Swelling involving the deep DERMIS, subcutaneous, or submucosal tissues, representing localized EDEMA. Angioedema often occurs in the face, lips, tongue, and larynx.
Excerpt | Reference |
"Angioedema is characterized by swelling of the skin or mucous membranes." | ( Fandaros, M; Ghebrehiwet, B; Joseph, K; Kaplan, AP; Rubenstein, DA; Yin, W, 2022) |
"Angioedema is an allergic reaction that has rarely been associated with haloperidol." | ( Strain, A, 2022) |
"Hereditary angioedema is classified into HAE owing to a deficiency of functional C1INH (HAE-C1INH) or HAE with normal C1INH (HAE-nl-C1INH)." | ( Busse, P; Kaplan, A, 2022) |
"Angioedema is a prevailing symptom in different diseases, frequently occurring in the presence of urticaria." | ( Csuka, D; Farkas, H; Grumach, AS; Veronez, CL, 2021) |
"Acquired angioedema is a rare disorder characterized by nonurticarial angioedema secondary to deficiency or altered activity of C1-esterase inhibitor protein." | ( Zwanziger, AD, 2022) |
"Angioedema is a rare but potentially fatal complication of ACEi use and unilateral tongue edema is a very rare presentation." | ( Cravo, M; Gil Braga, B; Mendonça, C; Neves, P; Pinto, F, 2022) |
"Angioedema is a histamine- or bradykinin-mediated response that can be acquired, hereditary, or idiopathic." | ( Kern, J; Leaf, J; Mehta, P; Milanko, N, 2022) |
"Hereditary angioedema is a hereditary life-threatening disease characterized by recurrent angioedema of various strength and localization." | ( Latysheva, EA; Latysheva, TV; Manto, IA; Sorokina, LE, 2021) |
"Angioedema is an acute disorder that affects mucous membranes and the deepest layers of the skin along with underlying tissue, marked by rapid swelling, large welts, and pain." | ( Bodenhamer, WS; Irwin, TM; Keirns, CC; Longanecker, A, 2023) |
"As ACEi induced angioedema is mediated by bradykinin, therapeutic response to antihistamines and glucocorticoids remains unsatisfactory." | ( Bas, M; Greve, J; Gröger, M; Hahn, J; Hoffmann, TK; Kehl, V; Kojda, G; Stelter, K; Strassen, U; Trainotti, S; Volkenstein, S; Wirth, M, 2023) |
"Angioedema is an acute disorder that affects mucous membranes and the deepest layers of the skin along with underlying tissue, marked by rapid swelling, large welts, and pain." | ( Bodenhamer, WS; Irwin, TM; Keirns, CC; Longanecker, A, 2023) |
"As ACEi induced angioedema is mediated by bradykinin, therapeutic response to antihistamines and glucocorticoids remains unsatisfactory." | ( Bas, M; Greve, J; Gröger, M; Hahn, J; Hoffmann, TK; Kehl, V; Kojda, G; Stelter, K; Strassen, U; Trainotti, S; Volkenstein, S; Wirth, M, 2023) |
"Acute angioedema is mostly found in the head and neck region." | ( Bühler, L; Fabritius, E; Grauvogel, TD; Schmid, B, 2023) |
"Angioedema is generally readily recognizable clinically and is characterized by localized nonpitting edema involving subcutaneous, submucosal, or deep dermal tissue caused by increased vascular permeability and extravasation of intravascular fluid." | ( Bork, K; Grumach, AS; Katelaris, CH, 2023) |
"Angioedema is a well-recognized and potentially lethal complication of angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor (ACEi) therapy." | ( Wilkerson, RG; Winters, ME, 2023) |
"Bradykinin-mediated angioedema is a rare, non-allergic, potentially life-threatening disease." | ( Greve, J; Hahn, J; Hoffmann, TK; Lochbaum, R, 2023) |
"Angioedema is potentially life-threating swelling of integument and mucosa that has multiple potential aetiologies with varying mechanisms." | ( Abdujelil, I; Anderson, J; Jasti, VV, 2023) |
"Angioedema is a condition characterized by swelling of the skin or mucosa resulting from loss of vascular integrity that leads to swelling of mucosal tissues and can lead to life-threatening respiratory compromise." | ( Kagzi, A; Kagzi, Y; Money, DB; Oxner, AZ, 2023) |
