Compounds > flutamide
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flutamide

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Description

Flutamide is a nonsteroidal antiandrogen, a type of drug that blocks the effects of the male hormone testosterone. It was synthesized in the 1970s and has been used to treat prostate cancer since the 1980s. Flutamide works by binding to androgen receptors in the body, preventing testosterone from activating them. This blockage of androgen receptors leads to a reduction in the growth of prostate cancer cells. Flutamide is also being studied for its potential to treat other conditions, such as acne and hair loss. While flutamide has proven effective in the treatment of prostate cancer, it can also cause side effects, such as hot flashes, liver damage, and gynecomastia (breast enlargement in men). Further research continues to explore the potential benefits and risks of flutamide as a treatment option for various conditions.'

Flutamide: An antiandrogen with about the same potency as cyproterone in rodent and canine species. [Medical Subject Headings (MeSH), National Library of Medicine, extracted Dec-2023]

Cross-References

ID SourceID
PubMed CID3397
CHEMBL ID806
CHEMBL ID4759307
CHEBI ID5132
SCHEMBL ID3934
SCHEMBL ID12932289
MeSH IDM0008651

Synonyms (228)

Synonym
AB00052188-09
BRD-K28307902-001-05-0
nsc-215876
nsc215876
KBIO1_000459
DIVK1C_000459
odyne
CHEBI:5132 ,
flutamida
MLS000069634
prostandril
chimax
eulexine
smr000058187
drogenil
flutamidum
nk-601
2-methyl-n-[4-nitro-3-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl]propanamide
EU-0100557
einecs 236-341-9
propanamide, 2-methyl-n-(4-nitro-3-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl)-
SPECTRUM_001210
alpha,alpha,alpha-trifluoro-2-methyl-4'-nitro-m-propionotoluidide
niftolid
flutamida [inn-spanish]
eulexin
nsc 215876
brn 2157663
ham's f-12 medium
ccris 7246
m-propionotoluidide, alpha,alpha,alpha-trifluoro-2-methyl-4'-nitro-
m-propionotoluidide, 2-methyl-4'-nitro-alpha,alpha,alpha-triflouro-
sch-13521
flutamidum [inn-latin]
IDI1_000459
BSPBIO_003122
PRESTWICK_228
cas-13311-84-7
lopac-f-9397
NCGC00015452-01
NCGC00015452-02
BPBIO1_000087
PRESTWICK3_000180
sch13521
flutamin
LOPAC0_000557
flutamide (pubertal study)
NCGC00091460-01
AB00052188
C07653
13311-84-7
flutamide
sch 13521
nsc147834
4'-nitro-3'-trifluoromethylisobutyranilide
nsc-147834
.alpha.,.alpha.-trifluoro-2-methyl-4'-nitro-m-propionotoluidide
niftolide
4'-nitro-3'-trifluoromethylisobutyramilide
niftholide
cebatrol, veterinary
propanamide, 2-methyl-n-[4-nitro-3-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl]-
m-propionotoluidide,.alpha.,.alpha.-trifluoro-2-methyl-4'-nitro-
4-nitro-3-(trifluoromethyl)isobutyranilide
nfba
m-propionotoluidide,.alpha.,.alpha.-trifluoro-
DB00499
D00586
flutamide (jp17/usp/inn)
eulexin (tn)
BSPBIO_000079
NCGC00091460-03
NCGC00091460-04
NCGC00091460-05
NCGC00091460-07
KBIOGR_001377
KBIO2_004258
KBIO2_006826
KBIO2_001690
KBIO3_002342
KBIOSS_001690
SPBIO_000982
SPECTRUM3_001421
PRESTWICK1_000180
NINDS_000459
SPECTRUM4_000829
SPBIO_002000
PRESTWICK0_000180
SPECTRUM2_001201
SPECTRUM1500995
PRESTWICK2_000180
SPECTRUM5_001450
NCGC00091460-09
NCGC00091460-08
NCGC00091460-02
NCGC00091460-06
MLS001065596
NCGC00015452-04
HMS2092O14
HMS2090I18
2-methyl-n-(4-nitro-3-[trifluoromethyl]phenyl)propanamide
F 9397 ,
F0663 ,
2-methyl-n-[4-nitro-3-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl]propionamide
4'-nitro-3'-(trifluoromethyl)isobutyranilide
NCGC00015452-12
4''-nitro-3''-trifluoromethylisobutyranilide
alpha,alpha,alpha-trifluoro-2-methyl-4''-nitro-m-propionotoluidide
bdbm50131270
CHEMBL806 ,
HMS501G21
FT-0668764
HMS1568D21
HMS1921O16
AKOS001025465
NCGC00015452-09
cpd000058187
A806562
2-methyl-n-[4-nitro-3-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl]propanamide;flutamide
HMS3259I03
HMS3261P15
HMS2095D21
unii-76w6j0943e
76w6j0943e ,
flutamide [usan:usp:inn:ban]
tox21_202169
tox21_300536
NCGC00259718-01
NCGC00254495-01
pharmakon1600-01500995
MLS002548892
nsc-757817
nsc757817
dtxcid9011121
dtxsid7032004 ,
tox21_110154
flutamide usp25
HMS2230P19
AKOS015994751
CCG-39105
NCGC00015452-10
NCGC00015452-07
NCGC00015452-16
NCGC00015452-06
NCGC00015452-14
NCGC00015452-15
NCGC00015452-13
NCGC00015452-08
NCGC00015452-03
NCGC00015452-05
NCGC00015452-11
FT-0626493
NCGC00015452-19
LP00557
AB02835
flutamide [orange book]
flutamide [mart.]
flutamide [usp-rs]
flutamide [mi]
flutamide [inn]
flutamide [who-dd]
flutamide [jan]
flutamide [usan]
flutamide [usp monograph]
.alpha.,.alpha.,.alpha.-trifluoro-2-methyl-4'-nitro-m-propionotoluidide
flutamide [ep monograph]
flutamide [ep impurity]
S1908
HMS3373C12
gtpl6943
HY-B0022
NC00451
SCHEMBL3934
tox21_110154_1
NCGC00015452-20
KS-5091
AKOS025243203
tox21_500557
NCGC00261242-01
3'-trifluoromethyl-4'-nitro-isobutyranilide
SCHEMBL12932289
m-propionotoluidide, 2-methyl-4'-nitro-.alpha.,.alpha.,.alpha.-trifluoro-
m-propionotoluidide, .alpha.,.alpha.,.alpha.-trifluoro-2-methyl-4'-nitro-
2-methyl-n-[4-nitro-3-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl]propanamide #
Q-201131
n-(4-nitro-3-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl)isobutyramide
AC-24192
AB00052188_10
AB00052188_11
mfcd00072009
sr-01000075888
SR-01000075888-6
flutamide, united states pharmacopeia (usp) reference standard
flutamide, european pharmacopoeia (ep) reference standard
Z56755651
HMS3655G22
flutamide for system suitability, european pharmacopoeia (ep) reference standard
SR-01000075888-9
SR-01000075888-7
SR-01000075888-1
flutamide, certified reference material, tracecert(r)
SBI-0050540.P003
37209-54-4
HMS3712D21
SW196536-4
BCP23006
Q418669
flutamide (eulexin) ,
flutamide,(s)
SDCCGSBI-0050540.P004
NCGC00015452-32
SY036411
n-[4-nitro-3-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl]isobutyramide
AMY32524
BF166239
EN300-119548
CHEMBL4759307
flutamide (usan:usp:inn:ban)
flutamide (ep monograph)
flutamidum (inn-latin)
flutamid
flutamida (inn-spanish)
l02bb01
flutamide (mart.)
flutamide (usp-rs)
flutamide (ep impurity)
flutamide (usp monograph)
2-methyl-n-(4-nitro-3-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl)propanamide

Research Excerpts

Overview

Flutamide (FLUT) is a non-steroidal drug mainly used in the treatment of prostate cancer. Flutamide is an antagonist of testosterone, an essential hormone in male reproduction.

ExcerptReferenceRelevance
"Flutamide is a non-steroidal anti-androgen agent, which is mainly used for the treatment of prostate cancer. "( Mechanism of non-steroidal anti-androgen-induced liver injury: Reactive metabolites of flutamide and bicalutamide activate inflammasomes.
Ijiri, Y; Kato, R; Kohda, Y; Noda, T; Tanaka, S; Yamada, T, 2023)		2.58
"Flutamide is an antagonist of testosterone, an essential hormone in male reproduction. "( Interrupting the blood-testis barrier with a flutamide-loaded nanostructured lipid carrier: A novel nonsurgical contraceptive approach for male animals.
Chonniyom, W; Dana, P; Saengkrit, N; Tanyapanyachon, P; Thumsongsiri, N, 2023)		2.61
"Flutamide is a first-generation non-steroidal antiandrogen that can be used for acne treatment."( Efficacy and Safety of Topical Flutamide 1% Gel as an Adjunctive Therapy in the Treatment of Patients With Acne Vulgaris.
Essam, R; Nassar, A; Samy, A; Sayed, AE, )		1.14
"Flutamide (FLUT) is a non-steroidal drug mainly used in the treatment of prostate cancer and has been detected in the aquatic environment at ng L"( Degradation of the anticancer drug flutamide by solar photo-Fenton treatment at near-neutral pH: Identification of transformation products and in silico (Q)SAR risk assessment.
Della-Flora, A; Lima, ÉC; Pinto, IDF; Sirtori, C; Wilde, ML, 2020)		2.28
"Flutamide is a non-steroidal antiandrogen drug and widely used in the treatment of prostatic carcinoma. "( Nanomolar level detection of non-steroidal antiandrogen drug flutamide based on ZnMn
Amanulla, B; Chen, SM; Karuppiah, C; Muthukutty, B; Ramaraj, SK; Venkatesh, K; Yang, CC, 2021)		2.31
"Flutamide (FLU) is a non-steroidal antiandrogen drug approved for the treatment of advanced prostate cancer. "( Flutamide-induced hepatotoxicity: ethical and scientific issues.
Borgia, L; di Muzio, M; Giorgetti, A; Giorgetti, R; Girolami, D; Tagliabracci, A, 2017)		3.34
"Flutamide is a potent selective non-steroidal androgen receptor competitive antagonist that has been used in human beings as an anti-androgenic drug."( Pharmacokinetics of the anti-androgenic drug flutamide in healthy stallions.
Buzon-Cuevas, A; Mendoza, FJ; Perez-Ecija, A; Serrano-Rodriguez, JM, 2017)		1.44
"Flutamide (FLT) is a non-steroidal anti-androgen drug that has a specific anti-androgenic activity so that it is used in the treatment of prostate cancer. "( Electrochemical determination of anticancer drug, flutamide in human plasma sample using a microfabricated sensor based on hyperbranchedpolyglycerol modified graphene oxide reinforced hollow fiber-pencil graphite electrode.
Chamsaz, M; Es'haghi, Z; Rezaeifar, Z; Rounaghi, GH, 2018)		2.18
"Flutamide is an outstanding anticancer drug with poor oral bioavailability. "( Elaboration of polymersomes versus conventional liposomes for improving oral bioavailability of the anticancer flutamide.
Abdallah, OY; Elnaggar, YS; Youssef, SF, 2018)		2.14
"Flutamide monotherapy is an alternative for some patients."( First-line treatment of metastatic prostate cancer. Androgen suppression for symptomatic disease.
, 2013)		1.11
"Flutamide is a drug used in the treatment of androgen-dependent disorders. "( Assessment of a synthetic steroid and flutamide on dopamine, GSH and H2O2 levels in rat brain in presence of fructose.
Bratoeff, E; Brizuela, NO; Cruz, IM; del Angel, DS; Garcia, EH; Guzman, DC; Mejia, GB; Olguin, HJ; Ortiz, AS, 2014)		2.12
"Flutamide is a non-steroidal anti-androgenic drug."( Investigation of the hepatotoxicity of flutamide: pro-survival/apoptotic and necrotic switch in primary rat hepatocytes characterized by metabolic and transcriptomic profiles in microfluidic liver biochips.
Cotton, J; Dumont, F; Fleury, MJ; Jacques, S; Leclerc, E; Legendre, A; Paullier, P, 2014)		1.39
"Flutamide (FLU) is a competitive antagonist of the androgen receptor which has been reported to induce severe liver injury in some patients. "( Flutamide-induced cytotoxicity and oxidative stress in an in vitro rat hepatocyte system.
Al Maruf, A; O'Brien, P, 2014)		3.29
"Flutamide is a hormone therapy used for men with advanced prostate cancer. "( Two different spectrophotometric determinations of potential anticancer drug and its toxic metabolite.
Abdelwahab, NS; Farid, NF, 2015)		1.86
"Flutamide is an androgen receptor (AR) antagonist approved by the United States Food and Drug Administration for the treatment of prostate cancer."( Anti-androgen flutamide suppresses hepatocellular carcinoma cell proliferation via the aryl hydrocarbon receptor mediated induction of transforming growth factor-β1.
Bisson, WH; Jang, HS; Kerkvliet, NI; Koch, DC; Kolluri, SK; Kopparapu, PR; O'Donnell, EF; Punj, S, 2015)		1.5
"Flutamide is a potent anti-androgen with the several unwanted side effects in systemic administration, therefore, it has attracted special interest in the development of topically applied formulations for the treatment of androgenic alopecia."( Histological assessment of follicular delivery of flutamide by solid lipid nanoparticles: potential tool for the treatment of androgenic alopecia.
Adib, ZM; Ghanbarzadeh, S; Hamishehkar, H; Javadzadeh, Y; Kouhsoltani, M; Sepehran, S, 2016)		2.13
"Flutamide is an antiandrogenic medicine that occurs as water contaminant."( Flutamide effects on morphology of reproductive organs and liver of Neotropical Anura, Rhinella schneideri.
de Gregorio, LS; de Oliveira, C; Franco-Belussi, L; Gomes, FR, 2016)		2.6
"Flutamide is a known mitochondrial toxicant; however there has been limited investigation into the potential mitochondrial toxicity of 2-hydroxyflutamide and its contribution to flutamide-induced liver injury."( Identification of the Additional Mitochondrial Liabilities of 2-Hydroxyflutamide When Compared With its Parent Compound, Flutamide in HepG2 Cells.
Alfirevic, A; Ball, AL; Chadwick, AE; Kamalian, L; Lyon, JJ, 2016)		1.39
"Flutamide (FLT) is a non steroidal antiandrogenic drug used to treat prostate cancer. "( Assessment of Poly (vinyl alcohol) Coated Flutamide Nanoparticulates and their Efficacy on Prostate Cancer Cells.
Lakshmanan, VK; Nair, SV; Sreenivasan, SK; Suseelan, SR, 2017)		2.16
"Flutamide is an effective drug in treatment of hirsutism. "( The risk of hepatotoxicity during long-term and low-dose flutamide treatment in hirsutism.
Akcali, C; Balat, O; Cicek, H; Dikensoy, E; Pence, S, 2009)		2.04
"Flutamide (FLT) is a poorly soluble anticancer drug. "( Lyophilization monophase solution technique for preparation of amorphous flutamide dispersions.
Elgindy, N; Elkhodairy, K; Elzoghby, A; Molokhia, A, 2011)		2.04
"Flutamide is a non-steroidal anti-androgenic drug, commonly used in the treatment of advanced prostate cancer, acne and hirsutism. "( Acute and fulminant hepatitis induced by flutamide: case series report and review of the literature.
Brahm, J; Brahm, M; Buckel, E; Contreras, L; Latorre, R; Poniachik, J; Segovia, R; Zapata, R, )		1.84
"Flutamide is a steroid used to treat androgen-dependent disorders and as antiepileptic, but it induces a number of non-desirable side effects. "( Effect of flutamide and two novel synthetic steroids on GABA, glutamine and some oxidative stress markers in rat brain and prostate.
Barragán Mejía, G; Bratoeff, E; Calderón Guzmán, D; Hernández García, E; Juárez Olguín, H; Osnaya Brizuela, N; Pierdant Rioja, F; Ramírez López, E; Santamaría Del Ángel, D; Trujillo Jiménez, F, 2011)		2.21
"Flutamide is a satisfactory therapeutic regimen for treatment of FPHL in the long run. "( Prospective cohort study on the effects and tolerability of flutamide in patients with female pattern hair loss.
Battaglia, C; Fabbri, R; Paradisi, R; Porcu, E; Seracchioli, R; Venturoli, S, 2011)		2.05
"Flutamide is a non-steroidal antiandrogen drug that is frequently used for total androgen blockage."( Flutamide-induced acute renal failure in a patient with metastatic prostate cancer.
Altiparmak, MR; Bilici, A; Kisacik, B; Ozguroglu, M, 2002)		2.48
"Flutamide is an antiandrogen and frequently used for the treatment of prostatic cancer. "( [Toxic hepatitis and liver failure under therapy with flutamide].
Haupt, R; Lübbert, C; Ruf, BR; Wiese, M, 2004)		2.01
"Flutamide (Flu) is an anti-androgenic compound that disrupts development of male androgen-dependent tissues. "( Flutamide induces ultrastructural changes in spermatids and the ectoplasmic specialization between the Sertoli cell and spermatids in mouse testes.
Anahara, R; Mori, C; Toyama, Y, 2004)		3.21
"Flutamide is an antiandrogen devoid of other hormonal effects, except for a decrease in the secretion of adrenal androgens such as dehydroepidandrosterone sulphate (DHEA-s) and androstenedione."( [Effectiveness of flutamide alone or combined with oral contraceptives in the treatment of hirsutism in women].
Aravena, L; Devoto, E, 2004)		2.1
"Flutamide is a nonsteroidal antiandrogen that is frequently used for total androgen blockage in the treatment of advanced prostate cancer. "( Effects of the antiandrogen flutamide on the expression of protein kinase C isoenzymes in LNCaP and PC3 human prostate cancer cells.
Bolaños, O; Carmena, MJ; Montalvo, L; Prieto, JC; Rodríguez-Henche, N; Sánchez-Chapado, M, 2004)		2.06
"Flutamide is a pure non-steroidal anti-androgen that may be hepatotoxic, when given in high-dose (750 mg/d). "( Absence of hepatotoxicity after long-term, low-dose flutamide in hyperandrogenic girls and young women.
de Zegher, F; Ferrer, A; Ibáñez, L; Jaramillo, A, 2005)		2.02
"Flutamide is a drug with antiandrogen effects that are mediated through androgen receptors (ARs). "( Evaluation of general behavior, memory, learning performance, and brain sexual differentiation in F1 offspring males of rats treated with flutamide during late gestation.
Fujii, Y; Goto, K; Hashi, M; Koizumi, K; Ohbo, N; Ohta, Y; Saika, O; Saito, K; Suzuki, H; Suzuki, K, 2005)		1.97
"Flutamide (FLU) is a non-steroidal anti-androgen or pro-drug that is rapidly metabolized to hydroxyflutamide, which may have both an anti-androgenic and anti-progestogenic activities."( Anti-progestogenic effect of flutamide on uterine expression of calbindin-D9k mRNA and protein in immature mice.
Choi, KC; Jeung, EB; Ji, YK; Lee, GS, 2006)		1.35
"Flutamide (FLU) is an antiandrogen primarily used in the treatment of metastatic prostate cancer. "( Comparison of the cytotoxicity of the nitroaromatic drug flutamide to its cyano analogue in the hepatocyte cell line TAMH: evidence for complex I inhibition and mitochondrial dysfunction using toxicogenomic screening.
Bammler, TK; Beyer, RP; Coe, KJ; Farin, FM; Fausto, N; Ho, HK; Jia, Y; Nelson, SD; Plymate, SR; Rademacher, P; Woodke, L, 2007)		2.03
"Flutamide appears to be a safe antiandrogen, usually effective in the management of patients with advanced prostatic cancer who have had no prior endocrine therapy."( Experience with flutamide in patients with advanced prostatic cancer without prior endocrine therapy.
Sogani, PC; Vagaiwala, MR; Whitmore, WF, 1984)		1.33
"Flutamide is a potent hepatotoxin in certain patients. "( Flutamide hepatotoxicity.
Fourcroy, JL; Wysowski, DK, 1996)		3.18
"Flutamide is a novel antiandrogen with fewer side effects."( Double-blind, randomized study of primary hormonal treatment of stage D2 prostate carcinoma: flutamide versus diethylstilbestrol.
Blum, R; Chang, A; Davis, T; Fisher, H; Hahn, R; Khanna, O; Rosenthal, J; Schinella, R; Trump, D; Witte, R; Yeap, B, 1996)		1.23
"Flutamide is a nonsteroidal antiandrogen commonly used in the treatment of prostate cancer. "( Flutamide-induced toxic hepatitis. Potential utility of ursodeoxycholic acid administration in toxic hepatitis.
Barbara, L; Cicognani, C; Malavolti, M; Morselli-Labate, AM; Sama, C, 1996)		3.18
"Flutamide is a non-steroid antiandrogen used in advanced prostate cancer. "( Flutamide photosensitivity.
Dompmartin, A; Leroy, D; Szczurko, C, 1996)		3.18
"Flutamide (Eulexin) is an orally active, nonsteroidal antiandrogen that can cause liver injury associated with inflammation."( Alteration by flutamide of neutrophil response to stimulation. Implications for tissue injury.
Buchweitz, JP; Ganey, PE; Srinivasan, R, 1997)		1.38
"Flutamide is a non-steroidal anti-androgen used in the treatment of prostate cancer, usually in combination with LHRH-analogs. "( [Liver failure caused by flutamide].
Ferrero Doria, R; Fontana Compiano, LO; Gil Franco, J; Guzmán Martínez-Valls, PL; Morga Egea, JP; Rico Galiano, JL; Sempere Gutiérrez, A; Tomás Ros, M, 1997)		2.04
"Flutamide is a nonsteroid antiandrogen that has been found effective in hirsute patients, although its mechanism of action is unclear."( Hormonal effects of flutamide in young women with polycystic ovary syndrome.
D'Antona, D; De Leo, V; la Marca, A; Lanzetta, D; Morgante, G, 1998)		1.34
"Thus flutamide appears to be a novel and useful adjunct for improving cardiovascular and hepatocellular functions in males following trauma and hemorrhagic shock."( Testosterone receptor blockade after trauma-hemorrhage improves cardiac and hepatic functions in males.
Bland, KI; Chaudry, IH; Cioffi, WG; Remmers, DE; Wang, P, 1997)		0.75
"Flutamide is a potent antiandrogen widely used in clinical practice for patients with metastatic prostate cancer."( Phase II study of flutamide as second line chemotherapy in patients with advanced pancreatic cancer.
Hilsenbeck, SG; Razvillas, B; Rothenberg, ML; Sharma, A; Sharma, JJ; Stephens, CD, 1997)		1.35
"Flutamide is a nonsteroidal antiandrogen drug used in the treatment of prostatic cancer. "( Flutamide-induced acute hepatitis: investigation on the role of immunoallergic mechanisms.
Albano, E; Boldorini, R; Morelli, S; Pittau, S; Pontiroli, L; Sartori, M, 1998)		3.19
"Flutamide is a non-steroid antiandrogen that specifically blocks the androgen receptor. "( Effects of flutamide on pituitary and adrenal responsiveness to corticotrophin releasing factor (CRF).
Cariello, PL; D'Antona, D; De Leo, V; la Marca, A; Lanzetta, D; Morgante, G, 1998)		2.13
"Flutamide is a nonsteroidal antiandrogen agent. "( Flutamide-induced liver injury: a case report.
Chang, FY; Chu, CW; Huang, YS; Hwang, SJ; Lee, SD; Li, CP; Luo, JC; Tsay, SH, 1998)		3.19
"Flutamide is an antiandrogen used for the treatment of prostatic carcinoma. "( [Flutamide-induced late cutaneous pseudoporphyria].
Bahadoran, P; Bermon, C; Lacour, JP; Mantoux, F; Ortonne, JP; Perrin, C, 1999)		2.66
"Flutamide is an approved anti-androgen that has been incorporated in many of the combined androgen blockade studies."( Anti-androgens and other hormonal therapies for prostate cancer.
Richie, JP, 1999)		1.02
"Flutamide is a potent antiandrogen used for the treatment of prostatic cancer. "( Determination of 2-hydroxyflutamide in human plasma by high-performance liquid chromatography and its application to pharmacokinetic studies.
Daftsios, AC; Niopas, I, 2001)		2.05
"Flutamide appears to be a useful adjunct for improving vascular endothelial function and regional hemodynamics after trauma-hemorrhage and resuscitation."( Attenuation of vascular endothelial dysfunction by testosterone receptor blockade after trauma and hemorrhagic shock.
Ba, ZF; Bland, KI; Chaudry, IH; Koo, DJ; Ornan, DA; Wang, P, 2001)		1.75
"Flutamide seems to be a safe antiandrogen, which is effective in the management of previously untreated patients with advanced prostatic carcinoma."( Experience with flutamide in previously untreated patients with advanced prostatic cancer.
Sogani, PC; Whitmore, WF, 1979)		1.33
"Flutamide is a new nonsteroidal antiandrogen useful in the treatment of prostatic carcinoma. "( Flutamide. Mechanism of action of a new nonsteroidal antiandrogen.
Coffey, DS; Sufrin, G, 1976)		3.14
"Flutamide is a non-steroidal anti-androgen which has been used to treat prostate cancer. "( A rationale for the use of non-steroidal anti-androgens in the management of prostate cancer.
Benson, RC, 1992)		1.73
"Flutamide is a nonsteroidal pure antiandrogen that acts by inhibiting the uptake and/or binding of dihydrotestosterone to the target cell receptor, thus interfering with androgen action. "( Flutamide: an antiandrogen for advanced prostate cancer.
Goldspiel, BR; Kohler, DR, 1990)		3.16
"Flutamide is a non-steroidal antiandrogenic drug devoid of hormonal agonist activity. "( Flutamide. A preliminary review of its pharmacodynamic and pharmacokinetic properties, and therapeutic efficacy in advanced prostatic cancer.
Brogden, RN; Clissold, SP, 1989)		3.16
"Flutamide is a nonsteroidal antiandrogen that blocks androgen receptors, with a consequent increase in serum immunoreactive LH (I-LH) in the presence of high testosterone concentrations. "( Effect of the antiandrogen flutamide on pituitary LH content and release.
Calandra, RS; de las Heras, MA; Podestá, EJ; Sardañons, ML; Solano, AR, 1989)		2.02
"Flutamide is a nonsteroidal antiandrogen used in the treatment of prostatic carcinoma. "( The pharmacokinetics of flutamide and its major metabolites after a single oral dose and during chronic treatment.
Becker, H; Donn, F; Schmoldt, A; Schulz, M, 1988)		2.02

Effects

Flutamide has a direct vasodilating effect on large and small vessels in rats, which involves sex-dependent mechanisms. It has an incremental cost effectiveness more favorable than most accepted therapies.

Flutamide (FLT) has poor aqueous solubility and low oral bioavailability. Only Flutamide has been studied in monotherapy of prostatic cancer patients.

ExcerptReferenceRelevance
"Flutamide has a direct vasodilating effect on large and small vessels in rats, which involves sex-dependent mechanisms. "( Flutamide induces relaxation in large and small blood vessels.
Ba, ZF; Bland, KI; Chaudry, IH; Kuebler, JF; Rue, LW; Wang, P, 2002)		3.2
"Flutamide has an incremental cost effectiveness more favorable than most accepted therapies. "( Estimating the cost effectiveness of total androgen blockade with flutamide in M1 prostate cancer.
Bennett, CL; Crawford, ED; Hillner, BE; McLeod, DG, 1995)		1.97
"Flutamide (FLT) has poor aqueous solubility and low oral bioavailability."( Lyophilized flutamide dispersions with polyols and amino acids: preparation and in vitro evaluation.
Elgindy, N; Elkhodairy, K; Elzoghby, A; Molokhia, A, 2011)		2.19
"Flutamide has been rarely used for the treatment of female pattern hair loss (FPHL). "( Prospective cohort study on the effects and tolerability of flutamide in patients with female pattern hair loss.
Battaglia, C; Fabbri, R; Paradisi, R; Porcu, E; Seracchioli, R; Venturoli, S, 2011)		2.05
"Flutamide has been used as an adjunct for decreasing the mortality from subsequent sepsis. "( Flutamide, an androgen receptor antagonist, improves heatstroke outcomes in mice.
Chen, SH; Hsu, CC; Lin, CY; Lin, MT, 2012)		3.26
"Flutamide has a direct vasodilating effect on large and small vessels in rats, which involves sex-dependent mechanisms. "( Flutamide induces relaxation in large and small blood vessels.
Ba, ZF; Bland, KI; Chaudry, IH; Kuebler, JF; Rue, LW; Wang, P, 2002)		3.2
"Flutamide (FLUT) has potent anti-androgenic activity and is used in the medical field and in a screening test to detect endocrinologically active compounds. "( Flutamide depresses expression of cortactin in the ectoplasmic specialization between the Sertoli cells and spermatids in the mouse testis.
Anahara, R; Ishino, F; Kai, M; Maekawa, M; Mori, C; Toshimori, K; Toyama, Y, 2006)		3.22
"Flutamide has not previously been used in this manner but theoretically should protect the germinal epithelium, since flutamide rapidly blocks testosterone at the cellular level and also minimizes the testosterone "flare" when LHRH agonist therapy is initiated."( Protection of the germinal epithelium in the rat from the cytotoxic effects of chemotherapy by a luteinizing hormone-releasing hormone agonist and antiandrogen therapy.
Cespedes, RD; Jackson, C; Peretsman, SJ; Thompson, IM, 1995)		1.01
"Flutamide has an incremental cost effectiveness more favorable than most accepted therapies. "( Estimating the cost effectiveness of total androgen blockade with flutamide in M1 prostate cancer.
Bennett, CL; Crawford, ED; Hillner, BE; McLeod, DG, 1995)		1.97
"Flutamide has to be considered ineffective in patients extensively pretreated with chemotherapy, and it is not devoid of side-effects."( Phase II trial of flutamide in advanced ovarian cancer: an EORTC Gynaecological Cancer Cooperative Group study.
Guastalla, JP; Rao, BR; Renard, J; Tumolo, S; van der Burg, ME; Vermorken, JB, 1994)		1.34
"Flutamide has also been shown to produce Leydig cell tumors within 1 year, presumably due to sustained hypersecretion of luteinizing hormone (LH) which occurs following disruption of the hypothalamic-pituitary-testicular (HPT) axis."( Investigation of a mechanism for Leydig cell tumorigenesis by linuron in rats.
Biegel, LB; Cook, JC; Frame, SR; Mullin, LS, 1993)		1.01
"Flutamide withdrawal has been reported to be therapeutically efficacious for patients with hormone-refractory prostate cancer, with a reported prostate specific antigen (PSA) response rate of 29%."( The antiandrogen withdrawal syndrome. Experience in a large cohort of unselected patients with advanced prostate cancer.
Small, EJ; Srinivas, S, 1995)		1.73
"Flutamide has been used successfully in the treatment of hirsutism. "( Treatment of hirsutism with lowest-dose flutamide (62.5 mg/day).
Bayram, F; Güven, M; Müderris, II, 2000)		2.02
"Flutamide, which has antiandrogenic properties, was administered to pregnant rats, and effects on male offspring were examined. "( Effects of perinatal exposure to flutamide on sex hormones and androgen-dependent organs in F1 male rats.
Matsuo, M; Miyata, K; Nakanishi, T; Okuno, Y; Sano, M; Sukata, T; Yabushita, S; Yoshino, H, 2002)		2.04
"Only Flutamide has been studied in monotherapy of prostatic cancer patients."( Pure antiandrogens as monotherapy in prospective studies of prostatic carcinoma.
Schröder, FH, 1990)		0.73

Actions

Flutamide can cause fatal toxic liver injury and hence should be used with close monitoring of liver profile. Flutamide is known to inhibit cytochrome P450-mediated testosterone synthesis and metabolism.

ExcerptReferenceRelevance
"Flutamide is known to cause severe adverse events, which includes idiosyncratic liver injury."( Mechanism of non-steroidal anti-androgen-induced liver injury: Reactive metabolites of flutamide and bicalutamide activate inflammasomes.
Ijiri, Y; Kato, R; Kohda, Y; Noda, T; Tanaka, S; Yamada, T, 2023)		1.85
"Flutamide can enhance immune responses to an irradiated whole-cell melanoma vaccine. "( Androgen blockade enhances response to melanoma vaccine.
Gupta, RK; Hsueh, EC; Lefor, A; Morton, DL; Reyzin, G; Ye, W, 2003)		1.76
"Flutamide can cause fatal toxic liver injury and hence should be used with close monitoring of liver profile."( Hepatic failure with flutamide.
Desai, HG; Kackar, RR, )		1.17
"Flutamide can cause abnormal sex differentiation and sex development and induce the experimental model of hypospaias in rats."( [Impact of flutamide on sex differentiation in rats].
Li, Y; Liang, Y; Wang, WD; Wu, DS; Zhang, H, 2006)		2.17
"Flutamide inhibited the increase in hyaluronan."( Androgen-regulated cervical ripening: a structural, biomechanical, and molecular analysis.
Chien, EK; Dailey, TL; Ji, H; Long, V, 2008)		1.07
"Flutamide induced an increase in mean LH and testosterone levels (p < 0.01)."( The effect of non-steroidal antiandrogen flutamide on luteinizing hormone pulsatile secretion in male-to-female transsexual subjects.
Carraro, A; Cuttica, CM; Falivene, MR; Giordano, G; Giusti, M; Valenti, S, 1995)		1.28
"Flutamide appears to cause hepatotoxic effects in certain patients. "( Fatal and nonfatal hepatotoxicity associated with flutamide.
Freiman, JP; Horton, ML; Tourtelot, JB; Wysowski, DK, 1993)		1.98
"Flutamide is known to inhibit cytochrome P450-mediated testosterone synthesis and metabolism."( Salutary clinical response of prostate cancer to antiandrogen withdrawal: assessment of flutamide in an in vitro paradigm predictive of tumor growth enhancement.
Brandes, LJ; LaBella, FS; Queen, GM, 1997)		1.24
"Flutamide did not produce a response different from that seen in vehicle-treated pups, discounting a role for androgen receptors."( Sexual differentiation of the luteinizing hormone response of neonatal rats to the narcotic antagonist naloxone: critical role of estrogen receptors.
Almeida, OF; Schulz, R, 1988)		1
"Flutamide did not inhibit aggressive or sexual behavior, but did decrease testis weight as well as the size of the renal sex segment."( Effects of the antiandrogens cyproterone acetate and flutamide on male reproductive behavior in a lizard (Anolis sagrei).
Tokarz, RR, 1987)		1.24

Treatment

Flutamide treatment enhanced proceptive behaviors in E(2)-treated females compared to other treatment groups. Flutamide-treated rats also had a greater level of PVN arginine vasopressin mRNA. Flutsamide cotreatment did not affect serum androgen levels but completely blocked the SERM-mediated mammary gland change.

ExcerptReferenceRelevance
"Flutamide pretreatment for 3 weeks followed by EDL at PNW7 dramatically decreased the number of proliferating BCs on EDL day 2, and the number of proliferating PCs on EDL day 2.5, compared to controls."( Androgens are essential for epithelial cell recovery after efferent duct ligation in the initial segment of the mouse epididymis†.
Breton, S; Kim, B, 2020)		1.28
"Flutamide-treated male offspring (n = 67), and vehicle-treated male (n = 34) and female (n = 28) offspring were surgically explored under microscope on postnatal day 50."( Morphologic alterations of the genital mesentery implicated in testis non-descent in rats prenatally exposed to flutamide.
Chrousos, G; Kanaka-Gantenbein, C; Kostakis, A; Mentessidou, A; Mirilas, P; Salakos, C, 2021)		1.55
"Flutamide treatment caused changes in both HIF-1a and VEGFA mRNA levels only in the placentas of the 90 dpc group. "( The impact of antiandrogen flutamide on the hypoxia inducible factor 1a and vascular endothelial growth factor A gene and protein expression in the pig placenta during late pregnancy.
Czaja, E; Grzesiak, M; Knapczyk-Stwora, K; Slomczynska, M; Wieciech-Rojkiewicz, I, 2017)		2.19
"Flutamide treatment in LET females reversed elevated T levels and restored ovarian expression of Cyp17a1 (critical for androgen synthesis) to normal levels."( Antiandrogen Treatment Ameliorates Reproductive and Metabolic Phenotypes in the Letrozole-Induced Mouse Model of PCOS.
Malik, S; Mellon, PL; Ryan, GE, 2018)		1.2
"Flutamide treatment accelerated disease onset and locomotor dysfunction in male SOD1"( Androgen receptor antagonism accelerates disease onset in the SOD1
Boon, WC; Chiam, MDF; Djouma, E; Lau, CL; McLeod, VM; Roessner, U; Rupasinghe, TW; Turner, BJ, 2019)		1.24
"Flutamide treatment can efficiently ameliorate the hyperandrogenemia-induced the disorders in aspects of decidualization, angiogenesis and uNK cells, which further improve the poor endometrial receptivity in PCOS patients."( Flutamide ameliorates uterine decidualization and angiogenesis in the mouse hyperandrogenemia model during mid-pregnancy.
Gong, H; Kuang, H; Li, Y; Ling, Y; Liu, H; Qiao, B; Wu, W; Xu, J; Yang, B; Yu, D, 2019)		3.4
"Flutamide treatment increased circulating testosterone yet also reduced seminal vesicle weight due to local antagonism of androgen receptor."( Anogenital distance plasticity in adulthood: implications for its use as a biomarker of fetal androgen action.
Cruickshanks, L; McKinnell, C; Milne, L; Mitchell, RT; Mungall, W; Sharpe, RM; Smith, LB, 2015)		1.14
"Flutamide treatment increased the expression of BMP4 mRNA on GD50 and GD108 and BMPR-IB mRNA on GD50. "( TGFβ (transforming growth factor β) superfamily members and their receptors in the fetal porcine ovaries: effect of prenatal flutamide treatment.
Duda, M; Galas, J; Grzesiak, M; Knapczyk-Stwora, K; Koziorowski, M; Slomczynska, M, 2014)		2.05
"Flutamide treatment (10 mg/kg/day subcutaneously for 10 days) reduced mean arterial pressure in protein-restricted offspring but was without significant effect in controls."( Enhanced mesenteric arterial responsiveness to angiotensin II is androgen receptor-dependent in prenatally protein-restricted adult female rat offspring.
Balakrishnan, MP; Sathishkumar, K; Yallampalli, C, 2015)		1.14
"Flutamide treatment caused fluctuations in Cx43 expression especially before parturition."( Influence of the antiandrogen flutamide on connexin 43 (Cx43) gene and protein expression in the porcine placenta and uterus during pregnancy.
Grzesiak, M; Knapczyk-Stwora, K; Pytlik, A; Słomczynska, M; Wieciech, I, 2014)		1.41
"Flutamide treatment decreased the activity of SDH and NAD.H2 compared with the controls."( The effect of flutamide on the physical working capacity and activity of some of the key enzymes for the energy supply in adult rats.
Angelova, PA; Delchev, SD; Georgieva, KN; Gerginska, FD; Shishmanova-Doseva, MS; Terzieva, DD; Vasilev, VV, )		1.21
"Flutamide treatment prevented the effect of DHT on CRHR2 mRNA indicating that DHT's effect on CRHR2 expression is AR-mediated."( Androgen regulation of corticotropin-releasing hormone receptor 2 (CRHR2) mRNA expression and receptor binding in the rat brain.
Bale, TL; Goel, N; Handa, RJ; Sandau, US; Weiser, MJ, 2008)		1.07
"Flutamide treatment increased apoptosis compared to controls, but only with CGRP (2.3% vs 7.3%, P < .001)."( Calcitonin gene-related peptide is a survival factor, inhibiting apoptosis in neonatal rat gubernaculum in vitro.
Chan, JJ; Farmer, PJ; Hutson, JM; Sourial, M; Southwell, BR, 2009)		1.07
"Flutamide treatment did not affect disinhibited behavior in testosterone-treated rats."( The aromatase inhibitor 1,4,6-androstatriene-3,17-dione (ATD) reduces disinhibitory behavior in intact adult male rats treated with a high dose of testosterone.
Svensson, AI, 2010)		1.08
"Flutamide-treated rats (D2) showed the gubernaculum surrounded by a persisting breast bud."( Hidden in plain sight: the mammary line in males may be the missing link regulating inguinoscrotal testicular descent.
Balic, A; Buraundi, S; Farmer, P; Hutson, J; Nation, T; Newgreen, D; Southwell, B, 2010)		1.08
"Flutamide treated rats presented reductions in weight of testes and prostate, percentage of normal spermatozoa, spermatozoa concentration, testicular sperm production, and testosterone level."( Copulatory efficiency and fertility in male rats exposed perinatally to flutamide.
Garcia, PC; Leonelli, C; Pereira, OC, 2011)		1.32
"Flutamide treatment for FPHL has not been evaluated in long-term studies with sufficiently large numbers of women."( Prospective cohort study on the effects and tolerability of flutamide in patients with female pattern hair loss.
Battaglia, C; Fabbri, R; Paradisi, R; Porcu, E; Seracchioli, R; Venturoli, S, 2011)		1.33
"The flutamide treated CaP cases had increased discriminant function scores in 19 out of 24 cases (79%) and an increase of the mean score by 43%; the 5 cases with lower scores involved only minor reductions."( A randomized phase IIb presurgical study of finasteride vs. low-dose flutamide vs. placebo in men with prostate cancer. Efficacy monitored by karyometry.
Alberts, DS; Bartels, HG; Bartels, PH; Carmignani, G; DeCensi, A; Decobelli, O; Hurle, R; Maffezzini, M; Mazzucchelli, R; Montironi, R; Puntoni, M, 2013)		1.11
"Flutamide treatment itself significantly increased aldosterone levels in male but not in female rats."( Flutamide increases aldosterone levels in gonadectomized male but not female Wistar rats.
Bartel, C; Götz, F; Hofmann, PJ; Kienitz, T; Michaelis, M; Quinkler, M, 2012)		2.54
"Flutamide treatment or tfm mutation produced a significant attenuation of the development of hypertension."( Abolition of hypertension-induced end-organ damage by androgen receptor blockade in transgenic rats harboring the mouse ren-2 gene.
Andreev, D; Bader, M; Baltatu, O; Cayla, C; Iliescu, R; Jordan, C, 2002)		1.04
"In flutamide-treated males, the lumbar 1 dorsal root ganglia was feminized and significantly fewer cell bodies expressed calcitonin gene- related peptide."( Effect of an anti-androgen on testicular descent and inguinal closure in a marsupial, the tammar wallaby (Macropus eugenii).
Coveney, D; Hutson, JM; Renfree, MB; Shaw, G, 2002)		0.83
"Flutamide treatment significantly attenuated the development of hypertension in female rats (systolic blood pressure: treated, 134.5+/-5.4 versus control, 165.4+/-3.8 mm Hg)."( Abolition of end-organ damage by antiandrogen treatment in female hypertensive transgenic rats.
Andreev, D; Bader, M; Baltatu, O; Cayla, C; Iliescu, R, 2003)		1.04
"Flutamide-metformin treatment (n = 30) was followed within 3 months by marked decreases in hirsutism score and serum androgens, by a more than 50% increase in insulin sensitivity and by a less atherogenic lipid profile (all P < 0.0001)."( Low-dose flutamide-metformin therapy reverses insulin resistance and reduces fat mass in nonobese adolescents with ovarian hyperandrogenism.
Amin, R; de Zegher, F; Dunger, D; Ferrer, A; Ibáñez, L; Ong, K, 2003)		1.46
"Flutamide treatment attenuated the development of hypertension in mouse renin transgenic rats with the tfm mutation."( Androgen receptor independent cardiovascular action of the antiandrogen flutamide.
Bader, M; Baltatu, O; Campos, LA; Iliescu, R; Morano, I; Schlegel, WP, 2003)		1.27
"Flutamide treatment led to increased leptin levels and leptin responses to oral glucose tolerance tests in PCOS patients."( Leptin levels increase during flutamide therapy in women with polycystic ovary syndrome.
Aral, Y; Culha, C; Demirbas, B; Guler, S; Karakurt, F; Sahin, I; Serter, R; Taskapan, C, 2003)		1.33
"Flutamide treatment enhanced proceptive behaviors in E(2)-treated females compared to other treatment groups; this was most likely via enhanced tail wagging."( Divergent roles for estrogens and androgens in the expression of female goat sexual behavior.
Imwalle, DB; Katz, LS, 2004)		1.04
"Flutamide treatment also decreased lateral head displacement."( Reproductive disorders in pubertal and adult phase of the male rats exposed to vinclozolin during puberty.
Ahn, B; Do, JC; Hong, JT; Kim, YC; Lee, BJ; Lee, YS; Nam, SY; Yu, WJ; Yun, YW, 2004)		1.04
"Flutamide-treated rats also had a greater level of PVN arginine vasopressin mRNA."( Organizational role for testosterone and estrogen on adult hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis activity in the male rat.
Atkinson, HC; Harbuz, MS; Lightman, SL; Seale, JV; Wood, SA, 2005)		1.05
"Flutamide-treated females that paced their sexual contacts developed CPP with fewer intromissions than control females."( Prenatal blockade of androgen receptors reduces the number of intromissions needed to induce conditioned place preference after paced mating in female rats.
Camacho, FJ; Domínguez-Salazar, E; Paredes, RG, 2005)		1.05
"Flutamide treatment at 50 mg/kg had no significant effect on CYP1A2 mRNA, protein, or enzyme activity."( Induction of liver cytochrome P450 1A2 expression by flutamide in rats.
Li, D; Liu, X; Long, JE; Ma, XC; Wang, HX; Xu, CJ, 2005)		1.3
"Flutamide cotreatment did not affect serum androgen levels but completely blocked the SERM-mediated mammary gland change."( Androgen dependent mammary gland virilism in rats given the selective estrogen receptor modulator LY2066948 hydrochloride.
Cohen, IR; Coutant, DE; Henck, JW; Robbins, MR; Rudmann, DG, 2005)		1.05
"The flutamide treated cells were set as the experimental group and the LNCaP cells as the control."( Change of the cell cycle after flutamide treatment in prostate cancer cells and its molecular mechanism.
Liu, F; Qin, WJ; Shao, C; Shao, GX; Shi, CH; Wang, H; Wang, PF; Wang, Y; Yang, B; Yue, HH; Zhang, L; Zhang, YT, 2005)		1.1
"Flutamide treatment might up-regulate CDKN1A and BTG1 expression in prostate cancer cells. "( Change of the cell cycle after flutamide treatment in prostate cancer cells and its molecular mechanism.
Liu, F; Qin, WJ; Shao, C; Shao, GX; Shi, CH; Wang, H; Wang, PF; Wang, Y; Yang, B; Yue, HH; Zhang, L; Zhang, YT, 2005)		2.06
"Flutamide treatment in males either early or late in gestation did not significantly affect scream production."( Sex differences in juvenile rhesus macaque (Macaca mulatta) agonistic screams: life history differences and effects of prenatal androgens.
Gouzoules, H; Tomaszycki, ML; Wallen, K, 2005)		1.05
"Flutamide treatment increased intestinal HO-1 and ER-beta mRNA/protein levels as compared with vehicle-treated T-H rats."( Mechanism of the salutary effects of flutamide on intestinal myeloperoxidase activity following trauma-hemorrhage: up-regulation of estrogen receptor-{beta}-dependent HO-1.
Chaudry, IH; Choudhry, MA; Hsieh, YC; Schwacha, MG; Shimizu, T; Yang, S; Yu, HP, 2006)		1.33
"Flutamide treatment exhibited agonist activities in HPE cells derived from tumor and non-tumor specimens which contained wild-type AR. "( Androgen and anti-androgen treatment modulates androgen receptor activity and DJ-1 stability.
Coetzee, GA; Cookson, MS; Gu, G; Kasper, S; Pitkänen-Arsiola, T; Roberts, RL; Tillman, JE; Wantroba, M; Yuan, J, 2006)		1.78
"Flutamide treatment impaired differentiation of inner stromal cells, shown by decreased expression of smooth muscle actin, before effects were noted in the epithelium, consistent with androgens driving WD development via stromal-epithelial interactions."( Androgen-dependent mechanisms of Wolffian duct development and their perturbation by flutamide.
Marchetti, NI; Saunders, PT; Sharpe, RM; Welsh, M, 2006)		1.28
"Flutamide-treated FZDR had a significant reduction in body weight/adiposity to 432 +/- 44 g, compared to controls at 553 +/- 37 g (P = 0.045), and random blood glucose concentration of 185 +/- 44 g/dL, compared to the control FZDR at 475 +/- 34 g/dL (P = 0.002). "( The effect of flutamide on systemic and renal hemodynamics in Zucker diabetic rats: paradoxic renal vasodilator response to endothelin-1 and TXA2 receptor activation in female sex.
Ajayi, AA; Fidelis, P, 2006)		2.14
"Flutamide pre-treatment completely prevented this increase."( Androgen manipulation alters oxidative DNA adduct levels in androgen-sensitive prostate cancer cells grown in vitro and in vivo.
Farmer, PB; Gescher, AJ; Greaves, P; Mellon, JK; Pathak, S; Sharma, RA; Singh, R; Steward, WP; Verschoyle, RD, 2008)		1.07
"Flutamide treatment, on the other hand, decreased [11C]vorozole binding in the bed nucleus of the stria terminalis, preoptic area, and medial amygdala."( Alteration in [11C]vorozole binding to aromatase in neuronal cells of rat brain induced by anabolic androgenic steroids and flutamide.
Bergström, M; Långström, B; Takahashi, K; Tamura, Y; Watanabe, Y, 2008)		1.27
"Flutamide treatment also decreased fertility by 48% (P less than 0.05)."( Endocrinological and histological changes induced by flutamide treatment on the hypothalamo-hypophyseal testicular axis of the adult male rat and their incidences on fertility.
Barenton, B; Hochereau de Reviers, MT; Perreau, C; Viguier-Martinez, MC, 1983)		1.24
"Flutamide-treated males had significant elevation of serum testosterone, but their atrophied seminal vesicles strongly suggested that peripheral androgen effects were blocked."( Accelerated deaths from systemic lupus erythematosus in NZB x NZW F1 mice treated with the testosterone-blocking drug flutamide.
Besch-Williford, CL; Keisler, DH; Walker, SE, 1994)		1.22
"Flutamide-treated tumors histologically consisted of small or dilated glandular structure with an increase in stromal area, but androgen receptors were preserved."( Effect of early exposure of flutamide on subsequent growth of transplantable rat prostatic tumor (dunning R-3327).
Lee, SZ; Masai, M; Sato, N; Shimazaki, J; Suzuki, H; Watabe, Y, 1994)		1.3
"Flutamide treatment did not change the [HCO3-] in systemic arterial blood or seminiferous tubules but increased markedly the values in proximal caput and middle caput."( Effect of a nonsteroidal antiandrogen, flutamide on intraluminal acidification in rat testis and epididymis.
Caflisch, CR, )		1.12
"All flutamide-treated groups had a significant decrease in prostate volume from baseline to the last treatment visit compared to placebo and this reduction was dose related (in comparison to placebo: P < 0.05 for 125 mg twice daily and P < 0.001 for all other treatment arms)."( A dose-response study of the effect of flutamide on benign prostatic hyperplasia: results of a multicenter study.
Costello, AJ; Das, S; Debruyne, FM; Jimenez-Cruz, JF; Klimberg, I; Lepor, H; Narayan, P; Schellhammer, PF; Shearer, R; Stone, N; Tewari, A; Trachtenberg, J, 1996)		1.04
"Flutamide treatment provoked a significant decrease in proportion and bioactivity of FSH isoforms bearing biantennary and truncated hybrid oligosaccharide side chains and an increase in the proportion but a decrease in bioactivity of FSH isoforms bearing high-mannose oligosaccharides."( Immunological and biological activities of pituitary FSH isoforms in prepubertal male rats: effect of antiandrogens.
Calandra, RS; Campo, S; Cigorraga, SB; Creus, S; Pellizzari, E; Rulli, SB, 1996)		1.02
"When flutamide treatment was combined with castration, the erectile response was nearly abolished, but NOS activity was not decreased below the values in castrated rats."( Androgen and pituitary control of penile nitric oxide synthase and erectile function in the rat.
Cai, L; González-Cadavid, NF; Ng, C; Penson, DF; Rajfer, J, 1996)		0.75
"Flutamide treatment determined a clinical, marked improvement of androgen hypersensitivity (Ferriman-Gallwey score: before 22.0 +/- 6.2; 6 months: 13.2 +/- 6.4, P < 0.003; 12 months; 7.6 +/- 4.1, P < 0."( Androgen-receptor blockade does not impair bone mineral density in adolescent females.
Baroncelli, GI; Battini, R; Bertelloni, S; Costa, S; Saggese, G; Sorrentino, MC, 1997)		1.02
"Flutamide treatment was also associated with a trend toward an increase in HDL (by 14%; P = 0.14)."( The effect of a pure antiandrogen receptor blocker, flutamide, on the lipid profile in the polycystic ovary syndrome.
Diamanti-Kandarakis, E; Duleba, AJ; Mitrakou, A; Raptis, S; Tolis, G, 1998)		1.27
"Flutamide and tamoxifen treatment both suppressed FSH secretion at either age examined (p < 0.01)."( Direct actions of gonadal steroid hormones on FSH secretion and expression in the infantile female rat.
Handa, RJ; Wilson, ME, 1998)		1.02
"Flutamide treatment resulted in higher basal levels of testosterone and stress levels of corticosterone compared to vehicle treatment, and there was no interaction of treatment with age at time of treatment."( Persistent effects of prenatal, neonatal, or adult treatment with flutamide on the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal stress response of adult male rats.
Mahoney, E; McCormick, CM, 1999)		1.26
"The flutamide treatment had little effect on CYP enzyme expression."( Modulation of testosterone-metabolizing hepatic cytochrome P-450 enzymes in developing Sprague-Dawley rats following in utero exposure to p,p'-DDE.
Archibeque-Engle, S; Bruce, JM; Casanova, M; Chan, SK; Corton, JC; Heck, H; You, L, 1999)		0.78
"ATD+flutamide treatment decreased several aggressive behaviors."( Combined aromatase inhibitor and antiandrogen treatment decreases territorial aggression in a wild songbird during the nonbreeding season.
Soma, KK; Sullivan, K; Wingfield, J, 1999)		0.78
"Flutamide treatment was accompanied by a marked decrease in the hirsutism score, free androgen index, and testosterone, androstenedione, and dehydroepiandrosterone levels and by an increase in sex hormone-binding globulin concentrations."( Treatment of hirsutism, hyperandrogenism, oligomenorrhea, dyslipidemia, and hyperinsulinism in nonobese, adolescent girls: effect of flutamide.
de Zegher, F; Ibáñez, L; Marcos, MV; Potau, N, 2000)		1.23
"Flutamide-treated, Casodex-treated and castrated groups presented a decreased number of secretory granules with some exocytotic profiles, well-developed rough endoplasmic reticulum and an expanded Golgi complex of both types of cells."( Ultrastructural and quantitative immunohistochemical changes induced by nonsteroid antiandrogens on pituitary gonadotroph population of prepubertal male rats.
Calandra, RS; Cónsole, GM; Gómez Dumm, CL; Jurado, SB; Rulli, SB, 2001)		1.03
"Flutamide treatment for 4 weeks resulted in decreased organ weights of the epididymides and prostate, decreased sperm counts and Leydig cell proliferation in the testes at 60 mg/kg and 200 mg/kg."( Collaborative work to evaluate toxicity on male reproductive organs by repeated dose studies in rats 5). Effects of repeated doses of flutamide for 2 and 4 weeks.
Ikuse, T; Nomura, A; Okahara, A; Sakamoto, H; Tanioka, H; Yamashita, K, 2000)		1.23
"Late flutamide treatments of females produced as much masculinization of SRVs as did early androgen treatment in females."( Sex differences in infant rhesus macaque separation-rejection vocalizations and effects of prenatal androgens.
Davis, JE; Gouzoules, H; Tomaszycki, ML; Wallen, K, 2001)		0.77
"Flutamide treatment resulted in a significant reduction in the weights of epididymides, ventral prostate, seminal vesicles plus coagulating glands and fluid, levator ani plus bulbocavernosus muscles, Cowper's glands, and glans penis."( Effects of flutamide on puberty in male rats: an evaluation of the protocol for the assessment of pubertal development and thyroid function.
Han, SY; Kang, H; Kim, HS; Kim, IY; Kim, TS; Moon, HJ; Nam, SY; Park, KL; Seok, JH; Shin, JH, 2002)		1.43
"Flutamide treatment decreases cortisol clearance, thereby prolonging its half-life. "( Treatment with flutamide decreases cortisol clearance: implications for therapy in congenital adrenal hyperplasia.
Brook, CG; Charmandari, E; Hindmarsh, PC; Honour, JW; Johnston, A, 2002)		2.11
"In flutamide-treated animals, complete feminization of the genitalia occurred at 24 mg/kg.day in all animals."( Comparison of the effects of the 5 alpha-reductase inhibitor finasteride and the antiandrogen flutamide on prostate and genital differentiation: dose-response studies.
Imperato-McGinley, J; Sanchez, RS; Spencer, JR; Vaughan, ED; Yee, B, 1992)		1.02
"Flutamide-treated males also had proportionately more large neurons than control males but fewer than females."( Prenatal flutamide alters sexually dimorphic nuclei in the spinal cord of male rats.
Casto, JM; Grisham, W; Kashon, ML; Ward, IL; Ward, OB, 1992)		1.42
"Flutamide treatment increased mean plasma bioactive LH concentrations from 27 +/- 2.3 to 54 +/- 9.1 IU/L (P = 0.018)."( Evidence that androgen negative feedback regulates hypothalamic gonadotropin-releasing hormone impulse strength and the burst-like secretion of biologically active luteinizing hormone in men.
Dufau, ML; Urban, RJ; Veldhuis, JD, 1992)		1
"Flutamide treatment resulted in a reduced size of two forebrain nuclei that are known to play some role unique to early phases of song learning [lateral magnocellular nucleus of the anterior neostriatum (IMAN) and area X (X)], but did not affect the size of two song-control nuclei that are necessary for normal song production in adult birds [caudal nucleus of the ventral hyperstriatum (HVc) and robust nucleus of the archistriatum (RA)]."( Castration and antisteroid treatment impair vocal learning in male zebra finches.
Bottjer, SW; Hewer, SJ, 1992)		1
"Flutamide-treated animals displayed a marked hypertrophy of Leydig cells."( Testis and epididymis of the Indian wall lizard (Hemidactylus flaviviridis): effects of flutamide on FSH and testosterone influenced spermatogenesis, Leydig cell, and epididymis.
Haider, S; Rai, U, 1991)		1.22
"Flutamide treatment caused also a decrease in the responses, but they were of inferior value than those obtained after surgical castration."( Effects of castration, androgen replacement and flutamide treatment on the contractile function of the rat prostate.
Hib, J; Magariños, GA, 1989)		1.25
"Flutamide treatment provoked a decrease in I-LH and B-LH pituitary content; this effect was significantly higher under in vitro GnRH stimulation."( Effect of the antiandrogen flutamide on pituitary LH content and release.
Calandra, RS; de las Heras, MA; Podestá, EJ; Sardañons, ML; Solano, AR, 1989)		1.3
"In flutamide-treated rats, LH concentrations were markedly increased, as were serum and epididymal androgens."( Ornithine decarboxylase activity as a marker of androgen and antiandrogen action in the rat epididymis.
Calandra, RS; de las Heras, MA; Suescun, MO, 1988)		0.79
"Flutamide treatment decreased the weight of accessory sex organs, stimulated the secretion of both LH (+200%) and FSH (+63%) by inhibition of the negative feedback of testosterone; endogenous testosterone secretion was increased by 363%."( Effects of flutamide or of supplementation with testosterone in prepubertal male rats prenatally treated with busulfan.
Hochereau-de Reviers, MT; Perreau, C; Viguier-Martinez, MC, 1985)		1.38
"Pretreatment with flutamide, as well as knockdown of androgen receptor, decreased testosterone-induced DR5 and CHOP expression, as well as apoptosis."( Endoplasmic Reticulum Stress Activated by Androgen Enhances Apoptosis of Granulosa Cells via Induction of Death Receptor 5 in PCOS.
Azhary, JMK; Fujii, T; Harada, M; Hirata, T; Hirota, Y; Koga, K; Koike, H; Kunitomi, C; Nose, E; Osuga, Y; Takahashi, N; Wada-Hiraike, O, 2019)		0.84
"Treatment with flutamide had no effect on blood pressure or renal AT1aR mRNA expression in ovariectomized controls."( Androgen Receptor Blockade Differentially Regulates Blood Pressure in Growth-Restricted Versus Ovarian Deficient Rats.
Alexander, BT; Bamrick, DR; Coats, LE; Davis, GK; Intapad, S; Newsome, AD; Ojeda, NB, 2019)		0.85
"Treatment with flutamide (an anti-androgen) caused a dose-dependent decrease in the expression of GLUT-5 protein in the testis that suggested that the expression of GLUT-5 was under androgenic control."( The expression pattern of the glucose transporter GLUT-5 in the testis during the spermatogenic cycle of the vespertilionid bat Scotophilus heathi.
Krishna, A; Roy, VK, 2013)		0.73
"Treatment with flutamide, an androgen receptor (AR) antagonist, during the perinatal period inhibits development of malespecific brain structure and function, suggesting that androgen signaling via AR also influences brain masculinization."( Critical role of androgen receptor in the postnatal period in male sexual behavior in rats.
Kawata, M; Matsuda, KI; Ohoya, M; Takanami, K; Yamada, S, 2015)		0.76
"Co-treatment with flutamide (low or high) resulted in oocyte atresia."( Does anti-androgen, flutamide cancel out the in vivo effects of the androgen, dihydrotestosterone on sexual development in juvenile Murray rainbowfish (Melanotaenia fluviatilis)?
Bhatia, H; Kumar, A, 2016)		1.08
"Treatment with flutamide (FLU), a specific androgen receptor (AR) antagonist, was also performed."( DHEA improves the antioxidant capacity of endometrial stromal cells and improves endometrium receptivity via androgen receptor.
Fan, L; Jiang, L; Jin, Y; Mo, F; Qin, A; Qin, J; Xie, W, 2016)		0.77
"Treatment with flutamide, a known inhibitor of sebum production, gave similar results, validating the human skin/SCID mouse experimental system for sebaceous secretion studies."( A melanocortin receptor 1 and 5 antagonist inhibits sebaceous gland differentiation and the production of sebum-specific lipids.
Anthonavage, M; Eisinger, M; Huang, Q; Li, WH; Pappas, A; Rossetti, D; Seiberg, M; Zhang, L, 2011)		0.71
"Treatment with flutamide in MF transsexuals elicits an increase in androgens, which are not biologically active because of the androgen receptor blockade, and an increase in the estrogenic milieu, which correlates with the increase in NOx."( Circulating nitric oxide levels increase after anti-androgen treatment in male-to-female transsexuals.
Fazzuoli, L; Giusti, M; Valenti, S, 2003)		0.66
"Treatment with flutamide has been associated with clinical hepatotoxicty. "( Transport, metabolism, and hepatotoxicity of flutamide, drug-drug interaction with acetaminophen involving phase I and phase II metabolites.
Ellis, E; Kostrubsky, SE; Mutlib, AE; Nelson, SD; Strom, SC, 2007)		0.95
"Treatment with flutamide on days 14-20 of gestation resulted in hypospadias, the absence or only rudimentary growth of prostate and seminal vesicles, and the presence of a vagina in male offspring."( Inhibition of development of both androgen-dependent and androgen-independent pigment cells in scrotal skin dermis of the rat by antiandrogen treatment during fetal growth.
Wilson, MJ, 1983)		0.61
"Treatment with flutamide, EDS or castration significantly increased (p < 0.05) serum levels of LH, FSH and alpha-subunit, whereas serum gonadotrophin levels were decreased in the GnRH antagonist-treated group."( Effects of antiandrogens and ethane dimethane sulphonate (EDS) on gene expression, free subunits, bioactivity and secretion of pituitary gonadotrophins in male rats.
Gromoll, J; Nieschlag, E; Simoni, M; Weinbauer, GF, 1993)		0.63
"Treatment with flutamide was associated with a significant decrease in the LDL/HDL ratio by 23% (P = 0.005), in total cholesterol by 18% (P < 0.0001), in LDL by 13% (P = 0.002), and in triglycerides by 23% (P = 0.002)."( The effect of a pure antiandrogen receptor blocker, flutamide, on the lipid profile in the polycystic ovary syndrome.
Diamanti-Kandarakis, E; Duleba, AJ; Mitrakou, A; Raptis, S; Tolis, G, 1998)		0.89
"Treatment with flutamide can completely reverse hyperinsulinemia only in women with IH, which suggests that the efficacy of the drug is dependent on peripheral androgen hyperactivity."( Treatment with flutamide improves hyperinsulinemia in women with idiopathic hirsutism.
Ajossa, S; Cagnacci, A; Guerriero, S; Melis, GB; Orrù, M; Paoletti, AM, 1999)		1
"Pretreatment with flutamide increased the serum testosterone level, but the testosterone surge after leuprorelin administration was almost the same in all 5 treatment groups. "( Optimal starting time for flutamide to prevent disease flare in prostate cancer patients treated with a gonadotropin-releasing hormone agonist.
Kumon, H; Maki, Y; Nasu, Y; Noda, M; Saika, T; Suyama, B; Tsushima, T; Yamato, T, 2001)		0.94
"Treatment with flutamide resulted in a decrease in cortisol clearance from 420 ml/l to 305 ml/l (27% reduction), and a decrease in volume of distribution from 51.61 to 451 (12.9% reduction). "( Treatment with flutamide decreases cortisol clearance: implications for therapy in congenital adrenal hyperplasia.
Brook, CG; Charmandari, E; Hindmarsh, PC; Honour, JW; Johnston, A, 2002)		1.02

Toxicity

Flutamide in a dosage of 125 or 250 mg daily is a safe drug in the long-term treatment of hirsutism. Simultaneous treatment with flutamide and acetaminophen (APAP) resulted in additive to synergistic toxic effects.

ExcerptReferenceRelevance
" Since uninterrupted administration of the antiandrogen is of the outmost importance for the successful therapy of prostatic cancer, the availability of a compound such as flutamide that has no side effect other than those due to hypoandrogenicity should greatly facilitate compliance by the patients and the success of the treatment."( Ocular toxicity of Anandron in patients treated for prostatic cancer.
Dupont, A; Harnois, C; Labrie, F; Malenfant, M, 1986)		0.46
"Case series of reports, submitted to the Adverse Drug Event Reporting System of the Food and Drug Administration."( Fatal and nonfatal hepatotoxicity associated with flutamide.
Freiman, JP; Horton, ML; Tourtelot, JB; Wysowski, DK, 1993)		0.54
" It was concluded that flutamide is toxic to rat hepatocytes as a result of the cytochrome P450 (3A and also 1A)-mediated formation of electrophilic metabolites, whose damaging effects are further aggravated by the inhibitory effect of flutamide on mitochondrial respiration and ATP formation."( Toxicity of the antiandrogen flutamide in isolated rat hepatocytes.
Berson, A; Eugene, D; Fau, D; Fisch, C; Fromenty, B; Letteron, P; Pessayre, D, 1994)		0.89
" Hot flushes was the most frequently reported adverse event in TAB groups (40% of patients), leading to withdrawal in 4 patients (0."( Tolerability and safety of flutamide in monotherapy, with orchiectomy or with LHRH-a in advanced prostate cancer patients. A Belgian multicenter study of 905 patients.
Casselman, J; Kurjatkin, O; Mattelaer, J; Oosterlinck, W; Schulman, C; Van Velthoven, R, 1996)		0.59
"Flutamide alone or in combination therapy appears to be safe and well tolerated."( Tolerability and safety of flutamide in monotherapy, with orchiectomy or with LHRH-a in advanced prostate cancer patients. A Belgian multicenter study of 905 patients.
Casselman, J; Kurjatkin, O; Mattelaer, J; Oosterlinck, W; Schulman, C; Van Velthoven, R, 1996)		2.03
" The results suggest that the inhibition of the respiratory burst observed in phorbol myristate acetate (PMA)-activated cells is mediated by photosensitization and concomitant singlet oxygen production and/or formation of toxic photoproducts."( Photochemistry and phototoxicity studies of flutamide, a phototoxic anti-cancer drug.
Fraile, G; Fuentes, A; Méndez, H; Rivas, C; Vargas, F; Velásquez, M, 2000)		0.57
" Since that review, some new knowledge allows us to better predict that some structural moieties are more likely than others to form drug reactive metabolites that may be involved in causing toxic effects in humans."( Structure toxicity relationships--how useful are they in predicting toxicities of new drugs?
Nelson, SD, 2001)		0.31
"In this study we aimed to discuss whether the gonadal suppression is effective or not in preventing the gonadal toxic effects of some chemotherapeutics."( The effects of GnRH analogues and antiandrogenes in preventing the gonadotoxic effects of COPP chemotherapy.
Akay, AF; Bircan, MK; Deniz, M; Göçmen, M; Nergiz, Y; Sahin, H, 2001)		0.31
"As a conclusion we think that gonadal suppression applied during chemotherapy regimen could decrease the testicular toxic effects of chemotherapeutic but more clinical investigations needed for routine application."( The effects of GnRH analogues and antiandrogenes in preventing the gonadotoxic effects of COPP chemotherapy.
Akay, AF; Bircan, MK; Deniz, M; Göçmen, M; Nergiz, Y; Sahin, H, 2001)		0.31
"These data suggest that both therapies were similarly effective and safe in the treatment of hirsutism."( Comparison of the clinical efficacy and safety of flutamide versus flutamide plus an oral contraceptive in the treatment of hirsutism.
Başogul, O; Inal, M; Ispahi, C; Karanfil, C; Onoglu, A; Taner, C; Tinar, S, 2002)		0.57
" We hypothesize that GI side effects of flutamide are not a direct local toxic effect resulting in a similar side effect profile for irradiated and nonirradiated cases."( Direct gastrointestinal toxicity of flutamide: comparison of irradiated and nonirradiated cases.
Langenstroer, P; McLeod, DG; Porter, HJ; Thrasher, JB, 2004)		0.87
" Furthermore, independent analysis of treatment groups for each distinct side effect and dosing regimen did not identify significant differences."( Direct gastrointestinal toxicity of flutamide: comparison of irradiated and nonirradiated cases.
Langenstroer, P; McLeod, DG; Porter, HJ; Thrasher, JB, 2004)		0.6
" It is highly likely that critical, limiting steps in any given mechanistic pathway may become overwhelmed with increasing exposures, signaling the emergence of new modalities of toxic tissue injury at these higher doses."( Dose-dependent transitions in mechanisms of toxicity: case studies.
Andersen, ME; Bogdanffy, MS; Bus, JS; Cohen, SD; Conolly, RB; David, RM; Doerrer, NG; Dorman, DC; Gaylor, DW; Hattis, D; Rogers, JM; Setzer, RW; Slikker, W; Swenberg, JA; Wallace, K, 2004)		0.32
"Many adverse drug reactions are caused by the cytochrome P450 (CYP) dependent activation of drugs into reactive metabolites."( An in vitro approach to detect metabolite toxicity due to CYP3A4-dependent bioactivation of xenobiotics.
Grossi, P; Kanter, Rd; Monaci, S; Monshouwer, M; Turlizzi, E; Vignati, L, 2005)		0.33
" This analysis could increase the information related to these adverse reactions mainly available from the published isolated cases."( Spontaneous reporting of hepatotoxicity associated with antiandrogens: data from the Spanish pharmacovigilance system.
Hidalgo, A; Manso, G; Revuelta, P; Salgueiro, E; Thole, Z, 2006)		0.33
"Liver disorders were the most common adverse reactions associated with flutamide and bicalutamide, but not with cyproterone acetate."( Spontaneous reporting of hepatotoxicity associated with antiandrogens: data from the Spanish pharmacovigilance system.
Hidalgo, A; Manso, G; Revuelta, P; Salgueiro, E; Thole, Z, 2006)		0.57
"5 million adverse drug reaction (ADR) reports for 8620 drugs/biologics that are listed for 1191 Coding Symbols for Thesaurus of Adverse Reaction (COSTAR) terms of adverse effects."( Assessment of the health effects of chemicals in humans: II. Construction of an adverse effects database for QSAR modeling.
Benz, RD; Contrera, JF; Kruhlak, NL; Matthews, EJ; Weaver, JL, 2004)		0.32
" Simultaneous treatment with flutamide and acetaminophen (APAP) resulted in additive to synergistic toxic effects."( Transport, metabolism, and hepatotoxicity of flutamide, drug-drug interaction with acetaminophen involving phase I and phase II metabolites.
Ellis, E; Kostrubsky, SE; Mutlib, AE; Nelson, SD; Strom, SC, 2007)		0.89
"96% women presented one or more adverse effects during the follow-up; 33."( Long-term safety and tolerability of flutamide for the treatment of hirsutism.
Balasch, J; Castelo-Branco, C; Gómez, O; Moyano, D, 2009)		0.63
"Flutamide is very effective for hirsutism treatment; however, adverse effects are very frequent and associated with low long-term compliance."( Long-term safety and tolerability of flutamide for the treatment of hirsutism.
Balasch, J; Castelo-Branco, C; Gómez, O; Moyano, D, 2009)		2.07
"We conclude that flutamide in a dosage of 125 or 250 mg daily is a safe drug in the long-term treatment of hirsutism."( The risk of hepatotoxicity during long-term and low-dose flutamide treatment in hirsutism.
Akcali, C; Balat, O; Cicek, H; Dikensoy, E; Pence, S, 2009)		0.94
"An important step in the safety assessment of chemicals for humans is to determine the no observed adverse effect level (NOAEL) in toxicity studies conducted in animal models."( Standard and molecular NOAELs for rat testicular toxicity induced by flutamide.
Bars, R; Friry-Santini, C; Rouquié, D; Schorsch, F; Tinwell, H, 2009)		0.59
"The nonsteroidal antiandrogenic drug flutamide is a safe and generally well-tolerated drug used for the treatment of prostate cancer and female hyperandrogenism."( Hepatotoxicity during low-dose flutamide treatment for hirsutism.
Castelo-Branco, C; Del Pino, M, 2009)		0.91
" An understanding of structure-activity relationships (SARs) of chemicals can make a significant contribution to the identification of potential toxic effects early in the drug development process and aid in avoiding such problems."( Developing structure-activity relationships for the prediction of hepatotoxicity.
Fisk, L; Greene, N; Naven, RT; Note, RR; Patel, ML; Pelletier, DJ, 2010)		0.36
"The present study is the second in a series aiming at a systematic inventory of specific toxic effects of oils."( Specific in vitro toxicity of crude and refined petroleum products: II. Estrogen (alpha and beta) and androgen receptor-mediated responses in yeast assays.
Candido, A; Jonker, MT; van Duursen, MB; Vrabie, CM, 2010)		0.36
"The safety assessment of chemicals for humans relies on identifying no-observed adverse effect levels (NOAELs) in animal toxicity studies using standard methods."( A molecular and phenotypic integrative approach to identify a no-effect dose level for antiandrogen-induced testicular toxicity.
Bars, R; Cavaillé, C; Ludwig, S; Pallardy, M; Rouquié, D; Schorsch, F; Tinwell, H, 2011)		0.37
" The toxic metabolic signature associated with the active metabolite HF was illustrated by a high-energy demand and an increase in several amino acid metabolism."( Metabolomics-on-a-chip of hepatotoxicity induced by anticancer drug flutamide and Its active metabolite hydroxyflutamide using HepG2/C3a microfluidic biochips.
Brochot, C; Bunescu, A; Choucha Snouber, L; Dumas, ME; Elena-Herrmann, B; Leclerc, E; Legallais, C; Naudot, M, 2013)		0.63
"Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is common among women of childbearing age and the available pharmacological therapies have different side-effect profiles."( Adverse effects of the common treatments for polycystic ovary syndrome: a systematic review and meta-analysis.
Domecq, JP; Ehrmann, D; Erwin, PJ; Montori, VM; Mullan, RJ; Murad, MH; Prutsky, G; Sundaresh, V; Wang, AT; Welt, C, 2013)		0.39
"We included comparative observational studies enrolling women with PCOS who received the agents of choice for at least 6 months and reported adverse effects."( Adverse effects of the common treatments for polycystic ovary syndrome: a systematic review and meta-analysis.
Domecq, JP; Ehrmann, D; Erwin, PJ; Montori, VM; Mullan, RJ; Murad, MH; Prutsky, G; Sundaresh, V; Wang, AT; Welt, C, 2013)		0.39
"Drugs commonly used to treat PCOS appear to be associated with very low risk of severe adverse effects although data are extrapolated from other populations."( Adverse effects of the common treatments for polycystic ovary syndrome: a systematic review and meta-analysis.
Domecq, JP; Ehrmann, D; Erwin, PJ; Montori, VM; Mullan, RJ; Murad, MH; Prutsky, G; Sundaresh, V; Wang, AT; Welt, C, 2013)		0.39
" The secondary outcome measures include acne scores, prevalence of dysglycaemia, BMI, lipid profile, total testosterone level, and adverse events."( The effectiveness and safety of treatments used for polycystic ovarian syndrome management in adolescents: a systematic review and network meta-analysis protocol.
Al Khalifah, RA; Bassilious, E; Dennis, B; Flórez, ID; Neupane, B; Thabane, L, 2015)		0.42
"Many adverse drug reactions are caused by the cytochrome P450 (CYP)-dependent activation of drugs into reactive metabolites."( Development of a cell viability assay to assess drug metabolite structure-toxicity relationships.
Jones, LH; Nadanaciva, S; Rana, P; Will, Y, 2016)		0.43
" According to the literature, its assumption is associated with a higher incidence of adverse events in women than in male patients."( Flutamide-induced hepatotoxicity: ethical and scientific issues.
Borgia, L; di Muzio, M; Giorgetti, A; Giorgetti, R; Girolami, D; Tagliabracci, A, 2017)		1.9
" Strikingly, about a two-fold increase of the FLU-NAC conjugate was detected when treated with both FLU and XLGB, indicating an elevated amount of toxic metabolite produced from FLU in the present of XLGB."( Potentiation of flutamide-induced hepatotoxicity in mice by Xian-Ling-Gu-Bao through induction of CYP1A2.
Ding, Y; Li, Y; Lu, Y; Ma, H; Shi, F; Xu, Y; Yang, F, 2021)		0.97
"We gathered cases diagnosed with prostate cancer based on the United States Food and Drug Administration Adverse Event Reporting System (FAERS) database from 2004 to 2020."( Analysis of adverse event of interstitial lung disease in men with prostate cancer receiving hormone therapy using the Food and Drug Administration Adverse Event Reporting System.
Chen, C; Li, J; Shen, P; Wu, B; Wu, F; Xu, T; Yin, X; Yu, L, 2023)		0.91
"Patients with acne vulgaris may find topical Flutamide 1% gel to be a viable, efficient, and safe solution with few adverse effects."( Efficacy and Safety of Topical Flutamide 1% Gel as an Adjunctive Therapy in the Treatment of Patients With Acne Vulgaris.
Essam, R; Nassar, A; Samy, A; Sayed, AE, )		0.68

Pharmacokinetics

The aim of this study was to determine the pharmacokinetic parameters of flutamide, a nonsteroidal antiandrogenic compound, and its pharmacologically active metabolite, hydroxyflutamide. Analysis of 2-hydroxyFlutamide concentrations in plasma samples from 16 healthy volunteers provided the following pharmacokinetics data (mean+/-SD): Cmax, 776 +/- 400 ng/ml; AUC(0-infinity), 5,368 +/- 2,689 ng h/ml.

ExcerptReferenceRelevance
" By deconvolution analysis, elderly men had a significant decrease in FSH secretory burst duration, and an increase in FSH half-life and FSH secretory burst amplitude compared with younger men."( Modulation of immunoradiometric and bioactive follicle stimulating hormone secretion and clearance in young and elderly men during treatment with tamoxifen or flutamide.
Dahl, KD; Lippert, MC; Urban, RJ; Veldhuis, JD, )		0.33
" It was present in the plasma in small and variable concentrations, which precluded quantitative assessment of pharmacokinetic parameters for individual subjects."( Single and multiple dose pharmacokinetic evaluation of flutamide in normal geriatric volunteers.
Perentesis, G; Radwanski, E; Symchowicz, S; Zampaglione, N, 1989)		0.52
"The aim of this study was to determine the pharmacokinetic parameters of flutamide, a nonsteroidal antiandrogenic compound, and its pharmacologically active metabolite, hydroxyflutamide, in renal insufficiency."( Pharmacokinetics of flutamide in patients with renal insufficiency.
Affrime, MB; Anjum, S; Cutler, DL; Halstenson, CE; Lambrecht, LJ; Radwanski, E; Swan, SK, 1999)		0.86
"This article provides a summary of the pharmacodynamic properties of major antiandrogens as well as an extensive review of their tolerability."( Antiandrogens: a summary review of pharmacodynamic properties and tolerability in prostate cancer therapy.
De Angelis, M; De Benedetto, G; Migliari, R; Murru, M; Muscas, G; Verdacchi, T, 1999)		0.3
" The half-life of cortisol increased from 85."( Treatment with flutamide decreases cortisol clearance: implications for therapy in congenital adrenal hyperplasia.
Brook, CG; Charmandari, E; Hindmarsh, PC; Honour, JW; Johnston, A, 2002)		0.67
" Intravenous pharmacokinetic profiles for both FLT and FLT-2-OH were identical following either FLT-HPBetaCyD or FLT-COSOLV, indicating that the FLT-HPBetaCyD formulation behaved as a true solution."( Hydroxypropyl-beta-cyclodextrin-flutamide inclusion complex. II. Oral and intravenous pharmacokinetics of flutamide in the rat.
Diakur, J; Tam, YK; Wiebe, LI; Zuo, Z, )		0.41
" Pharmacokinetic study with compound 10 at an oral dose of 10."( Arylpiperazines for management of benign prostatic hyperplasia: design, synthesis, quantitative structure-activity relationships, and pharmacokinetic studies.
Dalela, D; Gupta, G; Jain, A; Kumar, L; Kumar, R; Lal, J; Lal, N; Maikhuri, JP; Pandey, SK; Prabhakar, YS; Sarswat, A; Sharma, S; Sharma, VL; Verma, V, 2011)		0.37
" We coupled an in vitro pharmacokinetic (PK) model of flutamide to a system biology model of its reactive oxygen species (ROS) production and scavenging by the Nrf2 regulated glutathione production."( Integration of pharmacokinetic and NRF2 system biology models to describe reactive oxygen species production and subsequent glutathione depletion in liver microfluidic biochips after flutamide exposure.
Bois, FY; Hamon, J; Leclerc, E; Legendre, A, 2014)		0.84
" In this work we have developed a physiologically based pharmacokinetic (PBPK) model of flutamide that could serve as a standard tool for its human risk assessment."( Development and evaluation of a harmonized whole body physiologically based pharmacokinetic (PBPK) model for flutamide in rats and its extrapolation to humans.
Kolodkin, A; Kumar, V; Schuhmacher, M; Sharma, RP; Westerhoff, HV, 2020)		0.99

Compound-Compound Interactions

A randomized, multicenter trial compared the antiandrogen bicalutamide and flutamide, each combined with luteinizing hormone-releasing hormone analogue therapy (LHRH-A) in 813 patients with Stage D2 prostate carcinoma. The data also suggest a possible drug-drug interact.

ExcerptReferenceRelevance
" In order to investigate the optimal way to eliminate tumor flare, we have treated patients with one of three different antiandrogen regimens used in combination with gonadotrophin-releasing hormone (GnRH) agonist."( The clinical and endocrine assessment of three different antiandrogen regimens combined with a very long-acting gonadotrophin-releasing hormone analogue.
Abel, P; Cox, J; Farah, N; Fleming, J; Hewitt, G; O'Donoghue, EP; Sandow, J; Sikora, K; Waxman, J; Williams, G, 1988)		0.27
"Ten men with advanced breast cancer were evaluated for response to treatment with the luteinizing hormone-releasing hormone (LH-RH) analogue, buserelin, alone or in combination with the antiandrogen, flutamide."( Advanced male breast cancer treatment with the LH-RH analogue buserelin alone or in combination with the antiandrogen flutamide.
Doberauer, C; Niederle, N; Schmidt, CG, 1988)		0.67
"Flutamide withdrawal, when combined with the simultaneous administration of aminoglutethimide, is a therapeutically active approach in patients with "hormone-refractory" prostate cancer."( Surprising activity of flutamide withdrawal, when combined with aminoglutethimide, in treatment of "hormone-refractory" prostate cancer.
Cooper, M; Figg, WD; Headlee, D; Linehan, WM; Myers, CE; Sartor, O; Steinberg, S; Thibault, A; Tompkins, A; Weinberger, M, 1994)		2.04
"To compare the efficacy and safety of bicalutamide and flutamide, each used in combination with luteinizing hormone-releasing analogue (LHRH-A) therapy, in patients with untreated metastatic (Stage D2) prostate cancer."( A controlled trial of bicalutamide versus flutamide, each in combination with luteinizing hormone-releasing hormone analogue therapy, in patients with advanced prostate cancer. Casodex Combination Study Group.
Block, N; Jones, J; Kolvenbag, G; Patterson, AL; Sarosdy, M; Schellhammer, P; Sharifi, R; Soloway, M; Venner, P; Vogelzang, N, 1995)		0.8
" This study was undertaken to compare safety and efficacy of a low dose of flutamide (125 mg twice daily) alone and in combination with a triphasic oral contraceptive (OC) in women with idiopathic hirsutism."( Clinical efficacy and safety of low-dose flutamide alone and combined with an oral contraceptive for the treatment of idiopathic hirsutism.
Cédrin, I; Dodin, S; Faure, N; Guy, J; Lemay, A; Méchain, C; Turcot-Lemay, L, 1995)		0.79
" Nevertheless, at 6 months post-treatment this decrease was still significant only in the group who took flutamide in combination with an oral contraceptive."( Clinical efficacy and safety of low-dose flutamide alone and combined with an oral contraceptive for the treatment of idiopathic hirsutism.
Cédrin, I; Dodin, S; Faure, N; Guy, J; Lemay, A; Méchain, C; Turcot-Lemay, L, 1995)		0.77
"To review the outcome of therapy with maximal androgen blockade and compare the efficacy and safety of bicalutamide and flutamide, each used in combination with luteinizing hormone-releasing hormone analogue (LHRH-A) therapy, in patients with untreated metastatic (Stage D2) prostate cancer."( Maximal androgen blockade for patients with metastatic prostate cancer: outcome of a controlled trial of bicalutamide versus flutamide, each in combination with luteinizing hormone-releasing hormone analogue therapy. Casodex Combination Study Group.
Block, N; Jones, J; Kolvenbag, G; Patterson, AL; Sarosdy, M; Schellhammer, P; Sharifi, R; Soloway, M; Venner, P; Vogelzang, N, 1996)		0.71
" Because of its efficacy and tolerability profile, together with its convenient once-daily dosing formulation, bicalutamide represents a prime candidate for antiandrogen of first choice in combination with LHRH-A therapy in the treatment of men with metastatic prostate cancer."( Maximal androgen blockade for patients with metastatic prostate cancer: outcome of a controlled trial of bicalutamide versus flutamide, each in combination with luteinizing hormone-releasing hormone analogue therapy. Casodex Combination Study Group.
Block, N; Jones, J; Kolvenbag, G; Patterson, AL; Sarosdy, M; Schellhammer, P; Sharifi, R; Soloway, M; Venner, P; Vogelzang, N, 1996)		0.5
" We have conducted a randomized prospective clinical trial, investigating the efficacy and toxicity of MAB (orchiectomy followed by flutamide therapy) alone as compared to MAB combined with methotrexate (MTX, 50 mg/m2/week) in 53 patients with newly diagnosed stage IV(M1) prostatic cancer (UICC TNM Classification 1987)."( Maximal androgen blockade in combination with methotrexate for treatment of metastatic prostate cancer.
Donner, G; Flamm, J; Fritz, E; Ludwig, H; Micksche, M; Sagaster, P, 1996)		0.5
"A randomized, multicenter trial, double-blind for antiandrogen therapy, compared the antiandrogens bicalutamide and flutamide, each combined with luteinizing hormone-releasing hormone analogue therapy (LHRH-A) in 813 patients with Stage D2 prostate carcinoma."( A controlled trial of bicalutamide versus flutamide, each in combination with luteinizing hormone-releasing hormone analogue therapy, in patients with advanced prostate carcinoma. Analysis of time to progression. CASODEX Combination Study Group.
Block, NL; Chen, Y; Kolvenbag, GJ; Patterson, AL; Sarosdy, MF; Schellhammer, PF; Sharifi, R; Soloway, MS; Venner, PM; Vogelzang, NJ, 1996)		0.77
"25 g on a three-times daily basis in combination with low doses of sinestrol, 5 mg intramuscularly within 24 h, on tumor growth, blood plasma content of luteinizing hormone (LH), testosterone (T) and testosterone-estradiol-binding globulin (TEBG) in 46 patients with prostate gland carcinoma, including seven patients with metastases."( [The correlation of the hormonal and clinical effects in patients with prostatic cancer undergoing niftolid treatment in combination with low doses of synestrol].
Arystova, TIu; Chaĭkovs'ka, LV; Klymenko, IO; Rieznikov, OH; Synitsyn, PV; Varga, SV; Vozianov, OF; Vozianov, SO, )		0.13
"To compare disease progression and survival of patients with stage D1 adenocarcinoma after treatment with either early androgen ablation alone or combined with radical prostatectomy."( Early endocrine therapy versus radical prostatectomy combined with early endocrine therapy for stage D1 prostate cancer.
Lubos, W; Schmeller, N, 1997)		0.3
"These results suggest that in patients with stage D1 prostate cancer, radical prostatectomy combined with adjuvant endocrine therapy offers no advantage over endocrine therapy alone, neither for curative nor palliative intent."( Early endocrine therapy versus radical prostatectomy combined with early endocrine therapy for stage D1 prostate cancer.
Lubos, W; Schmeller, N, 1997)		0.3
"To assess the pathological staging and biochemical progression-free survival (assessed using serum prostate-specific antigen level) of patients with clinically localized prostate cancer using neoadjuvant androgen deprivation therapy (ADT) in combination with radical retropubic prostatectomy (RRP)."( Pathological staging and biochemical recurrence after neoadjuvant androgen deprivation therapy in combination with radical prostatectomy in clinically localized prostate cancer: results of a phase II study.
Begg, CB; Cookson, MS; Dalbagni, G; Fair, WR; Herr, H; Reuter, VE; Russo, P; Sheinfeld, J; Sogani, PC, 1997)		0.3
" These data indicate a role for 5 alpha-reductase inhibitors in the therapy of prostate cancer, in combination with antiandrogens, in order to achieve adequate androgen blockade with minimal side effects."( Effect of the 5 alpha-reductase inhibitor PNU 156765, alone or in combination with flutamide, in the Dunning R3327 prostatic carcinoma model in rats.
di Salle, E; Giudici, D; Panzeri, A; Zaccheo, T, )		0.36
"To compare triptorelin, cyproterone acetate (CPA), and flutamide, in combination with an oral contraceptive, in the treatment of hirsutism."( Prospective randomized study comparing the long-acting gonadotropin-releasing hormone agonist triptorelin, flutamide, and cyproterone acetate, used in combination with an oral contraceptive, in the treatment of hirsutism.
Balsa, J; Escobar-Morreale, HF; Pazos, F; Sancho, JM; Varela, C, 1999)		0.76
"To evaluate the efficacy of chemoendocrine therapy for the initial treatment of stage D2 prostate cancer, we conducted a prospective randomized study which compared combined androgen blockade alone to that combined with UFT."( [Primary treatment for stage D2 prostate cancer: a randomized study of combined androgen blockade alone versus combined with UFT].
Akazawa, S; Aki, M; Hashine, K; Kuwahara, M; Sumiyoshi, Y; Takenaka, A; Yamamoto, A, 1999)		0.3
"Tibolone was combined with the antiandrogen flutamide to determine whether the inhibition of tumour growth in the prophylactic 7,12-dimethylbenz(a)anthracene (DMBA) rat model could be attributed to androgenic properties of one of its metabolites."( Tibolone and 5alpha-dihydrotestosterone alone or in combination with an antiandrogen in a rat breast tumour model.
Cremers, EA; de Gooyer, ME; Deckers, GH; Kloosterboer, HJ; van Aalst, GB; Verheul, HA, 2002)		0.58
"1 micro g) in combination with a treatment to suppress either androgen production [GnRH antagonist (GnRHa)] or androgen action (flutamide); other rats were treated with GnRHa or flutamide alone."( Induction of reproductive tract developmental abnormalities in the male rat by lowering androgen production or action in combination with a low dose of diethylstilbestrol: evidence for importance of the androgen-estrogen balance.
Atanassova, N; Fisher, JS; McKinnell, C; Rivas, A; Sharpe, RM, 2002)		0.52
" This technique has been used most commonly to treat prostate cancers in combination with hormonal therapy."( Rotational 3D-conformal radiation therapy (conformation therapy) combined with hormone therapy for the treatment of stage B2/C prostate cancer in Japanese men.
Igaki, H; Kaizu, T; Karasawa, K; Matsuda, T; Niibe, Y; Shinohara, M; Tanaka, Y, 2003)		0.32
"Rotational 3D-conformal radiation therapy combined with hormone therapy might be promising for the treatment of prostate cancer."( Rotational 3D-conformal radiation therapy (conformation therapy) combined with hormone therapy for the treatment of stage B2/C prostate cancer in Japanese men.
Igaki, H; Kaizu, T; Karasawa, K; Matsuda, T; Niibe, Y; Shinohara, M; Tanaka, Y, 2003)		0.32
" We investigated the effects of the proteasome inhibitors MG115 and PSI alone or in combination with different concentrations of the antiandrogen hydroxyflutamide on the cellular proliferation, apoptosis and viability of 10 prostatic adenocarcinoma cell cultures."( Proteasome inhibitors and their combination with antiandrogens: effects on apoptosis, cellular proliferation and viability of prostatic adenocarcinoma cell cultures.
Stöckle, M; Tahmatzopoulos, A; Unteregger, G; Wullich, B; Zwergel, T; Zwergel, U, 2004)		0.52
"To assess the effectiveness of flutamide in the treatment of hirsutism, used as monotherapy or combined with oral contraceptives (OC)."( [Effectiveness of flutamide alone or combined with oral contraceptives in the treatment of hirsutism in women].
Aravena, L; Devoto, E, 2004)		0.94
"To evaluate the clinical efficacy of high intensity focused ultrasound (HIFU) combined with endocrine therapy in the treatment of patients with prostate cancer."( [High intensity focused ultrasound combined with endocrine therapy in treating prostate cancer].
Hua, LX; Qian, LX; Song, NH; Sui, YG; Wu, HF; Zhang, JX; Zhang, W, 2005)		0.33
"We herein report the clinical outcome of radical radiation therapy combined with neoadjuvant hormonal therapy (NHT) for stage III (International Union Against Cancer [UICC] 1997: UICC 97) prostate cancer."( Results of radiation therapy combined with neoadjuvant hormonal therapy for stage III prostate cancer: comparison of two different definitions of PSA failure.
Hiraoka, M; Kamoto, T; Kinoshita, H; Mitsumori, M; Mizowaki, T; Nagata, Y; Negoro, Y; Ogawa, O; Sasai, K; Sasaki, Y; Takayama, K, 2006)		0.33
" All patients received 3 months of NHT with a luteinizing hormone-releasing hormone (LH-RH) analogue, in combination with an antiandrogen (flutamide), given during the first 2 weeks, followed by 70-Gy external-beam radiation therapy (EBRT) in 35 fractions."( Results of radiation therapy combined with neoadjuvant hormonal therapy for stage III prostate cancer: comparison of two different definitions of PSA failure.
Hiraoka, M; Kamoto, T; Kinoshita, H; Mitsumori, M; Mizowaki, T; Nagata, Y; Negoro, Y; Ogawa, O; Sasai, K; Sasaki, Y; Takayama, K, 2006)		0.54
"Our objective was to test the efficacy and tolerability of three doses of flutamide (125, 250, and 375 mg) combined with a triphasic oral contraceptive (ethynylestradiol/levonorgestrel) during 12 months to treat moderate to severe hirsutism in patients with polycystic ovary syndrome or idiopathic hirsutism."( Long-term efficacy and tolerability of flutamide combined with oral contraception in moderate to severe hirsutism: a 12-month, double-blind, parallel clinical trial.
Alcañiz, J; Calaf, J; Callejo, J; Escobar-Jiménez, F; Espinós, JJ; Fortuny, A; López, E; Millet, A; Torres, E; Vidal, O, 2007)		0.84
" The data also suggest a possible drug-drug interaction between flutamide and APAP, resulting in inhibition of flutamide metabolism and increased APAP bioactivation and toxicity."( Transport, metabolism, and hepatotoxicity of flutamide, drug-drug interaction with acetaminophen involving phase I and phase II metabolites.
Ellis, E; Kostrubsky, SE; Mutlib, AE; Nelson, SD; Strom, SC, 2007)		0.84
"To evaluate the severity of genitourinary (GU) toxicity in high-dose-rate (HDR) brachytherapy combined with hypofractionated external beam radiotherapy (EBRT) for prostate cancer and to explore factors that might affect the severity of GU toxicity."( Genitourinary toxicity after high-dose-rate (HDR) brachytherapy combined with Hypofractionated External beam radiotherapy for localized prostate cancer: an analysis to determine the correlation between dose-volume histogram parameters in HDR brachytherapy
Baba, S; Hayakawa, K; Ishiyama, H; Kitano, M; Kotani, S; Matsumoto, K; Okusa, H; Satoh, T; Tabata, K; Uemae, M, 2009)		0.35
"A total of 100 Japanese men with prostate cancer underwent (192)Ir HDR brachytherapy combined with hypofractionated EBRT."( Genitourinary toxicity after high-dose-rate (HDR) brachytherapy combined with Hypofractionated External beam radiotherapy for localized prostate cancer: an analysis to determine the correlation between dose-volume histogram parameters in HDR brachytherapy
Baba, S; Hayakawa, K; Ishiyama, H; Kitano, M; Kotani, S; Matsumoto, K; Okusa, H; Satoh, T; Tabata, K; Uemae, M, 2009)		0.35
"The severity of GU toxicity in HDR brachytherapy combined with hypofractionated EBRT for prostate cancer was relatively high."( Genitourinary toxicity after high-dose-rate (HDR) brachytherapy combined with Hypofractionated External beam radiotherapy for localized prostate cancer: an analysis to determine the correlation between dose-volume histogram parameters in HDR brachytherapy
Baba, S; Hayakawa, K; Ishiyama, H; Kitano, M; Kotani, S; Matsumoto, K; Okusa, H; Satoh, T; Tabata, K; Uemae, M, 2009)		0.35
"To study whether use of neoadjuvant androgen deprivation therapy (N-ADT) combined with whole pelvic radiotherapy (WPRT) for high-risk prostate cancer patients was associated with survival benefit over prostate radiotherapy (PORT) only."( Benefit of whole pelvic radiotherapy combined with neoadjuvant androgen deprivation for the high-risk prostate cancer.
Antczak, A; Baczyk, M; Kwias, Z; Martenka, P; Milecki, P; Skowronek, J, 2009)		0.35
"Between 1999 and 2004, 162 high-risk prostate cancer patients were treated with radiotherapy combined with long-term androgen deprivation therapy (L-ADT)."( Benefit of whole pelvic radiotherapy combined with neoadjuvant androgen deprivation for the high-risk prostate cancer.
Antczak, A; Baczyk, M; Kwias, Z; Martenka, P; Milecki, P; Skowronek, J, 2009)		0.35
"The WPRT combined with N-ADT compared to PORT for high-risk patients resulted in improvement in CSS and bPFS; however no OS benefit was observed."( Benefit of whole pelvic radiotherapy combined with neoadjuvant androgen deprivation for the high-risk prostate cancer.
Antczak, A; Baczyk, M; Kwias, Z; Martenka, P; Milecki, P; Skowronek, J, 2009)		0.35
"Post-treatment prostate biopsy side-effects were evaluated in patients with locally advanced prostate cancer on endocrine therapy alone or combined with radiotherapy in the Scandinavian Prostate Cancer Group-7 randomized trial."( Side-effects of post-treatment biopsies in prostate cancer patients treated with endocrine therapy alone or combined with radical radiotherapy in the Scandinavian Prostate Cancer Group-7 randomized trial.
Ahlgren, G; Angelsen, A; Solberg, A; Tasdemir, I; Widmark, A, 2011)		0.37
" Using 3 different hydrophilic carriers, immediate release FLT dispersions were prepared via lyophilization of monophase solution technique then combined with prolonged release chitosan microparticles to develop 6 controlled release formulae of FLT."( Biopolymeric microparticles combined with lyophilized monophase dispersions for controlled flutamide release.
Elgindy, N; Elkhodairy, K; Elzoghby, A; Molokhia, A, 2011)		0.59
"The hepatic organic anion transporting polypeptides (OATPs) influence the pharmacokinetics of several drug classes and are involved in many clinical drug-drug interactions."( Classification of inhibitors of hepatic organic anion transporting polypeptides (OATPs): influence of protein expression on drug-drug interactions.
Artursson, P; Haglund, U; Karlgren, M; Kimoto, E; Lai, Y; Norinder, U; Vildhede, A; Wisniewski, JR, 2012)		0.38
" The use of HIFU in combination with androgen deprivation was associated with a decrease in numerical density of microvessels in zones of tumor and non-tumor parenchyma in patients with relapses."( Status of the Microcirculatory Network as a Factor of Prognosis and Evaluation of Therapeutic Efficiency in Prostate Cancer Treated by High-Intensity Focused Ultrasound in Combination with Androgen Deprivation.
Abdullaev, NA; Bakarev, MA; Kachesov, IV; Levin, VP; Neimark, AI, 2018)		0.48
"To investigate the application value of The American College of Radiology (ACR) Thyroid Imaging Reporting and Data System (TI-RADS) category combined with other ultrasound features of nodules in distinguishing follicular thyroid carcinoma (FTC) from thyroid follicular adenoma (FTA)."( ACR TI-RADS classification combined with number of nodules, halo features optimizes diagnosis and prediction of follicular thyroid cancer.
Hao, SY; Luo, BM; Qiu, Y; Ruan, JL; Tan, L; Wu, SJ; Yang, HY, 2022)		0.72
" Next, we used ACR TI-RADS classification combined with other ultrasound features of nodules to distinguish FTC from FTA."( ACR TI-RADS classification combined with number of nodules, halo features optimizes diagnosis and prediction of follicular thyroid cancer.
Hao, SY; Luo, BM; Qiu, Y; Ruan, JL; Tan, L; Wu, SJ; Yang, HY, 2022)		0.72
" ACR TI-RADS category combined with number of nodules, halo features of the nodule was a significantly better prediction model for FTC diagnosis (AUC = 0."( ACR TI-RADS classification combined with number of nodules, halo features optimizes diagnosis and prediction of follicular thyroid cancer.
Hao, SY; Luo, BM; Qiu, Y; Ruan, JL; Tan, L; Wu, SJ; Yang, HY, 2022)		0.72
" Notably, ACR TI-RADS combined with other nodule ultrasound features has superior predictive performance in diagnosis of FTC compared to ACR TI-RADS classification alone, thus can provide an important reference value for preoperative diagnosis of FTC."( ACR TI-RADS classification combined with number of nodules, halo features optimizes diagnosis and prediction of follicular thyroid cancer.
Hao, SY; Luo, BM; Qiu, Y; Ruan, JL; Tan, L; Wu, SJ; Yang, HY, 2022)		0.72

Bioavailability

Great improvement in flutamide oral bioavailability in polymersomes compared with both liposomes and drug suspension was obtained. Flutamide is well absorbed orally and extensively metabolized. Its active metabolite, 2-hydroxyflutamide, is formed rapidly and excreted almost entirely by the kidneys.

ExcerptReferenceRelevance
"A bioavailability study of randomized cross-over design was carried out in eight volunteers who were given a 48-h flutamide treatment consisting of 250-mg tablets three times daily or 400-mg sustained-release tablets twice daily, followed 3 weeks later by the alternative dosage form."( Steady-state hydroxyflutamide plasma levels after the administration of two dosage forms of flutamide.
Asade, RH; Muiño, JP; Prizont, L; Tessler, J, 1991)		0.82
" Flutamide is well absorbed orally and extensively metabolized; its active metabolite, 2-hydroxyflutamide, is formed rapidly and excreted almost entirely by the kidneys."( Flutamide: an antiandrogen for advanced prostate cancer.
Goldspiel, BR; Kohler, DR, 1990)		2.63
" Taking the bioavailability obtained by the subcutaneous route as 100%, it is estimated that the potencies of DHEA by the percutaneous and oral routes are approximately 33 and 3% respectively."( High bioavailability of dehydroepiandrosterone administered percutaneously in the rat.
Bélanger, A; Flamand, M; Labrie, C; Labrie, F, 1996)		0.29
" The dissolution method was shown discriminatory and predictive regarding bioavailability of conventional 250 mg flutamide tablets with different in vitro dissolution rates."( Dissolution rate limited bioavailability of flutamide, and in vitro - in vivo correlation.
Katila, K; Kostiainen, T; Posti, J, 2000)		0.78
" FLT-HPBetaCyD improved oral bioavailability relative to FLT-SUSP."( Hydroxypropyl-beta-cyclodextrin-flutamide inclusion complex. II. Oral and intravenous pharmacokinetics of flutamide in the rat.
Diakur, J; Tam, YK; Wiebe, LI; Zuo, Z, )		0.41
"This investigation explores the use of methoxy polyethylene glycol (mPEG) functionalised poly(D,L-lactide-co-glycolide) (PLGA) nanocrystals of flutamide (FLT) with enhanced solubility, bioavailability and blood circulation time for targeting prostate cancer."( Preparation and in vitro-in vivo evaluation of surface-modified poly(lactide-co-glycolide) nanoparticles as controlled release carriers for flutamide delivery.
Dipsingh, SN; Ige, PP, 2015)		0.82
"In the present work the absorption of flutamide from suppositories containing hydrophilic tamarind alginate microparticles after rectal administration in rats was investigated with the purpose of enhancing bioavailability and to avoid hepatic toxicity."( Development of Suppositories Containing Flutamide-Loaded Alginate-Tamarind Microparticles for Rectal Administration: In Vitro and in Vivo Studies.
Mahajan, HS; Patil, BS; Surana, SJ, 2015)		0.96
" In this study, the pharmacokinetics and bioavailability of flutamide and its main active metabolite, 2-hydroflutamide, were determined in seven healthy mature stallions."( Pharmacokinetics of the anti-androgenic drug flutamide in healthy stallions.
Buzon-Cuevas, A; Mendoza, FJ; Perez-Ecija, A; Serrano-Rodriguez, JM, 2017)		0.96
" Great improvement in flutamide oral bioavailability in polymersomes compared with both liposomes and drug suspension was obtained."( Elaboration of polymersomes versus conventional liposomes for improving oral bioavailability of the anticancer flutamide.
Abdallah, OY; Elnaggar, YS; Youssef, SF, 2018)		1.01
"The ATP-binding cassette transporter P-glycoprotein (P-gp) is known to limit both brain penetration and oral bioavailability of many chemotherapy drugs."( A High-Throughput Screen of a Library of Therapeutics Identifies Cytotoxic Substrates of P-glycoprotein.
Ambudkar, SV; Brimacombe, KR; Chen, L; Gottesman, MM; Guha, R; Hall, MD; Klumpp-Thomas, C; Lee, OW; Lee, TD; Lusvarghi, S; Robey, RW; Shen, M; Tebase, BG, 2019)		0.51

Dosage Studied

Flutamide was administered in a dosage of 250mg 3 times daily. Bicalutamide is available in a convenient one tablet, once-a-day dosing regimen. Dosing adjustments for renal impairment or HD are not indicated for flutamide.

ExcerptRelevanceReference
" Males exposed prenatally to either the 1- or 5-mg dosage of flutamide exhibited significantly higher lordosis quotients than controls when given EB alone."( Androgenic influences on feminine sexual behavior in male and female rats: defeminization blocked by prenatal antiandrogen treatment.
Clemens, LG; Gladue, BA, 1978)		0.5
" The dosage of the drug was 750 mg."( Prostatic cancer and SCH-13521: II. Histological alterations and the pituitary gonadal axis.
Daly, JJ; Griffin, PP; Irwin, RJ; Kliman, B; MacLaughlin, RA; Prout, GR, 1975)		0.25
"5% of plasma radioactivity 1 h after dosing is associated with flutamide."( Disposition of a new, nonsteroid, antiandrogen, alpha,alpha,alpha-trifluoro-2-methyl-4'-nitro-m-propionotoluidide (Flutamide), in men following a single oral 200 mg dose.
Buxbaum, S; Katchen, B, 1975)		0.7
" To determine the specificity of the HF effect, we measured the DHT/HF index in a single prostate at different concentrations of HF in the presence of fixed concentrations of DHT (2 x 10(-8) M) and noted a dose-response relationship."( Measurement of androgen sensitivity in the human prostate in in vitro three-dimensional histoculture.
Connors, K; Geller, J; Hoffman, RM; Sionit, LR, 1992)		0.28
" Dose-response studies were performed on male rats treated in utero during the period of sexual differentiation with either the potent 5 alpha-reductase inhibitor finasteride or the antiandrogen flutamide."( Comparison of the effects of the 5 alpha-reductase inhibitor finasteride and the antiandrogen flutamide on prostate and genital differentiation: dose-response studies.
Imperato-McGinley, J; Sanchez, RS; Spencer, JR; Vaughan, ED; Yee, B, 1992)		0.69
" The daily dosage of terazosin was titrated to 5 mg over a 2-week interval."( The relative efficacy of terazosin versus terazosin and flutamide for the treatment of symptomatic BPH.
Lepor, H; Machi, G, 1992)		0.53
"A bioavailability study of randomized cross-over design was carried out in eight volunteers who were given a 48-h flutamide treatment consisting of 250-mg tablets three times daily or 400-mg sustained-release tablets twice daily, followed 3 weeks later by the alternative dosage form."( Steady-state hydroxyflutamide plasma levels after the administration of two dosage forms of flutamide.
Asade, RH; Muiño, JP; Prizont, L; Tessler, J, 1991)		0.82
" In the last experiment, at equivalent total daily dosages of either 150 or 300 mg/kg/day Win 49,596, twice a day (BID) dosing was more effective than once a day (SID) dosing in inhibiting tumor growth."( Evaluation of Win 49,596, a novel steroidal androgen receptor antagonist, in animal models of prostate cancer.
Fetrow, N; Isaacs, JT; Juniewicz, PE; Lamb, J; Marinelli, J; Wolf, M; Young, E, 1991)		0.28
" Addition of human chorionic gonadotrophin (hCG), as a source of LH activity, to a subthreshold (1 U/day) FSH infusion rate resulted in 20% of rats ovulating at an hCG dosage of 50 mIU/day; increasing the hCG infusion to 200 mIU/day concomitant with the subthreshold FSH infusion rate increased ovulation rate to a mean of 69 +/- 8/rat, with 100% of rats ovulating."( Bimodal effects of luteinizing hormone and role of androgens in modifying superovulatory responses of rats to infusion with purified porcine follicle-stimulating hormone.
Armstrong, DT; Chandrasekhar, Y; Opavsky, MA; Siuda, A, 1989)		0.28
" From this study, it has been demonstrated that the pharmacokinetics of F and HF do not change appreciably upon multiple dosing of 250 mg F capsule given three times a day."( Single and multiple dose pharmacokinetic evaluation of flutamide in normal geriatric volunteers.
Perentesis, G; Radwanski, E; Symchowicz, S; Zampaglione, N, 1989)		0.52
" The dose-response of DHT was biphasic in the presence and absence of FSH, such that progesterone production in the presence of 8 micrograms/ml DHT was similar to basal progesterone production."( Comparative effects of androgens and catecholestrogens on progesterone production by porcine granulosa cells.
Hammond, JM; Spicer, LJ, 1988)		0.27
" However, they were no less receptive than control females in response to a high (15 micrograms/kg) dosage of EB."( Effect of prenatal exposure to aromatase inhibitor, testosterone, or antiandrogen on the development of feminine sexual behavior in ferrets of both sexes.
Baum, MJ; Tobet, SA, 1986)		0.27
" Flutamide, at a dosage (20 mg/kg) that abolished the effects of dihydrotestosterone on the weights of these tissues, produced no alternation of the effects of estradiol."( Influence of estradiol on accessory reproductive organs in the castrated male rat. Effects of bromocriptine and flutamide.
Adlestein, LB; Belis, JA; Tarry, WF, )		1.25
"This phase I study was designed with the following objectives: (1) to describe the overall and dose-limiting toxicity (DLT) of suramin administered by intermittent short intravenous infusions until DLT or disease progression; (2) to determine the ability of an adaptive control with feedback (ACF) dosing strategy to maintain suramin plasma concentrations within a preselected range; (3) to develop a population model of suramin pharmacokinetics; and (4) to identify preliminary evidence of antitumor activity."( Phase I and clinical evaluation of a pharmacologically guided regimen of suramin in patients with hormone-refractory prostate cancer.
Eisenberger, MA; Hemady, RK; Jacobs, SC; Jodrell, DI; Lowitt, MH; Reyno, LM; Sinibaldi, VJ; Sridhara, R; Tkaczuk, KH; Zuhowski, EG, 1995)		0.29
") monotherapy at a daily dose of 100 mg, which is the most commonly used dosage in Japan for patients with prostatic cancer."( A randomized phase II trial of flutamide vs chlormadinone acetate in previously untreated advanced prostatic cancer. The Japan Flutamide Study Group.
Akaza, H; Aso, Y; Koiso, K; Kotake, T; Usami, M, 1993)		0.57
"To evaluate the clinical and hormonal response of the antiandrogen flutamide (Eulexin, Schering Plough, Milan, SA, Italy) associated with a low dosage oral contraceptive (OC) in a group of hirsute women who were unresponsive to OC treatment."( Treatment of hirsutism with flutamide and a low-dosage oral contraceptive in polycystic ovarian disease patients.
Aglianò, A; Cianci, A; Ciotta, L; Marletta, E; Palumbo, G; Pisana, L, 1994)		0.82
"After 8 months treatment with flutamide and low dosage OC, the Ferriman-Gallwey score improved in all patients, mean values decreasing from 25."( Treatment of hirsutism with flutamide and a low-dosage oral contraceptive in polycystic ovarian disease patients.
Aglianò, A; Cianci, A; Ciotta, L; Marletta, E; Palumbo, G; Pisana, L, 1994)		0.87
"Flutamide, associated with low dosage OC, favorably influence the hirsutism in PCOD women who are unresponsive to OC treatment alone."( Treatment of hirsutism with flutamide and a low-dosage oral contraceptive in polycystic ovarian disease patients.
Aglianò, A; Cianci, A; Ciotta, L; Marletta, E; Palumbo, G; Pisana, L, 1994)		2.03
" However, in the daily dosing schedule of 375, 750, 1125 and 1,500 mg/day doses, where medication was taken in three divided doses, discomfort in the stomach, nausea, vomiting and anorexia were experienced in one of the four patients receiving the highest dose of 1,500 mg."( [Phase I study of flutamide, a nonsteroidal antiandrogen, in patients with prostatic cancer].
Akaza, H; Aso, Y; Fuse, H; Hosaka, M; Kawai, T; Koiso, K; Kumamoto, Y; Origasa, S; Shimazaki, J; Yamanaka, H, 1993)		0.62
" The use of the lowest efficacious dosage could reduce costs."( Clinical efficacy and safety of low-dose flutamide alone and combined with an oral contraceptive for the treatment of idiopathic hirsutism.
Cédrin, I; Dodin, S; Faure, N; Guy, J; Lemay, A; Méchain, C; Turcot-Lemay, L, 1995)		0.56
" Because of its efficacy and tolerability profile, together with its convenient once-daily dosing formulation, bicalutamide represents a prime candidate for antiandrogen of first choice in combination with LHRH-A therapy in the treatment of men with metastatic prostate cancer."( Maximal androgen blockade for patients with metastatic prostate cancer: outcome of a controlled trial of bicalutamide versus flutamide, each in combination with luteinizing hormone-releasing hormone analogue therapy. Casodex Combination Study Group.
Block, N; Jones, J; Kolvenbag, G; Patterson, AL; Sarosdy, M; Schellhammer, P; Sharifi, R; Soloway, M; Venner, P; Vogelzang, N, 1996)		0.5
" Suramin was given as intermittent infusions at fixed doses on days 1-5 and thereafter dosing was guided by adaptive control with feedback to maintain plasma suramin concentrations between 300-175 micrograms/ml."( Antitumor activity of suramin in hormone-refractory prostate cancer controlling for hydrocortisone treatment and flutamide withdrawal as potentially confounding variables.
Bergan, RC; Cooper, MR; Dawson, NA; Figg, WD; Headlee, DJ; Myers, CE; Sartor, O; Sausville, EA; Steinberg, SM; Thibault, A, 1995)		0.5
"The objective of this study was to evaluate efficacy, safety, and dose-response profiles of four dosing schemes of flutamide over 24 weeks."( A dose-response study of the effect of flutamide on benign prostatic hyperplasia: results of a multicenter study.
Costello, AJ; Das, S; Debruyne, FM; Jimenez-Cruz, JF; Klimberg, I; Lepor, H; Narayan, P; Schellhammer, PF; Shearer, R; Stone, N; Tewari, A; Trachtenberg, J, 1996)		0.77
" In dose-response experiments measuring the expression of AR mRNA, testosterone (T) (10(-12) M) induced a 1-fold increase of AR mRNA compared with unexposed cells, and this effect reached its zenith (6."( Autoinduction of androgen receptor mRNA in primary cultures of hamster (Mesocricetus auratus) harderian gland cells.
Varriale, B, 1996)		0.29
"Patients with stage D2 and poor-prognosis stage D1 prostate cancer were given suramin on a pharmacokinetically derived dosing schedule to maintain suramin concentrations between 175 and 300 micrograms/mL."( Phase II trial of suramin, leuprolide, and flutamide in previously untreated metastatic prostate cancer.
Bergan, RC; Cooper, MR; Dawson, NA; Figg, WD; Myers, CE; Reed, E; Sartor, O; Sausville, EA; Senderowicz, AM; Steinberg, SM; Tompkins, A; Weinberger, B, 1997)		0.56
"For both flutamide and Casodex, no consistent difference was found between the effects of once daily and thrice daily oral dosing in the rat."( Daily dosing with flutamide or Casodex exerts maximal antiandrogenic activity.
Candas, B; Chen, C; Labrie, C; Labrie, F; Luo, S; Martel, C; Singh, SM, 1997)		1.05
" Another finding is that once daily dosing with flutamide exhibits an effectiveness comparable to thrice daily dosing; such data may have potential significance in facilitating compliance by administration of flutamide once daily instead of the current thrice daily schedule in men."( Daily dosing with flutamide or Casodex exerts maximal antiandrogenic activity.
Candas, B; Chen, C; Labrie, C; Labrie, F; Luo, S; Martel, C; Singh, SM, 1997)		0.89
" Female C57BL/6 mice were dosed with dihydrotestosterone- or sham-treated for 8 days, after which kidneys were removed and complementary DNA (cDNA) prepared."( Identification of androgen-regulated genes in mouse kidney by representational difference analysis and random arbitrarily primed polymerase chain reaction.
Bofill, N; Hubank, M; Melià, MJ; Meseguer, A, 1998)		0.3
" Assuming that each modality is equally effective, emphasis should be placed on increasing patient tolerance and compliance by the use of long-acting, nontoxic treatments with simple dosing regimens and minimal side effects."( Androgen deprivation for prostatic carcinoma: a rationale for choosing components.
Chatelain, C; Fourcade, RO, 1998)		0.3
" Dose-response curves were analyzed for 5alpha-dihydrotestosterone, the most active androgen in normal prostate, and androstenedione, a major androgen derived from the adrenals."( Functional characterization of mutant androgen receptors from androgen-independent prostate cancer.
Balk, SP; Bubley, GJ; Fenton, MA; Fertig, AM; Kolvenbag, G; Shuster, TD; Taplin, ME, 1997)		0.3
" The chemical was dosed by gavage to pregnant dams at 10 or 100 mg/kg body wt from gestation day 14 to 18."( Impaired male sexual development in perinatal Sprague-Dawley and Long-Evans hooded rats exposed in utero and lactationally to p,p'-DDE.
Archibeque-Engle, S; Casanova, M; Fan, LQ; Heck, HA; Sar, M; You, L, 1998)		0.3
" Dosing adjustments for renal impairment or HD are not indicated for flutamide."( Pharmacokinetics of flutamide in patients with renal insufficiency.
Affrime, MB; Anjum, S; Cutler, DL; Halstenson, CE; Lambrecht, LJ; Radwanski, E; Swan, SK, 1999)		0.86
" Pregnant Sprague-Dawley rats were dosed daily by gavage with DDE at 0, 10, or 100 mg/kg body weight or with flutamide at 40 mg/kg body weight from gestation day 14 to 18."( Modulation of testosterone-metabolizing hepatic cytochrome P-450 enzymes in developing Sprague-Dawley rats following in utero exposure to p,p'-DDE.
Archibeque-Engle, S; Bruce, JM; Casanova, M; Chan, SK; Corton, JC; Heck, H; You, L, 1999)		0.52
" Bicalutamide is available in a convenient one tablet, once-a-day dosing regimen, is at least as effective as flutamide and is better tolerated in terms of diarrhea."( Which is the optimal antiandrogen for use in combined androgen blockade of advanced prostate cancer? The transition from a first- to second-generation antiandrogen.
Sarosdy, MF, 1999)		0.52
" Bicalutamide is also a nonsteroidal anti-androgen that offers the advantages of reduced dosage amounts and reduction in side effects."( Anti-androgens and other hormonal therapies for prostate cancer.
Richie, JP, 1999)		0.3
" Pregnant Long-Evans rats were dosed by gavage from Gestation Day 14 to 18 at 0, 10 (low dose), or 100 (high dose) mg DDE, or 40 mg flutamide/kg body wt (bw)/day (in utero treatment)."( In utero exposure to antiandrogens alters the responsiveness of the prostate to p,p'-DDE in adult rats and may induce prostatic inflammation.
Brenneman, KA; Heck, H; You, L, 1999)		0.51
" 2) The weight and volume of the mouse prostate diminished in Flu-treated groups, but the dose-response relationship was seen only in volume."( Flutamide suppressed prostate hypertrophy in rats and mice.
Chen, BL; Li, D; Li, PF; Zhang, YY, 1999)		1.75
") erections we assessed the dose-response effects of p,p-DDE in comparison to the known androgen receptor antagonist flutamide in acute (0."( Effects of an environmental anti-androgen on erectile function in an animal penile erection model.
Adams, MA; Brien, SE; Heaton, JP; Racz, WJ, 2000)		0.52
" Furthermore, these data suggest that dose-response studies utilizing late gestational exposure to endocrine-active compounds may be more robust than the traditional or EPA-modified multigeneration protocols in identifying adverse effects."( Effects of in utero exposure to linuron on androgen-dependent reproductive development in the male Crl:CD(SD)BR rat.
Barlow, NJ; Foster, PM; Gaido, KW; Maness, SC; McIntyre, BS; Wallace, DG, 2000)		0.31
" Flutamide was administered in a dosage of 250mg 3 times daily."( Androgen receptor-blocking agents: potential role in pancreatic cancer.
Greenway, BA, 2000)		1.22
" To determine the antiandrogenic potential of fenitrothion in vivo, 7-week-old castrated Sprague-Dawley rats were dosed once a day for 7 days with testosterone propionate (50 microg/day, sc) plus gavage doses of either corn oil vehicle or fenitrothion (15 or 30 mg/kg/day)."( Androgen receptor antagonism by the organophosphate insecticide fenitrothion.
Dorman, DC; Gaido, KW; Gray, LE; Maness, SC; Reischmann, K; Tamura, H, 2001)		0.31
" The objectives of this study were to determine whether in utero exposure to flutamide results in permanent changes in male AGD and nipple retention, characterize the dose-response relationship between flutamide-mediated alterations in these landmarks and clearly adverse antiandrogenic effects, and establish the predictive value and relationship between AGD and nipple retention, and other adverse manifestations."( Androgen-mediated development in male rat offspring exposed to flutamide in utero: permanence and correlation of early postnatal changes in anogenital distance and nipple retention with malformations in androgen-dependent tissues.
Barlow, NJ; Foster, PM; McIntyre, BS, 2001)		0.78
" Immature Sprague-Dawley female rats (21 days of age) were dosed daily for 20 days by oral gavage (DES, tamoxifen, and flutamide) or sc injection (testosterone)."( Evaluation of the 20-day pubertal female assay in Sprague-Dawley rats treated with DES, tamoxifen, testosterone, and flutamide.
Han, SY; Kang, IH; Kim, HS; Kim, IY; Kim, TS; Moon, HJ; Park, KL; Seok, JH; Shin, JH, 2002)		0.73
" For the current studies, male rats were dosed for 15 days via oral gavage and euthanized on the morning of test day 15."( Evaluation of a 15-day screening assay using intact male rats for identifying antiandrogens.
Frame, SR; Ladics, GS; O'Connor, JC, 2002)		0.31
" Flutamide-induced and testosterone-induced vascular relaxation dose-response curves were then determined."( Flutamide induces relaxation in large and small blood vessels.
Ba, ZF; Bland, KI; Chaudry, IH; Kuebler, JF; Rue, LW; Wang, P, 2002)		2.67
" The prevalence of GI side effects (abdominal pain/distention, diarrhea, constipation, nausea/vomiting and anorexia) was tallied for each treatment group and/or dosing regimen, 250 mg every 8 hours or 500 mg daily."( Direct gastrointestinal toxicity of flutamide: comparison of irradiated and nonirradiated cases.
Langenstroer, P; McLeod, DG; Porter, HJ; Thrasher, JB, 2004)		0.6
" Furthermore, independent analysis of treatment groups for each distinct side effect and dosing regimen did not identify significant differences."( Direct gastrointestinal toxicity of flutamide: comparison of irradiated and nonirradiated cases.
Langenstroer, P; McLeod, DG; Porter, HJ; Thrasher, JB, 2004)		0.6
" We sought to evaluate different flutamide dosing schedules without this confounding factor."( Flutamide administration at 500 mg daily has similar effects on serum testosterone to 750 mg daily.
Murphy, JC; Srinivas, S; Terris, MK, )		1.86
"Experience with dose response and mechanisms of toxicity has shown that multiple mechanisms may exist for a single agent along the continuum of the full dose-response curve."( Dose-dependent transitions in mechanisms of toxicity: case studies.
Andersen, ME; Bogdanffy, MS; Bus, JS; Cohen, SD; Conolly, RB; David, RM; Doerrer, NG; Dorman, DC; Gaylor, DW; Hattis, D; Rogers, JM; Setzer, RW; Slikker, W; Swenberg, JA; Wallace, K, 2004)		0.32
"Flutamide and/or its metabolites shifted the dose-response curve of testosterone, in that only the highest testosterone concentration, corresponding to 1803 ng/dl (62."( Circulating antiandrogenic activity in children with congenital adrenal hyperplasia during peroral flutamide treatment.
Dunkel, L; Hero, M; Jänne, OA; Näntö-Salonen, K; Raivio, T, 2005)		1.99
" Rats were dosed daily for 3 days with FLU at 500, 250, 62."( Profiling the hepatic effects of flutamide in rats: a microarray comparison with classical aryl hydrocarbon receptor ligands and atypical CYP1A inducers.
Caguyong, M; Cheng, O; Coe, KJ; Dai, X; He, Y; Nelson, SD; Roberts, CJ; Slatter, JG; Ulrich, RG, 2006)		0.62
" The radiation therapy was carried out with 6 or 18 MV LINAC photons, with a dose fractioning scheme of 5 x 180-200 cGy, a total dosage of 66-72 Gy to prostate, 56 Gy to seminal vesicles and, in the high-risk cases, 46 Gy to pelvic lymph nodes."( Impact of neoadjuvant hormonal therapy on dose-volume histograms in patients with localized prostate cancer under radical radiation therapy.
López Carrizosa, MC; Melchor Iñiguez, M; Pérez Casas, A; Pérez Vara, C; Rubio Rodríguez, MC; Samper, PM; Vallejo, C, 2006)		0.33
" They were divided into four groups by dosage of flutamide (2."( Influence for testicular development and histological peculiarity in the testes of flutamide-induced cryptorchid rat model.
Hayashi, Y; Kohri, K; Kojima, Y; Kurokawa, S; Mizuno, K; Sasaki, S, 2007)		0.82
" The aim was to assess whether the joint effects of vinclozolin, flutamide, and procymidone can be predicted based on dose-response data of the individual chemicals."( Dysgenesis and histological changes of genitals and perturbations of gene expression in male rats after in utero exposure to antiandrogen mixtures.
Axelstad, M; Christiansen, S; Dalgaard, M; Hass, U; Kiersgaard, MK; Kortenkamp, A; Metzdorff, SB; Scholze, M; Vinggaard, AM, 2007)		0.58
" Depending on the intended indication and dosing regimen, PPL can delay or stop development of a compound in the drug discovery process."( Evaluation of a published in silico model and construction of a novel Bayesian model for predicting phospholipidosis inducing potential.
Gehlhaar, D; Greene, N; Johnson, TO; Pelletier, DJ; Tilloy-Ellul, A, )		0.13
"The aim of this study was to assess whether the joint effects of three androgen receptor antagonists (vinclozolin, flutamide, procymidone) on male sexual differentiation after in utero and postnatal exposures can be predicted based on dose-response data of the individual chemicals."( Combined exposure to anti-androgens exacerbates disruption of sexual differentiation in the rat.
Axelstad, M; Christiansen, S; Dalgaard, M; Hass, U; Kortenkamp, A; Metzdorff, SB; Scholze, M; Vinggaard, AM, 2007)		0.55
" Changes in anogenital distance (AGD) and nipple retention (NR) in male offspring rats were chosen as end points for extensive dose-response studies."( Combined exposure to anti-androgens exacerbates disruption of sexual differentiation in the rat.
Axelstad, M; Christiansen, S; Dalgaard, M; Hass, U; Kortenkamp, A; Metzdorff, SB; Scholze, M; Vinggaard, AM, 2007)		0.34
" Parallel one-dimensional (1D) 800 MHz 1H and 753 MHz 19F{1H} spectra (n = 21) were obtained on urine samples collected from volunteers (n = 6) at various intervals up to 24 h after oral dosing with 500 mg of flucloxacillin."( Heteronuclear 19F-1H statistical total correlation spectroscopy as a tool in drug metabolism: study of flucloxacillin biotransformation.
Athersuch, TJ; Beckonert, O; Holmes, E; Keun, HC; Lindon, JC; Nicholson, JK; Saric, J; Shockcor, JP; Wang, Y; Wilson, ID, 2008)		0.35
" Dose-response curves can be successfully generated for these compounds, allowing for an assessment of potency."( A multifunctional androgen receptor screening assay using the high-throughput Hypercyt flow cytometry system.
Bowles, HJ; Burchiel, SW; Dennis, MK; Edwards, BS; MacKenzie, DA; Prossnitz, ER; Sklar, LA; Thompson, TA, 2008)		0.35
"We conclude that flutamide in a dosage of 125 or 250 mg daily is a safe drug in the long-term treatment of hirsutism."( The risk of hepatotoxicity during long-term and low-dose flutamide treatment in hirsutism.
Akcali, C; Balat, O; Cicek, H; Dikensoy, E; Pence, S, 2009)		0.94
" PCOS induced rats were administered varying dosing regimens of noscapine and were further compared with flutamide, the conventional drug for PCOS."( Relevance of an opioid, noscapine in reducing cystogeneses in rat experimental model of polycystic ovary syndrome.
Priyadarshani, A, 2009)		0.57
" We proposed a systematic classification scheme using FDA-approved drug labeling to assess the DILI potential of drugs, which yielded a benchmark dataset with 287 drugs representing a wide range of therapeutic categories and daily dosage amounts."( FDA-approved drug labeling for the study of drug-induced liver injury.
Chen, M; Fang, H; Liu, Z; Shi, Q; Tong, W; Vijay, V, 2011)		0.37
" Dosing continued from PND 21 to 44, and animals were killed on PND 50 or PND 75-80."( Impairment on sperm quality and fertility of adult rats after antiandrogen exposure during prepuberty.
Alves, TR; Anselmo-Franci, JA; de Toledo, FC; Fernandez, CD; Kempinas, Wde G; Klinefelter, GR; Perobelli, JE, 2012)		0.38
" Further studies should focus on the timing and dosing of testosterone as well as the applicability to human development."( The renal effects of prenatal testosterone in rats.
Bábíčková, J; Borbélyová, V; Celec, P; Hodosy, J; Janega, P; Kubišová, K; Tóthová, L, 2015)		0.42
" Although additional study is considered necessary to determine the daily dosage of flutamide, the anti-tumor effects obtained from this study indicated that 375 mg/day is appropriate as a daily dosage, and 250 mg/day can also be considered when concern exists regarding the occurrence of complications or the development of ADRs, including liver function disorders."( Efficacy of flutamide-combined androgen blockade therapy in advanced prostate cancer patients: a phase III randomized, comparative trial.
Akaza, H; Ijima, T; Kanetake, H; Ohashi, Y; Usami, M, 2014)		1.01
" The two methods were validated according to USP guidelines and were applied for determination of the drug in its pharmaceutical dosage form."( Two different spectrophotometric determinations of potential anticancer drug and its toxic metabolite.
Abdelwahab, NS; Farid, NF, 2015)		0.42
"The dose-response characterization of endocrine mediated toxicity is an on-going debate which is controversial when exploring the nature of the dose-response curve and the effect at the low-end of the curve."( Low dose evaluation of the antiandrogen flutamide following a Mode of Action approach.
Bars, R; Hilmi, C; Pallardy, M; Rouquié, D; Sarrabay, A; Schorsch, F; Tinwell, H, 2015)		0.68
" The data generated clarify whether a non-monotonic dose-response relationship exists to enhance the current debate about the regulation of endocrine disruptors."( Investigations of putative reproductive toxicity of low-dose exposures to flutamide in Wistar rats.
Buesen, R; Fussell, KC; Groeters, S; Melching-Kollmuss, S; Schneider, S; Strauss, V; van Ravenzwaay, B, 2015)		0.65
" In dose-response F2H experiments, we compared the potencies of abiraterone, bicalutamide, enzalutamide, flutamide, and galeterone/TOK-001 to prevent the dihydrotestosterone-induced N/C interaction in wt AR."( The fluorescent two-hybrid assay for live-cell profiling of androgen receptor modulators.
Bogner, J; Hickson, I; Romer, T; Yurlova, L; Zolghadr, K, 2017)		0.67
" A non-monotonic dose-response relationship was not evident."( Investigations on the dose-response relationship of combined exposure to low doses of three anti-androgens in Wistar rats.
Buesen, R; Fussell, KC; Gröters, S; Jiang, X; Melching-Kollmuss, S; Schneider, S; Strauss, V; van Ravenzwaay, B, 2017)		0.46
" However, the over dosage and improper discharge of flutamide could affect the living organism."( Unraveling the electrochemical properties of lanthanum cobaltite decorated halloysite nanotube nanocomposite: An advanced electrocatalyst for determination of flutamide in environmental samples.
Balakrishna, RG; Kokulnathan, T; Suvina, V; Wang, TJ, 2020)		1.01
" Dosing regimen and side effects associated with flutamide therapy are also discussed."( The use of flutamide for the neoadjuvant treatment of juvenile nasopharyngeal angiofibroma: a review of the literature comparing results by pubertal status and tumor stage.
Aird, J; Granger, P; Hepola, K; Silberstein, PT; Sitenga, G, 2022)		1.37
[information is derived through text-mining from research data collected from National Library of Medicine (NLM), extracted Dec-2023]

