uridine diphosphate profile

UDP(3-) : A nucleoside 5'-diphosphate(3-) arising from deprotonation of the diphosphate OH groups of uridine 5'-diphosphate (UDP); major species at pH 7.3. [Chemical Entities of Biological Interest (ChEBI), Hastings J, Owen G, Dekker A, Ennis M, Kale N, Muthukrishnan V, Turner S, Swainston N, Mendes P, Steinbeck C. (2016). ChEBI in 2016: Improved services and an expanding collection of metabolites. Nucleic Acids Res]

Uridine Diphosphate: A uracil nucleotide containing a pyrophosphate group esterified to C5 of the sugar moiety. [Medical Subject Headings (MeSH), National Library of Medicine, extracted Dec-2023]

ID Source	ID
PubMed CID	20056717
CHEMBL ID	1096401
CHEBI ID	58223
MeSH ID	M0022345
PubMed CID	6031
CHEMBL ID	130266
CHEBI ID	17659
SCHEMBL ID	4245
MeSH ID	M0022345

Synonym
uridine 5'-diphosphate trianion
uridine 5'-diphosphate(3-)
udp(3-)
udp trianion
5'-o-[(phosphonatooxy)phosphinato]uridine
CHEBI:58223
uridine-diphosphate
2VL8
CHEMBL1096401 ,
uridine diphosphate trisodium salt
bdbm50318022
[[(2r,3s,4r,5r)-5-[2,4-bis(oxidanylidene)pyrimidin-1-yl]-3,4-bis(oxidanyl)oxolan-2-yl]methoxy-oxidanidyl-phosphoryl] phosphate
A832095
[[(2r,3s,4r,5r)-5-(2,4-dioxo-1-pyrimidinyl)-3,4-dihydroxy-2-oxolanyl]methoxy-oxidophosphoryl] phosphate
2WZF
3DXH
4DMW
4AY5
3DJQ
Q27125623
86527-70-0
uridine 5'-(trihydrogen diphosphate), ion(3-)
DTXSID301253877
[[(2r,3s,4r,5r)-5-(2,4-dioxopyrimidin-1-yl)-3,4-dihydroxyoxolan-2-yl]methoxy-oxidophosphoryl] phosphate
uridine pyrophosphate
gtpl1749
uridine 5'-(trihydrogen diphosphate)
uridine diphosphate
CHEBI:17659 ,
LOPAC0_001205
2,4(1h,3h)-pyrimidinedione, 1-[5-o-[hydroxy(phosphonooxy)phosphinyl]-beta-d-ribofuranosyl]-
uridine 5'-(trihydrogen diphosphate-p-32p) (9ci)
uridine 5'-pyrophosphate
uridine 5'-pyrophosphoric acid
uridine, 5'-(trihydrogen diphosphate)
uridine diphosphate (6ci)
uridine 5'-(trihydrogen pyrophosphate) (8ci)
uridine 5'-(trihydrogen diphosphate) (9ci)
5'-udp
uridine 5'-(trihydrogen pyrophosphate)
uridine pyrophosphate (7ci)
uridine 5'-diphosphate
58-98-0
UDP ,
uridine-5'-diphosphate
C00015
DB03435
1O7O
1GWW
1GX4
NCGC00163324-01
einecs 200-409-6
CHEMBL130266 ,
bdbm50118239
uridine 5''-(trihydrogen diphosphate)
BMSE000266
[(2r,3s,4r,5r)-5-(2,4-dioxopyrimidin-1-yl)-3,4-dihydroxyoxolan-2-yl]methyl phosphono hydrogen phosphate
bdbm50403871
uridine_diphosphate
5g0f599a1y ,
unii-5g0f599a1y
uridine 5'-diphosphate [mi]
uridine 5'-diphosphoric acid
SCHEMBL4245
XCCTYIAWTASOJW-XVFCMESISA-N
[({[(2r,3s,4r,5r)-5-(2,4-dioxo-1,2,3,4-tetrahydropyrimidin-1-yl)-3,4-dihydroxyoxolan-2-yl]methoxy}(hydroxy)phosphoryl)oxy]phosphonic acid
uridine 5'-pyrophosphorate
Q412593
DTXSID001018933
((2r,3s,4r,5r)-5-(2,4-dioxo-3,4-dihydropyrimidin-1(2h)-yl)-3,4-dihydroxytetrahydrofuran-2-yl)methyltrihydrogendiphosphate

Excerpt	Reference	Relevance
"Uridine diphosphate (UDP) is a proinflammatory nucleotide implicated in inflammatory bowel disease. "	( Intestinal alkaline phosphatase inhibits the proinflammatory nucleotide uridine diphosphate. Alam, SN; Hamarneh, SR; Hodin, RA; Hohmann, E; Kaliannan, K; Malo, MS; Malo, NS; Millán, JL; Moaven, O; Mohamed, MM; Moss, AK; Muhammad, N; Narisawa, S; Patel, P; Ramasamy, S; Teshager, A; Warren, HS; Yammine, H, 2013)	2.06

Excerpt	Reference	Relevance
" A mixed-effects model was used to analyze the effect of valproic acid on the natural log-transformed pharmacokinetic parameters of vixotrigine and its metabolites including maximum concentration and area under the concentration-time curve from time zero to infinity."	( Evaluation of the Effect of Uridine Diphosphate-Glucuronosyltransferases (UGT) Inhibition by Valproic Acid on Vixotrigine Pharmacokinetics in Healthy Volunteers. Finnigan, H; Kotecha, M; Naik, H; Serenko, M; Zhao, Y, 2022)	1.02
" Therefore, changes in UGT1A9 activity caused by SOR may lead to pharmacokinetic interactions between the two drugs."	( Development of UPLC-MS/MS Method to Study the Pharmacokinetic Interaction between Sorafenib and Dapagliflozin in Rats. Cui, Y; Dong, Z; Fu, Y; He, X; Li, Y; Ma, Y; Xun, X, 2022)	0.72

Excerpt	Reference	Relevance
" Additionally, in vitro experimental approaches and scaling strategies have been successfully applied to the quantitative prediction of in vivo clearance via glucuronidation and drug-drug interaction potential."	( The prediction of drug-glucuronidation parameters in humans: UDP-glucuronosyltransferase enzyme-selective substrate and inhibitor probes for reaction phenotyping and in vitro-in vivo extrapolation of drug clearance and drug-drug interaction potential. Knights, KM; Mackenzie, PI; Miners, JO, 2010)	0.36
" However, there haven't been systematic study about the inhibition of tucatinib on UDP-Glucuronosyltransferases (UGTs) and the potential risk of drug-drug interactions (DDIs)."	( Drug-drug interaction potentials of tucatinib inhibition of human UDP-glucuronosyltransferases. Jiang, L; Liu, Y; Lv, X; Wang, Z; Xia, Y; Yin, H, 2023)	0.91
" In this research, we evaluated the inhibitory effects of ponatinib on human recombinant UDP-glucuronosyltransferases (UGTs) and predicted the magnitude of potential drug-drug interaction (DDI) risk of co-treatment with ponatinib and UGTs substrates by using in vitro-in vivo extrapolation (IVIVE) method."	( Potential risk of drug-drug interactions of ponatinib via inhibition against human UDP-glucuronosyltransferases. Jiang, L; Liu, Y; Lv, X; Wang, Z; Ye, W; Yin, H, 2023)	0.91

Excerpt	Reference	Relevance
"Glucosylation is a predominant flavonoid modification reaction affecting the solubility, stability, and subsequent bioavailability of these metabolites."	( Identification, recombinant expression, and biochemical characterization of a flavonol 3-O-glucosyltransferase clone from Citrus paradisi. McIntosh, CA; Owens, DK, )	0.13
"Nanoemulsions have been developed for the oral delivery of poorly bioavailable phenolic compounds that are sensitive to intestinal glucuronidation."	( Involvement of the inhibition of intestinal glucuronidation in enhancing the oral bioavailability of resveratrol by labrasol containing nanoemulsions. Chang, Q; Liao, YH; Liu, CY; Liu, XM; Pan, RL; Yang, FF; Zhou, J; Zhou, M, 2015)	0.42
"The extensive glucuronidation and methylation is responsible for the low oral bioavailability of WEL in rats."	( Wedelolactone metabolism in rats through regioselective glucuronidation catalyzed by uridine diphosphate-glucuronosyltransferases 1As (UGT1As). Chen, XY; Huang, XJ; Li, L; Peng, JL; Zhang, CF; Zheng, MY; Zhong, DF, 2016)	0.66
"The ability of glycosyltransferases (GTs) to reduce volatility, increase solubility, and thus alter the bioavailability of small molecules through glycosylation has attracted immense attention in pharmaceutical, nutraceutical, and cosmeceutical industries."	( Comparative Analysis of High-Throughput Assays of Family-1 Plant Glycosyltransferases. McGraphery, K; Schwab, W, 2020)	0.56
"Glycosylation is a key modification that contributes to determine bioactivity and bioavailability of plant natural products, including that of terpenoids and steviol glycosides (SVglys)."	( Development of screening methods for functional characterization of UGTs from Stevia rebaudiana. Berger, M; Camborde, L; Daydé, J; Jacques, A; Petit, E; Vallejo, V, 2020)	0.56
" Poor and variable oral bioavailability of DMA after DMAU dosing is a critical challenge to develop it as an oral drug."	( Dimethandrolone, a Potential Male Contraceptive Pill, is Primarily Metabolized by the Highly Polymorphic UDP-Glucuronosyltransferase 2B17 Enzyme in Human Intestine and Liver. Ahire, D; Amory, JK; Basit, A; Blithe, DL; Heyward, S; Lajoie, M; Lee, MS; Prasad, B; Sharma, S; Singh, DK; Wang, C, 2022)	0.72

Excerpt	Relevance	Reference
" Bell-shaped dose-response curves for stimulation of phosphoinositide hydrolysis were obtained in these cells."	( Dual effect of nucleotides on P2Y receptors. Barnard, EA; Järv, J; Sak, K, 2000)	0.31
" Poor and variable oral bioavailability of DMA after DMAU dosing is a critical challenge to develop it as an oral drug."	( Dimethandrolone, a Potential Male Contraceptive Pill, is Primarily Metabolized by the Highly Polymorphic UDP-Glucuronosyltransferase 2B17 Enzyme in Human Intestine and Liver. Ahire, D; Amory, JK; Basit, A; Blithe, DL; Heyward, S; Lajoie, M; Lee, MS; Prasad, B; Sharma, S; Singh, DK; Wang, C, 2022)	0.72

Role	Description
human metabolite	Any mammalian metabolite produced during a metabolic reaction in humans (Homo sapiens).
Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite	Any fungal metabolite produced during a metabolic reaction in Baker's yeast (Saccharomyces cerevisiae).
Escherichia coli metabolite	Any bacterial metabolite produced during a metabolic reaction in Escherichia coli.
mouse metabolite	Any mammalian metabolite produced during a metabolic reaction in a mouse (Mus musculus).
[role information is derived from Chemical Entities of Biological Interest (ChEBI), Hastings J, Owen G, Dekker A, Ennis M, Kale N, Muthukrishnan V, Turner S, Swainston N, Mendes P, Steinbeck C. (2016). ChEBI in 2016: Improved services and an expanding collection of metabolites. Nucleic Acids Res]

Class	Description
nucleoside 5'-diphosphate(3-)	Trianion of nucleoside diphosphate arising from deprotonation of all three free OH groups of the diphosphate; major species at pH 7.3.
uridine 5'-phosphate
pyrimidine ribonucleoside 5'-diphosphate
[compound class information is derived from Chemical Entities of Biological Interest (ChEBI), Hastings J, Owen G, Dekker A, Ennis M, Kale N, Muthukrishnan V, Turner S, Swainston N, Mendes P, Steinbeck C. (2016). ChEBI in 2016: Improved services and an expanding collection of metabolites. Nucleic Acids Res]

Pathway	Proteins	Compounds
Metabolism	1496	1108
Carbohydrate metabolism	173	120
Glycogen metabolism	20	16
Glycogen synthesis	10	10
Lactose synthesis	3	5
Glycosaminoglycan metabolism	36	37
Keratan sulfate/keratin metabolism	9	18
Keratan sulfate biosynthesis	8	9
Heparan sulfate/heparin (HS-GAG) metabolism	18	20
A tetrasaccharide linker sequence is required for GAG synthesis	5	5
HS-GAG biosynthesis	6	8
Chondroitin sulfate/dermatan sulfate metabolism	12	15
Chondroitin sulfate biosynthesis	2	5
Metabolism of lipids	500	463
Sphingolipid metabolism	55	50
Glycosphingolipid metabolism	30	31
Abacavir ADME	6	24
Abacavir metabolism	4	23
Programmed Cell Death	170	12
Regulated Necrosis	38	9
RIPK1-mediated regulated necrosis	23	7
Regulation of necroptotic cell death	21	6
Signaling Pathways	1269	117
Signaling by Receptor Tyrosine Kinases	293	35
Signaling by FGFR	47	7
Signaling by FGFR3	21	7
FGFR3 ligand binding and activation	4	4
FGFR3c ligand binding and activation	3	4
Signaling by GPCR	249	55
GPCR ligand binding	193	39
Class A/1 (Rhodopsin-like receptors)	161	36
Nucleotide-like (purinergic) receptors	12	7
P2Y receptors	12	6
GPCR downstream signalling	172	52
G alpha (q) signalling events	79	28
Signaling by NOTCH	113	14
Pre-NOTCH Expression and Processing	24	13
Pre-NOTCH Processing in Golgi	9	5
Blood group systems biosynthesis	9	13
ABO blood group biosynthesis	3	6
Lewis blood group biosynthesis	5	12
Lipopolysaccharide Biosynthesis	41	53
Amino Sugar and Nucleotide Sugar Metabolism III	23	40
Metabolism of proteins	1058	144
Lipopolysaccharide Biosynthesis II	40	53
Polymyxin Resistance	4	18
Lipopolysaccharide Biosynthesis III	33	52
Leloir Pathway	6	12
Amino Sugar and Nucleotide Sugar Metabolism	22	29
N-Glycan Biosynthesis	15	25
Post-translational protein modification	666	112
Post-translational modification: synthesis of GPI-anchored proteins	28	10
Synthesis of glycosylphosphatidylinositol (GPI)	18	8
Asparagine N-linked glycosylation	164	78
Biosynthesis of the N-glycan precursor (dolichol lipid-linked oligosaccharide, LLO) and transfer to a nascent protein	50	68
Synthesis of substrates in N-glycan biosythesis	37	56
Synthesis of dolichyl-phosphate-glucose	2	7
Sialic acid metabolism	13	18
Transport to the Golgi and subsequent modification	85	18
N-glycan trimming and elongation in the cis-Golgi	2	4
N-glycan antennae elongation in the medial/trans-Golgi	20	13
Reactions specific to the complex N-glycan synthesis pathway	10	10
O-linked glycosylation	19	19
O-linked glycosylation of mucins	7	8
pyrimidine deoxyribonucleotides de novo biosynthesis III	6	21
orientin and isoorientin biosynthesis I	0	9
betacyanin biosynthesis	1	17
superpathway of anthocyanin biosynthesis (from delphinidin 3-O-glucoside)	1	17
trehalose biosynthesis I	2	8
salicylate glucosides biosynthesis II	1	9
u03B1-solanine/u03B1-chaconine biosynthesis	3	8
saponin biosynthesis III	0	7
DIBOA-glucoside biosynthesis	7	13
crocetin esters biosynthesis	1	9
monolignol glucosides biosynthesis	1	11
stachyose biosynthesis	5	23
des-methyl avenacin A-1 biosynthesis	3	4
calycosin 7-O-glucoside biosynthesis	1	5
luteolin triglucuronide biosynthesis	0	9
superpathway of pyrimidine deoxyribonucleotides de novo biosynthesis	10	34
3,4-dihydroxymandelonitrile u03B2-D-glucose biosynthesis	0	4
anthocyanidin sophoroside metabolism	0	6
daphnin interconversion	0	10
flavonoid di-C-glucosylation	0	22
kaempferol diglycoside biosynthesis (pollen-specific)	1	8
superpathway of hydrolyzable tannin biosynthesis	0	23
salidroside biosynthesis	2	15
superpathway of pyrimidine ribonucleotides de novo biosynthesis	6	22
scopolin biosynthesis	1	5
quercetin gentiotetraside biosynthesis	3	17
salicylate glucosides biosynthesis III	2	3
quercetin glycoside biosynthesis (Arabidopsis)	10	8
B series fagopyritols biosynthesis	2	8
lipid IVA biosynthesis	1	14
gossypetin metabolism	0	25
quercetin triglucoside biosynthesis	0	7
luteolinidin 5-O-glucoside biosynthesis	4	16
indole-3-acetate inactivation III	0	9
protein N-glycosylation initial phase (eukaryotic)	4	18
soybean saponin I biosynthesis	3	16
anthocyanidin acylglucoside and acylsambubioside biosynthesis	3	20
podophyllotoxin glucosides metabolism	0	14
salicin biosynthesis	0	12
naringenin glycoside biosynthesis	0	8
UDP-glucose biosynthesis (from sucrose)	0	5
ternatin C5 biosynthesis	0	9
sulfoquinovosyl diacylglycerol biosynthesis	0	7
anthocyanin biosynthesis	1	10
acylated cyanidin galactoside biosynthesis	1	12
vitexin and derivatives biosynthesis	0	15
medicarpin conjugates interconversion	0	15
6'-deoxychalcone metabolism	0	14
rose anthocyanin biosynthesis II (via cyanidin 3-O-u03B2-D-glucoside)	3	6
hesperitin glycoside biosynthesis	0	10
baicalein metabolism	3	13
furaneol and mesifurane biosynthesis	2	14
sesaminol glucoside biosynthesis	5	8
rutin biosynthesis	0	13
xylan biosynthesis	2	5
UDP-D-apiose biosynthesis (from UDP-D-glucuronate)	1	10
steviol glucoside biosynthesis (rebaudioside A biosynthesis)	3	4
N-methylanthraniloyl-u03B2-D-glucopyranose biosynthesis	3	7
2,4,6-trinitrotoluene degradation	3	9
xylogalacturonan biosynthesis	0	3
sinapate ester biosynthesis	2	21
eupatolitin 3-O-glucoside biosynthesis	0	30
lychnose and isolychnose biosynthesis	0	9
flavonol acylglucoside biosynthesis I - kaempferol derivatives	0	9
trichloroethene degradation	0	14
superpathway of avenacin A biosynthesis	6	15
kaempferol gentiobioside biosynthesis	3	17
maysin biosynthesis	0	6
violdelphin biosynthesis	5	13
anthocyanidin sambubioside biosynthesis	1	15
quercetin glucoside biosynthesis (Allium)	2	9
1,3-u03B2-D-glucan biosynthesis	3	3
phenylethanol glycoconjugate biosynthesis	0	6
saponin biosynthesis IV	0	6
polymethylated quercetin glucoside biosynthesis I - quercetin series (Chrysosplenium)	2	26
cytokinins 7-N-glucoside biosynthesis	0	14
ajmaline and sarpagine biosynthesis	1	37
superpathway of anthocyanin biosynthesis (from pelargonidin 3-O-glucoside)	2	31
pyrimidine ribonucleotides interconversion	4	16
galactolipid biosynthesis I	1	4
genistein conjugates interconversion	0	16
salvianin biosynthesis	1	21
apigenin glycosides biosynthesis	0	11
pinocembrin C-glucosylation	3	7
wogonin metabolism	3	8
daphnetin modification	1	11
superpathway of indole-3-acetate conjugate biosynthesis	8	28
superpathway of pyrimidine ribonucleosides salvage	7	20
benzoyl-u03B2-D-glucopyranose biosynthesis	3	4
cytokinins 9-N-glucoside biosynthesis	0	15
indole-3-acetate inactivation IX	0	17
saponin biosynthesis II	0	13
shisonin biosynthesis	1	17
pelargonidin conjugates biosynthesis	2	23
daidzein conjugates interconversion	0	16
isovitexin glycosides biosynthesis	0	10
geranyl u03B2-primeveroside biosynthesis	2	5
crocetin biosynthesis	0	13
superpathway of benzoxazinoid glucosides biosynthesis	9	20
coniferin metabolism	3	8
coumarin biosynthesis (via 2-coumarate)	1	18
apigeninidin 5-O-glucoside biosynthesis	3	16
chalcone 2'-O-glucoside biosynthesis	0	4
brassinosteroids inactivation	2	10
abscisic acid degradation by glucosylation	8	7
rose anthocyanin biosynthesis I (via cyanidin 5-O-u03B2-D-glucoside)	0	5
superpathway of betalain biosynthesis	2	41
naringenin C-glucosylation	2	9
anthocyanin biosynthesis (pelargonidin 3-O-glucoside)	2	11
indican biosynthesis	0	10
flavonol glucosylation I	1	18
sucrose biosynthesis II	15	18
cichoriin interconversion	0	13
cellulose biosynthesis	1	2
UTP and CTP de novo biosynthesis	3	11
phenolic malonylglucosides biosynthesis	2	10
luteolin glycosides biosynthesis	0	7
anthocyanidin modification (Arabidopsis)	8	16
myricetin gentiobioside biosynthesis	3	16
biochanin A conjugates interconversion	0	16
ginsenosides biosynthesis	2	25
superpathway of pyrimidine nucleobases salvage	5	14
genistin gentiobioside biosynthesis	1	5
galloylated catechin biosynthesis	0	13
xyloglucan biosynthesis	5	8
sphingolipid biosynthesis (plants)	12	23
sucrose biosynthesis I (from photosynthesis)	11	24
anthocyanin biosynthesis (delphinidin 3-O-glucoside)	0	11
homogalacturonan biosynthesis	0	15
stellariose and mediose biosynthesis	0	8
polymethylated quercetin glucoside biosynthesis II - quercetagetin series (Chrysosplenium)	2	31
cardenolide glucosides biosynthesis	0	5
phloridzin biosynthesis	2	12
superpathway of flavones and derivatives biosynthesis	17	44
kaempferide triglycoside biosynthesis	1	15
esculetin modification	2	19
superpathway of formononetin derivative biosynthesis	0	31
pentagalloylglucose biosynthesis	0	12
superpathway of scopolin and esculin biosynthesis	1	27
N-glucosylnicotinate metabolism	0	6
cinnamate esters biosynthesis	1	4
pyrimidine deoxyribonucleotides de novo biosynthesis I	5	20
flavonol acylglucoside biosynthesis III - quercetin derivatives	0	8
proanthocyanidins biosynthesis from flavanols	0	16
tetrahydrofolate biosynthesis II	12	32
avenacin A-1 biosynthesis	3	10
secologanin and strictosidine biosynthesis	3	32
hispidol and hispidol 4'-O-u03B2-D-glucoside biosynthesis	0	8
maackiain conjugates interconversion	0	15
flavonol acylglucoside biosynthesis II - isorhamnetin derivatives	0	7
kaempferol glycoside biosynthesis (Arabidopsis)	3	9
curcumin glucoside biosynthesis	1	7
formononetin conjugates interconversion	0	14
eriodictyol C-glucosylation	2	9
aurone biosynthesis	0	19
gentiodelphin biosynthesis	1	13
superpathway of anthocyanin biosynthesis (from cyanidin and cyanidin 3-O-glucoside)	5	19
amaranthin biosynthesis	0	9
kaempferol triglucoside biosynthesis	0	10
afrormosin conjugates interconversion	0	7
superpathway of polymethylated quercetin/quercetagetin glucoside biosynthesis (Chrysosplenium)	2	34
A series fagopyritols biosynthesis	1	8
superpathway of anaerobic sucrose degradation	33	60
(+)-secoisolariciresinol diglucoside biosynthesis	1	6
tuberonate glucoside biosynthesis	0	9
salicylate glucosides biosynthesis IV	3	5
cytokinin-O-glucosides biosynthesis	6	14
sucrose degradation II (sucrose synthase)	17	22
quercetin diglycoside biosynthesis (pollen-specific)	1	8
tropane alkaloids biosynthesis	0	28
superpathway of hyoscyamine (atropine) and scopolamine biosynthesis	0	39
Biomarkers for pyrimidine metabolism disorders	14	32
taxiphyllin biosynthesis	2	14
prunasin and amygdalin biosynthesis	0	15
lotaustralin biosynthesis	1	14
jasmonoyl-L-isoleucine inactivation	6	12
glucosinolate biosynthesis from dihomomethionine	6	27
salicylate glucosides biosynthesis I	2	5
glucosinolate biosynthesis from tryptophan	12	29
glucosinolate biosynthesis from pentahomomethionine	4	18
glucosinolate biosynthesis from phenylalanine	6	27
glucosinolate biosynthesis from homomethionine	6	29
superpathway of linamarin and lotaustralin biosynthesis	1	23
gentisate 5-O-u03B2-D-xylopyranoside biosynthesis	1	5
dhurrin biosynthesis	2	14
phenylpropanoid volatiles glycoconjugation (tomato)	1	7
glucosinolate biosynthesis from trihomomethionine	4	22
superpathway of methylsalicylate metabolism	3	11
u03B1-tomatine biosynthesis	4	17
glucosinolate biosynthesis from hexahomomethionine	4	19
solasodine glycosylation	3	12
linamarin biosynthesis	1	15
heme degradation I	0	14
glucosinolate biosynthesis from tetrahomomethionine	4	18
glucosinolate biosynthesis from tyrosine	0	21
Renz2020 - GEM of Human alveolar macrophage with SARS-CoV-2	0	490
Purinergic signaling	0	53
Drug ADME	63	87
APAP ADME	17	30
Atorvastatin ADME	4	9
Prednisone ADME	7	10
superpathway of glycoalkaloid metabolism (Solanaceae)	4	15
complex N-linked glycan biosynthesis (plants)	0	9
leucine-derived hydroxynitrile glucoside biosynthesis	0	9
11p11.2 copy number variation syndrome	2	16
5q35 copy number variation	0	12
Glycosphingolipid biosynthesis	13	16
super pathway of glycosphingolipids biosynthesis	26	16
biosynthesis of ABH and Lewis epitopes from type 1 precursor disaccharide	6	8
dolichyl-diphosphooligosaccharide biosynthesis	22	23
superpathway of tryptophan utilization	42	92
pyrimidine deoxyribonucleotides de novo biosynthesis	15	18
biosynthesis of ABH and Lewis epitopes from type 2 precursor disaccharide	13	10
secologanin and strictosidine biosynthesis	13	36
i antigen and I antigen biosynthesis	6	5
polymethylated quercetin glucoside biosynthesis I - quercetin series (Chrysosplenium)	2	31
myricetin gentiobioside biosynthesis	3	17
ABH and Lewis epitopes biosynthesis from type 2 precursor disaccharide	14	10
kaempferol diglycoside biosynthesis (pollen-specific)	1	10
flavonol acylglucoside biosynthesis II - isorhamnetin derivatives	0	13
protein O-[N-acetyl]-glucosylation	2	6
polymethylated quercetin glucoside biosynthesis II - quercetagetin series (Chrysosplenium)	2	38
kaempferol glycoside biosynthesis (Arabidopsis)	3	16
u03B1-dystroglycan glycosylation	7	10
quercetin diglycoside biosynthesis (pollen-specific)	1	10
quercetin glucoside biosynthesis (Allium)	2	11
mucin core 1 and core 2 O-glycosylation	7	7
sarcinaxanthin diglucoside biosynthesis	4	12
decaprenoxanthin diglucoside biosynthesis	4	12
C.p.450 monoglucoside biosynthesis	3	14
CMP-legionaminate biosynthesis II	3	12
chitin biosynthesis	16	40
ABH and Lewis epitopes biosynthesis from type 1 precursor disaccharide	6	8
homogalacturonan biosynthesis	0	14
acetan biosynthesis	6	22
xyloglucan biosynthesis	6	8
xylogalacturonan biosynthesis	1	4
cellulose biosynthesis	6	2
thyroid hormone metabolism II (via conjugation and/or degradation)	6	32
terminal O-glycans residues modification (via type 2 precursor disaccharide)	9	7
xanthan biosynthesis	8	21
protein O-mannosylation II (mammals, core M1 and core M2)	7	8
UDP-N-acetylmuramoyl-pentapeptide biosynthesis I (meso-diaminopimelate containing)	17	38
procollagen hydroxylation and glycosylation	9	14
teichuronic acid biosynthesis (B. subtilis 168)	11	17
sesaminol glucoside biosynthesis	5	12
(+)-secoisolariciresinol diglucoside biosynthesis	1	7
superpathway of mycolyl-arabinogalactan-peptidoglycan complex biosynthesis	22	57
podophyllotoxin glucosides metabolism	0	17
peptidoglycan biosynthesis V (u03B2-lactam resistance)	1	38
mAGP	18	31
peptidoglycan biosynthesis IV (Enterococcus faecium)	3	36
polymyxin resistance	4	20
enterobacterial common antigen biosynthesis	11	33
anhydromuropeptides recycling II	8	19
CMP-N-acetylneuraminate biosynthesis I (eukaryotes)	7	38
CMP-N-acetylneuraminate biosynthesis II (bacteria)	5	21
poly(3-O-u03B2-D-glucopyranosyl-N-acetylgalactosamine 1-phosphate) wall teichoic acid biosynthesis	12	33
sucrose biosynthesis II	9	18
sucrose biosynthesis III	1	15
esculetin modification	2	21
daphnetin modification	1	15
coumarin biosynthesis (via 2-coumarate)	0	18
superpathway of scopolin and esculin biosynthesis	1	31
stellariose and mediose biosynthesis	0	10
sulfoquinovosyl diacylglycerol biosynthesis	5	8
pyrimidine deoxyribonucleotides de novo biosynthesis I	30	34
protein N-glycosylation initial phase (eukaryotic)	26	30
Lipid A-core biosynthesis (E. coli K-12)	10	25
sophorolipid biosynthesis	2	7
salicylate glucosides biosynthesis II	1	10
biochanin A conjugates interconversion	0	17
salicylate glucosides biosynthesis III	2	4
maackiain conjugates interconversion	0	17
daidzein conjugates interconversion	0	17
stachyose biosynthesis	3	23
formononetin conjugates interconversion	0	16
geranyl u03B2-primeveroside biosynthesis	2	7
salicylate glucosides biosynthesis IV	2	5
genistein conjugates interconversion	0	17
medicarpin conjugates interconversion	0	17
pyrimidine deoxyribonucleotides de novo biosynthesis III	11	30
superpathway of benzoxazinoid glucosides biosynthesis	10	20
indican biosynthesis	0	11
naringenin C-glucosylation	3	13
hesperitin glycoside biosynthesis	0	11
N-methylanthraniloyl-u03B2-D-glucopyranose biosynthesis	3	8
rhabduscin biosynthesis	3	13
furaneol and mesifurane biosynthesis	3	18
superpathway of melatonin degradation	5	26
melatonin degradation I	4	14
mannosylglucosylglycerate biosynthesis I	3	11
coniferin metabolism	2	9
phenylethanol glycoconjugate biosynthesis	0	7
DIBOA-glucoside biosynthesis	8	13
2,4,6-trinitrotoluene degradation	2	17
heme degradation I	3	14
D-galactose detoxification	5	23
abscisic acid degradation by glucosylation	9	7
UTP and CTP de novo biosynthesis	13	21
brassinosteroids inactivation	2	15
serotonin degradation	7	21
u03B1-solanine/u03B1-chaconine biosynthesis	3	12
3,4-dihydroxymandelonitrile u03B2-D-glucose biosynthesis	0	5
linamarin biosynthesis	0	15
prunasin and amygdalin biosynthesis	1	15
lotaustralin biosynthesis	0	14
dhurrin biosynthesis	1	14
taxiphyllin biosynthesis	0	14
UDP-sugars interconversion	12	34
oleandomycin activation/inactivation	4	10
peptidoglycan biosynthesis III (mycobacteria)	12	36
peptidoglycan biosynthesis I (meso-diaminopimelate containing)	11	42
nicotine degradation IV	4	28
peptidoglycan biosynthesis II (staphylococci)	20	44
paromamine biosynthesis I	10	20
steviol glucoside biosynthesis (rebaudioside A biosynthesis)	3	11
paromamine biosynthesis II	5	22
superpathway of pyrimidine ribonucleosides salvage	22	37
pinocembrin C-glucosylation	3	12
u03B1-diglucosyldiacylglycerol biosynthesis	2	4
luteolin glycosides biosynthesis	1	9
galactolipid biosynthesis I	6	4
apigenin glycosides biosynthesis	1	14
proanthocyanidins biosynthesis from flavanols	5	11
baicalein metabolism	3	14
galactolipid biosynthesis II	3	5
wogonin metabolism	3	9
eriodictyol C-glucosylation	3	10
isovitexin glycosides biosynthesis	0	25
bacillithiol biosynthesis	4	10
maysin biosynthesis	0	7
blasticidin S biosynthesis	9	25
superpathway of neomycin biosynthesis	10	37
glucosinolate biosynthesis from tetrahomomethionine	10	27
superpathway of pyrimidine nucleobases salvage	11	26
glucosinolate biosynthesis from phenylalanine	6	29
glucosinolate biosynthesis from pentahomomethionine	11	27
glucosinolate biosynthesis from dihomomethionine	12	38
paromomycin biosynthesis	6	20
glucosinolate biosynthesis from tryptophan	5	32
glucosinolate biosynthesis from hexahomomethionine	12	27
glucosinolate biosynthesis from trihomomethionine	11	29
glucosinolate biosynthesis from tyrosine	0	24
glucosinolate biosynthesis from homomethionine	9	35
kanamycin biosynthesis	10	42
superpathway of rifamycin B biosynthesis	13	54
mycothiol biosynthesis	5	20
validamycin biosynthesis	10	34
gentamicin biosynthesis	4	26
arginomycin biosynthesis	7	22
neomycin biosynthesis	4	20
D-galactose degradation I (Leloir pathway)	10	46
kanosamine biosynthesis I	2	11
u03B2-D-galactosaminyl-(1u21923)-N-acetyl-u03B1-D-galactosamine biosynthesis	1	10
Escherichia coli serotype O86 O-antigen biosynthesis	5	16
cardenolide glucosides biosynthesis	0	11
crocetin esters biosynthesis	3	9
crocetin biosynthesis	1	13
lauryl-hydroxychlorobactene glucoside biosynthesis	3	10
CMP-N-acetyl-7-O-acetylneuraminate biosynthesis	1	17
zeaxanthin-u03B2-D-diglucoside biosynthesis	1	6
CMP-pseudaminate biosynthesis	5	23
CMP-diacetamido-8-epilegionaminic acid biosynthesis	7	19
xylan biosynthesis	0	5
superpathway of CMP-sialic acids biosynthesis	14	60
vitamin K degradation	0	8
sucrose degradation II (sucrose synthase)	13	20
jasmonoyl-L-isoleucine inactivation	5	16
tuberonate glucoside biosynthesis	0	10
cytokinins 7-N-glucoside biosynthesis	2	19
cytokinins 9-N-glucoside biosynthesis	2	17
cytokinin-O-glucosides biosynthesis	6	15
superpathway of glycosphingolipids biosynthesis	23	16
afrormosin conjugates interconversion	0	9
genistin gentiobioside biosynthesis	1	6
UDP-u03B1-D-xylose biosynthesis	8	21
salicylate glucosides biosynthesis I	1	6
sucrose biosynthesis I (from photosynthesis)	13	26
UDP-u03B1-D-galactose biosynthesis	4	18
superpathway of pyrimidine ribonucleotides de novo biosynthesis	23	45
superpathway of hydrolyzable tannin biosynthesis	0	30
superpathway of flavones and derivatives biosynthesis	10	64
superpathway of linamarin and lotaustralin biosynthesis	0	23
UDP-D-apiose biosynthesis (from UDP-D-glucuronate)	1	16
UDP-u03B1-D-galacturonate biosynthesis I (from UDP-D-glucuronate)	2	11
L-ascorbate biosynthesis IV	5	22
superpathway of formononetin derivative biosynthesis	2	34
UDP-u03B2-L-rhamnose biosynthesis	4	12
superpathway of UDP-glucose-derived O-antigen building blocks biosynthesis	11	39
betacyanin biosynthesis	1	24
superpathway of betalain biosynthesis	2	52
amaranthin biosynthesis	0	13
hispidol and hispidol 4'-O-u03B2-D-glucoside biosynthesis	0	18
saponin biosynthesis III	0	12
des-methyl avenacin A-1 biosynthesis	3	7
salvianin biosynthesis	1	22
saponin biosynthesis IV	1	16
pelargonidin conjugates biosynthesis	2	25
ginsenosides biosynthesis	10	32
anthocyanidin acylglucoside and acylsambubioside biosynthesis	3	27
soybean saponin I biosynthesis	5	16
superpathway of anthocyanin biosynthesis (from cyanidin and cyanidin 3-O-glucoside)	4	24
violdelphin biosynthesis	5	17
superpathway of avenacin A biosynthesis	5	22
gentiodelphin biosynthesis	1	16
acylated cyanidin galactoside biosynthesis	1	16
avenacin A-1 biosynthesis	2	14
shisonin biosynthesis	1	20
saponin biosynthesis II	0	17
lacto-series glycosphingolipids biosynthesis	8	9
indole-3-acetate inactivation III	0	12
luteolinidin 5-O-glucoside biosynthesis	4	17
superpathway of indole-3-acetate conjugate biosynthesis	5	33
superpathway of anthocyanin biosynthesis (from delphinidin 3-O-glucoside)	1	21
sphingolipid biosynthesis (plants)	12	26
anthocyanidin modification (Arabidopsis)	8	20
anthocyanidin sophoroside metabolism	0	8
anthocyanin biosynthesis (pelargonidin 3-O-glucoside)	2	13
rose anthocyanin biosynthesis I (via cyanidin 5-O-u03B2-D-glucoside)	0	6
anthocyanin biosynthesis	2	9
apigeninidin 5-O-glucoside biosynthesis	3	17
anthocyanidin sambubioside biosynthesis	1	17
gala-series glycosphingolipids biosynthesis	3	7
superpathway of anthocyanin biosynthesis (from pelargonidin 3-O-glucoside)	2	33
superpathway of anaerobic sucrose degradation	26	61
flavonoid di-C-glucosylation	0	29
ganglio-series glycosphingolipids biosynthesis	9	10
neolacto-series glycosphingolipids biosynthesis	10	8
globo-series glycosphingolipids biosynthesis	9	11
curcumin glucoside biosynthesis	1	13
superpathway of pyrimidine deoxyribonucleotides de novo biosynthesis	46	62
benzoyl-u03B2-D-glucopyranose biosynthesis	2	4
trehalose biosynthesis I	7	19
trehalose biosynthesis VII	1	5
biosynthesis of Lewis epitopes (H. pylori)	5	7

Protein	Taxonomy	Measurement	Average	Min (ref.)	Avg (ref.)	Max (ref.)	Bioassay(s)
Chain A, Cytotoxin L	Paeniclostridium sordellii	IC50 (µMol)	30.0000	30.0000	30.0000	30.0000	AID977608
Chain A, Seminal ribonuclease	Bos taurus (cattle)	Ki	1,046.4000	1,046.4000	1,046.4000	1,046.4000	AID977610
Chain B, Seminal ribonuclease	Bos taurus (cattle)	Ki	1,046.4000	1,046.4000	1,046.4000	1,046.4000	AID977610
Chain A, Seminal ribonuclease	Bos taurus (cattle)	Ki	1,046.4000	1,046.4000	1,046.4000	1,046.4000	AID977610
Chain B, Seminal ribonuclease	Bos taurus (cattle)	Ki	1,046.4000	1,046.4000	1,046.4000	1,046.4000	AID977610
Chain A, Seminal ribonuclease	Bos taurus (cattle)	Ki	1,046.4000	1,046.4000	1,046.4000	1,046.4000	AID977610
Chain B, Seminal ribonuclease	Bos taurus (cattle)	Ki	1,046.4000	1,046.4000	1,046.4000	1,046.4000	AID977610
Chain A, Seminal ribonuclease	Bos taurus (cattle)	Ki	1,046.4000	1,046.4000	1,046.4000	1,046.4000	AID977610
Chain B, Seminal ribonuclease	Bos taurus (cattle)	Ki	1,046.4000	1,046.4000	1,046.4000	1,046.4000	AID977610
Chain A, Seminal ribonuclease	Bos taurus (cattle)	Ki	1,046.4000	1,046.4000	1,046.4000	1,046.4000	AID977610
Chain B, Seminal ribonuclease	Bos taurus (cattle)	Ki	1,046.4000	1,046.4000	1,046.4000	1,046.4000	AID977610
UDP-N-acetylglucosamine--peptide N-acetylglucosaminyltransferase 110 kDa subunit	Homo sapiens (human)	IC50 (µMol)	1.8000	1.8000	1.8000	1.8000	AID568345
[prepared from compound, protein, and bioassay information from National Library of Medicine (NLM), extracted Dec-2023]

Protein	Taxonomy	Measurement	Average	Min (ref.)	Avg (ref.)	Max (ref.)	Bioassay(s)
Chain A, Glucosyltransferase	Legionella pneumophila	Kd	0.1000	0.1000	0.1000	0.1000	AID977611
Chain A, Udp-n-acetylglucosamine--peptide N-acetylglucosaminyl Transferase 110 Kda Subunit	Homo sapiens (human)	Kd	0.5400	0.5400	0.5400	0.5400	AID977611
Chain A, Udp-n-acetylglucosamine--peptide N-acetylglucosaminyltrans Ferase 110 Kda Subunit	Homo sapiens (human)	Kd	0.5400	0.5400	0.5400	0.5400	AID977611
Chain A, Toxin A	Clostridioides difficile	Kd	11.4000	11.4000	11.4000	11.4000	AID977611
P2Y purinoceptor 2	Homo sapiens (human)	EC50 (µMol)	42.1667	0.0056	0.6828	10.0000	AID150321; AID593124; AID89269
P2Y purinoceptor 1	Homo sapiens (human)	EC50 (µMol)	100.0000	0.0013	0.4202	7.2000	AID150331
P2Y purinoceptor 4	Homo sapiens (human)	EC50 (µMol)	14.0000	0.0230	1.3623	10.0000	AID593125
P2Y purinoceptor 6	Homo sapiens (human)	EC50 (µMol)	0.1490	0.0130	2.3930	20.0000	AID150635; AID150636; AID256769; AID271163; AID272722; AID404830; AID444562; AID460812; AID484784; AID593126; AID682411; AID682412; AID682415; AID89273
P2Y purinoceptor 14	Homo sapiens (human)	EC50 (µMol)	53.4400	0.1600	0.3765	0.6700	AID1232374; AID444563; AID484782
P2Y purinoceptor 6	Rattus norvegicus (Norway rat)	EC50 (µMol)	0.2000	0.2000	0.2000	0.2000	AID373704; AID647896
[prepared from compound, protein, and bioassay information from National Library of Medicine (NLM), extracted Dec-2023]

Protein	Taxonomy	Measurement	Average	Min (ref.)	Avg (ref.)	Max (ref.)	Bioassay(s)
[prepared from compound, protein, and bioassay information from National Library of Medicine (NLM), extracted Dec-2023]

