively with BULIMIA NERVOSA or ANOREXIA NERVOSA. (From DSM-IV, 1994)	0	2.98	1	0
Adult Onset Nemaline Myopathy [description not available]	0	2.73	3	0
Myopathies, Nemaline A group of inherited congenital myopathic conditions characterized clinically by weakness, hypotonia, and prominent hypoplasia of proximal muscles including the face. Muscle biopsy reveals large numbers of rod-shaped structures beneath the muscle fiber plasma membrane. This disorder is genetically heterogeneous and may occasionally present in adults. (Adams et al., Principles of Neurology, 6th ed, p1453)	0	2.73	3	0
Hematologic Malignancies [description not available]	0	2.06	1	0
Hematologic Neoplasms Neoplasms located in the blood and blood-forming tissue (the bone marrow and lymphatic tissue). The commonest forms are the various types of LEUKEMIA, of LYMPHOMA, and of the progressive, life-threatening forms of the MYELODYSPLASTIC SYNDROMES.	0	2.06	1	0
Prosthesis Durability [description not available]	0	2.06	1	0
Teratocarcinoma A malignant neoplasm consisting of elements of teratoma with those of embryonal carcinoma or choriocarcinoma, or both. It occurs most often in the testis. (Dorland, 27th ed)	0	3.26	6	0
Leukemia, Acute Monocytic [description not available]	0	2.06	1	0
Leukemia, Monocytic, Acute An acute myeloid leukemia in which 80% or more of the leukemic cells are of monocytic lineage including monoblasts, promonocytes, and MONOCYTES.	0	2.06	1	0
Atrophy, Muscular, Peroneal [description not available]	0	3.12	5	0
Foot Deformities Alterations or deviations from normal shape or size which result in a disfigurement of the foot.	0	2.06	1	0
Charcot-Marie-Tooth Disease A hereditary motor and sensory neuropathy transmitted most often as an autosomal dominant trait and characterized by progressive distal wasting and loss of reflexes in the muscles of the legs (and occasionally involving the arms). Onset is usually in the second to fourth decade of life. This condition has been divided into two subtypes, hereditary motor and sensory neuropathy (HMSN) types I and II. HMSN I is associated with abnormal nerve conduction velocities and nerve hypertrophy, features not seen in HMSN II. (Adams et al., Principles of Neurology, 6th ed, p1343)	0	3.12	5	0
Infectious Diseases [description not available]	0	2.98	1	0
Communicable Diseases An illness caused by an infectious agent or its toxins that occurs through the direct or indirect transmission of the infectious agent or its products from an infected individual or via an animal, vector or the inanimate environment to a susceptible animal or human host.	0	2.98	1	0
Infections, Meningococcal [description not available]	0	2.06	1	0
Meningococcal Infections Infections with bacteria of the species NEISSERIA MENINGITIDIS.	0	2.06	1	0
Bacteremia The presence of viable bacteria circulating in the blood. Fever, chills, tachycardia, and tachypnea are common acute manifestations of bacteremia. The majority of cases are seen in already hospitalized patients, most of whom have underlying diseases or procedures which render their bloodstreams susceptible to invasion.	0	2.06	1	0
Haemonchiasis Infection with nematodes of the genus HAEMONCHUS, characterized by digestive abnormalities and anemia similar to that from hookworm infestation.	0	2.41	2	0
Trichostrongyloidiasis Infection by roundworms of the superfamily TRICHOSTRONGYLOIDEA, including the genera TRICHOSTRONGYLUS; OSTERTAGIA; Cooperia, HAEMONCHUS; Nematodirus, Hyostrongylus, and DICTYOCAULUS.	0	2.06	1	0
Axonotmesis [description not available]	0	4.12	3	0
Trauma, Nervous System Traumatic injuries to the brain, cranial nerves, spinal cord, autonomic nervous system, or neuromuscular system, including iatrogenic injuries induced by surgical procedures.	0	4.12	3	0
Chloasma [description not available]	0	3.45	1	1
Melanosis Disorders of increased melanin pigmentation that develop without preceding inflammatory disease.	0	3.45	1	1
Hyperesthesia Increased sensitivity to cutaneous stimulation due to a diminished threshold or an increased response to stimuli.	0	2.45	2	0
Amyotonia Congenita [description not available]	0	2.41	2	0
Neuromuscular Diseases A general term encompassing lower MOTOR NEURON DISEASE; PERIPHERAL NERVOUS SYSTEM DISEASES; and certain MUSCULAR DISEASES. Manifestations include MUSCLE WEAKNESS; FASCICULATION; muscle ATROPHY; SPASM; MYOKYMIA; MUSCLE HYPERTONIA, myalgias, and MUSCLE HYPOTONIA.	0	2.41	2	0
Hypergonadotropic Hypogonadism [description not available]	0	2.44	2	0
Hypogonadism Condition resulting from deficient gonadal functions, such as GAMETOGENESIS and the production of GONADAL STEROID HORMONES. It is characterized by delay in GROWTH, germ cell maturation, and development of secondary sex characteristics. Hypogonadism can be due to a deficiency of GONADOTROPINS (hypogonadotropic hypogonadism) or due to primary gonadal failure (hypergonadotropic hypogonadism).	0	2.44	2	0
Oral Submucous Fibrosis Irreversible FIBROSIS of the submucosal tissue of the MOUTH.	0	2.07	1	0
Absence of Brain, Congenital [description not available]	0	2.07	1	0
Acquired Encephalocele [description not available]	0	2.07	1	0
Cleft Spine [description not available]	0	2.07	1	0
Gastroduodenal Ulcer [description not available]	0	4.74	2	1
Peptic Ulcer Ulcer that occurs in the regions of the GASTROINTESTINAL TRACT which come into contact with GASTRIC JUICE containing PEPSIN and GASTRIC ACID. It occurs when there are defects in the MUCOSA barrier. The common forms of peptic ulcers are associated with HELICOBACTER PYLORI and the consumption of nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDS).	0	4.74	2	1
Airway Hyper-Responsiveness [description not available]	0	2.72	3	0
Eye Hemorrhage Intraocular hemorrhage from the vessels of various tissues of the eye.	0	2.36	2	0
Wounds, Gunshot Disruption of structural continuity of the body as a result of the discharge of firearms.	0	2.06	1	0
Eye Injuries, Penetrating Deeply perforating or puncturing type intraocular injuries.	0	2.06	1	0
Cerebellar Diseases Diseases that affect the structure or function of the cerebellum. Cardinal manifestations of cerebellar dysfunction include dysmetria, GAIT ATAXIA, and MUSCLE HYPOTONIA.	0	5.91	9	0
Ciliary Dyskinesia [description not available]	0	2.07	1	0
Ciliary Motility Disorders Conditions caused by abnormal CILIA movement in the body, usually causing KARTAGENER SYNDROME, chronic respiratory disorders, chronic SINUSITIS, and chronic OTITIS. Abnormal ciliary beating is likely due to defects in any of the 200 plus ciliary proteins, such as missing motor enzyme DYNEIN arms.	0	2.07	1	0
Arteriolosclerosis Thickening of the walls of small ARTERIES or ARTERIOLES due to cell proliferation or HYALINE deposition.	0	2.06	1	0
Colonic Diseases Pathological processes in the COLON region of the large intestine (INTESTINE, LARGE).	0	2.46	2	0
Chondrodysplasia Punctata, Rhizomelic An autosomal recessive form of CHONDRODYSPLASIA PUNCTATA characterized by defective plasmalogen biosynthesis and impaired peroxisomes. Patients have shortened proximal limbs and severely disturbed endochondral bone formation. The metabolic defects associated with the impaired peroxisomes are present only in the rhizomelic form of chondrodysplasia punctata. (From Scriver et al, Metabolic Basis of Inherited Disease, 6th ed, p1497)	0	2.07	1	0
Dysentery, Shiga bacillus [description not available]	0	2.07	1	0
Dysentery, Bacillary DYSENTERY caused by gram-negative rod-shaped enteric bacteria (ENTEROBACTERIACEAE), most often by the genus SHIGELLA. Shigella dysentery, Shigellosis, is classified into subgroups according to syndrome severity and the infectious species. Group A: SHIGELLA DYSENTERIAE (severest); Group B: SHIGELLA FLEXNERI; Group C: SHIGELLA BOYDII; and Group D: SHIGELLA SONNEI (mildest).	0	2.07	1	0
Neurocytoma A benign brain tumor composed of neural elements which most often arise from the SEPTUM PELLUCIDUM and the walls of the lateral ventricles. Immunohistochemistry and electron microscopy evaluations may reveal expression of neuron specific enolase and synaptophysin and cells containing microtubuli, neurosecretory granules, and presynaptic vesicles. (From Acta Med Port 1994 Feb;7(2):113-9)	0	2.44	2	0
Brain Ventricular Neoplasms [description not available]	0	2.07	1	0
Icterus [description not available]	0	2.64	3	0
Jaundice A clinical manifestation of HYPERBILIRUBINEMIA, characterized by the yellowish staining of the SKIN; MUCOUS MEMBRANE; and SCLERA. Clinical jaundice usually is a sign of LIVER dysfunction.	0	2.64	3	0
Deficiency, Vitamin K [description not available]	0	7.16	6	0
Vitamin K Deficiency A nutritional condition produced by a deficiency of VITAMIN K in the diet, characterized by an increased tendency to hemorrhage (HEMORRHAGIC DISORDERS). Such bleeding episodes may be particularly severe in newborn infants. (From Cecil Textbook of Medicine, 19th ed, p1182)	0	7.16	6	0
Mole, Skin [description not available]	0	2.45	2	0
Childhood Torsion Disease [description not available]	0	2.73	3	0
Fetal Distress A nonreassuring fetal status (NRFS) indicating that the FETUS is compromised (American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists 1988). It can be identified by sub-optimal values in FETAL HEART RATE; oxygenation of FETAL BLOOD; and other parameters.	0	2.07	1	0
Harelip [description not available]	0	2.45	2	0
Cleft Lip Congenital defect in the upper lip where the maxillary prominence fails to merge with the merged medial nasal prominences. It is thought to be caused by faulty migration of the mesoderm in the head region.	0	2.45	2	0
Tuberculoma A tumor-like mass resulting from the enlargement of a tuberculous lesion.	0	2.07	1	0
Pulmonary Consumption [description not available]	0	2.86	4	0
Tuberculosis, Pulmonary MYCOBACTERIUM infections of the lung.	0	2.86	4	0
Pancreatic Insufficiency [description not available]	0	2.44	2	0
Alcoholic Pancreatitis [description not available]	0	2.07	1	0
Exocrine Pancreatic Insufficiency A malabsorption condition resulting from greater than 10% reduction in the secretion of pancreatic digestive enzymes (LIPASE; PROTEASES; and AMYLASE) by the EXOCRINE PANCREAS into the DUODENUM. This condition is often associated with CYSTIC FIBROSIS and with chronic PANCREATITIS.	0	2.44	2	0
Cystadenoma, Serous A cystic tumor of the ovary, containing thin, clear, yellow serous fluid and varying amounts of solid tissue, with a malignant potential several times greater than that of mucinous cystadenoma (CYSTADENOMA, MUCINOUS). It can be unilocular, parvilocular, or multilocular. It is often bilateral and papillary. The cysts may vary greatly in size. (Dorland, 27th ed; from Hughes, Obstetric-Gynecologic Terminology, 1972)	0	2.08	1	0
Acute-Phase Reaction An early local inflammatory reaction to insult or injury that consists of fever, an increase in inflammatory humoral factors, and an increased synthesis by hepatocytes of a number of proteins or glycoproteins usually found in the plasma.	0	2.72	3	0
Myeloproliferative Disorders Conditions which cause proliferation of hemopoietically active tissue or of tissue which has embryonic hemopoietic potential. They all involve dysregulation of multipotent MYELOID PROGENITOR CELLS, most often caused by a mutation in the JAK2 PROTEIN TYROSINE KINASE.	0	2.07	1	0
Serotonin Syndrome An adverse drug interaction characterized by altered mental status, autonomic dysfunction, and neuromuscular abnormalities. It is most frequently caused by use of both serotonin reuptake inhibitors and monoamine oxidase inhibitors, leading to excess serotonin availability in the CNS at the serotonin 1A receptor.	0	2.44	2	0
Focal Segmental Glomerulosclerosis [description not available]	0	2.46	2	0
Glomerulosclerosis, Focal Segmental A clinicopathological syndrome or diagnostic term for a type of glomerular injury that has multiple causes, primary or secondary. Clinical features include PROTEINURIA, reduced GLOMERULAR FILTRATION RATE, and EDEMA. Kidney biopsy initially indicates focal segmental glomerular consolidation (hyalinosis) or scarring which can progress to globally sclerotic glomeruli leading to eventual KIDNEY FAILURE.	0	2.46	2	0
Bacterial Meningitides [description not available]	0	3.5	8	0
Meningitis, Bacterial Bacterial infections of the leptomeninges and subarachnoid space, frequently involving the cerebral cortex, cranial nerves, cerebral blood vessels, spinal cord, and nerve roots.	0	3.5	8	0
Fetal Malnutrition [description not available]	0	2.45	2	0
Deficiency, Protein [description not available]	0	3.07	5	0
Anemia, Congenital Nonspherocytic Hemolytic [description not available]	0	2.68	3	0
Lathyrism A paralytic condition of the legs caused by ingestion of lathyrogens, especially BETA-AMINOPROPIONITRILE or beta-N-oxalyl amino-L-alanine, which are found in the seeds of plants of the genus LATHYRUS.	0	3	1	0
Acidosis, Respiratory Respiratory retention of carbon dioxide. It may be chronic or acute.	0	2.7	3	0
Delayed Graft Function General dysfunction of an organ occurring immediately following its transplantation. The term most frequently refers to renal dysfunction following KIDNEY TRANSPLANTATION.	0	2.08	1	0
Renal Artery Stenosis [description not available]	0	2.08	1	0
Renal Artery Obstruction Narrowing or occlusion of the RENAL ARTERY or arteries. It is due usually to ATHEROSCLEROSIS; FIBROMUSCULAR DYSPLASIA; THROMBOSIS; EMBOLISM, or external pressure. The reduced renal perfusion can lead to renovascular hypertension (HYPERTENSION, RENOVASCULAR).	0	2.08	1	0
Sterility, Female [description not available]	0	2.46	2	0
Infertility, Female Diminished or absent ability of a female to achieve conception.	0	2.46	2	0
Buerger Disease [description not available]	0	2.01	1	0
Alcohol Withdrawal Seizures A condition where seizures occur in association with ethanol abuse (ALCOHOLISM) without other identifiable causes. Seizures usually occur within the first 6-48 hours after the cessation of alcohol intake, but may occur during periods of alcohol intoxication. Single generalized tonic-clonic motor seizures are the most common subtype, however, STATUS EPILEPTICUS may occur. (Adams et al., Principles of Neurology, 6th ed, p1174)	0	3.62	3	0
Shaken Baby Syndrome Brain injuries resulted from vigorous shaking of an infant or young child held by the chest, shoulders, or extremities causing extreme cranial acceleration. It is characterized by the intracranial and intraocular hemorrhages with no evident external trauma. Serious cases may result in death.	0	2.01	1	0
Thromboembolism Obstruction of a blood vessel (embolism) by a blood clot (THROMBUS) in the blood stream.	0	2.01	1	0
A-Thalassemia [description not available]	0	2.42	2	0
alpha-Thalassemia A disorder characterized by reduced synthesis of the alpha chains of hemoglobin. The severity of this condition can vary from mild anemia to death, depending on the number of genes deleted.	0	2.42	2	0
Ascites Accumulation or retention of free fluid within the peritoneal cavity.	0	5.3	7	0
Lymphocytopenia [description not available]	0	2.41	2	0
Lymphopenia Reduction in the number of lymphocytes.	0	2.41	2	0
Apolipoprotein B-100, Familial Defective [description not available]	0	3.24	6	0
Hyperlipoproteinemia Type II A group of familial disorders characterized by elevated circulating cholesterol contained in either LOW-DENSITY LIPOPROTEINS alone or also in VERY-LOW-DENSITY LIPOPROTEINS (pre-beta lipoproteins).	0	3.24	6	0
Coronary Restenosis Recurrent narrowing or constriction of a coronary artery following surgical procedures performed to alleviate a prior obstruction.	0	2.01	1	0
Iron Overload An excessive accumulation of iron in the body due to a greater than normal absorption of iron from the gastrointestinal tract or from parenteral injection. This may arise from idiopathic hemochromatosis, excessive iron intake, chronic alcoholism, certain types of refractory anemia, or transfusional hemosiderosis. (From Churchill's Illustrated Medical Dictionary, 1989)	0	2.92	1	0
Hyperkeratosis Palmaris et Plantaris [description not available]	0	2.41	2	0
Cerebral Primitive Neuroectodermal Tumor [description not available]	0	2.01	1	0
Neuroectodermal Tumors, Primitive A group of malignant tumors of the nervous system that feature primitive cells with elements of neuronal and/or glial differentiation. Use of this term is limited by some authors to central nervous system tumors and others include neoplasms of similar origin which arise extracranially (i.e., NEUROECTODERMAL TUMORS, PRIMITIVE, PERIPHERAL). This term is also occasionally used as a synonym for MEDULLOBLASTOMA. In general, these tumors arise in the first decade of life and tend to be highly malignant. (From DeVita et al., Cancer: Principles and Practice of Oncology, 5th ed, p2059)	0	2.01	1	0
Uveitis Inflammation of part or all of the uvea, the middle (vascular) tunic of the eye, and commonly involving the other tunics (sclera and cornea, and the retina). (Dorland, 27th ed)	0	2.42	2	0
Cerebromeningitis [description not available]	0	2.01	1	0