Roles (2)

RoleDescription
androgen antagonistA compound which inhibits or antagonises the biosynthesis or actions of androgens.
antineoplastic agentA substance that inhibits or prevents the proliferation of neoplasms.
[role information is derived from Chemical Entities of Biological Interest (ChEBI), Hastings J, Owen G, Dekker A, Ennis M, Kale N, Muthukrishnan V, Turner S, Swainston N, Mendes P, Steinbeck C. (2016). ChEBI in 2016: Improved services and an expanding collection of metabolites. Nucleic Acids Res]

Drug Classes (2)

ClassDescription
monocarboxylic acid amideA carboxamide derived from a monocarboxylic acid.
(trifluoromethyl)benzenesAn organofluorine compound that is (trifluoromethyl)benzene and derivatives arising from substitution of one or more of the phenyl hydrogens.
[compound class information is derived from Chemical Entities of Biological Interest (ChEBI), Hastings J, Owen G, Dekker A, Ennis M, Kale N, Muthukrishnan V, Turner S, Swainston N, Mendes P, Steinbeck C. (2016). ChEBI in 2016: Improved services and an expanding collection of metabolites. Nucleic Acids Res]

Pathways (1)

PathwayProteinsCompounds
Integrated breast cancer pathway9818

Protein Targets (96)

Potency Measurements

ProteinTaxonomyMeasurementAverage (µ)Min (ref.)Avg (ref.)Max (ref.)Bioassay(s)
Chain A, Beta-lactamaseEscherichia coli K-12Potency0.63100.044717.8581100.0000AID485294
Chain A, Ferritin light chainEquus caballus (horse)Potency39.81075.623417.292931.6228AID2323
interleukin 8Homo sapiens (human)Potency74.97800.047349.480674.9780AID651758
endonuclease IVEscherichia coliPotency0.89130.707912.432431.6228AID1708
15-lipoxygenase, partialHomo sapiens (human)Potency39.81070.012610.691788.5700AID887
pregnane X receptorRattus norvegicus (Norway rat)Potency56.23410.025127.9203501.1870AID651751
RAR-related orphan receptor gammaMus musculus (house mouse)Potency23.98950.006038.004119,952.5996AID1159521; AID1159523
ATAD5 protein, partialHomo sapiens (human)Potency14.57500.004110.890331.5287AID493106
USP1 protein, partialHomo sapiens (human)Potency50.11870.031637.5844354.8130AID743255
GLS proteinHomo sapiens (human)Potency5.62340.35487.935539.8107AID624146
TDP1 proteinHomo sapiens (human)Potency12.32050.000811.382244.6684AID686978; AID686979
GLI family zinc finger 3Homo sapiens (human)Potency10.45220.000714.592883.7951AID1259369; AID1259392
AR proteinHomo sapiens (human)Potency23.88730.000221.22318,912.5098AID1259243; AID1259247; AID1259381; AID588516; AID743035; AID743042; AID743054; AID743063
aldehyde dehydrogenase 1 family, member A1Homo sapiens (human)Potency39.81070.011212.4002100.0000AID1030
thyroid stimulating hormone receptorHomo sapiens (human)Potency39.81070.001318.074339.8107AID926
estrogen receptor 2 (ER beta)Homo sapiens (human)Potency62.51500.000657.913322,387.1992AID1259378
nuclear receptor subfamily 1, group I, member 3Homo sapiens (human)Potency42.90630.001022.650876.6163AID1224838; AID1224839; AID1224893
progesterone receptorHomo sapiens (human)Potency18.75490.000417.946075.1148AID1346795
EWS/FLI fusion proteinHomo sapiens (human)Potency11.08260.001310.157742.8575AID1259252; AID1259253; AID1259255; AID1259256
nonstructural protein 1Influenza A virus (A/WSN/1933(H1N1))Potency56.23410.28189.721235.4813AID2326
glucocorticoid receptor [Homo sapiens]Homo sapiens (human)Potency44.77570.000214.376460.0339AID588533; AID720691
retinoic acid nuclear receptor alpha variant 1Homo sapiens (human)Potency19.18570.003041.611522,387.1992AID1159552; AID1159555
retinoid X nuclear receptor alphaHomo sapiens (human)Potency5.56280.000817.505159.3239AID1159527; AID1159531
estrogen-related nuclear receptor alphaHomo sapiens (human)Potency23.51350.001530.607315,848.9004AID1224819; AID1224820; AID1224821; AID1224841; AID1224842; AID1224848; AID1224849; AID1259401; AID1259403
pregnane X nuclear receptorHomo sapiens (human)Potency26.63810.005428.02631,258.9301AID1346982; AID720659
estrogen nuclear receptor alphaHomo sapiens (human)Potency38.36170.000229.305416,493.5996AID1259244; AID1259248; AID588514; AID743069; AID743075; AID743078; AID743079; AID743080; AID743091
GVesicular stomatitis virusPotency27.54040.01238.964839.8107AID1645842
cytochrome P450 2D6Homo sapiens (human)Potency27.54040.00108.379861.1304AID1645840
67.9K proteinVaccinia virusPotency9.56860.00018.4406100.0000AID720580
peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor deltaHomo sapiens (human)Potency29.32140.001024.504861.6448AID588534; AID743212
alpha-galactosidaseHomo sapiens (human)Potency12.58934.466818.391635.4813AID2107
euchromatic histone-lysine N-methyltransferase 2Homo sapiens (human)Potency1.57140.035520.977089.1251AID504332
aryl hydrocarbon receptorHomo sapiens (human)Potency21.13170.000723.06741,258.9301AID743085
cytochrome P450, family 19, subfamily A, polypeptide 1, isoform CRA_aHomo sapiens (human)Potency62.00300.001723.839378.1014AID743083
thyroid stimulating hormone receptorHomo sapiens (human)Potency53.40410.001628.015177.1139AID1259385
peripheral myelin protein 22 isoform 1Homo sapiens (human)Potency95.283423.934123.934123.9341AID1967
cytochrome P450 2C19 precursorHomo sapiens (human)Potency10.00000.00255.840031.6228AID899
cytochrome P450 2C9 precursorHomo sapiens (human)Potency26.20000.00636.904339.8107AID883
D(1A) dopamine receptorHomo sapiens (human)Potency5.80450.02245.944922.3872AID488982
chromobox protein homolog 1Homo sapiens (human)Potency25.11890.006026.168889.1251AID488953
nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 isoform 2Homo sapiens (human)Potency14.58100.00419.984825.9290AID504444
thyroid hormone receptor beta isoform 2Rattus norvegicus (Norway rat)Potency51.56380.000323.4451159.6830AID743065; AID743067
huntingtin isoform 2Homo sapiens (human)Potency15.84890.000618.41981,122.0200AID1688
mitogen-activated protein kinase 1Homo sapiens (human)Potency39.81070.039816.784239.8107AID995
nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 isoform 1Homo sapiens (human)Potency36.90680.000627.21521,122.0200AID651741; AID743202; AID743219
DNA polymerase iota isoform a (long)Homo sapiens (human)Potency89.12510.050127.073689.1251AID588590
nuclear receptor ROR-gamma isoform 1Mus musculus (house mouse)Potency31.05670.00798.23321,122.0200AID2546; AID2551
gemininHomo sapiens (human)Potency0.70790.004611.374133.4983AID624297
peripheral myelin protein 22Rattus norvegicus (Norway rat)Potency12.81780.005612.367736.1254AID624032
survival motor neuron protein isoform dHomo sapiens (human)Potency19.86890.125912.234435.4813AID1458
cytochrome P450 3A4 isoform 1Homo sapiens (human)Potency8.80060.031610.279239.8107AID884; AID885
M-phase phosphoprotein 8Homo sapiens (human)Potency0.79430.177824.735279.4328AID488949
muscleblind-like protein 1 isoform 1Homo sapiens (human)Potency25.11890.00419.962528.1838AID2675
muscarinic acetylcholine receptor M1Rattus norvegicus (Norway rat)Potency6.69460.00106.000935.4813AID943; AID944
lamin isoform A-delta10Homo sapiens (human)Potency0.07940.891312.067628.1838AID1487
Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit piRattus norvegicus (Norway rat)Potency8.80061.000012.224831.6228AID885
Voltage-dependent calcium channel gamma-2 subunitMus musculus (house mouse)Potency44.81490.001557.789015,848.9004AID1259244
Interferon betaHomo sapiens (human)Potency24.27370.00339.158239.8107AID1347407; AID1645842
HLA class I histocompatibility antigen, B alpha chain Homo sapiens (human)Potency27.54040.01238.964839.8107AID1645842
Cellular tumor antigen p53Homo sapiens (human)Potency73.60450.002319.595674.0614AID651631; AID720552
Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit beta-1Rattus norvegicus (Norway rat)Potency8.80061.000012.224831.6228AID885
Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit deltaRattus norvegicus (Norway rat)Potency8.80061.000012.224831.6228AID885
Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit gamma-2Rattus norvegicus (Norway rat)Potency8.80061.000012.224831.6228AID885
Glutamate receptor 2Rattus norvegicus (Norway rat)Potency44.81490.001551.739315,848.9004AID1259244
Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit alpha-5Rattus norvegicus (Norway rat)Potency8.80061.000012.224831.6228AID885
Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit alpha-3Rattus norvegicus (Norway rat)Potency8.80061.000012.224831.6228AID885
Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit gamma-1Rattus norvegicus (Norway rat)Potency8.80061.000012.224831.6228AID885
Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit alpha-2Rattus norvegicus (Norway rat)Potency8.80061.000012.224831.6228AID885
Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit alpha-4Rattus norvegicus (Norway rat)Potency8.80061.000012.224831.6228AID885
Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit gamma-3Rattus norvegicus (Norway rat)Potency8.80061.000012.224831.6228AID885
Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit alpha-6Rattus norvegicus (Norway rat)Potency8.80061.000012.224831.6228AID885
Alpha-synucleinHomo sapiens (human)Potency22.38720.56239.398525.1189AID652106
Histamine H2 receptorCavia porcellus (domestic guinea pig)Potency26.20000.00638.235039.8107AID883
Nuclear receptor ROR-gammaHomo sapiens (human)Potency23.71010.026622.448266.8242AID651802
Spike glycoproteinSevere acute respiratory syndrome-related coronavirusPotency14.12540.009610.525035.4813AID1479145
Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit alpha-1Rattus norvegicus (Norway rat)Potency8.80061.000012.224831.6228AID885
Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit beta-3Rattus norvegicus (Norway rat)Potency8.80061.000012.224831.6228AID885
Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit beta-2Rattus norvegicus (Norway rat)Potency8.80061.000012.224831.6228AID885
GABA theta subunitRattus norvegicus (Norway rat)Potency8.80061.000012.224831.6228AID885
Inositol hexakisphosphate kinase 1Homo sapiens (human)Potency27.54040.01238.964839.8107AID1645842
ATPase family AAA domain-containing protein 5Homo sapiens (human)Potency32.58300.011917.942071.5630AID651632; AID720516
Ataxin-2Homo sapiens (human)Potency28.31880.011912.222168.7989AID588378; AID651632
Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit epsilonRattus norvegicus (Norway rat)Potency8.80061.000012.224831.6228AID885
cytochrome P450 2C9, partialHomo sapiens (human)Potency27.54040.01238.964839.8107AID1645842
[prepared from compound, protein, and bioassay information from National Library of Medicine (NLM), extracted Dec-2023]

Inhibition Measurements

ProteinTaxonomyMeasurementAverageMin (ref.)Avg (ref.)Max (ref.)Bioassay(s)
Cocaine esteraseHomo sapiens (human)Ki2.30000.00630.98358.0000AID1220072
ATP-binding cassette sub-family C member 3Homo sapiens (human)IC50 (µMol)133.00000.63154.45319.3000AID1473740
Multidrug resistance-associated protein 4Homo sapiens (human)IC50 (µMol)133.00000.20005.677410.0000AID1473741
Bile salt export pumpRattus norvegicus (Norway rat)IC50 (µMol)78.70000.40002.75008.6000AID1209456
Bile salt export pumpHomo sapiens (human)IC50 (µMol)94.99710.11007.190310.0000AID1209455; AID1443980; AID1443981; AID1443984; AID1443986; AID1449628; AID1473738
Androgen receptorHomo sapiens (human)IC50 (µMol)16.86970.00000.875310.0000AID242187; AID339521; AID365468; AID38991; AID392618; AID473864; AID515859
Androgen receptorHomo sapiens (human)Ki2.50000.00020.42407.2000AID339517; AID39003
Androgen receptorRattus norvegicus (Norway rat)IC50 (µMol)13.39000.00101.979414.1600AID625228
Androgen receptorRattus norvegicus (Norway rat)Ki8.92700.00031.21858.9270AID625228
5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 6Homo sapiens (human)IC50 (µMol)17.81400.00170.83815.4200AID625221
5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 6Homo sapiens (human)Ki8.27100.00020.522910.0000AID625221
Canalicular multispecific organic anion transporter 1Homo sapiens (human)IC50 (µMol)133.00002.41006.343310.0000AID1473739
[prepared from compound, protein, and bioassay information from National Library of Medicine (NLM), extracted Dec-2023]

Other Measurements

ProteinTaxonomyMeasurementAverageMin (ref.)Avg (ref.)Max (ref.)Bioassay(s)
Arylacetamide deacetylaseHomo sapiens (human)Km500.00000.00182.35094.7000AID1210916; AID1220071
Arylacetamide deacetylaseMus musculus (house mouse)Km4,300.00000.00161.56914.7000AID1210926; AID1210936
Arylacetamide deacetylaseRattus norvegicus (Norway rat)Km5,100.00000.00580.00580.0058AID1210926
[prepared from compound, protein, and bioassay information from National Library of Medicine (NLM), extracted Dec-2023]

Biological Processes (362)

Processvia Protein(s)Taxonomy
prostaglandin metabolic processCocaine esteraseHomo sapiens (human)
xenobiotic metabolic processCocaine esteraseHomo sapiens (human)
catabolic processCocaine esteraseHomo sapiens (human)
xenobiotic metabolic processATP-binding cassette sub-family C member 3Homo sapiens (human)
xenobiotic transmembrane transportATP-binding cassette sub-family C member 3Homo sapiens (human)
bile acid and bile salt transportATP-binding cassette sub-family C member 3Homo sapiens (human)
glucuronoside transportATP-binding cassette sub-family C member 3Homo sapiens (human)
xenobiotic transportATP-binding cassette sub-family C member 3Homo sapiens (human)
transmembrane transportATP-binding cassette sub-family C member 3Homo sapiens (human)
leukotriene transportATP-binding cassette sub-family C member 3Homo sapiens (human)
monoatomic anion transmembrane transportATP-binding cassette sub-family C member 3Homo sapiens (human)
transport across blood-brain barrierATP-binding cassette sub-family C member 3Homo sapiens (human)
prostaglandin secretionMultidrug resistance-associated protein 4Homo sapiens (human)
cilium assemblyMultidrug resistance-associated protein 4Homo sapiens (human)
platelet degranulationMultidrug resistance-associated protein 4Homo sapiens (human)
xenobiotic metabolic processMultidrug resistance-associated protein 4Homo sapiens (human)
xenobiotic transmembrane transportMultidrug resistance-associated protein 4Homo sapiens (human)
bile acid and bile salt transportMultidrug resistance-associated protein 4Homo sapiens (human)
prostaglandin transportMultidrug resistance-associated protein 4Homo sapiens (human)
urate transportMultidrug resistance-associated protein 4Homo sapiens (human)
glutathione transmembrane transportMultidrug resistance-associated protein 4Homo sapiens (human)
transmembrane transportMultidrug resistance-associated protein 4Homo sapiens (human)
cAMP transportMultidrug resistance-associated protein 4Homo sapiens (human)
leukotriene transportMultidrug resistance-associated protein 4Homo sapiens (human)
monoatomic anion transmembrane transportMultidrug resistance-associated protein 4Homo sapiens (human)
export across plasma membraneMultidrug resistance-associated protein 4Homo sapiens (human)
transport across blood-brain barrierMultidrug resistance-associated protein 4Homo sapiens (human)
guanine nucleotide transmembrane transportMultidrug resistance-associated protein 4Homo sapiens (human)
fatty acid metabolic processBile salt export pumpHomo sapiens (human)
bile acid biosynthetic processBile salt export pumpHomo sapiens (human)
xenobiotic metabolic processBile salt export pumpHomo sapiens (human)
xenobiotic transmembrane transportBile salt export pumpHomo sapiens (human)
response to oxidative stressBile salt export pumpHomo sapiens (human)
bile acid metabolic processBile salt export pumpHomo sapiens (human)
response to organic cyclic compoundBile salt export pumpHomo sapiens (human)
bile acid and bile salt transportBile salt export pumpHomo sapiens (human)
canalicular bile acid transportBile salt export pumpHomo sapiens (human)
protein ubiquitinationBile salt export pumpHomo sapiens (human)
regulation of fatty acid beta-oxidationBile salt export pumpHomo sapiens (human)
carbohydrate transmembrane transportBile salt export pumpHomo sapiens (human)
bile acid signaling pathwayBile salt export pumpHomo sapiens (human)
cholesterol homeostasisBile salt export pumpHomo sapiens (human)
response to estrogenBile salt export pumpHomo sapiens (human)
response to ethanolBile salt export pumpHomo sapiens (human)
xenobiotic export from cellBile salt export pumpHomo sapiens (human)
lipid homeostasisBile salt export pumpHomo sapiens (human)
phospholipid homeostasisBile salt export pumpHomo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of bile acid secretionBile salt export pumpHomo sapiens (human)
regulation of bile acid metabolic processBile salt export pumpHomo sapiens (human)
transmembrane transportBile salt export pumpHomo sapiens (human)
cell surface receptor signaling pathway via JAK-STATInterferon betaHomo sapiens (human)
response to exogenous dsRNAInterferon betaHomo sapiens (human)
B cell activation involved in immune responseInterferon betaHomo sapiens (human)
cell surface receptor signaling pathwayInterferon betaHomo sapiens (human)
cell surface receptor signaling pathway via JAK-STATInterferon betaHomo sapiens (human)
response to virusInterferon betaHomo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of autophagyInterferon betaHomo sapiens (human)
cytokine-mediated signaling pathwayInterferon betaHomo sapiens (human)
natural killer cell activationInterferon betaHomo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of peptidyl-serine phosphorylation of STAT proteinInterferon betaHomo sapiens (human)
cellular response to interferon-betaInterferon betaHomo sapiens (human)
B cell proliferationInterferon betaHomo sapiens (human)
negative regulation of viral genome replicationInterferon betaHomo sapiens (human)
innate immune responseInterferon betaHomo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of innate immune responseInterferon betaHomo sapiens (human)
regulation of MHC class I biosynthetic processInterferon betaHomo sapiens (human)
negative regulation of T cell differentiationInterferon betaHomo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of transcription by RNA polymerase IIInterferon betaHomo sapiens (human)
defense response to virusInterferon betaHomo sapiens (human)
type I interferon-mediated signaling pathwayInterferon betaHomo sapiens (human)
neuron cellular homeostasisInterferon betaHomo sapiens (human)
cellular response to exogenous dsRNAInterferon betaHomo sapiens (human)
cellular response to virusInterferon betaHomo sapiens (human)
negative regulation of Lewy body formationInterferon betaHomo sapiens (human)
negative regulation of T-helper 2 cell cytokine productionInterferon betaHomo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of apoptotic signaling pathwayInterferon betaHomo sapiens (human)
response to exogenous dsRNAInterferon betaHomo sapiens (human)
B cell differentiationInterferon betaHomo sapiens (human)
natural killer cell activation involved in immune responseInterferon betaHomo sapiens (human)
adaptive immune responseInterferon betaHomo sapiens (human)
T cell activation involved in immune responseInterferon betaHomo sapiens (human)
humoral immune responseInterferon betaHomo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of T cell mediated cytotoxicityHLA class I histocompatibility antigen, B alpha chain Homo sapiens (human)
adaptive immune responseHLA class I histocompatibility antigen, B alpha chain Homo sapiens (human)
antigen processing and presentation of endogenous peptide antigen via MHC class I via ER pathway, TAP-independentHLA class I histocompatibility antigen, B alpha chain Homo sapiens (human)
regulation of T cell anergyHLA class I histocompatibility antigen, B alpha chain Homo sapiens (human)
defense responseHLA class I histocompatibility antigen, B alpha chain Homo sapiens (human)
immune responseHLA class I histocompatibility antigen, B alpha chain Homo sapiens (human)
detection of bacteriumHLA class I histocompatibility antigen, B alpha chain Homo sapiens (human)
regulation of interleukin-12 productionHLA class I histocompatibility antigen, B alpha chain Homo sapiens (human)
regulation of interleukin-6 productionHLA class I histocompatibility antigen, B alpha chain Homo sapiens (human)
protection from natural killer cell mediated cytotoxicityHLA class I histocompatibility antigen, B alpha chain Homo sapiens (human)
innate immune responseHLA class I histocompatibility antigen, B alpha chain Homo sapiens (human)
regulation of dendritic cell differentiationHLA class I histocompatibility antigen, B alpha chain Homo sapiens (human)
antigen processing and presentation of endogenous peptide antigen via MHC class IbHLA class I histocompatibility antigen, B alpha chain Homo sapiens (human)
negative regulation of cell population proliferationCellular tumor antigen p53Homo sapiens (human)
regulation of cell cycleCellular tumor antigen p53Homo sapiens (human)
regulation of cell cycle G2/M phase transitionCellular tumor antigen p53Homo sapiens (human)
DNA damage responseCellular tumor antigen p53Homo sapiens (human)
ER overload responseCellular tumor antigen p53Homo sapiens (human)
cellular response to glucose starvationCellular tumor antigen p53Homo sapiens (human)
intrinsic apoptotic signaling pathway in response to DNA damage by p53 class mediatorCellular tumor antigen p53Homo sapiens (human)
regulation of apoptotic processCellular tumor antigen p53Homo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of transcription by RNA polymerase IICellular tumor antigen p53Homo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of miRNA transcriptionCellular tumor antigen p53Homo sapiens (human)
negative regulation of transcription by RNA polymerase IICellular tumor antigen p53Homo sapiens (human)
mitophagyCellular tumor antigen p53Homo sapiens (human)
in utero embryonic developmentCellular tumor antigen p53Homo sapiens (human)
somitogenesisCellular tumor antigen p53Homo sapiens (human)
release of cytochrome c from mitochondriaCellular tumor antigen p53Homo sapiens (human)
hematopoietic progenitor cell differentiationCellular tumor antigen p53Homo sapiens (human)
T cell proliferation involved in immune responseCellular tumor antigen p53Homo sapiens (human)
B cell lineage commitmentCellular tumor antigen p53Homo sapiens (human)
T cell lineage commitmentCellular tumor antigen p53Homo sapiens (human)
response to ischemiaCellular tumor antigen p53Homo sapiens (human)
nucleotide-excision repairCellular tumor antigen p53Homo sapiens (human)
double-strand break repairCellular tumor antigen p53Homo sapiens (human)
regulation of DNA-templated transcriptionCellular tumor antigen p53Homo sapiens (human)
regulation of transcription by RNA polymerase IICellular tumor antigen p53Homo sapiens (human)
protein import into nucleusCellular tumor antigen p53Homo sapiens (human)
autophagyCellular tumor antigen p53Homo sapiens (human)
DNA damage responseCellular tumor antigen p53Homo sapiens (human)
DNA damage response, signal transduction by p53 class mediator resulting in cell cycle arrestCellular tumor antigen p53Homo sapiens (human)
DNA damage response, signal transduction by p53 class mediator resulting in transcription of p21 class mediatorCellular tumor antigen p53Homo sapiens (human)
transforming growth factor beta receptor signaling pathwayCellular tumor antigen p53Homo sapiens (human)
Ras protein signal transductionCellular tumor antigen p53Homo sapiens (human)
gastrulationCellular tumor antigen p53Homo sapiens (human)
neuroblast proliferationCellular tumor antigen p53Homo sapiens (human)
negative regulation of neuroblast proliferationCellular tumor antigen p53Homo sapiens (human)
protein localizationCellular tumor antigen p53Homo sapiens (human)
negative regulation of DNA replicationCellular tumor antigen p53Homo sapiens (human)
negative regulation of cell population proliferationCellular tumor antigen p53Homo sapiens (human)
determination of adult lifespanCellular tumor antigen p53Homo sapiens (human)
mRNA transcriptionCellular tumor antigen p53Homo sapiens (human)
rRNA transcriptionCellular tumor antigen p53Homo sapiens (human)
response to salt stressCellular tumor antigen p53Homo sapiens (human)
response to inorganic substanceCellular tumor antigen p53Homo sapiens (human)
response to X-rayCellular tumor antigen p53Homo sapiens (human)
response to gamma radiationCellular tumor antigen p53Homo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of gene expressionCellular tumor antigen p53Homo sapiens (human)
cardiac muscle cell apoptotic processCellular tumor antigen p53Homo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of cardiac muscle cell apoptotic processCellular tumor antigen p53Homo sapiens (human)
glial cell proliferationCellular tumor antigen p53Homo sapiens (human)
viral processCellular tumor antigen p53Homo sapiens (human)
glucose catabolic process to lactate via pyruvateCellular tumor antigen p53Homo sapiens (human)
cerebellum developmentCellular tumor antigen p53Homo sapiens (human)
negative regulation of cell growthCellular tumor antigen p53Homo sapiens (human)
DNA damage response, signal transduction by p53 class mediatorCellular tumor antigen p53Homo sapiens (human)
negative regulation of transforming growth factor beta receptor signaling pathwayCellular tumor antigen p53Homo sapiens (human)
mitotic G1 DNA damage checkpoint signalingCellular tumor antigen p53Homo sapiens (human)
negative regulation of telomere maintenance via telomeraseCellular tumor antigen p53Homo sapiens (human)
T cell differentiation in thymusCellular tumor antigen p53Homo sapiens (human)
tumor necrosis factor-mediated signaling pathwayCellular tumor antigen p53Homo sapiens (human)
regulation of tissue remodelingCellular tumor antigen p53Homo sapiens (human)
cellular response to UVCellular tumor antigen p53Homo sapiens (human)
multicellular organism growthCellular tumor antigen p53Homo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of mitochondrial membrane permeabilityCellular tumor antigen p53Homo sapiens (human)
cellular response to glucose starvationCellular tumor antigen p53Homo sapiens (human)
intrinsic apoptotic signaling pathway in response to DNA damage by p53 class mediatorCellular tumor antigen p53Homo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of apoptotic processCellular tumor antigen p53Homo sapiens (human)
negative regulation of apoptotic processCellular tumor antigen p53Homo sapiens (human)
entrainment of circadian clock by photoperiodCellular tumor antigen p53Homo sapiens (human)
mitochondrial DNA repairCellular tumor antigen p53Homo sapiens (human)
regulation of DNA damage response, signal transduction by p53 class mediatorCellular tumor antigen p53Homo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of neuron apoptotic processCellular tumor antigen p53Homo sapiens (human)
transcription initiation-coupled chromatin remodelingCellular tumor antigen p53Homo sapiens (human)
negative regulation of proteolysisCellular tumor antigen p53Homo sapiens (human)
negative regulation of DNA-templated transcriptionCellular tumor antigen p53Homo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of DNA-templated transcriptionCellular tumor antigen p53Homo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of RNA polymerase II transcription preinitiation complex assemblyCellular tumor antigen p53Homo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of transcription by RNA polymerase IICellular tumor antigen p53Homo sapiens (human)
response to antibioticCellular tumor antigen p53Homo sapiens (human)
fibroblast proliferationCellular tumor antigen p53Homo sapiens (human)
negative regulation of fibroblast proliferationCellular tumor antigen p53Homo sapiens (human)
circadian behaviorCellular tumor antigen p53Homo sapiens (human)
bone marrow developmentCellular tumor antigen p53Homo sapiens (human)
embryonic organ developmentCellular tumor antigen p53Homo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of peptidyl-tyrosine phosphorylationCellular tumor antigen p53Homo sapiens (human)
protein stabilizationCellular tumor antigen p53Homo sapiens (human)
negative regulation of helicase activityCellular tumor antigen p53Homo sapiens (human)
protein tetramerizationCellular tumor antigen p53Homo sapiens (human)
chromosome organizationCellular tumor antigen p53Homo sapiens (human)
neuron apoptotic processCellular tumor antigen p53Homo sapiens (human)
regulation of cell cycleCellular tumor antigen p53Homo sapiens (human)
hematopoietic stem cell differentiationCellular tumor antigen p53Homo sapiens (human)
negative regulation of glial cell proliferationCellular tumor antigen p53Homo sapiens (human)
type II interferon-mediated signaling pathwayCellular tumor antigen p53Homo sapiens (human)
cardiac septum morphogenesisCellular tumor antigen p53Homo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of programmed necrotic cell deathCellular tumor antigen p53Homo sapiens (human)
protein-containing complex assemblyCellular tumor antigen p53Homo sapiens (human)
intrinsic apoptotic signaling pathway in response to endoplasmic reticulum stressCellular tumor antigen p53Homo sapiens (human)
thymocyte apoptotic processCellular tumor antigen p53Homo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of thymocyte apoptotic processCellular tumor antigen p53Homo sapiens (human)
necroptotic processCellular tumor antigen p53Homo sapiens (human)
cellular response to hypoxiaCellular tumor antigen p53Homo sapiens (human)
cellular response to xenobiotic stimulusCellular tumor antigen p53Homo sapiens (human)
cellular response to ionizing radiationCellular tumor antigen p53Homo sapiens (human)
cellular response to gamma radiationCellular tumor antigen p53Homo sapiens (human)
cellular response to UV-CCellular tumor antigen p53Homo sapiens (human)
stem cell proliferationCellular tumor antigen p53Homo sapiens (human)
signal transduction by p53 class mediatorCellular tumor antigen p53Homo sapiens (human)
intrinsic apoptotic signaling pathway by p53 class mediatorCellular tumor antigen p53Homo sapiens (human)
reactive oxygen species metabolic processCellular tumor antigen p53Homo sapiens (human)
cellular response to actinomycin DCellular tumor antigen p53Homo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of release of cytochrome c from mitochondriaCellular tumor antigen p53Homo sapiens (human)
cellular senescenceCellular tumor antigen p53Homo sapiens (human)
replicative senescenceCellular tumor antigen p53Homo sapiens (human)
oxidative stress-induced premature senescenceCellular tumor antigen p53Homo sapiens (human)
intrinsic apoptotic signaling pathwayCellular tumor antigen p53Homo sapiens (human)
oligodendrocyte apoptotic processCellular tumor antigen p53Homo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of execution phase of apoptosisCellular tumor antigen p53Homo sapiens (human)
negative regulation of mitophagyCellular tumor antigen p53Homo sapiens (human)
regulation of mitochondrial membrane permeability involved in apoptotic processCellular tumor antigen p53Homo sapiens (human)
regulation of intrinsic apoptotic signaling pathway by p53 class mediatorCellular tumor antigen p53Homo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of miRNA transcriptionCellular tumor antigen p53Homo sapiens (human)
negative regulation of G1 to G0 transitionCellular tumor antigen p53Homo sapiens (human)
negative regulation of miRNA processingCellular tumor antigen p53Homo sapiens (human)
negative regulation of glucose catabolic process to lactate via pyruvateCellular tumor antigen p53Homo sapiens (human)
negative regulation of pentose-phosphate shuntCellular tumor antigen p53Homo sapiens (human)
intrinsic apoptotic signaling pathway in response to hypoxiaCellular tumor antigen p53Homo sapiens (human)
regulation of fibroblast apoptotic processCellular tumor antigen p53Homo sapiens (human)
negative regulation of reactive oxygen species metabolic processCellular tumor antigen p53Homo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of reactive oxygen species metabolic processCellular tumor antigen p53Homo sapiens (human)
negative regulation of stem cell proliferationCellular tumor antigen p53Homo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of cellular senescenceCellular tumor antigen p53Homo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of intrinsic apoptotic signaling pathwayCellular tumor antigen p53Homo sapiens (human)
negative regulation of transcription by RNA polymerase IIAndrogen receptorHomo sapiens (human)
MAPK cascadeAndrogen receptorHomo sapiens (human)
in utero embryonic developmentAndrogen receptorHomo sapiens (human)
regulation of systemic arterial blood pressureAndrogen receptorHomo sapiens (human)
epithelial cell morphogenesisAndrogen receptorHomo sapiens (human)
transcription by RNA polymerase IIAndrogen receptorHomo sapiens (human)
signal transductionAndrogen receptorHomo sapiens (human)
G protein-coupled receptor signaling pathwayAndrogen receptorHomo sapiens (human)
cell-cell signalingAndrogen receptorHomo sapiens (human)
spermatogenesisAndrogen receptorHomo sapiens (human)
single fertilizationAndrogen receptorHomo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of cell population proliferationAndrogen receptorHomo sapiens (human)
negative regulation of cell population proliferationAndrogen receptorHomo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of gene expressionAndrogen receptorHomo sapiens (human)
male somatic sex determinationAndrogen receptorHomo sapiens (human)
intracellular estrogen receptor signaling pathwayAndrogen receptorHomo sapiens (human)
androgen receptor signaling pathwayAndrogen receptorHomo sapiens (human)
intracellular receptor signaling pathwayAndrogen receptorHomo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of intracellular estrogen receptor signaling pathwayAndrogen receptorHomo sapiens (human)
Leydig cell differentiationAndrogen receptorHomo sapiens (human)
multicellular organism growthAndrogen receptorHomo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of phosphorylationAndrogen receptorHomo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of MAPK cascadeAndrogen receptorHomo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of insulin-like growth factor receptor signaling pathwayAndrogen receptorHomo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of cell differentiationAndrogen receptorHomo sapiens (human)
negative regulation of integrin biosynthetic processAndrogen receptorHomo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of integrin biosynthetic processAndrogen receptorHomo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of DNA-templated transcriptionAndrogen receptorHomo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of transcription by RNA polymerase IIAndrogen receptorHomo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of transcription by RNA polymerase IIIAndrogen receptorHomo sapiens (human)
insulin-like growth factor receptor signaling pathwayAndrogen receptorHomo sapiens (human)
regulation of developmental growthAndrogen receptorHomo sapiens (human)
animal organ formationAndrogen receptorHomo sapiens (human)
male genitalia morphogenesisAndrogen receptorHomo sapiens (human)
epithelial cell proliferationAndrogen receptorHomo sapiens (human)
negative regulation of epithelial cell proliferationAndrogen receptorHomo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of NF-kappaB transcription factor activityAndrogen receptorHomo sapiens (human)
activation of prostate induction by androgen receptor signaling pathwayAndrogen receptorHomo sapiens (human)
morphogenesis of an epithelial foldAndrogen receptorHomo sapiens (human)
lateral sprouting involved in mammary gland duct morphogenesisAndrogen receptorHomo sapiens (human)
prostate gland growthAndrogen receptorHomo sapiens (human)
prostate gland epithelium morphogenesisAndrogen receptorHomo sapiens (human)
epithelial cell differentiation involved in prostate gland developmentAndrogen receptorHomo sapiens (human)
tertiary branching involved in mammary gland duct morphogenesisAndrogen receptorHomo sapiens (human)
mammary gland alveolus developmentAndrogen receptorHomo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of epithelial cell proliferation involved in prostate gland developmentAndrogen receptorHomo sapiens (human)
cellular response to steroid hormone stimulusAndrogen receptorHomo sapiens (human)
cellular response to estrogen stimulusAndrogen receptorHomo sapiens (human)
cellular response to testosterone stimulusAndrogen receptorHomo sapiens (human)
seminiferous tubule developmentAndrogen receptorHomo sapiens (human)
non-membrane-bounded organelle assemblyAndrogen receptorHomo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of miRNA transcriptionAndrogen receptorHomo sapiens (human)
regulation of protein localization to plasma membraneAndrogen receptorHomo sapiens (human)
negative regulation of extrinsic apoptotic signaling pathwayAndrogen receptorHomo sapiens (human)
male gonad developmentAndrogen receptorHomo sapiens (human)
intracellular steroid hormone receptor signaling pathwayAndrogen receptorHomo sapiens (human)
lipid metabolic processArylacetamide deacetylaseHomo sapiens (human)
xenobiotic metabolic processArylacetamide deacetylaseHomo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of triglyceride catabolic processArylacetamide deacetylaseHomo sapiens (human)
calcium ion homeostasisAlpha-synucleinHomo sapiens (human)
negative regulation of transcription by RNA polymerase IIAlpha-synucleinHomo sapiens (human)
microglial cell activationAlpha-synucleinHomo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of receptor recyclingAlpha-synucleinHomo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of neurotransmitter secretionAlpha-synucleinHomo sapiens (human)
negative regulation of protein kinase activityAlpha-synucleinHomo sapiens (human)
fatty acid metabolic processAlpha-synucleinHomo sapiens (human)
neutral lipid metabolic processAlpha-synucleinHomo sapiens (human)
phospholipid metabolic processAlpha-synucleinHomo sapiens (human)
activation of cysteine-type endopeptidase activity involved in apoptotic processAlpha-synucleinHomo sapiens (human)
mitochondrial membrane organizationAlpha-synucleinHomo sapiens (human)
adult locomotory behaviorAlpha-synucleinHomo sapiens (human)
response to xenobiotic stimulusAlpha-synucleinHomo sapiens (human)
response to iron(II) ionAlpha-synucleinHomo sapiens (human)
regulation of phospholipase activityAlpha-synucleinHomo sapiens (human)
negative regulation of platelet-derived growth factor receptor signaling pathwayAlpha-synucleinHomo sapiens (human)
regulation of glutamate secretionAlpha-synucleinHomo sapiens (human)
regulation of dopamine secretionAlpha-synucleinHomo sapiens (human)
synaptic vesicle exocytosisAlpha-synucleinHomo sapiens (human)
synaptic vesicle primingAlpha-synucleinHomo sapiens (human)
regulation of transmembrane transporter activityAlpha-synucleinHomo sapiens (human)
negative regulation of microtubule polymerizationAlpha-synucleinHomo sapiens (human)
receptor internalizationAlpha-synucleinHomo sapiens (human)
protein destabilizationAlpha-synucleinHomo sapiens (human)
response to magnesium ionAlpha-synucleinHomo sapiens (human)
negative regulation of transporter activityAlpha-synucleinHomo sapiens (human)
response to lipopolysaccharideAlpha-synucleinHomo sapiens (human)
negative regulation of monooxygenase activityAlpha-synucleinHomo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of peptidyl-serine phosphorylationAlpha-synucleinHomo sapiens (human)
response to type II interferonAlpha-synucleinHomo sapiens (human)
cellular response to oxidative stressAlpha-synucleinHomo sapiens (human)
SNARE complex assemblyAlpha-synucleinHomo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of SNARE complex assemblyAlpha-synucleinHomo sapiens (human)
regulation of locomotionAlpha-synucleinHomo sapiens (human)
dopamine biosynthetic processAlpha-synucleinHomo sapiens (human)
mitochondrial ATP synthesis coupled electron transportAlpha-synucleinHomo sapiens (human)
regulation of macrophage activationAlpha-synucleinHomo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of apoptotic processAlpha-synucleinHomo sapiens (human)
negative regulation of apoptotic processAlpha-synucleinHomo sapiens (human)
negative regulation of cysteine-type endopeptidase activity involved in apoptotic processAlpha-synucleinHomo sapiens (human)
negative regulation of neuron apoptotic processAlpha-synucleinHomo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of endocytosisAlpha-synucleinHomo sapiens (human)
negative regulation of exocytosisAlpha-synucleinHomo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of exocytosisAlpha-synucleinHomo sapiens (human)
regulation of long-term neuronal synaptic plasticityAlpha-synucleinHomo sapiens (human)
synaptic vesicle endocytosisAlpha-synucleinHomo sapiens (human)
synaptic vesicle transportAlpha-synucleinHomo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of inflammatory responseAlpha-synucleinHomo sapiens (human)
regulation of acyl-CoA biosynthetic processAlpha-synucleinHomo sapiens (human)
protein tetramerizationAlpha-synucleinHomo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of release of sequestered calcium ion into cytosolAlpha-synucleinHomo sapiens (human)
neuron apoptotic processAlpha-synucleinHomo sapiens (human)
dopamine uptake involved in synaptic transmissionAlpha-synucleinHomo sapiens (human)
negative regulation of dopamine uptake involved in synaptic transmissionAlpha-synucleinHomo sapiens (human)
negative regulation of serotonin uptakeAlpha-synucleinHomo sapiens (human)
regulation of norepinephrine uptakeAlpha-synucleinHomo sapiens (human)
negative regulation of norepinephrine uptakeAlpha-synucleinHomo sapiens (human)
excitatory postsynaptic potentialAlpha-synucleinHomo sapiens (human)
long-term synaptic potentiationAlpha-synucleinHomo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of inositol phosphate biosynthetic processAlpha-synucleinHomo sapiens (human)
negative regulation of thrombin-activated receptor signaling pathwayAlpha-synucleinHomo sapiens (human)
response to interleukin-1Alpha-synucleinHomo sapiens (human)
cellular response to copper ionAlpha-synucleinHomo sapiens (human)
cellular response to epinephrine stimulusAlpha-synucleinHomo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of protein serine/threonine kinase activityAlpha-synucleinHomo sapiens (human)
supramolecular fiber organizationAlpha-synucleinHomo sapiens (human)
negative regulation of mitochondrial electron transport, NADH to ubiquinoneAlpha-synucleinHomo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of glutathione peroxidase activityAlpha-synucleinHomo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of hydrogen peroxide catabolic processAlpha-synucleinHomo sapiens (human)
regulation of synaptic vesicle recyclingAlpha-synucleinHomo sapiens (human)
regulation of reactive oxygen species biosynthetic processAlpha-synucleinHomo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of protein localization to cell peripheryAlpha-synucleinHomo sapiens (human)
negative regulation of chaperone-mediated autophagyAlpha-synucleinHomo sapiens (human)
regulation of presynapse assemblyAlpha-synucleinHomo sapiens (human)
amyloid fibril formationAlpha-synucleinHomo sapiens (human)
synapse organizationAlpha-synucleinHomo sapiens (human)
chemical synaptic transmissionAlpha-synucleinHomo sapiens (human)
cerebral cortex cell migration5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 6Homo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of TOR signaling5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 6Homo sapiens (human)
G protein-coupled serotonin receptor signaling pathway5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 6Homo sapiens (human)
chemical synaptic transmission5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 6Homo sapiens (human)
adenylate cyclase-modulating G protein-coupled receptor signaling pathway5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 6Homo sapiens (human)
G protein-coupled receptor signaling pathway, coupled to cyclic nucleotide second messenger5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 6Homo sapiens (human)
negative regulation of transcription by RNA polymerase IINuclear receptor ROR-gammaHomo sapiens (human)
xenobiotic metabolic processNuclear receptor ROR-gammaHomo sapiens (human)
regulation of glucose metabolic processNuclear receptor ROR-gammaHomo sapiens (human)
regulation of steroid metabolic processNuclear receptor ROR-gammaHomo sapiens (human)
intracellular receptor signaling pathwayNuclear receptor ROR-gammaHomo sapiens (human)
circadian regulation of gene expressionNuclear receptor ROR-gammaHomo sapiens (human)
cellular response to sterolNuclear receptor ROR-gammaHomo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of circadian rhythmNuclear receptor ROR-gammaHomo sapiens (human)
regulation of fat cell differentiationNuclear receptor ROR-gammaHomo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of DNA-templated transcriptionNuclear receptor ROR-gammaHomo sapiens (human)
adipose tissue developmentNuclear receptor ROR-gammaHomo sapiens (human)
T-helper 17 cell differentiationNuclear receptor ROR-gammaHomo sapiens (human)
regulation of transcription by RNA polymerase IINuclear receptor ROR-gammaHomo sapiens (human)
inositol phosphate metabolic processInositol hexakisphosphate kinase 1Homo sapiens (human)
phosphatidylinositol phosphate biosynthetic processInositol hexakisphosphate kinase 1Homo sapiens (human)
negative regulation of cold-induced thermogenesisInositol hexakisphosphate kinase 1Homo sapiens (human)
inositol phosphate biosynthetic processInositol hexakisphosphate kinase 1Homo sapiens (human)
xenobiotic metabolic processCanalicular multispecific organic anion transporter 1Homo sapiens (human)
xenobiotic transmembrane transportCanalicular multispecific organic anion transporter 1Homo sapiens (human)
negative regulation of gene expressionCanalicular multispecific organic anion transporter 1Homo sapiens (human)
bile acid and bile salt transportCanalicular multispecific organic anion transporter 1Homo sapiens (human)
bilirubin transportCanalicular multispecific organic anion transporter 1Homo sapiens (human)
heme catabolic processCanalicular multispecific organic anion transporter 1Homo sapiens (human)
xenobiotic export from cellCanalicular multispecific organic anion transporter 1Homo sapiens (human)
transmembrane transportCanalicular multispecific organic anion transporter 1Homo sapiens (human)
transepithelial transportCanalicular multispecific organic anion transporter 1Homo sapiens (human)
leukotriene transportCanalicular multispecific organic anion transporter 1Homo sapiens (human)
monoatomic anion transmembrane transportCanalicular multispecific organic anion transporter 1Homo sapiens (human)
transport across blood-brain barrierCanalicular multispecific organic anion transporter 1Homo sapiens (human)
xenobiotic transport across blood-brain barrierCanalicular multispecific organic anion transporter 1Homo sapiens (human)
cell population proliferationATPase family AAA domain-containing protein 5Homo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of B cell proliferationATPase family AAA domain-containing protein 5Homo sapiens (human)
nuclear DNA replicationATPase family AAA domain-containing protein 5Homo sapiens (human)
signal transduction in response to DNA damageATPase family AAA domain-containing protein 5Homo sapiens (human)
intrinsic apoptotic signaling pathway in response to DNA damage by p53 class mediatorATPase family AAA domain-containing protein 5Homo sapiens (human)
isotype switchingATPase family AAA domain-containing protein 5Homo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of DNA replicationATPase family AAA domain-containing protein 5Homo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of isotype switching to IgG isotypesATPase family AAA domain-containing protein 5Homo sapiens (human)
DNA clamp unloadingATPase family AAA domain-containing protein 5Homo sapiens (human)
regulation of mitotic cell cycle phase transitionATPase family AAA domain-containing protein 5Homo sapiens (human)
negative regulation of intrinsic apoptotic signaling pathway in response to DNA damage by p53 class mediatorATPase family AAA domain-containing protein 5Homo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of cell cycle G2/M phase transitionATPase family AAA domain-containing protein 5Homo sapiens (human)
negative regulation of receptor internalizationAtaxin-2Homo sapiens (human)
regulation of translationAtaxin-2Homo sapiens (human)
RNA metabolic processAtaxin-2Homo sapiens (human)
P-body assemblyAtaxin-2Homo sapiens (human)
stress granule assemblyAtaxin-2Homo sapiens (human)
RNA transportAtaxin-2Homo sapiens (human)
[Information is prepared from geneontology information from the June-17-2024 release]

Molecular Functions (122)

Processvia Protein(s)Taxonomy
methylumbelliferyl-acetate deacetylase activityCocaine esteraseHomo sapiens (human)
carboxylesterase activityCocaine esteraseHomo sapiens (human)
carboxylic ester hydrolase activityCocaine esteraseHomo sapiens (human)
ATP bindingATP-binding cassette sub-family C member 3Homo sapiens (human)
ABC-type xenobiotic transporter activityATP-binding cassette sub-family C member 3Homo sapiens (human)
glucuronoside transmembrane transporter activityATP-binding cassette sub-family C member 3Homo sapiens (human)
ABC-type glutathione S-conjugate transporter activityATP-binding cassette sub-family C member 3Homo sapiens (human)
ABC-type bile acid transporter activityATP-binding cassette sub-family C member 3Homo sapiens (human)
ATP hydrolysis activityATP-binding cassette sub-family C member 3Homo sapiens (human)
ATPase-coupled transmembrane transporter activityATP-binding cassette sub-family C member 3Homo sapiens (human)
xenobiotic transmembrane transporter activityATP-binding cassette sub-family C member 3Homo sapiens (human)
ATPase-coupled inorganic anion transmembrane transporter activityATP-binding cassette sub-family C member 3Homo sapiens (human)
icosanoid transmembrane transporter activityATP-binding cassette sub-family C member 3Homo sapiens (human)
ABC-type transporter activityATP-binding cassette sub-family C member 3Homo sapiens (human)
guanine nucleotide transmembrane transporter activityMultidrug resistance-associated protein 4Homo sapiens (human)
protein bindingMultidrug resistance-associated protein 4Homo sapiens (human)
ATP bindingMultidrug resistance-associated protein 4Homo sapiens (human)
ABC-type xenobiotic transporter activityMultidrug resistance-associated protein 4Homo sapiens (human)
prostaglandin transmembrane transporter activityMultidrug resistance-associated protein 4Homo sapiens (human)
urate transmembrane transporter activityMultidrug resistance-associated protein 4Homo sapiens (human)
purine nucleotide transmembrane transporter activityMultidrug resistance-associated protein 4Homo sapiens (human)
ABC-type glutathione S-conjugate transporter activityMultidrug resistance-associated protein 4Homo sapiens (human)
ABC-type bile acid transporter activityMultidrug resistance-associated protein 4Homo sapiens (human)
efflux transmembrane transporter activityMultidrug resistance-associated protein 4Homo sapiens (human)
15-hydroxyprostaglandin dehydrogenase (NAD+) activityMultidrug resistance-associated protein 4Homo sapiens (human)
ATP hydrolysis activityMultidrug resistance-associated protein 4Homo sapiens (human)
glutathione transmembrane transporter activityMultidrug resistance-associated protein 4Homo sapiens (human)
ATPase-coupled transmembrane transporter activityMultidrug resistance-associated protein 4Homo sapiens (human)
xenobiotic transmembrane transporter activityMultidrug resistance-associated protein 4Homo sapiens (human)
ATPase-coupled inorganic anion transmembrane transporter activityMultidrug resistance-associated protein 4Homo sapiens (human)
ABC-type transporter activityMultidrug resistance-associated protein 4Homo sapiens (human)
protein bindingBile salt export pumpHomo sapiens (human)
ATP bindingBile salt export pumpHomo sapiens (human)
ABC-type xenobiotic transporter activityBile salt export pumpHomo sapiens (human)
bile acid transmembrane transporter activityBile salt export pumpHomo sapiens (human)
canalicular bile acid transmembrane transporter activityBile salt export pumpHomo sapiens (human)
carbohydrate transmembrane transporter activityBile salt export pumpHomo sapiens (human)
ABC-type bile acid transporter activityBile salt export pumpHomo sapiens (human)
ATP hydrolysis activityBile salt export pumpHomo sapiens (human)
cytokine activityInterferon betaHomo sapiens (human)
cytokine receptor bindingInterferon betaHomo sapiens (human)
type I interferon receptor bindingInterferon betaHomo sapiens (human)
protein bindingInterferon betaHomo sapiens (human)
chloramphenicol O-acetyltransferase activityInterferon betaHomo sapiens (human)
TAP bindingHLA class I histocompatibility antigen, B alpha chain Homo sapiens (human)
signaling receptor bindingHLA class I histocompatibility antigen, B alpha chain Homo sapiens (human)
protein bindingHLA class I histocompatibility antigen, B alpha chain Homo sapiens (human)
peptide antigen bindingHLA class I histocompatibility antigen, B alpha chain Homo sapiens (human)
TAP bindingHLA class I histocompatibility antigen, B alpha chain Homo sapiens (human)
protein-folding chaperone bindingHLA class I histocompatibility antigen, B alpha chain Homo sapiens (human)
transcription cis-regulatory region bindingCellular tumor antigen p53Homo sapiens (human)
RNA polymerase II cis-regulatory region sequence-specific DNA bindingCellular tumor antigen p53Homo sapiens (human)
DNA-binding transcription factor activity, RNA polymerase II-specificCellular tumor antigen p53Homo sapiens (human)
cis-regulatory region sequence-specific DNA bindingCellular tumor antigen p53Homo sapiens (human)
core promoter sequence-specific DNA bindingCellular tumor antigen p53Homo sapiens (human)
TFIID-class transcription factor complex bindingCellular tumor antigen p53Homo sapiens (human)
DNA-binding transcription repressor activity, RNA polymerase II-specificCellular tumor antigen p53Homo sapiens (human)
DNA-binding transcription activator activity, RNA polymerase II-specificCellular tumor antigen p53Homo sapiens (human)
protease bindingCellular tumor antigen p53Homo sapiens (human)
p53 bindingCellular tumor antigen p53Homo sapiens (human)
DNA bindingCellular tumor antigen p53Homo sapiens (human)
chromatin bindingCellular tumor antigen p53Homo sapiens (human)
DNA-binding transcription factor activityCellular tumor antigen p53Homo sapiens (human)
mRNA 3'-UTR bindingCellular tumor antigen p53Homo sapiens (human)
copper ion bindingCellular tumor antigen p53Homo sapiens (human)
protein bindingCellular tumor antigen p53Homo sapiens (human)
zinc ion bindingCellular tumor antigen p53Homo sapiens (human)
enzyme bindingCellular tumor antigen p53Homo sapiens (human)
receptor tyrosine kinase bindingCellular tumor antigen p53Homo sapiens (human)
ubiquitin protein ligase bindingCellular tumor antigen p53Homo sapiens (human)
histone deacetylase regulator activityCellular tumor antigen p53Homo sapiens (human)
ATP-dependent DNA/DNA annealing activityCellular tumor antigen p53Homo sapiens (human)
identical protein bindingCellular tumor antigen p53Homo sapiens (human)
histone deacetylase bindingCellular tumor antigen p53Homo sapiens (human)
protein heterodimerization activityCellular tumor antigen p53Homo sapiens (human)
protein-folding chaperone bindingCellular tumor antigen p53Homo sapiens (human)
protein phosphatase 2A bindingCellular tumor antigen p53Homo sapiens (human)
RNA polymerase II-specific DNA-binding transcription factor bindingCellular tumor antigen p53Homo sapiens (human)
14-3-3 protein bindingCellular tumor antigen p53Homo sapiens (human)
MDM2/MDM4 family protein bindingCellular tumor antigen p53Homo sapiens (human)
disordered domain specific bindingCellular tumor antigen p53Homo sapiens (human)
general transcription initiation factor bindingCellular tumor antigen p53Homo sapiens (human)
molecular function activator activityCellular tumor antigen p53Homo sapiens (human)
promoter-specific chromatin bindingCellular tumor antigen p53Homo sapiens (human)
transcription cis-regulatory region bindingAndrogen receptorHomo sapiens (human)
RNA polymerase II cis-regulatory region sequence-specific DNA bindingAndrogen receptorHomo sapiens (human)
DNA-binding transcription factor activity, RNA polymerase II-specificAndrogen receptorHomo sapiens (human)
RNA polymerase II general transcription initiation factor bindingAndrogen receptorHomo sapiens (human)
transcription coactivator bindingAndrogen receptorHomo sapiens (human)
DNA-binding transcription activator activity, RNA polymerase II-specificAndrogen receptorHomo sapiens (human)
chromatin bindingAndrogen receptorHomo sapiens (human)
DNA-binding transcription factor activityAndrogen receptorHomo sapiens (human)
nuclear receptor activityAndrogen receptorHomo sapiens (human)
G protein-coupled receptor activityAndrogen receptorHomo sapiens (human)
signaling receptor bindingAndrogen receptorHomo sapiens (human)
steroid bindingAndrogen receptorHomo sapiens (human)
androgen bindingAndrogen receptorHomo sapiens (human)
protein bindingAndrogen receptorHomo sapiens (human)
beta-catenin bindingAndrogen receptorHomo sapiens (human)
zinc ion bindingAndrogen receptorHomo sapiens (human)
enzyme bindingAndrogen receptorHomo sapiens (human)
ATPase bindingAndrogen receptorHomo sapiens (human)
molecular adaptor activityAndrogen receptorHomo sapiens (human)
RNA polymerase II-specific DNA-binding transcription factor bindingAndrogen receptorHomo sapiens (human)
POU domain bindingAndrogen receptorHomo sapiens (human)
molecular condensate scaffold activityAndrogen receptorHomo sapiens (human)
estrogen response element bindingAndrogen receptorHomo sapiens (human)
catalytic activityArylacetamide deacetylaseHomo sapiens (human)
triglyceride lipase activityArylacetamide deacetylaseHomo sapiens (human)
protein bindingArylacetamide deacetylaseHomo sapiens (human)
lipase activityArylacetamide deacetylaseHomo sapiens (human)
serine hydrolase activityArylacetamide deacetylaseHomo sapiens (human)
deacetylase activityArylacetamide deacetylaseHomo sapiens (human)
fatty acid bindingAlpha-synucleinHomo sapiens (human)
phospholipase D inhibitor activityAlpha-synucleinHomo sapiens (human)
SNARE bindingAlpha-synucleinHomo sapiens (human)
magnesium ion bindingAlpha-synucleinHomo sapiens (human)
transcription cis-regulatory region bindingAlpha-synucleinHomo sapiens (human)
actin bindingAlpha-synucleinHomo sapiens (human)
protein kinase inhibitor activityAlpha-synucleinHomo sapiens (human)
copper ion bindingAlpha-synucleinHomo sapiens (human)
calcium ion bindingAlpha-synucleinHomo sapiens (human)
protein bindingAlpha-synucleinHomo sapiens (human)
phospholipid bindingAlpha-synucleinHomo sapiens (human)
ferrous iron bindingAlpha-synucleinHomo sapiens (human)
zinc ion bindingAlpha-synucleinHomo sapiens (human)
lipid bindingAlpha-synucleinHomo sapiens (human)
oxidoreductase activityAlpha-synucleinHomo sapiens (human)
kinesin bindingAlpha-synucleinHomo sapiens (human)
Hsp70 protein bindingAlpha-synucleinHomo sapiens (human)
histone bindingAlpha-synucleinHomo sapiens (human)
identical protein bindingAlpha-synucleinHomo sapiens (human)
alpha-tubulin bindingAlpha-synucleinHomo sapiens (human)
cysteine-type endopeptidase inhibitor activity involved in apoptotic processAlpha-synucleinHomo sapiens (human)
tau protein bindingAlpha-synucleinHomo sapiens (human)
phosphoprotein bindingAlpha-synucleinHomo sapiens (human)
molecular adaptor activityAlpha-synucleinHomo sapiens (human)
dynein complex bindingAlpha-synucleinHomo sapiens (human)
cuprous ion bindingAlpha-synucleinHomo sapiens (human)
histamine receptor activity5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 6Homo sapiens (human)
protein binding5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 6Homo sapiens (human)
neurotransmitter receptor activity5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 6Homo sapiens (human)
G protein-coupled serotonin receptor activity5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 6Homo sapiens (human)
RNA polymerase II cis-regulatory region sequence-specific DNA bindingNuclear receptor ROR-gammaHomo sapiens (human)
DNA-binding transcription factor activity, RNA polymerase II-specificNuclear receptor ROR-gammaHomo sapiens (human)
DNA-binding transcription repressor activity, RNA polymerase II-specificNuclear receptor ROR-gammaHomo sapiens (human)
DNA-binding transcription factor activityNuclear receptor ROR-gammaHomo sapiens (human)
protein bindingNuclear receptor ROR-gammaHomo sapiens (human)
oxysterol bindingNuclear receptor ROR-gammaHomo sapiens (human)
zinc ion bindingNuclear receptor ROR-gammaHomo sapiens (human)
ligand-activated transcription factor activityNuclear receptor ROR-gammaHomo sapiens (human)
sequence-specific double-stranded DNA bindingNuclear receptor ROR-gammaHomo sapiens (human)
nuclear receptor activityNuclear receptor ROR-gammaHomo sapiens (human)
inositol-1,3,4,5,6-pentakisphosphate kinase activityInositol hexakisphosphate kinase 1Homo sapiens (human)
inositol hexakisphosphate kinase activityInositol hexakisphosphate kinase 1Homo sapiens (human)
inositol heptakisphosphate kinase activityInositol hexakisphosphate kinase 1Homo sapiens (human)
inositol hexakisphosphate 5-kinase activityInositol hexakisphosphate kinase 1Homo sapiens (human)
protein bindingInositol hexakisphosphate kinase 1Homo sapiens (human)
ATP bindingInositol hexakisphosphate kinase 1Homo sapiens (human)
inositol hexakisphosphate 1-kinase activityInositol hexakisphosphate kinase 1Homo sapiens (human)
inositol hexakisphosphate 3-kinase activityInositol hexakisphosphate kinase 1Homo sapiens (human)
inositol 5-diphosphate pentakisphosphate 5-kinase activityInositol hexakisphosphate kinase 1Homo sapiens (human)
inositol diphosphate tetrakisphosphate kinase activityInositol hexakisphosphate kinase 1Homo sapiens (human)
protein bindingCanalicular multispecific organic anion transporter 1Homo sapiens (human)
ATP bindingCanalicular multispecific organic anion transporter 1Homo sapiens (human)
organic anion transmembrane transporter activityCanalicular multispecific organic anion transporter 1Homo sapiens (human)
ABC-type xenobiotic transporter activityCanalicular multispecific organic anion transporter 1Homo sapiens (human)
bilirubin transmembrane transporter activityCanalicular multispecific organic anion transporter 1Homo sapiens (human)
ABC-type glutathione S-conjugate transporter activityCanalicular multispecific organic anion transporter 1Homo sapiens (human)
ATP hydrolysis activityCanalicular multispecific organic anion transporter 1Homo sapiens (human)
ATPase-coupled transmembrane transporter activityCanalicular multispecific organic anion transporter 1Homo sapiens (human)
xenobiotic transmembrane transporter activityCanalicular multispecific organic anion transporter 1Homo sapiens (human)
ATPase-coupled inorganic anion transmembrane transporter activityCanalicular multispecific organic anion transporter 1Homo sapiens (human)
ABC-type transporter activityCanalicular multispecific organic anion transporter 1Homo sapiens (human)
protein bindingATPase family AAA domain-containing protein 5Homo sapiens (human)
ATP bindingATPase family AAA domain-containing protein 5Homo sapiens (human)
ATP hydrolysis activityATPase family AAA domain-containing protein 5Homo sapiens (human)
DNA clamp unloader activityATPase family AAA domain-containing protein 5Homo sapiens (human)
DNA bindingATPase family AAA domain-containing protein 5Homo sapiens (human)
RNA bindingAtaxin-2Homo sapiens (human)
epidermal growth factor receptor bindingAtaxin-2Homo sapiens (human)
protein bindingAtaxin-2Homo sapiens (human)
mRNA bindingAtaxin-2Homo sapiens (human)
[Information is prepared from geneontology information from the June-17-2024 release]

Ceullar Components (70)

Processvia Protein(s)Taxonomy
endoplasmic reticulumCocaine esteraseHomo sapiens (human)
endoplasmic reticulum lumenCocaine esteraseHomo sapiens (human)
intracellular membrane-bounded organelleCocaine esteraseHomo sapiens (human)
plasma membraneATP-binding cassette sub-family C member 3Homo sapiens (human)
basal plasma membraneATP-binding cassette sub-family C member 3Homo sapiens (human)
basolateral plasma membraneATP-binding cassette sub-family C member 3Homo sapiens (human)
membraneATP-binding cassette sub-family C member 3Homo sapiens (human)
nucleolusMultidrug resistance-associated protein 4Homo sapiens (human)
Golgi apparatusMultidrug resistance-associated protein 4Homo sapiens (human)
plasma membraneMultidrug resistance-associated protein 4Homo sapiens (human)
membraneMultidrug resistance-associated protein 4Homo sapiens (human)
basolateral plasma membraneMultidrug resistance-associated protein 4Homo sapiens (human)
apical plasma membraneMultidrug resistance-associated protein 4Homo sapiens (human)
platelet dense granule membraneMultidrug resistance-associated protein 4Homo sapiens (human)
external side of apical plasma membraneMultidrug resistance-associated protein 4Homo sapiens (human)
plasma membraneMultidrug resistance-associated protein 4Homo sapiens (human)
basolateral plasma membraneBile salt export pumpHomo sapiens (human)
Golgi membraneBile salt export pumpHomo sapiens (human)
endosomeBile salt export pumpHomo sapiens (human)
plasma membraneBile salt export pumpHomo sapiens (human)
cell surfaceBile salt export pumpHomo sapiens (human)
apical plasma membraneBile salt export pumpHomo sapiens (human)
intercellular canaliculusBile salt export pumpHomo sapiens (human)
intracellular canaliculusBile salt export pumpHomo sapiens (human)
recycling endosomeBile salt export pumpHomo sapiens (human)
recycling endosome membraneBile salt export pumpHomo sapiens (human)
extracellular exosomeBile salt export pumpHomo sapiens (human)
membraneBile salt export pumpHomo sapiens (human)
extracellular spaceInterferon betaHomo sapiens (human)
extracellular regionInterferon betaHomo sapiens (human)
Golgi membraneHLA class I histocompatibility antigen, B alpha chain Homo sapiens (human)
endoplasmic reticulumHLA class I histocompatibility antigen, B alpha chain Homo sapiens (human)
Golgi apparatusHLA class I histocompatibility antigen, B alpha chain Homo sapiens (human)
plasma membraneHLA class I histocompatibility antigen, B alpha chain Homo sapiens (human)
cell surfaceHLA class I histocompatibility antigen, B alpha chain Homo sapiens (human)
ER to Golgi transport vesicle membraneHLA class I histocompatibility antigen, B alpha chain Homo sapiens (human)
membraneHLA class I histocompatibility antigen, B alpha chain Homo sapiens (human)
secretory granule membraneHLA class I histocompatibility antigen, B alpha chain Homo sapiens (human)
phagocytic vesicle membraneHLA class I histocompatibility antigen, B alpha chain Homo sapiens (human)
early endosome membraneHLA class I histocompatibility antigen, B alpha chain Homo sapiens (human)
recycling endosome membraneHLA class I histocompatibility antigen, B alpha chain Homo sapiens (human)
extracellular exosomeHLA class I histocompatibility antigen, B alpha chain Homo sapiens (human)
lumenal side of endoplasmic reticulum membraneHLA class I histocompatibility antigen, B alpha chain Homo sapiens (human)
MHC class I protein complexHLA class I histocompatibility antigen, B alpha chain Homo sapiens (human)
extracellular spaceHLA class I histocompatibility antigen, B alpha chain Homo sapiens (human)
external side of plasma membraneHLA class I histocompatibility antigen, B alpha chain Homo sapiens (human)
nuclear bodyCellular tumor antigen p53Homo sapiens (human)
nucleusCellular tumor antigen p53Homo sapiens (human)
nucleoplasmCellular tumor antigen p53Homo sapiens (human)
replication forkCellular tumor antigen p53Homo sapiens (human)
nucleolusCellular tumor antigen p53Homo sapiens (human)
cytoplasmCellular tumor antigen p53Homo sapiens (human)
mitochondrionCellular tumor antigen p53Homo sapiens (human)
mitochondrial matrixCellular tumor antigen p53Homo sapiens (human)
endoplasmic reticulumCellular tumor antigen p53Homo sapiens (human)
centrosomeCellular tumor antigen p53Homo sapiens (human)
cytosolCellular tumor antigen p53Homo sapiens (human)
nuclear matrixCellular tumor antigen p53Homo sapiens (human)
PML bodyCellular tumor antigen p53Homo sapiens (human)
transcription repressor complexCellular tumor antigen p53Homo sapiens (human)
site of double-strand breakCellular tumor antigen p53Homo sapiens (human)
germ cell nucleusCellular tumor antigen p53Homo sapiens (human)
chromatinCellular tumor antigen p53Homo sapiens (human)
transcription regulator complexCellular tumor antigen p53Homo sapiens (human)
protein-containing complexCellular tumor antigen p53Homo sapiens (human)
plasma membraneAndrogen receptorHomo sapiens (human)
nucleusAndrogen receptorHomo sapiens (human)
nucleoplasmAndrogen receptorHomo sapiens (human)
cytoplasmAndrogen receptorHomo sapiens (human)
cytosolAndrogen receptorHomo sapiens (human)
nuclear speckAndrogen receptorHomo sapiens (human)
chromatinAndrogen receptorHomo sapiens (human)
protein-containing complexAndrogen receptorHomo sapiens (human)
nucleusAndrogen receptorHomo sapiens (human)
plasma membraneGamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit gamma-2Rattus norvegicus (Norway rat)
plasma membraneGlutamate receptor 2Rattus norvegicus (Norway rat)
endoplasmic reticulum membraneArylacetamide deacetylaseHomo sapiens (human)
endoplasmic reticulum membraneArylacetamide deacetylaseHomo sapiens (human)
platelet alpha granule membraneAlpha-synucleinHomo sapiens (human)
extracellular regionAlpha-synucleinHomo sapiens (human)
extracellular spaceAlpha-synucleinHomo sapiens (human)
nucleusAlpha-synucleinHomo sapiens (human)
cytoplasmAlpha-synucleinHomo sapiens (human)
mitochondrionAlpha-synucleinHomo sapiens (human)
lysosomeAlpha-synucleinHomo sapiens (human)
cytosolAlpha-synucleinHomo sapiens (human)
plasma membraneAlpha-synucleinHomo sapiens (human)
cell cortexAlpha-synucleinHomo sapiens (human)
actin cytoskeletonAlpha-synucleinHomo sapiens (human)
membraneAlpha-synucleinHomo sapiens (human)
inclusion bodyAlpha-synucleinHomo sapiens (human)
axonAlpha-synucleinHomo sapiens (human)
growth coneAlpha-synucleinHomo sapiens (human)
synaptic vesicle membraneAlpha-synucleinHomo sapiens (human)
perinuclear region of cytoplasmAlpha-synucleinHomo sapiens (human)
postsynapseAlpha-synucleinHomo sapiens (human)
supramolecular fiberAlpha-synucleinHomo sapiens (human)
protein-containing complexAlpha-synucleinHomo sapiens (human)
cytoplasmAlpha-synucleinHomo sapiens (human)
axon terminusAlpha-synucleinHomo sapiens (human)
neuronal cell bodyAlpha-synucleinHomo sapiens (human)
plasma membrane5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 6Homo sapiens (human)
cilium5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 6Homo sapiens (human)
synapse5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 6Homo sapiens (human)
dendrite5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 6Homo sapiens (human)
plasma membrane5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 6Homo sapiens (human)
nucleusNuclear receptor ROR-gammaHomo sapiens (human)
nucleoplasmNuclear receptor ROR-gammaHomo sapiens (human)
nuclear bodyNuclear receptor ROR-gammaHomo sapiens (human)
chromatinNuclear receptor ROR-gammaHomo sapiens (human)
nucleusNuclear receptor ROR-gammaHomo sapiens (human)
virion membraneSpike glycoproteinSevere acute respiratory syndrome-related coronavirus
plasma membraneGamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit alpha-1Rattus norvegicus (Norway rat)
plasma membraneGamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit beta-2Rattus norvegicus (Norway rat)
fibrillar centerInositol hexakisphosphate kinase 1Homo sapiens (human)
nucleoplasmInositol hexakisphosphate kinase 1Homo sapiens (human)
cytosolInositol hexakisphosphate kinase 1Homo sapiens (human)
nucleusInositol hexakisphosphate kinase 1Homo sapiens (human)
cytoplasmInositol hexakisphosphate kinase 1Homo sapiens (human)
plasma membraneCanalicular multispecific organic anion transporter 1Homo sapiens (human)
cell surfaceCanalicular multispecific organic anion transporter 1Homo sapiens (human)
apical plasma membraneCanalicular multispecific organic anion transporter 1Homo sapiens (human)
intercellular canaliculusCanalicular multispecific organic anion transporter 1Homo sapiens (human)
apical plasma membraneCanalicular multispecific organic anion transporter 1Homo sapiens (human)
Elg1 RFC-like complexATPase family AAA domain-containing protein 5Homo sapiens (human)
nucleusATPase family AAA domain-containing protein 5Homo sapiens (human)
cytoplasmAtaxin-2Homo sapiens (human)
Golgi apparatusAtaxin-2Homo sapiens (human)
trans-Golgi networkAtaxin-2Homo sapiens (human)
cytosolAtaxin-2Homo sapiens (human)
cytoplasmic stress granuleAtaxin-2Homo sapiens (human)
membraneAtaxin-2Homo sapiens (human)
perinuclear region of cytoplasmAtaxin-2Homo sapiens (human)
ribonucleoprotein complexAtaxin-2Homo sapiens (human)
cytoplasmic stress granuleAtaxin-2Homo sapiens (human)
[Information is prepared from geneontology information from the June-17-2024 release]

Bioassays (457)