Process	via Protein(s)	Taxonomy
negative regulation of transcription by RNA polymerase II	UDP-N-acetylglucosamine--peptide N-acetylglucosaminyltransferase 110 kDa subunit	Homo sapiens (human)
mitophagy	UDP-N-acetylglucosamine--peptide N-acetylglucosaminyltransferase 110 kDa subunit	Homo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of transcription from RNA polymerase II promoter by glucose	UDP-N-acetylglucosamine--peptide N-acetylglucosaminyltransferase 110 kDa subunit	Homo sapiens (human)
regulation of glycolytic process	UDP-N-acetylglucosamine--peptide N-acetylglucosaminyltransferase 110 kDa subunit	Homo sapiens (human)
regulation of gluconeogenesis	UDP-N-acetylglucosamine--peptide N-acetylglucosaminyltransferase 110 kDa subunit	Homo sapiens (human)
chromatin organization	UDP-N-acetylglucosamine--peptide N-acetylglucosaminyltransferase 110 kDa subunit	Homo sapiens (human)
regulation of transcription by RNA polymerase II	UDP-N-acetylglucosamine--peptide N-acetylglucosaminyltransferase 110 kDa subunit	Homo sapiens (human)
protein O-linked glycosylation	UDP-N-acetylglucosamine--peptide N-acetylglucosaminyltransferase 110 kDa subunit	Homo sapiens (human)
apoptotic process	UDP-N-acetylglucosamine--peptide N-acetylglucosaminyltransferase 110 kDa subunit	Homo sapiens (human)
signal transduction	UDP-N-acetylglucosamine--peptide N-acetylglucosaminyltransferase 110 kDa subunit	Homo sapiens (human)
response to nutrient	UDP-N-acetylglucosamine--peptide N-acetylglucosaminyltransferase 110 kDa subunit	Homo sapiens (human)
protein processing	UDP-N-acetylglucosamine--peptide N-acetylglucosaminyltransferase 110 kDa subunit	Homo sapiens (human)
hemopoiesis	UDP-N-acetylglucosamine--peptide N-acetylglucosaminyltransferase 110 kDa subunit	Homo sapiens (human)
negative regulation of cell migration	UDP-N-acetylglucosamine--peptide N-acetylglucosaminyltransferase 110 kDa subunit	Homo sapiens (human)
negative regulation of transforming growth factor beta receptor signaling pathway	UDP-N-acetylglucosamine--peptide N-acetylglucosaminyltransferase 110 kDa subunit	Homo sapiens (human)
negative regulation of protein ubiquitination	UDP-N-acetylglucosamine--peptide N-acetylglucosaminyltransferase 110 kDa subunit	Homo sapiens (human)
negative regulation of proteasomal ubiquitin-dependent protein catabolic process	UDP-N-acetylglucosamine--peptide N-acetylglucosaminyltransferase 110 kDa subunit	Homo sapiens (human)
response to insulin	UDP-N-acetylglucosamine--peptide N-acetylglucosaminyltransferase 110 kDa subunit	Homo sapiens (human)
circadian regulation of gene expression	UDP-N-acetylglucosamine--peptide N-acetylglucosaminyltransferase 110 kDa subunit	Homo sapiens (human)
regulation of Rac protein signal transduction	UDP-N-acetylglucosamine--peptide N-acetylglucosaminyltransferase 110 kDa subunit	Homo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of translation	UDP-N-acetylglucosamine--peptide N-acetylglucosaminyltransferase 110 kDa subunit	Homo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of proteolysis	UDP-N-acetylglucosamine--peptide N-acetylglucosaminyltransferase 110 kDa subunit	Homo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of DNA-templated transcription	UDP-N-acetylglucosamine--peptide N-acetylglucosaminyltransferase 110 kDa subunit	Homo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of transcription by RNA polymerase II	UDP-N-acetylglucosamine--peptide N-acetylglucosaminyltransferase 110 kDa subunit	Homo sapiens (human)
regulation of insulin receptor signaling pathway	UDP-N-acetylglucosamine--peptide N-acetylglucosaminyltransferase 110 kDa subunit	Homo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of lipid biosynthetic process	UDP-N-acetylglucosamine--peptide N-acetylglucosaminyltransferase 110 kDa subunit	Homo sapiens (human)
regulation of synapse assembly	UDP-N-acetylglucosamine--peptide N-acetylglucosaminyltransferase 110 kDa subunit	Homo sapiens (human)
regulation of necroptotic process	UDP-N-acetylglucosamine--peptide N-acetylglucosaminyltransferase 110 kDa subunit	Homo sapiens (human)
cellular response to glucose stimulus	UDP-N-acetylglucosamine--peptide N-acetylglucosaminyltransferase 110 kDa subunit	Homo sapiens (human)
regulation of neurotransmitter receptor localization to postsynaptic specialization membrane	UDP-N-acetylglucosamine--peptide N-acetylglucosaminyltransferase 110 kDa subunit	Homo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of cold-induced thermogenesis	UDP-N-acetylglucosamine--peptide N-acetylglucosaminyltransferase 110 kDa subunit	Homo sapiens (human)
negative regulation of stem cell population maintenance	UDP-N-acetylglucosamine--peptide N-acetylglucosaminyltransferase 110 kDa subunit	Homo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of stem cell population maintenance	UDP-N-acetylglucosamine--peptide N-acetylglucosaminyltransferase 110 kDa subunit	Homo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of TORC1 signaling	UDP-N-acetylglucosamine--peptide N-acetylglucosaminyltransferase 110 kDa subunit	Homo sapiens (human)
defense response to virus	Seminal ribonuclease	Bos taurus (cattle)
DNA synthesis involved in DNA repair	Ribonucleoside-diphosphate reductase large subunit	Homo sapiens (human)
pyrimidine nucleobase metabolic process	Ribonucleoside-diphosphate reductase large subunit	Homo sapiens (human)
mitochondrial DNA replication	Ribonucleoside-diphosphate reductase large subunit	Homo sapiens (human)
DNA repair	Ribonucleoside-diphosphate reductase large subunit	Homo sapiens (human)
male gonad development	Ribonucleoside-diphosphate reductase large subunit	Homo sapiens (human)
ribonucleoside diphosphate metabolic process	Ribonucleoside-diphosphate reductase large subunit	Homo sapiens (human)
deoxyribonucleotide biosynthetic process	Ribonucleoside-diphosphate reductase large subunit	Homo sapiens (human)
2'-deoxyribonucleotide biosynthetic process	Ribonucleoside-diphosphate reductase large subunit	Homo sapiens (human)
response to ionizing radiation	Ribonucleoside-diphosphate reductase large subunit	Homo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of G2/M transition of mitotic cell cycle	Ribonucleoside-diphosphate reductase large subunit	Homo sapiens (human)
cell proliferation in forebrain	Ribonucleoside-diphosphate reductase large subunit	Homo sapiens (human)
protein heterotetramerization	Ribonucleoside-diphosphate reductase large subunit	Homo sapiens (human)
retina development in camera-type eye	Ribonucleoside-diphosphate reductase large subunit	Homo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of G0 to G1 transition	Ribonucleoside-diphosphate reductase large subunit	Homo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of G1/S transition of mitotic cell cycle	Ribonucleoside-diphosphate reductase large subunit	Homo sapiens (human)
blastocyst development	Ribonucleoside-diphosphate reductase subunit M2	Homo sapiens (human)
ribonucleoside diphosphate metabolic process	Ribonucleoside-diphosphate reductase subunit M2	Homo sapiens (human)
deoxyribonucleotide biosynthetic process	Ribonucleoside-diphosphate reductase subunit M2	Homo sapiens (human)
2'-deoxyribonucleotide biosynthetic process	Ribonucleoside-diphosphate reductase subunit M2	Homo sapiens (human)
protein heterotetramerization	Ribonucleoside-diphosphate reductase subunit M2	Homo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of G1/S transition of mitotic cell cycle	Ribonucleoside-diphosphate reductase subunit M2	Homo sapiens (human)
intracellular monoatomic ion homeostasis	P2Y purinoceptor 2	Homo sapiens (human)
phospholipase C-activating G protein-coupled receptor signaling pathway	P2Y purinoceptor 2	Homo sapiens (human)
G protein-coupled purinergic nucleotide receptor signaling pathway	P2Y purinoceptor 2	Homo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of mucus secretion	P2Y purinoceptor 2	Homo sapiens (human)
cellular response to ATP	P2Y purinoceptor 2	Homo sapiens (human)
blood vessel diameter maintenance	P2Y purinoceptor 2	Homo sapiens (human)
G protein-coupled receptor signaling pathway	P2Y purinoceptor 2	Homo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of protein phosphorylation	P2Y purinoceptor 1	Homo sapiens (human)
G protein-coupled adenosine receptor signaling pathway	P2Y purinoceptor 1	Homo sapiens (human)
monoatomic ion transport	P2Y purinoceptor 1	Homo sapiens (human)
cell surface receptor signaling pathway	P2Y purinoceptor 1	Homo sapiens (human)
G protein-coupled receptor signaling pathway	P2Y purinoceptor 1	Homo sapiens (human)
adenylate cyclase-inhibiting G protein-coupled receptor signaling pathway	P2Y purinoceptor 1	Homo sapiens (human)
phospholipase C-activating G protein-coupled receptor signaling pathway	P2Y purinoceptor 1	Homo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of cytosolic calcium ion concentration	P2Y purinoceptor 1	Homo sapiens (human)
glial cell migration	P2Y purinoceptor 1	Homo sapiens (human)
regulation of cell shape	P2Y purinoceptor 1	Homo sapiens (human)
response to mechanical stimulus	P2Y purinoceptor 1	Homo sapiens (human)
negative regulation of norepinephrine secretion	P2Y purinoceptor 1	Homo sapiens (human)
signal transduction involved in regulation of gene expression	P2Y purinoceptor 1	Homo sapiens (human)
platelet activation	P2Y purinoceptor 1	Homo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of inositol trisphosphate biosynthetic process	P2Y purinoceptor 1	Homo sapiens (human)
G protein-coupled purinergic nucleotide receptor signaling pathway	P2Y purinoceptor 1	Homo sapiens (human)
eating behavior	P2Y purinoceptor 1	Homo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of monoatomic ion transport	P2Y purinoceptor 1	Homo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of transcription by RNA polymerase II	P2Y purinoceptor 1	Homo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of hormone secretion	P2Y purinoceptor 1	Homo sapiens (human)
establishment of localization in cell	P2Y purinoceptor 1	Homo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of penile erection	P2Y purinoceptor 1	Homo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of ERK1 and ERK2 cascade	P2Y purinoceptor 1	Homo sapiens (human)
response to growth factor	P2Y purinoceptor 1	Homo sapiens (human)
cellular response to ATP	P2Y purinoceptor 1	Homo sapiens (human)
cellular response to purine-containing compound	P2Y purinoceptor 1	Homo sapiens (human)
protein localization to plasma membrane	P2Y purinoceptor 1	Homo sapiens (human)
relaxation of muscle	P2Y purinoceptor 1	Homo sapiens (human)
blood vessel diameter maintenance	P2Y purinoceptor 1	Homo sapiens (human)
regulation of presynaptic cytosolic calcium ion concentration	P2Y purinoceptor 1	Homo sapiens (human)
regulation of synaptic vesicle exocytosis	P2Y purinoceptor 1	Homo sapiens (human)
phospholipase C-activating G protein-coupled receptor signaling pathway	P2Y purinoceptor 4	Homo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of cytosolic calcium ion concentration	P2Y purinoceptor 4	Homo sapiens (human)
transepithelial chloride transport	P2Y purinoceptor 4	Homo sapiens (human)
G protein-coupled purinergic nucleotide receptor signaling pathway	P2Y purinoceptor 4	Homo sapiens (human)
cellular response to ATP	P2Y purinoceptor 4	Homo sapiens (human)
cellular response to prostaglandin E stimulus	P2Y purinoceptor 4	Homo sapiens (human)
regulation of presynaptic cytosolic calcium ion concentration	P2Y purinoceptor 4	Homo sapiens (human)
regulation of synaptic vesicle exocytosis	P2Y purinoceptor 4	Homo sapiens (human)
G protein-coupled receptor signaling pathway	P2Y purinoceptor 4	Homo sapiens (human)
phagocytosis	P2Y purinoceptor 6	Homo sapiens (human)
phospholipase C-activating G protein-coupled receptor signaling pathway	P2Y purinoceptor 6	Homo sapiens (human)
activation of phospholipase C activity	P2Y purinoceptor 6	Homo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of smooth muscle cell migration	P2Y purinoceptor 6	Homo sapiens (human)
transepithelial chloride transport	P2Y purinoceptor 6	Homo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate-sensitive calcium-release channel activity	P2Y purinoceptor 6	Homo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of inositol trisphosphate biosynthetic process	P2Y purinoceptor 6	Homo sapiens (human)
G protein-coupled purinergic nucleotide receptor signaling pathway	P2Y purinoceptor 6	Homo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of ERK1 and ERK2 cascade	P2Y purinoceptor 6	Homo sapiens (human)
cellular response to prostaglandin E stimulus	P2Y purinoceptor 6	Homo sapiens (human)
cellular response to purine-containing compound	P2Y purinoceptor 6	Homo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of vascular associated smooth muscle cell proliferation	P2Y purinoceptor 6	Homo sapiens (human)
cellular response to pyrimidine ribonucleotide	P2Y purinoceptor 6	Homo sapiens (human)
G protein-coupled receptor signaling pathway	P2Y purinoceptor 6	Homo sapiens (human)
G protein-coupled receptor signaling pathway	P2Y purinoceptor 14	Homo sapiens (human)
G protein-coupled purinergic nucleotide receptor signaling pathway	P2Y purinoceptor 14	Homo sapiens (human)
DNA synthesis involved in DNA repair	Ribonucleoside-diphosphate reductase subunit M2 B	Homo sapiens (human)
kidney development	Ribonucleoside-diphosphate reductase subunit M2 B	Homo sapiens (human)
renal system process	Ribonucleoside-diphosphate reductase subunit M2 B	Homo sapiens (human)
mitochondrial DNA replication	Ribonucleoside-diphosphate reductase subunit M2 B	Homo sapiens (human)
DNA repair	Ribonucleoside-diphosphate reductase subunit M2 B	Homo sapiens (human)
response to oxidative stress	Ribonucleoside-diphosphate reductase subunit M2 B	Homo sapiens (human)
ribonucleoside diphosphate metabolic process	Ribonucleoside-diphosphate reductase subunit M2 B	Homo sapiens (human)
deoxyribonucleoside triphosphate metabolic process	Ribonucleoside-diphosphate reductase subunit M2 B	Homo sapiens (human)
2'-deoxyribonucleotide biosynthetic process	Ribonucleoside-diphosphate reductase subunit M2 B	Homo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of G2/M transition of mitotic cell cycle	Ribonucleoside-diphosphate reductase subunit M2 B	Homo sapiens (human)
response to amine	Ribonucleoside-diphosphate reductase subunit M2 B	Homo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of G0 to G1 transition	Ribonucleoside-diphosphate reductase subunit M2 B	Homo sapiens (human)
negative regulation of intrinsic apoptotic signaling pathway by p53 class mediator	Ribonucleoside-diphosphate reductase subunit M2 B	Homo sapiens (human)
deoxyribonucleotide biosynthetic process	Ribonucleoside-diphosphate reductase subunit M2 B	Homo sapiens (human)
[Information is prepared from geneontology information from the June-17-2024 release]

Process	via Protein(s)	Taxonomy
protein binding	UDP-N-acetylglucosamine--peptide N-acetylglucosaminyltransferase 110 kDa subunit	Homo sapiens (human)
phosphatidylinositol-3,4,5-trisphosphate binding	UDP-N-acetylglucosamine--peptide N-acetylglucosaminyltransferase 110 kDa subunit	Homo sapiens (human)
acetylglucosaminyltransferase activity	UDP-N-acetylglucosamine--peptide N-acetylglucosaminyltransferase 110 kDa subunit	Homo sapiens (human)
chromatin DNA binding	UDP-N-acetylglucosamine--peptide N-acetylglucosaminyltransferase 110 kDa subunit	Homo sapiens (human)
protein O-acetylglucosaminyltransferase activity	UDP-N-acetylglucosamine--peptide N-acetylglucosaminyltransferase 110 kDa subunit	Homo sapiens (human)
nucleic acid binding	Seminal ribonuclease	Bos taurus (cattle)
ribonuclease A activity	Seminal ribonuclease	Bos taurus (cattle)
RNA nuclease activity	Seminal ribonuclease	Bos taurus (cattle)
lyase activity	Seminal ribonuclease	Bos taurus (cattle)
identical protein binding	Seminal ribonuclease	Bos taurus (cattle)
ribonucleoside-diphosphate reductase activity, thioredoxin disulfide as acceptor	Ribonucleoside-diphosphate reductase large subunit	Homo sapiens (human)
protein binding	Ribonucleoside-diphosphate reductase large subunit	Homo sapiens (human)
identical protein binding	Ribonucleoside-diphosphate reductase large subunit	Homo sapiens (human)
ribonucleoside-diphosphate reductase activity	Ribonucleoside-diphosphate reductase large subunit	Homo sapiens (human)
disordered domain specific binding	Ribonucleoside-diphosphate reductase large subunit	Homo sapiens (human)
ATP binding	Ribonucleoside-diphosphate reductase large subunit	Homo sapiens (human)
ribonucleoside-diphosphate reductase activity, thioredoxin disulfide as acceptor	Ribonucleoside-diphosphate reductase subunit M2	Homo sapiens (human)
protein binding	Ribonucleoside-diphosphate reductase subunit M2	Homo sapiens (human)
ferric iron binding	Ribonucleoside-diphosphate reductase subunit M2	Homo sapiens (human)
protein homodimerization activity	Ribonucleoside-diphosphate reductase subunit M2	Homo sapiens (human)
protein binding	P2Y purinoceptor 2	Homo sapiens (human)
signaling receptor activity	P2Y purinoceptor 2	Homo sapiens (human)
G protein-coupled purinergic nucleotide receptor activity	P2Y purinoceptor 2	Homo sapiens (human)
A1 adenosine receptor binding	P2Y purinoceptor 2	Homo sapiens (human)
G protein-coupled UTP receptor activity	P2Y purinoceptor 2	Homo sapiens (human)
G protein-coupled ADP receptor activity	P2Y purinoceptor 1	Homo sapiens (human)
protein binding	P2Y purinoceptor 1	Homo sapiens (human)
ATP binding	P2Y purinoceptor 1	Homo sapiens (human)
signaling receptor activity	P2Y purinoceptor 1	Homo sapiens (human)
ADP binding	P2Y purinoceptor 1	Homo sapiens (human)
G protein-coupled purinergic nucleotide receptor activity	P2Y purinoceptor 1	Homo sapiens (human)
G protein-coupled ATP receptor activity	P2Y purinoceptor 1	Homo sapiens (human)
protein heterodimerization activity	P2Y purinoceptor 1	Homo sapiens (human)
scaffold protein binding	P2Y purinoceptor 1	Homo sapiens (human)
A1 adenosine receptor binding	P2Y purinoceptor 1	Homo sapiens (human)
protein binding	P2Y purinoceptor 4	Homo sapiens (human)
ATP binding	P2Y purinoceptor 4	Homo sapiens (human)
G protein-coupled purinergic nucleotide receptor activity	P2Y purinoceptor 4	Homo sapiens (human)
G protein-coupled UTP receptor activity	P2Y purinoceptor 4	Homo sapiens (human)
nucleic acid binding	Ribonuclease pancreatic	Bos taurus (cattle)
ribonuclease A activity	Ribonuclease pancreatic	Bos taurus (cattle)
protein binding	Ribonuclease pancreatic	Bos taurus (cattle)
lyase activity	Ribonuclease pancreatic	Bos taurus (cattle)
G protein-coupled ADP receptor activity	P2Y purinoceptor 6	Homo sapiens (human)
G protein-coupled receptor activity	P2Y purinoceptor 6	Homo sapiens (human)
protein binding	P2Y purinoceptor 6	Homo sapiens (human)
G protein-coupled UDP receptor activity	P2Y purinoceptor 6	Homo sapiens (human)
G protein-coupled UTP receptor activity	P2Y purinoceptor 6	Homo sapiens (human)
G protein-coupled UDP receptor activity	P2Y purinoceptor 14	Homo sapiens (human)
G protein-coupled purinergic nucleotide receptor activity	P2Y purinoceptor 14	Homo sapiens (human)
protein binding	Ribonucleoside-diphosphate reductase subunit M2 B	Homo sapiens (human)
identical protein binding	Ribonucleoside-diphosphate reductase subunit M2 B	Homo sapiens (human)
metal ion binding	Ribonucleoside-diphosphate reductase subunit M2 B	Homo sapiens (human)
ribonucleoside-diphosphate reductase activity, thioredoxin disulfide as acceptor	Ribonucleoside-diphosphate reductase subunit M2 B	Homo sapiens (human)
[Information is prepared from geneontology information from the June-17-2024 release]

Process	via Protein(s)	Taxonomy
nucleus	UDP-N-acetylglucosamine--peptide N-acetylglucosaminyltransferase 110 kDa subunit	Homo sapiens (human)
nucleoplasm	UDP-N-acetylglucosamine--peptide N-acetylglucosaminyltransferase 110 kDa subunit	Homo sapiens (human)
cytosol	UDP-N-acetylglucosamine--peptide N-acetylglucosaminyltransferase 110 kDa subunit	Homo sapiens (human)
plasma membrane	UDP-N-acetylglucosamine--peptide N-acetylglucosaminyltransferase 110 kDa subunit	Homo sapiens (human)
mitochondrial membrane	UDP-N-acetylglucosamine--peptide N-acetylglucosaminyltransferase 110 kDa subunit	Homo sapiens (human)
cell projection	UDP-N-acetylglucosamine--peptide N-acetylglucosaminyltransferase 110 kDa subunit	Homo sapiens (human)
NSL complex	UDP-N-acetylglucosamine--peptide N-acetylglucosaminyltransferase 110 kDa subunit	Homo sapiens (human)
Sin3-type complex	UDP-N-acetylglucosamine--peptide N-acetylglucosaminyltransferase 110 kDa subunit	Homo sapiens (human)
glutamatergic synapse	UDP-N-acetylglucosamine--peptide N-acetylglucosaminyltransferase 110 kDa subunit	Homo sapiens (human)
histone acetyltransferase complex	UDP-N-acetylglucosamine--peptide N-acetylglucosaminyltransferase 110 kDa subunit	Homo sapiens (human)
protein N-acetylglucosaminyltransferase complex	UDP-N-acetylglucosamine--peptide N-acetylglucosaminyltransferase 110 kDa subunit	Homo sapiens (human)
protein-containing complex	UDP-N-acetylglucosamine--peptide N-acetylglucosaminyltransferase 110 kDa subunit	Homo sapiens (human)
extracellular region	Seminal ribonuclease	Bos taurus (cattle)
nuclear envelope	Ribonucleoside-diphosphate reductase large subunit	Homo sapiens (human)
mitochondrion	Ribonucleoside-diphosphate reductase large subunit	Homo sapiens (human)
cytosol	Ribonucleoside-diphosphate reductase large subunit	Homo sapiens (human)
ribonucleoside-diphosphate reductase complex	Ribonucleoside-diphosphate reductase large subunit	Homo sapiens (human)
cell projection	Ribonucleoside-diphosphate reductase large subunit	Homo sapiens (human)
neuronal cell body	Ribonucleoside-diphosphate reductase large subunit	Homo sapiens (human)
nucleus	Ribonucleoside-diphosphate reductase subunit M2	Homo sapiens (human)
cytosol	Ribonucleoside-diphosphate reductase subunit M2	Homo sapiens (human)
ribonucleoside-diphosphate reductase complex	Ribonucleoside-diphosphate reductase subunit M2	Homo sapiens (human)
cytosol	Ribonucleoside-diphosphate reductase subunit M2	Homo sapiens (human)
plasma membrane	P2Y purinoceptor 2	Homo sapiens (human)
plasma membrane	P2Y purinoceptor 2	Homo sapiens (human)
plasma membrane	P2Y purinoceptor 1	Homo sapiens (human)
cilium	P2Y purinoceptor 1	Homo sapiens (human)
cell surface	P2Y purinoceptor 1	Homo sapiens (human)
postsynaptic density	P2Y purinoceptor 1	Homo sapiens (human)
basolateral plasma membrane	P2Y purinoceptor 1	Homo sapiens (human)
apical plasma membrane	P2Y purinoceptor 1	Homo sapiens (human)
dendrite	P2Y purinoceptor 1	Homo sapiens (human)
cell body	P2Y purinoceptor 1	Homo sapiens (human)
postsynaptic membrane	P2Y purinoceptor 1	Homo sapiens (human)
presynaptic active zone membrane	P2Y purinoceptor 1	Homo sapiens (human)
glutamatergic synapse	P2Y purinoceptor 1	Homo sapiens (human)
plasma membrane	P2Y purinoceptor 1	Homo sapiens (human)
plasma membrane	P2Y purinoceptor 4	Homo sapiens (human)
basolateral plasma membrane	P2Y purinoceptor 4	Homo sapiens (human)
apical plasma membrane	P2Y purinoceptor 4	Homo sapiens (human)
presynaptic active zone membrane	P2Y purinoceptor 4	Homo sapiens (human)
glutamatergic synapse	P2Y purinoceptor 4	Homo sapiens (human)
plasma membrane	P2Y purinoceptor 4	Homo sapiens (human)
extracellular region	Ribonuclease pancreatic	Bos taurus (cattle)
plasma membrane	P2Y purinoceptor 6	Homo sapiens (human)
basolateral plasma membrane	P2Y purinoceptor 6	Homo sapiens (human)
apical plasma membrane	P2Y purinoceptor 6	Homo sapiens (human)
plasma membrane	P2Y purinoceptor 6	Homo sapiens (human)
plasma membrane	P2Y purinoceptor 14	Homo sapiens (human)
membrane	P2Y purinoceptor 14	Homo sapiens (human)
nucleoplasm	Ribonucleoside-diphosphate reductase subunit M2 B	Homo sapiens (human)
mitochondrion	Ribonucleoside-diphosphate reductase subunit M2 B	Homo sapiens (human)
cytosol	Ribonucleoside-diphosphate reductase subunit M2 B	Homo sapiens (human)
ribonucleoside-diphosphate reductase complex	Ribonucleoside-diphosphate reductase subunit M2 B	Homo sapiens (human)
cytosol	Ribonucleoside-diphosphate reductase subunit M2 B	Homo sapiens (human)
[Information is prepared from geneontology information from the June-17-2024 release]

Assay ID	Title	Year	Journal	Article
AID977611	Experimentally measured binding affinity data (Kd) for protein-ligand complexes derived from PDB	2010	The Biochemical journal, Feb-24, Volume: 426, Issue:3	Molecular mechanism of elongation factor 1A inhibition by a Legionella pneumophila glycosyltransferase.
AID977608	Experimentally measured binding affinity data (IC50) for protein-ligand complexes derived from PDB	2008	FEBS letters, Jun-25, Volume: 582, Issue:15	Inhibition of the glucosyltransferase activity of clostridial Rho/Ras-glucosylating toxins by castanospermine.
AID977610	Experimentally measured binding affinity data (Ki) for protein-ligand complexes derived from PDB	2009	European journal of medicinal chemistry, Nov, Volume: 44, Issue:11	Mapping the ribonucleolytic active site of bovine seminal ribonuclease. The binding of pyrimidinyl phosphonucleotide inhibitors.
AID977611	Experimentally measured binding affinity data (Kd) for protein-ligand complexes derived from PDB	2012	The FEBS journal, Sep, Volume: 279, Issue:17	The structure of Clostridium difficile toxin A glucosyltransferase domain bound to Mn2+ and UDP provides insights into glucosyltransferase activity and product release.
AID977611	Experimentally measured binding affinity data (Kd) for protein-ligand complexes derived from PDB	2012	Nature chemical biology, Dec, Volume: 8, Issue:12	O-GlcNAc transferase invokes nucleotide sugar pyrophosphate participation in catalysis.
AID469230	Inhibition of bovine seminal ribonuclease assessed as enzyme activity by spectrophotometric method at pH 6	2009	European journal of medicinal chemistry, Nov, Volume: 44, Issue:11	Mapping the ribonucleolytic active site of bovine seminal ribonuclease. The binding of pyrimidinyl phosphonucleotide inhibitors.
AID330932	Reversal of drug-induced phagocytosis in Wistar rat microglia at 100 uM in presence of MRS2578	2007	Nature, Apr-26, Volume: 446, Issue:7139	UDP acting at P2Y6 receptors is a mediator of microglial phagocytosis.
AID469231	Inhibition of bovine pancreatic ribonuclease A assessed as enzyme activity by spectrophotometric method pH 6	2009	European journal of medicinal chemistry, Nov, Volume: 44, Issue:11	Mapping the ribonucleolytic active site of bovine seminal ribonuclease. The binding of pyrimidinyl phosphonucleotide inhibitors.
AID1862163	Inhibition of Mycobacterium tuberculosis UGM expressed in Escherichia coli BL21(DE3) at 500 uM by Fluorescence polarization assay relative to control	2022	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry, 09-01, Volume: 69	Synthesis and evaluation of inhibitors of Mycobacterium tuberculosis UGM using bioisosteric replacement.
AID444563	Agonist activity at human P2Y14 receptor expressed in HEK293 cells coexpressing phospholipase C-activating Gi protein cells assessed as inhibition of forskolin induced [3H]cAMP production	2010	Journal of medicinal chemistry, Jan-14, Volume: 53, Issue:1	Human P2Y(14) receptor agonists: truncation of the hexose moiety of uridine-5'-diphosphoglucose and its replacement with alkyl and aryl groups.
AID330917	Activity at P2Y6 receptor in Wistar rat microglia assessed as inhibition of intracellular calcium concentration at 100 uM after 600 secs by ratiometric fura-2 fluorescence method in presence of xestospongin C	2007	Nature, Apr-26, Volume: 446, Issue:7139	UDP acting at P2Y6 receptors is a mediator of microglial phagocytosis.
AID718079	Competitive inhibition of bovine pancreatic RNase A type 12-A by Dixon plot analysis	2012	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry, Dec-15, Volume: 20, Issue:24	Triazole pyrimidine nucleosides as inhibitors of Ribonuclease A. Synthesis, biochemical, and structural evaluation.
AID330915	Activity at P2Y6 receptor in Wistar rat microglia assessed as inhibition of intracellular calcium concentration at 100 uM after 300 secs by ratiometric fura-2 fluorescence method in presence of U73122	2007	Nature, Apr-26, Volume: 446, Issue:7139	UDP acting at P2Y6 receptors is a mediator of microglial phagocytosis.
AID150635	Measure of Agonist Potency at human P2Y purinoceptor 6 (hP2Y6) stably expressed in 131N1 astrocytoma cell	2002	Journal of medicinal chemistry, Jan-03, Volume: 45, Issue:1	Methanocarba modification of uracil and adenine nucleotides: high potency of Northern ring conformation at P2Y1, P2Y2, P2Y4, and P2Y11 but not P2Y6 receptors.
AID330926	Effect on formation of phagosome-like vacuoles in Wistar rat microglia at 100 uM after 5 mins	2007	Nature, Apr-26, Volume: 446, Issue:7139	UDP acting at P2Y6 receptors is a mediator of microglial phagocytosis.
AID330914	Agonist activity at P2Y6 receptor in Wistar rat microglia assessed as increase in intracellular calcium concentration by ratiometric fura-2 fluorescence method	2007	Nature, Apr-26, Volume: 446, Issue:7139	UDP acting at P2Y6 receptors is a mediator of microglial phagocytosis.
AID682425	Agonist activity at P2Y6 receptor in New Zealand White rabbit osteoclasts assessed as intracellular calcium mobilization by fura2-based microfluorimetric technique	2012	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry, Sep-15, Volume: 20, Issue:18	UDP made a highly promising stable, potent, and selective P2Y6-receptor agonist upon introduction of a boranophosphate moiety.
AID648185	Agonist activity at human P2Y6 receptor expressed in human 1321N1 cells assessed as stimulation of PLC-induced [3H]inositol phosphate production at 100 uM after 30 mins by scintillation counting	2012	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry, Apr-01, Volume: 20, Issue:7	Synthesis and P2Y₂ receptor agonist activities of uridine 5'-phosphonate analogues.
AID89272	Agonist activity evaluated as change in the level of cytosolic calcium in 1321N astrocytoma cells infected with a retrovirus encoding the human P2Y4 receptor at 100 uM; IA is inactive	2001	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters, Jan-22, Volume: 11, Issue:2	Synthesis and P2Y receptor activity of a series of uridine dinucleoside 5'-polyphosphates.
AID1862162	Inhibition of Klebsiella pneumoniae UGM expressed in Escherichia coli BL21(DE3) at 500 uM by Fluorescence polarization assay relative to control	2022	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry, 09-01, Volume: 69	Synthesis and evaluation of inhibitors of Mycobacterium tuberculosis UGM using bioisosteric replacement.
AID1862164	Inhibition of Klebsiella pneumoniae UGM expressed in Escherichia coli BL21(DE3) assessed as dissociation constant by fluorescence polarization assay	2022	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry, 09-01, Volume: 69	Synthesis and evaluation of inhibitors of Mycobacterium tuberculosis UGM using bioisosteric replacement.
AID1862166	Inhibition of Mycobacterium tuberculosis UGM expressed in Escherichia coli BL21(DE3) assessed as formation of UDP-galactopyranose at 500 uM preincubated for 5 min followed by substrate addition and measured after 1 to 3 mins using UDP-galactofuranose as s	2022	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry, 09-01, Volume: 69	Synthesis and evaluation of inhibitors of Mycobacterium tuberculosis UGM using bioisosteric replacement.
AID330920	Activity at P2Y6 receptor in Wistar rat microglia assessed as inhibition of intracellular calcium concentration at 100 uM by ratiometric fura-2 fluorescence method in presence of MRS2578	2007	Nature, Apr-26, Volume: 446, Issue:7139	UDP acting at P2Y6 receptors is a mediator of microglial phagocytosis.
AID330923	Effect on P2Y6 receptor-mediated cell motility in Wistar rat microglia at 100 uM by chemotaxis assay	2007	Nature, Apr-26, Volume: 446, Issue:7139	UDP acting at P2Y6 receptors is a mediator of microglial phagocytosis.
AID330931	Reversal of drug-induced of phagocytosis in Wistar rat microglia at 100 uM in presence of suramin	2007	Nature, Apr-26, Volume: 446, Issue:7139	UDP acting at P2Y6 receptors is a mediator of microglial phagocytosis.
AID677172	Binding affinity to Neisseria meningitidis alpha-1,4-GalT after 15 mins by competitive binding assay	2012	Journal of medicinal chemistry, Mar-08, Volume: 55, Issue:5	Inhibition of galactosyltransferases by a novel class of donor analogues.
AID484784	Agonist activity at human recombinant P2Y6 receptor expressed in human 1321N1 cells assessed as [3H]inositol phosphate production by scintillation proximity assay	2010	Journal of medicinal chemistry, Jun-10, Volume: 53, Issue:11	Pyrimidine ribonucleotides with enhanced selectivity as P2Y(6) receptor agonists: novel 4-alkyloxyimino, (S)-methanocarba, and 5'-triphosphate gamma-ester modifications.
AID460812	Agonist activity at human P2Y6 receptor expressed in human 1321N1 cells assessed as calcium elevation by fura2/AM assay	2010	Journal of medicinal chemistry, Feb-25, Volume: 53, Issue:4	5-OMe-UDP is a potent and selective P2Y(6)-receptor agonist.
AID197980	Compound was evaluated for time-dependent inactivation of Ribonucleotide diphosphate reductase (RDPR) in Escherichia coli	1991	Journal of medicinal chemistry, Jun, Volume: 34, Issue:6	2'-Deoxy-2'-methylenecytidine and 2'-deoxy-2',2'-difluorocytidine 5'-diphosphates: potent mechanism-based inhibitors of ribonucleotide reductase.
AID330930	Reversal of drug-induced of phagocytosis in Wistar rat microglia at 100 uM in presence of reactive blue 2	2007	Nature, Apr-26, Volume: 446, Issue:7139	UDP acting at P2Y6 receptors is a mediator of microglial phagocytosis.
AID484782	Agonist activity at human recombinant P2Y14 receptor expressed in HEK293 cells assessed as [3H]inositol phosphate production by scintillation proximity assay	2010	Journal of medicinal chemistry, Jun-10, Volume: 53, Issue:11	Pyrimidine ribonucleotides with enhanced selectivity as P2Y(6) receptor agonists: novel 4-alkyloxyimino, (S)-methanocarba, and 5'-triphosphate gamma-ester modifications.
AID431263	Activity of cloned NDPK in human HuH7 cells assessed as formation of uridine triphosphate by spectrophotometry	2008	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Feb, Volume: 52, Issue:2	The mechanism of action of beta-D-2'-deoxy-2'-fluoro-2'-C-methylcytidine involves a second metabolic pathway leading to beta-D-2'-deoxy-2'-fluoro-2'-C-methyluridine 5'-triphosphate, a potent inhibitor of the hepatitis C virus RNA-dependent RNA polymerase.
AID1137665	Displacement of [3H]PSB-12150 from human GPR17 expressed in CHO-K1 cell membranes up to 1 mM after 60 mins by liquid scintillation counting	2014	ACS medicinal chemistry letters, Apr-10, Volume: 5, Issue:4	Development of [(3)H]2-Carboxy-4,6-dichloro-1H-indole-3-propionic Acid ([(3)H]PSB-12150): A Useful Tool for Studying GPR17.
AID444562	Agonist activity at human P2Y6 receptor expressed in human 1321N1 cells coexpressing phospholipase C-activating Gq protein assessed as [3H]inositol phosphate production	2010	Journal of medicinal chemistry, Jan-14, Volume: 53, Issue:1	Human P2Y(14) receptor agonists: truncation of the hexose moiety of uridine-5'-diphosphoglucose and its replacement with alkyl and aryl groups.
AID330924	Effect on formation of F-actin aggregation in Wistar rat microglia at 100 uM after 5 mins	2007	Nature, Apr-26, Volume: 446, Issue:7139	UDP acting at P2Y6 receptors is a mediator of microglial phagocytosis.
AID682422	Drug metabolism in human serum assessed as nucleoside 5'-monophosphate formation incubated up to 24 hrs by HPLC analysis	2012	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry, Sep-15, Volume: 20, Issue:18	UDP made a highly promising stable, potent, and selective P2Y6-receptor agonist upon introduction of a boranophosphate moiety.
AID682419	Half life in KCl/HCl buffer by 31P-NMR analysis at pH 1.4	2012	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry, Sep-15, Volume: 20, Issue:18	UDP made a highly promising stable, potent, and selective P2Y6-receptor agonist upon introduction of a boranophosphate moiety.
AID272719	Agonist activity at human P2Y4 receptor expressed in 1321N1 cells assessed as IP accumulation by SPA	2006	Journal of medicinal chemistry, Nov-30, Volume: 49, Issue:24	Synthesis and structure-activity relationships of uracil nucleotide derivatives and analogues as agonists at human P2Y2, P2Y4, and P2Y6 receptors.
AID593124	Agonist activity at human recombinant P2Y2 receptor expressed in human 1321N1 cells assessed as [3H]inositol phosphate intracellular accumulation by scintillation proximity assay	2011	Journal of medicinal chemistry, Apr-28, Volume: 54, Issue:8	Structural modifications of UMP, UDP, and UTP leading to subtype-selective agonists for P2Y2, P2Y4, and P2Y6 receptors.
AID367517	Inhibition of Escherichia coli UDP-galactopyranose mutase assessed as inhibition of conversion to UDP-galactopyranose	2009	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters, Feb-01, Volume: 19, Issue:3	Probing UDP-galactopyranose mutase binding pocket: a dramatic effect on substitution of the 6-position of UDP-galactofuranose.
AID682420	Hydrolytic stability of the compound assessed as human NPP1-mediated hydrolysis measuring UMP formation after 2 hrs by HPLC analysis	2012	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry, Sep-15, Volume: 20, Issue:18	UDP made a highly promising stable, potent, and selective P2Y6-receptor agonist upon introduction of a boranophosphate moiety.
AID330934	Agonist activity at CysLT1 receptor in Wistar rat microglia assessed as increase in intracellular calcium concentration at 30 uM by ratiometric fura-2 fluorescence method	2007	Nature, Apr-26, Volume: 446, Issue:7139	UDP acting at P2Y6 receptors is a mediator of microglial phagocytosis.
AID367518	Binding affinity to Escherichia coli UDP-galactopyranose mutase	2009	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters, Feb-01, Volume: 19, Issue:3	Probing UDP-galactopyranose mutase binding pocket: a dramatic effect on substitution of the 6-position of UDP-galactofuranose.
AID150331	Evaluated for agonist activity against phospholipase C coupled P2Y purinoceptor 1 (P2Y1) of human erythrocytes	2002	Journal of medicinal chemistry, Sep-12, Volume: 45, Issue:19	Purine and pyrimidine (P2) receptors as drug targets.
AID330935	Activity at CysLT1 receptor expressed in CHO cells assessed as inhibition of in intracellular calcium concentration at 1 uM treated twice for 20 secs by ratiometric fura-2 fluorescence method in presence of MRS2578	2007	Nature, Apr-26, Volume: 446, Issue:7139	UDP acting at P2Y6 receptors is a mediator of microglial phagocytosis.
AID1862165	Inhibition of Mycobacterium tuberculosis UGM expressed in Escherichia coli BL21(DE3) assessed as dissociation constant by fluorescence polarization assay	2022	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry, 09-01, Volume: 69	Synthesis and evaluation of inhibitors of Mycobacterium tuberculosis UGM using bioisosteric replacement.
AID330916	Activity at P2Y6 receptor in Wistar rat microglia assessed as inhibition of intracellular calcium concentration at 100 uM after 600 secs by ratiometric fura-2 fluorescence method in presence of thapsigargin	2007	Nature, Apr-26, Volume: 446, Issue:7139	UDP acting at P2Y6 receptors is a mediator of microglial phagocytosis.
AID404830	Agonist activity at human P2Y6 receptor expressed in human 1321N1 cells assessed as [3H]inositol phosphate accumulation by scintillation proximity assay	2008	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry, Jun-15, Volume: 16, Issue:12	Synthesis and potency of novel uracil nucleotides and derivatives as P2Y2 and P2Y6 receptor agonists.
AID150321	Evaluated for agonist activity against phospholipase C coupled recombinant human P2Y purinoceptor 2 (P2Y2)	2002	Journal of medicinal chemistry, Sep-12, Volume: 45, Issue:19	Purine and pyrimidine (P2) receptors as drug targets.
AID89268	Agonist activity evaluated as change in the level of cytosolic calcium in 1321N astrocytoma cells infected with a retrovirus encoding the human P2Y1 receptor at 100 uM; IA is inactive	2001	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters, Jan-22, Volume: 11, Issue:2	Synthesis and P2Y receptor activity of a series of uridine dinucleoside 5'-polyphosphates.
AID682421	Hydrolytic stability of the compound assessed as human NPP3-mediated hydrolysis after 3 hrs by HPLC analysis	2012	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry, Sep-15, Volume: 20, Issue:18	UDP made a highly promising stable, potent, and selective P2Y6-receptor agonist upon introduction of a boranophosphate moiety.
AID682411	Agonist activity at P2Y6 receptor expressed in human 1321N1 cells assessed as inositol phosphate accumulation	2012	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry, Sep-15, Volume: 20, Issue:18	UDP made a highly promising stable, potent, and selective P2Y6-receptor agonist upon introduction of a boranophosphate moiety.
AID330938	Reversal of drug-induced phagocytosis in Wistar rat microglia at 100 uM in presence of thapsigargin	2007	Nature, Apr-26, Volume: 446, Issue:7139	UDP acting at P2Y6 receptors is a mediator of microglial phagocytosis.
AID330937	Reversal of drug-induced phagocytosis in Wistar rat microglia at 100 uM in presence of U73122	2007	Nature, Apr-26, Volume: 446, Issue:7139	UDP acting at P2Y6 receptors is a mediator of microglial phagocytosis.
AID272716	Agonist activity at human P2Y2 receptor expressed in 1321N1 cells assessed as IP accumulation by SPA	2006	Journal of medicinal chemistry, Nov-30, Volume: 49, Issue:24	Synthesis and structure-activity relationships of uracil nucleotide derivatives and analogues as agonists at human P2Y2, P2Y4, and P2Y6 receptors.
AID682412	Agonist activity at human P2Y6 receptor	2012	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry, Sep-15, Volume: 20, Issue:18	UDP made a highly promising stable, potent, and selective P2Y6-receptor agonist upon introduction of a boranophosphate moiety.
AID593126	Agonist activity at human recombinant P2Y6 receptor expressed in human 1321N1 cells assessed as [3H]inositol phosphate intracellular accumulation by scintillation proximity assay	2011	Journal of medicinal chemistry, Apr-28, Volume: 54, Issue:8	Structural modifications of UMP, UDP, and UTP leading to subtype-selective agonists for P2Y2, P2Y4, and P2Y6 receptors.
AID682424	Half life in human serum by HPLC analysis	2012	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry, Sep-15, Volume: 20, Issue:18	UDP made a highly promising stable, potent, and selective P2Y6-receptor agonist upon introduction of a boranophosphate moiety.
AID330928	Induction of phagocytosis in Wistar rat microglia assessed as uptake of microspheres after 20 mins by FACS	2007	Nature, Apr-26, Volume: 446, Issue:7139	UDP acting at P2Y6 receptors is a mediator of microglial phagocytosis.
AID256769	Stimulation of phospholipase C in 1321N1 astrocytoma cells transfected with human P2Y6 receptor	2005	Journal of medicinal chemistry, Dec-29, Volume: 48, Issue:26	Human P2Y(6) receptor: molecular modeling leads to the rational design of a novel agonist based on a unique conformational preference.
AID1370004	Drug metabolism at 2 mM at pH 1.7 at room temperature after 28 days by 31P NMR method	2018	Journal of medicinal chemistry, 05-10, Volume: 61, Issue:9	Highly Selective and Potent Ectonucleotide Pyrophosphatase-1 (NPP1) Inhibitors Based on Uridine 5'-P
AID647896	Agonist activity at rat P2Y purinoceptor 6 expressed in human 1321N1 cells assessed as increase in intracellular calcium concentration by spectrofluorimetry	2012	Journal of medicinal chemistry, Jan-12, Volume: 55, Issue:1	Boranophosphate isoster controls P2Y-receptor subtype selectivity and metabolic stability of dinucleoside polyphosphate analogues.
AID373704	Agonist activity at rat P2Y6 receptor expressed in human 1321N1 cells assessed as increase in intracellular calcium concentration by dual-excitation spectrofluorimetric analysis	2009	European journal of medicinal chemistry, Apr, Volume: 44, Issue:4	Identification of hydrolytically stable and selective P2Y(1) receptor agonists.
AID460576	Agonist activity at human P2Y4 receptor expressed in human 1321N1 cells assessed as calcium elevation by fura2/AM assay	2010	Journal of medicinal chemistry, Feb-25, Volume: 53, Issue:4	5-OMe-UDP is a potent and selective P2Y(6)-receptor agonist.
AID330918	Activity at P2Y6 receptor in Wistar rat microglia assessed as inhibition of intracellular calcium concentration at 100 uM by ratiometric fura-2 fluorescence method in presence of reactive blue 2	2007	Nature, Apr-26, Volume: 446, Issue:7139	UDP acting at P2Y6 receptors is a mediator of microglial phagocytosis.
AID150636	The compound was evaluated for agonist activity against phospholipase C coupled recombinant human P2Y purinoceptor 6 (P2Y6)	2002	Journal of medicinal chemistry, Sep-12, Volume: 45, Issue:19	Purine and pyrimidine (P2) receptors as drug targets.
AID568345	Inhibition of human OGT	2011	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters, Feb-15, Volume: 21, Issue:4	6''-Azido-6''-deoxy-UDP-N-acetylglucosamine as a glycosyltransferase substrate.
AID682415	Agonist activity at human GFP-tagged P2Y6 receptor expressed in human 1321N1 cells assessed as intracellular calcium mobilization by fura2/AM-based fluorescence spectrophotometry	2012	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry, Sep-15, Volume: 20, Issue:18	UDP made a highly promising stable, potent, and selective P2Y6-receptor agonist upon introduction of a boranophosphate moiety.
AID330927	Effect on formation of phagocytotic cup in Wistar rat microglia at 100 uM after 5 mins	2007	Nature, Apr-26, Volume: 446, Issue:7139	UDP acting at P2Y6 receptors is a mediator of microglial phagocytosis.
AID330919	Activity at P2Y6 receptor in Wistar rat microglia assessed as inhibition of intracellular calcium concentration at 100 uM in presence of suramin by ratiometric fura-2 fluorescence method	2007	Nature, Apr-26, Volume: 446, Issue:7139	UDP acting at P2Y6 receptors is a mediator of microglial phagocytosis.
AID330921	Effect on P2Y6 receptor-mediated cell motility in Wistar rat microglia assessed as formation of lamellipodia-like membrane ruffles at 100 uM after 5 mins	2007	Nature, Apr-26, Volume: 446, Issue:7139	UDP acting at P2Y6 receptors is a mediator of microglial phagocytosis.
AID89269	Agonist activity evaluated as change in the level of cytosolic calcium in 1321N astrocytoma cells infected with a retrovirus encoding the human P2Y2 receptor	2001	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters, Jan-22, Volume: 11, Issue:2	Synthesis and P2Y receptor activity of a series of uridine dinucleoside 5'-polyphosphates.
AID330925	Effect on formation of filopodia-like protrusions in Wistar rat microglia at 100 uM after 5 mins	2007	Nature, Apr-26, Volume: 446, Issue:7139	UDP acting at P2Y6 receptors is a mediator of microglial phagocytosis.
AID89273	Agonist activity evaluated as change in the level of cytosolic calcium in 1321N astrocytoma cells infected with a retrovirus encoding the human P2Y6 receptor	2001	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters, Jan-22, Volume: 11, Issue:2	Synthesis and P2Y receptor activity of a series of uridine dinucleoside 5'-polyphosphates.
AID1605611	Competitive inhibition of recombinant His-tagged yeast GYS2P expressed in Escherichia coli BL21(DE3) cells using UDPG as substrate in presence of G-6-P by 14C-glucose incorporation based Michaelis-Menton plot analysis	2020	Journal of medicinal chemistry, 04-09, Volume: 63, Issue:7	Discovery and Development of Small-Molecule Inhibitors of Glycogen Synthase.
AID271163	Agonist activity at human recombinant P2Y6 receptor expressed in 1321N1 cells assessed as PLC-mediated [3H]IP production	2006	Journal of medicinal chemistry, Sep-07, Volume: 49, Issue:18	Structure-activity relationships of uridine 5'-diphosphate analogues at the human P2Y6 receptor.
AID431265	Ratio of Kcat to Km for cloned NDPK in human HuH7 cells assessed as formation of uridine triphosphate by spectrophotometry	2008	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Feb, Volume: 52, Issue:2	The mechanism of action of beta-D-2'-deoxy-2'-fluoro-2'-C-methylcytidine involves a second metabolic pathway leading to beta-D-2'-deoxy-2'-fluoro-2'-C-methyluridine 5'-triphosphate, a potent inhibitor of the hepatitis C virus RNA-dependent RNA polymerase.
AID197979	Compound was evaluated for time-dependent inactivation of Ribonucleotide diphosphate reductase (RDPR) in Escherichia coli	1991	Journal of medicinal chemistry, Jun, Volume: 34, Issue:6	2'-Deoxy-2'-methylenecytidine and 2'-deoxy-2',2'-difluorocytidine 5'-diphosphates: potent mechanism-based inhibitors of ribonucleotide reductase.
AID1232374	Agonist activity at recombinant human P2Y14 receptor expressed in African green monkey COS7 cells co-transfected with Galphaqi assessed as stimulation of phospholipase Cbeta	2015	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry, Jul-15, Volume: 23, Issue:14	Molecular modeling of the human P2Y14 receptor: A template for structure-based design of selective agonist ligands.
AID460573	Agonist activity at human P2Y2 receptor expressed in human 1321N1 cells assessed as calcium elevation by fura2/AM assay	2010	Journal of medicinal chemistry, Feb-25, Volume: 53, Issue:4	5-OMe-UDP is a potent and selective P2Y(6)-receptor agonist.
AID593125	Agonist activity at human recombinant P2Y4 receptor expressed in human 1321N1 cells assessed as [3H]inositol phosphate intracellular accumulation by scintillation proximity assay	2011	Journal of medicinal chemistry, Apr-28, Volume: 54, Issue:8	Structural modifications of UMP, UDP, and UTP leading to subtype-selective agonists for P2Y2, P2Y4, and P2Y6 receptors.
AID272722	Agonist activity at human P2Y6 receptor expressed in 1321N1 cells assessed as IP accumulation by SPA	2006	Journal of medicinal chemistry, Nov-30, Volume: 49, Issue:24	Synthesis and structure-activity relationships of uracil nucleotide derivatives and analogues as agonists at human P2Y2, P2Y4, and P2Y6 receptors.
AID330939	Reversal of drug-induced phagocytosis in Wistar rat microglia at 100 uM in presence of staurosporine	2007	Nature, Apr-26, Volume: 446, Issue:7139	UDP acting at P2Y6 receptors is a mediator of microglial phagocytosis.
AID682423	Drug metabolism in human serum assessed as nucleoside formation incubated up to 24 hrs by HPLC analysis	2012	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry, Sep-15, Volume: 20, Issue:18	UDP made a highly promising stable, potent, and selective P2Y6-receptor agonist upon introduction of a boranophosphate moiety.
AID1346426	Human P2Y6 receptor (P2Y receptors)	1996	Biochemical and biophysical research communications, May-15, Volume: 222, Issue:2	Cloning, functional expression and tissue distribution of the human P2Y6 receptor.
AID1346625	Mouse Kir6.1 (Inwardly rectifying potassium channels)	1997	The Journal of physiology, Mar-15, Volume: 499 ( Pt 3)	Sulphonylurea receptor 2B and Kir6.1 form a sulphonylurea-sensitive but ATP-insensitive K+ channel.
AID1346390	Human P2Y14 receptor (P2Y receptors)	2009	Molecular pharmacology, Dec, Volume: 76, Issue:6	Quantification of Gi-mediated inhibition of adenylyl cyclase activity reveals that UDP is a potent agonist of the human P2Y14 receptor.
AID1346914	Human GPR17 (Class A Orphans)	2006	The EMBO journal, Oct-04, Volume: 25, Issue:19	The orphan receptor GPR17 identified as a new dual uracil nucleotides/cysteinyl-leukotrienes receptor.
AID1346914	Human GPR17 (Class A Orphans)	2010	British journal of pharmacology, Mar, Volume: 159, Issue:5	Distinct expression and ligand-binding profiles of two constitutively active GPR17 splice variants.
AID1346395	Rat P2Y14 receptor (P2Y receptors)	2008	The Journal of pharmacology and experimental therapeutics, May, Volume: 325, Issue:2	UDP is a competitive antagonist at the human P2Y14 receptor.
AID1347154	Primary screen GU AMC qHTS for Zika virus inhibitors	2020	Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, 12-08, Volume: 117, Issue:49	Therapeutic candidates for the Zika virus identified by a high-throughput screen for Zika protease inhibitors.
AID1508630	Primary qHTS for small molecule stabilizers of the endoplasmic reticulum resident proteome: Secreted ER Calcium Modulated Protein (SERCaMP) assay	2021	Cell reports, 04-27, Volume: 35, Issue:4	A target-agnostic screen identifies approved drugs to stabilize the endoplasmic reticulum-resident proteome.
AID1159607	Screen for inhibitors of RMI FANCM (MM2) intereaction	2016	Journal of biomolecular screening, Jul, Volume: 21, Issue:6	A High-Throughput Screening Strategy to Identify Protein-Protein Interaction Inhibitors That Block the Fanconi Anemia DNA Repair Pathway.
[information is prepared from bioassay data collected from National Library of Medicine (NLM), extracted Dec-2023]