Hyperventilation A pulmonary ventilation rate faster than is metabolically necessary for the exchange of gases. It is the result of an increased frequency of breathing, an increased tidal volume, or a combination of both. It causes an excess intake of oxygen and the blowing off of carbon dioxide.	0	6.17	12	1
African Sleeping Sickness [description not available]	0	2.4	2	0
Trypanosomiasis, African A disease endemic among people and animals in Central Africa. It is caused by various species of trypanosomes, particularly T. gambiense and T. rhodesiense. Its second host is the TSETSE FLY. Involvement of the central nervous system produces African sleeping sickness. Nagana is a rapidly fatal trypanosomiasis of horses and other animals.	0	2.4	2	0
Arteriosclerosis Thickening and loss of elasticity of the walls of ARTERIES of all sizes. There are many forms classified by the types of lesions and arteries involved, such as ATHEROSCLEROSIS with fatty lesions in the ARTERIAL INTIMA of medium and large muscular arteries.	0	8.37	7	0
BCECTS [description not available]	0	2.01	1	0
Leukoma [description not available]	0	2	1	0
Corneal Opacity Disorder occurring in the central or peripheral area of the cornea. The usual degree of transparency becomes relatively opaque.	0	2	1	0
Remission, Spontaneous A spontaneous diminution or abatement of a disease over time, without formal treatment.	0	2.01	1	0
Benign Familial Infantile Convulsions [description not available]	0	2.71	3	0
Macular Holes [description not available]	0	2.42	2	0
Retinal Perforations Perforations through the whole thickness of the retina including the macula as the result of inflammation, trauma, degeneration, etc. The concept includes retinal breaks, tears, dialyses, and holes.	0	2.42	2	0
Night Blindness Failure or imperfection of vision at night or in dim light, with good vision only on bright days. (Dorland, 27th ed)	0	2.94	4	0
Lead Poisoning, Nervous System Injury to the nervous system secondary to exposure to lead compounds. Two distinct clinical patterns occur in children (LEAD POISONING, NERVOUS SYSTEM, CHILDHOOD) and adults (LEAD POISONING, NERVOUS SYSTEM, ADULT). In children, lead poisoning typically produces an encephalopathy. In adults, exposure to toxic levels of lead is associated with a peripheral neuropathy.	0	2.01	1	0
Cranial Nerve VII Injuries [description not available]	0	2.01	1	0
Burns Injuries to tissues caused by contact with heat, steam, chemicals (BURNS, CHEMICAL), electricity (BURNS, ELECTRIC), or the like.	0	2.39	2	0
Active Hyperemia [description not available]	0	3.25	6	0
Hyperemia The presence of an increased amount of blood in a body part or an organ leading to congestion or engorgement of blood vessels. Hyperemia can be due to increase of blood flow into the area (active or arterial), or due to obstruction of outflow of blood from the area (passive or venous).	0	3.25	6	0
Glaucoma, Suspect [description not available]	0	3.88	12	0
Ocular Hypertension A condition in which the intraocular pressure is elevated above normal and which may lead to glaucoma.	0	3.88	12	0
Embryopathies [description not available]	0	4.48	5	0
Hair Diseases Diseases affecting the orderly growth and persistence of hair.	0	2.91	4	0
Cephalgia Syndromes [description not available]	0	2.71	3	0
Headache Disorders Various conditions with the symptom of HEADACHE. Headache disorders are classified into major groups, such as PRIMARY HEADACHE DISORDERS (based on characteristics of their headache symptoms) and SECONDARY HEADACHE DISORDERS (based on their etiologies). (International Classification of Headache Disorders, 2nd ed. Cephalalgia 2004: suppl 1)	0	2.71	3	0
Brain Emboli [description not available]	0	2.71	3	0
Air Embolism [description not available]	0	2.01	1	0
Circulatory Collapse [description not available]	0	2.71	3	0
Shock A pathological condition manifested by failure to perfuse or oxygenate vital organs.	0	2.71	3	0
Escherichia coli Meningitis [description not available]	0	2.01	1	0
Brain Diseases, Metabolic, Familial [description not available]	0	4.32	7	0
Brachial Paresis [description not available]	0	4.08	3	1
Angina at Rest [description not available]	0	5.26	2	2
Angina, Unstable Precordial pain at rest, which may precede a MYOCARDIAL INFARCTION.	0	5.26	2	2
Wallerian Degeneration Degeneration of distal aspects of a nerve axon following injury to the cell body or proximal portion of the axon. The process is characterized by fragmentation of the axon and its MYELIN SHEATH.	0	3.63	3	0
Nutritional Disorders [description not available]	0	4.62	6	1
Nutrition Disorders Disorders caused by nutritional imbalance, either overnutrition or undernutrition.	0	4.62	6	1
Dental Fluoroses [description not available]	0	2.4	2	0
Fluorosis, Dental A chronic endemic form of hypoplasia of the dental enamel caused by drinking water with a high fluorine content during the time of tooth formation, and characterized by defective calcification that gives a white chalky appearance to the enamel, which gradually undergoes brown discoloration. (Jablonski's Dictionary of Dentistry, 1992, p286)	0	2.4	2	0
Carbohydrate Inducible Hyperlipemia [description not available]	0	2.01	1	0
Hyperlipoproteinemia Type IV A hypertriglyceridemia disorder, often with autosomal dominant inheritance. It is characterized by the persistent elevations of plasma TRIGLYCERIDES, endogenously synthesized and contained predominantly in VERY-LOW-DENSITY LIPOPROTEINS (pre-beta lipoproteins). In contrast, the plasma CHOLESTEROL and PHOSPHOLIPIDS usually remain within normal limits.	0	2.01	1	0
Anemias, Iron-Deficiency [description not available]	0	2.41	2	0
Anemia, Iron-Deficiency Anemia characterized by decreased or absent iron stores, low serum iron concentration, low transferrin saturation, and low hemoglobin concentration or hematocrit value. The erythrocytes are hypochromic and microcytic and the iron binding capacity is increased.	0	2.41	2	0
Cryptosporidium Infection [description not available]	0	2.41	2	0
Malabsorption Syndromes General term for a group of MALNUTRITION syndromes caused by failure of normal INTESTINAL ABSORPTION of nutrients.	0	2.7	3	0
Cryptosporidiosis Intestinal infection with organisms of the genus CRYPTOSPORIDIUM. It occurs in both animals and humans. Symptoms include severe DIARRHEA.	0	2.41	2	0
Epidermolysis Bullosa Junctionalis, Disentis Type [description not available]	0	2.01	1	0
Epidermolysis Bullosa, Junctional Form of epidermolysis bullosa having onset at birth or during the neonatal period and transmitted through autosomal recessive inheritance. It is characterized by generalized blister formation, extensive denudation, and separation and cleavage of the basal cell plasma membranes from the basement membrane.	0	2.01	1	0
Cyst [description not available]	0	2.01	1	0
Insulin Coma Severe HYPOGLYCEMIA induced by a large dose of exogenous INSULIN resulting in a COMA or profound state of unconsciousness from which the individual cannot be aroused.	0	3.03	5	0
Infections, Salmonella [description not available]	0	2.36	2	0
Blood Loss, Postoperative [description not available]	0	2.36	2	0
Encephalitis, Polio [description not available]	0	1.93	1	0
Poliomyelitis An acute infectious disease of humans, particularly children, caused by any of three serotypes of human poliovirus (POLIOVIRUS). Usually the infection is limited to the gastrointestinal tract and nasopharynx, and is often asymptomatic. The central nervous system, primarily the spinal cord, may be affected, leading to rapidly progressive paralysis, coarse FASCICULATION and hyporeflexia. Motor neurons are primarily affected. Encephalitis may also occur. The virus replicates in the nervous system, and may cause significant neuronal loss, most notably in the spinal cord. A rare related condition, nonpoliovirus poliomyelitis, may result from infections with nonpoliovirus enteroviruses. (From Adams et al., Principles of Neurology, 6th ed, pp764-5)	0	6.93	1	0
Brain Dead [description not available]	0	4.74	7	1
Connective Tissue Diseases A heterogeneous group of disorders, some hereditary, others acquired, characterized by abnormal structure or function of one or more of the elements of connective tissue, i.e., collagen, elastin, or the mucopolysaccharides.	0	1.93	1	0
Anti-MuSK Myasthenia Gravis [description not available]	0	1.93	1	0
Myasthenia Gravis A disorder of neuromuscular transmission characterized by fatigable weakness of cranial and skeletal muscles with elevated titers of ACETYLCHOLINE RECEPTORS or muscle-specific receptor tyrosine kinase (MuSK) autoantibodies. Clinical manifestations may include ocular muscle weakness (fluctuating, asymmetric, external ophthalmoplegia; diplopia; ptosis; and weakness of eye closure) and extraocular fatigable weakness of facial, bulbar, respiratory, and proximal limb muscles. The disease may remain limited to the ocular muscles (ocular myasthenia). THYMOMA is commonly associated with this condition.	0	6.93	1	0
Neuroses [description not available]	0	4.1	6	0
Neurotic Disorders Disorders in which the symptoms are distressing to the individual and recognized by him or her as being unacceptable. Social relationships may be greatly affected but usually remain within acceptable limits. The disturbance is relatively enduring or recurrent without treatment.	0	4.1	6	0
Urinary Tract Diseases [description not available]	0	2.85	4	0
Uremia A clinical syndrome associated with the retention of renal waste products or uremic toxins in the blood. It is usually the result of RENAL INSUFFICIENCY. Most uremic toxins are end products of protein or nitrogen CATABOLISM, such as UREA or CREATININE. Severe uremia can lead to multiple organ dysfunctions with a constellation of symptoms.	0	3.04	5	0
Hepatic Insufficiency Conditions in which the LIVER functions fall below the normal ranges. Severe hepatic insufficiency may cause LIVER FAILURE or DEATH. Treatment may include LIVER TRANSPLANTATION.	0	2.85	4	0
Brill Disease [description not available]	0	2.33	2	0
Typhus, Epidemic Louse-Borne The classic form of typhus, caused by RICKETTSIA PROWAZEKII, which is transmitted from man to man by the louse Pediculus humanus corporis. This disease is characterized by the sudden onset of intense headache, malaise, and generalized myalgia followed by the formation of a macular skin eruption and vascular and neurologic disturbances.	0	2.33	2	0
Narcosis A state of depressed CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM marked by stupor or insensibility.	0	2.84	4	0
Dermatitis, Eczematous [description not available]	0	2.34	2	0
Eczema A pruritic papulovesicular dermatitis occurring as a reaction to many endogenous and exogenous agents (Dorland, 27th ed).	0	7.34	2	0
Alcohol Withdrawal Associated Autonomic Hyperactivity [description not available]	0	5.42	9	0
Psychoses, Alcoholic A group of mental disorders associated with organic brain damage and caused by poisoning from alcohol.	0	2.34	2	0
Dermatoses [description not available]	0	7.63	3	0
Bullous Dermatoses [description not available]	0	6.93	1	0
Skin Diseases Diseases involving the DERMIS or EPIDERMIS.	0	2.63	3	0
Methemoglobinemia The presence of methemoglobin in the blood, resulting in cyanosis. A small amount of methemoglobin is present in the blood normally, but injury or toxic agents convert a larger proportion of hemoglobin into methemoglobin, which does not function reversibly as an oxygen carrier. Methemoglobinemia may be due to a defect in the enzyme NADH methemoglobin reductase (an autosomal recessive trait) or to an abnormality in hemoglobin M (an autosomal dominant trait). (Dorland, 27th ed)	0	1.93	1	0
Deficiency, Vitamin B [description not available]	0	2.34	2	0
Vitamin B Deficiency A condition due to deficiency in any member of the VITAMIN B COMPLEX. These B vitamins are water-soluble and must be obtained from the diet because they are easily lost in the urine. Unlike the lipid-soluble vitamins, they cannot be stored in the body fat.	0	2.34	2	0
Corynebacterium diphtheriae Infection [description not available]	0	2.33	2	0
Diphtheria A localized infection of mucous membranes or skin caused by toxigenic strains of CORYNEBACTERIUM DIPHTHERIAE. It is characterized by the presence of a pseudomembrane at the site of infection. DIPHTHERIA TOXIN, produced by C. diphtheriae, can cause myocarditis, polyneuritis, and other systemic toxic effects.	0	2.33	2	0
Neuritis A general term indicating inflammation of a peripheral or cranial nerve. Clinical manifestation may include PAIN; PARESTHESIAS; PARESIS; or HYPESTHESIA.	0	4.91	5	0
Focal Neurologic Deficits [description not available]	0	2.34	2	0
Bouillaud Disease [description not available]	0	1.93	1	0
Rheumatic Heart Disease Cardiac manifestation of systemic rheumatological conditions, such as RHEUMATIC FEVER. Rheumatic heart disease can involve any part the heart, most often the HEART VALVES and the ENDOCARDIUM.	0	1.93	1	0
Respiration Disorders Diseases of the respiratory system in general or unspecified or for a specific respiratory disease not available.	0	3.48	8	0
Thoracic Diseases Disorders affecting the organs of the thorax.	0	2.33	2	0
Idiopathic Tropical Malabsorption Syndrome [description not available]	0	1.93	1	0
Hematochezia The passage of bright red blood from the rectum. The blood may or may not be mixed with formed stool in the form of blood, blood clots, bloody stool or diarrhea.	0	3.75	2	1
Gastrointestinal Hemorrhage Bleeding in any segment of the GASTROINTESTINAL TRACT from ESOPHAGUS to RECTUM.	0	3.75	2	1
Retinal Pigment Epithelial Detachment [description not available]	0	3.49	8	0
Retinal Detachment Separation of the inner layers of the retina (neural retina) from the pigment epithelium. Retinal detachment occurs more commonly in men than in women, in eyes with degenerative myopia, in aging and in aphakia. It may occur after an uncomplicated cataract extraction, but it is seen more often if vitreous humor has been lost during surgery. (Dorland, 27th ed; Newell, Ophthalmology: Principles and Concepts, 7th ed, p310-12).	0	3.49	8	0
Deficiency, Folic Acid [description not available]	0	3.03	5	0
Folic Acid Deficiency A nutritional condition produced by a deficiency of FOLIC ACID in the diet. Many plant and animal tissues contain folic acid, abundant in green leafy vegetables, yeast, liver, and mushrooms but destroyed by long-term cooking. Alcohol interferes with its intermediate metabolism and absorption. Folic acid deficiency may develop in long-term anticonvulsant therapy or with use of oral contraceptives. This deficiency causes anemia, macrocytic anemia, and megaloblastic anemia. It is indistinguishable from vitamin B 12 deficiency in peripheral blood and bone marrow findings, but the neurologic lesions seen in B 12 deficiency do not occur. (Merck Manual, 16th ed)	0	3.03	5	0
Muscular Dystrophy [description not available]	0	2.85	4	0
Deficiency, Vitamin E [description not available]	0	2.35	2	0
Muscular Dystrophies A heterogeneous group of inherited MYOPATHIES, characterized by wasting and weakness of the SKELETAL MUSCLE. They are categorized by the sites of MUSCLE WEAKNESS; AGE OF ONSET; and INHERITANCE PATTERNS.	0	2.85	4	0
Anemia, Macrocytic Anemia characterized by larger than normal erythrocytes, increased mean corpuscular volume (MCV) and increased mean corpuscular hemoglobin (MCH).	0	3.03	5	0
Avitaminosis A condition due to a deficiency of one or more essential vitamins. (Dorland, 27th ed)	0	2.34	2	0
Anemia, Megaloblastic A disorder characterized by the presence of ANEMIA, abnormally large red blood cells (megalocytes or macrocytes), and MEGALOBLASTS.	0	1.93	1	0
Pachymeningitis [description not available]	0	2.36	2	0
Meningitis Inflammation of the coverings of the brain and/or spinal cord, which consist of the PIA MATER; ARACHNOID; and DURA MATER. Infections (viral, bacterial, and fungal) are the most common causes of this condition, but subarachnoid hemorrhage (HEMORRHAGES, SUBARACHNOID), chemical irritation (chemical MENINGITIS), granulomatous conditions, neoplastic conditions (CARCINOMATOUS MENINGITIS), and other inflammatory conditions may produce this syndrome. (From Joynt, Clinical Neurology, 1994, Ch24, p6)	0	2.36	2	0
Jaundice, Cholestatic [description not available]	0	1.93	1	0
Anemia, Splenic [description not available]	0	1.93	1	0
Icterus Gravis Neonatorum [description not available]	0	2.36	2	0
Jaundice, Neonatal Yellow discoloration of the SKIN; MUCOUS MEMBRANE; and SCLERA in the NEWBORN. It is a sign of NEONATAL HYPERBILIRUBINEMIA. Most cases are transient self-limiting (PHYSIOLOGICAL NEONATAL JAUNDICE) occurring in the first week of life, but some can be a sign of pathological disorders, particularly LIVER DISEASES.	0	2.36	2	0
Jaundice, Obstructive Jaundice, the condition with yellowish staining of the skin and mucous membranes, that is due to impaired BILE flow in the BILIARY TRACT, such as INTRAHEPATIC CHOLESTASIS, or EXTRAHEPATIC CHOLESTASIS.	0	1.93	1	0
Gallstone Disease [description not available]	0	1.93	1	0