"Angioedema is the most common acute allergic presentation to emergency centres (EC), with hospitalisation rates increasing in high-income countries." | ( Crombie, K; Day, C; Hendrikse, C; Peter, J; Van der Walt, J, 2023) |
"Angioedema is the most common allergy presentation to two ECs in Cape Town, SA." | ( Crombie, K; Day, C; Hendrikse, C; Peter, J; Van der Walt, J, 2023) |
"Angioedema is one of the commonest life-threatening conditions with good outcome timely definitive treatment." | ( Bhoi, S; Mathew, R; Patel, S, 2019) |
"Angioedema is a localized swelling of the skin and submucosal tissues and is generally benign and self-limiting." | ( Kamat, D; Seth, D, 2019) |
"Bradykinin-mediated angioedema is a rare disease, due to vasodilation and increased vascular permeability resulting from bradykinin." | ( Bernardeau, C; Bouillet, L; Crochet, J; Defendi, F; Lepelley, M; Mallaret, M, 2020) |
"Angioedema is a subcutaneous swelling typically affecting the face, larynx or pharynx." | ( Dubrall, D; Sachs, B; Schmid, M; Stingl, JC, 2020) |
"Angioedema is a well-known adverse effect, which involves the viscera rarely." | ( Milekic, B; Sharma, N; Sravanthi, MV; Suma Kumaran, S, 2020) |
"Angioedema is the swelling of mucosa and submucosal tissue." | ( Khalil, MT; Mansoor, SN; Shafiq, O; Younas, U, 2022) |
"Hereditary angioedema is a rare inherited condition leading to recurrent, sometimes life-threatening angioedema attacks in subcutaneous tissues and gastrointestinal and oropharyngeal mucosa dating back to childhood or adolescence." | ( Gülbahar, O, 2021) |
"Angioedema is a self-limited, localized tissue swelling, resulting from fluid extravasation into interstitial spaces." | ( Kendi, AT; Maselli, D; Osman, K, 2021) |
"Angioedema is a complication that has been reported in up to 1." | ( Rosenbaum, S; Vilke, GM; Wilkerson, RG; Winters, ME; Wu, MYC, 2021) |
"Bradykinin-mediated angioedema is a rare but potentially fatal adverse event." | ( Ayme-Dietrich, E; Becker, G; Dalmas, MC; Monassier, L; Rougerie, F; Sabo, AN, 2021) |
"Angioedema is a life-threatening emergency event that is associated with bradykinin and histamine-mediated cascades." | ( Nakamura, M; Sawada, Y; Sugino, H; Wada, A, 2021) |
"Bowel angioedema is an acute adverse reaction to iodinated contrast media (CM) that involves the gastrointestinal tract." | ( Chung, YE; Kim, KW; Kim, MJ; Lim, JS; Seo, N; Song, MK, 2017) |
"Drug-induced angioedema is known to occur via mechanisms mediated by histamine, bradykinin, or leukotriene, and an understanding of these mechanisms is crucial in guiding therapeutic decisions." | ( Brown, NJ; Stone, C, 2017) |
"Angioedema is frequently categorized into histamine- or bradykinin-mediated disease." | ( Busse, PJ; Smith, T, 2017) |
"Angioedema is most commonly caused by mast-cell mediators, such as histamine." | ( Bock, B; Greve, J; Hahn, J; Hoffmann, TK; Nordmann-Kleiner, M; Trainotti, S, 2017) |
"Angioedema is a term used to describe an acute, solitary or multiple, circumscribed, and non-pitting mucocutaneous swelling that affects the dermis and the subcutaneous tissue, lasts 24 to 72 hours, and may become potentially life-threatening when the pharynx and/or the larynx are involved." | ( Badavanis, G; Monastirli, A; Pasmatzi, E; Tsambaos, D, 2017) |
"Severe orolingual angioedema is a life-threatening complication of alteplase treatment for acute ischemic stroke that occurs during alteplase infusion or in the first 2 hours afterward." | ( Cheong, E; Dodd, L; Kleinig, T; Smith, W, 2018) |
"Drug-induced-angioedema is a relatively common presentation and is potentially fatal." | ( Hu, X; Liu, L; Wang, W; Yang, H; Zhang, X, 2018) |