Assay IDTitleYearJournalArticle
AID1347410qHTS for inhibitors of adenylyl cyclases using a fission yeast platform: a pilot screen against the NCATS LOPAC library2019Cellular signalling, 08, Volume: 60A fission yeast platform for heterologous expression of mammalian adenylyl cyclases and high throughput screening.
AID1347082qHTS for Inhibitors of the Functional Ribonucleoprotein Complex (vRNP) of Lassa (LASV) Arenavirus: LASV Primary Screen - GLuc reporter signal2020Antiviral research, 01, Volume: 173A cell-based, infectious-free, platform to identify inhibitors of lassa virus ribonucleoprotein (vRNP) activity.
AID588378qHTS for Inhibitors of ATXN expression: Validation
AID1347405qHTS to identify inhibitors of the type 1 interferon - major histocompatibility complex class I in skeletal muscle: primary screen against the NCATS LOPAC collection2020ACS chemical biology, 07-17, Volume: 15, Issue:7
High-Throughput Screening to Identify Inhibitors of the Type I Interferon-Major Histocompatibility Complex Class I Pathway in Skeletal Muscle.
AID1508630Primary qHTS for small molecule stabilizers of the endoplasmic reticulum resident proteome: Secreted ER Calcium Modulated Protein (SERCaMP) assay2021Cell reports, 04-27, Volume: 35, Issue:4
A target-agnostic screen identifies approved drugs to stabilize the endoplasmic reticulum-resident proteome.
AID1347057CD47-SIRPalpha protein protein interaction - LANCE assay qHTS validation2019PloS one, , Volume: 14, Issue:7
Quantitative high-throughput screening assays for the discovery and development of SIRPα-CD47 interaction inhibitors.
AID1347058CD47-SIRPalpha protein protein interaction - HTRF assay qHTS validation2019PloS one, , Volume: 14, Issue:7
Quantitative high-throughput screening assays for the discovery and development of SIRPα-CD47 interaction inhibitors.
AID1347050Natriuretic polypeptide receptor (hNpr2) antagonism - Pilot subtype selectivity assay2019Science translational medicine, 07-10, Volume: 11, Issue:500
Inhibition of natriuretic peptide receptor 1 reduces itch in mice.
AID1347059CD47-SIRPalpha protein protein interaction - Alpha assay qHTS validation2019PloS one, , Volume: 14, Issue:7
Quantitative high-throughput screening assays for the discovery and development of SIRPα-CD47 interaction inhibitors.
AID1347151Optimization of GU AMC qHTS for Zika virus inhibitors: Unlinked NS2B-NS3 protease assay2020Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, 12-08, Volume: 117, Issue:49
Therapeutic candidates for the Zika virus identified by a high-throughput screen for Zika protease inhibitors.
AID504810Antagonists of the Thyroid Stimulating Hormone Receptor: HTS campaign2010Endocrinology, Jul, Volume: 151, Issue:7
A small molecule inverse agonist for the human thyroid-stimulating hormone receptor.
AID1347083qHTS for Inhibitors of the Functional Ribonucleoprotein Complex (vRNP) of Lassa (LASV) Arenavirus: Viability assay - alamar blue signal for LASV Primary Screen2020Antiviral research, 01, Volume: 173A cell-based, infectious-free, platform to identify inhibitors of lassa virus ribonucleoprotein (vRNP) activity.
AID588349qHTS for Inhibitors of ATXN expression: Validation of Cytotoxic Assay
AID1347049Natriuretic polypeptide receptor (hNpr1) antagonism - Pilot screen2019Science translational medicine, 07-10, Volume: 11, Issue:500
Inhibition of natriuretic peptide receptor 1 reduces itch in mice.
AID1347086qHTS for Inhibitors of the Functional Ribonucleoprotein Complex (vRNP) of Lymphocytic Choriomeningitis Arenaviruses (LCMV): LCMV Primary Screen - GLuc reporter signal2020Antiviral research, 01, Volume: 173A cell-based, infectious-free, platform to identify inhibitors of lassa virus ribonucleoprotein (vRNP) activity.
AID1347045Natriuretic polypeptide receptor (hNpr1) antagonism - Pilot counterscreen GloSensor control cell line2019Science translational medicine, 07-10, Volume: 11, Issue:500
Inhibition of natriuretic peptide receptor 1 reduces itch in mice.
AID504836Inducers of the Endoplasmic Reticulum Stress Response (ERSR) in human glioma: Validation2002The Journal of biological chemistry, Apr-19, Volume: 277, Issue:16
Sustained ER Ca2+ depletion suppresses protein synthesis and induces activation-enhanced cell death in mast cells.
AID504812Inverse Agonists of the Thyroid Stimulating Hormone Receptor: HTS campaign2010Endocrinology, Jul, Volume: 151, Issue:7
A small molecule inverse agonist for the human thyroid-stimulating hormone receptor.
AID496827Antimicrobial activity against Leishmania amazonensis2010Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry, Mar-15, Volume: 18, Issue:6
Multi-target spectral moment QSAR versus ANN for antiparasitic drugs against different parasite species.
AID1210939Activity of AADAC in mouse kidney microsome2012Drug metabolism and disposition: the biological fate of chemicals, Apr, Volume: 40, Issue:4
Species differences in tissue distribution and enzyme activities of arylacetamide deacetylase in human, rat, and mouse.
AID1288880Drug excretion in urine of patient (6 patients) with renal insufficiency at 250 mg, po administered as single dose by gas chromatography1999British journal of clinical pharmacology, Jan, Volume: 47, Issue:1
Pharmacokinetics of flutamide in patients with renal insufficiency.
AID1288894AUC (0 to 24 hrs) in patient (7 patients) with renal insufficiency at 250 mg, po administered as single dose by gas chromatography1999British journal of clinical pharmacology, Jan, Volume: 47, Issue:1
Pharmacokinetics of flutamide in patients with renal insufficiency.
AID1443992Total Cmax in human administered as single dose2014Hepatology (Baltimore, Md.), Sep, Volume: 60, Issue:3
Human drug-induced liver injury severity is highly associated with dual inhibition of liver mitochondrial function and bile salt export pump.
AID1210936Activity of mouse recombinant AADAC2012Drug metabolism and disposition: the biological fate of chemicals, Apr, Volume: 40, Issue:4
Species differences in tissue distribution and enzyme activities of arylacetamide deacetylase in human, rat, and mouse.
AID106804Compound was tested for the inhibition of malate dehydrogenase (MDH) at 100 uM2003Journal of medicinal chemistry, Oct-09, Volume: 46, Issue:21
Identification and prediction of promiscuous aggregating inhibitors among known drugs.
AID625288Drug Induced Liver Injury Prediction System (DILIps) training set; hepatic side effect (HepSE) score for jaundice2011PLoS computational biology, Dec, Volume: 7, Issue:12
Translating clinical findings into knowledge in drug safety evaluation--drug induced liver injury prediction system (DILIps).
AID1210932Intrinsic clearance in rat Liver microsome at 0.025 to 0.75 mM2012Drug metabolism and disposition: the biological fate of chemicals, Apr, Volume: 40, Issue:4
Species differences in tissue distribution and enzyme activities of arylacetamide deacetylase in human, rat, and mouse.
AID1210930Activity of AADAC in rat lung microsome2012Drug metabolism and disposition: the biological fate of chemicals, Apr, Volume: 40, Issue:4
Species differences in tissue distribution and enzyme activities of arylacetamide deacetylase in human, rat, and mouse.
AID554090Anticancer activity against human LNCAP cells assessed as change in PSA gene expression at 10 umol after 48 hrs by RT-PCR analysis relative to control2011Journal of medicinal chemistry, Jan-13, Volume: 54, Issue:1
Arylpiperazines for management of benign prostatic hyperplasia: design, synthesis, quantitative structure-activity relationships, and pharmacokinetic studies.
AID1288906Final time point in terminal phase in patient (7 patients) with renal insufficiency assessed as hydroxy flutamide at 250 mg, po administered as single dose by gas chromatography1999British journal of clinical pharmacology, Jan, Volume: 47, Issue:1
Pharmacokinetics of flutamide in patients with renal insufficiency.
AID1288944Drug excretion in urine of patient (4 patients) with renal insufficiency assessed as hydroxy flutamide at 250 mg, po administered as single dose by gas chromatography1999British journal of clinical pharmacology, Jan, Volume: 47, Issue:1
Pharmacokinetics of flutamide in patients with renal insufficiency.
AID404304Effect on human MRP2-mediated estradiol-17-beta-glucuronide transport in Sf9 cells inverted membrane vesicles relative to control2008Journal of medicinal chemistry, Jun-12, Volume: 51, Issue:11
Prediction and identification of drug interactions with the human ATP-binding cassette transporter multidrug-resistance associated protein 2 (MRP2; ABCC2).
AID242071In vitro inhibitory concentration against Cytochrome P450 17 expressed in E. coli; - = not determined2005Journal of medicinal chemistry, Apr-21, Volume: 48, Issue:8
Novel C-17-heteroaryl steroidal CYP17 inhibitors/antiandrogens: synthesis, in vitro biological activity, pharmacokinetics, and antitumor activity in the LAPC4 human prostate cancer xenograft model.
AID1210918Activity of AADAC in human jejunum microsome2012Drug metabolism and disposition: the biological fate of chemicals, Apr, Volume: 40, Issue:4
Species differences in tissue distribution and enzyme activities of arylacetamide deacetylase in human, rat, and mouse.
AID1288887AUC (0 to infinity) in patient (6 patients) with renal insufficiency at 250 mg, po assessed as hydroxy flutamide administered as single dose by gas chromatography1999British journal of clinical pharmacology, Jan, Volume: 47, Issue:1
Pharmacokinetics of flutamide in patients with renal insufficiency.
AID43581Inhibition of beta-lactamase at 100 uM2003Journal of medicinal chemistry, Oct-09, Volume: 46, Issue:21
Identification and prediction of promiscuous aggregating inhibitors among known drugs.
AID1217706Time dependent inhibition of CYP2C9 (unknown origin) at 100 uM by LC/MS system2011Drug metabolism and disposition: the biological fate of chemicals, Jul, Volume: 39, Issue:7
Combination of GSH trapping and time-dependent inhibition assays as a predictive method of drugs generating highly reactive metabolites.
AID1288931AUC (0 to 96 hrs) in patient (4 patients) with renal insufficiency at 250 mg, po administered as single dose by gas chromatography1999British journal of clinical pharmacology, Jan, Volume: 47, Issue:1
Pharmacokinetics of flutamide in patients with renal insufficiency.
AID699541Inhibition of human liver OATP2B1 expressed in HEK293 Flp-In cells assessed as reduction in [3H]E3S uptake at 20 uM incubated for 5 mins by scintillation counting2012Journal of medicinal chemistry, May-24, Volume: 55, Issue:10
Classification of inhibitors of hepatic organic anion transporting polypeptides (OATPs): influence of protein expression on drug-drug interactions.
AID1636373Drug activation in human Hep3B cells assessed as human CYP3A4-mediated drug metabolism-induced cytotoxicity measured as decrease in cell viability at 90.1 uM pre-incubated with BSO for 18 hrs followed by incubation with compound for 3 hrs in presence of N2016Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters, 08-15, Volume: 26, Issue:16
Development of a cell viability assay to assess drug metabolite structure-toxicity relationships.
AID1288937Tmax in patient (4 patients) with renal insufficiency assessed as hydroxy flutamide at 250 mg, po administered as single dose by gas chromatography1999British journal of clinical pharmacology, Jan, Volume: 47, Issue:1
Pharmacokinetics of flutamide in patients with renal insufficiency.
AID625283Drug Induced Liver Injury Prediction System (DILIps) training set; hepatic side effect (HepSE) score for elevated liver function tests2011PLoS computational biology, Dec, Volume: 7, Issue:12
Translating clinical findings into knowledge in drug safety evaluation--drug induced liver injury prediction system (DILIps).
AID1220089Drug metabolism assessed as AADAC-mediated compound hydrolysis in human liver homogenates at 50 uM2012Drug metabolism and disposition: the biological fate of chemicals, Jun, Volume: 40, Issue:6
Contributions of arylacetamide deacetylase and carboxylesterase 2 to flutamide hydrolysis in human liver.
AID1210933Intrinsic clearance in rat jejunum microsome at 0.005 to 0.75 mM2012Drug metabolism and disposition: the biological fate of chemicals, Apr, Volume: 40, Issue:4
Species differences in tissue distribution and enzyme activities of arylacetamide deacetylase in human, rat, and mouse.
AID1288939AUC (0 to 96 hrs) in patient (4 patients) with renal insufficiency at 250 mg, po assessed as hydroxy flutamide administered as single dose by gas chromatography1999British journal of clinical pharmacology, Jan, Volume: 47, Issue:1
Pharmacokinetics of flutamide in patients with renal insufficiency.
AID588212Literature-mined compound from Fourches et al multi-species drug-induced liver injury (DILI) dataset, effect in rodents2010Chemical research in toxicology, Jan, Volume: 23, Issue:1
Cheminformatics analysis of assertions mined from literature that describe drug-induced liver injury in different species.
AID1288935Renal clearance in patient (4 patients) with renal insufficiency at 250 mg, po administered as single dose by gas chromatography1999British journal of clinical pharmacology, Jan, Volume: 47, Issue:1
Pharmacokinetics of flutamide in patients with renal insufficiency.
AID1288972Toxicity in patient with renal insufficiency assessed as dizziness at 250 mg, po administered as single dose1999British journal of clinical pharmacology, Jan, Volume: 47, Issue:1
Pharmacokinetics of flutamide in patients with renal insufficiency.
AID365467Displacement of [3H]DHT from GST-tagged human AR-LBD transfected in Escherichia coli HB-101 at 10 uM2008Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry, Sep-01, Volume: 16, Issue:17
Design and synthesis of carborane-containing androgen receptor (AR) antagonist bearing a pyridine ring.
AID1288907Terminal half life in patient (7 patients) with renal insufficiency assessed as hydroxy flutamide at 250 mg, po administered as single dose by gas chromatography1999British journal of clinical pharmacology, Jan, Volume: 47, Issue:1
Pharmacokinetics of flutamide in patients with renal insufficiency.
AID178165Effective dose for antiandrogen activity in rats1988Journal of medicinal chemistry, May, Volume: 31, Issue:5
Nonsteroidal antiandrogens. Synthesis and structure-activity relationships of 3-substituted derivatives of 2-hydroxypropionanilides.
AID670343Antiproliferative activity against androgen-dependent human LNCAP cells after 72 hrs by SRB assay2012Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry, Jul-01, Volume: 20, Issue:13
Antitumor agents 290. Design, synthesis, and biological evaluation of new LNCaP and PC-3 cytotoxic curcumin analogs conjugated with anti-androgens.
AID1079946Presence of at least one case with successful reintroduction. [column 'REINT' in source]
AID1288975Toxicity in patient with renal insufficiency assessed as level of lactic dehydrogenase at 250 mg, po administered as single dose (Rvb = 85 to 220 IU/l)1999British journal of clinical pharmacology, Jan, Volume: 47, Issue:1
Pharmacokinetics of flutamide in patients with renal insufficiency.
AID52790Inhibition of chymotrypsin at 250 uM2003Journal of medicinal chemistry, Oct-09, Volume: 46, Issue:21
Identification and prediction of promiscuous aggregating inhibitors among known drugs.
AID1288883Tmax in patient (6 patients) with renal insufficiency assessed as hydroxy flutamide at 250 mg, po administered as single dose by gas chromatography1999British journal of clinical pharmacology, Jan, Volume: 47, Issue:1
Pharmacokinetics of flutamide in patients with renal insufficiency.
AID588219FDA HLAED, gamma-glutamyl transferase (GGT) increase2004Current drug discovery technologies, Dec, Volume: 1, Issue:4
Assessment of the health effects of chemicals in humans: II. Construction of an adverse effects database for QSAR modeling.
AID190319Effect of compound on testosterone hormone level on 14-day dosing in intact rats1988Journal of medicinal chemistry, May, Volume: 31, Issue:5
Nonsteroidal antiandrogens. Synthesis and structure-activity relationships of 3-substituted derivatives of 2-hydroxypropionanilides.
AID1217705Time dependent inhibition of CYP2B6 (unknown origin) at 100 uM by LC/MS system2011Drug metabolism and disposition: the biological fate of chemicals, Jul, Volume: 39, Issue:7
Combination of GSH trapping and time-dependent inhibition assays as a predictive method of drugs generating highly reactive metabolites.
AID1079932Highest frequency of moderate liver toxicity observed during clinical trials, expressed as a percentage. [column '% BIOL' in source]
AID242058Displacement of [3H]R-1881 from Androgen receptor of LNCaP cells2005Journal of medicinal chemistry, Apr-21, Volume: 48, Issue:8
Novel C-17-heteroaryl steroidal CYP17 inhibitors/antiandrogens: synthesis, in vitro biological activity, pharmacokinetics, and antitumor activity in the LAPC4 human prostate cancer xenograft model.
AID184812Effect of compound on LH level on 14-day dosing in intact rats 25 mg/kg1988Journal of medicinal chemistry, May, Volume: 31, Issue:5
Nonsteroidal antiandrogens. Synthesis and structure-activity relationships of 3-substituted derivatives of 2-hydroxypropionanilides.
AID1449628Inhibition of human BSEP expressed in baculovirus transfected fall armyworm Sf21 cell membranes vesicles assessed as reduction in ATP-dependent [3H]-taurocholate transport into vesicles incubated for 5 mins by Topcount based rapid filtration method2012Drug metabolism and disposition: the biological fate of chemicals, Dec, Volume: 40, Issue:12
Mitigating the inhibition of human bile salt export pump by drugs: opportunities provided by physicochemical property modulation, in silico modeling, and structural modification.
AID1210938Activity of AADAC in mouse jejunum microsome2012Drug metabolism and disposition: the biological fate of chemicals, Apr, Volume: 40, Issue:4
Species differences in tissue distribution and enzyme activities of arylacetamide deacetylase in human, rat, and mouse.
AID1288892Cmax in patient (7 patients) with renal insufficiency at 250 mg, po administered as single dose by gas chromatography1999British journal of clinical pharmacology, Jan, Volume: 47, Issue:1
Pharmacokinetics of flutamide in patients with renal insufficiency.
AID1079939Cirrhosis, proven histopathologically. Value is number of references indexed. [column 'CIRRH' in source]
AID1661978Inhibition of TMPRSS2 mRNA expression in human 22Rv1 cells at 10 uM pre-incubated for 2 hrs before pregnenolone stimulation for 24 hrs by RT-qPCR analysis2020Journal of medicinal chemistry, 09-24, Volume: 63, Issue:18
Development of Novel AKR1C3 Inhibitors as New Potential Treatment for Castration-Resistant Prostate Cancer.
AID242086Displacement of [3H]R-1881 from Androgen receptor of PC3-AR cells2005Journal of medicinal chemistry, Apr-21, Volume: 48, Issue:8
Novel C-17-heteroaryl steroidal CYP17 inhibitors/antiandrogens: synthesis, in vitro biological activity, pharmacokinetics, and antitumor activity in the LAPC4 human prostate cancer xenograft model.
AID1210928Activity of AADAC in rat jejunum microsome2012Drug metabolism and disposition: the biological fate of chemicals, Apr, Volume: 40, Issue:4
Species differences in tissue distribution and enzyme activities of arylacetamide deacetylase in human, rat, and mouse.
AID1288929Tmax in patient (4 patients) with renal insufficiency at 250 mg, po administered as single dose by gas chromatography1999British journal of clinical pharmacology, Jan, Volume: 47, Issue:1
Pharmacokinetics of flutamide in patients with renal insufficiency.
AID1288971Half life in patient with renal insufficiency at 250 mg, po administered first dose followed by 14 days wash out period and administered second dose 4 hrs prior to hemodialysis day measured during hemodialysis treatment by gas chromatography1999British journal of clinical pharmacology, Jan, Volume: 47, Issue:1
Pharmacokinetics of flutamide in patients with renal insufficiency.
AID670344Antiproliferative activity against androgen-independent human PC3 cells after 72 hrs by SRB assay2012Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry, Jul-01, Volume: 20, Issue:13
Antitumor agents 290. Design, synthesis, and biological evaluation of new LNCaP and PC-3 cytotoxic curcumin analogs conjugated with anti-androgens.
AID176392Antiandrogenic activity as the dose required to inhibit testosterone propionate-induced rat ventral prostate weight gain in castrated immature rat by 50%.1990Journal of medicinal chemistry, Aug, Volume: 33, Issue:8
Antiandrogenic steroidal sulfonylpyrazoles.
AID1079947Comments (NB not yet translated). [column 'COMMENTAIRES' in source]
AID1288930AUC (0 to 24 hrs) in patient (4 patients) with renal insufficiency at 250 mg, po administered as single dose by gas chromatography1999British journal of clinical pharmacology, Jan, Volume: 47, Issue:1
Pharmacokinetics of flutamide in patients with renal insufficiency.
AID1288940AUClast in patient (4 patients) with renal insufficiency at 250 mg, po assessed as hydroxy flutamide administered as single dose by gas chromatography1999British journal of clinical pharmacology, Jan, Volume: 47, Issue:1
Pharmacokinetics of flutamide in patients with renal insufficiency.
AID1288946Cmax in patient (6 patients) with renal insufficiency at 250 mg, po administered as single dose 4 hrs prior to hemodialysis treatment measured at starting time of dialysis and post dialysis treatment by gas chromatography1999British journal of clinical pharmacology, Jan, Volume: 47, Issue:1
Pharmacokinetics of flutamide in patients with renal insufficiency.
AID1675853Anticancer activity against human U-251 cells assessed as inhibition of cell growth incubated for 48 hrs by MTT assay2020Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters, 11-01, Volume: 30, Issue:21
Synthesis of flutamide-conjugates.
AID1288897Final time point in terminal phase in patient (7 patients) with renal insufficiency at 250 mg, po administered as single dose by gas chromatography1999British journal of clinical pharmacology, Jan, Volume: 47, Issue:1
Pharmacokinetics of flutamide in patients with renal insufficiency.
AID1209456Inhibition of Sprague-Dawley rat Bsep expressed in plasma membrane vesicles of Sf21 cells assessed as inhibition of ATP-dependent [3H]taurocholate uptake2012Drug metabolism and disposition: the biological fate of chemicals, Jan, Volume: 40, Issue:1
In vitro inhibition of the bile salt export pump correlates with risk of cholestatic drug-induced liver injury in humans.
AID1688194Solubility of compound in PBS at pH 7.4 at 300 uM after 24 hrs by HPLC-UV analysis2020European journal of medicinal chemistry, Feb-15, Volume: 188Minor chemical modifications of the aminosteroid derivative RM-581 lead to major impact on its anticancer activity, metabolic stability and aqueous solubility.
AID496819Antimicrobial activity against Plasmodium falciparum2010Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry, Mar-15, Volume: 18, Issue:6
Multi-target spectral moment QSAR versus ANN for antiparasitic drugs against different parasite species.
AID699540Inhibition of human liver OATP1B3 expressed in HEK293 Flp-In cells assessed as reduction in [3H]E17-betaG uptake at 20 uM incubated for 5 mins by scintillation counting2012Journal of medicinal chemistry, May-24, Volume: 55, Issue:10
Classification of inhibitors of hepatic organic anion transporting polypeptides (OATPs): influence of protein expression on drug-drug interactions.
AID190320Effect of compound on testosterone hormone level on 14-day dosing in intact rats at 25 mg/kg.1988Journal of medicinal chemistry, May, Volume: 31, Issue:5
Nonsteroidal antiandrogens. Synthesis and structure-activity relationships of 3-substituted derivatives of 2-hydroxypropionanilides.
AID977599Inhibition of sodium fluorescein uptake in OATP1B1-transfected CHO cells at an equimolar substrate-inhibitor concentration of 10 uM2013Molecular pharmacology, Jun, Volume: 83, Issue:6
Structure-based identification of OATP1B1/3 inhibitors.
AID1220078Intrinsic clearance in human jejunum microsomes2012Drug metabolism and disposition: the biological fate of chemicals, Jun, Volume: 40, Issue:6
Contributions of arylacetamide deacetylase and carboxylesterase 2 to flutamide hydrolysis in human liver.
AID515859Antagonist activity at human androgen receptor expressed in human CV1 cells assessed as inhibition of receptor-mediated transactivation by MMTV-luciferase reporter gene assay2010Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry, Oct-01, Volume: 18, Issue:19
20-Aminosteroids as a novel class of selective and complete androgen receptor antagonists and inhibitors of prostate cancer cell growth.
AID1217711Metabolic activation in human liver microsomes assessed as [3H]GSH adduct formation rate measured per mg of protein at 100 uM by [3H]GSH trapping assay2011Drug metabolism and disposition: the biological fate of chemicals, Jul, Volume: 39, Issue:7
Combination of GSH trapping and time-dependent inhibition assays as a predictive method of drugs generating highly reactive metabolites.
AID1768873Anticancer activity against human H1299 cells assessed as inhibition of cell proliferation measured after 72 hrs by MTT assay2021Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry, 09-15, Volume: 46Design, synthesis, and antitumor activity evaluation of steroidal oximes.
AID445838Binding affinity to androgen receptor LBD T877A mutant in hamster DDT cells by scintillation counting2009Journal of medicinal chemistry, Nov-26, Volume: 52, Issue:22
Synthesis, structure-activity relationships, and characterization of novel nonsteroidal and selective androgen receptor modulators.
AID1443980Inhibition of human BSEP expressed in fall armyworm sf9 cell plasma membrane vesicles assessed as reduction in vesicle-associated [3H]-taurocholate transport preincubated for 10 mins prior to ATP addition measured after 15 mins in presence of [3H]-tauroch2010Toxicological sciences : an official journal of the Society of Toxicology, Dec, Volume: 118, Issue:2
Interference with bile salt export pump function is a susceptibility factor for human liver injury in drug development.
AID1288936Cmax in patient (4 patients) with renal insufficiency assessed as hydroxy flutamide at 250 mg, po administered as single dose by gas chromatography1999British journal of clinical pharmacology, Jan, Volume: 47, Issue:1
Pharmacokinetics of flutamide in patients with renal insufficiency.
AID1288876AUC (0 to 24 hrs) in patient (6 patients) with renal insufficiency at 250 mg, po administered as single dose by gas chromatography1999British journal of clinical pharmacology, Jan, Volume: 47, Issue:1
Pharmacokinetics of flutamide in patients with renal insufficiency.
AID1210937Activity of AADAC in mouse liver microsome2012Drug metabolism and disposition: the biological fate of chemicals, Apr, Volume: 40, Issue:4
Species differences in tissue distribution and enzyme activities of arylacetamide deacetylase in human, rat, and mouse.
AID588216FDA HLAED, serum glutamic oxaloacetic transaminase (SGOT) increase2004Current drug discovery technologies, Dec, Volume: 1, Issue:4
Assessment of the health effects of chemicals in humans: II. Construction of an adverse effects database for QSAR modeling.
AID1777670In vivo antagonist activity at AR in peripubertal castrated Sprague-Dawley rat assessed as inhibition of testosterone propionate-induced androgen-sensitive organ growth by measuring decrease in ventral prostate weight at 3 mg/kg, po QD for 10 days and mea2021ACS medicinal chemistry letters, Aug-12, Volume: 12, Issue:8
Spirocyclic Thiohydantoin Antagonists of F877L and Wild-Type Androgen Receptor for Castration-Resistant Prostate Cancer.
AID588214FDA HLAED, liver enzyme composite activity2004Current drug discovery technologies, Dec, Volume: 1, Issue:4
Assessment of the health effects of chemicals in humans: II. Construction of an adverse effects database for QSAR modeling.
AID1288922AUClast in patient (3 patients) with renal insufficiency at 250 mg, po assessed as hydroxy flutamide administered as single dose by gas chromatography1999British journal of clinical pharmacology, Jan, Volume: 47, Issue:1
Pharmacokinetics of flutamide in patients with renal insufficiency.
AID625289Drug Induced Liver Injury Prediction System (DILIps) training set; hepatic side effect (HepSE) score for liver disease2011PLoS computational biology, Dec, Volume: 7, Issue:12
Translating clinical findings into knowledge in drug safety evaluation--drug induced liver injury prediction system (DILIps).
AID1210929Activity of AADAC in rat kidney microsome2012Drug metabolism and disposition: the biological fate of chemicals, Apr, Volume: 40, Issue:4
Species differences in tissue distribution and enzyme activities of arylacetamide deacetylase in human, rat, and mouse.
AID296865Inhibition of prostate weight in intact Sprague-Dawley rat at 30 mg/kg relative to control2007Journal of medicinal chemistry, Aug-09, Volume: 50, Issue:16
Design, synthesis, and in vivo SAR of a novel series of pyrazolines as potent selective androgen receptor modulators.
AID1217728Intrinsic clearance for reactive metabolites formation per mg of protein based on cytochrome P450 (unknown origin) inactivation rate by TDI assay2011Drug metabolism and disposition: the biological fate of chemicals, Jul, Volume: 39, Issue:7
Combination of GSH trapping and time-dependent inhibition assays as a predictive method of drugs generating highly reactive metabolites.
AID1288882Final time point in terminal phase in patient (6 patients) with renal insufficiency at 250 mg, po administered as single dose by gas chromatography1999British journal of clinical pharmacology, Jan, Volume: 47, Issue:1
Pharmacokinetics of flutamide in patients with renal insufficiency.
AID1288925Terminal half life in patient (3 patients) with renal insufficiency assessed as hydroxy flutamide at 250 mg, po administered as single dose by gas chromatography1999British journal of clinical pharmacology, Jan, Volume: 47, Issue:1
Pharmacokinetics of flutamide in patients with renal insufficiency.
AID670342Cytotoxicity against androgen-independent human PC3 cells after 72 hrs by SRB assay2012Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry, Jul-01, Volume: 20, Issue:13
Antitumor agents 290. Design, synthesis, and biological evaluation of new LNCaP and PC-3 cytotoxic curcumin analogs conjugated with anti-androgens.
AID1217727Intrinsic clearance for reactive metabolites formation per mg of protein in human liver microsomes based on [3H]GSH adduct formation rate at 100 uM by [3H]GSH trapping assay2011Drug metabolism and disposition: the biological fate of chemicals, Jul, Volume: 39, Issue:7
Combination of GSH trapping and time-dependent inhibition assays as a predictive method of drugs generating highly reactive metabolites.
AID1079949Proposed mechanism(s) of liver damage. [column 'MEC' in source]
AID1222793Dissociation constant, pKa of the compound2013Drug metabolism and disposition: the biological fate of chemicals, May, Volume: 41, Issue:5
Which metabolites circulate?
AID365468Antagonist activity at human androgen receptor expressed in mouse NIH3T3 cells assessed as inhibition of DHT-induced transcriptional activation after 24 hrs by androgen response element-mediated luciferase reporter gene assay2008Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry, Sep-01, Volume: 16, Issue:17
Design and synthesis of carborane-containing androgen receptor (AR) antagonist bearing a pyridine ring.
AID39322Relative binding affinity against rat ventral prostate androgen receptor using competition assay after 1 hour.1990Journal of medicinal chemistry, Aug, Volume: 33, Issue:8
Antiandrogenic steroidal sulfonylpyrazoles.
AID588215FDA HLAED, alkaline phosphatase increase2004Current drug discovery technologies, Dec, Volume: 1, Issue:4
Assessment of the health effects of chemicals in humans: II. Construction of an adverse effects database for QSAR modeling.
AID1288874Cmax in patient (6 patients) with renal insufficiency at 250 mg, po administered as single dose by gas chromatography1999British journal of clinical pharmacology, Jan, Volume: 47, Issue:1
Pharmacokinetics of flutamide in patients with renal insufficiency.
AID1217709Time dependent inhibition of CYP3A4 (unknown origin) at 100 uM by LC/MS system2011Drug metabolism and disposition: the biological fate of chemicals, Jul, Volume: 39, Issue:7
Combination of GSH trapping and time-dependent inhibition assays as a predictive method of drugs generating highly reactive metabolites.
AID588218FDA HLAED, lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) increase2004Current drug discovery technologies, Dec, Volume: 1, Issue:4
Assessment of the health effects of chemicals in humans: II. Construction of an adverse effects database for QSAR modeling.
AID1220092Drug metabolism assessed as CES2-mediated compound hydrolysis in human liver homogenates at 50 uM2012Drug metabolism and disposition: the biological fate of chemicals, Jun, Volume: 40, Issue:6
Contributions of arylacetamide deacetylase and carboxylesterase 2 to flutamide hydrolysis in human liver.
AID1288969Clearance in patient with renal insufficiency at 250 mg, po administered first dose followed by 14 days wash out period and administered second dose 4 hrs prior to hemodialysis measured during hemodialysis treatment by gas chromatography1999British journal of clinical pharmacology, Jan, Volume: 47, Issue:1
Pharmacokinetics of flutamide in patients with renal insufficiency.
AID1288902AUC (0 to 24 hrs) in patient (7 patients) with renal insufficiency assessed as hydroxy flutamide at 250 mg, po administered as single dose by gas chromatography1999British journal of clinical pharmacology, Jan, Volume: 47, Issue:1
Pharmacokinetics of flutamide in patients with renal insufficiency.
AID699539Inhibition of human liver OATP1B1 expressed in HEK293 Flp-In cells assessed as reduction in E17-betaG uptake at 20 uM by scintillation counting2012Journal of medicinal chemistry, May-24, Volume: 55, Issue:10
Classification of inhibitors of hepatic organic anion transporting polypeptides (OATPs): influence of protein expression on drug-drug interactions.
AID670357Cytotoxicity against androgen-independent human PC3 cells at 100 uM within 48 hrs by SRB assay2012Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry, Jul-01, Volume: 20, Issue:13
Antitumor agents 290. Design, synthesis, and biological evaluation of new LNCaP and PC-3 cytotoxic curcumin analogs conjugated with anti-androgens.
AID1288961Final time point in terminal phase in patient (6 patients) with renal insufficiency assessed as hydroxy flutamide at 250 mg, po administered as single dose 4 hrs prior to hemodialysis treatment measured at starting time of dialysis and post dialysis treat1999British journal of clinical pharmacology, Jan, Volume: 47, Issue:1
Pharmacokinetics of flutamide in patients with renal insufficiency.
AID1079945Animal toxicity known. [column 'TOXIC' in source]
AID1053268Inhibition of COX-2 (unknown origin) using arachidonic acid as substrate assessed as formation of prostanoid products at 500 uM preincubated for 10 mins prior to substrate addition measured after 2 mins by Ellman's method relative to control2013Journal of medicinal chemistry, Nov-14, Volume: 56, Issue:21
Experimental confirmation of new drug-target interactions predicted by Drug Profile Matching.
AID1210923Intrinsic clearance in human kidney microsome at 0.025 to 0.75 mM2012Drug metabolism and disposition: the biological fate of chemicals, Apr, Volume: 40, Issue:4
Species differences in tissue distribution and enzyme activities of arylacetamide deacetylase in human, rat, and mouse.
AID678717Inhibition of human CYP3A4 assessed as ratio of IC50 in absence of NADPH to IC50 for presence of NADPH using 7-benzyloxyquinoline as substrate after 30 mins2012Chemical research in toxicology, Oct-15, Volume: 25, Issue:10
Preclinical strategy to reduce clinical hepatotoxicity using in vitro bioactivation data for >200 compounds.
AID1636497Drug activation in human Hep3B cells assessed as human CYP2C9-mediated drug metabolism-induced cytotoxicity measured as decrease in cell viability at 174.8 uM pre-incubated with BSO for 18 hrs followed by incubation with compound for 3 hrs in presence of 2016Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters, 08-15, Volume: 26, Issue:16
Development of a cell viability assay to assess drug metabolite structure-toxicity relationships.
AID1489053Cytotoxicity against human LNCAP cells after 48 hrs by MTT assay2017Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters, 09-01, Volume: 27, Issue:17
Design, synthesis and biological evaluation of novel 3-oxo-4-oxa-5α-androst-17β-amide derivatives as dual 5α-reductase inhibitors and androgen receptor antagonists.
AID1443986Inhibition of recombinant human BSEP expressed in baculovirus infected sf9 cell membrane vesicles assessed as reduction in ATP or AMP-dependent [3H]-taurocholic acid uptake in to vesicles preincubated for 5 mins followed by ATP/AMP addition measured after2014Hepatology (Baltimore, Md.), Sep, Volume: 60, Issue:3
Human drug-induced liver injury severity is highly associated with dual inhibition of liver mitochondrial function and bile salt export pump.
AID1210916Activity of human recombinant AADAC2012Drug metabolism and disposition: the biological fate of chemicals, Apr, Volume: 40, Issue:4
Species differences in tissue distribution and enzyme activities of arylacetamide deacetylase in human, rat, and mouse.
AID1661977Inhibition of AR mRNA expression in human 22Rv1 cells at 10 uM pre-incubated for 2 hrs before pregnenolone stimulation for 24 hrs by RT-qPCR analysis2020Journal of medicinal chemistry, 09-24, Volume: 63, Issue:18
Development of Novel AKR1C3 Inhibitors as New Potential Treatment for Castration-Resistant Prostate Cancer.
AID588217FDA HLAED, serum glutamic pyruvic transaminase (SGPT) increase2004Current drug discovery technologies, Dec, Volume: 1, Issue:4
Assessment of the health effects of chemicals in humans: II. Construction of an adverse effects database for QSAR modeling.
AID1288970Elimination rate constant in patient with renal insufficiency at 250 mg, po administered first dose followed by 14 days wash out period and administered second dose 4 hrs prior to hemodialysis measured during hemodialysis treatment by gas chromatography1999British journal of clinical pharmacology, Jan, Volume: 47, Issue:1
Pharmacokinetics of flutamide in patients with renal insufficiency.
AID1288949AUC (0 to 96 hrs) in patient (6 patients) with renal insufficiency at 250 mg, po administered as single dose 4 hrs prior to hemodialysis treatment measured at starting time of dialysis and post dialysis treatment by gas chromatography1999British journal of clinical pharmacology, Jan, Volume: 47, Issue:1
Pharmacokinetics of flutamide in patients with renal insufficiency.
AID1220085Drug metabolism assessed as human recombinant AADAC-mediated compound hydrolysis at 200 uM2012Drug metabolism and disposition: the biological fate of chemicals, Jun, Volume: 40, Issue:6
Contributions of arylacetamide deacetylase and carboxylesterase 2 to flutamide hydrolysis in human liver.
AID1661966Inhibition of pregnenolone-induced cell proliferation of human 22Rv1 cells at 10 uM pre-incubated for 2 hrs before pregnenolone stimulation for 72 hrs by alamar blue assay2020Journal of medicinal chemistry, 09-24, Volume: 63, Issue:18
Development of Novel AKR1C3 Inhibitors as New Potential Treatment for Castration-Resistant Prostate Cancer.
AID1288889Terminal half life in patient (6 patients) with renal insufficiency assessed as hydroxy flutamide at 250 mg, po administered as single dose by gas chromatography1999British journal of clinical pharmacology, Jan, Volume: 47, Issue:1
Pharmacokinetics of flutamide in patients with renal insufficiency.
AID1222791Oral clearance in human2013Drug metabolism and disposition: the biological fate of chemicals, May, Volume: 41, Issue:5
Which metabolites circulate?
AID1474167Liver toxicity in human assessed as induction of drug-induced liver injury by measuring verified drug-induced liver injury concern status2016Drug discovery today, Apr, Volume: 21, Issue:4
DILIrank: the largest reference drug list ranked by the risk for developing drug-induced liver injury in humans.
AID1220081Drug metabolism assessed as human recombinant CES2-mediated compound hydrolysis at 5 uM2012Drug metabolism and disposition: the biological fate of chemicals, Jun, Volume: 40, Issue:6
Contributions of arylacetamide deacetylase and carboxylesterase 2 to flutamide hydrolysis in human liver.
AID1288968Drug excretion in dialysate of patient with renal insufficiency at 250 mg, po administered first dose followed by 14 days wash out period and administered second dose 4 hrs prior to hemodialysis measured during hemodialysis treatment by gas chromatography1999British journal of clinical pharmacology, Jan, Volume: 47, Issue:1
Pharmacokinetics of flutamide in patients with renal insufficiency.
AID625281Drug Induced Liver Injury Prediction System (DILIps) training set; hepatic side effect (HepSE) score for cholelithiasis2011PLoS computational biology, Dec, Volume: 7, Issue:12
Translating clinical findings into knowledge in drug safety evaluation--drug induced liver injury prediction system (DILIps).
AID184811Effect of compound on LH level on 14-day dosing in intact rats1988Journal of medicinal chemistry, May, Volume: 31, Issue:5
Nonsteroidal antiandrogens. Synthesis and structure-activity relationships of 3-substituted derivatives of 2-hydroxypropionanilides.
AID608834Anticancer activity against human LNCAP cells after 24 hrs by MTT assay in presence of testosterone2011European journal of medicinal chemistry, Aug, Volume: 46, Issue:8
Aldol derivatives of Thioxoimidazolidinones as potential anti-prostate cancer agents.
AID1443985Inhibition of BSEP in human hepatocytes assessed as reduction in biliary excretion of [3H]-taurocholate in cell lysates at 10 to 100 uM after 15 mins by liquid scintillation counting relative to control2010Toxicological sciences : an official journal of the Society of Toxicology, Dec, Volume: 118, Issue:2
Interference with bile salt export pump function is a susceptibility factor for human liver injury in drug development.
AID1288976Plasma protein binding in healthy geriatric volunteer by equilibrium dialysis method1999British journal of clinical pharmacology, Jan, Volume: 47, Issue:1
Pharmacokinetics of flutamide in patients with renal insufficiency.
AID588213Literature-mined compound from Fourches et al multi-species drug-induced liver injury (DILI) dataset, effect in non-rodents2010Chemical research in toxicology, Jan, Volume: 23, Issue:1
Cheminformatics analysis of assertions mined from literature that describe drug-induced liver injury in different species.
AID1288942Final time point in terminal phase in patient (4 patients) with renal insufficiency assessed as hydroxy flutamide at 250 mg, po administered as single dose by gas chromatography1999British journal of clinical pharmacology, Jan, Volume: 47, Issue:1
Pharmacokinetics of flutamide in patients with renal insufficiency.
AID1079937Severe hepatitis, defined as possibly life-threatening liver failure or through clinical observations. Value is number of references indexed. [column 'MASS' in source]
AID1288926Drug excretion in urine of patient (3 patients) with renal insufficiency assessed as hydroxy flutamide at 250 mg, po administered as single dose by gas chromatography1999British journal of clinical pharmacology, Jan, Volume: 47, Issue:1
Pharmacokinetics of flutamide in patients with renal insufficiency.
AID491350Growth stimulatory activity of human LNCAP cells2010Journal of medicinal chemistry, Jul-08, Volume: 53, Issue:13
Design and synthesis of androgen receptor full antagonists bearing a p-carborane cage: promising ligands for anti-androgen withdrawal syndrome.
AID249817Effect of combination of compound (10 mg/kg) and testosterone propionate on androgen induced increase in ventral prostate weight2004Journal of medicinal chemistry, Oct-07, Volume: 47, Issue:21
Design and synthesis of aryl diphenolic azoles as potent and selective estrogen receptor-beta ligands.
AID1713216Antiproliferative activity against androgen-sensitive human LNCAP cells assessed as inhibition of cell growth at 50 uM incubated for 48 hrs by sulforhodamine B assay relative to control2016European journal of medicinal chemistry, Oct-04, Volume: 121Synthesis of 17β-N-arylcarbamoylandrost-4-en-3-one derivatives and their anti-proliferative effect on human androgen-sensitive LNCaP cell line.
AID1210888Activity of AADAC in mouse lung microsome2012Drug metabolism and disposition: the biological fate of chemicals, Apr, Volume: 40, Issue:4
Species differences in tissue distribution and enzyme activities of arylacetamide deacetylase in human, rat, and mouse.
AID1636443Drug activation in human Hep3B cells assessed as human CYP2D6-mediated drug metabolism-induced cytotoxicity measured as decrease in cell viability at 113.7 uM pre-incubated with BSO for 18 hrs followed by incubation with compound for 3 hrs in presence of 2016Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters, 08-15, Volume: 26, Issue:16
Development of a cell viability assay to assess drug metabolite structure-toxicity relationships.
AID1675850Anticancer activity against human HCT-15 cells assessed as inhibition of cell growth incubated for 48 hrs by MTT assay2020Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters, 11-01, Volume: 30, Issue:21
Synthesis of flutamide-conjugates.
AID1220084Drug metabolism assessed as human recombinant AADAC-mediated compound hydrolysis at 5 uM2012Drug metabolism and disposition: the biological fate of chemicals, Jun, Volume: 40, Issue:6
Contributions of arylacetamide deacetylase and carboxylesterase 2 to flutamide hydrolysis in human liver.
AID1220083Drug metabolism assessed as human recombinant CES2-mediated compound hydrolysis at 200 uM2012Drug metabolism and disposition: the biological fate of chemicals, Jun, Volume: 40, Issue:6
Contributions of arylacetamide deacetylase and carboxylesterase 2 to flutamide hydrolysis in human liver.
AID491346Antagonist activity at human androgen receptor expressed in mouse NIH3T3 cells assessed as inhibition of dihydrotestosterone -induced luciferase transactivation activity at 0.1 nM by ARE-luciferase reporter gene assay2010Journal of medicinal chemistry, Jul-08, Volume: 53, Issue:13
Design and synthesis of androgen receptor full antagonists bearing a p-carborane cage: promising ligands for anti-androgen withdrawal syndrome.
AID1288877AUC (0 to 96 hrs) in patient (6 patients) with renal insufficiency at 250 mg, po administered as single dose by gas chromatography1999British journal of clinical pharmacology, Jan, Volume: 47, Issue:1
Pharmacokinetics of flutamide in patients with renal insufficiency.
AID1288879Cmax in patient (6 patients) with renal insufficiency assessed as hydroxy flutamide at 250 mg, po administered as single dose by gas chromatography1999British journal of clinical pharmacology, Jan, Volume: 47, Issue:1
Pharmacokinetics of flutamide in patients with renal insufficiency.
AID496821Antimicrobial activity against Leishmania2010Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry, Mar-15, Volume: 18, Issue:6
Multi-target spectral moment QSAR versus ANN for antiparasitic drugs against different parasite species.
AID496830Antimicrobial activity against Leishmania major2010Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry, Mar-15, Volume: 18, Issue:6
Multi-target spectral moment QSAR versus ANN for antiparasitic drugs against different parasite species.
AID1443981Inhibition of human BSEP expressed in fall armyworm sf9 cell membrane vesicles assessed as reduction in ATP-dependent [3H]-taurocholic acid uptake preincubated for 30 mins prior to [3H]-taurocholic acid addition by liquid scintillation counting2010Toxicological sciences : an official journal of the Society of Toxicology, Dec, Volume: 118, Issue:2
Interference with bile salt export pump function is a susceptibility factor for human liver injury in drug development.
AID1210927Activity of AADAC in rat liver microsome2012Drug metabolism and disposition: the biological fate of chemicals, Apr, Volume: 40, Issue:4
Species differences in tissue distribution and enzyme activities of arylacetamide deacetylase in human, rat, and mouse.
AID608833Anticancer activity against human PC3 cells after 24 hrs by MTT assay2011European journal of medicinal chemistry, Aug, Volume: 46, Issue:8
Aldol derivatives of Thioxoimidazolidinones as potential anti-prostate cancer agents.
AID625279Drug Induced Liver Injury Prediction System (DILIps) training set; hepatic side effect (HepSE) score for bilirubinemia2011PLoS computational biology, Dec, Volume: 7, Issue:12
Translating clinical findings into knowledge in drug safety evaluation--drug induced liver injury prediction system (DILIps).
AID1288898Drug excretion in urine of patient (7 patients) with renal insufficiency at 250 mg, po administered as single dose by gas chromatography1999British journal of clinical pharmacology, Jan, Volume: 47, Issue:1
Pharmacokinetics of flutamide in patients with renal insufficiency.
AID445837Binding affinity to androgen receptor in hamster DDT cells by scintillation counting2009Journal of medicinal chemistry, Nov-26, Volume: 52, Issue:22
Synthesis, structure-activity relationships, and characterization of novel nonsteroidal and selective androgen receptor modulators.
AID1079933Acute liver toxicity defined via clinical observations and clear clinical-chemistry results: serum ALT or AST activity > 6 N or serum alkaline phosphatases activity > 1.7 N. This category includes cytolytic, choleostatic and mixed liver toxicity. Value is
AID409957Inhibition of bovine liver MAOA2008Journal of medicinal chemistry, Nov-13, Volume: 51, Issue:21
Quantitative structure-activity relationship and complex network approach to monoamine oxidase A and B inhibitors.
AID239837Inhibition of [3H]mibolerone binding to human Androgen receptor of PC3/AR Cell Lysate2004Journal of medicinal chemistry, Nov-04, Volume: 47, Issue:23
Studies of targeting and intracellular trafficking of an anti-androgen doxorubicin-formaldehyde conjugate in PC-3 prostate cancer cells bearing androgen receptor-GFP chimera.
AID183961Androgenic activity as percent increase in rat ventral prostate (castrated immature rat) weight caused by 100 mg/kg per day x 10 oral dose; Not significant1990Journal of medicinal chemistry, Aug, Volume: 33, Issue:8
Antiandrogenic steroidal sulfonylpyrazoles.
AID1489054Cytotoxicity against human PC3 cells after 48 hrs by MTT assay2017Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters, 09-01, Volume: 27, Issue:17
Design, synthesis and biological evaluation of novel 3-oxo-4-oxa-5α-androst-17β-amide derivatives as dual 5α-reductase inhibitors and androgen receptor antagonists.
AID1210931Ratio Vmax to Km in rat recombinant AADAC2012Drug metabolism and disposition: the biological fate of chemicals, Apr, Volume: 40, Issue:4
Species differences in tissue distribution and enzyme activities of arylacetamide deacetylase in human, rat, and mouse.
AID468984Inhibition of human 17beta-HSD7 expressed in HEK293 cells assessed as inhibition of reduction of [14C]estrone into [14C]estradiol at 0.3 uM after 7 hrs2009Journal of medicinal chemistry, Dec-10, Volume: 52, Issue:23
Potent and selective steroidal inhibitors of 17beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase type 7, an enzyme that catalyzes the reduction of the key hormones estrone and dihydrotestosterone.
AID1713218Antiproliferative activity against androgen-sensitive human LNCAP cells assessed as inhibition of DHT-induced cell growth at 50 uM incubated for 48 hrs by sulforhodamine B assay relative to control2016European journal of medicinal chemistry, Oct-04, Volume: 121Synthesis of 17β-N-arylcarbamoylandrost-4-en-3-one derivatives and their anti-proliferative effect on human androgen-sensitive LNCaP cell line.
AID625276FDA Liver Toxicity Knowledge Base Benchmark Dataset (LTKB-BD) drugs of most concern for DILI2011Drug discovery today, Aug, Volume: 16, Issue:15-16
FDA-approved drug labeling for the study of drug-induced liver injury.
AID1220082Drug metabolism assessed as human recombinant CES2-mediated compound hydrolysis at 50 uM2012Drug metabolism and disposition: the biological fate of chemicals, Jun, Volume: 40, Issue:6
Contributions of arylacetamide deacetylase and carboxylesterase 2 to flutamide hydrolysis in human liver.
AID1288886AUClast in patient (6 patients) with renal insufficiency at 250 mg, po assessed as hydroxy flutamide administered as single dose by gas chromatography1999British journal of clinical pharmacology, Jan, Volume: 47, Issue:1
Pharmacokinetics of flutamide in patients with renal insufficiency.
AID39153Relative binding affinity for human androgen receptor against 1.0 nM [3H]mibolerone in PC3/AR cell lysate2003Journal of medicinal chemistry, Nov-20, Volume: 46, Issue:24
Rational design and synthesis of androgen receptor-targeted nonsteroidal anti-androgen ligands for the tumor-specific delivery of a doxorubicin-formaldehyde conjugate.
AID1288953Renal clearance in patient (6 patients) with renal insufficiency at 250 mg, po administered as single dose 4 hrs prior to hemodialysis treatment measured at starting time of dialysis and post dialysis treatment by gas chromatography1999British journal of clinical pharmacology, Jan, Volume: 47, Issue:1
Pharmacokinetics of flutamide in patients with renal insufficiency.
AID1768871Anticancer activity against human PC-3 cells assessed as inhibition of cell proliferation measured after 72 hrs by MTT assay2021Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry, 09-15, Volume: 46Design, synthesis, and antitumor activity evaluation of steroidal oximes.
AID1474166Liver toxicity in human assessed as induction of drug-induced liver injury by measuring severity class index2016Drug discovery today, Apr, Volume: 21, Issue:4
DILIrank: the largest reference drug list ranked by the risk for developing drug-induced liver injury in humans.
AID1288920AUC (0 to 24 hrs) in patient (3 patients) with renal insufficiency assessed as hydroxy flutamide at 250 mg, po administered as single dose by gas chromatography1999British journal of clinical pharmacology, Jan, Volume: 47, Issue:1
Pharmacokinetics of flutamide in patients with renal insufficiency.
AID1288957AUC (0 to 24 hrs) in patient (6 patients) with renal insufficiency assessed as hydroxy flutamide at 250 mg, po administered as single dose 4 hrs prior to hemodialysis treatment measured at starting time of dialysis and post dialysis treatment by gas chrom1999British journal of clinical pharmacology, Jan, Volume: 47, Issue:1
Pharmacokinetics of flutamide in patients with renal insufficiency.
AID1288895AUC (0 to 96 hrs) in patient (7 patients) with renal insufficiency at 250 mg, po administered as single dose by gas chromatography1999British journal of clinical pharmacology, Jan, Volume: 47, Issue:1
Pharmacokinetics of flutamide in patients with renal insufficiency.
AID1288965Drug recovery in dialysate of patient (6 patients) with renal insufficiency assessed as hydroxy flutamide at 250 mg, po administered as single dose 4 hrs prior to hemodialysis treatment measured during dialysis treatment by gas chromatography1999British journal of clinical pharmacology, Jan, Volume: 47, Issue:1
Pharmacokinetics of flutamide in patients with renal insufficiency.
AID1443982Inhibition of human BSEP expressed in fall armyworm sf9 cell membrane vesicles assessed as reduction in ATP-dependent [3H]-taurocholic acid uptake at 100 uM preincubated for 30 mins prior to [3H]-taurocholic acid addition by liquid scintillation counting 2010Toxicological sciences : an official journal of the Society of Toxicology, Dec, Volume: 118, Issue:2
Interference with bile salt export pump function is a susceptibility factor for human liver injury in drug development.
AID1220088Drug metabolism assessed as AADAC-mediated compound hydrolysis in human liver homogenates at 5 uM2012Drug metabolism and disposition: the biological fate of chemicals, Jun, Volume: 40, Issue:6
Contributions of arylacetamide deacetylase and carboxylesterase 2 to flutamide hydrolysis in human liver.
AID1220073Intrinsic clearance assessed as ratio of Vmax to Km for human recombinant CES22012Drug metabolism and disposition: the biological fate of chemicals, Jun, Volume: 40, Issue:6
Contributions of arylacetamide deacetylase and carboxylesterase 2 to flutamide hydrolysis in human liver.
AID496831Antimicrobial activity against Cryptosporidium parvum2010Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry, Mar-15, Volume: 18, Issue:6
Multi-target spectral moment QSAR versus ANN for antiparasitic drugs against different parasite species.
AID1288974Toxicity in patient with renal insufficiency assessed as headache at 250 mg, po administered as single dose1999British journal of clinical pharmacology, Jan, Volume: 47, Issue:1
Pharmacokinetics of flutamide in patients with renal insufficiency.
AID1288909Renal clearance in patient (7 patients) with renal insufficiency assessed as hydroxy flutamide at 250 mg, po administered as single dose by gas chromatography1999British journal of clinical pharmacology, Jan, Volume: 47, Issue:1
Pharmacokinetics of flutamide in patients with renal insufficiency.
AID1288934Drug excretion in urine of patient (4 patients) with renal insufficiency at 250 mg, po administered as single dose by gas chromatography1999British journal of clinical pharmacology, Jan, Volume: 47, Issue:1
Pharmacokinetics of flutamide in patients with renal insufficiency.
AID1288916Drug excretion in urine of patient (3 patients) with renal insufficiency at 250 mg, po administered as single dose by gas chromatography1999British journal of clinical pharmacology, Jan, Volume: 47, Issue:1
Pharmacokinetics of flutamide in patients with renal insufficiency.
AID339521Antagonist activity at wild type human recombinant androgen receptor assessed as inhibition of testosterone-induced growth of mouse androgen dependent SC3 cells by WST-1 method2008Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry, Jul-15, Volume: 16, Issue:14
4-(Anilino)pyrrole-2-carboxamides: Novel non-steroidal/non-anilide type androgen antagonists effective upon human prostate tumor LNCaP cells with mutated nuclear androgen receptor.
AID1079943Malignant tumor, proven histopathologically. Value is number of references indexed. [column 'T.MAL' in source]
AID1713219Cytotoxicity against Wistar rat PBMC assessed as inhibition of cell growth at 50 uM incubated for 24 hrs by sulforhodamine B assay relative to control2016European journal of medicinal chemistry, Oct-04, Volume: 121Synthesis of 17β-N-arylcarbamoylandrost-4-en-3-one derivatives and their anti-proliferative effect on human androgen-sensitive LNCaP cell line.
AID1443984Inhibition of BSEP in human hepatocytes assessed as reduction in biliary excretion of [3H]-taurocholate in cell lysates after 15 mins by liquid scintillation counting2010Toxicological sciences : an official journal of the Society of Toxicology, Dec, Volume: 118, Issue:2
Interference with bile salt export pump function is a susceptibility factor for human liver injury in drug development.
AID1288955Cmax in patient (6 patients) with renal insufficiency assessed as hydroxy flutamide at 250 mg, po administered as single dose 4 hrs prior to hemodialysis treatment measured at starting time of dialysis and post dialysis treatment by gas chromatography1999British journal of clinical pharmacology, Jan, Volume: 47, Issue:1
Pharmacokinetics of flutamide in patients with renal insufficiency.
AID1210893Intrinsic clearance in mouse lung microsome at 0.025 to 0.75 mM2012Drug metabolism and disposition: the biological fate of chemicals, Apr, Volume: 40, Issue:4
Species differences in tissue distribution and enzyme activities of arylacetamide deacetylase in human, rat, and mouse.
AID1288927Renal clearance in patient (3 patients) with renal insufficiency assessed as hydroxy flutamide at 250 mg, po administered as single dose by gas chromatography1999British journal of clinical pharmacology, Jan, Volume: 47, Issue:1
Pharmacokinetics of flutamide in patients with renal insufficiency.
AID1470706Anti-androgenic activity in citral-induced prostatic hyperplasia Sprague-Dawley rat model assessed as prostate weight at 10 mg/kg, po administered once daily coadministered with citral for 21 days measured 24 hrs last post dose (Rvb = 100%)2017European journal of medicinal chemistry, May-26, Volume: 132Novel aryl piperazines for alleviation of 'andropause' associated prostatic disorders and depression.
AID1220075Drug metabolism assessed as loperamide-mediated inhibition of human recombinant AADAC-mediated compound hydrolysis expressed in SF21 cells measured as enzyme activity at 5 uM relative to control2012Drug metabolism and disposition: the biological fate of chemicals, Jun, Volume: 40, Issue:6
Contributions of arylacetamide deacetylase and carboxylesterase 2 to flutamide hydrolysis in human liver.
AID1288962Terminal half life in patient (6 patients) with renal insufficiency assessed as hydroxy flutamide at 250 mg, po administered as single dose 4 hrs prior to hemodialysis treatment measured at starting time of dialysis and post dialysis treatment by gas chro1999British journal of clinical pharmacology, Jan, Volume: 47, Issue:1
Pharmacokinetics of flutamide in patients with renal insufficiency.
AID1288960AUC (0 to infinity) in patient (6 patients) with renal insufficiency assessed as hydroxy flutamide at 250 mg, po administered as single dose 4 hrs prior to hemodialysis treatment measured at starting time of dialysis and post dialysis treatment by gas chr1999British journal of clinical pharmacology, Jan, Volume: 47, Issue:1
Pharmacokinetics of flutamide in patients with renal insufficiency.
AID1473739Inhibition of human MRP2 overexpressed in Sf9 cell membrane vesicles assessed as uptake of [3H]-estradiol-17beta-D-glucuronide in presence of ATP and GSH measured after 20 mins by membrane vesicle transport assay2013Toxicological sciences : an official journal of the Society of Toxicology, Nov, Volume: 136, Issue:1
A multifactorial approach to hepatobiliary transporter assessment enables improved therapeutic compound development.
AID540235Phospholipidosis-negative literature compound
AID339517Displacement of [3H]testosterone from wild type human androgen receptor2008Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry, Jul-15, Volume: 16, Issue:14
4-(Anilino)pyrrole-2-carboxamides: Novel non-steroidal/non-anilide type androgen antagonists effective upon human prostate tumor LNCaP cells with mutated nuclear androgen receptor.
AID1288966Clearance in patient (6 patients) with renal insufficiency assessed as hydroxy flutamide at 250 mg, po administered as single dose 4 hrs prior to hemodialysis treatment measured during dialysis treatment by gas chromatography1999British journal of clinical pharmacology, Jan, Volume: 47, Issue:1
Pharmacokinetics of flutamide in patients with renal insufficiency.
AID1288875Tmax in patient (6 patients) with renal insufficiency at 250 mg, po administered as single dose by gas chromatography1999British journal of clinical pharmacology, Jan, Volume: 47, Issue:1
Pharmacokinetics of flutamide in patients with renal insufficiency.
AID1288943Terminal half life in patient (4 patients) with renal insufficiency assessed as hydroxy flutamide at 250 mg, po administered as single dose by gas chromatography1999British journal of clinical pharmacology, Jan, Volume: 47, Issue:1
Pharmacokinetics of flutamide in patients with renal insufficiency.
AID409959Inhibition of bovine liver MAOB2008Journal of medicinal chemistry, Nov-13, Volume: 51, Issue:21
Quantitative structure-activity relationship and complex network approach to monoamine oxidase A and B inhibitors.
AID625290Drug Induced Liver Injury Prediction System (DILIps) training set; hepatic side effect (HepSE) score for liver fatty2011PLoS computational biology, Dec, Volume: 7, Issue:12
Translating clinical findings into knowledge in drug safety evaluation--drug induced liver injury prediction system (DILIps).
AID1288885AUC (0 to 96 hrs) in patient (6 patients) with renal insufficiency at 250 mg, po assessed as hydroxy flutamide administered as single dose by gas chromatography1999British journal of clinical pharmacology, Jan, Volume: 47, Issue:1
Pharmacokinetics of flutamide in patients with renal insufficiency.
AID678722Covalent binding affinity to human liver microsomes assessed per mg of protein at 10 uM after 60 mins presence of NADPH2012Chemical research in toxicology, Oct-15, Volume: 25, Issue:10
Preclinical strategy to reduce clinical hepatotoxicity using in vitro bioactivation data for >200 compounds.
AID1209455Inhibition of human BSEP expressed in plasma membrane vesicles of Sf21 cells assessed as inhibition of ATP-dependent [3H]taurocholate uptake2012Drug metabolism and disposition: the biological fate of chemicals, Jan, Volume: 40, Issue:1
In vitro inhibition of the bile salt export pump correlates with risk of cholestatic drug-induced liver injury in humans.
AID497005Antimicrobial activity against Pneumocystis carinii2010Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry, Mar-15, Volume: 18, Issue:6
Multi-target spectral moment QSAR versus ANN for antiparasitic drugs against different parasite species.
AID19006Calculated membrane partition coefficient (Kmemb)2004Journal of medicinal chemistry, Mar-25, Volume: 47, Issue:7
Surface activity profiling of drugs applied to the prediction of blood-brain barrier permeability.
AID15475Calculated partition coefficient (clogP)1991Journal of medicinal chemistry, Jan, Volume: 34, Issue:1
Non-steroidal antiandrogens. Design of novel compounds based on an infrared study of the dominant conformation and hydrogen-bonding properties of a series of anilide antiandrogens.
AID178941Effective dose required to inhibit 50 percent of androgen hormone activity in intact rat1988Journal of medicinal chemistry, May, Volume: 31, Issue:5
Nonsteroidal antiandrogens. Synthesis and structure-activity relationships of 3-substituted derivatives of 2-hydroxypropionanilides.
AID1675854Anticancer activity against human PC-3 cells assessed as inhibition of cell growth incubated for 48 hrs by MTT assay2020Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters, 11-01, Volume: 30, Issue:21
Synthesis of flutamide-conjugates.
AID625285Drug Induced Liver Injury Prediction System (DILIps) training set; hepatic side effect (HepSE) score for hepatic necrosis2011PLoS computational biology, Dec, Volume: 7, Issue:12
Translating clinical findings into knowledge in drug safety evaluation--drug induced liver injury prediction system (DILIps).
AID625282Drug Induced Liver Injury Prediction System (DILIps) training set; hepatic side effect (HepSE) score for cirrhosis2011PLoS computational biology, Dec, Volume: 7, Issue:12
Translating clinical findings into knowledge in drug safety evaluation--drug induced liver injury prediction system (DILIps).
AID1079942Steatosis, proven histopathologically. Value is number of references indexed. [column 'STEAT' in source]
AID1288917Renal clearance in patient (3 patients) with renal insufficiency at 250 mg, po administered as single dose by gas chromatography1999British journal of clinical pharmacology, Jan, Volume: 47, Issue:1
Pharmacokinetics of flutamide in patients with renal insufficiency.
AID1473738Inhibition of human BSEP overexpressed in Sf9 cell membrane vesicles assessed as uptake of [3H]-taurocholate in presence of ATP measured after 15 to 20 mins by membrane vesicle transport assay2013Toxicological sciences : an official journal of the Society of Toxicology, Nov, Volume: 136, Issue:1
A multifactorial approach to hepatobiliary transporter assessment enables improved therapeutic compound development.
AID524790Antiplasmodial activity against Plasmodium falciparum 3D7 after 72 hrs by SYBR green assay2009Nature chemical biology, Oct, Volume: 5, Issue:10
Genetic mapping of targets mediating differential chemical phenotypes in Plasmodium falciparum.
AID678714Inhibition of human CYP2C19 assessed as ratio of IC50 in absence of NADPH to IC50 for presence of NADPH using 3-butyryl-7-methoxycoumarin as substrate after 30 mins2012Chemical research in toxicology, Oct-15, Volume: 25, Issue:10
Preclinical strategy to reduce clinical hepatotoxicity using in vitro bioactivation data for >200 compounds.
AID1288947Tmax in patient (6 patients) with renal insufficiency at 250 mg, po administered as single dose 4 hrs prior to hemodialysis treatment measured at starting time of dialysis and post dialysis treatment by gas chromatography1999British journal of clinical pharmacology, Jan, Volume: 47, Issue:1
Pharmacokinetics of flutamide in patients with renal insufficiency.
AID588209Literature-mined public compounds from Greene et al multi-species hepatotoxicity modelling dataset2010Chemical research in toxicology, Jul-19, Volume: 23, Issue:7
Developing structure-activity relationships for the prediction of hepatotoxicity.
AID1713217Antiproliferative activity against androgen-sensitive human LNCAP cells assessed as inhibition of testosterone-induced cell growth at 50 uM incubated for 48 hrs by sulforhodamine B assay relative to control2016European journal of medicinal chemistry, Oct-04, Volume: 121Synthesis of 17β-N-arylcarbamoylandrost-4-en-3-one derivatives and their anti-proliferative effect on human androgen-sensitive LNCaP cell line.
AID1288905AUC (0 to infinity) in patient (7 patients) with renal insufficiency at 250 mg, po assessed as hydroxy flutamide administered as single dose by gas chromatography1999British journal of clinical pharmacology, Jan, Volume: 47, Issue:1
Pharmacokinetics of flutamide in patients with renal insufficiency.
AID1288881Renal clearance in patient (6 patients) with renal insufficiency at 250 mg, po administered as single dose by gas chromatography1999British journal of clinical pharmacology, Jan, Volume: 47, Issue:1
Pharmacokinetics of flutamide in patients with renal insufficiency.
AID1675851Anticancer activity against African green monkey COS7 cells assessed as inhibition of cell growth incubated for 48 hrs by MTT assay2020Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters, 11-01, Volume: 30, Issue:21
Synthesis of flutamide-conjugates.
AID445834Agonist activity at androgen receptor in mouse NIH3T3 cells transiently transfected with beta-galactosidase reporter gene assessed as cellular transformation by R-SAT assay relative to dihydrotestosterone2009Journal of medicinal chemistry, Nov-26, Volume: 52, Issue:22
Synthesis, structure-activity relationships, and characterization of novel nonsteroidal and selective androgen receptor modulators.
AID1288893Tmax in patient (7 patients) with renal insufficiency at 250 mg, po administered as single dose by gas chromatography1999British journal of clinical pharmacology, Jan, Volume: 47, Issue:1
Pharmacokinetics of flutamide in patients with renal insufficiency.
AID1489056Growth inhibition of human PC3 cells at 80 uM after 48 hrs by MTT assay relative to control2017Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters, 09-01, Volume: 27, Issue:17
Design, synthesis and biological evaluation of novel 3-oxo-4-oxa-5α-androst-17β-amide derivatives as dual 5α-reductase inhibitors and androgen receptor antagonists.
AID1288948AUC (0 to 24 hrs) in patient (6 patients) with renal insufficiency at 250 mg, po administered as single dose 4 hrs prior to hemodialysis treatment measured at starting time of dialysis and post dialysis treatment by gas chromatography1999British journal of clinical pharmacology, Jan, Volume: 47, Issue:1
Pharmacokinetics of flutamide in patients with renal insufficiency.
AID496823Antimicrobial activity against Trichomonas vaginalis2010Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry, Mar-15, Volume: 18, Issue:6
Multi-target spectral moment QSAR versus ANN for antiparasitic drugs against different parasite species.
AID1079936Choleostatic liver toxicity, either proven histopathologically or where the ratio of maximal ALT or AST activity above normal to that of Alkaline Phosphatase is < 2 (see ACUTE). Value is number of references indexed. [column 'CHOLE' in source]
AID588210Human drug-induced liver injury (DILI) modelling dataset from Ekins et al2010Drug metabolism and disposition: the biological fate of chemicals, Dec, Volume: 38, Issue:12
A predictive ligand-based Bayesian model for human drug-induced liver injury.
AID1220087Drug metabolism assessed as CES2-mediated compound hydrolysis in human liver homogenates at 5 to 200 uM2012Drug metabolism and disposition: the biological fate of chemicals, Jun, Volume: 40, Issue:6
Contributions of arylacetamide deacetylase and carboxylesterase 2 to flutamide hydrolysis in human liver.
AID1288945Renal clearance in patient (4 patients) with renal insufficiency assessed as hydroxy flutamide at 250 mg, po administered as single dose by gas chromatography1999British journal of clinical pharmacology, Jan, Volume: 47, Issue:1
Pharmacokinetics of flutamide in patients with renal insufficiency.
AID445835Agonist activity at androgen receptor LBD T877A mutant in mouse NIH3T3 cells transiently transfected with beta-galactosidase reporter gene assessed as cellular transformation by R-SAT assay2009Journal of medicinal chemistry, Nov-26, Volume: 52, Issue:22
Synthesis, structure-activity relationships, and characterization of novel nonsteroidal and selective androgen receptor modulators.
AID1288896AUClast in patient (7 patients) with renal insufficiency at 250 mg, po administered as single dose by gas chromatography1999British journal of clinical pharmacology, Jan, Volume: 47, Issue:1
Pharmacokinetics of flutamide in patients with renal insufficiency.
AID496829Antimicrobial activity against Leishmania infantum2010Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry, Mar-15, Volume: 18, Issue:6
Multi-target spectral moment QSAR versus ANN for antiparasitic drugs against different parasite species.
AID625284Drug Induced Liver Injury Prediction System (DILIps) training set; hepatic side effect (HepSE) score for hepatic failure2011PLoS computational biology, Dec, Volume: 7, Issue:12
Translating clinical findings into knowledge in drug safety evaluation--drug induced liver injury prediction system (DILIps).
AID1288923AUC (0 to infinity) in patient (3 patients) with renal insufficiency at 250 mg, po assessed as hydroxy flutamide administered as single dose by gas chromatography1999British journal of clinical pharmacology, Jan, Volume: 47, Issue:1
Pharmacokinetics of flutamide in patients with renal insufficiency.
AID1210890Intrinsic clearance in mouse Liver microsome at 0.025 to 0.75 mM2012Drug metabolism and disposition: the biological fate of chemicals, Apr, Volume: 40, Issue:4
Species differences in tissue distribution and enzyme activities of arylacetamide deacetylase in human, rat, and mouse.
AID1220076Drug metabolism assessed as loperamide-mediated inhibition of CES2-mediated compound hydrolysis in human liver microsomes at 5 uM relative to control2012Drug metabolism and disposition: the biological fate of chemicals, Jun, Volume: 40, Issue:6
Contributions of arylacetamide deacetylase and carboxylesterase 2 to flutamide hydrolysis in human liver.
AID1288901Tmax in patient (7 patients) with renal insufficiency assessed as hydroxy flutamide at 250 mg, po administered as single dose by gas chromatography1999British journal of clinical pharmacology, Jan, Volume: 47, Issue:1
Pharmacokinetics of flutamide in patients with renal insufficiency.
AID1288904AUClast in patient (7 patients) with renal insufficiency at 250 mg, po assessed as hydroxy flutamide administered as single dose by gas chromatography1999British journal of clinical pharmacology, Jan, Volume: 47, Issue:1
Pharmacokinetics of flutamide in patients with renal insufficiency.
AID496818Antimicrobial activity against Trypanosoma brucei brucei2010Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry, Mar-15, Volume: 18, Issue:6
Multi-target spectral moment QSAR versus ANN for antiparasitic drugs against different parasite species.
AID1210926Activity of rat recombinant AADAC2012Drug metabolism and disposition: the biological fate of chemicals, Apr, Volume: 40, Issue:4
Species differences in tissue distribution and enzyme activities of arylacetamide deacetylase in human, rat, and mouse.
AID1210920Ratio Vmax to Km in human recombinant AADAC2012Drug metabolism and disposition: the biological fate of chemicals, Apr, Volume: 40, Issue:4
Species differences in tissue distribution and enzyme activities of arylacetamide deacetylase in human, rat, and mouse.
AID1489055Growth inhibition of human LNCAP cells at 80 uM after 48 hrs by MTT assay relative to control2017Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters, 09-01, Volume: 27, Issue:17
Design, synthesis and biological evaluation of novel 3-oxo-4-oxa-5α-androst-17β-amide derivatives as dual 5α-reductase inhibitors and androgen receptor antagonists.
AID1443991Induction of mitochondrial dysfunction in Sprague-Dawley rat liver mitochondria assessed as inhibition of mitochondrial respiration per mg mitochondrial protein measured for 20 mins by A65N-1 oxygen probe based fluorescence assay2014Hepatology (Baltimore, Md.), Sep, Volume: 60, Issue:3
Human drug-induced liver injury severity is highly associated with dual inhibition of liver mitochondrial function and bile salt export pump.
AID1288932AUClast in patient (4 patients) with renal insufficiency at 250 mg, po administered as single dose by gas chromatography1999British journal of clinical pharmacology, Jan, Volume: 47, Issue:1
Pharmacokinetics of flutamide in patients with renal insufficiency.
AID1210919Activity of AADAC in human kidney microsome2012Drug metabolism and disposition: the biological fate of chemicals, Apr, Volume: 40, Issue:4
Species differences in tissue distribution and enzyme activities of arylacetamide deacetylase in human, rat, and mouse.
AID1079935Cytolytic liver toxicity, either proven histopathologically or where the ratio of maximal ALT or AST activity above normal to that of Alkaline Phosphatase is > 5 (see ACUTE). Value is number of references indexed. [column 'CYTOL' in source]
AID1288891Renal clearance in patient (6 patients) with renal insufficiency assessed as hydroxy flutamide at 250 mg, po administered as single dose by gas chromatography1999British journal of clinical pharmacology, Jan, Volume: 47, Issue:1
Pharmacokinetics of flutamide in patients with renal insufficiency.
AID1210892Intrinsic clearance in mouse kidney microsome at 0.025 to 0.75 mM2012Drug metabolism and disposition: the biological fate of chemicals, Apr, Volume: 40, Issue:4
Species differences in tissue distribution and enzyme activities of arylacetamide deacetylase in human, rat, and mouse.
AID1288911Tmax in patient (3 patients) with renal insufficiency at 250 mg, po administered as single dose by gas chromatography1999British journal of clinical pharmacology, Jan, Volume: 47, Issue:1
Pharmacokinetics of flutamide in patients with renal insufficiency.
AID524791Antiplasmodial activity against Plasmodium falciparum 7G8 after 72 hrs by SYBR green assay2009Nature chemical biology, Oct, Volume: 5, Issue:10
Genetic mapping of targets mediating differential chemical phenotypes in Plasmodium falciparum.
AID468985Inhibition of human 17beta-HSD7 expressed in HEK293 cells assessed as inhibition of reduction of [14C]estrone into [14C]estradiol at 3 uM after 7 hrs2009Journal of medicinal chemistry, Dec-10, Volume: 52, Issue:23
Potent and selective steroidal inhibitors of 17beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase type 7, an enzyme that catalyzes the reduction of the key hormones estrone and dihydrotestosterone.
AID1288910Cmax in patient (3 patients) with renal insufficiency at 250 mg, po administered as single dose by gas chromatography1999British journal of clinical pharmacology, Jan, Volume: 47, Issue:1
Pharmacokinetics of flutamide in patients with renal insufficiency.
AID1288938AUC (0 to 24 hrs) in patient (4 patients) with renal insufficiency assessed as hydroxy flutamide at 250 mg, po administered as single dose by gas chromatography1999British journal of clinical pharmacology, Jan, Volume: 47, Issue:1
Pharmacokinetics of flutamide in patients with renal insufficiency.
AID554089Induction of ERalpha in human LNCAP cells at 10 umol relative to control2011Journal of medicinal chemistry, Jan-13, Volume: 54, Issue:1
Arylpiperazines for management of benign prostatic hyperplasia: design, synthesis, quantitative structure-activity relationships, and pharmacokinetic studies.
AID1288959AUClast in patient (6 patients) with renal insufficiency assessed as hydroxy flutamide at 250 mg, po administered as single dose 4 hrs prior to hemodialysis treatment measured at starting time of dialysis and post dialysis treatment by gas chromatography1999British journal of clinical pharmacology, Jan, Volume: 47, Issue:1
Pharmacokinetics of flutamide in patients with renal insufficiency.
AID1217729Intrinsic clearance for reactive metabolites formation assessed as summation of [3H]GSH adduct formation rate-based reactive metabolites formation and cytochrome P450 (unknown origin) inactivation rate-based reactive metabolites formation2011Drug metabolism and disposition: the biological fate of chemicals, Jul, Volume: 39, Issue:7
Combination of GSH trapping and time-dependent inhibition assays as a predictive method of drugs generating highly reactive metabolites.
AID1079934Highest frequency of acute liver toxicity observed during clinical trials, expressed as a percentage. [column '% AIGUE' in source]
AID496825Antimicrobial activity against Leishmania mexicana2010Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry, Mar-15, Volume: 18, Issue:6
Multi-target spectral moment QSAR versus ANN for antiparasitic drugs against different parasite species.
AID1777671In vivo antagonist activity at AR in peripubertal castrated Sprague-Dawley rat assessed as inhibition of testosterone propionate-induced androgen-sensitive organ growth by measuring decrease in seminal vesicles and coagulating glands weight at 3 mg/kg, po2021ACS medicinal chemistry letters, Aug-12, Volume: 12, Issue:8
Spirocyclic Thiohydantoin Antagonists of F877L and Wild-Type Androgen Receptor for Castration-Resistant Prostate Cancer.
AID1053269Inhibition of COX-1 (unknown origin) using arachidonic acid as substrate assessed as formation of prostanoid products at 500 uM preincubated for 10 mins prior to substrate addition measured after 2 mins by Ellman's method relative to control2013Journal of medicinal chemistry, Nov-14, Volume: 56, Issue:21
Experimental confirmation of new drug-target interactions predicted by Drug Profile Matching.
AID1473740Inhibition of human MRP3 overexpressed in Sf9 insect cell membrane vesicles assessed as uptake of [3H]-estradiol-17beta-D-glucuronide in presence of ATP and GSH measured after 10 mins by membrane vesicle transport assay2013Toxicological sciences : an official journal of the Society of Toxicology, Nov, Volume: 136, Issue:1
A multifactorial approach to hepatobiliary transporter assessment enables improved therapeutic compound development.
AID1288952Drug excretion in urine of patient (6 patients) with renal insufficiency at 250 mg, po administered as single dose 4 hrs prior to hemodialysis treatment measured at starting time of dialysis and post dialysis treatment by gas chromatography1999British journal of clinical pharmacology, Jan, Volume: 47, Issue:1
Pharmacokinetics of flutamide in patients with renal insufficiency.
AID1209457Unbound Cmax in human plasma2012Drug metabolism and disposition: the biological fate of chemicals, Jan, Volume: 40, Issue:1
In vitro inhibition of the bile salt export pump correlates with risk of cholestatic drug-induced liver injury in humans.
AID1220068Drug metabolism assessed as loperamide-mediated inhibition of CES2-mediated compound hydrolysis in human jejunum microsomes at 5 uM relative to control2012Drug metabolism and disposition: the biological fate of chemicals, Jun, Volume: 40, Issue:6
Contributions of arylacetamide deacetylase and carboxylesterase 2 to flutamide hydrolysis in human liver.
AID1220093Drug metabolism assessed as CES2-mediated compound hydrolysis in human liver homogenates at 200 uM2012Drug metabolism and disposition: the biological fate of chemicals, Jun, Volume: 40, Issue:6
Contributions of arylacetamide deacetylase and carboxylesterase 2 to flutamide hydrolysis in human liver.
AID678716Inhibition of human CYP3A4 assessed as ratio of IC50 in absence of NADPH to IC50 for presence of NADPH using diethoxyfluorescein as substrate after 30 mins2012Chemical research in toxicology, Oct-15, Volume: 25, Issue:10
Preclinical strategy to reduce clinical hepatotoxicity using in vitro bioactivation data for >200 compounds.
AID1288903AUC (0 to 96 hrs) in patient (7 patients) with renal insufficiency at 250 mg, po assessed as hydroxy flutamide administered as single dose by gas chromatography1999British journal of clinical pharmacology, Jan, Volume: 47, Issue:1
Pharmacokinetics of flutamide in patients with renal insufficiency.
AID23700Partition coefficient (logP)1991Journal of medicinal chemistry, Jan, Volume: 34, Issue:1
Non-steroidal antiandrogens. Design of novel compounds based on an infrared study of the dominant conformation and hydrogen-bonding properties of a series of anilide antiandrogens.
AID1288884AUC (0 to 24 hrs) in patient (6 patients) with renal insufficiency assessed as hydroxy flutamide at 250 mg, po administered as single dose by gas chromatography1999British journal of clinical pharmacology, Jan, Volume: 47, Issue:1
Pharmacokinetics of flutamide in patients with renal insufficiency.
AID1288914AUClast in patient (3 patients) with renal insufficiency at 250 mg, po administered as single dose by gas chromatography1999British journal of clinical pharmacology, Jan, Volume: 47, Issue:1
Pharmacokinetics of flutamide in patients with renal insufficiency.
AID977602Inhibition of sodium fluorescein uptake in OATP1B3-transfected CHO cells at an equimolar substrate-inhibitor concentration of 10 uM2013Molecular pharmacology, Jun, Volume: 83, Issue:6
Structure-based identification of OATP1B1/3 inhibitors.
AID496820Antimicrobial activity against Trypanosoma brucei2010Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry, Mar-15, Volume: 18, Issue:6
Multi-target spectral moment QSAR versus ANN for antiparasitic drugs against different parasite species.
AID1288919Tmax in patient (3 patients) with renal insufficiency assessed as hydroxy flutamide at 250 mg, po administered as single dose by gas chromatography1999British journal of clinical pharmacology, Jan, Volume: 47, Issue:1
Pharmacokinetics of flutamide in patients with renal insufficiency.
AID242187Inhibition of [3H]mibolerone binding to human Androgen receptor of PC3/AR Cell Lysate2004Journal of medicinal chemistry, Nov-04, Volume: 47, Issue:23
Studies of targeting and intracellular trafficking of an anti-androgen doxorubicin-formaldehyde conjugate in PC-3 prostate cancer cells bearing androgen receptor-GFP chimera.
AID491347Displacement of [3H]dihydrotestosterone from GST-tagged human androgen receptor expressed in Escherichia coli HB101 at 10 uM by liquid scintillation counting relative to dihydrotestosterone2010Journal of medicinal chemistry, Jul-08, Volume: 53, Issue:13
Design and synthesis of androgen receptor full antagonists bearing a p-carborane cage: promising ligands for anti-androgen withdrawal syndrome.
AID1220071Activity of human recombinant CES2 assessed as compound hydrolysis2012Drug metabolism and disposition: the biological fate of chemicals, Jun, Volume: 40, Issue:6
Contributions of arylacetamide deacetylase and carboxylesterase 2 to flutamide hydrolysis in human liver.
AID38991Inhibition of 1.0 nM [3H]mibolerone binding to human androgen receptor of PC3/AR cell lysate2003Journal of medicinal chemistry, Nov-20, Volume: 46, Issue:24
Rational design and synthesis of androgen receptor-targeted nonsteroidal anti-androgen ligands for the tumor-specific delivery of a doxorubicin-formaldehyde conjugate.
AID1288950AUClast in patient (6 patients) with renal insufficiency at 250 mg, po administered as single dose 4 hrs prior to hemodialysis treatment measured at starting time of dialysis and post dialysis treatment by gas chromatography1999British journal of clinical pharmacology, Jan, Volume: 47, Issue:1
Pharmacokinetics of flutamide in patients with renal insufficiency.
AID588211Literature-mined compound from Fourches et al multi-species drug-induced liver injury (DILI) dataset, effect in humans2010Chemical research in toxicology, Jan, Volume: 23, Issue:1
Cheminformatics analysis of assertions mined from literature that describe drug-induced liver injury in different species.
AID1288963Drug excretion in urine of patient (6 patients) with renal insufficiency assessed as hydroxy flutamide at 250 mg, po administered as single dose 4 hrs prior to hemodialysis treatment measured at starting time of dialysis and post dialysis treatment by gas1999British journal of clinical pharmacology, Jan, Volume: 47, Issue:1
Pharmacokinetics of flutamide in patients with renal insufficiency.
AID496828Antimicrobial activity against Leishmania donovani2010Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry, Mar-15, Volume: 18, Issue:6
Multi-target spectral moment QSAR versus ANN for antiparasitic drugs against different parasite species.
AID244010Inhibition of [1-beta-2beta-3H]- -testosterone binding to human steroid 5-alpha-reductase type 2 of BPH tissue at 10 uM; - = not determined2005Journal of medicinal chemistry, Apr-21, Volume: 48, Issue:8
Novel C-17-heteroaryl steroidal CYP17 inhibitors/antiandrogens: synthesis, in vitro biological activity, pharmacokinetics, and antitumor activity in the LAPC4 human prostate cancer xenograft model.
AID1079938Chronic liver disease either proven histopathologically, or through a chonic elevation of serum amino-transferase activity after 6 months. Value is number of references indexed. [column 'CHRON' in source]
AID496832Antimicrobial activity against Trypanosoma brucei rhodesiense2010Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry, Mar-15, Volume: 18, Issue:6
Multi-target spectral moment QSAR versus ANN for antiparasitic drugs against different parasite species.
AID1288915Final time point in terminal phase in patient (3 patients) with renal insufficiency at 250 mg, po administered as single dose by gas chromatography1999British journal of clinical pharmacology, Jan, Volume: 47, Issue:1
Pharmacokinetics of flutamide in patients with renal insufficiency.
AID1079944Benign tumor, proven histopathologically. Value is number of references indexed. [column 'T.BEN' in source]
AID1220074Drug metabolism assessed as loperamide-mediated inhibition of human recombinant CES2-mediated compound hydrolysis measured as enzyme activity at 5 uM relative to control2012Drug metabolism and disposition: the biological fate of chemicals, Jun, Volume: 40, Issue:6
Contributions of arylacetamide deacetylase and carboxylesterase 2 to flutamide hydrolysis in human liver.
AID1210935Intrinsic clearance in rat lung microsome at 0.025 to 0.75 mM2012Drug metabolism and disposition: the biological fate of chemicals, Apr, Volume: 40, Issue:4
Species differences in tissue distribution and enzyme activities of arylacetamide deacetylase in human, rat, and mouse.
AID1210925Inhibition of AADAC in human kidney microsome2012Drug metabolism and disposition: the biological fate of chemicals, Apr, Volume: 40, Issue:4
Species differences in tissue distribution and enzyme activities of arylacetamide deacetylase in human, rat, and mouse.
AID1288888Final time point in terminal phase in patient (6 patients) with renal insufficiency assessed as hydroxy flutamide at 250 mg, po administered as single dose by gas chromatography1999British journal of clinical pharmacology, Jan, Volume: 47, Issue:1
Pharmacokinetics of flutamide in patients with renal insufficiency.
AID1288928Cmax in patient (4 patients) with renal insufficiency at 250 mg, po administered as single dose by gas chromatography1999British journal of clinical pharmacology, Jan, Volume: 47, Issue:1
Pharmacokinetics of flutamide in patients with renal insufficiency.
AID496824Antimicrobial activity against Toxoplasma gondii2010Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry, Mar-15, Volume: 18, Issue:6
Multi-target spectral moment QSAR versus ANN for antiparasitic drugs against different parasite species.
AID1288951Final time point in terminal phase in patient (6 patients) with renal insufficiency at 250 mg, po administered as single dose 4 hrs prior to hemodialysis treatment measured at starting time of dialysis and post dialysis treatment by gas chromatography1999British journal of clinical pharmacology, Jan, Volume: 47, Issue:1
Pharmacokinetics of flutamide in patients with renal insufficiency.
AID491348Growth inhibition of mouse SC3 cells after 3 days by WST-8 assay2010Journal of medicinal chemistry, Jul-08, Volume: 53, Issue:13
Design and synthesis of androgen receptor full antagonists bearing a p-carborane cage: promising ligands for anti-androgen withdrawal syndrome.
AID1443983Inhibition of human BSEP expressed in fall armyworm sf9 cell membrane vesicles assessed as reduction in vesicle-associated [3H]-taurocholate at 133 uM preincubated for 10 mins prior to ATP addition measured after 15 mins in presence of [3H]-taurocholate b2010Toxicological sciences : an official journal of the Society of Toxicology, Dec, Volume: 118, Issue:2
Interference with bile salt export pump function is a susceptibility factor for human liver injury in drug development.
AID1220072Inhibition of human recombinant CES2 assessed as compound hydrolysis2012Drug metabolism and disposition: the biological fate of chemicals, Jun, Volume: 40, Issue:6
Contributions of arylacetamide deacetylase and carboxylesterase 2 to flutamide hydrolysis in human liver.
AID1079948Times to onset, minimal and maximal, observed in the indexed observations. [column 'DELAI' in source]
AID1288908Drug excretion in urine of patient (7 patients) with renal insufficiency assessed as hydroxy flutamide at 250 mg, po administered as single dose by gas chromatography1999British journal of clinical pharmacology, Jan, Volume: 47, Issue:1
Pharmacokinetics of flutamide in patients with renal insufficiency.
AID269845Antagonist activity at human androgen receptor in HepG2 cells by luciferase activity relative to R1881 at 5 uM2006Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters, Aug-15, Volume: 16, Issue:16
Identification of a lead pharmacophore for the development of potent nuclear receptor modulators as anticancer and X syndrome disease therapeutic agents.
AID678712Inhibition of human CYP1A2 assessed as ratio of IC50 in absence of NADPH to IC50 for presence of NADPH using ethoxyresorufin as substrate after 30 mins2012Chemical research in toxicology, Oct-15, Volume: 25, Issue:10
Preclinical strategy to reduce clinical hepatotoxicity using in vitro bioactivation data for >200 compounds.
AID1210934Intrinsic clearance in rat kidney microsome at 0.025 to 0.75 mM2012Drug metabolism and disposition: the biological fate of chemicals, Apr, Volume: 40, Issue:4
Species differences in tissue distribution and enzyme activities of arylacetamide deacetylase in human, rat, and mouse.
AID1288924Final time point in terminal phase in patient (3 patients) with renal insufficiency assessed as hydroxy flutamide at 250 mg, po administered as single dose by gas chromatography1999British journal of clinical pharmacology, Jan, Volume: 47, Issue:1
Pharmacokinetics of flutamide in patients with renal insufficiency.
AID1288878AUClast in patient (6 patients) with renal insufficiency at 250 mg, po administered as single dose by gas chromatography1999British journal of clinical pharmacology, Jan, Volume: 47, Issue:1
Pharmacokinetics of flutamide in patients with renal insufficiency.
AID1217710Covalent binding in human liver microsomes measured per mg of protein using radiolabelled compound at 10 uM after 1 hr incubation by liquid scintillation counting2011Drug metabolism and disposition: the biological fate of chemicals, Jul, Volume: 39, Issue:7
Combination of GSH trapping and time-dependent inhibition assays as a predictive method of drugs generating highly reactive metabolites.
AID1220069Drug metabolism assessed as loperamide-mediated inhibition of CES2-mediated compound hydrolysis in human liver cytosol at 5 uM relative to control2012Drug metabolism and disposition: the biological fate of chemicals, Jun, Volume: 40, Issue:6
Contributions of arylacetamide deacetylase and carboxylesterase 2 to flutamide hydrolysis in human liver.
AID1210917Activity of AADAC in human liver microsome2012Drug metabolism and disposition: the biological fate of chemicals, Apr, Volume: 40, Issue:4
Species differences in tissue distribution and enzyme activities of arylacetamide deacetylase in human, rat, and mouse.
AID1288967AUC in patient with renal insufficiency at 250 mg, po administered first dose followed by 14 days wash out period and administered second dose 4 hrs prior to hemodialysis measured during hemodialysis treatment by gas chromatography1999British journal of clinical pharmacology, Jan, Volume: 47, Issue:1
Pharmacokinetics of flutamide in patients with renal insufficiency.
AID1210922Intrinsic clearance in human jejunum microsome at 0.005 to 0.75 mM2012Drug metabolism and disposition: the biological fate of chemicals, Apr, Volume: 40, Issue:4
Species differences in tissue distribution and enzyme activities of arylacetamide deacetylase in human, rat, and mouse.
AID1220070Drug metabolism assessed as human recombinant CES1-mediated compound hydrolysis at 5 uM2012Drug metabolism and disposition: the biological fate of chemicals, Jun, Volume: 40, Issue:6
Contributions of arylacetamide deacetylase and carboxylesterase 2 to flutamide hydrolysis in human liver.
AID1768874Anticancer activity against human HepG2 cells assessed as inhibition of cell proliferation measured after 72 hrs by MTT assay2021Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry, 09-15, Volume: 46Design, synthesis, and antitumor activity evaluation of steroidal oximes.
AID496817Antimicrobial activity against Trypanosoma cruzi2010Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry, Mar-15, Volume: 18, Issue:6
Multi-target spectral moment QSAR versus ANN for antiparasitic drugs against different parasite species.
AID1768872Anticancer activity against human WiDr cells assessed as inhibition of cell proliferation measured after 72 hrs by MTT assay2021Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry, 09-15, Volume: 46Design, synthesis, and antitumor activity evaluation of steroidal oximes.
AID1473741Inhibition of human MRP4 overexpressed in Sf9 cell membrane vesicles assessed as uptake of [3H]-estradiol-17beta-D-glucuronide in presence of ATP and GSH measured after 20 mins by membrane vesicle transport assay2013Toxicological sciences : an official journal of the Society of Toxicology, Nov, Volume: 136, Issue:1
A multifactorial approach to hepatobiliary transporter assessment enables improved therapeutic compound development.
AID1079941Liver damage due to vascular disease: peliosis hepatitis, hepatic veno-occlusive disease, Budd-Chiari syndrome. Value is number of references indexed. [column 'VASC' in source]
AID1220090Drug metabolism assessed as AADAC-mediated compound hydrolysis in human liver homogenates at 200 uM2012Drug metabolism and disposition: the biological fate of chemicals, Jun, Volume: 40, Issue:6
Contributions of arylacetamide deacetylase and carboxylesterase 2 to flutamide hydrolysis in human liver.
AID625287Drug Induced Liver Injury Prediction System (DILIps) training set; hepatic side effect (HepSE) score for hepatomegaly2011PLoS computational biology, Dec, Volume: 7, Issue:12
Translating clinical findings into knowledge in drug safety evaluation--drug induced liver injury prediction system (DILIps).
AID1288890Drug excretion in urine of patient (6 patients) with renal insufficiency assessed as hydroxy flutamide at 250 mg, po administered as single dose by gas chromatography1999British journal of clinical pharmacology, Jan, Volume: 47, Issue:1
Pharmacokinetics of flutamide in patients with renal insufficiency.
AID521220Inhibition of neurosphere proliferation of mouse neural precursor cells by MTT assay2007Nature chemical biology, May, Volume: 3, Issue:5
Chemical genetics reveals a complex functional ground state of neural stem cells.
AID386623Inhibition of 4-(4-(dimethylamino)styryl)-N-methylpyridinium uptake at human OCT1 expressed in HEK293 cells at 100 uM by confocal microscopy2008Journal of medicinal chemistry, Oct-09, Volume: 51, Issue:19
Structural requirements for drug inhibition of the liver specific human organic cation transport protein 1.
AID554088Induction of ERbeta in human LNCAP cells at 10 umol relative to control2011Journal of medicinal chemistry, Jan-13, Volume: 54, Issue:1
Arylpiperazines for management of benign prostatic hyperplasia: design, synthesis, quantitative structure-activity relationships, and pharmacokinetic studies.
AID39323Relative binding affinity against rat ventral prostate androgen receptor using competition assay after 18 hours.1990Journal of medicinal chemistry, Aug, Volume: 33, Issue:8
Antiandrogenic steroidal sulfonylpyrazoles.
AID524796Antiplasmodial activity against Plasmodium falciparum W2 after 72 hrs by SYBR green assay2009Nature chemical biology, Oct, Volume: 5, Issue:10
Genetic mapping of targets mediating differential chemical phenotypes in Plasmodium falciparum.
AID1217712Time dependent inhibition of CYP2C8 (unknown origin) at 100 uM by LC/MS system2011Drug metabolism and disposition: the biological fate of chemicals, Jul, Volume: 39, Issue:7
Combination of GSH trapping and time-dependent inhibition assays as a predictive method of drugs generating highly reactive metabolites.
AID192021Agonist activity indicated by a statistically significant increase in ventral prostate gland weight compared, to control animals; NA means no statistically significant increase in ventral prostate weight compared to controls.1988Journal of medicinal chemistry, May, Volume: 31, Issue:5
Nonsteroidal antiandrogens. Synthesis and structure-activity relationships of 3-substituted derivatives of 2-hydroxypropionanilides.
AID1079931Moderate liver toxicity, defined via clinical-chemistry results: ALT or AST serum activity 6 times the normal upper limit (N) or alkaline phosphatase serum activity of 1.7 N. Value is number of references indexed. [column 'BIOL' in source]
AID554087Anticancer activity against human LNCAP cells assessed as change in PSA gene expression at 10 umol after 48 hrs by RT-PCR analysis2011Journal of medicinal chemistry, Jan-13, Volume: 54, Issue:1
Arylpiperazines for management of benign prostatic hyperplasia: design, synthesis, quantitative structure-activity relationships, and pharmacokinetic studies.
AID1288958AUC (0 to 96 hrs) in patient (6 patients) with renal insufficiency assessed as hydroxy flutamide at 250 mg, po administered as single dose 4 hrs prior to hemodialysis treatment measured at starting time of dialysis and post dialysis treatment by gas chrom1999British journal of clinical pharmacology, Jan, Volume: 47, Issue:1
Pharmacokinetics of flutamide in patients with renal insufficiency.
AID1288899Renal clearance in patient (7 patients) with renal insufficiency at 250 mg, po administered as single dose by gas chromatography1999British journal of clinical pharmacology, Jan, Volume: 47, Issue:1
Pharmacokinetics of flutamide in patients with renal insufficiency.
AID1288918Cmax in patient (3 patients) with renal insufficiency assessed as hydroxy flutamide at 250 mg, po administered as single dose by gas chromatography1999British journal of clinical pharmacology, Jan, Volume: 47, Issue:1
Pharmacokinetics of flutamide in patients with renal insufficiency.
AID1288954Drug recovery in dialysate of patient (6 patients) with renal insufficiency at 250 mg, po administered as single dose 4 hrs prior to hemodialysis treatment measured during dialysis treatment by gas chromatography1999British journal of clinical pharmacology, Jan, Volume: 47, Issue:1
Pharmacokinetics of flutamide in patients with renal insufficiency.
AID1288921AUC (0 to 96 hrs) in patient (3 patients) with renal insufficiency at 250 mg, po assessed as hydroxy flutamide administered as single dose by gas chromatography1999British journal of clinical pharmacology, Jan, Volume: 47, Issue:1
Pharmacokinetics of flutamide in patients with renal insufficiency.
AID496826Antimicrobial activity against Entamoeba histolytica2010Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry, Mar-15, Volume: 18, Issue:6
Multi-target spectral moment QSAR versus ANN for antiparasitic drugs against different parasite species.
AID1220091Drug metabolism assessed as CES2-mediated compound hydrolysis in human liver homogenates at 5 uM2012Drug metabolism and disposition: the biological fate of chemicals, Jun, Volume: 40, Issue:6
Contributions of arylacetamide deacetylase and carboxylesterase 2 to flutamide hydrolysis in human liver.
AID39003Binding affinity against GST-hARLBD was measured in SC-3 cell by using [3H]testosterone as radioligand2003Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters, Aug-18, Volume: 13, Issue:16
Anti-androgens with full antagonistic activity toward human prostate tumor LNCaP cells with mutated androgen receptor.
AID1288913AUC (0 to 96 hrs) in patient (3 patients) with renal insufficiency at 250 mg, po administered as single dose by gas chromatography1999British journal of clinical pharmacology, Jan, Volume: 47, Issue:1
Pharmacokinetics of flutamide in patients with renal insufficiency.
AID1217707Time dependent inhibition of CYP2C19 in human liver microsomes at 100 uM by LC/MS system2011Drug metabolism and disposition: the biological fate of chemicals, Jul, Volume: 39, Issue:7
Combination of GSH trapping and time-dependent inhibition assays as a predictive method of drugs generating highly reactive metabolites.
AID1688196Solubility of compound in PBS at pH 7.42020European journal of medicinal chemistry, Feb-15, Volume: 188Minor chemical modifications of the aminosteroid derivative RM-581 lead to major impact on its anticancer activity, metabolic stability and aqueous solubility.
AID625280Drug Induced Liver Injury Prediction System (DILIps) training set; hepatic side effect (HepSE) score for cholecystitis2011PLoS computational biology, Dec, Volume: 7, Issue:12
Translating clinical findings into knowledge in drug safety evaluation--drug induced liver injury prediction system (DILIps).
AID1288912AUC (0 to 24 hrs) in patient (3 patients) with renal insufficiency at 250 mg, po administered as single dose by gas chromatography1999British journal of clinical pharmacology, Jan, Volume: 47, Issue:1
Pharmacokinetics of flutamide in patients with renal insufficiency.
AID670341Cytotoxicity against androgen-dependent human LNCAP cells after 72 hrs by SRB assay2012Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry, Jul-01, Volume: 20, Issue:13
Antitumor agents 290. Design, synthesis, and biological evaluation of new LNCaP and PC-3 cytotoxic curcumin analogs conjugated with anti-androgens.
AID1288900Cmax in patient (7 patients) with renal insufficiency assessed as hydroxy flutamide at 250 mg, po administered as single dose by gas chromatography1999British journal of clinical pharmacology, Jan, Volume: 47, Issue:1
Pharmacokinetics of flutamide in patients with renal insufficiency.
AID625292Drug Induced Liver Injury Prediction System (DILIps) training set; hepatic side effect (HepSE) combined score2011PLoS computational biology, Dec, Volume: 7, Issue:12
Translating clinical findings into knowledge in drug safety evaluation--drug induced liver injury prediction system (DILIps).
AID244022Inhibition of [1-beta-3H]-androstenedione binding to human steroid 5-alpha-reductase type I expressed in DU-145 cells at 10 uM; - = not determined2005Journal of medicinal chemistry, Apr-21, Volume: 48, Issue:8
Novel C-17-heteroaryl steroidal CYP17 inhibitors/antiandrogens: synthesis, in vitro biological activity, pharmacokinetics, and antitumor activity in the LAPC4 human prostate cancer xenograft model.
AID678719Metabolic stability in human liver microsomes assessed as medium signal/noise ratio (S/N of 10 to 100) by measuring GSH adduct formation at 100 uM after 90 mins by HPLC-MS analysis2012Chemical research in toxicology, Oct-15, Volume: 25, Issue:10
Preclinical strategy to reduce clinical hepatotoxicity using in vitro bioactivation data for >200 compounds.
AID1288964Renal clearance in patient (6 patients) with renal insufficiency assessed as hydroxy flutamide at 250 mg, po administered as single dose 4 hrs prior to hemodialysis treatment measured at starting time of dialysis and post dialysis treatment by gas chromat1999British journal of clinical pharmacology, Jan, Volume: 47, Issue:1
Pharmacokinetics of flutamide in patients with renal insufficiency.
AID1216815Metabolic activation assessed as CYP2C9 activation-induced cytotoxicity in human HepG2 cells transfected with human AdCYP2C9 at MOI 10 for 2 days in presence of siNrf2 at 25 to 75 uM after 24 hrs by WST-8 assay2011Drug metabolism and disposition: the biological fate of chemicals, May, Volume: 39, Issue:5
CYP2C9-mediated metabolic activation of losartan detected by a highly sensitive cell-based screening assay.
AID1079940Granulomatous liver disease, proven histopathologically. Value is number of references indexed. [column 'GRAN' in source]
AID177269Anti-androgenic activity in vivo on groups of five rats treated with seven daily subcutaneous doses of testosterone propionate at 200 ug/kg1991Journal of medicinal chemistry, Jan, Volume: 34, Issue:1
Non-steroidal antiandrogens. Design of novel compounds based on an infrared study of the dominant conformation and hydrogen-bonding properties of a series of anilide antiandrogens.
AID1220079Drug metabolism assessed as human recombinant AADAC-mediated compound hydrolysis expressed in SF21 cells at 50 uM2012Drug metabolism and disposition: the biological fate of chemicals, Jun, Volume: 40, Issue:6
Contributions of arylacetamide deacetylase and carboxylesterase 2 to flutamide hydrolysis in human liver.
AID1288933Final time point in terminal phase in patient (4 patients) with renal insufficiency at 250 mg, po administered as single dose by gas chromatography1999British journal of clinical pharmacology, Jan, Volume: 47, Issue:1
Pharmacokinetics of flutamide in patients with renal insufficiency.
AID1288941AUC (0 to infinity) in patient (4 patients) with renal insufficiency at 250 mg, po assessed as hydroxy flutamide administered as single dose by gas chromatography1999British journal of clinical pharmacology, Jan, Volume: 47, Issue:1
Pharmacokinetics of flutamide in patients with renal insufficiency.
AID1288973Toxicity in patient with renal insufficiency assessed as fatigue at 250 mg, po administered as single dose1999British journal of clinical pharmacology, Jan, Volume: 47, Issue:1
Pharmacokinetics of flutamide in patients with renal insufficiency.
AID1217704Time dependent inhibition of CYP1A2 (unknown origin) at 100 uM by LC/MS system2011Drug metabolism and disposition: the biological fate of chemicals, Jul, Volume: 39, Issue:7
Combination of GSH trapping and time-dependent inhibition assays as a predictive method of drugs generating highly reactive metabolites.
AID445836Agonist activity at androgen receptor LBD T877A mutant in mouse NIH3T3 cells transiently transfected with beta-galactosidase reporter gene assessed as cellular transformation by R-SAT assay relative to dihydrotestosterone2009Journal of medicinal chemistry, Nov-26, Volume: 52, Issue:22
Synthesis, structure-activity relationships, and characterization of novel nonsteroidal and selective androgen receptor modulators.
AID473864Antagonist activity at AR in human MDA-kb2 cells co-transfected with MMTV-luc assessed as decrease in DHT-induced luciferase activity by reporter gene assay2010Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters, Apr-01, Volume: 20, Issue:7
Effect of essential oils, such as raspberry ketone and its derivatives, on antiandrogenic activity based on in vitro reporter gene assay.
AID1210891Intrinsic clearance in mouse jejunum microsome at 0.005 to 0.75 mM2012Drug metabolism and disposition: the biological fate of chemicals, Apr, Volume: 40, Issue:4
Species differences in tissue distribution and enzyme activities of arylacetamide deacetylase in human, rat, and mouse.
AID1210921Intrinsic clearance in human Liver microsome at 0.025 to 0.75 mM2012Drug metabolism and disposition: the biological fate of chemicals, Apr, Volume: 40, Issue:4
Species differences in tissue distribution and enzyme activities of arylacetamide deacetylase in human, rat, and mouse.
AID1217708Time dependent inhibition of CYP2D6 (unknown origin) at 100 uM by LC/MS system2011Drug metabolism and disposition: the biological fate of chemicals, Jul, Volume: 39, Issue:7
Combination of GSH trapping and time-dependent inhibition assays as a predictive method of drugs generating highly reactive metabolites.
AID625286Drug Induced Liver Injury Prediction System (DILIps) training set; hepatic side effect (HepSE) score for hepatitis2011PLoS computational biology, Dec, Volume: 7, Issue:12
Translating clinical findings into knowledge in drug safety evaluation--drug induced liver injury prediction system (DILIps).
AID524795Antiplasmodial activity against Plasmodium falciparum HB3 after 72 hrs by SYBR green assay2009Nature chemical biology, Oct, Volume: 5, Issue:10
Genetic mapping of targets mediating differential chemical phenotypes in Plasmodium falciparum.
AID678715Inhibition of human CYP2D6 assessed as ratio of IC50 in absence of NADPH to IC50 for presence of NADPH using 4-methylaminoethyl-7-methoxycoumarin as substrate after 30 mins2012Chemical research in toxicology, Oct-15, Volume: 25, Issue:10
Preclinical strategy to reduce clinical hepatotoxicity using in vitro bioactivation data for >200 compounds.
AID1661979Inhibition of PSA mRNA expression in human 22Rv1 cells at 10 uM pre-incubated for 2 hrs before pregnenolone stimulation for 24 hrs by RT-qPCR analysis2020Journal of medicinal chemistry, 09-24, Volume: 63, Issue:18
Development of Novel AKR1C3 Inhibitors as New Potential Treatment for Castration-Resistant Prostate Cancer.
AID1210924Inhibition of AADAC in human jejunum microsome2012Drug metabolism and disposition: the biological fate of chemicals, Apr, Volume: 40, Issue:4
Species differences in tissue distribution and enzyme activities of arylacetamide deacetylase in human, rat, and mouse.
AID1210889Ratio Vmax to Km in mouse recombinant AADAC2012Drug metabolism and disposition: the biological fate of chemicals, Apr, Volume: 40, Issue:4
Species differences in tissue distribution and enzyme activities of arylacetamide deacetylase in human, rat, and mouse.
AID678713Inhibition of human CYP2C9 assessed as ratio of IC50 in absence of NADPH to IC50 for presence of NADPH using 7-methoxy-4-trifluoromethylcoumarin-3-acetic acid as substrate after 30 mins2012Chemical research in toxicology, Oct-15, Volume: 25, Issue:10
Preclinical strategy to reduce clinical hepatotoxicity using in vitro bioactivation data for >200 compounds.
AID1220077Intrinsic clearance in human liver microsomes2012Drug metabolism and disposition: the biological fate of chemicals, Jun, Volume: 40, Issue:6
Contributions of arylacetamide deacetylase and carboxylesterase 2 to flutamide hydrolysis in human liver.
AID588208Literature-mined public compounds from Lowe et al phospholipidosis modelling dataset2010Molecular pharmaceutics, Oct-04, Volume: 7, Issue:5
Predicting phospholipidosis using machine learning.
AID39300In vitro relative binding affinity for rat Androgen receptor1991Journal of medicinal chemistry, Jan, Volume: 34, Issue:1
Non-steroidal antiandrogens. Design of novel compounds based on an infrared study of the dominant conformation and hydrogen-bonding properties of a series of anilide antiandrogens.
AID1443995Hepatotoxicity in human assessed as drug-induced liver injury2014Hepatology (Baltimore, Md.), Sep, Volume: 60, Issue:3
Human drug-induced liver injury severity is highly associated with dual inhibition of liver mitochondrial function and bile salt export pump.
AID1288956Tmax in patient (6 patients) with renal insufficiency assessed as hydroxy flutamide at 250 mg, po administered as single dose 4 hrs prior to hemodialysis treatment measured at starting time of dialysis and post dialysis treatment by gas chromatography1999British journal of clinical pharmacology, Jan, Volume: 47, Issue:1
Pharmacokinetics of flutamide in patients with renal insufficiency.
AID1220086Drug metabolism assessed as AADAC-mediated compound hydrolysis in human liver homogenates at 5 to 200 uM2012Drug metabolism and disposition: the biological fate of chemicals, Jun, Volume: 40, Issue:6
Contributions of arylacetamide deacetylase and carboxylesterase 2 to flutamide hydrolysis in human liver.
AID392618Antiandrogenic activity in human MDA-MB-453 cells expressing androgen receptor assessed as inhibition of DHT-induced androgen-dependent transcription by luciferase reporter gene assay2009Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters, Feb-15, Volume: 19, Issue:4
N-Benzyl-1-heteroaryl-3-(trifluoromethyl)-1H-pyrazole-5-carboxamides as inhibitors of co-activator associated arginine methyltransferase 1 (CARM1).
AID625291Drug Induced Liver Injury Prediction System (DILIps) training set; hepatic side effect (HepSE) score for liver function tests abnormal2011PLoS computational biology, Dec, Volume: 7, Issue:12
Translating clinical findings into knowledge in drug safety evaluation--drug induced liver injury prediction system (DILIps).
AID1675852Anticancer activity against human K562 cells assessed as inhibition of cell growth incubated for 48 hrs by MTT assay2020Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters, 11-01, Volume: 30, Issue:21
Synthesis of flutamide-conjugates.
AID1470701Cytotoxicity against human LNCAP cells after 24 hrs by MTT assay2017European journal of medicinal chemistry, May-26, Volume: 132Novel aryl piperazines for alleviation of 'andropause' associated prostatic disorders and depression.
AID1296008Cytotoxic Profiling of Annotated Libraries Using Quantitative High-Throughput Screening2020SLAS discovery : advancing life sciences R & D, 01, Volume: 25, Issue:1
Cytotoxic Profiling of Annotated and Diverse Chemical Libraries Using Quantitative High-Throughput Screening.
AID1347102qHTS of pediatric cancer cell lines to identify multiple opportunities for drug repurposing: Primary screen for Rh18 cells2018Oncotarget, Jan-12, Volume: 9, Issue:4
Quantitative high-throughput phenotypic screening of pediatric cancer cell lines identifies multiple opportunities for drug repurposing.
AID1347093qHTS of pediatric cancer cell lines to identify multiple opportunities for drug repurposing: Primary screen for SK-N-MC cells2018Oncotarget, Jan-12, Volume: 9, Issue:4
Quantitative high-throughput phenotypic screening of pediatric cancer cell lines identifies multiple opportunities for drug repurposing.
AID1347407qHTS to identify inhibitors of the type 1 interferon - major histocompatibility complex class I in skeletal muscle: primary screen against the NCATS Pharmaceutical Collection2020ACS chemical biology, 07-17, Volume: 15, Issue:7
High-Throughput Screening to Identify Inhibitors of the Type I Interferon-Major Histocompatibility Complex Class I Pathway in Skeletal Muscle.
AID1347154Primary screen GU AMC qHTS for Zika virus inhibitors2020Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, 12-08, Volume: 117, Issue:49
Therapeutic candidates for the Zika virus identified by a high-throughput screen for Zika protease inhibitors.
AID1347097qHTS of pediatric cancer cell lines to identify multiple opportunities for drug repurposing: Primary screen for Saos-2 cells2018Oncotarget, Jan-12, Volume: 9, Issue:4
Quantitative high-throughput phenotypic screening of pediatric cancer cell lines identifies multiple opportunities for drug repurposing.
AID1347095qHTS of pediatric cancer cell lines to identify multiple opportunities for drug repurposing: Primary screen for NB-EBc1 cells2018Oncotarget, Jan-12, Volume: 9, Issue:4
Quantitative high-throughput phenotypic screening of pediatric cancer cell lines identifies multiple opportunities for drug repurposing.
AID1347090qHTS of pediatric cancer cell lines to identify multiple opportunities for drug repurposing: Primary screen for DAOY cells2018Oncotarget, Jan-12, Volume: 9, Issue:4
Quantitative high-throughput phenotypic screening of pediatric cancer cell lines identifies multiple opportunities for drug repurposing.
AID1347425Rhodamine-PBP qHTS Assay for Modulators of WT P53-Induced Phosphatase 1 (WIP1)2019The Journal of biological chemistry, 11-15, Volume: 294, Issue:46
Physiologically relevant orthogonal assays for the discovery of small-molecule modulators of WIP1 phosphatase in high-throughput screens.
AID1347091qHTS of pediatric cancer cell lines to identify multiple opportunities for drug repurposing: Primary screen for SJ-GBM2 cells2018Oncotarget, Jan-12, Volume: 9, Issue:4
Quantitative high-throughput phenotypic screening of pediatric cancer cell lines identifies multiple opportunities for drug repurposing.
AID1347103qHTS of pediatric cancer cell lines to identify multiple opportunities for drug repurposing: Primary screen for OHS-50 cells2018Oncotarget, Jan-12, Volume: 9, Issue:4
Quantitative high-throughput phenotypic screening of pediatric cancer cell lines identifies multiple opportunities for drug repurposing.
AID1347424RapidFire Mass Spectrometry qHTS Assay for Modulators of WT P53-Induced Phosphatase 1 (WIP1)2019The Journal of biological chemistry, 11-15, Volume: 294, Issue:46
Physiologically relevant orthogonal assays for the discovery of small-molecule modulators of WIP1 phosphatase in high-throughput screens.
AID1347092qHTS of pediatric cancer cell lines to identify multiple opportunities for drug repurposing: Primary screen for A673 cells2018Oncotarget, Jan-12, Volume: 9, Issue:4
Quantitative high-throughput phenotypic screening of pediatric cancer cell lines identifies multiple opportunities for drug repurposing.
AID1347098qHTS of pediatric cancer cell lines to identify multiple opportunities for drug repurposing: Primary screen for SK-N-SH cells2018Oncotarget, Jan-12, Volume: 9, Issue:4
Quantitative high-throughput phenotypic screening of pediatric cancer cell lines identifies multiple opportunities for drug repurposing.
AID651635Viability Counterscreen for Primary qHTS for Inhibitors of ATXN expression
AID1347089qHTS of pediatric cancer cell lines to identify multiple opportunities for drug repurposing: Primary screen for TC32 cells2018Oncotarget, Jan-12, Volume: 9, Issue:4
Quantitative high-throughput phenotypic screening of pediatric cancer cell lines identifies multiple opportunities for drug repurposing.
AID1347094qHTS of pediatric cancer cell lines to identify multiple opportunities for drug repurposing: Primary screen for BT-37 cells2018Oncotarget, Jan-12, Volume: 9, Issue:4
Quantitative high-throughput phenotypic screening of pediatric cancer cell lines identifies multiple opportunities for drug repurposing.
AID1347096qHTS of pediatric cancer cell lines to identify multiple opportunities for drug repurposing: Primary screen for U-2 OS cells2018Oncotarget, Jan-12, Volume: 9, Issue:4
Quantitative high-throughput phenotypic screening of pediatric cancer cell lines identifies multiple opportunities for drug repurposing.
AID1347106qHTS of pediatric cancer cell lines to identify multiple opportunities for drug repurposing: Primary screen for control Hh wild type fibroblast cells2018Oncotarget, Jan-12, Volume: 9, Issue:4
Quantitative high-throughput phenotypic screening of pediatric cancer cell lines identifies multiple opportunities for drug repurposing.
AID1347105qHTS of pediatric cancer cell lines to identify multiple opportunities for drug repurposing: Primary screen for MG 63 (6-TG R) cells2018Oncotarget, Jan-12, Volume: 9, Issue:4
Quantitative high-throughput phenotypic screening of pediatric cancer cell lines identifies multiple opportunities for drug repurposing.
AID1347100qHTS of pediatric cancer cell lines to identify multiple opportunities for drug repurposing: Primary screen for LAN-5 cells2018Oncotarget, Jan-12, Volume: 9, Issue:4
Quantitative high-throughput phenotypic screening of pediatric cancer cell lines identifies multiple opportunities for drug repurposing.
AID1347101qHTS of pediatric cancer cell lines to identify multiple opportunities for drug repurposing: Primary screen for BT-12 cells2018Oncotarget, Jan-12, Volume: 9, Issue:4
Quantitative high-throughput phenotypic screening of pediatric cancer cell lines identifies multiple opportunities for drug repurposing.
AID1745845Primary qHTS for Inhibitors of ATXN expression
AID1347099qHTS of pediatric cancer cell lines to identify multiple opportunities for drug repurposing: Primary screen for NB1643 cells2018Oncotarget, Jan-12, Volume: 9, Issue:4
Quantitative high-throughput phenotypic screening of pediatric cancer cell lines identifies multiple opportunities for drug repurposing.
AID1347108qHTS of pediatric cancer cell lines to identify multiple opportunities for drug repurposing: Primary screen for Rh41 cells2018Oncotarget, Jan-12, Volume: 9, Issue:4
Quantitative high-throughput phenotypic screening of pediatric cancer cell lines identifies multiple opportunities for drug repurposing.
AID1347107qHTS of pediatric cancer cell lines to identify multiple opportunities for drug repurposing: Primary screen for Rh30 cells2018Oncotarget, Jan-12, Volume: 9, Issue:4
Quantitative high-throughput phenotypic screening of pediatric cancer cell lines identifies multiple opportunities for drug repurposing.
AID1347104qHTS of pediatric cancer cell lines to identify multiple opportunities for drug repurposing: Primary screen for RD cells2018Oncotarget, Jan-12, Volume: 9, Issue:4
Quantitative high-throughput phenotypic screening of pediatric cancer cell lines identifies multiple opportunities for drug repurposing.
AID1347109qHTS of pediatric cancer cell lines to identify multiple opportunities for drug repurposing: Confirmatory screen for NB1643 cells2018Oncotarget, Jan-12, Volume: 9, Issue:4
Quantitative high-throughput phenotypic screening of pediatric cancer cell lines identifies multiple opportunities for drug repurposing.
AID1347121qHTS of pediatric cancer cell lines to identify multiple opportunities for drug repurposing: Confirmatory screen for control Hh wild type fibroblast cells2018Oncotarget, Jan-12, Volume: 9, Issue:4
Quantitative high-throughput phenotypic screening of pediatric cancer cell lines identifies multiple opportunities for drug repurposing.
AID1347122qHTS of pediatric cancer cell lines to identify multiple opportunities for drug repurposing: Confirmatory screen for U-2 OS cells2018Oncotarget, Jan-12, Volume: 9, Issue:4
Quantitative high-throughput phenotypic screening of pediatric cancer cell lines identifies multiple opportunities for drug repurposing.
AID1347110qHTS of pediatric cancer cell lines to identify multiple opportunities for drug repurposing: Confirmatory screen for A673 cells)2018Oncotarget, Jan-12, Volume: 9, Issue:4
Quantitative high-throughput phenotypic screening of pediatric cancer cell lines identifies multiple opportunities for drug repurposing.
AID1347126qHTS of pediatric cancer cell lines to identify multiple opportunities for drug repurposing: Confirmatory screen for Rh30 cells2018Oncotarget, Jan-12, Volume: 9, Issue:4
Quantitative high-throughput phenotypic screening of pediatric cancer cell lines identifies multiple opportunities for drug repurposing.
AID1347127qHTS of pediatric cancer cell lines to identify multiple opportunities for drug repurposing: Confirmatory screen for Saos-2 cells2018Oncotarget, Jan-12, Volume: 9, Issue:4
Quantitative high-throughput phenotypic screening of pediatric cancer cell lines identifies multiple opportunities for drug repurposing.
AID1347119qHTS of pediatric cancer cell lines to identify multiple opportunities for drug repurposing: Confirmatory screen for MG 63 (6-TG R) cells2018Oncotarget, Jan-12, Volume: 9, Issue:4
Quantitative high-throughput phenotypic screening of pediatric cancer cell lines identifies multiple opportunities for drug repurposing.
AID1347111qHTS of pediatric cancer cell lines to identify multiple opportunities for drug repurposing: Confirmatory screen for SK-N-MC cells2018Oncotarget, Jan-12, Volume: 9, Issue:4
Quantitative high-throughput phenotypic screening of pediatric cancer cell lines identifies multiple opportunities for drug repurposing.
AID1346987P-glycoprotein substrates identified in KB-8-5-11 adenocarcinoma cell line, qHTS therapeutic library screen2019Molecular pharmacology, 11, Volume: 96, Issue:5
A High-Throughput Screen of a Library of Therapeutics Identifies Cytotoxic Substrates of P-glycoprotein.
AID1347116qHTS of pediatric cancer cell lines to identify multiple opportunities for drug repurposing: Confirmatory screen for SJ-GBM2 cells2018Oncotarget, Jan-12, Volume: 9, Issue:4
Quantitative high-throughput phenotypic screening of pediatric cancer cell lines identifies multiple opportunities for drug repurposing.
AID1347128qHTS of pediatric cancer cell lines to identify multiple opportunities for drug repurposing: Confirmatory screen for OHS-50 cells2018Oncotarget, Jan-12, Volume: 9, Issue:4
Quantitative high-throughput phenotypic screening of pediatric cancer cell lines identifies multiple opportunities for drug repurposing.
AID1347112qHTS of pediatric cancer cell lines to identify multiple opportunities for drug repurposing: Confirmatory screen for BT-12 cells2018Oncotarget, Jan-12, Volume: 9, Issue:4
Quantitative high-throughput phenotypic screening of pediatric cancer cell lines identifies multiple opportunities for drug repurposing.
AID1347129qHTS of pediatric cancer cell lines to identify multiple opportunities for drug repurposing: Confirmatory screen for SK-N-SH cells2018Oncotarget, Jan-12, Volume: 9, Issue:4
Quantitative high-throughput phenotypic screening of pediatric cancer cell lines identifies multiple opportunities for drug repurposing.
AID1346986P-glycoprotein substrates identified in KB-3-1 adenocarcinoma cell line, qHTS therapeutic library screen2019Molecular pharmacology, 11, Volume: 96, Issue:5
A High-Throughput Screen of a Library of Therapeutics Identifies Cytotoxic Substrates of P-glycoprotein.
AID1347117qHTS of pediatric cancer cell lines to identify multiple opportunities for drug repurposing: Confirmatory screen for BT-37 cells2018Oncotarget, Jan-12, Volume: 9, Issue:4
Quantitative high-throughput phenotypic screening of pediatric cancer cell lines identifies multiple opportunities for drug repurposing.
AID1347115qHTS of pediatric cancer cell lines to identify multiple opportunities for drug repurposing: Confirmatory screen for NB-EBc1 cells2018Oncotarget, Jan-12, Volume: 9, Issue:4
Quantitative high-throughput phenotypic screening of pediatric cancer cell lines identifies multiple opportunities for drug repurposing.
AID1347125qHTS of pediatric cancer cell lines to identify multiple opportunities for drug repurposing: Confirmatory screen for Rh18 cells2018Oncotarget, Jan-12, Volume: 9, Issue:4
Quantitative high-throughput phenotypic screening of pediatric cancer cell lines identifies multiple opportunities for drug repurposing.
AID1347123qHTS of pediatric cancer cell lines to identify multiple opportunities for drug repurposing: Confirmatory screen for Rh41 cells2018Oncotarget, Jan-12, Volume: 9, Issue:4
Quantitative high-throughput phenotypic screening of pediatric cancer cell lines identifies multiple opportunities for drug repurposing.
AID1347113qHTS of pediatric cancer cell lines to identify multiple opportunities for drug repurposing: Confirmatory screen for LAN-5 cells2018Oncotarget, Jan-12, Volume: 9, Issue:4
Quantitative high-throughput phenotypic screening of pediatric cancer cell lines identifies multiple opportunities for drug repurposing.
AID1347118qHTS of pediatric cancer cell lines to identify multiple opportunities for drug repurposing: Confirmatory screen for TC32 cells2018Oncotarget, Jan-12, Volume: 9, Issue:4
Quantitative high-throughput phenotypic screening of pediatric cancer cell lines identifies multiple opportunities for drug repurposing.
AID1347124qHTS of pediatric cancer cell lines to identify multiple opportunities for drug repurposing: Confirmatory screen for RD cells2018Oncotarget, Jan-12, Volume: 9, Issue:4
Quantitative high-throughput phenotypic screening of pediatric cancer cell lines identifies multiple opportunities for drug repurposing.
AID1347114qHTS of pediatric cancer cell lines to identify multiple opportunities for drug repurposing: Confirmatory screen for DAOY cells2018Oncotarget, Jan-12, Volume: 9, Issue:4
Quantitative high-throughput phenotypic screening of pediatric cancer cell lines identifies multiple opportunities for drug repurposing.
AID504749qHTS profiling for inhibitors of Plasmodium falciparum proliferation2011Science (New York, N.Y.), Aug-05, Volume: 333, Issue:6043
Chemical genomic profiling for antimalarial therapies, response signatures, and molecular targets.
AID588497High-throughput multiplex microsphere screening for inhibitors of toxin protease, specifically Botulinum neurotoxin light chain F protease, MLPCN compound set2010Current protocols in cytometry, Oct, Volume: Chapter 13Microsphere-based flow cytometry protease assays for use in protease activity detection and high-throughput screening.
AID588497High-throughput multiplex microsphere screening for inhibitors of toxin protease, specifically Botulinum neurotoxin light chain F protease, MLPCN compound set2006Cytometry. Part A : the journal of the International Society for Analytical Cytology, May, Volume: 69, Issue:5
Microsphere-based protease assays and screening application for lethal factor and factor Xa.
AID588497High-throughput multiplex microsphere screening for inhibitors of toxin protease, specifically Botulinum neurotoxin light chain F protease, MLPCN compound set2010Assay and drug development technologies, Feb, Volume: 8, Issue:1
High-throughput multiplex flow cytometry screening for botulinum neurotoxin type a light chain protease inhibitors.
AID588501High-throughput multiplex microsphere screening for inhibitors of toxin protease, specifically Lethal Factor Protease, MLPCN compound set2010Current protocols in cytometry, Oct, Volume: Chapter 13Microsphere-based flow cytometry protease assays for use in protease activity detection and high-throughput screening.
AID588501High-throughput multiplex microsphere screening for inhibitors of toxin protease, specifically Lethal Factor Protease, MLPCN compound set2006Cytometry. Part A : the journal of the International Society for Analytical Cytology, May, Volume: 69, Issue:5
Microsphere-based protease assays and screening application for lethal factor and factor Xa.
AID588501High-throughput multiplex microsphere screening for inhibitors of toxin protease, specifically Lethal Factor Protease, MLPCN compound set2010Assay and drug development technologies, Feb, Volume: 8, Issue:1
High-throughput multiplex flow cytometry screening for botulinum neurotoxin type a light chain protease inhibitors.
AID588499High-throughput multiplex microsphere screening for inhibitors of toxin protease, specifically Botulinum neurotoxin light chain A protease, MLPCN compound set2010Current protocols in cytometry, Oct, Volume: Chapter 13Microsphere-based flow cytometry protease assays for use in protease activity detection and high-throughput screening.
AID588499High-throughput multiplex microsphere screening for inhibitors of toxin protease, specifically Botulinum neurotoxin light chain A protease, MLPCN compound set2006Cytometry. Part A : the journal of the International Society for Analytical Cytology, May, Volume: 69, Issue:5
Microsphere-based protease assays and screening application for lethal factor and factor Xa.
AID588499High-throughput multiplex microsphere screening for inhibitors of toxin protease, specifically Botulinum neurotoxin light chain A protease, MLPCN compound set2010Assay and drug development technologies, Feb, Volume: 8, Issue:1
High-throughput multiplex flow cytometry screening for botulinum neurotoxin type a light chain protease inhibitors.
AID540299A screen for compounds that inhibit the MenB enzyme of Mycobacterium tuberculosis2010Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters, Nov-01, Volume: 20, Issue:21
Synthesis and SAR studies of 1,4-benzoxazine MenB inhibitors: novel antibacterial agents against Mycobacterium tuberculosis.
AID588519A screen for compounds that inhibit viral RNA polymerase binding and polymerization activities2011Antiviral research, Sep, Volume: 91, Issue:3
High-throughput screening identification of poliovirus RNA-dependent RNA polymerase inhibitors.
AID1159607Screen for inhibitors of RMI FANCM (MM2) intereaction2016Journal of biomolecular screening, Jul, Volume: 21, Issue:6
A High-Throughput Screening Strategy to Identify Protein-Protein Interaction Inhibitors That Block the Fanconi Anemia DNA Repair Pathway.
AID1347411qHTS to identify inhibitors of the type 1 interferon - major histocompatibility complex class I in skeletal muscle: primary screen against the NCATS Mechanism Interrogation Plate v5.0 (MIPE) Libary2020ACS chemical biology, 07-17, Volume: 15, Issue:7
High-Throughput Screening to Identify Inhibitors of the Type I Interferon-Major Histocompatibility Complex Class I Pathway in Skeletal Muscle.
AID1159550Human Phosphogluconate dehydrogenase (6PGD) Inhibitor Screening2015Nature cell biology, Nov, Volume: 17, Issue:11
6-Phosphogluconate dehydrogenase links oxidative PPP, lipogenesis and tumour growth by inhibiting LKB1-AMPK signalling.
AID1794808Fluorescence-based screening to identify small molecule inhibitors of Plasmodium falciparum apicoplast DNA polymerase (Pf-apPOL).2014Journal of biomolecular screening, Jul, Volume: 19, Issue:6
A High-Throughput Assay to Identify Inhibitors of the Apicoplast DNA Polymerase from Plasmodium falciparum.
AID1794808Fluorescence-based screening to identify small molecule inhibitors of Plasmodium falciparum apicoplast DNA polymerase (Pf-apPOL).
AID1346888Human Androgen receptor (3C. 3-Ketosteroid receptors)2008Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry, Jul-15, Volume: 16, Issue:14
4-(Anilino)pyrrole-2-carboxamides: Novel non-steroidal/non-anilide type androgen antagonists effective upon human prostate tumor LNCaP cells with mutated nuclear androgen receptor.
AID493017Wombat Data for BeliefDocking2005Journal of medicinal chemistry, Apr-21, Volume: 48, Issue:8
Novel C-17-heteroaryl steroidal CYP17 inhibitors/antiandrogens: synthesis, in vitro biological activity, pharmacokinetics, and antitumor activity in the LAPC4 human prostate cancer xenograft model.
[information is prepared from bioassay data collected from National Library of Medicine (NLM), extracted Dec-2023]

Research

Studies (2,669)

TimeframeStudies, This Drug (%)All Drugs %
pre-1990317 (11.88)18.7374
1990's804 (30.12)18.2507
2000's858 (32.15)29.6817
2010's588 (22.03)24.3611
2020's102 (3.82)2.80
[information is prepared from research data collected from National Library of Medicine (NLM), extracted Dec-2023]

Market Indicators

Research Demand Index: 70.77

According to the monthly volume, diversity, and competition of internet searches for this compound, as well the volume and growth of publications, there is estimated to be very strong demand-to-supply ratio for research on this compound.

MetricThis Compound (vs All)
Research Demand Index70.77 (24.57)
Research Supply Index8.08 (2.92)
Research Growth Index4.73 (4.65)
Search Engine Demand Index126.92 (26.88)
Search Engine Supply Index2.00 (0.95)

This Compound (70.77)

All Compounds (24.57)

Study Types

Publication TypeThis drug (%)All Drugs (%)
Trials429 (15.28%)5.53%
Reviews183 (6.52%)6.00%
Case Studies165 (5.88%)4.05%
Observational3 (0.11%)0.25%
Other2,028 (72.22%)84.16%
[information is prepared from research data collected from National Library of Medicine (NLM), extracted Dec-2023]

Clinical Trials (61)

Trial Overview

TrialPhaseEnrollmentStudy TypeStart DateStatus
A Phase III Trial to Evaluate the Duration of Neoadjuvant Total Androgen Suppression (TAS) and Radiation Therapy (RT) in Intermediate-Risk Prostate Cancer [NCT00005044]Phase 31,579 participants (Actual)Interventional2000-02-29Completed
Androgen Hormones in PMDD [NCT00611923]Phase 4115 participants (Actual)Interventional2005-02-28Completed
A Phase III Randomized Prospective Trial of Adjuvant Hormonal Therapy in Surgically Treated Prostate Cancer Patients at High Risk for Recurrence [NCT00003645]Phase 364 participants (Actual)Interventional1999-06-14Terminated(stopped due to Per PI request)
A Randomized Phase IV Study Comparing Enzalutamide Versus Flutamide in Castration-resistant Prostate Cancer (CRPC) Patients Who Have Failed Combined Androgen Blockade Therapy With Bicalutamide Plus Androgen Deprivation Therapy (ADT) [NCT02918968]Phase 4206 participants (Actual)Interventional2016-11-02Completed
Multicenter, Prospective, Randomised and Comparative Study of AA Therapy and Early Administrating Enzalutamide in Participants With CRPC Previously Treated With CAB Therapy Using Bicalutamide. [NCT02346578]Phase 2104 participants (Actual)Interventional2014-12-31Completed
Randomized Trial Assessing Induction of Double Strand Breaks With Androgen Receptor Partial Agonist in Patients on Androgen Suppression [NCT03507608]Early Phase 124 participants (Anticipated)Interventional2019-05-10Recruiting
Phase III Trial of Dose Escalated Radiation Therapy and Standard Androgen Deprivation Therapy (ADT) With a GNRH Agonist vs. Dose Escalated Radiation Therapy and Enhanced ADT With a GNRH Agonist and TAK-700 For Men With High Risk Prostate Cancer [NCT01546987]Phase 3239 participants (Actual)Interventional2012-05-31Active, not recruiting
Comparative Efficacy and Safety of Combined Radiotherapy and Adjuvant Hormone Therapy (Leuprorelin SR 11.25 mg) and Hormone Therapy Alone (Leuprorelin SR 11.25 mg) in Locally Advanced Prostate Cancer (T3-T4 or pT3 on Biopsy, N0, M0) [NCT01122121]Phase 3273 participants (Actual)Interventional2000-03-31Completed
Phase II Evaluation of Early Oral Estramustine, Oral Etoposide and Intravenous Paclitaxel in Combination With Hormone Therapy in Patients With High-Risk Metastatic Adenocarinoma of the Prostate [NCT00028769]Phase 241 participants (Actual)Interventional2001-12-31Completed
A PHASE III TRIAL OF THE STUDY OF ENDOCRINE THERAPY USED AS A CYTOREDUCTIVE AND CYTOSTATIC AGENT PRIOR TO RADIATION THERAPY IN GOOD PROGNOSIS LOCALLY CONFINED ADENOCARCINOMA OF THE PROSTATE [NCT00002597]Phase 32,028 participants (Actual)Interventional1994-10-31Completed
A Phase III Trial of External Beam of Radiotherapy +/- Total Androgen Suppression for High Risk Clinically Organ-Confined Prostate Cancer [NCT00116220]Phase 3206 participants (Actual)Interventional1995-09-30Completed
A Prospective, Phase IIA Study of the Effect of Flutamide (125 MG/DAY) Taken for 6 Weeks on Expression of Potential Biomarkers of Flutamide Action in the Ovaries of Women at Increased Risk for Ovarian Cancer [NCT00699907]Phase 2127 participants (Actual)Interventional2005-01-31Completed
A Phase III Study of Neoadjuvant Docetaxel and Androgen Suppression Plus Radiation Therapy Versus Androgen Suppression Alone Plus Radiation Therapy for High-Risk Localized Adenocarcinoma of the Prostate [NCT00651326]Phase 348 participants (Actual)Interventional2008-06-02Terminated(stopped due to Poor accrual)
A Phase I Study Of Combination Neoadjuvant Hormone Therapy And Weekly OGX-011 (Clusterin Antisense Oligonucleotide) Prior To Radical Prostatectomy In Patients With Localized Prostate Cancer [NCT00054106]Phase 125 participants (Actual)Interventional2002-12-10Completed
A Randomized Study of Finite Androgen Ablation vs. Finite Androgen Ablation in Combination With Abiraterone Acetate and Prednisone in Patients With Prostate Cancer Who Have PSA Progression After Prostatectomy and/or Radiotherapy [NCT01786265]Phase 2310 participants (Anticipated)Interventional2013-02-05Active, not recruiting
Autonomic and Renal Contributions to Hypertension With Androgen Deprivation Therapy [NCT05700903]Phase 4228 participants (Anticipated)Interventional2023-09-20Recruiting
Intermittent Hormonal Therapy With Leuprorelin (3.75 mg SR) and Flutamide in the Treatment of Stage D2 or Tx Nx M1 ≠ M1a Metastatic Cancer of the Prostate [NCT00817739]Phase 2341 participants (Actual)Interventional1996-12-31Completed
Phase II-III Trial of Adjuvant Radiotherapy Following Radical Prostatectomy With or Without Adjuvant Docetaxel [NCT03070886]Phase 2/Phase 3175 participants (Actual)Interventional2017-01-16Active, not recruiting
Adjuvant 3DCRT/IMRT in Combination With Androgen Suppression and Docetaxel for High Risk Prostate Cancer Patients Post-Prostatectomy: A Phase II Trial [NCT00528866]Phase 280 participants (Actual)Interventional2008-04-30Completed
Efficacy and Tolerance of Cyproterone Acetate Versus Medroxyprogesterone Acetate Versus Venlafaxine LP in the Treatment of Hot Flushes Caused by Leuprorelin 11.25 mg in Patients Treated for a Prostate Adenocarcinoma [NCT01011751]Phase 3311 participants (Actual)Interventional2004-04-30Completed
Determination if Pharmacologic Blockade of Androgen Action Decreases Renal Clearance of D-Chiro-Inositol (DCI), Increases the Circulating Concentration of DCI, and Enhances Insulin-Stimulated Release of the D-chiro-inositol-containing Inositolphosphoglyca [NCT00729560]8 participants (Actual)Interventional2008-07-31Terminated(stopped due to Lack of recruitment)
A PHASE III TRIAL OF THE USE OF LONG TERM TOTAL ANDROGEN SUPPRESSION FOLLOWING NEOADJUVANT HORMONAL CYTOREDUCTION AND RADIOTHERAPY IN LOCALLY ADVANCED CARCINOMA OF THE PROSTATE [NCT00767286]Phase 30 participants InterventionalCompleted
A PHASE III TRIAL COMPARING WHOLE PELVIC IRRADIATION FOLLOWED BY A CONEDOWN BOOST TO BOOST IRRADIATION ONLY AND COMPARING NEOADJUVANT TO ADJUVANT TOTAL ANDROGEN SUPPRESSION (TAS) [NCT00769548]Phase 31,322 participants (Actual)Interventional1995-04-30Completed
The Impact of Continuous Versus Intermittent Androgen Deprivation Therapy on Bone Mineral Density Change in Prostate Cancer Patients: A Multicenter, Randomized Clinical Trial [NCT04248621]Phase 4164 participants (Anticipated)Interventional2020-01-23Recruiting
OMPCa-Shanghai: An Open-label, Randomized Prospective Phase II Trial of Androgen Deprivation Therapy or Androgen Deprivation Therapy Plus Definitive Treatment (Radiation or Surgery) of the Primary Tumor in Oligometastatic Prostate Cancer [NCT02742675]Phase 2200 participants (Anticipated)Interventional2015-09-30Active, not recruiting
Phase Ib Study of Limited Androgen Ablation and Two Dose Levels of Temsirolimus (NSC#683864) in Patients With Prostate Cancer Who Have a Biochemical Relapse After Prostatectomy and/or Radiotherapy [NCT00512668]Phase 124 participants (Actual)Interventional2007-09-30Terminated
Androgen Excess as a Cause for Adipogenic Dysfunction in PCOS Women [NCT01889199]Phase 245 participants (Actual)Interventional2013-04-30Completed
Short-Term Chemoprevention Trial in Men With Prostatic Intraepithelial Neoplasia Using Flutamide as an Androgen Deprivation Agent [NCT00006214]Phase 263 participants (Actual)Interventional2000-08-31Completed
Parallel Phase III Randomized Trials of Genomic-Risk Stratified Unfavorable Intermediate Risk Prostate Cancer: De-Intensification and Intensification Clinical Trial Evaluation (GUIDANCE) [NCT05050084]Phase 32,050 participants (Anticipated)Interventional2021-11-03Recruiting
Parallel Phase III Randomized Trials for High Risk Prostate Cancer Evaluating De-Intensification for Lower Genomic Risk and Intensification of Concurrent Therapy for Higher Genomic Risk With Radiation (PREDICT-RT*) [NCT04513717]Phase 32,478 participants (Anticipated)Interventional2020-12-15Recruiting
An Open, Randomized, Long-Term Clinical Trial of Flutamide, Testolactone, and Reduced Hydrocortisone Dose vs. Conventional Treatment of Children With Congenital Adrenal Hyperplasia [NCT00001521]Phase 462 participants (Actual)Interventional1995-06-08Active, not recruiting
A Phase III Randomized Study of Patients With High Risk, Hormone-Naive Prostate Cancer: Androgen Blockade With 4 Cycles of Immediate Chemotherapy Versus Androgen Blockade With Delayed Chemotherapy [NCT00030654]Phase 321 participants (Actual)Interventional2002-10-31Completed
Veterans Affairs Seamless Phase II/III Randomized Trial of STAndard Systemic theRapy With or Without PET-directed Local Therapy for OligoRecurrenT Prostate Cancer (VA STARPORT) [NCT04787744]Phase 2/Phase 3464 participants (Anticipated)Interventional2021-07-01Recruiting
An Open, Single and Multiple Dose, Efficacy and Safety Proof of Principle Study of Liproca Depot, a Controlled Release Formulation of 2-hydroxyflutamide, Injected Into the Prostate in Patients With Localized Prostate Cancer [NCT00913263]Phase 1/Phase 224 participants (Actual)Interventional2009-06-30Completed
A Phase III Prospective Randomized Trial of Dose-Escalated Radiotherapy With or Without Short-Term Androgen Deprivation Therapy for Patients With Intermediate-Risk Prostate Cancer [NCT00936390]Phase 31,538 participants (Actual)Interventional2009-09-30Active, not recruiting
PROGNOSTIC SIGNIFICANCE OF ENDORECTAL MRI IN PREDICTING OUTCOME AFTER COMBINED RADIATION AND ANDROGEN SUPPRESSION FOR PROSTATE CANCER: A PROSPECTIVE PHASE II STUDY [NCT00002889]Phase 2180 participants (Actual)Interventional1997-05-31Completed
A Phase III Trial of Short Term Androgen Deprivation With Pelvic Lymph Node or Prostate Bed Only Radiotherapy (SPPORT) in Prostate Cancer Patients With a Rising PSA After Radical Prostatectomy [NCT00567580]Phase 31,792 participants (Actual)Interventional2008-02-29Active, not recruiting
Multicentre Randomized Trial Assessing the Efficacy of a Short Neoadjuvant and Concomitant Hormone Therapy to an Exclusive Curative Cornformational Radiotherapy of Locolized Prostate Cancer With Intermediate Prognosis [NCT00104741]Phase 3378 participants (Actual)Interventional2003-09-10Completed
Ability of Androgen-receptor Blockade to Normalize Progesterone-induced Augmentation of Gonadotropin Secretion in PCOS (CRM010) [NCT04597099]Early Phase 110 participants (Anticipated)Interventional2022-10-26Recruiting
Influence of Hyperandrogenemia on the Sleep-associated Slowing of Follicular LH Frequency in Adult Polycystic Ovary Syndrome [NCT00930228]Phase 172 participants (Anticipated)Interventional2009-01-31Active, not recruiting
A Phase I Study Of SU5416 With Androgen Ablation And Radiation In Patients With Intermediate and Advanced Stage Prostate Cancer [NCT00026377]Phase 13 participants (Actual)Interventional2001-11-30Completed
A Randomized Phase II Trial Combining Vaccine Therapy With PROSTVAC/TRICOM and Flutamide vs. Flutamide Alone in Men With Androgen Insensitive, Non-Metastatic (D0.5) Prostate Cancer [NCT00450463]Phase 264 participants (Actual)Interventional2007-02-23Completed
Phase III Randomized Study of Adjuvant Therapy for High Risk pT3N0 Prostate Cancer [NCT00023829]Phase 367 participants (Actual)Interventional2001-08-31Completed
A Randomized Phase III Study Comparing Androgen Suppression and Elective Pelvic Nodal Irradiation Followed by High Dose 3-D Conformal Boost Versus Androgen Suppression and Elective Pelvic Nodal Irradiation Followed by 125-Iodine Brachytherapy Implant Boos [NCT00175396]Phase 3400 participants (Anticipated)Interventional2004-05-31Active, not recruiting
Evaluation of Efficacy of Topical Flutamide in the Treatment of Acne Vulgaris [NCT05478330]50 participants (Actual)Interventional2021-01-13Completed
A Phase II Trial of Potency-Sparing Hormonal Therapy in Patients With Elevated Serum PSA After Radiation Therapy or Radical Prostatectomy for Prostate Cancer [NCT00003323]Phase 2101 participants (Actual)Interventional1998-05-31Completed
Phase II Trial of Maximal Androgen Deprivation Followed by Conformal External Beam Radiotherapy With Continued Androgen Deprivation for Clinically Localized Prostate Cancer [NCT00003124]Phase 2105 participants (Anticipated)Interventional1997-05-31Completed
A Prospective Study of Intermittent Androgen Suppression (IAS) in Men With Localized Prostate Cancer Who Have Biochemical Relapse After Radiation Therapy or Radical Prostatectomy [NCT00223665]Phase 2102 participants (Actual)Interventional1997-01-08Completed
Long Term Adjuvant Hormonal Treatment With LHRH Analogue Versus No Further Treatment in Locally Advanced Prostatic Carcinoma Treated by External Irradiation and a Six Months Combined Androgen Blockade - A Phase III Study [NCT00003026]Phase 3966 participants (Anticipated)Interventional1997-04-30Completed
A Randomised Comparison of Short and Protracted Neoadjuvant Hormonal Therapy Prior to Radiation Therapy of High Risk Localized Prostate Cancer [NCT00003734]Phase 3276 participants (Anticipated)Interventional1998-12-31Active, not recruiting
Phase II Study of Antineoplastons A10 and AS2-1 Capsules With Total Androgen Blockade in Patients With Stage III or IV Adenocarcinoma of the Prostate [NCT00003517]Phase 20 participants (Actual)InterventionalWithdrawn
PHASE III TRIAL OF ORCHIECTOMY/LHRH ANALOG + FLUTAMIDE + SURAMIN + HYDROCORTISONE VS ORCHIECTOMY/LHRH ANALOG + FLUTAMIDE IN PATIENTS WITH METASTATIC PROSTATE CANCER [NCT00002881]Phase 30 participants Interventional1996-10-31Completed
Phase III Randomized Trial Comparing Total Androgen Blockade Versus Total Androgen Blockade Plus Pelvic Irradiation in Clinical Stage T3-4, N0, M0 Adenocarcinoma of the Prostate [NCT00002633]Phase 3361 participants (Actual)Interventional1995-02-08Completed
Metabolic Syndrome in PCOS: Precursors and Interventions [NCT00442689]97 participants (Actual)Interventional2006-07-31Completed
Phase III Randomized Trial of Standard Systemic Therapy (SST) Versus Standard Systemic Therapy Plus Definitive Treatment (Surgery or Radiation) of the Primary Tumor in Metastatic Prostate Cancer [NCT03678025]Phase 31,273 participants (Anticipated)Interventional2018-09-24Recruiting
Effect of Androgen Blockade on Sensitivity of the GnRH Pulse Generator to Suppression by Estradiol and Progesterone in Hyperandrogenic Adolescent Girls (JCM021) [NCT01428193]4 participants (Actual)Interventional2006-09-30Terminated(stopped due to Haven't enrolled participants since 2010)
A Phase III Protocol of Androgen Suppression (AS) and Radiation Therapy (RT) vs AS and RT Followed by Chemotherapy With Paclitaxel, Estramustine, and Etoposide (TEE) for Localized, High-Risk, Prostate Cancer [NCT00004054]Phase 3397 participants (Actual)Interventional2000-01-31Completed
Randomized Trial of External Beam Radiation With or Without Short-Course Hormonal Therapy in Intermediate Risk Prostate Cancer Patients [NCT00388804]Phase 339 participants (Actual)Interventional2005-02-28Terminated(stopped due to Slow accrual.)
A Phase 3 Trial of Androgen Ablation Alone vs. Chemo/Hormonal Therapy as Initial Treatment of Unresectable/Metastatic Adenocarcinoma of the Prostate [NCT00002855]Phase 3306 participants (Actual)Interventional1996-08-31Completed
A Phase III Randomized Trial Comparing Intermittent Versus Continuous Androgen Suppression for Patients With Prostate-Specific-Antigen Progression in the Clinical Absence of Distant Metastases Following Radiotherapy for Prostate Cancer [NCT00003653]Phase 31,386 participants (Actual)Interventional1999-01-05Completed
A Phase II Immunotherapeutic Trial: Combination Androgen Ablative Therapy and CTLA-4 Blockade as a Treatment for Advanced Prostate Cancer [NCT00170157]Phase 2112 participants (Actual)Interventional2004-06-30Completed
[information is prepared from clinicaltrials.gov, extracted Sep-2024]

Trial Outcomes

TrialOutcome
NCT00002597 (9) [back to overview]Local Progression Rate (10 Years)
NCT00002597 (9) [back to overview]Distant Failure Rate (10 Years)
NCT00002597 (9) [back to overview]Disease-specific Survival Rate (10 Years)
NCT00002597 (9) [back to overview]Clinical Relapse Rate (10 Years)
NCT00002597 (9) [back to overview]Biochemical Failure Rate (10 Years)
NCT00002597 (9) [back to overview]Disease-free Survival Rate (10 Years)
NCT00002597 (9) [back to overview]Second Biochemical Relapse Rate (10 Years)
NCT00002597 (9) [back to overview]Positive Re-biopsy Rate at Two Years
NCT00002597 (9) [back to overview]Overall Survival Rate (10-year)
NCT00003645 (2) [back to overview]"Number of Wives of the Participants Having Better Than or Equal to a Good Quality of Life"
NCT00003645 (2) [back to overview]Quality of Life for Participants
NCT00004054 (5) [back to overview]Rate of Local Progression at 5 Years
NCT00004054 (5) [back to overview]Rate of Distant Metastasis at Five Years
NCT00004054 (5) [back to overview]Rate of Biochemical Failure at 5 Years
NCT00004054 (5) [back to overview]Overall Survival (5-year Rate Reported)
NCT00004054 (5) [back to overview]Disease-free Survival Rate at 5 Years
NCT00005044 (7) [back to overview]Disease-free Survival (DFS) (10-year Rates Reported)
NCT00005044 (7) [back to overview]Disease-specific Survival (DSS) (10-year Rates Reported)
NCT00005044 (7) [back to overview]Overall Survival (OS) (10-year Rates Reported)
NCT00005044 (7) [back to overview]Time to Second Biochemical Failure (SBF) (10-year Rates Reported)
NCT00005044 (7) [back to overview]Clinical Patterns of Tumor Recurrence: Time to Locoregional Progression (LRP) and Time to Distant Metastasis (DM) (10 Year Rates Reported)
NCT00005044 (7) [back to overview]Time to First Biochemical Failure (BF) (10-year Rates Reported)
NCT00005044 (7) [back to overview]Treatment-induced Morbidity (Highest Grade Toxicity Reported Per Patient)
NCT00028769 (3) [back to overview]Overall Survival (OS)
NCT00028769 (3) [back to overview]Progression-free Survival
NCT00028769 (3) [back to overview]Number of Patients With Grade 3 Through Grade 5 Adverse Events That Are Related to Study Drug
NCT00170157 (2) [back to overview]Number of Participants Progression-free at 18 Months
NCT00170157 (2) [back to overview]Percent of Participants With Undetectable Prostate-specific Antigen (PSA) Response
NCT00223665 (15) [back to overview]Change in Standardized Bone Mineral Density (BMD) of the Spine During IAS
NCT00223665 (15) [back to overview]Change in Standardized Bone Mineral Density (BMD) of the Left Hip During IAS
NCT00223665 (15) [back to overview]Time to Androgen Independence of Serum Prostate-Specific Antigen (PSA)
NCT00223665 (15) [back to overview]Effect of IAS on Overall Survival.
NCT00223665 (15) [back to overview]Development of Osteopenia (Bone Loss) During IAS
NCT00223665 (15) [back to overview]Testosterone Levels During IAS
NCT00223665 (15) [back to overview]Score on Verbal Memory Testing (Story Recall) During First Cycle of IAS
NCT00223665 (15) [back to overview]Score on Verbal Memory Testing (Proactive Interference) During First Cycle of IAS
NCT00223665 (15) [back to overview]Score on Verbal Ability/Fluency Testing During First Cycle of IAS
NCT00223665 (15) [back to overview]Score on Spatial Memory Testing During First Cycle of IAS
NCT00223665 (15) [back to overview]Score on Spatial Ability Test (Mental Rotation) During First Cycle of IAS
NCT00223665 (15) [back to overview]Score on Spatial Ability Test (Block Design) During First Cycle of IAS
NCT00223665 (15) [back to overview]Score on Executive Function Testing (Stroop Task) During First Cycle of IAS
NCT00223665 (15) [back to overview]Score on Visual Working Memory Test During First Cycle of IAS
NCT00223665 (15) [back to overview]Estradiol Levels During First Cycle of IAS
NCT00388804 (1) [back to overview]Prostate Specific Antigen (PSA) Failures
NCT00442689 (7) [back to overview]Change in Resting Energy Expenditure (REE) Over the Study Period
NCT00442689 (7) [back to overview]Change in Maximal Aerobic Exercise Capacity (VO2 Max) Over the Study Period
NCT00442689 (7) [back to overview]Change in Low-density Lipoprotein (LDL) Levels Over the Study Period
NCT00442689 (7) [back to overview]Change in High-density Lipoprotein (HDL) Levels During Study Period
NCT00442689 (7) [back to overview]Change in Fat Percentage as Measured by Dual-energy X-ray Absorptiometry (DEXA) Scan Over the Study Period
NCT00442689 (7) [back to overview]Change in Disposition Index
NCT00442689 (7) [back to overview]Change in Visceral Adipose Tissue (VAT) Volume as Measured by MRI
NCT00450463 (4) [back to overview]Count of Participants With Serious and Non-serious Adverse Events Assessed by the Common Terminology Criteria in Adverse Events (CTCAE v4.0)
NCT00450463 (4) [back to overview]Number of Participants With Prostatic Specific Antigen (PSA) Response
NCT00450463 (4) [back to overview]Percentage of Participants With Antigen Specific Immune Responses Against Prostatic Specific Antigen (PSA)
NCT00450463 (4) [back to overview]Time to Treatment Failure
NCT00528866 (9) [back to overview]"Number of Patients With Acute Adverse Events (Based on CTCAE, v3.0)"
NCT00528866 (9) [back to overview]"Time to Late Grade 3+ Adverse Events (Based on CTCAE, v3.0)"
NCT00528866 (9) [back to overview]Distant Metastasis (3-year Rate)
NCT00528866 (9) [back to overview]Local-regional Progression (3 Year Rate)
NCT00528866 (9) [back to overview]Non-prostate Cancer Death (3-year Rate)
NCT00528866 (9) [back to overview]Number of Participants Free From Progression at 3 Years
NCT00528866 (9) [back to overview]Overall Survival (3-year Rate)
NCT00528866 (9) [back to overview]Prostate Cancer Death (3-year Rate)
NCT00528866 (9) [back to overview]Time to Biochemical (PSA) Failure (3-year Rate)
NCT00567580 (9) [back to overview]Percentage of Participants With Secondary Biochemical Failure (Alternative Biochemical Failure)
NCT00567580 (9) [back to overview]Percentage of Participants Experiencing Late Grade 2+ and 3+ Adverse Events > 90 Days From the Completion of Radiotherapy (RT)
NCT00567580 (9) [back to overview]Percentage of Participants Experiencing Grade 2+ and 3+ Adverse Events ≤ 90 Days of the Completion of Radiotherapy (RT)
NCT00567580 (9) [back to overview]Percentage of Participants Alive (Overall Mortality)
NCT00567580 (9) [back to overview]Percentage of Participants Free From Hormone-refractory Disease (Castrate-resistant Disease)
NCT00567580 (9) [back to overview]Percentage of Participants Free From Progression (FFP) at 5 Years
NCT00567580 (9) [back to overview]Percentage of Participants Who Died Due to Prostate Cancer (Cause-specific Mortality)
NCT00567580 (9) [back to overview]Percentage of Participants With Distant Metastasis
NCT00567580 (9) [back to overview]Percentage of Participants With Local Failure
NCT00611923 (6) [back to overview]Change in Clinical Global Severity Scale
NCT00611923 (6) [back to overview]Change in Premenstrual Symptoms as Measured by the Daily Rating of Severity of Problems (DRSP) Scale
NCT00611923 (6) [back to overview]Change in Premenstrual Symptoms as Measured by the Patient Global Premenstrual Symptoms as Measured by the Patient Global Improvement Scale at Month 1 and Month 2
NCT00611923 (6) [back to overview]Change in Premenstrual Symptoms as Measured by the Premenstrual Tension Scale (PMTS)
NCT00611923 (6) [back to overview]Premenstrual Symptoms as Measured by the Clinical Global Improvement Scale at Month 1 and Month 2
NCT00611923 (6) [back to overview]Side Effect Burden Measured by Side Effect Questionnaire
NCT00699907 (9) [back to overview]Colony Stimulating Factor-1 Receptor (CSF-1R) Expression in Ovarian Stroma
NCT00699907 (9) [back to overview]Tyrosine Kinase V-erb-b2 Erythroblastic Leukemia Viral Oncogene Homolog-4 (ErbB4) Expression in Ovarian Endosalpingiosis
NCT00699907 (9) [back to overview]Tyrosine Kinase V-erb-b2 Erythroblastic Leukemia Viral Oncogene Homolog-4 (ErbB4) Expression in Ovarian Epithelium
NCT00699907 (9) [back to overview]Colony Stimulating Factor (CSF-1) Expression in Ovarian Stroma
NCT00699907 (9) [back to overview]Tyrosine Kinase V-erb-b2 Erythroblastic Leukemia Viral Oncogene Homolog-4 (ErbB4) Expression in Ovarian Stroma
NCT00699907 (9) [back to overview]Colony Stimulating Factor (CSF-1) Expression in Ovarian Endosalpingiosis
NCT00699907 (9) [back to overview]Colony Stimulating Factor (CSF-1) Expression in Ovarian Epithelium
NCT00699907 (9) [back to overview]Colony Stimulating Factor-1 Receptor (CSF-1R) Expression in Ovarian Endosalpingiosis
NCT00699907 (9) [back to overview]Colony Stimulating Factor-1 Receptor (CSF-1R) Expression in Ovarian Epithelium
NCT00913263 (6) [back to overview]Proportion of Patients Showing PSA Nadir
NCT00913263 (6) [back to overview]Time to PSA Nadir
NCT00913263 (6) [back to overview]Number of Days to Prostate Volume Nadir.
NCT00913263 (6) [back to overview]Number of Patients Reporting Adverse Events Caused by the Study Treatment
NCT00913263 (6) [back to overview]Percent Change in Prostate Volume From Baseline to Final Visit
NCT00913263 (6) [back to overview]Percent Change in Prostate Volume From Baseline to Nadir.
NCT00936390 (16) [back to overview]Percentage of Participants Dead Due to Cause Other Than Prostate Cancer (Non-Prostate Cancer-specific Mortality)
NCT00936390 (16) [back to overview]Percentage of Participants With Biochemical Failure
NCT00936390 (16) [back to overview]Percentage of Participants Receiving Salvage Androgen Deprivation Therapy (ADT)
NCT00936390 (16) [back to overview]Number of Participants With Acute Adverse Events
NCT00936390 (16) [back to overview]Percentage of Participants Alive (Overall Survival)
NCT00936390 (16) [back to overview]Change From Baseline in Expanded Prostate Cancer Index Composite (EPIC) Sexual Domain Score
NCT00936390 (16) [back to overview]Percentage of Participants Dead Due to Prostate Cancer (Prostate Cancer-specific Mortality)
NCT00936390 (16) [back to overview]Percentage of Participants Failed (Freedom From Failure)
NCT00936390 (16) [back to overview]Percentage of Participants Alive (Overall Survival) by Radiation Therapy Modality
NCT00936390 (16) [back to overview]Change From Baseline in Patient Reported Outcome Measurement Information System (PROMIS) Fatigue Domain Score
NCT00936390 (16) [back to overview]Change From Baseline in Expanded Prostate Cancer Index Composite (EPIC) Hormonal Domain Score
NCT00936390 (16) [back to overview]Change From Baseline in Expanded Prostate Cancer Index Composite (EPIC) Bowel Domain Score
NCT00936390 (16) [back to overview]Percentage of Participants With Local Recurrence
NCT00936390 (16) [back to overview]Percentage of Participants With Late Grade 3+ Adverse Events
NCT00936390 (16) [back to overview]Percentage of Participants With Distant Metastasis
NCT00936390 (16) [back to overview]Change From Baseline in Expanded Prostate Cancer Index Composite (EPIC) Urinary Domain Score
NCT01428193 (1) [back to overview]Slope of the Percent Change in Luteinizing Hormone (LH) Pulses as a Function of Day 7 Progesterone Level
NCT01546987 (20) [back to overview]Median Testosterone Recovery Time
NCT01546987 (20) [back to overview]Change in Patient-Reported Outcome Measurement Information System (PROMIS) Fatigue Short Form at One Year
NCT01546987 (20) [back to overview]Testosterone Recovery at 12 and 24 Months
NCT01546987 (20) [back to overview]Serum Testosterone
NCT01546987 (20) [back to overview]Serum High-density Lipoprotein (LDL)
NCT01546987 (20) [back to overview]Serum High-density Lipoprotein (HDL)
NCT01546987 (20) [back to overview]Number of Patients With Clinical Survivorship Events
NCT01546987 (20) [back to overview]Number of Participants by Highest Grade Adverse Event
NCT01546987 (20) [back to overview]Hemoglobin A1c
NCT01546987 (20) [back to overview]Fasting Total Cholesterol
NCT01546987 (20) [back to overview]Fasting Plasma Glucose
NCT01546987 (20) [back to overview]Change in Patient-reported Quality of Life as Measured by Expanded Prostate Cancer Index Composite (EPIC) Short Form at One Year
NCT01546987 (20) [back to overview]Change From Baseline in Body Mass Index (BMI)
NCT01546987 (20) [back to overview]Percentage of Patients Alive [Overall Survival] (Primary Endpoint of Original Protocol)
NCT01546987 (20) [back to overview]Percentage of Participants With Local Progression
NCT01546987 (20) [back to overview]Percentage of Participants With Grade 3 or Higher Adverse Events
NCT01546987 (20) [back to overview]Percentage of Participants With General Clinical Treatment Failure
NCT01546987 (20) [back to overview]Percentage of Participants With Distant Metastases
NCT01546987 (20) [back to overview]Percentage of Participants With Death Due to Prostate Cancer
NCT01546987 (20) [back to overview]Percentage of Participants With Biochemical Failure (Primary Endpoint of Revised Protocol)
NCT02918968 (8) [back to overview]Time to PSA Progression With 2nd Line AAT (TTPP2)
NCT02918968 (8) [back to overview]Percentage of Participants Achieving at Least 50 or 90 Percent (%) Reduction From Baseline and Up To Week 38 in Prostate Specific Antigen (PSA) Response at 1st Line AAT
NCT02918968 (8) [back to overview]Time to Treatment Failure of 2nd Line AAT (TTF2)
NCT02918968 (8) [back to overview]Time to PSA Progression With 1st Line AAT (TTPP1)
NCT02918968 (8) [back to overview]Time to Treatment Failure of 1st Line AAT (TTF1)
NCT02918968 (8) [back to overview]Time to PSA Decrease by 50% From Baseline With 1st Line AAT
NCT02918968 (8) [back to overview]Radiographic Progression-free Survival (rPFS)
NCT02918968 (8) [back to overview]Percentage of Participants Achieving at Least 50 or 90 Percent (%) Reduction From Baseline to Week 13 in Prostate Specific Antigen (PSA) Response at 1st Line AAT

Local Progression Rate (10 Years)

Local progression defined as documented local progression as determined by clinical exam . Failure rates were estimated by means of cumulative incidence functions. (NCT00002597)
Timeframe: From registration to 10 years

Interventionpercentage of participants (Number)
Hormone Therapy + Radiation Therapy10.9
Radiation Therapy Alone16.1

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Distant Failure Rate (10 Years)

Failure is defined as documented metastatic disease. Failure rates were estimated by means of cumulative incidence functions. (NCT00002597)
Timeframe: From registration to 10 years

Interventionpercentage of participants (Number)
Hormone Therapy + Radiation Therapy5.5
Radiation Therapy Alone8.0

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Disease-specific Survival Rate (10 Years)

Disease-specific failure is defined as death certified as due to prostate cancer (by central review), death due to complications of treatment (irrespective of malignancy status), death from unknown causes with active malignancy, or death from unknown causes with previously documented relapse (either clinical or biochemical). Survival rates were estimated by means of cumulative incidence functions. (NCT00002597)
Timeframe: From registration to 10 years

Interventionpercentage of participants (Number)
Hormone Therapy + Radiation Therapy95.7
Radiation Therapy Alone92.6

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Clinical Relapse Rate (10 Years)

Clinical relapse is defined as local progression or distant metastases. Failure rates were estimated by means of cumulative incidence functions. (NCT00002597)
Timeframe: From registration to 10 years

Interventionpercentage of participants (Number)
Hormone Therapy + Radiation Therapy15.0
Radiation Therapy Alone21.7

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Biochemical Failure Rate (10 Years)

The Phoenix definition of biochemical failure was used - an increase in the prostate-specific antigen (PSA) level of >2 ng per milliliter above the nadir. Failure rates were estimated by means of cumulative incidence functions. (NCT00002597)
Timeframe: From registration to 10 years

Interventionpercentage of participants (Number)
Hormone Therapy + Radiation Therapy26.3
Radiation Therapy Alone41.1

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Disease-free Survival Rate (10 Years)

Disease-free failure is defined as documentation of progression (local progression, distant failure, and biochemical failure) or death from any cause. Disease-free survival rates were estimated by the Kaplan-Meier method. (NCT00002597)
Timeframe: From registration to 10 years

Interventionpercentage of participants (Number)
Hormone Therapy + Radiation Therapy51.7
Radiation Therapy Alone39.5

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Second Biochemical Relapse Rate (10 Years)

Second biochemical relapse is as defined as follows (after initiation of salvage hormone therapy): A rise in PSA on at least two consecutive cases above the nadir (after initiation of salvage hormone therapy), with the rises in PSA exceeding 1 ng/ml above the nadir; or failure to reach 4 ng/L or less at 18 months. The rates of second biochemical relapse were estimated by means of cumulative incidence functions. (NCT00002597)
Timeframe: From registration to 10 years

Interventionpercentage of participants (Number)
Hormone Therapy + Radiation Therapy2.7
Radiation Therapy Alone6.1

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Positive Re-biopsy Rate at Two Years

The rate of prostate rebiopsy at two years is defined as the proportion of patients whose results are positive among all eligible patients who had a repeat biopsy at two years. The rate was estimated separately in each arm. (NCT00002597)
Timeframe: From registration to two years

Interventionpercentage of participants (Number)
Hormone Therapy + Radiation Therapy20.2
Radiation Therapy Alone38.9

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Overall Survival Rate (10-year)

Overall survival (OS) was calculated from randomization to the date of death from any cause and overall survival rates were estimated by the Kaplan-Meier method. (NCT00002597)
Timeframe: From date of randomization to 10 years

Interventionpercentage of patients (Number)
Hormone Therapy + Radiation Therapy61.9
Radiation Therapy Alone56.8

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"Number of Wives of the Participants Having Better Than or Equal to a Good Quality of Life"

To measure the differences in quality of life between wives of participants in the androgen ablation condition compared to wives of patients in the control condition by using quality of life assessments. The following questionnaires were completed in the clinic setting and used to assess Health related (HRQoL): Medical Outcomes Study 36-Item Short Form (SF-36), University of California-Los Angeles Sexual Function Scale (UCLA-SFS), and Southwest Oncology Group Treatment-Specific Symptoms Scale (SWOG-TSSS). The SF-36 was analysed using a composite score for each of physical health and mental health. SF-36, UCLA-SFS, SWOGTSSS were combined to classify participants' quality of life. (NCT00003645)
Timeframe: 2 years

InterventionParticipants (Count of Participants)
Arm A19
Arm B24

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Quality of Life for Participants

To determine the impact of one year of total androgen ablation on quality of life mentally, physically and sexual function. The following questionnaires were completed by patients in the clinic setting and used to assess HRQoL: Medical Outcomes Study 36-Item Short Form (SF-36) and University of California-Los Angeles Sexual Function Scale (UCLA-SFS). To score the SF-36, scales are standardized with a scoring algorithm or by the SF-36v2 scoring software to obtain a score ranging from 0 to 100. Higher scores indicate better quality of life. (NCT00003645)
Timeframe: 1 year

,
Interventionscore on a scale (Mean)
MentalPhysicalSexual Function
Arm I - Leuprolide + Flutamide55495
Arm II - No Treatment544928

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Rate of Local Progression at 5 Years

Local progression is defined as documented clinical local and/or regional progression. Time to local progression is defined as time from randomization to local progression, last known follow-up (censored), or death (competing risk). Local progression rates are estimated using the cumulative incidence method. (NCT00004054)
Timeframe: From randomization to last follow-up. Analysis occurs after all patients have been potentially followed for 5 years. Maximum follow-up at time of analysis was 13.3 years.

Interventionpercentage of participants (Number)
Hormones and RT5.8
Hormones and RT Plus Chemotherapy4.1

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Rate of Distant Metastasis at Five Years

Distant metastasis (DM) is defined as documented metastatic disease. Time to distant metastasis is defined as time from randomization to distant metastatic disease, last known follow-up (censored), or death (competing risk). Distant metastasis rates are estimated using the cumulative incidence method. (NCT00004054)
Timeframe: From randomization to last follow-up. Analysis occurs after all patients have been potentially followed for 5 years. Maximum follow-up at time of analysis was 13.3 years.

Interventionpercentage of participants (Number)
Hormones and RT10.4
Hormones and RT Plus Chemotherapy8.3

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Rate of Biochemical Failure at 5 Years

Biochemical failure uses the American Society for Radiation Oncology (ASTRO) definition of prostate-specific antigen (PSA) rises on three consecutive occasions, with biochemical failure date being midway between the last non-rising PSA and the first rise in PSA. Time to biochemical failure is defined as time from randomization to biochemical failure, last known follow-up (censored), or death (competing risk). Biochemical failure rates are estimated using the cumulative incidence method. (NCT00004054)
Timeframe: From randomization to last follow-up. Analysis occurs after all patients have been potentially followed for 5 years. Maximum follow-up at time of analysis was 13.3 years.

Interventionpercentage of participants (Number)
Hormones and RT48.0
Hormones and RT Plus Chemotherapy47.9

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Overall Survival (5-year Rate Reported)

Survival time is defined as time from randomization to date of death from any cause and is estimated by the Kaplan-Meier method. Patients last known to be alive are censored at date of last contact. This analysis was planned to occur when all patients had been potentially followed for 5 years. (NCT00004054)
Timeframe: From the date of randomization to the date of death or last follow-up. Analysis occurs after all patients have been potentially followed for 5 years.

Interventionpercentage of participants (Number)
Hormones and RT84.9
Hormones and RT Plus Chemotherapy87.2

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Disease-free Survival Rate at 5 Years

Disease-free survival (DFS) was measured from the date of randomization to the date of documentation of progression (local, distant, biochemical failure), death, or last follow-up (censored). The Kaplan-Meier method was used to estimate DFS rates. (NCT00004054)
Timeframe: From randomization to last follow-up. Analysis occurs after all patients have been potentially followed for 5 years. Maximum follow-up at time of analysis was 13.3 years.

Interventionpercentage of participants (Number)
Hormones and RT39.1
Hormones and RT Plus Chemotherapy42.9

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Disease-free Survival (DFS) (10-year Rates Reported)

Disease-free survival time is defined as time from randomization to the date of disease progression or death from any cause and is estimated by the Kaplan-Meier method. Patients last known to be alive are censored at the date of last contact. Ten-year rate is reported. (NCT00005044)
Timeframe: From randomization to 10 years. (Patients are followed until death or study termination, whichever occurs first.)

Interventionpercentage of participants (Number)
TAS x 8 Weeks24
TAS x 28 Weeks23

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Disease-specific Survival (DSS) (10-year Rates Reported)

Disease-specific survival time is measured from date of randomization to death due to prostate cancer based on study chair review, with prostate-cancer death defined as (1) primary cause of death certified as due to prostate cancer, (2) complication of therapy, irrespective of disease status, (3) disease progression in the absence of any anti-tumor therapy, or (4) a 1.0 ng/ml-exceeding-rise in serum prostate-specific antigen (PSA) level on at least two consecutive occasions that occurs during or after salvage androgen suppression therapy. Death due to other causes is considered a competing risk. All others are censored. DSS is estimated using the cumulative incidence method. Ten-year rate is reported. (NCT00005044)
Timeframe: From randomization to 10 years. (Patients are followed until death or study termination, whichever occurs first.)