Gallbladder Dyskinesia [description not available]	0	1.93	1	0
Biliary Dyskinesia A motility disorder characterized by biliary COLIC, absence of GALLSTONES, and an abnormal GALLBLADDER ejection fraction. It is caused by gallbladder dyskinesia and/or SPHINCTER OF ODDI DYSFUNCTION.	0	1.93	1	0
Cholangitis Inflammation of the biliary ductal system (BILE DUCTS); intrahepatic, extrahepatic, or both.	0	1.93	1	0
Cholelithiasis Presence or formation of GALLSTONES in the BILIARY TRACT, usually in the gallbladder (CHOLECYSTOLITHIASIS) or the common bile duct (CHOLEDOCHOLITHIASIS).	0	1.93	1	0
EHS Tumor [description not available]	0	2.64	3	0
Bright Disease A historical classification which is no longer used. It described acute glomerulonephritis, acute nephritic syndrome, or acute nephritis. Named for Richard Bright.	0	1.94	1	0
Necrotizing Pyelonephritis [description not available]	0	1.94	1	0
Glomerulonephritis Inflammation of the renal glomeruli (KIDNEY GLOMERULUS) that can be classified by the type of glomerular injuries including antibody deposition, complement activation, cellular proliferation, and glomerulosclerosis. These structural and functional abnormalities usually lead to HEMATURIA; PROTEINURIA; HYPERTENSION; and RENAL INSUFFICIENCY.	0	1.94	1	0
Pyelonephritis Inflammation of the KIDNEY involving the renal parenchyma (the NEPHRONS); KIDNEY PELVIS; and KIDNEY CALICES. It is characterized by ABDOMINAL PAIN; FEVER; NAUSEA; VOMITING; and occasionally DIARRHEA.	0	1.94	1	0
Complications, Hematologic Pregnancy [description not available]	0	2.36	2	0
Aminoaciduria, Renal [description not available]	0	2.35	2	0
Asthenia Clinical sign or symptom manifested as debility, or lack or loss of strength and energy.	0	2.36	2	0
Kwashiorkor A syndrome produced by severe protein deficiency, characterized by retarded growth, changes in skin and hair pigment, edema, and pathologic changes in the liver, including fatty infiltration, necrosis, and fibrosis. The word is a local name in Gold Coast, Africa, meaning displaced child. Although first reported from Africa, kwashiorkor is now known throughout the world, but mainly in the tropics and subtropics. It is considered to be related to marasmus. (From Dorland, 27th ed)	0	6.94	1	0
Ankylosing Spondylarthritis [description not available]	0	2.37	2	0
Spondylitis Inflammation of the SPINE. This includes both arthritic and non-arthritic conditions.	0	1.94	1	0
Spondylitis, Ankylosing A chronic inflammatory condition affecting the axial joints, such as the SACROILIAC JOINT and other intervertebral or costovertebral joints. It occurs predominantly in young males and is characterized by pain and stiffness of joints (ANKYLOSIS) with inflammation at tendon insertions.	0	2.37	2	0
Abnormalities, Drug-Induced Congenital abnormalities caused by medicinal substances or drugs of abuse given to or taken by the mother, or to which she is inadvertently exposed during the manufacture of such substances. The concept excludes abnormalities resulting from exposure to non-medicinal chemicals in the environment.	0	2.36	2	0
Cramp [description not available]	0	3.75	2	1
Muscle Cramp A sustained and usually painful contraction of muscle fibers. This may occur as an isolated phenomenon or as a manifestation of an underlying disease process (e.g., UREMIA; HYPOTHYROIDISM; MOTOR NEURON DISEASE; etc.). (From Adams et al., Principles of Neurology, 6th ed, p1398)	0	3.75	2	1
Cardiac Death [description not available]	0	3.23	6	0
Steatorrhea A condition that is characterized by chronic fatty DIARRHEA, a result of abnormal DIGESTION and/or INTESTINAL ABSORPTION of FATS.	0	1.93	1	0
Asymmetric Septal Hypertrophy, Familial [description not available]	0	3.12	5	0
Intermittent Claudication A symptom complex characterized by pain and weakness in SKELETAL MUSCLE group associated with exercise, such as leg pain and weakness brought on by walking. Such muscle limpness disappears after a brief rest and is often relates to arterial STENOSIS; muscle ISCHEMIA; and accumulation of LACTATE.	0	2.01	1	0
Aortic Arteritis, Giant Cell [description not available]	0	2.01	1	0
Giant Cell Arteritis A systemic autoimmune disorder that typically affects medium and large ARTERIES, usually leading to occlusive granulomatous vasculitis with transmural infiltrate containing multinucleated GIANT CELLS. The TEMPORAL ARTERY is commonly involved. This disorder appears primarily in people over the age of 50. Symptoms include FEVER; FATIGUE; HEADACHE; visual impairment; pain in the jaw and tongue; and aggravation of pain by cold temperatures. (From Adams et al., Principles of Neurology, 6th ed)	0	2.01	1	0
Fetal Death Death of the developing young in utero. BIRTH of a dead FETUS is STILLBIRTH.	0	2.4	2	0
Intestinal Obstruction Any impairment, arrest, or reversal of the normal flow of INTESTINAL CONTENTS toward the ANAL CANAL.	0	2.42	2	0
Paranoia [description not available]	0	2.93	1	0
Fibrosarcoma A sarcoma derived from deep fibrous tissue, characterized by bundles of immature proliferating fibroblasts with variable collagen formation, which tends to invade locally and metastasize by the bloodstream. (Stedman, 25th ed)	0	2.4	2	0
Choline Deficiency A condition produced by a deficiency of CHOLINE in animals. Choline is known as a lipotropic agent because it has been shown to promote the transport of excess fat from the liver under certain conditions in laboratory animals. Combined deficiency of choline (included in the B vitamin complex) and all other methyl group donors causes liver cirrhosis in some animals. Unlike compounds normally considered as vitamins, choline does not serve as a cofactor in enzymatic reactions. (From Saunders Dictionary & Encyclopedia of Laboratory Medicine and Technology, 1984)	0	2.02	1	0
Cockayne-Touraine Disease [description not available]	0	3.35	2	0
Epidermolysis Bullosa Dystrophica Form of epidermolysis bullosa characterized by atrophy of blistered areas, severe scarring, and nail changes. It is most often present at birth or in early infancy and occurs in both autosomal dominant and recessive forms. All forms of dystrophic epidermolysis bullosa result from mutations in COLLAGEN TYPE VII, a major component fibrils of BASEMENT MEMBRANE and EPIDERMIS.	0	3.35	2	0
Ambiguous Genitalia [description not available]	0	1.92	1	0
Disorders of Sex Development In gonochoristic organisms, congenital conditions in which development of chromosomal, gonadal, or anatomical sex is atypical. Effects from exposure to abnormal levels of GONADAL HORMONES in the maternal environment, or disruption of the function of those hormones by ENDOCRINE DISRUPTORS are included.	0	1.92	1	0
Bodily Distress Disorder [description not available]	0	1.92	1	0
Urination Disorders Abnormalities in the process of URINE voiding, including bladder control, frequency of URINATION, as well as the volume and composition of URINE.	0	3.58	3	0
Central Nervous System Syphilis [description not available]	0	1.92	1	0
Cacosmia [description not available]	0	2.02	1	0
Affective Disorders, Psychotic Disorders in which the essential feature is a severe disturbance in mood (depression, anxiety, elation, and excitement) accompanied by psychotic symptoms such as delusions, hallucinations, gross impairment in reality testing, etc.	0	2.02	1	0
Exposure, Dental Pulp [description not available]	0	2.43	2	0
Dental Pulp Exposure The result of pathological changes in the hard tissue of a tooth caused by carious lesions, mechanical factors, or trauma, which render the pulp susceptible to bacterial invasion from the external environment.	0	2.43	2	0
Acid Alpha-Glucosidase Deficiency [description not available]	0	2.4	2	0
Glycogen Storage Disease Type II An autosomal recessively inherited glycogen storage disease caused by GLUCAN 1,4-ALPHA-GLUCOSIDASE deficiency. Large amounts of GLYCOGEN accumulate in the LYSOSOMES of skeletal muscle (MUSCLE, SKELETAL); HEART; LIVER; SPINAL CORD; and BRAIN. Three forms have been described: infantile, childhood, and adult. The infantile form is fatal in infancy and presents with hypotonia and a hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (CARDIOMYOPATHY, HYPERTROPHIC). The childhood form usually presents in the second year of life with proximal weakness and respiratory symptoms. The adult form consists of a slowly progressive proximal myopathy. (From Muscle Nerve 1995;3:S61-9; Menkes, Textbook of Child Neurology, 5th ed, pp73-4)	0	2.4	2	0
Axon Reaction [description not available]	0	4.48	5	0
Cholangiitis, Sclerosing [description not available]	0	2.02	1	0
Cholangitis, Sclerosing Chronic inflammatory disease of the BILIARY TRACT. It is characterized by fibrosis and hardening of the intrahepatic and extrahepatic biliary ductal systems leading to bile duct strictures, CHOLESTASIS, and eventual BILIARY CIRRHOSIS.	0	2.02	1	0
Albinism General term for a number of inherited defects of amino acid metabolism in which there is a deficiency or absence of pigment in the eyes, skin, or hair.	0	2.69	3	0
Choriocarcinoma A malignant metastatic form of trophoblastic tumors. Unlike the HYDATIDIFORM MOLE, choriocarcinoma contains no CHORIONIC VILLI but rather sheets of undifferentiated cytotrophoblasts and syncytiotrophoblasts (TROPHOBLASTS). It is characterized by the large amounts of CHORIONIC GONADOTROPIN produced. Tissue origins can be determined by DNA analyses: placental (fetal) origin or non-placental origin (CHORIOCARCINOMA, NON-GESTATIONAL).	0	2.02	1	0
Central Core Disease [description not available]	0	2.02	1	0
Alcohol-Induced Peripheral Neuropathy [description not available]	0	2.02	1	0
Branch Retinal Artery Occlusion [description not available]	0	2.72	3	0
Retinal Artery Occlusion Sudden ISCHEMIA in the RETINA due to blocked blood flow through the CENTRAL RETINAL ARTERY or its branches leading to sudden complete or partial loss of vision, respectively, in the eye.	0	2.72	3	0
Congenital Errors of Steroid Metabolism [description not available]	0	2.02	1	0
Carbon Monoxide Poisoning Toxic asphyxiation due to the displacement of oxygen from oxyhemoglobin by carbon monoxide.	0	2.41	2	0
Meningitis, Viral Viral infections of the leptomeninges and subarachnoid space. TOGAVIRIDAE INFECTIONS; FLAVIVIRIDAE INFECTIONS; RUBELLA; BUNYAVIRIDAE INFECTIONS; ORBIVIRUS infections; PICORNAVIRIDAE INFECTIONS; ORTHOMYXOVIRIDAE INFECTIONS; RHABDOVIRIDAE INFECTIONS; ARENAVIRIDAE INFECTIONS; HERPESVIRIDAE INFECTIONS; ADENOVIRIDAE INFECTIONS; JC VIRUS infections; and RETROVIRIDAE INFECTIONS may cause this form of meningitis. Clinical manifestations include fever, headache, neck pain, vomiting, PHOTOPHOBIA, and signs of meningeal irritation. (From Joynt, Clinical Neurology, 1996, Ch26, pp1-3)	0	2.91	4	0
Acoustic Nerve Diseases [description not available]	0	2.7	3	0
Calcium Metabolism Disorders Disorders in the processing of calcium in the body: its absorption, transport, storage, and utilization.	0	2.41	2	0
Charcot's Joint [description not available]	0	2.93	1	0
Arthropathy, Neurogenic Chronic progressive degeneration of the stress-bearing portion of a joint, with bizarre hypertrophic changes at the periphery. It is probably a complication of a variety of neurologic disorders, particularly TABES DORSALIS, involving loss of sensation, which leads to relaxation of supporting structures and chronic instability of the joint. (Dorland, 27th ed)	0	2.93	1	0
Hypertriglyceridemia A condition of elevated levels of TRIGLYCERIDES in the blood.	0	2.41	2	0
Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome [description not available]	0	3.33	2	0
Cerebrospinal Fluid Hypovolemia [description not available]	0	3.34	2	0
Respiratory Distress Syndrome A syndrome characterized by progressive life-threatening RESPIRATORY INSUFFICIENCY in the absence of known LUNG DISEASES, usually following a systemic insult such as surgery or major TRAUMA.	0	3.33	2	0
Hypercoagulability [description not available]	0	2.02	1	0
Centriacinar Emphysema [description not available]	0	2.7	3	0
Antithrombin 3 Deficiency [description not available]	0	2.02	1	0
Thrombophilia A disorder of HEMOSTASIS in which there is a tendency for the occurrence of THROMBOSIS.	0	2.02	1	0
alpha 1-Antitrypsin Deficiency Deficiency of the protease inhibitor ALPHA 1-ANTITRYPSIN that manifests primarily as PULMONARY EMPHYSEMA and LIVER CIRRHOSIS.	0	2.67	3	0
Antithrombin III Deficiency An absence or reduced level of Antithrombin III leading to an increased risk for thrombosis.	0	2.02	1	0
Water Intoxication A condition resulting from the excessive retention of water with sodium depletion.	0	2.02	1	0
Blunt Injuries [description not available]	0	2.92	4	0
Dysarthria, Pseudobulbar [description not available]	0	4.32	1	1
Abnormalities, Digestive System [description not available]	0	2.02	1	0
Short Bowel Syndrome A malabsorption syndrome resulting from extensive operative resection of the SMALL INTESTINE, the absorptive region of the GASTROINTESTINAL TRACT.	0	2.02	1	0
Atopic Hypersensitivity [description not available]	0	3.1	5	0
Diffuse Parenchymal Lung Disease [description not available]	0	2.43	2	0
Alveolar Proteinoses, Pulmonary [description not available]	0	2.02	1	0
Pulmonary Alveolar Proteinosis A PULMONARY ALVEOLI-filling disease, characterized by dense phospholipoproteinaceous deposits in the alveoli, cough, and DYSPNEA. This disease is often related to, congenital or acquired, impaired processing of PULMONARY SURFACTANTS by alveolar macrophages, a process dependent on GRANULOCYTE-MACROPHAGE COLONY-STIMULATING FACTOR.	0	2.02	1	0
Lung Diseases, Interstitial A diverse group of lung diseases that affect the lung parenchyma. They are characterized by an initial inflammation of PULMONARY ALVEOLI that extends to the interstitium and beyond leading to diffuse PULMONARY FIBROSIS. Interstitial lung diseases are classified by their etiology (known or unknown causes), and radiological-pathological features.	0	2.43	2	0
Diseases, Occupational [description not available]	0	2.69	3	0
Familial Hypobetalipoproteinemia [description not available]	0	2.02	1	0
Hypobetalipoproteinemias Conditions with abnormally low levels of BETA-LIPOPROTEINS (low density lipoproteins or LDL) in the blood. It is defined as LDL values equal to or less than the 5th percentile for the population. They include the autosomal dominant form involving mutation of the APOLIPOPROTEINS B gene, and the autosomal recessive form involving mutation of the microsomal triglyceride transfer protein. All are characterized by low LDL and dietary fat malabsorption.	0	2.02	1	0
Paraparesis Mild to moderate loss of bilateral lower extremity motor function, which may be a manifestation of SPINAL CORD DISEASES; PERIPHERAL NERVOUS SYSTEM DISEASES; MUSCULAR DISEASES; INTRACRANIAL HYPERTENSION; parasagittal brain lesions; and other conditions.	0	2.02	1	0
Demineralization, Tooth [description not available]	0	2.7	3	0
Injuries, Multiple [description not available]	0	2.02	1	0
Kidney Stones [description not available]	0	2.39	2	0
Kidney Calculi Stones in the KIDNEY, usually formed in the urine-collecting area of the kidney (KIDNEY PELVIS). Their sizes vary and most contains CALCIUM OXALATE.	0	2.39	2	0
Neoplasms, Nervous System [description not available]	0	2.4	2	0
Dysarthosis [description not available]	0	2.02	1	0
Apraxia [description not available]	0	2.02	1	0
Cranial Nerve III Diseases [description not available]	0	2.02	1	0
Apraxias A group of cognitive disorders characterized by the inability to perform previously learned skills that cannot be attributed to deficits of motor or sensory function. The two major subtypes of this condition are ideomotor (see APRAXIA, IDEOMOTOR) and ideational apraxia, which refers to loss of the ability to mentally formulate the processes involved with performing an action. For example, dressing apraxia may result from an inability to mentally formulate the act of placing clothes on the body. Apraxias are generally associated with lesions of the dominant PARIETAL LOBE and supramarginal gyrus. (From Adams et al., Principles of Neurology, 6th ed, pp56-7)	0	2.02	1	0
Albuminuria The presence of albumin in the urine, an indicator of KIDNEY DISEASES.	0	2.41	2	0
Cardiomyopathy, Restrictive A form of CARDIAC MUSCLE disease in which the ventricular walls are excessively rigid, impeding ventricular filling. It is marked by reduced diastolic volume of either or both ventricles but normal or nearly normal systolic function. It may be idiopathic or associated with other diseases (ENDOMYOCARDIAL FIBROSIS or AMYLOIDOSIS) causing interstitial fibrosis.	0	2.02	1	0
Angiitis, Central Nervous System [description not available]	0	2.02	1	0
Bile Duct Obstruction, Intrahepatic [description not available]	0	2.02	1	0
Cholestasis, Intrahepatic Impairment of bile flow due to injury to the HEPATOCYTES; BILE CANALICULI; or the intrahepatic bile ducts (BILE DUCTS, INTRAHEPATIC).	0	2.02	1	0
B-K Mole Syndrome [description not available]	0	2.02	1	0