Timeframe	Studies, This Drug (%)	All Drugs %
pre-1990	127 (11.04)	18.7374
1990's	162 (14.09)	18.2507
2000's	281 (24.43)	29.6817
2010's	290 (25.22)	24.3611
2020's	290 (25.22)	2.80
[information is prepared from research data collected from National Library of Medicine (NLM), extracted Dec-2023]

Publication Type	This drug (%)	All Drugs (%)
Trials	0 (0.00%)	5.53%
Trials	4 (0.34%)	5.53%
Reviews	0 (0.00%)	6.00%
Reviews	61 (5.24%)	6.00%
Case Studies	0 (0.00%)	4.05%
Case Studies	2 (0.17%)	4.05%
Observational	0 (0.00%)	0.25%
Observational	0 (0.00%)	0.25%
Other	5 (100.00%)	84.16%
Other	1,097 (94.24%)	84.16%
[information is prepared from research data collected from National Library of Medicine (NLM), extracted Dec-2023]

Substance	Relationship Strength	Studies	Trials	Classes	Roles
cytidine monophosphate Cytidine Monophosphate: Cytidine (dihydrogen phosphate). A cytosine nucleotide containing one phosphate group esterified to the sugar moiety in the 2', 3' or 5' position.. cytidine 5'-monophosphate : A pyrimidine ribonucleoside 5'-monophosphate having cytosine as the nucleobase.	2.05	1	0	cytidine 5'-phosphate; pyrimidine ribonucleoside 5'-monophosphate	Escherichia coli metabolite; human metabolite; mouse metabolite
3'-cmp 3'-CMP : A cytidine 3'-phosphate compound with a monophosphate group at the 3'-position.	2.05	1	0	cytidine 3'-phosphate; pyrimidine ribonucleoside 3'-monophosphate	Escherichia coli metabolite; metabolite; mouse metabolite
3'-uridylic acid 3'-uridylic acid: structure in first source; main heading URIDINE MONOPHOSPHATE refers to 5'-uridylic acid. 3'-UMP : A pyrimidine ribonucleoside 3'-monophosphate having uracil as the nucleobase.	2.05	1	0	pyrimidine ribonucleoside 3'-monophosphate; uridine phosphate	Escherichia coli metabolite
gamma-aminobutyric acid gamma-Aminobutyric Acid: The most common inhibitory neurotransmitter in the central nervous system.. gamma-aminobutyric acid : A gamma-amino acid that is butanoic acid with the amino substituent located at C-4.	2.05	1	0	amino acid zwitterion; gamma-amino acid; monocarboxylic acid	human metabolite; neurotransmitter; Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite; signalling molecule
adenine [no description available]	2.48	2	0	6-aminopurines; purine nucleobase	Daphnia magna metabolite; Escherichia coli metabolite; human metabolite; mouse metabolite; Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite
curdlan D-hexose : A hexose that has D-configuration at position 5.	2.46	2	0	hexose
ammonium hydroxide azane : Saturated acyclic nitrogen hydrides having the general formula NnHn+2.	2.41	1	0	azane; gas molecular entity; mononuclear parent hydride	EC 3.5.1.4 (amidase) inhibitor; metabolite; mouse metabolite; neurotoxin; NMR chemical shift reference compound; nucleophilic reagent; refrigerant
anthranilic acid anthranilic acid: RN given refers to parent cpd; structure in Negwer, 5th ed, #565. anthranilic acid : An aminobenzoic acid that is benzoic acid having a single amino substituent located at position 2. It is a metabolite produced in L-tryptophan-kynurenine pathway in the central nervous system.	1.94	1	0	aminobenzoic acid	human metabolite; mouse metabolite
beta-alanine [no description available]	2	1	0	amino acid zwitterion; beta-amino acid	agonist; fundamental metabolite; human metabolite; inhibitor; neurotransmitter
1-butanol 1-Butanol: A four carbon linear hydrocarbon that has a hydroxy group at position 1.. butan-1-ol : A primary alcohol that is butane in which a hydrogen of one of the methyl groups is substituted by a hydroxy group. It it produced in small amounts in humans by the gut microbes.	2.08	1	0	alkyl alcohol; primary alcohol; short-chain primary fatty alcohol	human metabolite; mouse metabolite; protic solvent
carbamates [no description available]	2.1	1	0	amino-acid anion
methane Methane: The simplest saturated hydrocarbon. It is a colorless, flammable gas, slightly soluble in water. It is one of the chief constituents of natural gas and is formed in the decomposition of organic matter. (Grant & Hackh's Chemical Dictionary, 5th ed). methane : A one-carbon compound in which the carbon is attached by single bonds to four hydrogen atoms. It is a colourless, odourless, non-toxic but flammable gas (b.p. -161degreeC).	3.01	2	0	alkane; gas molecular entity; mononuclear parent hydride; one-carbon compound	bacterial metabolite; fossil fuel; greenhouse gas
choline [no description available]	2.43	2	0	cholines	allergen; Daphnia magna metabolite; Escherichia coli metabolite; human metabolite; mouse metabolite; neurotransmitter; nutrient; plant metabolite; Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite
citric acid, anhydrous Citric Acid: A key intermediate in metabolism. It is an acid compound found in citrus fruits. The salts of citric acid (citrates) can be used as anticoagulants due to their calcium chelating ability.. citric acid : A tricarboxylic acid that is propane-1,2,3-tricarboxylic acid bearing a hydroxy substituent at position 2. It is an important metabolite in the pathway of all aerobic organisms.	2.11	1	0	tricarboxylic acid	antimicrobial agent; chelator; food acidity regulator; fundamental metabolite
chlorine chloride : A halide anion formed when chlorine picks up an electron to form an an anion.	3.51	8	0	halide anion; monoatomic chlorine	cofactor; Escherichia coli metabolite; human metabolite
salicylic acid Scalp: The outer covering of the calvaria. It is composed of several layers: SKIN; subcutaneous connective tissue; the occipitofrontal muscle which includes the tendinous galea aponeurotica; loose connective tissue; and the pericranium (the PERIOSTEUM of the SKULL).	2	1	0	monohydroxybenzoic acid	algal metabolite; antifungal agent; antiinfective agent; EC 1.11.1.11 (L-ascorbate peroxidase) inhibitor; keratolytic drug; plant hormone; plant metabolite
gallic acid gallate : A trihydroxybenzoate that is the conjugate base of gallic acid.	2.41	1	0	trihydroxybenzoic acid	antineoplastic agent; antioxidant; apoptosis inducer; astringent; cyclooxygenase 2 inhibitor; EC 1.13.11.33 (arachidonate 15-lipoxygenase) inhibitor; geroprotector; human xenobiotic metabolite; plant metabolite
cytosine [no description available]	2.02	1	0	aminopyrimidine; pyrimidine nucleobase; pyrimidone	Escherichia coli metabolite; human metabolite; mouse metabolite; Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite
lactic acid Lactic Acid: A normal intermediate in the fermentation (oxidation, metabolism) of sugar. The concentrated form is used internally to prevent gastrointestinal fermentation. (From Stedman, 26th ed). 2-hydroxypropanoic acid : A 2-hydroxy monocarboxylic acid that is propanoic acid in which one of the alpha-hydrogens is replaced by a hydroxy group.	2.06	1	0	2-hydroxy monocarboxylic acid	algal metabolite; Daphnia magna metabolite
diacetyl butane-2,3-dione : An alpha-diketone that is butane substituted by oxo groups at positions 2 and 3. It is a metabolite produced during the malolactic fermentation.	1.96	1	0	alpha-diketone	Escherichia coli metabolite; Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite
dimethyl sulfoxide Dimethyl Sulfoxide: A highly polar organic liquid, that is used widely as a chemical solvent. Because of its ability to penetrate biological membranes, it is used as a vehicle for topical application of pharmaceuticals. It is also used to protect tissue during CRYOPRESERVATION. Dimethyl sulfoxide shows a range of pharmacological activity including analgesia and anti-inflammation.. dimethyl sulfoxide : A 2-carbon sulfoxide in which the sulfur atom has two methyl substituents.	1.99	1	0	sulfoxide; volatile organic compound	alkylating agent; antidote; Escherichia coli metabolite; geroprotector; MRI contrast agent; non-narcotic analgesic; polar aprotic solvent; radical scavenger
formaldehyde paraform: polymerized formaldehyde; RN given refers to parent cpd; used in root canal therapy	2.11	1	0	aldehyde; one-carbon compound	allergen; carcinogenic agent; disinfectant; EC 3.5.1.4 (amidase) inhibitor; environmental contaminant; Escherichia coli metabolite; mouse metabolite; Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite
glycine [no description available]	2.96	4	0	alpha-amino acid; amino acid zwitterion; proteinogenic amino acid; serine family amino acid	EC 2.1.2.1 (glycine hydroxymethyltransferase) inhibitor; fundamental metabolite; hepatoprotective agent; micronutrient; neurotransmitter; NMDA receptor agonist; nutraceutical
glyceraldehyde Glyceraldehyde: An aldotriose containing the propionaldehyde structure with hydroxy groups at the 2- and 3-positions. It is involved in the formation of ADVANCED GLYCOSYLATION END PRODUCTS.. glyceraldehyde : An aldotriose comprising propanal having hydroxy groups at the 2- and 3-positions. It plays role in the formation of advanced glycation end-products (AGEs), a deleterious accompaniment to ageing.. aldose : Aldehydic parent sugars (polyhydroxy aldehydes H[CH(OH)]nC(=O)H, n >= 2) and their intramolecular hemiacetals.	2.6	1	0	aldotriose	fundamental metabolite
hydrogen Hydrogen: The first chemical element in the periodic table with atomic symbol H, and atomic number 1. Protium (atomic weight 1) is by far the most common hydrogen isotope. Hydrogen also exists as the stable isotope DEUTERIUM (atomic weight 2) and the radioactive isotope TRITIUM (atomic weight 3). Hydrogen forms into a diatomic molecule at room temperature and appears as a highly flammable colorless and odorless gas.. dihydrogen : An elemental molecule consisting of two hydrogens joined by a single bond.	2.41	1	0	elemental hydrogen; elemental molecule; gas molecular entity	antioxidant; electron donor; food packaging gas; fuel; human metabolite
indoleacetic acid indoleacetic acid: RN given refers to unlabeled parent cpd; structure in Merck Index, 9th ed, #4841. auxin : Any of a group of compounds, both naturally occurring and synthetic, that induce cell elongation in plant stems (from Greek alphaupsilonxialphanuomega, "to grow").. indole-3-acetic acid : A monocarboxylic acid that is acetic acid in which one of the methyl hydrogens has been replaced by a 1H-indol-3-yl group.	2.37	2	0	indole-3-acetic acids; monocarboxylic acid	auxin; human metabolite; mouse metabolite; plant hormone; plant metabolite
pyruvaldehyde Pyruvaldehyde: An organic compound used often as a reagent in organic synthesis, as a flavoring agent, and in tanning. It has been demonstrated as an intermediate in the metabolism of acetone and its derivatives in isolated cell preparations, in various culture media, and in vivo in certain animals.. methylglyoxal : A 2-oxo aldehyde derived from propanal.	2.76	2	0	2-oxo aldehyde; propanals	Escherichia coli metabolite; human metabolite; mouse metabolite; Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite
methanol Methanol: A colorless, flammable liquid used in the manufacture of FORMALDEHYDE and ACETIC ACID, in chemical synthesis, antifreeze, and as a solvent. Ingestion of methanol is toxic and may cause blindness.. primary alcohol : A primary alcohol is a compound in which a hydroxy group, -OH, is attached to a saturated carbon atom which has either three hydrogen atoms attached to it or only one other carbon atom and two hydrogen atoms attached to it.. methanol : The primary alcohol that is the simplest aliphatic alcohol, comprising a methyl and an alcohol group.	2.47	2	0	alkyl alcohol; one-carbon compound; primary alcohol; volatile organic compound	amphiprotic solvent; Escherichia coli metabolite; fuel; human metabolite; mouse metabolite; Mycoplasma genitalium metabolite
phytic acid Phytic Acid: Complexing agent for removal of traces of heavy metal ions. It acts also as a hypocalcemic agent.. myo-inositol hexakisphosphate : A myo-inositol hexakisphosphate in which each hydroxy group of myo-inositol is monophosphorylated.	2.6	1	0	inositol phosphate
inositol Inositol: An isomer of glucose that has traditionally been considered to be a B vitamin although it has an uncertain status as a vitamin and a deficiency syndrome has not been identified in man. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p1379) Inositol phospholipids are important in signal transduction.. inositol : Any cyclohexane-1,2,3,4,5,6-hexol.. 1D-chiro-inositol : Belonging to the inositol family of compounds, D-chiro-inositol (DCI) is an isomer of glucose. It is an important secondary messenger in insulin signal transduction.. muco-inositol : An inositol that is cyclohexane-1,2,3,4,5,6-hexol having a (1R,2R,3r,4R,5S,6r)-configuration.	2.93	4	0	cyclitol; hexol
nickel Nickel: A trace element with the atomic symbol Ni, atomic number 28, and atomic weight 58.69. It is a cofactor of the enzyme UREASE.. nickel ion : A nickel atom having a net electric charge.. nickel atom : Chemical element (nickel group element atom) with atomic number 28.	2.4	2	0	metal allergen; nickel group element atom	epitope; micronutrient
niacinamide nicotinamide : A pyridinecarboxamide that is pyridine in which the hydrogen at position 3 is replaced by a carboxamide group.	2.4	2	0	pyridine alkaloid; pyridinecarboxamide; vitamin B3	anti-inflammatory agent; antioxidant; cofactor; EC 2.4.2.30 (NAD(+) ADP-ribosyltransferase) inhibitor; EC 3.5.1.98 (histone deacetylase) inhibitor; Escherichia coli metabolite; geroprotector; human urinary metabolite; metabolite; mouse metabolite; neuroprotective agent; Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite; Sir2 inhibitor
nitrous oxide Nitrous Oxide: Nitrogen oxide (N2O). A colorless, odorless gas that is used as an anesthetic and analgesic. High concentrations cause a narcotic effect and may replace oxygen, causing death by asphyxia. It is also used as a food aerosol in the preparation of whipping cream.. dinitrogen oxide : A nitrogen oxide consisting of linear unsymmetrical molecules with formula N2O. While it is the most used gaseous anaesthetic in the world, its major commercial use, due to its solubility under pressure in vegetable fats combined with its non-toxicity in low concentrations, is as an aerosol spray propellant and aerating agent for canisters of 'whipped' cream.	3.14	1	0	gas molecular entity; nitrogen oxide	analgesic; bacterial metabolite; food packaging gas; food propellant; general anaesthetic; greenhouse gas; inhalation anaesthetic; NMDA receptor antagonist; raising agent; refrigerant; vasodilator agent
orotic acid Orotic Acid: An intermediate product in PYRIMIDINE synthesis which plays a role in chemical conversions between DIHYDROFOLATE and TETRAHYDROFOLATE.. orotic acid : A pyrimidinemonocarboxylic acid that is uracil bearing a carboxy substituent at position C-6.	2.38	2	0	pyrimidinemonocarboxylic acid	Escherichia coli metabolite; metabolite; mouse metabolite
4-aminobenzoic acid 4-Aminobenzoic Acid: An aminobenzoic acid isomer that combines with pteridine and GLUTAMIC ACID to form FOLIC ACID. The fact that 4-aminobenzoic acid absorbs light throughout the UVB range has also resulted in its use as an ingredient in SUNSCREENS.. 4-ammoniobenzoate : A zwitterion obtained by transfer of a proton from the carboxy to the amino group of 4-aminobenzoic acid.. 4-aminobenzoic acid : An aminobenzoic acid in which the amino group is para to the carboxy group.	2.01	1	0	aminobenzoic acid; aromatic amino-acid zwitterion	allergen; Escherichia coli metabolite; plant metabolite
4-nitrophenol 4-nitrophenol: RN given refers to parent cpd. mononitrophenol : A nitrophenol that is phenol carrying a single nitro substituent at unspecified position.. 4-nitrophenol : A member of the class of 4-nitrophenols that is phenol in which the hydrogen that is para to the hydroxy group has been replaced by a nitro group.	3.21	6	0	4-nitrophenols	human xenobiotic metabolite; mouse metabolite
triphosphoric acid triphosphoric acid: used as water softener, peptizing agent, emulsifier & dispersing agent; ingredient of cleansers; meat preservative; RN given refers to parent cpd; structure	2.41	1	0	acyclic phosphorus acid anhydride; phosphorus oxoacid
palmitic acid Palmitic Acid: A common saturated fatty acid found in fats and waxes including olive oil, palm oil, and body lipids.. hexadecanoic acid : A straight-chain, sixteen-carbon, saturated long-chain fatty acid.	2.47	2	0	long-chain fatty acid; straight-chain saturated fatty acid	algal metabolite; Daphnia magna metabolite; EC 1.1.1.189 (prostaglandin-E2 9-reductase) inhibitor; plant metabolite
phenol [no description available]	2.52	2	0	phenols	antiseptic drug; disinfectant; human xenobiotic metabolite; mouse metabolite
phosphoenolpyruvate Phosphoenolpyruvate: A monocarboxylic acid anion derived from selective deprotonation of the carboxy group of phosphoenolpyruvic acid. It is a metabolic intermediate in GLYCOLYSIS; GLUCONEOGENESIS; and other pathways.. phosphoenolpyruvate : A monocarboxylic acid anion resuting from selective deprotonation of the carboxy group of phosphoenolpyruvic acid.. phosphoenolpyruvic acid : A monocarboxylic acid that is acrylic acid substituted by a phosphonooxy group at position 2. It is a metabolic intermediate in pathways like glycolysis and gluconeogenesis.	2.41	2	0	carboxyalkyl phosphate; monocarboxylic acid	fundamental metabolite
diphosphoric acid diphosphoric acid : An acyclic phosphorus acid anhydride obtained by condensation of two molecules of phosphoric acid.	2.55	2	0	acyclic phosphorus acid anhydride; phosphorus oxoacid	Escherichia coli metabolite
pyridoxal [no description available]	1.99	1	0	hydroxymethylpyridine; methylpyridines; monohydroxypyridine; pyridinecarbaldehyde; vitamin B6	cofactor; Escherichia coli metabolite; human metabolite; mouse metabolite; Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite
pyridoxal phosphate Pyridoxal Phosphate: This is the active form of VITAMIN B 6 serving as a coenzyme for synthesis of amino acids, neurotransmitters (serotonin, norepinephrine), sphingolipids, aminolevulinic acid. During transamination of amino acids, pyridoxal phosphate is transiently converted into pyridoxamine phosphate (PYRIDOXAMINE).. pyridoxal 5'-phosphate : The monophosphate ester obtained by condensation of phosphoric acid with the primary hydroxy group of pyridoxal.	6.01	21	0	methylpyridines; monohydroxypyridine; pyridinecarbaldehyde; vitamin B6 phosphate	coenzyme; cofactor; EC 2.7.7.7 (DNA-directed DNA polymerase) inhibitor; Escherichia coli metabolite; human metabolite; mouse metabolite; Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite
spermine [no description available]	3.08	1	0	polyazaalkane; tetramine	antioxidant; fundamental metabolite; immunosuppressive agent
succinic acid Succinic Acid: A water-soluble, colorless crystal with an acid taste that is used as a chemical intermediate, in medicine, the manufacture of lacquers, and to make perfume esters. It is also used in foods as a sequestrant, buffer, and a neutralizing agent. (Hawley's Condensed Chemical Dictionary, 12th ed, p1099; McGraw-Hill Dictionary of Scientific and Technical Terms, 4th ed, p1851). succinic acid : An alpha,omega-dicarboxylic acid resulting from the formal oxidation of each of the terminal methyl groups of butane to the corresponding carboxy group. It is an intermediate metabolite in the citric acid cycle.	2.41	1	0	alpha,omega-dicarboxylic acid; C4-dicarboxylic acid	anti-ulcer drug; fundamental metabolite; micronutrient; nutraceutical; radiation protective agent
toluene methylbenzene : Any alkylbenzene that is benzene substituted with one or more methyl groups.	1.95	1	0	methylbenzene; toluenes; volatile organic compound	cholinergic antagonist; fuel additive; neurotoxin; non-polar solvent
uracil 2,4-dihydroxypyrimidine: a urinary biomarker for bipolar disorder	3.06	5	0	pyrimidine nucleobase; pyrimidone	allergen; Daphnia magna metabolite; Escherichia coli metabolite; human metabolite; mouse metabolite; prodrug; Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite
urea pseudourea: clinical use; structure. isourea : A carboximidic acid that is the imidic acid tautomer of urea, H2NC(=NH)OH, and its hydrocarbyl derivatives.	3.03	4	0	isourea; monocarboxylic acid amide; one-carbon compound	Daphnia magna metabolite; Escherichia coli metabolite; fertilizer; flour treatment agent; human metabolite; mouse metabolite; Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite
menthol Menthol: A monoterpene cyclohexanol produced from mint oils.	1.94	1	0	p-menthane monoterpenoid; secondary alcohol	volatile oil component
1,3-dipropyl-8-cyclopentylxanthine DPCPX : An oxopurine that is 7H-xanthine substituted at positions 1 and 3 by propyl groups and at position 8 by a cyclohexyl group.	2.4	2	0	oxopurine	adenosine A1 receptor antagonist; EC 3.1.4.* (phosphoric diester hydrolase) inhibitor
1-anilino-8-naphthalenesulfonate 1-anilino-8-naphthalenesulfonate: RN given refers to parent cpd. 8-anilinonaphthalene-1-sulfonic acid : A naphthalenesulfonic acid that is naphthalene-1-sulfonic acid substituted by a phenylamino group at position 8.	3.17	1	0	aminonaphthalene; naphthalenesulfonic acid	fluorescent probe
2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid 2,4-Dichlorophenoxyacetic Acid: An herbicide with irritant effects on the eye and the gastrointestinal system.. 2,4-D : A chlorophenoxyacetic acid that is phenoxyacetic acid in which the ring hydrogens at postions 2 and 4 are substituted by chlorines.	1.97	1	0	chlorophenoxyacetic acid; dichlorobenzene	agrochemical; defoliant; EC 1.1.1.25 (shikimate dehydrogenase) inhibitor; environmental contaminant; phenoxy herbicide; synthetic auxin
2-amino-1-methyl-6-phenylimidazo(4,5-b)pyridine 2-amino-1-methyl-6-phenylimidazo(4,5-b)pyridine: mutagen from fried ground beef; structure given in first source. PhIP : An imidazopyridine that is 1H--imidazo[4,5-b]pyridine which is substituted at positions 1, 2, and 6 by methyl, amino, and phenyl groups, respectively. It is the most abundant of the mutagenic heterocyclic amines found in cooked meat and fish.	2.6	1	0	imidazopyridine; primary amino compound	carcinogenic agent; mutagen
2-aminoethoxydiphenyl borate 2-aminoethoxydiphenyl borate: is a novel membrane-penetrable modulator and transient receptor potential channel blocker; structure in first source; do not confuse with 2-APB cpd. 2-aminoethoxydiphenylborane : An organoboron compound that is diphenylborane in which the borane hydrogen is replaced by a 2-aminoethoxy group.	2.07	1	0	organoboron compound; primary amino compound	calcium channel blocker; IP3 receptor antagonist; potassium channel opener
3-methylcholanthrene Methylcholanthrene: A carcinogen that is often used in experimental cancer studies.. 3-methylcholanthrene : A pentacyclic ortho- and peri-fused polycyclic arene consisting of a dihydrocyclopenta[ij]tetraphene ring system with a methyl substituent at the 3-position.	2	1	0	ortho- and peri-fused polycyclic arene	aryl hydrocarbon receptor agonist; carcinogenic agent
acetaminophen Acetaminophen: Analgesic antipyretic derivative of acetanilide. It has weak anti-inflammatory properties and is used as a common analgesic, but may cause liver, blood cell, and kidney damage.. paracetamol : A member of the class of phenols that is 4-aminophenol in which one of the hydrogens attached to the amino group has been replaced by an acetyl group.	2.31	1	0	acetamides; phenols	antipyretic; cyclooxygenase 1 inhibitor; cyclooxygenase 2 inhibitor; cyclooxygenase 3 inhibitor; environmental contaminant; ferroptosis inducer; geroprotector; hepatotoxic agent; human blood serum metabolite; non-narcotic analgesic; non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug; xenobiotic
albendazole [no description available]	2.41	1	0	aryl sulfide; benzimidazoles; benzimidazolylcarbamate fungicide; carbamate ester	anthelminthic drug; microtubule-destabilising agent; tubulin modulator
aluminum fluoride [no description available]	1.98	1	0	aluminium coordination entity
theophylline [no description available]	1.97	1	0	dimethylxanthine	adenosine receptor antagonist; anti-asthmatic drug; anti-inflammatory agent; bronchodilator agent; drug metabolite; EC 3.1.4.* (phosphoric diester hydrolase) inhibitor; fungal metabolite; human blood serum metabolite; immunomodulator; muscle relaxant; vasodilator agent
aspirin Aspirin: The prototypical analgesic used in the treatment of mild to moderate pain. It has anti-inflammatory and antipyretic properties and acts as an inhibitor of cyclooxygenase which results in the inhibition of the biosynthesis of prostaglandins. Aspirin also inhibits platelet aggregation and is used in the prevention of arterial and venous thrombosis. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p5). acetylsalicylate : A benzoate that is the conjugate base of acetylsalicylic acid, arising from deprotonation of the carboxy group.. acetylsalicylic acid : A member of the class of benzoic acids that is salicylic acid in which the hydrogen that is attached to the phenolic hydroxy group has been replaced by an acetoxy group. A non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug with cyclooxygenase inhibitor activity.	2	1	0	benzoic acids; phenyl acetates; salicylates	anticoagulant; antipyretic; cyclooxygenase 1 inhibitor; cyclooxygenase 2 inhibitor; drug allergen; EC 1.1.1.188 (prostaglandin-F synthase) inhibitor; geroprotector; non-narcotic analgesic; non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug; plant activator; platelet aggregation inhibitor; prostaglandin antagonist; teratogenic agent
2,4-dihydroxy-7-methoxy-1,4-benzoxazin-3-one 2,4-dihydroxy-7-methoxy-1,4-benzoxazin-3-one: from maize extracts; structure given in first source. DIMBOA : A lactol that is DIBOA in which the hydrogen at position 7 is replaced by a methoxy group. It has been isolated from the maize plants.	2.41	1	0	aromatic ether; benzoxazine; cyclic hydroxamic acid; lactol	allelochemical; plant metabolite
beta-naphthoflavone beta-Naphthoflavone: A polyaromatic hydrocarbon inducer of P4501A1 and P4501A2 cytochromes. (Proc Soc Exp Biol Med 1994 Dec:207(3):302-308). beta-naphthoflavone : An extended flavonoid resulting from the formal fusion of a benzene ring with the f side of flavone.	1.99	1	0	extended flavonoid; naphtho-gamma-pyrone; organic heterotricyclic compound	aryl hydrocarbon receptor agonist
bisindolylmaleimide i bisindolylmaleimide I: a bis(indolyl)maleimide	2.43	2	0
caffeine [no description available]	2	1	0	purine alkaloid; trimethylxanthine	adenosine A2A receptor antagonist; adenosine receptor antagonist; adjuvant; central nervous system stimulant; diuretic; EC 2.7.11.1 (non-specific serine/threonine protein kinase) inhibitor; EC 3.1.4.* (phosphoric diester hydrolase) inhibitor; environmental contaminant; food additive; fungal metabolite; geroprotector; human blood serum metabolite; mouse metabolite; mutagen; plant metabolite; psychotropic drug; ryanodine receptor agonist; xenobiotic
cefuroxime Cefuroxime: Broad-spectrum cephalosporin antibiotic resistant to beta-lactamase. It has been proposed for infections with gram-negative and gram-positive organisms, GONORRHEA, and HAEMOPHILUS.. cefuroxime : A 3-(carbamoyloxymethyl)cephalosporin compound having a 7-(2Z)-2-(furan-2-yl)-2-(methoxyimino)acetamido side chain.	2.6	1	0	carbamate ester; cephalosporin
chelerythrine chelerythrine : A benzophenanthridine alkaloid isolated from the root of Zanthoxylum simulans, Chelidonium majus L., and other Papaveraceae.	2.03	1	0	benzophenanthridine alkaloid; organic cation	antibacterial agent; antineoplastic agent; EC 2.7.11.13 (protein kinase C) inhibitor
chlorpyrifos Chlorpyrifos: An organothiophosphate cholinesterase inhibitor that is used as an insecticide and as an acaricide.. chlorpyrifos : An organic thiophosphate that is O,O-diethyl hydrogen phosphorothioate in which the hydrogen of the hydroxy group has been replaced by a 3,5,6-trichloropyridin-2-yl group.	2.6	1	0	chloropyridine; organic thiophosphate	acaricide; agrochemical; EC 3.1.1.7 (acetylcholinesterase) inhibitor; EC 3.1.1.8 (cholinesterase) inhibitor; environmental contaminant; insecticide; xenobiotic
clofibric acid Clofibric Acid: An antilipemic agent that is the biologically active metabolite of CLOFIBRATE.. clofibric acid : A monocarboxylic acid that is isobutyric acid substituted at position 2 by a p-chlorophenoxy group. It is a metabolite of the drug clofibrate.	2	1	0	aromatic ether; monocarboxylic acid; monochlorobenzenes	anticholesteremic drug; antilipemic drug; antineoplastic agent; herbicide; marine xenobiotic metabolite; PPARalpha agonist
clotrimazole [no description available]	2.44	2	0	conazole antifungal drug; imidazole antifungal drug; imidazoles; monochlorobenzenes	antiinfective agent; environmental contaminant; xenobiotic
diazoxide Diazoxide: A benzothiadiazine derivative that is a peripheral vasodilator used for hypertensive emergencies. It lacks diuretic effect, apparently because it lacks a sulfonamide group.. diazoxide : A benzothiadiazine that is the S,S-dioxide of 2H-1,2,4-benzothiadiazine which is substituted at position 3 by a methyl group and at position 7 by chlorine. A peripheral vasodilator, it increases the concentration of glucose in the plasma and inhibits the secretion of insulin by the beta- cells of the pancreas. It is used orally in the management of intractable hypoglycaemia and intravenously in the management of hypertensive emergencies.	2.4	2	0	benzothiadiazine; organochlorine compound; sulfone	antihypertensive agent; beta-adrenergic agonist; bronchodilator agent; cardiotonic drug; diuretic; K-ATP channel agonist; sodium channel blocker; sympathomimetic agent; vasodilator agent
diclofenac Diclofenac: A non-steroidal anti-inflammatory agent (NSAID) with antipyretic and analgesic actions. It is primarily available as the sodium salt.. diclofenac : A monocarboxylic acid consisting of phenylacetic acid having a (2,6-dichlorophenyl)amino group at the 2-position.	2.41	1	0	amino acid; aromatic amine; dichlorobenzene; monocarboxylic acid; secondary amino compound	antipyretic; drug allergen; EC 1.14.99.1 (prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase) inhibitor; environmental contaminant; non-narcotic analgesic; non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug; xenobiotic
diethyl pyrocarbonate Diethyl Pyrocarbonate: Preservative for wines, soft drinks, and fruit juices and a gentle esterifying agent.. diethyl pyrocarbonate : The diethyl ester of dicarbonic acid.	1.99	1	0	acyclic carboxylic anhydride
valproic acid Valproic Acid: A fatty acid with anticonvulsant and anti-manic properties that is used in the treatment of EPILEPSY and BIPOLAR DISORDER. The mechanisms of its therapeutic actions are not well understood. It may act by increasing GAMMA-AMINOBUTYRIC ACID levels in the brain or by altering the properties of VOLTAGE-GATED SODIUM CHANNELS.. valproic acid : A branched-chain saturated fatty acid that comprises of a propyl substituent on a pentanoic acid stem.	10.07	2	1	branched-chain fatty acid; branched-chain saturated fatty acid	anticonvulsant; antimanic drug; EC 3.5.1.98 (histone deacetylase) inhibitor; GABA agent; neuroprotective agent; psychotropic drug; teratogenic agent
ebselen ebselen : A benzoselenazole that is 1,2-benzoselenazol-3-one carrying an additional phenyl substituent at position 2. Acts as a mimic of glutathione peroxidase.	2.6	1	0	benzoselenazole	anti-inflammatory drug; antibacterial agent; anticoronaviral agent; antifungal agent; antineoplastic agent; antioxidant; apoptosis inducer; EC 1.13.11.33 (arachidonate 15-lipoxygenase) inhibitor; EC 1.13.11.34 (arachidonate 5-lipoxygenase) inhibitor; EC 1.3.1.8 [acyl-CoA dehydrogenase (NADP(+))] inhibitor; EC 1.8.1.12 (trypanothione-disulfide reductase) inhibitor; EC 2.5.1.7 (UDP-N-acetylglucosamine 1-carboxyvinyltransferase) inhibitor; EC 2.7.10.1 (receptor protein-tyrosine kinase) inhibitor; EC 3.1.3.25 (inositol-phosphate phosphatase) inhibitor; EC 3.4.22.69 (SARS coronavirus main proteinase) inhibitor; EC 3.5.4.1 (cytosine deaminase) inhibitor; EC 5.1.3.2 (UDP-glucose 4-epimerase) inhibitor; enzyme mimic; ferroptosis inhibitor; genotoxin; hepatoprotective agent; neuroprotective agent; radical scavenger
carbonyl cyanide p-trifluoromethoxyphenylhydrazone Carbonyl Cyanide p-Trifluoromethoxyphenylhydrazone: A proton ionophore that is commonly used as an uncoupling agent in biochemical studies.. carbonyl cyanide p-trifluoromethoxyphenylhydrazone : A hydrazone that is hydrazonomalononitrile in which one of the hydrazine hydrogens is substituted by a p-trifluoromethoxyphenyl group.	2	1	0	aromatic ether; hydrazone; nitrile; organofluorine compound	ATP synthase inhibitor; geroprotector; ionophore
flufenamic acid Flufenamic Acid: An anthranilic acid derivative with analgesic, anti-inflammatory, and antipyretic properties. It is used in musculoskeletal and joint disorders and administered by mouth and topically. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p16). flufenamic acid : An aromatic amino acid consisting of anthranilic acid carrying an N-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl substituent. An analgesic and anti-inflammatory, it is used in rheumatic disorders.	2	1	0	aromatic amino acid; organofluorine compound	antipyretic; EC 1.14.99.1 (prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase) inhibitor; non-narcotic analgesic; non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug
fluoxetine Fluoxetine: The first highly specific serotonin uptake inhibitor. It is used as an antidepressant and often has a more acceptable side-effects profile than traditional antidepressants.. fluoxetine : A racemate comprising equimolar amounts of (R)- and (S)-fluoxetine. A selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor (SSRI), it is used (generally as the hydrochloride salt) for the treatment of depression (and the depressive phase of bipolar disorder), bullimia nervosa, and obsessive-compulsive disorder.. N-methyl-3-phenyl-3-[4-(trifluoromethyl)phenoxy]propan-1-amine : An aromatic ether consisting of 4-trifluoromethylphenol in which the hydrogen of the phenolic hydroxy group is replaced by a 3-(methylamino)-1-phenylpropyl group.	2.05	1	0	(trifluoromethyl)benzenes; aromatic ether; secondary amino compound
furosemide Furosemide: A benzoic-sulfonamide-furan. It is a diuretic with fast onset and short duration that is used for EDEMA and chronic RENAL INSUFFICIENCY.. furosemide : A chlorobenzoic acid that is 4-chlorobenzoic acid substituted by a (furan-2-ylmethyl)amino and a sulfamoyl group at position 2 and 5 respectively. It is a diuretic used in the treatment of congestive heart failure.	2.31	1	0	chlorobenzoic acid; furans; sulfonamide	environmental contaminant; loop diuretic; xenobiotic
glyburide Glyburide: An antidiabetic sulfonylurea derivative with actions like those of chlorpropamide. glyburide : An N-sulfonylurea that is acetohexamide in which the acetyl group is replaced by a 2-(5-chloro-2-methoxybenzamido)ethyl group.	3.78	11	0	monochlorobenzenes; N-sulfonylurea	anti-arrhythmia drug; EC 2.7.1.33 (pantothenate kinase) inhibitor; EC 3.6.3.49 (channel-conductance-controlling ATPase) inhibitor; hypoglycemic agent
gossypol Gossypol: A dimeric sesquiterpene found in cottonseed (GOSSYPIUM). The (-) isomer is active as a male contraceptive (CONTRACEPTIVE AGENTS, MALE) whereas toxic symptoms are associated with the (+) isomer.	2.13	1	0
1-(5-isoquinolinesulfonyl)-2-methylpiperazine 1-(5-Isoquinolinesulfonyl)-2-Methylpiperazine: A specific protein kinase C inhibitor, which inhibits superoxide release from human neutrophils (PMN) stimulated with phorbol myristate acetate or synthetic diacylglycerol.. 1-(5-isoquinolinesulfonyl)-2-methylpiperazine : A member of the class of N-sulfonylpiperazines that is 2-methylpiperazine substituted at position 1 by a 5-isoquinolinesulfonyl group.	2.02	1	0	isoquinolines; N-sulfonylpiperazine	EC 2.7.11.13 (protein kinase C) inhibitor
haloperidol Haloperidol: A phenyl-piperidinyl-butyrophenone that is used primarily to treat SCHIZOPHRENIA and other PSYCHOSES. It is also used in schizoaffective disorder, DELUSIONAL DISORDERS, ballism, and TOURETTE SYNDROME (a drug of choice) and occasionally as adjunctive therapy in INTELLECTUAL DISABILITY and the chorea of HUNTINGTON DISEASE. It is a potent antiemetic and is used in the treatment of intractable HICCUPS. (From AMA Drug Evaluations Annual, 1994, p279). haloperidol : A compound composed of a central piperidine structure with hydroxy and p-chlorophenyl substituents at position 4 and an N-linked p-fluorobutyrophenone moiety.	2.02	1	0	aromatic ketone; hydroxypiperidine; monochlorobenzenes; organofluorine compound; tertiary alcohol	antidyskinesia agent; antiemetic; dopaminergic antagonist; first generation antipsychotic; serotonergic antagonist
imipramine Imipramine: The prototypical tricyclic antidepressant. It has been used in major depression, dysthymia, bipolar depression, attention-deficit disorders, agoraphobia, and panic disorders. It has less sedative effect than some other members of this therapeutic group.. imipramine : A dibenzoazepine that is 5H-dibenzo[b,f]azepine substituted by a 3-(dimethylamino)propyl group at the nitrogen atom.	2.04	1	0	dibenzoazepine	adrenergic uptake inhibitor; antidepressant; EC 3.4.21.26 (prolyl oligopeptidase) inhibitor
indomethacin Indomethacin: A non-steroidal anti-inflammatory agent (NSAID) that inhibits CYCLOOXYGENASE, which is necessary for the formation of PROSTAGLANDINS and other AUTACOIDS. It also inhibits the motility of POLYMORPHONUCLEAR LEUKOCYTES.. indometacin : A member of the class of indole-3-acetic acids that is indole-3-acetic acid in which the indole ring is substituted at positions 1, 2 and 5 by p-chlorobenzoyl, methyl, and methoxy groups, respectively. A non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug, it is used in the treatment of musculoskeletal and joint disorders including osteoarthritis, rheumatoid arthritis, gout, bursitis and tendinitis.	2.4	2	0	aromatic ether; indole-3-acetic acids; monochlorobenzenes; N-acylindole	analgesic; drug metabolite; EC 1.14.99.1 (prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase) inhibitor; environmental contaminant; gout suppressant; non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug; xenobiotic metabolite; xenobiotic
1-methyl-3-isobutylxanthine 1-Methyl-3-isobutylxanthine: A potent cyclic nucleotide phosphodiesterase inhibitor; due to this action, the compound increases cyclic AMP and cyclic GMP in tissue and thereby activates CYCLIC NUCLEOTIDE-REGULATED PROTEIN KINASES. 3-isobutyl-1-methylxanthine : An oxopurine that is xanthine which is substituted at positions 1 and 3 by methyl and isobutyl groups, respectively.	2.7	3	0	3-isobutyl-1-methylxanthine
isoproterenol Isoproterenol: Isopropyl analog of EPINEPHRINE; beta-sympathomimetic that acts on the heart, bronchi, skeletal muscle, alimentary tract, etc. It is used mainly as bronchodilator and heart stimulant.. isoprenaline : A secondary amino compound that is noradrenaline in which one of the hydrogens attached to the nitrogen is replaced by an isopropyl group. A sympathomimetic acting almost exclusively on beta-adrenergic receptors, it is used (mainly as the hydrochloride salt) as a bronghodilator and heart stimulant for the management of a variety of cardiac disorders.	2.68	3	0	catechols; secondary alcohol; secondary amino compound	beta-adrenergic agonist; bronchodilator agent; cardiotonic drug; sympathomimetic agent
mebendazole Mebendazole: A benzimidazole that acts by interfering with CARBOHYDRATE METABOLISM and inhibiting polymerization of MICROTUBULES.. mebendazole : A carbamate ester that is methyl 1H-benzimidazol-2-ylcarbamate substituted by a benzoyl group at position 5.	2.41	1	0	aromatic ketone; benzimidazoles; carbamate ester	antinematodal drug; microtubule-destabilising agent; tubulin modulator
mexiletine Mexiletine: Antiarrhythmic agent pharmacologically similar to LIDOCAINE. It may have some anticonvulsant properties.. mexiletine : An aromatic ether which is 2,6-dimethylphenyl ether of 2-aminopropan-1-ol.	2.39	2	0	aromatic ether; primary amino compound	anti-arrhythmia drug
ethylmaleimide Ethylmaleimide: A sulfhydryl reagent that is widely used in experimental biochemical studies.	2.36	2	0	maleimides	anticoronaviral agent; EC 1.3.1.8 [acyl-CoA dehydrogenase (NADP(+))] inhibitor; EC 2.1.1.122 [(S)-tetrahydroprotoberberine N-methyltransferase] inhibitor; EC 2.7.1.1 (hexokinase) inhibitor
naftopidil [no description available]	2.41	1	0	piperazines
o(6)-benzylguanine O(6)-benzylguanine: a suicide inhibitor of O(6)-methylguanine-DNA methyltransferase activity	1.99	1	0
oxotremorine Oxotremorine: A non-hydrolyzed muscarinic agonist used as a research tool.	2	1	0	N-alkylpyrrolidine
aminosalicylic acid Aminosalicylic Acid: An antitubercular agent often administered in association with ISONIAZID. The sodium salt of the drug is better tolerated than the free acid.. 4-aminosalicylic acid : An aminobenzoic acid that is salicylic acid substituted by an amino group at position 4.	1.94	1	0	aminobenzoic acid; phenols	antitubercular agent
pd 98059 2-(2-amino-3-methoxyphenyl)-4H-1-benzopyran-4-one: inhibits MAP kinase kinase (MEK) activity, p42 MAPK and p44 MAPK; structure in first source. 2-(2-amino-3-methoxyphenyl)chromen-4-one : A member of the class of monomethoxyflavones that is 3'-methoxyflavone bearing an additional amino substituent at position 2'.	3.12	5	0	aromatic amine; monomethoxyflavone	EC 2.7.11.24 (mitogen-activated protein kinase) inhibitor; geroprotector
phenobarbital Phenobarbital: A barbituric acid derivative that acts as a nonselective central nervous system depressant. It potentiates GAMMA-AMINOBUTYRIC ACID action on GABA-A RECEPTORS, and modulates chloride currents through receptor channels. It also inhibits glutamate induced depolarizations.. phenobarbital : A member of the class of barbiturates, the structure of which is that of barbituric acid substituted at C-5 by ethyl and phenyl groups.	2.89	4	0	barbiturates	anticonvulsant; drug allergen; excitatory amino acid antagonist; sedative
phloretin [no description available]	2.41	1	0	dihydrochalcones	antineoplastic agent; plant metabolite
pinacidil Pinacidil: A guanidine that opens POTASSIUM CHANNELS producing direct peripheral vasodilatation of the ARTERIOLES. It reduces BLOOD PRESSURE and peripheral resistance and produces fluid retention. (Martindale The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 31st ed)	3.09	5	0	pyridines
potassium chloride Potassium Chloride: A white crystal or crystalline powder used in BUFFERS; FERTILIZERS; and EXPLOSIVES. It can be used to replenish ELECTROLYTES and restore WATER-ELECTROLYTE BALANCE in treating HYPOKALEMIA.. potassium chloride : A metal chloride salt with a K(+) counterion.	2.01	1	0	inorganic chloride; inorganic potassium salt; potassium salt	fertilizer
pyridoxal phosphate-6-azophenyl-2',4'-disulfonic acid pyridoxal phosphate-6-azophenyl-2',4'-disulfonic acid: a novel antagonist that selectively blocks P2 purinoceptor receptors; a useful tool to study co-transmission in tissues when ATP and coexisting neurotransmitters act in concert. 5'-phosphopyridoxal-6-azobenzene-2,4-disulfonic acid : An arenesulfonic acid that is pyridoxal 5'-phosphate carrying an additional 2,4-disulfophenylazo substituent at position 6.	5.19	15	0	arenesulfonic acid; azobenzenes; methylpyridines; monohydroxypyridine; organic phosphate; pyridinecarbaldehyde	purinergic receptor P2X antagonist