Interventionpercentage of participants (Number)
TAS x 8 Weeks95
TAS x 28 Weeks96

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Overall Survival (OS) (10-year Rates Reported)

Survival time is defined as time from randomization to the date of death from any cause and is estimated by the Kaplan-Meier method. Patients last known to be alive are censored at the date of last contact. Ten-year rate is reported. (NCT00005044)
Timeframe: From randomization to 10 years. (Patients are followed until death or study termination, whichever occurs first.)

Interventionpercentage of participants (Number)
TAS x 8 Weeks66
TAS x 28 Weeks67

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Time to Second Biochemical Failure (SBF) (10-year Rates Reported)

Time to SBF measured from date of randomization to the date of PSA increase of ≥1.0 ng/mL (from the nadir PSA after completion of protocol-specified therapy) after salvage androgen suppression was started; competing risks LRP, DM, and death without SBF; all others are censored. SBF is estimated using the cumulative incidence method. Ten-year rates are reported. (NCT00005044)
Timeframe: From randomization to 10 years. (Patients are followed until death or study termination, whichever occurs first.)

Interventionpercentage of participants (Number)
TAS x 8 Weeks10
TAS x 28 Weeks9

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Clinical Patterns of Tumor Recurrence: Time to Locoregional Progression (LRP) and Time to Distant Metastasis (DM) (10 Year Rates Reported)

Time to distant metastasis measured from date of randomization to date of documented distant metastasis; competing risks are BF, LRP, and death without DM; all others are censored. Time to locoregional progression measured from date of randomization to date of documented local or regional progression; competing risks are BF [protocol definition- first of (1) the midway date between the last non-rising PSA and the first rising PSA of three consecutive rises or (2) the date of the initiation of salvage hormone therapy], DM, and death without LRP; all others are censored. LRP and DM are estimated using the cumulative incidence method. Ten -year rates are reported. (NCT00005044)
Timeframe: From randomization to 10 years. (Patients are followed until death or study termination, whichever occurs first.)

,
Interventionpercentage of participants (Number)
Locoregional progressionDistant metastasis
TAS x 28 Weeks46
TAS x 8 Weeks66

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Time to First Biochemical Failure (BF) (10-year Rates Reported)

"Protocol definition: Time to BF measured from date of randomization to first of (1) the midway date between the last non-rising PSA and the first rising PSA of three consecutive rises or (2) the date of the initiation of salvage hormone therapy; competing risks are LRP, DM, and death without BF; all others are censored.~Phoenix definition: Time to BF measured from date of randomization to first of (1) the date of documented rise of 2 ng/ml above the post-treatment(RT end date) nadir or (2) the date of the initiation of salvage hormone therapy; competing risks are LRP, DM, and death without BF; all others are censored. For both definitions BF is estimated using the cumulative incidence method. Ten year rates reported." (NCT00005044)
Timeframe: From randomization to 10 years. (Patients are followed until death or study termination, whichever occurs first.)

,
Interventionpercentage of participants (Number)
Protocol definitionPhoenix definition
TAS x 28 Weeks5927
TAS x 8 Weeks5627

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Treatment-induced Morbidity (Highest Grade Toxicity Reported Per Patient)

Acute drug therapy and radiation (<= 90 days from start of RT) toxicity was graded using the Common Toxicity Criteria (CTC) v.2.0 criteria; late toxicity was graded using the Radiation Therapy Oncology Group (RTOG)/European Organisation for Research and Treatment of Cancer (EORTC) Late Radiation Morbidity Scoring schema. Grade refers to the severity of the toxicity. The CTC v2.0 assigns Grades 1 through 5 with unique clinical descriptions of severity for each toxicity based on this general guideline: Grade 1 Mild toxicity, Grade 2 Moderate toxicity, Grade 3 Severe toxicity, Grade 4 Life-threatening or disabling toxicity, Grade 5 Death related to toxicity. The highest grade acute and late toxicity was determined for each patient. (NCT00005044)
Timeframe: From randomization to 10 years. (Patients are followed until death or study termination, whichever occurs first.)

,
Interventionpercentage of participants (Number)
Acute RT and Hormone Toxicity: Grade 1Acute RT and Hormone Toxicity: Grade 2Acute RT and Hormone Toxicity: Grade 3Acute RT and Hormone Toxicity: Grade 4Acute RT and Hormone Toxicity: Grade 5Late RT Toxicity: Grade 1Late RT Toxicity: Grade 2Late RT Toxicity: Grade 3Late RT Toxicity: Grade 4Late RT Toxicity: Grade 5
TAS x 28 Weeks19.549.825.70.1032.922.58.00.30
TAS x 8 Weeks30.841.616.10034.020.59.70.10

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Overall Survival (OS)

Overall survival is defined from the date of registration to date of death from any cause (NCT00028769)
Timeframe: 0-5 years

Interventionmonths (Median)
CAD + Chemo38

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Progression-free Survival

Measured from time of registration to time of first documentation of progression determined from the prostate-specific antigen (PSA) level, clinical criteria, or symptomatic deterioration. PSA progression is defined as a 25% increase greater than baseline. If the patient's PSA level had decrease during the study, a 25% increase from the nadir PSA level, with absolute value of >=5 ng/mL is considered progression. CLinical progress is defined as the appearance of any new lesion at any site or death without documented progression. Symptomatic deterioration is defined as a global deterioration of the health status requiring discontinuation of treatment without objective evidence of progression. (NCT00028769)
Timeframe: 0-5 years (assessed every 3 months if no progression when the chemotherapy had been finished. Once off chemotherapy, assessed every 3 months until progression)

Interventionmonths (Median)
CAD + Chemo13

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Number of Participants Progression-free at 18 Months

PSA progression is defined as a rise in PSA to >4.0 ng/mL demonstrated twice in measurements taken two weeks apart. (NCT00170157)
Timeframe: 18 months from the start of AA therapy

Interventionparticipants (Number)
Entire Study Population0

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Percent of Participants With Undetectable Prostate-specific Antigen (PSA) Response

Percent of participants who had undetectable PSA at 3 months on the initially assigned treatment arm (prior to crossing over). (NCT00170157)
Timeframe: 3 months

Interventionpercentage of participants (Number)
Androgen Ablative (AA) Therapy + MDX-01055
Androgen Ablative (AA) Then AA Therapy + MDX-01039

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Change in Standardized Bone Mineral Density (BMD) of the Spine During IAS

Dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry (DEXA) scans were performed prior to first cycle of ADT, after completion of the first cycle of ADT, and prior to the start of the second cycle of ADT. Bone Mineral Density (BMD) was a assessed in g/cm^2 as a indicator of bone health for each patient at each time point. (NCT00223665)
Timeframe: From screening prior to first dose of ADT through the start of the second cycle of ADT.

InterventionPercent change in BMD (Number)
Post Cycle 1 versus BaselinePre Cycle 2 versus Post Cycle 1
Intermittent Androgen Suppression (IAS)-3.41.4

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Change in Standardized Bone Mineral Density (BMD) of the Left Hip During IAS

Dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry (DEXA) scans were performed prior to first cycle of ADT, after completion of the first cycle of ADT, and prior to the start of the second cycle of ADT. Bone Mineral Density (BMD) was a assessed in g/cm^2 as a indicator of bone health. Percent change was assess for each patient at each time point. (NCT00223665)
Timeframe: From screening prior to first dose of ADT through the start of the second cycle of ADT.

InterventionPercent change of BMD (Number)
Post Cycle 1 versus BaselinePre Cycle 2 versus Post Cycle 1
Intermittent Androgen Suppression (IAS)-1.2-0.2

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Time to Androgen Independence of Serum Prostate-Specific Antigen (PSA)

Monthly Prostate-Specific Antigen (PSA) testing to assess the point at which each patient's disease stops responding to Androgen Deprivation Therapy (ADT). Androgen Independence (AI), also know as Castrate Resistance (CR), was defined as 2 serial rises in PSA while on ADT with Testosterone levels <50 ng/dL. (NCT00223665)
Timeframe: From date of first treatment until the date of development of CR, metastatic progression, or study withdrawal, whichever came first, assessed up to 16 years.

Interventionyears (Median)
Intermittent Androgen Suppression (IAS)4.0

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Effect of IAS on Overall Survival.

Assessment of overall survival measured as median time from completion of first full cycle of IAS until date of death from any cause. (NCT00223665)
Timeframe: From date of first treatment until the date of death or study withdrawal, whichever came first, assessed up to 16 years.

Interventionyears (Median)
Intermittent Androgen Suppression (IAS)6.6

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Development of Osteopenia (Bone Loss) During IAS

Dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry (DEXA) scans were performed prior to first cycle of ADT, after completion of the first cycle of ADT, and prior to the start of the second cycle of ADT. Bone Mineral Density (BMD) was a assessed in g/cm^2 as a indicator of bone health for each patient at each time point. This measure was defined as the percentage of participants with normal BMD scores at baseline who developed Osteopenia after the first cycle of ADT. (NCT00223665)
Timeframe: From screening prior to first dose of ADT through the start of the second cycle of ADT.

Interventionpercent of participants (Number)
Intermittent Androgen Suppression (IAS)13.2

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Testosterone Levels During IAS

Testosterone was measured at baseline, and at Month 3, Month 9, and Month 12 after the start of the first cycle of ADT. (NCT00223665)
Timeframe: Baseline, Month 3, Month 9, and Month 12

Interventionng/ml (Mean)
BaselineMeasurement at Month 3Measurement at Month 9Measurement at Month 12
Intermittent Androgen Suppression (IAS)4060.280.202.45

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Score on Verbal Memory Testing (Story Recall) During First Cycle of IAS

Verbal Memory was assessed at baseline, and at Month 3, Month 9, and Month 12 after the start of the first cycle of ADT via Story Recall. This task is based on the well known Wechsler Memory Scale -Revised Logical Memory task. Participants listened to two brief narratives (stories) and were asked to recall as much as possible immediately after hearing each story and following a 20-minute delay. Assessment was based on number of correctly recalled pieces of information after a delay. (NCT00223665)
Timeframe: Baseline, Month 3, Month 9, and Month 12

Interventionnumber of correctly recalled data points (Mean)
BaselineScore at Month 3Score at Month 9Score at Month 12
Intermittent Androgen Suppression (IAS)35.0637.8639.3841.16

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Score on Verbal Memory Testing (Proactive Interference) During First Cycle of IAS

Verbal Memory was assessed at baseline, and at Month 3, Month 9, and Month 12 after the start of the first cycle of ADT via the Proactive Interference (PI) task. The PI task involves participants listening to a list of 10 words from the same semantic category (e.g., articles of clothing), and then recalling as many of these words as possible.The procedure is repeated for a total of 4 trials. Assessment is based on the total number of words recalled. (NCT00223665)
Timeframe: Baseline, Month 3, Month 9, and Month 12

InterventionNumber of correctly recalled words (Mean)
BaselineScore at Month 3Score at Month 9Score at Month 12
Intermittent Androgen Suppression (IAS)21.3122.9022.7022.70

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Score on Verbal Ability/Fluency Testing During First Cycle of IAS

Verbal Ability/Fluency was assessed at baseline, and at Month 3, Month 9, and Month 12 after the start of the first cycle of ADT. Participants were asked to verbally generate as many words beginning with a particular letter (e.g. P) within a 60 second period. Two trials were administered with two different letters. The total number of words generated was recorded for each letter and summed and analyzed. (NCT00223665)
Timeframe: Baseline, Month 3, Month 9, and Month 12

InterventionNumber of words generated (Mean)
BaselineScore at Month 3Score at Month 9Score at Month 12
Intermittent Androgen Suppression (IAS)24.6526.1526.2925.70

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Score on Spatial Memory Testing During First Cycle of IAS

Spatial Memory was assessed at baseline, and at Month 3, Month 9, and Month 12 after the start of the first cycle of ADT using the Puget Sound Route Learning Test. This test measured the ability to navigate a short route within a room. Three trials were administered followed by three trials of a new route using pictures placed on the floor as landmarks. A delayed recall is administered after twenty minutes. Performance was assessed based on number of correctly recalled sequences after a delay. (NCT00223665)
Timeframe: Baseline, Month 3, Month 9, and Month 12

Interventionnumber of correctly recalled sequences (Mean)
BaselineScore at Month 3Score at Month 9Score at Month 12
Intermittent Androgen Suppression (IAS)19.5022.0023.7624.12

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Score on Spatial Ability Test (Mental Rotation) During First Cycle of IAS

Spatial Ability (Mental Rotation) was assessed at baseline, and at Month 3, Month 9, and Month 12 after the start of the first cycle of ADT. This assessment was based on the Vandenberg & Kuse (1978) Mental Rotation Test. Subjects are presented with line drawings of complex, three dimensional cubes on a computer screen. The subject must compare the two drawings and decide if they match. Score is based on number of correctly identified figures. (NCT00223665)
Timeframe: Baseline, Month 3, Month 9, and Month 12

InterventionNumber of correctly identified figures (Mean)
BaselineScore at Month 3Score at Month 9Score at Month 12
Intermittent Androgen Suppression (IAS)16.1213.0016.5215.53

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Score on Spatial Ability Test (Block Design) During First Cycle of IAS

Spatial Ability was assessed at baseline, and at Month 3, Month 9, and Month 12 after the start of the first cycle of ADT. This assessment was based on the Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale-Revised, Block Design sub-test and measures participants' ability to analyze and construct abstract figures from their component parts. The test allows a time limit of 3 minutes per design, for a total of nine designs. Score is based on total number of designs completed (max 9, min 0). (NCT00223665)
Timeframe: Baseline, Month 3, Month 9, and Month 12

InterventionNumber of correctly completed designs (Mean)
BaselineScore at Month 3Score at Month 9Score at Month 12
Combined Androgen Blockade8.657.208.828.47

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Score on Executive Function Testing (Stroop Task) During First Cycle of IAS

Executive Function was assessed at baseline, and at Month 3, Month 9, and Month 12 after the start of the first cycle of ADT. This assessment was based on the Stroop Color Word Interference Task. Subjects are asked to read 100 color words (red, green, blue), followed by identification of color blocks followed by reading the color of the ink and ignoring the word (e.g., the word 'blue' printed in green letters). Assessment was based on the amount of time needed to time to complete the assessment. (NCT00223665)
Timeframe: Baseline, Month 3, Month 9, and Month 12

Interventionminutes to complete the assessment (Mean)
BaselineScore at Month 3Score at Month 9Score at Month 12
Intermittent Androgen Suppression (IAS)51.0055.5247.5848.82

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Score on Visual Working Memory Test During First Cycle of IAS

Visual Working Memory was assessed at baseline, and at Month 3, Month 9, and Month 12 after the start of the first cycle of ADT. This task is based on the Subject Ordered Pointing Task (SOPT). The participant is shown a grid array of 10, 12 or 16 abstract designs and they must choose a new design with each refresh of the screen. Assessment is based on total number of errors. (NCT00223665)
Timeframe: Baseline, Month 3, Month 9, and Month 12

Interventiontotal number of errors (Mean)
BaselineScore at Month 3Score at Month 9Score at Month 12
Intermittent Androgen Suppression (IAS)13.2215.6612.3514.00

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Estradiol Levels During First Cycle of IAS

Estradiol was measured at baseline, and at Month 3, Month 9, and Month 12 after the start of the first cycle of ADT. (NCT00223665)
Timeframe: Baseline, Month 3, Month 9, and Month 12

Interventionpg/ml (Mean)
BaselineMeasurement at Month 3Measurement at Month 9Measurement at Month 12
Intermittent Androgen Suppression (IAS)33.6023.1222.7624.35

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Prostate Specific Antigen (PSA) Failures

Baseline + Post-radiation PSA levels at three month intervals for initial two years then every 6 months thereafter. Participants with a rising PSA and no evidence of local or distant recurrence considered PSA failures. (NCT00388804)
Timeframe: 3 months up to 2 years

Interventionparticipants (Number)
RT Group 10
RT Group 2 + Hormone Therapy0

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Change in Resting Energy Expenditure (REE) Over the Study Period

Change in resting energy expenditure (REE) over the study period (REE at study endpoint - baseline REE) (NCT00442689)
Timeframe: 6 months

InterventionKcal/day (Mean)
Oral Contraceptive - 17
Flutamide - 2-79
Placebo - 3-88

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Change in Maximal Aerobic Exercise Capacity (VO2 Max) Over the Study Period

Change in maximal aerobic exercise capacity (VO2 max) over the study period (VO2 max at study endpoint - baseline VO2 max) (NCT00442689)
Timeframe: 6 months

InterventionL/min (Mean)
Oral Contraceptive - 1-0.5
Flutamide - 2-1.6
Placebo - 31.1

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Change in Low-density Lipoprotein (LDL) Levels Over the Study Period

Change in low-density lipoprotein (LDL) levels over the study period (LDL level at study endpoint - baseline LDL level) (NCT00442689)
Timeframe: 6 months

Interventionmg/dL (Mean)
Oral Contraceptive - 1-6
Flutamide - 2-9
Placebo - 3-7

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Change in High-density Lipoprotein (HDL) Levels During Study Period

Change in high-density lipoprotein (HDL) levels during study period (HDL level at study endpoint - baseline HDL) (NCT00442689)
Timeframe: 6 months

Interventionmg/dL (Mean)
Oral Contraceptive - 16
Flutamide - 2-5
Placebo - 3-2

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Change in Fat Percentage as Measured by Dual-energy X-ray Absorptiometry (DEXA) Scan Over the Study Period

Change in fat percentage as measured by DEXA scan over the study period (Fat percentage at study endpoint - baseline fat percentage) (NCT00442689)
Timeframe: 6 months

Interventionpercentage of body mass (Mean)
Oral Contraceptive - 10.4
Flutamide - 2-1.9
Placebo - 3-1.9

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Change in Disposition Index

Change in disposition index (DI, insulin secretion corrected for insulin secretion) as measured by frequently-sampled IV glucose tolerance test (DI at study endpoint - baseline DI) (NCT00442689)
Timeframe: 6 months

Interventionmin^-1 (Mean)
Oral Contraceptive - 11653
Flutamide - 2194
Placebo - 3-184

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Change in Visceral Adipose Tissue (VAT) Volume as Measured by MRI

Change in visceral adipose tissue (VAT) volume as measured by MRI (VAT at study endpoint - baseline VAT) (NCT00442689)
Timeframe: 6 months

InterventionL (Mean)
Oral Contraceptive - 1-0.1
Flutamide - 2-0.1
Placebo - 30.1

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Count of Participants With Serious and Non-serious Adverse Events Assessed by the Common Terminology Criteria in Adverse Events (CTCAE v4.0)

Here is the count of participants with serious and non-serious adverse events assessed by the Common Terminology Criteria in Adverse Events (CTCAE v4.0). A non-serious adverse event is any untoward medical occurrence. A serious adverse event is an adverse event or suspected adverse reaction that results in death, a life threatening adverse drug experience, hospitalization, disruption of the ability to conduct normal life functions, congenital anomaly/birth defect or important medical events that jeopardize the patient or subject and may require medical or surgical intervention to prevent one of the previous outcomes mentioned. (NCT00450463)
Timeframe: Median Potential Follow-up of 46.7 months

InterventionParticipants (Count of Participants)
Flutamide Alone33
Flutamide + Vaccine + Sargramostim31
Vaccine Alone After Flutamide11

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Number of Participants With Prostatic Specific Antigen (PSA) Response

Complete response is PSA <0.2 confirmed by a second reading at least 4 weeks later. All patients with a PSA decline of >50% (confirmed by a second value at least 4 weeks after the first) and who have no other evidence of disease progression will be reported with both PSA decline only and PSA decline and stable disease on scans. A 25% increase in PSA over nadir is progressive disease with or without evidence of metastatic disease, and/or development of disease on scans or a second occurrence of rising PSA levels in the absence of clinical progression. (NCT00450463)
Timeframe: Median potential follow-up for all patients is 46.7 months

InterventionParticipants (Count of Participants)
Flutamide Alone7
Flutamide + Vaccine + Sargramostim7

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Percentage of Participants With Antigen Specific Immune Responses Against Prostatic Specific Antigen (PSA)

Antigen specific responses were evaluated using intracellular cytokine staining of cluster of differentiation 4 (CD4) and cluster of differentiation 8 (CD8) cells (evaluating cluster of Differentiation 107a (CD107a), INFg, Interleukin-2 (IL-2), and tumor necrosis factor (TNF) for CD4+ and CD8+ T-cells. Peripheral blood mononuclear cells were separated by Ficoll-Hypaque density gradient separation, washed three times, and preserved in 90% heat-inactivated human A and B blood-type antigens) AB serum and 10% Dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) in liquid nitrogen at a concentration of 1 × 10^7 cells/mL until assayed. Analysis of antigen-specific responses following therapy was assessed by intracellular cytokine staining following a period of in vitro stimulation with overlapping 15-mer peptide pools. A more complete description can be found at Heery CR et al, Cancer Immunol Res. 2015 Nov;3(11):1248-56. (NCT00450463)
Timeframe: 3 months

Interventionpercentage of participants (Number)
Flutamide Alone58
Flutamide + Vaccine + Sargramostim56

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Time to Treatment Failure

Time to treatment failure is defined as a rising Prostatic Specific Antigen (PSA) (Bubley criteria, JCO 1999), development of metastatic disease, or removal from treatment due to excessive toxicity) compared to patients receiving flutamide alone. Normal PSA is 4.0 ng/mL or lower. (NCT00450463)
Timeframe: Median Potential Follow-up of 46.7 months

InterventionMonths (Median)
Flutamide Alone4.5
Flutamide + Vaccine + Sargramostim6.9

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"Number of Patients With Acute Adverse Events (Based on CTCAE, v3.0)"

The number of patients with at least one grade 3 or higher adverse event (AE) from start of treatment to 90 days after the planned end of treatment (21 days after last docetaxel dose). Adverse events are graded using CTCAE v3.0. Grade refers to the severity of the AE. The CTCAE v3.0 assigns Grades 1 through 5 with unique clinical descriptions of severity for each AE based on this general guideline: Grade 1 Mild AE, Grade 2 Moderate AE, Grade 3 Severe AE, Grade 4 Life-threatening or disabling AE, Grade 5 Death related to AE. (NCT00528866)
Timeframe: From start of treatment to 90 days after the planned end of treatment (21 days after last docetaxel dose). Analysis occurs at the time of the primary analysis. (Patients are followed until death or study termination whichever occurs first.

Interventionparticipants (Number)
Androgen Suppression + RT + Docetaxel57

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"Time to Late Grade 3+ Adverse Events (Based on CTCAE, v3.0)"

Two-year rate shown (cumulative incidence method). Adverse events are graded using CTCAE v3.0. Time of first late adverse event occurrence of the Grade 3+ adverse event between 91 days and 730 days from the completion of treatment (3 weeks after the last planned docetaxel dose) calculated. Adverse events are graded using CTCAE v3.0. Grade refers to the severity of the AE. The CTCAE v3.0 assigns Grades 1 through 5 with unique clinical descriptions of severity for each AE based on this general guideline: Grade 1 Mild AE, Grade 2 Moderate AE, Grade 3 Severe AE, Grade 4 Life-threatening or disabling AE, Grade 5 Death related to AE. (NCT00528866)
Timeframe: From 91 to 730 days after the planned end of treatment (21 days after last docetaxel dose). Analysis occurs at the time of the primary analysis. (Patients are followed from registration to death or study termination whichever occurs first.)

Interventionpercentage of participants (Number)
Androgen Suppression + RT + Docetaxel8.1

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Distant Metastasis (3-year Rate)

Time from registration to date of distant metastasis (failure), death (competing risk), or last follow-up (censored). Three-year failure rate and 95% confidence interval were estimated by the cumulative incidence method. (NCT00528866)
Timeframe: Analysis occurs after all patients have been on study for at least 3 years. (Patients are followed from registration to death or study termination whichever occurs first.)

Interventionpercentage of participants (Number)
Androgen Suppression + RT + Docetaxel6.8

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Local-regional Progression (3 Year Rate)

Time from registration to date of local progression (failure), death (competing risk), or last follow-up (censored). Three-year failure rate and 95% confidence interval were estimated by the cumulative incidence method. (NCT00528866)
Timeframe: Analysis occurs after all patients have been on study for at least 3 years. (Patients are followed from registration to death or study termination whichever occurs first.)

Interventionpercentage of participants (Number)
Androgen Suppression + RT + Docetaxel0

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Non-prostate Cancer Death (3-year Rate)

Time from registration to date of death due to other causes (failure), death due to prostate cancer (competing risk), or last follow-up (censored).Three-year failure rate and 95% confidence interval were estimated by the cumulative incidence method. (NCT00528866)
Timeframe: Analysis occurs after all patients have been on study for at least 3 years. (Patients are followed from registration to death or study termination whichever occurs first.)

Interventionpercentage of participants (Number)
Androgen Suppression + RT + Docetaxel1.4

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Number of Participants Free From Progression at 3 Years

Failure was defined as PSA ≥ 0.4 ng/mL after the end of radiation therapy confirmed by a second higher PSA, non-protocol hormones, local-regional progression, distant metastasis, or death, within 3 years after study registration. Freedom from progression (FFP) rate under null hypothesis was 50%; under alternative hypothesis ≥ 70%. Per Fleming's multiple testing procedure with 3 stages, 69 patients (76 allowing for 10% ineligible) were required for 90% power and type I error 0.025. If ≥ 44 of 69 patients had a FFP event, we would reject 50% FFP rate in favor of ≥ 70%. Analysis was out of 74 patients (not 69), so ≥ 44 was revised to ≥ 46. (NCT00528866)
Timeframe: From registration to 3 years.

Interventionparticipants (Number)
Androgen Suppression + RT + Docetaxel54

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Overall Survival (3-year Rate)

Time from registration to date of death (failure) or last follow-up (censored). Three-year rate and 95% confidence interval were estimated by the Kaplan-Meier method. (NCT00528866)
Timeframe: Analysis occurs after all patients have been on study for at least 3 years. (Patients are followed from registration to death or study termination whichever occurs first.)

Interventionpercentage of participants (Number)
Androgen Suppression + RT + Docetaxel98.6

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Prostate Cancer Death (3-year Rate)

Time from registration to date of distant metastasis (failure), death (competing risk), or last follow-up (censored). Three-year failure rate and 95% confidence interval were estimated by the cumulative incidence method. (NCT00528866)
Timeframe: Analysis occurs after all patients have been on study for at least 3 years. (Patients are followed from registration to death or study termination whichever occurs first.)

Interventionpercentage of participants (Number)
Androgen Suppression + RT + Docetaxel0

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Time to Biochemical (PSA) Failure (3-year Rate)

Failure is defined as PSA ≥ 0.4 ng/mL confirmed by a second higher PSA or initiation of non-protocol hormones. Death is considered a competing risk. Three-year failure rate and 95% confidence interval were estimated by the cumulative incidence method. (NCT00528866)
Timeframe: Analysis occurs after all patients have been on study for at least 3 years. (Patients are followed from registration to death or study termination whichever occurs first.)

Interventionpercentage of participants (Number)
Androgen Suppression + RT + Docetaxel25.7

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Percentage of Participants With Secondary Biochemical Failure (Alternative Biochemical Failure)

Secondary biochemical (failure) is defined as either of two occurrences: 1. For detectable post-baseline PSA values (≥ 0.1), the first occurrence of a PSA value that is both ≥ 0.4 and a second rise above nadir; 2.The start of second salvage therapy. Failure time is defined as time from randomization to the date of failure, death (competing risk), or last known follow-up (censored). Failure rates for data summary are estimated using the cumulative incidence method, with 5-year rates provided here. Pairwise comparisons of the distributions of failure times, reported in the statistical analysis section, use cause-specific hazard rates for which deaths are censored. The study was designed for the final analysis to occur after all participants had been on study for at least 5 years, but results were reported early. See Limitations and Caveats section. (NCT00567580)
Timeframe: From randomization to last follow-up. Maximum follow-up at time of analysis was 10.5 years.

Interventionpercentage of participants (Number)
PBRT Alone35.7
PBRT + STAD22.3
PLNRT + PBRT + STAD14.5

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Percentage of Participants Experiencing Late Grade 2+ and 3+ Adverse Events > 90 Days From the Completion of Radiotherapy (RT)

Common Terminology Criteria for Adverse Events (version 3.0) grades adverse event severity from 1=mild to 5=death. Late adverse events (AE) are defined as occurring > 90 days from the completion of RT. Failure time is defined as time from randomization to the date of first late grade 2 or grade 3 adverse event, death (competing risk), or last known follow-up (censored). Failure rates for data summary are estimated using the cumulative incidence method, with 5-year rates provided here. Pairwise comparisons of the distributions of failure times between Arm 2 and Arm 1 and between Arm 3 and Arm 2, reported in the statistical analysis section, use cause-specific hazard rates for which deaths are censored. (NCT00567580)
Timeframe: AE: from 91 days after completion of RT (approximately 7-8 weeks) to last follow-up. Vital status: from randomization to last follow-up. Maximum follow-up at time of analysis was 10.5 years.

,,
Interventionpercentage of participants (Number)
Grade 2+Grade 3+
PBRT + STAD54.811.4
PBRT Alone52.810.3
PLNRT + PBRT + STAD58.614.4

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Percentage of Participants Experiencing Grade 2+ and 3+ Adverse Events ≤ 90 Days of the Completion of Radiotherapy (RT)

Common Terminology Criteria for Adverse Events (version 3.0) grades adverse event severity from 1=mild to 5=death. Summary data is provided in this outcome measure; see Adverse Events Module for specific adverse event data. Pairwise comparisons of Arm 2 vs Arm 1 and Arm 3 vs. Arm 2 are reported in the statistical analysis. (NCT00567580)
Timeframe: From randomization to 90 days after completion of radiotherapy (approximately 7-8 weeks).

,,
Interventionpercentage of participants (Number)
Grade 2+Grade 3+
PBRT + STAD36.38.7
PBRT Alone18.84.4
PLNRT + PBRT + STAD43.612.2

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Percentage of Participants Alive (Overall Mortality)

Survival time is defined as time from randomization to the date of death from any cause or last known follow-up (censored). Survival rates are estimated by the Kaplan-Meier method. Pairwise comparisons of the overall distributions of failure times are reported in statistical analysis section, with five-year rates reported here. The study was designed for the final analysis to occur after all participants had been on study for at least 5 years, but the data monitoring committee decided to release results after the third interim analysis. (NCT00567580)
Timeframe: From randomization to last follow-up. Maximum follow-up at time of analysis was 10.5 years.

Interventionpercentage of participants (Number)
PBRT Alone93.9
PBRT + STAD96.1
PLNRT + PBRT + STAD95.7

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Percentage of Participants Free From Hormone-refractory Disease (Castrate-resistant Disease)

Hormone-refractory disease (failure) is defined as three rises in PSA after the start of second salvage androgen deprivation therapy. Failure time is defined as time from randomization to the date of failure, death (competing risk), or last known follow-up (censored). Failure rates for data summary are estimated using the cumulative incidence method, with 5-year rates provided here. Pairwise comparisons of the distributions of failure times, reported in the statistical analysis section, use cause-specific hazard rates for which deaths are censored. The study was designed for the final analysis to occur after all participants had been on study for at least 5 years, but the data monitoring committee decided to release results after the third interim analysis. (NCT00567580)
Timeframe: From randomization to last follow-up. Maximum follow-up at time of analysis was 10.5 years.

Interventionpercentage of participants (Number)
PBRT Alone2.9
PBRT + STAD2.4
PLNRT + PBRT + STAD1.2

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Percentage of Participants Free From Progression (FFP) at 5 Years

Progression is defined as the first occurrence of the following events: biochemical failure by the Phoenix definition (prostate-specific antigen [PSA] ≥ 2 ng/ml over the nadir PSA), clinical failure (local, regional or distant), or death from any cause. The initiation of second salvage therapy before progression was a protocol violation and resulted in censoring. Progression time is defined as time from randomization to the date of progression, second salvage therapy (censored), or last known follow-up (censored). Freedom from progression rates are estimated using the Kaplan-Meier method. The study was designed for the final analysis to occur after all participants had been on study for at least 5 years, but results were reported early. See Limitations and Caveats section. (NCT00567580)
Timeframe: From randomization to five years.

Interventionpercentage of participants (Number)
PBRT Alone70.3
PBRT + STAD81.3
PLNRT + PBRT + STAD87.4

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Percentage of Participants Who Died Due to Prostate Cancer (Cause-specific Mortality)

Cause-specific mortality (failure) is defined as death due to prostate cancer or complications of protocol treatment (centrally reviewed), or death following disease progression (clinical or biochemical) in the absence of or after the initiation of any salvage therapy. [Biochemical progression is indicated by any rise in PSA.] Failure time is defined as time from randomization to the date of failure, death (competing risk), or last known follow-up (censored). Failure rates for data summary are estimated using the cumulative incidence method, with 5-year rates provided here. Pairwise comparisons of the distributions of failure times, reported in the statistical analysis section, use cause-specific hazard rates for which deaths are censored. The study was designed for the final analysis to occur after all participants had been on study for at least 5 years, but the data monitoring committee decided to release results after the third interim analysis. (NCT00567580)
Timeframe: From randomization to last follow-up. Maximum follow-up at time of analysis was 10.5 years.

Interventionpercentage of participants (Number)
PBRT Alone2.7
PBRT + STAD1.1
PLNRT + PBRT + STAD0.8

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Percentage of Participants With Distant Metastasis

Distant metastasis (failure) is defined as the occurrence of distant metastasis determined by imaging. Failure time is defined as time from randomization to the date of failure, death (competing risk), or last known follow-up (censored). Failure rates for data summary are estimated using the cumulative incidence method, with 5-year rates provided here. Pairwise comparisons of the distributions of failure times, reported in the statistical analysis section, use cause-specific hazard rates for which deaths are censored. The study was designed for the final analysis to occur after all participants had been on study for at least 5 years, but the data monitoring committee decided to release results after the third interim analysis. (NCT00567580)
Timeframe: From randomization to last follow-up. Maximum follow-up at time of analysis was 10.5 years.

Interventionpercentage of participants (Number)
PBRT Alone8.3
PBRT + STAD5.9
PLNRT + PBRT + STAD4.7

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Percentage of Participants With Local Failure

Local failure is defined as first occurrence of local clinical progression. Failure time is defined as time from randomization to the date of failure, death (competing risk), or last known follow-up (censored). Failure rates for data summary are estimated using the cumulative incidence method, with 5-year rates provided here. Pairwise comparisons of the distributions of failure times, reported in the statistical analysis section, use cause-specific hazard rates for which deaths are censored. The study was designed for the final analysis to occur after all participants had been on study for at least 5 years, but the data monitoring committee decided to release results after the third interim analysis. (NCT00567580)
Timeframe: From randomization to last follow-up. Maximum follow-up at time of analysis was 10.5 years.

Interventionpercentage of participants (Number)
PBRT Alone3.1
PBRT + STAD1.2
PLNRT + PBRT + STAD0.4

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Change in Clinical Global Severity Scale

Scale range in 1-7. 1 is not at all ill, 4 is moderately ill, and 6 is severely ill and 7 is among the most extremely ill patients. Change score is calculated as Clinical Global Severity Scale score at the end of treatment month 1 or treatment month 2 minus baseline score. Negative change score is a reduction in symptoms during treatment and a positive change score is an increase in symptoms during treatment. (NCT00611923)
Timeframe: Measured at Month 1 and Month 2

,
Interventionscore on a scale (Mean)
Month 1Month 2
Flutamide-1.2-1.7
Placebo-0.9-0.5

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Change in Premenstrual Symptoms as Measured by the Daily Rating of Severity of Problems (DRSP) Scale

DRSP low score is 21 high score is 126. High score indicates more severe symptoms. Average score for the 4 days preceding menses was calculated for each subject in each cycle. Change score is calculated as DRSP score at month 1 or month 2 minus baseline DRSP score. Negative change score is a reduction in symptoms during treatment and positive change score is an increase in symptoms during treatment. (NCT00611923)
Timeframe: Measured at Months 1 and 2

,
Interventionscore on a scale (Mean)
Month 1Month 2
Flutamide-26.0-35.6
Placebo-21.3-22.2

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Change in Premenstrual Symptoms as Measured by the Patient Global Premenstrual Symptoms as Measured by the Patient Global Improvement Scale at Month 1 and Month 2

Scale range in 1-7. 1 is very much improved, 4 is no change, and 7 is very much worse. (NCT00611923)
Timeframe: Measured at Month 1 and Month 2

,
Interventionscore on a scale (Mean)
Month 1Month 2
Flutamide2.43.1
Placebo3.02.2

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Change in Premenstrual Symptoms as Measured by the Premenstrual Tension Scale (PMTS)

Low score on PMTS scale is 0 and high score is 40. Change score is calculated as PMTS score at month 1 or month 2 minus baseline PMTS score. Negative change score is a reduction in symptoms during treatment and positive change score is an increase in symptoms during treatment. (NCT00611923)
Timeframe: Measured at Months 1and 2

,
Interventionscore on a scale (Mean)
Month 1Month 2
Flutamide-5.5-8.3
Placebo-6.9-5.5

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Premenstrual Symptoms as Measured by the Clinical Global Improvement Scale at Month 1 and Month 2

Scale range in 1-7. 1 is very much improved compared to baseline, 4 is no change compared to baseline, and 7 is very much worse compared to baseline. (NCT00611923)
Timeframe: Measured at Months 1 and 2

,
Interventionscore on a scale (Mean)
Month 1Month 2
Flutamide2.52.2
Placebo3.23.1

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Side Effect Burden Measured by Side Effect Questionnaire

The Side Effects Questionnaire is a measure of combined side effect burden, including a score for frequency (0-6), intensity (0-6) and interference with function (0-6). Low score is 0, high score is 18, High score represents greater severe side effect burden (NCT00611923)
Timeframe: Measured at Months 1 and 2

,
Interventionscore on a scale (Mean)
Month 1Month 2
Flutamide3.55.1
Placebo3.92.2

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Colony Stimulating Factor-1 Receptor (CSF-1R) Expression in Ovarian Stroma

CSF-1R levels were measured by immunohistochemistry (IHC). (NCT00699907)
Timeframe: Surgery

InterventionHisto-score (H-Score) (Median)
Treatment Arm20
High Risk Arm40
Low Risk Arm53

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Tyrosine Kinase V-erb-b2 Erythroblastic Leukemia Viral Oncogene Homolog-4 (ErbB4) Expression in Ovarian Endosalpingiosis

ErbB4 levels were measured by immunohistochemistry (IHC). (NCT00699907)
Timeframe: Surgery

InterventionHisto-score (H-Score) (Median)
Treatment Arm5
High Risk Arm60
Low Risk Arm10

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Tyrosine Kinase V-erb-b2 Erythroblastic Leukemia Viral Oncogene Homolog-4 (ErbB4) Expression in Ovarian Epithelium

ErbB4 levels were measured by immunohistochemistry (IHC). (NCT00699907)
Timeframe: Surgery

InterventionHisto-score (H-Score) (Median)
Treatment Arm0
High Risk Arm55
Low Risk Arm0

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Colony Stimulating Factor (CSF-1) Expression in Ovarian Stroma

CSF-1 levels were measured by immunohistochemistry (IHC). (NCT00699907)
Timeframe: Surgery

InterventionHisto-score (H-Score) (Median)
Treatment Arm5
High Risk Arm40
Low Risk Arm35

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Tyrosine Kinase V-erb-b2 Erythroblastic Leukemia Viral Oncogene Homolog-4 (ErbB4) Expression in Ovarian Stroma

ErbB4 levels were measured by immunohistochemistry (IHC). (NCT00699907)
Timeframe: Surgery

InterventionHisto-score (H-Score) (Median)
Treatment Arm10
High Risk Arm90
Low Risk Arm30

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Colony Stimulating Factor (CSF-1) Expression in Ovarian Endosalpingiosis

"CSF-1 levels were measured by immunohistochemistry (IHC).~The modified H-Score assess extent of nuclear immunoreactivity applicable to steroid receptors.~The modified H-scores total range is 0-300. A lower modified H-score indicates weakly staining nuclei. A higher modified H-score indicated strongly staining nuclei.~This applies to all measures." (NCT00699907)
Timeframe: Surgery

InterventionModified H-Score (Median)
Treatment Arm5
High Risk Arm130
Low Risk Arm50

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Colony Stimulating Factor (CSF-1) Expression in Ovarian Epithelium

CSF-1 levels were measured by immunohistochemistry (IHC). (NCT00699907)
Timeframe: Surgery

InterventionHisto-score (H-Score) (Median)
Treatment Arm0
High Risk Arm50
Low Risk Arm0

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Colony Stimulating Factor-1 Receptor (CSF-1R) Expression in Ovarian Endosalpingiosis

CSF-1R levels were measured by immunohistochemistry (IHC). (NCT00699907)
Timeframe: Surgery

InterventionHisto-score (H-Score) (Median)
Treatment Arm15
High Risk Arm160
Low Risk Arm75

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Colony Stimulating Factor-1 Receptor (CSF-1R) Expression in Ovarian Epithelium

CSF-1R levels were measured by immunohistochemistry (IHC). (NCT00699907)
Timeframe: Surgery

InterventionHisto-score (H-Score) (Median)
Treatment Arm0
High Risk Arm40
Low Risk Arm20

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Proportion of Patients Showing PSA Nadir

Plasma PSA nadir is the lowest PSA reading achieved after any treatment for prostate cancer. The patients were observed once every 4th week during the study period. (NCT00913263)
Timeframe: Measured every 4th week until progression or maximum 6 months.

Interventionpercentage of patients with PSA nadir (Number)
Part I83

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Time to PSA Nadir

Time frame was from baseline to day of PSA nadir. (NCT00913263)
Timeframe: Measured every 4th week until progression or maximum 6 moths.

InterventionNumber of days from baseline to PSA nadi (Number)
Part I77

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Number of Days to Prostate Volume Nadir.

Number of Days from day of injection to prostate volume nadir. (NCT00913263)
Timeframe: Measured every 4th week until progression or maximum 6 months.

InterventionDays (Median)
Part 1112

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Number of Patients Reporting Adverse Events Caused by the Study Treatment

"Adverse events caused by the study treatment~Abnormal, clinically relevant, laboratory parameters~Voiding symptoms~Vital Signs~Quality of Life" (NCT00913263)
Timeframe: Measured every 4th week till progression or maximum 6 months

InterventionPatients reporting study related AE (Number)
Group 112

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Percent Change in Prostate Volume From Baseline to Final Visit

Prostate volume was captured at each visit and percent change from baseline to final visit was measured. Final visit was either day of progression or after 6 months. Prostate volume decrease is reported in percent change from baseline (NCT00913263)
Timeframe: Measured every 4th week until progresion or maximum 6 months.

Interventionpercentage change (Median)
Part I7

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Percent Change in Prostate Volume From Baseline to Nadir.

Prostate volume was measured at each visit to capture nadir and compared to baseline for all patients. Decrease in prostate volume is reported as percent change from baseline. (NCT00913263)
Timeframe: Measured every 4th week until progression or maximum 6 months.

Interventionpercent change (Median)
Part I14

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Percentage of Participants Dead Due to Cause Other Than Prostate Cancer (Non-Prostate Cancer-specific Mortality)

Non-prostate cancer specific mortality is defined as a death without evidence of prostate cancer or a complication from treatment. . Failure time is defined as time from randomization to the date of first failure, last known follow-up (censored), or death without failure (competing risk). Failure rates are estimated using the cumulative incidence method. The protocol specifies that the distributions of failure times be compared between the arms, which is reported in the statistical analysis results. Five-year rates are provided here. Analysis was planned to occur after 218 deaths were reported. (NCT00936390)
Timeframe: From randomization to last follow-up. Follow-up schedule: end of RT (2nd arm only), then every 3 months for a year, every 4 months for 4 years, then yearly. Maximum follow-up at time of analysis was 10.3 years. Five-year rates reported here.

Interventionpercentage of participants (Number)
Dose-Escalated Radiation Therapy Alone9.1
Dose-Escalated Radiation Therapy and Short-Term Androgen-Deprivation9.0

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Percentage of Participants With Biochemical Failure

Biochemical failure is defined as an increase of at least 2 ng/ml above the nadir PSA. Failure time is defined as time from randomization to the date of first failure, last known follow-up (censored), or death without failure (competing risk). Failure rates are estimated using the cumulative incidence method. The protocol specifies that the distributions of failure times be compared between the arms, which is reported in the statistical analysis results. Five-year rates are provided here. Analysis was planned to occur after 218 deaths were reported. (NCT00936390)
Timeframe: From randomization to last follow-up. Follow-up schedule: end of RT (2nd arm only), then every 3 months for a year, every 4 months for 4 years, then yearly. Maximum follow-up at time of analysis was 10.3 years. Five-year rates reported here.

Interventionpercentage of participants (Number)
Dose-Escalated Radiation Therapy Alone13.9
Dose-Escalated Radiation Therapy and Short-Term Androgen-Deprivation7.7

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Percentage of Participants Receiving Salvage Androgen Deprivation Therapy (ADT)

Salvage (non-protocol) ADT administration is defined as the first administration of subsequent ADT (either LHRH agonist or anti-androgen) Failure time is defined as time from randomization to the date of first failure, last known follow-up (censored), or death without failure (competing risk). Salvage ADT rates are estimated using the cumulative incidence method. The protocol specifies that the distributions of salvage ADT times be compared between the arms, which is reported in the statistical analysis results. Five-year rates are provided here. Analysis was planned to occur after 218 deaths were reported. (NCT00936390)
Timeframe: From randomization to last follow-up. Follow-up schedule: end of RT (2nd arm only), then every 3 months for a year, every 4 months for 4 years, then yearly. Maximum follow-up at time of analysis was 10.3 years. Five-year rates reported here.

Interventionpercentage of participants (Number)
Dose-Escalated Radiation Therapy Alone6.1
Dose-Escalated Radiation Therapy and Short-Term Androgen-Deprivation4.2

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Number of Participants With Acute Adverse Events

Summary data is provided in this outcome measure; see Adverse Events Module for specific adverse event data. Acute adverse events are defined as occuring within 30 days of completion of radiation therapy. (NCT00936390)
Timeframe: From randomization to last follow-up. Follow-up schedule: end of RT (2nd arm only), then every 3 months for a year, every 4 months for 4 years, then yearly. Maximum follow-up at time of analysis was 10.3 years.

InterventionParticipants (Count of Participants)
Dose-Escalated Radiation Therapy Alone152
Dose-Escalated Radiation Therapy and Short-Term Androgen-Deprivation504

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Percentage of Participants Alive (Overall Survival)

Overall survival time is defined as time from randomization to the date of death from any cause or last known follow-up (censored). Overall survival rates are estimated by the Kaplan-Meier method. The protocol specifies that the distributions of failure times be compared between the arms, which is reported in the statistical analysis results. Five-year rates are provided here. Analysis was planned to occur after 218 deaths were reported. (NCT00936390)
Timeframe: From randomization to last follow-up. Follow-up schedule: end of RT (2nd arm only), then every 3 months for a year, every 4 months for 4 years, then yearly. Maximum follow-up at time of analysis was 10.3 years. Five-year rates reported here.

Interventionpercentage of participants (Number)
Dose-Escalated Radiation Therapy Alone90.0
Dose-Escalated Radiation Therapy and Short-Term Androgen-Deprivation91.0

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Change From Baseline in Expanded Prostate Cancer Index Composite (EPIC) Sexual Domain Score

The EPIC assesses disease-specific aspects of prostate cancer and it's therapies and consists of four summary domains (bowel, urinary, sexual, and hormonal), each ranging from 0-100, with higher scores representing better health-related quality of life. Change is calculated as time point value - baseline value, such that a positive change indicates improvement. (NCT00936390)
Timeframe: Last week of RT (approximately 9 and 17 weeks from start of protocol treatment for Arm 1 and 2, respectively), then 6 months, 1 year and 5 years from end of RT.

,
Interventionscore on a scale (Mean)
End of RTSix months post-RTOne year post-RTFive years post-RT
Dose-Escalated Radiation Therapy Alone-6.7-7.9-8.5-10.0
Dose-Escalated Radiation Therapy and Short-Term Androgen-Deprivation-22.6-19.9-16.6-9.6

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Percentage of Participants Dead Due to Prostate Cancer (Prostate Cancer-specific Mortality)

Prostate cancer specific mortality (failure) is defined as death due to prostate cancer or a complication from treatment. Failure time is defined as time from randomization to the date of first failure, last known follow-up (censored), or death without failure (competing risk). Failure rates are estimated using the cumulative incidence method. The protocol specifies that the distributions of failure times be compared between the arms, which is reported in the statistical analysis results. Five-year rates are provided here. Analysis was planned to occur after 218 deaths were reported. (NCT00936390)
Timeframe: From randomization to last follow-up. Follow-up schedule: end of RT (2nd arm only), then every 3 months for a year, every 4 months for 4 years, then yearly. Maximum follow-up at time of analysis was 10.3 years. Five-year rates reported here.

Interventionpercentage of participants (Number)
Dose-Escalated Radiation Therapy Alone0.90
Dose-Escalated Radiation Therapy and Short-Term Androgen-Deprivation0

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Percentage of Participants Failed (Freedom From Failure)

Failure is defined as biochemical failure, local failure, or distant metastasis. Failure time is defined as time from randomization to the date of first failure, last known follow-up (censored), or death without failure (competing risk). Failure rates are estimated using the cumulative incidence method. The protocol specifies that the distributions of failure times be compared between the arms, which is reported in the statistical analysis results. Five-year rates are provided here. Analysis was planned to occur after 218 deaths were reported. (NCT00936390)
Timeframe: From randomization to last follow-up. Follow-up schedule: end of RT (2nd arm only), then every 3 months for a year, every 4 months for 4 years, then yearly. Maximum follow-up at time of analysis was 10.3 years. Five-year rates are reported here.

Interventionpercentage of participants (Number)
Dose-Escalated Radiation Therapy Alone14.8
Dose-Escalated Radiation Therapy and Short-Term Androgen-Deprivation7.9

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Percentage of Participants Alive (Overall Survival) by Radiation Therapy Modality

Overall survival time is defined as time from randomization to the date of death from any cause or last known follow-up (censored). Overall survival rates are estimated by the Kaplan-Meier method. Five-year rates are provided here. Analysis was planned to occur after 218 deaths were reported. (NCT00936390)
Timeframe: From randomization to last follow-up. Follow-up schedule: end of RT (2nd arm only), then every 3 months for a year, every 4 months for 4 years, then yearly. Maximum follow-up at time of analysis was 10.3 years. Five-year rates reported here.

,
Interventionpercentage of participants (Number)
EBRTEBRT +LDR Brachytherapy BoostEBRT +HDR Brachytherapy Boost
Dose-Escalated Radiation Therapy Alone89.410091.7
Dose-Escalated Radiation Therapy and Short-Term Androgen-Deprivation90.397.2100

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Change From Baseline in Patient Reported Outcome Measurement Information System (PROMIS) Fatigue Domain Score

The PROMIS Fatigue short form 8a contains 8 questions, each with 5 responses ranging from 1 to 5, evaluating self-reported fatigue symptoms over the past 7 days. The total score is the sum of all questions which is then converted into a pro-rated T-score with a mean of 50 and standard deviation of 10, with a possible range of 33.1 to 77.8. Higher scores indicate more fatigue. Change is defined as value at one year - value at baseline. Positive change from baseline indicates increased fatigue at one year. (NCT00936390)
Timeframe: Last week of RT (approximately 9 and 17 weeks from start of protocol treatment for Arm 1 and 2, respectively), then 6 months, 1 year and 5 years from end of RT.

,
Interventionscore on a scale (Mean)
End of RTSix months post-RTOne year post_RTFive years post-RT
Dose-Escalated Radiation Therapy Alone0.801.090.990.97
Dose-Escalated Radiation Therapy and Short-Term Androgen-Deprivation1.841.210.860.80

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Change From Baseline in Expanded Prostate Cancer Index Composite (EPIC) Hormonal Domain Score

The EPIC assesses disease-specific aspects of prostate cancer and it's therapies and consists of four summary domains (bowel, urinary, sexual, and hormonal), each ranging from 0-100, with higher scores representing better health-related quality of life. Change is calculated as time point value - baseline value, such that a positive change indicates improvement. (NCT00936390)
Timeframe: Last week of RT (approximately 9 and 17 weeks from start of protocol treatment for Arm 1 and 2, respectively), then 6 months, 1 year and 5 years from end of RT.

,
Interventionscore on a scale (Mean)
End of RTSix months post-RTOne year post-RTFive years post-RT
Dose-Escalated Radiation Therapy Alone-1.8-0.7-0.8-0.3
Dose-Escalated Radiation Therapy and Short-Term Androgen-Deprivation-18.4-13.7-7.8-2.7

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Change From Baseline in Expanded Prostate Cancer Index Composite (EPIC) Bowel Domain Score

The EPIC assesses disease-specific aspects of prostate cancer and it's therapies and consists of four summary domains (bowel, urinary, sexual, and hormonal), each ranging from 0-100, with higher scores representing better health-related quality of life. Change is calculated as time point value - baseline value, such that a positive change indicates improvement. (NCT00936390)
Timeframe: Last week of RT (approximately 9 and 17 weeks from start of protocol treatment for Arm 1 and 2, respectively), then 6 months, 1 year and 5 years from end of RT.

,
Interventionscore on a scale (Mean)
End of RTSix months post-RTOne year post-RTFive years post-RT
Dose-Escalated Radiation Therapy Alone-9.7-2.6-4.0-2.7
Dose-Escalated Radiation Therapy and Short-Term Androgen-Deprivation-10.5-3.8-5.2-2.9

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Percentage of Participants With Local Recurrence

Local recurrence (failure) is defined as clinical (palpable) suspicion of local recurrence [this date is used] confirmed by biopsy. Failure time is defined as time from randomization to the date of first failure, last known follow-up (censored), or death without failure (competing risk). Failure rates are estimated using the cumulative incidence method. The protocol specifies that the distributions of failure times be compared between the arms, which is reported in the statistical analysis results. Five-year rates are provided here. Analysis was planned to occur after 218 deaths were reported. (NCT00936390)
Timeframe: From randomization to last follow-up. Follow-up schedule: end of RT (2nd arm only), then every 3 months for a year, every 4 months for 4 years, then yearly. Maximum follow-up at time of analysis was 10.3 years. Five-year rates reported here.

Interventionpercentage of participants (Number)
Dose-Escalated Radiation Therapy Alone2.6
Dose-Escalated Radiation Therapy and Short-Term Androgen-Deprivation0.6

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Percentage of Participants With Late Grade 3+ Adverse Events

Common Terminology Criteria for Adverse Events (version 4.0) grades adverse event severity from 1=mild to 5=death. Summary data is provided in this outcome measure; see Adverse Events Module for specific adverse event data. Late adverse events are defined as occurring more than 30 days after the end of radiation therapy. Failure is defined as grade 3 or higher late adverse event. Failure time is defined as time from randomization to the date of first failure, last known follow-up (censored), or death without failure (competing risk). Failure rates are estimated using the cumulative incidence method. The protocol specifies that the distributions of failure times be compared between the arms, which is reported in the statistical analysis results. Five-year rates are provided here. Analysis was planned to occur after 218 deaths were reported. (NCT00936390)
Timeframe: From randomization to last follow-up. Follow-up schedule: end of RT (2nd arm only), then every 3 months for a year, every 4 months for 4 years, then yearly. Maximum follow-up at time of analysis was 10.3 years. Five-year rates are reported here.

Interventionpercentage of participants (Number)
Dose-Escalated Radiation Therapy Alone12.8
Dose-Escalated Radiation Therapy and Short-Term Androgen-Deprivation15.2

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Percentage of Participants With Distant Metastasis

"Distant metastasis (failure) is defined as metastatic disease documented by any method. If diagnosed on diagnostic imaging prompted by biochemical failure, then the event date will be the date of biochemical progression.~Failure time is defined as time from randomization to the date of first failure, last known follow-up (competing risk), or death without failure (censored). Failure rates are estimated using the cumulative incidence method. The protocol specifies that the distributions of failure times be compared between the arms, which is reported in the statistical analysis results. Five-year rates are provided here. Analysis was planned to occur after 218 deaths were reported." (NCT00936390)
Timeframe: From randomization to last follow-up. Follow-up schedule: end of RT (2nd arm only), then every 3 months for a year, every 4 months for 4 years, then yearly. Maximum follow-up at time of analysis was 10.3 years. Five-year rates reported here.

Interventionpercentage of participants (Number)
Dose-Escalated Radiation Therapy Alone3.1
Dose-Escalated Radiation Therapy and Short-Term Androgen-Deprivation0.6

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Change From Baseline in Expanded Prostate Cancer Index Composite (EPIC) Urinary Domain Score

The EPIC assesses disease-specific aspects of prostate cancer and it's therapies and consists of four summary domains (bowel, urinary, sexual, and hormonal), each ranging from 0-100, with higher scores representing better health-related quality of life. Change is calculated as time point value - baseline value, such that a positive change indicates improvement. (NCT00936390)
Timeframe: Last week of RT (approximately 9 and 17 weeks from start of protocol treatment for Arm 1 and 2, respectively), then 6 months, 1 year and 5 years from end of RT.

,
Interventionscore on a scale (Mean)
End of RTSix months post-RTOne year post-RTFive years post-RT
Dose-Escalated Radiation Therapy Alone (Arm 1)-12.4-0.1-1.9-0.4
Dose-Escalated Radiation Therapy and Short-Term Androgen-Deprivation (Arm 2)-13.8-3.6-1.60.3

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Slope of the Percent Change in Luteinizing Hormone (LH) Pulses as a Function of Day 7 Progesterone Level

The primary outcome variable for the study is the slope of the percent change in LH pulses as a function of day 7 progesterone level. (NCT01428193)
Timeframe: 3 weeks after flutamide treatment

Interventionpercentage of slope change (Number)
Flutamide, Estrace, Progesterone-0.55

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Median Testosterone Recovery Time

Testosterone recovery is defined as testosterone level after treatment greater than 230 ng/dL. Testosterone recovery rates are estimated using the Kaplan-Meier method, censoring for biochemical, local, or distant failure, salvage therapy, death, and otherwise alive without event. Testosterone recovery time is defined as time from randomization to testosterone recovery or censoring. (NCT01546987)
Timeframe: From randomization to last follow-up. Follow-up schedule: every 3 months from start of treatment for 2 years, then every 6 months for 3 years, then yearly. Maximum follow-up at time of analysis was 9.1 years. Five-year rates are reported here.

Interventionyears (Median)
ADT + RTNA
TAK-700 + ADT + RTNA

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Change in Patient-Reported Outcome Measurement Information System (PROMIS) Fatigue Short Form at One Year

The PROMIS Fatigue short form 8a contains 8 questions, each with 5 responses ranging from 1 to 5, evaluating self-reported fatigue symptoms over the past 7 days. The total score is the sum of all questions which is then converted into a pro-rated T-score with a mean of 50 and standard deviation of 10, with a possible range of 33.1 to 77.8. Higher scores indicate more fatigue. Change is defined as value at one year - value at baseline. Positive change from baseline indicates increased fatigue at one year. (NCT01546987)
Timeframe: Baseline, one year

InterventionT-score (Mean)
ADT + RT2.78
TAK-700 + ADT + RT3.16

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Testosterone Recovery at 12 and 24 Months

Testosterone recovery is defined as testosterone level after treatment greater than 230 ng/dL. Time to testosterone recovery is defined as time from randomization to the date of testosterone recovery, biochemical, local, or distant failure (competing risk), salvage therapy (competing risk), death (competing risk), or last known follow-up (censored). Testosterone recovery rates are estimated using the cumulative incidence method. (NCT01546987)
Timeframe: From registration to last follow-up. Follow-up schedule: every 3 months from start of treatment for 2 years, then every 6 months for 3 years, then yearly. Maximum follow-up at time of analysis was 9.1 years.

,
Interventionpercentage of participants (Number)
12 months24 months
ADT + RT19.432.9
TAK-700 + ADT + RT12.517.4

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Serum Testosterone

(NCT01546987)
Timeframe: Baseline,12 months, 24 months

,
Interventionng/dL (Mean)
Baseline12 months24 months
ADT + RT355.7535.6886.47
TAK-700 + ADT + RT357.7325.2217.36

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Serum High-density Lipoprotein (LDL)

(NCT01546987)
Timeframe: Baseline, 12 months, 24 months

,
Interventionmg/dL (Mean)
Baseline12 months24 months
ADT + RT88.7886.1881.35
TAK-700 + ADT + RT87.8583.7395.34

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Serum High-density Lipoprotein (HDL)

(NCT01546987)
Timeframe: Baseline, 12 months, 24 months

,
Interventionmg/dL (Mean)
Baseline12 months24 months
ADT + RT40.9144.9442.16
TAK-700 + ADT + RT41.3244.5044.85

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Number of Patients With Clinical Survivorship Events

"Clinical survivorship events are defined as the following newly diagnosed non-fatal cardiovascular events or other clinical endpoints relevant to prostate cancer survivorship:~type 2 diabetes, coronary artery disease, myocardial infarction, stroke, pulmonary embolism, deep vein thrombosis, and osteoporotic fracture." (NCT01546987)
Timeframe: From randomization to last follow-up. Follow-up schedule: every 3 months from start of treatment for 2 years, then every 6 months for 3 years, then yearly. Maximum follow-up at time of analysis was 9.1 years. Five-year rates are reported here.

,
InterventionParticipants (Count of Participants)
Type 2 diabetesCoronary artery diseaseMyocardial infarctionStrokePulmonary embolismDeep vein thrombosisOsteoporotic fracture
ADT + RT3016651086
TAK-700 + ADT + RT181486571

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Number of Participants by Highest Grade Adverse Event

Common Terminology Criteria for Adverse Events (version 4.0) grades adverse event severity from 1=mild to 5=death. Summary data is provided in this outcome measure; see Adverse Events Module for specific adverse event data (NCT01546987)
Timeframe: From registration to last follow-up. Follow-up schedule: every 3 months from start of treatment for 2 years, then every 6 months for 3 years, then yearly. Maximum follow-up at time of analysis was 9.1 years. Five-year rates are reported here.

,
InterventionParticipants (Count of Participants)
Grade 1Grade 2Grade 3Garde 4Grade 5
ADT + RT17543143
TAK-700 + ADT + RT2455591

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Hemoglobin A1c

(NCT01546987)
Timeframe: Baseline, 12 months, 24 months

,
Interventiong/dL (Mean)
Baseline12 months24 months
ADT + RT6.126.336.30
TAK-700 + ADT + RT6.015.956.04

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Fasting Total Cholesterol

(NCT01546987)
Timeframe: Baseline, 12 months, 24 months

,
Interventionmg/dL (Mean)
Baseline12 months24 months
ADT + RT149.71160.27163.20
TAK-700 + ADT + RT154.20154.74160.61

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Fasting Plasma Glucose

(NCT01546987)
Timeframe: Baseline, 12 months, 24 months

,
Interventionmg/dL (Mean)
Baseline12 months24 months
ADT + RT98.99102.27104.24
TAK-700 + ADT + RT100.52117.39105.51

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Change in Patient-reported Quality of Life as Measured by Expanded Prostate Cancer Index Composite (EPIC) Short Form at One Year

The EPIC-Short Form is a 26-item, validated self-administered tool to assess disease-specific aspects of prostate cancer and its therapies consisting of five summary domains (bowel, urinary incontinence, urinary irritation/obstruction, sexual, and hormonal function). Responses for each item form a Likert scale which are transformed to a 0-100 scale. A domain score is the average of the transformed domain item scores, ranging from 0-100 with higher scores representing better health-related quality of life (HRQOL). Change at one year is defined as one-year value - baseline value. Positive change at one year indicates improved quality of life. (NCT01546987)
Timeframe: Baseline, one year

,
Interventionscore on a scale (Mean)
Bowel domainUrinary domainSexual domainHormonal domain
ADT + RT-5.45-1.67-24.18-17.31
TAK-700 + ADT + RT-7.04-5.31-27.26-17.45

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Change From Baseline in Body Mass Index (BMI)

Body Mass Index (BMI) is a person's weight in kilograms (or pounds) divided by the square of height in meters (or feet). Change from baseline = time point value - baseline value. (NCT01546987)
Timeframe: Baseline and yearly to five years.

,
Interventionkg/m^2 (Mean)
1 year2 years3 years4 years5 years
ADT + RT0.640.670.75-0.02-0.52
TAK-700 + ADT + RT-0.84-0.340.250.460.15

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Percentage of Patients Alive [Overall Survival] (Primary Endpoint of Original Protocol)

Note, the revised protocol (see Limitations and Caveats) changed this outcome measure from primary (original protocol) to secondary. Overall survival time is defined as time from randomization to the date of death from any cause or last known follow-up (censored). Overall survival rates are estimated by the Kaplan-Meier method. The protocol specifies that the distributions of failure times be compared between the arms, which is reported in the statistical analysis results. 5-year rates are provided. (NCT01546987)
Timeframe: From randomization to last follow-up. Follow-up schedule: every 3 months from start of treatment for 2 years, then every 6 months for 3 years, then yearly. Maximum follow-up at time of analysis was 9.1 years. Five-year rates are reported here.

Interventionpercentage of participants (Number)
ADT + RT89.4
TAK-700 + ADT + RT88.1

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Percentage of Participants With Local Progression

Local recurrence (failure) is defined as biopsy proven recurrence within the prostate gland. Time to failure is defined as time from randomization to the date of failure, last known follow-up (censored), or death without failure (competing risk). Failure rates are estimated using the cumulative incidence method, while treatment effect comparisons are based on cause-specific hazards (deaths censored). Five-year rates are provided here. (NCT01546987)
Timeframe: From randomization to last follow-up. Follow-up schedule: every 3 months from start of treatment for 2 years, then every 6 months for 3 years, then yearly. Maximum follow-up at time of analysis was 9.1 years. Five-year rates reported.

Interventionpercentage of participants (Number)
ADT + RT2.9
TAK-700 + ADT + RT0.0

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Percentage of Participants With Grade 3 or Higher Adverse Events

Time to grade 3 or higher adverse event (event) is defined as time from randomization to the date of first event, last known follow-up (censored), or death without failure (competing risk). Event rates are estimated using the cumulative incidence method, while treatment effect comparisons are based on cause-specific hazards (deaths censored). Five-year rates are provided here. (NCT01546987)
Timeframe: From randomization to last follow-up. Follow-up schedule: every 3 months from start of treatment for 2 years, then every 6 months for 3 years, then yearly. Maximum follow-up at time of analysis was 9.1 years. Five-year rates are reported here.

Interventionpercentage of participants (Number)
ADT + RT34.9
TAK-700 + ADT + RT58.9

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Percentage of Participants With General Clinical Treatment Failure

General clinical treatment failure (GCTF) is defined as: PSA > 25 ng/ml, documented local disease progression, regional or distant metastasis, or initiation of salvage androgen deprivation therapy. Failure time is defined as time from registration to the date of failure, last known follow-up (censored), or death without failure (competing risk). Failure rates are estimated using the cumulative incidence method, while treatment effect comparisons are based on cause-specific hazards (deaths censored). Five-year rates are provided here. (NCT01546987)
Timeframe: From randomization to last follow-up. Follow-up schedule: every 3 months from start of treatment for 2 years, then every 6 months for 3 years, then yearly. Maximum follow-up at time of analysis was 9.1 years. Five-year rates are reported here.

Interventionpercentage of participants (Number)
ADT + RT12.5
TAK-700 + ADT + RT6.8

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Percentage of Participants With Distant Metastases

Distant metastases (failure) is defined as imaging or biopsy demonstrated evidence for systemic recurrence. Biopsy was not required, however it was encouraged in absence of a rising PSA. Time to failure is defined as time from randomization to the date of first failure, last known follow-up (censored), or death without failure (competing risk). Failure rates are estimated using the cumulative incidence method, while treatment effect comparisons are based on cause-specific hazards (deaths censored). Five-year rates are provided here. Note, the protocol lists this endpoint as regional or distant metastasis, but regional progression data was not collected. (NCT01546987)
Timeframe: From randomization to last follow-up. Follow-up schedule: every 3 months from start of treatment for 2 years, then every 6 months for 3 years, then yearly. Maximum follow-up at time of analysis was 9.1 years. Five-year rates are reported here.

Interventionpercentage of participants (Number)
ADT + RT6.8
TAK-700 + ADT + RT2.9

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Percentage of Participants With Death Due to Prostate Cancer

Time to prostate cancer death is defined as time from randomization to the date of death due to prostate cancer, last known follow-up (censored), or death due to other causes (competing risk). Failure rates were to be estimated using the cumulative incidence method. If too few events occur for meaningful estimates, then only counts of events will be reported. (NCT01546987)
Timeframe: From randomization to last follow-up. Follow-up schedule: every 3 months from start of treatment for 2 years, then every 6 months for 3 years, then yearly. Maximum follow-up at time of analysis was 9.1 years. Five-year rates are reported here.

InterventionParticipants (Count of Participants)
ADT + RT1
TAK-700 + ADT + RT0

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Percentage of Participants With Biochemical Failure (Primary Endpoint of Revised Protocol)

Note, the revised protocol (see Limitations and Caveats) changed this outcome measure from secondary (original protocol) to primary. Biochemical failure will be defined by the Phoenix definition (PSA ≥ 2 ng/ml over the nadir PSA, the presence of local, regional, or distant recurrence, or the initiation of salvage androgen deprivation therapy. Time to failure is defined as time from randomization to the date of first failure, last known follow-up (censored), or death without failure (competing risk). Failure rates are estimated using the cumulative incidence method, while treatment effect comparisons are based on cause-specific hazards (deaths censored). Five-year rates are provided here. (NCT01546987)
Timeframe: From randomization to last follow-up. Follow-up schedule: every 3 months from start of treatment for 2 years, then every 6 months for 3 years, then yearly. Maximum follow-up at time of analysis was 9.1 years. Five-year rates are reported here.

Interventionpercentage of participants (Number)
ADT + RT17.3
TAK-700 + ADT + RT12.8

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Time to PSA Progression With 2nd Line AAT (TTPP2)

TTPP2 was defined as the period from day 1 of the 2nd line AAT to the date of PSA progression with the 2nd line AAT. PSA progression was defined according to the consensus guidelines of PCWG2. For participants with PSA declines at week 13, the PSA progression date was defined as the date that a ≥ 25% increase and an absolute increase of ≥ 2 ng/mL above the nadir were documented, which was confirmed by a second consecutive value obtained 3 or more weeks later. For participants with no PSA decline at week 13, the PSA progression date was defined as the date that a ≥ 25% increase and an absolute increase of ≥ 2 ng/mL above the baseline were documented. Time to event analysis was performed using kaplan-meier estimates. (NCT02918968)
Timeframe: From date of randomization to the date of PSA progression in 2nd line AAT (Up to 38 months)

InterventionMonths (Median)
Enzalutamide 160 mg 1st Line AAT/Flutamide 375 mg 2nd Line AATNA
Flutamide 375 mg 1st Line AAT/Enzaltumide 160 mg 2nd Line AAT21.22

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Percentage of Participants Achieving at Least 50 or 90 Percent (%) Reduction From Baseline and Up To Week 38 in Prostate Specific Antigen (PSA) Response at 1st Line AAT

"PSA response was defined as PSA decreased by at least 50% or 90% from baseline when at least 3 weeks passed after the lowest PSA decreased by at least 50% or 90% from baseline in the 1st line AAT period after baseline.~Data was reported per each disease stage (M0/N0, M0/N1, M1). 1) M0/N0: No distant metastasis and no lymph node metastasis. 2) M0/N1: Without distant metastasis, but with metastasis in lymph nodes distal to the aortic bifurcation. 3) M1: With distant metastasis (including metastasis in lymph nodes proximal to the aortic bifurcation)." (NCT02918968)
Timeframe: Baseline and at least 3 weeks after, the lowest PSA decreased by at least 50% or 90% from baseline (Up to 38 months)

,
InterventionPercentage of participants (Number)
M0/N0: (≥ 50% reduction)M0/N1: (≥ 50% reduction)M1: (≥ 50% reduction)All participants: (≥ 50% reduction)M0/N0: (≥ 90% reduction)M0/N1: (≥ 90% reduction)M1: (≥ 90% reduction)All participants: (≥ 90% reduction)
Enzalutamide 160 mg 1st Line AAT/Flutamide 375 mg 2nd Line AAT75.066.772.072.562.533.353.354.9
Flutamide 375 mg 1st Line AAT/Enzaltumide 160 mg 2nd Line AAT48.00.032.034.68.00.020.016.3

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Time to Treatment Failure of 2nd Line AAT (TTF2)

TTF2 was defined as the period from randomization to study drug discontinuation of 2nd line AAT for any reason that includes disease progression, onset of AEs, participants request, or death. Time to event analysis was performed using kaplan-meier estimates. (NCT02918968)
Timeframe: From date of randomization to discontinuation of 2nd line AAT (Up to 38 months)

InterventionMonths (Median)
Enzalutamide 160 mg 1st Line AAT/Flutamide 375 mg 2nd Line AAT23.03
Flutamide 375 mg 1st Line AAT/Enzaltumide 160 mg 2nd Line AAT16.59

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Time to PSA Progression With 1st Line AAT (TTPP1)

TTPP1 was defined as the period from the date of randomization to the date of PSA progression in the 1st line AAT period. PSA progression was defined according to the consensus guidelines of prostate cancer clinical trials working group 2 (PCWG2). For participants with PSA declines at week 13, the PSA progression date was defined as the date that a ≥ 25% increase and an absolute increase of ≥ 2 ng/mL above the nadir were documented, which was confirmed by a second consecutive value obtained 3 or more weeks later. For participants with no PSA decline at week 13, the PSA progression date was defined as the date that a ≥ 25% increase and an absolute increase of ≥ 2 ng/mL above the baseline were documented. Time to event analysis was performed using kaplan-meier (KM) estimates. (NCT02918968)
Timeframe: From date of randomization to the date of PSA progression in the 1st line AAT period (Up to 38 months)

InterventionMonths (Median)
Enzalutamide 160 mg 1st Line AAT/Flutamide 375 mg 2nd Line AAT21.39
Flutamide 375 mg 1st Line AAT/Enzaltumide 160 mg 2nd Line AAT5.78

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Time to Treatment Failure of 1st Line AAT (TTF1)

"TTF1 was defined as the period from randomization to study drug discontinuation of 1st line AAT for any reason that includes disease progression, onset of adverse events (AEs), participants request, or death. Time to event analysis was performed using kaplan-meier estimates.~Data was reported per each disease stage (M0/N0, M0/N1, M1). 1) M0/N0: No distant metastasis and no lymph node metastasis. 2) M0/N1: Without distant metastasis, but with metastasis in lymph nodes distal to the aortic bifurcation. 3) M1: With distant metastasis (including metastasis in lymph nodes proximal to the aortic bifurcation)." (NCT02918968)
Timeframe: From date of randomization to discontinuation of 1st line AAT (Up to 38 months)

,
InterventionMonths (Median)
M0/N0M0/N1M1
Enzalutamide 160 mg 1st Line AAT/Flutamide 375 mg 2nd Line AAT17.585.5512.02
Flutamide 375 mg 1st Line AAT/Enzaltumide 160 mg 2nd Line AAT7.724.733.94

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Time to PSA Decrease by 50% From Baseline With 1st Line AAT

"Time to PSA decrease by 50% with 1st line AAT was defined as the period from the date of randomization to the day when the decrease of PSA from baseline by 50% is first identified. Time to event analysis was performed using kaplan-meier estimates.~Data was reported per each disease stage (M0/N0, M0/N1, M1). 1) M0/N0: No distant metastasis and no lymph node metastasis. 2) M0/N1: Without distant metastasis, but with metastasis in lymph nodes distal to the aortic bifurcation. 3) M1: With distant metastasis (including metastasis in lymph nodes proximal to the aortic bifurcation)." (NCT02918968)
Timeframe: From date of randomization to the day when the decrease of PSA from baseline by 50% is first identified (Up to 38 months)

,
InterventionMonths (Median)
M0/N0M0/N1M1
Enzalutamide 160 mg 1st Line AAT/Flutamide 375 mg 2nd Line AAT2.792.792.79
Flutamide 375 mg 1st Line AAT/Enzaltumide 160 mg 2nd Line AAT3.94NA7.49

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Radiographic Progression-free Survival (rPFS)

"rPFS was defined as the period from randomization to the time when radiographic disease progression is observed or death of any cause during the study period, whichever occurs earlier. Time to event analysis was performed using kaplan-meier estimates.~Data was reported per each disease stage (M0/N0, M0/N1, M1). 1) M0/N0: No distant metastasis and no lymph node metastasis. 2) M0/N1: Without distant metastasis, but with metastasis in lymph nodes distal to the aortic bifurcation. 3) M1: With distant metastasis (including metastasis in lymph nodes proximal to the aortic bifurcation)." (NCT02918968)
Timeframe: From date of randomization to the time when radiographic disease progression is observed or death of any cause (up to 38 months)

,
InterventionMonths (Median)
M1
Enzalutamide 160 mg 1st Line AAT/Flutamide 375 mg 2nd Line AATNA
Flutamide 375 mg 1st Line AAT/Enzaltumide 160 mg 2nd Line AATNA

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Percentage of Participants Achieving at Least 50 or 90 Percent (%) Reduction From Baseline to Week 13 in Prostate Specific Antigen (PSA) Response at 1st Line AAT

"PSA response was defined as the lowest PSA at week 13 decreased by at least 50% or 90% from baseline in the 1st line AAT period.~Data was reported per each disease stage (M0/N0, M0/N1, M1). 1) M0/N0: No distant metastasis and no lymph node metastasis. 2) M0/N1: Without distant metastasis, but with metastasis in lymph nodes distal to the aortic bifurcation. 3) M1: With distant metastasis (including metastasis in lymph nodes proximal to the aortic bifurcation)." (NCT02918968)
Timeframe: Baseline and week 13

,
InterventionPercentage of participants (Number)
M0/N0: (≥ 50% reduction)M0/N1: (≥ 50% reduction)M1: (≥ 50% reduction)All participants: (≥ 50% reduction)M0/N0: (≥ 90% reduction)M0/N1: (≥ 90% reduction)M1: (≥ 90% reduction)All participants: (≥ 90% reduction)
Enzalutamide 160 mg 1st Line AAT/Flutamide 375 mg 2nd Line AAT83.366.772.074.550.033.349.349.0
Flutamide 375 mg 1st Line AAT/Enzaltumide 160 mg 2nd Line AAT40.00.033.333.78.00.018.715.4