Dysplastic Nevus Syndrome Clinically atypical nevi (usually exceeding 5 mm in diameter and having variable pigmentation and ill defined borders) with an increased risk for development of non-familial cutaneous malignant melanoma. Biopsies show melanocytic dysplasia. Nevi are clinically and histologically identical to the precursor lesions for melanoma in the B-K mole syndrome. (Stedman, 25th ed)	0	2.02	1	0
Poisoning, Mercury [description not available]	0	4.08	3	0
Mercury Poisoning Poisoning that results from chronic or acute ingestion, injection, inhalation, or skin absorption of MERCURY or MERCURY COMPOUNDS.	0	4.08	3	0
Infections, Listeria [description not available]	0	2.94	1	0
Familial Turner Syndrome [description not available]	0	2.02	1	0
Noonan Syndrome A genetically heterogeneous, multifaceted disorder characterized by short stature, webbed neck, ptosis, skeletal malformations, hypertelorism, hormonal imbalance, CRYPTORCHIDISM, multiple cardiac abnormalities (most commonly including PULMONARY VALVE STENOSIS), and some degree of INTELLECTUAL DISABILITY. The phenotype bears similarities to that of TURNER SYNDROME that occurs only in females and has its basis in a 45, X karyotype abnormality. Noonan syndrome occurs in both males and females with a normal karyotype (46,XX and 46,XY). Mutations in a several genes (PTPN11, KRAS, SOS1, NF1 and RAF1) have been associated the NS phenotype. Mutations in PTPN11 are the most common. LEOPARD SYNDROME, a disorder that has clinical features overlapping those of Noonan Syndrome, is also due to mutations in PTPN11. In addition, there is overlap with the syndrome called neurofibromatosis-Noonan syndrome due to mutations in NF1.	0	2.02	1	0
Central Nervous System Origin Vertigo [description not available]	0	2.4	2	0
Vertigo An illusion of movement, either of the external world revolving around the individual or of the individual revolving in space. Vertigo may be associated with disorders of the inner ear (EAR, INNER); VESTIBULAR NERVE; BRAINSTEM; or CEREBRAL CORTEX. Lesions in the TEMPORAL LOBE and PARIETAL LOBE may be associated with FOCAL SEIZURES that may feature vertigo as an ictal manifestation. (From Adams et al., Principles of Neurology, 6th ed, pp300-1)	0	2.4	2	0
Cancer of Eye [description not available]	0	2.02	1	0
EBS-DM [description not available]	0	2.69	3	0
Epidermolysis Bullosa Simplex A form of epidermolysis bullosa characterized by serous bullae that heal without scarring. Mutations in the genes that encode KERATIN-5 and KERATIN-14 have been associated with several subtypes of epidermolysis bullosa simplex.	0	2.69	3	0
Placental Abruption [description not available]	0	2.42	2	0
Abruptio Placentae Premature separation of the normally implanted PLACENTA from the UTERUS. Signs of varying degree of severity include UTERINE BLEEDING, uterine MUSCLE HYPERTONIA, and FETAL DISTRESS or FETAL DEATH.	0	2.42	2	0
Chromosome-Defective Micronuclei [description not available]	0	2.02	1	0
Hay Fever [description not available]	0	2.72	3	0
Rhinitis, Allergic, Seasonal Allergic rhinitis that occurs at the same time every year. It is characterized by acute CONJUNCTIVITIS with lacrimation and ITCHING, and regarded as an allergic condition triggered by specific ALLERGENS.	0	2.72	3	0
Alobar Holoprosencephaly [description not available]	0	2.41	2	0
Rhabdomyolysis Necrosis or disintegration of skeletal muscle often followed by myoglobinuria.	0	2.41	2	0
Foot Diseases Anatomical and functional disorders affecting the foot.	0	2.02	1	0
American Trypanosomiasis [description not available]	0	2.03	1	0
Chagas Disease Infection with the protozoan parasite TRYPANOSOMA CRUZI, a form of TRYPANOSOMIASIS endemic in Central and South America. It is named after the Brazilian physician Carlos Chagas, who discovered the parasite. Infection by the parasite (positive serologic result only) is distinguished from the clinical manifestations that develop years later, such as destruction of PARASYMPATHETIC GANGLIA; CHAGAS CARDIOMYOPATHY; and dysfunction of the ESOPHAGUS or COLON.	0	2.03	1	0
Animal Diseases Diseases that occur in VERTEBRATE animals.	0	2.95	1	0
Craniofacial Dysarthrosis [description not available]	0	2.03	1	0
Glycine Encephalopathy [description not available]	0	3.33	2	0
Familial Precocious Puberty [description not available]	0	3.35	2	0
Puberty, Precocious Development of SEXUAL MATURATION in boys and girls at a chronological age that is 2.5 standard deviations below the mean age at onset of PUBERTY in the population. This early maturation of the hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal axis results in sexual precocity, elevated serum levels of GONADOTROPINS and GONADAL STEROID HORMONES such as ESTRADIOL and TESTOSTERONE.	0	3.35	2	0
Colitis Inflammation of the COLON section of the large intestine (INTESTINE, LARGE), usually with symptoms such as DIARRHEA (often with blood and mucus), ABDOMINAL PAIN, and FEVER.	0	2.44	2	0
Cranial Nerve X Injury [description not available]	0	2.03	1	0
Cyanosis A bluish or purplish discoloration of the skin and mucous membranes due to an increase in the amount of deoxygenated hemoglobin in the blood or a structural defect in the hemoglobin molecule.	0	2.03	1	0
Bronchospasm, Exercise-Induced [description not available]	0	2.94	1	0
Asthma, Exercise-Induced Asthma attacks following a period of exercise. Usually the induced attack is short-lived and regresses spontaneously. The magnitude of postexertional airway obstruction is strongly influenced by the environment in which exercise is performed (i.e. inhalation of cold air during physical exertion markedly augments the severity of the airway obstruction; conversely, warm humid air blunts or abolishes it).	0	2.94	1	0
Autoimmune Demyelinating Diseases, Central Nervous System [description not available]	0	2.03	1	0
Rhinitis, Allergic, Nonseasonal [description not available]	0	2.43	2	0
Rhinitis, Allergic, Perennial Inflammation of the mucous membrane of the nose similar to that found in hay fever except that symptoms persist throughout the year. The causes are usually air-borne allergens, particularly dusts, feathers, molds, animal fur, etc.	0	2.43	2	0
ACL Injuries [description not available]	0	2.03	1	0
Injuries, Knee [description not available]	0	2.42	2	0
Knee Injuries Injuries to the knee or the knee joint.	0	2.42	2	0
Experimental Leukemia [description not available]	0	3.23	6	0
Infections, Retroviridae [description not available]	0	2.7	3	0
Fibroma, Shope [description not available]	0	2.92	4	0
Retroviridae Infections Virus diseases caused by the RETROVIRIDAE.	0	2.7	3	0
Congenital Hypocupremia [description not available]	0	2.94	1	0
Menkes Kinky Hair Syndrome An inherited disorder of copper metabolism transmitted as an X-linked trait and characterized by the infantile onset of HYPOTHERMIA, feeding difficulties, hypotonia, SEIZURES, bony deformities, pili torti (twisted hair), and severely impaired intellectual development. Defective copper transport across plasma and endoplasmic reticulum membranes results in copper being unavailable for the synthesis of several copper containing enzymes, including PROTEIN-LYSINE 6-OXIDASE; CERULOPLASMIN; and SUPEROXIDE DISMUTASE. Pathologic changes include defects in arterial elastin, neuronal loss, and gliosis. (From Menkes, Textbook of Child Neurology, 5th ed, p125)	0	2.94	1	0
A-V Dissociation [description not available]	0	2.03	1	0
Dissecting Vertebral Artery Aneurysm [description not available]	0	2.03	1	0
Amputation, Traumatic Loss of a limb or other bodily appendage by accidental injury.	0	3.42	1	1
Phantom Limb Perception of painful and nonpainful phantom sensations that occur following the complete or partial loss of a limb. The majority of individuals with an amputated extremity will experience the impression that the limb is still present, and in many cases, painful. (From Neurol Clin 1998 Nov;16(4):919-36; Brain 1998 Sep;121(Pt 9):1603-30)	0	3.42	1	1
Aortic Stenosis [description not available]	0	3.41	1	1
Aortic Valve Stenosis A pathological constriction that can occur above (supravalvular stenosis), below (subvalvular stenosis), or at the AORTIC VALVE. It is characterized by restricted outflow from the LEFT VENTRICLE into the AORTA.	0	3.41	1	1
Failure to Thrive A condition of substandard growth or diminished capacity to maintain normal function.	0	2.03	1	0
Attention Deficit and Disruptive Behavioral Disorders [description not available]	0	3.41	1	1
Attention Deficit and Disruptive Behavior Disorders Includes two similar disorders: oppositional defiant disorder and CONDUCT DISORDERS. Symptoms occurring in children with these disorders include: defiance of authority figures, angry outbursts, and other antisocial behaviors.	0	3.41	1	1
Airway Obstruction Any hindrance to the passage of air into and out of the lungs.	0	2.03	1	0
Complications, Labor [description not available]	0	2.94	1	0
Ganglion Cysts Nodular tumor-like lesions or mucoid flesh, arising from tendon sheaths, LIGAMENTS, or JOINT CAPSULE, especially of the hands, wrists, or feet. They are not true cysts as they lack epithelial wall. They are distinguished from SYNOVIAL CYSTS by the lack of communication with a joint cavity or the SYNOVIAL MEMBRANE.	0	2.03	1	0
Myotonia Prolonged failure of muscle relaxation after contraction. This may occur after voluntary contractions, muscle percussion, or electrical stimulation of the muscle. Myotonia is a characteristic feature of MYOTONIC DISORDERS.	0	2.03	1	0
Batten Turner Congenital Myopathy [description not available]	0	2.03	1	0
Limb-Girdle Muscular Dystrophies [description not available]	0	2.03	1	0
Muscular Dystrophies, Limb-Girdle A heterogenous group of inherited muscular dystrophy that can be autosomal dominant or autosomal recessive. There are many forms (called LGMDs) involving genes encoding muscle membrane proteins such as the sarcoglycan (SARCOGLYCANS) complex that interacts with DYSTROPHIN. The disease is characterized by progressing wasting and weakness of the proximal muscles of arms and legs around the HIPS and SHOULDERS (the pelvic and shoulder girdles).	0	2.03	1	0
Foreign-Body Granuloma [description not available]	0	2.03	1	0
Erythema Redness of the skin produced by congestion of the capillaries. This condition may result from a variety of disease processes.	0	2.41	2	0
AIDS, Feline [description not available]	0	2.91	4	0
AIDS Arteritis, Central Nervous System Inflammation of ARTERIES in the CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM that occurs in patients with ACQUIRED IMMUNODEFICIENCY SYNDROME or AIDS-RELATED OPPORTUNISTIC INFECTIONS.	0	2	1	0
Pericementitis [description not available]	0	2.43	2	0
Periodontitis Inflammation and loss of connective tissues supporting or surrounding the teeth. This may involve any part of the PERIODONTIUM. Periodontitis is currently classified by disease progression (CHRONIC PERIODONTITIS; AGGRESSIVE PERIODONTITIS) instead of age of onset. (From 1999 International Workshop for a Classification of Periodontal Diseases and Conditions, American Academy of Periodontology)	0	2.43	2	0
Gyrate Atrophy Progressive, autosomal recessive, diffuse atrophy of the choroid, pigment epithelium, and sensory retina that begins in childhood.	0	2.03	1	0
Water-Electrolyte Imbalance Disturbances in the body's WATER-ELECTROLYTE BALANCE.	0	2	1	0
Proteinuria The presence of proteins in the urine, an indicator of KIDNEY DISEASES.	0	2.03	1	0
Flaccid Quadriplegia [description not available]	0	2.03	1	0
Endolymphatic Hydrops An accumulation of ENDOLYMPH in the inner ear (LABYRINTH) leading to buildup of pressure and distortion of intralabyrinthine structures, such as COCHLEA and SEMICIRCULAR CANALS. It is characterized by SENSORINEURAL HEARING LOSS; TINNITUS; and sometimes VERTIGO.	0	2.44	2	0
Bullous Congenital Ichthyosiform Erythroderma [description not available]	0	2.7	3	0
Alcoholic Liver Diseases [description not available]	0	2.4	2	0
Liver Diseases, Alcoholic Liver diseases associated with ALCOHOLISM. It usually refers to the coexistence of two or more subentities, i.e., ALCOHOLIC FATTY LIVER; ALCOHOLIC HEPATITIS; and ALCOHOLIC CIRRHOSIS.	0	2.4	2	0
Luft Disease [description not available]	0	2.69	3	0
Mitochondrial Myopathies A group of muscle diseases associated with abnormal mitochondria function.	0	2.69	3	0
Diseases, Peripheral Vascular [description not available]	0	2.41	2	0
Peripheral Vascular Diseases Pathological processes involving any one of the BLOOD VESSELS in the vasculature outside the HEART.	0	2.41	2	0
Child Behavior Disorders Disturbances considered to be pathological based on age and stage appropriateness, e.g., conduct disturbances and anaclitic depression. This concept does not include psychoneuroses, psychoses, or personality disorders with fixed patterns.	0	2.03	1	0
Auditory Processing Disorder, Central [description not available]	0	2.03	1	0
Ear Diseases Pathological processes of the ear, the hearing, and the equilibrium system of the body.	0	2.95	1	0
Deafness-Retinitis Pigmentosa Syndrome [description not available]	0	2.03	1	0
Bone Cysts Benign unilocular lytic areas in the proximal end of a long bone with well defined and narrow endosteal margins. The cysts contain fluid and the cyst walls may contain some giant cells. Bone cysts usually occur in males between the ages 3-15 years.	0	2.03	1	0
Chondrodystrophic Myotonia [description not available]	0	2.03	1	0
Spondylisthesis [description not available]	0	2.03	1	0
Acute Hypercapnic Respiratory Failure [description not available]	0	4.02	5	0
Breathing Sounds [description not available]	0	6.12	6	0
Respiratory Insufficiency Failure to adequately provide oxygen to cells of the body and to remove excess carbon dioxide from them. (Stedman, 25th ed)	0	4.02	5	0
Respiratory Sounds Noises, normal and abnormal, heard on auscultation over any part of the RESPIRATORY TRACT.	0	6.12	6	0
Froehlich's Syndrome [description not available]	0	3.31	2	0
Infections, Pneumococcal [description not available]	0	2.03	1	0
Pneumococcal Infections Infections with bacteria of the species STREPTOCOCCUS PNEUMONIAE.	0	2.03	1	0
Adhesions, Tissue [description not available]	0	2.42	2	0
Complication, Intraoperative [description not available]	0	2.7	3	0
Cardiac Output, Low A state of subnormal or depressed cardiac output at rest or during stress. It is a characteristic of CARDIOVASCULAR DISEASES, including congenital, valvular, rheumatic, hypertensive, coronary, and cardiomyopathic. The serious form of low cardiac output is characterized by marked reduction in STROKE VOLUME, and systemic vasoconstriction resulting in cold, pale, and sometimes cyanotic extremities.	0	4.99	3	1
Anterior Optic Neuritis [description not available]	0	2.03	1	0
Optic Neuritis Inflammation of the optic nerve. Commonly associated conditions include autoimmune disorders such as MULTIPLE SCLEROSIS, infections, and granulomatous diseases. Clinical features include retro-orbital pain that is aggravated by eye movement, loss of color vision, and contrast sensitivity that may progress to severe visual loss, an afferent pupillary defect (Marcus-Gunn pupil), and in some instances optic disc hyperemia and swelling. Inflammation may occur in the portion of the nerve within the globe (neuropapillitis or anterior optic neuritis) or the portion behind the globe (retrobulbar neuritis or posterior optic neuritis).	0	2.03	1	0
Anodontia Congenital absence of the teeth; it may involve all (total anodontia) or only some of the teeth (partial anodontia, hypodontia), and both the deciduous and the permanent dentition, or only teeth of the permanent dentition. (Dorland, 27th ed)	0	2.03	1	0
Charcot-Marie-Tooth Disease, Demyelinating, Type 4f [description not available]	0	2.03	1	0
Elevated Cholesterol [description not available]	0	2.03	1	0
Hypercholesterolemia A condition with abnormally high levels of CHOLESTEROL in the blood. It is defined as a cholesterol value exceeding the 95th percentile for the population.	0	2.03	1	0
Lower Extremity Weakness, Spastic [description not available]	0	2.95	1	0
Deficiency, Factor 10 [description not available]	0	2.4	2	0
Factor X Deficiency Blood coagulation disorder usually inherited as an autosomal recessive trait, though it can be acquired. It is characterized by defective activity in both the intrinsic and extrinsic pathways, impaired thromboplastin time, and impaired prothrombin consumption.	0	2.4	2	0
B Virus Infection [description not available]	0	2.03	1	0
Hematoma, Subdural Accumulation of blood in the SUBDURAL SPACE between the DURA MATER and the arachnoidal layer of the MENINGES. This condition primarily occurs over the surface of a CEREBRAL HEMISPHERE, but may develop in the spinal canal (HEMATOMA, SUBDURAL, SPINAL). Subdural hematoma can be classified as the acute or the chronic form, with immediate or delayed symptom onset, respectively. Symptoms may include loss of consciousness, severe HEADACHE, and deteriorating mental status.	0	3.37	7	0
Dental Fissure [description not available]	0	3.83	2	1
Amnesia, Pre-Ictal [description not available]	0	2.03	1	0