"Angioedema is a self-limiting edema of the subcutaneous or submucosal tissues due to localised increase of microvascular permeability whose mediator may be histamine or bradykinin." | ( Cugno, M; Depetri, F; Tedeschi, A, 2019) |
"Angioedema is a type-1 hypersensitivity reaction that can be life threatening." | ( Khumalo, N; Ngwanya, RM; Spengane, Z, 2018) |
"Angioedema is mast cell mediator-induced or bradykinin-mediated." | ( Buttgereit, T; Maurer, M, 2019) |
"Angioedema is a rare adverse effect of the commonly used angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors (ACEi) and is reported to occur with a prevalence of 0." | ( Chua, I; Kennedy, MA; Liau, Y; Maggo, S, 2019) |
"Angioedema is a spontaneous, edematous swelling of the deep layers of the skin or mucous membrane." | ( Magerl, M; Zampeli, V, 2019) |
"Angioedema is defined by non-dependent, non-pitting edema that affects several different sites and is potentially life-threatening due to laryngeal edema." | ( Gottlieb, M; Koyfman, A; Long, BJ, 2019) |
"Angioedema is a result of increased vascular permeability, with subsequent extravasation of intravascular fluid into the surrounding tissues." | ( Buckland, MS; Busse, PJ, 2013) |
"Angioedema is a known side effect of ACE inhibitors." | ( Lehane, RJ, 2013) |
"If angioedema is poorly controlled with standard treatment regimens, we suggest treatment of the associated haematologic disorder." | ( Bygum, A; Vestergaard, H, 2013) |
"Angioedema is a well-recognized adverse effect of this class of medications, with a reported incidence of ACEI angioedema of up to 1." | ( Almazroua, FY; Rosenbaum, S; Vilke, GM; Winters, ME, 2013) |
"Non-hereditary angioedema is a common disease with a prevalence between 5% and 19% and approximately half of the patients experience a swelling of the tongue." | ( Lösch, B; Wank, R, 2014) |
"Angioedema is a potentially life-threatening adverse reaction to angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors and angiotensin receptor blockers." | ( Alfirevic, A; Baranova, EV; Hallberg, P; Hugosson, S; Islander, G; Karawajczyk, M; Maitland-van der Zee, AH; Marshall, SE; Nordang, L; Palmer, CN; Pirmohamed, M; Sköldefors, K; Terreehorst, I; Wadelius, M; Yue, QY, 2014) |
"Angioedema is a known, but rare, adverse effect of ACEIs and ARBs." | ( Dunn, SP; Knecht, SE; Macaulay, TE, 2014) |
"Angioedema is a localized, sudden, transient, and often recurrent swelling of the deeper layers of the skin or mucosa with no epidermal component." | ( Barski, L; Bartal, C; Stavi, V; Zeldetz, V, 2015) |
"Visceral angioedema is an infrequent and often unrecognized complication of ACEI therapy." | ( Khan, A; Mutnuri, S; Variyam, EP, 2015) |
"A case of angioedema is reported here, in which allergic etiology was excluded by the non-response to antihistamines." | ( Bertazzoni, G; Bresciani, E; Cipollone, L; Fante, E; Galandrini, R, 2015) |
"Bradykinin-mediated angioedema is characterized by transient attacks of localized edema of subcutaneous or submucosal tissues and can be life-threatening when involving the upper airways." | ( Adnet, F; Amarger, S; Asfar, P; Boccon-Gibod, I; Boubaya, M; Bouillet, L; Boumedienne, A; Coppere, B; Fain, O; Floccard, B; Gontier, F; Javaud, N; Lapostolle, F; Martin, L; Ollivier, Y, 2016) |
"Angioedema is an infrequent complication of the use of angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors (ACEi) that has an incidence of up to 0." | ( Bloom, AS; Schranz, C, 2015) |
"Idiopathic angioedema is defined as localized swelling of the cutaneous and mucosal tissue that occurs in episodes without a clear etiology." | ( Hanson, J; Portnoy, J; Shroba, J, 2015) |
"Angioedema is a deep intradermal or sub-cutaneous edema, which can be mediated by histamine, bradykinin or mixture of both components." | ( Harr, T; Muller, Y, 2016) |