ono 1078 pranlukast: SRS-A antagonist; leukotriene D4 receptor antagonist	2.48	2	0	chromones
propidium Propidium: Quaternary ammonium analog of ethidium; an intercalating dye with a specific affinity to certain forms of DNA and, used as diiodide, to separate them in density gradients; also forms fluorescent complexes with cholinesterase which it inhibits.	1.99	1	0	phenanthridines; quaternary ammonium ion	fluorochrome; intercalator
propofol Propofol: An intravenous anesthetic agent which has the advantage of a very rapid onset after infusion or bolus injection plus a very short recovery period of a couple of minutes. (From Smith and Reynard, Textbook of Pharmacology, 1992, 1st ed, p206). Propofol has been used as ANTICONVULSANTS and ANTIEMETICS.. propofol : A phenol resulting from the formal substitution of the hydrogen at the 2 position of 1,3-diisopropylbenzene by a hydroxy group.	2.04	1	0	phenols	anticonvulsant; antiemetic; intravenous anaesthetic; radical scavenger; sedative
ro 31-8220 Ro 31-8220: a protein kinase C inhibitor	2.02	1	0	imidothiocarbamic ester; indoles; maleimides	EC 2.7.11.13 (protein kinase C) inhibitor
sulfinpyrazone Sulfinpyrazone: A uricosuric drug that is used to reduce the serum urate levels in gout therapy. It lacks anti-inflammatory, analgesic, and diuretic properties.	2.41	1	0	pyrazolidines; sulfoxide	uricosuric drug
suramin Suramin: A polyanionic compound with an unknown mechanism of action. It is used parenterally in the treatment of African trypanosomiasis and it has been used clinically with diethylcarbamazine to kill the adult Onchocerca. (From AMA Drug Evaluations Annual, 1992, p1643) It has also been shown to have potent antineoplastic properties.. suramin : A member of the class of phenylureas that is urea in which each of the amino groups has been substituted by a 3-({2-methyl-5-[(4,6,8-trisulfo-1-naphthyl)carbamoyl]phenyl}carbamoyl)phenyl group. An activator of both the rabbit skeletal muscle RyR1 and sheep cardiac RyR2 isoform ryanodine receptor channels, it has been used for the treatment of human African trypanosomiasis for over 100 years.	5.75	27	0	naphthalenesulfonic acid; phenylureas; secondary carboxamide	angiogenesis inhibitor; antinematodal drug; antineoplastic agent; apoptosis inhibitor; EC 2.7.11.13 (protein kinase C) inhibitor; GABA antagonist; GABA-gated chloride channel antagonist; purinergic receptor P2 antagonist; ryanodine receptor agonist; trypanocidal drug
tetraethylammonium Tetraethylammonium: A potassium-selective ion channel blocker. (From J Gen Phys 1994;104(1):173-90)	2.08	1	0	quaternary ammonium ion
ici 204,219 zafirlukast: a leukotriene D4 receptor antagonist	2.05	1	0	carbamate ester; indoles; N-sulfonylcarboxamide	anti-asthmatic agent; leukotriene antagonist
zinc chloride zinc chloride: RN given refers to parent cpd. zinc dichloride : A compound of zinc and chloride ions in the ratio 1:2. It exists in four crystalline forms, in each of which the Zn(2+) ions are trigonal planar coordinated to four chloride ions.	1.98	1	0	inorganic chloride; zinc molecular entity	astringent; disinfectant; EC 5.3.3.5 (cholestenol Delta-isomerase) inhibitor; Lewis acid
sorbitol D-glucitol : The D-enantiomer of glucitol (also known as D-sorbitol).	1.95	1	0	glucitol	cathartic; Escherichia coli metabolite; food humectant; human metabolite; laxative; metabolite; mouse metabolite; Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite; sweetening agent
thymidine [no description available]	3.38	7	0	pyrimidine 2'-deoxyribonucleoside	Escherichia coli metabolite; human metabolite; metabolite; mouse metabolite
benzimidazole 1H-benzimidazole : The 1H-tautomer of benzimidazole.	2.17	1	0	benzimidazole; polycyclic heteroarene
2-aminophenol [no description available]	2.34	2	0	aminophenol	bacterial metabolite
hydroxyproline Hydroxyproline: A hydroxylated form of the imino acid proline. A deficiency in ASCORBIC ACID can result in impaired hydroxyproline formation.. hydroxyproline : A proline derivative that is proline substituted by at least one hydroxy group.	2.37	2	0	4-hydroxyproline; L-alpha-amino acid zwitterion	human metabolite; mouse metabolite; plant metabolite
thyroxine Thyroxine: The major hormone derived from the thyroid gland. Thyroxine is synthesized via the iodination of tyrosines (MONOIODOTYROSINE) and the coupling of iodotyrosines (DIIODOTYROSINE) in the THYROGLOBULIN. Thyroxine is released from thyroglobulin by proteolysis and secreted into the blood. Thyroxine is peripherally deiodinated to form TRIIODOTHYRONINE which exerts a broad spectrum of stimulatory effects on cell metabolism.. thyroxine : An iodothyronine compound having iodo substituents at the 3-, 3'-, 5- and 5'-positions.	7.46	2	0	2-halophenol; iodophenol; L-phenylalanine derivative; non-proteinogenic L-alpha-amino acid; thyroxine zwitterion; thyroxine	antithyroid drug; human metabolite; mouse metabolite; thyroid hormone
n-hydroxy-2-aminofluorene N-hydroxy-2-aminofluorene: structure	1.97	1	0
triiodothyronine Triiodothyronine: A T3 thyroid hormone normally synthesized and secreted by the thyroid gland in much smaller quantities than thyroxine (T4). Most T3 is derived from peripheral monodeiodination of T4 at the 5' position of the outer ring of the iodothyronine nucleus. The hormone finally delivered and used by the tissues is mainly T3.. 3,3',5-triiodo-L-thyronine : An iodothyronine compound having iodo substituents at the 3-, 3'- and 5-positions. Although some is produced in the thyroid, most of the 3,3',5-triiodo-L-thyronine in the body is generated by mono-deiodination of L-thyroxine in the peripheral tissues. Its metabolic activity is about 3 to 5 times that of L-thyroxine. The sodium salt is used in the treatment of hypothyroidism.	1.97	1	0	2-halophenol; amino acid zwitterion; iodophenol; iodothyronine	human metabolite; mouse metabolite; thyroid hormone
isoflurophate Isoflurophate: A di-isopropyl-fluorophosphate which is an irreversible cholinesterase inhibitor used to investigate the NERVOUS SYSTEM.	2.01	1	0	dialkyl phosphate
carbon tetrachloride Carbon Tetrachloride: A solvent for oils, fats, lacquers, varnishes, rubber waxes, and resins, and a starting material in the manufacturing of organic compounds. Poisoning by inhalation, ingestion or skin absorption is possible and may be fatal. (Merck Index, 11th ed). tetrachloromethane : A chlorocarbon that is methane in which all the hydrogens have been replaced by chloro groups.	1.96	1	0	chlorocarbon; chloromethanes	hepatotoxic agent; refrigerant
alanine Alanine: A non-essential amino acid that occurs in high levels in its free state in plasma. It is produced from pyruvate by transamination. It is involved in sugar and acid metabolism, increases IMMUNITY, and provides energy for muscle tissue, BRAIN, and the CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM.. alanine : An alpha-amino acid that consists of propionic acid bearing an amino substituent at position 2.	3.38	7	0	alanine zwitterion; alanine; L-alpha-amino acid; proteinogenic amino acid; pyruvate family amino acid	EC 4.3.1.15 (diaminopropionate ammonia-lyase) inhibitor; fundamental metabolite
serine Serine: A non-essential amino acid occurring in natural form as the L-isomer. It is synthesized from GLYCINE or THREONINE. It is involved in the biosynthesis of PURINES; PYRIMIDINES; and other amino acids.. serine : An alpha-amino acid that is alanine substituted at position 3 by a hydroxy group.	4.51	7	0	L-alpha-amino acid; proteinogenic amino acid; serine family amino acid; serine zwitterion; serine	algal metabolite; Escherichia coli metabolite; human metabolite; mouse metabolite; Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite
chloramphenicol Amphenicol: Chloramphenicol and its derivatives.	1.96	1	0	C-nitro compound; carboxamide; diol; organochlorine compound	antibacterial drug; antimicrobial agent; Escherichia coli metabolite; geroprotector; Mycoplasma genitalium metabolite; protein synthesis inhibitor
aspartic acid Aspartic Acid: One of the non-essential amino acids commonly occurring in the L-form. It is found in animals and plants, especially in sugar cane and sugar beets. It may be a neurotransmitter.. aspartic acid : An alpha-amino acid that consists of succinic acid bearing a single alpha-amino substituent. L-aspartic acid : The L-enantiomer of aspartic acid.	4.07	4	0	aspartate family amino acid; aspartic acid; L-alpha-amino acid; proteinogenic amino acid	Escherichia coli metabolite; mouse metabolite; neurotransmitter
glutamine Glutamine: A non-essential amino acid present abundantly throughout the body and is involved in many metabolic processes. It is synthesized from GLUTAMIC ACID and AMMONIA. It is the principal carrier of NITROGEN in the body and is an important energy source for many cells.. L-glutamine : An optically active form of glutamine having L-configuration.. glutamine : An alpha-amino acid that consists of butyric acid bearing an amino substituent at position 2 and a carbamoyl substituent at position 4.	3.84	3	0	amino acid zwitterion; glutamine family amino acid; glutamine; L-alpha-amino acid; polar amino acid zwitterion; proteinogenic amino acid	EC 1.14.13.39 (nitric oxide synthase) inhibitor; Escherichia coli metabolite; human metabolite; metabolite; micronutrient; mouse metabolite; nutraceutical; Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite
lysine Lysine: An essential amino acid. It is often added to animal feed.. lysine : A diamino acid that is caproic (hexanoic) acid bearing two amino substituents at positions 2 and 6.. L-lysine : An L-alpha-amino acid; the L-isomer of lysine.	2.91	4	0	aspartate family amino acid; L-alpha-amino acid zwitterion; L-alpha-amino acid; lysine; organic molecular entity; proteinogenic amino acid	algal metabolite; anticonvulsant; Escherichia coli metabolite; human metabolite; micronutrient; mouse metabolite; nutraceutical; plant metabolite; Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite
sucrose Saccharum: A plant genus of the family POACEAE widely cultivated in the tropics for the sweet cane that is processed into sugar.	3.99	13	0	glycosyl glycoside	algal metabolite; Escherichia coli metabolite; human metabolite; mouse metabolite; osmolyte; Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite; sweetening agent
adenosine diphosphate Adenosine Diphosphate: Adenosine 5'-(trihydrogen diphosphate). An adenine nucleotide containing two phosphate groups esterified to the sugar moiety at the 5'-position.	7.85	98	0	adenosine 5'-phosphate; purine ribonucleoside 5'-diphosphate	fundamental metabolite; human metabolite
uridine [no description available]	5.44	64	0	uridines	drug metabolite; fundamental metabolite; human metabolite
uridine monophosphate Uridine Monophosphate: 5'-Uridylic acid. A uracil nucleotide containing one phosphate group esterified to the sugar moiety in the 2', 3' or 5' position.. uridine 5'-monophosphate : A pyrimidine ribonucleoside 5'-monophosphate having uracil as the nucleobase.	6.03	37	0	pyrimidine ribonucleoside 5'-monophosphate; uridine 5'-phosphate	Escherichia coli metabolite; human metabolite; mouse metabolite
kanamycin a Kanamycin: Antibiotic complex produced by Streptomyces kanamyceticus from Japanese soil. Comprises 3 components: kanamycin A, the major component, and kanamycins B and C, the minor components.. kanamycin : Kanamycin is a naturally occurring antibiotic complex from Streptomyces kanamyceticus that consists of several components: kanamycin A, the major component (also usually designated as kanamycin), and kanamycins B, C, D and X the minor components.	2.01	1	0	kanamycins	bacterial metabolite
galactose galactopyranose : The pyranose form of galactose.	7.27	74	0	D-galactose; galactopyranose	Escherichia coli metabolite; mouse metabolite
edetic acid Edetic Acid: A chelating agent that sequesters a variety of polyvalent cations such as CALCIUM. It is used in pharmaceutical manufacturing and as a food additive.	3.07	5	0	ethylenediamine derivative; polyamino carboxylic acid; tetracarboxylic acid	anticoagulant; antidote; chelator; copper chelator; geroprotector
phenylethyl alcohol Phenylethyl Alcohol: An antimicrobial, antiseptic, and disinfectant that is used also as an aromatic essence and preservative in pharmaceutics and perfumery.. 2-phenylethanol : A primary alcohol that is ethanol substituted by a phenyl group at position 2.	2.21	1	0	benzenes; primary alcohol	Aspergillus metabolite; fragrance; plant growth retardant; plant metabolite; Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite
tyrosine Tyrosine: A non-essential amino acid. In animals it is synthesized from PHENYLALANINE. It is also the precursor of EPINEPHRINE; THYROID HORMONES; and melanin.. tyrosine : An alpha-amino acid that is phenylalanine bearing a hydroxy substituent at position 4 on the phenyl ring.	2.95	4	0	amino acid zwitterion; erythrose 4-phosphate/phosphoenolpyruvate family amino acid; L-alpha-amino acid; proteinogenic amino acid; tyrosine	EC 1.3.1.43 (arogenate dehydrogenase) inhibitor; fundamental metabolite; micronutrient; nutraceutical
adenosine monophosphate Adenosine Monophosphate: Adenine nucleotide containing one phosphate group esterified to the sugar moiety in the 2'-, 3'-, or 5'-position.	3.6	9	0	adenosine 5'-phosphate; purine ribonucleoside 5'-monophosphate	adenosine A1 receptor agonist; cofactor; EC 3.1.3.1 (alkaline phosphatase) inhibitor; EC 3.1.3.11 (fructose-bisphosphatase) inhibitor; fundamental metabolite; micronutrient; nutraceutical
leucine Leucine: An essential branched-chain amino acid important for hemoglobin formation.. leucine : A branched-chain amino acid that consists of glycine in which one of the hydrogens attached to the alpha-carbon is substituted by an isobutyl group.	2.42	2	0	amino acid zwitterion; L-alpha-amino acid; leucine; proteinogenic amino acid; pyruvate family amino acid	algal metabolite; Escherichia coli metabolite; human metabolite; mouse metabolite; plant metabolite; Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite
carbaryl Carbaryl: A carbamate insecticide and parasiticide. It is a potent anticholinesterase agent belonging to the carbamate group of reversible cholinesterase inhibitors. It has a particularly low toxicity from dermal absorption and is used for control of head lice in some countries.. carbaryl : A carbamate ester obtained by the formal condensation of 1-naphthol with methylcarbamic acid.	2.6	1	0	carbamate ester; naphthalenes	acaricide; agrochemical; carbamate insecticide; EC 3.1.1.7 (acetylcholinesterase) inhibitor; EC 3.1.1.8 (cholinesterase) inhibitor; plant growth retardant
cytidine monophosphate Cytidine Monophosphate: Cytidine (dihydrogen phosphate). A cytosine nucleotide containing one phosphate group esterified to the sugar moiety in the 2', 3' or 5' position.. cytidine 5'-monophosphate : A pyrimidine ribonucleoside 5'-monophosphate having cytosine as the nucleobase.	3.25	6	0	cytidine 5'-phosphate; pyrimidine ribonucleoside 5'-monophosphate	Escherichia coli metabolite; human metabolite; mouse metabolite
cytidine diphosphate Cytidine Diphosphate: Cytidine 5'-(trihydrogen diphosphate). A cytosine nucleotide containing two phosphate groups esterified to the sugar moiety. Synonyms: CRPP; cytidine pyrophosphate.	5.47	21	0	cytidine 5'-phosphate; pyrimidine ribonucleoside 5'-diphosphate	Escherichia coli metabolite; mouse metabolite
uridine triphosphate Uridine Triphosphate: Uridine 5'-(tetrahydrogen triphosphate). A uracil nucleotide containing three phosphate groups esterified to the sugar moiety.	14.45	150	0	pyrimidine ribonucleoside 5'-triphosphate; uridine 5'-phosphate	Escherichia coli metabolite; mouse metabolite
lactose Lactose: A disaccharide of GLUCOSE and GALACTOSE in human and cow milk. It is used in pharmacy for tablets, in medicine as a nutrient, and in industry.. lactose : A glycosylglucose disaccharide, found most notably in milk, that consists of D-galactose and D-glucose fragments bonded through a beta-1->4 glycosidic linkage. The glucose fragment can be in either the alpha- or beta-pyranose form, whereas the galactose fragment can only have the beta-pyranose form.. beta-lactose : The beta-anomer of lactose.	7.67	3	0	lactose
methionine Methionine: A sulfur-containing essential L-amino acid that is important in many body functions.. methionine : A sulfur-containing amino acid that is butyric acid bearing an amino substituent at position 2 and a methylthio substituent at position 4.	2.41	1	0	aspartate family amino acid; L-alpha-amino acid; methionine zwitterion; methionine; proteinogenic amino acid	antidote to paracetamol poisoning; human metabolite; micronutrient; mouse metabolite; nutraceutical
phenylalanine Phenylalanine: An essential aromatic amino acid that is a precursor of MELANIN; DOPAMINE; noradrenalin (NOREPINEPHRINE), and THYROXINE.. L-phenylalanine : The L-enantiomer of phenylalanine.. phenylalanine : An aromatic amino acid that is alanine in which one of the methyl hydrogens is substituted by a phenyl group.	2.41	1	0	amino acid zwitterion; erythrose 4-phosphate/phosphoenolpyruvate family amino acid; L-alpha-amino acid; phenylalanine; proteinogenic amino acid	algal metabolite; EC 3.1.3.1 (alkaline phosphatase) inhibitor; Escherichia coli metabolite; human xenobiotic metabolite; micronutrient; mouse metabolite; nutraceutical; plant metabolite; Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite
desoxycorticosterone Desoxycorticosterone: A steroid metabolite that is the 11-deoxy derivative of CORTICOSTERONE and the 21-hydroxy derivative of PROGESTERONE	2.07	1	0	20-oxo steroid; 21-hydroxy steroid; 3-oxo-Delta(4) steroid; mineralocorticoid; primary alpha-hydroxy ketone	human metabolite; mouse metabolite
cytidine [no description available]	2.9	4	0	cytidines	Escherichia coli metabolite; human metabolite; mouse metabolite; Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite
cytidine triphosphate Cytidine Triphosphate: Cytidine 5'-(tetrahydrogen triphosphate). A cytosine nucleotide containing three phosphate groups esterified to the sugar moiety.	3.24	6	0	cytidine 5'-phosphate; pyrimidine ribonucleoside 5'-triphosphate	Escherichia coli metabolite; mouse metabolite
oxacillin Oxacillin: An antibiotic similar to FLUCLOXACILLIN used in resistant staphylococci infections.. oxacillin : A penicillin antibiotic carrying a 5-methyl-3-phenylisoxazole-4-carboxamide group at position 6beta.	2.02	1	0	penicillin	antibacterial agent; antibacterial drug
egtazic acid Egtazic Acid: A chelating agent relatively more specific for calcium and less toxic than EDETIC ACID.. ethylene glycol bis(2-aminoethyl)tetraacetic acid : A diether that is ethylene glycol in which the hydrogens of the hydroxy groups have been replaced by 2-[bis(carboxymethyl)amino]ethyl group respectively.	2.9	4	0	diether; tertiary amino compound; tetracarboxylic acid	chelator
mannitol [no description available]	1.95	1	0	mannitol	allergen; antiglaucoma drug; compatible osmolytes; Escherichia coli metabolite; food anticaking agent; food bulking agent; food humectant; food stabiliser; food thickening agent; hapten; metabolite; osmotic diuretic; sweetening agent
cytarabine [no description available]	3.85	2	1	beta-D-arabinoside; monosaccharide derivative; pyrimidine nucleoside	antimetabolite; antineoplastic agent; antiviral agent; immunosuppressive agent
dithionitrobenzoic acid Dithionitrobenzoic Acid: A standard reagent for the determination of reactive sulfhydryl groups by absorbance measurements. It is used primarily for the determination of sulfhydryl and disulfide groups in proteins. The color produced is due to the formation of a thio anion, 3-carboxyl-4-nitrothiophenolate.. dithionitrobenzoic acid : An organic disulfide that results from the formal oxidative dimerisation of 2-nitro-5-thiobenzoic acid. An indicator used to quantify the number or concentration of thiol groups.	1.96	1	0	nitrobenzoic acid; organic disulfide	indicator
asparagine Asparagine: A non-essential amino acid that is involved in the metabolic control of cell functions in nerve and brain tissue. It is biosynthesized from ASPARTIC ACID and AMMONIA by asparagine synthetase. (From Concise Encyclopedia Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, 3rd ed). asparagine : An alpha-amino acid in which one of the hydrogens attached to the alpha-carbon of glycine is substituted by a 2-amino-2-oxoethyl group.	2.42	2	0	amino acid zwitterion; asparagine; aspartate family amino acid; L-alpha-amino acid; proteinogenic amino acid	Escherichia coli metabolite; human metabolite; micronutrient; mouse metabolite; nutraceutical; plant metabolite; Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite
histidine Histidine: An essential amino acid that is required for the production of HISTAMINE.. L-histidine : The L-enantiomer of the amino acid histidine.. histidine : An alpha-amino acid that is propanoic acid bearing an amino substituent at position 2 and a 1H-imidazol-4-yl group at position 3.	4.37	6	0	amino acid zwitterion; histidine; L-alpha-amino acid; polar amino acid zwitterion; proteinogenic amino acid	algal metabolite; Escherichia coli metabolite; human metabolite; micronutrient; mouse metabolite; nutraceutical; Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite
valine Valine: A branched-chain essential amino acid that has stimulant activity. It promotes muscle growth and tissue repair. It is a precursor in the penicillin biosynthetic pathway.. valine : A branched-chain amino acid that consists of glycine in which one of the hydrogens attached to the alpha-carbon is substituted by an isopropyl group.. L-valine : The L-enantiomer of valine.	1.99	1	0	L-alpha-amino acid zwitterion; L-alpha-amino acid; proteinogenic amino acid; pyruvate family amino acid; valine	algal metabolite; Escherichia coli metabolite; human metabolite; micronutrient; mouse metabolite; nutraceutical; Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite
threonine Threonine: An essential amino acid occurring naturally in the L-form, which is the active form. It is found in eggs, milk, gelatin, and other proteins.. threonine : An alpha-amino acid in which one of the hydrogens attached to the alpha-carbon of glycine is substituted by a 1-hydroxyethyl group.	4.26	5	0	amino acid zwitterion; aspartate family amino acid; L-alpha-amino acid; proteinogenic amino acid; threonine	algal metabolite; Escherichia coli metabolite; human metabolite; micronutrient; mouse metabolite; nutraceutical; plant metabolite; Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite
trypan blue VisionBlue: A trypan blue ophthalmic solution.	3.11	1	0
tryptophan Tryptophan: An essential amino acid that is necessary for normal growth in infants and for NITROGEN balance in adults. It is a precursor of INDOLE ALKALOIDS in plants. It is a precursor of SEROTONIN (hence its use as an antidepressant and sleep aid). It can be a precursor to NIACIN, albeit inefficiently, in mammals.. tryptophan : An alpha-amino acid that is alanine bearing an indol-3-yl substituent at position 3.	2.01	1	0	erythrose 4-phosphate/phosphoenolpyruvate family amino acid; L-alpha-amino acid zwitterion; L-alpha-amino acid; proteinogenic amino acid; tryptophan zwitterion; tryptophan	antidepressant; Escherichia coli metabolite; human metabolite; micronutrient; mouse metabolite; nutraceutical; plant metabolite; Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite
arginine Arginine: An essential amino acid that is physiologically active in the L-form.. arginine : An alpha-amino acid that is glycine in which the alpha-is substituted by a 3-guanidinopropyl group.	3.09	5	0	arginine; glutamine family amino acid; L-alpha-amino acid; proteinogenic amino acid	biomarker; Escherichia coli metabolite; micronutrient; mouse metabolite; nutraceutical
ethylene Plastipore: high density polyethylene sponge biocompatible material; used as posts in dental bridges	2.54	2	0	alkene; gas molecular entity	plant hormone; refrigerant
acetonitrile acetonitrile: RN given refers to unlabeled cpd. acetonitrile : A nitrile that is hydrogen cyanide in which the hydrogen has been replaced by a methyl group.	2.02	1	0	aliphatic nitrile; volatile organic compound	EC 3.5.1.4 (amidase) inhibitor; NMR chemical shift reference compound; polar aprotic solvent
rotenone Derris: A plant genus of the family FABACEAE. The root is a source of rotenoids (ROTENONE) and flavonoids. Some species of Pongamia have been reclassified to this genus and some to MILLETTIA. Some species of Deguelia have been reclassified to this genus.. rotenoid : Members of the class of tetrahydrochromenochromene that consists of a cis-fused tetrahydrochromeno[3,4-b]chromene skeleton and its substituted derivatives. The term was originally restricted to natural products, but is now also used to describe semi-synthetic and fully synthetic compounds.	1.99	1	0	organic heteropentacyclic compound; rotenones	antineoplastic agent; metabolite; mitochondrial NADH:ubiquinone reductase inhibitor; phytogenic insecticide; piscicide; toxin
1-naphthoic acid naphthoic acid : An aromatic carboxylic acid that consists of a naphthalene skeleton substituted by one or more carboxy groups.	2.06	1	0	naphthoic acid	bacterial xenobiotic metabolite; fungal xenobiotic metabolite
1-naphthol 1-naphthol: RN given refers to parent cpd. 1-naphthol : A naphthol carrying a hydroxy group at position 1.. hydroxynaphthalene : Any member of the class of naphthalenes that is naphthalene carrying one or more hydroxy groups.	3.07	5	0	naphthol	genotoxin; human xenobiotic metabolite
beta-glucono-1,5-lactone beta-glucono-1,5-lactone: structure. D-glucono-1,5-lactone : An aldono-1,5-lactone obtained from D-gluconic acid.	2.37	2	0	aldono-1,5-lactone; gluconolactone	animal metabolite; mouse metabolite
xanthenes Xanthenes: Compounds with three aromatic rings in linear arrangement with an OXYGEN in the center ring.	2.02	1	0	xanthene
benzidine benzidine: RN given refers to parent cpd. benzidine : A member of the class of biphenyls that is 1,1'-biphenyl in which the hydrogen at the para-position of each phenyl group has been replaced by an amino group.	3.13	1	0	biphenyls; substituted aniline	carcinogenic agent
phosphoribosyl pyrophosphate Phosphoribosyl Pyrophosphate: The key substance in the biosynthesis of histidine, tryptophan, and purine and pyrimidine nucleotides.. 5-phosphoribosyl diphosphate : A ribose diphosphate carrying an additional phosphate group at position 5.. 5-O-phosphono-alpha-D-ribofuranosyl diphosphate : A derivative of alpha-D-ribose having a phosphate group at the 5-position and a diphosphate at the 1-position.	2.37	2	0	5-O-phosphono-D-ribofuranosyl diphosphate	Escherichia coli metabolite; human metabolite; mouse metabolite; plant metabolite
trehalose alpha,alpha-trehalose : A trehalose in which both glucose residues have alpha-configuration at the anomeric carbon.	5.34	6	0	trehalose	Escherichia coli metabolite; geroprotector; human metabolite; mouse metabolite; Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite
2-methylpentane Hexanes: Six-carbon saturated hydrocarbon group of the methane series. Include isomers and derivatives. Various polyneuropathies are caused by hexane poisoning.	2.13	1	0	alkane
thiophenol thiophenol : A thiol in which the sulfanyl group is attached to a phenyl group.	1.94	1	0	aryl thiol
pyrroles 1H-pyrrole : A tautomer of pyrrole that has the double bonds at positions 2 and 4.. pyrrole : A five-membered monocyclic heteroarene comprising one NH and four CH units which forms the parent compound of the pyrrole group of compounds. Its five-membered ring structure has three tautomers. A 'closed class'.. azole : Any monocyclic heteroarene consisting of a five-membered ring containing nitrogen. Azoles can also contain one or more other non-carbon atoms, such as nitrogen, sulfur or oxygen.	2.66	3	0	pyrrole; secondary amine
trinitrotoluene Trinitrotoluene: A 2,4,6-trinitrotoluene, which is an explosive chemical that can cause skin irritation and other toxic consequences.. 2,4,6-trinitrotoluene : A trinitrotoluene having the nitro groups at positions 2, 4 and 6.	2.1	1	0	trinitrotoluene	explosive
uridine diphosphate glucose Uridine Diphosphate Glucose: A key intermediate in carbohydrate metabolism. Serves as a precursor of glycogen, can be metabolized into UDPgalactose and UDPglucuronic acid which can then be incorporated into polysaccharides as galactose and glucuronic acid. Also serves as a precursor of sucrose lipopolysaccharides, and glycosphingolipids.. UDP-alpha-D-glucose : The alpha-anomer of UDP-alpha-D-glucose. It is used in nucleotide sugars metabolism.	11.38	52	0	UDP-D-glucose	fundamental metabolite
2-naphthol 2-naphthol: RN given refers to parent cpd. 2-naphthol : A naphthol carrying a hydroxy group at position 2.. naphthols : Any hydroxynaphthalene derivative that has a single hydroxy substituent.	3.36	7	0	naphthol	antinematodal drug; genotoxin; human urinary metabolite; human xenobiotic metabolite; mouse metabolite; radical scavenger
nitrilotriacetic acid Nitrilotriacetic Acid: A derivative of acetic acid, N(CH2COOH)3. It is a complexing (sequestering) agent that forms stable complexes with Zn2+. (From Miall's Dictionary of Chemistry, 5th ed.)	2	1	0	NTA; tricarboxylic acid	carcinogenic agent; nephrotoxic agent
protocatechualdehyde protocatechualdehyde: found in wheat grains, wheat seedlings, & other plants; RN given refers to parent cpd; see also rancinamycins; structure	2.6	1	0	dihydroxybenzaldehyde
sodium cyanide Sodium Cyanide: A highly poisonous compound that is an inhibitor of many metabolic processes and is used as a test reagent for the function of chemoreceptors. It is also used in many industrial processes.. sodium cyanide : A cyanide salt containing equal numbers of sodium cations and cyanide anions.	1.98	1	0	cyanide salt; one-carbon compound; sodium salt	EC 1.15.1.1 (superoxide dismutase) inhibitor
thiamine pyrophosphate Thiamine Pyrophosphate: The coenzyme form of Vitamin B1 present in many animal tissues. It is a required intermediate in the PYRUVATE DEHYDROGENASE COMPLEX and the KETOGLUTARATE DEHYDROGENASE COMPLEX.. thiamine(1+) diphosphate chloride : An organic chloride salt of thiamine(1+) diphosphate.	1.97	1	0	organic chloride salt; vitamin B1
perylene Perylene: A 20-carbon dibenz(de,kl)anthracene that can be viewed as a naphthalene fused to a phenalene or as dinaphthalene. It is used as fluorescent lipid probe in the cytochemistry of membranes and is a polycyclic hydrocarbon pollutant in soil and water. Derivatives may be carcinogenic.. perylene : An ortho- and peri-fused polycyclic arene comprising of five benzene rings that is anthracene in which the d,e and k,l sides are fused to benzene rings.	2.48	2	0	ortho- and peri-fused polycyclic arene; perylenes
indazoles Indazoles: A group of heterocyclic aromatic organic compounds consisting of the fusion of BENZENE and PYRAZOLES.	2.25	1	0	indazole
thiazoles [no description available]	2.03	1	0	1,3-thiazoles; mancude organic heteromonocyclic parent; monocyclic heteroarene
pyrimidine pyrimidine : The parent compound of the pyrimidines; a diazine having the two nitrogens at the 1- and 3-positions.	2.13	1	0	diazine; pyrimidines	Daphnia magna metabolite
nitroblue tetrazolium Nitroblue Tetrazolium: Colorless to yellow dye that is reducible to blue or black formazan crystals by certain cells; formerly used to distinguish between nonbacterial and bacterial diseases, the latter causing neutrophils to reduce the dye; used to confirm diagnosis of chronic granulomatous disease.	2.43	2	0	organic cation
evans blue Evans Blue: An azo dye used in blood volume and cardiac output measurement by the dye dilution method. It is very soluble, strongly bound to plasma albumin, and disappears very slowly.. Evans blue : An organic sodium salt that is the tetrasodium salt of 6,6'-{(3,3'-dimethyl[1,1'-biphenyl]-4,4'-diyl)bis[diazene-2,1-diyl]}bis(4-amino-5-hydroxynaphthalene-1,3-disulfonate). It is sometimes used as a counterstain, especially in fluorescent methods to suppress background autofluorescence.	1.97	1	0	organic sodium salt	fluorochrome; histological dye; sodium channel blocker; teratogenic agent
5-fluorouridine [no description available]	2.39	2	0	organofluorine compound; uridines	mutagen
diazomethane Diazomethane: A diazonium compound with the formula CH2N2.. diazomethane : The simplest diazo compound, in which a diazo group is attached to a methylene group.	2.53	2	0	diazo compound	alkylating agent; antineoplastic agent; carcinogenic agent; poison
thymidine monophosphate Thymidine Monophosphate: 5-Thymidylic acid. A thymine nucleotide containing one phosphate group esterified to the deoxyribose moiety.. dTMP : The neutral species of thymidine 5'-monophosphate (2'-deoxythymidine 5'-monophosphate).	1.97	1	0	thymidine 5'-monophosphate	fundamental metabolite
4-hydroxyphenobarbital [no description available]	1.96	1	0	barbiturates
cyanogen cyanogen: structure. oxalonitrile : A dinitrile that is ethane substituted by two cyano groups.	2.6	1	0	dinitrile; pseudohalogen
nuciferine nuciferine: CNS depressant; glutamic acid antagonist; RN given refers to (R)-isomer; structure	7.05	1	0
fusarium Fusarium: A mitosporic Hypocreales fungal genus, various species of which are important parasitic pathogens of plants and a variety of vertebrates. Teleomorphs include GIBBERELLA.	3.34	5	0
kainic acid Kainic Acid: (2S-(2 alpha,3 beta,4 beta))-2-Carboxy-4-(1-methylethenyl)-3-pyrrolidineacetic acid. Ascaricide obtained from the red alga Digenea simplex. It is a potent excitatory amino acid agonist at some types of excitatory amino acid receptors and has been used to discriminate among receptor types. Like many excitatory amino acid agonists it can cause neurotoxicity and has been used experimentally for that purpose.	2.03	1	0	dicarboxylic acid; L-proline derivative; non-proteinogenic L-alpha-amino acid; pyrrolidinecarboxylic acid	antinematodal drug; excitatory amino acid agonist
dipicolinic acid dipicolinic acid : A pyridinedicarboxylic acid carrying two carboxy groups at positions 2 and 6.	2.03	1	0	pyridinedicarboxylic acid	bacterial metabolite
4-hydroxyphenylethanol 4-hydroxyphenylethanol: in chest gland secretion of galagos. 2-(4-hydroxyphenyl)ethanol : A phenol substituted at position 4 by a 2-hydroxyethyl group.	2.72	2	0	phenols	anti-arrhythmia drug; antioxidant; cardiovascular drug; fungal metabolite; geroprotector; plant metabolite; protective agent
oleanolic acid [no description available]	2.54	2	0	hydroxy monocarboxylic acid; pentacyclic triterpenoid	plant metabolite
dihydrotestosterone Dihydrotestosterone: A potent androgenic metabolite of TESTOSTERONE. It is produced by the action of the enzyme 3-OXO-5-ALPHA-STEROID 4-DEHYDROGENASE.. 17beta-hydroxyandrostan-3-one : A 17beta-hydroxy steroid that is testosterone in which the 4-5 double bond has been reduced to a single bond with unspecified configuration at position 5.. 17beta-hydroxy-5alpha-androstan-3-one : A 17beta-hydroxy steroid that is testosterone in which the 4,5 double bond has been reduced to a single bond with alpha-configuration at position 5.	2.41	1	0	17beta-hydroxy steroid; 17beta-hydroxyandrostan-3-one; 3-oxo-5alpha-steroid	androgen; Daphnia magna metabolite; human metabolite; mouse metabolite
copper gluconate Gluconates: Derivatives of gluconic acid (the structural formula HOCH2(CHOH)4COOH), including its salts and esters.	2.37	2	0	organic molecular entity
uridine diphosphate n-acetylglucosamine Uridine Diphosphate N-Acetylglucosamine: Serves as the biological precursor of insect chitin, of muramic acid in bacterial cell walls, and of sialic acids in mammalian glycoproteins.	9.32	19	0
cellobiose beta-cellobiose : A cellobiose with beta configuration at the reducing-end glucose residue.	2.6	1	0	cellobiose	epitope
mandelonitrile, (+-)-isomer [no description available]	2.6	1	0	cyanohydrin
malondialdehyde Malondialdehyde: The dialdehyde of malonic acid.. malonaldehyde : A dialdehyde that is propane substituted by two oxo groups at the terminal carbon atoms respectively. A biomarker of oxidative damage to lipids caused by smoking, it exists in vivo mainly in the enol form.	2.31	1	0	dialdehyde	biomarker
4-chloromercuribenzenesulfonate 4-Chloromercuribenzenesulfonate: A cytotoxic sulfhydryl reagent that inhibits several subcellular metabolic systems and is used as a tool in cellular physiology.	2.01	1	0	arenesulfonic acid; arylmercury compound
congo red Congo Red: An acid dye used in testing for hydrochloric acid in gastric contents. It is also used histologically to test for AMYLOIDOSIS.. Congo Red : An indicator dye that is blue-violet at pH 3.0 and red at pH 5.0.	3.51	1	0	bis(azo) compound
3-hydroxyflavone 3-hydroxyflavone: structure given in first source. flavonol : A monohydroxyflavone that is the 3-hydroxy derivative of flavone.	2.97	4	0	flavonols; monohydroxyflavone
acetylcysteine N-acetyl-L-cysteine : An N-acetyl-L-amino acid that is the N-acetylated derivative of the natural amino acid L-cysteine.	2.31	1	0	acetylcysteine; L-cysteine derivative; N-acetyl-L-amino acid	antidote to paracetamol poisoning; antiinfective agent; antioxidant; antiviral drug; ferroptosis inhibitor; geroprotector; human metabolite; mucolytic; radical scavenger; vulnerary
erythromycin Erythromycin: A bacteriostatic antibiotic macrolide produced by Streptomyces erythreus. Erythromycin A is considered its major active component. In sensitive organisms, it inhibits protein synthesis by binding to 50S ribosomal subunits. This binding process inhibits peptidyl transferase activity and interferes with translocation of amino acids during translation and assembly of proteins.. erythromycin : Any of several wide-spectrum macrolide antibiotics obtained from actinomycete Saccharopolyspora erythraea (formerly known as Streptomyces erythraeus).. erythromycin A : An erythromycin that consists of erythronolide A having 2,6-dideoxy-3-C-methyl-3-O-methyl-alpha-L-ribo-hexopyranosyl and 3,4,6-trideoxy-3-(dimethylamino)-beta-D-xylo-hexopyranosyl residues attahced at positions 4 and 6 respectively.	2	1	0	cyclic ketone; erythromycin
n-phenylmaleimide N-phenylmaleimide: structure in Merck Index, 9th ed, #7104	2.02	1	0
deoxycytidine [no description available]	2.4	2	0	pyrimidine 2'-deoxyribonucleoside	Escherichia coli metabolite; human metabolite; mouse metabolite; Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite
deoxyuridine [no description available]	2.39	2	0	pyrimidine 2'-deoxyribonucleoside	Escherichia coli metabolite; human metabolite; mouse metabolite; Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite
cytidine diphosphate choline Cytidine Diphosphate Choline: Donor of choline in biosynthesis of choline-containing phosphoglycerides.	1.99	1	0	nucleotide-(amino alcohol)s; phosphocholines	human metabolite; mouse metabolite; neuroprotective agent; psychotropic drug; Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite
deoxycytidine monophosphate Deoxycytidine Monophosphate: Deoxycytidine (dihydrogen phosphate). A deoxycytosine nucleotide containing one phosphate group esterified to the deoxyribose moiety in the 2'-,3'- or 5- positions.. 2'-deoxycytosine 5'-monophosphate : A pyrimidine 2'-deoxyribonucleoside 5'-monophosphate having cytosine as the nucleobase.	2.7	3	0	2'-deoxycytidine phosphate; pyrimidine 2'-deoxyribonucleoside 5'-monophosphate	Escherichia coli metabolite; mouse metabolite
ethambutol Ethambutol: An antitubercular agent that inhibits the transfer of mycolic acids into the cell wall of the tubercle bacillus. It may also inhibit the synthesis of spermidine in mycobacteria. The action is usually bactericidal, and the drug can penetrate human cell membranes to exert its lethal effect. (From Smith and Reynard, Textbook of Pharmacology, 1992, p863). ethambutol : An ethylenediamine derivative that is ethane-1,2-diamine in which one hydrogen attached to each of the nitrogens is sutstituted by a 1-hydroxybutan-2-yl group (S,S-configuration). It is a bacteriostatic antimycobacterial drug, effective against Mycobacterium tuberculosis and some other mycobacteria. It is used (as the dihydrochloride salt) in combination with other antituberculous drugs in the treatment of pulmonary and extrapulmonary tuberculosis; resistant strains of M. tuberculosis are readily produced if ethambutol is used alone.	2.79	3	0	ethanolamines; ethylenediamine derivative	antitubercular agent; environmental contaminant; xenobiotic
nicotinamide mononucleotide Nicotinamide Mononucleotide: 3-Carbamoyl-1-beta-D-ribofuranosyl pyridinium hydroxide-5'phosphate, inner salt. A nucleotide in which the nitrogenous base, nicotinamide, is in beta-N-glycosidic linkage with the C-1 position of D-ribose. Synonyms: Nicotinamide Ribonucleotide; NMN.	1.95	1	0	nicotinamide mononucleotide	Escherichia coli metabolite; mouse metabolite
glycyrrhizic acid glycyrrhizinic acid : A triterpenoid saponin that is the glucosiduronide derivative of 3beta-hydroxy-11-oxoolean-12-en-30-oic acid.	2.13	1	0	enone; glucosiduronic acid; pentacyclic triterpenoid; tricarboxylic acid; triterpenoid saponin	EC 3.4.21.5 (thrombin) inhibitor; plant metabolite
selenomethionine [no description available]	2.02	1	0	selenoamino acid; selenomethionines	plant metabolite
stearylamine stearylamine: RN given refers to parent cpd. octadecan-1-amine : An 18-carbon primary aliphatic amine.	2.01	1	0	primary aliphatic amine	film-forming compound
ethyldimethylaminopropyl carbodiimide Ethyldimethylaminopropyl Carbodiimide: Carbodiimide cross-linking reagent.	1.96	1	0
2'-deoxyadenosine triphosphate 2'-deoxyadenosine triphosphate: RN given refers to unlabeled parent cpd	3.48	2	0	2'-deoxyadenosine 5'-phosphate; purine 2'-deoxyribonucleoside 5'-triphosphate	Escherichia coli metabolite; mouse metabolite
methylene diphosphonate medronic acid : A 1,1-bis(phosphonic acid) consisting of methane substituted by two phosphonic acid groups.	2.17	1	0	1,1-bis(phosphonic acid)	bone density conservation agent; chelator
amiloride Amiloride: A pyrazine compound inhibiting SODIUM reabsorption through SODIUM CHANNELS in renal EPITHELIAL CELLS. This inhibition creates a negative potential in the luminal membranes of principal cells, located in the distal convoluted tubule and collecting duct. Negative potential reduces secretion of potassium and hydrogen ions. Amiloride is used in conjunction with DIURETICS to spare POTASSIUM loss. (From Gilman et al., Goodman and Gilman's The Pharmacological Basis of Therapeutics, 9th ed, p705). amiloride : A member of the class of pyrazines resulting from the formal monoacylation of guanidine with the carboxy group of 3,5-diamino-6-chloropyrazine-2-carboxylic acid.	2.43	2	0	aromatic amine; guanidines; organochlorine compound; pyrazines	diuretic; sodium channel blocker