Analgesic Overuse Headache [description not available]	0	2.03	1	0
Classical Niemann-Pick Disease [description not available]	0	2.03	1	0
Niemann-Pick Disease, Type A The classic infantile form of Niemann-Pick Disease, caused by mutation in SPHINGOMYELIN PHOSPHODIESTERASE. It is characterized by accumulation of SPHINGOMYELINS in the cells of the MONONUCLEAR PHAGOCYTE SYSTEM and other cell throughout the body leading to cell death. Clinical signs include JAUNDICE, hepatosplenomegaly, and severe brain damage.	0	2.03	1	0
Acute Necrotizing Encephalitis, Herpetic [description not available]	0	2.03	1	0
Encephalitis, Herpes Simplex An acute (or rarely chronic) inflammatory process of the brain caused by SIMPLEXVIRUS infections which may be fatal. The majority of infections are caused by human herpesvirus 1 (HERPESVIRUS 1, HUMAN) and less often by human herpesvirus 2 (HERPESVIRUS 2, HUMAN). Clinical manifestations include FEVER; HEADACHE; SEIZURES; HALLUCINATIONS; behavioral alterations; APHASIA; hemiparesis; and COMA. Pathologically, the condition is marked by a hemorrhagic necrosis involving the medial and inferior TEMPORAL LOBE and orbital regions of the FRONTAL LOBE. (From Adams et al., Principles of Neurology, 6th ed, pp751-4)	0	2.03	1	0
Canine Distemper [description not available]	0	2.03	1	0
Cancer of Rectum [description not available]	0	3.78	2	1
Rectal Neoplasms Tumors or cancer of the RECTUM.	0	3.78	2	1
Epiretinal Membrane A membrane on the vitreal surface of the retina resulting from the proliferation of one or more of three retinal elements: (1) fibrous astrocytes; (2) fibrocytes; and (3) RETINAL PIGMENT EPITHELIUM. Localized epiretinal membranes may occur at the posterior pole of the eye without clinical signs or may cause marked loss of vision as a result of covering, distorting, or detaching the FOVEA CENTRALIS. Epiretinal membranes may cause vascular leakage and secondary retinal edema. In younger individuals some membranes appear to be developmental in origin and occur in otherwise normal eyes. The majority occur in association with RETINAL HOLES, ocular concussions, retinal inflammation, or after ocular surgery. (Newell, Ophthalmology: Principles and Concepts, 7th ed, p291)	0	2.03	1	0
Hemorrhage, Vitreous [description not available]	0	2.03	1	0
Vitreous Hemorrhage Hemorrhage into the VITREOUS BODY.	0	2.03	1	0
Choked Disk [description not available]	0	2.03	1	0
Papilledema Swelling of the OPTIC DISK, usually in association with increased intracranial pressure, characterized by hyperemia, blurring of the disk margins, microhemorrhages, blind spot enlargement, and engorgement of retinal veins. Chronic papilledema may cause OPTIC ATROPHY and visual loss. (Miller et al., Clinical Neuro-Ophthalmology, 4th ed, p175)	0	2.03	1	0
Mononeuritis [description not available]	0	2.03	1	0
Mononeuropathies Disease or trauma involving a single peripheral nerve in isolation, or out of proportion to evidence of diffuse peripheral nerve dysfunction. Mononeuropathy multiplex refers to a condition characterized by multiple isolated nerve injuries. Mononeuropathies may result from a wide variety of causes, including ISCHEMIA; traumatic injury; compression; CONNECTIVE TISSUE DISEASES; CUMULATIVE TRAUMA DISORDERS; and other conditions.	0	2.03	1	0
Cyst, Pulmonary Hydatid [description not available]	0	4.9	4	0
Tricuspid Incompetence [description not available]	0	4.9	4	0
Microphthalmia [description not available]	0	2.03	1	0
Keratoconus A noninflammatory, usually bilateral protrusion of the cornea, the apex being displaced downward and nasally. It occurs most commonly in females at about puberty. The cause is unknown but hereditary factors may play a role. The -conus refers to the cone shape of the corneal protrusion. (From Dorland, 27th ed)	0	2.03	1	0
Coronary Artery Stenosis [description not available]	0	2.43	2	0
Coronary Stenosis Narrowing or constriction of a coronary artery.	0	2.43	2	0
Proliferative Vitreoretinopathy [description not available]	0	2.04	1	0
Vitreoretinopathy, Proliferative Vitreoretinal membrane shrinkage or contraction secondary to the proliferation of primarily retinal pigment epithelial cells and glial cells, particularly fibrous astrocytes, followed by membrane formation. The formation of fibrillar collagen and cellular proliferation appear to be the basis for the contractile properties of the epiretinal and vitreous membranes.	0	2.04	1	0
Laurence-Moon-Bardet-Biedl Syndrome [description not available]	0	2.04	1	0
Bardet-Biedl Syndrome An autosomal recessive disorder characterized by RETINITIS PIGMENTOSA; POLYDACTYLY; OBESITY; MENTAL RETARDATION; hypogenitalism; renal dysplasia; and short stature. This syndrome has been distinguished as a separate entity from LAURENCE-MOON SYNDROME. (From J Med Genet 1997 Feb;34(2):92-8)	0	2.04	1	0
Degenerative Disease, Nervous System, Hereditary [description not available]	0	2.04	1	0
Anterior Ischemic Optic Neuropathy [description not available]	0	2.42	2	0
Optic Neuropathy, Ischemic Ischemic injury to the OPTIC NERVE which usually affects the OPTIC DISK (optic neuropathy, anterior ischemic) and less frequently the retrobulbar portion of the nerve (optic neuropathy, posterior ischemic). The injury results from occlusion of arterial blood supply which may result from TEMPORAL ARTERITIS; ATHEROSCLEROSIS; COLLAGEN DISEASES; EMBOLISM; DIABETES MELLITUS; and other conditions. The disease primarily occurs in the sixth decade or later and presents with the sudden onset of painless and usually severe monocular visual loss. Anterior ischemic optic neuropathy also features optic disk edema with microhemorrhages. The optic disk appears normal in posterior ischemic optic neuropathy. (Glaser, Neuro-Ophthalmology, 2nd ed, p135)	0	2.42	2	0
Autokinetic Effect [description not available]	0	3.43	1	1
Allergy, Egg [description not available]	0	2.04	1	0
Central Diabetes Insipidus [description not available]	0	2.04	1	0
Diabetes Insipidus, Neurogenic A genetic or acquired polyuric disorder caused by a deficiency of VASOPRESSINS secreted by the NEUROHYPOPHYSIS. Clinical signs include the excretion of large volumes of dilute URINE; HYPERNATREMIA; THIRST; and polydipsia. Etiologies include HEAD TRAUMA; surgeries and diseases involving the HYPOTHALAMUS and the PITUITARY GLAND. This disorder may also be caused by mutations of genes such as ARVP encoding vasopressin and its corresponding neurophysin (NEUROPHYSINS).	0	2.04	1	0
Adrenal Gland Diseases Pathological processes of the ADRENAL GLANDS.	0	2.04	1	0
Cataleptic Attacks [description not available]	0	2.04	1	0
Carcinoma, Ductal, Breast An invasive (infiltrating) CARCINOMA of the mammary ductal system (MAMMARY GLANDS) in the human BREAST.	0	2.42	2	0
Enterotoxemia Disease caused by the liberation of exotoxins of CLOSTRIDIUM PERFRINGENS in the intestines of sheep, goats, cattle, foals, and piglets. Type B enterotoxemia in lambs is lamb dysentery; type C enterotoxemia in mature sheep produces struck, and in calves, lambs and piglets it produces hemorrhagic enterotoxemia; type D enterotoxemia in sheep and goats is pulpy-kidney disease or overeating disease.	0	2.04	1	0
Agyria [description not available]	0	2.96	1	0
Groenblad-Strandberg Syndrome [description not available]	0	2.04	1	0
Pseudoxanthoma Elasticum An inherited disorder of connective tissue with extensive degeneration and calcification of ELASTIC TISSUE primarily in the skin, eye, and vasculature. At least two forms exist, autosomal recessive and autosomal dominant. This disorder is caused by mutations of one of the ATP-BINDING CASSETTE TRANSPORTERS. Patients are predisposed to MYOCARDIAL INFARCTION and GASTROINTESTINAL HEMORRHAGE.	0	2.04	1	0
Neurocutaneous Disorders [description not available]	0	2.04	1	0
Experimental Hepatoma [description not available]	0	4.68	11	0
Ewing Sarcoma [description not available]	0	1.96	1	0
Sarcoma, Ewing A malignant tumor of the bone which always arises in the medullary tissue, occurring more often in cylindrical bones. The tumor occurs usually before the age of 20, about twice as frequently in males as in females.	0	1.96	1	0
Soft Tissue Neoplasms Neoplasms of whatever cell type or origin, occurring in the extraskeletal connective tissue framework of the body including the organs of locomotion and their various component structures, such as nerves, blood vessels, lymphatics, etc.	0	2.36	2	0
Rhabdomyosarcoma A malignant solid tumor arising from mesenchymal tissues which normally differentiate to form striated muscle. It can occur in a wide variety of sites. It is divided into four distinct types: pleomorphic, predominantly in male adults; alveolar (RHABDOMYOSARCOMA, ALVEOLAR), mainly in adolescents and young adults; embryonal (RHABDOMYOSARCOMA, EMBRYONAL), predominantly in infants and children; and botryoidal, also in young children. It is one of the most frequently occurring soft tissue sarcomas and the most common in children under 15. (From Dorland, 27th ed; Holland et al., Cancer Medicine, 3d ed, p2186; DeVita Jr et al., Cancer: Principles & Practice of Oncology, 3d ed, pp1647-9)	0	1.96	1	0
Silicosis A form of pneumoconiosis resulting from inhalation of dust containing crystalline form of SILICON DIOXIDE, usually in the form of quartz. Amorphous silica is relatively nontoxic.	0	2.88	4	0
Acute Kidney Tubular Necrosis [description not available]	0	1.96	1	0
Kidney Tubular Necrosis, Acute Acute kidney failure resulting from destruction of EPITHELIAL CELLS of the KIDNEY TUBULES. It is commonly attributed to exposure to toxic agents or renal ISCHEMIA following severe TRAUMA.	0	1.96	1	0
Acidosis, Renal Tubular, Type I [description not available]	0	2.66	3	0
Acidosis, Renal Tubular A group of genetic disorders of the KIDNEY TUBULES characterized by the accumulation of metabolically produced acids with elevated plasma chloride, hyperchloremic metabolic ACIDOSIS. Defective renal acidification of URINE (proximal tubules) or low renal acid excretion (distal tubules) can lead to complications such as HYPOKALEMIA, hypercalcinuria with NEPHROLITHIASIS and NEPHROCALCINOSIS, and RICKETS.	0	2.66	3	0
Ganglioside Storage Diseases [description not available]	0	3.28	2	0
Gangliosidoses A group of autosomal recessive lysosomal storage disorders marked by the accumulation of GANGLIOSIDES. They are caused by impaired enzymes or defective cofactors required for normal ganglioside degradation in the LYSOSOMES. Gangliosidoses are classified by the specific ganglioside accumulated in the defective degradation pathway.	0	3.28	2	0
Hutchinson Gilford Progeria Syndrome [description not available]	0	1.96	1	0
Progeria An abnormal congenital condition, associated with defects in the LAMIN TYPE A gene, which is characterized by premature aging in children, where all the changes of cell senescence occur. It is manifested by premature graying; hair loss; hearing loss (DEAFNESS); cataracts (CATARACT); ARTHRITIS; OSTEOPOROSIS; DIABETES MELLITUS; atrophy of subcutaneous fat; skeletal hypoplasia; elevated urinary HYALURONIC ACID; and accelerated ATHEROSCLEROSIS. Many affected individuals develop malignant tumors, especially SARCOMA.	0	1.96	1	0
Deficiency, Factor II [description not available]	0	2.88	4	0
Poisoning, Fluoride [description not available]	0	2.37	2	0
Fluoride Poisoning Poisoning that results from chronic or acute ingestion, injection, inhalation, or skin absorption of FLUORIDE compounds.	0	2.37	2	0
Autonomic Failure, Progressive [description not available]	0	1.96	1	0
Low Bone Density [description not available]	0	2.38	2	0
Bone Diseases, Metabolic Diseases that affect the METABOLIC PROCESSES of BONE TISSUE.	0	2.38	2	0
Carcinoma, Colloid [description not available]	0	1.96	1	0
Cancer of Intestines [description not available]	0	1.96	1	0
Adenocarcinoma, Mucinous An adenocarcinoma producing mucin in significant amounts. (From Dorland, 27th ed)	0	1.96	1	0
Intestinal Neoplasms Tumors or cancer of the INTESTINES.	0	1.96	1	0
Carcinoma, Thymic [description not available]	0	2.37	2	0
Cancer of the Thymus [description not available]	0	1.96	1	0
Thymoma A neoplasm originating from thymic tissue, usually benign, and frequently encapsulated. Although it is occasionally invasive, metastases are extremely rare. It consists of any type of thymic epithelial cell as well as lymphocytes that are usually abundant. Malignant lymphomas that involve the thymus, e.g., lymphosarcoma, Hodgkin's disease (previously termed granulomatous thymoma), should not be regarded as thymoma. (From Stedman, 25th ed)	0	2.37	2	0
Thymus Neoplasms Tumors or cancer of the THYMUS GLAND.	0	1.96	1	0
Paralysis, Legs [description not available]	0	2.67	3	0
Paraplegia Severe or complete loss of motor function in the lower extremities and lower portions of the trunk. This condition is most often associated with SPINAL CORD DISEASES, although BRAIN DISEASES; PERIPHERAL NERVOUS SYSTEM DISEASES; NEUROMUSCULAR DISEASES; and MUSCULAR DISEASES may also cause bilateral leg weakness.	0	2.67	3	0
Segond Fracture [description not available]	0	1.96	1	0
Tibial Fractures Fractures of the TIBIA.	0	1.96	1	0
Leukemia P388 An experimental lymphocytic leukemia originally induced in DBA/2 mice by painting with methylcholanthrene.	0	7.38	2	0
Muscular Dystrophy, Animal MUSCULAR DYSTROPHY that occurs in VERTEBRATE animals.	0	2.37	2	0
Coagulation, Disseminated Intravascular [description not available]	0	1.96	1	0
Disseminated Intravascular Coagulation A disorder characterized by procoagulant substances entering the general circulation causing a systemic thrombotic process. The activation of the clotting mechanism may arise from any of a number of disorders. A majority of the patients manifest skin lesions, sometimes leading to PURPURA FULMINANS.	0	1.96	1	0
Dejerine-Thomas Syndrome [description not available]	0	3.36	7	0
Gingivitis Inflammation of gum tissue (GINGIVA) without loss of connective tissue.	0	2.38	2	0
Cardiac Complex, Premature [description not available]	0	2.37	2	0
Alcohol Amnestic Disorder A mental disorder associated with chronic ethanol abuse (ALCOHOLISM) and nutritional deficiencies characterized by short term memory loss, confabulations, and disturbances of attention. (Adams et al., Principles of Neurology, 6th ed, p1139)	0	1.98	1	0
Acantholysis Bullosa [description not available]	0	1.98	1	0
Epidermolysis Bullosa Group of genetically determined disorders characterized by the blistering of skin and mucosae. There are four major forms: acquired, simple, junctional, and dystrophic. Each of the latter three has several varieties.	0	1.98	1	0
Central Pontine Myelinolysis [description not available]	0	1.98	1	0
Deficiency, Muscle Phosphorylase [description not available]	0	2.9	1	0
Glycogen Storage Disease Type V Glycogenosis due to muscle phosphorylase deficiency. Characterized by painful cramps following sustained exercise.	0	2.9	1	0
Dysembryoma [description not available]	0	2.4	2	0
Teratoma A true neoplasm composed of a number of different types of tissue, none of which is native to the area in which it occurs. It is composed of tissues that are derived from three germinal layers, the endoderm, mesoderm, and ectoderm. They are classified histologically as mature (benign) or immature (malignant). (From DeVita Jr et al., Cancer: Principles & Practice of Oncology, 3d ed, p1642)	0	2.4	2	0
Catatonic Rigidity [description not available]	0	2.38	2	0
Muscle Rigidity Continuous involuntary sustained muscle contraction which is often a manifestation of BASAL GANGLIA DISEASES. When an affected muscle is passively stretched, the degree of resistance remains constant regardless of the rate at which the muscle is stretched. This feature helps to distinguish rigidity from MUSCLE SPASTICITY. (From Adams et al., Principles of Neurology, 6th ed, p73)	0	2.38	2	0
Hypocapnia Clinical manifestation consisting of a deficiency of carbon dioxide in arterial blood.	0	2.68	3	0
Antibody Deficiency Syndrome [description not available]	0	4.29	7	0
Immunologic Deficiency Syndromes Syndromes in which there is a deficiency or defect in the mechanisms of immunity, either cellular or humoral.	0	4.29	7	0
B-Cell Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia [description not available]	0	1.98	1	0
Leukemia, Lymphocytic, Chronic, B-Cell A chronic leukemia characterized by abnormal B-lymphocytes and often generalized lymphadenopathy. In patients presenting predominately with blood and bone marrow involvement it is called chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL); in those predominately with enlarged lymph nodes it is called small lymphocytic lymphoma. These terms represent spectrums of the same disease.	0	1.98	1	0
Arterial Diseases, Cerebral [description not available]	0	3.77	2	1
Cerebral Arterial Diseases Pathological conditions of intracranial ARTERIES supplying the CEREBRUM. These diseases often are due to abnormalities or pathological processes in the ANTERIOR CEREBRAL ARTERY; MIDDLE CEREBRAL ARTERY; and POSTERIOR CEREBRAL ARTERY.	0	3.77	2	1