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SubstanceRelationship StrengthStudiesTrialsClassesRoles
ethylene dichloride
ethylene dichloride: RN given refers to 1,2-isomer; structure given in first source. 1,2-dichloroethane : A member of the class of chloroethanes substituted by two chloro groups at positions 1 and 2.		2.4620chloroethaneshepatotoxic agent;
mutagen;
non-polar solvent
2,3-dihydroxybenzoic acid
2,3-dihydroxybenzoic acid: RN given refers to parent cpd. dihydroxybenzoic acid : Any member of the class of hydroxybenzoic acids carrying two phenolic hydroxy groups on the benzene ring and its derivatives.. 2,3-dihydroxybenzoic acid : A dihydroxybenzoic acid that is benzoic acid substituted by hydroxy groups at positions 2 and 3. It occurs naturally in Phyllanthus acidus and in the aquatic fern Salvinia molesta.		2.0710dihydroxybenzoic acidhuman xenobiotic metabolite;
plant metabolite
gamma-aminobutyric acid
gamma-Aminobutyric Acid: The most common inhibitory neurotransmitter in the central nervous system.. gamma-aminobutyric acid : A gamma-amino acid that is butanoic acid with the amino substituent located at C-4.		3.2660amino acid zwitterion;
gamma-amino acid;
monocarboxylic acid		human metabolite;
neurotransmitter;
Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite;
signalling molecule
ethylene glycol
Ethylene Glycol: A colorless, odorless, viscous dihydroxy alcohol. It has a sweet taste, but is poisonous if ingested. Ethylene glycol is the most important glycol commercially available and is manufactured on a large scale in the United States. It is used as an antifreeze and coolant, in hydraulic fluids, and in the manufacture of low-freezing dynamites and resins.. ethanediol : Any diol that is ethane or substituted ethane carrying two hydroxy groups.. ethylene glycol : A 1,2-glycol compound produced via reaction of ethylene oxide with water.		3.8330ethanediol;
glycol		metabolite;
mouse metabolite;
solvent;
toxin
acetic acid
Acetic Acid: Product of the oxidation of ethanol and of the destructive distillation of wood. It is used locally, occasionally internally, as a counterirritant and also as a reagent. (Stedman, 26th ed). acetic acid : A simple monocarboxylic acid containing two carbons.		2.4520monocarboxylic acidantimicrobial food preservative;
Daphnia magna metabolite;
food acidity regulator;
protic solvent
acetamide
acetimidic acid : A carboximidic acid that is acetic acid in which the carbonyl oxygen is replaced by an imino group.		2.4520acetamides;
carboximidic acid;
monocarboxylic acid amide;
N-acylammonia
adenine
[no description available]		2.96406-aminopurines;
purine nucleobase		Daphnia magna metabolite;
Escherichia coli metabolite;
human metabolite;
mouse metabolite;
Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite
agmatine
Agmatine: Decarboxylated arginine, isolated from several plant and animal sources, e.g., pollen, ergot, herring sperm, octopus muscle.		2.0410guanidines;
primary amino compound		Escherichia coli metabolite;
mouse metabolite
allantoin
[no description available]		2.0510imidazolidine-2,4-dione;
ureas		Escherichia coli metabolite;
human metabolite;
Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite;
vulnerary
quinacrine
Quinacrine: An acridine derivative formerly widely used as an antimalarial but superseded by chloroquine in recent years. It has also been used as an anthelmintic and in the treatment of giardiasis and malignant effusions. It is used in cell biological experiments as an inhibitor of phospholipase A2.. quinacrine : A member of the class of acridines that is acridine substituted by a chloro group at position 6, a methoxy group at position 2 and a [5-(diethylamino)pentan-2-yl]nitrilo group at position 9.		3.360acridines;
aromatic ether;
organochlorine compound;
tertiary amino compound		antimalarial;
EC 1.8.1.12 (trypanothione-disulfide reductase) inhibitor
betaine
glycine betaine : The amino acid betaine derived from glycine.		4.5770amino-acid betaine;
glycine derivative		fundamental metabolite
carbamates
[no description available]		2.7230amino-acid anion
aminooxyacetic acid
Aminooxyacetic Acid: A compound that inhibits aminobutyrate aminotransferase activity in vivo, thereby raising the level of gamma-aminobutyric acid in tissues.. (aminooxy)acetic acid : A member of the class of hydroxylamines that is acetic acid substituted at postion 2 by an aminooxy group. It is a compound which inhibits aminobutyrate aminotransferase activity in vivo, resulting in increased levels of gamma-aminobutyric acid in tissues.		2.0510amino acid;
hydroxylamines;
monocarboxylic acid		anticonvulsant;
EC 2.6.1.19 (4-aminobutyrate--2-oxoglutarate transaminase) inhibitor;
EC 4.2.1.22 (cystathionine beta-synthase) inhibitor;
nootropic agent
carnitine
[no description available]		2.9740amino-acid betainehuman metabolite;
mouse metabolite
catechol
[no description available]		2.4420catecholsallelochemical;
genotoxin;
plant metabolite
chlordecone
[no description available]		2.4220cyclic ketone;
organochlorine compound		insecticide;
persistent organic pollutant
choline
[no description available]		2.4820cholinesallergen;
Daphnia magna metabolite;
Escherichia coli metabolite;
human metabolite;
mouse metabolite;
neurotransmitter;
nutrient;
plant metabolite;
Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite
citric acid, anhydrous
Citric Acid: A key intermediate in metabolism. It is an acid compound found in citrus fruits. The salts of citric acid (citrates) can be used as anticoagulants due to their calcium chelating ability.. citric acid : A tricarboxylic acid that is propane-1,2,3-tricarboxylic acid bearing a hydroxy substituent at position 2. It is an important metabolite in the pathway of all aerobic organisms.		2.0510tricarboxylic acidantimicrobial agent;
chelator;
food acidity regulator;
fundamental metabolite
chlorine
chloride : A halide anion formed when chlorine picks up an electron to form an an anion.		2.4920halide anion;
monoatomic chlorine		cofactor;
Escherichia coli metabolite;
human metabolite
hydrochloric acid
Hydrochloric Acid: A strong corrosive acid that is commonly used as a laboratory reagent. It is formed by dissolving hydrogen chloride in water. GASTRIC ACID is the hydrochloric acid component of GASTRIC JUICE.. hydrogen chloride : A mononuclear parent hydride consisting of covalently bonded hydrogen and chlorine atoms.		2.1110chlorine molecular entity;
gas molecular entity;
hydrogen halide;
mononuclear parent hydride		mouse metabolite
coumarin
2H-chromen-2-one: coumarin derivative		7.9540coumarinsfluorescent dye;
human metabolite;
plant metabolite
salicylic acid
Scalp: The outer covering of the calvaria. It is composed of several layers: SKIN; subcutaneous connective tissue; the occipitofrontal muscle which includes the tendinous galea aponeurotica; loose connective tissue; and the pericranium (the PERIOSTEUM of the SKULL).		2.7330monohydroxybenzoic acidalgal metabolite;
antifungal agent;
antiinfective agent;
EC 1.11.1.11 (L-ascorbate peroxidase) inhibitor;
keratolytic drug;
plant hormone;
plant metabolite
4-aminophenol
4-aminophenol: RN given refers to parent cpd. 4-aminophenol : An amino phenol (one of the three possible isomers) which has the single amino substituent located para to the phenolic -OH group.		2.0510aminophenolallergen;
metabolite
bupropion
Bupropion: A propiophenone-derived antidepressant and antismoking agent that inhibits the uptake of DOPAMINE.. bupropion : An aromatic ketone that is propiophenone carrying a tert-butylamino group at position 2 and a chloro substituent at position 3 on the phenyl ring.		4.95110aromatic ketone;
monochlorobenzenes;
secondary amino compound		antidepressant;
environmental contaminant;
xenobiotic
guaiacol
Guaiacol: An agent thought to have disinfectant properties and used as an expectorant. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p747). methylcatechol : Any member of the class of catechols carrying one or more methyl substituents.. guaiacol : A monomethoxybenzene that consists of phenol with a methoxy substituent at the ortho position.		2.0710guaiacolsdisinfectant;
EC 1.1.1.25 (shikimate dehydrogenase) inhibitor;
expectorant;
plant metabolite
taxifolin
[no description available]		2.44203'-hydroxyflavanones;
4'-hydroxyflavanones;
dihydroflavonols;
pentahydroxyflavanone;
secondary alpha-hydroxy ketone
phosphonoacetic acid
Phosphonoacetic Acid: A simple organophosphorus compound that inhibits DNA polymerase, especially in viruses and is used as an antiviral agent.. phosphonoacetic acid : A member of the class of phosphonic acids that is phosphonic acid in which the hydrogen attached to the phosphorous is replaced by a carboxymethyl group.		2.4420monocarboxylic acid;
phosphonic acids		antiviral agent;
EC 2.7.7.7 (DNA-directed DNA polymerase) inhibitor
3,4-dihydroxyphenylacetic acid
3,4-Dihydroxyphenylacetic Acid: A deaminated metabolite of LEVODOPA.. (3,4-dihydroxyphenyl)acetic acid : A dihydroxyphenylacetic acid having the two hydroxy substituents located at the 3- and 4-positions. It is a metabolite of dopamine.. dihydroxyphenylacetic acid : A dihydroxy monocarboxylic acid consisting of phenylacetic acid having two phenolic hydroxy substituents.		2.4420catechols;
dihydroxyphenylacetic acid		human metabolite
aminocaproic acid
Aminocaproic Acid: An antifibrinolytic agent that acts by inhibiting plasminogen activators which have fibrinolytic properties.. 6-aminohexanoic acid : An epsilon-amino acid comprising hexanoic acid carrying an amino substituent at position C-6. Used to control postoperative bleeding, and to treat overdose effects of the thrombolytic agents streptokinase and tissue plasminogen activator.		4.6580amino acid zwitterion;
epsilon-amino acid;
omega-amino fatty acid		antifibrinolytic drug;
hematologic agent;
metabolite
creatine
[no description available]		2.0510glycine derivative;
guanidines;
zwitterion		geroprotector;
human metabolite;
mouse metabolite;
neuroprotective agent;
nutraceutical
lactic acid
Lactic Acid: A normal intermediate in the fermentation (oxidation, metabolism) of sugar. The concentrated form is used internally to prevent gastrointestinal fermentation. (From Stedman, 26th ed). 2-hydroxypropanoic acid : A 2-hydroxy monocarboxylic acid that is propanoic acid in which one of the alpha-hydrogens is replaced by a hydroxy group.		2.74302-hydroxy monocarboxylic acidalgal metabolite;
Daphnia magna metabolite
diacetyl
butane-2,3-dione : An alpha-diketone that is butane substituted by oxo groups at positions 2 and 3. It is a metabolite produced during the malolactic fermentation.		2.0310alpha-diketoneEscherichia coli metabolite;
Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite
5,6-dimethylbenzimidazole
5,6-dimethylbenzimidazole: RN given refers to parent cpd. 5,6-dimethylbenzimidazole : A dimethylbenzimidazole carrying methyl substituents at positions 5 and 6.		2.0410dimethylbenzimidazoleEscherichia coli metabolite;
human metabolite
dimethyl sulfoxide
Dimethyl Sulfoxide: A highly polar organic liquid, that is used widely as a chemical solvent. Because of its ability to penetrate biological membranes, it is used as a vehicle for topical application of pharmaceuticals. It is also used to protect tissue during CRYOPRESERVATION. Dimethyl sulfoxide shows a range of pharmacological activity including analgesia and anti-inflammation.. dimethyl sulfoxide : A 2-carbon sulfoxide in which the sulfur atom has two methyl substituents.		2.4420sulfoxide;
volatile organic compound		alkylating agent;
antidote;
Escherichia coli metabolite;
geroprotector;
MRI contrast agent;
non-narcotic analgesic;
polar aprotic solvent;
radical scavenger
ethanolamine
[no description available]		2.0610ethanolamines;
primary alcohol;
primary amine		Escherichia coli metabolite;
human metabolite;
mouse metabolite
formaldehyde
paraform: polymerized formaldehyde; RN given refers to parent cpd; used in root canal therapy		4.2350aldehyde;
one-carbon compound		allergen;
carcinogenic agent;
disinfectant;
EC 3.5.1.4 (amidase) inhibitor;
environmental contaminant;
Escherichia coli metabolite;
mouse metabolite;
Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite
hexachlorocyclohexane
Lindane: An organochlorine insecticide made up of greater than 99% gamma-Hexachlorocyclohexane. It has been used as a pediculicide and scabicide, and shown to cause cancer.. beta-hexachlorocyclohexane : The beta-isomer of hexachlorocyclohexane.		2.7430chlorocyclohexane
glycine
[no description available]		2.4720alpha-amino acid;
amino acid zwitterion;
proteinogenic amino acid;
serine family amino acid		EC 2.1.2.1 (glycine hydroxymethyltransferase) inhibitor;
fundamental metabolite;
hepatoprotective agent;
micronutrient;
neurotransmitter;
NMDA receptor agonist;
nutraceutical
glycerol
Moon: The natural satellite of the planet Earth. It includes the lunar cycles or phases, the lunar month, lunar landscapes, geography, and soil.		7.520alditol;
triol		algal metabolite;
detergent;
Escherichia coli metabolite;
geroprotector;
human metabolite;
mouse metabolite;
osmolyte;
Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite;
solvent
hydrogen carbonate
Bicarbonates: Inorganic salts that contain the -HCO3 radical. They are an important factor in determining the pH of the blood and the concentration of bicarbonate ions is regulated by the kidney. Levels in the blood are an index of the alkali reserve or buffering capacity.. hydrogencarbonate : The carbon oxoanion resulting from the removal of a proton from carbonic acid.		2.1310carbon oxoanioncofactor;
Escherichia coli metabolite;
human metabolite;
mouse metabolite;
Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite
histamine
[no description available]		2.7230aralkylamino compound;
imidazoles		human metabolite;
mouse metabolite;
neurotransmitter
hydroquinone
[no description available]		9.3641benzenediol;
hydroquinones		antioxidant;
carcinogenic agent;
cofactor;
Escherichia coli metabolite;
human xenobiotic metabolite;
mouse metabolite;
skin lightening agent
methanol
Methanol: A colorless, flammable liquid used in the manufacture of FORMALDEHYDE and ACETIC ACID, in chemical synthesis, antifreeze, and as a solvent. Ingestion of methanol is toxic and may cause blindness.. primary alcohol : A primary alcohol is a compound in which a hydroxy group, -OH, is attached to a saturated carbon atom which has either three hydrogen atoms attached to it or only one other carbon atom and two hydrogen atoms attached to it.. methanol : The primary alcohol that is the simplest aliphatic alcohol, comprising a methyl and an alcohol group.		7.4620alkyl alcohol;
one-carbon compound;
primary alcohol;
volatile organic compound		amphiprotic solvent;
Escherichia coli metabolite;
fuel;
human metabolite;
mouse metabolite;
Mycoplasma genitalium metabolite
inositol
Inositol: An isomer of glucose that has traditionally been considered to be a B vitamin although it has an uncertain status as a vitamin and a deficiency syndrome has not been identified in man. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p1379) Inositol phospholipids are important in signal transduction.. inositol : Any cyclohexane-1,2,3,4,5,6-hexol.. 1D-chiro-inositol : Belonging to the inositol family of compounds, D-chiro-inositol (DCI) is an isomer of glucose. It is an important secondary messenger in insulin signal transduction.. muco-inositol : An inositol that is cyclohexane-1,2,3,4,5,6-hexol having a (1R,2R,3r,4R,5S,6r)-configuration.		2.7530cyclitol;
hexol
melatonin
[no description available]		3.1750acetamides;
tryptamines		anticonvulsant;
central nervous system depressant;
geroprotector;
hormone;
human metabolite;
immunological adjuvant;
mouse metabolite;
radical scavenger
n-acetylserotonin
N-acetylserotonin : An N-acylserotonin resulting from the formal condensation of the primary amino group of serotonin with the carboxy group of acetic acid.		2.0310acetamides;
N-acylserotonin;
phenols		antioxidant;
human metabolite;
mouse metabolite;
tropomyosin-related kinase B receptor agonist
acetanilide
acetanilide: a phenylacetamide; use ACETANILIDES for the plural group meaning of the singular term. N-phenylacetamide : A member of the class of acetamides that is acetamide in which one of the hydrogens attached to the nitrogen is substituted by a phenyl group.		2.5220acetamides;
anilide		analgesic
niacinamide
nicotinamide : A pyridinecarboxamide that is pyridine in which the hydrogen at position 3 is replaced by a carboxamide group.		2.0510pyridine alkaloid;
pyridinecarboxamide;
vitamin B3		anti-inflammatory agent;
antioxidant;
cofactor;
EC 2.4.2.30 (NAD(+) ADP-ribosyltransferase) inhibitor;
EC 3.5.1.98 (histone deacetylase) inhibitor;
Escherichia coli metabolite;
geroprotector;
human urinary metabolite;
metabolite;
mouse metabolite;
neuroprotective agent;
Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite;
Sir2 inhibitor
niacin
Niacin: A water-soluble vitamin of the B complex occurring in various animal and plant tissues. It is required by the body for the formation of coenzymes NAD and NADP. It has PELLAGRA-curative, vasodilating, and antilipemic properties.. vitamin B3 : Any member of a group of vitamers that belong to the chemical structural class called pyridines that exhibit biological activity against vitamin B3 deficiency. Vitamin B3 deficiency causes a condition known as pellagra whose symptoms include depression, dermatitis and diarrhea. The vitamers include nicotinic acid and nicotinamide (and their ionized and salt forms).. nicotinic acid : A pyridinemonocarboxylic acid that is pyridine in which the hydrogen at position 3 is replaced by a carboxy group.		4.5670pyridine alkaloid;
pyridinemonocarboxylic acid;
vitamin B3		antidote;
antilipemic drug;
EC 3.5.1.19 (nicotinamidase) inhibitor;
Escherichia coli metabolite;
human urinary metabolite;
metabolite;
mouse metabolite;
plant metabolite;
vasodilator agent
nitrates
Nitrates: Inorganic or organic salts and esters of nitric acid. These compounds contain the NO3- radical.		2.0110monovalent inorganic anion;
nitrogen oxoanion;
reactive nitrogen species
nitrites
Nitrites: Salts of nitrous acid or compounds containing the group NO2-. The inorganic nitrites of the type MNO2 (where M=metal) are all insoluble, except the alkali nitrites. The organic nitrites may be isomeric, but not identical with the corresponding nitro compounds. (Grant & Hackh's Chemical Dictionary, 5th ed)		2.4120monovalent inorganic anion;
nitrogen oxoanion;
reactive nitrogen species		human metabolite
orotic acid
Orotic Acid: An intermediate product in PYRIMIDINE synthesis which plays a role in chemical conversions between DIHYDROFOLATE and TETRAHYDROFOLATE.. orotic acid : A pyrimidinemonocarboxylic acid that is uracil bearing a carboxy substituent at position C-6.		2.0510pyrimidinemonocarboxylic acidEscherichia coli metabolite;
metabolite;
mouse metabolite
4-aminobenzoic acid
4-Aminobenzoic Acid: An aminobenzoic acid isomer that combines with pteridine and GLUTAMIC ACID to form FOLIC ACID. The fact that 4-aminobenzoic acid absorbs light throughout the UVB range has also resulted in its use as an ingredient in SUNSCREENS.. 4-ammoniobenzoate : A zwitterion obtained by transfer of a proton from the carboxy to the amino group of 4-aminobenzoic acid.. 4-aminobenzoic acid : An aminobenzoic acid in which the amino group is para to the carboxy group.		2.0510aminobenzoic acid;
aromatic amino-acid zwitterion		allergen;
Escherichia coli metabolite;
plant metabolite
4-nitrophenol
4-nitrophenol: RN given refers to parent cpd. mononitrophenol : A nitrophenol that is phenol carrying a single nitro substituent at unspecified position.. 4-nitrophenol : A member of the class of 4-nitrophenols that is phenol in which the hydrogen that is para to the hydroxy group has been replaced by a nitro group.		7.17104-nitrophenolshuman xenobiotic metabolite;
mouse metabolite
triphosphoric acid
triphosphoric acid: used as water softener, peptizing agent, emulsifier & dispersing agent; ingredient of cleansers; meat preservative; RN given refers to parent cpd; structure		2.4920acyclic phosphorus acid anhydride;
phosphorus oxoacid
parathion
[no description available]		2.0410C-nitro compound;
organic thiophosphate;
organothiophosphate insecticide		acaricide;
agrochemical;
avicide;
EC 3.1.1.7 (acetylcholinesterase) inhibitor;
EC 3.1.1.8 (cholinesterase) inhibitor;
mouse metabolite
pentachlorophenol
PENTA: structure given in first source		2.4420aromatic fungicide;
chlorophenol;
organochlorine pesticide;
pentachlorobenzenes		human xenobiotic metabolite
phenol
[no description available]		2.4420phenolsantiseptic drug;
disinfectant;
human xenobiotic metabolite;
mouse metabolite
phenylacetic acid
phenylacetic acid : A monocarboxylic acid that is toluene in which one of the hydrogens of the methyl group has been replaced by a carboxy group.		2.0510benzenes;
monocarboxylic acid;
phenylacetic acids		allergen;
Aspergillus metabolite;
auxin;
EC 6.4.1.1 (pyruvate carboxylase) inhibitor;
Escherichia coli metabolite;
human metabolite;
plant growth retardant;
plant metabolite;
Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite;
toxin
phthalic acid
phthalic acid: RN given refers to parent cpd; structure in Merck Index, 9th ed, #7178. phthalic acid : A benzenedicarboxylic acid cosisting of two carboxy groups at ortho positions.		2.0110benzenedicarboxylic acidhuman xenobiotic metabolite
putrescine
[no description available]		2.3820alkane-alpha,omega-diamineantioxidant;
fundamental metabolite
pyrazinamide
pyrazinecarboxamide : A monocarboxylic acid amide resulting from the formal condensation of the carboxy group of pyrazinoic acid (pyrazine-2-carboxylic acid) with ammonia. A prodrug for pyrazinoic acid, pyrazinecarboxamide is used as part of multidrug regimens for the treatment of tuberculosis.		4.87100monocarboxylic acid amide;
N-acylammonia;
pyrazines		antitubercular agent;
prodrug
pyridine
azine : An organonitrogen compound of general structure RCH=N-N=CHR or RR'C=N-N=CRR'.		2.0410azaarene;
mancude organic heteromonocyclic parent;
monocyclic heteroarene;
pyridines		environmental contaminant;
NMR chemical shift reference compound
pyridoxal phosphate
Pyridoxal Phosphate: This is the active form of VITAMIN B 6 serving as a coenzyme for synthesis of amino acids, neurotransmitters (serotonin, norepinephrine), sphingolipids, aminolevulinic acid. During transamination of amino acids, pyridoxal phosphate is transiently converted into pyridoxamine phosphate (PYRIDOXAMINE).. pyridoxal 5'-phosphate : The monophosphate ester obtained by condensation of phosphoric acid with the primary hydroxy group of pyridoxal.		2.0510methylpyridines;
monohydroxypyridine;
pyridinecarbaldehyde;
vitamin B6 phosphate		coenzyme;
cofactor;
EC 2.7.7.7 (DNA-directed DNA polymerase) inhibitor;
Escherichia coli metabolite;
human metabolite;
mouse metabolite;
Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite
pyridoxine
4,5-bis(hydroxymethyl)-2-methylpyridin-3-ol: structure in first source. vitamin B6 : Any member of the group of pyridines that exhibit biological activity against vitamin B6 deficiency. Vitamin B6 deficiency is associated with microcytic anemia, electroencephalographic abnormalities, dermatitis with cheilosis (scaling on the lips and cracks at the corners of the mouth) and glossitis (swollen tongue), depression and confusion, and weakened immune function. Vitamin B6 consists of the vitamers pyridoxine, pyridoxal, and pyridoxamine and their respective 5'-phosphate esters (and includes their corresponding ionized and salt forms).		4.4260hydroxymethylpyridine;
methylpyridines;
monohydroxypyridine;
vitamin B6		cofactor;
Escherichia coli metabolite;
human metabolite;
mouse metabolite;
Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite
quinolinic acid
Quinolinic Acid: A metabolite of tryptophan with a possible role in neurodegenerative disorders. Elevated CSF levels of quinolinic acid are correlated with the severity of neuropsychological deficits in patients who have AIDS.. pyridinedicarboxylic acid : Any member of the class of pyridines carrying two carboxy groups.. quinolinic acid : A pyridinedicarboxylic acid that is pyridine substituted by carboxy groups at positions 2 and 3. It is a metabolite of tryptophan.		2.0310pyridinedicarboxylic acidEscherichia coli metabolite;
human metabolite;
mouse metabolite;
NMDA receptor agonist
sulfites
Sulfites: Inorganic salts of sulfurous acid.. sulfites : Any sulfurous acid derivative that is a salt or an ester of sulfurous acid.. organosulfonate oxoanion : An organic anion obtained by deprotonation of the sufonate group(s) of any organosulfonic acid.. sulfite : A sulfur oxoanion that is the conjugate base of hydrogen sulfite (H2SO3).		2.1110divalent inorganic anion;
sulfur oxide;
sulfur oxoanion
spermidine
[no description available]		2.3820polyazaalkane;
triamine		autophagy inducer;
fundamental metabolite;
geroprotector
spermine
[no description available]		1.9810polyazaalkane;
tetramine		antioxidant;
fundamental metabolite;
immunosuppressive agent
taurine
[no description available]		2.0310amino sulfonic acid;
zwitterion		antioxidant;
Escherichia coli metabolite;
glycine receptor agonist;
human metabolite;
mouse metabolite;
nutrient;
radical scavenger;
Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite
thiamine
thiamine(1+) : A primary alcohol that is 1,3-thiazol-3-ium substituted by (4-amino-2-methylpyrimidin-5-yl)methyl, methyl and 2-hydroxyethyl groups at positions 3, 4 and 5, respectively.		4.0840primary alcohol;
vitamin B1		Escherichia coli metabolite;
human metabolite;
mouse metabolite;
Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite
thymine
[no description available]		210pyrimidine nucleobase;
pyrimidone		Escherichia coli metabolite;
human metabolite;
mouse metabolite
uracil
2,4-dihydroxypyrimidine: a urinary biomarker for bipolar disorder		5.4141pyrimidine nucleobase;
pyrimidone		allergen;
Daphnia magna metabolite;
Escherichia coli metabolite;
human metabolite;
mouse metabolite;
prodrug;
Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite
uric acid
Uric Acid: An oxidation product, via XANTHINE OXIDASE, of oxypurines such as XANTHINE and HYPOXANTHINE. It is the final oxidation product of purine catabolism in humans and primates, whereas in most other mammals URATE OXIDASE further oxidizes it to ALLANTOIN.. uric acid : An oxopurine that is the final oxidation product of purine metabolism.. 6-hydroxy-1H-purine-2,8(7H,9H)-dione : A tautomer of uric acid having oxo groups at C-2 and C-8 and a hydroxy group at C-6.. 7,9-dihydro-1H-purine-2,6,8(3H)-trione : An oxopurine in which the purine ring is substituted by oxo groups at positions 2, 6, and 8.		2.5820uric acidEscherichia coli metabolite;
human metabolite;
mouse metabolite
urea
pseudourea: clinical use; structure. isourea : A carboximidic acid that is the imidic acid tautomer of urea, H2NC(=NH)OH, and its hydrocarbyl derivatives.		2.0510isourea;
monocarboxylic acid amide;
one-carbon compound		Daphnia magna metabolite;
Escherichia coli metabolite;
fertilizer;
flour treatment agent;
human metabolite;
mouse metabolite;
Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite
catechin
[no description available]		2.0510hydroxyflavan
2-amino-5-phosphonovalerate
2-Amino-5-phosphonovalerate: The D-enantiomer is a potent and specific antagonist of NMDA glutamate receptors (RECEPTORS, N-METHYL-D-ASPARTATE). The L form is inactive at NMDA receptors but may affect the AP4 (2-amino-4-phosphonobutyrate; APB) excitatory amino acid receptors.		2.0310non-proteinogenic alpha-amino acidNMDA receptor antagonist
alpha-methyl-4-carboxyphenylglycine
[no description available]		2.0310
3-(2-carboxypiperazin-4-yl)propyl-1-phosphonic acid
3-(2-carboxypiperazin-4-yl)propyl-1-phosphonic acid: structure given in first source; NMDA receptor antagonist		2.0310
1-hydroxy-3-amino-2-pyrrolidone
1-hydroxy-3-amino-2-pyrrolidone: a CNS depressant; structure in first source		2.0310
ibotenic acid
Ibotenic Acid: A neurotoxic isoxazole (similar to KAINIC ACID and MUSCIMOL) found in AMANITA mushrooms. It causes motor depression, ataxia, and changes in mood, perceptions and feelings, and is a potent excitatory amino acid agonist.		2.0310non-proteinogenic alpha-amino acidneurotoxin
normetanephrine
Normetanephrine: A methylated metabolite of norepinephrine that is excreted in the urine and found in certain tissues. It is a marker for tumors.		2.0410catecholamine
n(8)-bromoacetyl-n(1)-3'-(4-indolyloxy)-2'-hydroxypropyl-1,8-diamino-4-menthane
N(8)-bromoacetyl-N(1)-3'-(4-indolyloxy)-2'-hydroxypropyl-1,8-diamino-4-menthane: structure given in first source		2.0310
sk&f-38393
2,3,4,5-Tetrahydro-7,8-dihydroxy-1-phenyl-1H-3-benzazepine: A selective D1 dopamine receptor agonist used primarily as a research tool.. 1-phenyl-2,3,4,5-tetrahydro-1H-3-benzazepine-7,8-diol : A benzazepine that is 2,3,4,5-tetrahydro-3-benzazepine bearing a phenyl substituent at position 1 and two hydroxy substituents at positions 7 and 8.. SKF 38393 : A racemate comprising equimolar amounts of (R)- and (S)-SKF 38393		2.4420benzazepine;
catechols;
secondary amino compound
vanilmandelic acid
Vanilmandelic Acid: A 3-O-methyl ether of 3,4-dihydroxymandelic acid. It is an end-stage metabolite of CATECHOLAMINES; EPINEPHRINE; and NOREPINEPHRINE.. vanillylmandelic acid : An aromatic ether that is the 3-O-methyl ether of 3,4-dihydroxymandelic acid.		2.03102-hydroxy monocarboxylic acid;
aromatic ether;
phenols		human metabolite
menthol
Menthol: A monoterpene cyclohexanol produced from mint oils.		2.0510p-menthane monoterpenoid;
secondary alcohol		volatile oil component
1,10-diaminodecane
[no description available]		2.4420
1,3-diethyl-8-phenylxanthine
1,3-diethyl-8-phenylxanthine: structure given in first source		2.0310
1,3-dipropyl-8-cyclopentylxanthine
DPCPX : An oxopurine that is 7H-xanthine substituted at positions 1 and 3 by propyl groups and at position 8 by a cyclohexyl group.		2.4420oxopurineadenosine A1 receptor antagonist;
EC 3.1.4.* (phosphoric diester hydrolase) inhibitor
1,3-dipropyl-8-(4-sulfophenyl)xanthine
1,3-dipropyl-8-(4-sulfophenyl)xanthine: adenosine receptor antagonist		2.0310
1,5-dihydroxyisoquinoline
1,5-dihydroxyisoquinoline: structure in first source. isoquinoline-1,5-diol : An isoquinolinol that is isoquinoline in which the hydrogens at positions 1 and 5 are replaced by hydroxy groups.		2.0310isoquinolinolEC 2.4.2.30 (NAD(+) ADP-ribosyltransferase) inhibitor
pk 11195
PK-11195 : A monocarboxylic acid amide obtained by formal condensation of the carboxy group of 1-(2-chlorophenyl)isoquinoline-3-carboxylic acid with the amino group of sec-butylmethylamine		2.4420aromatic amide;
isoquinolines;
monocarboxylic acid amide;
monochlorobenzenes		antineoplastic agent
1-(3-chlorophenyl)piperazine
1-(3-chlorophenyl)piperazine: supposed metabolite of TRAZODONE; RN given refers to parent cpd; structure. 1-(3-chlorophenyl)piperazine : A N-arylpiperazine that is piperazine carrying a 3-chlorophenyl substituent at position 1. It is a metabolite of the antidepressant drug trazodone.		2.0810monochlorobenzenes;
N-arylpiperazine		drug metabolite;
environmental contaminant;
serotonergic agonist;
xenobiotic
1-(2-trifluoromethylphenyl)imidazole
1-(2-trifluoromethylphenyl)imidazole: an inhibitor of neuronal nitric oxide synthase in mouse		2.0310imidazoles
1-aminobenzotriazole
[no description available]		2.4420
1-anilino-8-naphthalenesulfonate
1-anilino-8-naphthalenesulfonate: RN given refers to parent cpd. 8-anilinonaphthalene-1-sulfonic acid : A naphthalenesulfonic acid that is naphthalene-1-sulfonic acid substituted by a phenylamino group at position 8.		1.9510aminonaphthalene;
naphthalenesulfonic acid		fluorescent probe
1-methylimidazole
1-methyl-1H-imidazole : A 1H-imidazole having a methyl substituent at the N-1 position.		2.0310imidazoles
edelfosine
edelfosine: RN given refers to parent cpd. edelfosine : A racemate comprising equimolar amounts of (R)- and (S)-edelfosine.. 1-octadecyl-2-methylglycero-3-phosphocholine : A glycerophosphocholine that is glycero-3-phosphocholine substituted at positions 1 and 2 by octadecyl and methyl groups respectively.		2.0310glycerophosphocholine
1h-(1,2,4)oxadiazolo(4,3-a)quinoxalin-1-one
1H-(1,2,4)oxadiazolo(4,3-a)quinoxalin-1-one: structure given in first source; inhibits guanylyl cyclase. 1H-[1,2,4]oxadiazolo[4,3-a]quinoxalin-1-one : A member of the class of oxadiazoloquinoxalines that is 1H-[1,2,4]oxadiazolo[4,3-a]quinoxaline substituted at position 1 by an oxo group.		2.7430oxadiazoloquinoxalineEC 4.6.1.2 (guanylate cyclase) inhibitor
hoe 33342
BXI-72: structure in first source		2.4620bibenzimidazole;
N-methylpiperazine		fluorochrome
2,2'-dipyridyl
2,2'-Dipyridyl: A reagent used for the determination of iron.. 2,2'-bipyridine : A bipyridine in which the two pyridine moieties are linked by a bond between positions C-2 and C-2'.		2.4420bipyridinechelator;
ferroptosis inhibitor
2,4-dinitrophenol
2,4-Dinitrophenol: A toxic dye, chemically related to trinitrophenol (picric acid), used in biochemical studies of oxidative processes where it uncouples oxidative phosphorylation. It is also used as a metabolic stimulant. (Stedman, 26th ed). dinitrophenol : Members of the class of nitrophenol carrying two nitro substituents.. 2,4-dinitrophenol : A dinitrophenol having the nitro groups at the 2- and 4-positions.		2.4620dinitrophenolallergen;
antiseptic drug;
bacterial xenobiotic metabolite;
geroprotector;
oxidative phosphorylation inhibitor
2-hydroxysaclofen
2-hydroxysaclofen: structure given in first source		2.0310organochlorine compound
3,4-dichloroisocoumarin
3,4-dichloroisocoumarin : A member of the class of isocoumarins that is isocoumarin substituted by chloro groups at positions 3 and 4. It is a serine protease inhibitor.		2.4420isocoumarins;
organochlorine compound		geroprotector;
serine protease inhibitor
amitrole
Amitrole: A non-selective post-emergence, translocated herbicide. According to the Seventh Annual Report on Carcinogens (PB95-109781, 1994) this substance may reasonably be anticipated to be a carcinogen. (From Merck Index, 12th ed) It is an irreversible inhibitor of CATALASE, and thus impairs activity of peroxisomes.. amitrole : A member of the class of triazoles that is 1H-1,2,4-triazole substituted by an amino group at position 3. Used to control annual grasses and aquatic weeds (but not on food crops because it causes cancer in laboratory animals). Its use within the EU was banned from September 2017 on the grounds of potential groundwater contamination and risks to aquatic life; there have also been concerns about its endocrine-disrupting properties.		2.0410aromatic amine;
triazoles		carotenoid biosynthesis inhibitor;
EC 1.11.1.6 (catalase) inhibitor;
herbicide
phaclofen
phaclofen: peripheral & central baclofen & GABA antagonist; structure given in first source		2.0310organophosphate oxoanion;
zwitterion
3-aminobenzamide
[no description available]		2.0310benzamides;
substituted aniline		EC 2.4.2.30 (NAD(+) ADP-ribosyltransferase) inhibitor
3-bromo-7-nitroindazole
[no description available]		2.0310
3-methylcholanthrene
Methylcholanthrene: A carcinogen that is often used in experimental cancer studies.. 3-methylcholanthrene : A pentacyclic ortho- and peri-fused polycyclic arene consisting of a dihydrocyclopenta[ij]tetraphene ring system with a methyl substituent at the 3-position.		2.7430ortho- and peri-fused polycyclic arenearyl hydrocarbon receptor agonist;
carcinogenic agent
enprofylline
enprofylline : Xanthine bearing a propyl substituent at position 3. A bronchodilator, it is used for the symptomatic treatment of asthma and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, and in the management of cerebrovascular insufficiency, sickle cell disease, and diabetic neuropathy.		2.4620oxopurineanti-arrhythmia drug;
anti-asthmatic drug;
bronchodilator agent;
non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug
3-nitropropionic acid
3-nitropropionic acid: succinate dehydrogenase inactivator; biosynthesized by FABACEAE plants from ASPARAGINE. 3-nitropropanoic acid : A C-nitro compound that is propanoic acid in which one of the methyl hydrogens has been replaced by a nitro group.		2.0310C-nitro compoundantimycobacterial drug;
EC 1.3.5.1 [succinate dehydrogenase (quinone)] inhibitor;
mycotoxin;
neurotoxin
ro 5-4864
4'-chlorodiazepam: selectively binds peripheral benzodiazepine receptor		1.9810
cgp 52411
4,5-dianilinophthalimide: structure given in first source. 4,5-dianilinophthalimide : Phthalimide substituted at the 4- and 5-positions by anilino groups.		2.0510phthalimidesgeroprotector;
tyrosine kinase inhibitor
4-amino-1,8-naphthalimide
4-amino-1,8-naphthalimide: inhibits ADP-ribosylation; sometimes abreviated as 4-AN;		2.4420benzoisoquinoline;
dicarboximide
4-aminopyridine
[no description available]		2.4520aminopyridine;
aromatic amine		avicide;
orphan drug;
potassium channel blocker
homovanillic acid
Homovanillic Acid: A 3-O-methyl ETHER of (3,4-dihydroxyphenyl)acetic acid.. homovanillate : A hydroxy monocarboxylic acid anion which is obtained by deprotonation of the carboxy group of homovanillic acid.. homovanillic acid : A monocarboxylic acid that is the 3-O-methyl ether of (3,4-dihydroxyphenyl)acetic acid. It is a catecholamine metabolite.		2.4420guaiacols;
monocarboxylic acid		human metabolite;
mouse metabolite
4-hydroxybenzoic acid hydrazide
4-hydroxybenzoic acid hydrazide: metabolite of nifuroxazide. 4-hydroxybenzohydrazide : A carbohydrazide obtained by formal condensation of the carboxy group of 4-hydroxybenzoic acid with hydrazine.		2.0310carbohydrazide;
phenols
4-nonylphenol
4-nonylphenol: structure in first source; see also record for nonylphenol. 4-nonylphenol : A member of the class of phenols that is phenol which is para-substituted with a nonyl group.		1.9910phenolsenvironmental contaminant
4-phenyl-3-furoxancarbonitrile
4-phenyl-3-furoxancarbonitrile: structure given in first source. 4-phenyl-3-furoxancarbonitrile : A 1,2,5-oxadiazole substituted by an oxido, cyano and phenyl groups at positions 2, 3 and 4, respectively. It is a vasodilator and inhibitor of platelet aggregation.		2.44201,2,5-oxadiazole;
benzenes;
N-oxide;
nitrile		geroprotector;
nitric oxide donor;
platelet aggregation inhibitor;
soluble guanylate cyclase activator;
vasodilator agent
5,5-dimethyl-1-pyrroline-1-oxide
5,5-dimethyl-1-pyrroline-1-oxide: do not confuse with DMPO (4',5'-dihydroxy-7-methoxy-4-phenyl-5,2'-oxidocoumarin). 5,5-dimethyl-1-pyrroline N-oxide : A member of the class of 1-pyrroline nitrones (1-pyrroline N-oxides) resulting from the formal N-oxidation of 5,5-dimethyl-1-pyrroline. Used as a spin trap for the study of radicals formed by enzymatic acetaldehyde oxidation.		2.03101-pyrroline nitronesneuroprotective agent;
spin trapping reagent
phenytoin
[no description available]		5.23150imidazolidine-2,4-dioneanticonvulsant;
drug allergen;
sodium channel blocker;
teratogenic agent
5,7-dichlorokynurenic acid
5,7-dichlorokynurenic acid: potent antagonist at the N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor-associated glycine binding site		2.0310quinolines
5-(n,n-hexamethylene)amiloride
5-(N,N-hexamethylene)amiloride: inhibitor of Na+-H+ exchange; has anti-HIV-1 activity. 5-(N,N-hexamethylene)amiloride : A member of the class of pyrazines that is amiloride in which the two amino hydrogens at position N-5 are replaced by a hexamethylene moiety, resulting in the formation of an azepane ring.		2.4420aromatic amine;
azepanes;
guanidines;
monocarboxylic acid amide;
organochlorine compound;
pyrazines		antineoplastic agent;
apoptosis inducer;
odorant receptor antagonist;
sodium channel blocker
ethylisopropylamiloride
ethylisopropylamiloride: structure in first source. ethylisopropylamiloride : A member of the class of pyrazines that is amiloride in which the amino substitutent of the pyrazine ring that is adjacent to the chloro substituent has been substituted by an ethyl group and by an isopropyl group.		2.4420aromatic amine;
guanidines;
monocarboxylic acid amide;
organochlorine compound;
pyrazines;
tertiary amino compound		anti-arrhythmia drug;
neuroprotective agent;
sodium channel blocker
5-fluoroindole-2-carboxylic acid
5-fluoroindole-2-carboxylic acid: N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor antagonist		2.4420indolyl carboxylic acid
hydroxyindoleacetic acid
(5-hydroxyindol-3-yl)acetic acid : A member of the class of indole-3-acetic acids that is indole-3-acetic acid substituted by a hydroxy group at C-5.		2.4620indole-3-acetic acidsdrug metabolite;
human metabolite;
mouse metabolite
phenanthridone
phenanthridone: coal tar derivative; structure given in first source. phenanthridone : A member of the class of phenanthridines that is phenanthridine with an oxo substituent at position 6. A poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase (PARP) inhibitor, it has been shown to exhibit immunosuppressive activity.		2.4420lactam;
phenanthridines		EC 2.4.2.30 (NAD(+) ADP-ribosyltransferase) inhibitor;
immunosuppressive agent;
mutagen
6-chloromelatonin
[no description available]		2.0310acetamides
6-hydroxymelatonin
6-hydroxymelatonin : A member of the class of tryptamines that is melatonin with a hydroxy group substituent at position 6.		2.0310acetamides;
tryptamines		metabolite;
mouse metabolite
6-methoxytryptoline
6-methoxytryptoline: RN given refers to parent cpd; structure		2.0310
6-nitroso-1,2-benzopyrone
[no description available]		2.4420
7-chlorokynurenic acid
7-chlorokynurenic acid: selective antagonist at the glycine modulatory site of the N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor complex; structure given in first source. 7-chlorokynurenic acid : A quinolinemonocarboxylic acid that is quinaldic acid which is substituted by a hydroxy group at position 4 and by a chlorine at position 7. It is a potent NMDA glutamate receptor antagonist which antagonizes the strychnine-insensitive glycine site of the NMDA receptor. It also prevents neurodegeneration produced by quinolinic acid.		2.0310organochlorine compound;
quinolinemonocarboxylic acid		neuroprotective agent;
NMDA receptor antagonist
7-nitroindazole
7-nitroindazole: an inhibitor of nitric oxide synthase; exhibits anti-nociceptive activity without increasing blood pressure		2.0310
8-(4-sulfophenyl)theophylline
8-(4-sulfophenyl)theophylline: adenosine antagonist		2.4420
8-cyclopentyl-1,3-dimethylxanthine
8-cyclopentyl-1,3-dimethylxanthine: prolongs epileptic seizures in rats		2.0310oxopurine
8-phenyltheophylline
8-phenyltheophylline: purinergic P1 receptor antagonist		2.0310
oxyquinoline
Oxyquinoline: An antiseptic with mild fungistatic, bacteriostatic, anthelmintic, and amebicidal action. It is also used as a reagent and metal chelator, as a carrier for radio-indium for diagnostic purposes, and its halogenated derivatives are used in addition as topical anti-infective agents and oral antiamebics.. quinolin-8-ol : A monohydroxyquinoline that is quinoline substituted by a hydroxy group at position 8. Its fungicidal properties are used for the control of grey mould on vines and tomatoes.		2.0710monohydroxyquinolineantibacterial agent;
antifungal agrochemical;
antiseptic drug;
iron chelator
tacrine
Tacrine: A cholinesterase inhibitor that crosses the blood-brain barrier. Tacrine has been used to counter the effects of muscle relaxants, as a respiratory stimulant, and in the treatment of Alzheimer's disease and other central nervous system disorders.. tacrine : A member of the class of acridines that is 1,2,3,4-tetrahydroacridine substituted by an amino group at position 9. It is used in the treatment of Alzheimer's disease.		3.92120acridines;
aromatic amine		EC 3.1.1.7 (acetylcholinesterase) inhibitor
aa 861
2,3,5-trimethyl-6-(12-hydroxy-5,10-dodecadiynyl)-1,4-benzoquinone: structure given in first source. docebenone : A member of the class of benzoquinones that is p-benzoquinone in which the hydrogens are substituted by three methyl groups and a 12-hydroxydodeca-5,10-diyn-1-yl group.		2.05101,4-benzoquinones;
acetylenic compound;
primary alcohol		EC 1.13.11.34 (arachidonate 5-lipoxygenase) inhibitor;
ferroptosis inhibitor
acebutolol
Acebutolol: A cardioselective beta-1 adrenergic antagonist with little effect on the bronchial receptors. The drug has stabilizing and quinidine-like effects on cardiac rhythm, as well as weak inherent sympathomimetic action.. acebutolol : An ether that is the 2-acetyl-4-(butanoylamino)phenyl ether of the primary hydroxy group of 3-(propan-2-ylamino)propane-1,2-diol.		4.5370aromatic amide;
ethanolamines;
ether;
monocarboxylic acid amide;
propanolamine;
secondary amino compound		anti-arrhythmia drug;
antihypertensive agent;
beta-adrenergic antagonist;
sympathomimetic agent
acetaminophen
Acetaminophen: Analgesic antipyretic derivative of acetanilide. It has weak anti-inflammatory properties and is used as a common analgesic, but may cause liver, blood cell, and kidney damage.. paracetamol : A member of the class of phenols that is 4-aminophenol in which one of the hydrogens attached to the amino group has been replaced by an acetyl group.		10.97190acetamides;
phenols		antipyretic;
cyclooxygenase 1 inhibitor;
cyclooxygenase 2 inhibitor;
cyclooxygenase 3 inhibitor;
environmental contaminant;
ferroptosis inducer;
geroprotector;
hepatotoxic agent;
human blood serum metabolite;
non-narcotic analgesic;
non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug;
xenobiotic
acetarsol
[no description available]		2.0710acetamides;
anilide
acetazolamide
Acetazolamide: One of the CARBONIC ANHYDRASE INHIBITORS that is sometimes effective against absence seizures. It is sometimes useful also as an adjunct in the treatment of tonic-clonic, myoclonic, and atonic seizures, particularly in women whose seizures occur or are exacerbated at specific times in the menstrual cycle. However, its usefulness is transient often because of rapid development of tolerance. Its antiepileptic effect may be due to its inhibitory effect on brain carbonic anhydrase, which leads to an increased transneuronal chloride gradient, increased chloride current, and increased inhibition. (From Smith and Reynard, Textbook of Pharmacology, 1991, p337)		4.87100monocarboxylic acid amide;
sulfonamide;
thiadiazoles		anticonvulsant;
diuretic;
EC 4.2.1.1 (carbonic anhydrase) inhibitor
acetohexamide
Acetohexamide: A sulfonylurea hypoglycemic agent that is metabolized in the liver to 1-hydrohexamide.. acetohexamide : An N-sulfonylurea that is urea in which a hydrogen attached to one of the nitrogens is replaced by a p-acetylphenylsulfonyl group, while a hydrogen attached to the other nitrogen is replaced by a cyclohexyl group.		3.1450acetophenones;
N-sulfonylurea		hypoglycemic agent;
insulin secretagogue
acetohydroxamic acid
acetohydroxamic acid: urease inhibitor. oxime : Compounds of structure R2C=NOH derived from condensation of aldehydes or ketones with hydroxylamine. Oximes from aldehydes may be called aldoximes; those from ketones may be called ketoximes.. N-hydroxyacetimidic acid : A carbohydroximic acid consisting of acetimidic acid having a hydroxy group attached to the imide nitrogen.. acetohydroxamic acid : A member of the class of acetohydroxamic acids that is acetamide in which one of the amino hydrogens has been replaced by a hydroxy group.		4.0740acetohydroxamic acids;
carbohydroximic acid		algal metabolite;
EC 3.5.1.5 (urease) inhibitor
ethacridine
Ethacridine: A topically applied anti-infective agent.		2.0710acridines
4-(acetylamino)benzeneacetic acid
[no description available]		2.0710acetamides;
anilide
adiphenine
adiphenine: was heading 1963-94; use DIPHENYLACETIC ACIDS to search ADIPHENINE 1966-94		2.0710diarylmethane
ag 127
tyrphostin AG 126: inhibits development of postoperative ileus induced by surgical manipulation of murine colon		2.4420nitrophenol
rtki cpd
[no description available]		2.4420aromatic ether;
monochlorobenzenes;
quinazolines		antineoplastic agent;
antiviral agent;
epidermal growth factor receptor antagonist;
geroprotector
tyrphostin a23
tyrphostin A23: inhibits EGF-stimulated thymidine incorporation as well as EGF-stimulated receptor autophosphorylation & tyrosine phosphorylation & cell proliferation; structure given in first source		2.4420catechols
tyrphostin 25
[no description available]		2.4420benzenetriol
tyrphostin a1
[no description available]		2.0310methoxybenzenesgeroprotector
1-aminoindan-1,5-dicarboxylic acid
1-aminoindan-1,5-dicarboxylic acid: structure given in first source		2.0310
aklomide
aklomide: structure		2.0710carbonyl compound;
organohalogen compound
alaproclate
alaproclate: specific 5-hydroxytryptamine uptake inhibitors; RN given refers to (DL)-isomer		3.5920alpha-amino acid ester
albendazole
[no description available]		4.5670aryl sulfide;
benzimidazoles;
benzimidazolylcarbamate fungicide;
carbamate ester		anthelminthic drug;
microtubule-destabilising agent;
tubulin modulator
albuterol
Albuterol: A short-acting beta-2 adrenergic agonist that is primarily used as a bronchodilator agent to treat ASTHMA. Albuterol is prepared as a racemic mixture of R(-) and S(+) stereoisomers. The stereospecific preparation of R(-) isomer of albuterol is referred to as levalbuterol.. albuterol : A member of the class of phenylethanolamines that is 4-(2-amino-1-hydroxyethyl)-2-(hydroxymethyl)phenol having a tert-butyl group attached to the nirogen atom. It acts as a beta-adrenergic agonist used in the treatment of asthma and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD).		5.03120phenols;
phenylethanolamines;
secondary amino compound		beta-adrenergic agonist;
bronchodilator agent;
environmental contaminant;
xenobiotic
alendronate
alendronic acid : A 1,1-bis(phosphonic acid) that is methanebis(phosphonic acid) in which the two methylene hydrogens are replaced by hydroxy and 3-aminopropyl groups.		4.26501,1-bis(phosphonic acid);
primary amino compound		bone density conservation agent;
EC 2.5.1.1 (dimethylallyltranstransferase) inhibitor
alfuzosin
alfuzosin: structure given in first source		3.5920monocarboxylic acid amide;
quinazolines;
tetrahydrofuranol		alpha-adrenergic antagonist;
antihypertensive agent;
antineoplastic agent
alosetron
alosetron : A pyrido[4,3-b]indole compound having a 5-methyl-1H-imidazol-4-ylmethyl group at the 2-position.		3.2310imidazoles;
pyridoindole		antiemetic;
gastrointestinal drug;
serotonergic antagonist
alpha-methyltyrosine methyl ester
alpha-methyltyrosine methyl ester: RN given refers to parent cpd		2.0310
alprazolam
Alprazolam: A triazolobenzodiazepine compound with antianxiety and sedative-hypnotic actions, that is efficacious in the treatment of PANIC DISORDERS, with or without AGORAPHOBIA, and in generalized ANXIETY DISORDERS. (From AMA Drug Evaluations Annual, 1994, p238). alprazolam : A member of the class of triazolobenzodiazepines that is 4H-[1,2,4]triazolo[4,3-a][1,4]benzodiazepine carrying methyl, phenyl and chloro substituents at positions 1, 6 and 8 respectively. Alprazolam is only found in individuals that have taken this drug.		3.8530organochlorine compound;
triazolobenzodiazepine		anticonvulsant;
anxiolytic drug;
GABA agonist;
muscle relaxant;
sedative;
xenobiotic
alprenolol
Alprenolol: One of the ADRENERGIC BETA-ANTAGONISTS used as an antihypertensive, anti-anginal, and anti-arrhythmic agent.. alprenolol : A secondary alcohol that is propan-2-ol substituted by a 2-allylphenoxy group at position 1 and an isopropylamino group at position 3. It is a beta-adrenergic antagonist used as a antihypertensive, anti-arrhythmia and a sympatholytic agent.		2.7430secondary alcohol;
secondary amino compound		anti-arrhythmia drug;
antihypertensive agent;
beta-adrenergic antagonist;
sympatholytic agent
altretamine
Altretamine: A hexamethyl-2,4,6-triamine derivative of 1,3,5-triazine.		4.460triamino-1,3,5-triazine
amantadine
amant: an antiviral compound consisting of an adamantane derivative chemically linked to a water-solube polyanioic matrix; structure in first source		4.7790adamantanes;
primary aliphatic amine		analgesic;
antiparkinson drug;
antiviral drug;
dopaminergic agent;
NMDA receptor antagonist;
non-narcotic analgesic
ambenonium
ambenonium : A symmetrical oxalamide-based bis-quaternary ammonium ion having ethyl and 2-chlorobenzyl groups attached to the nitrogens.		3.2310quaternary ammonium ionEC 3.1.1.8 (cholinesterase) inhibitor
ambroxol
Ambroxol: A metabolite of BROMHEXINE that stimulates mucociliary action and clears the air passages in the respiratory tract. It is usually administered as the hydrochloride.		2.4620aromatic amine
ametantrone
ametantrone: RN given refers to parent cpd; structure		2.0410
amfonelic acid
amfonelic acid: CNS-stimulant		2.0310
diatrizoic acid
Diatrizoate: A commonly used x-ray contrast medium. As DIATRIZOATE MEGLUMINE and as Diatrizoate sodium, it is used for gastrointestinal studies, angiography, and urography.. amidotrizoic acid : A member of the class of benzoic acids that is benzoic acid having iodo substituents at the 2-, 4- and 6-positions and acetamido substituents at the 3- and 5-positions. It is used, mainly as its N-methylglucamine and sodium salts, as an X-ray contrast medium in gastrointestinal studies, angiography, and urography.		3.6120acetamides;
benzoic acids;
organoiodine compound		environmental contaminant;
radioopaque medium;
xenobiotic
amifostine anhydrous
Amifostine: A phosphorothioate proposed as a radiation-protective agent. It causes splenic vasodilation and may block autonomic ganglia.. amifostine : An organic thiophosphate that is the S-phospho derivative of 2-[(3-aminopropyl)amino]ethanethiol. A prodrug for the free thiol, WR-1065, which is used as a cytoprotectant in cancer chemotherapy and radiotherapy.		4.0640diamine;
organic thiophosphate		antioxidant;
prodrug;
radiation protective agent
aminoglutethimide
Aminoglutethimide: An aromatase inhibitor that is used in the treatment of advanced BREAST CANCER.. aminoglutethimide : A dicarboximide that is a six-membered cyclic compound having ethyl and 4-aminophenyl substituents at the 3-position.		7.89251dicarboximide;
piperidones;
substituted aniline		adrenergic agent;
anticonvulsant;
antineoplastic agent;
EC 1.14.14.14 (aromatase) inhibitor
pimagedine
pimagedine: diamine oxidase & nitric oxide synthase inhibitor; an advanced glycosylation end product inhibitor; used in the treatment of diabetic complications; structure. aminoguanidine : A one-carbon compound whose unique structure renders it capable of acting as a derivative of hydrazine, guanidine or formamide.		2.0510guanidines;
one-carbon compound		EC 1.14.13.39 (nitric oxide synthase) inhibitor;
EC 1.4.3.4 (monoamine oxidase) inhibitor
p-aminohippuric acid
p-Aminohippuric Acid: The glycine amide of 4-aminobenzoic acid. Its sodium salt is used as a diagnostic aid to measure effective renal plasma flow (ERPF) and excretory capacity.. p-aminohippurate : A hippurate that is the conjugate base of p-aminohippuric acid, arising from deprotonation of the carboxy group.. p-aminohippuric acid : An N-acylglycine that is the 4-amino derivative of hippuric acid; used as a diagnostic agent in the measurement of renal plasma flow.		4.0940N-acylglycineDaphnia magna metabolite
theophylline
[no description available]		5.17140dimethylxanthineadenosine receptor antagonist;
anti-asthmatic drug;
anti-inflammatory agent;
bronchodilator agent;
drug metabolite;
EC 3.1.4.* (phosphoric diester hydrolase) inhibitor;
fungal metabolite;
human blood serum metabolite;
immunomodulator;
muscle relaxant;
vasodilator agent
2-aminothiazole
2-aminothiazole: RN given refers to parent cpd; structure. 1,3-thiazol-2-amine : A primary amino compound that is 1,3-thiazole substituted by an amino group at position 2.		2.04101,3-thiazoles;
primary amino compound
amiodarone
Amiodarone: An antianginal and class III antiarrhythmic drug. It increases the duration of ventricular and atrial muscle action by inhibiting POTASSIUM CHANNELS and VOLTAGE-GATED SODIUM CHANNELS. There is a resulting decrease in heart rate and in vascular resistance.. amiodarone : A member of the class of 1-benzofurans that is 1-benzofuran substituted by a butyl group at position 2 and a 4-[2-(diethylamino)ethoxy]-3,5-diiodobenzoyl group at position 3. It is a cardiovascular drug used for the treatment of cardiac dysrhythmias.		5.241501-benzofurans;
aromatic ketone;
organoiodine compound;
tertiary amino compound		cardiovascular drug
dan 2163
[no description available]		2.0810aromatic amide;
aromatic amine;
benzamides;
pyrrolidines;
sulfone		environmental contaminant;
second generation antipsychotic;
xenobiotic
amitriptyline
Amitriptyline: Tricyclic antidepressant with anticholinergic and sedative properties. It appears to prevent the re-uptake of norepinephrine and serotonin at nerve terminals, thus potentiating the action of these neurotransmitters. Amitriptyline also appears to antagonize cholinergic and alpha-1 adrenergic responses to bioactive amines.. amitriptyline : An organic tricyclic compound that is 10,11-dihydro-5H-dibenzo[a,d][7]annulene substituted by a 3-(dimethylamino)propylidene group at position 5.		5.09130carbotricyclic compound;
tertiary amine		adrenergic uptake inhibitor;
antidepressant;
environmental contaminant;
tropomyosin-related kinase B receptor agonist;
xenobiotic
amlexanox
amlexanox: SRA-A antagonist;structure given in first source. amlexanox : A pyridochromene-derived monocarboxylic acid having an amino substituent at the 2-position, an oxo substituent at the 5-position and an isopropyl substituent at the 7-position.		2.4520monocarboxylic acid;
pyridochromene		anti-allergic agent;
anti-ulcer drug;
non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug
amlodipine
Amlodipine: A long-acting dihydropyridine calcium channel blocker. It is effective in the treatment of ANGINA PECTORIS and HYPERTENSION.. amlodipine : A fully substituted dialkyl 1,4-dihydropyridine-3,5-dicarboxylate derivative, which is used for the treatment of hypertension, chronic stable angina and confirmed or suspected vasospastic angina.		4.7790dihydropyridine;
ethyl ester;
methyl ester;
monochlorobenzenes;
primary amino compound		antihypertensive agent;
calcium channel blocker;
vasodilator agent
amobarbital
Amobarbital: A barbiturate with hypnotic and sedative properties (but not antianxiety). Adverse effects are mainly a consequence of dose-related CNS depression and the risk of dependence with continued use is high. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p565). amobarbital : A member of the class of barbiturates that is pyrimidine-2,4,6(1H,3H,5H)-trione substituted by a 3-methylbutyl and an ethyl group at position 5. Amobarbital has been shown to exhibit sedative and hypnotic properties.		2.0510barbiturates
amodiaquine
Amodiaquine: A 4-aminoquinoline compound with anti-inflammatory properties.. amodiaquine : A quinoline having a chloro group at the 7-position and an aryl amino group at the 4-position.		2.4720aminoquinoline;
organochlorine compound;
phenols;
secondary amino compound;
tertiary amino compound		anticoronaviral agent;
antimalarial;
drug allergen;
EC 2.1.1.8 (histamine N-methyltransferase) inhibitor;
non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug;
prodrug
amoxapine
Amoxapine: The N-demethylated derivative of the antipsychotic agent LOXAPINE that works by blocking the reuptake of norepinephrine, serotonin, or both; it also blocks dopamine receptors. Amoxapine is used for the treatment of depression.. amoxapine : A dibenzooxazepine compound having a chloro substituent at the 2-position and a piperazin-1-yl group at the 11-position.		4.7790dibenzooxazepineadrenergic uptake inhibitor;
antidepressant;
dopaminergic antagonist;
geroprotector;
serotonin uptake inhibitor
amprolium
Amprolium: A veterinary coccidiostat that interferes with THIAMINE metabolism.. amprolium : An organic chloride salt having 1-[(4-amino-2-propylpyrimidin-5-yl)methyl]-2-methylpyridin-1-ium as the counterion. Used for prevention of coccidiosis in poultry and cattle.. amprolium(1+) : A pyridinium ion that is the cationic portion of amprolium, a veterinary drug which is used for prevention of coccidiosis in poultry and cattle.		2.0710pyridinium ioncoccidiostat
amsacrine
Amsacrine: An aminoacridine derivative that intercalates into DNA and is used as an antineoplastic agent.. amsacrine : A sulfonamide that is N-phenylmethanesulfonamide substituted by a methoxy group at position 3 and an acridin-9-ylamino group at position 4. It exhibits antineoplastic activity.		2.9840acridines;
aromatic ether;
sulfonamide		antineoplastic agent;
EC 5.99.1.3 [DNA topoisomerase (ATP-hydrolysing)] inhibitor
anastrozole
[no description available]		4.7790nitrile;
triazoles		antineoplastic agent;
EC 1.14.14.14 (aromatase) inhibitor
anethole trithione
Anethole Trithione: Choleretic used to allay dry mouth and constipation due to tranquilizers.		2.0510methoxybenzenes
aniracetam
[no description available]		2.0310N-acylpyrrolidine;
pyrrolidin-2-ones
antazoline
Antazoline: An antagonist of histamine H1 receptors.. antazoline : A member of the class of imidazolines that is 2-aminomethyl-2-imidazoline in which the exocyclic amino hydrogens are replaced by benzyl and phenyl groups. Antazoline is only found in individuals that have taken the drug.		2.0710aromatic amine;
imidazolines;
tertiary amino compound		cholinergic antagonist;
H1-receptor antagonist;
xenobiotic
anthralin
Anthralin: An anthracene derivative that disrupts MITOCHONDRIA function and structure and is used for the treatment of DERMATOSES, especially PSORIASIS. It may cause FOLLICULITIS.. anthralin : An anthracene compound derived by the substitution of -OH groups for hydrogen at C-1 and C-8, and with an oxo group at C-9.		2.4720anthracenesantipsoriatic
antipyrine
Antipyrine: An analgesic and antipyretic that has been given by mouth and as ear drops. Antipyrine is often used in testing the effects of other drugs or diseases on drug-metabolizing enzymes in the liver. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p29). antipyrine : A pyrazolone derivative that is 1,2-dihydropyrazol-3-one substituted with methyl groups at N-1 and C-5 and with a phenyl group at N-2.		3.1550pyrazoloneantipyretic;
cyclooxygenase 3 inhibitor;
environmental contaminant;
non-narcotic analgesic;
non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug;
xenobiotic
2-amino-4-phosphonobutyric acid
2-amino-4-phosphonobutyric acid: glutamate antagonist in locust muscle; structure; do not confuse with L-AP4, which is the propionic acid version		2.0310
6-methyl-5,6,6a,7-tetrahydro-4H-dibenzo[de,g]quinoline-10,11-diol
[no description available]		2.0710aporphine alkaloid
apraclonidine
apraclonidine: relieves postoperative intraocular pressure following trabeculoplasty; RN given refers to parent cpd. apraclonidine : An imidazoline that is 2-amino 4,5-dihydro-1H-imidazoline in which one of the exocyclic amino hydrogens has been replaced by a 4-amino-2,6-dichlorophenyl group.		2.0210dichlorobenzene;
guanidines;
imidazolines		alpha-adrenergic agonist;
antiglaucoma drug;
beta-adrenergic agonist;
diagnostic agent;
ophthalmology drug
aprindine
Aprindine: A class Ib anti-arrhythmia agent used to manage ventricular and supraventricular arrhythmias.		2.0510indanes
arcaine
arcaine: RN given refers to parent cpd; structure. 1,4-diguanidinobutane : A guanidine derivative consisting of butane having guanidino groups at the 1- and 4-positions.		2.0410guanidines
arecoline
Arecoline: An alkaloid obtained from the betel nut (Areca catechu), fruit of a palm tree. It is an agonist at both muscarinic and nicotinic acetylcholine receptors. It is used in the form of various salts as a ganglionic stimulant, a parasympathomimetic, and a vermifuge, especially in veterinary practice. It has been used as a euphoriant in the Pacific Islands.. arecoline : A tetrahydropyridine that is 1,2,5,6-tetrahydropyridine with a methyl group at position 1, and a methoxycarbonyl group at position 3. An alkaloid found in the areca nut, it acts as an agonist of muscarinic acetylcholine.		2.0710enoate ester;
methyl ester;
pyridine alkaloid;
tetrahydropyridine		metabolite;
muscarinic agonist
aspirin
Aspirin: The prototypical analgesic used in the treatment of mild to moderate pain. It has anti-inflammatory and antipyretic properties and acts as an inhibitor of cyclooxygenase which results in the inhibition of the biosynthesis of prostaglandins. Aspirin also inhibits platelet aggregation and is used in the prevention of arterial and venous thrombosis. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p5). acetylsalicylate : A benzoate that is the conjugate base of acetylsalicylic acid, arising from deprotonation of the carboxy group.. acetylsalicylic acid : A member of the class of benzoic acids that is salicylic acid in which the hydrogen that is attached to the phenolic hydroxy group has been replaced by an acetoxy group. A non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug with cyclooxygenase inhibitor activity.		5.28160benzoic acids;
phenyl acetates;
salicylates		anticoagulant;
antipyretic;
cyclooxygenase 1 inhibitor;
cyclooxygenase 2 inhibitor;
drug allergen;
EC 1.1.1.188 (prostaglandin-F synthase) inhibitor;
geroprotector;
non-narcotic analgesic;
non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug;
plant activator;
platelet aggregation inhibitor;
prostaglandin antagonist;
teratogenic agent
astemizole
Astemizole: Antihistamine drug now withdrawn from the market in many countries because of rare but potentially fatal side effects.. astemizole : A piperidine compound having a 2-(4-methoxyphenyl)ethyl group at the 1-position and an N-[(4-fluorobenzyl)benzimidazol-2-yl]amino group at the 4-position.		3.6690benzimidazoles;
piperidines		anti-allergic agent;
anticoronaviral agent;
H1-receptor antagonist
atenolol
Atenolol: A cardioselective beta-1 adrenergic blocker possessing properties and potency similar to PROPRANOLOL, but without a negative inotropic effect.. atenolol : An ethanolamine compound having a (4-carbamoylmethylphenoxy)methyl group at the 1-position and an N-isopropyl substituent.		4.94110ethanolamines;
monocarboxylic acid amide;
propanolamine		anti-arrhythmia drug;
antihypertensive agent;
beta-adrenergic antagonist;
environmental contaminant;
sympatholytic agent;
xenobiotic
alpha-amino-3-hydroxy-5-tert-butyl-4-isoxazolepropionate
alpha-amino-3-hydroxy-5-tert-butyl-4-isoxazolepropionate: a glutamate agonist		2.0310alpha-amino acid
aurintricarboxylic acid
Aurintricarboxylic Acid: A dye which inhibits protein biosynthesis at the initial stages. The ammonium salt (aluminon) is a reagent for the colorimetric estimation of aluminum in water, foods, and tissues.. aurintricarboxylic acid : A member of the class of quinomethanes that is 3-methylidene-6-oxocyclohexa-1,4-diene-1-carboxylic acid in which the methylidene hydrogens are replaced by 4-carboxy-3-hydroxyphenyl groups. The trisodium salt is the biological stain 'chrome violet CG' while the triammonium salt is 'aluminon'.		2.4420monohydroxybenzoic acid;
quinomethanes;
tricarboxylic acid		fluorochrome;
histological dye;
insulin-like growth factor receptor 1 antagonist
azathioprine
Azathioprine: An immunosuppressive agent used in combination with cyclophosphamide and hydroxychloroquine in the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis. According to the Fourth Annual Report on Carcinogens (NTP 85-002, 1985), this substance has been listed as a known carcinogen. (Merck Index, 11th ed). azathioprine : A thiopurine that is 6-mercaptopurine in which the mercapto hydrogen is replaced by a 1-methyl-4-nitroimidazol-5-yl group. It is a prodrug for mercaptopurine and is used as an immunosuppressant, prescribed for the treatment of inflammatory conditions and after organ transplantation and also for treatment of Crohn's didease and MS.		5.35170aryl sulfide;
C-nitro compound;
imidazoles;
thiopurine		antimetabolite;
antineoplastic agent;
carcinogenic agent;
DNA synthesis inhibitor;
hepatotoxic agent;
immunosuppressive agent;
prodrug
azelaic acid
nonanedioic acid : An alpha,omega-dicarboxylic acid that is heptane substituted at positions 1 and 7 by carboxy groups.		4.3341alpha,omega-dicarboxylic acid;
dicarboxylic fatty acid		antibacterial agent;
antineoplastic agent;
dermatologic drug;
plant metabolite
azelastine
azelastine: azeptin is azelastine hydrochloride; structure; eye drop formulation effective in relieving symptoms of allergic conjunctivitis; do not confuse with 5-loxin which is an extract of Boswellia. azelastine : A phthalazine compound having an oxo substituent at the 1-position, a 1-methylazepan-4-yl group at the 2-position and a 4-chlorobenzyl substituent at the 4-position.		2.0210monochlorobenzenes;
phthalazines;
tertiary amino compound		anti-allergic agent;
anti-asthmatic drug;
bronchodilator agent;
EC 1.13.11.34 (arachidonate 5-lipoxygenase) inhibitor;
H1-receptor antagonist;
platelet aggregation inhibitor
azinphosmethyl
Azinphosmethyl: An organothiophosphorus cholinesterase inhibitor. It has been used as an acaricide and as an insecticide.. azinphos-methyl : A member of the class of benzotriazines that is 1,2,3-benzotriazine substituted by an oxo group at position 4 and a [(dimethoxyphosphorothioyl)sulfanyl]methyl group at position 3.		2.0410benzotriazines;
organic thiophosphate;
organothiophosphate insecticide		agrochemical;
EC 3.1.1.7 (acetylcholinesterase) inhibitor;
EC 3.1.1.8 (cholinesterase) inhibitor
baclofen
[no description available]		4.460amino acid zwitterion;
gamma-amino acid;
monocarboxylic acid;
monochlorobenzenes;
primary amino compound		central nervous system depressant;
GABA agonist;
muscle relaxant
barbital
5,5-diethylbarbituric acid : A member of the class of barbiturates, the structure of which is that of barbituric acid substituted at C-5 by two ethyl groups. Formerly used as a hypnotic (sleeping aid).		2.0510barbituratesdrug allergen
bay-k-8644
3-Pyridinecarboxylic acid, 1,4-dihydro-2,6-dimethyl-5-nitro-4-(2-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl)-, Methyl ester: A dihydropyridine derivative, which, in contrast to NIFEDIPINE, functions as a calcium channel agonist. The compound facilitates Ca2+ influx through partially activated voltage-dependent Ca2+ channels, thereby causing vasoconstrictor and positive inotropic effects. It is used primarily as a research tool.. Bay-K-8644 : A racemate comprising equimolar amounts of (R)- and (S)-Bay-K-8644. methyl 2,6-dimethyl-5-nitro-4-[2-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl]-1,4-dihydropyridine-3-carboxylate : A pentasubstituted dihydropyridine carrying methoxycarbonyl, 2-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl and nitro substituents at positions 3, 4 and 5 respectively as well as two methyl substituents at positions 2 and 6.		2.4420(trifluoromethyl)benzenes;
C-nitro compound;
dihydropyridine;
methyl ester
bendazac
bendazac : A monocarboxylic acid that is glycolic acid in which the hydrogen attached to the 2-hydroxy group is replaced by a 1-benzyl-1H-indazol-3-yl group. Although it has anti-inflammatory, antinecrotic, choleretic and antilipidaemic properties and has been used for the treatment of various inflammatory skin disorders, its principal effect is to inhibit the denaturation of proteins. Its lysine salt is used in the management of cataracts.		3.8730indazoles;
monocarboxylic acid		non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug;
radical scavenger
bendroflumethiazide
Bendroflumethiazide: A thiazide diuretic with actions and uses similar to those of HYDROCHLOROTHIAZIDE. It has been used in the treatment of familial hyperkalemia, hypertension, edema, and urinary tract disorders. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p810). bendroflumethiazide : A sulfonamide consisting of 7-sulfamoyl-3,4-dihydro-2H-1,2,4-benzothiadiazine 1,1-dioxide in which the hydrogen at position 6 is substituted by a trifluoromethyl group and that at position 3 is substituted by a benzyl group.		3.620benzothiadiazine;
sulfonamide		antihypertensive agent;
diuretic
benserazide
Benserazide: An inhibitor of DOPA DECARBOXYLASE that does not enter the central nervous system. It is often given with LEVODOPA in the treatment of parkinsonism to prevent the conversion of levodopa to dopamine in the periphery, thereby increasing the amount that reaches the central nervous system and reducing the required dose. It has no antiparkinson actions when given alone.. benserazide : A carbohydrazide that results from the formal condensation of the carboxy group of DL-serine with the primary amino group of 4-(hydrazinylmethyl)benzene-1,2,3-triol. An aromatic-L-amino-acid decarboxylase inhibitor (DOPA decarboxylase inhibitor) that does not enter the central nervous system, it is used as its hydrochloride salt as an adjunct to levodopa in the treatment of parkinsonism. By preventing the conversion of levodopa to dopamine in the periphery, it causes an increase in the amount of levodopa reaching the central nervous system and so reduces the required dose. Benserazide has no antiparkinson actions when given alone.		2.0710carbohydrazide;
catechols;
primary alcohol;
primary amino compound		antiparkinson drug;
dopaminergic agent;
EC 4.1.1.28 (aromatic-L-amino-acid decarboxylase) inhibitor
benzamide
benzamide : An aromatic amide that consists of benzene bearing a single carboxamido substituent. The parent of the class of benzamides.		2.4520benzamides
benzbromarone
Benzbromarone: Uricosuric that acts by increasing uric acid clearance. It is used in the treatment of gout.. benzbromarone : 1-Benzofuran substituted at C-2 and C-3 by an ethyl group and a 3,5-dibromo-4-hydroxybenzoyl group respectively. An inhibitor of CYP2C9, it is used as an anti-gout medication.		5.181401-benzofurans;
aromatic ketone		uricosuric drug
benzocaine
Benzocaine: A surface anesthetic that acts by preventing transmission of impulses along NERVE FIBERS and at NERVE ENDINGS.. dextran sulfate sodium : An organic sodium salt of dextran sulfate. It induces colitis in mice.. benzocaine : A benzoate ester having 4-aminobenzoic acid as the acid component and ethanol as the alcohol component. A surface anaesthetic, it is used to suppress the gag reflex, and as a lubricant and topical anaesthetic on the larynx, mouth, nasal cavity, respiratory tract, oesophagus, rectum, urinary tract, and vagina.		2.4820benzoate ester;
substituted aniline		allergen;
antipruritic drug;
sensitiser;
topical anaesthetic
benzothiazide
benzothiazide: structure. benzthiazide : 7-Sulfamoyl-1,2,4-benzothiadiazine 1,1-dioxide in which the hydrogen at position 6 is substituted by chlorine and that at position 3 is substituted by a benzylsulfanylmethyl group. A diuretic, it is used to treat hypertension and edema.		2.0710benzothiadiazine;
sulfonamide		antihypertensive agent;
diuretic
benzyl benzoate
benzyl benzoate: structure; acarosan, a moist powder composed of wetted cellulose and benzyl benzoate, is used on carpets as an acaricide. benzyl benzoate : A benzoate ester obtained by the formal condensation of benzoic acid with benzyl alcohol. It has been isolated from the plant species of the genus Polyalthia.		2.4420benzoate ester;
benzyl ester		acaricide;
plant metabolite;
scabicide
bepridil
Bepridil: A long-acting calcium-blocking agent with significant anti-anginal activity. The drug produces significant coronary vasodilation and modest peripheral effects. It has antihypertensive and selective anti-arrhythmia activities and acts as a calmodulin antagonist.. bepridil : A tertiary amine in which the substituents on nitrogen are benzyl, phenyl and 3-(2-methylpropoxy)-2-(pyrrolidin-1-yl)propyl.		2.9640pyrrolidines;
tertiary amine		anti-arrhythmia drug;
antihypertensive agent;
calcium channel blocker;
vasodilator agent
berberine
[no description available]		2.0710alkaloid antibiotic;
berberine alkaloid;
botanical anti-fungal agent;
organic heteropentacyclic compound		antilipemic drug;
antineoplastic agent;
antioxidant;
EC 1.1.1.141 [15-hydroxyprostaglandin dehydrogenase (NAD(+))] inhibitor;
EC 1.1.1.21 (aldehyde reductase) inhibitor;
EC 1.13.11.52 (indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase) inhibitor;
EC 1.21.3.3 (reticuline oxidase) inhibitor;
EC 2.1.1.116 [3'-hydroxy-N-methyl-(S)-coclaurine 4'-O-methyltransferase] inhibitor;
EC 2.1.1.122 [(S)-tetrahydroprotoberberine N-methyltransferase] inhibitor;
EC 2.7.11.10 (IkappaB kinase) inhibitor;
EC 3.1.1.4 (phospholipase A2) inhibitor;
EC 3.1.1.7 (acetylcholinesterase) inhibitor;
EC 3.1.1.8 (cholinesterase) inhibitor;
EC 3.1.3.48 (protein-tyrosine-phosphatase) inhibitor;
EC 3.4.14.5 (dipeptidyl-peptidase IV) inhibitor;
EC 3.4.21.26 (prolyl oligopeptidase) inhibitor;
geroprotector;
hypoglycemic agent;
metabolite;
potassium channel blocker
beta-naphthoflavone
beta-Naphthoflavone: A polyaromatic hydrocarbon inducer of P4501A1 and P4501A2 cytochromes. (Proc Soc Exp Biol Med 1994 Dec:207(3):302-308). beta-naphthoflavone : An extended flavonoid resulting from the formal fusion of a benzene ring with the f side of flavone.		2.0610extended flavonoid;
naphtho-gamma-pyrone;
organic heterotricyclic compound		aryl hydrocarbon receptor agonist
betaxolol
[no description available]		4.0740propanolamineantihypertensive agent;
beta-adrenergic antagonist;
sympatholytic agent
bethanechol
Bethanechol: A slowly hydrolyzing muscarinic agonist with no nicotinic effects. Bethanechol is generally used to increase smooth muscle tone, as in the GI tract following abdominal surgery or in urinary retention in the absence of obstruction. It may cause hypotension, HEART RATE changes, and BRONCHIAL SPASM.. bethanechol : The carbamic acid ester of 2-methylcholine. A slowly hydrolysed muscarinic agonist with no nicotinic effects, it is used as its chloride salt to increase smooth muscle tone, as in the gastrointestinal tract following abdominal surgery, treatment of gastro-oesophageal reflux disease, and as an alternative to catheterisation in the treatment of non-obstructive urinary retention.		3.8730carbamate ester;
quaternary ammonium ion		muscarinic agonist
bicalutamide
bicalutamide: approved for treatment of advanced prostate cancer. N-[4-cyano-3-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl]-3-[(4-fluorophenyl)sulfonyl]-2-hydroxy-2-methylpropanamide : A member of the class of (trifluoromethyl)benzenes that is 4-amino-2-(trifluoromethyl)benzonitrile in which one of the amino hydrogens is substituted by a 3-[(4-fluorophenyl)sulfonyl]-2-hydroxy-2-methylpropanoyl group.. bicalutamide : A racemate comprising of equal amounts of (R)-bicalutamide and (S)-bicalutamide. It is an oral non-steroidal antiandrogen used in the treatment of prostate cancer and hirsutism.		18.6420629(trifluoromethyl)benzenes;
monocarboxylic acid amide;
monofluorobenzenes;
nitrile;
sulfone;
tertiary alcohol
bay h 4502
bifonazole : A racemate comprising equimolar amounts of R- and S-bifonazole. It is a broad spectrum antifungal drug used for the treatment of fungal skin and nail infections.. 1-[biphenyl-4-yl(phenyl)methyl]imidazole : A member of the class of imidazoles carrying an alpha-(biphenyl-4-yl)benzyl substituent at position 1.		2.4720biphenyls;
imidazoles
biperiden
Biperiden: A muscarinic antagonist that has effects in both the central and peripheral nervous systems. It has been used in the treatment of arteriosclerotic, idiopathic, and postencephalitic parkinsonism. It has also been used to alleviate extrapyramidal symptoms induced by phenothiazine derivatives and reserpine.. biperiden : A member of the class of piperidines that is N-propylpiperidine in which the methyl hydrogens have been replaced by hydroxy, phenyl, and 5-norbornen-2-yl groups. A muscarinic antagonist affecting both the central and peripheral nervous systems, it is used in the treatment of all forms of Parkinson's disease.		3.8930piperidines;
tertiary alcohol;
tertiary amino compound		antidote to sarin poisoning;
antidyskinesia agent;
antiparkinson drug;
muscarinic antagonist;
parasympatholytic
bisacodyl
Bisacodyl: A diphenylmethane stimulant laxative used for the treatment of CONSTIPATION and for bowel evacuation. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p871)		3.8830diarylmethane
bisoprolol
Bisoprolol: A cardioselective beta-1 adrenergic blocker. It is effective in the management of HYPERTENSION and ANGINA PECTORIS.		4.5470secondary alcohol;
secondary amine		anti-arrhythmia drug;
antihypertensive agent;
beta-adrenergic antagonist;
sympatholytic agent
bithionol
Bithionol: Halogenated anti-infective agent that is used against trematode and cestode infestations.. bithionol : An aryl sulfide that is diphenyl sulfide in which each phenyl group is substituted at position 2 by hydroxy and at positions 3 and 5 by chlorine. A fungicide and anthelmintic, it was used in various topical drug products for the treatment of liver flukes, but withdrawn after being shown to be a potent photosensitizer with the potential to cause serious skin disorders.		2.4620aryl sulfide;
bridged diphenyl antifungal drug;
bridged diphenyl fungicide;
dichlorobenzene;
organochlorine pesticide;
polyphenol		antifungal agrochemical;
antiplatyhelmintic drug
bml 190
indomethacin morpholinylamide: an inverse agonist of the cannabinoid CB2 receptor		2.4420N-acylindole
bretylium
bretylium: RN given refers to parent cpd. bretylium : A quaternary ammonium cation having 2-bromobenzyl, ethyl and two methyl groups attached to the nitrogen. It blocks noradrenaline release from the peripheral sympathetic nervous system, and is used in emergency medicine, cardiology, and other specialties for the acute management of ventricular tachycardia and ventricular fibrillation.		2.4720quaternary ammonium ionadrenergic antagonist;
anti-arrhythmia drug;
antihypertensive agent
brimonidine
[no description available]		2.7230imidazoles;
quinoxaline derivative;
secondary amine		adrenergic agonist;
alpha-adrenergic agonist;
antihypertensive agent
bromhexine
Bromhexine: A mucolytic agent used in the treatment of respiratory disorders associated with viscid or excessive mucus. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p744). bromhexine : A substituted aniline that is 2,4-dibromoaniline which is substituted at position 6 by a [cyclohexyl(methyl)amino]methyl group. It is used (as the monohydrochloride salt) as a mucolytic for the treatment of respiratory disorders associated with productive cough (i.e. a cough characterised by the production of sputum).		3.1650organobromine compound;
substituted aniline;
tertiary amino compound		mucolytic
bromopride
bromopride: RN given refers to parent cpd; structure		2.0810benzamides
bromisovalum
Bromisovalum: A sedative and mild hypnotic with potentially toxic effects.. bromisoval : A racemate comprising equimolar amounts of (R)- and (S)-bromisoval. It was previously used for its hypnotic and sedative properties but the use of bromides is now deprecated due to the possibility of the toxic accumulation of bromine in the body.. 2-bromo-N-carbamoyl-3-methylbutanamide : An N-acylurea that is urea in which one of the hydrogens is replaced by a 2-bromo-3-methybutanoyl group.		2.0510N-acylurea;
organobromine compound
seratrodast
[no description available]		2.0710organic molecular entity
bronopol
[no description available]		2.0810nitro compound
brotizolam
brotizolam: structure		2.0510organic molecular entity
bu 224
BU 224: a selective imidazoline 2-receptor blocker		2.0510quinolines
bumetanide
[no description available]		4.94110amino acid;
benzoic acids;
sulfonamide		diuretic;
EC 3.6.3.49 (channel-conductance-controlling ATPase) inhibitor
bupivacaine
Bupivacaine: A widely used local anesthetic agent.. 1-butyl-N-(2,6-dimethylphenyl)piperidine-2-carboxamide : A piperidinecarboxamide obtained by formal condensation of the carboxy group of N-butylpipecolic acid with the amino group of 2,6-dimethylaniline.. bupivacaine : A racemate composed of equimolar amounts of dextrobupivacaine and levobupivacaine. Used (in the form of its hydrochloride hydrate) as a local anaesthetic.		2.9740aromatic amide;
piperidinecarboxamide;
tertiary amino compound
buspirone
Buspirone: An anxiolytic agent and serotonin receptor agonist belonging to the azaspirodecanedione class of compounds. Its structure is unrelated to those of the BENZODIAZAPINES, but it has an efficacy comparable to DIAZEPAM.. buspirone : An azaspiro compound that is 8-azaspiro[4.5]decane-7,9-dione substituted at the nitrogen atom by a 4-(piperazin-1-yl)butyl group which in turn is substituted by a pyrimidin-2-yl group at the N(4) position.		5.3160azaspiro compound;
N-alkylpiperazine;
N-arylpiperazine;
organic heteropolycyclic compound;
piperidones;
pyrimidines		anxiolytic drug;
EC 3.4.21.26 (prolyl oligopeptidase) inhibitor;
sedative;
serotonergic agonist
busulfan
[no description available]		10.16140methanesulfonate esteralkylating agent;
antineoplastic agent;
carcinogenic agent;
insect sterilant;
teratogenic agent
secbutabarbital
secbutabarbital: Butabarbital (a synonym for Secbutabarbital) should be distinguished from Butobarbital		3.2310barbiturates
butacaine
butacaine: was MH 1965-92; BUTAPROBENZ & BUTOCAIN were see BUTACAINE 1978-92; use 4-AMINOBENZOIC ACID to search BUTACAINE 1966-92		2.0710benzoate ester
butalbital
butalbital: management of butalbital withdrawal can be simplified by using a phenobarbital-loading protocol; RN given refers to parent cpd. butalbital : A member of the class of barbiturates that is barbituric acid in which the hydrogens at position 5 are substituted by an allyl group and an isobutyl group. Frequently combined with other medicines, such as aspirin, paracetamol and codeine, it is used for treatment of pain and headache.		2.0510barbituratesanalgesic;
sedative
butamben
butamben: structure. butamben : An amino acid ester resulting from the formal condensation of the carboxy group of 4-aminobenzoic acid with the hydroxy group of butan-1-ol. Its local anaesthetic properties have been used for surface anaesthesia of the skin and mucous membranes, and for relief of pain and itching associated with some anorectal disorders.		2.0710amino acid ester;
benzoate ester;
primary amino compound;
substituted aniline		local anaesthetic
butenafine
butenafine: studied on experimental dermatophytosis. butenafine : Trimethylamine in which hydrogen atoms attached to different methyl groups are substituted by 1-naphthyl and 4-tert-butylphenyl groups. It is an inhibitor of squalene epoxidase, an enzyme responsible for the creation of sterols needed in fungal cell membranes, and is used as its hydrochloride salt for treatment of dermatological fungal infections.		2.0210naphthalenes;
tertiary amine		antifungal drug;
EC 1.14.13.132 (squalene monooxygenase) inhibitor
caffeine
[no description available]		11.68161purine alkaloid;
trimethylxanthine		adenosine A2A receptor antagonist;
adenosine receptor antagonist;
adjuvant;
central nervous system stimulant;
diuretic;
EC 2.7.11.1 (non-specific serine/threonine protein kinase) inhibitor;
EC 3.1.4.* (phosphoric diester hydrolase) inhibitor;
environmental contaminant;
food additive;
fungal metabolite;
geroprotector;
human blood serum metabolite;
mouse metabolite;
mutagen;
plant metabolite;
psychotropic drug;
ryanodine receptor agonist;
xenobiotic
verapamil
Verapamil: A calcium channel blocker that is a class IV anti-arrhythmia agent.. verapamil : A racemate comprising equimolar amounts of dexverapamil and (S)-verapamil. An L-type calcium channel blocker of the phenylalkylamine class, it is used (particularly as the hydrochloride salt) in the treatment of hypertension, angina pectoris and cardiac arrhythmia, and as a preventive medication for migraine.. 2-(3,4-dimethoxyphenyl)-5-{[2-(3,4-dimethoxyphenyl)ethyl](methyl)amino}-2-(propan-2-yl)pentanenitrile : A tertiary amino compound that is 3,4-dimethoxyphenylethylamine in which the hydrogens attached to the nitrogen are replaced by a methyl group and a 4-cyano-4-(3,4-dimethoxyphenyl)-5-methylhexyl group.		5.16140aromatic ether;
nitrile;
polyether;
tertiary amino compound
candesartan cilexetil
candesartan cilexetil: a prodrug which is metabolized to an active form candesartan to exert its biological effects		2.4920biphenyls
candesartan
candesartan: a nonpeptide angiotensin II receptor antagonist. candesartan : A benzimidazolecarboxylic acid that is 1H-benzimidazole-7-carboxylic acid substituted by an ethoxy group at position 2 and a ({2'-(1H-tetrazol-5-yl)[1,1'-biphenyl]-4-yl}methyl) group at position 1. It is a angiotensin receptor antagonist used for the treatment of hypertension.		4.4260benzimidazolecarboxylic acid;
biphenylyltetrazole		angiotensin receptor antagonist;
antihypertensive agent;
environmental contaminant;
xenobiotic
carbamylcholine
[no description available]		2.0710
carbamazepine
Carbamazepine: A dibenzazepine that acts as a sodium channel blocker. It is used as an anticonvulsant for the treatment of grand mal and psychomotor or focal SEIZURES. It may also be used in the management of BIPOLAR DISORDER, and has analgesic properties.. carbamazepine : A dibenzoazepine that is 5H-dibenzo[b,f]azepine carrying a carbamoyl substituent at the azepine nitrogen, used as an anticonvulsant.		5.5200dibenzoazepine;
ureas		analgesic;
anticonvulsant;
antimanic drug;
drug allergen;
EC 3.5.1.98 (histone deacetylase) inhibitor;
environmental contaminant;
glutamate transporter activator;
mitogen;
non-narcotic analgesic;
sodium channel blocker;
xenobiotic
carbetapentane
carbetapentane: RN given refers to parent cpd		2.0310benzenes
carbinoxamine
carbinoxamine: Note: tradenames that start with Histex refer to more than one drug. carbinoxamine : An organochlorine compound that is 2-(4-chlorobenzyl)pyridine in which one of the benzylic hydrogens is substituted by 2-(dimethylamino)ethoxy group. It is an ethanolamine-type antihistamine, used as its maleate salt for treating hay fever, as well as mild cases of Parkinson's disease.		3.8730monochlorobenzenes;
pyridines;
tertiary amino compound		anti-allergic agent;
antiparkinson drug;
H1-receptor antagonist;
muscarinic antagonist
carbazilquinone
Carbazilquinone: An alkylating agent structurally similar to MITOMYCIN and found to be effective in the treatment of leukemia and various other neoplasms in mice. It causes leukemia and thrombocytopenia in almost all human patients.		2.0410organic molecular entity
carisoprodol
Carisoprodol: A centrally acting skeletal muscle relaxant whose mechanism of action is not completely understood but may be related to its sedative actions. It is used as an adjunct in the symptomatic treatment of musculoskeletal conditions associated with painful muscle spasm. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p1202). carisoprodol : A carbamate ester that is the mono-N-isopropyl derivative of meprobamate (which is a significant metabolite). Carisoprodol interrupts neuronal communication within the reticular formation and spinal cord, resulting in sedation and alteration in pain perception. It is used as a muscle relaxant in the symptomatic treatment of musculoskeletal conditions associated with painful muscle spasm.		4.2450carbamate estermuscle relaxant
carmofur
[no description available]		2.0410organohalogen compound;
pyrimidines
carmustine
Carmustine: A cell-cycle phase nonspecific alkylating antineoplastic agent. It is used in the treatment of brain tumors and various other malignant neoplasms. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p462) This substance may reasonably be anticipated to be a carcinogen according to the Fourth Annual Report on Carcinogens (NTP 85-002, 1985). (From Merck Index, 11th ed). carmustine : A member of the class of N-nitrosoureas that is 1,3-bis(2-chloroethyl)urea in which one of the nitrogens is substituted by a nitroso group.		3.76100N-nitrosoureas;
organochlorine compound		alkylating agent;
antineoplastic agent
carprofen
carprofen: RN given refers to cpd without isomeric designation. carprofen : Propanoic acid in which one of the methylene hydrogens is substituted by a 6-chloro-9H-carbazol-2-yl group. A non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug, it is no longer used in human medicine but is still used for treatment of arthritis in elderly dogs.		2.4720carbazoles;
organochlorine compound		EC 1.14.99.1 (prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase) inhibitor;
non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug;
photosensitizing agent
carteolol
Carteolol: A beta-adrenergic antagonist used as an anti-arrhythmia agent, an anti-angina agent, an antihypertensive agent, and an antiglaucoma agent.		2.9640quinolone;
secondary alcohol		anti-arrhythmia drug;
antiglaucoma drug;
antihypertensive agent;
beta-adrenergic antagonist;
sympatholytic agent
carvedilol
[no description available]		4.0840carbazoles;
secondary alcohol;
secondary amino compound		alpha-adrenergic antagonist;
antihypertensive agent;
beta-adrenergic antagonist;
cardiovascular drug;
vasodilator agent
celecoxib
[no description available]		4.87100organofluorine compound;
pyrazoles;
sulfonamide;
toluenes		cyclooxygenase 2 inhibitor;
geroprotector;
non-narcotic analgesic;
non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug
celiprolol
Celiprolol: A cardioselective beta-1 adrenergic antagonist that has intrinsic sympathomimetic activity. It is used in the management of ANGINA PECTORIS and HYPERTENSION.		2.0410aromatic ketone
cetirizine
Cetirizine: A potent second-generation histamine H1 antagonist that is effective in the treatment of allergic rhinitis, chronic urticaria, and pollen-induced asthma. Unlike many traditional antihistamines, it does not cause drowsiness or anticholinergic side effects.. cetirizine : A member of the class of piperazines that is piperazine in which the hydrogens attached to nitrogen are replaced by a (4-chlorophenyl)(phenyl)methyl and a 2-(carboxymethoxy)ethyl group respectively.		4.2550ether;
monocarboxylic acid;
monochlorobenzenes;
piperazines		anti-allergic agent;
environmental contaminant;
H1-receptor antagonist;
xenobiotic
cgs 12066
4-(4-methylpiperazin-1-yl)-7-(trifluoromethyl)pyrrolo[1,2-a]quinoxaline : A pyrroloquinoxaline that is pyrrolo[1,2-a]quinoxaline bearing additional 4-methylpiperazin-1-yl and trifluoromethyl substituents at positions 4 and 7 respectively. A 5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 1B (5-HT1B) full agonist, 10-fold selective over 5-HT1A and 1000-fold selective over 5-HT2C receptors. Centrally active following systemic administration.		2.0310N-arylpiperazine;
organofluorine compound;
pyrroloquinoxaline		serotonergic agonist
cgs 15943
9-chloro-2-(2-furyl)-(1,2,4)triazolo(1,5-c)quinazolin-5-imine: non-xanthine triazoloquinazoline adenosine antagonist. CGS 15943 : A member of the class of triazoloquinazolines that is [1,2,4]triazolo[1,5-c]quinazoline substited at positions 2, 5 and 9 by furan-2-yl, amino and chloro groups respectively. A potent antagonist at adenosine A1 and adenosine A2A receptors.		2.4420aromatic amine;
biaryl;
furans;
organochlorine compound;
primary amino compound;
quinazolines;
triazoloquinazoline		adenosine A1 receptor antagonist;
adenosine A2A receptor antagonist;
antineoplastic agent;
central nervous system stimulant
chelerythrine
chelerythrine : A benzophenanthridine alkaloid isolated from the root of Zanthoxylum simulans, Chelidonium majus L., and other Papaveraceae.		2.4720benzophenanthridine alkaloid;
organic cation		antibacterial agent;
antineoplastic agent;
EC 2.7.11.13 (protein kinase C) inhibitor
chloral hydrate
[no description available]		2.4520aldehyde hydrate;
ethanediol;
organochlorine compound		general anaesthetic;
mouse metabolite;
sedative;
xenobiotic
chlorambucil
Chlorambucil: A nitrogen mustard alkylating agent used as antineoplastic for chronic lymphocytic leukemia, Hodgkin's disease, and others. Although it is less toxic than most other nitrogen mustards, it has been listed as a known carcinogen in the Fourth Annual Report on Carcinogens (NTP 85-002, 1985). (Merck Index, 11th ed). chlorambucil : A monocarboxylic acid that is butanoic acid substituted at position 4 by a 4-[bis(2-chloroethyl)amino]phenyl group. A chemotherapy drug that can be used in combination with the antibody obinutuzumab for the treatment of chronic lymphocytic leukemia.		4.86100aromatic amine;
monocarboxylic acid;
nitrogen mustard;
organochlorine compound;
tertiary amino compound		alkylating agent;
antineoplastic agent;
carcinogenic agent;
drug allergen;
immunosuppressive agent
chlorcyclizine
chlorcyclizine: was heading 1964-94 (Prov 1964-73); CHLOROCYCLIZINE & HISTACHLORAZINE were see CHLORCYCLIZINE 1977-94; use PIPERAZINES to search CHLORCYCLIZINE 1966-94; histamine H1-blocker used both orally and topically in allergies and also for the prevention of motion sickness		3.5920diarylmethane
chlordiazepoxide
Chlordiazepoxide: An anxiolytic benzodiazepine derivative with anticonvulsant, sedative, and amnesic properties. It has also been used in the symptomatic treatment of alcohol withdrawal.. chlordiazepoxide : A benzodiazepine that is 3H-1,4-benzodiazepine 4-oxide substituted by a chloro group at position 7, a phenyl group at position 5 and a methylamino group at position 2.		4.2750benzodiazepine
chlormezanone
Chlormezanone: A non-benzodiazepine that is used in the management of anxiety. It has been suggested for use in the treatment of muscle spasm.. chlormezanone : A 1,3-thiazine that is 1,3-thiazinan-4-one S,S-dioxide in which a hydrogen at position 2 is substituted by a 4-chlorophenyl group and the hydrogen attached to the nitrogen is substituted by methyl. A non-benzodiazepine muscle relaxant, it was used in the management of anxiety and in the treatment of muscle spasms until being discontinued worldwide by its manufacturer in 1996, due to rare but serious cutaneous reactions.		4.25501,3-thiazine;
lactam;
monochlorobenzenes;
sulfone		antipsychotic agent;
anxiolytic drug;
muscle relaxant
chloroquine
Chloroquine: The prototypical antimalarial agent with a mechanism that is not well understood. It has also been used to treat rheumatoid arthritis, systemic lupus erythematosus, and in the systemic therapy of amebic liver abscesses.. chloroquine : An aminoquinoline that is quinoline which is substituted at position 4 by a [5-(diethylamino)pentan-2-yl]amino group at at position 7 by chlorine. It is used for the treatment of malaria, hepatic amoebiasis, lupus erythematosus, light-sensitive skin eruptions, and rheumatoid arthritis.		5.18140aminoquinoline;
organochlorine compound;
secondary amino compound;
tertiary amino compound		anticoronaviral agent;
antimalarial;
antirheumatic drug;
autophagy inhibitor;
dermatologic drug
chlorothiazide
Chlorothiazide: A thiazide diuretic with actions and uses similar to those of HYDROCHLOROTHIAZIDE. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p812). thiazide : Heterocyclic compound with sulfur and nitrogen in the ring.. chlorothiazide : 4H-1,2,4-benzothiadiazine 1,1-dioxide in which the hydrogen at position is substituted by chlorine and that at position 7 is substituted by a sulfonamide group. A diuretic, it is used for treatment of oedema and hypertension.		3.8530benzothiadiazineantihypertensive agent;
diuretic
chloroxylenol
chloroxylenol: topical antiseptic; RN given refers to parent cpd; structure. 4-chloro-3,5-dimethylphenol : A member of the class of phenols that is 3,5-xylenol which is substituted at position 4 by chlorine. It is bactericidal against most Gram-positive bacteria but less effective against Staphylococci and Gram-negative bacteria, and often inactive against Pseudomonas species. It is ineffective against bacterial spores.		2.4720monochlorobenzenes;
phenols		antiseptic drug;
disinfectant;
molluscicide
chlorphenesin carbamate
[no description available]		2.0810carbamate ester;
monochlorobenzenes;
secondary alcohol		muscle relaxant
chlorpheniramine
Chlorpheniramine: A histamine H1 antagonist used in allergic reactions, hay fever, rhinitis, urticaria, and asthma. It has also been used in veterinary applications. One of the most widely used of the classical antihistaminics, it generally causes less drowsiness and sedation than PROMETHAZINE.. chlorphenamine : A tertiary amino compound that is propylamine which is substituted at position 3 by a pyridin-2-yl group and a p-chlorophenyl group and in which the hydrogens attached to the nitrogen are replaced by methyl groups. A histamine H1 antagonist, it is used to relieve the symptoms of hay fever, rhinitis, urticaria, and asthma.		4.2850monochlorobenzenes;
pyridines;
tertiary amino compound		anti-allergic agent;
antidepressant;
antipruritic drug;
H1-receptor antagonist;
histamine antagonist;
serotonin uptake inhibitor
chlorpromazine
Chlorpromazine: The prototypical phenothiazine antipsychotic drug. Like the other drugs in this class chlorpromazine's antipsychotic actions are thought to be due to long-term adaptation by the brain to blocking DOPAMINE RECEPTORS. Chlorpromazine has several other actions and therapeutic uses, including as an antiemetic and in the treatment of intractable hiccup.. chlorpromazine : A substituted phenothiazine in which the ring nitrogen at position 10 is attached to C-3 of an N,N-dimethylpropanamine moiety.		5.47190organochlorine compound;
phenothiazines;
tertiary amine		anticoronaviral agent;
antiemetic;
dopaminergic antagonist;
EC 3.4.21.26 (prolyl oligopeptidase) inhibitor;
phenothiazine antipsychotic drug
chlorpropamide
Chlorpropamide: A sulfonylurea hypoglycemic agent used in the treatment of non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus not responding to dietary modification. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p277). chlorpropamide : An N-sulfonylurea that is urea in which a hydrogen attached to one of the nitrogens is substituted by 4-chlorobenzenesulfonyl group and a hydrogen attached to the other nitrogen is substituted by propyl group. Chlorpropamide is a hypoglycaemic agent used in the treatment of type 2 (non-insulin-dependent) diabetes mellitus not responding to dietary modification.		5.18140monochlorobenzenes;
N-sulfonylurea		hypoglycemic agent;
insulin secretagogue
chlorthalidone
Chlorthalidone: A benzenesulfonamide-phthalimidine that tautomerizes to a BENZOPHENONES form. It is considered a thiazide-like diuretic.		4.2550isoindoles;
monochlorobenzenes;
sulfonamide
chlorzoxazone
Chlorzoxazone: A centrally acting central muscle relaxant with sedative properties. It is claimed to inhibit muscle spasm by exerting an effect primarily at the level of the spinal cord and subcortical areas of the brain. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoea, 30th ed, p1202). chlorzoxazone : A member of the class of 1,3-benzoxazoles that is 1,3-benzoxazol-2-ol in which the hydrogen atom at position 5 is substituted by chlorine. A centrally acting muscle relaxant with sedative properties, it is used for the symptomatic treatment of painful muscle spasm.		4.861001,3-benzoxazoles;
heteroaryl hydroxy compound;
organochlorine compound		muscle relaxant;
sedative
cifenline
[no description available]		2.0810diarylmethane
ciclopirox
[no description available]		2.9640cyclic hydroxamic acid;
hydroxypyridone antifungal drug;
pyridone		antibacterial agent;
antiseborrheic
ciglitazone
ciglitazone: structure given in second source; PPAR agonist used for type II diabetes. ciglitazone : An aromatic ether that consists of 1,3-thiazolidine-2,4-dione with position 5 substituted by a 4-[(1-methylcyclohexyl)methoxy]benzyl group. A selective PPARgamma agonist.		2.9840aromatic ether;
thiazolidinone		antineoplastic agent;
insulin-sensitizing drug
cilostamide
cilostamide: selective inhibitor of cyclic AMP phosphodiesterase & platelet aggregation; structure		2.4420quinolines
cilostazol
[no description available]		4.2650lactam;
tetrazoles		anticoagulant;
bronchodilator agent;
EC 3.1.4.17 (3',5'-cyclic-nucleotide phosphodiesterase) inhibitor;
fibrin modulating drug;
neuroprotective agent;
platelet aggregation inhibitor;
vasodilator agent
cimetidine
Cimetidine: A histamine congener, it competitively inhibits HISTAMINE binding to HISTAMINE H2 RECEPTORS. Cimetidine has a range of pharmacological actions. It inhibits GASTRIC ACID secretion, as well as PEPSIN and GASTRIN output.. cimetidine : A member of the class of guanidines that consists of guanidine carrying a methyl substituent at position 1, a cyano group at position 2 and a 2-{[(5-methyl-1H-imidazol-4-yl)methyl]sulfanyl}ethyl group at position 3. It is a H2-receptor antagonist that inhibits the production of acid in stomach.		6.38210aliphatic sulfide;
guanidines;
imidazoles;
nitrile		adjuvant;
analgesic;
anti-ulcer drug;
H2-receptor antagonist;
P450 inhibitor
aricine
[no description available]		2.0710cinchona alkaloid
cinoxacin
Cinoxacin: Synthetic antimicrobial related to OXOLINIC ACID and NALIDIXIC ACID and used in URINARY TRACT INFECTIONS.. cinoxacin : A member of the class of cinnolines that is 6,7-methylenedioxycinnolin-4(1H)-one bearing an ethyl group at position 1 and a carboxylic acid group at position 3. An analogue of oxolinic acid, it has similar antibacterial actions. It was formerly used for the treatment of urinary tract infections.		3.1350cinnolines;
oxacycle;
oxo carboxylic acid		antibacterial drug;
antiinfective agent
ciprofibrate
[no description available]		3.5680cyclopropanes;
monocarboxylic acid;
organochlorine compound		antilipemic drug
ciprofloxacin
Ciprofloxacin: A broad-spectrum antimicrobial carboxyfluoroquinoline.. ciprofloxacin : A quinolone that is quinolin-4(1H)-one bearing cyclopropyl, carboxylic acid, fluoro and piperazin-1-yl substituents at positions 1, 3, 6 and 7, respectively.		4.7890aminoquinoline;
cyclopropanes;
fluoroquinolone antibiotic;
N-arylpiperazine;
quinolinemonocarboxylic acid;
quinolone antibiotic;
quinolone;
zwitterion		antibacterial drug;
antiinfective agent;
antimicrobial agent;
DNA synthesis inhibitor;
EC 5.99.1.3 [DNA topoisomerase (ATP-hydrolysing)] inhibitor;
environmental contaminant;
topoisomerase IV inhibitor;
xenobiotic
cisapride
Cisapride: A substituted benzamide used for its prokinetic properties. It is used in the management of gastroesophageal reflux disease, functional dyspepsia, and other disorders associated with impaired gastrointestinal motility. (Martindale The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 31st ed). cisapride : The amide resulting from formal condensation of 4-amino-5-chloro-2-methoxybenzoic acid with cis-1-[3-(4-fluorophenoxy)propyl]-3-methoxypiperidin-4-amine. It has been used (as its monohydrate or as its tartrate) for the treatment of gastro-oesophageal reflux disease and for non-ulcer dyspepsia, but its propensity to cause cardiac arrhythmias resulted in its complete withdrawal from many countries, including the U.K., and restrictions on its use elsewhere.		3.1550benzamides
citalopram
Citalopram: A furancarbonitrile that is one of the serotonin uptake inhibitors used as an antidepressant. The drug is also effective in reducing ethanol uptake in alcoholics and is used in depressed patients who also suffer from TARDIVE DYSKINESIA in preference to tricyclic antidepressants, which aggravate dyskinesia.. citalopram : A racemate comprising equimolar amounts of (R)-citalopram and its enantiomer, escitalopram. It is used as an antidepressant, although only escitalopram is active.. 1-[3-(dimethylamino)propyl]-1-(4-fluorophenyl)-1,3-dihydro-2-benzofuran-5-carbonitrile : A nitrile that is 1,3-dihydro-2-benzofuran-5-carbonitrile in which one of the hydrogens at position 1 is replaced by a p-fluorophenyl group, while the other is replaced by a 3-(dimethylamino)propyl group.		11.15912-benzofurans;
cyclic ether;
nitrile;
organofluorine compound;
tertiary amino compound
clenbuterol
Clenbuterol: A substituted phenylaminoethanol that has beta-2 adrenomimetic properties at very low doses. It is used as a bronchodilator in asthma.. clenbuterol : A substituted aniline that is 2,6-dichloroaniline in which the hydrogen at position 4 has been replaced by a 2-(tert-butylamino)-1-hydroxyethyl group.		2.4520amino alcohol;
dichlorobenzene;
ethanolamines;
primary arylamine;
secondary amino compound;
substituted aniline		beta-adrenergic agonist;
bronchodilator agent;
sympathomimetic agent
clioquinol
Clioquinol: A potentially neurotoxic 8-hydroxyquinoline derivative long used as a topical anti-infective, intestinal antiamebic, and vaginal trichomonacide. The oral preparation has been shown to cause subacute myelo-optic neuropathy and has been banned worldwide.. 5-chloro-7-iodoquinolin-8-ol : A monohydroxyquinoline that is quinolin-8-ol in which the hydrogens at positions 5 and 7 are replaced by chlorine and iodine, respectively. It has antibacterial and atifungal properties, and is used in creams for the treatment of skin infections. It has also been investigated as a chelator of copper and zinc ions for the possible treatment of Alzheimer's disease.		2.9740monohydroxyquinoline;
organochlorine compound;
organoiodine compound		antibacterial agent;
antifungal agent;
antimicrobial agent;
antineoplastic agent;
antiprotozoal drug;
chelator;
copper chelator
clobazam
Clobazam: A benzodiazepine derivative that is a long-acting GABA-A RECEPTOR agonist. It is used as an antiepileptic in the treatment of SEIZURES, including seizures associated with LENNOX-GASTAUT SYNDROME. It is also used as an anxiolytic, for the short-term treatment of acute ANXIETY.. clobazam : 7-Chloro-1H-1,5-benzodiazepine-2,4(3H,5H)-dione in which the hydrogen attached to the nitrogen at position 1 is substituted by a methyl group, whilst that attached to the other nitrogen is substituted by a phenyl group. It is used for the short-term management of acute anxiety and as an adjunct in the treatment of epilepsy in association with other antiepileptics.		2.47201,4-benzodiazepinone;
organochlorine compound		anticonvulsant;
anxiolytic drug;
GABA modulator
clofazimine
Clofazimine: A fat-soluble riminophenazine dye used for the treatment of leprosy. It has been used investigationally in combination with other antimycobacterial drugs to treat Mycobacterium avium infections in AIDS patients. Clofazimine also has a marked anti-inflammatory effect and is given to control the leprosy reaction, erythema nodosum leprosum. (From AMA Drug Evaluations Annual, 1993, p1619). clofazimine : 3-Isopropylimino-3,5-dihydro-phenazine in which the hydrogen at position 5 is substituted substituted by a 4-chlorophenyl group, and that at position 2 is substituted by a (4-chlorophenyl)amino group. A dark red crystalline solid, clofazimine is an antimycobacterial and is one of the main drugs used for the treatment of multi-bacillary leprosy. However, it can cause red/brown discolouration of the skin, so other treatments are often preferred in light-skinned patients.		3.1550monochlorobenzenes;
phenazines		dye;
leprostatic drug;
non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug
clofibrate
angiokapsul: contains clofibrate & insoitolnicotinate		5.04120aromatic ether;
ethyl ester;
monochlorobenzenes		anticholesteremic drug;
antilipemic drug;
geroprotector;
PPARalpha agonist
clomiphene
[no description available]		4.2750tertiary amineestrogen antagonist;
estrogen receptor modulator
clomipramine
Clomipramine: A tricyclic antidepressant similar to IMIPRAMINE that selectively inhibits the uptake of serotonin in the brain. It is readily absorbed from the gastrointestinal tract and demethylated in the liver to form its primary active metabolite, desmethylclomipramine.. clomipramine : A dibenzoazepine that is 10,11-dihydro-5H-dibenzo[b,f]azepine which is substituted by chlorine at position 3 and in which the hydrogen attached to the nitrogen is replaced by a 3-(dimethylamino)propyl group. One of the more sedating tricyclic antidepressants, it is used as the hydrochloride salt for the treatment of depression as well as obsessive-compulsive disorder and phobias.		5.02120dibenzoazepineanticoronaviral agent;
antidepressant;
EC 1.8.1.12 (trypanothione-disulfide reductase) inhibitor;
serotonergic antagonist;
serotonergic drug;
serotonin uptake inhibitor
clonazepam
Clonazepam: An anticonvulsant used for several types of seizures, including myotonic or atonic seizures, photosensitive epilepsy, and absence seizures, although tolerance may develop. It is seldom effective in generalized tonic-clonic or partial seizures. The mechanism of action appears to involve the enhancement of GAMMA-AMINOBUTYRIC ACID receptor responses.. clonazepam : 1,3-Dihydro-2H-1,4-benzodiazepin-2-one in which the hydrogens at positions 5 and 7 are substituted by 2-chlorophenyl and nitro groups, respectively. It is used in the treatment of all types of epilepsy and seizures, as well as myoclonus and associated abnormal movements, and panic disorders. However, its use can be limited by the development of tolerance and by sedation.		3.23101,4-benzodiazepinone;
monochlorobenzenes		anticonvulsant;
anxiolytic drug;
GABA modulator
clonidine
Clonidine: An imidazoline sympatholytic agent that stimulates ALPHA-2 ADRENERGIC RECEPTORS and central IMIDAZOLINE RECEPTORS. It is commonly used in the management of HYPERTENSION.. clonidine (amino form) : A clonidine that is 4,5-dihydro-1H-imidazol-2-amine in which one of the amino hydrogens is replaced by a 2,6-dichlorophenyl group.		4.6580clonidine;
imidazoline
4-chloro-N-(2,6-dimethyl-1-piperidinyl)-3-sulfamoylbenzamide
[no description available]		2.4720sulfonamide
chlorazepate
clorazepic acid : A 1,4-benzodiazepinone in which the oxo group is at position 2, and which is substituted at positions 3, 5, and 7 by carboxy, phenyl and chloro groups, respectively.		3.85301,4-benzodiazepinoneanticonvulsant;
anxiolytic drug;
GABA modulator;
prodrug
clotiazepam
clotiazepam: was heading 1975-94 (see under AZEPINES 1978-90; was Y 6047 see under AZEPINES 1975-77); Y 6047 was see CLOTIAZEPAM 1978-94; use AZEPINES to search CLOTIAZEPAM 1975-94; thienodiazepine derivative with actions similar to those of benzodiazepines		2.0510organic molecular entity
clotrimazole
[no description available]		5.24150conazole antifungal drug;
imidazole antifungal drug;
imidazoles;
monochlorobenzenes		antiinfective agent;
environmental contaminant;
xenobiotic
cloxyquin
cloxyquin: has antitubercular activity; structure in first source		2.0710organochlorine compound;
quinolines
cromolyn
cromoglycic acid : A dicarboxylic acid that is the bis-chromone derivative of glycerol. It is effective as a mast cell stabilizer.		3.1650chromones;
dicarboxylic acid		anti-asthmatic drug;
calcium channel blocker
cx546
1-(1,4-benzodioxan-6-ylcarbonyl)piperidine: structure in first source		2.0310
cyclandelate
Cyclandelate: A direct-acting SMOOTH MUSCLE relaxant used to dilate BLOOD VESSELS.. cyclandelate : The ester obtained by formal condensation of mandelic acid and 3,3,5-tricyclohexanol. It is a direct-acting smooth muscle relaxant used to dilate blood vessels.		2.4720carboxylic ester;
secondary alcohol		vasodilator agent
cyclobenzaprine
cyclobenzaprine: RN given refers to parent cpd; Lisseril is synonymous for HCl; structure. cyclobenzaprine : 5-Methylidene-5H-dibenzo[a,d]cycloheptene in which one of the hydrogens of the methylidene group is substituted by a 2-(dimethylamino)ethyl group. A centrally acting skeletal muscle relaxant, it is used as its hydrochloride salt in the symptomatic treatment of painful muscle spasm.		4.0840carbotricyclic compoundantidepressant;
muscle relaxant;
tranquilizing drug
cyclofenil
Cyclofenil: A gonadal stimulant and inducer of ovulation. It is used in the treatment of infertility and amenorrhea, but is thought to be less effective than CLOMIPHENE.		3.5920organic molecular entity
cycloleucine
Cycloleucine: An amino acid formed by cyclization of leucine. It has cytostatic, immunosuppressive and antineoplastic activities.. 1-aminocyclopentanecarboxylic acid : A non-proteinogenic alpha-amino acid that is cyclopentane substituted at position 1 by amino and carboxy groups.		2.0410non-proteinogenic alpha-amino acidEC 2.5.1.6 (methionine adenosyltransferase) inhibitor
cyclothiazide
cyclothiazide: inhibits the desensitization of AMPA-type receptors; structure. cyclothiazide : 3,4-Dihydro-2H-1,2,4-benzothiadiazine 1,1-dioxide substituted at positions 3, 5 and 6 by a 2-norbornen-5-yl group, chlorine, and a sulfonamide group, respectively. A thiazide diuretic, it has been used in the management of hypertension and oedema.		2.0310benzothiadiazineantihypertensive agent;
diuretic
cypermethrin
cypermethrin : A carboxylic ester resulting from the formal condensation between 3-(2,2-dichlorovinyl)-2,2-dimethylcyclopropanecarboxylic acid and the alcoholic hydroxy group of hydroxy(3-phenoxyphenyl)acetonitrile.. zeta-cypermethrin : A diastereoisomeric mixture comprising the isomeric pair (1R)-cis-(alphaS)- and (1S)-trans-(alphaR)-cypermethrin together with the isomeric pair (1S)-cis-(alphaS)- and (1S)-trans-(alphaS)-cypermethrin where the ratio between the isomeric pairs lies in the range 45:55 to 55:45.		2.0310aromatic ether;
cyclopropanecarboxylate ester;
nitrile;
organochlorine compound		agrochemical;
molluscicide;
pyrethroid ester acaricide;
pyrethroid ester insecticide
cyproheptadine
Cyproheptadine: A serotonin antagonist and a histamine H1 blocker used as antipruritic, appetite stimulant, antiallergic, and for the post-gastrectomy dumping syndrome, etc.. cyproheptadine : The product resulting from the formal oxidative coupling of position 5 of 5H-dibenzo[a,d]cycloheptene with position 4 of 1-methylpiperidine resulting in the formation of a double bond between the two fragments. It is a sedating antihistamine with antimuscarinic and calcium-channel blocking actions. It is used (particularly as the hydrochloride sesquihydrate) for the relief of allergic conditions including rhinitis, conjunctivitis due to inhalant allergens and foods, urticaria and angioedema, and in pruritic skin disorders. Unlike other antihistamines, it is also a seratonin receptor antagonist, making it useful in conditions such as vascular headache and anorexia.		3.5920piperidines;
tertiary amine		anti-allergic agent;
antipruritic drug;
gastrointestinal drug;
H1-receptor antagonist;
serotonergic antagonist
danthron
danthron: structure. chrysazin : A dihydroxyanthraquinone that is anthracene-9,10-dione substituted by hydroxy groups at positions 1 and 8.		2.0510dihydroxyanthraquinoneapoptosis inducer;
plant metabolite
dapsone
[no description available]		5.1130substituted aniline;
sulfone		anti-inflammatory drug;
antiinfective agent;
antimalarial;
leprostatic drug
debrisoquin
Debrisoquin: An adrenergic neuron-blocking drug similar in effects to GUANETHIDINE. It is also noteworthy in being a substrate for a polymorphic cytochrome P-450 enzyme. Persons with certain isoforms of this enzyme are unable to properly metabolize this and many other clinically important drugs. They are commonly referred to as having a debrisoquin 4-hydroxylase polymorphism.		2.7530carboxamidine;
isoquinolines		adrenergic agent;
antihypertensive agent;
human metabolite;
sympatholytic agent
deferoxamine
Deferoxamine: Natural product isolated from Streptomyces pilosus. It forms iron complexes and is used as a chelating agent, particularly in the mesylate form.. desferrioxamine B : An acyclic desferrioxamine that is butanedioic acid in which one of the carboxy groups undergoes formal condensation with the primary amino group of N-(5-aminopentyl)-N-hydroxyacetamide and the second carboxy group undergoes formal condensation with the hydroxyamino group of N(1)-(5-aminopentyl)-N(1)-hydroxy-N(4)-[5-(hydroxyamino)pentyl]butanediamide. It is a siderophore native to Streptomyces pilosus biosynthesised by the DesABCD enzyme cluster as a high affinity Fe(III) chelator.		4.2850acyclic desferrioxaminebacterial metabolite;
ferroptosis inhibitor;
iron chelator;
siderophore
dephostatin
dephostatin: from Streptomyces sp. MJ742-NF5; structure given in first source		2.0310
desipramine
Desipramine: A tricyclic dibenzazepine compound that potentiates neurotransmission. Desipramine selectively blocks reuptake of norepinephrine from the neural synapse, and also appears to impair serotonin transport. This compound also possesses minor anticholinergic activity, through its affinity to muscarinic receptors.. desipramine : A dibenzoazepine consisting of 10,11-dihydro-5H-dibenzo[b,f]azepine substituted on nitrogen with a 3-(methylamino)propyl group.		6.74170dibenzoazepine;
secondary amino compound		adrenergic uptake inhibitor;
alpha-adrenergic antagonist;
antidepressant;
cholinergic antagonist;
drug allergen;
EC 3.1.4.12 (sphingomyelin phosphodiesterase) inhibitor;
EC 3.4.21.26 (prolyl oligopeptidase) inhibitor;
H1-receptor antagonist;
serotonin uptake inhibitor
nonivamide
nonivamide: has effect on sensory neurons. nonivamide : A capsaicinoid that is the carboxamide resulting from the formal condensation of the amino group of 4-hydroxy-3-methoxybenzylamine with the carboxy group of nonanoic acid. It is the active ingredient in many pepper sprays.		2.0310capsaicinoid;
phenols		lachrymator
amphetamine
Amphetamine: A powerful central nervous system stimulant and sympathomimetic. Amphetamine has multiple mechanisms of action including blocking uptake of adrenergics and dopamine, stimulation of release of monamines, and inhibiting monoamine oxidase. Amphetamine is also a drug of abuse and a psychotomimetic. The l- and the d,l-forms are included here. The l-form has less central nervous system activity but stronger cardiovascular effects. The d-form is DEXTROAMPHETAMINE.. 1-phenylpropan-2-amine : A primary amine that is isopropylamine in which a hydrogen attached to one of the methyl groups has been replaced by a phenyl group.. amphetamine : A racemate comprising equimolar amounts of (R)-amphetamine (also known as levamphetamine or levoamphetamine) and (S)-amphetamine (also known as dexamfetamine or dextroamphetamine.		3.5920primary amine
eflornithine
Eflornithine: An inhibitor of ORNITHINE DECARBOXYLASE, the rate limiting enzyme of the polyamine biosynthetic pathway.. eflornithine : A fluoroamino acid that is ornithine substituted by a difluoromethyl group at position 2.		4.9640alpha-amino acid;
fluoroamino acid		trypanocidal drug
r 59022
R 59022: diacylglycerol kinase inhibitor; structure given in first source; platelet activator factor antagonist		2.0310diarylmethane
diazepam
Diazepam: A benzodiazepine with anticonvulsant, anxiolytic, sedative, muscle relaxant, and amnesic properties and a long duration of action. Its actions are mediated by enhancement of GAMMA-AMINOBUTYRIC ACID activity.. diazepam : A 1,4-benzodiazepinone that is 1,3-dihydro-2H-1,4-benzodiazepin-2-one substituted by a chloro group at position 7, a methyl group at position 1 and a phenyl group at position 5.		5.021201,4-benzodiazepinone;
organochlorine compound		anticonvulsant;
anxiolytic drug;
environmental contaminant;
sedative;
xenobiotic
diazoxide
Diazoxide: A benzothiadiazine derivative that is a peripheral vasodilator used for hypertensive emergencies. It lacks diuretic effect, apparently because it lacks a sulfonamide group.. diazoxide : A benzothiadiazine that is the S,S-dioxide of 2H-1,2,4-benzothiadiazine which is substituted at position 3 by a methyl group and at position 7 by chlorine. A peripheral vasodilator, it increases the concentration of glucose in the plasma and inhibits the secretion of insulin by the beta- cells of the pancreas. It is used orally in the management of intractable hypoglycaemia and intravenously in the management of hypertensive emergencies.		4.86100benzothiadiazine;
organochlorine compound;
sulfone		antihypertensive agent;
beta-adrenergic agonist;
bronchodilator agent;
cardiotonic drug;
diuretic;
K-ATP channel agonist;
sodium channel blocker;
sympathomimetic agent;
vasodilator agent
dibenzothiophene
dibenzothiophene : A mancude organic heterotricyclic parent that consists of a thiophene ring flanked by two benzene rings ortho-fused across the 2,3- and 4,5-positions.		2.0710dibenzothiophenes;
mancude organic heterotricyclic parent		keratolytic drug
dibucaine
Dibucaine: A local anesthetic of the amide type now generally used for surface anesthesia. It is one of the most potent and toxic of the long-acting local anesthetics and its parenteral use is restricted to spinal anesthesia. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p1006). cinchocaine : A monocarboxylic acid amide that is the 2-(diethylamino)ethyl amide of 2-butoxyquinoline-4-carboxylic acid. One of the most potent and toxic of the long-acting local anesthetics, its parenteral use was restricted to spinal anesthesia. It is now generally only used (usually as the hydrochloride) in creams and ointments and in suppositories for temporary relief of pain and itching associated with skin and anorectal conditions.		2.0710aromatic ether;
monocarboxylic acid amide;
tertiary amino compound		topical anaesthetic
dibutyl phthalate
Dibutyl Phthalate: A plasticizer used in most plastics and found in water, air, soil, plants and animals. It may have some adverse effects with long-term exposure.. dibutyl phthalate : A phthalate ester that is the diester obtained by the formal condensation of the carboxy groups of phthalic acid with two molecules of butan-1-ol. Although used extensively as a plasticiser, it is a ubiquitous environmental contaminant that poses a risk to humans.		3.4270diester;
phthalate ester		EC 3.2.1.20 (alpha-glucosidase) inhibitor;
environmental contaminant;
metabolite;
plasticiser;
teratogenic agent
dicamba
Dicamba: A chlorinated organic herbicide.. dicamba : A methoxybenzoic acid that is O-methylsalicylic acid substituted by chloro groups at positions 3 and 6.		2.0410dichlorobenzene;
methoxybenzoic acid		agrochemical;
environmental contaminant;
herbicide;
synthetic auxin;
xenobiotic
diclofenac
Diclofenac: A non-steroidal anti-inflammatory agent (NSAID) with antipyretic and analgesic actions. It is primarily available as the sodium salt.. diclofenac : A monocarboxylic acid consisting of phenylacetic acid having a (2,6-dichlorophenyl)amino group at the 2-position.		5.46190amino acid;
aromatic amine;
dichlorobenzene;
monocarboxylic acid;
secondary amino compound		antipyretic;
drug allergen;
EC 1.14.99.1 (prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase) inhibitor;
environmental contaminant;
non-narcotic analgesic;
non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug;
xenobiotic
dichlorodiphenyl dichloroethylene
Dichlorodiphenyl Dichloroethylene: An organochlorine pesticide, it is the ethylene metabolite of DDT.		4.41210chlorophenylethylene;
monochlorobenzenes		human xenobiotic metabolite;
persistent organic pollutant
ddt
1,1-bis(p-chlorophenyl)-2,2,2-trichloroethane: structure in first source		3.2660benzenoid aromatic compound;
chlorophenylethane;
monochlorobenzenes;
organochlorine insecticide		bridged diphenyl acaricide;
carcinogenic agent;
endocrine disruptor;
persistent organic pollutant
dichlorphenamide
Dichlorphenamide: A carbonic anhydrase inhibitor that is used in the treatment of glaucoma.. diclofenamide : A sulfonamide that is benzene-1,3-disulfonamide in which the hydrogens at positions 4 and 5 are substituted by chlorine. An oral carbonic anhydrase inhibitor, it partially suppresses the secretion (inflow) of aqueous humor in the eye and so reduces intraocular pressure. It is used for the treatment of glaucoma.		3.8630dichlorobenzene;
sulfonamide		antiglaucoma drug;
EC 4.2.1.1 (carbonic anhydrase) inhibitor;
ophthalmology drug
dicyclomine
Dicyclomine: A muscarinic antagonist used as an antispasmodic and in urinary incontinence. It has little effect on glandular secretion or the cardiovascular system. It does have some local anesthetic properties and is used in gastrointestinal, biliary, and urinary tract spasms.. dicyclomine : The ester resulting from the formal condensation of 1-cyclohexylcyclohexanecarboxylic acid with 2-(diethylamino)ethanol. An anticholinergic, it is used as the hydrochloride to treat or prevent spasm in the muscles of the gastrointestinal tract, particularly that associated with irritable bowel syndrome.		3.8630carboxylic ester;
tertiary amine		antispasmodic drug;
muscarinic antagonist;
parasympatholytic
3,4-dihydroxybenzohydroxamic acid
[no description available]		2.0510benzoic acids
diethylcarbamazine
Diethylcarbamazine: An anthelmintic used primarily as the citrate in the treatment of filariasis, particularly infestations with Wucheria bancrofti or Loa loa.		2.7430N-carbamoylpiperazine;
N-methylpiperazine
pentetic acid
Pentetic Acid: An iron chelating agent with properties like EDETIC ACID. DTPA has also been used as a chelator for other metals, such as plutonium.		3.5720pentacarboxylic acidcopper chelator
diflunisal
Diflunisal: A salicylate derivative and anti-inflammatory analgesic with actions and side effects similar to those of ASPIRIN.. diflunisal : An organofluorine compound comprising salicylic acid having a 2,4-difluorophenyl group at the 5-position.		4.85100monohydroxybenzoic acid;
organofluorine compound		non-narcotic analgesic;
non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug
dilacor xr
5-[2-(dimethylamino)ethyl]-2-(4-methoxyphenyl)-4-oxo-2,3,4,5-tetrahydro-1,5-benzothiazepin-3-yl acetate : A lactam that is 2,3-dihydro-1,5-benzothiazepin-4(5H)-one in which positions 2 and 3 are substituted by 4-methoxyphenyl and acetoxy, respectively, while the hydrogen attached to the nitrogen is substituted by a 2-(dimethylamino)ethyl group.		2.0710acetate ester;
aromatic ether;
benzothiazepine;
lactam;
tertiary amino compound
dimercaprol
Dimercaprol: An anti-gas warfare agent that is effective against Lewisite (dichloro(2-chlorovinyl)arsine) and formerly known as British Anti-Lewisite or BAL. It acts as a chelating agent and is used in the treatment of arsenic, gold, and other heavy metal poisoning.. dimercaprol : A dithiol that is propane-1,2-dithiol in which one of the methyl hydrogens is replaced by a hydroxy group. a chelating agent originally developed during World War II as an experimental antidote against the arsenic-based poison gas Lewisite, it has been used clinically since 1949 for the treatment of poisoning by arsenic, mercury and gold. It can also be used for treatment of poisoning by antimony, bismuth and possibly thallium, and (with sodium calcium edetate) in cases of acute leaad poisoning. Administration is by (painful) intramuscular injection of a suspension of dimercaprol in peanut oil, typically every 4 hours for 2-10 days depending on the toxicity. In the past, dimercaprol was also used for the treatment of Wilson's disease, a severely debilitating genetic disorder in which the body tends to retain copper, with resultant liver and brain injury.		4.2650dithiol;
primary alcohol		chelator
dimethadione
Dimethadione: An anticonvulsant that is the active metabolite of TRIMETHADIONE.		2.0710oxazolidinone
dinitolmide
Dinitolmide: A coccidiostat for poultry.		2.0410dinitrotoluene
diphenhydramine
Diphenhydramine: A histamine H1 antagonist used as an antiemetic, antitussive, for dermatoses and pruritus, for hypersensitivity reactions, as a hypnotic, an antiparkinson, and as an ingredient in common cold preparations. It has some undesired antimuscarinic and sedative effects.. diphenhydramine : An ether that is the benzhydryl ether of 2-(dimethylamino)ethanol. It is a H1-receptor antagonist used as a antipruritic and antitussive drug.. antitussive : An agent that suppresses cough. Antitussives have a central or a peripheral action on the cough reflex, or a combination of both. Compare with expectorants, which are considered to increase the volume of secretions in the respiratory tract, so facilitating their removal by ciliary action and coughing, and mucolytics, which decrease the viscosity of mucus, facilitating its removal by ciliary action and expectoration.		4.6680ether;
tertiary amino compound		anti-allergic agent;
antidyskinesia agent;
antiemetic;
antiparkinson drug;
antipruritic drug;
antitussive;
H1-receptor antagonist;
local anaesthetic;
muscarinic antagonist;
oneirogen;
sedative
diphenyleneiodonium
diphenyleneiodonium: structure in first source; NADPH oxidase inhibitor. dibenziodolium : An organic cation that is fluorene in which the methylene group is replaced by a positively charged iodine.		2.0310organic cation
diphenylpyraline
diphenylpyraline: RN given refers to parent cpd; structure. allergen : A chemical compound, or part thereof, which causes the onset of an allergic reaction by interacting with any of the molecular pathways involved in an allergy.. diphenylpyraline : A member of the class of piperidines that is the benzhydryl ether derivative of 1-methyl-4-hydroxypiperidine. A sedating antihistamine, it is used as the hydrochloride for the symptomatic relief of allergic conditions including rhinitis and hay fever, and in pruritic skin disorders. It is also used as the teoclate salt (piprinhydrinate) as an ingredient in compound preparations for the symptomatic relief of coughs and the common cold.		2.0710piperidines;
tertiary amine		cholinergic antagonist;
H1-receptor antagonist
dipivefrin
dipivefrin: used in treatment of both primary & open angle glaucoma; RN given refers to (+-)-isomer. dipivefrin : The dipivalate ester of (+-)-epinephrine (racepinephrine). A pro-drug of epinephrine, the hydrochloride is used topically as eye drops to reduce intra-ocular pressure in the treatment of open-angle glaucoma or ocular hypertension.		2.0210ethanolamines;
pivalate ester		adrenergic agonist;
antiglaucoma drug;
ophthalmology drug;
prodrug;
sympathomimetic agent
dipyridamole
Dipyridamole: A phosphodiesterase inhibitor that blocks uptake and metabolism of adenosine by erythrocytes and vascular endothelial cells. Dipyridamole also potentiates the antiaggregating action of prostacyclin. (From AMA Drug Evaluations Annual, 1994, p752). dipyridamole : A pyrimidopyrimidine that is 2,2',2'',2'''-(pyrimido[5,4-d]pyrimidine-2,6-diyldinitrilo)tetraethanol substituted by piperidin-1-yl groups at positions 4 and 8 respectively. A vasodilator agent, it inhibits the formation of blood clots.		4.86100piperidines;
pyrimidopyrimidine;
tertiary amino compound;
tetrol		adenosine phosphodiesterase inhibitor;
EC 3.5.4.4 (adenosine deaminase) inhibitor;
platelet aggregation inhibitor;
vasodilator agent
dipyrone
metamizole : A pyrazole that is antiipyrine substituted at C-4 by a methyl(sulfomethyl)amino group, the sodium salt of which, metamizole sodium, was widely used as a powerful analgesic and antipyretic, but withdrawn from many markets from the 1970s due to a risk of causing risk of causing agranulocytosis.		2.0410amino sulfonic acid;
pyrazoles		anti-inflammatory agent;
antipyretic;
antirheumatic drug;
cyclooxygenase 3 inhibitor;
non-narcotic analgesic;
peripheral nervous system drug;
prodrug
disopyramide
Disopyramide: A class I anti-arrhythmic agent (one that interferes directly with the depolarization of the cardiac membrane and thus serves as a membrane-stabilizing agent) with a depressant action on the heart similar to that of guanidine. It also possesses some anticholinergic and local anesthetic properties.. disopyramide : A monocarboxylic acid amide that is butanamide substituted by a diisopropylamino group at position 4, a phenyl group at position 2 and a pyridin-2-yl group at position 2. It is used as a anti-arrhythmia drug.		4.85100monocarboxylic acid amide;
pyridines;
tertiary amino compound		anti-arrhythmia drug
disulfiram
[no description available]		5.03120organic disulfide;
organosulfur acaricide		angiogenesis inhibitor;
antineoplastic agent;
apoptosis inducer;
EC 1.2.1.3 [aldehyde dehydrogenase (NAD(+))] inhibitor;
EC 3.1.1.1 (carboxylesterase) inhibitor;
EC 3.1.1.8 (cholinesterase) inhibitor;
EC 5.99.1.2 (DNA topoisomerase) inhibitor;
ferroptosis inducer;
fungicide;
NF-kappaB inhibitor
valproic acid
Valproic Acid: A fatty acid with anticonvulsant and anti-manic properties that is used in the treatment of EPILEPSY and BIPOLAR DISORDER. The mechanisms of its therapeutic actions are not well understood. It may act by increasing GAMMA-AMINOBUTYRIC ACID levels in the brain or by altering the properties of VOLTAGE-GATED SODIUM CHANNELS.. valproic acid : A branched-chain saturated fatty acid that comprises of a propyl substituent on a pentanoic acid stem.		5.46190branched-chain fatty acid;
branched-chain saturated fatty acid		anticonvulsant;
antimanic drug;
EC 3.5.1.98 (histone deacetylase) inhibitor;
GABA agent;
neuroprotective agent;
psychotropic drug;
teratogenic agent
2-amino-7-phosphonoheptanoic acid
2-amino-7-phosphonoheptanoic acid: (D)-isomer active as an antagonist of N-methyl-D-aspartate excitation of central neurons; (L)-isomer inactive; RN given refers to cpd without isomeric designation		2.0310
thiorphan
Thiorphan: A potent inhibitor of membrane metalloendopeptidase (ENKEPHALINASE). Thiorphan potentiates morphine-induced ANALGESIA and attenuates naloxone-precipitated withdrawal symptoms.		2.0310N-acyl-amino acid
2,3-dimethoxy-1,4-naphthoquinone