fluorescein Fluorescein: A phthalic indicator dye that appears yellow-green in normal tear film and bright green in a more alkaline medium such as the aqueous humor.. fluorescein (lactone form) : A xanthene dye that is highly fluorescent, detectable even when present in minute quantities. Used forensically to detect traces of blood, in analytical chemistry as an indicator in silver nitrate titrations and in microscopy.	2.03	1	0	2-benzofurans; gamma-lactone; organic heteropentacyclic compound; oxaspiro compound; polyphenol; xanthene dye	fluorescent dye; radioopaque medium
fucose Fucose: A six-member ring deoxysugar with the chemical formula C6H12O5. It lacks a hydroxyl group on the carbon at position 6 of the molecule.. L-fucopyranose : The pyranose form of L-fucose.. fucose : Any deoxygalactose that is deoxygenated at the 6-position.	3.8	3	0	fucopyranose; L-fucose	Escherichia coli metabolite; mouse metabolite
uridine diphosphate glucuronic acid Uridine Diphosphate Glucuronic Acid: A nucleoside diphosphate sugar which serves as a source of glucuronic acid for polysaccharide biosynthesis. It may also be epimerized to UDP iduronic acid, which donates iduronic acid to polysaccharides. In animals, UDP glucuronic acid is used for formation of many glucosiduronides with various aglycones.. UDP-alpha-D-glucuronic acid : A UDP-sugar having alpha-D-glucuronic acid as the sugar component.	8.85	12	0	UDP-D-glucuronic acid	Escherichia coli metabolite; human metabolite; mouse metabolite
uridine diphosphate galactose Uridine Diphosphate Galactose: A nucleoside diphosphate sugar which can be epimerized into UDPglucose for entry into the mainstream of carbohydrate metabolism. Serves as a source of galactose in the synthesis of lipopolysaccharides, cerebrosides, and lactose.. UDP-alpha-D-galactose : A UDP-D-galactose in which the anomeric centre of the galactose moiety has alpha-configuration.	4.65	27	0	UDP-D-galactose	mouse metabolite
2,2-bis(bromomethyl)-1,3-propanediol 2,2-bis(bromomethyl)-1,3-propanediol: structure given in first source	2.47	2	0	primary alcohol
mannose mannopyranose : The pyranose form of mannose.	2.69	3	0	D-aldohexose; D-mannose; mannopyranose	metabolite
dithiothreitol 1,4-dimercaptobutane-2,3-diol : A glycol that is butane-2,3-diol in which a hydrogen from each of the methyl groups is replaced by a thiol group.. 1,4-dithiothreitol : The threo-diastereomer of 1,4-dimercaptobutane-2,3-diol.	2.89	4	0	1,4-dimercaptobutane-2,3-diol; butanediols; dithiol; glycol; thiol	chelator; human metabolite; reducing agent
uridine diphosphate xylose Uridine Diphosphate Xylose: The decarboxylation product of UDPglucuronic acid, which is used for formation of the xylosides of seryl hydroxyl groups in mucoprotein synthesis. Also forms plant xylans.	2.92	4	0	UDP-sugar	fundamental metabolite
cyclic cmp Cyclic CMP: A cyclic nucleotide formed from CYTIDINE TRIPHOSPHATE by the action of cytidylate cyclase. It is a potential cyclic nucleotide intracellular mediator of signal transductions.. 3',5'-cyclic CMP : A 3',5'-cyclic pyrimidine nucleotide having cytosine as the nucleobase.	2.04	1	0	3',5'-cyclic pyrimidine nucleotide	human metabolite
diadenosine tetraphosphate P(1),P(4)-bis(5'-adenosyl) tetraphosphate : A diadenosyl tetraphosphate compound having the two 5'-adenosyl residues attached at the P(1)- and P(4)-positions.	4.21	5	0	diadenosyl tetraphosphate	Escherichia coli metabolite; mouse metabolite
iodinated glycerol iodinated glycerol: secretolytic agent; RN given refers to cpd without iodine locant	2.13	1	0	dioxolane
manganese Manganese: A trace element with atomic symbol Mn, atomic number 25, and atomic weight 54.94. It is concentrated in cell mitochondria, mostly in the pituitary gland, liver, pancreas, kidney, and bone, influences the synthesis of mucopolysaccharides, stimulates hepatic synthesis of cholesterol and fatty acids, and is a cofactor in many enzymes, including arginase and alkaline phosphatase in the liver. (From AMA Drug Evaluations Annual 1992, p2035). manganese(4+) : A manganese cation that is monoatomic and has a formal charge of +4.	5.46	20	0	elemental manganese; manganese group element atom	Escherichia coli metabolite; micronutrient
palladium Palladium: A chemical element having an atomic weight of 106.4, atomic number of 46, and the symbol Pd. It is a white, ductile metal resembling platinum, and following it in abundance and importance of applications. It is used in dentistry in the form of gold, silver, and copper alloys.. palladium : Chemical element (nickel group element atom) with atomic number 46.	2.17	1	0	metal allergen; nickel group element atom; platinum group metal atom
platinum Platinum: A heavy, soft, whitish metal, resembling tin, with atomic number 78, atomic weight 195.084, symbol Pt. It is used in manufacturing equipment for laboratory and industrial use. It occurs as a black powder (platinum black) and as a spongy substance (spongy platinum) and may have been known in Pliny's time as alutiae.	2.03	1	0	elemental platinum; nickel group element atom; platinum group metal atom
gadolinium Gadolinium: An element of the rare earth family of metals. It has the atomic symbol Gd, atomic number 64, and atomic weight 157.25. Its oxide is used in the control rods of some nuclear reactors.	2	1	0	f-block element atom; lanthanoid atom
acetylglucosamine Acetylglucosamine: The N-acetyl derivative of glucosamine.. N-acetyl-beta-D-glucosamine : An N-acetyl-D-glucosamine having beta-configuration at the anomeric centre.	8.25	56	0	N-acetyl-D-glucosamine	epitope
galactosamine 2-amino-2-deoxy-D-galactopyranose : The pyranose form of D-galactosamine.. D-galactosamine : The D-stereoisomer of galactosamine.	2.67	3	0	D-galactosamine; primary amino compound	toxin
phosphoric acid, trisodium salt [no description available]	2.01	1	0	sodium phosphate
camptothecin NSC 100880: carboxylate (opened lactone) form of camptothecin; RN refers to (S)-isomer; structure given in first source	2.46	2	0	delta-lactone; pyranoindolizinoquinoline; quinoline alkaloid; tertiary alcohol	antineoplastic agent; EC 5.99.1.2 (DNA topoisomerase) inhibitor; genotoxin; plant metabolite
fluorine Fluorine: A nonmetallic, diatomic gas that is a trace element and member of the halogen family. It is used in dentistry as fluoride (FLUORIDES) to prevent dental caries.	2.72	3	0	diatomic fluorine; gas molecular entity	NMR chemical shift reference compound
chlorine Chlorine: An element with atomic symbol Cl, atomic number 17, and atomic weight 35, and member of the halogen family.	2.02	1	0	diatomic chlorine; gas molecular entity	bleaching agent
sulfur tetrafluoride [no description available]	2.6	1	0	sulfur coordination entity
beryllium fluoride beryllium difluoride : The fluoride salt of beryllium (+2 oxidation state). In the solid state it exists as a glass, with four-coordinate Be(2+) tetrahedral centres and two-coordinate fluoride centres. As a gas it adopts a linear triatomic structure and in the liquid state a fluctuating tetrahedral structure. In protein crystallography it is used as a mimic of phosphate.	1.98	1	0	beryllium molecular entity; fluoride salt
galactose aldohexose : A hexose with a (potential) aldehyde group at one end.	8.59	9	0
rhamnose [no description available]	5.1	8	0	L-rhamnose
tetradecanoylphorbol acetate Tetradecanoylphorbol Acetate: A phorbol ester found in CROTON OIL with very effective tumor promoting activity. It stimulates the synthesis of both DNA and RNA.. phorbol ester : Esters of phorbol, originally found in croton oil (from Croton tiglium, of the family Euphorbiaceae). A number of phorbol esters possess activity as tumour promoters and activate the mechanisms associated with cell growth. Some of these are used in experiments as activators of protein kinase C.. phorbol 13-acetate 12-myristate : A phorbol ester that is phorbol in which the hydroxy groups at the cyclopropane ring juction (position 13) and the adjacent carbon (position 12) have been converted into the corresponding acetate and myristate esters. It is a major active constituent of the seed oil of Croton tiglium. It has been used as a tumour promoting agent for skin carcinogenesis in rodents and is associated with increased cell proliferation of malignant cells. However its function is controversial since a decrease in cell proliferation has also been observed in several cancer cell types.	2.91	4	0	acetate ester; diester; phorbol ester; tertiary alpha-hydroxy ketone; tetradecanoate ester	antineoplastic agent; apoptosis inducer; carcinogenic agent; mitogen; plant metabolite; protein kinase C agonist; reactive oxygen species generator
fluorides [no description available]	2.39	2	0	halide anion; monoatomic fluorine
edifenphos edifenphos: structure. edifenphos : An organic thiophosphate that is the O-ethyl-S,S-diphenyl ester of phosphorodithioic acid. Used to control a variety of fungal diseases on rice including blast, ear blight and stem rot. Edifenphos is moderately toxic to mammals and fish but poses more of a risk to aquatic invertebrates.	1.98	1	0	organic thiophosphate	antifungal agrochemical; EC 3.1.1.7 (acetylcholinesterase) inhibitor; neurotoxin; phospholipid biosynthesis inhibitor
cannabichromene [no description available]	2.6	1	0	1-benzopyran
phenyl acetate phenyl acetate: The ester formed between phenol and acetic acid. Don't confuse with phenylacetic acid derivatives listed under PHENYLACETATES.. phenyl acetate : An acetate ester obtained by the formal condensation of phenol with acetic acid.	2.68	3	0	benzenes; phenyl acetates
ursodeoxycholic acid Ursodeoxycholic Acid: An epimer of chenodeoxycholic acid. It is a mammalian bile acid found first in the bear and is apparently either a precursor or a product of chenodeoxycholate. Its administration changes the composition of bile and may dissolve gallstones. It is used as a cholagogue and choleretic.. ursodeoxycholic acid : A bile acid found in the bile of bears (Ursidae) as a conjugate with taurine. Used therapeutically, it prevents the synthesis and absorption of cholesterol and can lead to the dissolution of gallstones.. ursodeoxycholate : A bile acid anion that is the conjugate base of ursodeoxycholic acid, obtained by deprotonation of the carboxy group; major species at pH 7.3.	2.04	1	0	bile acid; C24-steroid; dihydroxy-5beta-cholanic acid	human metabolite; mouse metabolite
glutamic acid Glutamic Acid: A non-essential amino acid naturally occurring in the L-form. Glutamic acid is the most common excitatory neurotransmitter in the CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM.. glutamic acid : An alpha-amino acid that is glutaric acid bearing a single amino substituent at position 2.	4.02	5	0	glutamic acid; glutamine family amino acid; L-alpha-amino acid; proteinogenic amino acid	Escherichia coli metabolite; ferroptosis inducer; micronutrient; mouse metabolite; neurotransmitter; nutraceutical
adenylyl imidodiphosphate Adenylyl Imidodiphosphate: 5'-Adenylic acid, monoanhydride with imidodiphosphoric acid. An analog of ATP, in which the oxygen atom bridging the beta to the gamma phosphate is replaced by a nitrogen atom. It is a potent competitive inhibitor of soluble and membrane-bound mitochondrial ATPase and also inhibits ATP-dependent reactions of oxidative phosphorylation.	2.38	2	0	adenosine 5'-phosphate
azides Azides: Organic or inorganic compounds that contain the -N3 group.. azide : Any nitrogen molecular entity containing the group -N3.	2.44	2	0	pseudohalide anion	mitochondrial respiratory-chain inhibitor
zidovudine Zidovudine: A dideoxynucleoside compound in which the 3'-hydroxy group on the sugar moiety has been replaced by an azido group. This modification prevents the formation of phosphodiester linkages which are needed for the completion of nucleic acid chains. The compound is a potent inhibitor of HIV replication, acting as a chain-terminator of viral DNA during reverse transcription. It improves immunologic function, partially reverses the HIV-induced neurological dysfunction, and improves certain other clinical abnormalities associated with AIDS. Its principal toxic effect is dose-dependent suppression of bone marrow, resulting in anemia and leukopenia.. zidovudine : A pyrimidine 2',3'-dideoxyribonucleoside compound having a 3'-azido substituent and thymine as the nucleobase.	2.4	2	0	azide; pyrimidine 2',3'-dideoxyribonucleoside	antimetabolite; antiviral drug; HIV-1 reverse transcriptase inhibitor
acetylgalactosamine Acetylgalactosamine: The N-acetyl derivative of galactosamine.	8.87	12	0	N-acetyl-D-hexosamine; N-acetylgalactosamine	Escherichia coli metabolite; human metabolite; mouse metabolite
pcb 118 [no description available]	2.08	1	0	dichlorobenzene; pentachlorobiphenyl; trichlorobenzene
paclitaxel Taxus: Genus of coniferous yew trees or shrubs, several species of which have medicinal uses. Notable is the Pacific yew, Taxus brevifolia, which is used to make the anti-neoplastic drug taxol (PACLITAXEL).	2.02	1	0	taxane diterpenoid; tetracyclic diterpenoid	antineoplastic agent; human metabolite; metabolite; microtubule-stabilising agent
ribavirin Rebetron: Rebetron is tradename	3.95	2	1	1-ribosyltriazole; aromatic amide; monocarboxylic acid amide; primary carboxamide	anticoronaviral agent; antiinfective agent; antimetabolite; antiviral agent; EC 2.7.7.49 (RNA-directed DNA polymerase) inhibitor
diltiazem Diltiazem: A benzothiazepine derivative with vasodilating action due to its antagonism of the actions of CALCIUM ion on membrane functions.. diltiazem : A 5-[2-(dimethylamino)ethyl]-2-(4-methoxyphenyl)-4-oxo-2,3,4,5-tetrahydro-1,5-benzothiazepin-3-yl acetate in which both stereocentres have S configuration. A calcium-channel blocker and vasodilator, it is used as the hydrochloride in the management of angina pectoris and hypertension.	1.99	1	0	5-[2-(dimethylamino)ethyl]-2-(4-methoxyphenyl)-4-oxo-2,3,4,5-tetrahydro-1,5-benzothiazepin-3-yl acetate	antihypertensive agent; calcium channel blocker; vasodilator agent
deoxynivalenol deoxynivalenol : A trichothecene mycotoxin produced by Fusarium to which wheat, barley, maize (corn) and their products are susceptible to contamination.	3.12	4	0	cyclic ketone; enone; primary alcohol; secondary alpha-hydroxy ketone; trichothecene; triol	mycotoxin
decamethrin decamethrin: pyrethroid insecticide; RN given refers to cpd without isomeric designation; structure	2.6	1	0	aromatic ether; cyclopropanecarboxylate ester; nitrile; organobromine compound	agrochemical; antifeedant; calcium channel agonist; EC 3.1.3.16 (phosphoprotein phosphatase) inhibitor; pyrethroid ester insecticide
nicorandil Nicorandil: A derivative of the NIACINAMIDE that is structurally combined with an organic nitrate. It is a potassium-channel opener that causes vasodilatation of arterioles and large coronary arteries. Its nitrate-like properties produce venous vasodilation through stimulation of guanylate cyclase.. nicorandil : A pyrimidinecarboxamide that is nicotinamide in which one of the hydrogens attached to the carboxamide nitrogen is replaced by a 2-(nitrooxy)ethyl group. It has both nitrate-like and ATP-sensitive potassium channel activator properties, and is used for the prevention and treatment of angina pectoris.	2.69	3	0	nitrate ester; pyridinecarboxamide	potassium channel opener; vasodilator agent
colforsin Colforsin: Potent activator of the adenylate cyclase system and the biosynthesis of cyclic AMP. From the plant COLEUS FORSKOHLII. Has antihypertensive, positive inotropic, platelet aggregation inhibitory, and smooth muscle relaxant activities; also lowers intraocular pressure and promotes release of hormones from the pituitary gland.	2.05	1	0	acetate ester; cyclic ketone; labdane diterpenoid; organic heterotricyclic compound; tertiary alpha-hydroxy ketone; triol	adenylate cyclase agonist; anti-HIV agent; antihypertensive agent; plant metabolite; platelet aggregation inhibitor; protein kinase A agonist
fura-2 Fura-2: A fluorescent calcium chelating agent which is used to study intracellular calcium in tissues.	3.25	6	0
irinotecan [no description available]	6.99	1	0	carbamate ester; delta-lactone; N-acylpiperidine; pyranoindolizinoquinoline; ring assembly; tertiary alcohol; tertiary amino compound	antineoplastic agent; apoptosis inducer; EC 5.99.1.2 (DNA topoisomerase) inhibitor; prodrug
adenosine quinquefolan B: isolated from roots of Panax quinquefolium L.; RN not in Chemline 10/87; RN from Toxlit	3.59	9	0	adenosines; purines D-ribonucleoside	analgesic; anti-arrhythmia drug; fundamental metabolite; human metabolite; vasodilator agent
vanadates Vanadates: Oxyvanadium ions in various states of oxidation. They act primarily as ion transport inhibitors due to their inhibition of Na(+)-, K(+)-, and Ca(+)-ATPase transport systems. They also have insulin-like action, positive inotropic action on cardiac ventricular muscle, and other metabolic effects.. vanadate(3-) : A vanadium oxoanion that is a trianion with formula VO4 in which the vanadium is in the +5 oxidation state and is attached to four oxygen atoms.	1.98	1	0	trivalent inorganic anion; vanadium oxoanion	EC 3.1.3.1 (alkaline phosphatase) inhibitor; EC 3.1.3.16 (phosphoprotein phosphatase) inhibitor; EC 3.1.3.41 (4-nitrophenylphosphatase) inhibitor; EC 3.1.3.48 (protein-tyrosine-phosphatase) inhibitor
trazodone hydrochloride Triticum: A plant genus of the family POACEAE that is the source of EDIBLE GRAIN. A hybrid with rye (SECALE CEREALE) is called TRITICALE. The seed is ground into FLOUR and used to make BREAD, and is the source of WHEAT GERM AGGLUTININS.. trazodone hydrochloride : A hydrochloride salt prepared from equimolar amounts of trazodone and hydrogen chloride.	3.21	4	0	hydrochloride	adrenergic antagonist; antidepressant; H1-receptor antagonist; sedative; serotonin uptake inhibitor
efavirenz efavirenz: HIV-1 reverse transcriptase inhibitor. efavirenz : 1,4-Dihydro-2H-3,1-benzoxazin-2-one substituted at the 4 position by cyclopropylethynyl and trifluoromethyl groups (S configuration) and at the 6 position by chlorine. A non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor with activity against HIV, it is used with other antiretrovirals for combination therapy of HIV infection.	2.6	1	0	acetylenic compound; benzoxazine; cyclopropanes; organochlorine compound; organofluorine compound	antiviral drug; HIV-1 reverse transcriptase inhibitor
glucose, (beta-d)-isomer beta-D-glucose : D-Glucopyranose with beta configuration at the anomeric centre.. (1->4)-beta-D-glucan : A beta-D-glucan in which the glucose units are connected by (1->4) linkages.. (1->3)-beta-D-glucan : A beta-D-glucan in which the glucose units are connected by (1->3) linkages.	4.76	24	0	D-glucopyranose	epitope; mouse metabolite
thymidine 5'-triphosphate thymidine 5'-triphosphate: RN given refers to parent cpd. dTTP : A thymidine phosphate having a triphosphate group at the 5'-position.	2.38	2	0	pyrimidine 2'-deoxyribonucleoside 5'-triphosphate; thymidine phosphate	Escherichia coli metabolite; mouse metabolite
baicalin [no description available]	2.41	1	0	dihydroxyflavone; glucosiduronic acid; glycosyloxyflavone; monosaccharide derivative	antiatherosclerotic agent; antibacterial agent; anticoronaviral agent; antineoplastic agent; antioxidant; cardioprotective agent; EC 2.7.7.48 (RNA-directed RNA polymerase) inhibitor; EC 3.4.21.26 (prolyl oligopeptidase) inhibitor; ferroptosis inhibitor; neuroprotective agent; non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug; plant metabolite; prodrug
5-methylcytosine 5-Methylcytosine: A methylated nucleotide base found in eukaryotic DNA. In ANIMALS, the DNA METHYLATION of CYTOSINE to form 5-methylcytosine is found primarily in the palindromic sequence CpG. In PLANTS, the methylated sequence is CpNpGp, where N can be any base.. 5-methylcytosine : A pyrimidine that is a derivative of cytosine, having a methyl group at the 5-position.	2.02	1	0	methylcytosine; pyrimidines	human metabolite
deoxyuridine triphosphate [no description available]	2.13	1	0	deoxyuridine phosphate; pyrimidine 2'-deoxyribonucleoside 5'-triphosphate	Arabidopsis thaliana metabolite; Escherichia coli metabolite; human metabolite; mouse metabolite
2'-deoxycytidine 5'-triphosphate 2'-deoxycytidine 5'-triphosphate: RN given refers to unlabeled parent cpd	1.97	1	0	2'-deoxycytidine phosphate; pyrimidine 2'-deoxyribonucleoside 5'-triphosphate	Escherichia coli metabolite; human metabolite; mouse metabolite
leucine methyl ester leucine methyl ester: RN given refers to (L-Leu)-isomer. methyl L-leucinate : The methyl ester of L-leucine.	1.99	1	0	alpha-amino acid ester; L-leucine derivative; methyl ester
glucose-1-phosphate glucose-1-phosphate: RN given refers to (alpha-D-Glc)-isomer. alpha-D-glucose 1-phosphate : A D-glucopyranose 1-phosphate in which the anomeric centre has alpha-configuration.	2.41	2	0	D-glucopyranose 1-phosphate
3'-cmp 3'-CMP : A cytidine 3'-phosphate compound with a monophosphate group at the 3'-position.	2.05	1	0	cytidine 3'-phosphate; pyrimidine ribonucleoside 3'-monophosphate	Escherichia coli metabolite; metabolite; mouse metabolite
triazoles Triazoles: Heterocyclic compounds containing a five-membered ring with two carbon atoms and three nitrogen atoms with the molecular formula C2H3N3.. triazoles : An azole in which the five-membered heterocyclic aromatic skeleton contains three N atoms and two C atoms.	2.4	2	0	1,2,3-triazole
1h-tetrazole tetrazole : An azaarene that is a five-membered ring composed of 4 nitrogen and 1 carbon atom.. 2H-tetrazole : A tetrazole tautomer where the proton is located on the 2 position.	2.07	1	0	one-carbon compound; tetrazole
harmol harmol: harmol is oxidized form of alkaloid harmolol; RN given refers to parent cpd; structure	1.97	1	0	harmala alkaloid
fluorodeoxyglucose f18 Fluorodeoxyglucose F18: The compound is given by intravenous injection to do POSITRON-EMISSION TOMOGRAPHY for the assessment of cerebral and myocardial glucose metabolism in various physiological or pathological states including stroke and myocardial ischemia. It is also employed for the detection of malignant tumors including those of the brain, liver, and thyroid gland. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p1162)	1.98	1	0	2-deoxy-2-((18)F)fluoro-D-glucose; 2-deoxy-2-fluoro-aldehydo-D-glucose
artemisinin (+)-artemisinin : A sesquiterpene lactone obtained from sweet wormwood, Artemisia annua, which is used as an antimalarial for the treatment of multi-drug resistant strains of falciparum malaria.	2.6	1	0	organic peroxide; sesquiterpene lactone	antimalarial; plant metabolite
fructose-6-phosphate fructose-6-phosphate: RN given refers to parent cpd with unspecified isomeric designation. fructose 6-phosphate : A ketohexose monophosphate consisting of fructose having a phosphate group located at the 6-position.	2	1	0	D-fructose 6-phosphate
5-hydroxymethylcytosine 5-(hydroxymethyl)cytosine : A nucleobase analogue that is cytosine in which the hydrogen at position 5 is replaced by a hydroxymethyl group.	2.02	1	0	aminopyrimidine; aromatic primary alcohol; nucleobase analogue; pyrimidone	human metabolite; mouse metabolite
cromakalim Cromakalim: A potassium-channel opening vasodilator that has been investigated in the management of hypertension. It has also been tried in patients with asthma. (Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p352)	3.09	5	0
alafosfalin alafosfalin: RN given refers to parent cpd; structure	1.95	1	0
hederagenin [no description available]	2.07	1	0	dihydroxy monocarboxylic acid; pentacyclic triterpenoid; sapogenin	plant metabolite
ribose-5-phosphate ribose-5-phosphate: RN given refers to cpd without isomeric designation	2.02	1	0	D-ribose 5-phosphate
rosiglitazone [no description available]	2.41	1	0	aminopyridine; thiazolidinediones	EC 6.2.1.3 (long-chain-fatty-acid--CoA ligase) inhibitor; ferroptosis inhibitor; insulin-sensitizing drug
3,4-dihydroxyphenylethanol 3,4-dihydroxyphenylethanol: serotonin metabolite; structure	2.6	1	0	catechols; primary alcohol	antineoplastic agent; antioxidant; metabolite
nicotine (S)-nicotine : A 3-(1-methylpyrrolidin-2-yl)pyridine in which the chiral centre has S-configuration. The naturally occurring and most active enantiomer of nicotine, isolated from Nicotiana tabacum.	2.01	1	0	3-(1-methylpyrrolidin-2-yl)pyridine	anxiolytic drug; biomarker; immunomodulator; mitogen; neurotoxin; nicotinic acetylcholine receptor agonist; peripheral nervous system drug; phytogenic insecticide; plant metabolite; psychotropic drug; teratogenic agent; xenobiotic
5-bromouridine 5-bromouridine : A uridine having a bromo substituent at the 5-position.	2.07	1	0	uridines	mutagen
5'-adenylyl (beta,gamma-methylene)diphosphonate 5'-adenylyl (beta,gamma-methylene)diphosphonate: do not confuse with alpha,beta-methyleneadenosine 5'-triphosphate	3.51	2	0	nucleoside triphosphate analogue
alpha,beta-methyleneadenosine 5'-triphosphate alpha,beta-methyleneadenosine 5'-triphosphate: do not confuse with beta,gamma-methylene ATP; RN given refers to parent cpd	4.89	11	0	nucleoside triphosphate analogue
quinclorac quinclorac: an herbicide. quinclorac : A quinolinemonocarboxylic acid that is quinoline-8-carboxylic acid in which the hydrogens at positions 3 and 7 have been replaced by chlorines. It is used (particularly as its dimethylamine salt, known as quinclorac-dimethylammonium) as a (rather persistent) herbicide for the post-emergence control of weeds in rice, grass and turf. It is not approved for use within the European Union.	2.41	1	0	monocarboxylic acid; organochlorine compound; quinolinemonocarboxylic acid	agrochemical; herbicide; synthetic auxin
adenosine 5'-methylenediphosphate [no description available]	2	1	0	nucleoside diphosphate analogue
glycidyl nitrate glycidyl nitrate: a nitric oxide donor; structure in first source. peptidoglycan : A peptidoglycosaminoglycan formed by alternating residues of beta-(1->4)-linked N-acetylglucosamine and N-acetylmuramic acid {2-amino-3-O-[(S)-1-carboxyethyl]-2-deoxy-D-glucose} residues. Attached to the carboxy group of the muramic acid is a peptide chain of three to five amino acids.	5.63	23	0
stearoyl-coenzyme a [no description available]	2	1	0	11,12-saturated fatty acyl-CoA; long-chain fatty acyl-CoA	Escherichia coli metabolite; mouse metabolite
glucuronic acid Glucuronic Acid: A sugar acid formed by the oxidation of the C-6 carbon of GLUCOSE. In addition to being a key intermediate metabolite of the uronic acid pathway, glucuronic acid also plays a role in the detoxification of certain drugs and toxins by conjugating with them to form GLUCURONIDES.. D-glucuronic acid : The D-enantiomer of glucuronic acid.. D-glucopyranuronic acid : A D-glucuronic acid in cyclic pyranose form.	4.03	14	0	D-glucuronic acid	algal metabolite
2,2-dimethyl-beta-alanine [no description available]	2	1	0
diosgenin [no description available]	2.6	1	0	3beta-sterol; hexacyclic triterpenoid; sapogenin; spiroketal	antineoplastic agent; antiviral agent; apoptosis inducer; metabolite
phorbolol myristate acetate [no description available]	2.01	1	0
pyrimidin-2-one beta-ribofuranoside pyrimidin-2-one beta-ribofuranoside: RN given refers to (D)-isomer; structure	2.04	1	0	pyrimidine ribonucleosides
ribavirin 5'-diphosphate ribavirin-5'-phosphate: RN given refers to 5'-phosphate cpd; structure. ribavirin 5'-monophosphate : A 1-ribosyltriazole that is ribavirin in which the hydroxy group at the 5'-position is replaced by a phosphonooxy group. It is the active metabolite of the antiviral agent ribavirin.	2.07	1	0	1-ribosyltriazole; aromatic amide; monocarboxylic acid amide; primary carboxamide; ribose monophosphate	antiviral agent; drug metabolite; EC 1.1.1.205 (IMP dehydrogenase) inhibitor; human blood serum metabolite
2'-fluoro-2'-deoxycytidine [no description available]	2.04	1	0
3'-uridylic acid 3'-uridylic acid: structure in first source; main heading URIDINE MONOPHOSPHATE refers to 5'-uridylic acid. 3'-UMP : A pyrimidine ribonucleoside 3'-monophosphate having uracil as the nucleobase.	2.05	1	0	pyrimidine ribonucleoside 3'-monophosphate; uridine phosphate	Escherichia coli metabolite
methyl mannoside, (alpha-d)-isomer methylmannoside: RN given refers to (D)-isomer; see also record for 3-O-methylmannose. methyl alpha-D-mannoside : A methyl mannoside having alpha-configuration at the anomeric centre.	1.96	1	0	alpha-D-mannoside; methyl mannoside
lanthionine lanthionine: a thioether analogue of cystine; RN given refers to (DL)-isomer; structure; a component of lantibiotics (BACTERIOCINS). lanthionine : An alanine derivative in which two alanine residues are linked on their beta-carbons by a thioether linkage.	1.97	1	0	alanine derivative; non-proteinogenic alpha-amino acid; organic sulfide	bacterial metabolite
cobalt Cobalt: A trace element that is a component of vitamin B12. It has the atomic symbol Co, atomic number 27, and atomic weight 58.93. It is used in nuclear weapons, alloys, and pigments. Deficiency in animals leads to anemia; its excess in humans can lead to erythrocytosis.. cobalt(1+) : A monovalent inorganic cation obtained from cobalt.. cobalt atom : A cobalt group element atom that has atomic number 27.	2.41	2	0	cobalt group element atom; metal allergen	micronutrient
1,2-bis(2-aminophenoxy)ethane-n,n,n',n'-tetraacetic acid 1,2-bis(2-aminophenoxy)ethane-N,N,N',N'-tetraacetic acid: structure in first source	2	1	0	polyamino carboxylic acid; tetracarboxylic acid	chelator
u 73122 1-(6-((3-methoxyestra-1,3,5(10)-trien-17-yl)amino)hexyl)-1H-pyrrole-2,5-dione: structure given in first source. U-73122 : An aza-steroid that is 3-O-methyl-17beta-estradiol in which the 17beta-hydroxy group is replaced by a 6-(maleimid-1-yl)hexylamino group. An inibitor of phospholipase C.	2.48	2	0	aromatic ether; aza-steroid; maleimides	EC 3.1.4.11 (phosphoinositide phospholipase C) inhibitor
fructose 2,6-diphosphate fructose 2,6-diphosphate: phosphofructokinase activator synthesized via Mg-ATP & fructose-6-P. beta-D-fructofuranose 2,6-bisphosphate : A D-fructofuranose 2,6-bisphosphate with a beta-configuration at the anomeric centre.	2.39	2	0	D-fructofuranose 2,6-bisphosphate	human metabolite; mouse metabolite
indo-1 indo-1: structure given in first source	2.01	1	0	indoles	fluorochrome
3-((3-cholamidopropyl)dimethylammonium)-1-propanesulfonate 3-((3-cholamidopropyl)dimethylammonium)-1-propanesulfonate: a surfactant; structure given in first source	2.41	2	0	1,1-diunsubstituted alkanesulfonate
indoxacarb indoxacarb: oxadiazine insecticide; structure in first source. insecticide : Strictly, a substance intended to kill members of the class Insecta. In common usage, any substance used for preventing, destroying, repelling or controlling insects.	2.6	1	0	methyl ester; organochlorine insecticide	voltage-gated sodium channel blocker
inositol 1-phosphate 1D-myo-inositol 1-phosphate : An inositol having myo- configuration substituted at position 1 by a phosphate group.	2.44	2	0
phosphites Phosphites: Inorganic salts or organic esters of phosphorous acid that contain the (3-)PO3 radical. (From Grant & Hackh's Chemical Dictionary, 5th ed). phosphite(3-) : A trivalent inorganic anion obtained by removal of all three protons from phosphorous acid.	2.04	1	0	phosphite ion; trivalent inorganic anion
benzamil [no description available]	2.03	1	0	guanidines; pyrazines
deoxyglucose Deoxyglucose: 2-Deoxy-D-arabino-hexose. An antimetabolite of glucose with antiviral activity.. deoxyglucose : A deoxyhexose comprising glucose having at least one hydroxy group replaced by hydrogen.	3.77	3	0
tanshinone tanshinone: from root of Salvia miltiorrhiza Bunge; RN given refers to tanshinone I; cardioprotective agent and neuroprotective agent	2.41	1	0	abietane diterpenoid	anticoronaviral agent
3'-o-(4-benzoyl)benzoyladenosine 5'-triphosphate 3'-O-(4-benzoyl)benzoyladenosine 5'-triphosphate: purinergic receptors agonist; structure given in first source	2.42	2	0	purine ribonucleoside triphosphate
prunasin prunasin: cyanogenic glycoside; RN given refers to cpd without isomeric designation	2.9	2	0	prunasin
ginsenoside rh2 ginsenoside Rh2: from leaves of Panax ginseng C; structure given in first source. (20S)-ginsenoside Rh2 : A ginsenoside found in Panax species that is dammarane which is substituted by hydroxy groups at the 3beta, 12beta and 20 pro-S positions, in which the hydroxy group at position 3 has been converted to the corresponding beta-D-glucopyranoside, and in which a double bond has been introduced at the 24-25 position.	2.69	2	0	12beta-hydroxy steroid; 20-hydroxy steroid; beta-D-glucoside; ginsenoside; tetracyclic triterpenoid	antineoplastic agent; apoptosis inducer; bone density conservation agent; cardioprotective agent; hepatoprotective agent; plant metabolite
lacto-n-neotetraose lacto-N-neotetraose: binds human cold agglutinin	3.01	2	0
pyridoxal 5'-diphospho-5'-adenosine pyridoxal 5'-diphospho-5'-adenosine: structure given in first source	3.49	2	0
methylthio-adp [no description available]	4.65	8	0
ribavirin 5'-triphosphate ribavirin 5'-triphosphate: structure given in first source. ribavirin 5'-triphosphate : A 1-ribosyltriazole that is ribavirin in which the hydroxy group at the 5'-position is replaced by a triphosphate group. It is the active metabolite of the antiviral agent ribavirin.	2.07	1	0	1-ribosyltriazole; aromatic amide; monocarboxylic acid amide; primary carboxamide; ribose triphosphate	antiviral agent; drug metabolite; EC 2.7.7.48 (RNA-directed RNA polymerase) inhibitor; eukaryotic initiation factor 4F inhibitor; human blood serum metabolite
1-ethyl-3-(3-(dimethylamino)propyl)carbodiimide methiodide [no description available]	1.96	1	0
dolichol-d-glucosylmonophosphate beta-D-glucose 1-phosphate : The beta-anomer of D-glucose 1-phosphate.	1.95	1	0	D-glucopyranose 1-phosphate
trehalose-6-phosphate [no description available]	2.02	1	0	trehalose phosphate	Escherichia coli metabolite
peroxynitrous acid Peroxynitrous Acid: A potent oxidant synthesized by the cell during its normal metabolism. Peroxynitrite is formed from the reaction of two free radicals, NITRIC OXIDE and the superoxide anion (SUPEROXIDES).	2.1	1	0	nitrogen oxoacid
gefitinib [no description available]	2.41	1	0	aromatic ether; monochlorobenzenes; monofluorobenzenes; morpholines; quinazolines; secondary amino compound; tertiary amino compound	antineoplastic agent; epidermal growth factor receptor antagonist
glycyl-arginyl-glycyl-aspartyl-serine glycyl-arginyl-glycyl-aspartyl-serine: synthetic peptide from fibronectins; inhibits experimental metastasis of murine melanoma cells	2	1	0
1-((3,5-dichloro)-2,6-dihydroxy-4-methoxyphenyl)-1-hexanone 1-((3,5-dichloro)-2,6-dihydroxy-4-methoxyphenyl)-1-hexanone: structure given in first source. 1-(3,5-dichloro-2,6-dihydroxy-4-methoxyphenyl)hexan-1-one : A differentiation-inducing factor that is hexaphenone bearing two chloro substituents at positions 3 and 5, two hydroxy substituents at positions 2 and 6 as well as a single methoxy substituent at position 4. A secreted, chlorinated molecule that controls cell fate during development of Dictyostelium cells.	2.05	1	0	dichlorobenzene; differentiation-inducing factor; monomethoxybenzene; resorcinols	eukaryotic metabolite; signalling molecule
galactose-1-phosphate alpha-D-galactose 1-phosphate : A D-galactopyranose 1-phosphate having alpha-configuration at the anomeric centre.	2.47	2	0	alpha-D-hexose 1-phosphate; D-galactopyranose 1-phosphate	Escherichia coli metabolite; mouse metabolite
n-cyano-n'-(2-nitroxyethyl)-3-pyridinecarboximidamide methanesulfonate N-cyano-N'-(2-nitroxyethyl)-3-pyridinecarboximidamide methanesulfonate: structure given in first source	2	1	0
ribavirin 5'-diphosphate ribavirin 5'-diphosphate : A 1-ribosyltriazole that is ribavirin in which the hydroxy group at the 5'-position is replaced by a diphosphate group. It is the metabolite of the antiviral agent ribavirin.	2.07	1	0	1-ribosyltriazole; aromatic amide; monocarboxylic acid amide; primary carboxamide; ribose diphosphate	antiviral agent; drug metabolite
glycerophosphoinositol 4,5-bisphosphate glycerophosphoinositol 4,5-bisphosphate: do not confuse with phosphatidylinositols which have fatty acids esterified at the C-1 and C-2 hydroxyl groups of glycerol	2.05	1	0
uridine diphosphopyridoxal uridine diphosphopyridoxal: structure given in first source	4.33	6	0
omega-n-methylarginine omega-N-Methylarginine: A competitive inhibitor of nitric oxide synthetase.. N(omega)-methyl-L-arginine : A L-arginine derivative with a N(omega)-methyl substituent.	2	1	0	amino acid zwitterion; arginine derivative; guanidines; L-arginine derivative; non-proteinogenic L-alpha-amino acid
2,3-diacetamido-2,3-dideoxymannuronic acid 2,3-diacetamido-2,3-dideoxymannuronic acid: from Pseudomonas aeruginosa lipopolysaccharide	2.05	1	0
xylose xylopyranose: structure in first source	8.73	10	0	D-xylose
beta-lactams 2-azetidinone: structure in first source. azetidin-2-one : An unsubstituted beta-lactam compound.. beta-lactam : A lactam in which the amide bond is contained within a four-membered ring, which includes the amide nitrogen and the carbonyl carbon.	2.6	1	0	beta-lactam antibiotic allergen; beta-lactam
proline Proline: A non-essential amino acid that is synthesized from GLUTAMIC ACID. It is an essential component of COLLAGEN and is important for proper functioning of joints and tendons.. proline : An alpha-amino acid that is pyrrolidine bearing a carboxy substituent at position 2.	5.12	2	1	amino acid zwitterion; glutamine family amino acid; L-alpha-amino acid; proline; proteinogenic amino acid	algal metabolite; compatible osmolytes; Escherichia coli metabolite; micronutrient; mouse metabolite; nutraceutical; Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite
cucurbitaceae Cucurbitaceae: The gourd plant family of the order Violales, subclass Dilleniidae, class Magnoliopsida. It is sometimes placed in its own order, Cucurbitales. 'Melon' generally refers to CUCUMIS; CITRULLUS; or MOMORDICA.	2.41	1	0
n-acetyltalosaminuronic acid N-acetyltalosaminuronic acid: partially comprises saccharide frame of pseudomurein; structure given in first source. N-acetyl-alpha-L-talosaminuronic acid : A carbohydrate acid derivative that is alpha-L-talosaminuronic acid in which the hydroxy group at position 2 is substituted by an acetamido group.	1.97	1	0	amino monosaccharide; carbohydrate acid derivative; hexuronic acid derivative
diquafosol diquafosol: purinoceptor P2Y(2) receptor agonist. P(1),P(4)-bis(uridin-5'-yl) tetraphosphate : A pyrimidine ribonucleoside 5'-tetraphosphate compound having 5'-uridinyl residues at the P(1)- and P(4)-positions.	2.95	4	0	pyrimidine ribonucleoside 5'-tetraphosphate; uridine 5'-phosphate	mouse metabolite; P2Y2 receptor agonist
ribitol-5-phosphate D-ribitol 5-phosphate : The 5-phospho derivative of D-ribitol.	2.17	1	0	ribitol 5-phosphate
n-acetylglucopyranosylamine N-acetylglucopyranosylamine: structure given in first source	2.02	1	0
phosphorodithioic acid dithiophosphoric acid : A phosphorothioic acid that is the phosphoric acid having two of its oxygen atoms replaced by sulfur atoms.	2.17	1	0	phosphorothioic acid
rhodioloside [no description available]	2.6	1	0	glycoside
cryptotanshinone cryptotanshinone: from Salvia miltiorrhiza	2.41	1	0	abietane diterpenoid	anticoronaviral agent
uridine diphosphate n-acetylmannosamine [no description available]	2.42	2	0	UDP-amino sugar
phosphoribofuranosylbarbituric acid [no description available]	2.03	1	0
thymidine 5'-diphosphate thymidine 5'-diphosphate: see also record for thymidine 3',5'-diphosphate, RN 2863-04-9. dTDP : A thymidine phosphate having a diphosphate group at the 5'-position.	2.41	2	0	pyrimidine 2'-deoxyribonucleoside 5'-diphosphate; thymidine phosphate	Escherichia coli metabolite; mouse metabolite
diadenosine triphosphate [no description available]	2.07	1	0	diadenosyl triphosphate	mouse metabolite
udp-glucosamine UDP-glucosamine: RN given refers to (alpha)-isomer. UDP-alpha-D-glucosamine : A UDP-amino sugar having alpha-D-glucosamine as the amino-sugar component.	2.47	2	0	UDP-amino sugar
boswellic acid boswellic acid: ursane type; RN given refers to (3alpha,4beta)-isomer; active principle of salai guggal; see also record for salai guggal	2.41	1	0	triterpenoid
biotin vitamin B7 : Any member of a group of vitamers that belong to the chemical structural class called biotins that exhibit biological activity against vitamin B7 deficiency. Vitamin B7 deficiency is very rare in individuals who take a normal balanced diet. Foods rich in biotin are egg yolk, liver, cereals, vegetables (spinach, mushrooms) and rice. Symptoms associated with vitamin B7 deficiency include thinning hair, scaly skin rashes around eyes, nose and mouth, and brittle nails. The vitamers include biotin and its ionized and salt forms.	2.02	1	0	biotins; vitamin B7	coenzyme; cofactor; Escherichia coli metabolite; fundamental metabolite; human metabolite; mouse metabolite; nutraceutical; prosthetic group; Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite
angiotensin ii Giapreza: injectable form of angiotensin II used to increase blood pressure in adult patients with septic or other distributive shock. Ile(5)-angiotensin II : An angiotensin II that acts on the central nervous system (PDB entry: 1N9V).	2.47	2	0	amino acid zwitterion; angiotensin II	human metabolite
udp-n-acetylglucosamine-enolpyruvate UDP-N-acetyl-3-O-(1-carboxyvinyl)-alpha-D-glucosamine : A UDP-N-acetyl-3-O-(1-carboxyvinyl)-D-glucosamine in which the anomeric centre of the glucosamine fragment has alpha-configuration.	1.98	1	0	UDP-N-acetyl-3-O-(1-carboxyvinyl)-D-glucosamine
sb 203580 [no description available]	2.31	1	0	imidazoles; monofluorobenzenes; pyridines; sulfoxide	EC 2.7.11.1 (non-specific serine/threonine protein kinase) inhibitor; EC 2.7.11.24 (mitogen-activated protein kinase) inhibitor; geroprotector; Hsp90 inhibitor; neuroprotective agent
zm 241385 ZM 241385: a high affinity radioligand selective for the A2a adenosine receptor	2	1	0	diamino-1,3,5-triazine
l 733560 L 733560: a semisynthetic pneumocandin; structure in first source	2	1	0
2'-deoxyadenosine triphosphate deoxyadenosine diphosphate: RN given refers to parent cpd.	1.96	1	0	2'-deoxyadenosine 5'-phosphate; purine 2'-deoxyribonucleoside 5'-diphosphate	Escherichia coli metabolite; human metabolite; mouse metabolite
uridine 5'-tetraphosphate [no description available]	2.04	1	0
maltotriose Porcelite: a light-cured composite resin. alpha-maltotriose : A maltotriose trisaccharide in which the glucose residue at the reducing end is in the pyranose ring form and has alpha configuration at the anomeric carbon atom..	1.98	1	0	maltotriose trisaccharide	human metabolite
n-acetylchondrosine N-acetylchondrosine: contains 2-amino-2-deoxyhexose & uronic acid moieties	6.94	1	0	carbohydrates and carbohydrate derivatives
2,3-diacetamido-2,3-dideoxy-glucuronic acid 2,3-diacetamido-2,3-dideoxy-glucuronic acid: acidic amino sugar from Pseudomonas aeruginosa type O6 lipopolysaccharide	2.6	1	0
sorafenib [no description available]	2.82	2	0	(trifluoromethyl)benzenes; aromatic ether; monochlorobenzenes; phenylureas; pyridinecarboxamide	angiogenesis inhibitor; anticoronaviral agent; antineoplastic agent; EC 2.7.11.1 (non-specific serine/threonine protein kinase) inhibitor; ferroptosis inducer; tyrosine kinase inhibitor
erythritol [no description available]	2.11	1	0	butane-1,2,3,4-tetrol	antioxidant; human metabolite; plant metabolite