Familial Combined Hyperlipidemia [description not available]	0	2.9	1	0
Hyperlipidemia, Familial Combined A type of familial lipid metabolism disorder characterized by a variable pattern of elevated plasma CHOLESTEROL and/or TRIGLYCERIDES. Multiple genes on different chromosomes may be involved, such as the major late transcription factor (UPSTREAM STIMULATORY FACTORS) on CHROMOSOME 1.	0	2.9	1	0
Glycosuria The appearance of an abnormally large amount of GLUCOSE in the urine, such as more than 500 mg/day in adults. It can be due to HYPERGLYCEMIA or genetic defects in renal reabsorption (RENAL GLYCOSURIA).	0	2.39	2	0
Chondrosarcoma A slowly growing malignant neoplasm derived from cartilage cells, occurring most frequently in pelvic bones or near the ends of long bones, in middle-aged and old people. Most chondrosarcomas arise de novo, but some may develop in a preexisting benign cartilaginous lesion or in patients with ENCHONDROMATOSIS. (Stedman, 25th ed)	0	2.39	2	0
Hibernation, Myocardial [description not available]	0	2.39	2	0
Complex Partial Epilepsy [description not available]	0	5.39	5	1
Epilepsy, Complex Partial A disorder characterized by recurrent partial seizures marked by impairment of cognition. During the seizure the individual may experience a wide variety of psychic phenomenon including formed hallucinations, illusions, deja vu, intense emotional feelings, confusion, and spatial disorientation. Focal motor activity, sensory alterations and AUTOMATISM may also occur. Complex partial seizures often originate from foci in one or both temporal lobes. The etiology may be idiopathic (cryptogenic partial complex epilepsy) or occur as a secondary manifestation of a focal cortical lesion (symptomatic partial complex epilepsy). (From Adams et al., Principles of Neurology, 6th ed, pp317-8)	0	5.39	5	1
Hepatitis B Virus Infection [description not available]	0	1.98	1	0
Caprine Diseases [description not available]	0	1.98	1	0
Hepatitis B INFLAMMATION of the LIVER in humans caused by a member of the ORTHOHEPADNAVIRUS genus, HEPATITIS B VIRUS. It is primarily transmitted by parenteral exposure, such as transfusion of contaminated blood or blood products, but can also be transmitted via sexual or intimate personal contact.	0	1.98	1	0
alpha-Galactosidase A Deficiency [description not available]	0	2.39	2	0
Fabry Disease An X-linked inherited metabolic disease caused by a deficiency of lysosomal ALPHA-GALACTOSIDASE A. It is characterized by intralysosomal accumulation of globotriaosylceramide and other GLYCOSPHINGOLIPIDS in blood vessels throughout the body leading to multi-system complications including renal, cardiac, cerebrovascular, and skin disorders.	0	2.39	2	0
Addison Disease and Cerebral Sclerosis [description not available]	0	1.98	1	0
Adrenoleukodystrophy An X-linked recessive disorder characterized by the accumulation of saturated very long chain fatty acids in the LYSOSOMES of ADRENAL CORTEX and the white matter of CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM. This disease occurs almost exclusively in the males. Clinical features include the childhood onset of ATAXIA; NEUROBEHAVIORAL MANIFESTATIONS; HYPERPIGMENTATION; ADRENAL INSUFFICIENCY; SEIZURES; MUSCLE SPASTICITY; and DEMENTIA. The slowly progressive adult form is called adrenomyeloneuropathy. The defective gene ABCD1 is located at Xq28, and encodes the adrenoleukodystrophy protein (ATP-BINDING CASSETTE TRANSPORTERS).	0	1.98	1	0
ARC [description not available]	0	2.67	3	0
AIDS-Related Complex A prodromal phase of infection with the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). Laboratory criteria separating AIDS-related complex (ARC) from AIDS include elevated or hyperactive B-cell humoral immune responses, compared to depressed or normal antibody reactivity in AIDS; follicular or mixed hyperplasia in ARC lymph nodes, leading to lymphocyte degeneration and depletion more typical of AIDS; evolving succession of histopathological lesions such as localization of Kaposi's sarcoma, signaling the transition to the full-blown AIDS.	0	2.67	3	0
Brittle Bone Disease [description not available]	0	2.4	2	0
Osteogenesis Imperfecta COLLAGEN DISEASES characterized by brittle, osteoporotic, and easily fractured bones. It may also present with blue sclerae, loose joints, and imperfect dentin formation. Most types are autosomal dominant and are associated with mutations in COLLAGEN TYPE I.	0	7.4	2	0
Achlorhydria A lack of HYDROCHLORIC ACID in GASTRIC JUICE despite stimulation of gastric secretion.	0	3.37	1	1
Biliary Cirrhosis [description not available]	0	1.98	1	0
Liver Cirrhosis, Biliary FIBROSIS of the hepatic parenchyma due to obstruction of BILE flow (CHOLESTASIS) in the intrahepatic or extrahepatic bile ducts (BILE DUCTS, INTRAHEPATIC; BILE DUCTS, EXTRAHEPATIC). Primary biliary cholangitis involves the destruction of small intra-hepatic bile ducts and decreased bile secretion. Secondary biliary cholangitis is produced by prolonged obstruction of large intrahepatic or extrahepatic bile ducts from a variety of causes.	0	1.98	1	0
Precordial Catch [description not available]	0	2.39	2	0
Chest Pain Pressure, burning, or numbness in the chest.	0	2.39	2	0
Cerebral Nocardiosis [description not available]	0	1.98	1	0
Emergencies Situations or conditions requiring immediate intervention to avoid serious adverse results.	0	2.9	1	0
Intradural-Extramedullary Spinal Cord Neoplasms [description not available]	0	1.98	1	0
Spinal Cord Neoplasms Benign and malignant neoplasms which occur within the substance of the spinal cord (intramedullary neoplasms) or in the space between the dura and spinal cord (intradural extramedullary neoplasms). The majority of intramedullary spinal tumors are primary CNS neoplasms including ASTROCYTOMA; EPENDYMOMA; and LIPOMA. Intramedullary neoplasms are often associated with SYRINGOMYELIA. The most frequent histologic types of intradural-extramedullary tumors are MENINGIOMA and NEUROFIBROMA.	0	1.98	1	0
Diaphragmatic Paralysis [description not available]	0	2.38	2	0
Experimental High Pressure Neurological Syndrome [description not available]	0	2.67	3	0
Brain Embolism and Thrombosis [description not available]	0	6.14	7	1
Neuroectodermal Tumors Malignant neoplasms arising in the neuroectoderm, the portion of the ectoderm of the early embryo that gives rise to the central and peripheral nervous systems, including some glial cells.	0	1.98	1	0
Erythrocytosis [description not available]	0	1.98	1	0
Christmas Disease [description not available]	0	2.38	2	0
Hemophilia B A deficiency of blood coagulation factor IX inherited as an X-linked disorder. (Also known as Christmas Disease, after the first patient studied in detail, not the holy day.) Historical and clinical features resemble those in classic hemophilia (HEMOPHILIA A), but patients present with fewer symptoms. Severity of bleeding is usually similar in members of a single family. Many patients are asymptomatic until the hemostatic system is stressed by surgery or trauma. Treatment is similar to that for hemophilia A. (From Cecil Textbook of Medicine, 19th ed, p1008)	0	2.38	2	0
Amyloid Neuropathies Disorders of the peripheral nervous system associated with the deposition of AMYLOID in nerve tissue. Familial, primary (nonfamilial), and secondary forms have been described. Some familial subtypes demonstrate an autosomal dominant pattern of inheritance. Clinical manifestations include sensory loss, mild weakness, autonomic dysfunction, and CARPAL TUNNEL SYNDROME. (Adams et al., Principles of Neurology, 6th ed, p1349)	0	2.39	2	0
Deficiency, Protein C [description not available]	0	2.38	2	0
Di Guglielmo Disease [description not available]	0	2.38	2	0
Leukemia, Erythroblastic, Acute A myeloproliferative disorder characterized by neoplastic proliferation of erythroblastic and myeloblastic elements with atypical erythroblasts and myeloblasts in the peripheral blood.	0	2.38	2	0
Neurilemoma [description not available]	0	2.39	2	0
Neurilemmoma A neoplasm that arises from SCHWANN CELLS of the cranial, peripheral, and autonomic nerves. Clinically, these tumors may present as a cranial neuropathy, abdominal or soft tissue mass, intracranial lesion, or with spinal cord compression. Histologically, these tumors are encapsulated, highly vascular, and composed of a homogenous pattern of biphasic fusiform-shaped cells that may have a palisaded appearance. (From DeVita Jr et al., Cancer: Principles and Practice of Oncology, 5th ed, pp964-5)	0	2.39	2	0
Oxaluria, Primary [description not available]	0	2.38	2	0
Hyperoxaluria, Primary A genetic disorder characterized by excretion of large amounts of OXALATES in urine; NEPHROLITHIASIS; NEPHROCALCINOSIS; early onset of RENAL FAILURE; and often a generalized deposit of CALCIUM OXALATE. There are subtypes classified by the enzyme defects in glyoxylate metabolism.	0	2.38	2	0
Hypoproteinemia A condition in which total serum protein level is below the normal range. Hypoproteinemia can be caused by protein malabsorption in the gastrointestinal tract, EDEMA, or PROTEINURIA.	0	1.98	1	0
Abdominal Aortic Aneurysm [description not available]	0	2.38	2	0
Aortic Aneurysm, Ruptured [description not available]	0	1.98	1	0
Aortic Aneurysm, Abdominal An abnormal balloon- or sac-like dilatation in the wall of the ABDOMINAL AORTA which gives rise to the visceral, the parietal, and the terminal (iliac) branches below the aortic hiatus at the diaphragm.	0	2.38	2	0
Neuroleptic Malignant Syndrome A potentially fatal syndrome associated primarily with the use of neuroleptic agents (see ANTIPSYCHOTIC AGENTS) which are in turn associated with dopaminergic receptor blockade (see RECEPTORS, DOPAMINE) in the BASAL GANGLIA and HYPOTHALAMUS, and sympathetic dysregulation. Clinical features include diffuse MUSCLE RIGIDITY; TREMOR; high FEVER; diaphoresis; labile blood pressure; cognitive dysfunction; and autonomic disturbances. Serum CPK level elevation and a leukocytosis may also be present. (From Adams et al., Principles of Neurology, 6th ed, p1199; Psychiatr Serv 1998 Sep;49(9):1163-72)	0	1.98	1	0
Autosomal Recessive Chronic Granulomatous Disease [description not available]	0	1.98	1	0
Granulomatous Disease, Chronic A defect of leukocyte function in which phagocytic cells ingest but fail to digest bacteria, resulting in recurring bacterial infections with granuloma formation. When chronic granulomatous disease is caused by mutations in the CYBB gene, the condition is inherited in an X-linked recessive pattern. When chronic granulomatous disease is caused by CYBA, NCF1, NCF2, or NCF4 gene mutations, the condition is inherited in an autosomal recessive pattern.	0	1.98	1	0
Diabetes Insipidus A disease that is characterized by frequent urination, excretion of large amounts of dilute URINE, and excessive THIRST. Etiologies of diabetes insipidus include deficiency of antidiuretic hormone (also known as ADH or VASOPRESSIN) secreted by the NEUROHYPOPHYSIS, impaired KIDNEY response to ADH, and impaired hypothalamic regulation of thirst.	0	1.98	1	0
Acid-Base Imbalance Disturbances in the ACID-BASE EQUILIBRIUM of the body.	0	1.99	1	0
Hypernatremia Excessive amount of sodium in the blood. (Dorland, 27th ed)	0	2.68	3	0
Parodontosis [description not available]	0	1.98	1	0
Periodontal Diseases Pathological processes involving the PERIODONTIUM including the gum (GINGIVA), the alveolar bone (ALVEOLAR PROCESS), the DENTAL CEMENTUM, and the PERIODONTAL LIGAMENT.	0	1.98	1	0
Cell Transformation, Viral An inheritable change in cells manifested by changes in cell division and growth and alterations in cell surface properties. It is induced by infection with a transforming virus.	0	1.99	1	0
C gattii Infection [description not available]	0	1.99	1	0
Cryptococcosis Fungal infection caused by genus CRYPTOCOCCUS.	0	1.99	1	0
AIDS-Related Opportunistic Infections Opportunistic infections found in patients who test positive for human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). The most common include PNEUMOCYSTIS PNEUMONIA, Kaposi's sarcoma, cryptosporidiosis, herpes simplex, toxoplasmosis, cryptococcosis, and infections with Mycobacterium avium complex, Microsporidium, and Cytomegalovirus.	0	4.34	2	2
Deficiency, Vitamin B 12 [description not available]	0	1.99	1	0
Vitamin B 12 Deficiency A nutritional condition produced by a deficiency of VITAMIN B 12 in the diet, characterized by megaloblastic anemia. Since vitamin B 12 is not present in plants, humans have obtained their supply from animal products, from multivitamin supplements in the form of pills, and as additives to food preparations. A wide variety of neuropsychiatric abnormalities is also seen in vitamin B 12 deficiency and appears to be due to an undefined defect involving myelin synthesis. (From Cecil Textbook of Medicine, 19th ed, p848)	0	1.99	1	0
Infantile Diarrhea [description not available]	0	1.99	1	0
Diarrhea, Infantile DIARRHEA occurring in infants from newborn to 24-months old.	0	1.99	1	0
Cachexia General ill health, malnutrition, and weight loss, usually associated with chronic disease.	0	4.34	2	2
Newcastle Disease An acute febrile, contagious, viral disease of birds caused by an AVULAVIRUS called NEWCASTLE DISEASE VIRUS. It is characterized by respiratory and nervous symptoms in fowl and is transmissible to man causing a severe, but transient conjunctivitis.	0	1.99	1	0
Carcinoma 256, Walker A transplantable carcinoma of the rat that originally appeared spontaneously in the mammary gland of a pregnant albino rat, and which now resembles a carcinoma in young transplants and a sarcoma in older transplants. (Stedman, 25th ed)	0	2.67	3	0
Apolipoprotein C-II Deficiency [description not available]	0	2.39	2	0
Hyperlipoproteinemia Type I An inherited condition due to a deficiency of either LIPOPROTEIN LIPASE or APOLIPOPROTEIN C-II (a lipase-activating protein). The lack of lipase activities results in inability to remove CHYLOMICRONS and TRIGLYCERIDES from the blood which has a creamy top layer after standing.	0	2.39	2	0
Coloboma Congenital anomaly in which some of the structures of the eye are absent due to incomplete fusion of the fetal intraocular fissure during gestation.	0	1.99	1	0
Bulbar Palsy [description not available]	0	3.59	3	0
Extravasation of Contrast Media [description not available]	0	1.99	1	0
Angiohemophilia [description not available]	0	1.99	1	0
von Willebrand Diseases Group of hemorrhagic disorders in which the VON WILLEBRAND FACTOR is either quantitatively or qualitatively abnormal. They are usually inherited as an autosomal dominant trait though rare kindreds are autosomal recessive. Symptoms vary depending on severity and disease type but may include prolonged bleeding time, deficiency of factor VIII, and impaired platelet adhesion.	0	1.99	1	0
Carcinoma, Embryonal A highly malignant, primitive form of carcinoma, probably of germinal cell or teratomatous derivation, usually arising in a gonad and rarely in other sites. It is rare in the female ovary, but in the male it accounts for 20% of all testicular tumors. (From Dorland, 27th ed & Holland et al., Cancer Medicine, 3d ed, p1595)	0	1.99	1	0
Human Adenovirus Infections [description not available]	0	1.99	1	0
Adenovirus Infections, Human Respiratory and conjunctival infections caused by 33 identified serotypes of human adenoviruses.	0	1.99	1	0
Ritter Disease [description not available]	0	2.4	2	0
Carcinoma, Medullary A carcinoma composed mainly of epithelial elements with little or no stroma. Medullary carcinomas of the breast constitute 5%-7% of all mammary carcinomas; medullary carcinomas of the thyroid comprise 3%-10% of all thyroid malignancies. (From Dorland, 27th ed; DeVita Jr et al., Cancer: Principles & Practice of Oncology, 3d ed, p1141; Segen, Dictionary of Modern Medicine, 1992)	0	1.99	1	0
Eclampsia Onset of HYPERREFLEXIA; SEIZURES; or COMA in a previously diagnosed pre-eclamptic patient (PRE-ECLAMPSIA).	0	1.99	1	0
ATLL [description not available]	0	1.99	1	0
Leukemia-Lymphoma, Adult T-Cell Aggressive T-Cell malignancy with adult onset, caused by HUMAN T-LYMPHOTROPIC VIRUS 1. It is endemic in Japan, the Caribbean basin, Southeastern United States, Hawaii, and parts of Central and South America and sub-Saharan Africa.	0	1.99	1	0
Human T-lymphotropic Virus 1 Infection [description not available]	0	2.91	1	0
HTLV-I Infections Diseases caused by HUMAN T-LYMPHOTROPIC VIRUS 1.	0	2.91	1	0
Angor Pectoris [description not available]	0	7.6	9	3
Angina Pectoris The symptom of paroxysmal pain consequent to MYOCARDIAL ISCHEMIA usually of distinctive character, location and radiation. It is thought to be provoked by a transient stressful situation during which the oxygen requirements of the MYOCARDIUM exceed that supplied by the CORONARY CIRCULATION.	0	7.6	9	3
Convalescence The period of recovery following an illness.	0	1.99	1	0
Bagassosis A diffuse parenchymal lung disease caused by inhaled dust from processing SUGARCANE (bagasse), usually in the manufacturing of wallboard.	0	2.38	2	0
