Roles > nephrotoxin
Page last updated: 2024-08-05 15:11:41

nephrotoxin

A poison that interferes with the function of the kidneys.

ChEBI ID: 61015

Members (12)

MemberDefinitionClass
2,2,4-trimethylpentaneAn alkane that consists of pentane bearing two methyl substituents at position 2 and a single methyl substituent at position 4.isooctane
amikacinAn amino cyclitol glycoside that is kanamycin A acylated at the N-1 position by a 4-amino-2-hydroxybutyryl group.amikacin
aristolochic acid cAn aristolochic acid that is phenanthrene-1-carboxylic acid substituted by a methylenedioxy group at the 3,4 positions, by an hydroxy group at position 6, and by a nitro group at position 10.aristolochic acid C
aristolochic acid DAn aristolochic acid that is phenanthrene-1-carboxylic acid substituted by a methylenedioxy group at the 3,4 positions, by an hydroxy group at position 6, by a methoxy group at position 8, and by a nitro group at position 10.aristolochic acid D
aristolochic acid iAn aristolochic acid that is phenanthrene-1-carboxylic acid that is substituted by a methylenedioxy group at the 3,4 positions, by a methoxy group at position 8, and by a nitro group at position 10. It is the most abundant of the aristolochic acids and is found in almost all Aristolochia (birthworts or pipevines) species. It has been tried in a number of treatments for inflammatory disorders, mainly in Chinese and folk medicine. However, there is concern over their use as aristolochic acid is both carcinogenic and nephrotoxic.aristolochic acid A
aristolochic acid iiAn aristolochic acid that is phenanthrene-1-carboxylic acid substituted by a methylenedioxy group at the 3,4 positions and by a nitro group at position 10.aristolochic acid B
benoxaprofenA monocarboxylic acid that is propionic acid substituted at position 2 by a 2-(4-chlorophenyl)-1,3-benzoxazol-5-yl group. It was used as a non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug until 1982 when it was withdrawn from the market due to adverse side-effects including liver necrosis, photosensitivity, and carcinogenicity in animals.benoxaprofen
cisplatinA diamminedichloroplatinum compound in which the two ammine ligands and two chloro ligands are oriented in a cis planar configuration around the central platinum ion. An anticancer drug that interacts with, and forms cross-links between, DNA and proteins, it is used as a neoplasm inhibitor to treat solid tumours, primarily of the testis and ovary. Commonly but incorrectly described as an alkylating agent due to its mechanism of action (but it lacks alkyl groups).cisplatin; transplatin
lead chromateA chromium coordination entity comprising chromate and lead(2+) ions in a 1:1 ratiolead chromate
ochratoxin aA phenylalanine derivative resulting from the formal condensation of the amino group of L-phenylalanine with the carboxy group of (3R)-5-chloro-8-hydroxy-3-methyl-1-oxo-3,4-dihydro-1H-2-benzopyran-7-carboxylic acid (ochratoxin alpha). It is among the most widely occurring food-contaminating mycotoxins, produced by Aspergillus ochraceus, Aspergillus carbonarius and Penicillium verrucosum.ochratoxin A
sodium bromateAn inorganic sodium salt having bromate as the counterion.sodium bromate
synthalin aA member of the class of guanidines that is decane having guanidino groups at the 1- and 10-positions.synthalin A

Research

Studies (9,170)

TimeframeStudies, Drugs with This Role(%)All Drugs %
pre-19901,994 (21.74)18.7374
1990's1,288 (14.05)18.2507
2000's2,057 (22.43)29.6817
2010's2,766 (30.16)24.3611
2020's1,065 (11.61)2.80

Study Types

Publication TypeStudies, Drugs with this Role (%)All Drugs (%)
Trials547 (5.60%)5.53%
Reviews508 (5.20%)6.00%
Case Studies748 (7.66%)4.05%
Observational32 (0.33%)0.25%
Other7,927 (81.20%)84.16%

Protein Targets (123)