lanosterol [no description available]	2.17	1	0	14alpha-methyl steroid; 3beta-sterol; tetracyclic triterpenoid	bacterial metabolite; human metabolite; mouse metabolite; plant metabolite; Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite
benzofurans Benzofurans: Compounds that contain a BENZENE ring fused to a furan ring.	2.07	1	0
wortmannin [no description available]	2.41	2	0	acetate ester; cyclic ketone; delta-lactone; organic heteropentacyclic compound	anticoronaviral agent; antineoplastic agent; autophagy inhibitor; EC 2.7.1.137 (phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase) inhibitor; geroprotector; Penicillium metabolite; radiosensitizing agent
glycogen glycogen : A polydisperse, highly branched glucan composed of chains of D-glucopyranose residues in alpha(1->4) glycosidic linkage, joined together by alpha(1->6) glycosidic linkages. A small number of alpha(1->3) glycosidic linkages and some cumulative alpha(1->6) links also may occur. The branches in glycogen typically contain 8 to 12 glucose residues.	3.35	7	0
ribulose 5-phosphate ribulose 5-phosphate: RN given refers to cpd without isomeric designation. D-ribulose 5-phosphate : The D-enantiomer of ribulose 5-phosphate that is one of the end-products of the pentose phosphate pathway.. ribulose 5-phosphate : A ribulose phosphate in which the phosphate group is attached at position 5.	1.98	1	0	ribulose 5-phosphate	mouse metabolite
sorbose sorbopyranose : The pyranose form of sorbose.. L-sorbopyranose : The L-stereoisomer of sorbopyranose.	1.97	1	0	L-sorbose; sorbopyranose
arabinose [no description available]	9.01	4	0	L-arabinose	Escherichia coli metabolite; mouse metabolite
n-acetylneuraminic acid N-Acetylneuraminic Acid: An N-acyl derivative of neuraminic acid. N-acetylneuraminic acid occurs in many polysaccharides, glycoproteins, and glycolipids in animals and bacteria. (From Dorland, 28th ed, p1518). N-acetylneuraminic acid : An N-acylneuraminic acid where the N-acyl group is specified as acetyl.	3.18	5	0	N-acetylneuraminic acids	antioxidant; bacterial metabolite; EC 3.2.1.18 (exo-alpha-sialidase) inhibitor; human metabolite; mouse metabolite
bradykinin [no description available]	2.69	3	0	oligopeptide	human blood serum metabolite; vasodilator agent
glucosamine D-glucosamine : An amino sugar whose structure comprises D-glucose having an amino substituent at position 2.. 2-amino-2-deoxy-D-glucopyranose : A D-glucosamine whose structure comprises D-glucopyranose having an amino substituent at position 2.	5.44	20	0	D-glucosamine	Escherichia coli metabolite; geroprotector; mouse metabolite
polygalacturonic acid galacturonic acid: N1 same as NM; RN given refers to parent cpd with unspecified isomeric designation. D-galactopyranuronic acid : The pyranose form of D-galacturonic acid. D-galacturonic acid : The D-enantiomer of galacturonic acid. It is the main component of pectin.	2.34	2	0	D-galacturonic acid
glucosamine 6-phosphate glucosamine 6-phosphate: RN given refers to parent cpd	2.02	1	0	2-amino-2-deoxy-D-glucopyranose 6-phosphate	human metabolite; Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite
epiglucan epiglucan: a highly side-chain/branched alkali-insoluble cell wall glucan from fungus such as Epicoccum nigrum, Botrytis cinerea, ascomycetes & basidiomycetes; also isolated S-4001 from Lei Wan (polyporus mylitiae), HA-beta-glucan from mushroom Pleutotus ostreatus (Fr.) Quel., and translam from seaweed Laminaria cichorioides; with commercially important functional properties including emulsification and friction reduction.	4.43	6	0
n-acetyllactosamine N-acetyllactosamine: RN given refers to D-isomer. N-acetyllactosamine : A beta-D-galactopyranosyl-(1->4)-N-acetyl-D-glucosamine having beta-configuration at the reducing end anomeric centre.	3.81	3	0	beta-D-Galp-(1->4)-D-GlcpNAc
laminaran beta-1,3-glucan: component of fungal cell walls; also used as antitumor polysaccharide; unspecified D usually means BETA-GLUCANS; beta-1,3-D-glucan is also available; glucan phosphate is also available; biosynthesis is inhibited by echinocandins (cyclic hexapeptides). laminarin : A polysaccharide composed of beta-(1->3)-linked glucose residues containing sporadic beta-(1->6)-linkages as branch points or inter-residue linkages and 2-3% D-mannitol at some reducing termini.	2.47	2	0
inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate Inositol 1,4,5-Trisphosphate: Intracellular messenger formed by the action of phospholipase C on phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate, which is one of the phospholipids that make up the cell membrane. Inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate is released into the cytoplasm where it releases calcium ions from internal stores within the cell's endoplasmic reticulum. These calcium ions stimulate the activity of B kinase or calmodulin.	2.71	3	0	myo-inositol trisphosphate	mouse metabolite
cholesteryl glucoside cholesteryl glucoside: RN given refers to cpd without isomeric designation	2.06	1	0	monosaccharide derivative; sterol 3-beta-D-glucoside
nitro-bis(2,4-pentanedionato)(pyridine)cobalt(iii) nitro-bis(2,4-pentanedionato)(pyridine)cobalt(III): structure given in first source. P(1),P(5)-bis(5'-adenosyl) pentaphosphate : A diadenosyl pentaphosphate having the two 5'-adenosyl residues attached at the P(1)- and P(5)-positions.	2.07	1	0	diadenosyl pentaphosphate	Escherichia coli metabolite; vasoconstrictor agent
n-acetylglucosamine-6-sulfate N-acetyl-beta-D-glucosamine 6-sulfate : An amino monosaccharide that consists of N-acetyl-beta-D-glucosamine substituted at position 6 by a sulfo group.	2.01	1	0	amino monosaccharide; glucosamine sulfate
1-o-indol-3-ylacetylglucose [no description available]	2.37	2	0	indoleacetic acid ester conjugate; indolyl carbohydrate
adenosine 5'-o-(3-thiotriphosphate) adenosine 5'-O-(3-thiotriphosphate): RN given refers to cpd with unspecified locant for thio group; see also records for 1-thio & 2-thio-isomers. adenosine 5'-[gamma-thio]triphosphate : A nucleoside triphosphate analogue that is ATP in which one of the oxygens attached to 3-phosphate group is replaced by sulfur.	4.61	8	0	nucleoside triphosphate analogue
fructans (2->6)-beta-D-fructan : A fructan compound consisting of repeating (2->6)-beta-linked fructofuranose units.	2.05	1	0
monensin Monensin: An antiprotozoal agent produced by Streptomyces cinnamonensis. It exerts its effect during the development of first-generation trophozoites into first-generation schizonts within the intestinal epithelial cells. It does not interfere with hosts' development of acquired immunity to the majority of coccidial species. Monensin is a sodium and proton selective ionophore and is widely used as such in biochemical studies.. monensin A : A spiroketal, monensin A is the major component of monensin, a mixture of antibiotic substances produced by Streptomyces cinnamonensis. An antiprotozoal, it is used as the sodium salt as a feed additive for the prevention of coccidiosis in poultry and as a growth promoter in cattle.	1.96	1	0	cyclic hemiketal; monocarboxylic acid; polyether antibiotic; spiroketal	antifungal agent; coccidiostat; ionophore
mycothiol mycothiol: a glyco-inositol-cysteine found in MYCOBACTERIUM BOVIS which conjugates exogenous compounds for detoxication; it is a microbe counterpart to eucaryotic GLUTATHIONE; acted on by mycothiol disulfide reductase and mycothiol S-conjugate amidase and MDF dehydrogenase;. mycothiol S-conjugate : Any S-conjugate of mycothiol.. mycothiol : A pseudodisaccharide, 1D-myo-inosityl-alpha-D-glucopyranoside, in which the hydroxy group at the 2-position of the glucose moiety is replaced by an (N-acetyl-L-cysteinyl)amido group.	2.44	2	0
ryanodine Ryanodine: A methylpyrrole-carboxylate from RYANIA that disrupts the RYANODINE RECEPTOR CALCIUM RELEASE CHANNEL to modify CALCIUM release from SARCOPLASMIC RETICULUM resulting in alteration of MUSCLE CONTRACTION. It was previously used in INSECTICIDES. It is used experimentally in conjunction with THAPSIGARGIN and other inhibitors of CALCIUM ATPASE uptake of calcium into SARCOPLASMIC RETICULUM.. ryanodine : An insecticide alkaloid isolated from South American plant Ryania speciosa.	2	1	0
ginsenoside rg1 [no description available]	2.17	1	0	12beta-hydroxy steroid; 3beta-hydroxy-4,4-dimethylsteroid; beta-D-glucoside; ginsenoside; tetracyclic triterpenoid	neuroprotective agent; pro-angiogenic agent
2-(2-phenylethyl)chromone 2-(2-phenylethyl)chromone: from Aquilaria sinensis; structure given in first source. 2-(2-phenylethyl)chromone : A member of the class of chromones that is chromone which is substituted by a 2-phenylethyl group at position 2. It is found in agarwood, a fragrant resinous heartwood obtained from certain trees in the genus Aquilaria.	2.6	1	0	benzenes; chromones	plant metabolite
stevioside stevioside: Kaurene glucoside from leaves of Stevia rebaudiana; 300 times as sweet as sugar. stevioside : A diterpene glycoside that is rubusoside in which the hydroxy group at position 2 of the allylic beta-D-glucoside has been converted to the corresponding beta-D-glucoside. It is a natural herbal sweetener that is 250-300 times sweeter than sucrose (though with a bitter aftertaste), extracted from the Stevia rebaudiana plant native to South America.. diterpene glycoside : A terpene glycoside in which the terpene moiety is a diterpenoid.	3.69	8	0	beta-D-glucoside; bridged compound; diterpene glycoside; ent-kaurane diterpenoid; tetracyclic diterpenoid	anti-inflammatory agent; antineoplastic agent; antioxidant; hypoglycemic agent; plant metabolite; sweetening agent
lignans Lignans: A class of dibenzylbutane derivatives which occurs in higher plants and in fluids (bile, serum, urine, etc.) in man and other animals. These compounds, which have a potential anti-cancer role, can be synthesized in vitro by human fecal flora. (From Singleton & Sainsbury, Dictionary of Microbiology and Molecular Biology, 2d ed)	2.41	1	0
2-c-methylerythritol 4-phosphate 2-C-methylerythritol 4-phosphate: structure in first source	2.11	1	0	tetritol phosphate	Escherichia coli metabolite
n-formylmethionine leucyl-phenylalanine N-Formylmethionine Leucyl-Phenylalanine: A formylated tripeptide originally isolated from bacterial filtrates that is positively chemotactic to polymorphonuclear leucocytes, and causes them to release lysosomal enzymes and become metabolically activated.. N-formyl-L-methionyl-L-leucyl-L-phenylalanine : A tripeptide composed of L-Met, L-Leu and L-Phe in a linear sequence with a formyl group at the amino terminus. It acts as a potent inducer of leucocyte chemotaxis and macrophage activator as well as a ligand for the FPR receptor.	1.97	1	0	tripeptide
acetyl coenzyme a Acetyl Coenzyme A: Acetyl CoA participates in the biosynthesis of fatty acids and sterols, in the oxidation of fatty acids and in the metabolism of many amino acids. It also acts as a biological acetylating agent.	2.8	3	0	acyl-CoA	acyl donor; coenzyme; effector; fundamental metabolite
trichostatin a trichostatin A: chelates zinc ion in the active site of histone deacetylases, resulting in preventing histone unpacking so DNA is less available for transcription; do not confuse with TRICHOSANTHIN which is a protein; found in STREPTOMYCES	2.05	1	0	antibiotic antifungal agent; hydroxamic acid; trichostatin	bacterial metabolite; EC 3.5.1.98 (histone deacetylase) inhibitor; geroprotector
tretinoin Tretinoin: An important regulator of GENE EXPRESSION during growth and development, and in NEOPLASMS. Tretinoin, also known as retinoic acid and derived from maternal VITAMIN A, is essential for normal GROWTH; and EMBRYONIC DEVELOPMENT. An excess of tretinoin can be teratogenic. It is used in the treatment of PSORIASIS; ACNE VULGARIS; and several other SKIN DISEASES. It has also been approved for use in promyelocytic leukemia (LEUKEMIA, PROMYELOCYTIC, ACUTE).. retinoic acid : A retinoid consisting of 3,7-dimethylnona-2,4,6,8-tetraenoic acid substituted at position 9 by a 2,6,6-trimethylcyclohex-1-en-1-yl group (geometry of the four exocyclic double bonds is not specified).. all-trans-retinoic acid : A retinoic acid in which all four exocyclic double bonds have E- (trans-) geometry.	2.41	2	0	retinoic acid; vitamin A	anti-inflammatory agent; antineoplastic agent; antioxidant; AP-1 antagonist; human metabolite; keratolytic drug; retinoic acid receptor agonist; retinoid X receptor agonist; signalling molecule
arachidonic acid icosa-5,8,11,14-tetraenoic acid : Any icosatetraenoic acid with the double bonds at positions 5, 8, 11 and 14.. arachidonate : A long-chain fatty acid anion resulting from the removal of a proton from the carboxy group of arachidonic acid.	2.69	3	0	icosa-5,8,11,14-tetraenoic acid; long-chain fatty acid; omega-6 fatty acid	Daphnia galeata metabolite; EC 3.1.1.1 (carboxylesterase) inhibitor; human metabolite; mouse metabolite
resveratrol trans-resveratrol : A resveratrol in which the double bond has E configuration.	2.58	2	0	resveratrol	antioxidant; phytoalexin; plant metabolite; quorum sensing inhibitor; radical scavenger
ribothymidine ribothymidine : A methyluridine having a single methyl substituent at the 5-position on the uracil ring.	2.07	1	0	methyluridine	antigen; Escherichia coli metabolite; human metabolite
tacrolimus Tacrolimus: A macrolide isolated from the culture broth of a strain of Streptomyces tsukubaensis that has strong immunosuppressive activity in vivo and prevents the activation of T-lymphocytes in response to antigenic or mitogenic stimulation in vitro.. tacrolimus (anhydrous) : A macrolide lactam containing a 23-membered lactone ring, originally isolated from the fermentation broth of a Japanese soil sample that contained the bacteria Streptomyces tsukubaensis.	2.02	1	0	macrolide lactam	bacterial metabolite; immunosuppressive agent
farnesyl pyrophosphate farnesyl pyrophosphate: a sesquiterpene that dimerizes to SQUALENE; RN given refers to cpd without isomeric designation. 2-trans,6-trans-farnesyl diphosphate : The trans,trans-stereoisomer of farnesyl diphosphate.	1.97	1	0	farnesyl diphosphate	Escherichia coli metabolite; mouse metabolite
ferulic acid ferulate : A monocarboxylic acid anion obtained by the deprotonation of the carboxy group of ferulic acid.	2	1	0	ferulic acids	anti-inflammatory agent; antioxidant; apoptosis inhibitor; cardioprotective agent; MALDI matrix material; plant metabolite
pectins Pectins: High molecular weight polysaccharides present in the cell walls of all plants. Pectins cement cell walls together. They are used as emulsifiers and stabilizers in the food industry. They have been tried for a variety of therapeutic uses including as antidiarrheals, where they are now generally considered ineffective, and in the treatment of hypercholesterolemia.. alpha-D-galacturonic acid : The alpha-anomer of D-galacturonic acid.	2.41	1	0	D-galactopyranuronic acid
thapsigargin Thapsigargin: A sesquiterpene lactone found in roots of THAPSIA. It inhibits SARCOPLASMIC RETICULUM CALCIUM-TRANSPORTING ATPASES.. thapsigargin : An organic heterotricyclic compound that is a hexa-oxygenated 6,7-guaianolide isolated fron the roots of Thapsia garganica L., Apiaceae. A potent skin irritant, it is used in traditional medicine as a counter-irritant. Thapsigargin inhibits Ca(2+)-transporting ATPase mediated uptake of calcium ions into sarcoplasmic reticulum and is used in experimentation examining the impacts of increasing cytosolic calcium concentrations.	3.26	6	0	butyrate ester; organic heterotricyclic compound; sesquiterpene lactone	calcium channel blocker; EC 3.6.3.8 (Ca(2+)-transporting ATPase) inhibitor
mycophenolic acid Mycophenolic Acid: Compound derived from Penicillium stoloniferum and related species. It blocks de novo biosynthesis of purine nucleotides by inhibition of the enzyme inosine monophosphate dehydrogenase (IMP DEHYDROGENASE). Mycophenolic acid exerts selective effects on the immune system in which it prevents the proliferation of T-CELLS, LYMPHOCYTES, and the formation of antibodies from B-CELLS. It may also inhibit recruitment of LEUKOCYTES to sites of INFLAMMATION.. mycophenolate : A monocarboxylic acid anion resulting from the removal of a proton from the carboxy group of mycophenolic acid.. mycophenolic acid : A member of the class of 2-benzofurans that is 2-benzofuran-1(3H)-one which is substituted at positions 4, 5, 6, and 7 by methyl, methoxy, (2E)-5-carboxy-3-methylpent-2-en-1-yl, and hydroxy groups, respectively. It is an antibiotic produced by Penicillium brevi-compactum, P. stoloniferum, P. echinulatum and related species. An immunosuppressant, it is widely used (partiularly as its sodium salt and as the 2-(morpholin-4-yl)ethyl ester prodrug, mycophenolate mofetil) to prevent tissue rejection following organ transplants and for the treatment of certain autoimmune diseases.	2.02	1	0	2-benzofurans; gamma-lactone; monocarboxylic acid; phenols	anticoronaviral agent; antimicrobial agent; antineoplastic agent; EC 1.1.1.205 (IMP dehydrogenase) inhibitor; environmental contaminant; immunosuppressive agent; mycotoxin; Penicillium metabolite; xenobiotic
keratan sulfate Keratan Sulfate: A sulfated mucopolysaccharide initially isolated from bovine cornea. At least two types are known. Type I, found mostly in the cornea, contains D-galactose and D-glucosamine-6-O-sulfate as the repeating unit; type II, found in skeletal tissues, contains D-galactose and D-galactosamine-6-O-sulfate as the repeating unit.. keratan sulfate : A sulfated glycosaminoglycan, a linear polymer that consists of the repeating disaccharide [3)-beta-Gal-(1->4)-beta-GlcNAc-(1->] and containing sulfo groups located at random positions.. keratan 6'-sulfate : A keratan sulfate with random sulfation at the 6'-position.	2.72	3	0
mdl29,951 [no description available]	2.1	1	0
cytidine monophosphate n-acetylneuraminic acid Cytidine Monophosphate N-Acetylneuraminic Acid: A nucleoside monophosphate sugar which donates N-acetylneuraminic acid to the terminal sugar of a ganglioside or glycoprotein.. CMP-N-acetyl-beta-neuraminic acid : A nucleotide sugar used as a donor by glycosyltransferases for the synthesis of sugar chains	1.96	1	0	CMP-N-acyl-beta-neuraminic acid	mouse metabolite
adenosine-5'-(n-ethylcarboxamide) Adenosine-5'-(N-ethylcarboxamide): A stable adenosine A1 and A2 receptor agonist. Experimentally, it inhibits cAMP and cGMP phosphodiesterase activity.. N-ethyl-5'-carboxamidoadenosine : A derivative of adenosine in which the 5'-hydroxymethyl group is replaced by an N-ethylcarboxamido group.	2.01	1	0	adenosines; monocarboxylic acid amide	adenosine A1 receptor agonist; adenosine A2A receptor agonist; antineoplastic agent; EC 3.1.4.* (phosphoric diester hydrolase) inhibitor; vasodilator agent
prostaglandin d2 Prostaglandin D2: The principal cyclooxygenase metabolite of arachidonic acid. It is released upon activation of mast cells and is also synthesized by alveolar macrophages. Among its many biological actions, the most important are its bronchoconstrictor, platelet-activating-factor-inhibitory, and cytotoxic effects.. prostaglandin D2 : A member of the class of prostaglandins D that is prosta-5,13-dien-1-oic acid substituted by hydroxy groups at positions 9 and 15 and an oxo group at position 11 (the 5Z,9alpha,13E,15S- stereoisomer).	2.01	1	0	prostaglandins D	human metabolite; mouse metabolite
zeatin Zeatin: An aminopurine factor in plant extracts that induces cell division. (Grant & Hackh's Chemical Dict, 5th ed)	1.97	1	0	zeatin	plant metabolite
decitabine [no description available]	3.99	1	1	2'-deoxyribonucleoside
steviol steviol: aglucon of stevioside; RN given refers to (4alpha)-isomer. steviol : An ent-kaurane diterpenoid that is 5beta,8alpha,9beta,10alpha-kaur-16-en-18-oic acid in which the hydrogen at position 13 has been replaced by a hydroxy group.	3.22	5	0	bridged compound; ent-kaurane diterpenoid; monocarboxylic acid; tertiary allylic alcohol; tetracyclic diterpenoid	antineoplastic agent
dactinomycin Dactinomycin: A compound composed of a two CYCLIC PEPTIDES attached to a phenoxazine that is derived from STREPTOMYCES parvullus. It binds to DNA and inhibits RNA synthesis (transcription), with chain elongation more sensitive than initiation, termination, or release. As a result of impaired mRNA production, protein synthesis also declines after dactinomycin therapy. (From AMA Drug Evaluations Annual, 1993, p2015)	2.39	2	0	actinomycin	mutagen
2'-c-methylcytidine 2'-C-methylcytidine: structure in first source	2.04	1	0
n-fluorobenzenesulfonimide N-fluorobenzenesulfonimide: structure in first source	2.1	1	0
glycosides [no description available]	10.93	29	0
isomethyleugenol Methylation: Addition of methyl groups. In histo-chemistry methylation is used to esterify carboxyl groups and remove sulfate groups by treating tissue sections with hot methanol in the presence of hydrochloric acid. (From Stedman, 25th ed)	4.36	6	0	isomethyleugenol
stilbenes Stilbenes: Organic compounds that contain 1,2-diphenylethylene as a functional group.. trans-stilbene : The trans-isomer of stilbene.	2.11	1	0	stilbene
coumestan coumestan: structure in first source. coumestan : A member of the class of coumestans that is 6H-[1]benzofuro[3,2-c]chromene substituted by an oxo group at position 6.	2.13	1	0	coumestans; delta-lactone	phytoestrogen; plant metabolite
flavin-adenine dinucleotide Flavin-Adenine Dinucleotide: A condensation product of riboflavin and adenosine diphosphate. The coenzyme of various aerobic dehydrogenases, e.g., D-amino acid oxidase and L-amino acid oxidase. (Lehninger, Principles of Biochemistry, 1982, p972)	2.91	4	0	flavin adenine dinucleotide; vitamin B2	cofactor; Escherichia coli metabolite; human metabolite; mouse metabolite; prosthetic group
pyrophosphate Diphosphates: Inorganic salts of phosphoric acid that contain two phosphate groups.	4.12	16	0	diphosphate ion
palmitoyl coenzyme a Palmitoyl Coenzyme A: A fatty acid coenzyme derivative which plays a key role in fatty acid oxidation and biosynthesis.. palmitoyl-CoA : A long-chain fatty acyl-CoA resulting from the formal condensation of the carboxy group of hexadecanoic acid with the thiol group of coenzyme A.	2.43	2	0	11,12-saturated fatty acyl-CoA; 3-substituted propionyl-CoA; long-chain fatty acyl-CoA; palmitoyl bioconjugate	Escherichia coli metabolite; mouse metabolite
sesquiterpenes [no description available]	1.97	1	0
mercaptopurine Mercaptopurine: An antimetabolite antineoplastic agent with immunosuppressant properties. It interferes with nucleic acid synthesis by inhibiting purine metabolism and is used, usually in combination with other drugs, in the treatment of or in remission maintenance programs for leukemia.. purine-6-thiol : A thiol that is the tautomer of mercaptopurine.. mercaptopurine : A member of the class of purines that is 6,7-dihydro-1H-purine carrying a thione group at position 6. An adenine analogue, it is used in the treatment of acute lymphocytic leukemia (ALL), chronic myeloid leukemia (CML), Crohn's disease, and ulcerative colitis.	1.95	1	0	aryl thiol; purines; thiocarbonyl compound	anticoronaviral agent; antimetabolite; antineoplastic agent
caffeic acid trans-caffeic acid : The trans-isomer of caffeic acid.	2	1	0	caffeic acid	geroprotector; mouse metabolite
cid755673 CID755673: a potent and selective inhibitor of protein kinase D; structure in first source	2.07	1	0	benzofurans
cotinine Cotinine: The N-glucuronide conjugate of cotinine is a major urinary metabolite of NICOTINE. It thus serves as a biomarker of exposure to tobacco SMOKING. It has CNS stimulating properties.. (-)-cotinine : An N-alkylpyrrolidine that consists of N-methylpyrrolidinone bearing a pyridin-3-yl substituent at position C-5 (the 5S-enantiomer). It is an alkaloid commonly found in Nicotiana tabacum.	2.01	1	0	N-alkylpyrrolidine; pyridines; pyrrolidin-2-ones; pyrrolidine alkaloid	antidepressant; biomarker; human xenobiotic metabolite; plant metabolite
curcumin Curcumin: A yellow-orange dye obtained from tumeric, the powdered root of CURCUMA longa. It is used in the preparation of curcuma paper and the detection of boron. Curcumin appears to possess a spectrum of pharmacological properties, due primarily to its inhibitory effects on metabolic enzymes.. curcumin : A beta-diketone that is methane in which two of the hydrogens are substituted by feruloyl groups. A natural dyestuff found in the root of Curcuma longa.	2.41	1	0	aromatic ether; beta-diketone; diarylheptanoid; enone; polyphenol	anti-inflammatory agent; antifungal agent; antineoplastic agent; biological pigment; contraceptive drug; dye; EC 1.1.1.205 (IMP dehydrogenase) inhibitor; EC 1.1.1.21 (aldehyde reductase) inhibitor; EC 1.1.1.25 (shikimate dehydrogenase) inhibitor; EC 1.6.5.2 [NAD(P)H dehydrogenase (quinone)] inhibitor; EC 1.8.1.9 (thioredoxin reductase) inhibitor; EC 2.7.10.2 (non-specific protein-tyrosine kinase) inhibitor; EC 3.5.1.98 (histone deacetylase) inhibitor; flavouring agent; food colouring; geroprotector; hepatoprotective agent; immunomodulator; iron chelator; ligand; lipoxygenase inhibitor; metabolite; neuroprotective agent; nutraceutical; radical scavenger
coniferyl alcohol coniferyl alcohol: structure. coniferol : A phenylpropanoid that is one of the main monolignols, produced by the reduction of the carboxy functional group in cinnamic acid and the addition of a hydroxy and a methoxy substituent to the aromatic ring.	1.96	1	0	guaiacols; phenylpropanoid	animal metabolite; monolignol; mouse metabolite; pheromone; plant metabolite; volatile oil component
chlorogenic acid caffeoylquinic acid: Antiviral Agent; structure in first source. chlorogenate : A monocarboxylic acid anion that is the conjugate base of chlorogenic acid; major species at pH 7.3.	2.13	1	0	cinnamate ester; tannin	food component; plant metabolite
thioguanine anhydrous Thioguanine: An antineoplastic compound which also has antimetabolite action. The drug is used in the therapy of acute leukemia.. tioguanine : A 2-aminopurine that is the 6-thiono derivative of 2-amino-1,9-dihydro-6H-purine. Incorporates into DNA and inhibits synthesis. Used in the treatment of leukaemia.	1.95	1	0	2-aminopurines	anticoronaviral agent; antimetabolite; antineoplastic agent
thiourea Thiourea: A photographic fixative used also in the manufacture of resins. According to the Fourth Annual Report on Carcinogens (NTP 85-002, 1985), this substance may reasonably be anticipated to be a carcinogen (Merck Index, 9th ed). Many of its derivatives are ANTITHYROID AGENTS and/or FREE RADICAL SCAVENGERS.. thiourea : The simplest member of the thiourea class, consisting of urea with the oxygen atom substituted by sulfur.	3.52	7	0	one-carbon compound; thioureas; ureas	antioxidant; chromophore
D-fructopyranose [no description available]	3.39	7	0	cyclic hemiketal; D-fructose; fructopyranose	sweetening agent
tempo TEMPO: structure. TEMPO : A member of the class of aminoxyls that is piperidine that carries an oxidanediyl group at position 1 and methyl groups at positions 2, 2, 6, and 6, respectively.	2.03	1	0	aminoxyls; piperidines	catalyst; ferroptosis inhibitor; radical scavenger
brij-58 Cetomacrogol: Non-ionic surfactant of the polyethylene glycol family. It is used as a solubilizer and emulsifying agent in foods, cosmetics, and pharmaceuticals, often as an ointment base, and also as a research tool.	2	1	0
selectfluor selectfluor: structure in first source	2.1	1	0
nadp [no description available]	3.41	7	0
krn 7000 KRN 7000: has an alpha-galactosylceramide structure; structure given in first source. alpha-galactosylceramide : A galactosylceramide in which the galactosyl residue has alpha anomeric conofiguration.. 1-O-(alpha-D-galactosyl)-N-hexacosanoylphytosphingosine : A glycophytoceramide having an alpha-D-galactosyl residue at the O-1 position and a hexacosanoyl group attached to the nitrogen.	2.41	1	0	glycophytoceramide; N-acyl-beta-D-galactosylphytosphingosine	allergen; antigen; antineoplastic agent; epitope; immunological adjuvant
thiouridine Thiouridine: A photoactivable URIDINE analog that is used as an affinity label.. 4-thiouridine : A thiouridine in which the oxygen replaced by sulfur is that at C-4.	1.99	1	0	nucleoside analogue; thiouridine	affinity label; antimetabolite
4-thiouridine triphosphate [no description available]	2.06	1	0
1,2-bis(2-aminophenoxy)ethane n,n,n',n'-tetraacetic acid acetoxymethyl ester [no description available]	2.42	2	0
4-amino-4-deoxyarabinose [no description available]	2.42	2	0
phosphoglyceroyl-atp phosphoglyceroyl-ATP: structure given in first source	1.97	1	0
uridine diphosphate arabinose uridine diphosphate arabinose: RN given refers to (L)-isomer	2.17	1	0
udp-n-acetylglucosaminuronic acid UDP-N-acetylglucosaminuronic acid: found in Micrococcus luteus	2.44	2	0
ginsenosides ginsenoside : Triterpenoid saponins with a dammarane-like skeleton originally isolated from ginseng (Panax) species. Use of the term has been extended to include semi-synthetic derivatives.	3.82	9	0
phosphothreonine Phosphothreonine: The phosphoric acid ester of threonine. Used as an identifier in the analysis of peptides, proteins, and enzymes.. O-phospho-L-threonine : A L-threonine derivative phosphorylated at the side-chain hydroxy function.	1.97	1	0	L-threonine derivative; non-proteinogenic L-alpha-amino acid; O-phosphoamino acid	Escherichia coli metabolite
ovalbumin Ovalbumin: An albumin obtained from the white of eggs. It is a member of the serpin superfamily.	2.13	1	0
6-cyano-7-nitroquinoxaline-2,3-dione 6-Cyano-7-nitroquinoxaline-2,3-dione: A potent excitatory amino acid antagonist with a preference for non-NMDA iontropic receptors. It is used primarily as a research tool.	2.93	1	0	quinoxaline derivative
ocotillol ocotillol: cardioprotective agent; structure in first source	2.6	1	0
mrs 2219 MRS 2219: P2X1 receptor agonist; structure in first source	3.11	1	0
2',3'-dialdehyde atp 2',3'-dialdehyde ATP: RN given refers to (R-(R,R))-isomer; OATP also stands for organic anion-transporting polypeptides	2.02	1	0
osteoprotegerin Osteoprotegerin: A secreted member of the TNF receptor superfamily that negatively regulates osteoclastogenesis. It is a soluble decoy receptor of RANK LIGAND that inhibits both CELL DIFFERENTIATION and function of OSTEOCLASTS by inhibiting the interaction between RANK LIGAND and RECEPTOR ACTIVATOR OF NUCLEAR FACTOR-KAPPA B.	2.02	1	0	long-chain fatty acid
rhodamine 123 Rhodamine 123: A fluorescent probe with low toxicity which is a potent substrate for ATP BINDING CASSETTE TRANSPORTER, SUBFAMILY B, MEMBER 1 and the bacterial multidrug efflux transporter. It is used to assess mitochondrial bioenergetics in living cells and to measure the efflux activity of ATP BINDING CASSETTE TRANSPORTER, SUBFAMILY B, MEMBER 1 in both normal and malignant cells. (Leukemia 1997;11(7):1124-30). rhodamine 123(1+) : A cationic fluorescent dye derived from 9-phenylxanthene.	1.99	1	0	organic cation; xanthene dye	fluorochrome
sphingosine sphing-4-enine : A sphingenine in which the C=C double bond is located at the 4-position.. sphingenine : A 2-aminooctadecene-1,3-diol having (2S,3R)-configuration.. sphingoid : Sphinganine, its homologs and stereoisomers, and the hydroxy and unsaturated derivatives of these compounds.. 2-aminooctadec-4-ene-1,3-diol : A 2-aminooctadecene-1,3-diol having its double bond at position 4.	2.7	3	0	sphing-4-enine	human metabolite; mouse metabolite
quercetin [no description available]	3.54	7	0	7-hydroxyflavonol; pentahydroxyflavone	antibacterial agent; antineoplastic agent; antioxidant; Aurora kinase inhibitor; chelator; EC 1.10.99.2 [ribosyldihydronicotinamide dehydrogenase (quinone)] inhibitor; geroprotector; phytoestrogen; plant metabolite; protein kinase inhibitor; radical scavenger
bilirubin [no description available]	8.6	9	0	biladienes; dicarboxylic acid	antioxidant; human metabolite; mouse metabolite
dinoprostone prostaglandin E2 : Prostaglandin F2alpha in which the hydroxy group at position 9 has been oxidised to the corresponding ketone. Prostaglandin E2 is the most common and most biologically potent of mammalian prostaglandins.	2.41	1	0	prostaglandins E	human metabolite; mouse metabolite; oxytocic
coniferin coniferin : A monosaccharide derivative that is coniferol attached to a beta-D-glucopyranosyl residue at position 1 via a glycosidic linkage.	1.96	1	0	aromatic ether; cinnamyl alcohol beta-D-glucoside; monosaccharide derivative	plant metabolite
scopoletin [no description available]	2.47	2	0	hydroxycoumarin	plant growth regulator; plant metabolite
11-cis-retinal Rhodopsin: A purplish-red, light-sensitive pigment found in RETINAL ROD CELLS of most vertebrates. It is a complex consisting of a molecule of ROD OPSIN and a molecule of 11-cis retinal (RETINALDEHYDE). Rhodopsin exhibits peak absorption wavelength at about 500 nm.. 11-cis-retinal : A retinal having 2E,4Z,6E,8E-double bond geometry.	2.38	2	0	retinal	chromophore; human metabolite; mouse metabolite
leukotriene c4 Leukotriene C4: The conjugation product of LEUKOTRIENE A4 and glutathione. It is the major arachidonic acid metabolite in macrophages and human mast cells as well as in antigen-sensitized lung tissue. It stimulates mucus secretion in the lung, and produces contractions of nonvascular and some VASCULAR SMOOTH MUSCLE. (From Dictionary of Prostaglandins and Related Compounds, 1990). leukotriene C4 : A leukotriene that is (5S,7E,9E,11Z,14Z)-5-hydroxyicosa-7,9,11,14-tetraenoic acid in which a glutathionyl group is attached at position 6 via a sulfide linkage.	2.03	1	0	leukotriene	bronchoconstrictor agent; human metabolite; mouse metabolite
thromboxane a2 Thromboxane A2: An unstable intermediate between the prostaglandin endoperoxides and thromboxane B2. The compound has a bicyclic oxaneoxetane structure. It is a potent inducer of platelet aggregation and causes vasoconstriction. It is the principal component of rabbit aorta contracting substance (RCS).. thromboxane A2 : A thromboxane which is produced by activated platelets and has prothrombotic properties: it stimulates activation of new platelets as well as increases platelet aggregation.	1.99	1	0	epoxy monocarboxylic acid; thromboxanes A	mouse metabolite
hymecromone Hymecromone: A coumarin derivative possessing properties as a spasmolytic, choleretic and light-protective agent. It is also used in ANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY TECHNIQUES for the determination of NITRIC ACID.	1.95	1	0	hydroxycoumarin	antineoplastic agent; hyaluronic acid synthesis inhibitor
alprostadil [no description available]	1.99	1	0	prostaglandins E	anticoagulant; human metabolite; platelet aggregation inhibitor; vasodilator agent
bilirubin diglucuronide [no description available]	2.01	1	0
kaempferol [no description available]	2.46	2	0	7-hydroxyflavonol; flavonols; tetrahydroxyflavone	antibacterial agent; geroprotector; human blood serum metabolite; human urinary metabolite; human xenobiotic metabolite; plant metabolite
leukotriene d4 Leukotriene D4: One of the biologically active principles of SRS-A. It is generated from LEUKOTRIENE C4 after partial hydrolysis of the peptide chain, i.e., cleavage of the gamma-glutamyl portion. Its biological actions include stimulation of vascular and nonvascular smooth muscle, and increases in vascular permeability. (From Dictionary of Prostaglandins and Related Compounds, 1990). leukotriene D4 : A leukotriene that is (7E,9E,11Z,14Z)-icosa-7,9,11,14-tetraenoic acid substituted by a hydroxy group at position 5 (5S) and a L-cysteinylglycinyl group at position 6 (6R).	2.44	2	0	dipeptide; leukotriene; organic sulfide	bronchoconstrictor agent; human metabolite; mouse metabolite
harmine Harmine: Alkaloid isolated from seeds of PEGANUM HARMALA; ZYGOPHYLLACEAE. It is identical to banisterine, or telepathine, from Banisteria caapi and is one of the active ingredients of hallucinogenic drinks made in the western Amazon region from related plants. It has no therapeutic use, but (as banisterine) was hailed as a cure for postencephalitic PARKINSON DISEASE in the 1920's.. harmine : A harmala alkaloid in which the harman skeleton is methoxy-substituted at C-7.	1.97	1	0	harmala alkaloid	anti-HIV agent; EC 1.4.3.4 (monoamine oxidase) inhibitor; metabolite
montelukast montelukast: a leukotriene D4 receptor antagonist	2.76	3	0	aliphatic sulfide; monocarboxylic acid; quinolines	anti-arrhythmia drug; anti-asthmatic drug; leukotriene antagonist
esculin [no description available]	2.6	1	0	beta-D-glucoside; hydroxycoumarin	antioxidant; metabolite
baicalein [no description available]	2.41	1	0	trihydroxyflavone	angiogenesis inhibitor; anti-inflammatory agent; antibacterial agent; anticoronaviral agent; antifungal agent; antineoplastic agent; antioxidant; apoptosis inducer; EC 1.13.11.31 (arachidonate 12-lipoxygenase) inhibitor; EC 1.13.11.33 (arachidonate 15-lipoxygenase) inhibitor; EC 3.4.21.26 (prolyl oligopeptidase) inhibitor; EC 3.4.22.69 (SARS coronavirus main proteinase) inhibitor; EC 4.1.1.17 (ornithine decarboxylase) inhibitor; ferroptosis inhibitor; geroprotector; hormone antagonist; plant metabolite; prostaglandin antagonist; radical scavenger
hyperoside quercetin 3-O-beta-D-galactopyranoside : A quercetin O-glycoside that is quercetin with a beta-D-galactosyl residue attached at position 3. Isolated from Artemisia capillaris, it exhibits hepatoprotective activity.	2.96	3	0	beta-D-galactoside; monosaccharide derivative; quercetin O-glycoside; tetrahydroxyflavone	hepatoprotective agent; plant metabolite
mangiferin shamimin: isolated from the leaves of Bombax ceiba; structure in first source	2.11	1	0	C-glycosyl compound; xanthones	anti-inflammatory agent; antioxidant; hypoglycemic agent; plant metabolite
myricetin [no description available]	2.41	1	0	7-hydroxyflavonol; hexahydroxyflavone	antineoplastic agent; antioxidant; cyclooxygenase 1 inhibitor; food component; geroprotector; hypoglycemic agent; plant metabolite
echinacoside echinacoside: from Buddleja species; has antihepatotoxic activity	2.31	1	0	oligosaccharide
rosmarinic acid rosmarinic acid: RN given refers to parent cpd; promote OT project. (R)-rosmarinic acid : A stereoisomer of rosmarinic acid having (R)-configuration.. rosmarinic acid : The 1-carboxy-2-(2,4-dihydroxyphenyl)ethyl ester of trans-caffeic acid.	2.41	1	0	rosmarinic acid	geroprotector; plant metabolite
acteoside acteoside: a protein kinase C inhibitor with hepatoprotective, anti-asthmatic, and analgesic activities; a phenylethanoid glycoside related to isoacteoside; from leaves of Lippia multiflora (Verbenaceae). acteoside : A glycoside that is the alpha-L-rhamnosyl-(1->3)-beta-D-glucoside of hydroxytyrosol in which the hydroxy group at position 4 of the glucopyranosyl moiety has undergone esterification by formal condensation with trans-caffeic acid.	2.6	1	0	catechols; cinnamate ester; disaccharide derivative; glycoside; polyphenol	anti-inflammatory agent; antibacterial agent; antileishmanial agent; neuroprotective agent; plant metabolite
wedelolactone wedelolactone: antihepatotoxic coumestan from Eclipta prostrata and Wedelia calendulacea (both Asteraceae); structure given in first source. wedelolactone : A member of the class of coumestans that is coumestan with hydroxy substituents as positions 1, 8 and 9 and a methoxy substituent at position 3.	7.13	1	0	aromatic ether; coumestans; delta-lactone; polyphenol	antineoplastic agent; apoptosis inducer; EC 5.99.1.3 [DNA topoisomerase (ATP-hydrolysing)] inhibitor; hepatoprotective agent; metabolite
astragalin kaempferol-3-O-glucoside: isolated from the pit of Mahkota dewa; structure in first source. kaempferol 3-O-beta-D-glucoside : A kaempferol O-glucoside in which a glucosyl residue is attached at position 3 of kaempferol via a beta-glycosidic linkage.	2.13	1	0	beta-D-glucoside; kaempferol O-glucoside; monosaccharide derivative; trihydroxyflavone	plant metabolite; trypanocidal drug
n,n-dimethylsphingenine N,N-dimethylsphingosine: a sphingosine kinase inhibitor. N,N-dimethylsphingosine : A sphingoid that is sphingosine in which the two amino hydrogens are replaced by methyl groups.	2.01	1	0	aminodiol; sphingoid; tertiary amino compound	EC 2.7.1.91 (sphingosine kinase) inhibitor; metabolite
undecaprenyl phosphate undecaprenyl phosphate: RN's in Chemline for diphosphate esters: 31589-58-9, 31867-59-1	2.08	1	0	undecaprenyl phosphate
sphingosine 1-phosphate sphingosine 1-phosphate: RN given refers to (R-(R,S-(E)))-isomer; RN for cpd without isomeric designation not available 8/89. sphingosine 1-phosphate : A phosphosphingolipid that consists of sphingosine having a phospho group attached at position 1	2.03	1	0	sphingoid 1-phosphate	mouse metabolite; signalling molecule; sphingosine-1-phosphate receptor agonist; T-cell proliferation inhibitor; vasodilator agent
morphine Meconium: The thick green-to-black mucilaginous material found in the intestines of a full-term fetus. It consists of secretions of the INTESTINAL GLANDS; BILE PIGMENTS; FATTY ACIDS; AMNIOTIC FLUID; and intrauterine debris. It constitutes the first stools passed by a newborn.	2.03	1	0	morphinane alkaloid; organic heteropentacyclic compound; tertiary amino compound	anaesthetic; drug allergen; environmental contaminant; geroprotector; mu-opioid receptor agonist; opioid analgesic; plant metabolite; vasodilator agent; xenobiotic
ar c67085mx PSB-0413: a selective antagonist radioligand for platelet P2Y12 receptors	3.11	1	0
2-methylthio-atp 2-methylthio-ATP: purinergic receptors agonist; relaxes mammalian gut preparations; structure given in first source	5.22	9	0
adp beta s adenosine 5'-O-(2-thiodiphosphate): partial agonist toward platelet aggregation; see also record for 1-thiodiphosphate cpd	3.8	3	0
kn 62 KN 62: inhibitor of Ca/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase II	3.52	2	0	piperazines
biliverdine [no description available]	1.98	1	0
diamide Diamide: A sulfhydryl reagent which oxidizes sulfhydryl groups to the disulfide form. It is a radiation-sensitizing agent of anoxic bacterial and mammalian cells.	2.6	1	0	1,1'-azobis(N,N-dimethylformamide)
barium Barium: An element of the alkaline earth group of metals. It has an atomic symbol Ba, atomic number 56, and atomic weight 138. All of its acid-soluble salts are poisonous.	2	1	0	alkaline earth metal atom; elemental barium
thallium Thallium: A heavy, bluish white metal, atomic number 81, atomic weight [204.382; 204.385], symbol Tl.. thallium : A metallic element first identified and named from the brilliant green line in its flame spectrum (from Greek thetaalphalambdalambdaomicronsigma, a green shoot).	2.05	1	0	boron group element atom
arsenic Arsenic: A shiny gray element with atomic symbol As, atomic number 33, and atomic weight 75. It occurs throughout the universe, mostly in the form of metallic arsenides. Most forms are toxic. According to the Fourth Annual Report on Carcinogens (NTP 85-002, 1985), arsenic and certain arsenic compounds have been listed as known carcinogens. (From Merck Index, 11th ed)	1.94	1	0	metalloid atom; pnictogen	micronutrient
morphine-6-glucuronide morphine-6-glucuronide: RN given refers to (5alpha,6alpha)-isomer	2.03	1	0	morphinane alkaloid