Pneumoconiosis A diffuse parenchymal lung disease caused by inhalation of dust and by tissue reaction to their presence. These inorganic, organic, particulate, or vaporized matters usually are inhaled by workers in their occupational environment, leading to the various forms (ASBESTOSIS; BYSSINOSIS; and others). Similar air pollution can also have deleterious effects on the general population.	0	7.38	2	0
Urinary Incontinence Involuntary loss of URINE, such as leaking of urine. It is a symptom of various underlying pathological processes. Major types of incontinence include URINARY URGE INCONTINENCE and URINARY STRESS INCONTINENCE.	0	2.39	2	0
Auditory Hyperesthesia [description not available]	0	1.99	1	0
Conductive Hearing Loss [description not available]	0	1.99	1	0
Plasma Cell Tumor [description not available]	0	1.99	1	0
Plasmacytoma Any discrete, presumably solitary, mass of neoplastic PLASMA CELLS either in BONE MARROW or various extramedullary sites.	0	1.99	1	0
Neuromuscular Blockade The intentional interruption of transmission at the NEUROMUSCULAR JUNCTION by external agents, usually neuromuscular blocking agents. It is distinguished from NERVE BLOCK in which nerve conduction (NEURAL CONDUCTION) is interrupted rather than neuromuscular transmission. Neuromuscular blockade is commonly used to produce MUSCLE RELAXATION as an adjunct to anesthesia during surgery and other medical procedures. It is also often used as an experimental manipulation in basic research. It is not strictly speaking anesthesia but is grouped here with anesthetic techniques. The failure of neuromuscular transmission as a result of pathological processes is not included here.	0	1.99	1	0
Marasmus [description not available]	0	2.38	2	0
Protein-Energy Malnutrition The lack of sufficient energy or protein to meet the body's metabolic demands, as a result of either an inadequate dietary intake of protein, intake of poor quality dietary protein, increased demands due to disease, or increased nutrient losses.	0	2.38	2	0
Eye Cancer, Retinoblastoma [description not available]	0	1.99	1	0
Retinoblastoma A malignant tumor arising from the nuclear layer of the retina that is the most common primary tumor of the eye in children. The tumor tends to occur in early childhood or infancy and may be present at birth. The majority are sporadic, but the condition may be transmitted as an autosomal dominant trait. Histologic features include dense cellularity, small round polygonal cells, and areas of calcification and necrosis. An abnormal pupil reflex (leukokoria); NYSTAGMUS, PATHOLOGIC; STRABISMUS; and visual loss represent common clinical characteristics of this condition. (From DeVita et al., Cancer: Principles and Practice of Oncology, 5th ed, p2104)	0	1.99	1	0
Thalassemias [description not available]	0	2.39	2	0
Thalassemia A group of hereditary hemolytic anemias in which there is decreased synthesis of one or more hemoglobin polypeptide chains. There are several genetic types with clinical pictures ranging from barely detectable hematologic abnormality to severe and fatal anemia.	0	2.39	2	0
Contracture Prolonged shortening of the muscle or other soft tissue around a joint, preventing movement of the joint.	0	1.99	1	0
Aseptic Meningitis [description not available]	0	2.39	2	0
Meningitis, Aseptic A syndrome characterized by headache, neck stiffness, low grade fever, and CSF lymphocytic pleocytosis in the absence of an acute bacterial pathogen. Viral meningitis is the most frequent cause although MYCOPLASMA INFECTIONS; RICKETTSIA INFECTIONS; diagnostic or therapeutic procedures; NEOPLASTIC PROCESSES; septic perimeningeal foci; and other conditions may result in this syndrome. (From Adams et al., Principles of Neurology, 6th ed, p745)	0	2.39	2	0
Headache, Tension [description not available]	0	2.41	2	0
Tension-Type Headache A common primary headache disorder, characterized by a dull, non-pulsatile, diffuse, band-like (or vice-like) PAIN of mild to moderate intensity in the HEAD; SCALP; or NECK. The subtypes are classified by frequency and severity of symptoms. There is no clear cause even though it has been associated with MUSCLE CONTRACTION and stress. (International Classification of Headache Disorders, 2nd ed. Cephalalgia 2004: suppl 1)	0	2.41	2	0
Embolus [description not available]	0	1.99	1	0
Embolism Blocking of a blood vessel by an embolus which can be a blood clot or other undissolved material in the blood stream.	0	1.99	1	0
Choreoathetosis Self-Mutilation Hyperuricemia Syndrome [description not available]	0	1.99	1	0
Lesch-Nyhan Syndrome An inherited disorder transmitted as a sex-linked trait and caused by a deficiency of an enzyme of purine metabolism; HYPOXANTHINE PHOSPHORIBOSYLTRANSFERASE. Affected individuals are normal in the first year of life and then develop psychomotor retardation, extrapyramidal movement disorders, progressive spasticity, and seizures. Self-destructive behaviors such as biting of fingers and lips are seen frequently. Intellectual impairment may also occur but is typically not severe. Elevation of uric acid in the serum leads to the development of renal calculi and gouty arthritis. (Menkes, Textbook of Child Neurology, 5th ed, pp127)	0	1.99	1	0
Bone Diseases Diseases of BONES.	0	3.31	2	0
Herpes Simplex Virus Infection [description not available]	0	1.99	1	0
Herpes Simplex A group of acute infections caused by herpes simplex virus type 1 or type 2 that is characterized by the development of one or more small fluid-filled vesicles with a raised erythematous base on the skin or mucous membrane. It occurs as a primary infection or recurs due to a reactivation of a latent infection. (Dorland, 27th ed.)	0	1.99	1	0
Bladder Disorder, Neurogenic [description not available]	0	2.92	4	0
Urinary Bladder, Neurogenic Dysfunction of the URINARY BLADDER due to disease of the central or peripheral nervous system pathways involved in the control of URINATION. This is often associated with SPINAL CORD DISEASES, but may also be caused by BRAIN DISEASES or PERIPHERAL NERVE DISEASES.	0	2.92	4	0
Neoplasms, Skull Base [description not available]	0	1.99	1	0
Neurofibroma A moderately firm, benign, encapsulated tumor resulting from proliferation of SCHWANN CELLS and FIBROBLASTS that includes portions of nerve fibers. The tumors usually develop along peripheral or cranial nerves and are a central feature of NEUROFIBROMATOSIS 1, where they may occur intracranially or involve spinal roots. Pathologic features include fusiform enlargement of the involved nerve. Microscopic examination reveals a disorganized and loose cellular pattern with elongated nuclei intermixed with fibrous strands. (From Adams et al., Principles of Neurology, 6th ed, p1016)	0	1.99	1	0
Cytomegalic Inclusion Disease [description not available]	0	3.38	1	1
Cytomegalovirus Infections Infection with CYTOMEGALOVIRUS, characterized by enlarged cells bearing intranuclear inclusions. Infection may be in almost any organ, but the salivary glands are the most common site in children, as are the lungs in adults.	0	3.38	1	1
Cranial Nerve XII Injury [description not available]	0	1.99	1	0
Wounds, Penetrating Wounds caused by objects penetrating the skin.	0	1.99	1	0
Adrenoleukodystrophy, Autosomal Neonatal Form [description not available]	0	1.99	1	0
Peroxisomal Disorders A heterogeneous group of inherited metabolic disorders marked by absent or dysfunctional PEROXISOMES. Peroxisomal enzymatic abnormalities may be single or multiple. Biosynthetic peroxisomal pathways are compromised, including the ability to synthesize ether lipids and to oxidize long-chain fatty acid precursors. Diseases in this category include ZELLWEGER SYNDROME; INFANTILE REFSUM DISEASE; rhizomelic chondrodysplasia (CHONDRODYSPLASIA PUNCTATA, RHIZOMELIC); hyperpipecolic acidemia; neonatal adrenoleukodystrophy; and ADRENOLEUKODYSTROPHY (X-linked). Neurologic dysfunction is a prominent feature of most peroxisomal disorders.	0	1.99	1	0
Spasmophilia [description not available]	0	2.39	2	0
Obstructive Lung Diseases [description not available]	0	2.4	2	0
Lung Diseases, Obstructive Any disorder marked by obstruction of conducting airways of the lung. AIRWAY OBSTRUCTION may be acute, chronic, intermittent, or persistent.	0	2.4	2	0
Coronary Artery Vasospasm [description not available]	0	1.99	1	0
Coronary Vasospasm Spasm of the large- or medium-sized coronary arteries.	0	1.99	1	0
Battered Child Syndrome A clinical condition resulting from repeated physical and psychological injuries inflicted on a child by the parents or caregivers.	0	1.99	1	0
Cat Diseases Diseases of the domestic cat (Felis catus or F. domesticus). This term does not include diseases of the so-called big cats such as CHEETAHS; LIONS; tigers, cougars, panthers, leopards, and other Felidae for which the heading CARNIVORA is used.	0	3.31	2	0
AIDS, Murine [description not available]	0	1.99	1	0
Disc, Herniated [description not available]	0	2.69	3	0
Intervertebral Disc Displacement An INTERVERTEBRAL DISC in which the NUCLEUS PULPOSUS has protruded through surrounding ANNULUS FIBROSUS. This occurs most frequently in the lower lumbar region.	0	2.69	3	0
Muscular Atrophy, Postpoliomyelitis [description not available]	0	2.91	1	0
Postpoliomyelitis Syndrome A syndrome characterized by new neuromuscular symptoms that occur at least 15 years after clinical stability has been attained in patients with a prior history of symptomatic poliomyelitis. Clinical features include new muscular weakness and atrophy of the limbs, bulbar innervated musculature, and muscles of respiration, combined with excessive fatigue, joint pain, and reduced stamina. The process is marked by slow progression and periods of stabilization. (From Ann NY Acad Sci 1995 May 25;753:68-80)	0	2.91	1	0
Germinoma A malignant neoplasm of the germinal tissue of the GONADS; MEDIASTINUM; or pineal region. Germinomas are uniform in appearance, consisting of large, round cells with vesicular nuclei and clear or finely granular eosinophilic-staining cytoplasm. (Stedman, 265th ed; from DeVita Jr et al., Cancer: Principles & Practice of Oncology, 3d ed, pp1642-3)	0	2	1	0
Disgerminoma [description not available]	0	2	1	0
Cancer of Testis [description not available]	0	2	1	0
Gonadoblastoma A complex neoplasm composed of a mixture of gonadal elements, such as large primordial GERM CELLS, immature SERTOLI CELLS or GRANULOSA CELLS of the sex cord, and gonadal stromal cells. Gonadoblastomas are most often associated with gonadal dysgenesis, 46, XY.	0	2	1	0
Dysgerminoma A malignant ovarian neoplasm, thought to be derived from primordial germ cells of the sexually undifferentiated embryonic gonad. It is the counterpart of the classical seminoma of the testis, to which it is both grossly and histologically identical. Dysgerminomas comprise 16% of all germ cell tumors but are rare before the age of 10, although nearly 50% occur before the age of 20. They are generally considered of low-grade malignancy but may spread if the tumor extends through its capsule and involves lymph nodes or blood vessels. (Dorland, 27th ed; DeVita Jr et al., Cancer: Principles & Practice of Oncology, 3d ed, p1646)	0	2	1	0
Testicular Neoplasms Tumors or cancer of the TESTIS. Germ cell tumors (GERMINOMA) of the testis constitute 95% of all testicular neoplasms.	0	2	1	0
Hypogammaglobulinemia [description not available]	0	2	1	0
Agammaglobulinemia An immunologic deficiency state characterized by an extremely low level of generally all classes of gamma-globulin in the blood.	0	2	1	0
Polyomavirus Infections Infections with POLYOMAVIRUS, which are often cultured from the urine of kidney transplant patients. Excretion of BK VIRUS is associated with ureteral strictures and CYSTITIS, and that of JC VIRUS with progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy (LEUKOENCEPHALOPATHY, PROGRESSIVE MULTIFOCAL).	0	2	1	0
Acoustic Neurinoma, Bilateral [description not available]	0	2	1	0
Neurofibromatosis 2 An autosomal dominant disorder characterized by a high incidence of bilateral acoustic neuromas as well as schwannomas (NEURILEMMOMA) of other cranial and peripheral nerves, and other benign intracranial tumors including meningiomas, ependymomas, spinal neurofibromas, and gliomas. The disease has been linked to mutations of the NF2 gene (GENES, NEUROFIBROMATOSIS 2) on chromosome 22 (22q12) and usually presents clinically in the first or second decade of life.	0	2	1	0
Cancer of the Retina [description not available]	0	2	1	0
Delayed Hypersensitivity [description not available]	0	2	1	0
Wasting Disease [description not available]	0	2.91	1	0
Atypical Cluster Headache [description not available]	0	3.31	2	0
Bacterial Infections, Central Nervous System [description not available]	0	1.99	1	0
Benign Paroxysmal Peritonitis [description not available]	0	2	1	0
Familial Mediterranean Fever A group of HEREDITARY AUTOINFLAMMATION DISEASES, characterized by recurrent fever, abdominal pain, headache, rash, PLEURISY; and ARTHRITIS. ORCHITIS; benign MENINGITIS; and AMYLOIDOSIS may also occur. Homozygous or compound heterozygous mutations in marenostrin gene encoding PYRIN result in autosomal recessive transmission; simple heterozygous, autosomal dominant form of the disease also exists with mutations in the same gene.	0	2	1	0
Plica Syndrome [description not available]	0	2	1	0
Arthritis, Post-Infectious [description not available]	0	2	1	0
Synovitis Inflammation of the SYNOVIAL MEMBRANE.	0	2	1	0
Arthritis, Reactive An aseptic, inflammatory arthritis developing secondary to a primary extra-articular infection, most typically of the GASTROINTESTINAL TRACT or UROGENITAL SYSTEM. The initiating trigger pathogens are usually SHIGELLA; SALMONELLA; YERSINIA; CAMPYLOBACTER; or CHLAMYDIA TRACHOMATIS. Reactive arthritis is strongly associated with HLA-B27 ANTIGEN.	0	2	1	0
Aldrich Syndrome [description not available]	0	2	1	0
Wiskott-Aldrich Syndrome A rare, X-linked immunodeficiency syndrome characterized by ECZEMA; LYMPHOPENIA; and, recurrent pyogenic infection. It is seen exclusively in young boys. Typically, IMMUNOGLOBULIN M levels are low and IMMUNOGLOBULIN A and IMMUNOGLOBULIN E levels are elevated. Lymphoreticular malignancies are common.	0	2	1	0
Gonadal Agenesis The complete failure of gonadal development.	0	2	1	0
Yolk Sac Tumor [description not available]	0	2	1	0
Endodermal Sinus Tumor An unusual and aggressive tumor of germ-cell origin that reproduces the extraembryonic structures of the early embryo. It is the most common malignant germ cell tumor found in children. It is characterized by a labyrinthine glandular pattern of flat epithelial cells and rounded papillary processes with a central capillary (Schiller-Duval body). The tumor is rarely bilateral. Before the use of combination chemotherapy, the tumor was almost invariably fatal. (From DeVita Jr et al., Cancer: Principles & Practice of Oncology, 3d ed, p1189)	0	2	1	0
Hyperlipoproteinemia [description not available]	0	2	1	0
Hyperlipoproteinemias Conditions with abnormally elevated levels of LIPOPROTEINS in the blood. They may be inherited, acquired, primary, or secondary. Hyperlipoproteinemias are classified according to the pattern of lipoproteins on electrophoresis or ultracentrifugation.	0	2	1	0
Encephalopathy, Subacute Spongiform, Gerstmann-Straussler Type [description not available]	0	2	1	0
Lead Induced Nervous System Diseases, Adult [description not available]	0	2	1	0
Cirrhoses, Experimental Liver [description not available]	0	2.39	2	0
Hemorrhagic Diathesis [description not available]	0	2	1	0
Hemorrhagic Disorders Spontaneous or near spontaneous bleeding caused by a defect in clotting mechanisms (BLOOD COAGULATION DISORDERS) or another abnormality causing a structural flaw in the blood vessels (HEMOSTATIC DISORDERS).	0	2	1	0
Acoustic Neuroma [description not available]	0	2	1	0
Hyperprolactinaemia [description not available]	0	2	1	0
Hyperprolactinemia Increased levels of PROLACTIN in the BLOOD, which may be associated with AMENORRHEA and GALACTORRHEA. Relatively common etiologies include PROLACTINOMA, medication effect, KIDNEY FAILURE, granulomatous diseases of the PITUITARY GLAND, and disorders which interfere with the hypothalamic inhibition of prolactin release. Ectopic (non-pituitary) production of prolactin may also occur. (From Joynt, Clinical Neurology, 1992, Ch36, pp77-8)	0	2	1	0
Pemphigus Foliaceus [description not available]	0	2	1	0
Pemphigus Group of chronic blistering diseases characterized histologically by ACANTHOLYSIS and blister formation within the EPIDERMIS.	0	2	1	0
Multiple Endocrine Neoplasia Type 1 A form of multiple endocrine neoplasia that is characterized by the combined occurrence of tumors in the PARATHYROID GLANDS, the PITUITARY GLAND, and the PANCREATIC ISLETS. The resulting clinical signs include HYPERPARATHYROIDISM; HYPERCALCEMIA; HYPERPROLACTINEMIA; CUSHING DISEASE; GASTRINOMA; and ZOLLINGER-ELLISON SYNDROME. This disease is due to loss-of-function of the MEN1 gene, a tumor suppressor gene (GENES, TUMOR SUPPRESSOR) on CHROMOSOME 11 (Locus: 11q13).	0	2	1	0