Potency Measurements

ProteinTaxonomyMeasurementAverage (mM)Bioassay(s)Drugs
15-hydroxyprostaglandin dehydrogenase [NAD(+)] isoform 1Homo sapiens (human)Potency19.091912
15-lipoxygenase, partialHomo sapiens (human)Potency0.794311
aldehyde dehydrogenase 1 family, member A1Homo sapiens (human)Potency30.357717
alpha-galactosidaseHomo sapiens (human)Potency27.717022
Amyloid-beta precursor proteinHomo sapiens (human)Potency20.596211
AR proteinHomo sapiens (human)Potency23.142233
ATP-dependent phosphofructokinaseTrypanosoma brucei brucei TREU927Potency21.802022
Bloom syndrome protein isoform 1Homo sapiens (human)Potency28.183822
Cellular tumor antigen p53Homo sapiens (human)Potency0.891311
Chain A, 2-oxoglutarate OxygenaseHomo sapiens (human)Potency12.589311
Chain A, ATP-DEPENDENT DNA HELICASE Q1Homo sapiens (human)Potency25.118911
Chain A, CruzipainTrypanosoma cruziPotency22.387211
Chain A, Ferritin light chainEquus caballus (horse)Potency25.118911
Chain A, HADH2 proteinHomo sapiens (human)Potency12.758522
Chain A, MAJOR APURINIC/APYRIMIDINIC ENDONUCLEASEHomo sapiens (human)Potency28.183822
Chain A, Putative fructose-1,6-bisphosphate aldolaseGiardia intestinalisPotency22.334211
Chain A, TYROSYL-DNA PHOSPHODIESTERASEHomo sapiens (human)Potency7.079511
Chain B, HADH2 proteinHomo sapiens (human)Potency12.758522
chromobox protein homolog 1Homo sapiens (human)Potency8.912511
cytochrome P450 2C19 precursorHomo sapiens (human)Potency12.589311
cytochrome P450 2C9 precursorHomo sapiens (human)Potency3.162311
cytochrome P450 2D6 isoform 1Homo sapiens (human)Potency39.810711
cytochrome P450 3A4 isoform 1Homo sapiens (human)Potency15.678227
DNA dC->dU-editing enzyme APOBEC-3F isoform aHomo sapiens (human)Potency7.943311
DNA polymerase III, partialBacillus subtilisPotency18.887611
DNA polymerase iota isoform a (long)Homo sapiens (human)Potency57.122012
DNA polymerase kappa isoform 1Homo sapiens (human)Potency63.405412
endonuclease IVEscherichia coliPotency1.412511
estrogen nuclear receptor alphaHomo sapiens (human)Potency33.333833
estrogen receptor 2 (ER beta)Homo sapiens (human)Potency59.988522
estrogen-related nuclear receptor alphaHomo sapiens (human)Potency56.914244
euchromatic histone-lysine N-methyltransferase 2Homo sapiens (human)Potency0.382412
farnesoid X nuclear receptorHomo sapiens (human)Potency23.040422
flap endonuclease 1Homo sapiens (human)Potency41.072924
GABA theta subunitRattus norvegicus (Norway rat)Potency14.968414
Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit alpha-1Rattus norvegicus (Norway rat)Potency14.968414
Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit alpha-2Rattus norvegicus (Norway rat)Potency14.968414
Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit alpha-3Rattus norvegicus (Norway rat)Potency14.968414
Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit alpha-4Rattus norvegicus (Norway rat)Potency14.968414
Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit alpha-5Rattus norvegicus (Norway rat)Potency14.968414
Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit alpha-6Rattus norvegicus (Norway rat)Potency14.968414
Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit beta-1Rattus norvegicus (Norway rat)Potency14.968414
Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit beta-2Rattus norvegicus (Norway rat)Potency14.968414
Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit beta-3Rattus norvegicus (Norway rat)Potency14.968414
Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit deltaRattus norvegicus (Norway rat)Potency14.968414
Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit epsilonRattus norvegicus (Norway rat)Potency14.968414
Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit gamma-1Rattus norvegicus (Norway rat)Potency14.968414
Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit gamma-2Rattus norvegicus (Norway rat)Potency14.968414
Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit gamma-3Rattus norvegicus (Norway rat)Potency14.968414
Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit piRattus norvegicus (Norway rat)Potency14.968414
gemininHomo sapiens (human)Potency1.890323
GLI family zinc finger 3Homo sapiens (human)Potency13.289811
glp-1 receptor, partialHomo sapiens (human)Potency28.183811
GLS proteinHomo sapiens (human)Potency24.035322
glucocerebrosidaseHomo sapiens (human)Potency31.622811
glucocorticoid receptor [Homo sapiens]Homo sapiens (human)Potency2.026822
glucokinase regulatory proteinHomo sapiens (human)Potency31.622811
GTP-binding nuclear protein Ran isoform 1Homo sapiens (human)Potency6.513111
guanine nucleotide-binding protein G(i) subunit alpha-1 isoform 1Homo sapiens (human)Potency1.995311
hexokinase-4 isoform 1Homo sapiens (human)Potency31.622811
Histamine H2 receptorCavia porcellus (domestic guinea pig)Potency3.162313
histone acetyltransferase KAT2A isoform 1Homo sapiens (human)Potency25.787712
histone-lysine N-methyltransferase 2A isoform 2 precursorHomo sapiens (human)Potency50.118711
hypothetical protein, conservedTrypanosoma bruceiPotency1.901211
importin subunit beta-1 isoform 1Homo sapiens (human)Potency17.348422
Inositol monophosphatase 1Rattus norvegicus (Norway rat)Potency17.782811
lamin isoform A-delta10Homo sapiens (human)Potency0.158511
lethal factor (plasmid)Bacillus anthracis str. A2012Potency10.000011
lysosomal alpha-glucosidase preproproteinHomo sapiens (human)Potency35.481311
M-phase phosphoprotein 8Homo sapiens (human)Potency2.615712
Microtubule-associated protein tauHomo sapiens (human)Potency12.076825
mitogen-activated protein kinase 1Homo sapiens (human)Potency62.559412
muscarinic acetylcholine receptor M1Rattus norvegicus (Norway rat)Potency0.141311
neuropeptide S receptor isoform AHomo sapiens (human)Potency25.118911
nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 isoform 1Homo sapiens (human)Potency36.013622
nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 isoform 2Homo sapiens (human)Potency11.582111
nuclear factor NF-kappa-B p105 subunit isoform 1Homo sapiens (human)Potency44.668411
Nuclear receptor ROR-gammaHomo sapiens (human)Potency54.234812
nuclear receptor ROR-gamma isoform 1Mus musculus (house mouse)Potency16.919724
nuclear receptor subfamily 1, group I, member 3Homo sapiens (human)Potency47.830433
parathyroid hormone/parathyroid hormone-related peptide receptor precursorHomo sapiens (human)Potency31.622811
peptidyl-prolyl cis-trans isomerase NIMA-interacting 1Homo sapiens (human)Potency20.490022
peripheral myelin protein 22Rattus norvegicus (Norway rat)Potency9.074311
peripheral myelin protein 22 isoform 1Homo sapiens (human)Potency84.921411
peroxisome proliferator activated receptor gammaHomo sapiens (human)Potency1.278822
peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor deltaHomo sapiens (human)Potency42.239522
phosphoglycerate kinaseTrypanosoma brucei brucei TREU927Potency26.854511
phosphopantetheinyl transferaseBacillus subtilisPotency89.125111
plasminogen precursorMus musculus (house mouse)Potency14.125411
progesterone receptorHomo sapiens (human)Potency56.539111
RAR-related orphan receptor gammaMus musculus (house mouse)Potency40.026611
regulator of G-protein signaling 4Homo sapiens (human)Potency1.500311
retinoic acid nuclear receptor alpha variant 1Homo sapiens (human)Potency30.464422
RGS12Homo sapiens (human)Potency1.995311
snurportin-1Homo sapiens (human)Potency17.348422
survival motor neuron protein isoform dHomo sapiens (human)Potency12.062712
TDP1 proteinHomo sapiens (human)Potency21.5213212
thioredoxin reductaseRattus norvegicus (Norway rat)Potency0.503435
ThrombopoietinHomo sapiens (human)Potency12.589322
thyroid hormone receptor beta isoform aHomo sapiens (human)Potency24.567622
urokinase plasminogen activator surface receptor precursorMus musculus (house mouse)Potency14.125411
urokinase-type plasminogen activator precursorMus musculus (house mouse)Potency14.125411
USP1 protein, partialHomo sapiens (human)Potency31.622811
vitamin D (1,25- dihydroxyvitamin D3) receptorHomo sapiens (human)Potency28.628822
vitamin D3 receptor isoform VDRAHomo sapiens (human)Potency15.848911