sulfur Sulfur: An element that is a member of the chalcogen family. It has an atomic symbol S, atomic number 16, and atomic weight [32.059; 32.076]. It is found in the amino acids cysteine and methionine.	2.76	2	0	chalcogen; nonmetal atom	macronutrient
lewisite lewisite: RN given refers to cpd without isomeric designation	1.94	1	0
beryllium Beryllium: An element with the atomic symbol Be, atomic number 4, and atomic weight 9.01218. Short exposure to this element can lead to a type of poisoning known as BERYLLIOSIS.. beryllium atom : Alkaline earth metal atom with atomic number 4.	1.98	1	0	alkaline earth metal atom; elemental beryllium; metal allergen	adjuvant; carcinogenic agent; epitope
cysteine Cysteine: A thiol-containing non-essential amino acid that is oxidized to form CYSTINE.. L-cysteinium : The L-enantiomer of cysteinium.. cysteine : A sulfur-containing amino acid that is propanoic acid with an amino group at position 2 and a sulfanyl group at position 3.	3.8	11	0	cysteinium	fundamental metabolite
7-mercaptoheptanoylthreonine phosphate 7-mercaptoheptanoylthreonine phosphate: component B of the methylcoenzyme M methylreductase system of Methanobacterium thermoautotrophicum; structure given in first source	1.97	1	0	L-threonine derivative	coenzyme
phosphorus Phosphorus: A non-metal element that has the atomic symbol P, atomic number 15, and atomic weight 31. It is an essential element that takes part in a broad variety of biochemical reactions.	2.74	3	0	monoatomic phosphorus; nonmetal atom; pnictogen	macronutrient
enkephalin, ala(2)-mephe(4)-gly(5)- Enkephalin, Ala(2)-MePhe(4)-Gly(5)-: An enkephalin analog that selectively binds to the MU OPIOID RECEPTOR. It is used as a model for drug permeability experiments.	2	1	0
udp dialdehyde UDP dialdehyde: inhibitor of haematoside synthetase	3.07	5	0
n-acetylsphingosine N-acetylsphingosine: inhibits phospholipase D. N-acetylsphingosine : A N-acylsphingosine that has an acetamido group at position 2.	1.99	1	0	N-acylsphingosine
abscisic acid Abscisic Acid: Abscission-accelerating plant growth substance isolated from young cotton fruit, leaves of sycamore, birch, and other plants, and from potatoes, lemons, avocados, and other fruits.. (S)-2-trans-abscisic acid : A 2-trans-abscisic acid with (S)-configuration at the chiral centre.. (+)-abscisic acid : The naturally occurring (1'S)-(+) enantiomer of abscisic acid. It is an important sesquiterpenoid plant hormone which acts as a regulator of plant responses to environmental stresses such as drought and cold.	8.34	5	0	2-trans-abscisic acid
n-caproylsphingosine N-(hexanoyl)sphing-4-enine : An N-acylsphingosine consisting of sphing-4-enine bearing a hexanoyl group on nitrogen.	2.02	1	0	N-acylsphingosine
nf023 [no description available]	3.11	1	0
c.i. fluorescent brightening agent 28 4,4'-bis({4-anilino-6-[bis(2-hydroxyethyl)amino]-1,3,5-triazin-2-yl}amino)stilbene-2,2'-disulfonic acid : An organosulfonic acid comprising stilbene having 4-anilino-6-[bis(2-hydroxyethyl)amino]-1,3,5-triazin-2-yl}amino groups at the 4 and 4'-positions and sulfo groups at the 2- and 2'-positions.	3.51	1	0
4,4'-diisothiocyanostilbene-2,2'-disulfonic acid 4,4'-Diisothiocyanostilbene-2,2'-Disulfonic Acid: An inhibitor of anion conductance including band 3-mediated anion transport.	2	1	0
mastoparan [no description available]	1.98	1	0	mastoparans; peptidyl amide	antimicrobial agent
dolichols Dolichols: A class of polyprenols which contain approximately 20 isoprene residues. Although considered ISOPRENOIDS, they terminate with an alpha-saturated isoprenoid group at the hydroxy end of the molecule.	1.95	1	0	polyterpene
dolichol monophosphate mannose Dolichol Monophosphate Mannose: A lipophilic glycosyl carrier of the monosaccharide mannose in the biosynthesis of oligosaccharide phospholipids and glycoproteins.	1.95	1	0
leukotriene d4 [no description available]	2.03	1	0
papulacandin b papulacandin B: from Papularia sphaerosperma; inhibits growth of Candida albicans. papulacandin B : A papulacandin that is papulacandin A in which the (2E,4E)-deca-2,4-dienoyl chain at the O-(6') position is replaced by a (2E,4Z,6E)-8-hydroxydeca-2,4,6-trienoyl chain. It is the major carbohydrate-containing antibiotic from the deuteromycetous fungus Papularia sphaerosperma which shows potent antifungal activity against Candida albicans.	1.97	1	0
2-(4-amylcinnamoyl)amino-4-chlorobenzoic acid 2-(4-amylcinnamoyl)amino-4-chlorobenzoic acid: phospholipase A2 inhibitor	1.99	1	0
elaiophylin [no description available]	2.41	1	0	lactol; macrodiolide; monosaccharide derivative	antifungal agent; autophagy inhibitor; bacterial metabolite
gavestinel [no description available]	2.1	1	0
n-acetylmannosaminuronic acid [no description available]	1.96	1	0
psi 6130 2'-deoxy-2'-fluoro-2'-C-methylcytidine: PSI-6130 is the (beta-D)-isomer; has antiviral activity against hepatitis C virus; structure in first source	2.04	1	0
tanespimycin CP 127374: analog of herbimycin A	2.25	1	0	1,4-benzoquinones; ansamycin; carbamate ester; organic heterobicyclic compound; secondary amino compound	antineoplastic agent; apoptosis inducer; Hsp90 inhibitor
verlukast verlukast: LTD4 receptor antagonist	2.01	1	0
beta-escin [no description available]	4.3	5	0
uridine diphosphate mannose uridine diphosphate mannose: RN given refers to (D)-isomer	1.99	1	0	UDP-sugar
sq-23377 Ionomycin: A divalent calcium ionophore that is widely used as a tool to investigate the role of intracellular calcium in cellular processes.. ionomycin : A very long-chain fatty acid that is docosa-10,16-dienoic acid which is substituted by methyl groups at positions 4, 6, 8, 12, 14, 18 and 20, by hydroxy groups at positions 11, 19 and 21, and by a (2',5-dimethyloctahydro-2,2'-bifuran-5-yl)ethanol group at position 21. An ionophore produced by Streptomyces conglobatus, it is used in research to raise the intracellular level of Ca(2+) and as a research tool to understand Ca(2+) transport across biological membranes.	2.92	4	0	cyclic ether; enol; polyunsaturated fatty acid; very long-chain fatty acid	calcium ionophore; metabolite
cilofungin cilofungin: a cyclic hexapeptide echinocandin; a modified form of Echinocandin B; antimycotic agent against Candida albicans. cilofungin : A cyclic hexapeptide echinocandin antibiotic isolated from Aspergillus spp. By inhibiting the conversion of lanosterol to ergosterol, it invades a fungus' ability to synthesize cell walls. A modified form of echinocandin B, it is an antimycotic agent against Candida albicans.	1.97	1	0	antibiotic antifungal drug; echinocandin	antiinfective agent
rebaudioside a rebaudioside A: glucoside isolated from the leaves of the paraguayan shrub, Stevia rebaudiana; has taste properties superior to stevioside; structure in first source. rebaudioside A : A rebaudioside that is rubusoside in which the hydroxy groups at positions 3 and 4 of the beta-D-glucopyranosyloxy group at the 13alpha position have both been converted to the corresponding beta-D-glucopyranoside.	9.11	13	0	beta-D-glucoside; rebaudioside; tetracyclic diterpenoid	sweetening agent
isoborneol isoborneol: RN given refers to cpd without isomeric designation; structure	2.38	2	0	borneol
oleanane oleanane: from the aerial roots of Ficus microcarpa; structure in first source	2.31	1	0	terpenoid fundamental parent; triterpene
formazans Formazans: Colored azo compounds formed by the reduction of tetrazolium salts. Employing this reaction, oxidoreductase activity can be determined quantitatively in tissue sections by allowing the enzymes to act on their specific substrates in the presence of tetrazolium salts.	2.43	2	0
phoxim phoxim: structure	2.6	1	0
ginsenoside f1 ginsenoside F1: from ginseng. ginsenoside F1 : A ginsenoside found in Panax species that is dammarane which is substituted by hydroxy groups at the 3beta, 6alpha, 12beta and 20 pro-S positions, in which the hydroxy group at position 20 has been converted to the corresponding beta-D-glucopyranoside, and in which a double bond has been introduced at the 24-25 position.	2.11	1	0	12beta-hydroxy steroid; 3beta-hydroxy-4,4-dimethylsteroid; 3beta-hydroxy steroid; 6alpha-hydroxy steroid; beta-D-glucoside; ginsenoside; tetracyclic triterpenoid	apoptosis inhibitor; plant metabolite
nikkomycin [no description available]	2.44	2	0
5-chlorouridine [no description available]	2.07	1	0
cangrelor cangrelor: platelet P(2T) receptor antagonist. cangrelor : A nucleoside triphosphate analogue that is 5'-O-[({[dichloro(phosphono)methyl](hydroxy)phosphoryl}oxy)(hydroxy)phosphoryl]adenosine carrying additional 2-(methylsulfanyl)ethyl and (3,3,3-trifluoropropyl)sulfanyl substituents at positions N6 and C2 respectively. Used (in the form of its tetrasodium salt) as an intravenous antiplatelet drug that prevents formation of harmful blood clots in the coronary arteries.	3.53	2	0	adenosine 5'-phosphate; aryl sulfide; nucleoside triphosphate analogue; organochlorine compound; organofluorine compound; secondary amino compound	P2Y12 receptor antagonist; platelet aggregation inhibitor
5-bromouridine triphosphate 5-bromouridine 5'-triphosphate : A pyrimidine ribonucleoside 5'-triphosphate having 5-bromouracil as the pyrimidine component.	3.11	5	0	organobromine compound; pyrimidine ribonucleoside 5'-triphosphate
denufosol tetrasodium [no description available]	2.72	3	0
lipid a Lipid A: Lipid A is the biologically active component of lipopolysaccharides. It shows strong endotoxic activity and exhibits immunogenic properties.. lipid A : The glycolipid moiety of bacterial lipopolysaccharide (R can be either hydrogen or a fatty acyl group).	3.32	6	0	dodecanoate ester; lipid A; tetradecanoate ester	Escherichia coli metabolite
dapagliflozin [no description available]	2.41	1	0	aromatic ether; C-glycosyl compound; monochlorobenzenes	hypoglycemic agent; sodium-glucose transport protein subtype 2 inhibitor
ginsenoside rb1 [no description available]	2.17	1	0	ginsenoside; glycoside; tetracyclic triterpenoid	anti-inflammatory drug; anti-obesity agent; apoptosis inhibitor; neuroprotective agent; plant metabolite; radical scavenger
ym-254890 YM-254890: structure in first source	2.02	1	0
medigoxin spirotetramat: for the control of a broad spectrum of sucking insects; structure in first source. spirotetramat : An azaspiro compound that is methoxycyclohexane which is fused at position 4 to the 5-position of a 1,5-dihydro-2H-pyrrol-2-one that is substituted at positions 3 and 4 by 2,5-dimethylphenyl and (ethoxycarbonyl)oxy groups, respectively (the cis isomer). It is a proinsecticide (via hydrolysis of the ethyl carbonate group to give the corresponding 4-hydroxypyrrol-2-one, "spirotetramat-enol") and is used for the control of a wide range of sucking insects on fruit and potato crops.	3.35	1	0
aluminum oxide Aluminum Oxide: An oxide of aluminum, occurring in nature as various minerals such as bauxite, corundum, etc. It is used as an adsorbent, desiccating agent, and catalyst, and in the manufacture of dental cements and refractories.	2.1	1	0
phosphoramidite phosphoramidite: structure in first source. phosphoramidite : A compound with the general formula (RO)2PNR2. Phosphoramidites can be regarded as phosphites that have an NR2 instead of an OH group, or as amides of phosphorous acid.	2.04	1	0
denufosol tetrasodium denufosol tetrasodium: for treatment of cystic fibrosis	2.06	1	0
5-fluorouridine 5'-triphosphate [no description available]	2.41	2	0
oxadiazoles Oxadiazoles: Compounds containing five-membered heteroaromatic rings containing two carbons, two nitrogens, and one oxygen atom which exist in various regioisomeric forms.	2.41	1	0
digalactosyldiacylglycerol digalactosyldiacylglycerol: two Galactoses bound to diacylglycerol; the mono Gal MGDG is also available; constitutes 20% of plant chloroplast lipids; see also 1,2-distearoyldigalactosyldiglyceride	2.13	1	0
ribose ribopyranose : The pyranose form of ribose.	2.69	3	0	D-ribose; ribopyranose
acebutolol alpha-D-glucosyl-(1->4)-alpha-D-mannose : An alpha-D-glucosyl-(1->4)-D-mannopyranose in which the anomeric hydroxy group has alpha configuration.	1.98	1	0	alpha-D-glucosyl-(1->4)-D-mannopyranose
chlorantranilipole chlorantranilipole: anthranilic diamide insecticide.that disrupts mating in codling moth (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae). chlorantraniliprole : A carboxamide resulting from the formal condensation of the carboxylic acid group of 3-bromo-1-(3-chloropyridin-2-yl)-1H-pyrazole-5-carboxylic acid with the primary amino group of 2-amino-5-chloro-N,3-dimethylbenzamide. The first of the anthranilic diamide insecticides, it is a ryanodine receptor activator and is used to protect a wide variety of crops, including corn, cotton, grapes, rice and potatoes.	2.6	1	0	monochlorobenzenes; organobromine compound; pyrazole insecticide; pyrazoles; pyridines; secondary carboxamide	ryanodine receptor agonist
cyantraniliprole cyantraniliprole: an insecticide; structure in first source. cyantraniliprole : A carboxamide that is chlorantraniliprole in which the chlorine atom attached to the phenyl ring has been replaced by a cyano group. A ryanodine receptor agonist, it is used as insecticide for the control of whitefly, thrips, aphids, fruitflies, and fruit worms in crops such as onions, potatoes and tomatoes. It is highly toxic to honeybees.	2.31	1	0	nitrile; organobromine compound; organochlorine compound; pyrazole insecticide; pyridines; secondary carboxamide	ryanodine receptor agonist
s-tetradecanoyl-coenzyme a myristoyl-CoA : A long-chain fatty acyl-CoA that results from the formal condensation of the thiol group of coenzyme A with the carboxy group of myristic acid.	2	1	0	11,12-saturated fatty acyl-CoA; long-chain fatty acyl-CoA	Escherichia coli metabolite; mouse metabolite
sepharose agarose : A linear polysaccharide made up from alternating D-galactose and 3,6-anhydro-alpha-L-galactopyranose residues joined by alpha-(1->3)- and beta-(1->4)-linkages.	4	4	0
tyvelose tyvelose: see also records for paratose & colitose; RN given refers to (D)-isomer	2.6	1	0
ginsenoside rh1 ginsenoside Rh1: RN given for (3beta,6alpha,12beta)-isomer. (20S)-ginsenoside Rh1 : A tetracyclic triterpenoid that is (20S)-protopanaxadiol which is substituted by beta-D-glucoside at the 6alpha position.	2.11	1	0	12beta-hydroxy steroid; 3beta-hydroxy-4,4-dimethylsteroid; 3beta-hydroxy steroid; beta-D-glucoside; ginsenoside; tetracyclic triterpenoid	plant metabolite
kujimycin b kujimycin B: macrolide antibiotics isolated from various strains of Streptomyces; many have significant activity against some Gram positive bacteria; kujimycins was minor descriptor (76-84); on-line & Index Medicus search ERYTHROMYCIN/AA (76-84)	2	1	0	macrolide
nad NAD(1-) : An anionic form of nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide arising from deprotonation of the two OH groups of the diphosphate moiety.	4.07	15	0	organophosphate oxoanion	cofactor; human metabolite; hydrogen acceptor; Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite
cnv1014802 vixotrigine: a sodium channel blocker	4.72	1	1
cosyntropin Cosyntropin: A synthetic peptide that is identical to the 24-amino acid segment at the N-terminal of ADRENOCORTICOTROPIC HORMONE. ACTH (1-24), a segment similar in all species, contains the biological activity that stimulates production of CORTICOSTEROIDS in the ADRENAL CORTEX.. cosyntropin : A synthetic peptide that is identical to the 24-amino acid segment at the N-terminal of adrenocorticotropic hormone (corticotropin). A segment similar in all species, it contains the biological activity that stimulates production of corticosteroids in the adrenal cortex. It is used diagnostically to investigate adrenocortical insufficiency.	2.6	1	0
alamethicin Alamethicin: A cyclic nonadecapeptide antibiotic that can act as an ionophore and is produced by strains of Trichoderma viride. (From Singleton & Sainsbury, Dictionary of Microbiology and Molecular Biology, 2d ed)	2.96	3	0
glucagon Glucagon: A 29-amino acid pancreatic peptide derived from proglucagon which is also the precursor of intestinal GLUCAGON-LIKE PEPTIDES. Glucagon is secreted by PANCREATIC ALPHA CELLS and plays an important role in regulation of BLOOD GLUCOSE concentration, ketone metabolism, and several other biochemical and physiological processes. (From Gilman et al., Goodman and Gilman's The Pharmacological Basis of Therapeutics, 9th ed, p1511). glucagon : A 29-amino acid peptide hormone consisting of His, Ser, Gln, Gly, Thr, Phe, Thr, Ser, Asp, Tyr, Ser, Lys, Tyr, Leu, Asp, Ser, Arg, Arg, Ala, Gln, Asp, Phe, Val, Gln, Trp, Leu, Met, Asn and Thr residues joined in sequence.	2.42	2	0	peptide hormone
iberiotoxin [no description available]	2	1	0
tannins Tannins: Polyphenolic compounds with molecular weights of around 500-3000 daltons and containing enough hydroxyl groups (1-2 per 100 MW) for effective cross linking of other compounds (ASTRINGENTS). The two main types are HYDROLYZABLE TANNINS and CONDENSED TANNINS. Historically, the term has applied to many compounds and plant extracts able to render skin COLLAGEN impervious to degradation. The word tannin derives from the Celtic word for OAK TREE which was used for leather processing.	2.6	1	0
oligonucleotides [no description available]	2.89	4	0
c-peptide C-Peptide: The middle segment of proinsulin that is between the N-terminal B-chain and the C-terminal A-chain. It is a pancreatic peptide of about 31 residues, depending on the species. Upon proteolytic cleavage of proinsulin, equimolar INSULIN and C-peptide are released. C-peptide immunoassay has been used to assess pancreatic beta cell function in diabetic patients with circulating insulin antibodies or exogenous insulin. Half-life of C-peptide is 30 min, almost 8 times that of insulin.	2	1	0
cellulose DEAE-Cellulose: Cellulose derivative used in chromatography, as ion-exchange material, and for various industrial applications.	4.56	7	0	glycoside
phosphatidylcholines Phosphatidylcholines: Derivatives of PHOSPHATIDIC ACIDS in which the phosphoric acid is bound in ester linkage to a CHOLINE moiety.	2.72	3	0	1,2-diacyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine
atractyloside Atractyloside: A glycoside of a kaurene type diterpene that is found in some plants including Atractylis gummifera (ATRACTYLIS); COFFEE; XANTHIUM, and CALLILEPIS. Toxicity is due to inhibition of ADENINE NUCLEOTIDE TRANSLOCASE.	2	1	0
4-thiouridylic acid [no description available]	2.06	1	0
sulfoxaflor sulfoxaflor: insecticide targeting sap-feeding pests; structure in first source. sulfoxaflor : A mixture of the four diastereoisomers arising from the two tetrahedral stereocentres of [methyl(oxido){1-[6-(trifluoromethyl)pyridin-3-yl]ethyl}-lambda(6)-sulfanylidene]cyanamide (the sulfur atom and the carbon attached to position 3 of the pyridine ring). [Both E- and Z-isomers involving the S=N double bond and the cyano group exist, but they interconvert rapidly at r.t.]. A nicotinic acetylcholine receptor agonist in insects, sulfoxaflor is used as an insecticide, particularly for the control of aphids.. [methyl(oxido){1-[6-(trifluoromethyl)pyridin-3-yl]ethyl}-lambda(6)-sulfanylidene]cyanamide : A member of the class of pyridines that is 5-ethyl-2-trifluoromethylpyridine in which the ethyl group is substituted at position 1 by an N-cyano-S-methylsulfonimidoyl group. The insecticide sulfoxalor is a mixture of the four possible stereoisomers arising from the two tetrahedral stereocentres.	2.76	2	0	nitrile; organofluorine compound; pyridines; sulfoximide
ethyl glucuronide ethyl glucuronide: structure given in first source; RN given refers to (BETA-D)-isomer. ethyl glucuronide : A beta-D-glucosiduronic acid that is the ethyl derivative of beta-D-glucuronic acid.	2.6	1	0	beta-D-glucosiduronic acid	human urinary metabolite
1,2-o-isopropylidene-d-glucofuranose 1,2-O-isopropylidene-D-glucofuranose: RN given refers to (alpha-D)-isomer	2.02	1	0
calpain Calpain: Cysteine proteinase found in many tissues. Hydrolyzes a variety of endogenous proteins including NEUROPEPTIDES; CYTOSKELETAL PROTEINS; proteins from SMOOTH MUSCLE; CARDIAC MUSCLE; liver; platelets; and erythrocytes. Two subclasses having high and low calcium sensitivity are known. Removes Z-discs and M-lines from myofibrils. Activates phosphorylase kinase and cyclic nucleotide-independent protein kinase. This enzyme was formerly listed as EC 3.4.22.4.	2.41	1	0
sapogenins Sapogenins: The aglucon moiety of a saponin molecule. It may be triterpenoid or steroid, usually spirostan, in nature.	3.24	5	0
nothofagin nothofagin: a dihydrochalcone	2.15	1	0
2-acetamidoglucal 2-acetamidoglucal: found in urine of patient with sialuria. 2-acetamidoglucal : A glycal derivative that is 1,5-anhydro-2-deoxy-D-arabino-hex-1-enitol substituted by an acetylamino group at position 2.	2.46	2	0	acetamides; glycal derivative	metabolite
eliglustat eliglustat: a potent inhibitor of glucosylceramide synthase. eliglustat : A carboxamide obtained by formal condensation of the carboxy group of octanoic acid with the primary amino group of (1R,2R)-2-amino-1-(2,3-dihydro-1,4-benzodioxin-6-yl)-3-(pyrrolidin-1-yl)propan-1-ol. A ceramide glucosyltransferase inhibitor used (as its tartrate salt) for treatment of Gaucher's disease.	2.11	1	0	benzodioxine; carboxamide; N-alkylpyrrolidine; secondary alcohol	EC 2.4.1.80 (ceramide glucosyltransferase) inhibitor
acid blue 129 [no description available]	3.11	1	0
methyl jasmonate [no description available]	3.01	2	0
rubusoside rubusoside: from RUBUS. rubusoside : A steviol glycoside that is steviol in which both the carboxy group and the tertiary allylic hydroxy group have been converted to their corresponding beta-D-glucosides. A precious bioactive natural sweetener which mainly exists the in Chinese sweet tea plant, Rubus suavissimus.	2.31	1	0	beta-D-glucoside; bridged compound; steviol glycoside; tetracyclic diterpenoid	plant metabolite; sweetening agent
s-adenosylmethionine (R)-S-adenosyl-L-methionine : An S-adenosyl-L-methionine that has R-configuration.. S-adenosyl-L-methionine zwitterion : A zwitterionic tautomer of S-adenosyl-L-methionine arising from shift of the proton from the carboxy group to the amino group.. (R)-S-adenosyl-L-methionine zwitterion : An S-adenosyl-L-methionine zwitterion that has R-configuration; major species at pH 7.3.. (S)-S-adenosyl-L-methionine zwitterion : An S-adenosyl-L-methionine zwitterion that has S-configuration; major species at pH 7.3.. S-adenosyl-L-methionine : A sulfonium compound that is the S-adenosyl derivative of L-methionine. It is an intermediate in the metabolic pathway of methionine.	3.21	1	0	organic cation; sulfonium compound	coenzyme; cofactor; human metabolite; micronutrient; Mycoplasma genitalium metabolite; nutraceutical; Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite
gdc 0449 HhAntag691: inhibits the hedgehog pathway and ABC transporters; has antineoplastic activity	3.99	1	1	benzamides; monochlorobenzenes; pyridines; sulfone	antineoplastic agent; Hedgehog signaling pathway inhibitor; SMO receptor antagonist; teratogenic agent
ponatinib [no description available]	2.6	1	0	(trifluoromethyl)benzenes; acetylenic compound; benzamides; imidazopyridazine; N-methylpiperazine	antineoplastic agent; tyrosine kinase inhibitor
arabinogalactan [no description available]	2.07	1	0
dolichol monophosphate [no description available]	1.97	1	0
dolichol pyrophosphate [no description available]	1.97	1	0
dahlia Dahlia: A plant genus of the family ASTERACEAE that contains antifungal plant defensin.. Hoffman's violet : A hydrochloride obtained by combining Hoffman's violet free base with one molar equivalent of hydrogen chloride. A specific stain for animal chromosomes.	6.93	1	0
mannans [no description available]	3.15	1	0
adenosine diphosphate glucose Adenosine Diphosphate Glucose: Serves as the glycosyl donor for formation of bacterial glycogen, amylose in green algae, and amylopectin in higher plants.. ADP alpha-D-glucoside(2-) : A nucleotide-sugar oxoanion resutling from the deprotonation of both free OH groups of the diphosphate group of ADP alpha-D-glucoside.	2.08	1	0	NDP-alpha-D-glucose(2-); ribonucleoside 5'-diphosphate-alpha-D-glucose(2-)	human metabolite
bacillithiol bacillithiol: antioxidant produced by several bacterial species; structure in first source. bacillithiol : A thiol that is the alpha-anomeric glycoside of L-cysteinyl-D-glucosamine with L-malic acid.	2.05	1	0	glycoside; monosaccharide derivative; thiol	antioxidant; bacterial metabolite; cofactor
glycolipids [no description available]	4.72	9	0
interleukin-8 Interleukin-8: A member of the CXC chemokine family that plays a role in the regulation of the acute inflammatory response. It is secreted by variety of cell types and induces CHEMOTAXIS of NEUTROPHILS and other inflammatory cells.	3.33	6	0
p(1),p(5)-di(adenosine-5'-)pentaphosphate P(1),P(5)-di(adenosine-5'-)pentaphosphate: structure. P(1),P(5)-bis(5'-adenosyl) pentaphosphate(5-) : An organophosphate oxoanion arising from global deprotonation of the pentaphosphate OH groups of P(1),P(5)-bis(5'-adenosyl) pentaphosphate.	2.38	2	0	organophosphate oxoanion
decaprenyl phosphate decaprenyl phosphate: required for membrane-derived oligosaccharide biosynthesis	1.97	1	0	polyprenol phosphate
uridine diphosphate n-acetylgalactosamine Uridine Diphosphate N-Acetylgalactosamine: A nucleoside diphosphate sugar which serves as a source of N-acetylgalactosamine for glycoproteins, sulfatides and cerebrosides.. UDP-N-acetyl-D-galactosamine(2-) : Dianion of UDP-N-acetyl-D-galactosamine arising from deprotonation of the diphosphate OH groups; major species at pH 7.3.. UDP-N-acetyl-D-galactosamine : A UDP-sugar having N-acetyl-D-galactosamine as the sugar component.	4.2	5	0	nucleotide-sugar oxoanion	human metabolite
fructose-1,6-diphosphate fructose-1,6-diphosphate: RN refers to (D)-isomer	2	1	0
UDP-rhamnose UDP-rhamnose : A UDP-sugar in which the sugar component is rhamnose.	2.81	3	0	UDP-sugar
chondroitin Chondroitin: A mucopolysaccharide constituent of chondrin. (Grant & Hackh's Chemical Dictionary, 5th ed)	2.46	2	0
heparitin sulfate Heparitin Sulfate: A heteropolysaccharide that is similar in structure to HEPARIN. It accumulates in individuals with MUCOPOLYSACCHARIDOSIS.	2.5	2	0
2,4-diacetamido-2,4,6-trideoxyglucopyranose [no description available]	2.46	2	0
ascorbic acid Ascorbic Acid: A six carbon compound related to glucose. It is found naturally in citrus fruits and many vegetables. Ascorbic acid is an essential nutrient in human diets, and necessary to maintain connective tissue and bone. Its biologically active form, vitamin C, functions as a reducing agent and coenzyme in several metabolic pathways. Vitamin C is considered an antioxidant.. L-ascorbic acid : The L-enantiomer of ascorbic acid and conjugate acid of L-ascorbate.. L-ascorbate : The L-enantiomer of ascorbate and conjugate base of L-ascorbic acid, arising from selective deprotonation of the 3-hydroxy group. Required for a range of essential metabolic reactions in all animals and plants.. vitamin C : Any member of a group of vitamers that belong to the chemical structural class called butenolides that exhibit biological activity against vitamin C deficiency in animals. The vitamers include L-ascorbic acid and its salt, ionized and oxidized forms.	2.6	1	0	ascorbic acid; vitamin C	coenzyme; cofactor; flour treatment agent; food antioxidant; food colour retention agent; geroprotector; plant metabolite; skin lightening agent
warfarin Warfarin: An anticoagulant that acts by inhibiting the synthesis of vitamin K-dependent coagulation factors. Warfarin is indicated for the prophylaxis and/or treatment of venous thrombosis and its extension, pulmonary embolism, and atrial fibrillation with embolization. It is also used as an adjunct in the prophylaxis of systemic embolism after myocardial infarction. Warfarin is also used as a rodenticide.. warfarin : A racemate comprising equal amounts of (R)- and (S)-warfarin. Extensively used as both an anticoagulant drug and as a pesticide against rats and mice.. 4-hydroxy-3-(3-oxo-1-phenylbutyl)-1-benzopyran-2-one : A member of the class of coumarins that is 4-hydroxycoumarin which is substituted at position 3 by a 1-phenyl-3-oxo-1-butyl group.	3.07	4	0	benzenes; hydroxycoumarin; methyl ketone
epidermal growth factor Epidermal Growth Factor: A 6-kDa polypeptide growth factor initially discovered in mouse submaxillary glands. Human epidermal growth factor was originally isolated from urine based on its ability to inhibit gastric secretion and called urogastrone. Epidermal growth factor exerts a wide variety of biological effects including the promotion of proliferation and differentiation of mesenchymal and EPITHELIAL CELLS. It is synthesized as a transmembrane protein which can be cleaved to release a soluble active form.	2.03	1	0
charybdotoxin [no description available]	2.42	2	0
transforming growth factor beta Transforming Growth Factor beta: A factor synthesized in a wide variety of tissues. It acts synergistically with TGF-alpha in inducing phenotypic transformation and can also act as a negative autocrine growth factor. TGF-beta has a potential role in embryonal development, cellular differentiation, hormone secretion, and immune function. TGF-beta is found mostly as homodimer forms of separate gene products TGF-beta1, TGF-beta2 or TGF-beta3. Heterodimers composed of TGF-beta1 and 2 (TGF-beta1.2) or of TGF-beta2 and 3 (TGF-beta2.3) have been isolated. The TGF-beta proteins are synthesized as precursor proteins.	2.98	4	0
platycoside e platycoside E: triterpenoid saponin from Platycodon grandiflorum; structure in first source	2.6	1	0	triterpenoid saponin	metabolite
deoxynivalenol-3-glucoside deoxynivalenol-3-glucoside: a major conjugate of deoxynivalenol in beer and some brewing intermediates	3.13	4	0	trichothecene
oligomycins Oligomycins: A closely related group of toxic substances elaborated by various strains of Streptomyces. They are 26-membered macrolides with lactone moieties and double bonds and inhibit various ATPases, causing uncoupling of phosphorylation from mitochondrial respiration. Used as tools in cytochemistry. Some specific oligomycins are RUTAMYCIN, peliomycin, and botrycidin (formerly venturicidin X).	2.4	2	0
benzyloxycarbonylvalyl-alanyl-aspartyl fluoromethyl ketone benzyloxycarbonylvalyl-alanyl-aspartyl fluoromethyl ketone: an interleukin-1beta converting enzyme (ICE)-like protease inhibitor	2.02	1	0
nitrophenols Nitrophenols: PHENOLS carrying nitro group substituents.	3.46	8	0
lewis x antigen Lewis X Antigen: A trisaccharide antigen expressed on glycolipids and many cell-surface glycoproteins. In the blood the antigen is found on the surface of NEUTROPHILS; EOSINOPHILS; and MONOCYTES. In addition, Lewis X antigen is a stage-specific embryonic antigen.	2.01	1	0
cobamamide cobamamide : A member of the class of cobalamins that is vitamin B12 in which the cyano group is replaced by a 5'-deoxyadenos-5'-yl moiety. It is one of the two metabolically active form of vitamin B12.	1.98	1	0
hyaluronoglucosaminidase Hyaluronoglucosaminidase: An enzyme that catalyzes the random hydrolysis of 1,4-linkages between N-acetyl-beta-D-glucosamine and D-glucuronate residues in hyaluronate. (From Enzyme Nomenclature, 1992) There has been use as ANTINEOPLASTIC AGENTS to limit NEOPLASM METASTASIS.	3.5	2	0
carboxyatractyloside carboxyatractyloside: RN given refers to parent cpd; structure	2	1	0
ganoderic acid a ganoderic acid A: isolated from Ganoderma lucidum; structure in first source	2.17	1	0
flavin mononucleotide Flavin Mononucleotide: A coenzyme for a number of oxidative enzymes including NADH DEHYDROGENASE. It is the principal form in which RIBOFLAVIN is found in cells and tissues.	1.97	1	0
digitonin Digitonin: A glycoside obtained from Digitalis purpurea; the aglycone is digitogenin which is bound to five sugars. Digitonin solubilizes lipids, especially in membranes and is used as a tool in cellular biochemistry, and reagent for precipitating cholesterol. It has no cardiac effects.. digitonin : A spirostanyl glycoside that is digitogenin in which the 3-hydroxy group is substituted by a beta-D-glucopyranosyl-(1->3)-beta-D-galactopyranosyl-(1->2)-[beta-D-xylopyranosyl-(1->3)]-beta-D-glucopyranosyl-(1->4)-beta-D-galactopyranosyl group. It is a steroidal saponin isolated from the foxglove plant, Digitalis purpurea. It is used extensively as a mild non-ionic detergent for extracting proteins from membranes for structure and function studies.	1.99	1	0
protopanaxadiol protopanaxadiol: triterpenoid sapogenin of ginsenosides from leaves of Panax ginseng; has antineoplastic activity; acid hydrolysis results in panaxadiol. protopanaxadiol : A tetracyclic triterpenoid sapogenin (isolated from ginseng) that is dammarane which is substituted by hydroxy groups at the 3beta, 12beta and 20 positions and in which a double bond has been introduced at the 24-25 position.	2.69	2	0
apyrase Apyrase: A calcium-activated enzyme that catalyzes the hydrolysis of ATP to yield AMP and orthophosphate. It can also act on ADP and other nucleoside triphosphates and diphosphates. EC 3.6.1.5.	3.92	12	0
chromomycins Chromomycins: A complex of several closely related glycosidic antibiotics from Streptomyces griseus. The major component, CHROMOMYCIN A3, is used as a fluorescent stain of DNA where it attaches and inhibits RNA synthesis. It is also used as an antineoplastic agent, especially for solid tumors.. chromomycin : A family of antibiotics isolated from Streptomyces griseus.	1.99	1	0
chondroitin sulfates Chondroitin Sulfates: Derivatives of chondroitin which have a sulfate moiety esterified to the galactosamine moiety of chondroitin. Chondroitin sulfate A, or chondroitin 4-sulfate, and chondroitin sulfate C, or chondroitin 6-sulfate, have the sulfate esterified in the 4- and 6-positions, respectively. Chondroitin sulfate B (beta heparin; DERMATAN SULFATE) is a misnomer and this compound is not a true chondroitin sulfate.	2.95	4	0
echinocandin b echinocandin B: a cyclic hexapeptide echinocandin antibiotic isolated from Aspergillus nidulans var. echinulatus with specific anti-yeast activity; inhibits beta-1,3-glucan synthesis. echinocandin B : A cyclic hexapeptide echinocandin antibiotic isolated from Aspergillus nidulans var. echinulatus with specific anti-yeast activity.	1.97	1	0
protopanaxatriol protopanaxatriol: triterpenoid sapogenin of ginsenosides from leaves of Panax ginseng; acid hydrolysis leads to panaxatriol. protopanaxatriol : A tetracyclic triterpenoid sapogenin (isolated from ginseng and notoginseng) that is that is dammarane which is substituted by hydroxy groups at the 3beta, 6alpha, 12beta and 20 pro-S positions and in which a double bond has been introduced at the 24-25 position.	2.61	2	0
acyclovir Acyclovir: A GUANOSINE analog that acts as an antimetabolite. Viruses are especially susceptible. Used especially against herpes.. acyclovir : An oxopurine that is guanine substituted by a (2-hydroxyethoxy)methyl substituent at position 9. Used in the treatment of viral infections.	2.05	1	0	2-aminopurines; oxopurine	antimetabolite; antiviral drug
levoleucovorin Levoleucovorin: A folate analog consisting of the pharmacologically active isomer of LEUCOVORIN.. (6S)-5-formyltetrahydrofolic acid : The pharmacologically active (6S)-stereoisomer of 5-formyltetrahydrofolic acid.	2.02	1	0	5-formyltetrahydrofolic acid	antineoplastic agent; metabolite
deoxyguanosine triphosphate [no description available]	2.1	1	0	deoxyguanosine phosphate; guanyl deoxyribonucleotide; purine 2'-deoxyribonucleoside 5'-triphosphate	Arabidopsis thaliana metabolite; Escherichia coli metabolite; human metabolite; mouse metabolite; plant metabolite; Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite
guanosine diphosphate Guanosine Diphosphate: A guanine nucleotide containing two phosphate groups esterified to the sugar moiety.	6.08	39	0	guanosine 5'-phosphate; purine ribonucleoside 5'-diphosphate	Escherichia coli metabolite; mouse metabolite; uncoupling protein inhibitor
guanosine diphosphate mannose Guanosine Diphosphate Mannose: A nucleoside diphosphate sugar which can be converted to the deoxy sugar GDPfucose, which provides fucose for lipopolysaccharides of bacterial cell walls. Also acts as mannose donor for glycolipid synthesis.. GDP-D-mannose : A GDP-mannose in which the mannose fragment has D-configuration.. GDP-alpha-D-mannose : The alpha-anomer of GDP-D-mannose.	2.91	4	0	GDP-D-mannose	Escherichia coli metabolite; human metabolite; mouse metabolite; plant metabolite
guanosine triphosphate Guanosine Triphosphate: Guanosine 5'-(tetrahydrogen triphosphate). A guanine nucleotide containing three phosphate groups esterified to the sugar moiety.	5.29	17	0	guanosine 5'-phosphate; purine ribonucleoside 5'-triphosphate	Escherichia coli metabolite; mouse metabolite; uncoupling protein inhibitor
guanine [no description available]	2.42	2	0	2-aminopurines; oxopurine; purine nucleobase	algal metabolite; Escherichia coli metabolite; human metabolite; mouse metabolite; Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite
inosine [no description available]	2.41	1	0	inosines; purines D-ribonucleoside	Escherichia coli metabolite; human metabolite; mouse metabolite; Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite
inosine triphosphate Inosine Triphosphate: Inosine 5'-(tetrahydrogen triphosphate). An inosine nucleotide containing three phosphate groups esterified to the sugar moiety. Synonym: IRPPP.	3.78	3	0	inosine phosphate; purine ribonucleoside 5'-triphosphate	Escherichia coli metabolite; human metabolite; mouse metabolite
inosine diphosphate Inosine Diphosphate: An inosine nucleotide containing a pyrophosphate group esterified to C5 of the sugar moiety.	3.08	5	0	inosine phosphate; purine ribonucleoside 5'-diphosphate	fundamental metabolite
folic acid folcysteine: used to promote fertility in chickens. vitamin B9 : Any B-vitamin that exhibits biological activity against vitamin B9 deficiency. Vitamin B9 refers to the many forms of folic acid and its derivatives, including tetrahydrofolic acid (the active form), methyltetrahydrofolate (the primary form found in blood), methenyltetrahydrofolate, folinic acid amongst others. They are present in abundance in green leafy vegetables, citrus fruits, and animal products. Lack of vitamin B9 leads to anemia, a condition in which the body cannot produce sufficient number of red blood cells. Symptoms of vitamin B9 deficiency include fatigue, muscle weakness, and pale skin.	2.01	1	0	folic acids; N-acyl-amino acid	human metabolite; mouse metabolite; nutrient
guanosine 5'-o-(3-thiotriphosphate) Guanosine 5'-O-(3-Thiotriphosphate): Guanosine 5'-(trihydrogen diphosphate), monoanhydride with phosphorothioic acid. A stable GTP analog which enjoys a variety of physiological actions such as stimulation of guanine nucleotide-binding proteins, phosphoinositide hydrolysis, cyclic AMP accumulation, and activation of specific proto-oncogenes.	2.91	4	0	nucleoside triphosphate analogue
rifampin Rifampin: A semisynthetic antibiotic produced from Streptomyces mediterranei. It has a broad antibacterial spectrum, including activity against several forms of Mycobacterium. In susceptible organisms it inhibits DNA-dependent RNA polymerase activity by forming a stable complex with the enzyme. It thus suppresses the initiation of RNA synthesis. Rifampin is bactericidal, and acts on both intracellular and extracellular organisms. (From Gilman et al., Goodman and Gilman's The Pharmacological Basis of Therapeutics, 9th ed, p1160)	7.73	3	0	cyclic ketal; hydrazone; N-iminopiperazine; N-methylpiperazine; rifamycins; semisynthetic derivative; zwitterion	angiogenesis inhibitor; antiamoebic agent; antineoplastic agent; antitubercular agent; DNA synthesis inhibitor; EC 2.7.7.6 (RNA polymerase) inhibitor; Escherichia coli metabolite; geroprotector; leprostatic drug; neuroprotective agent; pregnane X receptor agonist; protein synthesis inhibitor
guanylyl imidodiphosphate Guanylyl Imidodiphosphate: A non-hydrolyzable analog of GTP, in which the oxygen atom bridging the beta to the gamma phosphate is replaced by a nitrogen atom. It binds tightly to G-protein in the presence of Mg2+. The nucleotide is a potent stimulator of ADENYLYL CYCLASES.. guanosine 5'-[beta,gamma-imido]triphosphate : A nucleoside triphosphate analogue that is GTP in which the oxygen atom bridging the beta- to the gamma- phosphate is replaced by a nitrogen atom A non-hydrolyzable analog of GTP, it binds tightly to G-protein in the presence of Mg(2+).	1.96	1	0	nucleoside triphosphate analogue
guanosine 5'-o-(2-thiodiphosphate) [no description available]	2.67	3	0	nucleoside diphosphate analogue
imidacloprid imidacloprid: systemic & contact insecticide exhibiting low mammalian toxicity; structure given in first source; it is one of the neonicotinoid insecticides, which acts as an antagonist by binding to postsynaptic nicotinic receptors in the insect central nervous system. imidacloprid : An imidazolidine that is N-nitroimidazolidin-2-imine bearing a (6-chloro-3-pyridinyl)methyl substituent at position 1.	2.31	1	0	imidacloprid; imidazolidines; monochloropyridine	environmental contaminant; genotoxin; neonicotinoid insectide; nicotinic acetylcholine receptor agonist; xenobiotic
9-beta-d-arabinofuranosylguanosine 5'-triphosphate [no description available]	2.1	1	0
opicapone opicapone: structure in first source	2.41	1	0	oxadiazole; ring assembly
gdp mannuronate [no description available]	2.41	1	0
lipoteichoic acid lipoteichoic acid: lipopolysaccharides with an acyl group anchored to the cell membrane of gram-positive bacteria; functions as an adhesion molecule to facilitate the binding of bacteria to cells, colonization, and invasion; interacts with CD14 to induce NF-κB activation and inflammatory cytokine production; can function as surface antigen; inhibits remineraliztion of artificial lesions and surface-softened enamels;. lipoteichoic acid : A teichoic acid which is covalently bound to a lipid.	2.1	1	0
eye [no description available]	2	1	0
chromomycin a3 Chromomycin A3: Glycosidic antibiotic from Streptomyces griseus used as a fluorescent stain of DNA and as an antineoplastic agent.	1.99	1	0
argyrophilic acid [no description available]	2.41	1	0
concanavalin a Concanavalin A: A MANNOSE/GLUCOSE binding lectin isolated from the jack bean (Canavalia ensiformis). It is a potent mitogen used to stimulate cell proliferation in lymphocytes, primarily T-lymphocyte, cultures.	1.96	1	0
dinitrobenzenes Dinitrobenzenes: Benzene derivatives which are substituted with two nitro groups in the ortho, meta or para positions.	2.1	1	0
phosphorus radioisotopes Phosphorus Radioisotopes: Unstable isotopes of phosphorus that decay or disintegrate emitting radiation. P atoms with atomic weights 28-34 except 31 are radioactive phosphorus isotopes.	2.68	3	0
araban araban: contains arabinose & galactose	2.02	1	0
phenanthrenes Phenanthrenes: POLYCYCLIC AROMATIC HYDROCARBONS composed of three fused BENZENE rings.. phenanthrenes : Any benzenoid aromatic compound that consists of a phenanthrene skeleton and its substituted derivatives thereof.	2.41	1	0