2,3-dimethoxynaphthalene-1,4-dione : A naphthoquinone that is 1,4-naphthoquinone bearing two methoxy substituents at positions 2 and 3. Redox-cycling agent that induces intracellular superoxide anion formation and, depending on the concentration, induces cell proliferation, apoptosis or necrosis. Used to study the role of ROS in cell toxicity, apoptosis, and necrosis.		2.44201,4-naphthoquinones
domperidone
Domperidone: A specific blocker of dopamine receptors. It speeds gastrointestinal peristalsis, causes prolactin release, and is used as antiemetic and tool in the study of dopaminergic mechanisms.. domperidone : 1-[3-(Piperidin-1-yl)propyl]-1,3-dihydro-2H-benzimidazol-2-one in which the 4-position of the piperidine ring is substituted by a 5-chloro-1,3-dihydro-2H-benzimidazol-2-on-1-yl group. A dopamine antagonist, it is used as an antiemetic for the short-term treatment of nausea and vomiting, and to control gastrointestinal effects of dopaminergic drugs given in the management of parkinsonism. The free base is used in oral suspensions, while the maleate salt is used in tablet preparations.		3.360benzimidazoles;
heteroarylpiperidine		antiemetic;
dopaminergic antagonist
donepezil
Donepezil: An indan and piperidine derivative that acts as a selective and reversible inhibitor of ACETYLCHOLINESTERASE. Donepezil is highly selective for the central nervous system and is used in the management of mild to moderate DEMENTIA in ALZHEIMER DISEASE.. donepezil : A racemate comprising equimolar amounts of (R)- and (S)-donepezil. A centrally acting reversible acetylcholinesterase inhibitor, its main therapeutic use is in the treatment of Alzheimer's disease where it is used to increase cortical acetylcholine.. 2-[(1-benzylpiperidin-4-yl)methyl]-5,6-dimethoxyindan-1-one : A member of the class of indanones that is 5,6-dimethoxyindan-1-one which is substituted at position 2 by an (N-benzylpiperidin-4-yl)methyl group.		4.7890aromatic ether;
indanones;
piperidines;
racemate		EC 3.1.1.7 (acetylcholinesterase) inhibitor;
EC 3.1.1.8 (cholinesterase) inhibitor;
nootropic agent
doxapram
Doxapram: A central respiratory stimulant with a brief duration of action. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmocopoeia, 30th ed, p1225). doxapram : A member of the class of pyrrolidin-2-ones that is N-ethylpyrrolidin-2-one in which both of the hydrogens at the 3 position (adjacent to the carbonyl group) are substituted by phenyl groups, and one of the hydrogens at the 4 position is substituted by a 2-(morpholin-4-yl)ethyl group. A central and respiratory stimulant with a brief duration of action, it is used (generally as the hydrochloride or the hydrochloride hydrate) as a temporary treatment of acute respiratory failure, particularly when superimposed on chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, and of postoperative respiratory depression. It has also been used for treatment of postoperative shivering.		3.5920morpholines;
pyrrolidin-2-ones		central nervous system stimulant
doxazosin
Doxazosin: A prazosin-related compound that is a selective alpha-1-adrenergic blocker.. doxazosin : A member of the class of quinazolines that is quinazoline substituted by an amino group at position 4, methoxy groups at positions 6 and 7 and a piperazin-1-yl group at position 2 which in turn is substituted by a 2,3-dihydro-1,4-benzodioxin-2-ylcarbonyl group at position 4. An antihypertensive agent, it is used in the treatment of high blood pressure.		5.7961aromatic amine;
benzodioxine;
monocarboxylic acid amide;
N-acylpiperazine;
N-arylpiperazine;
quinazolines		alpha-adrenergic antagonist;
antihyperplasia drug;
antihypertensive agent;
antineoplastic agent;
vasodilator agent
doxepin
Doxepin: A dibenzoxepin tricyclic compound. It displays a range of pharmacological actions including maintaining adrenergic innervation. Its mechanism of action is not fully understood, but it appears to block reuptake of monoaminergic neurotransmitters into presynaptic terminals. It also possesses anticholinergic activity and modulates antagonism of histamine H(1)- and H(2)-receptors.. doxepin : A dibenzooxepine that is 6,11-dihydrodibenzo[b,e]oxepine substituted by a 3-(dimethylamino)propylidene group at position 11. It is used as an antidepressant drug.		4.460dibenzooxepine;
tertiary amino compound		antidepressant
doxylamine
Doxylamine: Histamine H1 antagonist with pronounced sedative properties. It is used in allergies and as an antitussive, antiemetic, and hypnotic. Doxylamine has also been administered in veterinary applications and was formerly used in PARKINSONISM.		3.620pyridines;
tertiary amine		anti-allergic agent;
antiemetic;
antitussive;
cholinergic antagonist;
H1-receptor antagonist;
histamine antagonist;
sedative
droperidol
Droperidol: A butyrophenone with general properties similar to those of HALOPERIDOL. It is used in conjunction with an opioid analgesic such as FENTANYL to maintain the patient in a calm state of neuroleptanalgesia with indifference to surroundings but still able to cooperate with the surgeon. It is also used as a premedicant, as an antiemetic, and for the control of agitation in acute psychoses. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 29th ed, p593). droperidol : An organofluorine compound that is haloperidol in which the hydroxy group has been eliminated with the introduction of a double bond in the piperidine ring, and the 4-chlorophenyl group has been replaced by a benzimidazol-2-on-1-yl group. It is used in the management of chemotherapy-induced nausea and vomiting, and in conjunction with an opioid analgesic such as fentanyl to maintain the patient in a calm state of neuroleptanalgesia with indifference to surroundings but still able to cooperate with the surgeon.		4.460aromatic ketone;
benzimidazoles;
organofluorine compound		anaesthesia adjuvant;
antiemetic;
dopaminergic antagonist;
first generation antipsychotic
dyclonine
[no description available]		2.0710aromatic ketone;
piperidines		topical anaesthetic
dyphylline
Dyphylline: A THEOPHYLLINE derivative with broncho- and vasodilator properties. It is used in the treatment of asthma, cardiac dyspnea, and bronchitis.. dyphylline : An oxopurine that is theophylline bearing a 2,3-dihydroxypropyl group at the 7 position. It has broncho- and vasodilator properties, and is used in the treatment of asthma, cardiac dyspnea, and bronchitis. It is also an ingredient in preparations that have been promoted for coughs.		3.620oxopurine;
propane-1,2-diols		bronchodilator agent;
EC 3.1.4.* (phosphoric diester hydrolase) inhibitor;
muscle relaxant;
vasodilator agent
ebastine
[no description available]		2.0810organic molecular entity
ebselen
ebselen : A benzoselenazole that is 1,2-benzoselenazol-3-one carrying an additional phenyl substituent at position 2. Acts as a mimic of glutathione peroxidase.		2.7430benzoselenazoleanti-inflammatory drug;
antibacterial agent;
anticoronaviral agent;
antifungal agent;
antineoplastic agent;
antioxidant;
apoptosis inducer;
EC 1.13.11.33 (arachidonate 15-lipoxygenase) inhibitor;
EC 1.13.11.34 (arachidonate 5-lipoxygenase) inhibitor;
EC 1.3.1.8 [acyl-CoA dehydrogenase (NADP(+))] inhibitor;
EC 1.8.1.12 (trypanothione-disulfide reductase) inhibitor;
EC 2.5.1.7 (UDP-N-acetylglucosamine 1-carboxyvinyltransferase) inhibitor;
EC 2.7.10.1 (receptor protein-tyrosine kinase) inhibitor;
EC 3.1.3.25 (inositol-phosphate phosphatase) inhibitor;
EC 3.4.22.69 (SARS coronavirus main proteinase) inhibitor;
EC 3.5.4.1 (cytosine deaminase) inhibitor;
EC 5.1.3.2 (UDP-glucose 4-epimerase) inhibitor;
enzyme mimic;
ferroptosis inhibitor;
genotoxin;
hepatoprotective agent;
neuroprotective agent;
radical scavenger
econazole
Econazole: An imidazole derivative that is commonly used as a topical antifungal agent.. econazole : A racemate composed of equimolar amounts of (R)- and (S)-econazole. Used (as its nitrate salt) to treat skin infections such as athlete's foot, jock itch, ringworm and other fungal skin infections.. 1-{2-(4-chlorobenzyloxy)-2-(2,4-dichlorophenyl)ethyl}imidazole : A member of the class of imidazoles that is 1-(2,4-dichlorophenyl)-2-(imidazol-1-yl)ethanol in which the hydroxyl hydrogen is replaced by a 4-chlorobenzyl group.		3.1450dichlorobenzene;
ether;
imidazoles;
monochlorobenzenes
edrophonium
Edrophonium: A rapid-onset, short-acting cholinesterase inhibitor used in cardiac arrhythmias and in the diagnosis of myasthenia gravis. It has also been used as an antidote to curare principles.. edrophonium : A quaternary ammonium ion that is N-ethyl-N,N-dimethylanilinium in which one of the meta positions is substituted by a hydroxy group. It is a reversible inhibitor of cholinesterase, with a rapid onset (30-60 seconds after injection) but a short duration of action (5-15 minutes). The chloride salt is used in myasthenia gravis both diagnostically and to distinguish between under- or over-treatment with other anticholinesterases. It has also been used for the reversal of neuromuscular blockade in anaesthesia, and for the management of poisoning due to tetrodotoxin, a neuromuscular blocking toxin found in puffer fish and other marine animals.		3.2310phenols;
quaternary ammonium ion		antidote;
diagnostic agent;
EC 3.1.1.8 (cholinesterase) inhibitor
ellipticine
ellipticine : A organic heterotetracyclic compound that is pyrido[4,3-b]carbazole carrying two methyl substituents at positions 5 and 11.		2.4420indole alkaloid;
organic heterotetracyclic compound;
organonitrogen heterocyclic compound;
polycyclic heteroarene		antineoplastic agent;
plant metabolite
emodin
Emodin: Purgative anthraquinone found in several plants, especially RHAMNUS PURSHIANA. It was formerly used as a laxative, but is now used mainly as a tool in toxicity studies.. emodin : A trihydroxyanthraquinone that is 9,10-anthraquinone which is substituted by hydroxy groups at positions 1, 3, and 8 and by a methyl group at position 6. It is present in the roots and barks of numerous plants (particularly rhubarb and buckthorn), moulds, and lichens. It is an active ingredient of various Chinese herbs.		2.4420trihydroxyanthraquinoneantineoplastic agent;
laxative;
plant metabolite;
tyrosine kinase inhibitor
endosulfan
Endosulfan: A polychlorinated compound used for controlling a variety of insects. It is practically water-insoluble, but readily adheres to clay particles and persists in soil and water for several years. Its mode of action involves repetitive nerve-discharges positively correlated to increase in temperature. This compound is extremely toxic to most fish. (From Comp Biochem Physiol (C) 1993 Jul;105(3):347-61). endosulfan : A cyclic sulfite ester that is 1,5,5a,6,9,9a-hexahydro-6,9-methano-2,4,3-benzodioxathiepine 3-oxide substituted by chloro groups at positions 6, 7, 8, 9, 10 and 10.		2.4820cyclic sulfite ester;
cyclodiene organochlorine insecticide		acaricide;
agrochemical;
GABA-gated chloride channel antagonist;
persistent organic pollutant
enflurane
Enflurane: An extremely stable inhalation anesthetic that allows rapid adjustments of anesthesia depth with little change in pulse or respiratory rate.. enflurane : An ether in which the oxygen atom is connected to 2-chloro-1,1,2-trifluoroethyl and difluoromethyl groups.		2.4420ether;
organochlorine compound;
organofluorine compound		anaesthetic
enoxacin
Enoxacin: A broad-spectrum 6-fluoronaphthyridinone antibacterial agent that is structurally related to NALIDIXIC ACID.. enoxacin : A 1,8-naphthyridine derivative that is 1,4-dihydro-1,8-naphthyridine with an ethyl group at the 1 position, a carboxy group at the 3-position, an oxo sustituent at the 4-position, a fluoro substituent at the 5-position and a piperazin-1-yl group at the 7 position. An antibacterial, it is used in the treatment of urinary-tract infections and gonorrhoea.		2.74301,8-naphthyridine derivative;
amino acid;
fluoroquinolone antibiotic;
monocarboxylic acid;
N-arylpiperazine;
quinolone antibiotic		antibacterial drug;
DNA synthesis inhibitor
epinastine
epinastine: RN given refers parent cpd. epinastine : A benzazepine that is 6,11-dihydro-5H-dibenzo[b,e]azepine in which the azepine ring is fused to the e side of 4,5-dihydro-1H-imidazol-2-amine.		2.0810benzazepine;
guanidines		anti-allergic agent;
H1-receptor antagonist;
histamine antagonist;
ophthalmology drug
erythrosine
Fluoresceins: A family of spiro(isobenzofuran-1(3H),9'-(9H)xanthen)-3-one derivatives. These are used as dyes, as indicators for various metals, and as fluorescent labels in immunoassays.		2.0310
estazolam
Estazolam: A benzodiazepine with anticonvulsant, hypnotic, and muscle relaxant properties. It has been shown in some cases to be more potent than DIAZEPAM or NITRAZEPAM.. estazolam : A triazolo[4,3-a][1,4]benzodiazepine having a phenyl group at position 6 and a chloro substituent at position 8. A short-acting benzodiazepine with general properties similar to diazepam, it is given by mouth as a hypnotic in the short-term management of insomnia.		3.8530triazoles;
triazolobenzodiazepine		anticonvulsant;
anxiolytic drug;
GABA modulator
ethacrynic acid
Ethacrynic Acid: A compound that inhibits symport of sodium, potassium, and chloride primarily in the ascending limb of Henle, but also in the proximal and distal tubules. This pharmacological action results in excretion of these ions, increased urinary output, and reduction in extracellular fluid. This compound has been classified as a loop or high ceiling diuretic.. etacrynic acid : An aromatic ether that is phenoxyacetic acid in which the phenyl ring is substituted by chlorines at positions 2 and 3, and by a 2-methylidenebutanoyl group at position 4. It is a loop diuretic used to treat high blood pressure resulting from diseases such as congestive heart failure, liver failure, and kidney failure. It is also a glutathione S-transferase (EC 2.5.1.18) inhibitor.		4.4360aromatic ether;
aromatic ketone;
dichlorobenzene;
monocarboxylic acid		EC 2.5.1.18 (glutathione transferase) inhibitor;
ion transport inhibitor;
loop diuretic
ethinamate
ethinamate: short duration hypnotic with fast onset & relatively low toxicity; may cause dependence; minor descriptor (76-85); on-line & Index Medicus search CARBAMATES (76-85). ethinamate : A carbamate ester that is the 1-vinylcyclohexyl ester of carbamic acid. A short-acting sedative-hypnotic, it was formerly used to treat insomnia.		2.0410carbamate ester;
terminal acetylenic compound		sedative
profenamine
profenamine: was heading 1972-94 (see under PHENOTHIAZINES 1972-90); use PHENOTHIAZINES to search ETHOPROPAZINE 1972-94. profenamine : A member of the class of phenothiazines that is phenothiazine in which the hydrogen attached to the nitrogen is substituted by a 2-(diethylamino)propyl group. An antimuscarinic, it is used as the hydrochloride for the symptomatic treatment of Parkinson's disease.		2.0710phenothiazines;
tertiary amino compound		adrenergic antagonist;
antidyskinesia agent;
antiparkinson drug;
histamine antagonist;
muscarinic antagonist
ethosuximide
Ethosuximide: An anticonvulsant especially useful in the treatment of absence seizures unaccompanied by other types of seizures.. ethosuximide : A dicarboximide that is pyrrolidine-2,5-dione in which the hydrogens at position 3 are substituted by one methyl and one ethyl group. An antiepileptic, it is used in the treatment of absence seizures and may be used for myoclonic seizures, but is ineffective against tonic-clonic seizures.		4.6680dicarboximide;
pyrrolidinone		anticonvulsant;
geroprotector;
T-type calcium channel blocker
ethotoin
ethotoin: was heading 1966-94 (see under HYDANTOINS 1966-90); use HYDANTOINS to search ETHOTOIN 1966-94. ethotoin : An imidazolidine-2,4-dione that is hydantoin substituted by ethyl and phenyl at positions 3 and 5, respectively. An antiepileptic, it is less toxic than phenytoin but also less effective.		3.620imidazolidine-2,4-dioneanticonvulsant
ethoxzolamide
Ethoxzolamide: A carbonic anhydrase inhibitor used as diuretic and in glaucoma. It may cause hypokalemia.. ethoxzolamide : A sulfonamide that is 1,3-benzothiazole-2-sulfonamide which is substituted by an ethoxy group at position 6. A carbonic anhydrase inhibitor, it has been used in the treatment of glaucoma, and as a diuretic.		2.0510aromatic ether;
benzothiazoles;
sulfonamide		antiglaucoma drug;
diuretic;
EC 4.2.1.1 (carbonic anhydrase) inhibitor
eicosapentaenoic acid ethyl ester
[no description available]		2.1310
ethyl loflazepate
ethyl loflazepate: structure given in first source		2.4620organic molecular entity
ethylenediamine
ethylenediamine: RN given refers to parent cpd; edamine is the recommended contraction for the ethylenediamine radical. ethylenediamine : An alkane-alpha,omega-diamine in which the alkane is ethane.		2.0710alkane-alpha,omega-diamineGABA agonist
etidronate
Etidronic Acid: A diphosphonate which affects calcium metabolism. It inhibits ectopic calcification and slows down bone resorption and bone turnover.. etidronic acid : A 1,1-bis(phosphonic acid) that is (ethane-1,1-diyl)bis(phosphonic acid) having a hydroxy substituent at the 1-position. It inhibits the formation, growth, and dissolution of hydroxyapatite crystals by chemisorption to calcium phosphate surfaces.		4.4601,1-bis(phosphonic acid)antineoplastic agent;
bone density conservation agent;
chelator
etodolac
Etodolac: A non-steroidal anti-inflammatory agent and cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) inhibitor with potent analgesic and anti-arthritic properties. It has been shown to be effective in the treatment of OSTEOARTHRITIS; RHEUMATOID ARTHRITIS; ANKYLOSING SPONDYLITIS; and in the alleviation of postoperative pain (PAIN, POSTOPERATIVE).. etodolac : A monocarboxylic acid that is acetic acid in which one of the methyl hydrogens is substituted by a 1,8-diethyl-1,3,4,9-tetrahydropyrano[3,4-b]indol-1-yl moiety. A preferential inhibitor of cyclo-oxygenase 2 and non-steroidal anti-inflammatory, it is used for the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis and osteoarthritis, and for the alleviation of postoperative pain. Administered as the racemate, only the (S)-enantiomer is active.		4.6680monocarboxylic acid;
organic heterotricyclic compound		antipyretic;
cyclooxygenase 2 inhibitor;
non-narcotic analgesic;
non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug
brl 42810
[no description available]		4.08402-aminopurines;
acetate ester		antiviral drug;
prodrug
carbonyl cyanide p-trifluoromethoxyphenylhydrazone
Carbonyl Cyanide p-Trifluoromethoxyphenylhydrazone: A proton ionophore that is commonly used as an uncoupling agent in biochemical studies.. carbonyl cyanide p-trifluoromethoxyphenylhydrazone : A hydrazone that is hydrazonomalononitrile in which one of the hydrazine hydrogens is substituted by a p-trifluoromethoxyphenyl group.		2.4620aromatic ether;
hydrazone;
nitrile;
organofluorine compound		ATP synthase inhibitor;
geroprotector;
ionophore
felbamate
Felbamate: A PEGylated phenylcarbamate derivative that acts as an antagonist of NMDA RECEPTORS. It is used as an anticonvulsant, primarily for the treatment of SEIZURES in severe refractory EPILEPSY.. felbamate : The bis(carbamate ester) of 2-phenylpropane-1,3-diol. An anticonvulsant, it is used in the treatment of epilepsy.		4.95110carbamate esteranticonvulsant;
neuroprotective agent
4-biphenylylacetic acid
biphenyl-4-ylacetic acid : A monocarboxylic acid in which one of the alpha-hydrogens is substituted by a biphenyl-4-yl group. An active metabolite of fenbufen, it is used as a topical medicine to treat muscle inflammation and arthritis.		2.0810biphenyls;
monocarboxylic acid		non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug
felodipine
Felodipine: A dihydropyridine calcium antagonist with positive inotropic effects. It lowers blood pressure by reducing peripheral vascular resistance through a highly selective action on smooth muscle in arteriolar resistance vessels.. felodipine : The mixed (methyl, ethyl) diester of 4-(2,3-dichlorophenyl)-2,6-dimethyl-1,4-dihydropyridine-3,5-dicarboxylic acid. A calcium-channel blocker, it lowers blood pressure by reducing peripheral vascular resistance through a highly selective action on smooth muscle in arteriolar resistance vessels. It is used in the management of hypertension and angina pectoris.		4.94110dichlorobenzene;
dihydropyridine;
ethyl ester;
methyl ester		anti-arrhythmia drug;
antihypertensive agent;
calcium channel blocker;
vasodilator agent
fendiline
Fendiline: Coronary vasodilator; inhibits calcium function in muscle cells in excitation-contraction coupling; proposed as antiarrhythmic and antianginal agents.		2.4620diarylmethane
fenfluramine
Fenfluramine: A centrally active drug that apparently both blocks serotonin uptake and provokes transport-mediated serotonin release.. fenfluramine : A secondary amino compound that is 1-phenyl-propan-2-amine in which one of the meta-hydrogens is substituted by trifluoromethyl, and one of the hydrogens attached to the nitrogen is substituted by an ethyl group. It binds to the serotonin reuptake pump, causing inhbition of serotonin uptake and release of serotonin. The resulting increased levels of serotonin lead to greater serotonin receptor activation which in turn lead to enhancement of serotoninergic transmission in the centres of feeding behavior located in the hypothalamus. This suppresses the appetite for carbohydrates. Fenfluramine was used as the hydrochloride for treatment of diabetes and obesity. It was withdrawn worldwide after reports of heart valve disease and pulmonary hypertension.		2.7430(trifluoromethyl)benzenes;
secondary amino compound		appetite depressant;
serotonergic agonist;
serotonin uptake inhibitor
fenofibrate
Pharmavit: a polyvitamin product, comprising vitamins A, D2, B1, B2, B6, C, E, nicotinamide, & calcium pantothene; may be a promising agent for application to human populations exposed to carcinogenic and genetic hazards of ionizing radiation; RN from CHEMLINE		5.3160aromatic ether;
chlorobenzophenone;
isopropyl ester;
monochlorobenzenes		antilipemic drug;
environmental contaminant;
geroprotector;
xenobiotic
fenoldopam
Fenoldopam: A dopamine D1 receptor agonist that is used as an antihypertensive agent. It lowers blood pressure through arteriolar vasodilation.		3.620benzazepinealpha-adrenergic agonist;
antihypertensive agent;
dopamine agonist;
dopaminergic antagonist;
vasodilator agent
fenoprofen
Fenoprofen: A propionic acid derivative that is used as a non-steroidal anti-inflammatory agent.. fenoprofen : A monocarboxylic acid that is propanoic acid in which one of the hydrogens at position 2 is substituted by a 3-phenoxyphenyl group. A non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug, the dihydrate form of the calcium salt is used for the management of mild to moderate pain and for the relief of pain and inflammation associated with disorders such as arthritis. It is pharmacologically similar to aspirin, but causes less gastrointestinal bleeding.		3.8930monocarboxylic acidantipyretic;
cyclooxygenase 1 inhibitor;
cyclooxygenase 2 inhibitor;
drug allergen;
non-narcotic analgesic;
non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug
berotek
Fenoterol: A synthetic adrenergic beta-2 agonist that is used as a bronchodilator and tocolytic.. fenoterol : A member of the class resorcinols that is 5-(1-hydroxyethyl)benzene-1,3-diol in which one of the methyl hydrogens is replaced by a 1-(4-hydroxyphenyl)propan-2-amino group. A beta2-adrenergic agonist, it is used (as the hydrobromide salt) as a bronchodilator in the management of reversible airway obstruction.		2.9740resorcinols;
secondary alcohol;
secondary amino compound		beta-adrenergic agonist;
bronchodilator agent;
sympathomimetic agent;
tocolytic agent
fentanyl
Fentanyl: A potent narcotic analgesic, abuse of which leads to habituation or addiction. It is primarily a mu-opioid agonist. Fentanyl is also used as an adjunct to general anesthetics, and as an anesthetic for induction and maintenance. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p1078). fentanyl : A monocarboxylic acid amide resulting from the formal condensation of the aryl amino group of N-phenyl-1-(2-phenylethyl)piperidin-4-amine with propanoic acid.		3.1450anilide;
monocarboxylic acid amide;
piperidines		adjuvant;
anaesthesia adjuvant;
anaesthetic;
intravenous anaesthetic;
mu-opioid receptor agonist;
opioid analgesic
fenvalerate
fenvalerate: synthetic pyrethroid; RN given refers to cpd without isomeric designation; structure. fenvalerate : A carboxylic ester obtained by formal condensation between 2-(4-chlorophenyl)-3-methylbutyric acid and cyano(3-phenoxyphenyl)methanol.		2.0310aromatic ether;
carboxylic ester;
monochlorobenzenes		pyrethroid ester acaricide;
pyrethroid ester insecticide
fexofenadine
fexofenadine: a second generation antihistamine; metabolite of the antihistaminic drug terfenadine; structure in first source; RN refers to HCl. fexofenadine : A piperidine-based anti-histamine compound.		4.4160piperidines;
tertiary amine		anti-allergic agent;
H1-receptor antagonist
fipexide
fipexide: regulates dopaminergic systems at macromolecular level		4.2850benzodioxoles
flavoxate
Flavoxate: A drug that has been used in various urinary syndromes and as an antispasmodic. Its therapeutic usefulness and its mechanism of action are not clear. It may have local anesthetic activity and direct relaxing effects on smooth muscle as well as some activity as a muscarinic antagonist.. flavoxate : A carboxylic ester resulting from the formal condensation of 3-methylflavone-8-carboxylic acid with 2-(1-piperidinyl)ethanol.		3.5920carboxylic ester;
flavones;
piperidines;
tertiary amino compound		antispasmodic drug;
muscarinic antagonist;
parasympatholytic
flecainide
Flecainide: A potent anti-arrhythmia agent, effective in a wide range of ventricular and atrial ARRHYTHMIAS and TACHYCARDIAS.. flecainide : A monocarboxylic acid amide obtained by formal condensation of the carboxy group of 2,5-bis(2,2,2-trifluoroethoxy)benzoic acid with the primary amino group of piperidin-2-ylmethylamine. An antiarrhythmic agent used (in the form of its acetate salt) to prevent and treat tachyarrhythmia (abnormal fast rhythm of the heart).		4.6680aromatic ether;
monocarboxylic acid amide;
organofluorine compound;
piperidines		anti-arrhythmia drug
fleroxacin
Fleroxacin: A broad-spectrum antimicrobial fluoroquinolone. The drug strongly inhibits the DNA-supercoiling activity of DNA GYRASE.. fleroxacin : A fluoroquinolone antibiotic that is 4-oxo-1,4-dihydroquinoline which is substituted at positions 1, 3, 6, 7 and 8 by 2-fluoroethyl, carboxy, fluoro, 4-methylpiperazin-1-yl and fluoro groups, respectively. It is active against many Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria.		2.0810difluorobenzene;
fluoroquinolone antibiotic;
monocarboxylic acid;
N-alkylpiperazine;
quinolines		antibacterial drug;
EC 5.99.1.3 [DNA topoisomerase (ATP-hydrolysing)] inhibitor;
topoisomerase IV inhibitor
fluconazole
Fluconazole: Triazole antifungal agent that is used to treat oropharyngeal CANDIDIASIS and cryptococcal MENINGITIS in AIDS.. fluconazole : A member of the class of triazoles that is propan-2-ol substituted at position 1 and 3 by 1H-1,2,4-triazol-1-yl groups and at position 2 by a 2,4-difluorophenyl group. It is an antifungal drug used for the treatment of mucosal candidiasis and for systemic infections including systemic candidiasis, coccidioidomycosis, and cryptococcosis.		5.02120conazole antifungal drug;
difluorobenzene;
tertiary alcohol;
triazole antifungal drug		environmental contaminant;
P450 inhibitor;
xenobiotic
flucytosine
Flucytosine: A fluorinated cytosine analog that is used as an antifungal agent.. flucytosine : An organofluorine compound that is cytosine that is substituted at position 5 by a fluorine. A prodrug for the antifungal 5-fluorouracil, it is used for the treatment of systemic fungal infections.		4.5470aminopyrimidine;
nucleoside analogue;
organofluorine compound;
pyrimidine antifungal drug;
pyrimidone		prodrug
flufenamic acid
Flufenamic Acid: An anthranilic acid derivative with analgesic, anti-inflammatory, and antipyretic properties. It is used in musculoskeletal and joint disorders and administered by mouth and topically. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p16). flufenamic acid : An aromatic amino acid consisting of anthranilic acid carrying an N-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl substituent. An analgesic and anti-inflammatory, it is used in rheumatic disorders.		3.1550aromatic amino acid;
organofluorine compound		antipyretic;
EC 1.14.99.1 (prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase) inhibitor;
non-narcotic analgesic;
non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug
fluphenazine
[no description available]		4.5370N-alkylpiperazine;
organofluorine compound;
phenothiazines		anticoronaviral agent;
dopaminergic antagonist;
phenothiazine antipsychotic drug
flumazenil
Flumazenil: A potent benzodiazepine receptor antagonist. Since it reverses the sedative and other actions of benzodiazepines, it has been suggested as an antidote to benzodiazepine overdoses.. flumazenil : An organic heterotricyclic compound that is 5,6-dihydro-4H-imidazo[1,5-a][1,4]benzodiazepine which is substituted at positions 3, 5, 6, and 8 by ethoxycarbonyl, methyl, oxo, and fluoro groups, respectively. It is used as an antidote to benzodiazepine overdose.		5.03120ethyl ester;
imidazobenzodiazepine;
organofluorine compound		antidote to benzodiazepine poisoning;
GABA antagonist
flunitrazepam
Flunitrazepam: A benzodiazepine with pharmacologic actions similar to those of DIAZEPAM that can cause ANTEROGRADE AMNESIA. Some reports indicate that it is used as a date rape drug and suggest that it may precipitate violent behavior. The United States Government has banned the importation of this drug.. flunitrazepam : A 1,4-benzodiazepinone that is nitrazepam substituted by a methyl group at position 1 and by a fluoro group at position 2'. It is a potent hypnotic, sedative, and amnestic drug used to treat chronic insomnia.		2.05101,4-benzodiazepinone;
C-nitro compound;
monofluorobenzenes		anxiolytic drug;
GABAA receptor agonist;
sedative
fluorescite
fluorescein (acid form) : A xanthene dye that is highly fluorescent and commonly used as a fluorescent tracer.		4.0840benzoic acids;
cyclic ketone;
hydroxy monocarboxylic acid;
organic heterotricyclic compound;
phenols;
xanthene dye		fluorescent dye;
radioopaque medium
fluorouracil
Fluorouracil: A pyrimidine analog that is an antineoplastic antimetabolite. It interferes with DNA synthesis by blocking the THYMIDYLATE SYNTHETASE conversion of deoxyuridylic acid to thymidylic acid.. 5-fluorouracil : A nucleobase analogue that is uracil in which the hydrogen at position 5 is replaced by fluorine. It is an antineoplastic agent which acts as an antimetabolite - following conversion to the active deoxynucleotide, it inhibits DNA synthesis (by blocking the conversion of deoxyuridylic acid to thymidylic acid by the cellular enzyme thymidylate synthetase) and so slows tumour growth.		10.89180nucleobase analogue;
organofluorine compound		antimetabolite;
antineoplastic agent;
environmental contaminant;
immunosuppressive agent;
radiosensitizing agent;
xenobiotic
fluoxetine
Fluoxetine: The first highly specific serotonin uptake inhibitor. It is used as an antidepressant and often has a more acceptable side-effects profile than traditional antidepressants.. fluoxetine : A racemate comprising equimolar amounts of (R)- and (S)-fluoxetine. A selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor (SSRI), it is used (generally as the hydrochloride salt) for the treatment of depression (and the depressive phase of bipolar disorder), bullimia nervosa, and obsessive-compulsive disorder.. N-methyl-3-phenyl-3-[4-(trifluoromethyl)phenoxy]propan-1-amine : An aromatic ether consisting of 4-trifluoromethylphenol in which the hydrogen of the phenolic hydroxy group is replaced by a 3-(methylamino)-1-phenylpropyl group.		5.36170(trifluoromethyl)benzenes;
aromatic ether;
secondary amino compound
fluphenazine depot
fluphenazine decanoate : The prodrug of fluphenazine, an antipsychotic drug used for the symptomatic management of psychosis in patients with schizophrenia.		2.0210decanoate ester;
N-alkylpiperazine;
organofluorine compound;
phenothiazines		dopaminergic antagonist;
phenothiazine antipsychotic drug;
prodrug
fluphenazine enanthate
[no description available]		2.0210phenothiazines
flurazepam
Flurazepam: A benzodiazepine derivative used mainly as a hypnotic.. flurazepam : A 1,4-benzodiazepinone that is 1,3-dihydro-2H-1,4-benzodiazepin-2-one substituted by a 2-(diethylamino)ethyl group, 2-fluorophenyl group and chloro group at positions 1, 5 and 7, respectively. It is a partial agonist of GABAA receptors and used for the treatment of insomnia.		3.23101,4-benzodiazepinone;
monofluorobenzenes;
organochlorine compound;
tertiary amino compound		anticonvulsant;
anxiolytic drug;
GABAA receptor agonist;
sedative
flurbiprofen
Flurbiprofen: An anti-inflammatory analgesic and antipyretic of the phenylalkynoic acid series. It has been shown to reduce bone resorption in periodontal disease by inhibiting CARBONIC ANHYDRASE.. flurbiprofen : A monocarboxylic acid that is a 2-fluoro-[1,1'-biphenyl-4-yl] moiety linked to C-2 of propionic acid. A non-steroidal anti-inflammatory, analgesic and antipyretic, it is used as a pre-operative anti-miotic as well as orally for arthritis or dental pain.		5.02120fluorobiphenyl;
monocarboxylic acid		antipyretic;
EC 1.14.99.1 (prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase) inhibitor;
non-narcotic analgesic;
non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug
fluspirilene
Fluspirilene: A long-acting injectable antipsychotic agent used for chronic schizophrenia.		2.9640diarylmethane
fomepizole
Fomepizole: A pyrazole and competitive inhibitor of ALCOHOL DEHYDROGENASE that is used for the treatment of poisoning by ETHYLENE GLYCOL or METHANOL.. fomepizole : A member of the class of pyrazoles that is 1H-pyrazole substituted by a methyl group at position 4.		3.5920pyrazolesantidote;
EC 1.1.1.1 (alcohol dehydrogenase) inhibitor;
protective agent
formoterol fumarate
N-[2-hydroxy-5-(1-hydroxy-2-{[1-(4-methoxyphenyl)propan-2-yl]amino}ethyl)phenyl]formamide : A phenylethanoloamine having 4-hydroxy and 3-formamido substituents on the phenyl ring and an N-(4-methoxyphenyl)propan-2-yl substituent.		2.4420formamides;
phenols;
phenylethanolamines;
secondary alcohol;
secondary amino compound
foscarnet
Foscarnet: An antiviral agent used in the treatment of cytomegalovirus retinitis. Foscarnet also shows activity against human herpesviruses and HIV.. phosphonoformic acid : Phosphoric acid in which one of the hydroxy groups is replaced by a carboxylic acid group. It is used as the trisodium salt as an antiviral agent in the treatment of cytomegalovirus retinitis (CMV retinitis, an inflamation of the retina that can lead to blindness) and as an alternative to ganciclovir for AIDS patients who require concurrent antiretroviral therapy but are unable to tolerate ganciclovir due to haematological toxicity.		4.0740carboxylic acid;
one-carbon compound;
phosphonic acids		antiviral drug;
geroprotector;
HIV-1 reverse transcriptase inhibitor;
sodium-dependent Pi-transporter inhibitor
fpl 64176
FPL 64176: an activator of L-type calcium channels; structure given in first source. FPL 64176 : 1H-Pyrrole substituted at C-2 and -5 by methyl groups, at C-3 by methoxycarbonyl and at C-4 by a 2-benzylbenzoyl group.		2.4420carboxylic ester;
pyrroles		calcium channel agonist
furafylline
[no description available]		2.4620oxopurine
furosemide
Furosemide: A benzoic-sulfonamide-furan. It is a diuretic with fast onset and short duration that is used for EDEMA and chronic RENAL INSUFFICIENCY.. furosemide : A chlorobenzoic acid that is 4-chlorobenzoic acid substituted by a (furan-2-ylmethyl)amino and a sulfamoyl group at position 2 and 5 respectively. It is a diuretic used in the treatment of congestive heart failure.		5.68240chlorobenzoic acid;
furans;
sulfonamide		environmental contaminant;
loop diuretic;
xenobiotic
fusaric acid
Fusaric Acid: A picolinic acid derivative isolated from various Fusarium species. It has been proposed for a variety of therapeutic applications but is primarily used as a research tool. Its mechanisms of action are poorly understood. It probably inhibits DOPAMINE BETA-HYDROXYLASE, the enzyme that converts dopamine to norepinephrine. It may also have other actions, including the inhibition of cell proliferation and DNA synthesis.		2.0310aromatic carboxylic acid;
pyridines
gabapentin
Gabapentin: A cyclohexane-gamma-aminobutyric acid derivative that is used for the treatment of PARTIAL SEIZURES; NEURALGIA; and RESTLESS LEGS SYNDROME.. gabapentin : A gamma-amino acid that is cyclohexane substituted at position 1 by aminomethyl and carboxymethyl groups. Used for treatment of neuropathic pain and restless legs syndrome.		4.5470gamma-amino acidanticonvulsant;
calcium channel blocker;
environmental contaminant;
xenobiotic
4-amino-5-hexynoic acid
4-amino-5-hexynoic acid: structure		2.0310
gemfibrozil
[no description available]		5.02120aromatic etherantilipemic drug
gentamicin
Gentamicins: A complex of closely related aminoglycosides obtained from MICROMONOSPORA purpurea and related species. They are broad-spectrum antibiotics, but may cause ear and kidney damage. They act to inhibit PROTEIN BIOSYNTHESIS.		2.2510
glafenine
Glafenine: An anthranilic acid derivative with analgesic properties used for the relief of all types of pain.. glafenine : A carboxylic ester that is 2,3-dihydroxypropyl anthranilate in which the amino group is substituted by a 7-chloroquinolin-4-yl group. A non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug, glafenine and its hydrochloride salt were used for the relief of all types of pain, but high incidence of anaphylactic reactions resulted in their withdrawal from the market.		4.6780aminoquinoline;
carboxylic ester;
glycol;
organochlorine compound;
secondary amino compound		inhibitor;
non-narcotic analgesic;
non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug
gliclazide
Gliclazide: An oral sulfonylurea hypoglycemic agent which stimulates insulin secretion.		3.4570N-sulfonylureahypoglycemic agent;
insulin secretagogue;
radical scavenger
glimepiride
glimepiride: structure given in first source		4.96110sulfonamide
glipizide
Glipizide: An oral hypoglycemic agent which is rapidly absorbed and completely metabolized.. glipizide : An N-sulfonylurea that is glyburide in which the (5-chloro-2-methoxybenzoyl group is replaced by a (5-methylpyrazin-2-yl)carbonyl group. An oral hypoglycemic agent, it is used in the treatment of type 2 diabetes mellitus.		4.6580aromatic amide;
monocarboxylic acid amide;
N-sulfonylurea;
pyrazines		EC 2.7.1.33 (pantothenate kinase) inhibitor;
hypoglycemic agent;
insulin secretagogue
glutethimide
Glutethimide: A hypnotic and sedative. Its use has been largely superseded by other drugs.		3.1550piperidines
glyburide
Glyburide: An antidiabetic sulfonylurea derivative with actions like those of chlorpropamide. glyburide : An N-sulfonylurea that is acetohexamide in which the acetyl group is replaced by a 2-(5-chloro-2-methoxybenzamido)ethyl group.		5.35170monochlorobenzenes;
N-sulfonylurea		anti-arrhythmia drug;
EC 2.7.1.33 (pantothenate kinase) inhibitor;
EC 3.6.3.49 (channel-conductance-controlling ATPase) inhibitor;
hypoglycemic agent
2-cyclopentyl-2-hydroxy-2-phenylacetic acid (1,1-dimethyl-3-pyrrolidin-1-iumyl) ester
[no description available]		3.2310benzenes
gossypol
Gossypol: A dimeric sesquiterpene found in cottonseed (GOSSYPIUM). The (-) isomer is active as a male contraceptive (CONTRACEPTIVE AGENTS, MALE) whereas toxic symptoms are associated with the (+) isomer.		2.0510
granisetron
[no description available]		3.8530aromatic amide;
indazoles
guaiazulene
guaiazulene: structure		2.0510sesquiterpene
guaifenesin
Guaifenesin: An expectorant that also has some muscle relaxing action. It is used in many cough preparations.		4.0840methoxybenzenes
guanethidine
Guanethidine: An antihypertensive agent that acts by inhibiting selectively transmission in post-ganglionic adrenergic nerves. It is believed to act mainly by preventing the release of norepinephrine at nerve endings and causes depletion of norepinephrine in peripheral sympathetic nerve terminals as well as in tissues.. guanethidine : A member of the class of guanidines in which one of the hydrogens of the amino group has been replaced by a 2-azocan-1-ylethyl group.. guanethidine sulfate : A organic sulfate salt composed of two molecules of guanethidine and one of sulfuric acid.		4.4360azocanes;
guanidines		adrenergic antagonist;
antihypertensive agent;
sympatholytic agent
guanfacine
Guanfacine: A centrally acting antihypertensive agent with specificity towards ADRENERGIC ALPHA-2 RECEPTORS.		4.0840acetamides
guanidine
Guanidine: A strong organic base existing primarily as guanidium ions at physiological pH. It is found in the urine as a normal product of protein metabolism. It is also used in laboratory research as a protein denaturant. (From Martindale, the Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed and Merck Index, 12th ed) It is also used in the treatment of myasthenia and as a fluorescent probe in HPLC.. guanidine : An aminocarboxamidine, the parent compound of the guanidines.		3.2310carboxamidine;
guanidines;
one-carbon compound
1-(5-isoquinolinesulfonyl)-2-methylpiperazine
1-(5-Isoquinolinesulfonyl)-2-Methylpiperazine: A specific protein kinase C inhibitor, which inhibits superoxide release from human neutrophils (PMN) stimulated with phorbol myristate acetate or synthetic diacylglycerol.. 1-(5-isoquinolinesulfonyl)-2-methylpiperazine : A member of the class of N-sulfonylpiperazines that is 2-methylpiperazine substituted at position 1 by a 5-isoquinolinesulfonyl group.		210isoquinolines;
N-sulfonylpiperazine		EC 2.7.11.13 (protein kinase C) inhibitor
1-(5-isoquinolinesulfonyl)piperazine
[no description available]		2.0310isoquinolines
fasudil
fasudil: intracellular calcium antagonist; structure in first source. fasudil : An isoquinoline substituted by a (1,4-diazepan-1-yl)sulfonyl group at position 5. It is a Rho-kinase inhibitor and its hydrochloride hydrate form is approved for the treatment of cerebral vasospasm and cerebral ischemia.		2.0510isoquinolines;
N-sulfonyldiazepane		antihypertensive agent;
calcium channel blocker;
EC 2.7.11.1 (non-specific serine/threonine protein kinase) inhibitor;
geroprotector;
neuroprotective agent;
nootropic agent;
vasodilator agent
haloperidol
Haloperidol: A phenyl-piperidinyl-butyrophenone that is used primarily to treat SCHIZOPHRENIA and other PSYCHOSES. It is also used in schizoaffective disorder, DELUSIONAL DISORDERS, ballism, and TOURETTE SYNDROME (a drug of choice) and occasionally as adjunctive therapy in INTELLECTUAL DISABILITY and the chorea of HUNTINGTON DISEASE. It is a potent antiemetic and is used in the treatment of intractable HICCUPS. (From AMA Drug Evaluations Annual, 1994, p279). haloperidol : A compound composed of a central piperidine structure with hydroxy and p-chlorophenyl substituents at position 4 and an N-linked p-fluorobutyrophenone moiety.		5.17140aromatic ketone;
hydroxypiperidine;
monochlorobenzenes;
organofluorine compound;
tertiary alcohol		antidyskinesia agent;
antiemetic;
dopaminergic antagonist;
first generation antipsychotic;
serotonergic antagonist
halothane
[no description available]		2.7330haloalkane;
organobromine compound;
organochlorine compound;
organofluorine compound		inhalation anaesthetic
hemicholinium 3
[no description available]		2.0310morpholines
hexachlorophene
Hexachlorophene: A chlorinated bisphenol antiseptic with a bacteriostatic action against Gram-positive organisms, but much less effective against Gram-negative organisms. It is mainly used in soaps and creams and is an ingredient of various preparations used for skin disorders. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p797). hexachlorophene : An organochlorine compound that is diphenylmethane in which each of the phenyl groups is substituted by chlorines at positions 2, 3, and 5, and by a hydroxy group at position 6. An antiseptic that is effective against Gram-positive organisms, it is used in soaps and creams for the treatment of various skin disorders. It is also used in agriculture as an acaricide and fungicide, but is not approved for such use within the European Union.		2.7530bridged diphenyl fungicide;
polyphenol;
trichlorobenzene		acaricide;
antibacterial agent;
antifungal agrochemical;
antiseptic drug
miltefosine
miltefosine: hexadecyl phosphocholine derivative of cisplatin; did not substantially activate HIV long terminal repeat; less toxic than cisplatin. miltefosine : A phospholipid that is the hexadecyl monoester of phosphocholine.		2.0510phosphocholines;
phospholipid		anti-inflammatory agent;
anticoronaviral agent;
antifungal agent;
antineoplastic agent;
antiprotozoal drug;
apoptosis inducer;
immunomodulator;
protein kinase inhibitor
4-fluorohexahydrosiladifenidol
[no description available]		2.0310
hexestrol
[no description available]		2.4220stilbenoid
hexetidine
Hexetidine: A bactericidal and fungicidal antiseptic. It is used as a 0.1% mouthwash for local infections and oral hygiene. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p797)		2.0510organic heteromonocyclic compound;
organonitrogen heterocyclic compound
hexobarbital
Hexobarbital: A barbiturate that is effective as a hypnotic and sedative.. hexobarbital : A member of the class of barbiturates taht is barbituric acid substituted at N-1 by methyl and at C-5 by methyl and cyclohex-1-enyl groups.		2.0510barbiturates
hexoprenaline
Hexoprenaline: Stimulant of adrenergic beta 2 receptors. It is used as a bronchodilator, antiasthmatic agent, and tocolytic agent.		2.0710
hexamethylene bisacetamide
N,N'-diacetyl-1,6-diaminohexane: chemical name obtained from Acta Biol Hung 1990;41(1-3):199-208		2.0710acetamides
homochlorocyclizine
homochlorocyclizine: RN given refers to parent cpd		2.0510diarylmethane
hycanthone
Hycanthone: Potentially toxic, but effective antischistosomal agent, it is a metabolite of LUCANTHONE.. hycanthone : A thioxanthen-9-one compound having a hydroxymethyl substituent at the 1-position and a 2-[(diethylamino)ethyl]amino substituent at the 4-position. It was formerly used (particularly as the monomethanesulfonic acid salt) as a schistosomicide for individual or mass treatement of infection with Schistosoma haematobium and S. mansoni, but due to its toxicity and concern about possible carcinogenicity, it has been replaced by other drugs such as praziquantel.		2.9840thioxanthenesmutagen;
schistosomicide drug
hydralazine
Hydralazine: A direct-acting vasodilator that is used as an antihypertensive agent.. hydralazine : The 1-hydrazino derivative of phthalazine; a direct-acting vasodilator that is used as an antihypertensive agent.		4.4160azaarene;
hydrazines;
ortho-fused heteroarene;
phthalazines		antihypertensive agent;
vasodilator agent
hydrochlorothiazide
Hydrochlorothiazide: A thiazide diuretic often considered the prototypical member of this class. It reduces the reabsorption of electrolytes from the renal tubules. This results in increased excretion of water and electrolytes, including sodium, potassium, chloride, and magnesium. It is used in the treatment of several disorders including edema, hypertension, diabetes insipidus, and hypoparathyroidism.. hydrochlorothiazide : A benzothiadiazine that is 3,4-dihydro-2H-1,2,4-benzothiadiazine 1,1-dioxide substituted by a chloro group at position 6 and a sulfonamide at 7. It is diuretic used for the treatment of hypertension and congestive heart failure.		4.94110benzothiadiazine;
organochlorine compound;
sulfonamide		antihypertensive agent;
diuretic;
environmental contaminant;
xenobiotic
hydroflumethiazide
Hydroflumethiazide: A thiazide diuretic with actions and uses similar to those of HYDROCHLOROTHIAZIDE. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p822). hydroflumethiazide : A benzothiadiazine consisting of a 3,4-dihydro-HH-1,2,4-benzothiadiazine bicyclic system dioxygenated on sulfur and carrying trifluoromethyl and aminosulfonyl groups at positions 6 and 7 respectively. A diuretic with actions and uses similar to those of hydrochlorothiazide.		3.8830benzothiadiazine;
thiazide		antihypertensive agent;
diuretic
hydroxychloroquine
Hydroxychloroquine: A chemotherapeutic agent that acts against erythrocytic forms of malarial parasites. Hydroxychloroquine appears to concentrate in food vacuoles of affected protozoa. It inhibits plasmodial heme polymerase. (From Gilman et al., Goodman and Gilman's The Pharmacological Basis of Therapeutics, 9th ed, p970). hydroxychloroquine : An aminoquinoline that is chloroquine in which one of the N-ethyl groups is hydroxylated at position 2. An antimalarial with properties similar to chloroquine that acts against erythrocytic forms of malarial parasites, it is mainly used as the sulfate salt for the treatment of lupus erythematosus, rheumatoid arthritis, and light-sensitive skin eruptions.		3.2310aminoquinoline;
organochlorine compound;
primary alcohol;
secondary amino compound;
tertiary amino compound		anticoronaviral agent;
antimalarial;
antirheumatic drug;
dermatologic drug
hydroxyurea
[no description available]		5.03120one-carbon compound;
ureas		antimetabolite;
antimitotic;
antineoplastic agent;
DNA synthesis inhibitor;
EC 1.17.4.1 (ribonucleoside-diphosphate reductase) inhibitor;
genotoxin;
immunomodulator;
radical scavenger;
teratogenic agent
hydroxyzine
Hydroxyzine: A histamine H1 receptor antagonist that is effective in the treatment of chronic urticaria, dermatitis, and histamine-mediated pruritus. Unlike its major metabolite CETIRIZINE, it does cause drowsiness. It is also effective as an antiemetic, for relief of anxiety and tension, and as a sedative.. hydroxyzine : A N-alkylpiperazine that is piperzine in which the nitrogens atoms are substituted by 2-(2-hydroxyethoxy)ethyl and (4-chlorophenyl)(phenyl)methyl groups respectively.		4.86100hydroxyether;
monochlorobenzenes;
N-alkylpiperazine		anticoronaviral agent;
antipruritic drug;
anxiolytic drug;
dermatologic drug;
H1-receptor antagonist
ibudilast
[no description available]		2.0310pyrazolopyridine
ibuprofen
Midol: combination of cinnamedrine, phenacetin, aspirin & caffeine		5.35170monocarboxylic acidantipyretic;
cyclooxygenase 1 inhibitor;
cyclooxygenase 2 inhibitor;
drug allergen;
environmental contaminant;
geroprotector;
non-narcotic analgesic;
non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug;
radical scavenger;
xenobiotic
ic 261
[no description available]		2.4420indoles
phenelzine
Phenelzine: One of the MONOAMINE OXIDASE INHIBITORS used to treat DEPRESSION; PHOBIC DISORDERS; and PANIC.		4.7690primary amine
lidocaine
Lidocaine: A local anesthetic and cardiac depressant used as an antiarrhythmia agent. Its actions are more intense and its effects more prolonged than those of PROCAINE but its duration of action is shorter than that of BUPIVACAINE or PRILOCAINE.. lidocaine : The monocarboxylic acid amide resulting from the formal condensation of N,N-diethylglycine with 2,6-dimethylaniline.		5.1130benzenes;
monocarboxylic acid amide;
tertiary amino compound		anti-arrhythmia drug;
drug allergen;
environmental contaminant;
local anaesthetic;
xenobiotic
alverine
alverine : A tertiary amine having one ethyl and two 3-phenylprop-1-yl groups attached to the nitrogen. An antispasmodic that acts directly on intestinal and uterine smooth muscle, it is used (particularly as the citrate salt) in the treatment of irritable bowel syndrome.		2.0510tertiary amineantispasmodic drug
idebenone
[no description available]		2.05101,4-benzoquinones;
primary alcohol		antioxidant;
ferroptosis inhibitor
ifenprodil
ifenprodil: NMDA receptor antagonist		2.0310piperidines
ifosfamide
[no description available]		4.7590ifosfamidesalkylating agent;
antineoplastic agent;
environmental contaminant;
immunosuppressive agent;
xenobiotic
imipramine
Imipramine: The prototypical tricyclic antidepressant. It has been used in major depression, dysthymia, bipolar depression, attention-deficit disorders, agoraphobia, and panic disorders. It has less sedative effect than some other members of this therapeutic group.. imipramine : A dibenzoazepine that is 5H-dibenzo[b,f]azepine substituted by a 3-(dimethylamino)propyl group at the nitrogen atom.		5.31160dibenzoazepineadrenergic uptake inhibitor;
antidepressant;
EC 3.4.21.26 (prolyl oligopeptidase) inhibitor
amrinone
Amrinone: A positive inotropic cardiotonic (CARDIOTONIC AGENTS) with vasodilator properties, phosphodiesterase 3 inhibitory activity, and the ability to stimulate calcium ion influx into the cardiac cell.. amrinone : A 3,4'-bipyridine substituted at positions 5 and 6 by an amino group and a keto function respectively. A pyridine phosphodiesterase 3 inhibitor, it is a drug that may improve the prognosis in patients with congestive heart failure.		4.94110bipyridinesEC 3.1.4.* (phosphoric diester hydrolase) inhibitor
incadronate
[no description available]		2.05101,1-bis(phosphonic acid)
indapamide
Indapamide: A benzamide-sulfonamide-indole derived DIURETIC that functions by inhibiting SODIUM CHLORIDE SYMPORTERS.. indapamide : A sulfonamide formed by condensation of the carboxylic group of 4-chloro-3-sulfamoylbenzoic acid with the amino group of 2-methyl-2,3-dihydro-1H-indol-1-amine.		4.6680indoles;
organochlorine compound;
sulfonamide		antihypertensive agent;
diuretic
indirubin-3'-monoxime
indirubin-3'-monoxime: has antiangiogenic activity. indirubin-3'-monoxime : A member of the class of biindoles that is indirubin in which the keto group at position 3' has undergone condensation with hydroxylamine to form the corresponding oxime.		2.4420
indole-3-carbinol
indole-3-carbinol: occurs in edible cruciferous vegetables. indole-3-methanol : An indolyl alcohol carrying a hydroxymethyl group at position 3. It is a constituent of the cruciferous vegetables and had anticancer activity.		7.0610indolyl alcoholantineoplastic agent;
plant metabolite
indomethacin
Indomethacin: A non-steroidal anti-inflammatory agent (NSAID) that inhibits CYCLOOXYGENASE, which is necessary for the formation of PROSTAGLANDINS and other AUTACOIDS. It also inhibits the motility of POLYMORPHONUCLEAR LEUKOCYTES.. indometacin : A member of the class of indole-3-acetic acids that is indole-3-acetic acid in which the indole ring is substituted at positions 1, 2 and 5 by p-chlorobenzoyl, methyl, and methoxy groups, respectively. A non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug, it is used in the treatment of musculoskeletal and joint disorders including osteoarthritis, rheumatoid arthritis, gout, bursitis and tendinitis.		5.49200aromatic ether;
indole-3-acetic acids;
monochlorobenzenes;
N-acylindole		analgesic;
drug metabolite;
EC 1.14.99.1 (prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase) inhibitor;
environmental contaminant;
gout suppressant;
non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug;
xenobiotic metabolite;
xenobiotic
iodixanol
iodixanol: dimeric contrast media; structure given in first source. iodixanol : A dimeric, non-ionic, water-soluble, radiographic contrast agent, used particularly in coronary angiography.		2.0210organoiodine compoundradioopaque medium
iodoacetamide
[no description available]		2.0310
iodoquinol
Iodoquinol: One of the halogenated 8-quinolinols widely used as an intestinal antiseptic, especially as an antiamebic agent. It is also used topically in other infections and may cause CNS and eye damage. It is known by very many similar trade names world-wide.. iodoquinol : A monohydroxyquinoline that is quinolin-8-ol in which the hydrogens at positions 5 and 7 are replaced by iodine. It is considered the drug of choice for treating asymptomatic or moderate forms of amoebiasis.		2.0710monohydroxyquinoline;
organoiodine compound		antiamoebic agent;
antibacterial agent;
antiprotozoal drug;
antiseptic drug
iohexol
Iohexol: An effective non-ionic, water-soluble contrast agent which is used in myelography, arthrography, nephroangiography, arteriography, and other radiographic procedures. Its low systemic toxicity is the combined result of low chemotoxicity and low osmolality.. iohexol : A benzenedicarboxamide compound having N-(2,3-dihydroxypropyl)carbamoyl groups at the 1- and 3-positions, iodo substituents at the 2-, 4- and 6-positions and an N-(2,3-dihydroxypropyl)acetamido group at the 5-position.		2.7430benzenedicarboxamide;
organoiodine compound		environmental contaminant;
radioopaque medium;
xenobiotic
iopromide
iopromide: structure given in first source. iopromide : A dicarboxylic acid diamide that consists of N-methylisophthalamide bearing three iodo substituents at positions 2, 4 and 6, a methoxyacetyl substituent at position 5 and two 2,3-dihydroxypropyl groups attached to the amide nitrogens. A water soluble x-ray contrast agent for intravascular administration.		2.0210dicarboxylic acid diamide;
organoiodine compound		environmental contaminant;
nephrotoxic agent;
radioopaque medium;
xenobiotic
iodipamide
Iodipamide: A water-soluble radiographic contrast media for cholecystography and intravenous cholangiography.. adipiodone : An organoiodine compound that is 3-amino-2,4,6-triiodobenzoic acid in which one of the amino hydrogens is substituted by a 6-(3-carboxy-2,4,6-triiodoanilino)-6-oxohexanoyl group. It is a water-soluble radiographic contrast media for cholecystography and intravenous cholangiography.		2.0510benzoic acids;
organoiodine compound;
secondary carboxamide		radioopaque medium
ioversol
[no description available]		3.5620amidobenzoic acid
iproniazid
[no description available]		5.04120carbohydrazide;
pyridines
avapro
Irbesartan: A spiro compound, biphenyl and tetrazole derivative that acts as an angiotensin II type 1 receptor antagonist. It is used in the management of HYPERTENSION, and in the treatment of kidney disease.. irbesartan : A biphenylyltetrazole that is an angiotensin II receptor antagonist used mainly for the treatment of hypertension.		4.5670azaspiro compound;
biphenylyltetrazole		angiotensin receptor antagonist;
antihypertensive agent;
environmental contaminant;
xenobiotic
1-methyl-3-isobutylxanthine
1-Methyl-3-isobutylxanthine: A potent cyclic nucleotide phosphodiesterase inhibitor; due to this action, the compound increases cyclic AMP and cyclic GMP in tissue and thereby activates CYCLIC NUCLEOTIDE-REGULATED PROTEIN KINASES. 3-isobutyl-1-methylxanthine : An oxopurine that is xanthine which is substituted at positions 1 and 3 by methyl and isobutyl groups, respectively.		2.03103-isobutyl-1-methylxanthine
isocarboxazid
Isocarboxazid: An MAO inhibitor that is effective in the treatment of major depression, dysthymic disorder, and atypical depression. It also is useful in the treatment of panic disorder and the phobic disorders. (From AMA, Drug Evaluations Annual, 1994, p311)		4.0840benzenes
isoetharine
Isoetharine: Adrenergic beta-2 agonist used as bronchodilator for emphysema, bronchitis and asthma.		2.0710catecholamine
isoflurane
Isoflurane: A stable, non-explosive inhalation anesthetic, relatively free from significant side effects.		2.4420organofluorine compoundinhalation anaesthetic
isoniazid
Hydra: A genus of freshwater polyps in the family Hydridae, order Hydroida, class HYDROZOA. They are of special interest because of their complex organization and because their adult organization corresponds roughly to the gastrula of higher animals.. hydrazide : Compounds derived from oxoacids RkE(=O)l(OH)m (l =/= 0) by replacing -OH by -NRNR2 (R groups are commonly H). (IUPAC).		5.36170carbohydrazideantitubercular agent;
drug allergen
4-piperidinecarboxylic acid
4-piperidinecarboxylic acid: structure in first source		2.4420
2-propanol
2-Propanol: An isomer of 1-PROPANOL. It is a colorless liquid having disinfectant properties. It is used in the manufacture of acetone and its derivatives and as a solvent. Topically, it is used as an antiseptic.. propan-2-ol : A secondary alcohol that is propane in which one of the hydrogens attached to the central carbon is substituted by a hydroxy group.		2.0510secondary alcohol;
secondary fatty alcohol		protic solvent
isoproterenol
Isoproterenol: Isopropyl analog of EPINEPHRINE; beta-sympathomimetic that acts on the heart, bronchi, skeletal muscle, alimentary tract, etc. It is used mainly as bronchodilator and heart stimulant.. isoprenaline : A secondary amino compound that is noradrenaline in which one of the hydrogens attached to the nitrogen is replaced by an isopropyl group. A sympathomimetic acting almost exclusively on beta-adrenergic receptors, it is used (mainly as the hydrochloride salt) as a bronghodilator and heart stimulant for the management of a variety of cardiac disorders.		4.6780catechols;
secondary alcohol;
secondary amino compound		beta-adrenergic agonist;
bronchodilator agent;
cardiotonic drug;
sympathomimetic agent
isoxsuprine
Isoxsuprine: A beta-adrenergic agonist that causes direct relaxation of uterine and vascular smooth muscle. Its vasodilating actions are greater on the arteries supplying skeletal muscle than on those supplying skin. It is used in the treatment of peripheral vascular disease and in premature labor.		3.8730alkylbenzene
isradipine
Isradipine: A potent antagonist of CALCIUM CHANNELS that is highly selective for VASCULAR SMOOTH MUSCLE. It is effective in the treatment of chronic stable angina pectoris, hypertension, and congestive cardiac failure.		4.4160benzoxadiazole;
dihydropyridine;
isopropyl ester;
methyl ester
itraconazole
[no description available]		4.5570piperazines
4-(4'-hydroxyphenyl)-amino-6,7-dimethoxyquinazoline
WHI P131: a quinazoline derivative, inhibitor of glioblastoma cell adhesion and migration		2.0310
jl 18
JL 18: a pyridobenzodiazepine derivative bioisoster of clozapine		2.4420
nsc 664704
kenpaullone: inhibits CDK1/cyclin B; structure in first source. kenpaullone : An indolobenzazepine that is paullone in which the hydrogen at position 9 is replaced by a bromo substituent. It is an ATP-competitive inhibitor of cyclin-dependent kinases (CDKs) and glycogen synthase kinase 3beta (GSK3beta).		2.7430indolobenzazepine;
lactam;
organobromine compound		cardioprotective agent;
EC 2.7.11.22 (cyclin-dependent kinase) inhibitor;
EC 2.7.11.26 (tau-protein kinase) inhibitor;
geroprotector
ketamine
Ketamine: A cyclohexanone derivative used for induction of anesthesia. Its mechanism of action is not well understood, but ketamine can block NMDA receptors (RECEPTORS, N-METHYL-D-ASPARTATE) and may interact with sigma receptors.. ketamine : A member of the class of cyclohexanones in which one of the hydrogens at position 2 is substituted by a 2-chlorophenyl group, while the other is substituted by a methylamino group.		4.4260cyclohexanones;
monochlorobenzenes;
secondary amino compound		analgesic;
environmental contaminant;
intravenous anaesthetic;
neurotoxin;
NMDA receptor antagonist;
xenobiotic
ketanserin
Ketanserin: A selective serotonin receptor antagonist with weak adrenergic receptor blocking properties. The drug is effective in lowering blood pressure in essential hypertension. It also inhibits platelet aggregation. It is well tolerated and is particularly effective in older patients.. ketanserin : A member of the class of quinazolines that is quinazoline-2,4(1H,3H)-dione which is substituted at position 3 by a 2-[4-(p-fluorobenzoyl)piperidin-1-yl]ethyl group.		3.1650aromatic ketone;
organofluorine compound;
piperidines;
quinazolines		alpha-adrenergic antagonist;
antihypertensive agent;
cardiovascular drug;
EC 3.4.21.26 (prolyl oligopeptidase) inhibitor;
serotonergic antagonist
ketoconazole
1-acetyl-4-(4-{[2-(2,4-dichlorophenyl)-2-(1H-imidazol-1-ylmethyl)-1,3-dioxolan-4-yl]methoxy}phenyl)piperazine : A dioxolane that is 1,3-dioxolane which is substituted at positions 2, 2, and 4 by imidazol-1-ylmethyl, 2,4-dichlorophenyl, and [para-(4-acetylpiperazin-1-yl)phenoxy]methyl groups, respectively.		11.49425dichlorobenzene;
dioxolane;
ether;
imidazoles;
N-acylpiperazine;
N-arylpiperazine
ketoprofen
Ketoprofen: An IBUPROFEN-type anti-inflammatory analgesic and antipyretic. It is used in the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis and osteoarthritis.. ketoprofen : An oxo monocarboxylic acid that consists of propionic acid substituted by a 3-benzoylphenyl group at position 2.		4.85100benzophenones;
oxo monocarboxylic acid		antipyretic;
drug allergen;
EC 1.14.99.1 (prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase) inhibitor;
environmental contaminant;
non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug;
xenobiotic
ketorolac
Ketorolac: A pyrrolizine carboxylic acid derivative structurally related to INDOMETHACIN. It is an NSAID and is used principally for its analgesic activity. (From Martindale The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 31st ed). ketorolac : A racemate comprising equimolar amounts of (R)-(+)- and (S)-(-)-5-benzoyl-2,3-dihydro-1H-pyrrolizine-1-carboxylic acid. While only the (S)-(-) enantiomer is a COX1 and COX2 inhibitor, the (R)-(+) enantiomer exhibits potent analgesic activity. A non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug, ketorolac is mainly used (generally as the tromethamine salt) for its potent analgesic properties in the short-term management of post-operative pain, and in eye drops to relieve the ocular itching associated with seasonal allergic conjunctivitis. It was withdrawn from the market in many countries in 1993 following association with haemorrhage and renal failure.. 5-benzoyl-2,3-dihydro-1H-pyrrolizine-1-carboxylic acid : A member of the class of pyrrolizines that is 2,3-dihydro-1H-pyrrolizine which is substituted at positions 1 and 5 by carboxy and benzoyl groups, respectively.		4.0840amino acid;
aromatic ketone;
monocarboxylic acid;
pyrrolizines;
racemate		analgesic;
cyclooxygenase 1 inhibitor;
cyclooxygenase 2 inhibitor;
non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug
ketotifen
Ketotifen: A cycloheptathiophene blocker of histamine H1 receptors and release of inflammatory mediators. It has been proposed for the treatment of asthma, rhinitis, skin allergies, and anaphylaxis.. ketotifen : An organic heterotricyclic compound that is 4,9-dihydro-10H-benzo[4,5]cyclohepta[1,2-b]thiophen-10-one which is substituted at position 4 by a 1-methylpiperidin-4-ylidene group. A blocker of histamine H1 receptors with a stabilising action on mast cells, it is used (usually as its hydrogen fumarate salt) for the treatment of asthma, where it may take several weeks to exert its full effect.		3.1650cyclic ketone;
olefinic compound;
organic heterotricyclic compound;
organosulfur heterocyclic compound;
piperidines;
tertiary amino compound		anti-asthmatic drug;
H1-receptor antagonist
khellin
Khellin: A vasodilator that also has bronchodilatory action. It has been employed in the treatment of angina pectoris, in the treatment of asthma, and in conjunction with ultraviolet light A, has been tried in the treatment of vitiligo. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p1024). khellin : A furanochrome in which the basic tricyclic skeleton is substituted at positions 4 and 9 with methoxy groups and at position 7 with a methyl group. A major constituent of the plant Ammi visnaga it is a herbal folk medicine used for various illnesses, its main effect being as a vasodilator.		2.0510furanochromone;
organic heterotricyclic compound;
oxacycle		anti-asthmatic agent;
bronchodilator agent;
cardiovascular drug;
vasodilator agent
kynurenic acid
Kynurenic Acid: A broad-spectrum excitatory amino acid antagonist used as a research tool.. kynurenic acid : A quinolinemonocarboxylic acid that is quinoline-2-carboxylic acid substituted by a hydroxy group at C-4.		2.0310monohydroxyquinoline;
quinolinemonocarboxylic acid		G-protein-coupled receptor agonist;
human metabolite;
neuroprotective agent;
nicotinic antagonist;
NMDA receptor antagonist;
Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite
2-amino-3-phosphonopropionic acid
2-amino-3-phosphonopropionic acid: metabotropic glutamate receptor antagonist; do not confuse AP-3 used as an abbreviation for this with enhancer-binding protein AP-3 (a trans-activator) or clathrin assembly protein AP-3. 2-amino-3-phosphonopropanoic acid : A non-proteinogenc alpha-amino acid that is alanine in which one of the hydrogens of the terminal methyl group has been replaced by a dihydroxy(oxido)-lambda(5)-phosphanyl group.		2.0310alanine derivative;
non-proteinogenic alpha-amino acid;
phosphonic acids		human metabolite;
metabotropic glutamate receptor antagonist
labetalol
Labetalol: A salicylamide derivative that is a non-cardioselective blocker of BETA-ADRENERGIC RECEPTORS and ALPHA-1 ADRENERGIC RECEPTORS.. labetalol : A diastereoisomeric mixture of approximately equal amounts of all four possible stereoisomers ((R,S)-labetolol, (S,R)-labetolol, (S,S)-labetalol and (R,R)-labetalol). It is an adrenergic antagonist used to treat high blood pressure.. 2-hydroxy-5-{1-hydroxy-2-[(4-phenylbutan-2-yl)amino]ethyl}benzamide : A member of the class of benzamides that is benzamide substituted by a hydroxy group at position 2 and by a 1-hydroxy-2-[(4-phenylbutan-2-yl)amino]ethyl group at position 5.		5.1130benzamides;
benzenes;
phenols;
primary carboxamide;
salicylamides;
secondary alcohol;
secondary amino compound
lamotrigine
[no description available]		4.65801,2,4-triazines;
dichlorobenzene;
primary arylamine		anticonvulsant;
antidepressant;
antimanic drug;
calcium channel blocker;
EC 3.4.21.26 (prolyl oligopeptidase) inhibitor;
environmental contaminant;
excitatory amino acid antagonist;
geroprotector;
non-narcotic analgesic;
xenobiotic
lansoprazole
Lansoprazole: A 2,2,2-trifluoroethoxypyridyl derivative of timoprazole that is used in the therapy of STOMACH ULCERS and ZOLLINGER-ELLISON SYNDROME. The drug inhibits H(+)-K(+)-EXCHANGING ATPASE which is found in GASTRIC PARIETAL CELLS. Lansoprazole is a racemic mixture of (R)- and (S)-isomers.		5.1130benzimidazoles;
pyridines;
sulfoxide		anti-ulcer drug;
EC 3.6.3.10 (H(+)/K(+)-exchanging ATPase) inhibitor
beta-lapachone
beta-lapachone: antineoplastic inhibitor of reverse transcriptase, DNA topoisomerase, and DNA polymerase. beta-lapachone : A benzochromenone that is 3,4-dihydro-2H-benzo[h]chromene-5,6-dione substituted by geminal methyl groups at position 2. Isolated from Tabebuia avellanedae, it exhibits antineoplastic and anti-inflammatory activities.		2.7430benzochromenone;
orthoquinones		anti-inflammatory agent;
antineoplastic agent;
plant metabolite
leflunomide
Leflunomide: An isoxazole derivative that inhibits dihydroorotate dehydrogenase, the fourth enzyme in the pyrimidine biosynthetic pathway. It is used an immunosuppressive agent in the treatment of RHEUMATOID ARTHRITIS and PSORIATIC ARTHRITIS.. leflunomide : A monocarboxylic acid amide obtained by formal condensation of the carboxy group of 5-methyl-1,2-oxazole-4-carboxylic acid with the anilino group of 4-(trifluoromethyl)aniline. The prodrug of teriflunomide.		4.95110(trifluoromethyl)benzenes;
isoxazoles;
monocarboxylic acid amide		antineoplastic agent;
antiparasitic agent;
EC 1.3.98.1 [dihydroorotate oxidase (fumarate)] inhibitor;
EC 3.1.3.16 (phosphoprotein phosphatase) inhibitor;
hepatotoxic agent;
immunosuppressive agent;
non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug;
prodrug;
pyrimidine synthesis inhibitor;
tyrosine kinase inhibitor
letrozole
[no description available]		6.34110nitrile;
triazoles		antineoplastic agent;
EC 1.14.14.14 (aromatase) inhibitor
linopirdine
linopirdine: acetylcholine releasing drug		2.4420indoles
lofepramine
Lofepramine: A psychotropic IMIPRAMINE derivative that acts as a tricyclic antidepressant and possesses few anticholinergic properties. It is metabolized to DESIPRAMINE.		2.7630aromatic ketone;
dibenzoazepine;
monochlorobenzenes;
tertiary amino compound		antidepressant
lomefloxacin
lomefloxacin: structure given in first source. lomefloxacin : A fluoroquinolone antibiotic, used (generally as the hydrochloride salt) to treat bacterial infections including bronchitis and urinary tract infections. It is also used to prevent urinary tract infections prior to surgery.		3.5620fluoroquinolone antibiotic;
N-arylpiperazine;
quinolinemonocarboxylic acid;
quinolone antibiotic;
quinolone		antimicrobial agent;
antitubercular agent;
photosensitizing agent
lomustine
[no description available]		4.2650N-nitrosoureas;
organochlorine compound		alkylating agent;
antineoplastic agent
loperamide
Loperamide: One of the long-acting synthetic ANTIDIARRHEALS; it is not significantly absorbed from the gut, and has no effect on the adrenergic system or central nervous system, but may antagonize histamine and interfere with acetylcholine release locally.. loperamide : A synthetic piperidine derivative, effective against diarrhoea resulting from gastroenteritis or inflammatory bowel disease.		4.5470monocarboxylic acid amide;
monochlorobenzenes;
piperidines;
tertiary alcohol		anticoronaviral agent;
antidiarrhoeal drug;
mu-opioid receptor agonist
loratadine
Loratadine: A second-generation histamine H1 receptor antagonist used in the treatment of allergic rhinitis and urticaria. Unlike most classical antihistamines (HISTAMINE H1 ANTAGONISTS) it lacks central nervous system depressing effects such as drowsiness.. loratadine : A benzocycloheptapyridine that is 6,11-dihydro-5H-benzo[5,6]cyclohepta[1,2-b]pyridine substituted by a chloro group at position 8 and a 1-(ethoxycarbonyl)piperidin-4-ylidene group at position 11. It is a H1-receptor antagonist commonly employed in the treatment of allergic disorders.		4.7690benzocycloheptapyridine;
ethyl ester;
N-acylpiperidine;
organochlorine compound;
tertiary carboxamide		anti-allergic agent;
cholinergic antagonist;
geroprotector;
H1-receptor antagonist
lorazepam
Lorazepam: A benzodiazepine used as an anti-anxiety agent with few side effects. It also has hypnotic, anticonvulsant, and considerable sedative properties and has been proposed as a preanesthetic agent.		3.5920benzodiazepine
losartan
Losartan: An antagonist of ANGIOTENSIN TYPE 1 RECEPTOR with antihypertensive activity due to the reduced pressor effect of ANGIOTENSIN II.. losartan : A biphenylyltetrazole where a 1,1'-biphenyl group is attached at the 5-position and has an additional trisubstituted imidazol-1-ylmethyl group at the 4'-position		4.7790biphenylyltetrazole;
imidazoles		angiotensin receptor antagonist;
anti-arrhythmia drug;
antihypertensive agent;
endothelin receptor antagonist
loxapine
Loxapine: An antipsychotic agent used in SCHIZOPHRENIA.		3.8530dibenzooxazepineantipsychotic agent;
dopaminergic antagonist
loxoprofen
loxoprofen: RN given refers to parent cpd without isomeric designation; structure in first source. loxoprofen : A monocarboxylic acid that is propionic acid in which one of the hydrogens at position 2 is substituted by a 4-[(2-oxocyclopentyl)methyl]phenyl group. A prodrug that is rapidly converted into its active trans-alcohol metabolite following oral administration.		2.0310cyclopentanones;
monocarboxylic acid		antipyretic;
EC 1.14.99.1 (prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase) inhibitor;
non-narcotic analgesic;
non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug;
prodrug
ly 171883
LY 171883: structure in first source; leukotriene receptor antagonist. tomelukast : A member of the class of acetophenones that is 1-phenylethanone substituted at position 2 by a hydroxy group, a propyl group at position 3 and a 4-(1H-tetrazol-5-yl)butoxy group at position 4. A leukotriene antagonist, it exhibits anti-asthmatic activity.		2.0710acetophenones;
aromatic ether;
phenols;
tetrazoles		anti-asthmatic drug;
leukotriene antagonist
2-(4-morpholinyl)-8-phenyl-4h-1-benzopyran-4-one
2-(4-morpholinyl)-8-phenyl-4H-1-benzopyran-4-one: specific inhibitor of phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase; structure in first source		3.2760chromones;
morpholines;
organochlorine compound		autophagy inhibitor;
EC 2.7.1.137 (phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase) inhibitor;
geroprotector
malathion
Malathion: A wide spectrum aliphatic organophosphate insecticide widely used for both domestic and commercial agricultural purposes.. malathion : A racemate comprising equimolar amounts of (R) and (S)-malathion. It is a broad spectrum organophosphate proinsecticide used to control a wide range of pests including Coleoptera, Diptera, fruit flies, mosquitos and spider mites.. diethyl 2-[(dimethoxyphosphorothioyl)thio]succinate : A diester that is diethyl succinate in which position 2 is substituted by a (dimethoxyphosphorothioyl)thio group.		2.0510diester;
ethyl ester;
organic thiophosphate
diisopropyl 1,3-dithiol-2-ylidenemalonate
diisopropyl 1,3-dithiol-2-ylidenemalonate: structure in first source		2.0510isopropyl ester
maprotiline
Maprotiline: A bridged-ring tetracyclic antidepressant that is both mechanistically and functionally similar to the tricyclic antidepressants, including side effects associated with its use.		5.1130anthracenes
mazindol
Mazindol: Tricyclic anorexigenic agent unrelated to and less toxic than AMPHETAMINE, but with some similar side effects. It inhibits uptake of catecholamines and blocks the binding of cocaine to the dopamine uptake transporter.		2.4620organic molecular entity
mebendazole
Mebendazole: A benzimidazole that acts by interfering with CARBOHYDRATE METABOLISM and inhibiting polymerization of MICROTUBULES.. mebendazole : A carbamate ester that is methyl 1H-benzimidazol-2-ylcarbamate substituted by a benzoyl group at position 5.		4.6580aromatic ketone;
benzimidazoles;
carbamate ester		antinematodal drug;
microtubule-destabilising agent;
tubulin modulator
mecamylamine
Mecamylamine: A nicotinic antagonist that is well absorbed from the gastrointestinal tract and crosses the blood-brain barrier. Mecamylamine has been used as a ganglionic blocker in treating hypertension, but, like most ganglionic blockers, is more often used now as a research tool.		3.620primary aliphatic amine
mechlorethamine
nitrogen mustard : Compounds having two beta-haloalkyl groups bound to a nitrogen atom, as in (X-CH2-CH2)2NR.		3.8630nitrogen mustard;
organochlorine compound		alkylating agent
meclizine
Meclizine: A histamine H1 antagonist used in the treatment of motion sickness, vertigo, and nausea during pregnancy and radiation sickness.		4.4260diarylmethane
meclofenamic acid
Meclofenamic Acid: A non-steroidal anti-inflammatory agent with antipyretic and antigranulation activities. It also inhibits prostaglandin biosynthesis.. meclofenamic acid : An aminobenzoic acid that is anthranilic acid in which one of the hydrogens attached to the nitrogen is replaced by a 2,6-dichloro-3-methylphenyl group. A non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug, it is used as the sodium salt for the treatment of dysmenorrhoea (painful periods), osteoarthritis and rheumatoid arthritis.		3.8530aminobenzoic acid;
organochlorine compound;
secondary amino compound		analgesic;
anticonvulsant;
antineoplastic agent;
antipyretic;
antirheumatic drug;
EC 1.13.11.34 (arachidonate 5-lipoxygenase) inhibitor;
EC 1.14.99.1 (prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase) inhibitor;
non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug
meclofenamate sodium anhydrous
[no description available]		2.7430organic sodium salt
meclofenoxate
Meclofenoxate: An ester of DIMETHYLAMINOETHANOL and para-chlorophenoxyacetic acid.		2.0510monocarboxylic acid
mefenamic acid
Mefenamic Acid: A non-steroidal anti-inflammatory agent with analgesic, anti-inflammatory, and antipyretic properties. It is an inhibitor of cyclooxygenase.. mefenamic acid : An aminobenzoic acid that is anthranilic acid in which one of the hydrogens attached to the nitrogen is replaced by a 2,3-dimethylphenyl group. Although classed as a non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug, its anti-inflammatory properties are considered to be minor. It is used to relieve mild to moderate pain, including headaches, dental pain, osteoarthritis and rheumatoid arthritis.		4.7690aminobenzoic acid;
secondary amino compound		analgesic;
antipyretic;
antirheumatic drug;
EC 1.14.99.1 (prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase) inhibitor;
environmental contaminant;
non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug;
xenobiotic
mefloquine hydrochloride
[2,8-bis(trifluoromethyl)quinolin-4-yl]-(2-piperidyl)methanol : An organofluorine compound that consists of quinoline bearing trifluoromethyl substituents at positions 2 and 8 as well as a (2-piperidinyl)hydroxymethyl substituent at position 4.		2.4420organofluorine compound;
piperidines;
quinolines;
secondary alcohol
memantine
[no description available]		4.4160adamantanes;
primary aliphatic amine		antidepressant;
antiparkinson drug;
dopaminergic agent;
neuroprotective agent;
NMDA receptor antagonist
vitamin k 3
Vitamin K 3: A synthetic naphthoquinone without the isoprenoid side chain and biological activity, but can be converted to active vitamin K2, menaquinone, after alkylation in vivo.		2.97401,4-naphthoquinones;
vitamin K		angiogenesis inhibitor;
antineoplastic agent;
EC 3.4.22.69 (SARS coronavirus main proteinase) inhibitor;
human urinary metabolite;
nutraceutical
mepenzolate
mepenzolic acid: anticholinergic, antispasmodic agent; RN given refers to parent cpd; structure		3.2310diarylmethane
meperidine
Meperidine: A narcotic analgesic that can be used for the relief of most types of moderate to severe pain, including postoperative pain and the pain of labor. Prolonged use may lead to dependence of the morphine type; withdrawal symptoms appear more rapidly than with morphine and are of shorter duration.. pethidine : A piperidinecarboxylate ester that is piperidine which is substituted by a methyl group at position 1 and by phenyl and ethoxycarbonyl groups at position 4. It is an analgesic which is used for the treatment of moderate to severe pain, including postoperative pain and labour pain.		3.8730ethyl ester;
piperidinecarboxylate ester;
tertiary amino compound		antispasmodic drug;
kappa-opioid receptor agonist;
mu-opioid receptor agonist;
opioid analgesic
mephenesin
Mephenesin: A centrally acting muscle relaxant with a short duration of action.. 1-(2-methylphenyl)glycerol : A glycerol ether in which a single 2-methylphenyl group is attached at position 1 of glycerol via an ether linkage.		2.0710aromatic ether;
glycerol ether
mephenytoin
Mephenytoin: An anticonvulsant effective in tonic-clonic epilepsy (EPILEPSY, TONIC-CLONIC). It may cause blood dyscrasias.. mephenytoin : An imidazolidine-2,4-dione (hydantoin) in which the imidazolidine nucleus carries a methyl group at N-3 and has ethyl and phenyl substituents at C-5. An anticonvulsant, it is no longer available in the USA or the UK but is still studied largely because of its interesting hydroxylation polymorphism.		4.4260imidazolidine-2,4-dioneanticonvulsant
mepivacaine
Mepivacaine: A local anesthetic that is chemically related to BUPIVACAINE but pharmacologically related to LIDOCAINE. It is indicated for infiltration, nerve block, and epidural anesthesia. Mepivacaine is effective topically only in large doses and therefore should not be used by this route. (From AMA Drug Evaluations, 1994, p168). mepivacaine : A piperidinecarboxamide in which N-methylpipecolic acid and 2,6-dimethylaniline have combined to form the amide bond. It is used as a local amide-type anaesthetic.		4.0840piperidinecarboxamidedrug allergen;
local anaesthetic
meprobamate
Meprobamate: A carbamate with hypnotic, sedative, and some muscle relaxant properties, although in therapeutic doses reduction of anxiety rather than a direct effect may be responsible for muscle relaxation. Meprobamate has been reported to have anticonvulsant actions against petit mal seizures, but not against grand mal seizures (which may be exacerbated). It is used in the treatment of ANXIETY DISORDERS, and also for the short-term management of INSOMNIA but has largely been superseded by the BENZODIAZEPINES. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p603)		4.2650organic molecular entity
benzoic acid [2-methyl-2-(propylamino)propyl] ester
[no description available]		2.0710benzoate ester
mesalamine
Mesalamine: An anti-inflammatory agent, structurally related to the SALICYLATES, which is active in INFLAMMATORY BOWEL DISEASE. It is considered to be the active moiety of SULPHASALAZINE. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed). mesalamine : A monohydroxybenzoic acid that is salicylic acid substituted by an amino group at the 5-position.		4.460amino acid;
aromatic amine;
monocarboxylic acid;
monohydroxybenzoic acid;
phenols		non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug
mesoridazine
Mesoridazine: A phenothiazine antipsychotic with effects similar to CHLORPROMAZINE.. mesoridazine : A phenothiazine substituted at position 2 (para to the S atom) by a methylsulfinyl group, and on the nitrogen by a 2-(1-methylpiperidin-2-yl)ethyl group.		3.5920phenothiazines;
sulfoxide;
tertiary amino compound		dopaminergic antagonist;
first generation antipsychotic
metaproterenol
Metaproterenol: A beta-2 adrenergic agonist used in the treatment of ASTHMA and BRONCHIAL SPASM.. orciprenaline : A racemate composed of equimolar amounts of (R)- and (S)-orciprenaline. Used (as its sulfate salt) to relax the airway muscles and improve breathing for patients suffering from asthma or bronchitis.. 5-[1-hydroxy-2-(isopropanylamino)ethyl]benzene-1,3-diol : A member of the class of resorcinols bearing an additional 1-hydroxy-2-(isopropanylamino)ethyl substituent at position 5 of resorcinol itself.		4.2850aralkylamino compound;
phenylethanolamines;
resorcinols;
secondary alcohol;
secondary amino compound
metformin
Metformin: A biguanide hypoglycemic agent used in the treatment of non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus not responding to dietary modification. Metformin improves glycemic control by improving insulin sensitivity and decreasing intestinal absorption of glucose. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p289). metformin : A member of the class of guanidines that is biguanide the carrying two methyl substituents at position 1.		15.255926guanidinesenvironmental contaminant;
geroprotector;
hypoglycemic agent;
xenobiotic
methadone
Methadone: A synthetic opioid that is used as the hydrochloride. It is an opioid analgesic that is primarily a mu-opioid agonist. It has actions and uses similar to those of MORPHINE. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p1082-3). methadone : A racemate comprising equimolar amounts of dextromethadone and levomethadone. It is a opioid analgesic which is used as a painkiller and as a substitute for heroin in the treatment of heroin addiction.. 6-(dimethylamino)-4,4-diphenylheptan-3-one : A ketone that is heptan-3-one substituted by a dimethylamino group at position 6 and two phenyl groups at position 4.		4.0440benzenes;
diarylmethane;
ketone;
tertiary amino compound
methapyrilene
Methapyrilene: Histamine H1 antagonist with sedative action used as a hypnotic and in allergies.. methapyrilene : A member of the class of ethylenediamine derivatives that is ethylenediamine in which one of the nitrogens is substituted by two methyl groups, and the other nitrogen is substituted by a 2-pyridyl group and a (2-thienyl)methyl group.		3.1650ethylenediamine derivativeanti-allergic agent;
carcinogenic agent;
H1-receptor antagonist;
sedative
methazolamide
Methazolamide: A carbonic anhydrase inhibitor that is used as a diuretic and in the treatment of glaucoma.		3.2310sulfonamide;
thiadiazoles
methiothepin
Methiothepin: A serotonin receptor antagonist in the CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM used as an antipsychotic.. methiothepin : A dibenzothiepine that is 10,11-dihydrodibenzo[b,f]thiepine bearing additional methylthio and 4-methylpiperazin-1-yl substituents at positions 8 and 10 respectively. Potent 5-HT2 antagonist, also active as 5-HT1 antagonist. Differentiates 5-HT1D sub-types. Also displays affinity for rodent 5-HT5B, 5-HT5A, 5-HT7 and 5-HT6 receptors (pK1 values are 6.6, 7.0, 8.4 and 8.7 respectively).		2.0310aryl sulfide;
dibenzothiepine;
N-alkylpiperazine;
tertiary amino compound		antipsychotic agent;
dopaminergic antagonist;
geroprotector;
serotonergic antagonist
methocarbamol
Methocarbamol: A centrally acting muscle relaxant whose mode of action has not been established. It is used as an adjunct in the symptomatic treatment of musculoskeletal conditions associated with painful muscle spasm. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p1206). methocarbamol : A racemate comprising equimolar amounts of (R)- and (S)-methocarbamol. A centrally acting skeletal muscle relaxant, it is used as an adjunct in the short-term symptomatic treatment of painful muscle spasm. The (R)-enantiomer is more active than the (S)-enantiomer.. 2-hydroxy-3-(2-methoxyphenoxy)propyl carbamate : A carbamate ester that is glycerol in which one of the primary alcohol groups has been converted to its 2-methoxyphenyl ether while the other has been converted to the corresponding carbamate ester.		3.8830aromatic ether;
carbamate ester;
secondary alcohol
methoctramine
[no description available]		2.0310aromatic ether;
tetramine		muscarinic antagonist
methoxyamine
methoxyamine: analytical reagent for aldehydes and ketones; strong irritant, can probably produce methemoglobinemia; RN given refers to parent cpd; structure		2.0510organooxygen compound
methoxsalen
Methoxsalen: A naturally occurring furocoumarin compound found in several species of plants, including Psoralea corylifolia. It is a photoactive substance that forms DNA ADDUCTS in the presence of ultraviolet A irradiation.. methoxsalen : A member of the class of psoralens that is 7H-furo[3,2-g]chromen-7-one in which the 9 position is substituted by a methoxy group. It is a constituent of the fruits of Ammi majus. Like other psoralens, trioxsalen causes photosensitization of the skin. It is administered topically or orally in conjunction with UV-A for phototherapy treatment of vitiligo and severe psoriasis.		3.8730aromatic ether;
psoralens		antineoplastic agent;
cross-linking reagent;
dermatologic drug;
photosensitizing agent;
plant metabolite
methoxychlor
Methoxychlor: An insecticide. Methoxychlor has estrogenic effects in mammals, among other effects.		4.871organochlorine insecticide
methoxyflurane
Methoxyflurane: An inhalation anesthetic. Currently, methoxyflurane is rarely used for surgical, obstetric, or dental anesthesia. If so employed, it should be administered with NITROUS OXIDE to achieve a relatively light level of anesthesia, and a neuromuscular blocking agent given concurrently to obtain the desired degree of muscular relaxation. (From AMA Drug Evaluations Annual, 1994, p180). methoxyflurane : An ether in which the two groups attached to the central oxygen atom are methyl and 2,2-dichloro-1,1-difluoroethyl.		2.7430ether;
organochlorine compound;
organofluorine compound		hepatotoxic agent;
inhalation anaesthetic;
nephrotoxic agent;
non-narcotic analgesic
methyclothiazide
Methyclothiazide: A thiazide diuretic with properties similar to those of HYDROCHLOROTHIAZIDE. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p825)		3.5820benzothiadiazine
nocodazole
[no description available]		2.9640aromatic ketone;
benzimidazoles;
carbamate ester;
thiophenes		antimitotic;
antineoplastic agent;
microtubule-destabilising agent;
tubulin modulator
methyl salicylate
methyl salicylate: used in over-the-counter liniments, ointments, lotions for relief of musculoskeletal aches and pains; has hemolytic effect on human & sheep erythrocytes; RN given refers to parent cpd; structure in Merck Index, 9th ed, #5990. methyl salicylate : A benzoate ester that is the methyl ester of salicylic acid.		2.4520benzoate ester;
methyl ester;
salicylates		flavouring agent;
insect attractant;
metabolite
3-Hydroxy-alpha-methyl-DL-tyrosine
[no description available]		2.0310benzenes;
monocarboxylic acid
methylphenidate
Methylphenidate: A central nervous system stimulant used most commonly in the treatment of ATTENTION DEFICIT DISORDER in children and for NARCOLEPSY. Its mechanisms appear to be similar to those of DEXTROAMPHETAMINE. The d-isomer of this drug is referred to as DEXMETHYLPHENIDATE HYDROCHLORIDE.. methylphenidate : A racemate comprising equimolar amounts of the two threo isomers of methyl phenyl(piperidin-2-yl)acetate. A central stimulant and indirect-acting sympathomimetic, is used (generally as the hydrochloride salt) in the treatment of hyperactivity disorders in children and for the treatment of narcolepsy.. methyl phenyl(piperidin-2-yl)acetate : A amino acid ester that is methyl phenylacetate in which one of the hydrogens alpha to the carbonyl group is replaced by a piperidin-2-yl group.		4.4160beta-amino acid ester;
methyl ester;
piperidines
methyprylon
methyprylon: was heading 1973-94 (see under HYPNOTICS AND SEDATIVES 1963-72); use PIPERIDONES to search METHYPRYLON 1973-94		2.0510organic molecular entity
metoclopramide
Metoclopramide: A dopamine D2 antagonist that is used as an antiemetic.. metoclopramide : A member of the class of benzamides resulting from the formal condensation of 4-amino-5-chloro-2-methoxybenzoic acid with the primary amino group of N,N-diethylethane-1,2-diamine.		4.6680benzamides;
monochlorobenzenes;
substituted aniline;
tertiary amino compound		antiemetic;
dopaminergic antagonist;
environmental contaminant;
gastrointestinal drug;
xenobiotic
metolazone
Metolazone: A quinazoline-sulfonamide derived DIURETIC that functions by inhibiting SODIUM CHLORIDE SYMPORTERS.. metolazone : A quinazoline that consists of 1,2,3,4-tetrahydroquinazolin-4-one bearing additional methyl, 2-tolyl, sulfamyl and chloro substituents at positions 2, 3, 6 and 7 respectively. A quinazoline diuretic, with properties similar to thiazide diuretics.		4.2550organochlorine compound;
quinazolines;
sulfonamide		antihypertensive agent;
diuretic;
ion transport inhibitor
metoprolol
Metoprolol: A selective adrenergic beta-1 blocking agent that is commonly used to treat ANGINA PECTORIS; HYPERTENSION; and CARDIAC ARRHYTHMIAS.. metoprolol : A propanolamine that is 1-(propan-2-ylamino)propan-2-ol substituted by a 4-(2-methoxyethyl)phenoxy group at position 1.		5.1130aromatic ether;
propanolamine;
secondary alcohol;
secondary amino compound		antihypertensive agent;
beta-adrenergic antagonist;
environmental contaminant;
geroprotector;
xenobiotic
metronidazole
Metronidazole: A nitroimidazole used to treat AMEBIASIS; VAGINITIS; TRICHOMONAS INFECTIONS; GIARDIASIS; ANAEROBIC BACTERIA; and TREPONEMAL INFECTIONS.. metronidazole : A member of the class of imidazoles substituted at C-1, -2 and -5 with 2-hydroxyethyl, nitro and methyl groups respectively. It has activity against anaerobic bacteria and protozoa, and has a radiosensitising effect on hypoxic tumour cells. It may be given by mouth in tablets, or as the benzoate in an oral suspension. The hydrochloride salt can be used in intravenous infusions. Metronidazole is a prodrug and is selective for anaerobic bacteria due to their ability to intracellularly reduce the nitro group of metronidazole to give nitroso-containing intermediates. These can covalently bind to DNA, disrupting its helical structure, inducing DNA strand breaks and inhibiting bacterial nucleic acid synthesis, ultimately resulting in bacterial cell death.		4.86100C-nitro compound;
imidazoles;
primary alcohol		antiamoebic agent;
antibacterial drug;
antimicrobial agent;
antiparasitic agent;
antitrichomonal drug;
environmental contaminant;
prodrug;
radiosensitizing agent;
xenobiotic
metyrapone
Metyrapone: An inhibitor of the enzyme STEROID 11-BETA-MONOOXYGENASE. It is used as a test of the feedback hypothalamic-pituitary mechanism in the diagnosis of CUSHING SYNDROME.. metyrapone : An aromatic ketone that is 3,3-dimethylbutan-2-one in which the methyl groups at positions 1 and 4 are replaced by pyridin-3-yl groups. A steroid 11beta-monooxygenase (EC 1.14.15.4) inhibitor, it is used in the diagnosis of adrenal insufficiency.		4.0940aromatic ketoneantimetabolite;
diagnostic agent;
EC 1.14.15.4 (steroid 11beta-monooxygenase) inhibitor
mexiletine
Mexiletine: Antiarrhythmic agent pharmacologically similar to LIDOCAINE. It may have some anticonvulsant properties.. mexiletine : An aromatic ether which is 2,6-dimethylphenyl ether of 2-aminopropan-1-ol.		4.6680aromatic ether;
primary amino compound		anti-arrhythmia drug
mianserin
Mianserin: A tetracyclic compound with antidepressant effects. It may cause drowsiness and hematological problems. Its mechanism of therapeutic action is not well understood, although it apparently blocks alpha-adrenergic, histamine H1, and some types of serotonin receptors.. mianserin : A dibenzoazepine (specifically 1,2,3,4,10,14b-hexahydrodibenzo[c,f]pyrazino[1,2-a]azepine) methyl-substituted on N-2. Closely related to (and now mostly superseded by) the tetracyclic antidepressant mirtazapinean, it is an atypical antidepressant used in the treatment of depression throughout Europe and elsewhere.		3.5580dibenzoazepineadrenergic uptake inhibitor;
alpha-adrenergic antagonist;
antidepressant;
EC 3.4.21.26 (prolyl oligopeptidase) inhibitor;
geroprotector;
H1-receptor antagonist;
histamine agonist;
sedative;
serotonergic antagonist
miconazole
Miconazole: An imidazole antifungal agent that is used topically and by intravenous infusion.. 1-[2-(2,4-dichlorobenzyloxy)-2-(2,4-dichlorophenyl)ethyl]imidazole : A member of the class of imidazoles that is 1-(2,4-dichlorophenyl)-2-(imidazol-1-yl)ethanol in which the hydroxyl hydrogen is replaced by a 2,4-dichlorobenzyl group.. miconazole : A racemate composed of equimolar amounts of (R)- and (S)-miconazole. Used (as its nitrate salt) to treat skin infections such as athlete's foot, jock itch, ringworm and other fungal skin infections. It inhibits the synthesis of ergosterol, a critical component of fungal cell membranes.		3.1450dichlorobenzene;
ether;
imidazoles
midazolam
Midazolam: A short-acting hypnotic-sedative drug with anxiolytic and amnestic properties. It is used in dentistry, cardiac surgery, endoscopic procedures, as preanesthetic medication, and as an adjunct to local anesthesia. The short duration and cardiorespiratory stability makes it useful in poor-risk, elderly, and cardiac patients. It is water-soluble at pH less than 4 and lipid-soluble at physiological pH.. midazolam : An imidazobenzodiazepine that is 4H-imidazo[1,5-a][1,4]benzodiazepine which is substituted by a methyl, 2-fluorophenyl and chloro groups at positions 1, 6 and 8, respectively.		4.6780imidazobenzodiazepine;
monofluorobenzenes;
organochlorine compound		anticonvulsant;
antineoplastic agent;
anxiolytic drug;
apoptosis inducer;
central nervous system depressant;
GABAA receptor agonist;
general anaesthetic;
muscle relaxant;
sedative
midodrine
Midodrine: An ethanolamine derivative that is an adrenergic alpha-1 agonist. It is used as a vasoconstrictor agent in the treatment of HYPOTENSION.. midodrine : An aromatic ether that is 1,4-dimethoxybenzene which is substituted at position 2 by a 2-(glycylamino)-1-hydroxyethyl group. A direct-acting sympathomimetic with selective alpha-adrenergic agonist activity, it is used (generally as its hydrochloride salt) as a peripheral vasoconstrictor in the treatment of certain hypotensive states. The main active moiety is its major metabolite, deglymidodrine.		3.8530amino acid amide;
aromatic ether;
secondary alcohol		alpha-adrenergic agonist;
prodrug;
sympathomimetic agent;
vasoconstrictor agent
milrinone
[no description available]		3.5720bipyridines;
nitrile;
pyridone		cardiotonic drug;
EC 3.1.4.17 (3',5'-cyclic-nucleotide phosphodiesterase) inhibitor;
platelet aggregation inhibitor;
vasodilator agent
minoxidil
Minoxidil: A potent direct-acting peripheral vasodilator (VASODILATOR AGENTS) that reduces peripheral resistance and produces a fall in BLOOD PRESSURE. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p371). minoxidil : A pyrimidine N-oxide that is pyrimidine-2,4-diamine 3-oxide substituted by a piperidin-1-yl group at position 6.		13.71161dialkylarylamine;
tertiary amino compound
mirtazapine
Mirtazapine: A piperazinoazepine tetracyclic compound that enhances the release of NOREPINEPHRINE and SEROTONIN through blockage of presynaptic ALPHA-2 ADRENERGIC RECEPTORS. It also blocks both 5-HT2 and 5-HT3 serotonin receptors and is a potent HISTAMINE H1 RECEPTOR antagonist. It is used for the treatment of depression, and may also be useful for the treatment of anxiety disorders.		4.0840benzazepine;
tetracyclic antidepressant		alpha-adrenergic antagonist;
anxiolytic drug;
H1-receptor antagonist;
histamine antagonist;
oneirogen;
serotonergic antagonist
mitotane
Mitotane: A derivative of the insecticide DICHLORODIPHENYLDICHLOROETHANE that specifically inhibits cells of the adrenal cortex and their production of hormones. It is used to treat adrenocortical tumors and causes CNS damage, but no bone marrow depression.		4.0840diarylmethane
mitoxantrone
Mitoxantrone: An anthracenedione-derived antineoplastic agent.. mitoxantrone : A dihydroxyanthraquinone that is 1,4-dihydroxy-9,10-anthraquinone which is substituted by 6-hydroxy-1,4-diazahexyl groups at positions 5 and 8.		6.23101dihydroxyanthraquinoneanalgesic;
antineoplastic agent
ml 7
ML-7 : An N-sulfonyldiazepane resullting from the formal condensation of 5-iodo-1-naphthylsulfonic acid with one of the nitrogens of 1,4-diazepane. It is a selective inhibitor of myosin light chain kinase (EC 2.7.11.18).		2.4420N-sulfonyldiazepane;
organoiodine compound		EC 2.7.11.18 (myosin-light-chain kinase) inhibitor
ml 9
[no description available]		2.0510naphthalenes;
sulfonic acid derivative
moclobemide
Moclobemide: A reversible inhibitor of monoamine oxidase type A; (RIMA); (see MONOAMINE OXIDASE INHIBITORS) that has antidepressive properties.. moclobemide : A member of the class of benzamides that is benzamide substituted by a chloro group at position 4 and a 2-(morpholin-4-yl)ethyl group at the nitrogen atom. It acts as a reversible monoamine oxidase inhibitor and is used in the treatment of depression.		2.9840benzamides;
monochlorobenzenes;
morpholines		antidepressant;
environmental contaminant;
xenobiotic
modafinil
Modafinil: A benzhydryl acetamide compound, central nervous system stimulant, and CYP3A4 inducing agent that is used in the treatment of NARCOLEPSY and SLEEP WAKE DISORDERS.. modafinil : A racemate comprising equimolar amounts of armodafinil and (S)-modafinil. A central nervous system stimulant, it is used for the treatment of sleeping disorders such as narcolepsy, obstructive sleep apnoea, and shift-work sleep disorder. The optical enantiomers of modafinil have similar pharmacological actions in animals.. 2-[(diphenylmethyl)sulfinyl]acetamide : A sulfoxide that is dimethylsulfoxide in which two hydrogens attached to one of the methyl groups are replaced by phenyl groups, while one hydrogen attached to the other methyl group is replaced by a carbamoyl (aminocarbonyl) group.		3.8730monocarboxylic acid amide;
sulfoxide
moxisylyte
Moxisylyte: An alpha-adrenergic blocking agent that is used in Raynaud's disease. It is also used locally in the eye to reverse the mydriasis caused by phenylephrine and other sympathomimetic agents. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p1312)		3.8730monoterpenoid
entinostat
[no description available]		2.0510benzamides;
carbamate ester;
primary amino compound;
pyridines;
substituted aniline		antineoplastic agent;
apoptosis inducer;
EC 3.5.1.98 (histone deacetylase) inhibitor
deet
N,N-diethyl-m-toluamide : A monocarboxylic acid amide resulting from the formal condensation of the carboxy group of m-toluic acid with the nitrogen of diethylamine. First developed by the U.S. Army in 1946 for use by military personnel in insect-infested areas, it is the most widely used insect repellent worldwide.		2.0510benzamides;
monocarboxylic acid amide		environmental contaminant;
insect repellent;
xenobiotic
n-(4-aminobutyl)-5-chloro-2-naphthalenesulfonamide
N-(4-aminobutyl)-5-chloro-2-naphthalenesulfonamide: calmodulin antagonist; structure given in first source. N-(4-aminobutyl)-5-chloronaphthalene-2-sulfonamide : A sulfonamide that is 5-chloronaphthalene-2-sulfonamide in which one of the hydrogens of the nitrogen atom is substituted by a 4-aminobutyl group.		2.0310naphthalenes;
organochlorine compound;
primary amino compound;
sulfonamide
acecainide
Acecainide: A major metabolite of PROCAINAMIDE. Its anti-arrhythmic action may cause cardiac toxicity in kidney failure.. N-acetylprocainamide : A benzamide obtained via formal condensation of 4-acetamidobenzoic acid and 2-(diethylamino)ethylamine.		2.9840acetamides;
benzamides		anti-arrhythmia drug
n-bromoacetamide
[no description available]		2.0310
ethylmaleimide
Ethylmaleimide: A sulfhydryl reagent that is widely used in experimental biochemical studies.		2.0310maleimidesanticoronaviral agent;
EC 1.3.1.8 [acyl-CoA dehydrogenase (NADP(+))] inhibitor;
EC 2.1.1.122 [(S)-tetrahydroprotoberberine N-methyltransferase] inhibitor;
EC 2.7.1.1 (hexokinase) inhibitor
fg 7142
FG 7142: benzodiazepine receptor agonist		2.4420beta-carbolines
clorgyline
Clorgyline: An antidepressive agent and monoamine oxidase inhibitor related to PARGYLINE.. clorgyline : An aromatic ether that is the 2,4-dichlorophenyl ether of 3-aminopropan-1-ol in which the nitrogen is substituted by a methyl group and a prop-1-yn-3-yl group. A monoamine oxidase inhibitor, it was formerly used as an antidepressant.		2.0410aromatic ether;
dichlorobenzene;
terminal acetylenic compound;
tertiary amino compound		antidepressant;
EC 1.4.3.4 (monoamine oxidase) inhibitor
fenamic acid
fenamic acid: has chloride and potassium channel-blocking activity; RN given refers to parent cpd. fenamic acid : An aminobenzoic acid that is the N-phenyl derivative of anthranilic acid. It acts as a parent skeleton for the synthesis of several non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs.		2.0310aminobenzoic acid;
secondary amino compound		membrane transport modulator
n 0840
N(6)-cyclopentyl-9-methyladenine: selective, orally active A(1) adenosine receptor antagonist		2.4420
nabumetone
Nabumetone: A butanone non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug and cyclooxygenase-2 (COX2) inhibitor that is used in the management of pain associated with OSTEOARTHRITIS and RHEUMATOID ARTHRITIS.. nabumetone : A methyl ketone that is 2-butanone in which one of the methyl hydrogens at position 4 is replaced by a 6-methoxy-2-naphthyl group. A prodrug that is converted to the active metabolite, 6-methoxy-2-naphthylacetic acid, following oral administration. It is shown to have a slightly lower risk of gastrointestinal side effects than most other non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs.		4.0740methoxynaphthalene;
methyl ketone		cyclooxygenase 2 inhibitor;
non-narcotic analgesic;
non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug;
prodrug
nadolol
[no description available]		4.140tetralins
nafoxidine
Nafoxidine: An estrogen antagonist that has been used in the treatment of breast cancer.		2.3620benzenes;
naphthalenes;
ring assembly
nafronyl
Nafronyl: A drug used in the management of peripheral and cerebral vascular disorders. It is claimed to enhance cellular oxidative capacity and to be a spasmolytic. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p1310) It may also be an antagonist at 5HT-2 serotonin receptors.		2.0710naphthalenes
naftopidil
[no description available]		2.0710piperazines
nalidixic acid
[no description available]		4.67801,8-naphthyridine derivative;
monocarboxylic acid;
quinolone antibiotic		antibacterial drug;
antimicrobial agent;
DNA synthesis inhibitor
activins
Activins: Activins are produced in the pituitary, gonads, and other tissues. By acting locally, they stimulate pituitary FSH secretion and have diverse effects on cell differentiation and embryonic development. Activins are glycoproteins that are hetero- or homodimers of INHIBIN-BETA SUBUNITS.		210
naphazoline
Naphazoline: An adrenergic vasoconstrictor agent used as a decongestant.		2.0710naphthalenes
naratriptan
naratriptan: structure given in first source		3.2310heteroarylpiperidine;
sulfonamide;
tryptamines		serotonergic agonist;
vasoconstrictor agent
nefazodone
nefazodone: may be useful as an opiate adjunct		5.31160aromatic ether;
monochlorobenzenes;
N-alkylpiperazine;
N-arylpiperazine;
triazoles		alpha-adrenergic antagonist;
analgesic;
antidepressant;
serotonergic antagonist;
serotonin uptake inhibitor
nefopam
Nefopam: Non-narcotic analgesic chemically similar to ORPHENADRINE. Its mechanism of action is unclear. It is used for the relief of acute and chronic pain. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p26). nefopam : A racemate comprising equal amounts of (R)- and (S)-nefopam. The hydrochloride is a centrally acting non-opiate analgesic commonly used for the treatment of moderate to severe pain.. 5-methyl-1-phenyl-3,4,5,6-tetrahydro-1H-2,5-benzoxazocine : A member of the class of benzoxazocines that is 3,4,5,6-tetrahydro-1H-2,5-benzoxazocine substituted by phenyl and methyl groups at positions 1 and 5 respectively.		2.4720benzoxazocine;
tertiary amino compound
neostigmine
Neostigmine: A cholinesterase inhibitor used in the treatment of myasthenia gravis and to reverse the effects of muscle relaxants such as gallamine and tubocurarine. Neostigmine, unlike PHYSOSTIGMINE, does not cross the blood-brain barrier.. neostigmine : A quaternary ammonium ion comprising an anilinium ion core having three methyl substituents on the aniline nitrogen, and a 3-[(dimethylcarbamoyl)oxy] substituent at position 3. It is a parasympathomimetic which acts as a reversible acetylcholinesterase inhibitor.		2.7630quaternary ammonium ionantidote to curare poisoning;
EC 3.1.1.7 (acetylcholinesterase) inhibitor
nevirapine
Nevirapine: A potent, non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor used in combination with nucleoside analogues for treatment of HIV INFECTIONS and AIDS.. nevirapine : A dipyridodiazepine that is 5,11-dihydro-6H-dipyrido[3,2-b:2',3'-e][1,4]diazepine which is substituted by methyl, oxo, and cyclopropyl groups at positions 4, 6, and 11, respectively. A non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor with activity against HIV-1, it is used in combination with other antiretrovirals for the treatment of HIV infection.		4.95110cyclopropanes;
dipyridodiazepine		antiviral drug;
HIV-1 reverse transcriptase inhibitor
nialamide
Nialamide: An MAO inhibitor that is used as an antidepressive agent.		4.2650organonitrogen compound;
organooxygen compound
nicardipine
Nicardipine: A potent calcium channel blockader with marked vasodilator action. It has antihypertensive properties and is effective in the treatment of angina and coronary spasms without showing cardiodepressant effects. It has also been used in the treatment of asthma and enhances the action of specific antineoplastic agents.. nicardipine : A racemate comprising equimolar amounts of (R)- and (S)-nicardipine. It is a calcium channel blocker which is used to treat hypertension.. 2-[benzyl(methyl)amino]ethyl methyl 2,6-dimethyl-4-(3-nitrophenyl)-1,4-dihydropyridine-3,5-dicarboxylate : A dihydropyridine that is 1,4-dihydropyridine substituted by a methyl, {2-[benzyl(methyl)amino]ethoxy}carbonyl, 3-nitrophenyl, methoxycarbonyl and methyl groups at positions 2, 3, 4, 5 and 6, respectively.		4.85100benzenes;
C-nitro compound;
diester;
dihydropyridine;
methyl ester;
tertiary amino compound
niceritrol
Niceritrol: An ester of nicotinic acid that lowers cholesterol and triglycerides in total plasma and in the VLD- and LD-lipoprotein fractions.		2.0510organic molecular entity
niclosamide
Niclosamide: An antihelmintic that is active against most tapeworms. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p48). niclosamide : A secondary carboxamide resulting from the formal condensation of the carboxy group of 5-chlorosalicylic acid with the amino group of 2-chloro-4-nitroaniline. It is an oral anthelmintic drug approved for use against tapeworm infections.		2.7630benzamides;
C-nitro compound;
monochlorobenzenes;
salicylanilides;
secondary carboxamide		anthelminthic drug;
anticoronaviral agent;
antiparasitic agent;
apoptosis inducer;
molluscicide;
piscicide;
STAT3 inhibitor
nifedipine
Nifedipine: A potent vasodilator agent with calcium antagonistic action. It is a useful anti-anginal agent that also lowers blood pressure.		11.15230C-nitro compound;
dihydropyridine;
methyl ester		calcium channel blocker;
human metabolite;
tocolytic agent;
vasodilator agent
niflumic acid
Niflumic Acid: An analgesic and anti-inflammatory agent used in the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis.		2.4520aromatic carboxylic acid;
pyridines
nilutamide
[no description available]		13.96776(trifluoromethyl)benzenes;
C-nitro compound;
imidazolidinone		androgen antagonist;
antineoplastic agent
nilvadipine
[no description available]		2.0710dihydropyridine;
isopropyl ester;
methyl ester;
nitrile
nimesulide
nimesulide: structure. nimesulide : An aromatic ether having phenyl and 2-methylsulfonamido-5-nitrophenyl as the two aryl groups.		5.38100aromatic ether;
C-nitro compound;
sulfonamide		cyclooxygenase 2 inhibitor;
non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug
nimodipine
Nimodipine: A calcium channel blockader with preferential cerebrovascular activity. It has marked cerebrovascular dilating effects and lowers blood pressure.. nimodipine : A dihydropyridine that is 1,4-dihydropyridine which is substituted by methyl groups at positions 2 and 6, a (2-methoxyethoxy)carbonyl group at position 3, a m-nitrophenyl group at position 4, and an isopropoxycarbonyl group at position 5. An L-type calcium channel blocker, it acts particularly on cerebral circulation, and is used both orally and intravenously for the prevention and treatment of subarachnoid hemorrhage from ruptured intracranial aneurysm.		5.021202-methoxyethyl ester;
C-nitro compound;
dicarboxylic acids and O-substituted derivatives;
diester;
dihydropyridine;
isopropyl ester		antihypertensive agent;
calcium channel blocker;
cardiovascular drug;
vasodilator agent
nipecotic acid
nipecotic acid: RN given refers to cpd without isomeric designation. nipecotic acid : A piperidinemonocarboxylic acid that is piperidine in which one of the hydrogens at position 3 is substituted by a carboxylic acid group.		2.0310beta-amino acid;
piperidinemonocarboxylic acid
nisoldipine
Nisoldipine: A dihydropyridine calcium channel antagonist that acts as a potent arterial vasodilator and antihypertensive agent. It is also effective in patients with cardiac failure and angina.. nisoldipine : A racemate consisting of equimolar amounts of (R)- and (S)-nisoldipine. A calcium channel blocker, it is used in the treatment of hypertension and angina pectoris.. methyl 2-methylpropyl 2,6-dimethyl-4-(2-nitrophenyl)-1,4-dihydropyridine-3,5-dicarboxylate : A dihydropyridine that is 1,4-dihydropyridine which is substituted by methyl groups at positions 2 and 6, a methoxycarbonyl group at position 3, an o-nitrophenyl group at position 4, and an isobutoxycarbonyl group at position 5. The racemate, a calcium channel blocker, is used in the treatment of hypertension and angina pectoris.		4.6780C-nitro compound;
dicarboxylic acids and O-substituted derivatives;
diester;
dihydropyridine;
methyl ester
nitrazepam
Nitrazepam: A benzodiazepine derivative used as an anticonvulsant and hypnotic.. nitrazepam : A 1,4-benzodiazepinone that is 1,3-dihydro-2H-1,4-benzodiazepin-2-one which is substituted at positions 5 and 7 by phenyl and nitro groups, respectively. It is used as a hypnotic for the short-term management of insomnia and for the treatment of epileptic spasms in infants (West's syndrome).		2.76301,4-benzodiazepinone;
C-nitro compound		anticonvulsant;
antispasmodic drug;
drug metabolite;
GABA modulator;
sedative
nitrendipine
Nitrendipine: A calcium channel blocker with marked vasodilator action. It is an effective antihypertensive agent and differs from other calcium channel blockers in that it does not reduce glomerular filtration rate and is mildly natriuretic, rather than sodium retentive.. nitrendipine : A dihydropyridine that is 1,4-dihydropyridine substituted by methyl groups at positions 2 and 6, a 3-nitrophenyl group at position 4, a ethoxycarbonyl group at position 3 and a methoxycarbonyl group at position 5. It is a calcium-channel blocker used in the treatment of hypertension.		3.5580C-nitro compound;
dicarboxylic acids and O-substituted derivatives;
diester;
dihydropyridine;
ethyl ester;
methyl ester		antihypertensive agent;
calcium channel blocker;
geroprotector;
vasodilator agent
nitroglycerin
Nitroglycerin: A volatile vasodilator which relieves ANGINA PECTORIS by stimulating GUANYLATE CYCLASE and lowering cytosolic calcium. It is also sometimes used for TOCOLYSIS and explosives.. nitroglycerol : A nitrate ester that is glycerol in which nitro group(s) replace the hydrogen(s) attached to one or more of the hydroxy groups.. nitroglycerin : A nitroglycerol that is glycerol in which the hydrogen atoms of all three hydroxy groups are replaced by nitro groups. It acts as a prodrug, releasing nitric oxide to open blood vessels and so alleviate heart pain.		4.2450nitroglycerolexplosive;
muscle relaxant;
nitric oxide donor;
prodrug;
tocolytic agent;
vasodilator agent;
xenobiotic
nitromide
nitromide: antibacterial agent for prevention & treatment of Salmonella pullorum infections in chickens & turkeys & for fowl typhoid & paratyphoid; used in feed; structure		2.0710
nizatidine
[no description available]		4.25501,3-thiazoles;
C-nitro compound;
carboxamidine;
organic sulfide;
tertiary amino compound		anti-ulcer drug;
cholinergic drug;
H2-receptor antagonist
nomifensine
Nomifensine: An isoquinoline derivative that prevents dopamine reuptake into synaptosomes. The maleate was formerly used in the treatment of depression. It was withdrawn worldwide in 1986 due to the risk of acute hemolytic anemia with intravascular hemolysis resulting from its use. In some cases, renal failure also developed. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p266). nomifensine : An N-methylated tetrahydroisoquinoline carrying phenyl and amino substituents at positions C-4 and C-8, respectively.		4.6880isoquinolinesdopamine uptake inhibitor
masoprocol
nordihydroguaretic acid: antioxidant compound found in the creosote bush (Larrea tridentata)		2.9540catechols;
lignan;
tetrol		antioxidant;
ferroptosis inhibitor;
geroprotector;
plant metabolite
norfloxacin
Norfloxacin: A synthetic fluoroquinolone (FLUOROQUINOLONES) with broad-spectrum antibacterial activity against most gram-negative and gram-positive bacteria. Norfloxacin inhibits bacterial DNA GYRASE.. norfloxacin : A quinolinemonocarboxylic acid with broad-spectrum antibacterial activity against most gram-negative and gram-positive bacteria. Norfloxacin is bactericidal and its mode of action depends on blocking of bacterial DNA replication by binding itself to an enzyme called DNA gyrase.		4.2650fluoroquinolone antibiotic;
N-arylpiperazine;
quinolinemonocarboxylic acid;
quinolone antibiotic;
quinolone		antibacterial drug;
DNA synthesis inhibitor;
environmental contaminant;
xenobiotic
nortriptyline
Nortriptyline: A metabolite of AMITRIPTYLINE that is also used as an antidepressive agent. Nortriptyline is used in major depression, dysthymia, and atypical depressions.. nortriptyline : An organic tricyclic compound that is 10,11-dihydro-5H-dibenzo[a,d][7]annulene substituted by a 3-(methylamino)propylidene group at position 5. It is an active metabolite of amitriptyline.		4.95110organic tricyclic compound;
secondary amine		adrenergic uptake inhibitor;
analgesic;
antidepressant;
antineoplastic agent;
apoptosis inducer;
drug metabolite
6,7-dimethoxy-3-(4-methoxy-6-methyl-7,8-dihydro-5H-[1,3]dioxolo[4,5-g]isoquinolin-5-yl)-3H-isobenzofuran-1-one
[no description available]		2.0710isoquinolines
5-nitro-2-(3-phenylpropylamino)benzoic acid
5-nitro-2-(3-phenylpropylamino)benzoic acid: structure given in first source; chloride channel antagonist		2.4420nitrobenzoic acid
ns 2028
NS 2028: structure in first source		2.0310
ns 1619
NS 1619: structure given in first source. NS 1619 : A member of the class of benzimidazoles that is 1,3-dihydro-2H-benzimidazol-2-one in which the hydrogens at positions 1 and 5 are replaced are replaced by 2-hydroxy-5-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl and trifluoromethyl groups, respectively. It is an opener/activator of the large-conductance calcium-activated potassium channel (Bkca).		2.4420(trifluoromethyl)benzenes;
benzimidazoles;
phenols		potassium channel opener
n-(2-cyclohexyloxy-4-nitrophenyl)methanesulfonamide
N-(2-cyclohexyloxy-4-nitrophenyl)methanesulfonamide: structure given in first source. NS-398 : A C-nitro compound that is N-methylsulfonyl-4-nitroaniline bearing an additional cyclohexyloxy substituent at position 2.		2.4620aromatic ether;
C-nitro compound;
sulfonamide		antineoplastic agent;
cyclooxygenase 2 inhibitor
nylidrin
Nylidrin: A beta-adrenergic agonist. Nylidrin causes peripheral vasodilation, a positive inotropic effect, and increased gastric volume of gastric juice. It is used in the treatment of peripheral vascular disorders and premature labor.		2.4620alkylbenzene
o(6)-benzylguanine
O(6)-benzylguanine: a suicide inhibitor of O(6)-methylguanine-DNA methyltransferase activity		2.0310
ofloxacin
Ofloxacin: A synthetic fluoroquinolone antibacterial agent that inhibits the supercoiling activity of bacterial DNA GYRASE, halting DNA REPLICATION.. 9-fluoro-3-methyl-10-(4-methylpiperazin-1-yl)-7-oxo-2,3-dihydro-7H-[1,4]oxazino[2,3,4-ij]quinoline-6-carboxylic acid : An oxazinoquinoline that is 2,3-dihydro-7H-[1,4]oxazino[2,3,4-ij]quinolin-7-one substituted by methyl, carboxy, fluoro, and 4-methylpiperazin-1-yl groups at positions 3, 6, 9, and 10, respectively.. ofloxacin : A racemate comprising equimolar amounts of levofloxacin and dextrofloxacin. It is a synthetic fluoroquinolone antibacterial agent which inhibits the supercoiling activity of bacterial DNA gyrase, halting DNA replication.		4.941103-oxo monocarboxylic acid;
N-arylpiperazine;
N-methylpiperazine;
organofluorine compound;
oxazinoquinoline
olomoucine
olomoucine: inhibits protein P34CDC2. olomoucine : A 9H-purine that is substituted by a (2-hydroxyethyl)nitrilo, benzylnitrilo and a methyl group at positions 2,6 and 9, respectively. It is a cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor.		2.74302,6-diaminopurines;
ethanolamines		EC 2.7.11.22 (cyclin-dependent kinase) inhibitor
omeprazole
Omeprazole: A 4-methoxy-3,5-dimethylpyridyl, 5-methoxybenzimidazole derivative of timoprazole that is used in the therapy of STOMACH ULCERS and ZOLLINGER-ELLISON SYNDROME. The drug inhibits an H(+)-K(+)-EXCHANGING ATPASE which is found in GASTRIC PARIETAL CELLS.. omeprazole : A racemate comprising equimolar amounts of (R)- and (S)-omeprazole.. 5-methoxy-2-{[(4-methoxy-3,5-dimethylpyridin-2-yl)methyl]sulfinyl}-1H-benzimidazole : A member of the class of benzimidazoles that is 1H-benzimidazole which is substituted by a [4-methoxy-3,5-dimethylpyridin-2-yl)methyl]sulfinyl group at position 2 and a methoxy group at position 5.		5.02120aromatic ether;
benzimidazoles;
pyridines;
sulfoxide
ondansetron
Ondansetron: A competitive serotonin type 3 receptor antagonist. It is effective in the treatment of nausea and vomiting caused by cytotoxic chemotherapy drugs, including cisplatin, and has reported anxiolytic and neuroleptic properties.		4.6580carbazoles
orphenadrine
Orphenadrine: A muscarinic antagonist used to treat drug-induced parkinsonism and to relieve pain from muscle spasm.. orphenadrine : A tertiary amino compound which is the phenyl-o-tolylmethyl ether of 2-(dimethylamino)ethanol.		4.4160ether;
tertiary amino compound		antidyskinesia agent;
antiparkinson drug;
H1-receptor antagonist;
muscarinic antagonist;
muscle relaxant;
NMDA receptor antagonist;
parasympatholytic
oxamniquine
Oxamniquine: An anthelmintic with schistosomicidal activity against Schistosoma mansoni, but not against other Schistosoma spp. Oxamniquine causes worms to shift from the mesenteric veins to the liver where the male worms are retained; the female worms return to the mesentery, but can no longer release eggs. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 31st ed, p121). oxamniquine : A racemate comprising equimolar amounts of (R)- and (S)-oxamniquine. An anthelmintic, it is administered orally for the treatment of schistomiasis caused by Schistosoma mansoni (but not by other Schistosoma species); intramuscular administration is no longer used as it causes severe pain at the injection site.. {2-[(isopropylamino)methyl]-7-nitro-1,2,3,4-tetrahydroquinolin-6-yl}methanol : A member of the class of quinolines that is 1,2,3,4-tetrahydroquinoline which is substituted at positions 2, 6, and 7 by (isopropylamino)methyl, hydroxymethyl, and nitro groups, respectively.		2.0510aromatic primary alcohol;
C-nitro compound;
quinolines;
secondary amino compound
oxaprozin
Oxaprozin: An oxazole-propionic acid derivative, cyclooxygenase inhibitor, and non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug that is used in the treatment of pain and inflammation associated with of OSTEOARTHRITIS; RHEUMATOID ARTHRITIS; and ARTHRITIS, JUVENILE.. oxaprozin : A monocarboxylic acid that is a propionic acid derivative having a 4,5-diphenyl-1,3-oxazol-2-yl substituent at position 3. It is non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug commonly used to relieve the pain and inflammatory responses associated with osteoarthritis and rheumatoid arthritis.		4.75901,3-oxazoles;
monocarboxylic acid		analgesic;
non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug
oxatomide
oxatomide: structure; an anti-allergic & an anti-asthmatic. oxatomide : A member of the class of benzimidazoles that is 1,3-dihydro-2H-benzimidazol-2-one substituted by a 3-[4-(diphenylmethyl)piperazin-1-yl]propyl group at position 1. It is an anti-allergic drug.		2.7430benzimidazoles;
diarylmethane;
N-alkylpiperazine		anti-allergic agent;
anti-inflammatory agent;
geroprotector;
H1-receptor antagonist;
serotonergic antagonist
oxazepam
Oxazepam: A benzodiazepine used in the treatment of anxiety, alcohol withdrawal, and insomnia.. oxazepam : A 1,4-benzodiazepinone that is 1,3-dihydro-2H-1,4-benzodiazepin-2-one substituted by a chloro group at position 7, a hydroxy group at position 3 and phenyl group at position 5.		4.08401,4-benzodiazepinone;
organochlorine compound		anxiolytic drug;
environmental contaminant;
xenobiotic
oxethazaine
[no description available]		2.4720amino acid amide
oxibendazole
oxibendazole: structure		2.7530benzimidazoles;
carbamate ester
oxidopamine
Oxidopamine: A neurotransmitter analogue that depletes noradrenergic stores in nerve endings and induces a reduction of dopamine levels in the brain. Its mechanism of action is related to the production of cytolytic free-radicals.. oxidopamine : A benzenetriol that is phenethylamine in which the hydrogens at positions 2, 4, and 5 on the phenyl ring are replaced by hydroxy groups. It occurs naturally in human urine, but is also produced as a metabolite of the drug DOPA (used for the treatment of Parkinson's disease).		2.0510benzenetriol;
catecholamine;
primary amino compound		drug metabolite;
human metabolite;
neurotoxin
oxiracetam
oxiracetam: structure in first source		2.0310organonitrogen compound;
organooxygen compound
oxolinic acid
quinolone antibiotic : An organonitrogen heterocyclic antibiotic whose structure contains a quinolone or quinolone-related skeleton.		2.0310aromatic carboxylic acid;
organic heterotricyclic compound;
oxacycle;
quinolinemonocarboxylic acid;
quinolone antibiotic		antibacterial drug;
antifungal agent;
antiinfective agent;
antimicrobial agent;
enzyme inhibitor
oxprenolol
Oxprenolol: A beta-adrenergic antagonist used in the treatment of hypertension, angina pectoris, arrhythmias, and anxiety.		3.1550aromatic ether
oxybenzone
oxybenzone : A hydroxybenzophenone that is benzophenone which is substituted at the 2- and 4-positions of one of the benzene rings by hydroxy and methoxy groups respectively.		2.0510hydroxybenzophenone;
monomethoxybenzene		dermatologic drug;
environmental contaminant;
protective agent;
ultraviolet filter;
xenobiotic
benoxinate
benoxinate: RN given refers to parent cpd; structure. oxybuprocaine : A benzoate ester in which 4-amino-3-butoxybenzoic acid and 2-(diethylamino)ethanol have combined to form the ester bond; an ester-based local anaesthetic (ester "caine") used especially in ophthalmology and otolaryngology.		2.0710amino acid ester;
benzoate ester;
substituted aniline;
tertiary amino compound		drug allergen;
local anaesthetic;
topical anaesthetic
oxybutynin
oxybutynin: RN given refers to parent cpd. oxybutynin : A racemate comprising equimolar amounts of (R)-oxybutynin and esoxybutynin. An antispasmodic used for the treatment of overactive bladder.		4.6880acetylenic compound;
carboxylic ester;
racemate;
tertiary alcohol;
tertiary amino compound		antispasmodic drug;
calcium channel blocker;
local anaesthetic;
muscarinic antagonist;
muscle relaxant;
parasympatholytic
oxyphenbutazone
Oxyphenbutazone: A non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug. Oxyphenbutazone eyedrops have been used abroad in the management of postoperative ocular inflammation, superficial eye injuries, and episcleritis. (From AMA, Drug Evaluations Annual, 1994, p2000) It had been used by mouth in rheumatic disorders such as ankylosing spondylitis, osteoarthritis, and rheumatoid arthritis but such use is no longer considered justified owing to the risk of severe hematological adverse effects. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p27). oxyphenbutazone : A metabolite of phenylbutazone obtained by hydroxylation at position 4 of one of the phenyl rings. Commonly used (as its hydrate) to treat pain, swelling and stiffness associated with arthritis and gout, it was withdrawn from the market 1984 following association with blood dyscrasis and Stevens-Johnson syndrome.		2.7530phenols;
pyrazolidines		antimicrobial agent;
antineoplastic agent;
antipyretic;
drug metabolite;
gout suppressant;
non-narcotic analgesic;
non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug;
xenobiotic metabolite
aminosalicylic acid
Aminosalicylic Acid: An antitubercular agent often administered in association with ISONIAZID. The sodium salt of the drug is better tolerated than the free acid.. 4-aminosalicylic acid : An aminobenzoic acid that is salicylic acid substituted by an amino group at position 4.		4.7890aminobenzoic acid;
phenols		antitubercular agent
quinone
benzoquinone : The simplest members of the class of benzoquinones, consisting of cyclohexadiene which is substituted by two oxo groups.. 1,4-benzoquinone : The simplest member of the class of 1,4-benzoquinones, obtained by the formal oxidation of hydroquinone to the corresponding diketone. It is a metabolite of benzene.. quinone : Compounds having a fully conjugated cyclic dione structure, such as that of benzoquinones, derived from aromatic compounds by conversion of an even number of -CH= groups into -C(=O)- groups with any necessary rearrangement of double bonds (polycyclic and heterocyclic analogues are included).		2.03101,4-benzoquinonescofactor;
human xenobiotic metabolite;
mouse metabolite
fenclonine
Fenclonine: A selective and irreversible inhibitor of tryptophan hydroxylase, a rate-limiting enzyme in the biosynthesis of serotonin (5-HYDROXYTRYPTAMINE). Fenclonine acts pharmacologically to deplete endogenous levels of serotonin.		2.0310phenylalanine derivative
palmidrol
palmidrol: a cannabinoid receptor-inactive eCB-related molecule used as prophylactic in helping to prevent respiratory viral infection. palmitoyl ethanolamide : An N-(long-chain-acyl)ethanolamine that is the ethanolamide of palmitic (hexadecanoic) acid.		2.4420endocannabinoid;
N-(long-chain-acyl)ethanolamine;
N-(saturated fatty acyl)ethanolamine		anti-inflammatory drug;
anticonvulsant;
antihypertensive agent;
neuroprotective agent
pamidronate
[no description available]		6.0281phosphonoacetic acid
pantoprazole
Pantoprazole: 2-pyridinylmethylsulfinylbenzimidazole proton pump inhibitor that is used in the treatment of GASTROESOPHAGEAL REFLUX and PEPTIC ULCER.. pantoprazole : A member of the class of benzimidazoles that is 1H-benzimidazole substituted by a difluoromethoxy group at position 5 and a [(3,4-dimethoxypyridin-2-yl)methyl]sulfinyl group at position 2.		4.2750aromatic ether;
benzimidazoles;
organofluorine compound;
pyridines;
sulfoxide		anti-ulcer drug;
EC 3.6.3.10 (H(+)/K(+)-exchanging ATPase) inhibitor;
environmental contaminant;
xenobiotic
papaverine
Papaverine: An alkaloid found in opium but not closely related to the other opium alkaloids in its structure or pharmacological actions. It is a direct-acting smooth muscle relaxant used in the treatment of impotence and as a vasodilator, especially for cerebral vasodilation. The mechanism of its pharmacological actions is not clear, but it apparently can inhibit phosphodiesterases and it may have direct actions on calcium channels.. papaverine : A benzylisoquinoline alkaloid that is isoquinoline substituted by methoxy groups at positions 6 and 7 and a 3,4-dimethoxybenzyl group at position 1. It has been isolated from Papaver somniferum.		4.4260benzylisoquinoline alkaloid;
dimethoxybenzene;
isoquinolines		antispasmodic drug;
vasodilator agent
4-dichlorobenzene
dichlorobenzene : Any member of the class of chlorobenzenes carrying two chloro groups at unspecified positions.. 1,4-dichlorobenzene : A dichlorobenzene carrying chloro groups at positions 1 and 4.		2.7430dichlorobenzeneinsecticide
1,7-dimethylxanthine
1,7-dimethylxanthine : A dimethylxanthine having the two methyl groups located at positions 1 and 7. It is a metabolite of caffeine and theobromine in animals.		2.0310dimethylxanthinecentral nervous system stimulant;
human blood serum metabolite;
human xenobiotic metabolite;
mouse metabolite
pargyline
Pargyline: A monoamine oxidase inhibitor with antihypertensive properties.		2.9840aromatic amine
pd 169316
2-(4-nitrophenyl)-4-(4-fluorophenyl)-5-(4-pyridinyl)-1H-imidazole: p38 MAP kinase inhibitor		2.0510imidazoles
pd 98059
2-(2-amino-3-methoxyphenyl)-4H-1-benzopyran-4-one: inhibits MAP kinase kinase (MEK) activity, p42 MAPK and p44 MAPK; structure in first source. 2-(2-amino-3-methoxyphenyl)chromen-4-one : A member of the class of monomethoxyflavones that is 3'-methoxyflavone bearing an additional amino substituent at position 2'.		2.9340aromatic amine;
monomethoxyflavone		EC 2.7.11.24 (mitogen-activated protein kinase) inhibitor;
geroprotector
pemoline
Pemoline: A central nervous system stimulant used in fatigue and depressive states and to treat hyperkinetic disorders in children.. pemoline : A member of the class of 1,3-oxazoles that is 1,3-oxazol-4(5H)-one which is substituted by an amino group at position 2 and by a phenyl group at position 5. A central nervous system stimulant, it was used to treat hyperactivity disorders in children, but withdrawn from use following reports of serious hepatotoxicity.		4.54701,3-oxazolescentral nervous system stimulant
pentamidine
Pentamidine: Antiprotozoal agent effective in trypanosomiasis, leishmaniasis, and some fungal infections; used in treatment of PNEUMOCYSTIS pneumonia in HIV-infected patients. It may cause diabetes mellitus, central nervous system damage, and other toxic effects.. pentamidine : A diether consisting of pentane-1,5-diol in which both hydroxyl hydrogens have been replaced by 4-amidinophenyl groups. A trypanocidal drug that is used for treatment of cutaneous leishmaniasis and Chagas disease.		4.6680aromatic ether;
carboxamidine;
diether		anti-inflammatory agent;
antifungal agent;
calmodulin antagonist;
chemokine receptor 5 antagonist;
EC 2.3.1.48 (histone acetyltransferase) inhibitor;
NMDA receptor antagonist;
S100 calcium-binding protein B inhibitor;
trypanocidal drug;
xenobiotic
pentobarbital
Pentobarbital: A short-acting barbiturate that is effective as a sedative and hypnotic (but not as an anti-anxiety) agent and is usually given orally. It is prescribed more frequently for sleep induction than for sedation but, like similar agents, may lose its effectiveness by the second week of continued administration. (From AMA Drug Evaluations Annual, 1994, p236). pentobarbital : A member of the class of barbiturates, the structure of which is that of barbituric acid substituted at C-5 by ethyl and sec-pentyl groups.		3.5920barbituratesGABAA receptor agonist
pentoxifylline
[no description available]		4.4160oxopurine
perazine
Perazine: A phenothiazine antipsychotic with actions and uses similar to those of CHLORPROMAZINE. Extrapyramidal symptoms may be more common than other side effects.. perazine : A phenothiazine derivative in which 10H-phenothiazinecarries a 3-(4-methylpiperazin-1-yl)propyl substituent at the N-10 position.		2.0510N-alkylpiperazine;