"Orolingual angioedema is a rare adverse effect of tissue plasminogen activator (tPA), with an incidence of 1% to 5%." | ( Droege, C; Kneale, H; Pahs, L; Pancioli, A, 2016) |
"Angioedema is a serious, potentially life-threatening adverse effect of ACEI use." | ( Reinaker, TS; Scalese, MJ, 2016) |
"Angioedema is defined as local, noninflammatory, self-limiting edema that is circumscribed owing to increased leakage of plasma from the capillaries located in the deep layers of the skin and the mucosae." | ( Caccia, S; Cicardi, M; Perego, F; Suffritti, C, 2016) |
"The definition of angioedema is an edema of subcutaneous and submucosal tissues due to increased vascular permeability and fluid extravasation." | ( Cicardi, M; Mansi, M; Wu, MA; Zanichelli, A, 2016) |
"Angioedema is a potentially fatal adverse drug reaction of some medications, as swellings of the upper airways can cause death by asphyxiation." | ( Aagaard, L; Andersen, MF; Buchwald, CV; Rasmussen, ER; Scott, SI, 2018) |
"Angioedema is associated with failure to respond to treatment with antihistamines." | ( Berbegal-de Gracia, L; de León-Marrero, F; Hispán, P; Marín-Cabañas, I; Silvestre, JF, 2017) |
"Angioedema is a potentially life-threatening occurrence that is encountered by critical care providers." | ( Files, DC; Krishnaswamy, G; LoVerde, D, 2017) |
"Angioedema is a life-threatening syndrome with multiple subtypes, each with a distinct pathophysiology." | ( Files, DC; Krishnaswamy, G; LoVerde, D, 2017) |
"Chronic urticaria/angioedema is a common phenotype in patients with aspirin sensitivity; however, its genetic mechanism is not understood." | ( Hur, GY; Kim, SH; Park, HJ; Park, HS; Ye, YM, 2008) |
"Angioedema is defined as: (i) abrupt swelling of the lower dermis and subcutis; (ii) occasional pain instead of pruritus; (iii) commonly involving the mucous membranes; and (iv) skin returning to normal appearance, usually within 72 hours." | ( Frigas, E; Park, MA, 2009) |
"Acute oral angioedema is well documented in young pediatric liver-transplanted patients." | ( Jontell, M; Kullberg-Lindh, C; Lövsund-Johannesson, E; Saalman, R; Sundell, S, 2010) |
"Angioedema is an oedematous swelling of the mucosa or submucosa of the skin." | ( Bas, M; Bier, H; Greve, J; Hoffmann, TK; Knopf, A; Kojda, G; Schuler, P; Stark, T, 2010) |
"Angioedema is a rare but life-threatening adverse effect of administration of angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors (ACEIs) administration." | ( Cooley, C; Kalra, A; Palaniswamy, C; Zanotti-Cavazzoni, SL, 2012) |
"Angioedema is a variant of urticaria that causes deep dermal and subcutaneous swelling." | ( Ishii, M; Kobayashi, H; Oshimo, T; Sowa, J; Tsuruta, D, 2011) |
"Visceral angioedema is an uncommon but serious complication of therapy with angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitors." | ( Alviar, CL; Cordova, JP; Korniyenko, A; Messerli, FH, 2011) |
"Angioedema is often treated in the emergency department (ED)." | ( Bellolio, MF; Campbell, RL; Decker, WW; Li, JT; Manivannan, V; Stead, LG; Vedula, A, 2011) |
"The angioedema is not of immune nature; in predisposed individuals it is caused by accumulation of vasoactive mediators due to reduced activity of angiotensin-converting enzyme." | ( Janković, SM; Stefanović, SM, 2011) |
"Angioedema is defined as a swelling of the skin, mucosa and submucosa of the respiratory tract." | ( Huber, AR; Kaeslin, M, 2012) |
"Angioedema is an underappreciated and potentially life-threatening complication of intravenous (IV) recombinant tissue plasminogen activator (rt-PA)." | ( Fugate, JE; Kalimullah, EA; Wijdicks, EF, 2012) |
"Angioedema is a very rare side effect associated with ACE inhibitors (ACEI) and even rarer so with ARBs." | ( Nair, C, 2010) |
"Angioedema is a serious complication of renin-angiotensin system inhibitor therapy." | ( Stojiljkovic, L, 2012) |