Inhibition Measurements

ProteinTaxonomyMeasurementAverage (mM)Bioassay(s)Drugs
ATP-binding cassette sub-family C member 3Homo sapiens (human)IC50133.000011
Bile salt export pumpHomo sapiens (human)IC50136.675044
Bile salt export pumpRattus norvegicus (Norway rat)IC5099.100011
Canalicular multispecific organic anion transporter 1Homo sapiens (human)IC5095.500022
Cyclin-dependent kinase 2Homo sapiens (human)IC5023.750014
L-cysteine:1D-myo-inositol 2-amino-2-deoxy-alpha-D-glucopyranoside ligaseMycobacterium tuberculosis H37RvIC502,500.000011
Multidrug resistance-associated protein 4Homo sapiens (human)IC50133.000011
Solute carrier family 22 member 20Mus musculus (house mouse)Ki48.989012
Solute carrier family 22 member 6Mus musculus (house mouse)Ki6.254812

Other Measurements

ProteinTaxonomyMeasurementAverage (mM)Bioassay(s)Drugs
Aminoglycoside 3'-phosphotransferase Pseudomonas aeruginosa PAO1Km440.000011
Solute carrier family 22 member 11Homo sapiens (human)Km22.900011
Solute carrier family 22 member 19Mus musculus (house mouse)Km2.000011
Solute carrier family 22 member 6Homo sapiens (human)Km0.420011
Solute carrier family 22 member 6Rattus norvegicus (Norway rat)Km1.335022
Solute carrier family 22 member 8Homo sapiens (human)Km0.750011
Solute carrier family 22 member 8Rattus norvegicus (Norway rat)Km0.739011
Solute carrier organic anion transporter family member 1A1Rattus norvegicus (Norway rat)Km22.800022
Solute carrier organic anion transporter family member 1A3Rattus norvegicus (Norway rat)Km11.100022
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