N-methylpiperazine;
phenothiazines		dopaminergic antagonist;
phenothiazine antipsychotic drug
perhexiline
Perhexiline: 2-(2,2-Dicyclohexylethyl)piperidine. Coronary vasodilator used especially for angina of effort. It may cause neuropathy and hepatitis.		4.6880piperidinescardiovascular drug
perphenazine
Perphenazine: An antipsychotic phenothiazine derivative with actions and uses similar to those of CHLORPROMAZINE.. perphenazine : A phenothiazine derivative in which the phenothiazine tricycle carries a chloro substituent at the 2-position and a 3-[4-(2-hydroxyethyl)piperazin-1-yl]propyl group at N-10.		4.94110N-(2-hydroxyethyl)piperazine;
N-alkylpiperazine;
organochlorine compound;
phenothiazines		antiemetic;
dopaminergic antagonist;
phenothiazine antipsychotic drug
phenacemide
phenacemide: anti-epileptic drug; structure		2.4620acetamides
phenacetin
Saridon: contains phenacetin, caffeine, propyphenazone & pyrithyldione		3.92120acetamides;
aromatic ether		cyclooxygenase 3 inhibitor;
non-narcotic analgesic;
peripheral nervous system drug
phenazopyridine
Phenazopyridine: A local anesthetic that has been used in urinary tract disorders. Its use is limited by problems with toxicity (primarily blood disorders) and potential carcinogenicity.. phenazopyridine : A diaminopyridine that is 2,6-diaminopyridine substituted at position 3 by a phenylazo group. A local anesthetic that has topical analgesic effect on mucosa lining of the urinary tract. Its use is limited by problems with toxicity (primarily blood disorders) and potential carcinogenicity.		2.7330diaminopyridine;
monoazo compound		anticoronaviral agent;
carcinogenic agent;
local anaesthetic;
non-narcotic analgesic
phenindione
Phenindione: An indandione that has been used as an anticoagulant. Phenindione has actions similar to WARFARIN, but it is now rarely employed because of its higher incidence of severe adverse effects. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p234)		2.0510aromatic ketone;
beta-diketone		anticoagulant
phenobarbital
Phenobarbital: A barbituric acid derivative that acts as a nonselective central nervous system depressant. It potentiates GAMMA-AMINOBUTYRIC ACID action on GABA-A RECEPTORS, and modulates chloride currents through receptor channels. It also inhibits glutamate induced depolarizations.. phenobarbital : A member of the class of barbiturates, the structure of which is that of barbituric acid substituted at C-5 by ethyl and phenyl groups.		4.95110barbituratesanticonvulsant;
drug allergen;
excitatory amino acid antagonist;
sedative
phenolphthalein
Phenolphthalein: An acid-base indicator which is colorless in acid solution, but turns pink to red as the solution becomes alkaline. It is used medicinally as a cathartic.		2.0510phenols
phenoxybenzamine
Phenoxybenzamine: An alpha-adrenergic antagonist with long duration of action. It has been used to treat hypertension and as a peripheral vasodilator.		4.5670aromatic amine
phentermine
Phentermine: A central nervous system stimulant and sympathomimetic with actions and uses similar to those of DEXTROAMPHETAMINE. It has been used most frequently in the treatment of obesity.		4.4260primary amineadrenergic agent;
appetite depressant;
central nervous system drug;
central nervous system stimulant;
dopaminergic agent;
sympathomimetic agent
4-phenylbutyric acid
4-phenylbutyric acid: RN refers to the parent cpd. 4-phenylbutyric acid : A monocarboxylic acid the structure of which is that of butyric acid substituted with a phenyl group at C-4. It is a histone deacetylase inhibitor that displays anticancer activity. It inhibits cell proliferation, invasion and migration and induces apoptosis in glioma cells. It also inhibits protein isoprenylation, depletes plasma glutamine, increases production of foetal haemoglobin through transcriptional activation of the gamma-globin gene and affects hPPARgamma activation.		3.6120monocarboxylic acidantineoplastic agent;
apoptosis inducer;
EC 3.5.1.98 (histone deacetylase) inhibitor;
prodrug
phenyl biguanide
phenyl biguanide: RN given refers to parent cpd. phenyl biguanide : A member of the class of biguanides that is biguanide in which one of the terminal nitrogen atoms is substituted by a phenyl group.		2.4420guanidinescentral nervous system drug
phenylbutazone
Phenylbutazone: A butyl-diphenyl-pyrazolidinedione that has anti-inflammatory, antipyretic, and analgesic activities. It has been used in ANKYLOSING SPONDYLITIS; RHEUMATOID ARTHRITIS; and REACTIVE ARTHRITIS.. phenylbutazone : A member of the class of pyrazolidines that is 1,2-diphenylpyrazolidine-3,5-dione carrying a butyl group at the 4-position.		3.6690pyrazolidinesantirheumatic drug;
EC 1.1.1.184 [carbonyl reductase (NADPH)] inhibitor;
metabolite;
non-narcotic analgesic;
non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug;
peripheral nervous system drug
phloretin
[no description available]		2.4420dihydrochalconesantineoplastic agent;
plant metabolite
moxonidine
moxonidine: structure given in first source		2.0510organohalogen compound;
pyrimidines
1,3a,8-Trimethyl-1,2,3,3a,8,8a-hexahydropyrrolo[2,3-b]indol-5-yl methylcarbamate
[no description available]		2.0710pyrroloindole
picotamide
picotamide: has anticoagulant & fibrinolytic properties; structure		2.7430benzamides
pilsicainide
pilsicainide: structure given in first source. pilsicainide : A secondary carboxamide resulting from the formal condensation of the amino group of 2,6-dimethylaniline with the carboxy group of (tetrahydro-1H-pyrrolizin-7a(5H)-yl)acetic acid. It is a sodium channel blocker which is used as an antiarrhythmic drug for the management of atrial tachyarrhythmias in Japan.		2.0710organic heterobicyclic compound;
secondary carboxamide		anti-arrhythmia drug;
sodium channel blocker
pinacidil
Pinacidil: A guanidine that opens POTASSIUM CHANNELS producing direct peripheral vasodilatation of the ARTERIOLES. It reduces BLOOD PRESSURE and peripheral resistance and produces fluid retention. (Martindale The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 31st ed)		3.5580pyridines
pindolol
Pindolol: A moderately lipophilic beta blocker (ADRENERGIC BETA-ANTAGONISTS). It is non-cardioselective and has intrinsic sympathomimetic actions, but little membrane-stabilizing activity. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmocopoeia, 30th ed, p638). pindolol : A member of the class of indols which is the 2-hydroxy-3-(isopropylamino)propyl ether derivative of 1H-indol-4-ol.		4.6680indoles;
secondary amine		antiglaucoma drug;
antihypertensive agent;
beta-adrenergic antagonist;
serotonergic antagonist;
vasodilator agent
pioglitazone
Pioglitazone: A thiazolidinedione and PPAR GAMMA agonist that is used in the treatment of TYPE 2 DIABETES MELLITUS.. pioglitazone : A member of the class of thiazolidenediones that is 1,3-thiazolidine-2,4-dione substituted by a benzyl group at position 5 which in turn is substituted by a 2-(5-ethylpyridin-2-yl)ethoxy group at position 4 of the phenyl ring. It exhibits hypoglycemic activity.		9.42248aromatic ether;
pyridines;
thiazolidinediones		antidepressant;
cardioprotective agent;
EC 2.7.1.33 (pantothenate kinase) inhibitor;
EC 6.2.1.3 (long-chain-fatty-acid--CoA ligase) inhibitor;
ferroptosis inhibitor;
geroprotector;
hypoglycemic agent;
insulin-sensitizing drug;
PPARgamma agonist;
xenobiotic
pipemidic acid
Pipemidic Acid: Antimicrobial against Gram negative and some Gram positive bacteria. It is protein bound and concentrated in bile and urine and used for gastrointestinal, biliary, and urinary infections.. pipemidic acid : A pyridopyrimidine that is 5-oxo-5,8-dihydropyrido[2,3-d]pyrimidine-6-carboxylic acid substituted at position 2 by a piperazin-1-yl group and at position 8 by an ethyl group. A synthetic broad-spectrum antibacterial, it is used for treatment of gastrointestinal, biliary, and urinary infections.		2.0510amino acid;
monocarboxylic acid;
N-arylpiperazine;
pyridopyrimidine;
quinolone antibiotic		antibacterial drug;
DNA synthesis inhibitor
piperazine
[no description available]		2.0510azacycloalkane;
piperazines;
saturated organic heteromonocyclic parent		anthelminthic drug
piperidine-4-sulfonic acid
piperidine-4-sulfonic acid: specific GABA agonist		2.0310
pipobroman
Pipobroman: An antineoplastic agent that acts by alkylation.. pipobroman : An N-acylpiperazine that is piperazine in which each of the nitrogens has been acylated by a 3-bromopropionoyl group. An anti-cancer drug.		2.0410N-acylpiperazine;
organobromine compound;
tertiary carboxamide		alkylating agent;
antineoplastic agent
piracetam
Piracetam: A compound suggested to be both a nootropic and a neuroprotective agent.		2.7530organonitrogen compound;
organooxygen compound
pirbuterol
pirbuterol: structure		2.0210pyridines
pirenperone
[no description available]		2.4420aromatic ketone
pirenzepine
Pirenzepine: An antimuscarinic agent that inhibits gastric secretion at lower doses than are required to affect gastrointestinal motility, salivary, central nervous system, cardiovascular, ocular, and urinary function. It promotes the healing of duodenal ulcers and due to its cytoprotective action is beneficial in the prevention of duodenal ulcer recurrence. It also potentiates the effect of other antiulcer agents such as CIMETIDINE and RANITIDINE. It is generally well tolerated by patients.		2.0710pyridobenzodiazepineanti-ulcer drug;
antispasmodic drug;
muscarinic antagonist
piretanide
piretanide: potent inhibitor of chloride transport; structure		2.0710aromatic ether
piribedil
Piribedil: A dopamine D2 agonist. It is used in the treatment of parkinson disease, particularly for alleviation of tremor. It has also been used for circulatory disorders and in other applications as a D2 agonist.		2.0810N-arylpiperazine
polythiazide
[no description available]		3.5820benzothiadiazine
potassium chloride
Potassium Chloride: A white crystal or crystalline powder used in BUFFERS; FERTILIZERS; and EXPLOSIVES. It can be used to replenish ELECTROLYTES and restore WATER-ELECTROLYTE BALANCE in treating HYPOKALEMIA.. potassium chloride : A metal chloride salt with a K(+) counterion.		2.9540inorganic chloride;
inorganic potassium salt;
potassium salt		fertilizer
ag 1879
3-(4-chlorophenyl)-1-(1,1-dimethylethyl)-1H-pyrazolo(3,4-d)pyrimidin-4-amine: Fyn kinase inhibitor		2.0710aromatic amine;
monochlorobenzenes;
pyrazolopyrimidine		beta-adrenergic antagonist;
EC 2.7.10.2 (non-specific protein-tyrosine kinase) inhibitor;
geroprotector
practolol
Practolol: A beta-1 adrenergic antagonist that has been used in the emergency treatment of CARDIAC ARRYTHMIAS.. practolol : N-(4-Hydroxyphenyl)acetamide in which the hydrogen of the phenolic hydroxy group is substituted by a 3-(isopropylaminoamino)-2-hydroxypropyl group. A selective beta blocker, it has been used in the emergency treatment of cardiac arrhythmias.		2.4820acetamides;
ethanolamines;
propanolamine;
secondary alcohol;
secondary amino compound		anti-arrhythmia drug;
beta-adrenergic antagonist
duodote
duodote: consists of atropine and pralidoxime chloride; for treating those exposed to organophosphorus-containing nerve agents		3.620pyridinium ionantidote to organophosphate poisoning;
antidote to sarin poisoning;
cholinergic drug;
cholinesterase reactivator
pramoxine
pramoxine: RN given refers to parent cpd; structure. pramocaine : A member of the class of morpholines that is morpholine substituted at the nitrogen atom by a 3-(4-butoxyphenoxy)propyl group.		2.0410aromatic ether;
morpholines		local anaesthetic
ono 1078
pranlukast: SRS-A antagonist; leukotriene D4 receptor antagonist		2.0810chromones
pyranoprofen
pyranoprofen: RN given refers to unlabled parent cpd; structure given in first source		2.0810pyridochromene
prazepam
Prazepam: A benzodiazepine that is used in the treatment of ANXIETY DISORDERS.		2.0210benzodiazepine
praziquantel
azinox: Russian drug		4.95110isoquinolines
prazosin
Prazosin: A selective adrenergic alpha-1 antagonist used in the treatment of HEART FAILURE; HYPERTENSION; PHEOCHROMOCYTOMA; RAYNAUD DISEASE; PROSTATIC HYPERTROPHY; and URINARY RETENTION.. prazosin : A member of the class of piperazines that is piperazine substituted by a furan-2-ylcarbonyl group and a 4-amino-6,7-dimethoxyquinazolin-2-yl group at positions 1 and 4 respectively.		5.66140aromatic ether;
furans;
monocarboxylic acid amide;
piperazines;
quinazolines		alpha-adrenergic antagonist;
antihypertensive agent;
EC 3.4.21.26 (prolyl oligopeptidase) inhibitor
prilocaine
Prilocaine: A local anesthetic that is similar pharmacologically to LIDOCAINE. Currently, it is used most often for infiltration anesthesia in dentistry.. prilocaine : An amino acid amide in which N-propyl-DL-alanine and 2-methylaniline have combined to form the amide bond; used as a local anaesthetic.		2.4920amino acid amide;
monocarboxylic acid amide		anticonvulsant;
local anaesthetic
primaquine
Primaquine: An aminoquinoline that is given by mouth to produce a radical cure and prevent relapse of vivax and ovale malarias following treatment with a blood schizontocide. It has also been used to prevent transmission of falciparum malaria by those returning to areas where there is a potential for re-introduction of malaria. Adverse effects include anemias and GI disturbances. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopeia, 30th ed, p404). primaquine : An N-substituted diamine that is pentane-1,4-diamine substituted by a 6-methoxyquinolin-8-yl group at the N(4) position. It is a drug used in the treatment of malaria and Pneumocystis pneumonia.		4.7890aminoquinoline;
aromatic ether;
N-substituted diamine		antimalarial
primidone
Primidone: A barbiturate derivative that acts as a GABA modulator and anti-epileptic agent. It is partly metabolized to PHENOBARBITAL in the body and owes some of its actions to this metabolite.. primidone : A pyrimidone that is dihydropyrimidine-4,6(1H,5H)-dione substituted by an ethyl and a phenyl group at position 5. It is used as an anticonvulsant for treatment of various types of seizures.		4.94110pyrimidoneanticonvulsant;
environmental contaminant;
xenobiotic
proadifen
Proadifen: An inhibitor of drug metabolism and CYTOCHROME P-450 ENZYME SYSTEM activity.		2.0710diarylmethane
probenecid
Probenecid: The prototypical uricosuric agent. It inhibits the renal excretion of organic anions and reduces tubular reabsorption of urate. Probenecid has also been used to treat patients with renal impairment, and, because it reduces the renal tubular excretion of other drugs, has been used as an adjunct to antibacterial therapy.. probenecid : A sulfonamide in which the nitrogen of 4-sulfamoylbenzoic acid is substituted with two propyl groups.		5.1130benzoic acids;
sulfonamide		uricosuric drug
probucol
Probucol: A drug used to lower LDL and HDL cholesterol yet has little effect on serum-triglyceride or VLDL cholesterol. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p993).. probucol : A dithioketal that is propane-2,2-dithiol in which the hydrogens attached to both sulfur atoms are replaced by 3,5-di-tert-butyl-4-hydroxyphenyl groups. An anticholesteremic drug with antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties, it is used to treat high levels of cholesterol in blood.		3.1550dithioketal;
polyphenol		anti-inflammatory drug;
anticholesteremic drug;
antilipemic drug;
antioxidant;
cardiovascular drug
procainamide
Procainamide: A class Ia antiarrhythmic drug that is structurally-related to PROCAINE.. procainamide : A benzamide that is 4-aminobenzamide substituted on the amide N by a 2-(diethylamino)ethyl group. It is a pharmaceutical antiarrhythmic agent used for the medical treatment of cardiac arrhythmias.		4.95110benzamidesanti-arrhythmia drug;
platelet aggregation inhibitor;
sodium channel blocker
procaine
Procaine: A local anesthetic of the ester type that has a slow onset and a short duration of action. It is mainly used for infiltration anesthesia, peripheral nerve block, and spinal block. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p1016).. procaine : A benzoate ester, formally the result of esterification of 4-aminobenzoic acid with 2-diethylaminoethanol but formed experimentally by reaction of ethyl 4-aminobenzoate with 2-diethylaminoethanol.		2.9740benzoate ester;
substituted aniline;
tertiary amino compound		central nervous system depressant;
drug allergen;
local anaesthetic;
peripheral nervous system drug
procarbazine
Procarbazine: An antineoplastic agent used primarily in combination with mechlorethamine, vincristine, and prednisone (the MOPP protocol) in the treatment of Hodgkin's disease.. procarbazine : A benzamide obtained by formal condensation of the carboxy group of 4-[(2-methylhydrazino)methyl]benzoic acid with the amino group of isopropylamine. An antineoplastic chemotherapy drug used for treatment of Hodgkin's lymphoma. Metabolism yields azo-procarbazine and hydrogen peroxide, which results in the breaking of DNA strands.		11.2101benzamides;
hydrazines		antineoplastic agent
prochlorperazine
Prochlorperazine: A phenothiazine antipsychotic used principally in the treatment of NAUSEA; VOMITING; and VERTIGO. It is more likely than CHLORPROMAZINE to cause EXTRAPYRAMIDAL DISORDERS. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p612). prochlorperazine : A member of the class of phenothiazines that is 10H-phenothiazine having a chloro substituent at the 2-position and a 3-(4-methylpiperazin-1-yl)propyl group at the N-10 position.		4.5570N-alkylpiperazine;
N-methylpiperazine;
organochlorine compound;
phenothiazines		alpha-adrenergic antagonist;
antiemetic;
cholinergic antagonist;
dopamine receptor D2 antagonist;
dopaminergic antagonist;
EC 3.4.21.26 (prolyl oligopeptidase) inhibitor;
first generation antipsychotic
procyclidine
Procyclidine: A muscarinic antagonist that crosses the blood-brain barrier and is used in the treatment of drug-induced extrapyramidal disorders and in parkinsonism.. procyclidine : A tertiary alcohol that consists of propan-1-ol substituted by a cyclohexyl and a phenyl group at position 1 and a pyrrolidin-1-yl group at position 3.		4.0940pyrrolidines;
tertiary alcohol		antidyskinesia agent;
antiparkinson drug;
muscarinic antagonist
proglumide
Proglumide: A drug that exerts an inhibitory effect on gastric secretion and reduces gastrointestinal motility. It is used clinically in the drug therapy of gastrointestinal ulcers.. proglumide : A racemate composed of equal amounts of (R)- and (S)-proglumide. A non-selective CCK antagonist that was used primarily for treatment of stomach ulcers, but has been replaced by newer drugs.. N(2)-benzoyl-N,N-dipropyl-alpha-glutamine : A dicarboxylic acid monoamide obtained by formal condensation of the alpha-carboxy group of N-benzoylglutamic acid with dippropylamine.		2.0310benzamides;
dicarboxylic acid monoamide;
glutamine derivative;
racemate		anti-ulcer drug;
cholecystokinin antagonist;
cholinergic antagonist;
delta-opioid receptor agonist;
drug metabolite;
gastrointestinal drug;
opioid analgesic;
xenobiotic metabolite
promazine
Promazine: A phenothiazine with actions similar to CHLORPROMAZINE but with less antipsychotic activity. It is primarily used in short-term treatment of disturbed behavior and as an antiemetic.. promazine : A phenothiazine deriative in which the phenothiazine tricycle has a 3-(dimethylaminopropyl) group at the N-10 position.		2.7330phenothiazines;
tertiary amine		antiemetic;
dopaminergic antagonist;
EC 3.4.21.26 (prolyl oligopeptidase) inhibitor;
H1-receptor antagonist;
muscarinic antagonist;
phenothiazine antipsychotic drug;
serotonergic antagonist
promethazine
Promethazine: A phenothiazine derivative with histamine H1-blocking, antimuscarinic, and sedative properties. It is used as an antiallergic, in pruritus, for motion sickness and sedation, and also in animals.. promethazine : A tertiary amine that is a substituted phenothiazine in which the ring nitrogen at position 10 is attached to C-3 of an N,N-dimethylpropan-2-amine moiety.		4.6780phenothiazines;
tertiary amine		anti-allergic agent;
anticoronaviral agent;
antiemetic;
antipruritic drug;
H1-receptor antagonist;
local anaesthetic;
sedative
propafenone
Propafenone: An antiarrhythmia agent that is particularly effective in ventricular arrhythmias. It also has weak beta-blocking activity.. propafenone : An aromatic ketone that is 3-(propylamino)propane-1,2-diol in which the hydrogen of the primary hydroxy group is replaced by a 2-(3-phenylpropanoyl)phenyl group. It is a class 1C antiarrhythmic drug with local anesthetic effects, and is used as the hydrochloride salt in the management of supraventricular and ventricular arrhythmias.		4.6580aromatic ketone;
secondary alcohol;
secondary amino compound		anti-arrhythmia drug
propanil
Propanil: A chlorinated anilide that is used as an herbicide.. propanil : An anilide resulting from the formal condensation of the carboxy group of propanoic acid with the amino group of 3,4-dichloroaniline. It is a herbicide used for the treatment of numerous grasses and broad-leaved weeds in rice, potatoes, and wheat.		2.1710anilide;
dichlorobenzene		herbicide
propantheline
Propantheline: A muscarinic antagonist used as an antispasmodic, in rhinitis, in urinary incontinence, and in the treatment of ulcers. At high doses it has nicotinic effects resulting in neuromuscular blocking.		3.2310xanthenes
propentofylline
[no description available]		2.4420oxopurine
propofol
Propofol: An intravenous anesthetic agent which has the advantage of a very rapid onset after infusion or bolus injection plus a very short recovery period of a couple of minutes. (From Smith and Reynard, Textbook of Pharmacology, 1992, 1st ed, p206). Propofol has been used as ANTICONVULSANTS and ANTIEMETICS.. propofol : A phenol resulting from the formal substitution of the hydrogen at the 2 position of 1,3-diisopropylbenzene by a hydroxy group.		4.5370phenolsanticonvulsant;
antiemetic;
intravenous anaesthetic;
radical scavenger;
sedative
propranolol
Propranolol: A widely used non-cardioselective beta-adrenergic antagonist. Propranolol has been used for MYOCARDIAL INFARCTION; ARRHYTHMIA; ANGINA PECTORIS; HYPERTENSION; HYPERTHYROIDISM; MIGRAINE; PHEOCHROMOCYTOMA; and ANXIETY but adverse effects instigate replacement by newer drugs.. propranolol : A propanolamine that is propan-2-ol substituted by a propan-2-ylamino group at position 1 and a naphthalen-1-yloxy group at position 3.		5.51200naphthalenes;
propanolamine;
secondary amine		anti-arrhythmia drug;
antihypertensive agent;
anxiolytic drug;
beta-adrenergic antagonist;
environmental contaminant;
human blood serum metabolite;
vasodilator agent;
xenobiotic
protriptyline
Protriptyline: Tricyclic antidepressant similar in action and side effects to IMIPRAMINE. It may produce excitation.		4.0640carbotricyclic compoundantidepressant
pyridinolcarbamate
Pyridinolcarbamate: A drug that has been given by mouth in the treatment of atherosclerosis and other vascular disorders, hyperlipidemias, and thrombo-embolic disorders. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p1408)		2.0510pyridines
pyridostigmine
[no description available]		3.620pyridinium ion
pyrilamine
Pyrilamine: A histamine H1 antagonist. It has mild hypnotic properties and some local anesthetic action and is used for allergies (including skin eruptions) both parenterally and locally. It is a common ingredient of cold remedies.. mepyramine : An ethylenediamine derivative that is ethylenediamine in which one of the amino nitrogens is substituted by two methyl groups and the remaining amino nitrogen is substituted by a 4-methoxybenzyl and a pyridin-2-yl group.		2.7430aromatic ether;
ethylenediamine derivative		H1-receptor antagonist
pyrimethamine
Maloprim: contains above 2 cpds		4.4260aminopyrimidine;
monochlorobenzenes		antimalarial;
antiprotozoal drug;
EC 1.5.1.3 (dihydrofolate reductase) inhibitor
sch 16134
quazepam: structure given in first source		3.5620benzodiazepine
quetiapine
[no description available]		3.6120dibenzothiazepine;
N-alkylpiperazine;
N-arylpiperazine		adrenergic antagonist;
dopaminergic antagonist;
histamine antagonist;
second generation antipsychotic;
serotonergic antagonist
rabeprazole
Rabeprazole: A 4-(3-methoxypropoxy)-3-methylpyridinyl derivative of timoprazole that is used in the therapy of STOMACH ULCERS and ZOLLINGER-ELLISON SYNDROME. The drug inhibits H(+)-K(+)-EXCHANGING ATPASE which is found in GASTRIC PARIETAL CELLS.		3.5920benzimidazoles;
pyridines;
sulfoxide		anti-ulcer drug;
EC 3.6.3.10 (H(+)/K(+)-exchanging ATPase) inhibitor
raloxifene
raloxifene : A member of the class of 1-benzothiophenes that is 1-benzothiophene in which the hydrogens at positions 2, 3, and 6 have been replaced by p-hydroxyphenyl, p-[2-(piperidin-1-yl)ethoxy]benzoyl, and hydroxy groups, respectively.		4.27501-benzothiophenes;
aromatic ketone;
N-oxyethylpiperidine;
phenols		bone density conservation agent;
estrogen antagonist;
estrogen receptor modulator
ranitidine
[no description available]		3.92120aralkylamine
opc 12759
rebamipide: structure in first source; RN refers to (+-)-isomer; inhibits gastric xanthine oxidase		2.0510secondary carboxamide
resorcinol
resorcinol: RN given refers to parent cpd; structure in Merck Index, 9th ed, #7951. resorcinol : A benzenediol that is benzene dihydroxylated at positions 1 and 3.		2.0410benzenediol;
phenolic donor;
resorcinols		erythropoietin inhibitor;
sensitiser
pf 5901
alpha-pentyl-3-(2-quinolinylmethoxy)benzenemethanol: structure given in first source; platelet activating factor antagonist		2.4420quinolines
riluzole
Riluzole: A glutamate antagonist (RECEPTORS, GLUTAMATE) used as an anticonvulsant (ANTICONVULSANTS) and to prolong the survival of patients with AMYOTROPHIC LATERAL SCLEROSIS.		4.85100benzothiazoles
rimantadine
Rimantadine: An RNA synthesis inhibitor that is used as an antiviral agent in the prophylaxis and treatment of influenza.		3.8530alkylamine
risperidone
Risperidone: A selective blocker of DOPAMINE D2 RECEPTORS and SEROTONIN 5-HT2 RECEPTORS that acts as an atypical antipsychotic agent. It has been shown to improve both positive and negative symptoms in the treatment of SCHIZOPHRENIA.. risperidone : A member of the class of pyridopyrimidines that is 2-methyl-6,7,8,9-tetrahydropyrido[1,2-a]pyrimidin-4-one carrying an additional 2-[4-(6-fluoro-1,2-benzoxazol-3-yl)piperidin-1-yl]ethyl group at position 2.		5.031201,2-benzoxazoles;
heteroarylpiperidine;
organofluorine compound;
pyridopyrimidine		alpha-adrenergic antagonist;
dopaminergic antagonist;
EC 3.4.21.26 (prolyl oligopeptidase) inhibitor;
H1-receptor antagonist;
psychotropic drug;
second generation antipsychotic;
serotonergic antagonist
ritanserin
Ritanserin: A selective and potent serotonin-2 antagonist that is effective in the treatment of a variety of syndromes related to anxiety and depression. The drug also improves the subjective quality of sleep and decreases portal pressure.. ritanserin : A thiazolopyrimidine that is 5H-[1,3]thiazolo[3,2-a]pyrimidin-5-one which is substituted at position 7 by a methyl group and at position 6 by a 2-{4-[bis(4-fluorophenyl)methylidene]piperidin-1-yl}ethyl group. A potent and long-acting seratonin (5-hydroxytryptamine, 5-HT) antagonist of the subtype 5-HT2 (Ki = 0.39 nM), it is used in the treatment of a variety of disorders including anxiety, depression and schizophrenia. It has little sedative action.		2.7330organofluorine compound;
piperidines;
thiazolopyrimidine		antidepressant;
antipsychotic agent;
anxiolytic drug;
dopaminergic antagonist;
EC 3.4.21.26 (prolyl oligopeptidase) inhibitor;
serotonergic antagonist
rizatriptan
rizatriptan: structure given in first source; RN given refers to benzoate		3.2310tryptaminesanti-inflammatory drug;
serotonergic agonist;
vasoconstrictor agent
4-(3-butoxy-4-methoxybenzyl)-2-imidazolidinone
4-(3-Butoxy-4-methoxybenzyl)-2-imidazolidinone: Inhibitor of phosphodiesterases.		2.0310methoxybenzenes
rofecoxib
[no description available]		2.9840butenolide;
sulfone		analgesic;
cyclooxygenase 2 inhibitor;
non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug
rolipram
[no description available]		2.0310pyrrolidin-2-onesantidepressant;
EC 3.1.4.* (phosphoric diester hydrolase) inhibitor
ropinirole
[no description available]		3.2310indolones;
tertiary amine		antidyskinesia agent;
antiparkinson drug;
central nervous system drug;
dopamine agonist
roxarsone
Roxarsone: An arsenic derivative which has anticoccidial action and promotes growth in animals.. roxarsone : An organoarsonic acid where the organyl group is 4-hydroxy-3-nitrophenyl.		2.07102-nitrophenols;
organoarsonic acid		agrochemical;
animal growth promotant;
antibacterial drug;
coccidiostat
salicylamide
salamide: a major impurity of hydrochlorothiazide; structure in first source		2.9540phenols;
salicylamides		antirheumatic drug;
non-narcotic analgesic
salmeterol xinafoate
salmeterol : A racemate consisting of equal parts of (R)- and (S)-salmeterol. It is a potent and selective beta2-adrenoceptor agonist (EC50 = 5.3 nM). Unlike other beta2 agonists, it binds to the exo-site domain of beta2 receptors, producing a slow onset of action and prolonged activation.. 2-(hydroxymethyl)-4-(1-hydroxy-2-{[6-(4-phenylbutoxy)hexyl]amino}ethyl)phenol : A phenol having a hydroxymethyl group at C-2 and a 1-hydroxy-2-{[6-(4-phenylbutoxy)hexyl]amino}ethyl group at C-4; derivative of phenylethanolamine.		2.4320ether;
phenols;
primary alcohol;
secondary alcohol;
secondary amino compound
sanguinarine
benzophenanthridine alkaloid : A specific group of isoquinoline alkaloids that occur only in higher plants and are constituents mainly of the Papaveraceae family.		2.0710alkaloid antibiotic;
benzophenanthridine alkaloid;
botanical anti-fungal agent
salicylsalicylic acid
salicylsalicylic acid: structure. salsalate : A dimeric benzoate ester obtained by intermolecular condensation between the carboxy of one molecule of salicylic acid with the phenol group of a second. It is a prodrug for salycylic acid that is used for treatment of rheumatoid arthritis and osteoarthritis and also shows activity against type II diabetes.		3.620benzoate ester;
benzoic acids;
phenols;
salicylates		antineoplastic agent;
antirheumatic drug;
EC 3.5.2.6 (beta-lactamase) inhibitor;
hypoglycemic agent;
non-narcotic analgesic;
non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug;
prodrug
sb 202190
4-(4-fluorophenyl)-2-(4-hydroxyphenyl)-5-(4-pyridyl)imidazole: structure given in first source; inhibits p38 MAP kinase		2.4420imidazoles;
organofluorine compound;
phenols;
pyridines		apoptosis inducer;
EC 2.7.11.24 (mitogen-activated protein kinase) inhibitor
secobarbital
Secobarbital: A barbiturate that is used as a sedative. Secobarbital is reported to have no anti-anxiety activity.. secobarbital : A member of the class of barbiturates that is barbituric acid in which the hydrogens at position 5 are substituted by prop-2-en-1-yl and pentan-2-yl groups.		3.2310barbituratesanaesthesia adjuvant;
GABA modulator;
sedative
semustine
Semustine: 4-Methyl derivative of LOMUSTINE; (CCNU). An antineoplastic agent which functions as an alkylating agent.. semustine : An organochlorine compound that is urea in which the two hydrogens on one of the amino groups are replaced by nitroso and 2-chloroethyl groups and one hydrogen from the other amino group is replaced by a 4-methylcyclohexyl group.		2.0410N-nitrosoureas;
organochlorine compound		alkylating agent;
antineoplastic agent;
carcinogenic agent
sevoflurane
Sevoflurane: A non-explosive inhalation anesthetic used in the induction and maintenance of general anesthesia. It does not cause respiratory irritation and may also prevent PLATELET AGGREGATION.. sevoflurane : An ether compound having fluoromethyl and 1,1,1,3,3,3-hexafluoroisopropyl as the two alkyl groups.		2.4420ether;
organofluorine compound		central nervous system depressant;
inhalation anaesthetic;
platelet aggregation inhibitor
sibutramine
sibutramine: serotonin and norepinephrine transporter inhibitor; Meridia is tradename for sibutramine hydrochloride		3.5920organochlorine compound;
tertiary amino compound		anti-obesity agent;
serotonin uptake inhibitor
sulfadiazine
Sulfadiazine: One of the short-acting SULFONAMIDES used in combination with PYRIMETHAMINE to treat toxoplasmosis in patients with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome and in newborns with congenital infections.. sulfadiazine : A sulfonamide consisting of pyrimidine with a 4-aminobenzenesulfonamido group at the 2-position.. diazine : The parent structure of the diazines.		4.6580pyrimidines;
substituted aniline;
sulfonamide antibiotic;
sulfonamide		antiinfective agent;
antimicrobial agent;
antiprotozoal drug;
coccidiostat;
drug allergen;
EC 1.1.1.153 [sepiapterin reductase (L-erythro-7,8-dihydrobiopterin forming)] inhibitor;
EC 2.5.1.15 (dihydropteroate synthase) inhibitor;
environmental contaminant;
xenobiotic
sobuzoxane
sobuzoxane: used in treatment of leukemia L1210		2.0310organic molecular entity
risedronic acid
Risedronic Acid: A pyridine and diphosphonic acid derivative that acts as a CALCIUM CHANNEL BLOCKER and inhibits BONE RESORPTION.		3.8730pyridines
sotalol
Sotalol: An adrenergic beta-antagonist that is used in the treatment of life-threatening arrhythmias.. sotalol : A sulfonamide that is N-phenylmethanesulfonamide in which the phenyl group is substituted at position 4 by a 1-hydroxy-2-(isopropylamino)ethyl group. It has both beta-adrenoreceptor blocking (Vaughan Williams Class II) and cardiac action potential duration prolongation (Vaughan Williams Class III) antiarrhythmic properties. It is used (usually as the hydrochloride salt) for the management of ventricular and supraventricular arrhythmias.		4.86100ethanolamines;
secondary alcohol;
secondary amino compound;
sulfonamide		anti-arrhythmia drug;
beta-adrenergic antagonist;
environmental contaminant;
xenobiotic
4-phenylbutyric acid, sodium salt
sodium phenylbutyrate : The organic sodium salt of 4-phenylbutyric acid. A prodrug for phenylacetate, it is used to treat urea cycle disorders.		2.0510organic sodium saltEC 3.5.1.98 (histone deacetylase) inhibitor;
geroprotector;
neuroprotective agent;
orphan drug;
prodrug
spiperone
Spiperone: A spiro butyrophenone analog similar to HALOPERIDOL and other related compounds. It has been recommended in the treatment of SCHIZOPHRENIA.. spiperone : An azaspiro compound that is 1,3,8-triazaspiro[4.5]decane which is substituted at positions 1, 4, and 8 by phenyl, oxo, and 4-(p-fluorophenyl)-4-oxobutyl groups, respectively.		2.0710aromatic ketone;
azaspiro compound;
organofluorine compound;
piperidines;
tertiary amino compound		alpha-adrenergic antagonist;
antipsychotic agent;
dopaminergic antagonist;
psychotropic drug;
serotonergic antagonist
spiroxatrine
spiroxatrine: structure		2.4420imidazolidines
sq 22536
9-(tetrahydrofuryl)adenine : A nucleoside analogue that is adenine in which the nitrogen at position 9 has been substituted by a tetrahydrofuran-2-yl group. It is an adenylate cyclase inhibitor.		2.0310nucleoside analogue;
oxolanes		EC 4.6.1.1 (adenylate cyclase) inhibitor
imatinib
[no description available]		4.2850aromatic amine;
benzamides;
N-methylpiperazine;
pyridines;
pyrimidines		antineoplastic agent;
apoptosis inducer;
tyrosine kinase inhibitor
streptonigrin
[no description available]		2.0410pyridines;
quinolone		antimicrobial agent;
antineoplastic agent
vorinostat
Vorinostat: A hydroxamic acid and anilide derivative that acts as a HISTONE DEACETYLASE inhibitor. It is used in the treatment of CUTANEOUS T-CELL LYMPHOMA and SEZARY SYNDROME.. vorinostat : A dicarboxylic acid diamide comprising suberic (octanedioic) acid coupled to aniline and hydroxylamine. A histone deacetylase inhibitor, it is marketed under the name Zolinza for the treatment of cutaneous T cell lymphoma (CTCL).		3.8730dicarboxylic acid diamide;
hydroxamic acid		antineoplastic agent;
apoptosis inducer;
EC 3.5.1.98 (histone deacetylase) inhibitor
succinylcholine
Succinylcholine: A quaternary skeletal muscle relaxant usually used in the form of its bromide, chloride, or iodide. It is a depolarizing relaxant, acting in about 30 seconds and with a duration of effect averaging three to five minutes. Succinylcholine is used in surgical, anesthetic, and other procedures in which a brief period of muscle relaxation is called for.. succinylcholine : A quaternary ammonium ion that is the bis-choline ester of succinic acid.		3.5920quaternary ammonium ion;
succinate ester		drug allergen;
muscle relaxant;
neuromuscular agent
succinylsulfathiazole
succinylsulfathiazole: intestinal antimicrobial agent; structure		2.07101,3-thiazoles
sulconazole
sulconazole: RN given refers to cpd with unspecified isomeric designation; structure given in first source. sulconazole : A racemate comprising equimolar amounts of (R)- and (S)-sulconazole. An antifungal agent with activity against Candida species, it is used (generally as the nitrate salt) for the topical treatment of fungal skin infections.. 1-{2-[(4-chlorobenzyl)sulfanyl]-2-(2,4-dichlorophenyl)ethyl}-1H-imidazole : A member of the class of imidazoles that is 1-ethyl-1H-imidazole in which one of the hydrogens of the methyl group is replaced by a (4-chlorobenzyl)sulfanediyl group while a second is replaced by a 2,4-dichlorophenyl group.		2.4220dichlorobenzene;
imidazoles;
monochlorobenzenes;
organic sulfide
sulfabenzamide
sulfabenzamide : A sulfonamide containing a benzamido substituent on nitrogen. An antibacterial/antimicrobial, it is often used in conjunction with sulfathiazole and sulfacetamide as a topical, intravaginal antibacterial preparation.		2.4620benzenes;
sulfonamide antibiotic;
sulfonamide		antibacterial drug;
antimicrobial drug
sulfacetamide
Sulfacetamide: An anti-bacterial agent that is used topically to treat skin infections and orally for urinary tract infections.. sulfacetamide : A sulfonamide that is sulfanilamide acylated on the sulfonamide nitrogen.		2.4620N-sulfonylcarboxamide;
substituted aniline		antibacterial drug;
antiinfective agent;
antimicrobial agent;
EC 2.5.1.15 (dihydropteroate synthase) inhibitor
sulfadimethoxine
Sulfadimethoxine: A sulfanilamide that is used as an anti-infective agent.. sulfadimethoxine : A sulfonamide consisting of pyrimidine having methoxy substituents at the 2- and 6-positions and a 4-aminobenzenesulfonamido group at the 4-position.		2.4720aromatic ether;
pyrimidines;
substituted aniline;
sulfonamide antibiotic;
sulfonamide		antiinfective agent;
antimicrobial agent;
drug allergen;
environmental contaminant;
xenobiotic
sulfaguanidine
Sulfaguanidine: A sulfanilamide antimicrobial agent that is used to treat enteric infections.. sulfaguanidine : A sulfonamide incorporating a guanidine moiety used to block the synthesis of folic acid; mostly used in veterinary medicine		2.0410sulfonamide antibioticantiinfective agent
sulfamerazine
[no description available]		2.4720pyrimidines;
sulfonamide antibiotic;
sulfonamide		antiinfective agent;
drug allergen
sulfameter
Sulfameter: Long acting sulfonamide used in leprosy, urinary, and respiratory tract infections.. sulfamethoxydiazine : A sulfonamide consisting of pyrimidine having a methoxy substituent at the 5-position and a 4-aminobenzenesulfonamido group at the 2-position.		2.0510pyrimidines;
sulfonamide antibiotic;
sulfonamide		antiinfective agent;
leprostatic drug;
renal agent
sulfamethazine
Sulfamethazine: A sulfanilamide anti-infective agent. It has a spectrum of antimicrobial action similar to other sulfonamides.. sulfamethazine : A sulfonamide consisting of pyrimidine with methyl substituents at the 4- and 6-positions and a 4-aminobenzenesulfonamido group at the 2-position.		2.7530pyrimidines;
sulfonamide antibiotic;
sulfonamide		antibacterial drug;
antiinfective agent;
antimicrobial agent;
carcinogenic agent;
drug allergen;
EC 2.5.1.15 (dihydropteroate synthase) inhibitor;
environmental contaminant;
ligand;
xenobiotic
sulfamethizole
Sulfamethizole: A sulfathiazole antibacterial agent.. sulfamethizole : A sulfonamide consisting of a 1,3,4-thiadiazole nucleus with a methyl substituent at C-5 and a 4-aminobenzenesulfonamido group at C-2.		4.2750sulfonamide antibiotic;
sulfonamide;
thiadiazoles		antiinfective agent;
antimicrobial agent;
drug allergen;
EC 2.5.1.15 (dihydropteroate synthase) inhibitor
sulfamethoxazole
Sulfamethoxazole: A bacteriostatic antibacterial agent that interferes with folic acid synthesis in susceptible bacteria. Its broad spectrum of activity has been limited by the development of resistance. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p208). sulfamethoxazole : An isoxazole (1,2-oxazole) compound having a methyl substituent at the 5-position and a 4-aminobenzenesulfonamido group at the 3-position.		3.6790isoxazoles;
substituted aniline;
sulfonamide antibiotic;
sulfonamide		antibacterial agent;
antiinfective agent;
antimicrobial agent;
drug allergen;
EC 1.1.1.153 [sepiapterin reductase (L-erythro-7,8-dihydrobiopterin forming)] inhibitor;
EC 2.5.1.15 (dihydropteroate synthase) inhibitor;
environmental contaminant;
epitope;
P450 inhibitor;
xenobiotic
sulfamethoxypyridazine
Sulfamethoxypyridazine: A sulfanilamide antibacterial agent.. sulfamethoxypyridazine : A sulfonamide consisting of pyridazine having a methoxy substituent at the 6-position and a 4-aminobenzenesulfonamido group at the 3-position.		2.0410pyridazines;
sulfonamide antibiotic;
sulfonamide		antiinfective agent;
drug allergen;
EC 2.5.1.15 (dihydropteroate synthase) inhibitor
sulfanilamide
[no description available]		2.9740substituted aniline;
sulfonamide antibiotic;
sulfonamide		antibacterial agent;
drug allergen;
EC 4.2.1.1 (carbonic anhydrase) inhibitor
sulfanitran
[no description available]		2.4620sulfonamide
sulfaphenazole
Sulfaphenazole: A sulfonilamide anti-infective agent.. sulfaphenazole : A sulfonamide that is sulfanilamide in which the sulfonamide nitrogen is substituted by a 1-phenyl-1H-pyrazol-5-yl group. It is a selective inhibitor of cytochrome P450 (CYP) 2C9 isozyme, and antibacterial agent.		2.9740primary amino compound;
pyrazoles;
substituted aniline;
sulfonamide antibiotic;
sulfonamide		antibacterial drug;
EC 1.14.13.181 (13-deoxydaunorubicin hydroxylase) inhibitor;
EC 1.14.13.67 (quinine 3-monooxygenase) inhibitor;
P450 inhibitor
sulfapyridine
Sulfapyridine: Antibacterial, potentially toxic, used to treat certain skin diseases.. sulfapyridine : A sulfonamide consisting of pyridine with a 4-aminobenzenesulfonamido group at the 2-position.		2.4520pyridines;
substituted aniline;
sulfonamide antibiotic;
sulfonamide		antiinfective agent;
dermatologic drug;
drug allergen;
environmental contaminant;
xenobiotic
sulfasalazine
Sulfasalazine: A drug that is used in the management of inflammatory bowel diseases. Its activity is generally considered to lie in its metabolic breakdown product, 5-aminosalicylic acid (see MESALAMINE) released in the colon. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p907). sulfasalazine : An azobenzene consisting of diphenyldiazene having a carboxy substituent at the 4-position, a hydroxy substituent at the 3-position and a 2-pyridylaminosulphonyl substituent at the 4'-position.		5.02120
sulfathiazole
Sulfathiazole: A sulfathiazole compound that is used as a short-acting anti-infective agent. It is no longer commonly used systemically due to its toxicity, but may still be applied topically in combination with other drugs for the treatment of vaginal and skin infections, and is still used in veterinary medicine.. sulfathiazole : A 1,3-thiazole compound having a 4-aminobenzenesulfonamido group at the 2-position.		3.86301,3-thiazoles;
substituted aniline;
sulfonamide antibiotic;
sulfonamide		antiinfective agent;
drug allergen;
EC 2.5.1.15 (dihydropteroate synthase) inhibitor;
environmental contaminant;
xenobiotic
sulfinpyrazone
Sulfinpyrazone: A uricosuric drug that is used to reduce the serum urate levels in gout therapy. It lacks anti-inflammatory, analgesic, and diuretic properties.		3.360pyrazolidines;
sulfoxide		uricosuric drug
sulfisoxazole
Sulfisoxazole: A short-acting sulfonamide antibacterial with activity against a wide range of gram- negative and gram-positive organisms.. sulfisoxazole : A sulfonamide antibacterial with an oxazole substituent. It has antibiotic activity against a wide range of gram-negative and gram-positive organisms.		2.9840isoxazoles;
sulfonamide antibiotic;
sulfonamide		antibacterial drug;
drug allergen
sulfobromophthalein
Sulfobromophthalein: A phenolphthalein that is used as a diagnostic aid in hepatic function determination.		2.05102-benzofurans;
organobromine compound;
organosulfonic acid;
phenols		dye
sulforaphane
sulforaphane: from Cardaria draba L.. sulforaphane : An isothiocyanate having a 4-(methylsulfinyl)butyl group attached to the nitrogen.		2.0510isothiocyanate;
sulfoxide		antineoplastic agent;
antioxidant;
EC 3.5.1.98 (histone deacetylase) inhibitor;
plant metabolite
sulfoxone
sulfoxone: RN given refers to parent cpd		2.0410sulfonamide
2-(octylamino)-1-[4-(propan-2-ylthio)phenyl]-1-propanol
[no description available]		3.8730alkylbenzene
sulpiride
Sulpiride: A dopamine D2-receptor antagonist. It has been used therapeutically as an antidepressant, antipsychotic, and as a digestive aid. (From Merck Index, 11th ed). sulpiride : A member of the class of benzamides obtained from formal condensation between the carboxy group of 2-methoxy-5-sulfamoylbenzoic acid and the primary amino group of (1-ethylpyrrolidin-2-yl)methylamine.		3.1650benzamides;
N-alkylpyrrolidine;
sulfonamide		antidepressant;
antiemetic;
antipsychotic agent;
dopaminergic antagonist
sumatriptan
Sumatriptan: A serotonin agonist that acts selectively at 5HT1 receptors. It is used in the treatment of MIGRAINE DISORDERS.. sumatriptan : A sulfonamide that consists of N,N-dimethyltryptamine bearing an additional (N-methylsulfamoyl)methyl substituent at position 5. Selective agonist for a vascular 5-HT1 receptor subtype (probably a member of the 5-HT1D family). Used (in the form of its succinate salt) for the acute treatment of migraine with or without aura in adults.		4.5470sulfonamide;
tryptamines		serotonergic agonist;
vasoconstrictor agent
suprofen
Suprofen: An IBUPROFEN-type anti-inflammatory analgesic and antipyretic. It inhibits prostaglandin synthesis and has been proposed as an anti-arthritic.. suprofen : An aromatic ketone that is thiophene substituted at C-2 by a 4-(1-carboxyethyl)benzoyl group.		2.4420aromatic ketone;
monocarboxylic acid;
thiophenes		antirheumatic drug;
drug allergen;
EC 1.14.99.1 (prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase) inhibitor;
non-narcotic analgesic;
non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug;
peripheral nervous system drug
suramin
Suramin: A polyanionic compound with an unknown mechanism of action. It is used parenterally in the treatment of African trypanosomiasis and it has been used clinically with diethylcarbamazine to kill the adult Onchocerca. (From AMA Drug Evaluations Annual, 1992, p1643) It has also been shown to have potent antineoplastic properties.. suramin : A member of the class of phenylureas that is urea in which each of the amino groups has been substituted by a 3-({2-methyl-5-[(4,6,8-trisulfo-1-naphthyl)carbamoyl]phenyl}carbamoyl)phenyl group. An activator of both the rabbit skeletal muscle RyR1 and sheep cardiac RyR2 isoform ryanodine receptor channels, it has been used for the treatment of human African trypanosomiasis for over 100 years.		7.74125naphthalenesulfonic acid;
phenylureas;
secondary carboxamide		angiogenesis inhibitor;
antinematodal drug;
antineoplastic agent;
apoptosis inhibitor;
EC 2.7.11.13 (protein kinase C) inhibitor;
GABA antagonist;
GABA-gated chloride channel antagonist;
purinergic receptor P2 antagonist;
ryanodine receptor agonist;
trypanocidal drug
t0156
[no description available]		2.4420naphthyridine derivative
gatifloxacin
Gatifloxacin: A fluoroquinolone antibacterial agent and DNA TOPOISOMERASE II inhibitor that is used as an ophthalmic solution for the treatment of BACTERIAL CONJUNCTIVITIS.. gatifloxacin : A monocarboxylic acid that is 4-oxo-1,4-dihydroquinoline-3-carboxylic acid which is substituted on the nitrogen by a cyclopropyl group and at positions 6, 7, and 8 by fluoro, 3-methylpiperazin-1-yl, and methoxy groups, respectively. Gatifloxacin is an antibiotic of the fourth-generation fluoroquinolone family, that like other members of that family, inhibits the bacterial topoisomerase type-II enzymes.		2.9840N-arylpiperazine;
organofluorine compound;
quinolinemonocarboxylic acid;
quinolone antibiotic;
quinolone		antiinfective agent;
antimicrobial agent;
EC 5.99.1.3 [DNA topoisomerase (ATP-hydrolysing)] inhibitor
tazarotene
tazarotene: a topical acetylenic retinoid; a topical kerytolytic. tazarotene : The ethyl ester of tazarotenic acid. A prodrug for tazarotenic acid, it is used for the treatment of psoriasis, acne, and sun-damaged skin.		2.4520acetylenic compound;
ethyl ester;
pyridines;
retinoid;
thiochromane		keratolytic drug;
prodrug;
teratogenic agent
1,4-bis(2-(3,5-dichloropyridyloxy))benzene
1,4-bis(2-(3,5-dichloropyridyloxy))benzene: potent phenobarbital-like inducer of microsomal monooxygenase activity; structure given in first source		2.0310
tegafur
[no description available]		5.6151organohalogen compound;
pyrimidines
telenzepine
telenzepine: structure given in first source		2.4720benzodiazepine
temazepam
Temazepam: A benzodiazepine that acts as a GAMMA-AMINOBUTYRIC ACID modulator and anti-anxiety agent.		3.8530benzodiazepine
temozolomide
[no description available]		4.2750imidazotetrazine;
monocarboxylic acid amide;
triazene derivative		alkylating agent;
antineoplastic agent;
prodrug
terazosin
Terazosin: induces decreased blood pressure; used in the treatment of benign prostatic hyperplasia		10.2490furans;
piperazines;
primary amino compound;
quinazolines		alpha-adrenergic antagonist;
antihypertensive agent;
antineoplastic agent
terbutaline
Terbutaline: A selective beta-2 adrenergic agonist used as a bronchodilator and tocolytic.. terbutaline : A member of the class of phenylethanolamines that is catechol substituted at position 5 by a 2-(tert-butylamino)-1-hydroxyethyl group.		4.5470phenylethanolamines;
resorcinols		anti-asthmatic drug;
beta-adrenergic agonist;
bronchodilator agent;
EC 3.1.1.7 (acetylcholinesterase) inhibitor;
hypoglycemic agent;
sympathomimetic agent;
tocolytic agent
terfenadine
Terfenadine: A selective histamine H1-receptor antagonist devoid of central nervous system depressant activity. The drug was used for ALLERGY but withdrawn due to causing LONG QT SYNDROME.		4130diarylmethane
tetracaine
Tetracaine: A potent local anesthetic of the ester type used for surface and spinal anesthesia.. tetracaine : A benzoate ester in which 4-N-butylbenzoic acid and 2-(dimethylamino)ethanol have combined to form the ester bond; a local ester anaesthetic (ester caine) used for surface and spinal anaesthesia.		2.9640benzoate ester;
tertiary amino compound		local anaesthetic
tetraethylammonium
Tetraethylammonium: A potassium-selective ion channel blocker. (From J Gen Phys 1994;104(1):173-90)		2.4620quaternary ammonium ion
tetraisopropylpyrophosphamide
Tetraisopropylpyrophosphamide: N,N',N'',N'''-Tetraisopropylpyrophosphamide. A specific inhibitor of pseudocholinesterases. It is commonly used experimentally to determine whether pseudo- or acetylcholinesterases are involved in an enzymatic process.		2.4420phosphoramide
tetrahydroxy-1,4-quinone
tetrahydroxy-1,4-quinone: structure. tetrahydroxy-1,4-benzoquinone : A hydroxybenzoquinone in which all four protons of the benzoquinone structure are substituted by hydroxy groups. A systemic keratolytic, it is normally supplied as its hydrate (CHEBI:137471).		2.0710hydroxybenzoquinonekeratolytic drug
thalidomide
Thalidomide: A piperidinyl isoindole originally introduced as a non-barbiturate hypnotic, but withdrawn from the market due to teratogenic effects. It has been reintroduced and used for a number of immunological and inflammatory disorders. Thalidomide displays immunosuppressive and anti-angiogenic activity. It inhibits release of TUMOR NECROSIS FACTOR-ALPHA from monocytes, and modulates other cytokine action.. thalidomide : A racemate comprising equimolar amounts of R- and S-thalidomide.. 2-(2,6-dioxopiperidin-3-yl)-1H-isoindole-1,3(2H)-dione : A dicarboximide that is isoindole-1,3(2H)-dione in which the hydrogen attached to the nitrogen is substituted by a 2,6-dioxopiperidin-3-yl group.		9.460phthalimides;
piperidones
theobromine
Theobromine: 3,7-Dimethylxanthine. The principle alkaloid in Theobroma cacao (the cacao bean) and other plants. A xanthine alkaloid that is used as a bronchodilator and as a vasodilator. It has a weaker diuretic activity than THEOPHYLLINE and is also a less powerful stimulant of smooth muscle. It has practically no stimulant effect on the central nervous system. It was formerly used as a diuretic and in the treatment of angina pectoris and hypertension. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, pp1318-9). theobromine : A dimethylxanthine having the two methyl groups located at positions 3 and 7. A purine alkaloid derived from the cacao plant, it is found in chocolate, as well as in a number of other foods, and is a vasodilator, diuretic and heart stimulator.		2.0310dimethylxanthineadenosine receptor antagonist;
bronchodilator agent;
food component;
human blood serum metabolite;
mouse metabolite;
plant metabolite;
vasodilator agent
thiabendazole
Tresaderm: dermatologic soln containing dexamethasone, thiabendazole & neomycin sulfate		4.08401,3-thiazoles;
benzimidazole fungicide;
benzimidazoles		antifungal agrochemical;
antinematodal drug
2,4-thiazolidinedione
thiazolidine-2,4-dione: structure in first source. 1,3-thiazolidine-2,4-dione : A thiazolidenedione carrying oxo substituents at positions 2 and 4.		3.110thiazolidenedione
2-thiosalicylic acid
2-thiosalicylic acid: a degradation product of thimerosal; RN given refers to parent cpd. thiosalicylic acid : A sulfanylbenzoic acid that is the 2-sulfanyl derivative of benzoic acid.		2.0710sulfanylbenzoic acidantipyretic;
non-narcotic analgesic
2,2'-thiodiethanol
2,2'-thiodiethanol: product of yperite hydrolysis; a hydrolysis product opf mustard gas; strongly stimulates differentiation of chick embryo myogenic cells. thiodiglycol : A diol that is pentane-1,5-diol in which the methylene group at position 3 is replaced by a sulfur atom		2.0410aliphatic sulfide;
diol		antineoplastic agent;
antioxidant;
metabolite;
solvent
thioridazine
Thioridazine: A phenothiazine antipsychotic used in the management of PHYCOSES, including SCHIZOPHRENIA.. thioridazine : A phenothiazine derivative having a methylsulfanyl subsitituent at the 2-position and a (1-methylpiperidin-2-yl)ethyl] group at the N-10 position.		4.7690phenothiazines;
piperidines		alpha-adrenergic antagonist;
dopaminergic antagonist;
EC 1.8.1.12 (trypanothione-disulfide reductase) inhibitor;
EC 3.4.21.26 (prolyl oligopeptidase) inhibitor;
first generation antipsychotic;
H1-receptor antagonist;
serotonergic antagonist
thiotepa
Thiotepa: A very toxic alkylating antineoplastic agent also used as an insect sterilant. It causes skin, gastrointestinal, CNS, and bone marrow damage. According to the Fourth Annual Report on Carcinogens (NTP 85-002, 1985), thiotepa may reasonably be anticipated to be a carcinogen (Merck Index, 11th ed).		4.5470aziridines
tiapride
[no description available]		2.0810benzamides
tiaprofenic acid
tiaprofenic acid: RN given refers to parent cpd; structure. tiaprofenic acid : An aromatic ketone that is thiophene substituted at C-2 by benzoyl and at C-4 by a 1-carboxyethyl group.		2.0510aromatic ketone;
monocarboxylic acid;
thiophenes		drug allergen;
non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug
ticlopidine
Ticlopidine: An effective inhibitor of platelet aggregation commonly used in the placement of STENTS in CORONARY ARTERIES.. ticlopidine : A thienopyridine that is 4,5,6,7-tetrahydrothieno[3,2-c]pyridine in which the hydrogen attached to the nitrogen is replaced by an o-chlorobenzyl group.		5.11130monochlorobenzenes;
thienopyridine		anticoagulant;
fibrin modulating drug;
hematologic agent;
P2Y12 receptor antagonist;
platelet aggregation inhibitor
tilorone
Tilorone: An antiviral agent used as its hydrochloride. It is the first recognized synthetic, low-molecular-weight compound that is an orally active interferon inducer, and is also reported to have antineoplastic and anti-inflammatory actions.. tilorone : A member of the class of fluoren-9-ones that is 9H-fluoren-9-one which is substituted by a 2-(diethylamino)ethoxy group at positions 2 and 7. It is an interferon inducer and a selective alpha7 nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (alpha7 nAChR) agonist. Its hydrochloride salt is used as an antiviral drug.		2.7630aromatic ether;
diether;
fluoren-9-ones;
tertiary amino compound		anti-inflammatory agent;
antineoplastic agent;
antiviral agent;
interferon inducer;
nicotinic acetylcholine receptor agonist
tinidazole
Tinidazole: A nitroimidazole alkylating agent that is used as an antitrichomonal agent against TRICHOMONAS VAGINALIS; ENTAMOEBA HISTOLYTICA; and GIARDIA LAMBLIA infections. It also acts as an antibacterial agent for the treatment of BACTERIAL VAGINOSIS and anaerobic bacterial infections.. tinidazole : 1H-imidazole substituted at C-1 by a (2-ethylsulfonyl)ethyl group, at C-2 by a methyl group and at C-5 by a nitro group. It is used as an antiprotozoal, antibacterial agent.		4.0840imidazolesantiamoebic agent;
antibacterial drug;
antiparasitic agent;
antiprotozoal drug
tioconazole
tioconazole : A racemate comprising equimolar amounts of (R)- and (S)-tioconazole.. 1-{2-[(2-chloro-3-thienyl)methoxy]-2-(2,4-dichlorophenyl)ethyl}imidazole : A member of the class of imidazoles that comprises 2-(2,4-dichlorophenyl)ethylimidazole carrying an additional (2-chloro-3-thienyl)methoxy substituent at position 2.		2.0210dichlorobenzene;
ether;
imidazoles;
thiophenes
tiopronin
Tiopronin: Sulfhydryl acylated derivative of GLYCINE.		3.8530N-acyl-amino acid
tizanidine
tizanidine: RN given refers to parent cpd; structure. tizanidine : 2,1,3-Benzothiadiazole substituted at C-4 by a Delta(1)-imidazolin-2-ylamino group and at C-4 by a chloro group. It is an agonist at alpha2-adrenergic receptor sites.		4.2650benzothiadiazole;
imidazoles		alpha-adrenergic agonist;
muscle relaxant
8-(n,n-diethylamino)octyl-3,4,5-trimethoxybenzoate
8-(N,N-diethylamino)octyl-3,4,5-trimethoxybenzoate: intracellular calcium antagonist; RN given refers to parent cpd		2.0310trihydroxybenzoic acid
nikethamide
Nikethamide: A central nervous system stimulant. It was formerly used in the treatment of barbiturate overdose but is now considered to be of no value for such purposes and may be dangerous. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p1229)		2.0810pyridinecarboxamide
tolazamide
Tolazamide: A sulphonylurea hypoglycemic agent with actions and uses similar to those of CHLORPROPAMIDE.. tolazamide : An N-sulfonylurea that is 1-tosylurea in which a hydrogen attached to the nitrogen at position 3 is replaced by an azepan-1-yl group. A hypoglycemic agent, it is used for the treatment of type 2 diabetes mellitus.		4.5470N-sulfonylureahypoglycemic agent;
potassium channel blocker
tolazoline
Tolazoline: A vasodilator that apparently has direct actions on blood vessels and also increases cardiac output. Tolazoline can interact to some degree with histamine, adrenergic, and cholinergic receptors, but the mechanisms of its therapeutic effects are not clear. It is used in treatment of persistent pulmonary hypertension of the newborn.. tolazoline : A member of the class of imidazoles that is 4,5-dihydro-1H-imidazole substituted by a benzyl group.		2.0710imidazolesalpha-adrenergic antagonist;
antihypertensive agent;
vasodilator agent
tolbutamide
Tolbutamide: A sulphonylurea hypoglycemic agent with actions and uses similar to those of CHLORPROPAMIDE. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p290). tolbutamide : An N-sulfonylurea that consists of 1-butylurea having a tosyl group attached at the 3-position.		5.18140N-sulfonylureahuman metabolite;
hypoglycemic agent;
insulin secretagogue;
potassium channel blocker
tolmetin
Tolmetin: A non-steroidal anti-inflammatory agent (ANTI-INFLAMMATORY AGENTS, NON-STEROIDAL) similar in mode of action to INDOMETHACIN.. tolmetin : A monocarboxylic acid that is (1-methylpyrrol-2-yl)acetic acid substituted at position 5 on the pyrrole ring by a 4-methylbenzoyl group. Used in the form of its sodium salt dihydrate as a nonselective nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug.		4.0940aromatic ketone;
monocarboxylic acid;
pyrroles		EC 1.14.99.1 (prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase) inhibitor;
non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug
tolnaftate
[no description available]		2.4820monothiocarbamic esterantifungal drug
tolperisone
Tolperisone: A centrally acting muscle relaxant that has been used for the symptomatic treatment of spasticity and muscle spasm. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p1211)		2.0510aromatic ketone
(1,2,5,6-tetrahydropyridin-4-yl)methylphosphinic acid
(1,2,5,6-tetrahydropyridin-4-yl)methylphosphinic acid: a GABA-C receptor antagonist; structure in first source		2.0310
ici 136,753
[no description available]		2.4420pyrazolopyridine
ultram
2-[(dimethylamino)methyl]-1-(3-methoxyphenyl)cyclohexanol : A tertiary alcohol that is cyclohexanol substituted at positions 1 and 2 by 3-methoxyphenyl and dimethylaminomethyl groups respectively.		4.460aromatic ether;
tertiary alcohol;
tertiary amino compound
tranexamic acid
Tranexamic Acid: Antifibrinolytic hemostatic used in severe hemorrhage.		4.0640amino acid
trapidil
Trapidil: A coronary vasodilator agent.		2.0710triazolopyrimidines
trazodone
Trazodone: A serotonin uptake inhibitor that is used as an antidepressive agent. It has been shown to be effective in patients with major depressive disorders and other subsets of depressive disorders. It is generally more useful in depressive disorders associated with insomnia and anxiety. This drug does not aggravate psychotic symptoms in patients with schizophrenia or schizoaffective disorders. (From AMA Drug Evaluations Annual, 1994, p309). trazodone : An N-arylpiperazine in which one nitrogen is substituted by a 3-chlorophenyl group, while the other is substituted by a 3-(3-oxo[1,2,4]triazolo[4,3-a]pyridin-2(3H)-yl)propyl group.		4.7790monochlorobenzenes;
N-alkylpiperazine;
N-arylpiperazine;
triazolopyridine		adrenergic antagonist;
antidepressant;
anxiolytic drug;
H1-receptor antagonist;
sedative;
serotonin uptake inhibitor
triamterene
Triamterene: A pteridinetriamine compound that inhibits SODIUM reabsorption through SODIUM CHANNELS in renal EPITHELIAL CELLS.. triamterene : Pteridine substituted at positions 2, 4 and 7 with amino groups and at position 6 with a phenyl group. A sodium channel blocker, it is used as a diuretic in the treatment of hypertension and oedema.		4.6580pteridinesdiuretic;
sodium channel blocker
triazolam
Triazolam: A short-acting benzodiazepine used in the treatment of insomnia. Some countries temporarily withdrew triazolam from the market because of concerns about adverse reactions, mostly psychological, associated with higher dose ranges. Its use at lower doses with appropriate care and labeling has been reaffirmed by the FDA and most other countries.		4.2550triazolobenzodiazepinesedative
trichlormethiazide
Trichlormethiazide: A thiazide diuretic with properties similar to those of HYDROCHLOROTHIAZIDE. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p830). trichlormethiazide : A benzothiadiazine, hydrogenated at positions 2, 3 and 4 and substituted with an aminosulfonyl group at C-7, a chloro substituent at C-6 and a dichloromethyl group at C-3 and with S-1 as an S,S-dioxide. A sulfonamide antibiotic, it is used as a diuretic to treat oedema (including that associated with heart failure) and hypertension.		2.0410benzothiadiazine;
sulfonamide antibiotic		antihypertensive agent;
diuretic
2,2',2''-trichlorotriethylamine
2,2',2''-trichlorotriethylamine: RN given refers to parent cpd; structure		2.0410
triclosan
[no description available]		2.0510aromatic ether;
dichlorobenzene;
monochlorobenzenes;
phenols		antibacterial agent;
antimalarial;
drug allergen;
EC 1.3.1.9 [enoyl-[acyl-carrier-protein] reductase (NADH)] inhibitor;
EC 1.5.1.3 (dihydrofolate reductase) inhibitor;
fungicide;
persistent organic pollutant;
xenobiotic
trientine
Trientine: An ethylenediamine derivative used as stabilizer for EPOXY RESINS, as ampholyte for ISOELECTRIC FOCUSING and as chelating agent for copper in HEPATOLENTICULAR DEGENERATION.. TETA : An azamacrocyle in which four nitrogen atoms at positions 1, 4, 8 and 11 of a fouteen-membered ring are each substituted with a carboxymethyl group.. 2,2,2-tetramine : A polyazaalkane that is decane in which the carbon atoms at positions 1, 4, 7 and 10 are replaced by nitrogens.		2.0210polyazaalkane;
tetramine		copper chelator
trifluoperazine
[no description available]		4.6680N-alkylpiperazine;
N-methylpiperazine;
organofluorine compound;
phenothiazines		antiemetic;
calmodulin antagonist;
dopaminergic antagonist;
EC 1.8.1.12 (trypanothione-disulfide reductase) inhibitor;
EC 5.3.3.5 (cholestenol Delta-isomerase) inhibitor;
phenothiazine antipsychotic drug
trifluperidol
Trifluperidol: A butyrophenone with general properties similar to those of HALOPERIDOL. It is used in the treatment of PSYCHOSES including MANIA and SCHIZOPHRENIA. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p621)		2.0710aromatic ketone
triflupromazine
Triflupromazine: A phenothiazine used as an antipsychotic agent and as an antiemetic.. triflupromazine : A member of the class of phenothiazines that is 10H-phenothiazine having a trifluoromethyl subsitituent at the 2-position and a 3-(dimethylamino)propyl group at the N-10 position.		2.4720organofluorine compound;
phenothiazines;
tertiary amine		anticoronaviral agent;
antiemetic;
dopaminergic antagonist;
first generation antipsychotic
trihexyphenidyl
Trihexyphenidyl: One of the centrally acting MUSCARINIC ANTAGONISTS used for treatment of PARKINSONIAN DISORDERS and drug-induced extrapyramidal movement disorders and as an antispasmodic.		3.5820amine
trimebutine
Trimebutine: Proposed spasmolytic with possible local anesthetic action used in gastrointestinal disorders.		2.0710trihydroxybenzoic acid
trimeprazine
Trimeprazine: A phenothiazine derivative that is used as an antipruritic.		2.0710phenothiazines
trimethadione
Trimethadione: An anticonvulsant effective in absence seizures, but generally reserved for refractory cases because of its toxicity. (From AMA Drug Evaluations Annual, 1994, p378). trimethadione : An oxazolidinone that is 1,3-oxazolidine-2,4-dione substituted by methyl groups at positions 3, 5 and 5. It is an antiepileptic agent.		4.5470oxazolidinoneanticonvulsant;
geroprotector
trimethobenzamide
trimethobenzamide: major descriptor (64-84); on-line search BENZAMIDES (64-84); Index Medicus search TRIMETHOBENZAMIDE (64-84); RN given refers to parent cpd. trimethobenzamide : The amide obtained by formal condensation of 3,4,5-trihydroxybenzoic acid with 4-[2-(N,N-dimethylamino)ethoxy]benzylamine. It is used to prevent nausea and vomitting in humans.		3.2310benzamides;
tertiary amino compound		antiemetic
trimethoprim
Trimethoprim: A pyrimidine inhibitor of dihydrofolate reductase, it is an antibacterial related to PYRIMETHAMINE. It is potentiated by SULFONAMIDES and the TRIMETHOPRIM, SULFAMETHOXAZOLE DRUG COMBINATION is the form most often used. It is sometimes used alone as an antimalarial. TRIMETHOPRIM RESISTANCE has been reported.. trimethoprim : An aminopyrimidine antibiotic whose structure consists of pyrimidine 2,4-diamine and 1,2,3-trimethoxybenzene moieties linked by a methylene bridge.		5.29160aminopyrimidine;
methoxybenzenes		antibacterial drug;
diuretic;
drug allergen;
EC 1.5.1.3 (dihydrofolate reductase) inhibitor;
environmental contaminant;
xenobiotic
trimetrexate
Trimetrexate: A nonclassical folic acid inhibitor through its inhibition of the enzyme dihydrofolate reductase. It is being tested for efficacy as an antineoplastic agent and as an antiparasitic agent against PNEUMOCYSTIS PNEUMONIA in AIDS patients. Myelosuppression is its dose-limiting toxic effect.		3.8430
trimipramine
Trimipramine: Tricyclic antidepressant similar to IMIPRAMINE, but with more antihistaminic and sedative properties.. trimipramine : A dibenzoazepine that is 10,11-dihydro-5H-dibenzo[b,f]azepine substituted by a 3-(dimethylamino)-2-methylpropyl group at the nitrogen atom. It is used as an antidepressant.		4.0640dibenzoazepine;
tertiary amino compound		antidepressant;
environmental contaminant;
xenobiotic
trioxsalen
Trioxsalen: Pigmenting photosensitizing agent obtained from several plants, mainly Psoralea corylifolia. It is administered either topically or orally in conjunction with ultraviolet light in the treatment of vitiligo.. lactone : Any cyclic carboxylic ester containing a 1-oxacycloalkan-2-one structure, or an analogue having unsaturation or heteroatoms replacing one or more carbon atoms of the ring.. antipsoriatic : A drug used to treat psoriasis.. trioxsalen : 7H-Furo[3,2-g]chromen-7-one in which positions 2, 5, and 9 are substituted by methyl groups. Like other psoralens, trioxsalen causes photosensitization of the skin. It is administered orally in conjunction with UV-A for phototherapy treatment of vitiligo. After photoactivation it creates interstrand cross-links in DNA, inhibiting DNA synthesis and cell division, and can lead to cell injury; recovery from the cell injury may be followed by increased melanisation of the epidermis.		2.0710psoralensdermatologic drug;
photosensitizing agent
tripelennamine
Tripelennamine: A histamine H1 antagonist with low sedative action but frequent gastrointestinal irritation. It is used to treat ASTHMA; HAY FEVER; URTICARIA; and RHINITIS; and also in veterinary applications. Tripelennamine is administered by various routes, including topically.		2.4420aromatic amine
troglitazone
Troglitazone: A chroman and thiazolidinedione derivative that acts as a PEROXISOME PROLIFERATOR-ACTIVATED RECEPTORS (PPAR) agonist. It was formerly used in the treatment of TYPE 2 DIABETES MELLITUS, but has been withdrawn due to hepatotoxicity.		5.75150chromanes;
thiazolidinone		anticoagulant;
anticonvulsant;
antineoplastic agent;
antioxidant;
EC 6.2.1.3 (long-chain-fatty-acid--CoA ligase) inhibitor;
ferroptosis inhibitor;
hypoglycemic agent;
platelet aggregation inhibitor;
vasodilator agent
tropicamide
Tropicamide: One of the MUSCARINIC ANTAGONISTS with pharmacologic action similar to ATROPINE and used mainly as an ophthalmic parasympatholytic or mydriatic.		2.4620acetamides
thenoyltrifluoroacetone
Thenoyltrifluoroacetone: Chelating agent and inhibitor of cellular respiration.		2.0810
tulobuterol
[no description available]		2.0710organochlorine compound
tyramine
[no description available]		3.2310monoamine molecular messenger;
primary amino compound;
tyramines		EC 3.1.1.8 (cholinesterase) inhibitor;
Escherichia coli metabolite;
human metabolite;
mouse metabolite;
neurotransmitter
tyrphostin a9
[no description available]		2.4420alkylbenzenegeroprotector
delavirdine
Delavirdine: A potent, non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor with activity specific for HIV-1.. delavirdine : The amide resulting from the formal condensation of 5-[(methylsulfonyl)amino]-1H-indole-2-carboxylic acid and 4-amino group of 1-[3-(isopropylamino)pyridin-2-yl]piperazine, delavirdine is a non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor with activity specific for HIV-1. Viral resistance emerges rapidly when delavirdine is used alone, so it is therefore used (as the methanesulfonic acid salt) with other antiretrovirals for combination therapy of HIV infection.		3.5520aminopyridine;
indolecarboxamide;
N-acylpiperazine;
sulfonamide		antiviral drug;
HIV-1 reverse transcriptase inhibitor
undecylenic acid
undecylenic acid: a fatty acid with a terminal double bond. 10-undecenoic acid : An undecenoic acid having its double bond in the 10-position. It is derived from castor oil and is used for the treatment of skin problems.. undecenoic acid : A C11, straight-chain fatty acid carrying a C=C double bond at any position.		2.0810undecenoic acidantifungal drug;
plant metabolite
urapidil
[no description available]		2.9740piperazines
urethane
[no description available]		2.4620carbamate esterfungal metabolite;
mutagen
venlafaxine
venlafaxine : A tertiary amino compound that is N,N-dimethylethanamine substituted at position 1 by a 1-hydroxycyclohexyl and 4-methoxyphenyl group.		4.7790cyclohexanols;
monomethoxybenzene;
tertiary alcohol;
tertiary amino compound		adrenergic uptake inhibitor;
analgesic;
antidepressant;
dopamine uptake inhibitor;
environmental contaminant;
serotonin uptake inhibitor;
xenobiotic
vesamicol
vesamicol: RN given refers to parent cpd; structure		2.0410piperidines
vesnarinone
[no description available]		2.0510organic molecular entity
vigabatrin
[no description available]		4.0840gamma-amino acidanticonvulsant;
EC 2.6.1.19 (4-aminobutyrate--2-oxoglutarate transaminase) inhibitor
pirinixic acid
pirinixic acid: structure		2.9840aryl sulfide;
organochlorine compound;
pyrimidines
8-(4-((2-aminoethyl)aminocarbonylmethyloxy)phenyl)-1,3-dipropylxanthine
8-(4-((2-aminoethyl)aminocarbonylmethyloxy)phenyl)-1,3-dipropylxanthine: adenosine receptor antagonist		2.4420
xylazine
Xylazine: An adrenergic alpha-2 agonist used as a sedative, analgesic and centrally acting muscle relaxant in VETERINARY MEDICINE.. xylazine : A methyl benzene that is 1,3-dimethylbenzene which is substituted by a 5,6-dihydro-4H-1,3-thiazin-2-ylnitrilo group at position 2. It is an alpha2 adrenergic receptor agonist and frequently used in veterinary medicine as an emetic and sedative with analgesic and muscle relaxant properties.		2.07101,3-thiazine;
methylbenzene;
secondary amino compound		alpha-adrenergic agonist;
analgesic;
emetic;
muscle relaxant;
sedative
xylometazoline
xylometazoline: RN given refers to parent cpd; structure		2.0710alkylbenzene
3-(5'-hydroxymethyl-2'-furyl)-1-benzylindazole
3-(5'-hydroxymethyl-2'-furyl)-1-benzylindazole: antineoplastic; activates platelet guanylate cyclase; a radiosensitizing agent and guanylate cyclase activator; structure in first source. lificiguat : A member of the class of indazoles that is 1H-indazole which is substituted by a benzyl group at position 1 and a 5-(hydroxymethyl)-2-furyl group at position 3. It is an activator of soluble guanylate cyclase and inhibits platelet aggregation.		2.4420aromatic primary alcohol;
furans;
indazoles		antineoplastic agent;
apoptosis inducer;
platelet aggregation inhibitor;
soluble guanylate cyclase activator;
vasodilator agent
ici 204,219
zafirlukast: a leukotriene D4 receptor antagonist		4.96110carbamate ester;
indoles;
N-sulfonylcarboxamide		anti-asthmatic agent;
leukotriene antagonist
zaleplon
zaleplon: an azabicyclo(4.3.0)nonane; a nonbenzodiazepine; one of the so-called of Z drugs (zopiclone, eszopiclone, zolpidem, and zaleplon) for which there is some correlation with tumors; a hypnotic with less marked effect on psychomotor functions compared to lorazepam. zaleplon : A pyrazolo[1,5-a]pyrimidine having a nitrile group at position 3 and a 3-(N-ethylacetamido)phenyl substituent at the 7-position.		3.6120nitrile;
pyrazolopyrimidine		anticonvulsant;
anxiolytic drug;
central nervous system depressant;
sedative
zardaverine
zardaverine: structure given in first source. zardaverine : A pyridazinone derivative in which pyridazin-3(2H)-one is substituted at C-6 with a 4-(difluoromethoxy)-3-methoxyphenyl group. It is a phosphodiesterase inhibitor, selective for PDE3 and 4.		2.0310organofluorine compound;
pyridazinone		anti-asthmatic drug;
bronchodilator agent;
EC 3.1.4.* (phosphoric diester hydrolase) inhibitor;
peripheral nervous system drug
zolpidem
Zolpidem: An imidazopyridine derivative and short-acting GABA-A receptor agonist that is used for the treatment of INSOMNIA.. zolpidem : An imidazo[1,2-a]pyridine compound having a 4-tolyl group at the 2-position, an N,N-dimethylcarbamoylmethyl group at the 3-position and a methyl substituent at the 6-position.		4.5470imidazopyridinecentral nervous system depressant;
GABA agonist;
sedative
zomepirac
zomepirac: RN given refers to parent cpd; structure		3.3160aromatic ketone;
monocarboxylic acid;
monochlorobenzenes;
pyrroles		cardiovascular drug;
non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug
zonisamide
Zonisamide: A benzisoxazole and sulfonamide derivative that acts as a CALCIUM CHANNEL blocker. It is used primarily as an adjunctive antiepileptic agent for the treatment of PARTIAL SEIZURES, with or without secondary generalization.. zonisamide : A 1,2-benzoxazole compound having a sulfamoylmethyl substituent at the 3-position.		3.87301,2-benzoxazoles;
sulfonamide		anticonvulsant;
antioxidant;
central nervous system drug;
protective agent;
T-type calcium channel blocker
zopiclone
zopiclone: S(+)-enantiomer of racemic zopiclone; azabicyclo(4.3.0)nonane; a nonbenzodiazepine; one of the so-called of Z drugs (zopiclone, eszopiclone, zolpidem, and zaleplon) for which there is some correlation with tumors; was term of zopiclone 2004-2007. zopiclone : A pyrrolo[3,4-b]pyrazine compound having a 4-methylpiperazine-1-carboxyl group at the 5-position, a 5-chloropyridin-2-yl group at the 6-position and an oxo-substituent at the 7-position.		2.4720monochloropyridine;
pyrrolopyrazine		central nervous system depressant;
sedative
guanidine hydrochloride
[no description available]		2.0510one-carbon compound;
organic chloride salt		protein denaturant
hydrocortisone acetate
hydrocortisone acetate: RN given refers to cpd without isomeric designation		2.420cortisol ester;
tertiary alpha-hydroxy ketone
cortisone acetate
Cortisone Acetate: The acetate ester of cortisone that is used mainly for replacement therapy in adrenocortical insufficiency and in the treatment of many allergic and inflammatory disorders.		3.8530corticosteroid hormone
mitomycin
Mitomycin: An antineoplastic antibiotic produced by Streptomyces caespitosus. It is one of the bi- or tri-functional ALKYLATING AGENTS causing cross-linking of DNA and inhibition of DNA synthesis.. mitomycin : A family of aziridine-containing natural products isolated from Streptomyces caespitosus or Streptomyces lavendulae.		5.6351mitomycinalkylating agent;
antineoplastic agent
oxyphenonium
Oxyphenonium: A quaternary ammonium anticholinergic agent with peripheral side effects similar to those of ATROPINE. It is used as an adjunct in the treatment of gastric and duodenal ulcer, and to relieve visceral spasms. The drug has also been used in the form of eye drops for mydriatic effect.		2.4620acylcholine
corticosterone
[no description available]		4.1816011beta-hydroxy steroid;
20-oxo steroid;
21-hydroxy steroid;
3-oxo-Delta(4) steroid;
C21-steroid;
glucocorticoid;
primary alpha-hydroxy ketone		human metabolite;
mouse metabolite
prednisolone
Prednisolone: A glucocorticoid with the general properties of the corticosteroids. It is the drug of choice for all conditions in which routine systemic corticosteroid therapy is indicated, except adrenal deficiency states.. prednisolone : A glucocorticoid that is prednisone in which the oxo group at position 11 has been reduced to the corresponding beta-hydroxy group. It is a drug metabolite of prednisone.		12.2412111beta-hydroxy steroid;
17alpha-hydroxy steroid;
20-oxo steroid;
21-hydroxy steroid;
3-oxo-Delta(1),Delta(4)-steroid;
C21-steroid;
glucocorticoid;
primary alpha-hydroxy ketone;
tertiary alpha-hydroxy ketone		adrenergic agent;
anti-inflammatory drug;
antineoplastic agent;
drug metabolite;
environmental contaminant;
immunosuppressive agent;
xenobiotic
estriol
hormonin: estrogen replacement; each tablet contains 600 ug micronized 17beta-estradiol, 270 ug estriol and 1.4 mg estrone. chlorapatite : A phosphate mineral with the formula Ca5(PO4)3Cl.		4.215016alpha-hydroxy steroid;
17beta-hydroxy steroid;
3-hydroxy steroid		estrogen;
human metabolite;
human xenobiotic metabolite;
mouse metabolite
lysergic acid diethylamide
Lysergic Acid Diethylamide: Semisynthetic derivative of ergot (Claviceps purpurea). It has complex effects on serotonergic systems including antagonism at some peripheral serotonin receptors, both agonist and antagonist actions at central nervous system serotonin receptors, and possibly effects on serotonin turnover. It is a potent hallucinogen, but the mechanisms of that effect are not well understood.. lysergic acid diethylamide : An ergoline alkaloid arising from formal condensation of lysergic acid with diethylamine.		2.0510ergoline alkaloid;
monocarboxylic acid amide;
organic heterotetracyclic compound		dopamine agonist;
hallucinogen;
serotonergic agonist
reserpine
Reserpine: An alkaloid found in the roots of Rauwolfia serpentina and R. vomitoria. Reserpine inhibits the uptake of norepinephrine into storage vesicles resulting in depletion of catecholamines and serotonin from central and peripheral axon terminals. It has been used as an antihypertensive and an antipsychotic as well as a research tool, but its adverse effects limit its clinical use.. reserpine : An alkaloid found in the roots of Rauwolfia serpentina and R. vomitoria.		4.95110alkaloid ester;
methyl ester;
yohimban alkaloid		adrenergic uptake inhibitor;
antihypertensive agent;
EC 3.4.21.26 (prolyl oligopeptidase) inhibitor;
environmental contaminant;
first generation antipsychotic;
plant metabolite;
xenobiotic
cephaloridine
Cephaloridine: A cephalosporin antibiotic.. cefaloridine : A cephalosporin compound having pyridinium-1-ylmethyl and 2-thienylacetamido side-groups. A first-generation semisynthetic derivative of cephalosporin C.		2.7530beta-lactam antibiotic allergen;
cephalosporin;
semisynthetic derivative		antibacterial drug
phentolamine
Phentolamine: A nonselective alpha-adrenergic antagonist. It is used in the treatment of hypertension and hypertensive emergencies, pheochromocytoma, vasospasm of RAYNAUD DISEASE and frostbite, clonidine withdrawal syndrome, impotence, and peripheral vascular disease.. phentolamine : A substituted aniline that is 3-aminophenol in which the hydrogens of the amino group are replaced by 4-methylphenyl and 4,5-dihydro-1H-imidazol-2-ylmethyl groups respectively. An alpha-adrenergic antagonist, it is used for the treatment of hypertension.		4.4460imidazoles;
phenols;
substituted aniline;
tertiary amino compound		alpha-adrenergic antagonist;
vasodilator agent
sorbitol
D-glucitol : The D-enantiomer of glucitol (also known as D-sorbitol).		4.0840glucitolcathartic;
Escherichia coli metabolite;
food humectant;
human metabolite;
laxative;
metabolite;
mouse metabolite;
Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite;
sweetening agent
thymidine
[no description available]		3.69100pyrimidine 2'-deoxyribonucleosideEscherichia coli metabolite;
human metabolite;
metabolite;
mouse metabolite
floxuridine
Floxuridine: An antineoplastic antimetabolite that is metabolized to fluorouracil when administered by rapid injection; when administered by slow, continuous, intra-arterial infusion, it is converted to floxuridine monophosphate. It has been used to treat hepatic metastases of gastrointestinal adenocarcinomas and for palliation in malignant neoplasms of the liver and gastrointestinal tract.. floxuridine : A pyrimidine 2'-deoxyribonucleoside compound having 5-fluorouracil as the nucleobase; used to treat hepatic metastases of gastrointestinal adenocarcinomas and for palliation in malignant neoplasms of the liver and gastrointestinal tract.		3.360nucleoside analogue;
organofluorine compound;
pyrimidine 2'-deoxyribonucleoside		antimetabolite;
antineoplastic agent;
antiviral drug;
radiosensitizing agent
piperonyl butoxide
[no description available]		2.4720benzodioxolespesticide synergist
procaine hydrochloride
Gerovital H3: Contains mainly procaine & small amounts of benzoic acid, potassium metabisulfite & disodium phosphate		2.0310organic molecular entity
triethylenemelamine
Triethylenemelamine: Toxic alkylating agent used in industry; also as antineoplastic and research tool to produce chromosome aberrations and cancers.		2.04101,3,5-triazinesalkylating agent;
insect sterilant
2-aminophenol
[no description available]		7.3110aminophenolbacterial metabolite
bromouracil
Bromouracil: 5-Bromo-2,4(1H,3H)-pyrimidinedione. Brominated derivative of uracil that acts as an antimetabolite, substituting for thymine in DNA. It is used mainly as an experimental mutagen, but its deoxyriboside (BROMODEOXYURIDINE) is used to treat neoplasms.. 5-bromouracil : A pyrimidine having keto groups at the 2- and 4-positions and a bromo group at the 5-position. Used mainly as an experimental mutagen.		2.0510nucleobase analogue;
pyrimidines		mutagen
3,3',5-triiodothyroacetic acid
tiratricol : A monocarboxylic acid that is (4-hydroxy-3,5-diiodophenyl)acetic acid in which the phenolic hydroxy group has been replaced by a 4-hydroxy-3-iodophenoxy group. It is a thyroid hormone analogue that has been used in the treatment of thyroid hormone resistance syndrome.		2.0510
isoproterenol hydrochloride
[no description available]		2.9640catechols
hydroxyproline
Hydroxyproline: A hydroxylated form of the imino acid proline. A deficiency in ASCORBIC ACID can result in impaired hydroxyproline formation.. hydroxyproline : A proline derivative that is proline substituted by at least one hydroxy group.		2.68304-hydroxyproline;
L-alpha-amino acid zwitterion		human metabolite;
mouse metabolite;
plant metabolite
histamine dihydrochloride
Ceplene: Tradename for histamine dihydrochloride.		2.4520
thyroxine
Thyroxine: The major hormone derived from the thyroid gland. Thyroxine is synthesized via the iodination of tyrosines (MONOIODOTYROSINE) and the coupling of iodotyrosines (DIIODOTYROSINE) in the THYROGLOBULIN. Thyroxine is released from thyroglobulin by proteolysis and secreted into the blood. Thyroxine is peripherally deiodinated to form TRIIODOTHYRONINE which exerts a broad spectrum of stimulatory effects on cell metabolism.. thyroxine : An iodothyronine compound having iodo substituents at the 3-, 3'-, 5- and 5'-positions.		5.78612-halophenol;
iodophenol;
L-phenylalanine derivative;
non-proteinogenic L-alpha-amino acid;
thyroxine zwitterion;
thyroxine		antithyroid drug;
human metabolite;
mouse metabolite;
thyroid hormone
dextroamphetamine
Dextroamphetamine: The d-form of AMPHETAMINE. It is a central nervous system stimulant and a sympathomimetic. It has also been used in the treatment of narcolepsy and of attention deficit disorders and hyperactivity in children. Dextroamphetamine has multiple mechanisms of action including blocking uptake of adrenergics and dopamine, stimulating release of monamines, and inhibiting monoamine oxidase. It is also a drug of abuse and a psychotomimetic.. (S)-amphetamine : A 1-phenylpropan-2-amine that has S configuration.		3.59201-phenylpropan-2-amineadrenergic agent;
adrenergic uptake inhibitor;
dopamine uptake inhibitor;
dopaminergic agent;
neurotoxin;
sympathomimetic agent
carbachol
Carbachol: A slowly hydrolyzed CHOLINERGIC AGONIST that acts at both MUSCARINIC RECEPTORS and NICOTINIC RECEPTORS.		2.9540ammonium salt;
carbamate ester		cardiotonic drug;
miotic;
muscarinic agonist;
nicotinic acetylcholine receptor agonist;
non-narcotic analgesic
norethindrone acetate
norethisterone acetate : A 3-oxo Delta(4)-steroid that is norethisterone in which the hydroxy group has been converted to its acetate ester.		2.44203-oxo-Delta(4) steroid;
acetate ester;
terminal acetylenic compound		progestin;
synthetic oral contraceptive
spironolactone
Spironolactone: A potassium sparing diuretic that acts by antagonism of aldosterone in the distal renal tubules. It is used mainly in the treatment of refractory edema in patients with congestive heart failure, nephrotic syndrome, or hepatic cirrhosis. Its effects on the endocrine system are utilized in the treatments of hirsutism and acne but they can lead to adverse effects. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p827). spironolactone : A steroid lactone that is 17alpha-pregn-4-ene-21,17-carbolactone substituted by an oxo group at position 3 and an alpha-acetylsulfanyl group at position 7.		15.2964123-oxo-Delta(4) steroid;
oxaspiro compound;
steroid lactone;
thioester		aldosterone antagonist;
antihypertensive agent;
diuretic;
environmental contaminant;
xenobiotic
cyclobarbital
cyclobarbital: was heading 1977-94 (see under BARBITURATES 1977-90); CYCLOBARBITONE, HEXEMAL, & TETRAHYDROPHENOBARBITAL were see CYCLOBARBITAL 1977-94; use BARBITURATES to search CYCLOBARBITAL 1977-94; short to intermediate duration barbiturate used as hypnotic and sedative		2.0510barbiturates
aldosterone
[no description available]		7.793011beta-hydroxy steroid;
18-oxo steroid;
20-oxo steroid;
21-hydroxy steroid;
3-oxo-Delta(4) steroid;
C21-steroid hormone;
mineralocorticoid;
primary alpha-hydroxy ketone;
steroid aldehyde		human metabolite;
mouse metabolite
allobarbital
allobarbital: was heading 1976-94 (see under BARBITURATES 1976-90); ALLOBARBITONE, DIALLYLBARBITAL, DIALLYLBARBITURIC ACID, & DIALLYLMAL were see ALLOBARBITAL 1976-94; use BARBITURATES to search ALLOBARBITAL 1976-94; a barbiturate derivative with effects of intermediate duration; at lower doses, it is used as a sedative; at higher doses, it displays hypnotic effects		2.4520barbiturates
penicillamine
Penicillamine: 3-Mercapto-D-valine. The most characteristic degradation product of the penicillin antibiotics. It is used as an antirheumatic and as a chelating agent in Wilson's disease.. penicillamine : An alpha-amino acid having the structure of valine substituted at the beta position with a sulfanyl group.		4.5470non-proteinogenic alpha-amino acid;
penicillamine		antirheumatic drug;
chelator;
copper chelator;
drug allergen
trichlorfon
Trichlorfon: An organochlorophosphate cholinesterase inhibitor that is used as an insecticide for the control of flies and roaches. It is also used in anthelmintic compositions for animals. (From Merck, 11th ed). trichlorfon : A phosphonic ester that is dimethyl phosphonate in which the hydrogen atom attched to the phosphorous is substituted by a 2,2,2-trichloro-1-hydroxyethyl group.		2.0510organic phosphonate;
organochlorine compound;
phosphonic ester		agrochemical;
anthelminthic drug;
EC 3.1.1.7 (acetylcholinesterase) inhibitor;
EC 3.1.1.8 (cholinesterase) inhibitor;
insecticide
cysteine
[no description available]		3.2310cysteine zwitterion;
cysteine;
L-alpha-amino acid;
proteinogenic amino acid;
serine family amino acid		EC 4.3.1.3 (histidine ammonia-lyase) inhibitor;
flour treatment agent;
human metabolite
tetrahydrocortisol
[no description available]		1.951011beta-hydroxy steroid;
17alpha-hydroxy steroid;
20-oxo steroid;
21-hydroxy steroid;
3alpha-hydroxy steroid;
glucocorticoid;
primary alpha-hydroxy ketone;
tertiary alpha-hydroxy ketone
prednisone
Prednisone: A synthetic anti-inflammatory glucocorticoid derived from CORTISONE. It is biologically inert and converted to PREDNISOLONE in the liver.. prednisone : A synthetic glucocorticoid drug that is particularly effective as an immunosuppressant, and affects virtually all of the immune system. Prednisone is a prodrug that is converted by the liver into prednisolone (a beta-hydroxy group instead of the oxo group at position 11), which is the active drug and also a steroid.		11.9512211-oxo steroid;
17alpha-hydroxy steroid;
20-oxo steroid;
21-hydroxy steroid;
3-oxo-Delta(1),Delta(4)-steroid;
C21-steroid;
glucocorticoid;
primary alpha-hydroxy ketone;
tertiary alpha-hydroxy ketone		adrenergic agent;
anti-inflammatory drug;
antineoplastic agent;
immunosuppressive agent;
prodrug
tetrahydrocortisone
[no description available]		1.951021-hydroxy steroid
estrone
Hydroxyestrones: Estrone derivatives substituted with one or more hydroxyl groups in any position. They are important metabolites of estrone and other estrogens.		8.8223317-oxo steroid;
3-hydroxy steroid;
phenolic steroid;
phenols		antineoplastic agent;
bone density conservation agent;
estrogen;
human metabolite;
mouse metabolite
paramethasone
Paramethasone: A glucocorticoid with the general properties of corticosteroids. It has been used by mouth in the treatment of all conditions in which corticosteroid therapy is indicated except adrenal-deficiency states for which its lack of sodium-retaining properties makes it less suitable than HYDROCORTISONE with supplementary FLUDROCORTISONE. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p737)		2.4520fluorinated steroid
oxandrolone
Oxandrolone: A synthetic hormone with anabolic and androgenic properties.		4.084017beta-hydroxy steroid;
3-oxo steroid;
anabolic androgenic steroid;
oxa-steroid		anabolic agent;
androgen
androsterone
[no description available]		3.619017-oxo steroid;
3alpha-hydroxy steroid;
androstanoid;
C19-steroid		androgen;
anticonvulsant;
human blood serum metabolite;
human metabolite;
human urinary metabolite;
mouse metabolite;
pheromone
etiocholanolone
Etiocholanolone: The 5-beta-reduced isomer of ANDROSTERONE. Etiocholanolone is a major metabolite of TESTOSTERONE and ANDROSTENEDIONE in many mammalian species including humans. It is excreted in the URINE.. 3alpha-hydroxy-5beta-androstan-17-one : An androstanoid that is 5beta-androstane substituted by an alpha-hydroxy group at position 3 and an oxo group at position 17. It is a metabolite of testosterone in mammals.		1.961017-oxo steroid;
3alpha-hydroxy steroid;
androstanoid		human metabolite;
mouse metabolite
dehydroepiandrosterone
Dehydroepiandrosterone: A major C19 steroid produced by the ADRENAL CORTEX. It is also produced in small quantities in the TESTIS and the OVARY. Dehydroepiandrosterone (DHEA) can be converted to TESTOSTERONE; ANDROSTENEDIONE; ESTRADIOL; and ESTRONE. Most of DHEA is sulfated (DEHYDROEPIANDROSTERONE SULFATE) before secretion.. dehydroepiandrosterone : An androstanoid that is androst-5-ene substituted by a beta-hydroxy group at position 3 and an oxo group at position 17. It is a naturally occurring steroid hormone produced by the adrenal glands.		17.1446917-oxo steroid;
3beta-hydroxy-Delta(5)-steroid;
androstanoid		androgen;
human metabolite;
mouse metabolite
promazine hydrochloride
[no description available]		2.9640hydrochloride
17-desoxyestradiol
estra-1,3,5(10)-trien-3-ol : A 3-hydroxy steroid resulting from deoxygenation at position 17 of estradiol or estrone.		2.05103-hydroxy steroid;
phenolic steroid;
phenols		estrogen
nad
[no description available]		2.0510NADgeroprotector
2-acetylaminofluorene
2-Acetylaminofluorene: A hepatic carcinogen whose mechanism of activation involves N-hydroxylation to the aryl hydroxamic acid followed by enzymatic sulfonation to sulfoxyfluorenylacetamide. It is used to study the carcinogenicity and mutagenicity of aromatic amines.		2.05102-acetamidofluorenesantimitotic;
carcinogenic agent;
epitope;
mutagen
azauridine
Azauridine: A triazine nucleoside used as an antineoplastic antimetabolite. It interferes with pyrimidine biosynthesis thereby preventing formation of cellular nucleic acids. As the triacetate, it is also effective as an antipsoriatic.		2.0410N-glycosyl-1,2,4-triazineantimetabolite;
antineoplastic agent;
drug metabolite
penicillin g
Penicillin G: A penicillin derivative commonly used in the form of its sodium or potassium salts in the treatment of a variety of infections. It is effective against most gram-positive bacteria and against gram-negative cocci. It has also been used as an experimental convulsant because of its actions on GAMMA-AMINOBUTYRIC ACID mediated synaptic transmission.. benzylpenicillin : A penicillin in which the substituent at position 6 of the penam ring is a phenylacetamido group.		4.4160penicillin allergen;
penicillin		antibacterial drug;
drug allergen;
epitope
idoxuridine
[no description available]		2.9440organoiodine compound;
pyrimidine 2'-deoxyribonucleoside		antiviral drug;
DNA synthesis inhibitor
metaraminol
Metaraminol: A sympathomimetic agent that acts predominantly at alpha-1 adrenergic receptors. It has been used primarily as a vasoconstrictor in the treatment of HYPOTENSION.. metaraminol : A member of the class of phenylethanolamines that is 2-amino-1-phenylethanol substituted by a methyl group at position 2 and a phenolic hydroxy group at position 1. A sympathomimetic agent , it is used in the treatment of hypotension.		2.4820phenylethanolaminesalpha-adrenergic agonist;
sympathomimetic agent;
vasoconstrictor agent
pilocarpine hydrochloride
pilocarpine hydrochloride : The hydrochloride salt of (+)-pilocarpine, a medication used to treat increased pressure inside the eye and dry mouth.		2.0310hydrochloride
pilocarpine
Pilocarpine: A slowly hydrolyzed muscarinic agonist with no nicotinic effects. Pilocarpine is used as a miotic and in the treatment of glaucoma.. (+)-pilocarpine : The (+)-enantiomer of pilocarpine.		4.460pilocarpineantiglaucoma drug
dimethylphenylpiperazinium iodide
Dimethylphenylpiperazinium Iodide: A selective nicotinic cholinergic agonist used as a research tool. DMPP activates nicotinic receptors in autonomic ganglia but has little effect at the neuromuscular junction.		2.4420N-arylpiperazine;
organic iodide salt;
piperazinium salt;
quaternary ammonium salt		nicotinic acetylcholine receptor agonist
pentylenetetrazole
Pentylenetetrazole: A pharmaceutical agent that displays activity as a central nervous system and respiratory stimulant. It is considered a non-competitive GAMMA-AMINOBUTYRIC ACID antagonist. Pentylenetetrazole has been used experimentally to study seizure phenomenon and to identify pharmaceuticals that may control seizure susceptibility.. pentetrazol : An organic heterobicyclic compound that is 1H-tetrazole in which the hydrogens at positions 1 and 5 are replaced by a pentane-1,5-diyl group. A central and respiratory stimulant, it was formerly used for the treatment of cough and other respiratory tract disorders, cardiovascular disorders including hypotension, and pruritis.		8.1350organic heterobicyclic compound;
organonitrogen heterocyclic compound
triiodothyronine
Triiodothyronine: A T3 thyroid hormone normally synthesized and secreted by the thyroid gland in much smaller quantities than thyroxine (T4). Most T3 is derived from peripheral monodeiodination of T4 at the 5' position of the outer ring of the iodothyronine nucleus. The hormone finally delivered and used by the tissues is mainly T3.. 3,3',5-triiodo-L-thyronine : An iodothyronine compound having iodo substituents at the 3-, 3'- and 5-positions. Although some is produced in the thyroid, most of the 3,3',5-triiodo-L-thyronine in the body is generated by mono-deiodination of L-thyroxine in the peripheral tissues. Its metabolic activity is about 3 to 5 times that of L-thyroxine. The sodium salt is used in the treatment of hypothyroidism.		4.67802-halophenol;
amino acid zwitterion;
iodophenol;
iodothyronine		human metabolite;
mouse metabolite;
thyroid hormone
diethylnitrosamine
Diethylnitrosamine: A nitrosamine derivative with alkylating, carcinogenic, and mutagenic properties.. N-nitrosodiethylamine : A nitrosamine that is N-ethylethanamine substituted by a nitroso group at the N-atom.		2.7330nitrosaminecarcinogenic agent;
hepatotoxic agent;
mutagen
isonicotinic acid
isonicotinic acid : A pyridinemonocarboxylic acid in which the carboxy group is at position 4 of the pyridine ring.		2.0510pyridinemonocarboxylic acidalgal metabolite;
human metabolite
racepinephrine hydrochloride
[no description available]		2.4420
(4-(m-chlorophenylcarbamoyloxy)-2-butynyl)trimethylammonium chloride
(4-(m-Chlorophenylcarbamoyloxy)-2-butynyl)trimethylammonium Chloride: A drug that selectively activates certain subclasses of muscarinic receptors and also activates postganglionic nicotinic receptors. It is commonly used experimentally to distinguish muscarinic receptor subtypes.		2.4420
hexamethonium bromide
[no description available]		2.0310
cystamine dihydrochloride
[no description available]		2.0310
carbon tetrachloride
Carbon Tetrachloride: A solvent for oils, fats, lacquers, varnishes, rubber waxes, and resins, and a starting material in the manufacturing of organic compounds. Poisoning by inhalation, ingestion or skin absorption is possible and may be fatal. (Merck Index, 11th ed). tetrachloromethane : A chlorocarbon that is methane in which all the hydrogens have been replaced by chloro groups.		3.1650chlorocarbon;
chloromethanes		hepatotoxic agent;
refrigerant
cantharidin
Cantharidin: A toxic compound, isolated from the Spanish fly or blistering beetle (Lytta (Cantharis) vesicatoria) and other insects. It is a potent and specific inhibitor of protein phosphatases 1 (PP1) and 2A (PP2A). This compound can produce severe skin inflammation, and is extremely toxic if ingested orally.. cantharidin : A monoterpenoid with an epoxy-bridged cyclic dicarboxylic anhydride structure secreted by many species of blister beetle, and most notably by the Spanish fly, Lytta vesicatoria. Natural toxin inhibitor of protein phosphatases 1 and 2A.		2.4420cyclic dicarboxylic anhydride;
monoterpenoid		EC 3.1.3.16 (phosphoprotein phosphatase) inhibitor;
herbicide
tetraethylammonium chloride
tetraethylammonium chloride : A quarternary ammonium chloride salt in which the cation has four ethyl substituents around the central nitrogen.		2.4420organic chloride salt;
quaternary ammonium salt		potassium channel blocker
alanine
Alanine: A non-essential amino acid that occurs in high levels in its free state in plasma. It is produced from pyruvate by transamination. It is involved in sugar and acid metabolism, increases IMMUNITY, and provides energy for muscle tissue, BRAIN, and the CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM.. alanine : An alpha-amino acid that consists of propionic acid bearing an amino substituent at position 2.		1.9810alanine zwitterion;
alanine;
L-alpha-amino acid;
proteinogenic amino acid;
pyruvate family amino acid		EC 4.3.1.15 (diaminopropionate ammonia-lyase) inhibitor;
fundamental metabolite
chloramphenicol
Amphenicol: Chloramphenicol and its derivatives.		4.7690C-nitro compound;
carboxamide;
diol;
organochlorine compound		antibacterial drug;
antimicrobial agent;
Escherichia coli metabolite;
geroprotector;
Mycoplasma genitalium metabolite;
protein synthesis inhibitor
aspartic acid
Aspartic Acid: One of the non-essential amino acids commonly occurring in the L-form. It is found in animals and plants, especially in sugar cane and sugar beets. It may be a neurotransmitter.. aspartic acid : An alpha-amino acid that consists of succinic acid bearing a single alpha-amino substituent. L-aspartic acid : The L-enantiomer of aspartic acid.		2.0310aspartate family amino acid;
aspartic acid;
L-alpha-amino acid;
proteinogenic amino acid		Escherichia coli metabolite;
mouse metabolite;
neurotransmitter
glutamine
Glutamine: A non-essential amino acid present abundantly throughout the body and is involved in many metabolic processes. It is synthesized from GLUTAMIC ACID and AMMONIA. It is the principal carrier of NITROGEN in the body and is an important energy source for many cells.. L-glutamine : An optically active form of glutamine having L-configuration.. glutamine : An alpha-amino acid that consists of butyric acid bearing an amino substituent at position 2 and a carbamoyl substituent at position 4.		9.0840amino acid zwitterion;
glutamine family amino acid;
glutamine;
L-alpha-amino acid;
polar amino acid zwitterion;
proteinogenic amino acid		EC 1.14.13.39 (nitric oxide synthase) inhibitor;
Escherichia coli metabolite;
human metabolite;
metabolite;
micronutrient;
mouse metabolite;
nutraceutical;
Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite
lysine
Lysine: An essential amino acid. It is often added to animal feed.. lysine : A diamino acid that is caproic (hexanoic) acid bearing two amino substituents at positions 2 and 6.. L-lysine : An L-alpha-amino acid; the L-isomer of lysine.		2.0210aspartate family amino acid;
L-alpha-amino acid zwitterion;
L-alpha-amino acid;
lysine;
organic molecular entity;
proteinogenic amino acid		algal metabolite;
anticonvulsant;
Escherichia coli metabolite;
human metabolite;
micronutrient;
mouse metabolite;
nutraceutical;
plant metabolite;
Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite
cetrimonium bromide
cetyltrimethylammonium bromide : The organic bromide salt that is the bromide salt of cetyltrimethylammonium; one of the components of the topical antiseptic cetrimide.		2.4620organic bromide salt;
quaternary ammonium salt		detergent;
surfactant
vincristine
[no description available]		4.5370acetate ester;
formamides;
methyl ester;
organic heteropentacyclic compound;
organic heterotetracyclic compound;
tertiary alcohol;
tertiary amino compound;
vinca alkaloid		antineoplastic agent;
drug;
microtubule-destabilising agent;
plant metabolite;
tubulin modulator
physostigmine
Physostigmine: A cholinesterase inhibitor that is rapidly absorbed through membranes. It can be applied topically to the conjunctiva. It also can cross the blood-brain barrier and is used when central nervous system effects are desired, as in the treatment of severe anticholinergic toxicity.		4.7690carbamate ester;
indole alkaloid		antidote to curare poisoning;
EC 3.1.1.8 (cholinesterase) inhibitor;
miotic
sucrose
Saccharum: A plant genus of the family POACEAE widely cultivated in the tropics for the sweet cane that is processed into sugar.		2.4620glycosyl glycosidealgal metabolite;
Escherichia coli metabolite;
human metabolite;
mouse metabolite;
osmolyte;
Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite;
sweetening agent
ethinyl estradiol
Ethinyl Estradiol: A semisynthetic alkylated ESTRADIOL with a 17-alpha-ethinyl substitution. It has high estrogenic potency when administered orally, and is often used as the estrogenic component in ORAL CONTRACEPTIVES.. 17alpha-ethynylestradiol : A 3-hydroxy steroid that is estradiol substituted by a ethynyl group at position 17. It is a xenoestrogen synthesized from estradiol and has been shown to exhibit high estrogenic potency on oral administration.		12.82481817-hydroxy steroid;
3-hydroxy steroid;
terminal acetylenic compound		xenoestrogen
testosterone propionate
Testosterone Propionate: An ester of TESTOSTERONE with a propionate substitution at the 17-beta position.. androgen : A sex hormone that stimulates or controls the development and maintenance of masculine characteristics in vertebrates by binding to androgen receptors.		10.63171steroid ester
tubocurarine
Tubocurarine: A neuromuscular blocker and active ingredient in CURARE; plant based alkaloid of Menispermaceae.. tubocurarine : A benzylisoquinoline alkaloid muscle relaxant which constitutes the active component of curare.. isoquinoline alkaloid : Any alkaloid that has a structure based on an isoquinoline nucleus. They are derived from the amino acids like tyrosine and phenylalanine.		2.4720bisbenzylisoquinoline alkaloiddrug allergen;
muscle relaxant;
nicotinic antagonist
9,10-dimethyl-1,2-benzanthracene
9,10-Dimethyl-1,2-benzanthracene: Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon found in tobacco smoke that is a potent carcinogen.. 7,12-dimethyltetraphene : A tetraphene having methyl substituents at the 7- and 12-positions. It is a potent carcinogen and is present in tobacco smoke.		3.2460ortho-fused polycyclic arene;
tetraphenes		carcinogenic agent
apomorphine
Apomorphine: A derivative of morphine that is a dopamine D2 agonist. It is a powerful emetic and has been used for that effect in acute poisoning. It has also been used in the diagnosis and treatment of parkinsonism, but its adverse effects limit its use.		4.6680aporphine alkaloidalpha-adrenergic drug;
antidyskinesia agent;
antiparkinson drug;
dopamine agonist;
emetic;
serotonergic drug
aminopyrine
Aminopyrine: A pyrazolone with analgesic, anti-inflammatory, and antipyretic properties but has risk of AGRANULOCYTOSIS. A breath test with 13C-labeled aminopyrine has been used as a non-invasive measure of CYTOCHROME P-450 metabolic activity in LIVER FUNCTION TESTS.. aminophenazone : A pyrazolone that is 1,2-dihydro-3H-pyrazol-3-one substituted by a dimethylamino group at position 4, methyl groups at positions 1 and 5 and a phenyl group at position 2. It exhibits analgesic, anti-inflammatory, and antipyretic properties.		2.9940pyrazolone;
tertiary amino compound		antipyretic;
environmental contaminant;
non-narcotic analgesic;
non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug;
xenobiotic
methyltestosterone
Methyltestosterone: A synthetic hormone used for androgen replacement therapy and as an hormonal antineoplastic agent (ANTINEOPLASTIC AGENTS, HORMONAL).. methyltestosterone : A 17beta-hydroxy steroid that is testosterone bearing a methyl group at the 17alpha position.		5.3117017beta-hydroxy steroid;
3-oxo-Delta(4) steroid;
enone		anabolic agent;
androgen;
antineoplastic agent
dromostanolone
dromostanolone: synthetic anabolic androgenic steroid used to lower plasma cholesterol & as antineoplastic agent in advanced breast neoplasms; major descriptor (66-86); on-line search ANDROSTANOLS (80-86); ANDROSTANES (68-86); INDEX MEDICUS search DROMOSTANOLONE (66-86); RN given refers to (2alpha,5alpha,17beta)-isomer		2.041017beta-hydroxy steroid;
3-oxo-5alpha-steroid;
anabolic androgenic steroid		anabolic agent;
antineoplastic agent
promethazine hydrochloride
[no description available]		2.9640hydrochlorideanti-allergic agent;
anticoronaviral agent;
antiemetic;
antipruritic drug;
geroprotector;
H1-receptor antagonist;
local anaesthetic;
sedative
tetrabenazine
9,10-dimethoxy-3-isobutyl-1,3,4,6,7,11b-hexahydro-2H-pyrido[2,1-a]isoquinolin-2-one : A benzoquinolizine that is 1,2,3,4,4a,9,10,10a-octahydrophenanthrene in which the carbon at position 10a is replaced by a nitrogen and which is substituted by an isobutyl group at position 2, an oxo group at position 3, and methoxy groups at positions 6 and 7.		3.5920benzoquinolizine;
cyclic ketone;
tertiary amino compound
adenosine diphosphate
Adenosine Diphosphate: Adenosine 5'-(trihydrogen diphosphate). An adenine nucleotide containing two phosphate groups esterified to the sugar moiety at the 5'-position.		2.3720adenosine 5'-phosphate;
purine ribonucleoside 5'-diphosphate		fundamental metabolite;
human metabolite
cephalothin
Cephalothin: A cephalosporin antibiotic.. cefalotin : A semisynthetic, first-generation cephalosporin antibiotic with acetoxymethyl and (2-thienylacetyl)nitrilo moieties at positions 3 and 7, respectively, of the core structure. Administered parenterally during surgery and to treat a wide spectrum of blood infections.		2.4520azabicycloalkene;
beta-lactam antibiotic allergen;
carboxylic acid;
cephalosporin;
semisynthetic derivative;
thiophenes		antibacterial drug;
antimicrobial agent
2,3,4,6-tetrachlorophenol
2,3,4,6-tetrachlorophenol: RN given refers to parent cpd; see also record for tetrachlorophenol with locants for chloro groups not specified. 2,3,4,6-tetrachlorophenol : A tetrachlorophenol in which the chlorines are located at positions 2, 3, 4, and 6.		2.0310tetrachlorophenolxenobiotic metabolite
uridine
[no description available]		2.0510uridinesdrug metabolite;
fundamental metabolite;
human metabolite
kanamycin a
Kanamycin: Antibiotic complex produced by Streptomyces kanamyceticus from Japanese soil. Comprises 3 components: kanamycin A, the major component, and kanamycins B and C, the minor components.. kanamycin : Kanamycin is a naturally occurring antibiotic complex from Streptomyces kanamyceticus that consists of several components: kanamycin A, the major component (also usually designated as kanamycin), and kanamycins B, C, D and X the minor components.		4.5870kanamycinsbacterial metabolite
ethopabate
Ethopabate: An inhibitor of folate metabolism. It is used as a coccidiostat in poultry.		2.0710amidobenzoic acid
bromodeoxyuridine
Bromodeoxyuridine: A nucleoside that substitutes for thymidine in DNA and thus acts as an antimetabolite. It causes breaks in chromosomes and has been proposed as an antiviral and antineoplastic agent. It has been given orphan drug status for use in the treatment of primary brain tumors.		2.9440pyrimidine 2'-deoxyribonucleosideantimetabolite;
antineoplastic agent
galactose
galactopyranose : The pyranose form of galactose.		2.1310D-galactose;
galactopyranose		Escherichia coli metabolite;
mouse metabolite
carbostyril
Quinolones: A group of derivatives of naphthyridine carboxylic acid, quinoline carboxylic acid, or NALIDIXIC ACID.. quinolin-2(1H)-one : A quinolone that is 1,2-dihydroquinoline substituted by an oxo group at position 2.		3.830monohydroxyquinoline;
quinolone		bacterial xenobiotic metabolite
phenylephrine
Phenylephrine: An alpha-1 adrenergic agonist used as a mydriatic, nasal decongestant, and cardiotonic agent.. phenylephrine : A member of the class of the class of phenylethanolamines that is (1R)-2-(methylamino)-1-phenylethan-1-ol carrying an additional hydroxy substituent at position 3 on the phenyl ring.		2.0510phenols;
phenylethanolamines;
secondary amino compound		alpha-adrenergic agonist;
cardiotonic drug;
mydriatic agent;
nasal decongestant;
protective agent;
sympathomimetic agent;
vasoconstrictor agent
thiamine
[no description available]		2.0410organic chloride salt;
vitamin B1
levodopa
Levodopa: The naturally occurring form of DIHYDROXYPHENYLALANINE and the immediate precursor of DOPAMINE. Unlike dopamine itself, it can be taken orally and crosses the blood-brain barrier. It is rapidly taken up by dopaminergic neurons and converted to DOPAMINE. It is used for the treatment of PARKINSONIAN DISORDERS and is usually given with agents that inhibit its conversion to dopamine outside of the central nervous system.. L-dopa : An optically active form of dopa having L-configuration. Used to treat the stiffness, tremors, spasms, and poor muscle control of Parkinson's disease		3.5580amino acid zwitterion;
dopa;
L-tyrosine derivative;
non-proteinogenic L-alpha-amino acid		allelochemical;
antidyskinesia agent;
antiparkinson drug;
dopaminergic agent;
hapten;
human metabolite;
mouse metabolite;
neurotoxin;
plant growth retardant;
plant metabolite;
prodrug
edetic acid
Edetic Acid: A chelating agent that sequesters a variety of polyvalent cations such as CALCIUM. It is used in pharmaceutical manufacturing and as a food additive.		3.2310ethylenediamine derivative;
polyamino carboxylic acid;
tetracarboxylic acid		anticoagulant;
antidote;
chelator;
copper chelator;
geroprotector
tyrosine
Tyrosine: A non-essential amino acid. In animals it is synthesized from PHENYLALANINE. It is also the precursor of EPINEPHRINE; THYROID HORMONES; and melanin.. tyrosine : An alpha-amino acid that is phenylalanine bearing a hydroxy substituent at position 4 on the phenyl ring.		7.9540amino acid zwitterion;
erythrose 4-phosphate/phosphoenolpyruvate family amino acid;
L-alpha-amino acid;
proteinogenic amino acid;
tyrosine		EC 1.3.1.43 (arogenate dehydrogenase) inhibitor;
fundamental metabolite;
micronutrient;
nutraceutical
cysteamine
Cysteamine: A mercaptoethylamine compound that is endogenously derived from the COENZYME A degradative pathway. The fact that cysteamine is readily transported into LYSOSOMES where it reacts with CYSTINE to form cysteine-cysteamine disulfide and CYSTEINE has led to its use in CYSTINE DEPLETING AGENTS for the treatment of CYSTINOSIS.. cysteamine : An amine that consists of an ethane skeleton substituted with a thiol group at C-1 and an amino group at C-2.		4.0640amine;
thiol		geroprotector;
human metabolite;
mouse metabolite;
radiation protective agent
acetylcholine chloride
acetylcholine chloride : The chloride salt of acetylcholine, and a parasympatomimetic drug.		3.8630quaternary ammonium salt
mepazine
mepazine: major descriptor (66-85); on-line search PHENOTHIAZINES (66-85); Index Medicus search MEPAZINE (66-85); RN given refers to parent cpd. pacatal : A phenothiazine derivative in which 10H-phenothiazine has an N-methylpiperidin-4-ylmethyl substituent at the N-10 position.		3.5920phenothiazines
acepromazine
Acepromazine: A phenothiazine that is used in the treatment of PSYCHOSES.. acepromazine : A member of the class of phenothiazines that is 10H-phenothiazine substituted by an acetyl group at position 2 and a 3-(dimethylamino)propyl group at position 10.		2.0710aromatic ketone;
methyl ketone;
phenothiazines;
tertiary amino compound		phenothiazine antipsychotic drug
methoxamine hydrochloride
[no description available]		2.9640dimethoxybenzene
methoxamine
Methoxamine: An alpha-1 adrenergic agonist that causes prolonged peripheral VASOCONSTRICTION.. methoxamine : An amphetamine in which the parent 1-phenylpropan-2-amine skeleton is substituted at position 1 with an hydroxy group and the phenyl ring is 2- and 5-substituted with methoxy groups. It is an antihypotensive agent (pressor), an agonist acting directly at alpha-adrenoceptors with selectivity for the alpha-1 adrenoceptor subtype similar to phenylephrine .		2.0710amphetaminesalpha-adrenergic agonist;
antihypotensive agent
papaverine hydrochloride
[no description available]		2.4420
methicillin
Methicillin: One of the PENICILLINS which is resistant to PENICILLINASE but susceptible to a penicillin-binding protein. It is inactivated by gastric acid so administered by injection.. methicillin : A penicillin that is 6-aminopenicillanic acid in which one of the amino hydrogens is replaced by a 2,6-dimethoxybenzoyl group.		2.0410penicillin allergen;
penicillin		antibacterial drug
niridazole
Niridazole: An antischistosomal agent that has become obsolete.		2.45201,3-thiazoles;
C-nitro compound
cloxacillin
Cloxacillin: A semi-synthetic antibiotic that is a chlorinated derivative of OXACILLIN.. cloxacillin : A semisynthetic penicillin antibiotic carrying a 3-(2-chlorophenyl)-5-methylisoxazole-4-carboxamido group at position 6.		4.2550penicillin allergen;
penicillin;
semisynthetic derivative		antibacterial agent;
antibacterial drug
methylene blue
Methylene Blue: A compound consisting of dark green crystals or crystalline powder, having a bronze-like luster. Solutions in water or alcohol have a deep blue color. Methylene blue is used as a bacteriologic stain and as an indicator. It inhibits GUANYLATE CYCLASE, and has been used to treat cyanide poisoning and to lower levels of METHEMOGLOBIN.. methylene blue : An organic chloride salt having 3,7-bis(dimethylamino)phenothiazin-5-ium as the counterion. A commonly used dye that also exhibits antioxidant, antimalarial, antidepressant and cardioprotective properties.		6.9910organic chloride saltacid-base indicator;
antidepressant;
antimalarial;
antimicrobial agent;
antioxidant;
cardioprotective agent;
EC 1.4.3.4 (monoamine oxidase) inhibitor;
EC 3.1.1.8 (cholinesterase) inhibitor;
EC 4.6.1.2 (guanylate cyclase) inhibitor;
fluorochrome;
histological dye;
neuroprotective agent;
physical tracer
bretylium tosylate
Bretylium Tosylate: An agent that blocks the release of adrenergic transmitters and may have other actions. It was formerly used as an antihypertensive agent, but is now proposed as an anti-arrhythmic.. bretylium tosylate : The tosylate salt of bretylium. It blocks noradrenaline release from the peripheral sympathetic nervous system, and is used in emergency medicine, cardiology, and other specialties for the acute management of ventricular tachycardia and ventricular fibrillation.		2.7230organosulfonate salt;
quaternary ammonium salt		adrenergic antagonist;
anti-arrhythmia drug;
antihypertensive agent
zoxazolamine
Zoxazolamine: A uricosuric and muscle relaxant. Zoxazolamine acts centrally as a muscle relaxant, but the mechanism of its action is not understood.		2.7530benzoxazole
leucine
Leucine: An essential branched-chain amino acid important for hemoglobin formation.. leucine : A branched-chain amino acid that consists of glycine in which one of the hydrogens attached to the alpha-carbon is substituted by an isobutyl group.		2.0710amino acid zwitterion;
L-alpha-amino acid;
leucine;
proteinogenic amino acid;
pyruvate family amino acid		algal metabolite;
Escherichia coli metabolite;
human metabolite;
mouse metabolite;
plant metabolite;
Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite
berlition
berlition: antioxidant preparation containing alpha-lipoic acid, used in the neuroprotective therapy of chronic brain ischemia for correction of free-radical processes. (R)-lipoic acid : The (R)-enantiomer of lipoic acid. A vitamin-like, C8 thia fatty acid with anti-oxidant properties.. lipoic acid : A heterocyclic thia fatty acid comprising pentanoic acid with a 1,2-dithiolan-3-yl group at the 5-position.		2.7530dithiolanes;
heterocyclic fatty acid;
lipoic acid;
thia fatty acid		cofactor;
nutraceutical;
prosthetic group
methacholine chloride
Methacholine Chloride: A quaternary ammonium parasympathomimetic agent with the muscarinic actions of ACETYLCHOLINE. It is hydrolyzed by ACETYLCHOLINESTERASE at a considerably slower rate than ACETYLCHOLINE and is more resistant to hydrolysis by nonspecific CHOLINESTERASES so that its actions are more prolonged. It is used as a parasympathomimetic bronchoconstrictor agent and as a diagnostic aid for bronchial asthma. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p1116)		2.4920quaternary ammonium salt
aniline
[no description available]		2.0410anilines;
primary arylamine
calcium acetate
calcium acetate: a principal compound used as phosphate binders in patients with chronic renal failure; used like sevelamer. calcium acetate : The calcium salt of acetic acid. It is used, commonly as a hydrate, to treat hyperphosphataemia (excess phosphate in the blood) in patients with kidney disease: the calcium ion combines with dietary phosphate to form (insoluble) calcium phosphate, which is excreted in the faeces.		3.2310calcium saltchelator
dimethylnitrosamine
Dimethylnitrosamine: A nitrosamine derivative with alkylating, carcinogenic, and mutagenic properties. It causes serious liver damage and is a hepatocarcinogen in rodents.		2.4620nitrosaminegeroprotector;
mutagen
androstenedione
Androstenedione: A delta-4 C19 steroid that is produced not only in the TESTIS, but also in the OVARY and the ADRENAL CORTEX. Depending on the tissue type, androstenedione can serve as a precursor to TESTOSTERONE as well as ESTRONE and ESTRADIOL.. androst-4-ene-3,17-dione : A 3-oxo Delta(4)-steroid that is androst-4-ene substituted by oxo groups at positions 3 and 17. It is a steroid hormone synthesized in the adrenal glands and gonads.		11.9956917-oxo steroid;
3-oxo-Delta(4) steroid;
androstanoid		androgen;
Daphnia magna metabolite;
human metabolite;
mouse metabolite
carbaryl
Carbaryl: A carbamate insecticide and parasiticide. It is a potent anticholinesterase agent belonging to the carbamate group of reversible cholinesterase inhibitors. It has a particularly low toxicity from dermal absorption and is used for control of head lice in some countries.. carbaryl : A carbamate ester obtained by the formal condensation of 1-naphthol with methylcarbamic acid.		2.0510carbamate ester;
naphthalenes		acaricide;
agrochemical;
carbamate insecticide;
EC 3.1.1.7 (acetylcholinesterase) inhibitor;
EC 3.1.1.8 (cholinesterase) inhibitor;
plant growth retardant
lactose
Lactose: A disaccharide of GLUCOSE and GALACTOSE in human and cow milk. It is used in pharmacy for tablets, in medicine as a nutrient, and in industry.. lactose : A glycosylglucose disaccharide, found most notably in milk, that consists of D-galactose and D-glucose fragments bonded through a beta-1->4 glycosidic linkage. The glucose fragment can be in either the alpha- or beta-pyranose form, whereas the galactose fragment can only have the beta-pyranose form.. beta-lactose : The beta-anomer of lactose.		2.7530lactose
primaquine phosphate
[no description available]		2.4620
methionine
Methionine: A sulfur-containing essential L-amino acid that is important in many body functions.. methionine : A sulfur-containing amino acid that is butyric acid bearing an amino substituent at position 2 and a methylthio substituent at position 4.		3.8230aspartate family amino acid;
L-alpha-amino acid;
methionine zwitterion;
methionine;
proteinogenic amino acid		antidote to paracetamol poisoning;
human metabolite;
micronutrient;
mouse metabolite;
nutraceutical
1,2-dipalmitoylphosphatidylcholine
1,2-Dipalmitoylphosphatidylcholine: Synthetic phospholipid used in liposomes and lipid bilayers to study biological membranes. It is also a major constituent of PULMONARY SURFACTANTS.		2.4110
phenylalanine
Phenylalanine: An essential aromatic amino acid that is a precursor of MELANIN; DOPAMINE; noradrenalin (NOREPINEPHRINE), and THYROXINE.. L-phenylalanine : The L-enantiomer of phenylalanine.. phenylalanine : An aromatic amino acid that is alanine in which one of the methyl hydrogens is substituted by a phenyl group.		2.1710amino acid zwitterion;
erythrose 4-phosphate/phosphoenolpyruvate family amino acid;
L-alpha-amino acid;
phenylalanine;
proteinogenic amino acid		algal metabolite;
EC 3.1.3.1 (alkaline phosphatase) inhibitor;
Escherichia coli metabolite;
human xenobiotic metabolite;
micronutrient;
mouse metabolite;
nutraceutical;
plant metabolite;
Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite
Mebutamate
[no description available]		2.0510organic molecular entity
desoxycorticosterone
Desoxycorticosterone: A steroid metabolite that is the 11-deoxy derivative of CORTICOSTERONE and the 21-hydroxy derivative of PROGESTERONE		4.185020-oxo steroid;
21-hydroxy steroid;
3-oxo-Delta(4) steroid;
mineralocorticoid;
primary alpha-hydroxy ketone		human metabolite;
mouse metabolite
colchicine
(S)-colchicine : A colchicine that has (S)-configuration. It is a secondary metabolite, has anti-inflammatory properties and is used to treat gout, crystal-induced joint inflammation, familial Mediterranean fever, and many other conditions.		5.41180alkaloid;
colchicine		anti-inflammatory agent;
gout suppressant;
mutagen
yohimbine hydrochloride
[no description available]		2.4420
gallamine triethiodide
Gallamine Triethiodide: A synthetic nondepolarizing blocking drug. The actions of gallamine triethiodide are similar to those of TUBOCURARINE, but this agent blocks the cardiac vagus and may cause sinus tachycardia and, occasionally, hypertension and increased cardiac output. It should be used cautiously in patients at risk from increased heart rate but may be preferred for patients with bradycardia. (From AMA Drug Evaluations Annual, 1992, p198)		2.7430
mebanazine
mebanazine: RN given refers to parent cpd without isomeric designation; structure		3.5920benzenes
uracil mustard
Uracil Mustard: Nitrogen mustard derivative of URACIL. It is a alkylating antineoplastic agent that is used in lymphatic malignancies, and causes mainly gastrointestinal and bone marrow damage.		2.7430aminouracil;
nitrogen mustard
oxacillin
Oxacillin: An antibiotic similar to FLUCLOXACILLIN used in resistant staphylococci infections.. oxacillin : A penicillin antibiotic carrying a 5-methyl-3-phenylisoxazole-4-carboxamide group at position 6beta.		3.5820penicillinantibacterial agent;
antibacterial drug
cycloheximide
Cycloheximide: Antibiotic substance isolated from streptomycin-producing strains of Streptomyces griseus. It acts by inhibiting elongation during protein synthesis.. cycloheximide : A dicarboximide that is 4-(2-hydroxyethyl)piperidine-2,6-dione in which one of the hydrogens attached to the carbon bearing the hydroxy group is replaced by a 3,5-dimethyl-2-oxocyclohexyl group. It is an antibiotic produced by the bacterium Streptomyces griseus.		4.26180antibiotic fungicide;
cyclic ketone;
dicarboximide;
piperidine antibiotic;
piperidones;
secondary alcohol		anticoronaviral agent;
bacterial metabolite;
ferroptosis inhibitor;
neuroprotective agent;
protein synthesis inhibitor
egtazic acid
Egtazic Acid: A chelating agent relatively more specific for calcium and less toxic than EDETIC ACID.. ethylene glycol bis(2-aminoethyl)tetraacetic acid : A diether that is ethylene glycol in which the hydrogens of the hydroxy groups have been replaced by 2-[bis(carboxymethyl)amino]ethyl group respectively.		2.4220diether;
tertiary amino compound;
tetracarboxylic acid		chelator
chloroform
Chloroform: A commonly used laboratory solvent. It was previously used as an anesthetic, but was banned from use in the U.S. due to its suspected carcinogenicity.. chloroform : A one-carbon compound that is methane in which three of the hydrogens are replaced by chlorines.		2.9640chloromethanes;
one-carbon compound		carcinogenic agent;
central nervous system drug;
inhalation anaesthetic;
non-polar solvent;
refrigerant
fluocinolone acetonide
Fluocinolone Acetonide: A glucocorticoid derivative used topically in the treatment of various skin disorders. It is usually employed as a cream, gel, lotion, or ointment. It has also been used topically in the treatment of inflammatory eye, ear, and nose disorders. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p732). fluocinolone acetonide : A fluorinated steroid that is flunisolide in which the hydrogen at position 9 is replaced by fluorine. A corticosteroid with glucocorticoid activity, it is used (both as the anhydrous form and as the dihydrate) in creams, gels and ointments for the treatment of various skin disorders.		2.452011beta-hydroxy steroid;
20-oxo steroid;
21-hydroxy steroid;
3-oxo-Delta(1),Delta(4)-steroid;
cyclic ketal;
fluorinated steroid;
glucocorticoid;
organic heteropentacyclic compound;
primary alpha-hydroxy ketone		anti-inflammatory drug;
antipruritic drug
triamcinolone diacetate
triamcinolone diacetate: lysyl oxidase antagonist; Polcortolon may also refers to triamcinolone		2.0810corticosteroid hormone
ethamoxytriphetol
Ethamoxytriphetol: A non-steroidal estrogen antagonist.		1.9610stilbenoid
dimethylformamide
Dimethylformamide: A formamide in which the amino hydrogens are replaced by methyl groups.. N,N-dimethylformamide : A member of the class of formamides that is formamide in which the amino hydrogens are replaced by methyl groups.		2.0510formamides;
volatile organic compound		geroprotector;
hepatotoxic agent;
polar aprotic solvent
norethindrone
Norethindrone: A synthetic progestational hormone with actions similar to those of PROGESTERONE but functioning as a more potent inhibitor of ovulation. It has weak estrogenic and androgenic properties. The hormone has been used in treating amenorrhea, functional uterine bleeding, endometriosis, and for CONTRACEPTION.. norethisterone : A 17beta-hydroxy steroid that is testosterone in which the hydrogen at position 17 is replaced by an ethynyl group and in which the methyl group attached to position 10 is replaced by hydrogen.		3.548017beta-hydroxy steroid;
3-oxo-Delta(4) steroid;
terminal acetylenic compound;
tertiary alcohol		progestin;
synthetic oral contraceptive
norethynodrel
Norethynodrel: A synthetic progestational hormone with actions and uses similar to those of PROGESTERONE. It has been used in the treatment of functional uterine bleeding and ENDOMETRIOSIS. As a contraceptive (CONTRACEPTIVE AGENTS), it has usually been administered in combination with MESTRANOL.		2.0510oxo steroid
cycloserine
Cycloserine: Antibiotic substance produced by Streptomyces garyphalus.. D-cycloserine : A 4-amino-1,2-oxazolidin-3-one that has R configuration. It is an antibiotic produced by Streptomyces garyphalus or S. orchidaceus and is used as part of a multi-drug regimen for the treatment of tuberculosis when resistance to, or toxicity from, primary drugs has developed. An analogue of D-alanine, it interferes with bacterial cell wall synthesis in the cytoplasm by competitive inhibition of L-alanine racemase (which forms D-alanine from L-alanine) and D-alanine--D-alanine ligase (which incorporates D-alanine into the pentapeptide required for peptidoglycan formation and bacterial cell wall synthesis).		4.08404-amino-1,2-oxazolidin-3-one;
organonitrogen heterocyclic antibiotic;
organooxygen heterocyclic antibiotic;
zwitterion		antiinfective agent;
antimetabolite;
antitubercular agent;
metabolite;
NMDA receptor agonist
triaziquone
Triaziquone: Alkylating antineoplastic agent used mainly for ovarian tumors. It is toxic to skin, gastrointestinal tract, bone marrow and kidneys.. triaziquone : A member of the class of 1,4-benzoquinones that is 1,4-benzoquinone in which three of the ring hydrogens are replaced by aziridin-1-yl groups.		2.04101,4-benzoquinones;
aziridines		alkylating agent;
antineoplastic agent
benziodarone
benziodarone: minor descriptor (75-89); on-line & INDEX MEDICUS search BENZOFURANS (68-89) & IODOBENZOATES (74)		4.140aromatic ketone
17-alpha-hydroxyprogesterone
17alpha-hydroxyprogesterone : A 17alpha-hydroxy steroid that is the 17alpha-hydroxy derivative of progesterone.		7.1810417alpha-hydroxy-C21-steroid;
17alpha-hydroxy steroid;
tertiary alpha-hydroxy ketone		human metabolite;
metabolite;
mouse metabolite;
progestin
quinacrine monohydrochloride
[no description available]		2.4420
chlorpromazine hydrochloride
[no description available]		2.4420hydrochloride;
phenothiazines		anticoronaviral agent;
phenothiazine antipsychotic drug
ampicillin
Ampicillin: Semi-synthetic derivative of penicillin that functions as an orally active broad-spectrum antibiotic.. ampicillin : A penicillin in which the substituent at position 6 of the penam ring is a 2-amino-2-phenylacetamido group.		4.0740beta-lactam antibiotic;
penicillin allergen;
penicillin		antibacterial drug
mannitol
[no description available]		4.5570mannitolallergen;
antiglaucoma drug;
compatible osmolytes;
Escherichia coli metabolite;
food anticaking agent;
food bulking agent;
food humectant;
food stabiliser;
food thickening agent;
hapten;
metabolite;
osmotic diuretic;
sweetening agent
cytarabine hydrochloride
[no description available]		2.0310
cytarabine
[no description available]		4.6680beta-D-arabinoside;
monosaccharide derivative;
pyrimidine nucleoside		antimetabolite;
antineoplastic agent;
antiviral agent;
immunosuppressive agent
trifluridine
Trifluridine: An antiviral derivative of THYMIDINE used mainly in the treatment of primary keratoconjunctivitis and recurrent epithelial keratitis due to HERPES SIMPLEX virus. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p557). trifluridine : A pyrimidine 2'-deoxyribonucleoside compound having 5-trifluoromethyluracil as the nucleobase. An antiviral drug used mainly in the treatment of primary keratoconjunctivitis and recurrent epithelial keratitis.		2.7330nucleoside analogue;
organofluorine compound;
pyrimidine 2'-deoxyribonucleoside		antimetabolite;
antineoplastic agent;
antiviral drug;
EC 2.1.1.45 (thymidylate synthase) inhibitor
medroxyprogesterone acetate
[no description available]		10.5216120-oxo steroid;
3-oxo-Delta(4) steroid;
acetate ester;
corticosteroid;
steroid ester		adjuvant;
androgen;
antineoplastic agent;
antioxidant;
female contraceptive drug;
inhibitor;
progestin;
synthetic oral contraceptive
sulfobromophthalein sodium
bromosulfophthalein sodium : An organic sodium salt that is the disodium salt of bromosulfophthalein.. bromosulfophthalein : An organosulfonic acid that consists of phthalide bearing four bromo substituents at positions 4, 5, 6 and 7 as well as two 4-hydroxy-3-sulfophenyl groups both located at position 1.		2.9740organic sodium saltdye
valine
Valine: A branched-chain essential amino acid that has stimulant activity. It promotes muscle growth and tissue repair. It is a precursor in the penicillin biosynthetic pathway.. valine : A branched-chain amino acid that consists of glycine in which one of the hydrogens attached to the alpha-carbon is substituted by an isopropyl group.. L-valine : The L-enantiomer of valine.		4.7121L-alpha-amino acid zwitterion;
L-alpha-amino acid;
proteinogenic amino acid;
pyruvate family amino acid;
valine		algal metabolite;
Escherichia coli metabolite;
human metabolite;
micronutrient;
mouse metabolite;
nutraceutical;
Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite
threonine
Threonine: An essential amino acid occurring naturally in the L-form, which is the active form. It is found in eggs, milk, gelatin, and other proteins.. threonine : An alpha-amino acid in which one of the hydrogens attached to the alpha-carbon of glycine is substituted by a 1-hydroxyethyl group.		2.420amino acid zwitterion;
aspartate family amino acid;
L-alpha-amino acid;
proteinogenic amino acid;
threonine		algal metabolite;
Escherichia coli metabolite;
human metabolite;
micronutrient;
mouse metabolite;
nutraceutical;
plant metabolite;
Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite
mestranol
[no description available]		3.155017beta-hydroxy steroid;
aromatic ether;
terminal acetylenic compound		prodrug;
xenoestrogen
methaqualone