"Angioedema is characterized by localized swelling of subcutaneous tissues or mucosa of the upper respiratory or gastrointestinal tract." | ( Bethune, C; Hollingsworth, J; Hughan, C; Jaiganesh, T; Kamara, M; Wiese, M; Wood, P, 2013) |
"Angioedema is the end result of a variety of pathophysiological processes resulting in transient, localized, nonpitting swelling of the subcutaneous layer of the skin or submucosal layer of the respiratory or gastrointestinal tracts." | ( Wilkerson, RG, 2012) |
"Angioedema is most common early in ACE-I therapy, yet episodes can occur late in therapy and have been reported even as late as 10 years after single treatment initiation." | ( Bell, WA; Finks, SW; Holmes, WL; Norman, JL, 2013) |
"Angioedema is a recognised side effect of rofecoxib, a cyclo-oxygenase-2 (COX-2) inhibitor." | ( Kumar, NP; Ramasamy, KA; Snape, J; Wild, G, 2002) |
"Angioedema is a serious condition, which can lead to acute abdominal symptoms, oedema of the upper respiratory tract and death by asphyxiation." | ( Grootendorst, AF; Schelfhout, LJ; van der Klooster, JM; Zweers, PG, 2002) |
"Angioedema is characterized by subcutaneous or submucosal swellings, which usually affect the lips, soft palate, tongue and larynx." | ( Groh, A; Lampl, L; Maier, H; Tisch, M, 2002) |
"Isolated visceral angioedema is an extremely rare complication of angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors (ACEIs)." | ( Abdelmalek, MF; Mishra, G; Rosenberg, EI, 2003) |
"Since angioedema is a local phenomenon, it could be controlled by restoring tissue levels of C1-INH." | ( Cicardi, M; Pappalardo, E; Zingale, LC, 2003) |
"Because angioedema is probably a class side effect of vasopeptidase inhibitors, the higher incidence of this potentially life-threatening complication with omapatrilat has likely stopped the development of this new class of agents." | ( Burnier, M; Maillard, M; Zanchi, A, 2003) |
"Angioedema is a sudden and localized edema involving the deeper cutaneous and mucosa tissue lappers." | ( Andrejak, M; Benabes-Jezraoui, B; Chaby, G; Ducroix, JP; Gras, V; Lok, C; Outurquin, S; Salle, V; Smail, A; Strunski, V, 2004) |
"Angioedema is a non-pruritic swelling usually limited to the skin and mucous membranes of the face and perioral soft tissues." | ( Erley, KJ; Park, DS; Peacock, ME; Swiec, GD, 2005) |
"Angioedema is a recognized possible side effect of ACE inhibitor therapy." | ( Erley, KJ; Park, DS; Peacock, ME; Swiec, GD, 2005) |
"Angioedema is a rare but potentially serious adverse event of angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor therapy." | ( Casale, T; Corren, J; Kaplan, A; Kim, HJ; Kostis, JB; Levy, E; Rusnak, J, 2005) |
"Enalapril-related angioedema is uncommon." | ( Casale, T; Corren, J; Kaplan, A; Kim, HJ; Kostis, JB; Levy, E; Rusnak, J, 2005) |
"Angioedema is a potentially life threatening condition and may be either inherited or acquired." | ( Gupta, C; Kumar, MA, 2005) |
"Angioedema is a localized swelling of sudden onset, often associated with angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitor use, that most commonly occurs in the face and neck." | ( Chiesa, R; de Dominicis, D; Marrocco-Trischitta, MM; Melissano, G, 2006) |
"Angioedema is more common in females and in the third decade of life." | ( Antony, JT; Elias, A; Madhusoodanan, S; Pudukkadan, D, 2006) |
"Unfortunately, angioedema is often unrecognized and/or incorrectly treated." | ( Bas, M; Hoffmann, TK; Kojda, G, 2006) |
"Angioedema is a rare, potentially life-threatening condition that has been associated with angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors since their introduction in the 1980s." | ( Black, HR; Davis, BR; Ford, CE; Nwachuku, C; Oparil, S; Piller, LB; Probstfield, JL; Retta, TM, 2006) |