Back Ache [description not available]	0	2	1	0
Back Pain Acute or chronic pain located in the posterior regions of the THORAX; LUMBOSACRAL REGION; or the adjacent regions.	0	2	1	0
Autolysis The spontaneous disintegration of tissues or cells by the action of their own autogenous enzymes.	0	2	1	0
Aberrant Tissue [description not available]	0	2	1	0
Androgen Insensitivity Syndrome [description not available]	0	7	1	0
Epicondylitis, Lateral Humeral [description not available]	0	2	1	0
Tennis Elbow A condition characterized by pain in or near the lateral humeral epicondyle or in the forearm extensor muscle mass as a result of unusual strain. It occurs due repetitive stresses on the elbow from activities such as tennis playing.	0	2	1	0
Dejerine-Roussy Syndrome [description not available]	0	2.92	1	0
Benign Hypothalamic Neoplasms [description not available]	0	2	1	0
Autosomal Chromosome Disorders [description not available]	0	2.39	2	0
Kaposi Disease [description not available]	0	2	1	0
Cockayne Syndrome A syndrome characterized by multiple system abnormalities including DWARFISM; PHOTOSENSITIVITY DISORDERS; PREMATURE AGING; and HEARING LOSS. It is caused by mutations of a number of autosomal recessive genes encoding proteins that involve transcriptional-coupled DNA REPAIR processes. Cockayne syndrome is classified by the severity and age of onset. Type I (classical; CSA) is early childhood onset in the second year of life; type II (congenital; CSB) is early onset at birth with severe symptoms; type III (xeroderma pigmentosum; XP) is late childhood onset with mild symptoms.	0	2	1	0
Xeroderma Pigmentosum A rare, pigmentary, and atrophic autosomal recessive disease. It is manifested as an extreme photosensitivity to ULTRAVIOLET RAYS as the result of a deficiency in the enzyme that permits excisional repair of ultraviolet-damaged DNA.	0	2	1	0
Alveolar Bone Atrophy [description not available]	0	2	1	0
African Lymphoma [description not available]	0	2	1	0
Burkitt Lymphoma A form of undifferentiated malignant LYMPHOMA usually found in central Africa, but also reported in other parts of the world. It is commonly manifested as a large osteolytic lesion in the jaw or as an abdominal mass. B-cell antigens are expressed on the immature cells that make up the tumor in virtually all cases of Burkitt lymphoma. The Epstein-Barr virus (HERPESVIRUS 4, HUMAN) has been isolated from Burkitt lymphoma cases in Africa and it is implicated as the causative agent in these cases; however, most non-African cases are EBV-negative.	0	2	1	0
Auditory Vertigo [description not available]	0	2	1	0
Meniere Disease A disease of the inner ear (LABYRINTH) that is characterized by fluctuating SENSORINEURAL HEARING LOSS; TINNITUS; episodic VERTIGO; and aural fullness. It is the most common form of endolymphatic hydrops.	0	2	1	0
Acute Autoimmune Neuropathy [description not available]	0	2.92	1	0
Guillain-Barre Syndrome An acute inflammatory autoimmune neuritis caused by T cell- mediated cellular immune response directed towards peripheral myelin. Demyelination occurs in peripheral nerves and nerve roots. The process is often preceded by a viral or bacterial infection, surgery, immunization, lymphoma, or exposure to toxins. Common clinical manifestations include progressive weakness, loss of sensation, and loss of deep tendon reflexes. Weakness of respiratory muscles and autonomic dysfunction may occur. (From Adams et al., Principles of Neurology, 6th ed, pp1312-1314)	0	2.92	1	0
Basilar Artery Insufficiency [description not available]	0	2	1	0
Cochlear Diseases Pathological processes of the snail-like structure (COCHLEA) of the inner ear (LABYRINTH) which can involve its nervous tissue, blood vessels, or fluid (ENDOLYMPH).	0	2	1	0
Rida [description not available]	0	2.67	3	0
Health Care Associated Infection [description not available]	0	3.3	2	0
Cross Infection Any infection which a patient contracts in a health-care institution.	0	3.3	2	0
Basophilic Leukemia, Acute [description not available]	0	2	1	0
Leukemia, Basophilic, Acute A rare acute myeloid leukemia in which the primary differentiation is to BASOPHILS. It is characterized by an extreme increase of immature basophilic granulated cells in the bone marrow and blood. Mature basophils are usually sparse.	0	2	1	0
Chronic Hepatitis B [description not available]	0	2	1	0
Hepatitis B, Chronic INFLAMMATION of the LIVER in humans caused by HEPATITIS B VIRUS lasting six months or more. It is primarily transmitted by parenteral exposure, such as transfusion of contaminated blood or blood products, but can also be transmitted via sexual or intimate personal contact.	0	2	1	0
Hydrosyringomyelia [description not available]	0	2.01	1	0
ADPKD [description not available]	0	2.01	1	0
Polycystic Kidney, Autosomal Dominant Kidney disorders with autosomal dominant inheritance and characterized by multiple CYSTS in both KIDNEYS with progressive deterioration of renal function.	0	2.01	1	0
Cystic Kidney Diseases [description not available]	0	2.01	1	0
B-Cell Leukemia [description not available]	0	2.01	1	0
Kidney Diseases, Cystic A heterogeneous group of hereditary and acquired disorders in which the KIDNEY contains one or more CYSTS unilaterally or bilaterally (KIDNEY, CYSTIC).	0	2.01	1	0
Achromatopsia Severely deficient color perception, typically with monochromacy and reduced visual acuity. The atypical form can include normal visual acuity with pseudomonochromacy.	0	2.01	1	0
Color Vision Defects Defects of color vision are mainly hereditary traits but can be secondary to acquired or developmental abnormalities in the CONES (RETINA). Severity of hereditary defects of color vision depends on the degree of mutation of the ROD OPSINS genes (on X CHROMOSOME and CHROMOSOME 3) that code the photopigments for red, green and blue.	0	2.01	1	0
Leukemia, Myeloid, Acute, M4 [description not available]	0	2.01	1	0
Leukemia, Myelomonocytic, Acute A pediatric acute myeloid leukemia involving both myeloid and monocytoid precursors. At least 20% of non-erythroid cells are of monocytic origin.	0	2.01	1	0
Causalgia Syndrome [description not available]	0	2.01	1	0
Causalgia A complex regional pain syndrome characterized by burning pain and marked sensitivity to touch (HYPERESTHESIA) in the distribution of an injured peripheral nerve. Autonomic dysfunction in the form of sudomotor (i.e., sympathetic innervation to sweat glands), vasomotor, and trophic skin changes may also occur. (Adams et al., Principles of Neurology, 6th ed, p1359)	0	2.01	1	0
Hemorrhagic Shock [description not available]	0	2.01	1	0
Familial Periodic Paralysis [description not available]	0	2.01	1	0
Protozoan Infections, Animal Infections with unicellular organisms formerly members of the subkingdom Protozoa. The infections may be experimental or veterinary.	0	2.01	1	0
Histomoniasis [description not available]	0	2.01	1	0
Cardiac Septal Defect [description not available]	0	2.01	1	0
Complex IV Deficiency [description not available]	0	2.67	3	0
Phlegmasia Alba Dolens Inflammation that is characterized by swollen, pale, and painful limb. It is usually caused by DEEP VEIN THROMBOSIS in a FEMORAL VEIN, following PARTURITION or an illness. This condition is also called milk leg or white leg.	0	1.98	1	0
Thrombophlebitis Inflammation of a vein associated with a blood clot (THROMBUS).	0	1.98	1	0
Broad Beta Disease [description not available]	0	2.38	2	0
Hyperlipoproteinemia Type III An autosomal recessively inherited disorder characterized by the accumulation of intermediate-density lipoprotein (IDL or broad-beta-lipoprotein). IDL has a CHOLESTEROL to TRIGLYCERIDES ratio greater than that of VERY-LOW-DENSITY LIPOPROTEINS. This disorder is due to mutation of APOLIPOPROTEINS E, a receptor-binding component of VLDL and CHYLOMICRONS, resulting in their reduced clearance and high plasma levels of both cholesterol and triglycerides.	0	2.38	2	0
Autosomal Hemophilia A [description not available]	0	1.98	1	0
Hemophilia A The classic hemophilia resulting from a deficiency of factor VIII. It is an inherited disorder of blood coagulation characterized by a permanent tendency to hemorrhage.	0	1.98	1	0
Abdominal Cryptorchidism [description not available]	0	1.98	1	0
Inguinal Hernia [description not available]	0	1.98	1	0
Hernia, Inguinal An abdominal hernia with an external bulge in the GROIN region. It can be classified by the location of herniation. Indirect inguinal hernias occur through the internal inguinal ring. Direct inguinal hernias occur through defects in the ABDOMINAL WALL (transversalis fascia) in Hesselbach's triangle. The former type is commonly seen in children and young adults; the latter in adults.	0	1.98	1	0
Hypokalemia Abnormally low potassium concentration in the blood. It may result from potassium loss by renal secretion or by the gastrointestinal route, as by vomiting or diarrhea. It may be manifested clinically by neuromuscular disorders ranging from weakness to paralysis, by electrocardiographic abnormalities (depression of the T wave and elevation of the U wave), by renal disease, and by gastrointestinal disorders. (Dorland, 27th ed)	0	1.98	1	0
Alport Syndrome [description not available]	0	6.98	1	0
Nephritis, Hereditary A group of inherited conditions characterized initially by HEMATURIA and slowly progressing to RENAL INSUFFICIENCY. The most common form is the Alport syndrome (hereditary nephritis with HEARING LOSS) which is caused by mutations in genes for TYPE IV COLLAGEN and defective GLOMERULAR BASEMENT MEMBRANE.	0	1.98	1	0
Angioneurotic Edema [description not available]	0	1.98	1	0
Angioedema Swelling involving the deep DERMIS, subcutaneous, or submucosal tissues, representing localized EDEMA. Angioedema often occurs in the face, lips, tongue, and larynx.	0	1.98	1	0
Viral Hepatitis, Human [description not available]	0	1.98	1	0
Hepatitis, Viral, Human INFLAMMATION of the LIVER in humans due to infection by VIRUSES. There are several significant types of human viral hepatitis with infection caused by enteric-transmission (HEPATITIS A; HEPATITIS E) or blood transfusion (HEPATITIS B; HEPATITIS C; and HEPATITIS D).	0	1.98	1	0
Adult Fanconi Syndrome [description not available]	0	1.97	1	0
Cystinuria An inherited disorder due to defective reabsorption of CYSTINE and other BASIC AMINO ACIDS by the PROXIMAL RENAL TUBULES. This form of aminoaciduria is characterized by the abnormally high urinary levels of cystine; LYSINE; ARGININE; and ORNITHINE. Mutations involve the amino acid transport protein gene SLC3A1.	0	1.97	1	0
Granulocytic Leukemia [description not available]	0	1.97	1	0
Leukemia, Myeloid Form of leukemia characterized by an uncontrolled proliferation of the myeloid lineage and their precursors (MYELOID PROGENITOR CELLS) in the bone marrow and other sites.	0	1.97	1	0
Congenital Thrombotic Thrombocytopenic Purpura [description not available]	0	2.89	1	0
Purpura, Thrombotic Thrombocytopenic An acquired, congenital, or familial disorder caused by PLATELET AGGREGATION with THROMBOSIS in terminal arterioles and capillaries. Clinical features include THROMBOCYTOPENIA; HEMOLYTIC ANEMIA; AZOTEMIA; FEVER; and thrombotic microangiopathy. The classical form also includes neurological symptoms and end-organ damage, such as RENAL FAILURE. Mutations in the ADAMTS13 PROTEIN gene have been identified in familial cases.	0	2.89	1	0
Shock, Cardiogenic Shock resulting from diminution of cardiac output in heart disease.	0	1.97	1	0
Autotomy Human [description not available]	0	1.97	1	0
Hymenolepiasis Infection with tapeworms of the genus Hymenolepis.	0	1.97	1	0
Gammapathy, Monoclonal [description not available]	0	1.97	1	0
Paraproteinemias A group of related diseases characterized by an unbalanced or disproportionate proliferation of immunoglobulin-producing cells, usually from a single clone. These cells frequently secrete a structurally homogeneous immunoglobulin (M-component) and/or an abnormal immunoglobulin.	0	1.97	1	0
Fistula Abnormal communication most commonly seen between two internal organs, or between an internal organ and the surface of the body.	0	1.97	1	0
Inner Ear Disease [description not available]	0	1.97	1	0
Labyrinth Diseases Pathological processes of the inner ear (LABYRINTH) which contains the essential apparatus of hearing (COCHLEA) and balance (SEMICIRCULAR CANALS).	0	1.97	1	0
Cranial Nerve V Injury [description not available]	0	1.97	1	0
Leukemia L5178 An experimental lymphocytic leukemia of mice.	0	1.96	1	0
Carbon Tetrachloride Poisoning Poisoning that results from ingestion, injection, inhalation, or skin absorption of CARBON TETRACHLORIDE.	0	1.96	1	0
Neoplasms, Trophoblastic [description not available]	0	1.96	1	0
Ataxia with Lactic Acidosis 2 [description not available]	0	1.96	1	0
Pellagra A disease due to deficiency of NIACIN, a B-complex vitamin, or its precursor TRYPTOPHAN. It is characterized by scaly DERMATITIS which is often associated with DIARRHEA and DEMENTIA (the three D's).	0	1.97	1	0
Intraventricular Septal Defects [description not available]	0	1.97	1	0
Fallot's Tetralogy [description not available]	0	3.29	2	0
Heart Septal Defects, Ventricular Developmental abnormalities in any portion of the VENTRICULAR SEPTUM resulting in abnormal communications between the two lower chambers of the heart. Classification of ventricular septal defects is based on location of the communication, such as perimembranous, inlet, outlet (infundibular), central muscular, marginal muscular, or apical muscular defect.	0	1.97	1	0
Tetralogy of Fallot A combination of congenital heart defects consisting of four key features including VENTRICULAR SEPTAL DEFECTS; PULMONARY STENOSIS; RIGHT VENTRICULAR HYPERTROPHY; and a dextro-positioned AORTA. In this condition, blood from both ventricles (oxygen-rich and oxygen-poor) is pumped into the body often causing CYANOSIS.	0	3.29	2	0
Infections, Pseudomonas [description not available]	0	1.97	1	0
Pseudomonas Infections Infections with bacteria of the genus PSEUDOMONAS.	0	1.97	1	0
Urinary Tract Infections Inflammatory responses of the epithelium of the URINARY TRACT to microbial invasions. They are often bacterial infections with associated BACTERIURIA and PYURIA.	0	1.97	1	0
Porphyria [description not available]	0	1.97	1	0
Porphyrias A diverse group of metabolic diseases characterized by errors in the biosynthetic pathway of HEME in the LIVER, the BONE MARROW, or both. They are classified by the deficiency of specific enzymes, the tissue site of enzyme defect, or the clinical features that include neurological (acute) or cutaneous (skin lesions). Porphyrias can be hereditary or acquired as a result of toxicity to the hepatic or erythropoietic marrow tissues.	0	1.97	1	0
Blepharospasm-Oromandibular Dyskinesia [description not available]	0	1.97	1	0
Plant Poisoning Poisoning by the ingestion of plants or its leaves, berries, roots or stalks. The manifestations in both humans and animals vary in severity from mild to life threatening. In animals, especially domestic animals, it is usually the result of ingesting moldy or fermented forage.	0	3.29	2	0
Kaposi Sarcoma [description not available]	0	1.97	1	0
Sarcoma, Kaposi A multicentric, malignant neoplastic vascular proliferation characterized by the development of bluish-red cutaneous nodules, usually on the lower extremities, most often on the toes or feet, and slowly increasing in size and number and spreading to more proximal areas. The tumors have endothelium-lined channels and vascular spaces admixed with variably sized aggregates of spindle-shaped cells, and often remain confined to the skin and subcutaneous tissue, but widespread visceral involvement may occur. Kaposi's sarcoma occurs spontaneously in Jewish and Italian males in Europe and the United States. An aggressive variant in young children is endemic in some areas of Africa. A third form occurs in about 0.04% of kidney transplant patients. There is also a high incidence in AIDS patients. (From Dorland, 27th ed & Holland et al., Cancer Medicine, 3d ed, pp2105-7) HHV-8 is the suspected cause.	0	1.97	1	0
Hyperoxaluria Excretion of an excessive amount of OXALATES in the urine.	0	1.97	1	0

glutamic acid

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Occurs in Manufacturing (246 Product(s))

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glutamic acid

Description

Cross-References

Synonyms (225)

Research Excerpts

Toxicity

Pharmacokinetics

Compound-Compound Interactions

Bioavailability

Dosage Studied

Occurs in Manufacturing (246 Product(s))

Product Categories

Products

Roles (6)

Drug Classes (4)

Pathways (316)

Protein Targets (89)

Potency Measurements

Inhibition Measurements

Activation Measurements

Other Measurements

Biological Processes (337)

Molecular Functions (117)

Ceullar Components (116)

Bioassays (468)

Research

Studies (40,480)

Study Types

Related Drugs (5,177)

Related Conditions (2,454)