Condition	Relationship Strength	Studies	Trials
Pregnancy The status during which female mammals carry their developing young (EMBRYOS or FETUSES) in utero before birth, beginning from FERTILIZATION to BIRTH.	5.12	10	0
Cerebral Ischemia [description not available]	2.51	2	0
Brain Ischemia Localized reduction of blood flow to brain tissue due to arterial obstruction or systemic hypoperfusion. This frequently occurs in conjunction with brain hypoxia (HYPOXIA, BRAIN). Prolonged ischemia is associated with BRAIN INFARCTION.	2.51	2	0
Anemia, Fanconi [description not available]	2.13	1	0
Fanconi Anemia Congenital disorder affecting all bone marrow elements, resulting in ANEMIA; LEUKOPENIA; and THROMBOPENIA, and associated with cardiac, renal, and limb malformations as well as dermal pigmentary changes. Spontaneous CHROMOSOME BREAKAGE is a feature of this disease along with predisposition to LEUKEMIA. There are at least 7 complementation groups in Fanconi anemia: FANCA, FANCB, FANCC, FANCD1, FANCD2, FANCE, FANCF, FANCG, and FANCL. (from Online Mendelian Inheritance in Man, http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/dispomim.cgi?id=227650, August 20, 2004)	2.13	1	0
Congenital Zika Syndrome [description not available]	2.25	1	0
Disease Models, Animal Naturally-occurring or experimentally-induced animal diseases with pathological processes analogous to human diseases.	5.85	20	0
Zika Virus Infection A viral disease transmitted by the bite of AEDES mosquitoes infected with ZIKA VIRUS. Its mild DENGUE-like symptoms include fever, rash, headaches and ARTHRALGIA. The viral infection during pregnancy, in rare cases, is associated with congenital brain and ocular abnormalities, called Congenital Zika Syndrome, including MICROCEPHALY and may also lead to GUILLAIN-BARRE SYNDROME.	2.25	1	0
Diaphragmatic Paralysis [description not available]	2.6	1	0
Acute Kidney Failure [description not available]	3.33	1	0
Innate Inflammatory Response [description not available]	4.8	11	0
Nephritis Inflammation of any part of the KIDNEY.	3.33	1	0
Injury, Ischemia-Reperfusion [description not available]	4.13	3	0
Inflammation A pathological process characterized by injury or destruction of tissues caused by a variety of cytologic and chemical reactions. It is usually manifested by typical signs of pain, heat, redness, swelling, and loss of function.	4.8	11	0
Reperfusion Injury Adverse functional, metabolic, or structural changes in tissues that result from the restoration of blood flow to the tissue (REPERFUSION) following ISCHEMIA.	4.13	3	0
Acute Kidney Injury Abrupt reduction in kidney function. Acute kidney injury encompasses the entire spectrum of the syndrome including acute kidney failure; ACUTE KIDNEY TUBULAR NECROSIS; and other less severe conditions.	3.33	1	0
ER-Negative PR-Negative HER2-Negative Breast Cancer [description not available]	2.41	1	0
Neutropenia A decrease in the number of NEUTROPHILS found in the blood.	7.41	1	0
Triple Negative Breast Neoplasms Breast neoplasms that do not express ESTROGEN RECEPTORS; PROGESTERONE RECEPTORS; and do not overexpress the NEU RECEPTOR/HER-2 PROTO-ONCOGENE PROTEIN.	2.41	1	0
Acute Liver Injury, Drug-Induced [description not available]	2.41	2	0
Chemical and Drug Induced Liver Injury, Chronic Liver disease lasting six months or more, caused by an adverse effect of a drug or chemical. The adverse effect may be caused by drugs, drug metabolites, chemicals from the environment, or an idiosyncratic response.	2.31	1	0
Chemical and Drug Induced Liver Injury A spectrum of clinical liver diseases ranging from mild biochemical abnormalities to ACUTE LIVER FAILURE, caused by drugs, drug metabolites, herbal and dietary supplements and chemicals from the environment.	2.41	2	0
Breast Cancer [description not available]	7.86	3	0
Breast Neoplasms Tumors or cancer of the human BREAST.	2.86	3	0
Orphan Diseases Rare diseases that have not been well studied.	4.02	3	0
Undiagnosed Diseases Rare and common diseases lacking a diagnosis.	4.96	5	0
Icterus [description not available]	2.41	1	0
Jaundice A clinical manifestation of HYPERBILIRUBINEMIA, characterized by the yellowish staining of the SKIN; MUCOUS MEMBRANE; and SCLERA. Clinical jaundice usually is a sign of LIVER dysfunction.	2.41	1	0
Benign Neoplasms [description not available]	6.16	11	0
Neoplasms New abnormal growth of tissue. Malignant neoplasms show a greater degree of anaplasia and have the properties of invasion and metastasis, compared to benign neoplasms.	6.16	11	0
Anterior Cervical Pain [description not available]	3.33	1	0
Cephalgia Syndromes [description not available]	3.33	1	0
Post-Dural Puncture Headache A secondary headache disorder attributed to low CEREBROSPINAL FLUID pressure caused by SPINAL PUNCTURE, usually after dural or lumbar puncture.	4.79	4	0
Back Ache [description not available]	3.33	1	0
Bilateral Headache [description not available]	3.33	1	0
Back Pain Acute or chronic pain located in the posterior regions of the THORAX; LUMBOSACRAL REGION; or the adjacent regions.	3.33	1	0
Headache The symptom of PAIN in the cranial region. It may be an isolated benign occurrence or manifestation of a wide variety of HEADACHE DISORDERS.	3.33	1	0
Neck Pain Discomfort or more intense forms of pain that are localized to the cervical region. This term generally refers to pain in the posterior or lateral regions of the neck.	3.33	1	0
Headache Disorders Various conditions with the symptom of HEADACHE. Headache disorders are classified into major groups, such as PRIMARY HEADACHE DISORDERS (based on characteristics of their headache symptoms) and SECONDARY HEADACHE DISORDERS (based on their etiologies). (International Classification of Headache Disorders, 2nd ed. Cephalalgia 2004: suppl 1)	3.33	1	0
Cirrhosis, Liver [description not available]	2.41	1	0
Liver Cirrhosis Liver disease in which the normal microcirculation, the gross vascular anatomy, and the hepatic architecture have been variably destroyed and altered with fibrous septa surrounding regenerated or regenerating parenchymal nodules.	2.41	1	0
Acute Confusional Senile Dementia [description not available]	3.64	2	0
Alzheimer Disease A degenerative disease of the BRAIN characterized by the insidious onset of DEMENTIA. Impairment of MEMORY, judgment, attention span, and problem solving skills are followed by severe APRAXIAS and a global loss of cognitive abilities. The condition primarily occurs after age 60, and is marked pathologically by severe cortical atrophy and the triad of SENILE PLAQUES; NEUROFIBRILLARY TANGLES; and NEUROPIL THREADS. (From Adams et al., Principles of Neurology, 6th ed, pp1049-57)	3.64	2	0
Cerebral Infarction, Middle Cerebral Artery [description not available]	2.9	2	0
Apoplexy [description not available]	3.64	2	0
Ischemia A hypoperfusion of the BLOOD through an organ or tissue caused by a PATHOLOGIC CONSTRICTION or obstruction of its BLOOD VESSELS, or an absence of BLOOD CIRCULATION.	2.41	1	0
Infarction, Middle Cerebral Artery NECROSIS occurring in the MIDDLE CEREBRAL ARTERY distribution system which brings blood to the entire lateral aspects of each CEREBRAL HEMISPHERE. Clinical signs include impaired cognition; APHASIA; AGRAPHIA; weak and numbness in the face and arms, contralaterally or bilaterally depending on the infarction.	2.9	2	0
Stroke A group of pathological conditions characterized by sudden, non-convulsive loss of neurological function due to BRAIN ISCHEMIA or INTRACRANIAL HEMORRHAGES. Stroke is classified by the type of tissue NECROSIS, such as the anatomic location, vasculature involved, etiology, age of the affected individual, and hemorrhagic vs. non-hemorrhagic nature. (From Adams et al., Principles of Neurology, 6th ed, pp777-810)	3.64	2	0
Cancer of Prostate [description not available]	3.74	2	0
Prostatic Neoplasms Tumors or cancer of the PROSTATE.	3.74	2	0
Adenoma, Prostatic [description not available]	2.41	1	0
Hyperplasia An increase in the number of cells in a tissue or organ without tumor formation. It differs from HYPERTROPHY, which is an increase in bulk without an increase in the number of cells.	2.41	1	0
Prostatic Hyperplasia Increase in constituent cells in the PROSTATE, leading to enlargement of the organ (hypertrophy) and adverse impact on the lower urinary tract function. This can be caused by increased rate of cell proliferation, reduced rate of cell death, or both.	2.41	1	0
Lung Injury, Acute [description not available]	2.41	1	0
Acute Lung Injury A condition of lung damage that is characterized by bilateral pulmonary infiltrates (PULMONARY EDEMA) rich in NEUTROPHILS, and in the absence of clinical HEART FAILURE. This can represent a spectrum of pulmonary lesions, endothelial and epithelial, due to numerous factors (physical, chemical, or biological).	2.41	1	0
Anaplastic Astrocytoma [description not available]	2.73	3	0
Astrocytoma Neoplasms of the brain and spinal cord derived from glial cells which vary from histologically benign forms to highly anaplastic and malignant tumors. Fibrillary astrocytomas are the most common type and may be classified in order of increasing malignancy (grades I through IV). In the first two decades of life, astrocytomas tend to originate in the cerebellar hemispheres; in adults, they most frequently arise in the cerebrum and frequently undergo malignant transformation. (From Devita et al., Cancer: Principles and Practice of Oncology, 5th ed, pp2013-7; Holland et al., Cancer Medicine, 3d ed, p1082)	2.73	3	0
Ovine Diseases [description not available]	2.66	2	0
Chondrodystrophic Myotonia [description not available]	2.9	2	0
Neoplastic Processes The pathological mechanisms and forms taken by tissue during degeneration into a neoplasm and its subsequent activity.	2.41	1	0
Hepatocellular Carcinoma [description not available]	3.25	5	0
Cancer of Liver [description not available]	3.37	4	0
Carcinoma, Hepatocellular A primary malignant neoplasm of epithelial liver cells. It ranges from a well-differentiated tumor with EPITHELIAL CELLS indistinguishable from normal HEPATOCYTES to a poorly differentiated neoplasm. The cells may be uniform or markedly pleomorphic, or form GIANT CELLS. Several classification schemes have been suggested.	3.25	5	0
Liver Neoplasms Tumors or cancer of the LIVER.	3.37	4	0
Muscle Contraction A process leading to shortening and/or development of tension in muscle tissue. Muscle contraction occurs by a sliding filament mechanism whereby actin filaments slide inward among the myosin filaments.	3.32	6	0
Acidemia Propionic [description not available]	2.41	1	0
Hyperammonemia Elevated level of AMMONIA in the blood. It is a sign of defective CATABOLISM of AMINO ACIDS or ammonia to UREA.	2.41	1	0
Propionic Acidemia Autosomal recessive metabolic disorder caused by mutations in PROPIONYL-COA CARBOXYLASE genes that result in dysfunction of branch chain amino acids and of the metabolism of certain fatty acids. Neonatal clinical onset is characterized by severe metabolic acidemia accompanied by hyperammonemia, HYPERGLYCEMIA, lethargy, vomiting, HYPOTONIA; and HEPATOMEGALY. Survivors of the neonatal onset propionic acidemia often show developmental retardation, and intolerance to dietary proteins. Late-onset form of the disease shows mild mental and/or developmental retardation, sometimes without metabolic acidemia.	2.41	1	0
Disease Resistance The capacity of an organism to defend itself against pathological processes or the agents of those processes. This most often involves innate immunity whereby the organism responds to pathogens in a generic way. The term disease resistance is used most frequently when referring to plants.	3.13	4	0
Fish Diseases Diseases of freshwater, marine, hatchery or aquarium fish. This term includes diseases of both teleosts (true fish) and elasmobranchs (sharks, rays and skates).	2.41	1	0
Cronobacter Infections [description not available]	2.41	1	0
Enterobacteriaceae Infections Infections with bacteria of the family ENTEROBACTERIACEAE.	2.41	1	0
Allodynia [description not available]	4.07	2	1
Low Back Ache [description not available]	3.8	1	1
Low Back Pain Acute or chronic pain in the lumbar or sacral regions, which may be associated with musculo-ligamentous SPRAINS AND STRAINS; INTERVERTEBRAL DISK DISPLACEMENT; and other conditions.	3.8	1	1
Muscular Weakness [description not available]	2.41	1	0
Carbohydrate-Deficient Glycoprotein Syndrome [description not available]	2.41	1	0
Retinal Diseases Diseases involving the RETINA.	2.41	1	0
Muscle Weakness A vague complaint of debility, fatigue, or exhaustion attributable to weakness of various muscles. The weakness can be characterized as subacute or chronic, often progressive, and is a manifestation of many muscle and neuromuscular diseases. (From Wyngaarden et al., Cecil Textbook of Medicine, 19th ed, p2251)	2.41	1	0
Congenital Disorders of Glycosylation A genetically heterogeneous group of heritable disorders resulting from defects in protein N-glycosylation.	2.41	1	0
Diabetes Mellitus, Adult-Onset [description not available]	4.24	6	0
Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 A subclass of DIABETES MELLITUS that is not INSULIN-responsive or dependent (NIDDM). It is characterized initially by INSULIN RESISTANCE and HYPERINSULINEMIA; and eventually by GLUCOSE INTOLERANCE; HYPERGLYCEMIA; and overt diabetes. Type II diabetes mellitus is no longer considered a disease exclusively found in adults. Patients seldom develop KETOSIS but often exhibit OBESITY.	4.24	6	0
Infections, Staphylococcal [description not available]	2.88	4	0
Staphylococcal Infections Infections with bacteria of the genus STAPHYLOCOCCUS.	2.88	4	0
Allergic Alveolitis, Extrinsic [description not available]	2.41	1	0
Alveolitis, Extrinsic Allergic A common interstitial lung disease caused by hypersensitivity reactions of PULMONARY ALVEOLI after inhalation of and sensitization to environmental antigens of microbial, animal, or chemical sources. The disease is characterized by lymphocytic alveolitis and granulomatous pneumonitis.	2.41	1	0
Thrombopenia [description not available]	4.21	9	0
Thrombocytopenia A subnormal level of BLOOD PLATELETS.	4.21	9	0
Sterility, Male [description not available]	6.7	9	0
Infertility, Male The inability of the male to effect FERTILIZATION of an OVUM after a specified period of unprotected intercourse. Male sterility is permanent infertility.	6.7	9	0
Lymph Node Metastasis [description not available]	4.02	9	0
Cancer of Stomach [description not available]	3.97	10	0
Local Neoplasm Recurrence [description not available]	4.02	9	0
Stomach Neoplasms Tumors or cancer of the STOMACH.	3.97	10	0
Bacterial Disease [description not available]	4.01	10	0
Bacterial Infections Infections by bacteria, general or unspecified.	4.01	10	0
Cytomegalovirus A genus of the family HERPESVIRIDAE, subfamily BETAHERPESVIRINAE, infecting the salivary glands, liver, spleen, lungs, eyes, and other organs, in which they produce characteristically enlarged cells with intranuclear inclusions. Infection with Cytomegalovirus is also seen as an opportunistic infection in AIDS.	3.33	4	0
HIV Coinfection [description not available]	2.6	1	0
HIV Infections Includes the spectrum of human immunodeficiency virus infections that range from asymptomatic seropositivity, thru AIDS-related complex (ARC), to acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS).	2.6	1	0
Cancer of Pancreas [description not available]	3.26	5	0
Pancreatic Neoplasms Tumors or cancer of the PANCREAS. Depending on the types of ISLET CELLS present in the tumors, various hormones can be secreted: GLUCAGON from PANCREATIC ALPHA CELLS; INSULIN from PANCREATIC BETA CELLS; and SOMATOSTATIN from the SOMATOSTATIN-SECRETING CELLS. Most are malignant except the insulin-producing tumors (INSULINOMA).	3.26	5	0
Deficiency, Magnesium [description not available]	2.6	1	0
Magnesium Deficiency A nutritional condition produced by a deficiency of magnesium in the diet, characterized by anorexia, nausea, vomiting, lethargy, and weakness. Symptoms are paresthesias, muscle cramps, irritability, decreased attention span, and mental confusion, possibly requiring months to appear. Deficiency of body magnesium can exist even when serum values are normal. In addition, magnesium deficiency may be organ-selective, since certain tissues become deficient before others. (Harrison's Principles of Internal Medicine, 12th ed, p1936)	2.6	1	0
Acute Myelogenous Leukemia [description not available]	3.99	1	1
Leukemia, Myeloid, Acute Clonal expansion of myeloid blasts in bone marrow, blood, and other tissue. Myeloid leukemias develop from changes in cells that normally produce NEUTROPHILS; BASOPHILS; EOSINOPHILS; and MONOCYTES.	3.99	1	1
Cancer of Lung [description not available]	2.77	3	0
Lung Neoplasms Tumors or cancer of the LUNG.	2.77	3	0
Abnormalities, Musculoskeletal [description not available]	2.6	1	0
Hereditary Autoinflammation Diseases [description not available]	3.52	1	0
Pyrexia [description not available]	3.52	1	0
Fever An abnormal elevation of body temperature, usually as a result of a pathologic process.	3.52	1	0
Blood Poisoning [description not available]	2.6	1	0
Sepsis Systemic inflammatory response syndrome with a proven or suspected infectious etiology. When sepsis is associated with organ dysfunction distant from the site of infection, it is called severe sepsis. When sepsis is accompanied by HYPOTENSION despite adequate fluid infusion, it is called SEPTIC SHOCK.	2.6	1	0
Fatty Liver, Nonalcoholic [description not available]	2.6	1	0
Non-alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease Fatty liver finding without excessive ALCOHOL CONSUMPTION.	2.6	1	0
Chronic Kidney Diseases [description not available]	2.6	1	0
Diabetes Mellitus A heterogeneous group of disorders characterized by HYPERGLYCEMIA and GLUCOSE INTOLERANCE.	3.53	2	0
Renal Insufficiency, Chronic Conditions in which the KIDNEYS perform below the normal level for more than three months. Chronic kidney insufficiency is classified by five stages according to the decline in GLOMERULAR FILTRATION RATE and the degree of kidney damage (as measured by the level of PROTEINURIA). The most severe form is the end-stage renal disease (CHRONIC KIDNEY FAILURE). (Kidney Foundation: Kidney Disease Outcome Quality Initiative, 2002)	2.6	1	0
Cardiac Failure [description not available]	3.69	3	0
Heart Failure A heterogeneous condition in which the heart is unable to pump out sufficient blood to meet the metabolic need of the body. Heart failure can be caused by structural defects, functional abnormalities (VENTRICULAR DYSFUNCTION), or a sudden overload beyond its capacity. Chronic heart failure is more common than acute heart failure which results from sudden insult to cardiac function, such as MYOCARDIAL INFARCTION.	3.69	3	0
Cyst [description not available]	2.6	1	0
Diabetic Angiopathies VASCULAR DISEASES that are associated with DIABETES MELLITUS.	2.49	2	0
Anesthesia A state characterized by loss of feeling or sensation. This depression of nerve function is usually the result of pharmacologic action and is induced to allow performance of surgery or other painful procedures.	2.6	1	0
Degenerative Diseases, Central Nervous System [description not available]	3.17	1	0
Insulin Sensitivity [description not available]	3.88	4	0
Insulin Resistance Diminished effectiveness of INSULIN in lowering blood sugar levels: requiring the use of 200 units or more of insulin per day to prevent HYPERGLYCEMIA or KETOSIS.	3.88	4	0
Neurodegenerative Diseases Hereditary and sporadic conditions which are characterized by progressive nervous system dysfunction. These disorders are often associated with atrophy of the affected central or peripheral nervous system structures.	3.17	1	0
Malignant Melanoma [description not available]	2.25	1	0
Melanoma A malignant neoplasm derived from cells that are capable of forming melanin, which may occur in the skin of any part of the body, in the eye, or, rarely, in the mucous membranes of the genitalia, anus, oral cavity, or other sites. It occurs mostly in adults and may originate de novo or from a pigmented nevus or malignant lentigo. Melanomas frequently metastasize widely, and the regional lymph nodes, liver, lungs, and brain are likely to be involved. The incidence of malignant skin melanomas is rising rapidly in all parts of the world. (Stedman, 25th ed; from Rook et al., Textbook of Dermatology, 4th ed, p2445)	2.25	1	0
Cholangiitis, Sclerosing [description not available]	2.25	1	0
Cholangitis, Sclerosing Chronic inflammatory disease of the BILIARY TRACT. It is characterized by fibrosis and hardening of the intrahepatic and extrahepatic biliary ductal systems leading to bile duct strictures, CHOLESTASIS, and eventual BILIARY CIRRHOSIS.	2.25	1	0
Experimental Neoplasms [description not available]	2.25	1	0
Constitutional Liver Dysfunction [description not available]	2.46	2	0
Cardiomyopathies, Primary [description not available]	2.47	2	0
Crigler Najjar Syndrome [description not available]	2.45	2	0
Cardiomyopathies A group of diseases in which the dominant feature is the involvement of the CARDIAC MUSCLE itself. Cardiomyopathies are classified according to their predominant pathophysiological features (DILATED CARDIOMYOPATHY; HYPERTROPHIC CARDIOMYOPATHY; RESTRICTIVE CARDIOMYOPATHY) or their etiological/pathological factors (CARDIOMYOPATHY, ALCOHOLIC; ENDOCARDIAL FIBROELASTOSIS).	2.47	2	0
Peripheral Arterial Diseases [description not available]	2.31	1	0
Blood Pressure, High [description not available]	2.54	2	0
Hypertension Persistently high systemic arterial BLOOD PRESSURE. Based on multiple readings (BLOOD PRESSURE DETERMINATION), hypertension is currently defined as when SYSTOLIC PRESSURE is consistently greater than 140 mm Hg or when DIASTOLIC PRESSURE is consistently 90 mm Hg or more.	2.54	2	0
Peripheral Arterial Disease Lack of perfusion in the EXTREMITIES resulting from atherosclerosis. It is characterized by INTERMITTENT CLAUDICATION, and an ANKLE BRACHIAL INDEX of 0.9 or less.	2.31	1	0
Arrhythmia [description not available]	2.31	1	0
Tachyarrhythmia [description not available]	2.31	1	0
Injury, Myocardial Reperfusion [description not available]	2.52	2	0
Acute Disease Disease having a short and relatively severe course.	2.71	3	0
Arrhythmias, Cardiac Any disturbances of the normal rhythmic beating of the heart or MYOCARDIAL CONTRACTION. Cardiac arrhythmias can be classified by the abnormalities in HEART RATE, disorders of electrical impulse generation, or impulse conduction.	2.31	1	0
Tachycardia Abnormally rapid heartbeat, usually with a HEART RATE above 100 beats per minute for adults. Tachycardia accompanied by disturbance in the cardiac depolarization (cardiac arrhythmia) is called tachyarrhythmia.	2.31	1	0
Ventricular Fibrillation A potentially lethal cardiac arrhythmia that is characterized by uncoordinated extremely rapid firing of electrical impulses (400-600/min) in HEART VENTRICLES. Such asynchronous ventricular quivering or fibrillation prevents any effective cardiac output and results in unconsciousness (SYNCOPE). It is one of the major electrocardiographic patterns seen with CARDIAC ARREST.	2.31	1	0
Cranial Nerve II Diseases [description not available]	2.15	1	0
Aging The gradual irreversible changes in structure and function of an organism that occur as a result of the passage of time.	2.46	2	0
Glaucoma An ocular disease, occurring in many forms, having as its primary characteristics an unstable or a sustained increase in the intraocular pressure which the eye cannot withstand without damage to its structure or impairment of its function. The consequences of the increased pressure may be manifested in a variety of symptoms, depending upon type and severity, such as excavation of the optic disk, hardness of the eyeball, corneal anesthesia, reduced visual acuity, seeing of colored halos around lights, disturbed dark adaptation, visual field defects, and headaches. (Dictionary of Visual Science, 4th ed)	2.79	3	0
Intraocular Pressure The pressure of the fluids in the eye.	2.79	3	0
Optic Nerve Diseases Conditions which produce injury or dysfunction of the second cranial or optic nerve, which is generally considered a component of the central nervous system. Damage to optic nerve fibers may occur at or near their origin in the retina, at the optic disk, or in the nerve, optic chiasm, optic tract, or lateral geniculate nuclei. Clinical manifestations may include decreased visual acuity and contrast sensitivity, impaired color vision, and an afferent pupillary defect.	2.15	1	0
C gattii Infection [description not available]	2.49	2	0
Cryptococcosis Fungal infection caused by genus CRYPTOCOCCUS.	2.49	2	0
Aspergillus Infection [description not available]	2.17	1	0
Aspergillosis Infections with fungi of the genus ASPERGILLUS.	2.17	1	0
Cirrhosis [description not available]	2.49	2	0
Fibrosis Any pathological condition where fibrous connective tissue invades any organ, usually as a consequence of inflammation or other injury.	2.49	2	0
Haemophilus Infections Infections with bacteria of the genus HAEMOPHILUS.	2.21	1	0
Nerve Pain [description not available]	2.46	2	0
Neuralgia Intense or aching pain that occurs along the course or distribution of a peripheral or cranial nerve.	2.46	2	0
Bacteroides Infections Infections with bacteria of the genus BACTEROIDES.	2.08	1	0
Idiopathic Parkinson Disease [description not available]	2.08	1	0
Parkinson Disease A progressive, degenerative neurologic disease characterized by a TREMOR that is maximal at rest, retropulsion (i.e. a tendency to fall backwards), rigidity, stooped posture, slowness of voluntary movements, and a masklike facial expression. Pathologic features include loss of melanin containing neurons in the substantia nigra and other pigmented nuclei of the brainstem. LEWY BODIES are present in the substantia nigra and locus coeruleus but may also be found in a related condition (LEWY BODY DISEASE, DIFFUSE) characterized by dementia in combination with varying degrees of parkinsonism. (Adams et al., Principles of Neurology, 6th ed, p1059, pp1067-75)	2.08	1	0
American Trypanosomiasis [description not available]	2.77	3	0
Chagas Disease Infection with the protozoan parasite TRYPANOSOMA CRUZI, a form of TRYPANOSOMIASIS endemic in Central and South America. It is named after the Brazilian physician Carlos Chagas, who discovered the parasite. Infection by the parasite (positive serologic result only) is distinguished from the clinical manifestations that develop years later, such as destruction of PARASYMPATHETIC GANGLIA; CHAGAS CARDIOMYOPATHY; and dysfunction of the ESOPHAGUS or COLON.	2.77	3	0
Necrosis The death of cells in an organ or tissue due to disease, injury or failure of the blood supply.	2.1	1	0
Atherogenesis [description not available]	3.69	3	0
Atheroma [description not available]	2.1	1	0
Aortic Diseases Pathological processes involving any part of the AORTA.	2.1	1	0
Atherosclerosis A thickening and loss of elasticity of the walls of ARTERIES that occurs with formation of ATHEROSCLEROTIC PLAQUES within the ARTERIAL INTIMA.	3.69	3	0
Asthma, Bronchial [description not available]	3.44	2	0
Kidney, Polycystic [description not available]	3.03	1	0
Sphingolipid Storage Diseases [description not available]	3.03	1	0
Asthma A form of bronchial disorder with three distinct components: airway hyper-responsiveness (RESPIRATORY HYPERSENSITIVITY), airway INFLAMMATION, and intermittent AIRWAY OBSTRUCTION. It is characterized by spasmodic contraction of airway smooth muscle, WHEEZING, and dyspnea (DYSPNEA, PAROXYSMAL).	3.44	2	0
Polycystic Kidney Diseases Hereditary diseases that are characterized by the progressive expansion of a large number of tightly packed CYSTS within the KIDNEYS. They include diseases with autosomal dominant and autosomal recessive inheritance.	3.03	1	0
Arthritis, Degenerative [description not available]	2.1	1	0
Osteoarthritis A progressive, degenerative joint disease, the most common form of arthritis, especially in older persons. The disease is thought to result not from the aging process but from biochemical changes and biomechanical stresses affecting articular cartilage. In the foreign literature it is often called osteoarthrosis deformans.	2.1	1	0
Koch's Disease [description not available]	2.1	1	0
Tuberculosis Any of the infectious diseases of man and other animals caused by species of MYCOBACTERIUM TUBERCULOSIS.	2.1	1	0
Acid beta-Glucosidase Deficiency [description not available]	2.11	1	0
B-Cell Lymphoma [description not available]	2.46	2	0
Gaucher Disease An autosomal recessive disorder caused by a deficiency of acid beta-glucosidase (GLUCOSYLCERAMIDASE) leading to intralysosomal accumulation of glycosylceramide mainly in cells of the MONONUCLEAR PHAGOCYTE SYSTEM. The characteristic Gaucher cells, glycosphingolipid-filled HISTIOCYTES, displace normal cells in BONE MARROW and visceral organs causing skeletal deterioration, hepatosplenomegaly, and organ dysfunction. There are several subtypes based on the presence and severity of neurological involvement.	2.11	1	0
Lymphoma, B-Cell A group of heterogeneous lymphoid tumors generally expressing one or more B-cell antigens or representing malignant transformations of B-lymphocytes.	2.46	2	0
Stomatitis, Vesicular [description not available]	2.1	1	0
Muscle Relaxation That phase of a muscle twitch during which a muscle returns to a resting position.	2.49	2	0
Nociceptive Pain Dull or sharp aching pain caused by stimulated NOCICEPTORS due to tissue injury, inflammation or diseases. It can be divided into somatic or tissue pain and VISCERAL PAIN.	2.11	1	0
Granulocytic Leukemia [description not available]	2.42	2	0
Leukemia, Myeloid Form of leukemia characterized by an uncontrolled proliferation of the myeloid lineage and their precursors (MYELOID PROGENITOR CELLS) in the bone marrow and other sites.	2.42	2	0
Obesity A status with BODY WEIGHT that is grossly above the recommended standards, usually due to accumulation of excess FATS in the body. The standards may vary with age, sex, genetic or cultural background. In the BODY MASS INDEX, a BMI greater than 30.0 kg/m2 is considered obese, and a BMI greater than 40.0 kg/m2 is considered morbidly obese (MORBID OBESITY).	2.53	2	0
Neuroblastoma A common neoplasm of early childhood arising from neural crest cells in the sympathetic nervous system, and characterized by diverse clinical behavior, ranging from spontaneous remission to rapid metastatic progression and death. This tumor is the most common intraabdominal malignancy of childhood, but it may also arise from thorax, neck, or rarely occur in the central nervous system. Histologic features include uniform round cells with hyperchromatic nuclei arranged in nests and separated by fibrovascular septa. Neuroblastomas may be associated with the opsoclonus-myoclonus syndrome. (From DeVita et al., Cancer: Principles and Practice of Oncology, 5th ed, pp2099-2101; Curr Opin Oncol 1998 Jan;10(1):43-51)	2.72	3	0
E coli Infections [description not available]	2.13	1	0
Escherichia coli Infections Infections with bacteria of the species ESCHERICHIA COLI.	2.13	1	0
Invasiveness, Neoplasm [description not available]	2.13	1	0
Cardiovascular Stroke [description not available]	2.47	2	0
Myocardial Infarction NECROSIS of the MYOCARDIUM caused by an obstruction of the blood supply to the heart (CORONARY CIRCULATION).	7.47	2	0
Cerebromeningitis [description not available]	2.13	1	0
Allergic Reaction [description not available]	2.13	1	0
Hypersensitivity Altered reactivity to an antigen, which can result in pathologic reactions upon subsequent exposure to that particular antigen.	2.13	1	0
Hyperphagia Ingestion of a greater than optimal quantity of food.	2.15	1	0
Glial Cell Tumors [description not available]	2.92	4	0
Glioma Benign and malignant central nervous system neoplasms derived from glial cells (i.e., astrocytes, oligodendrocytes, and ependymocytes). Astrocytes may give rise to astrocytomas (ASTROCYTOMA) or glioblastoma multiforme (see GLIOBLASTOMA). Oligodendrocytes give rise to oligodendrogliomas (OLIGODENDROGLIOMA) and ependymocytes may undergo transformation to become EPENDYMOMA; CHOROID PLEXUS NEOPLASMS; or colloid cysts of the third ventricle. (From Escourolle et al., Manual of Basic Neuropathology, 2nd ed, p21)	2.92	4	0
Bile Duct Obstruction [description not available]	2.43	2	0
Cholestasis Impairment of bile flow due to obstruction in small bile ducts (INTRAHEPATIC CHOLESTASIS) or obstruction in large bile ducts (EXTRAHEPATIC CHOLESTASIS).	2.43	2	0
Myelomonocytic Leukemia, Chronic [description not available]	2.05	1	0
Leukemia, Myelomonocytic, Chronic A myelodysplastic-myeloproliferative disease characterized by monocytosis, increased monocytes in the bone marrow, variable degrees of dysplasia, but an absence of immature granulocytes in the blood.	2.05	1	0
Enteritis Inflammation of any segment of the SMALL INTESTINE.	2.05	1	0
Diathesis [description not available]	2.06	1	0
Infections, Plasmodium [description not available]	2.06	1	0
Malaria A protozoan disease caused in humans by four species of the PLASMODIUM genus: PLASMODIUM FALCIPARUM; PLASMODIUM VIVAX; PLASMODIUM OVALE; and PLASMODIUM MALARIAE; and transmitted by the bite of an infected female mosquito of the genus ANOPHELES. Malaria is endemic in parts of Asia, Africa, Central and South America, Oceania, and certain Caribbean islands. It is characterized by extreme exhaustion associated with paroxysms of high FEVER; SWEATING; shaking CHILLS; and ANEMIA. Malaria in ANIMALS is caused by other species of plasmodia.	2.06	1	0
Bone Loss, Osteoclastic [description not available]	2.06	1	0
Complications of Diabetes Mellitus [description not available]	2.07	1	0
Alloxan Diabetes [description not available]	2.92	4	0
Bladder, Overactive [description not available]	2.07	1	0
Injuries, Spinal Cord [description not available]	2.07	1	0
Spinal Cord Injuries Penetrating and non-penetrating injuries to the spinal cord resulting from traumatic external forces (e.g., WOUNDS, GUNSHOT; WHIPLASH INJURIES; etc.).	2.07	1	0
Urinary Bladder, Overactive Symptom of overactive detrusor muscle of the URINARY BLADDER that contracts with abnormally high frequency and urgency. Overactive bladder is characterized by the frequent feeling of needing to urinate during the day, during the night, or both. URINARY INCONTINENCE may or may not be present.	2.07	1	0
Cryptosporidium Infection [description not available]	2.07	1	0
Cryptosporidiosis Intestinal infection with organisms of the genus CRYPTOSPORIDIUM. It occurs in both animals and humans. Symptoms include severe DIARRHEA.	2.07	1	0
Chronic Hepatitis C [description not available]	2.07	1	0
Hepatitis C, Chronic INFLAMMATION of the LIVER in humans that is caused by HEPATITIS C VIRUS lasting six months or more. Chronic hepatitis C can lead to LIVER CIRRHOSIS.	2.07	1	0
Bowel Diseases, Inflammatory [description not available]	2.08	1	0
Inflammatory Bowel Diseases Chronic, non-specific inflammation of the GASTROINTESTINAL TRACT. Etiology may be genetic or environmental. This term includes CROHN DISEASE and ULCERATIVE COLITIS.	2.08	1	0
Bilirubinemia [description not available]	2.01	1	0
Complication, Postoperative [description not available]	2.01	1	0
Postoperative Complications Pathologic processes that affect patients after a surgical procedure. They may or may not be related to the disease for which the surgery was done, and they may or may not be direct results of the surgery.	2.01	1	0
Ache [description not available]	2.01	1	0
Pain An unpleasant sensation induced by noxious stimuli which are detected by NERVE ENDINGS of NOCICEPTIVE NEURONS.	2.01	1	0
Classic Galactosemia [description not available]	2.4	2	0
Galactosemias A group of inherited enzyme deficiencies which feature elevations of GALACTOSE in the blood. This condition may be associated with deficiencies of GALACTOKINASE; UDPGLUCOSE-HEXOSE-1-PHOSPHATE URIDYLYLTRANSFERASE; or UDPGLUCOSE 4-EPIMERASE. The classic form is caused by UDPglucose-Hexose-1-Phosphate Uridylyltransferase deficiency, and presents in infancy with FAILURE TO THRIVE; VOMITING; and INTRACRANIAL HYPERTENSION. Affected individuals also may develop MENTAL RETARDATION; JAUNDICE; hepatosplenomegaly; ovarian failure (PRIMARY OVARIAN INSUFFICIENCY); and cataracts. (From Menkes, Textbook of Child Neurology, 5th ed, pp61-3)	2.4	2	0
Blood Pressure, Low [description not available]	2.01	1	0
Cirrhoses, Experimental Liver [description not available]	2.01	1	0
Hypotension Abnormally low BLOOD PRESSURE that can result in inadequate blood flow to the brain and other vital organs. Common symptom is DIZZINESS but greater negative impacts on the body occur when there is prolonged depravation of oxygen and nutrients.	2.01	1	0
Adverse Drug Event [description not available]	2.93	1	0
Drug-Related Side Effects and Adverse Reactions Disorders that result from the intended use of PHARMACEUTICAL PREPARATIONS. Included in this heading are a broad variety of chemically-induced adverse conditions due to toxicity, DRUG INTERACTIONS, and metabolic effects of pharmaceuticals.	2.93	1	0
Hyperglycemia, Postprandial Abnormally high BLOOD GLUCOSE level after a meal.	2.4	2	0
Hyperglycemia Abnormally high BLOOD GLUCOSE level.	2.4	2	0
Viral Diseases [description not available]	1.93	1	0
Virus Diseases A general term for diseases caused by viruses.	1.93	1	0
Benign Neoplasms, Brain [description not available]	2.01	1	0
Brain Neoplasms Neoplasms of the intracranial components of the central nervous system, including the cerebral hemispheres, basal ganglia, hypothalamus, thalamus, brain stem, and cerebellum. Brain neoplasms are subdivided into primary (originating from brain tissue) and secondary (i.e., metastatic) forms. Primary neoplasms are subdivided into benign and malignant forms. In general, brain tumors may also be classified by age of onset, histologic type, or presenting location in the brain.	2.01	1	0
Anoxemia [description not available]	3.85	1	0
Hypoxia Sub-optimal OXYGEN levels in the ambient air of living organisms.	3.85	1	0
Cancer of Colon [description not available]	2.67	3	0
Colorectal Cancer [description not available]	2.02	1	0
Colonic Neoplasms Tumors or cancer of the COLON.	2.67	3	0
Colorectal Neoplasms Tumors or cancer of the COLON or the RECTUM or both. Risk factors for colorectal cancer include chronic ULCERATIVE COLITIS; FAMILIAL POLYPOSIS COLI; exposure to ASBESTOS; and irradiation of the CERVIX UTERI.	2.02	1	0
Germinoblastoma [description not available]	2.02	1	0
Diffuse Mixed Small and Large Cell Lymphoma [description not available]	2.02	1	0
Lymphoma A general term for various neoplastic diseases of the lymphoid tissue.	2.02	1	0
Lymphoma, Non-Hodgkin Any of a group of malignant tumors of lymphoid tissue that differ from HODGKIN DISEASE, being more heterogeneous with respect to malignant cell lineage, clinical course, prognosis, and therapy. The only common feature among these tumors is the absence of giant REED-STERNBERG CELLS, a characteristic of Hodgkin's disease.	2.02	1	0
Chronic Illness [description not available]	2.02	1	0
Hand-Schu00FCller-Christian Disease [description not available]	2.02	1	0
Pulmonary Hypertension [description not available]	2.02	1	0
Acute Hypercapnic Respiratory Failure [description not available]	2.02	1	0
Chronic Disease Diseases which have one or more of the following characteristics: they are permanent, leave residual disability, are caused by nonreversible pathological alteration, require special training of the patient for rehabilitation, or may be expected to require a long period of supervision, observation, or care (Dictionary of Health Services Management, 2d ed). For epidemiological studies chronic disease often includes HEART DISEASES; STROKE; CANCER; and diabetes (DIABETES MELLITUS, TYPE 2).	2.02	1	0
Histiocytosis, Langerhans-Cell A group of disorders resulting from the abnormal proliferation of and tissue infiltration by LANGERHANS CELLS which can be detected by their characteristic Birbeck granules (X bodies), or by monoclonal antibody staining for their surface CD1 ANTIGENS. Langerhans-cell granulomatosis can involve a single organ, or can be a systemic disorder.	2.02	1	0
Hypertension, Pulmonary Increased VASCULAR RESISTANCE in the PULMONARY CIRCULATION, usually secondary to HEART DISEASES or LUNG DISEASES.	2.02	1	0
Respiratory Insufficiency Failure to adequately provide oxygen to cells of the body and to remove excess carbon dioxide from them. (Stedman, 25th ed)	2.02	1	0
Precordial Catch [description not available]	2.03	1	0
Chest Pain Pressure, burning, or numbness in the chest.	2.03	1	0
Heart Disease, Ischemic [description not available]	2.42	2	0
Myocardial Ischemia A disorder of cardiac function caused by insufficient blood flow to the muscle tissue of the heart. The decreased blood flow may be due to narrowing of the coronary arteries (CORONARY ARTERY DISEASE), to obstruction by a thrombus (CORONARY THROMBOSIS), or less commonly, to diffuse narrowing of arterioles and other small vessels within the heart. Severe interruption of the blood supply to the myocardial tissue may result in necrosis of cardiac muscle (MYOCARDIAL INFARCTION).	2.42	2	0
Bladder Cancer [description not available]	3.31	2	0
Urinary Bladder Neoplasms Tumors or cancer of the URINARY BLADDER.	3.31	2	0
Leishmaniasis, American [description not available]	2.03	1	0
Leishmaniasis, Cutaneous An endemic disease that is characterized by the development of single or multiple localized lesions on exposed areas of skin that typically ulcerate. The disease has been divided into Old and New World forms. Old World leishmaniasis is separated into three distinct types according to epidemiology and clinical manifestations and is caused by species of the L. tropica and L. aethiopica complexes as well as by species of the L. major genus. New World leishmaniasis, also called American leishmaniasis, occurs in South and Central America and is caused by species of the L. mexicana or L. braziliensis complexes.	2.03	1	0
Brain Disorders [description not available]	2.03	1	0
Brain Diseases Pathologic conditions affecting the BRAIN, which is composed of the intracranial components of the CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM. This includes (but is not limited to) the CEREBRAL CORTEX; intracranial white matter; BASAL GANGLIA; THALAMUS; HYPOTHALAMUS; BRAIN STEM; and CEREBELLUM.	2.03	1	0
Deficiency, Pyridoxine [description not available]	2.03	1	0
Sensitivity and Specificity Binary classification measures to assess test results. Sensitivity or recall rate is the proportion of true positives. Specificity is the probability of correctly determining the absence of a condition. (From Last, Dictionary of Epidemiology, 2d ed)	2.7	3	0
Glaucoma, Suspect [description not available]	2.04	1	0
Ocular Hypertension A condition in which the intraocular pressure is elevated above normal and which may lead to glaucoma.	2.04	1	0
Colitis Inflammation of the COLON section of the large intestine (INTESTINE, LARGE), usually with symptoms such as DIARRHEA (often with blood and mucus), ABDOMINAL PAIN, and FEVER.	2.04	1	0
Experimental Hepatoma [description not available]	1.95	1	0
Leukemia L 1210 [description not available]	1.96	1	0
Alcoholic Fatty Liver [description not available]	1.96	1	0
Adenocarcinoma, Basal Cell [description not available]	2.38	2	0
Adenocarcinoma A malignant epithelial tumor with a glandular organization.	2.38	2	0
Carcinoma, Anaplastic [description not available]	1.95	1	0
Cancer of Mouth [description not available]	1.95	1	0
Carcinoma A malignant neoplasm made up of epithelial cells tending to infiltrate the surrounding tissues and give rise to metastases. It is a histological type of neoplasm and not a synonym for cancer.	1.95	1	0
Mouth Neoplasms Tumors or cancer of the MOUTH.	1.95	1	0
Experimental Mammary Neoplasms [description not available]	2.39	2	0
Carcinoma, Oat Cell [description not available]	1.98	1	0
Carcinoma, Small Cell An anaplastic, highly malignant, and usually bronchogenic carcinoma composed of small ovoid cells with scanty neoplasm. It is characterized by a dominant, deeply basophilic nucleus, and absent or indistinct nucleoli. (From Stedman, 25th ed; Holland et al., Cancer Medicine, 3d ed, p1286-7)	1.98	1	0
Ciliary Dyskinesia [description not available]	3.38	1	1
Ciliary Motility Disorders Conditions caused by abnormal CILIA movement in the body, usually causing KARTAGENER SYNDROME, chronic respiratory disorders, chronic SINUSITIS, and chronic OTITIS. Abnormal ciliary beating is likely due to defects in any of the 200 plus ciliary proteins, such as missing motor enzyme DYNEIN arms.	3.38	1	1
Cough A sudden, audible expulsion of air from the lungs through a partially closed glottis, preceded by inhalation. It is a protective response that serves to clear the trachea, bronchi, and/or lungs of irritants and secretions, or to prevent aspiration of foreign materials into the lungs.	3.38	1	1
Carotid Arteriopathies, Traumatic [description not available]	2	1	0
Blood Clot [description not available]	2	1	0
Thrombosis Formation and development of a thrombus or blood clot in the blood vessel.	2	1	0
Hibernation, Myocardial [description not available]	2	1	0
Autoimmune Diabetes [description not available]	2	1	0
Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1 A subtype of DIABETES MELLITUS that is characterized by INSULIN deficiency. It is manifested by the sudden onset of severe HYPERGLYCEMIA, rapid progression to DIABETIC KETOACIDOSIS, and DEATH unless treated with insulin. The disease may occur at any age, but is most common in childhood or adolescence.	2	1	0
Body Weight The mass or quantity of heaviness of an individual. It is expressed by units of pounds or kilograms.	2.66	3	0
Anemia, Congenital Nonspherocytic Hemolytic [description not available]	1.95	1	0
Addison's Anemia [description not available]	1.95	1	0
Injuries, Knee [description not available]	1.95	1	0
Knee Injuries Injuries to the knee or the knee joint.	1.95	1	0
Chondrosarcoma A slowly growing malignant neoplasm derived from cartilage cells, occurring most frequently in pelvic bones or near the ends of long bones, in middle-aged and old people. Most chondrosarcomas arise de novo, but some may develop in a preexisting benign cartilaginous lesion or in patients with ENCHONDROMATOSIS. (Stedman, 25th ed)	1.97	1	0
Brain Swelling [description not available]	1.97	1	0
Brain Edema Increased intracellular or extracellular fluid in brain tissue. Cytotoxic brain edema (swelling due to increased intracellular fluid) is indicative of a disturbance in cell metabolism, and is commonly associated with hypoxic or ischemic injuries (see HYPOXIA, BRAIN). An increase in extracellular fluid may be caused by increased brain capillary permeability (vasogenic edema), an osmotic gradient, local blockages in interstitial fluid pathways, or by obstruction of CSF flow (e.g., obstructive HYDROCEPHALUS). (From Childs Nerv Syst 1992 Sep; 8(6):301-6)	1.97	1	0
Cell Transformation, Viral An inheritable change in cells manifested by changes in cell division and growth and alterations in cell surface properties. It is induced by infection with a transforming virus.	1.97	1	0
Nerve Degeneration Loss of functional activity and trophic degeneration of nerve axons and their terminal arborizations following the destruction of their cells of origin or interruption of their continuity with these cells. The pathology is characteristic of neurodegenerative diseases. Often the process of nerve degeneration is studied in research on neuroanatomical localization and correlation of the neurophysiology of neural pathways.	1.96	1	0
Disease, Pulmonary [description not available]	1.96	1	0
Lung Diseases Pathological processes involving any part of the LUNG.	1.96	1	0

uridine diphosphate

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Research Demand Index: 38.83

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