"Angioedema is characterized by transient, episodic, nonpruritic, nonpitting and well-defined edema that involves the subcutaneous or submucosal tissue, and most commonly develops in the head and neck region." | ( Leung, AK; Robson, WL, 2006) |
"This case of angioedema is secondary to acquired C1 esterase inhibitor deficiency associated with neoplastic disease and triggered by the use of angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitors." | ( Cheng, WY; Russell, WJ; Smith, WB, 2007) |
"Angioedema is a rare but potentially life-threatening adverse effect of angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors." | ( Alonso-Pulpón, L; Garcia-Pavia, P; Tomas, JM, 2007) |
"The acquired angioedema is the most frequently the effect of lymphoproliferative and autoimmunological diseases." | ( Kasznia-Kocot, J; Kordys-Darmolińska, B; Kozowicz, M; Kwaśniak, A; Woś, H; Zukowska, B, 2006) |
"Acquired angioedema is associated with lymphoproliferative or autoimmune disease." | ( Gompels, MM; Lock, RJ, 2007) |
"Angioedema is an underestimated clinical problem." | ( Adams, V; Bas, M; Hoffmann, TK; Kojda, G; Niehues, T; Suvorava, T, 2007) |
"Angioedema is a potentially life-threatening adverse effect of angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors." | ( Adam, A; Brown, NJ; Byrd, JB; Gainer, JV; Nadeau, J; Sile, S; Touzin, K; Yu, C, 2008) |
"Pathogenesis for angioedema is generally thought to be activation of mast cells or basophils, with subsequent release of histamine and other mediator products which can induce inflammatory changes." | ( Brickman, C; Frank, MM; Kaliner, MA; Kornblut, AD; Pruet, CW, 1983) |
"Hereditary angioedema is characterized by recurrent attacks of painless, non itching edema of the face and limbs and sometimes by abdominal symptoms." | ( Vander Eecken, P; Vanderstock, L; Vermeersch, H, 1983) |
"Hereditary angioedema is a relatively uncommon disease that may affect women during their reproductive years." | ( Andreoli, JW; Kaplan, BM; Stiller, RJ, 1984) |
"Although angioedema is a rare occurrence with the use of enalapril, it is potentially life threatening." | ( Higashi, D; Matsumura, T; Numata, Y; Ogata, Y; Oike, Y, 1993) |
"Drug-induced angioedema is a recognized entity of angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitors, and despite reports in medical journals and drug insert warnings, captopril and enalapril continue to be widely prescribed." | ( Frable, MA; Thompson, T, 1993) |
"Hereditary angioedema is caused by a genetic deficiency of C1-inhibitor, a serine protease inhibitor that regulates activation of complement, contact, and fibrinolytic systems." | ( Agostoni, A; Cicardi, M; Cugno, M; de Boer, JP; Eerenberg, AJ; Hack, CE, 1993) |
"Angioedema is a potentially life-threatening side effect of angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitors." | ( Brown, NJ; Gainer, JV; Nadeau, JH; Ryder, D, 1996) |
"Angioedema is a rare but potentially life-threatening adverse effect of angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors (ACEI) which usually occurs within the first weeks of therapy." | ( Bircher, AJ; Haefeli, WE; Messmer, SL; Schiller, PI; Schlienger, RG, 1997) |
"Angioedema is a rare but potentially lethal adverse effect when associated with upper airway obstruction." | ( Lin, JK; Su, WY; Wang, HW; Weng, PK, 1997) |
"Hereditary angioedema is an autosomal dominant disorder resulting from the deficiency of the C1 esterase inhibitor." | ( Farkas, H; Füst, G; Gidófalvy, E; Gyeney, L; Varga, L, 1998) |
"Angioedema is a well-known adverse effect of angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors." | ( Feenstra, J; Kwee-Zuiderwijk, WJ; van Rijnsoever, EW, 1998) |
"Angioedema is a rare but serious adverse effect of ACEI therapy." | ( Dick, L; Guo, X, 1999) |