Methaqualone: A quinazoline derivative with hypnotic and sedative properties. It has been withdrawn from the market in many countries because of problems with abuse. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p604). methaqualone : A member of the class of quinazolines that is quinazolin-4-one substituted at positions 2 and 3 by methyl and o-tolyl groups respectively. A depressant that increases the activity of the GABA receptors in the brain and nervous system, it is used as a sedative and hypnotic medication. It became popular as a recreational drug and club drug in the late 1960s and 1970s.		2.0510quinazolinesGABA agonist;
sedative
trypan blue
VisionBlue: A trypan blue ophthalmic solution.		2.0510
methandrostenolone
Methandrostenolone: A synthetic steroid with anabolic properties that are more pronounced than its androgenic effects. It has little progestational activity. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p1188)		2.0110organic molecular entity
cordycepin
[no description available]		2.05103'-deoxyribonucleoside;
adenosines		antimetabolite;
nucleoside antibiotic
tryptophan
Tryptophan: An essential amino acid that is necessary for normal growth in infants and for NITROGEN balance in adults. It is a precursor of INDOLE ALKALOIDS in plants. It is a precursor of SEROTONIN (hence its use as an antidepressant and sleep aid). It can be a precursor to NIACIN, albeit inefficiently, in mammals.. tryptophan : An alpha-amino acid that is alanine bearing an indol-3-yl substituent at position 3.		3.1450erythrose 4-phosphate/phosphoenolpyruvate family amino acid;
L-alpha-amino acid zwitterion;
L-alpha-amino acid;
proteinogenic amino acid;
tryptophan zwitterion;
tryptophan		antidepressant;
Escherichia coli metabolite;
human metabolite;
micronutrient;
mouse metabolite;
nutraceutical;
plant metabolite;
Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite
lidocaine hydrochloride
lidocaine hydrochloride : The anhydrous form of the hydrochloride salt of lidocaine.		2.4420hydrochlorideanti-arrhythmia drug;
local anaesthetic
arginine
Arginine: An essential amino acid that is physiologically active in the L-form.. arginine : An alpha-amino acid that is glycine in which the alpha-is substituted by a 3-guanidinopropyl group.		4.2650arginine;
glutamine family amino acid;
L-alpha-amino acid;
proteinogenic amino acid		biomarker;
Escherichia coli metabolite;
micronutrient;
mouse metabolite;
nutraceutical
boranes
Boranes: The collective name for the boron hydrides, which are analogous to the alkanes and silanes. Numerous boranes are known. Some have high calorific values and are used in high-energy fuels. (From Grant & Hackh's Chemical Dictionary, 5th ed). borane : The simplest borane, consisting of a single boron atom carrying three hydrogens.. boranes : The molecular hydrides of boron.		2.0410boranes;
mononuclear parent hydride
propane
Propane: A three carbon alkane with the formula H3CCH2CH3.		2.1510alkane;
gas molecular entity		food propellant
acetonitrile
acetonitrile: RN given refers to unlabeled cpd. acetonitrile : A nitrile that is hydrogen cyanide in which the hydrogen has been replaced by a methyl group.		2.0510aliphatic nitrile;
volatile organic compound		EC 3.5.1.4 (amidase) inhibitor;
NMR chemical shift reference compound;
polar aprotic solvent
methylene chloride
Methylene Chloride: A chlorinated hydrocarbon that has been used as an inhalation anesthetic and acts as a narcotic in high concentrations. Its primary use is as a solvent in manufacturing and food technology.. dichloromethane : A member of the class of chloromethanes that is methane in which two of the hydrogens have been replaced by chlorine. A dense, non-flammible colourless liquid at room temperature (b.p. 40degreeC, d = 1.33) which is immiscible with water, it is widely used as a solvent, a paint stripper, and for the removal of caffeine from coffee and tea.		3.1210chloromethanes;
volatile organic compound		carcinogenic agent;
polar aprotic solvent;
refrigerant
vinylidene chloride
vinylidene chloride: potent hepatotoxin. 1,1-dichloroethene : A member of the class of chloroethenes that is ethene in which both of the hydrogens attached to one of the carbons are replaced by chlorines.		3.1210chloroethenescarcinogenic agent;
mouse metabolite;
mutagen
propylene oxide
propylene oxide: structure. 1,2-epoxypropane : An epoxide that is oxirane substituted by a methyl group at position 2.		3.1210epoxide
dalapon
dalapon: RN given refers to parent cpd; structure		2.0410carboxylic acid;
organohalogen compound
trichloroacetic acid
Trichloroacetic Acid: A strong acid used as a protein precipitant in clinical chemistry and also as a caustic for removing warts.. trichloroacetic acid : A monocarboxylic acid that is acetic acid in which all three methyl hydrogens are substituted by chlorine.		2.0510monocarboxylic acid;
organochlorine compound		carcinogenic agent;
metabolite;
mouse metabolite
perflutren
Definity: a fluorocarbon-filled ultrasonic contrast agent; Definity is tradename. octafluoropropane : A fluorocarbon that is propane in which all of the hydrogens have been replaced by fluorines.		3.2310fluoroalkane;
fluorocarbon
triamcinolone acetonide
Triamcinolone Acetonide: An esterified form of TRIAMCINOLONE. It is an anti-inflammatory glucocorticoid used topically in the treatment of various skin disorders. Intralesional, intramuscular, and intra-articular injections are also administered under certain conditions.. triamcinolone acetonide : A synthetic glucocorticoid that is the 16,17-acetonide of triamcinolone. Used to treat various skin infections.		2.924011beta-hydroxy steroid;
20-oxo steroid;
21-hydroxy steroid;
3-oxo-Delta(4) steroid;
cyclic ketal;
fluorinated steroid;
glucocorticoid;
primary alpha-hydroxy ketone		anti-allergic agent;
anti-inflammatory drug
fluoxymesterone
Fluoxymesterone: An anabolic steroid that has been used in the treatment of male HYPOGONADISM, delayed puberty in males, and in the treatment of breast neoplasms in women.		5.394111beta-hydroxy steroid;
17beta-hydroxy steroid;
3-oxo-Delta(4) steroid;
anabolic androgenic steroid;
fluorinated steroid		anabolic agent;
antineoplastic agent
mepenzolate bromide
[no description available]		2.4620diarylmethane
allylpropymal
allylpropymal: RN given refers to parent cpd. aprobarbital : A member of the class of barbiturates that is pyrimidine-2,4,6(1H,3H,5H)-trione substituted by an isopropyl and a prop-1-en-3-yl group at position 5.		2.0510barbiturates
butobarbital
butobarbital: Butobarbital should be distinguished from Butabarbital (a synonym for Secbutabarbital)		2.0510barbiturates
methsuximide
methsuximide: anticonvulsant effective in petit mal & psychomotor epilepsy; has a number of unpleasant & toxic side effects; minor descriptor (75-86); on-line & INDEX MEDICUS search SUCCINIMIDES (75-86); RN given refers to parent cpd without isomeric designation		3.2310organic molecular entity
methylpentynol
methylpentynol: structure		2.0410ynone
tromethamine
Tromethamine: An organic amine proton acceptor. It is used in the synthesis of surface-active agents and pharmaceuticals; as an emulsifying agent for cosmetic creams and lotions, mineral oil and paraffin wax emulsions, as a biological buffer, and used as an alkalizer. (From Merck, 11th ed; Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p1424)		3.8630primary amino compound;
triol		buffer
triparanol
Triparanol: Antilipemic agent with high ophthalmic toxicity. According to Merck Index, 11th ed, the compound was withdrawn from the market in 1962 because of its association with the formation of irreversible cataracts.		2.0510stilbenoidanticoronaviral agent
trichloroethylene
Trichloroethylene: A highly volatile inhalation anesthetic used mainly in short surgical procedures where light anesthesia with good analgesia is required. It is also used as an industrial solvent. Prolonged exposure to high concentrations of the vapor can lead to cardiotoxicity and neurological impairment.. triol : A chemical compound containing three hydroxy groups.		2.7530chloroethenesinhalation anaesthetic;
mouse metabolite
pantothenic acid
Pantothenic Acid: A butyryl-beta-alanine that can also be viewed as pantoic acid complexed with BETA ALANINE. It is incorporated into COENZYME A and protects cells against peroxidative damage by increasing the level of GLUTATHIONE.. pantothenic acid : A member of the class of pantothenic acids that is an amide formed from pantoic acid and beta-alanine.. vitamin B5 : Any member of a group of vitamers that belong to the chemical structural class called pantothenic acids that exhibit biological activity against vitamin B5 deficiency. Deficiency of vitamin B5 is rare due to its widespread distribution in whole grain cereals, legumes and meat. Symptoms associated with vitamin B5 deficiency are difficult to asses since they are subtle and resemble those of other B vitamin deficiencies. The vitamers include (R)-pantothenic acid and its ionized and salt forms.. (R)-pantothenate : A pantothenate that is the conjugate base of (R)-pantothenic acid, obtained by deprotonation of the carboxy group.. (R)-pantothenic acid : A pantothenic acid having R-configuration.		2.0710pantothenic acid;
vitamin B5		antidote to curare poisoning;
geroprotector;
human blood serum metabolite
tetrachlorodian
tetrachlorodian: used in the manufacture of synthetic resins		2.0310bisphenol
bisphenol a
4,4'-isopropylidene diphenol: stimulates proliferative responses and cytokine productions of murine spleen cells and thymus cells in vitro. bisphenol : By usage, the methylenediphenols, HOC6H4CH2C6H4OH, commonly p,p-methylenediphenol, and their substitution products (generally derived from condensation of two equivalent amounts of a phenol with an aldehyde or ketone). The term also includes analogues in the the methylene (or substituted methylene) group has been replaced by a heteroatom.. bisphenol A : A bisphenol that is 4,4'-methanediyldiphenol in which the methylene hydrogens are replaced by two methyl groups.		3.5480bisphenolendocrine disruptor;
environmental contaminant;
xenobiotic;
xenoestrogen
sulfachlorpyridazine
Sulfachlorpyridazine: A sulfonamide antimicrobial used for urinary tract infections and in veterinary medicine.. sulfachloropyridazine : A sulfonamide antimicrobial used for urinary tract infections and in veterinary medicine.		2.0710organochlorine compound;
pyridazines;
sulfonamide		antibacterial drug;
drug allergen;
EC 2.5.1.15 (dihydropteroate synthase) inhibitor
p-tert-amylphenol
p-tert-amylphenol: RN given refers to parent cpd		3.1810alkylbenzene
methylmethacrylate
Methylmethacrylate: The methyl ester of methacrylic acid. It polymerizes easily to form POLYMETHYL METHACRYLATE. It is used as a bone cement.. methyl methacrylate : An enoate ester having methacrylic acid as the carboxylic acid component and methanol as the alcohol component.		2.2110enoate ester;
methyl ester		allergen;
polymerisation monomer
dehydrocholic acid
Dehydrocholic Acid: A semisynthetic bile acid made from cholic acid. It is used as a cholagogue, hydrocholeretic, diuretic, and as a diagnostic aid.. 3,7,12-trioxo-5beta-cholanic acid : An oxo-5beta-cholanic acid in which three oxo substituents are located at positions 3, 7 and 12 on the cholanic acid skeleton.		2.051012-oxo steroid;
3-oxo-5beta-steroid;
7-oxo steroid;
oxo-5beta-cholanic acid		gastrointestinal drug
taurocholic acid
Taurocholic Acid: The product of conjugation of cholic acid with taurine. Its sodium salt is the chief ingredient of the bile of carnivorous animals. It acts as a detergent to solubilize fats for absorption and is itself absorbed. It is used as a cholagogue and cholerectic.. taurocholate : An organosulfonate oxoanion that is the conjugate base of taurocholic acid.. taurocholic acid : A bile acid taurine conjugate of cholic acid that usually occurs as the sodium salt of bile in mammals.		2.7430amino sulfonic acid;
bile acid taurine conjugate		human metabolite
cyclizine
Cyclizine: A histamine H1 antagonist given by mouth or parenterally for the control of postoperative and drug-induced vomiting and in motion sickness. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p935). cyclizine : An N-alkylpiperazine in which one nitrogen of the piperazine ring is substituted by a methyl group, while the other is substituted by a diphenylmethyl group.		2.7530N-alkylpiperazineantiemetic;
central nervous system depressant;
cholinergic antagonist;
H1-receptor antagonist;
local anaesthetic
methylprednisolone
Methylprednisolone: A PREDNISOLONE derivative with similar anti-inflammatory action.. 6alpha-methylprednisolone : The 6alpha-stereoisomer of 6-methylprednisolone.		4.76906-methylprednisolone;
primary alpha-hydroxy ketone;
tertiary alpha-hydroxy ketone		adrenergic agent;
anti-inflammatory drug;
antiemetic;
environmental contaminant;
neuroprotective agent;
xenobiotic
rotenone
Derris: A plant genus of the family FABACEAE. The root is a source of rotenoids (ROTENONE) and flavonoids. Some species of Pongamia have been reclassified to this genus and some to MILLETTIA. Some species of Deguelia have been reclassified to this genus.. rotenoid : Members of the class of tetrahydrochromenochromene that consists of a cis-fused tetrahydrochromeno[3,4-b]chromene skeleton and its substituted derivatives. The term was originally restricted to natural products, but is now also used to describe semi-synthetic and fully synthetic compounds.		3.360organic heteropentacyclic compound;
rotenones		antineoplastic agent;
metabolite;
mitochondrial NADH:ubiquinone reductase inhibitor;
phytogenic insecticide;
piscicide;
toxin
diquat
Diquat: A contact herbicide used also to produce desiccation and defoliation. (From Merck Index, 11th ed). diquat : The organic cation formed formally by addition of an ethylene bridge between the nitrogen atoms of 2,2'-bipyridine. Most often available as the dibromide.		2.0510organic cationdefoliant;
herbicide
brompheniramine
Brompheniramine: Histamine H1 antagonist used in treatment of allergies, rhinitis, and urticaria.. brompheniramine : Pheniramine in which the hydrogen at position 4 of the phenyl substituent is substituted by bromine. A histamine H1 receptor antagonist, brompheniramine is used (commonly as its maleate salt) for the symptomatic relief of allergic conditions, including rhinitis and conjunctivitis.		3.9130organobromine compound;
pyridines		anti-allergic agent;
H1-receptor antagonist
phensuximide
phensuximide: major descriptor (73-84); on-line search SUCCINIMIDES (73-84); Index Medicus search PHENSUXIMIDE (73-84); RN given refers to cpd without isomeric designation		2.0710pyrrolidines
dimethisoquin
[no description available]		2.0710isoquinolines
penicillin v
Penicillin V: A broad-spectrum penicillin antibiotic used orally in the treatment of mild to moderate infections by susceptible gram-positive organisms.. phenoxymethylpenicillin : A penicillin compound having a 6beta-(phenoxyacetyl)amino side-chain.		3.5820penicillin allergen;
penicillin
isosorbide dinitrate
Isosorbide Dinitrate: A vasodilator used in the treatment of ANGINA PECTORIS. Its actions are similar to NITROGLYCERIN but with a slower onset of action.		4.2650glucitol derivative;
nitrate ester		nitric oxide donor;
vasodilator agent
hexachlorobutadiene
hexachlorobutadiene: a potent nephrotoxicant in rats; structure		2.0510organochlorine compound
n-vinyl-2-pyrrolidinone
N-vinyl-2-pyrrolidinone: monomer of POVIDONE; structure given in first source		2.7430pyrrolidin-2-ones
pseudoephedrine
Pseudoephedrine: A phenethylamine that is an isomer of EPHEDRINE which has less central nervous system effects and usage is mainly for respiratory tract decongestion.. pseudoephedrine : A member of the class of the class of phenylethanolamines that is (1S)-2-(methylamino)-1-phenylethan-1-ol in which the pro-S hydrogen at position 2 is replaced by a methyl group.		3.8630phenylethanolamines;
secondary alcohol;
secondary amino compound		anti-asthmatic drug;
bronchodilator agent;
central nervous system drug;
nasal decongestant;
plant metabolite;
sympathomimetic agent;
vasoconstrictor agent;
xenobiotic
diethylpropion
Diethylpropion: A appetite depressant considered to produce less central nervous system disturbance than most drugs in this therapeutic category. It is also considered to be among the safest for patients with hypertension. (From AMA Drug Evaluations Annual, 1994, p2290). diethylpropion : An aromatic ketone that is propiophenone in which one of the hydrogens alpha- to the carbonyl is substituted by a diethylamino group. A central stimulant and indirect-acting sympathomimetic, it is an appetite depressant and is used as the hydrochloride as an anoretic in the short term management of obesity.		3.2310aromatic ketone;
tertiary amine		appetite depressant
quinoxalines
quinoxaline : A naphthyridine in which the nitrogens are at positions 1 and 4.		2.0610mancude organic heterobicyclic parent;
naphthyridine;
ortho-fused heteroarene
phenothiazine
10H-phenothiazine : The 10H-tautomer of phenothiazine.		2.4620phenothiazineferroptosis inhibitor;
plant metabolite;
radical scavenger
fenoprop
fenoprop: RN given is for parent cpd; structure		2.0410monocarboxylic acidphenoxy herbicide
synephrine
[no description available]		2.7430ethanolamines;
phenethylamine alkaloid;
phenols		alpha-adrenergic agonist;
plant metabolite
propylparaben
Parabens: Methyl, propyl, butyl, and ethyl esters of p-hydroxybenzoic acid. They have been approved by the FDA as antimicrobial agents for foods and pharmaceuticals. (From Hawley's Condensed Chemical Dictionary, 11th ed, p872)		2.0510benzoate ester;
paraben;
phenols		antifungal agent;
antimicrobial agent
benzoyl peroxide
Benzoyl Peroxide: A peroxide derivative that has been used topically for BURNS and as a dermatologic agent in the treatment of ACNE and POISON IVY DERMATITIS. It is used also as a bleach in the food industry.		2.0510carbonyl compound
2-methyl-4-chlorophenoxyacetic acid
2-Methyl-4-chlorophenoxyacetic Acid: A powerful herbicide used as a selective weed killer.. (4-chloro-2-methylphenoxy)acetic acid : A chlorophenoxyacetic acid that is (4-chlorophenoxy)acetic acid substituted by a methyl group at position 2.		2.0410chlorophenoxyacetic acid;
monochlorobenzenes		environmental contaminant;
phenoxy herbicide;
synthetic auxin
2-bromophenol
bromophenol : A halophenol that is any phenol containing one or more covalently bonded bromine atoms.		2.4620bromophenolmarine metabolite
pyrrolidonecarboxylic acid
Pyrrolidonecarboxylic Acid: A cyclized derivative of L-GLUTAMIC ACID. Elevated blood levels may be associated with problems of GLUTAMINE or GLUTATHIONE metabolism.. 5-oxo-L-proline : An optically active form of 5-oxoproline having L-configuration.		2.13105-oxoproline;
L-proline derivative;
non-proteinogenic L-alpha-amino acid		algal metabolite
dicloran
2,6-dichloro-4-nitroaniline : A nitroaniline that is 4-nitroaniline in which the hydrogens at positions 2 and 6 are replaced by chlorines. An agricultural fungicide, it is not approved for use in the European Union.		2.0410aromatic fungicide;
dichlorobenzene;
nitroaniline		antifungal agrochemical
3-dinitrobenzene
dinitrobenzene : Any member of the class of nitrobenzenes that consists of a benzene ring substituted by two nitro groups. A closed class.. 1,3-dinitrobenzene : A dinitrobenzene that is benzene disubstituted at positions 1 and 3 with nitro groups.		2.0510dinitrobenzeneneurotoxin
phenylhydrazine
[no description available]		2.0410phenylhydrazinesxenobiotic
dyrene
dyrene: structure. anilazine : A member of the class of triazenes that is dichlorotriazene in which the hydrogen is replaced by an o-chloroanilino group. A fungicide formerly used to control leaf spots and downy mildew, it is no longer approved for use within the European Union.		2.0410monochlorobenzenes;
organochlorine pesticide;
secondary amino compound;
triazines		antifungal agrochemical
pyridostigmine bromide
Pyridostigmine Bromide: A cholinesterase inhibitor with a slightly longer duration of action than NEOSTIGMINE. It is used in the treatment of myasthenia gravis and to reverse the actions of muscle relaxants.		2.9740pyridinium salt
4,4'-diaminodiphenylmethane
4,4'-diaminodiphenylmethane: RN given refers to parent cpd; structure. 4,4'-diaminodiphenylmethane : An aromatic amine that is diphenylmethane substituted at the 4-position of each benzene ring by an amino group.		2.4620aromatic amineallergen;
carcinogenic agent
diphenylmethane
diphenylmethane : A diarylmethane that is methane substituted by two phenyl groups.		2.0110diarylmethane
monobenzone
monobenzone: structure. monobenzone : The monobenzyl ether of hydroquinone. It is used as a topical drug for medical depigmentation.		2.0810benzyl etherallergen;
dermatologic drug;
melanin synthesis inhibitor
dibenzylamine
dibenzylamine: used in detection of cobalt, cyanate, & iron; RN given refers to parent cpd; CAUTION: synonym iminodibenzyl is not unique to this cpd; structure		2.0110aromatic amine
phenylisothiocyanate
phenylisothiocyanate: structure. phenyl isothiocyanate : An isothiocyanate having a phenyl group attached to the nitrogen; used for amino acid sequencing in the Edman degradation.		2.4620isothiocyanateallergen;
reagent
benzonatate
benzonatate: structure in Merck Index, 9th ed, #1107. benzonatate : The ester obtained by formal condensation of 4-butylaminobenzoic acid with nonaethylene glycol monomethyl ether. Structurally related to procaine and benzocaine, it has an anaesthetic effect on the stretch sensors in the lungs, and is used as a non-narcotic cough suppressant.		3.8730benzoate ester;
secondary amino compound;
substituted aniline		anaesthetic;
antitussive
4-bromophenol
4-bromophenol : A bromophenol containing only hydroxy and bromo substituents that are para to one another.		2.4620bromophenolhuman urinary metabolite;
human xenobiotic metabolite;
marine metabolite;
mouse metabolite;
persistent organic pollutant;
rat metabolite
acrolein
[no description available]		2.0410enalherbicide;
human xenobiotic metabolite;
toxin
2-bromoethylamine
[no description available]		2.4620
allyl alcohol
allyl alcohol: structure. allylic alcohol : An alcohol where the hydroxy group is attached to a saturated carbon atom adjacent to a double bond (R groups may be H, organyl, etc.).. allyl alcohol : A propenol in which the C=C bond connects C-2 and C-3. It is has been found in garlic (Allium sativum). Formerly used as a herbicide for the control of various grass and weed seeds.		2.4620primary allylic alcohol;
propenol		antibacterial agent;
fungicide;
herbicide;
insecticide;
plant metabolite
vinyl acetate
[no description available]		3.1210acetate ester
bromobenzene
[no description available]		2.4620bromoarene;
bromobenzenes;
volatile organic compound		hepatotoxic agent;
mouse metabolite;
non-polar solvent
n-pentanoic acid
n-pentanoic acid: RN given refers to unlabeled parent cpd. valeric acid : A straight-chain saturated fatty acid containing five carbon atoms.		2.0510short-chain fatty acid;
straight-chain saturated fatty acid		plant metabolite
methyl cellosolve
methyl cellosolve: widely used industrial solvent for resins, lacquers, dyes & inks; may cause anemia macrocytosis, appearance of young granulocytes in blood; RN given refers to parent cpd		3.1810glycol etherprotic solvent;
solvent
pyrroles
1H-pyrrole : A tautomer of pyrrole that has the double bonds at positions 2 and 4.. pyrrole : A five-membered monocyclic heteroarene comprising one NH and four CH units which forms the parent compound of the pyrrole group of compounds. Its five-membered ring structure has three tautomers. A 'closed class'.. azole : Any monocyclic heteroarene consisting of a five-membered ring containing nitrogen. Azoles can also contain one or more other non-carbon atoms, such as nitrogen, sulfur or oxygen.		2.7330pyrrole;
secondary amine
furan
furan : A monocyclic heteroarene with a structure consisting of a 5-membered ring containing four carbons and one oxygen, with formula C4H4O. It is a toxic, flammable, low-boiling (31degreeC) colourless liquid.		2.0510furans;
mancude organic heteromonocyclic parent;
monocyclic heteroarene		carcinogenic agent;
hepatotoxic agent;
Maillard reaction product
thiophenes
Thiophenes: A monocyclic heteroarene furan in which the oxygen atom is replaced by a sulfur.. thiophenes : Compounds containing at least one thiophene ring.		3.110mancude organic heteromonocyclic parent;
monocyclic heteroarene;
thiophenes;
volatile organic compound		non-polar solvent
tetraethylenepentamine
[no description available]		2.4320polyazaalkanecopper chelator
ergotamine
Ergotamine: A vasoconstrictor found in ergot of Central Europe. It is a serotonin agonist that has been used as an oxytocic agent and in the treatment of MIGRAINE DISORDERS.. ergotamine : A peptide ergot alkaloid that is dihydroergotamine in which a double bond replaces the single bond between positions 9 and 10.		2.7430peptide ergot alkaloidalpha-adrenergic agonist;
mycotoxin;
non-narcotic analgesic;
oxytocic;
serotonergic agonist;
vasoconstrictor agent
estradiol dipropionate
estradiol dipropionate: RN given refers to (17beta)-isomer; RN for cpd without isomeric designation not in Chemline 7/83		2.3920steroid ester
methylergonovine
Methylergonovine: A homolog of ERGONOVINE containing one more CH2 group. (Merck Index, 11th ed)		3.2310ergoline alkaloid
imipramine hydrochloride
[no description available]		2.9640hydrochlorideantidepressant
neostigmine bromide
neostigmine bromide : The bromide salt of neostigmine.		2.9640bromide salt
phenformin
Phenformin: A biguanide hypoglycemic agent with actions and uses similar to those of METFORMIN. Although it is generally considered to be associated with an unacceptably high incidence of lactic acidosis, often fatal, it is still available in some countries. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p290). phenformin : A member of the class of biguanides that is biguanide in which one of the terminal nitrogen atoms is substituted by a 2-phenylethyl group. It was used as an anti-diabetic drug but was later withdrawn from the market due to potential risk of lactic acidosis.		3.4570biguanidesantineoplastic agent;
geroprotector;
hypoglycemic agent
dicofol
Dicofol: An organochlorine insecticide.. dicofol : A tertiary alcohol that is DDT in which the benzylic hydrogen has been replaced by a hydroxy group.		7.0410monochlorobenzenes;
organochlorine acaricide;
tertiary alcohol
mephobarbital
Mephobarbital: A barbiturate that is metabolized to PHENOBARBITAL. It has been used for similar purposes, especially in EPILEPSY, but there is no evidence mephobarbital offers any advantage over PHENOBARBITAL.. mephobarbital : A member of the class of barbiturates, the structure of which is that of barbituric acid substituted at N-1 by a methyl group and at C-5 by ethyl and phenyl groups.		2.7530barbituratesanticonvulsant
edrophonium chloride
edrophonium chloride : The chloride salt of edrophonium. A reversible inhibitor of cholinesterase with a rapid onset (30-60 seconds after injection) but a short duration of action (5-15 minutes), it is used in myasthenia gravis both diagnostically and to distinguish between under- or over-treatment with other anticholinesterases. It has also been used for the reversal of neuromuscular blockade in anaesthesia, and for the management of poisoning due to tetrodotoxin, a neuromuscular blocking toxin found in puffer fish and other marine animals.		2.7430chloride salt;
quaternary ammonium salt		antidote;
diagnostic agent;
EC 3.1.1.8 (cholinesterase) inhibitor
diethylhexyl phthalate
Diethylhexyl Phthalate: An ester of phthalic acid. It appears as a light-colored, odorless liquid and is used as a plasticizer for many resins and elastomers.. bis(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate : A phthalate ester that is the bis(2-ethylhexyl) ester of benzene-1,2-dicarboxylic acid.		3.3160diester;
phthalate ester		androstane receptor agonist;
apoptosis inhibitor;
plasticiser
hexachlorobenzene
Hexachlorobenzene: An agricultural fungicide and seed treatment agent.. hexachlorobenzene : A member of the class of chlorobenzenes that is benzene in which all of the hydrogens are replaced by chlorines. An agricultural fungicide introduced in the mid-1940s and formerly used as a seed treatment, its use has been banned since 1984 under the Stockholm Convention on Persistent Organic Pollutants.		2.3920aromatic fungicide;
chlorobenzenes		antifungal agrochemical;
carcinogenic agent;
persistent organic pollutant
chloranil
Chloranil: A quinone fungicide used for treatment of seeds and foliage.. tetrachloro-1,4-benzoquinone : A member of the class of 1,4-benzoquiones that is 1,4-benzoquinone in which all four hydrogens are substituted by chlorines.		2.04101,4-benzoquinones;
organochlorine compound		EC 2.7.1.33 (pantothenate kinase) inhibitor;
metabolite
trinitrotoluene
Trinitrotoluene: A 2,4,6-trinitrotoluene, which is an explosive chemical that can cause skin irritation and other toxic consequences.. 2,4,6-trinitrotoluene : A trinitrotoluene having the nitro groups at positions 2, 4 and 6.		2.0510trinitrotolueneexplosive
framycetin
Framycetin: A component of NEOMYCIN that is produced by Streptomyces fradiae. On hydrolysis it yields neamine and neobiosamine B. (From Merck Index, 11th ed). framycetin : A tetracyclic antibacterial agent derived from neomycin, being a glycoside ester of neamine and neobiosamine B.		2.9840aminoglycosideallergen;
antibacterial drug;
Escherichia coli metabolite
suramin sodium
suramin sodium : An organic sodium salt that is the hexasodium salt of suramin. It is an FDA approved drug for African sleeping sickness and river blindness.		2.4420organic sodium saltangiogenesis inhibitor;
antinematodal drug;
antineoplastic agent;
apoptosis inhibitor;
EC 2.7.11.13 (protein kinase C) inhibitor;
GABA antagonist;
GABA-gated chloride channel antagonist;
purinergic receptor P2 antagonist;
ryanodine receptor agonist;
trypanocidal drug
pyrazolanthrone
pyrazolanthrone: JNK (c-Jun N-terminal kinase) inhibitor; structure in first source. anthra[1,9-cd]pyrazol-6(2H)-one : A member of the class of anthrapyrazoles that is anthra[1,9-cd]pyrazole substituted at position 6 by an oxo group. An inhibitor of c-Jun N-terminal kinase.		2.7430anthrapyrazole;
aromatic ketone;
cyclic ketone		antineoplastic agent;
c-Jun N-terminal kinase inhibitor;
geroprotector
di-n-pentyl phthalate
dipentyl phthalate : A phthalate ester that is the dipentyl ester of benzene-1,2-dicarboxylic acid.		2.4620diester;
phthalate ester		plasticiser
meglumine
Meglumine: 1-Deoxy-1-(methylamino)-D-glucitol. A derivative of sorbitol in which the hydroxyl group in position 1 is replaced by a methylamino group. Often used in conjunction with iodinated organic compounds as contrast medium.. N-methylglucamine : A hexosamine that is D-glucitol in which the hydroxy group at position 1 is substituted by the nitrogen of a methylamino group. A crystalline base, it is used in preparing salts of certain acids for use as diagnostic radiopaque media, while its antimonate is used as an antiprotozoal in the treatment of leishmaniasis.		2.0510hexosamine;
secondary amino compound
monobutyl phthalate
monobutyl phthalate: RN given refers to parent cpd		210phthalic acid monoester
cinchophen
cinchophen: was heading 1963-94; ACIPHENOCHINOLIUM was see CHINOPHEN 1978-94; use QUINOLINES to search CINCHOPHEN 1966-94		4.6880quinolines
chloroprocaine
chloroprocaine: RN given refers to parent cpd; structure. chloroprocaine : Procaine in which one of the hydrogens ortho- to the carboxylic acid group is substituted by chlorine. It is used as its monohydrochloride salt as a local anaesthetic, particularly for oral surgery. It has the advantage over lidocaine of constricting blood vessels, so reducing bleeding.		2.0710benzoate ester;
monochlorobenzenes		central nervous system depressant;
local anaesthetic;
peripheral nervous system drug
amiben
Amiben: RN given refers to parent cpd		2.0410chlorobenzoic acid
methapyrilene hydrochloride
methapyrilene hydrochloride : A hydrochloride that is the monohydrochloride salt of methapyrilene.		2.4420hydrochlorideanti-allergic agent;
carcinogenic agent;
H1-receptor antagonist;
sedative
phenazopyridine hydrochloride
phenazopyridine hydrochloride : A hydrochloride obtained by combining phenazopyridine with one equivalent of hydrochloric acid. A local anesthetic that has topical analgesic effect on mucosa lining of the urinary tract. Its use is limited by problems with toxicity (primarily blood disorders) and potential carcinogenicity.		2.7730hydrochloridecarcinogenic agent;
local anaesthetic;
non-narcotic analgesic
tetrracaine hydrochloride
leocaine: a crystal beta-modification of the beta-dimethylaminoethyl ether of n-butylaminobenzoic acid hydrochloride		2.7430benzoate ester
chelidamic acid
[no description available]		2.0310
monuron
monuron: minor descriptor (72-83); on-line & Index Medicus search UREA/AA (72-74) & HERBICIDES (72-74) & HERBICIDES UREA (75-83); RN given refers to unlabeled cpd; structure. monuron : A member of the class of 3-(3,4-substituted-phenyl)-1,1-dimethylureas that is urea in which one of the nitrogens is substituted by a p-chlorophenyl group while the other is substituted by two methyl groups.		2.04103-(3,4-substituted-phenyl)-1,1-dimethylurea;
monochlorobenzenes		environmental contaminant;
herbicide;
xenobiotic
4-tert-octylphenol
4-tert-octylphenol: structure given in first source		10.7961alkylbenzene
sterogenol
hexadecylpyridinium bromide: structure in first source. cetylpyridinium bromide : A pyridinium salt that has N-hexadecylpyridinium as the cation and bromide as the anion.		2.0510bromide salt;
pyridinium salt		antiseptic drug;
EC 2.7.11.18 (myosin-light-chain kinase) inhibitor;
surfactant
ethyl acrylate
[no description available]		2.2110enoate ester
iminodiacetic acid
iminodiacetic acid: used as hepatobiliary imaging agent when labeled with Tc; RN given refers to parent cpd; structure. iminodiacetic acid : An amino dicarboxylic acid that is glycine in which one of the hydrogens attached to the nitrogen is substituted by a carboxymethyl group.		2.0410amino dicarboxylic acid;
glycine derivative;
non-proteinogenic alpha-amino acid		chelator
pregnenolone
[no description available]		3.256020-oxo steroid;
3beta-hydroxy-Delta(5)-steroid;
C21-steroid		human metabolite;
mouse metabolite
yohimbine
Yohimbine: A plant alkaloid with alpha-2-adrenergic blocking activity. Yohimbine has been used as a mydriatic and in the treatment of ERECTILE DYSFUNCTION.. yohimbine : An indole alkaloid with alpha2-adrenoceptor antagonist activity. It is produced by Corynanthe johimbe and Rauwolfia serpentina.		2.7430methyl 17-hydroxy-20xi-yohimban-16-carboxylatealpha-adrenergic antagonist;
dopamine receptor D2 antagonist;
serotonergic antagonist
2-chloroadenosine
5-chloroformycin A: structure given in first source		2.4420purine nucleoside
diphenhydramine hydrochloride
Antitussive Agents: Agents that suppress cough. They act centrally on the medullary cough center. EXPECTORANTS, also used in the treatment of cough, act locally.. diphenhydramine hydrochloride : The hydrochloride salt of diphenhydramine.		2.9640hydrochloride;
organoammonium salt		anti-allergic agent;
antiemetic;
antiparkinson drug;
antipruritic drug;
H1-receptor antagonist;
local anaesthetic;
muscarinic antagonist;
sedative
nafcillin
Nafcillin: A semi-synthetic antibiotic related to penicillin.. nafcillin : A penicillin in which the substituent at position 6 of the penam ring is a (2-ethoxy-1-naphthoyl)amino group.		3.8330penicillin allergen;
penicillin		antibacterial drug
ditiocarb
Ditiocarb: A chelating agent that has been used to mobilize toxic metals from the tissues of humans and experimental animals. It is the main metabolite of DISULFIRAM.. diethyldithiocarbamic acid : A member of the class of dithiocarbamic acids that is diethylcarbamic acid in which both of the oxygens are replaced by sulfur.		2.0710dithiocarbamic acidschelator;
copper chelator
mequinol
mequinol: depigmenting agent; RN given refers to parent cpd		2.0510methoxybenzenes;
phenols		metabolite
methohexital
Methohexital: An intravenous anesthetic with a short duration of action that may be used for induction of anesthesia.. methohexital : A barbiturate, the structure of which is that of barbituric acid substituted at N-1 by a methyl group and at C-5 by allyl and 1-methylpent-2-ynyl groups.		3.5620acetylenic compound;
barbiturates		drug allergen;
intravenous anaesthetic
quinestrol
Quinestrol: The 3-cyclopentyl ether of ETHINYL ESTRADIOL. After gastrointestinal absorption, it is stored in ADIPOSE TISSUE, slowly released, and metabolized principally to the parent compound. It has been used in ESTROGEN REPLACEMENT THERAPY. (From AMA Drug Evaluations Annual, 1992, p1011)		2.051017-hydroxy steroid;
terminal acetylenic compound		xenoestrogen
cycloguanil
cycloguanil: the active metabolite of proguanil; antifolate drug; structure in first source. cycloguanil : A triazine in which a 1,6-dihydro-1,3,5-triazine ring is substituted at N-1 by a 4-chlorophenyl group, at C-2 and -4 by amino groups and at C-6 by gem-dimethyl groups. A dihydrofolate reductase inhibitor, it is a metabolite of the antimalarial drug proguanil.		2.0510triazinesantifolate;
antiinfective agent;
antimalarial;
antiparasitic agent;
antiprotozoal drug;
EC 1.5.1.3 (dihydrofolate reductase) inhibitor
dydrogesterone
[no description available]		2.482020-oxo steroid;
3-oxo-Delta(4) steroid		progestin
catechin
Catechin: An antioxidant flavonoid, occurring especially in woody plants as both (+)-catechin and (-)-epicatechin (cis) forms.. catechin : Members of the class of hydroxyflavan that have a flavan-3-ol skeleton and its substituted derivatives.. rac-catechin : A racemate comprising equimolar amounts of (+)- and (-)-catechin. (+)-catechin : The (+)-enantiomer of catechin and a polyphenolic antioxidant plant metabolite.		7.4420catechinantioxidant;
plant metabolite
tripelennamine hydrochloride
[no description available]		2.4620
phenetidine
Phenetidine: Used in the manufacture of acetophenetidin.. 4-ethoxyaniline : An aromatic ether that is aniline in which the hydrogen at position 4 is replaced by an ethoxy group. It is a hydrolysis metabolite of phenacetin.		2.0410aromatic ether;
primary amino compound;
substituted aniline		drug metabolite
cysteamine hydrochloride
[no description available]		2.0310
diazooxonorleucine
Diazooxonorleucine: An amino acid that inhibits phosphate-activated glutaminase and interferes with glutamine metabolism. It is an antineoplastic antibiotic produced by an unidentified species of Streptomyces from Peruvian soil. (From Merck Index, 11th ed). 6-diazo-5-oxo-L-norleucine : A non-proteinogenic L-alpha-amino acid that is L-norleucine which is substituted at position 5 by an oxo group and at position 6 by a diazo group. It is as inhibitor of various glutamine-utilising enzymes.		2.0410amino acid zwitterion;
diazo compound;
ketone;
non-proteinogenic L-alpha-amino acid		analgesic;
antibacterial agent;
antimetabolite;
antineoplastic agent;
antiviral agent;
apoptosis inducer;
bacterial metabolite;
EC 2.4.2.14 (amidophosphoribosyltransferase) inhibitor;
EC 3.5.1.2 (glutaminase) inhibitor;
EC 6.3.4.2 [CTP synthase (glutamine hydrolyzing)] inhibitor;
EC 6.3.5.1 [NAD(+) synthase (glutamine-hydrolysing)] inhibitor;
EC 6.3.5.2 [GMP synthase (glutamine-hydrolysing)] inhibitor;
EC 6.3.5.3 (phosphoribosylformylglycinamidine synthase) inhibitor;
EC 6.3.5.4 [asparagine synthase (glutamine-hydrolysing)] inhibitor;
EC 6.3.5.5 [carbamoyl-phosphate synthase (glutamine-hydrolysing)] inhibitor;
glutamine antagonist
quinazolines
Quinazolines: A group of aromatic heterocyclic compounds that contain a bicyclic structure with two fused six-membered aromatic rings, a benzene ring and a pyrimidine ring.. quinazoline : A mancude organic heterobicyclic parent that is naphthalene in which the carbon atoms at positions 1 and 3 have been replaced by nitrogen atoms.. quinazolines : Any organic heterobicyclic compound based on a quinazoline skeleton and its substituted derivatives.		2.4220azaarene;
mancude organic heterobicyclic parent;
ortho-fused heteroarene;
quinazolines
isoxazoles
Isoxazoles: Azoles with an OXYGEN and a NITROGEN next to each other at the 1,2 positions, in contrast to OXAZOLES that have nitrogens at the 1,3 positions.. isoxazole : A monocyclic heteroarene with a structure consisting of a 5-membered ring containing three carbon atoms and an oxygen and nitrogen atom adjacent to each other. It is the parent of the class of isoxazoles.. isoxazoles : Oxazoles in which the N and O atoms are adjacent.		1.9510isoxazoles;
mancude organic heteromonocyclic parent;
monocyclic heteroarene
oxazoles
Oxazoles: Five-membered heterocyclic ring structures containing an oxygen in the 1-position and a nitrogen in the 3-position, in distinction from ISOXAZOLES where they are at the 1,2 positions.. 1,3-oxazole : A five-membered monocyclic heteroarene that is an analogue of cyclopentadiene with O in place of CH2 at position 1 and N in place of CH at position 3.. oxazole : An azole based on a five-membered heterocyclic aromatic skeleton containing one N and one O atom.		4.712801,3-oxazoles;
mancude organic heteromonocyclic parent;
monocyclic heteroarene
thiazoles
[no description available]		4.02401,3-thiazoles;
mancude organic heteromonocyclic parent;
monocyclic heteroarene
ethynodiol diacetate
Ethynodiol Diacetate: A synthetic progestational hormone used alone or in combination with estrogens as an oral contraceptive (CONTRACEPTIVES, ORAL).		2.9540steroid ester;
terminal acetylenic compound		contraceptive drug;
estrogen receptor modulator;
synthetic oral contraceptive
propantheline bromide
[no description available]		2.9540xanthenes
ephedrine
Ephedrine: A phenethylamine found in EPHEDRA SINICA. PSEUDOEPHEDRINE is an isomer. It is an alpha- and beta-adrenergic agonist that may also enhance release of norepinephrine. It has been used for asthma, heart failure, rhinitis, and urinary incontinence, and for its central nervous system stimulatory effects in the treatment of narcolepsy and depression. It has become less extensively used with the advent of more selective agonists.. (-)-ephedrine : A phenethylamine alkaloid that is 2-phenylethanamine substituted by a methyl group at the amino nitrogen and a methyl and a hydroxy group at position 2 and 1 respectively.		3.5920phenethylamine alkaloid;
phenylethanolamines		bacterial metabolite;
environmental contaminant;
nasal decongestant;
plant metabolite;
sympathomimetic agent;
vasoconstrictor agent;
xenobiotic
hydrazine
diamine : Any polyamine that contains two amino groups.		2.7530azane;
hydrazines		EC 4.3.1.10 (serine-sulfate ammonia-lyase) inhibitor
chlormadinone acetate
Chlormadinone Acetate: An orally active synthetic progestational hormone used often in combinations as an oral contraceptive (CONTRACEPTIVES, ORAL).		10.01304corticosteroid hormone
methylpentynol carbamate
[no description available]		2.0410
mechlorethamine n-oxide
[no description available]		2.0410nitrogen mustard
edrophonium bromide
[no description available]		2.0610
norchlorcyclizine
norchlorcyclizine: RN given refers to parent cpd		2.0510
hydralazine hydrochloride
hydralazine hydrochloride : The hydrochloride salt of hydralazine; a direct-acting vasodilator that is used as an antihypertensive agent.		2.0310hydrochlorideantihypertensive agent;
vasodilator agent
2,3-dimercaptosuccinic acid
[no description available]		2.0510
ethamivan
ethamivan: minor descriptor (65-72); major descriptor (73-86); on-line search BENZAMIDES (66-86); INDEX MEDICUS search BENZAMIDES (65-72); ETHAMIVAN (73-86). etamivan : Phenol substituted at C-2 and C-4 by a methoxy group and an N,N-diethylaminocarbonyl group respectively. A respiratory stimulant drug related to nikethamide, it has now fallen largely into disuse.		2.0310methoxybenzenes;
phenols
pargyline hydrochloride
[no description available]		2.4420
estradiol 17 beta-cypionate
[no description available]		2.0210steroid ester
evans blue
Evans Blue: An azo dye used in blood volume and cardiac output measurement by the dye dilution method. It is very soluble, strongly bound to plasma albumin, and disappears very slowly.. Evans blue : An organic sodium salt that is the tetrasodium salt of 6,6'-{(3,3'-dimethyl[1,1'-biphenyl]-4,4'-diyl)bis[diazene-2,1-diyl]}bis(4-amino-5-hydroxynaphthalene-1,3-disulfonate). It is sometimes used as a counterstain, especially in fluorescent methods to suppress background autofluorescence.		2.0510organic sodium saltfluorochrome;
histological dye;
sodium channel blocker;
teratogenic agent
monocrotaline
Monocrotaline: A pyrrolizidine alkaloid and a toxic plant constituent that poisons livestock and humans through the ingestion of contaminated grains and other foods. The alkaloid causes pulmonary artery hypertension, right ventricular hypertrophy, and pathological changes in the pulmonary vasculature. Significant attenuation of the cardiopulmonary changes are noted after oral magnesium treatment.		2.4620pyrrolizidine alkaloid
testosterone enanthate
[no description available]		8.470heptanoate ester;
sterol ester		androgen
aminophylline
Aminophylline: A drug combination that contains THEOPHYLLINE and ethylenediamine. It is more soluble in water than theophylline but has similar pharmacologic actions. It's most common use is in bronchial asthma, but it has been investigated for several other applications.. aminophylline : A mixture comprising of theophylline and ethylenediamine in a 2:1 ratio.		4.0840mixturebronchodilator agent;
cardiotonic drug
azacitidine
Azacitidine: A pyrimidine analogue that inhibits DNA methyltransferase, impairing DNA methylation. It is also an antimetabolite of cytidine, incorporated primarily into RNA. Azacytidine has been used as an antineoplastic agent.. 5-azacytidine : An N-glycosyl-1,3,5-triazine that is 4-amino-1,3,5-triazin-2(1H)-one substituted by a beta-D-ribofuranosyl residue via an N-glycosidic linkage. An antineoplastic agent, it is used in the treatment of myeloid leukaemia.		4.6680N-glycosyl-1,3,5-triazine;
nucleoside analogue		antineoplastic agent
phenyramidol
phenyramidol: considered as a drug that possibly causes hepatotoxicity		2.0510aminopyridine
linuron
Linuron: A selective pre- and post-emergence herbicide. (From Merck Index, 11th ed). linuron : A member of the class of phenylureas that is N-methyl urea substituted by a methoxy group at position 1 and a 3,4-dichlorophenyl group at position 3.		4.01130dichlorobenzene;
phenylureas		agrochemical;
environmental contaminant;
herbicide;
xenobiotic
carbutamide
Carbutamide: A sulfonylurea antidiabetic agent with similar actions and uses to CHLORPROPAMIDE. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p277)		2.4520benzenes;
sulfonamide
orphenadrine hydrochloride
orphenadrine hydrochloride : A hydrochloride comprising equimolar amounts of ophenadrine and hydrogen chloride.		2.4420hydrochlorideantiparkinson drug;
H1-receptor antagonist;
muscarinic antagonist;
muscle relaxant;
NMDA receptor antagonist;
parasympatholytic
pseudoephedrine hydrochloride
pseudoephedrine hydrochloride : A hydrochloride that is the monohydrochloride salt of pseudoephedrine.		2.4620hydrochlorideplant metabolite
galantamine
Galantamine: A benzazepine derived from norbelladine. It is found in GALANTHUS and other AMARYLLIDACEAE. It is a cholinesterase inhibitor that has been used to reverse the muscular effects of GALLAMINE TRIETHIODIDE and TUBOCURARINE and has been studied as a treatment for ALZHEIMER DISEASE and other central nervous system disorders.. galanthamine : A benzazepine alkaloid isolated from certain species of daffodils.		3.8730benzazepine alkaloid fundamental parent;
benzazepine alkaloid;
organic heterotetracyclic compound;
tertiary amino compound		antidote to curare poisoning;
cholinergic drug;
EC 3.1.1.7 (acetylcholinesterase) inhibitor;
EC 3.1.1.8 (cholinesterase) inhibitor;
plant metabolite
nandrolone decanoate
Nandrolone Decanoate: Decanoic acid ester of nandrolone that is used as an anabolic agent to prevent or treat WASTING SYNDROME associated with severe chronic illness or HIV infection (HIV WASTING SYNDROME). It may also be used in the treatment of POSTMENOPAUSAL OSTEOPOROSIS.		4.2650steroid ester
aminoimidazole carboxamide
Aminoimidazole Carboxamide: An imidazole derivative which is a metabolite of the antineoplastic agents BIC and DIC. By itself, or as the ribonucleotide, it is used as a condensation agent in the preparation of nucleosides and nucleotides. Compounded with orotic acid, it is used to treat liver diseases.. 5-aminoimidazole-4-carboxamide : An aminoimidazole in which the amino group is at C-5 with a carboxamido group at C-4.		2.0210aminoimidazole;
monocarboxylic acid amide		mouse metabolite
methysergide
Methysergide: An ergot derivative that is a congener of LYSERGIC ACID DIETHYLAMIDE. It antagonizes the effects of serotonin in blood vessels and gastrointestinal smooth muscle, but has few of the properties of other ergot alkaloids. Methysergide is used prophylactically in migraine and other vascular headaches and to antagonize serotonin in the carcinoid syndrome.. methysergide : A synthetic ergot alkaloid, structurally related to the oxytocic agent methylergonovine and to the potent hallucinogen LSD and used prophylactically to reduce the frequency and intensity of severe vascular headaches.		2.1310ergoline alkaloid
bucladesine
[no description available]		2.05103',5'-cyclic purine nucleotide;
butanamides;
butyrate ester		agonist;
cardiotonic drug;
vasodilator agent
procarbazine hydrochloride
procarbazine hydrochloride : A hydrochloride obtained by combining procarbazine with one equivalent of hydrochloric acid. An antineoplastic chemotherapy drug used for treatment of Hodgkin's lymphoma. Metabolism yields azo-procarbazine and hydrogen peroxide, which results in the breaking of DNA strands.		2.7630hydrochlorideantineoplastic agent
N-[(2-chlorophenyl)methyl]-1-[4-[[(2-chlorophenyl)methylamino]methyl]cyclohexyl]methanamine
[no description available]		2.0510aromatic amine
betamethasone
Betamethasone: A glucocorticoid given orally, parenterally, by local injection, by inhalation, or applied topically in the management of various disorders in which corticosteroids are indicated. Its lack of mineralocorticoid properties makes betamethasone particularly suitable for treating cerebral edema and congenital adrenal hyperplasia. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p724)		3.8411011beta-hydroxy steroid;
17alpha-hydroxy steroid;
20-oxo steroid;
21-hydroxy steroid;
3-oxo-Delta(1),Delta(4)-steroid;
fluorinated steroid;
glucocorticoid;
primary alpha-hydroxy ketone;
tertiary alpha-hydroxy ketone		anti-asthmatic agent;
anti-inflammatory drug;
immunosuppressive agent
prenylamine
Prenylamine: A drug formerly used in the treatment of angina pectoris but superseded by less hazardous drugs. Prenylamine depletes myocardial catecholamine stores and has some calcium channel blocking activity. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p1406)		2.0510diarylmethane
benzenaminium, 4,4'-(3-oxo-1,5-pentanediyl)bis(n,n-dimethyl-n-2-propenyl-), dibromide
Benzenaminium, 4,4'-(3-oxo-1,5-pentanediyl)bis(N,N-dimethyl-N-2-propenyl-), Dibromide: Proposed cholinesterase inhibitor.		2.4420
perflubron
perflubron: potential anti-obesity compound; reduces food adsorption; 8-carbon perfluorocarbon radiopaque compound; an oral contrast agent for use with MRI to enhance delineation of the bowel distinguishing it from adjacent organs. perflubron : A haloalkane that is perfluorooctane in which a fluorine attached to one of the terminal carbons has been replaced by a bromine.		2.0510haloalkane;
organobromine compound;
perfluorinated compound		blood substitute;
radioopaque medium
fluorometholone
Fluorometholone: A glucocorticoid employed, usually as eye drops, in the treatment of allergic and inflammatory conditions of the eye. It has also been used topically in the treatment of various skin disorders. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p732). fluorometholone : A member of the class of glucocorticoids that is Delta(1)-progesterone substituted at positions 11beta and 17 by hydroxy groups, at position 6alpha by a methyl group and at position 9 by a fluoro group. Used for the treatment of corticosteroid-responsive inflammation of the palpebral and bulbar conjunctiva, cornea and anterior segment of the globe.		2.071011beta-hydroxy steroid;
17alpha-hydroxy steroid;
20-oxo steroid;
3-oxo-Delta(1),Delta(4)-steroid;
fluorinated steroid;
glucocorticoid;
tertiary alpha-hydroxy ketone		anti-inflammatory drug
cyproterone acetate
[no description available]		17.071723120-oxo steroid;
3-oxo-Delta(4) steroid;
acetate ester;
chlorinated steroid;
steroid ester		androgen antagonist;
geroprotector;
progestin
lithocholic acid
Lithocholic Acid: A bile acid formed from chenodeoxycholate by bacterial action, usually conjugated with glycine or taurine. It acts as a detergent to solubilize fats for absorption and is itself absorbed. It is used as cholagogue and choleretic.. lithocholic acid : A monohydroxy-5beta-cholanic acid with a alpha-hydroxy substituent at position 3. It is a bile acid obtained from chenodeoxycholic acid by bacterial action.. lithocholate : A bile acid anion that is the conjugate base of lithocholic acid.		2.4620bile acid;
C24-steroid;
monohydroxy-5beta-cholanic acid		geroprotector;
human metabolite;
mouse metabolite
nandrolone
Nandrolone: C18 steroid with androgenic and anabolic properties. It is generally prepared from alkyl ethers of ESTRADIOL to resemble TESTOSTERONE but less one carbon at the 19 position.. nandrolone : A 3-oxo Delta(4)-steroid that is estr-4-en-3-one substituted by a beta-hydroxy group at position 17.		5.521017beta-hydroxy steroid;
3-oxo-Delta(4) steroid;
anabolic androgenic steroid		human metabolite
hydantoins
Hydantoins: Compounds based on imidazolidine dione. Some derivatives are ANTICONVULSANTS.. imidazolidine-2,4-dione : An imidazolidinone with oxo groups at position 2 and 4.		2.7130imidazolidine-2,4-dione
chlorphentermine
Chlorphentermine: A sympathomimetic agent that was formerly used as an anorectic. It has properties similar to those of DEXTROAMPHETAMINE. It has been implicated in lipid storage disorders and pulmonary hypertension. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p1223)		2.0510amphetamines
dextropropoxyphene
Dextropropoxyphene: A narcotic analgesic structurally related to METHADONE. Only the dextro-isomer has an analgesic effect; the levo-isomer appears to exert an antitussive effect.. propoxyphene : A racemate of the (1R,2R)- and (1S,2R)- diastereoisomers.. dextropropoxyphene : The (1S,2R)-(+)-diastereoisomer of propoxyphene.		3.86301-benzyl-3-(dimethylamino)-2-methyl-1-phenylpropyl propanoatemu-opioid receptor agonist;
opioid analgesic
glycyrrhetinic acid
[no description available]		2.4720cyclic terpene ketone;
hydroxy monocarboxylic acid;
pentacyclic triterpenoid		immunomodulator;
plant metabolite
chenodeoxycholic acid
Chenodeoxycholic Acid: A bile acid, usually conjugated with either glycine or taurine. It acts as a detergent to solubilize fats for intestinal absorption and is reabsorbed by the small intestine. It is used as cholagogue, a choleretic laxative, and to prevent or dissolve gallstones.. chenodeoxycholic acid : A dihydroxy-5beta-cholanic acid that is (5beta)-cholan-24-oic acid substituted by hydroxy groups at positions 3 and 7 respectively.. chenodeoxycholate : Conjugate base of chenodeoxycholic acid; major species at pH 7.3.		4.6580bile acid;
C24-steroid;
dihydroxy-5beta-cholanic acid		human metabolite;
mouse metabolite
glycocholic acid
Glycocholic Acid: The glycine conjugate of CHOLIC ACID. It acts as a detergent to solubilize fats for absorption and is itself absorbed.. glycocholic acid : A bile acid glycine conjugate having cholic acid as the bile acid component.. glycocholate : A cholanic acid conjugate anion that is the conjugate base of glycocholic acid, obtained by deprotonation of the carboxy group; major species at pH 7.3.		2.0710bile acid glycine conjugatehuman metabolite
epitestosterone
Epitestosterone: The 17-alpha isomer of TESTOSTERONE, derived from PREGNENOLONE via the delta5-steroid pathway, and via 5-androstene-3-beta,17-alpha-diol. Epitestosterone acts as an antiandrogen in various target tissues. The ratio between testosterone/epitestosterone is used to monitor anabolic drug abuse.. epitestosterone : An androstanoid that is the C-17 epimer of testosterone.		2.081017alpha-hydroxy steroid;
3-oxo-Delta(4) steroid;
androstanoid		androgen antagonist;
human metabolite
plumbagin
plumbagin: a superoxide anion generator. plumbagin : A hydroxy-1,4-naphthoquinone that is 1,4-naphthoquinone in which the hydrogens at positions 2 and 5 are substituted by methyl and hydroxy groups, respectively.		2.0410hydroxy-1,4-naphthoquinone;
phenols		anticoagulant;
antineoplastic agent;
immunological adjuvant;
metabolite
emetine
Emetine: The principal alkaloid of ipecac, from the ground roots of Uragoga (or Cephaelis) ipecacuanha or U. acuminata, of the Rubiaceae. It is used as an amebicide in many different preparations and may cause serious cardiac, hepatic, or renal damage and violent diarrhea and vomiting. Emetine inhibits protein synthesis in EUKARYOTIC CELLS but not PROKARYOTIC CELLS.. emetine : A pyridoisoquinoline comprising emetam having methoxy substituents at the 6'-, 7'-, 10- and 11-positions. It is an antiprotozoal agent and emetic. It inhibits SARS-CoV2, Zika and Ebola virus replication and displays antimalarial, antineoplastic and antiamoebic properties.		3.360isoquinoline alkaloid;
pyridoisoquinoline		antiamoebic agent;
anticoronaviral agent;
antiinfective agent;
antimalarial;
antineoplastic agent;
antiprotozoal drug;
antiviral agent;
autophagy inhibitor;
emetic;
expectorant;
plant metabolite;
protein synthesis inhibitor
dihydralazine
Dihydralazine: 1,4-Dihydrazinophthalazine. An antihypertensive agent with actions and uses similar to those of HYDRALAZINE. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p354)		2.7630phthalazines
bicuculline
Bicuculline: An isoquinoline alkaloid obtained from Dicentra cucullaria and other plants. It is a competitive antagonist for GABA-A receptors.. bicuculline : A benzylisoquinoline alkaloid that is 6-methyl-5,6,7,8-tetrahydro[1,3]dioxolo[4,5-g]isoquinoline which is substituted at the 5-pro-S position by a (6R)-8-oxo-6,8-dihydrofuro[3,4-e][1,3]benzodioxol-6-yl group. A light-sensitive competitive antagonist of GABAA receptors. It was originally identified in 1932 in plant alkaloid extracts and has been isolated from Dicentra cucullaria, Adlumia fungosa, Fumariaceae, and several Corydalis species.		2.0310benzylisoquinoline alkaloid;
isoquinoline alkaloid;
isoquinolines		agrochemical;
central nervous system stimulant;
GABA-gated chloride channel antagonist;
GABAA receptor antagonist;
neurotoxin
kainic acid
Kainic Acid: (2S-(2 alpha,3 beta,4 beta))-2-Carboxy-4-(1-methylethenyl)-3-pyrrolidineacetic acid. Ascaricide obtained from the red alga Digenea simplex. It is a potent excitatory amino acid agonist at some types of excitatory amino acid receptors and has been used to discriminate among receptor types. Like many excitatory amino acid agonists it can cause neurotoxicity and has been used experimentally for that purpose.		2.0310dicarboxylic acid;
L-proline derivative;
non-proteinogenic L-alpha-amino acid;
pyrrolidinecarboxylic acid		antinematodal drug;
excitatory amino acid agonist
pamaquine
pamaquine: structure; RN given refers to parent cpd		2.0410aminoquinoline
phenylpropanolamine
Phenylpropanolamine: A sympathomimetic that acts mainly by causing release of NOREPINEPHRINE but also has direct agonist activity at some adrenergic receptors. It is most commonly used as a nasal vasoconstrictor and an appetite depressant.. phenylpropanolamine : An amphetamine in which the parent 1-phenylpropan-2-amine skeleton is substituted at position 1 with an hydroxy group. A decongestant and appetite suppressant, it is commonly used in prescription and over-the-counter cough and cold preparations.. (-)-norephedrine : An amphetamine that is propylbenzene substituted by a hydroxy group at position 1 and by an amino group at position 2 (the 1R,2S-stereoisomer). It is a plant alkaloid.		2.0510amphetamines;
phenethylamine alkaloid		plant metabolite
benzohydroxamic acid
[no description available]		2.0510
4-hydroxybutyric acid
4-hydroxybutyric acid: was an entry term to Sodium Oxybate (74-98). 4-hydroxybutyric acid : A 4-hydroxy monocarboxylic acid that is butyric acid in which one of the hydrogens at position 4 is replaced by a hydroxy group.		3.23104-hydroxy monocarboxylic acid;
hydroxybutyric acid		general anaesthetic;
GHB receptor agonist;
neurotoxin;
sedative
mustard gas
Mustard Gas: Severe irritant and vesicant of skin, eyes, and lungs. It may cause blindness and lethal lung edema and was formerly used as a war gas. The substance has been proposed as a cytostatic and for treatment of psoriasis. It has been listed as a known carcinogen in the Fourth Annual Report on Carcinogens (NTP-85-002, 1985) (Merck, 11th ed).. bis(2-chloroethyl) sulfide : An ethyl sulfide that is diethyl sulfide in which a hydrogen from each of the terminal methyl groups is replaced by a chlorine. It is a powerful vesicant regulated under the Chemical Weapons Convention.		2.0410ethyl sulfide;
organochlorine compound		alkylating agent;
carcinogenic agent;
vesicant
dihydroergotamine
Dihydroergotamine: A 9,10alpha-dihydro derivative of ERGOTAMINE. It is used as a vasoconstrictor, specifically for the therapy of MIGRAINE DISORDERS.. dihydroergotamine : Ergotamine in which a single bond replaces the double bond between positions 9 and 10. A semisynthetic ergot alkaloid with weaker oxytocic and vasoconstrictor properties than ergotamine, it is used (as the methanesulfonic or tartaric acid salts) for the treatment of migraine and orthostatic hypotension.		3.8730ergot alkaloid;
semisynthetic derivative		dopamine agonist;
non-narcotic analgesic;
serotonergic agonist;
sympatholytic agent;
vasoconstrictor agent
podophyllotoxin
Podophyllum: A genus of poisonous American herbs, family BERBERIDACEAE. The roots yield PODOPHYLLOTOXIN and other pharmacologically important agents. The plant was formerly used as a cholagogue and cathartic. It is different from the European mandrake, MANDRAGORA.		2.9540furonaphthodioxole;
lignan;
organic heterotetracyclic compound		antimitotic;
antineoplastic agent;
keratolytic drug;
microtubule-destabilising agent;
plant metabolite;
tubulin modulator
hesperidin
Hesperidin: A flavanone glycoside found in CITRUS fruit peels.. hesperidin : A disaccharide derivative that consists of hesperetin substituted by a 6-O-(alpha-L-rhamnopyranosyl)-beta-D-glucopyranosyl moiety at position 7 via a glycosidic linkage.		2.45203'-hydroxyflavanones;
4'-methoxyflavanones;
dihydroxyflavanone;
disaccharide derivative;
flavanone glycoside;
monomethoxyflavanone;
rutinoside		mutagen
medroxyprogesterone
[no description available]		5.0313017alpha-hydroxy steroid;
20-oxo steroid;
3-oxo-Delta(4) steroid;
tertiary alpha-hydroxy ketone		contraceptive drug;
progestin;
synthetic oral contraceptive
mestanolone
mestanolone: non-virilizing androgenic steroid; RN given refers to (5alpha,17beta)-isomer; structure		2.03103-oxo-5alpha-steroid
androstenediol
Androstenediol: An intermediate in TESTOSTERONE biosynthesis, found in the TESTIS or the ADRENAL GLANDS. Androstenediol, derived from DEHYDROEPIANDROSTERONE by the reduction of the 17-keto group (17-HYDROXYSTEROID DEHYDROGENASES), is converted to TESTOSTERONE by the oxidation of the 3-beta hydroxyl group to a 3-keto group (3-HYDROXYSTEROID DEHYDROGENASES).. androst-5-ene-3beta,17beta-diol : A 3beta-hydroxy-Delta(5)-steroid that is 3beta-hydroxyandrost-5-ene carrying an additional hydroxy group at position 17beta.		4.79017beta-hydroxy steroid;
3beta-hydroxy-Delta(5)-steroid		androgen;
human metabolite;
mouse metabolite;
radiation protective agent
dihydrotestosterone
Dihydrotestosterone: A potent androgenic metabolite of TESTOSTERONE. It is produced by the action of the enzyme 3-OXO-5-ALPHA-STEROID 4-DEHYDROGENASE.. 17beta-hydroxyandrostan-3-one : A 17beta-hydroxy steroid that is testosterone in which the 4-5 double bond has been reduced to a single bond with unspecified configuration at position 5.. 17beta-hydroxy-5alpha-androstan-3-one : A 17beta-hydroxy steroid that is testosterone in which the 4,5 double bond has been reduced to a single bond with alpha-configuration at position 5.		12.71315617beta-hydroxy steroid;
17beta-hydroxyandrostan-3-one;
3-oxo-5alpha-steroid		androgen;
Daphnia magna metabolite;
human metabolite;
mouse metabolite
luminol
Luminol: 5-Amino-2,3-dihydro-1,4-phthalazinedione. Substance that emits light on oxidation. It is used in chemical determinations.		7.0810
tetrahydrozoline hydrochloride
tetrahydrozoline hydrochloride : The hydrochloride salt of tetryzoline. It is used as a nasal decongestant.		2.4420hydrochloridenasal decongestant;
sympathomimetic agent;
vasoconstrictor agent
dequalinium chloride
dequalinium chloride : An organic chloride salt that is the dichloride salt of dequalinium.		2.4420organic chloride saltantifungal agent;
antineoplastic agent;
antiseptic drug;
mitochondrial NADH:ubiquinone reductase inhibitor
dimenhydrinate
gravinol: has antioxidant and ant-inflammatory activities; structure in first source		3.8830diarylmethane
apronalide
apronalide: structure		2.0410N-acylurea
4-(benzoylamino)-2-hydroxybenzoic acid
4-(benzoylamino)-2-hydroxybenzoic acid: Bepask is calcium salt		2.0710benzamides
chlormethiazole
Chlormethiazole: A sedative and anticonvulsant often used in the treatment of alcohol withdrawal. Chlormethiazole has also been proposed as a neuroprotective agent. The mechanism of its therapeutic activity is not entirely clear, but it does potentiate GAMMA-AMINOBUTYRIC ACID receptors response and it may also affect glycine receptors.		2.0510thiazoles
4,6-dinitro-o-cresol
4,6-dinitro-o-cresol: RN given refers to parent cpd; structure. 4,6-dinitro-o-cresol : A hydroxytoluene that is o-cresol carrying nitro substituents at positions 4 and 6.		2.0410dinitrophenol acaricide;
hydroxytoluene;
nitrotoluene		dinitrophenol insecticide;
fungicide;
herbicide
methamphetamine
Methamphetamine: A central nervous system stimulant and sympathomimetic with actions and uses similar to DEXTROAMPHETAMINE. The smokable form is a drug of abuse and is referred to as crank, crystal, crystal meth, ice, and speed.. methamphetamine : A member of the class of amphetamines in which the amino group of (S)-amphetamine carries a methyl substituent.		3.8730amphetamines;
secondary amine		central nervous system stimulant;
environmental contaminant;
neurotoxin;
psychotropic drug;
xenobiotic
levocarnitine
(R)-carnitine : The (R)-enantiomer of carnitine.		3.8530carnitineantilipemic drug;
nootropic agent;
nutraceutical;
Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite;
water-soluble vitamin (role)
decamethonium dibromide
[no description available]		2.4420
malondialdehyde
Malondialdehyde: The dialdehyde of malonic acid.. malonaldehyde : A dialdehyde that is propane substituted by two oxo groups at the terminal carbon atoms respectively. A biomarker of oxidative damage to lipids caused by smoking, it exists in vivo mainly in the enol form.		2.4920dialdehydebiomarker
sulfanilylurea
sulfanilylurea: antimicrobial agent; structure		3.5920benzenes;
sulfonamide
gentian violet
Gentian Violet: A dye that is a mixture of violet rosanilinis with antibacterial, antifungal, and anthelmintic properties.. crystal violet : An organic chloride salt that is the monochloride salt of crystal violet cation. It has been used in creams for the topical treatment of bacterial and fungal infections, being effective against some Gram-positive bacteria (notably Staphylococcus species) and some pathogenic fungi (including Candida species) but use declined following reports of animal carcinogenicity. It has also been used for dying wood, silk, and paper, as well as a histological stain.		2.0510organic chloride saltanthelminthic drug;
antibacterial agent;
antifungal agent;
antiseptic drug;
histological dye
amitriptyline hydrochloride
[no description available]		2.9640organic tricyclic compound
naphazoline hydrochloride
[no description available]		2.4420organic molecular entity
1-naphthylisothiocyanate
1-Naphthylisothiocyanate: A tool for the study of liver damage which causes bile stasis and hyperbilirubinemia acutely and bile duct hyperplasia and biliary cirrhosis chronically, with changes in hepatocyte function. It may cause skin and kidney damage.		3.1650isothiocyanateinsecticide
hematoporphyrin
Hematoporphyrins: Iron-free derivatives of heme with 4 methyl groups, 2 hydroxyethyl groups and 2 propionic acid groups attached to the pyrrole rings. Some of these PHOTOSENSITIZING AGENTS are used in the PHOTOTHERAPY of malignant NEOPLASMS.. hematoporphyrin : A dicarboxylic acid that is protoporphyrin in which the vinyl groups at positions 7 and 12 are replaced by 1-hydroxyethyl groups.		2.0510
doxylamine succinate
[no description available]		2.4420organic molecular entity
glycerylphosphorylcholine
Glycerylphosphorylcholine: A component of PHOSPHATIDYLCHOLINES or LECITHINS, in which the two hydroxy groups of GLYCEROL are esterified with fatty acids. (From Stedman, 26th ed)		2.3720glycerophosphocholine
carbamylhydrazine monohydrochloride
[no description available]		2.0310organic molecular entity
metahexamide
metahexamide: major descriptor (64-83); on-line search SULFONYLUREA COMPOUNDS (64-83); Index Medicus search METAHEXAMIDE (64-83); RN given refers to parent cpd; structure		2.0410benzenes;
sulfonamide
formestane
[no description available]		3.710017-oxo steroid;
3-oxo-Delta(4) steroid;
enol;
hydroxy steroid		antineoplastic agent;
EC 1.14.14.14 (aromatase) inhibitor
lactulose
[no description available]		3.8730glycosylfructosegastrointestinal drug;
laxative
isoxsuprine hydrochloride
[no description available]		2.4620alkylbenzene
debrisoquin sulfate
[no description available]		2.0310organic sulfate salt
diphenylamine
Diphenylamine: In humans it may be irritating to mucous membranes. Methemoglobinemia has been produced experimentally. In veterinary use, it is one of active ingredients in topical agents for prevention and treatment of screwworm infestation. An indicator in tests for nitrate poisoning.. diphenylamine : An aromatic amine containing two phenyl substituents. It has been used as a fungicide for the treatment of superficial scald in apples and pears, but is no longer approved for this purpose within the European Union.		2.0610aromatic amine;
bridged diphenyl fungicide;
secondary amino compound		antifungal agrochemical;
antioxidant;
carotogenesis inhibitor;
EC 1.3.99.29 [phytoene desaturase (zeta-carotene-forming)] inhibitor;
ferroptosis inhibitor;
radical scavenger
betaine hydrochloride
[no description available]		2.7430
bethanechol chloride
bethanechol chloride : The chloride salt of bethanechol. A slowly hydrolysed muscarinic agonist with no nicotinic effects, it is used to increase smooth muscle tone, as in the gastrointestinal tract following abdominal surgery, treatment of gastro-oesophageal reflux disease, and as an alternative to catheterisation in the treatment of non-obstructive urinary retention.		2.0310carbamate ester;
chloride salt;
quaternary ammonium salt		muscarinic agonist
megestrol acetate
[no description available]		13.2721220-oxo steroid;
3-oxo-Delta(4) steroid;
acetate ester;
steroid ester		antineoplastic agent;
appetite enhancer;
contraceptive drug;
progestin;
synthetic oral contraceptive
pamabrom
[no description available]		3.2310
toyocamycin
Toyocamycin: 4-Amino-5-cyano-7-(D-ribofuranosyl)-7H- pyrrolo(2,3-d)pyrimidine. Antibiotic antimetabolite isolated from Streptomyces toyocaensis cultures. It is an analog of adenosine, blocks RNA synthesis and ribosome function, and is used mainly as a tool in biochemistry.. toyocamycin : An N-glycosylpyrrolopyrimidine that is tubercidin in which the hydrogen at position 5 of the pyrrolopyrimidine moiety has been replaced by a cyano group.		2.0410antibiotic antifungal agent;
N-glycosylpyrrolopyrimidine;
nitrile;
ribonucleoside		antimetabolite;
antineoplastic agent;
apoptosis inducer;
bacterial metabolite
acetylcysteine
N-acetyl-L-cysteine : An N-acetyl-L-amino acid that is the N-acetylated derivative of the natural amino acid L-cysteine.		4.7690acetylcysteine;
L-cysteine derivative;
N-acetyl-L-amino acid		antidote to paracetamol poisoning;
antiinfective agent;
antioxidant;
antiviral drug;
ferroptosis inhibitor;
geroprotector;
human metabolite;
mucolytic;
radical scavenger;
vulnerary
3-hydroxyacetanilide
metacetamol : A derivative of phenol which has an acetamido substituent located meta to the phenolic -OH group. It is a non-toxic regioisomer of paracetamol with analgesic properties, but has never been marketed as a drug.		2.4620acetamides;
phenols		non-narcotic analgesic
methoxyacetic acid
methoxyacetic acid: RN given refers to parent cpd. methoxyacetic acid : A monocarboxylic acid that is acetic acid in which one of the methyl hydrogens is replaced by a methoxy group.		2.4620ether;
monocarboxylic acid		antineoplastic agent;
apoptosis inducer;
human xenobiotic metabolite;
mutagen
phendimetrazine
phendimetrazine: minor descriptor (66-86); file maintained to MORPHOLINES (66-86); on-line & INDEX MEDICUS search MORPHOLINES (66-86); RN given refers to parent cpd without isomeric designation		2.0710
trimetozine
[no description available]		2.0710morpholines
glycochenodeoxycholic acid
Glycochenodeoxycholic Acid: A bile salt formed in the liver from chenodeoxycholate and glycine, usually as the sodium salt. It acts as a detergent to solubilize fats for absorption and is itself absorbed. It is a cholagogue and choleretic.. glycochenodeoxycholate : A N-acylglycinate that is the conjugate base of glycochenodeoxycholic acid.. glycochenodeoxycholic acid : A bile acid glycine conjugate having 3alpha,7alpha-dihydroxy-5beta-cholan-24-oyl as the bile acid component.		2.0710bile acid glycine conjugatehuman metabolite
erythromycin stearate
[no description available]		2.0510aminoglycoside
erythromycin
Erythromycin: A bacteriostatic antibiotic macrolide produced by Streptomyces erythreus. Erythromycin A is considered its major active component. In sensitive organisms, it inhibits protein synthesis by binding to 50S ribosomal subunits. This binding process inhibits peptidyl transferase activity and interferes with translocation of amino acids during translation and assembly of proteins.. erythromycin : Any of several wide-spectrum macrolide antibiotics obtained from actinomycete Saccharopolyspora erythraea (formerly known as Streptomyces erythraeus).. erythromycin A : An erythromycin that consists of erythronolide A having 2,6-dideoxy-3-C-methyl-3-O-methyl-alpha-L-ribo-hexopyranosyl and 3,4,6-trideoxy-3-(dimethylamino)-beta-D-xylo-hexopyranosyl residues attahced at positions 4 and 6 respectively.		5.29160cyclic ketone;
erythromycin
dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate
Dehydroepiandrosterone Sulfate: The circulating form of a major C19 steroid produced primarily by the ADRENAL CORTEX. DHEA sulfate serves as a precursor for TESTOSTERONE; ANDROSTENEDIONE; ESTRADIOL; and ESTRONE.. dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate : A steroid sulfate that is the 3-sulfooxy derivative of dehydroepiandrosterone.		9.84311317-oxo steroid;
steroid sulfate		EC 2.7.1.33 (pantothenate kinase) inhibitor;
human metabolite;
mouse metabolite
isosorbide
Isosorbide: 1,4:3,6-Dianhydro D-glucitol. Chemically inert osmotic diuretic used mainly to treat hydrocephalus; also used in glaucoma.		2.0610organic molecular entity
docosanol
Tadenan: from powdered bark of Pygaeum africanum (Rosaceae), see also heading for docosanol (a priciple ingredient of extract). docosan-1-ol : A long-chain primary fatty alcohol that is docosane substituted by a hydroxy group at position 1. It is a non-prescription medicine approved by the FDA to shorten healing time of cold sores.. docosanol : A fatty alcohol consisting of a hydroxy function at any position of an unbranched saturated chain of twenty-two carbon atoms.		2.0710docosanol;
long-chain primary fatty alcohol		antiviral drug;
plant metabolite
hadacidin
hadacidin: inhibitor of AMP synthesis; RN given refers to parent cpd; structure. hadacidin : A monocarboxylic acid that is N-hydroxyglycine in which the hydrogen attached to the nitrogen is replaced by a formyl group. It was originally isolated from cultures of Penicillium frequentans.		2.0410aldehyde;
monocarboxylic acid;
N-hydroxy-alpha-amino-acid		antimicrobial agent;
antineoplastic agent;
Penicillium metabolite;
teratogenic agent
hydroxychloroquine sulfate
[no description available]		2.0810
carbophenothion
carbophenothion: structure		2.0410organic sulfide
o,p'-ddt
o,p'-DDT: RN given refers to cpd without isomeric designation.		2.0210diarylmethane
levonorgestrel
Levonorgestrel: A synthetic progestational hormone with actions similar to those of PROGESTERONE and about twice as potent as its racemic or (+-)-isomer (NORGESTREL). It is used for contraception, control of menstrual disorders, and treatment of endometriosis.		4.094017beta-hydroxy steroid;
3-oxo-Delta(4) steroid;
terminal acetylenic compound		contraceptive drug;
female contraceptive drug;
progestin;
synthetic oral contraceptive
porfiromycin
Porfiromycin: Toxic antibiotic of the mitomycin group, obtained from MITOMYCIN and also from Streptomyces ardus and other species. It is proposed as an antineoplastic agent, with some antibiotic properties.		2.0410
Mecamylamine hydrochloride
[no description available]		2.4420monoterpenoid
boldenone
boldenone: RN given refers to (17beta)-isomer. boldenone : An 3-oxo-Delta(1),Delta(4)-steroid substituted by an oxo group at position 3 and a beta-hydroxy group at position 17. It is an anabolic androgenic steroid that has been developed for veterinary use.		2.031017beta-hydroxy steroid;
3-oxo-Delta(1),Delta(4)-steroid;
anabolic androgenic steroid
dihydrotestosterone propionate
dihydrotestosterone propionate: RN given refers to (5alpha,17beta)-isomer; structure		3.0950
vinblastine
[no description available]		3.4370
1,4-androstadiene-3,17-dione
1,4-androstadiene-3,17-dione: structure. androsta-1,4-diene-3,17-dione : A steroid that consists of androstane having double bonds at positions 1 and 4 and two keto groups at positions 3 and 17.		2.051017-oxo steroid;
3-oxo-Delta(1) steroid;
3-oxo-Delta(4) steroid
diphenoxylate
Diphenoxylate: A MEPERIDINE congener used as an antidiarrheal, usually in combination with ATROPINE. At high doses, it acts like morphine. Its unesterified metabolite difenoxin has similar properties and is used similarly. It has little or no analgesic activity.. diphenoxylate : A piperidinecarboxylate ester that is the ethyl ester of difenoxin.		3.2310ethyl ester;
nitrile;
piperidinecarboxylate ester;
tertiary amine		antidiarrhoeal drug
1-methylpyridinium
1-methylpyridinium: RN given refers to parent cpd		2.0710methylpyridines
deoxycytidine
[no description available]		4.7321pyrimidine 2'-deoxyribonucleosideEscherichia coli metabolite;
human metabolite;
mouse metabolite;
Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite
deoxyuridine
[no description available]		2.0410pyrimidine 2'-deoxyribonucleosideEscherichia coli metabolite;
human metabolite;
mouse metabolite;
Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite
testolactone
Testolactone: An antineoplastic agent that is a derivative of progesterone and used to treat advanced breast cancer.		5.96523-oxo-Delta(1),Delta(4)-steroid;
seco-androstane
cyproheptadine hydrochloride (anhydrous)
cyproheptadine hydrochloride (anhydrous) : The hydrochloride salt of cyproheptadine. Note that the drug named cyproheptadine hydrochloride generally refers to cyproheptadine hydrochloride sesquihydrate.		2.9640hydrochloride
estradiol valerate
[no description available]		2.4420steroid ester
ethambutol hydrochloride
ethambutol dihydrochloride : The dihydrchloride salt of ethambutol. A bacteriostatic antimycobacterial drug, it is effective against Mycobacterium tuberculosis and some other mycobacteria. It is used in combination with other antituberculous drugs in the treatment of pulmonary and extrapulmonary tuberculosis; resistant strains of M. tuberculosis are readily produced if ethambutol dihydrochloride is used alone.		2.0810hydrochlorideantitubercular agent
ethambutol
Ethambutol: An antitubercular agent that inhibits the transfer of mycolic acids into the cell wall of the tubercle bacillus. It may also inhibit the synthesis of spermidine in mycobacteria. The action is usually bactericidal, and the drug can penetrate human cell membranes to exert its lethal effect. (From Smith and Reynard, Textbook of Pharmacology, 1992, p863). ethambutol : An ethylenediamine derivative that is ethane-1,2-diamine in which one hydrogen attached to each of the nitrogens is sutstituted by a 1-hydroxybutan-2-yl group (S,S-configuration). It is a bacteriostatic antimycobacterial drug, effective against Mycobacterium tuberculosis and some other mycobacteria. It is used (as the dihydrochloride salt) in combination with other antituberculous drugs in the treatment of pulmonary and extrapulmonary tuberculosis; resistant strains of M. tuberculosis are readily produced if ethambutol is used alone.		4.2650ethanolamines;
ethylenediamine derivative		antitubercular agent;
environmental contaminant;
xenobiotic
pyrithioxin
Pyrithioxin: A neurotropic agent which reduces permeability of blood-brain barrier to phosphate. It has no vitamin B6 activity.		2.0410methylpyridines
tetramethylpyrazine
tetramethylpyrazine: found in Ligusticum chuanxiong. tetramethylpyrazine : A member of the class of pyrazines that is pyrazine in which all four hydrogens have been replaced by methyl groups. An alkaloid extracted from Chuanxiong (Ligusticum wallichii).		2.0710alkaloid;
pyrazines		antineoplastic agent;
apoptosis inhibitor;
bacterial metabolite;
neuroprotective agent;
platelet aggregation inhibitor;
vasodilator agent
sodium hydroxide
Sodium Hydroxide: A highly caustic substance that is used to neutralize acids and make sodium salts. (From Merck Index, 11th ed)		2.1110alkali metal hydroxide
antimycin a
[no description available]		2.4720benzamides;
formamides;
macrodiolide;
phenols		antifungal agent;
mitochondrial respiratory-chain inhibitor;
piscicide
vancomycin
Vancomycin: Antibacterial obtained from Streptomyces orientalis. It is a glycopeptide related to RISTOCETIN that inhibits bacterial cell wall assembly and is toxic to kidneys and the inner ear.. vancomycin : A complex glycopeptide from Streptomyces orientalis. It inhibits a specific step in the synthesis of the peptidoglycan layer in the Gram-positive bacteria Staphylococcus aureus and Clostridium difficile.		4.6780glycopeptideantibacterial drug;
antimicrobial agent;
bacterial metabolite
nsc 65346
sangivamycin: RN given refers to parent cpd. sangivamycin : A nucleoside analogue that is adenosine in which the nitrogen at position 7 is replaced by a carbamoyl-substituted carbon. It is a potent inhibitor of protein kinase C.		2.0410nucleoside analogueprotein kinase inhibitor
glycyrrhizic acid
glycyrrhizinic acid : A triterpenoid saponin that is the glucosiduronide derivative of 3beta-hydroxy-11-oxoolean-12-en-30-oic acid.		2.4620enone;
glucosiduronic acid;
pentacyclic triterpenoid;
tricarboxylic acid;
triterpenoid saponin		EC 3.4.21.5 (thrombin) inhibitor;
plant metabolite
d-alpha tocopherol
Vitamin E: A generic descriptor for all TOCOPHEROLS and TOCOTRIENOLS that exhibit ALPHA-TOCOPHEROL activity. By virtue of the phenolic hydrogen on the 2H-1-benzopyran-6-ol nucleus, these compounds exhibit varying degree of antioxidant activity, depending on the site and number of methyl groups and the type of ISOPRENOIDS.. tocopherol : A collective name for a group of closely related lipids that contain a chroman-6-ol nucleus substituted at position 2 by a methyl group and by a saturated hydrocarbon chain consisting of three isoprenoid units. They are designated as alpha-, beta-, gamma-, and delta-tocopherol depending on the number and position of additional methyl substituents on the aromatic ring. Tocopherols occur in vegetable oils and vegetable oil products, almost exclusively with R,R,R configuration. Tocotrienols differ from tocopherols only in having three double bonds in the hydrocarbon chain.. vitamin E : Any member of a group of fat-soluble chromanols that exhibit biological activity against vitamin E deficiency. The vitamers in this class consists of a chroman-6-ol core which is substituted at position 2 by a methyl group and (also at position 2) either a saturated or a triply-unsaturated hydrocarbon chain consisting of three isoprenoid units. The major function of vitamin E is to act as a natural antioxidant by scavenging free radicals and molecular oxygen.. (R,R,R)-alpha-tocopherol : An alpha-tocopherol that has R,R,R configuration. The naturally occurring stereoisomer of alpha-tocopherol, it is found particularly in sunflower and olive oils.		3.8530alpha-tocopherolalgal metabolite;
antiatherogenic agent;
anticoagulant;
antioxidant;
antiviral agent;
EC 2.7.11.13 (protein kinase C) inhibitor;
immunomodulator;
micronutrient;
nutraceutical;
plant metabolite
mesterolone
Mesterolone: 17 beta-Hydroxy-1 alpha-methyl-5 alpha-androstan-3-one. A synthetic steroid with anabolic and androgenic activities.		2.15103-oxo-5alpha-steroid
pregnenolone carbonitrile
Pregnenolone Carbonitrile: A catatoxic steroid and microsomal enzyme inducer having significant effects on the induction of cytochrome P450. It has also demonstrated the potential for protective capability against acetaminophen-induced liver damage.		2.4720aliphatic nitrile
guanazole
Guanazole: A cytostatic triazole derivative which is not to be confused with guanazolo, the generic name for 8-azaguanine.. guanazole : An aromatic amine that is 1,2,4-triazole substituted at positions 3 and 5 by amino groups.		2.0410aromatic amine;
triazoles		antineoplastic agent;
DNA synthesis inhibitor;
EC 1.17.4.1 (ribonucleoside-diphosphate reductase) inhibitor
flurandrenolone
Flurandrenolone: A corticosteroid used topically in the treatment of various skin disorders. It is usually employed as a cream or an ointment, and is also used as a polyethylene tape with an adhesive. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p733)		2.071021-hydroxy steroid
ibufenac
ibufenac: used in the treatment of rheumatism; also possesses antipyretic properties; minor descriptor (75-84); on-line & Index Medicus search PHENYLACETATES (75-84); RN given refers to parent cpd. ibufenac : A monocarboxylic acid that is acetic acid in which one of the methyl hydrogens is replaced by a 4-isobutylphenyl group. Although it was shown to be effective in treatment of rheumatoid arthritis, the clinical use of ibufenac was discontinued due to hepatotoxic side-effects.		4.0840monocarboxylic acidEC 1.14.99.1 (prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase) inhibitor;
hepatotoxic agent;
non-narcotic analgesic;
non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug
metylperon
metylperon: RN given refers to parent cpd		2.0810aromatic ketone
meturedepa
meturedepa: structure in Merck Index, 9th ed, #6031		2.0410phosphoramide
metaxalone
[no description available]		3.2310aromatic ether
ioxynil
ioxynil: RN given refers to parent cpd; structure. ioxynil : A nitrile that is benzonitrile substituted by a hydroxy group at position 4 and iodo groups at positions 3 and 5.		2.0410iodophenol;
nitrile		environmental contaminant;
herbicide;
xenobiotic
bromoxynil
bromoxynil: RN given refers to parent cpd; structure. 3,5-dibromo-4-hydroxybenzonitrile : A dibromobenzene that is 2,6-dibromophenol substituted by a cyano group at position 4.		2.0410dibromobenzene;
hydroxynitrile;
phenols		environmental contaminant;
herbicide;
xenobiotic
spectinomycin
Spectinomycin: An antibiotic produced by Streptomyces spectabilis. It is active against gram-negative bacteria and used for the treatment of GONORRHEA.. spectinomycin dihydrochloride : A hydrochloride obtained by combining spectinomycin with two molar equivalents of hydrochloric acid. An antibiotic that is active against gram-negative bacteria and used (as its pentahydrate) to treat gonorrhea.. spectinomycin : A pyranobenzodioxin and antibiotic that is active against gram-negative bacteria and used (as its dihydrochloride pentahydrate) to treat gonorrhea. It is produced by the bacterium Streptomyces spectabilis.		3.5920cyclic acetal;
cyclic hemiketal;
cyclic ketone;
pyranobenzodioxin;
secondary alcohol;
secondary amino compound		antibacterial drug;
antimicrobial agent;
bacterial metabolite
2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzodioxine
Tetrachlorodibenzodioxin: A mixture of isomers.		2.0510polychlorinated dibenzodioxine
4-octylphenol
4-octylphenol: xenoestrogen. 4-octylphenol : A member of the class of phenols that is phenol which is substituted at the para- position by an octyl group.		2.0210phenolsmetabolite;
surfactant;
xenoestrogen
5 alpha-androstane-3 alpha,17 beta-diol
5alpha-androstane-3alpha,17beta-diol : The 5alpha-stereoisomer of androstane-3alpha,17beta-diol.		2.4420androstane-3alpha,17beta-diolDaphnia magna metabolite;
human metabolite
paraquat
Paraquat: A poisonous dipyridilium compound used as contact herbicide. Contact with concentrated solutions causes irritation of the skin, cracking and shedding of the nails, and delayed healing of cuts and wounds.. paraquat : An organic cation that consists of 4,4'-bipyridine bearing two N-methyl substituents loctated at the 1- and 1'-positions.		2.7530organic cationgeroprotector;
herbicide
picloram
Picloram: A picolinic acid derivative that is used as a herbicide.. picloram : A pyridinemonocarboxylic acid that is pyridine-2-carboxylic acid which is substituted by a chloro group at positions 3,5 and 6, and by an amino group at position 4. It is a systemic herbicide used to control deeply rooted herbaceous weeds and woody plants in rights-of-way, forestry, range lands, pastures, and small grain crops.		2.0410aminopyridine;
chloropyridine;
organochlorine pesticide;
pyridinemonocarboxylic acid		herbicide;
synthetic auxin
s,n,n'-tripropylthiocarbamate
Reward: An object or a situation that can serve to reinforce a response, to satisfy a motive, or to afford pleasure.. vernolate : A monounsaturated fatty acid anion that is the conjugate base of vernolic acid, obtained by deprotonation of the carboxy group; major species at pH 7.3.		2.0210tertiary amine
ethoglucid
Ethoglucid: Alkylating antineoplastic agent used especially in bladder neoplasms. It is toxic to hair follicles, gastro-intestinal tract, and vasculature.		2.0410epoxide
dronabinol
Dronabinol: A psychoactive compound extracted from the resin of Cannabis sativa (marihuana, hashish). The isomer delta-9-tetrahydrocannabinol (THC) is considered the most active form, producing characteristic mood and perceptual changes associated with this compound.. Delta(9)-tetrahydrocannabinol : A diterpenoid that is 6a,7,8,10a-tetrahydro-6H-benzo[c]chromene substituted at position 1 by a hydroxy group, positions 6, 6 and 9 by methyl groups and at position 3 by a pentyl group. The principal psychoactive constituent of the cannabis plant, it is used for treatment of anorexia associated with AIDS as well as nausea and vomiting associated with cancer chemotherapy.		3.8530benzochromene;
diterpenoid;
phytocannabinoid;
polyketide		cannabinoid receptor agonist;
epitope;
hallucinogen;
metabolite;
non-narcotic analgesic
amiloride
Amiloride: A pyrazine compound inhibiting SODIUM reabsorption through SODIUM CHANNELS in renal EPITHELIAL CELLS. This inhibition creates a negative potential in the luminal membranes of principal cells, located in the distal convoluted tubule and collecting duct. Negative potential reduces secretion of potassium and hydrogen ions. Amiloride is used in conjunction with DIURETICS to spare POTASSIUM loss. (From Gilman et al., Goodman and Gilman's The Pharmacological Basis of Therapeutics, 9th ed, p705). amiloride : A member of the class of pyrazines resulting from the formal monoacylation of guanidine with the carboxy group of 3,5-diamino-6-chloropyrazine-2-carboxylic acid.		4.6480aromatic amine;
guanidines;
organochlorine compound;
pyrazines		diuretic;
sodium channel blocker
pimozide
Pimozide: A diphenylbutylpiperidine that is effective as an antipsychotic agent and as an alternative to HALOPERIDOL for the suppression of vocal and motor tics in patients with Tourette syndrome. Although the precise mechanism of action is unknown, blockade of postsynaptic dopamine receptors has been postulated. (From AMA Drug Evaluations Annual, 1994, p403). pimozide : A member of the class of benzimidazoles that is 1,3-dihydro-2H-benzimidazol-2-one in which one of the nitrogens is substituted by a piperidin-4-yl group, which in turn is substituted on the nitrogen by a 4,4-bis(p-fluorophenyl)butyl group.		4.6580benzimidazoles;
heteroarylpiperidine;
organofluorine compound		antidyskinesia agent;
dopaminergic antagonist;
first generation antipsychotic;
H1-receptor antagonist;
serotonergic antagonist
7-hydroxychlorpromazine
7-hydroxychlorpromazine: RN given refers to parent cpd		2.0810phenothiazines
azetidyl-2-carboxylic acid
azetidyl-2-carboxylic acid: a proline analog (with 4-membered ring in place of 5); a toxic non-protein amino acid that is misincorporated into protein in place of proline; induces nonfunctional heat-shock proteins; inhibits acquired thermotolerance; RN given refers to (L)-isomer; found in beets and Liliaceae. (S)-azetidine-2-carboxylic acid : The (S)-enantiomer of azetidine-2-carboxylic acid.. azetidinecarboxylic acid : A member of the class of azetidines that is azetidine substituted by at least one carboxy group at unspecified position.		2.0310azetidine-2-carboxylic acid
flumethasone
Flumethasone: An anti-inflammatory glucocorticoid used in veterinary practice.		2.462011beta-hydroxy steroid;
17alpha-hydroxy steroid;
20-oxo steroid;
21-hydroxy steroid;
3-oxo-Delta(1),Delta(4)-steroid;
fluorinated steroid;
glucocorticoid;
primary alpha-hydroxy ketone;
tertiary alpha-hydroxy ketone		anti-inflammatory drug
betamethasone valerate
Betamethasone Valerate: The 17-valerate derivative of BETAMETHASONE. It has substantial topical anti-inflammatory activity and relatively low systemic anti-inflammatory activity.. betamethasone valerate : A steroid ester that is betamethasone in which the hydroxy group at the 17alpha position has been converted to the corresponding pentanoate ester.		2.021011beta-hydroxy steroid;
20-oxo steroid;
21-hydroxy steroid;
3-oxo-Delta(1),Delta(4)-steroid;
fluorinated steroid;
primary alpha-hydroxy ketone;
steroid ester		anti-inflammatory drug
azaribine
azaribine: pyrimidine analogue; anti-metabolite used in psoriasis & mycosis fungoides;. azaribine : A N-glycosyl-1,2,4-triazine that is 6-azauridine acetylated at positions 2', 3' and 5' on the sugar ring. It is a prodrug for 6-azauridine and is used for treatment of psoriasis.		2.0410acetate ester;
N-glycosyl-1,2,4-triazine		antipsoriatic;
prodrug
phenethyl isothiocyanate
phenethyl isothiocyanate: a dietary liver aldehyde dehydrogenase inhibitor; promotes urinary bladder carcinoma. phenethyl isothiocyanate : An isothiocyanate having a phenethyl group attached to the nitrogen. It is a naturally occurring compound found in some cruciferous vegetables (e.g. watercress) and is known to possess anticancer properties.		2.4620isothiocyanateantineoplastic agent;
EC 1.2.1.3 [aldehyde dehydrogenase (NAD(+))] inhibitor;
metabolite
muscarine
[no description available]		2.0310
methylprednisolone hemisuccinate
Methylprednisolone Hemisuccinate: A water-soluble ester of METHYLPREDNISOLONE used for cardiac, allergic, and hypoxic emergencies.		2.0210corticosteroid hormone;
hemisuccinate
dexbrompheniramine
dexbrompheniramine : The (pharmacologically active) (S)-(+)-enantiomer of brompheniramine. A histamine H1 receptor antagonist, it is used (commonly as its maleate salt) for the symptomatic relief of allergic conditions, including rhinitis and conjunctivitis.		3.2310brompheniramineanti-allergic agent;
H1-receptor antagonist
sulfadoxine
Sulfadoxine: A long acting sulfonamide that is used, usually in combination with other drugs, for respiratory, urinary tract, and malarial infections.. sulfadoxine : A sulfonamide consisting of pyrimidine having methoxy substituents at the 5- and 6-positions and a 4-aminobenzenesulfonamido group at the 4-position. In combination with the antiprotozoal pyrimethamine (CHEBI:8673) it is used as an antimalarial.		2.9840pyrimidines;
sulfonamide		antibacterial drug;
antimalarial
1,3,5-triglycidyl-s-triazinetrione
[no description available]		2.0410
antazoline hydrochloride
[no description available]		2.4420
acadesine
[no description available]		2.05101-ribosylimidazolecarboxamide;
aminoimidazole;
nucleoside analogue		antineoplastic agent;
platelet aggregation inhibitor
acetophenazine
acetophenazine: major descriptor (73-85); minor descriptor (64-72); on-line search PHENOTHIAZINES (64-85); Index Medicus search PHENOTHIAZINES (64-72); ACETOPHENAZINE (73-85); RN given refers to parent cpd. acetophenazine : A member of the class of phenothiazines that is 10H-phenothiazine substituted by a 3-[4-(2-hydroxyethyl)piperazin-1-yl]propyl group at the nitogen atom and an acetyl group at position 2.		2.4520N-(2-hydroxyethyl)piperazine;
N-alkylpiperazine;
phenothiazines		phenothiazine antipsychotic drug
stavudine
Stavudine: A dideoxynucleoside analog that inhibits reverse transcriptase and has in vitro activity against HIV.. stavudine : A nucleoside analogue obtained by formal dehydration across positions 2 and 3 of thymidine. An inhibitor of HIV-1 reverse transcriptase		4.87100dihydrofuran;
nucleoside analogue;
organic molecular entity		antimetabolite;
antiviral agent;
EC 2.7.7.49 (RNA-directed DNA polymerase) inhibitor
doxifluridine
doxifluridine : A pyrimidine 5'-deoxyribonucleoside that is 5-fluorouridine in which the hydroxy group at the 5' position is replaced by a hydrogen. It is an oral prodrug of the antineoplastic agent 5-fluorouracil. Designed to circumvent the rapid degradation of 5-fluorouracil by dihydropyrimidine dehydrogenase in the gut wall, it is converted into 5-fluorouracil in the presence of pyrimidine nucleoside phosphorylase.		2.7330organofluorine compound;
pyrimidine 5'-deoxyribonucleoside		antimetabolite;
antineoplastic agent;
prodrug
dicloxacillin
Dicloxacillin: One of the PENICILLINS which is resistant to PENICILLINASE.. dicloxacillin : A penicillin that is 6-aminopenicillanic acid in which one of the amino hydrogens is replaced by a 3-(2,6-dichlorophenyl)-5-methyl-1,2-oxazol-4-yl]formyl group.		4.5470dichlorobenzene;
penicillin		antibacterial drug
improsan
improsan: synonyms NSC-102627, alkylating agent 864 & yoshi 864 refer to HCl; RN given refers to parent cpd; structure		2.0410organosulfonic ester
cyclacillin
Cyclacillin: A cyclohexylamido analog of PENICILLANIC ACID.		2.0210penicillinantibacterial drug
iproclozide
iproclozide: structure		2.0510aromatic ether
megestrol
Megestrol: A progestational hormone used most commonly as the acetate ester. As the acetate, it is more potent than progesterone both as a progestagen and as an ovulation inhibitor. It has also been used in the palliative treatment of breast cancer.. megestrol : A 3-oxo Delta(4)-steroid that is pregna-4,6-diene-3,20-dione substituted by a methyl group at position 6 and a hydroxy group at position 17.		8.5121217alpha-hydroxy steroid;
20-oxo steroid;
3-oxo-Delta(4) steroid;
tertiary alpha-hydroxy ketone		antineoplastic agent;
appetite enhancer;
contraceptive drug;
progestin;
synthetic oral contraceptive
meclofenoxate hydrochloride
[no description available]		2.0310
tranylcypromine
Tranylcypromine: A propylamine formed from the cyclization of the side chain of amphetamine. This monoamine oxidase inhibitor is effective in the treatment of major depression, dysthymic disorder, and atypical depression. It also is useful in panic and phobic disorders. (From AMA Drug Evaluations Annual, 1994, p311). tranylcypromine : A racemate comprising equal amounts of (1R,2S)- and (1S,2R)-2-phenylcyclopropan-1-amine. An irreversible monoamine oxidase inhibitor that is used as an antidepressant (INN tranylcypromine).. (1R,2S)-tranylcypromine : A 2-phenylcyclopropan-1-amine that is the (1R,2S)-enantiomer of tranylcypromine.		2.44202-phenylcyclopropan-1-amine
streptomycin
[no description available]		4.7890antibiotic antifungal drug;
antibiotic fungicide;
streptomycins		antibacterial drug;
antifungal agrochemical;
antimicrobial agent;
antimicrobial drug;
bacterial metabolite;
protein synthesis inhibitor
butylhydroxybutylnitrosamine
Butylhydroxybutylnitrosamine: A substituted carcinogenic nitrosamine.. N-butyl-N-(4-hydroxybutyl)nitrosamine : A nitrosamine that has butyl and 4-hydroxybutyl substituents. In mice, it causes high-grade, invasive cancers in the urinary bladder, but not in any other tissues.		2.3920nitrosamine;
primary alcohol		carcinogenic agent
piperacetazine
piperacetazine: was MH 1975-91 (see under PHENOTHIAZINE TRANQUILIZERS 1975-90)		2.0410phenothiazines
nitroxoline
nitroxoline: structure in Merck Index, 9th ed, #6475; RN given refers to parent cpd. nitroxoline : A monohydroxyquinoline in which the hydroxy group is positioned at C-8 with a nitro group trans to it at C-5.		2.0810C-nitro compound;
monohydroxyquinoline		antifungal agent;
antiinfective agent;
antimicrobial agent;
renal agent
clonidine hydrochloride
[no description available]		2.7430dichlorobenzene
cladribine
[no description available]		4.4160organochlorine compound;
purine 2'-deoxyribonucleoside		antineoplastic agent;
immunosuppressive agent
beclomethasone
[no description available]		3.558011beta-hydroxy steroid;
17alpha-hydroxy steroid;
20-oxo steroid;
21-hydroxy steroid;
3-oxo-Delta(1),Delta(4)-steroid;
chlorinated steroid;
corticosteroid;
glucocorticoid;
primary alpha-hydroxy ketone;
tertiary alpha-hydroxy ketone		anti-asthmatic drug;
anti-inflammatory drug
pyrodifenium bromide
pyrodifenium bromide: was heading 1976-94 (see under PYRROLIDINES 1976-90); PRIFINIUM BROMIDE was see PYRODIFENIUM BROMIDE 1976-94: use PYRROLIDINES to search PYRODIFENIUM BROMIDE 1976-94; quaternary ammonium anticholinergic agent more specific for the gastrointestinal tract than atropine		2.0510organic molecular entity
ethylene dimethanesulfonate
ethylene dimethanesulfonate: antispermatogenic agent; structure		3.6190
carbenicillin
Carbenicillin: Broad-spectrum semisynthetic penicillin derivative used parenterally. It is susceptible to gastric juice and penicillinase and may damage platelet function.. carbenicillin : A penicillin antibiotic having a 6beta-2-carboxy-2-phenylacetamido side-chain.		3.5820penicillin allergen;
penicillin		antibacterial drug
carbenicillin disodium
[no description available]		2.0510organic sodium salt
dehydroemetine
dehydroemetine: was MH 1991-94 (see under EMETINE 1976-90); use EMETINE to search DEHYDROEMETINE 1976-94; amebicide, derivative of emetine. dehydroemetine : A pyridoisoquinoline which was developed in response to the cardiovascular toxicity associated with emetine and results from the dehydrogenation of the heterotricylic ring of emetine. It is an antiprotozoal agent and displays antimalarial, antiamoebic, and antileishmanial properties.		2.0510aromatic ether;
isoquinolines;
pyridoisoquinoline		antileishmanial agent;
antimalarial;
antiprotozoal drug
estradiol enanthate
[no description available]		2.0210steroid ester
noxiptilin
noxiptilin: proposed tricyclic antidepressent; minor descriptor (75-86); on line & INDEX MEDICUS search DIBENZOCYCLOHEPTENES (75-86); RN given refers to parent cpd		2.0510organic tricyclic compound
benorilate
benorilate: was heading 1980-94 (see under SALICYLATES 1980-90); was BENORYLATE see under SALICYLATES 1975-79; BENORYLATE was see BENORILATE 1980-94; use SALICYLATES to search BENORILATE 1980-90 & BENORYLATE 1975-79; an ester of aspirin and paracetamol with analgesic, antipyretic, and anti-inflammatory activity used in the treatment of rheumatoid diseases; it has less severe side effects than aspirin		2.0510carbonyl compound
trimetazidine
Trimetazidine: A vasodilator used in angina of effort or ischemic heart disease.		2.0510aromatic amine
buthionine sulfoximine
Buthionine Sulfoximine: A synthetic amino acid that depletes glutathione by irreversibly inhibiting gamma-glutamylcysteine synthetase. Inhibition of this enzyme is a critical step in glutathione biosynthesis. It has been shown to inhibit the proliferative response in human T-lymphocytes and inhibit macrophage activation. (J Biol Chem 1995;270(33):1945-7). 2-amino-4-(S-butylsulfonimidoyl)butanoic acid : A non-proteinogenic alpha-amino acid that is homocysteine in which the thiol group carries an oxo, imino and butyl groups.. S-butyl-DL-homocysteine (S,R)-sulfoximine : A sulfoximide that is the sulfoximine derivative of an analogue of DL-methionine in which the S-methyl group is replaced by S-butyl.		2.7330diastereoisomeric mixture;
homocysteines;
non-proteinogenic alpha-amino acid;
sulfoximide		EC 6.3.2.2 (glutamate--cysteine ligase) inhibitor;
ferroptosis inducer
metocurine
metocurine: from Chinese herb Cyclea hainanensis Mrr		2.4720isoquinolines
floxacillin
Floxacillin: Antibiotic analog of CLOXACILLIN.. flucloxacillin : A penicillin compound having a 6beta-[3-(2-chloro-6-fluorophenyl)-5-methyl-1,2-oxazole-4-carboxamido] side-chain.		3.360penicillin allergen;
penicillin		antibacterial drug
clomacran
clomacran: RN given refers to parent cpd; structure		3.8730acridines
mexiletine hydrochloride
mexiletine hydrochloride : A hydrochloride composed of equimolar amounts of mexiletine and hydrogen chloride.		2.9640hydrochlorideanti-arrhythmia drug
pentaquine
pentaquine: RN given refers to parent cpd		2.0410
raspberry ketone
rheosmin: an NSAID that blocks NF-kappaB activation; isolated from Pinus densiflora; structure in first source. raspberry ketone : A ketone that is 4-phenylbutan-2-one in which the phenyl ring is substituted at position 4 by a hydroxy group. It is found in a variety of fruits including raspberries, blackberries and cranberries, and is used in perfumery and cosmetics.		2.0510methyl ketone;
phenols		androgen antagonist;
cosmetic;
flavouring agent;
fragrance;
hepatoprotective agent;
metabolite
beclomethasone dipropionate
beclomethasone dipropionate : A steroid ester comprising beclomethasone having propionyl groups at the 17- and 21-positions.		2.462011beta-hydroxy steroid;
20-oxo steroid;
3-oxo-Delta(1),Delta(4)-steroid;
chlorinated steroid;
corticosteroid;
enone;
glucocorticoid;
propanoate ester;
steroid ester		anti-arrhythmia drug;
anti-asthmatic drug;
anti-inflammatory drug;
prodrug
vidarabine
adenine arabinoside : A purine nucleoside in which adenine is attached to arabinofuranose via a beta-N(9)-glycosidic bond.		2.7530beta-D-arabinoside;
purine nucleoside		antineoplastic agent;
bacterial metabolite;
nucleoside antibiotic
iprindole
Iprindole: A tricyclic antidepressant that has actions and uses similar to those of AMITRIPTYLINE, but has only weak antimuscarinic and sedative effects. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p257)		2.0510indoles
betamethasone-17,21-dipropionate
[no description available]		2.021011beta-hydroxy steroid;
20-oxo steroid;
3-oxo-Delta(1),Delta(4)-steroid;
fluorinated steroid;
propanoate ester;
steroid ester		antipsoriatic
methenamine hippurate
methenamine hippurate: both parts of molecule contribute to its antibacterial action		3.2310N-acylglycine
olsalazine
olsalazine: cpd with 2 salicylate molecules linked together by an azo bond. olsalazine : An azobenzene that consists of two molecules of 4-aminosalicylic acid joined by an azo linkage. A prodrug for mesalazine, an anti-inflammatory drug, it is used (as the disodium salt) in the treatment of inflammatory bowel disease.		3.5620azobenzenes;
dicarboxylic acid		non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug;
prodrug
cyclophosphamide
cyclophosphamide hydrate : The monohydrate of cyclophosphamide.		2.0310hydratealkylating agent;
antineoplastic agent;
carcinogenic agent;
immunosuppressive agent
suxamethonium chloride
succinylcholine chloride (anhydrous) : A chloride salt in which the negative charge of the chloride ions is balanced by succinylcholine dications.		2.0310chloride saltmuscle relaxant
cyclobenzaprine hydrochloride
cyclobenzaprine hydrochloride : The hydrochloride salt of cyclobenzaprine. A centrally acting skeletal muscle relaxant, it is used in the symptomatic treatment of painful muscle spasm.		2.4420hydrochlorideantidepressant;
muscle relaxant
n-methylaspartate
N-Methylaspartate: An amino acid that, as the D-isomer, is the defining agonist for the NMDA receptor subtype of glutamate receptors (RECEPTORS, NMDA).. N-methyl-D-aspartic acid : An aspartic acid derivative having an N-methyl substituent and D-configuration.		2.4420amino dicarboxylic acid;
D-alpha-amino acid;
D-aspartic acid derivative;
secondary amino compound		neurotransmitter agent
3-deazaadenosine
3-deazaadenosine: RN given refers to parent cpd.		2.4420
tiadenol
tiadenol: structure		2.0510aliphatic sulfide
metoclopramide hydrochloride
metoclopramide hydrochloride : A hydrate that is the monohydrate form of metoclopramide monohydrochloride.		2.9640
isoetharine mesylate
[no description available]		2.4420
etidronate disodium
etidronate disodium : An organic sodium salt resulting from the replacement of two protons from etidronic acid (one from from each of the phosphonic acid groups) by sodium ions.		2.0810organic sodium saltantineoplastic agent;
bone density conservation agent;
chelator
lanthanum
[no description available]		7.2510f-block element atom;
lanthanoid atom;
scandium group element atom
manganese
Manganese: A trace element with atomic symbol Mn, atomic number 25, and atomic weight 54.94. It is concentrated in cell mitochondria, mostly in the pituitary gland, liver, pancreas, kidney, and bone, influences the synthesis of mucopolysaccharides, stimulates hepatic synthesis of cholesterol and fatty acids, and is a cofactor in many enzymes, including arginase and alkaline phosphatase in the liver. (From AMA Drug Evaluations Annual 1992, p2035). manganese(4+) : A manganese cation that is monoatomic and has a formal charge of +4.		3.1210elemental manganese;
manganese group element atom		Escherichia coli metabolite;
micronutrient
palladium
Palladium: A chemical element having an atomic weight of 106.4, atomic number of 46, and the symbol Pd. It is a white, ductile metal resembling platinum, and following it in abundance and importance of applications. It is used in dentistry in the form of gold, silver, and copper alloys.. palladium : Chemical element (nickel group element atom) with atomic number 46.		7.0752metal allergen;
nickel group element atom;
platinum group metal atom
rhenium
Rhenium: A metal, atomic number 75, atomic weight 186.207, symbol Re.		2.0510manganese group element atom
silver
Silver: An element with the atomic symbol Ag, atomic number 47, and atomic weight 107.87. It is a soft metal that is used medically in surgical instruments, dental prostheses, and alloys. Long-continued use of silver salts can lead to a form of poisoning known as ARGYRIA.		7.0810copper group element atom;
elemental silver		Escherichia coli metabolite
technetium
Technetium: The first artificially produced element and a radioactive fission product of URANIUM. Technetium has the atomic symbol Tc, and atomic number 43. All technetium isotopes are radioactive. Technetium 99m (m=metastable) which is the decay product of Molybdenum 99, has a half-life of about 6 hours and is used diagnostically as a radioactive imaging agent. Technetium 99 which is a decay product of technetium 99m, has a half-life of 210,000 years.		2.5420manganese group element atom
cadmium
Cadmium: An element with atomic symbol Cd, atomic number 48, and atomic weight 112.41. It is a metal and ingestion will lead to CADMIUM POISONING.. elemental cadmium : An element in the zinc group of the periodic table with atomic number 48, atomic mass 112, M.P. 321degreeC, and B.P. 765degreeC). An odourless, tasteless, and highly poisonous soft, ductile, lustrous metal with electropositive properties. It has eight stable isotopes: (106)Cd, (108)Cd,(110)Cd, (111)Cd, (112)Cd, (113)Cd, (114)Cd and (116)Cd, with (112)Cd and (114)Cd being the most common.		2.0310cadmium molecular entity;
zinc group element atom
gold
Gold: A yellow metallic element with the atomic symbol Au, atomic number 79, and atomic weight 197. It is used in jewelry, goldplating of other metals, as currency, and in dental restoration. Many of its clinical applications, such as ANTIRHEUMATIC AGENTS, are in the form of its salts.		3.1340copper group element atom;
elemental gold
zalcitabine
Zalcitabine: A dideoxynucleoside compound in which the 3'-hydroxy group on the sugar moiety has been replaced by a hydrogen. This modification prevents the formation of phosphodiester linkages which are needed for the completion of nucleic acid chains. The compound is a potent inhibitor of HIV replication at low concentrations, acting as a chain-terminator of viral DNA by binding to reverse transcriptase. Its principal toxic side effect is axonal degeneration resulting in peripheral neuropathy.. zalcitabine : A pyrimidine 2',3'-dideoxyribonucleoside compound having cytosine as the nucleobase.		3.6690pyrimidine 2',3'-dideoxyribonucleosideantimetabolite;
antiviral drug;
HIV-1 reverse transcriptase inhibitor
phosphoric acid, trisodium salt
[no description available]		210sodium phosphate
propionylpromazine hydrochloride
[no description available]		2.4420
camptothecin
NSC 100880: carboxylate (opened lactone) form of camptothecin; RN refers to (S)-isomer; structure given in first source		3.1550delta-lactone;
pyranoindolizinoquinoline;
quinoline alkaloid;
tertiary alcohol		antineoplastic agent;
EC 5.99.1.2 (DNA topoisomerase) inhibitor;
genotoxin;
plant metabolite
isopentenyladenosine
Isopentenyladenosine: N(6)-[delta(3)-isopentenyl]adenosine. Isopentenyl derivative of adenosine which is a member of the cytokinin family of plant growth regulators.. N(6)-(Delta(2)-isopentenyl)adenosine : A nucleoside analogue in which adenosine has been modified by substitution at the 6-amino nitrogen by a Delta(2)-isopentenyl group.		2.0410N-ribosyl-N(6)-isopentenyladenine;
nucleoside analogue		antineoplastic agent;
plant growth regulator;
plant metabolite
sodium thiosulfate
sodium thiosulfate: do not confuse synonym sodium hyposulfite with sodium hyposulfite, synonym for di-Na salt of dithionous acid. sodium thiosulfate : An inorganic sodium salt composed of sodium and thiosulfate ions in a 2:1 ratio.		3.2310inorganic sodium saltantidote to cyanide poisoning;
antifungal drug;
nephroprotective agent
ethinyl estradiol-norgestrel combination
Ethinyl Estradiol-Norgestrel Combination: ETHINYL ESTRADIOL and NORGESTREL given in fixed proportions.		3.3711
vasotocin
Vasotocin: A nonapeptide that contains the ring of OXYTOCIN and the side chain of ARG-VASOPRESSIN with the latter determining the specific recognition of hormone receptors. Vasotocin is the non-mammalian vasopressin-like hormone or antidiuretic hormone regulating water and salt metabolism.. vasotocin : A heterodetic cyclic peptide that is homologous to oxytocin and vasopressin. It is a pituitary hormone that acts as an endocrine regulator for water balance, osmotic homoeostasis and is involved in social and sexual behavior in non-mammalian vertebrates.		2.4120
ozone
Ozone: The unstable triatomic form of oxygen, O3. It is a powerful oxidant that is produced for various chemical and industrial uses. Its production is also catalyzed in the ATMOSPHERE by ULTRAVIOLET RAY irradiation of oxygen or other ozone precursors such as VOLATILE ORGANIC COMPOUNDS and NITROGEN OXIDES. About 90% of the ozone in the atmosphere exists in the stratosphere (STRATOSPHERIC OZONE).. ozone : An elemental molecule with formula O3. An explosive, pale blue gas (b.p. -112degreeC) that has a characteristic, pungent odour, it is continuously produced in the upper atmosphere by the action of solar ultraviolet radiation on atmospheric oxygen. It is an antimicrobial agent used in the production of bottled water, as well as in the treatment of meat, poultry and other foodstuffs.		2.5720elemental molecule;
gas molecular entity;
reactive oxygen species;
triatomic oxygen		antiseptic drug;
disinfectant;
electrophilic reagent;
greenhouse gas;
mutagen;
oxidising agent;
tracer
nsc-145,668
[no description available]		2.0310hydrochlorideantimetabolite;
antineoplastic agent
ancitabine
Ancitabine: Congener of CYTARABINE that is metabolized to cytarabine and thereby maintains a more constant antineoplastic action.. ancitabine : An organic heterotricyclic compound resulting from the formal condensation of the oxo group of cytidine to the 2' position with loss of water to give the corresponding cyclic ether. A prodrug, it is metabolised to the antineoplastic agent cytarabine, so is used to maintain a more constant antineoplastic action.		2.0410diol;
organic heterotricyclic compound		antimetabolite;
antineoplastic agent;
prodrug
amopyroquine
amopyroquine: RN given refers to parent cpd; structure		2.0510
barium chloride
barium chloride: RN given refers to parent cpd. barium chloride : The inorganic dichloride salt of barium.		2.0610barium salt;
inorganic chloride		potassium channel blocker
stanozolol
Stanozolol: A synthetic steroid that has anabolic and androgenic properties. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p1194). stanozolol : An organic heteropentacyclic compound resulting from the formal condensation of the 3-keto-aldehyde moiety of oxymetholone with hydrazine. Like oxymetholone, it is a synthetic anabolic steroid. It has both anabolic and androgenic properties, and has been used to treat hereditary angioedema and various vascular disorders. It has also been widely abused by professional athletes.		2.713017beta-hydroxy steroid;
anabolic androgenic steroid;
organic heteropentacyclic compound;
tertiary alcohol		anabolic agent;
androgen
phenacid
phenacid: RN given refers to parent cpd; structure		2.0410
clodronic acid
Clodronic Acid: A diphosphonate which affects calcium metabolism. It inhibits bone resorption and soft tissue calcification.. clodronic acid : An organochlorine compound that is methylene chloride in which both hydrogens are replaced by phosphonic acid groups. It inhibits bone resorption and soft tissue calcification, and is used (often as the disodium salt tetrahydrate) as an adjunct in the treatment of severe hypercalcaemia associated with malignancy, and in the management of osteolytic lesions and bone pain associated with skeletal metastases.		2.73301,1-bis(phosphonic acid);
one-carbon compound;
organochlorine compound		antineoplastic agent;
bone density conservation agent
carbendazim
carbendazim: carcinogen when combined with sodium nitrite; principle metabolite of thiophanate methyl & benomyl; structure. carbendazim : A member of the class of benzimidazoles that is 2-aminobenzimidazole in which the primary amino group is substituted by a methoxycarbonyl group. A fungicide, carbendazim controls Ascomycetes, Fungi Imperfecti, and Basidiomycetes on a wide variety of crops, including bananas, cereals, cotton, fruits, grapes, mushrooms, ornamentals, peanuts, sugarbeet, soybeans, tobacco, and vegetables.		2.9540benzimidazole fungicide;
benzimidazoles;
benzimidazolylcarbamate fungicide;
carbamate ester		antifungal agrochemical;
antinematodal drug;
metabolite;
microtubule-destabilising agent
mafenide acetate
[no description available]		2.0810carboxylic acid
ethionine
L-ethionine : An S-ethylhomocysteine that has S-configuration at the chiral centre.		2.7530S-ethylhomocysteineantimetabolite;
carcinogenic agent
(1S,2R)-tranylcypromine
(1S,2R)-tranylcypromine : A 2-phenylcyclopropan-1-amine that is the (1S,2R)-enantiomer of tranylcypromine.		2.07102-phenylcyclopropan-1-amine
diacerein
diacerein: chelates with bivalent metals; a quinone which possesses redox properties; metabolized to active rhein; proposed mechanisms include inhibiting IL1 and metalloproteinases; called a slow acting symptomatic drug in osteoarthritis; no effect of cyclooxygenase;		2.0810anthraquinone
parbendazole
parbendazole: anthelmintic used against a variety of gastrointestinal parasites; minor descriptor (75-86); on-line & INDEX MEDICUS search BENZIMIDAZOLES; RN given refers to parent cpd		2.0710benzimidazoles;
carbamate ester
cloforex
cloforex: carbamic ethyl ester of chlorphentermine; structure in Negwer, 5th ed, #2275		2.0510amphetamines
xipamide
Xipamide: A sulfamoylbenzamide analog of CLOPAMIDE. It is diuretic and saluretic with antihypertensive activity. It is bound to PLASMA PROTEINS, thus has a delayed onset and prolonged action.		2.7430benzamides
selegiline
Selegiline: A selective, irreversible inhibitor of Type B monoamine oxidase that is used for the treatment of newly diagnosed patients with PARKINSON DISEASE, and for the treatment of depressive disorders. The compound without isomeric designation is Deprenyl.		4.2550selegiline;
terminal acetylenic compound		geroprotector
selegiline hydrochloride, (r)-isomer
[no description available]		2.4720hydrochloride;
terminal acetylenic compound		antiparkinson drug;
dopaminergic agent;
EC 1.4.3.4 (monoamine oxidase) inhibitor
levamisole
Levamisole: An antihelminthic drug that has been tried experimentally in rheumatic disorders where it apparently restores the immune response by increasing macrophage chemotaxis and T-lymphocyte function. Paradoxically, this immune enhancement appears to be beneficial in rheumatoid arthritis where dermatitis, leukopenia, and thrombocytopenia, and nausea and vomiting have been reported as side effects. (From Smith and Reynard, Textbook of Pharmacology, 1991, p435-6). levamisole : A 6-phenyl-2,3,5,6-tetrahydroimidazo[2,1-b][1,3]thiazole that has S configuration. It is used (generally as the monohydrochloride salt) to treat parasitic worm infections in pigs, sheep and cattle and was formerly used in humans as an adjuvant to chemotherapy for the treatment of various cancers. It is also widely used as an adulterant to coccaine.		2.96406-phenyl-2,3,5,6-tetrahydroimidazo[2,1-b][1,3]thiazoleantinematodal drug;
antirheumatic drug;
EC 3.1.3.1 (alkaline phosphatase) inhibitor;
immunological adjuvant;
immunomodulator
benserazide hydrochloride
benserazide hydrochloride : A hydrochloride that is the monohydrochloride salt of benserazide. An aromatic-L-amino-acid decarboxylase inhibitor (DOPA decarboxylase inhibitor) that does not enter the central nervous system, it is used as an adjunct to levodopa in the treatment of parkinsonism. By preventing the conversion of levodopa to dopamine in the periphery, it causes an increase in the amount of levodopa reaching the central nervous system and so reduces the required dose. Benserazide hydrochloride has no antiparkinson actions when given alone.		2.4420hydrochlorideantiparkinson drug;
dopaminergic agent;
EC 4.1.1.28 (aromatic-L-amino-acid decarboxylase) inhibitor
clemastine
Clemastine: A histamine H1 antagonist used as the hydrogen fumarate in hay fever, rhinitis, allergic skin conditions, and pruritus. It causes drowsiness.. clemastine : 2-[(2R)-1-Methylpyrrolidin-2-yl]ethanol in which the hydrogen of the hydroxy group is substituted by a 1-(4-chlorophenyl)-1-phenylethyl group (R configuration). An antihistamine with antimuscarinic and moderate sedative properties, it is used as its fumarate salt for the symptomatic relief of allergic conditions such as rhinitis, urticaria, conjunctivitis and in pruritic (severe itching) skin conditions.		4.2850monochlorobenzenes;
N-alkylpyrrolidine		anti-allergic agent;
antipruritic drug;
H1-receptor antagonist;
muscarinic antagonist
thiamphenicol
[no description available]		2.4720monocarboxylic acid amide;
sulfone		antimicrobial agent;
immunosuppressive agent
pancuronium bromide
pancuronium bromide : A bromide salt consisting of two bromide ions and one pancuronium dication.		2.7430bromide saltcholinergic antagonist;
muscle relaxant;
nicotinic antagonist
pizotyline
Pizotyline: Serotonin antagonist used against MIGRAINE DISORDERS and vascular headaches.. pizotifen : A benzocycloheptathiophene that is 9,10-dihydro-4H-benzo[4,5]cyclohepta[1,2-b]thiophene 4-ylidene)-1-methylpiperidine which is joined from the 4 position to the 4 position of an N-methylpiperidine moiety by a double bond. It is a sedating antihistamine, with strong serotonin antagonist and weak antimuscarinic activity. It is generally used as the malate salt for the treatment of migraine and the prevention of headache attacks during cluster periods.		2.0510benzocycloheptathiophenehistamine antagonist;
muscarinic antagonist;
serotonergic antagonist
cephalexin
Cephalexin: A semisynthetic cephalosporin antibiotic with antimicrobial activity similar to that of CEPHALORIDINE or CEPHALOTHIN, but somewhat less potent. It is effective against both gram-positive and gram-negative organisms.. cephalexin : A semisynthetic first-generation cephalosporin antibiotic having methyl and beta-(2R)-2-amino-2-phenylacetamido groups at the 3- and 7- of the cephem skeleton, respectively. It is effective against both Gram-negative and Gram-positive organisms, and is used for treatment of infections of the skin, respiratory tract and urinary tract.		4.0640beta-lactam antibiotic allergen;
cephalosporin;
semisynthetic derivative		antibacterial drug
cromolyn sodium
Cromolyn Sodium: A chromone complex that acts by inhibiting the release of chemical mediators from sensitized MAST CELLS. It is used in the prophylactic treatment of both allergic and exercise-induced asthma, but does not affect an established asthmatic attack.. disodium cromoglycate : An organic sodium salt that is the disodium salt of cromoglycic acid.		2.0610organic sodium saltanti-asthmatic drug;
drug allergen
isosorbide-5-mononitrate
isosorbide-5-mononitrate: for prevention of angina pectoris; structure given in first source; a Russian drug		2.7330glucitol derivative;
nitrate ester		nitric oxide donor;
vasodilator agent
pentamethylmelamine
pentamethylmelamine: RN given refers to parent cpd		2.0410
gestrinone
Gestrinone: A non-estrogenic contraceptive which is a weak progestin with strong anti-progesterone properties. It is effective if used once a week orally or can also be used in intravaginal devices.		1.9710oxo steroid
tetradecanoylphorbol acetate
Tetradecanoylphorbol Acetate: A phorbol ester found in CROTON OIL with very effective tumor promoting activity. It stimulates the synthesis of both DNA and RNA.. phorbol ester : Esters of phorbol, originally found in croton oil (from Croton tiglium, of the family Euphorbiaceae). A number of phorbol esters possess activity as tumour promoters and activate the mechanisms associated with cell growth. Some of these are used in experiments as activators of protein kinase C.. phorbol 13-acetate 12-myristate : A phorbol ester that is phorbol in which the hydroxy groups at the cyclopropane ring juction (position 13) and the adjacent carbon (position 12) have been converted into the corresponding acetate and myristate esters. It is a major active constituent of the seed oil of Croton tiglium. It has been used as a tumour promoting agent for skin carcinogenesis in rodents and is associated with increased cell proliferation of malignant cells. However its function is controversial since a decrease in cell proliferation has also been observed in several cancer cell types.		2.9340acetate ester;
diester;
phorbol ester;
tertiary alpha-hydroxy ketone;
tetradecanoate ester		antineoplastic agent;
apoptosis inducer;
carcinogenic agent;
mitogen;
plant metabolite;
protein kinase C agonist;
reactive oxygen species generator
ornidazole
Ornidazole: A nitroimidazole antiprotozoal agent used in ameba and trichomonas infections. It is partially plasma-bound and also has radiation-sensitizing action.. ornidazole : A C-nitro compound that is 5-nitroimidazole in which the hydrogens at positions 1 and 2 are replaced by 3-chloro-2-hydroxypropyl and methyl groups, respectively. It is used in the treatment of susceptible protozoal infections and for the treatment of anaerobic bacterial infections.		2.0810C-nitro compound;
imidazoles;
organochlorine compound;
secondary alcohol		antiamoebic agent;
antibacterial drug;
antiinfective agent;
antiprotozoal drug;
antitrichomonal drug;
epitope
calusterone
calusterone: was MH 1975-92 (see under METHYLTESTOSTERONE 1975-90); use METHYLTESTOSTERONE to search CALUSTERONE 1975-92		2.04103-hydroxy steroidandrogen
danazol
Danazol: A synthetic steroid with antigonadotropic and anti-estrogenic activities that acts as an anterior pituitary suppressant by inhibiting the pituitary output of gonadotropins. It possesses some androgenic properties. Danazol has been used in the treatment of endometriosis and some benign breast disorders.		5.3718017beta-hydroxy steroid;
terminal acetylenic compound		anti-estrogen;
estrogen antagonist;
geroprotector
metergoline
Metergoline: A dopamine agonist and serotonin antagonist. It has been used similarly to BROMOCRIPTINE as a dopamine agonist and also for MIGRAINE DISORDERS therapy.. metergoline : An ergoline alkaloid that is the N-benzyloxycarbonyl derivative of lysergamine. A 5-HT2 antagonist. Also 5-HT1 antagonist and 5-HT1D ligand. Has moderate affinity for 5-HT6 and high affinity for 5-HT7.		2.7430carbamate ester;
ergoline alkaloid		dopamine agonist;
geroprotector;
serotonergic antagonist
benomyl
[no description available]		2.4220aromatic amide;
benzimidazole fungicide;
benzimidazoles;
benzimidazolylcarbamate fungicide;
carbamate ester		acaricide;
anthelminthic drug;
antifungal agrochemical;
microtubule-destabilising agent;
tubulin modulator
fenclozic acid
fenclozic acid: an analgesic & antipyretic with anti-inflammatory properties; minor descriptor (75-86); on-line & INDEX MEDICUS search THIAZOLES (75-86); RN given refers to parent cpd		4.140
lisuride
Lisuride: An ergot derivative that acts as an agonist at dopamine D2 receptors (DOPAMINE AGONISTS). It may also act as an antagonist at dopamine D1 receptors, and as an agonist at some serotonin receptors (SEROTONIN RECEPTOR AGONISTS).		2.4420monocarboxylic acid amideantidyskinesia agent;
antiparkinson drug;
dopamine agonist;
serotonergic agonist
etoprine
etoprine: do not confuse with 3,5-dicarbethoxy-2,6-dimethyl-4-ethyl-1,4-dihydropyridine, also called DDEP		2.0410
laxagetten 4,4'-diacetoxydiphenylpyridylemethane
[no description available]		3.5920
daunorubicin
Daunorubicin: A very toxic anthracycline aminoglycoside antineoplastic isolated from Streptomyces peucetius and others, used in treatment of LEUKEMIA and other NEOPLASMS.. anthracycline : Anthracyclines are polyketides that have a tetrahydronaphthacenedione ring structure attached by a glycosidic linkage to the amino sugar daunosamine.. daunorubicin : A natural product found in Actinomadura roseola.		4.2450aminoglycoside antibiotic;
anthracycline;
p-quinones;
tetracenequinones		antineoplastic agent;
bacterial metabolite
razoxane
Razoxane: An antimitotic agent with immunosuppressive properties.		2.0410N-alkylpiperazine
capobenic acid
[no description available]		2.0710benzamides
cephapirin
Cephapirin: Cephalosporin antibiotic, partly plasma-bound, that is effective against gram-negative and gram-positive organisms.. cephapirin : A cephalosporin with acetoxymethyl and 2(pyridin-4-ylsulfanyl)acetamido substituents at positions 3 and 7, respectively, of the cephem skeleton. It is used (as its sodium salt) as an antibiotic, being effective against gram-negative and gram-positive organisms.		2.4320cephalosporinantibacterial drug
diftalone
[no description available]		2.0710
fludarabine phosphate
fludarabine phosphate: structure given in first source. fludarabine phosphate : A purine arabinonucleoside monophosphate having 2-fluoroadenine as the nucleobase. A prodrug, it is rapidly dephosphorylated to 2-fluoro-ara-A and then phosphorylated intracellularly by deoxycytidine kinase to the active triphosphate, 2-fluoro-ara-ATP. Once incorporated into DNA, 2-fluoro-ara-ATP functions as a DNA chain terminator. It is used for the treatment of adult patients with B-cell chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) who have not responded to, or whose disease has progressed during, treatment with at least one standard alkylating-agent containing regimenas.		3.8730nucleoside analogue;
organofluorine compound;
purine arabinonucleoside monophosphate		antimetabolite;
antineoplastic agent;
antiviral agent;
DNA synthesis inhibitor;
immunosuppressive agent;
prodrug
disopyramide phosphate
[no description available]		2.9640organoammonium phosphate
alclofenac
alclofenac: was heading 1975-94 (was see under PHENYLACETATES 1975-90); use PHENYLACETATES to search ALCLOFENAC 1975-94; an anti-inflammatory agent used in the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis; acts also as an analgesic and an antipyretic. alclofenac : An aromatic ether in which the ether oxygen links an allyl group to the 4-position of (3-chlorophenyl)acetic acid.A non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug, it was withdrawn from the UK market in 1979 due to concerns with its association with vasculitis and rash.		3.5920aromatic ether;
monocarboxylic acid;
monochlorobenzenes		drug allergen;
non-narcotic analgesic;
non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug
carbimazole
Carbimazole: An imidazole antithyroid agent. Carbimazole is metabolized to METHIMAZOLE, which is responsible for the antithyroid activity.. carbimazole : A member of the class of imidazoles that is methimazole in which the nitrogen bearing a hydrogen is converted into its ethoxycarbonyl derivative. A prodrug for methimazol, carbimazole is used for the treatment of hyperthyroidism.		2.76301,3-dihydroimidazole-2-thiones;
carbamate ester		antithyroid drug;
prodrug
2-bromoergocryptine mesylate
[no description available]		2.0510methanesulfonate saltantiparkinson drug
bromocriptine
Bromocriptine: A semisynthetic ergotamine alkaloid that is a dopamine D2 agonist. It suppresses prolactin secretion.		5.41110indole alkaloidantidyskinesia agent;
antiparkinson drug;
dopamine agonist;
hormone antagonist
ergocristine
ergocristine: an ergot alkaloid; one of the three components of ergotoxine; has alpha blocking action, stimulates smooth muscles & antagonizes serotonin; used as oxytocic & in peripheral disorders; minor descriptor (77-86); on-line & INDEX MEDICUS search EROLINES (77-86); RN given refers to ((5'alpha)-isomer). ergocristine : Ergotaman bearing benzyl, hydroxy, and isopropyl groups at the 5', 12' and 2' positions, respectively, and oxo groups at positions 3', 6', and 18. It is a natural ergot alkaloid.		2.4420ergot alkaloid
fenitrothion
Fenitrothion: An organothiophosphate cholinesterase inhibitor that is used as an insecticide.. fenitrothion : An organic thiophosphate that is O,O-dimethyl O-phenyl phosphorothioate substituted by a methyl group at position 3 and a nitro group at position 4.		2.4820C-nitro compound;
organic thiophosphate		acaricide;
agrochemical;
EC 3.1.1.7 (acetylcholinesterase) inhibitor;
EC 3.1.1.8 (cholinesterase) inhibitor;
insecticide
zingerone
zingerone: pungent principle of ginger; structure. zingerone : A methyl ketone that is 4-phenylbutan-2-one in which the phenyl ring is substituted at positions 3 and 4 by methoxy and hydroxy groups respectively. The major pungent component in ginger.		2.0510methyl ketone;
monomethoxybenzene;
phenols		anti-inflammatory agent;
antiemetic;
antioxidant;
flavouring agent;
fragrance;
plant metabolite;
radiation protective agent
phenyl acetate
phenyl acetate: The ester formed between phenol and acetic acid. Don't confuse with phenylacetic acid derivatives listed under PHENYLACETATES.. phenyl acetate : An acetate ester obtained by the formal condensation of phenol with acetic acid.		2.6630benzenes;
phenyl acetates
cetylpyridinium chloride anhydrous
tserigel: according to first source contains polyvinylbutyral & cetylpyridinium chloride; UD only lists cetylpyridinium chloride as constituent. cetylpyridinium chloride : A pyridinium salt that has N-hexadecylpyridinium as the cation and chloride as the anion. It has antiseptic properties and is used in solutions or lozenges for the treatment of minor infections of the mouth and throat.		3.4511chloride salt;
organic chloride salt		antiseptic drug;
surfactant
triamcinolone
Triamcinolone: A glucocorticoid given, as the free alcohol or in esterified form, orally, intramuscularly, by local injection, by inhalation, or applied topically in the management of various disorders in which corticosteroids are indicated. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p739). triamcinolone : A C21-steroid hormone that is 1,4-pregnadiene-3,20-dione carrying four hydroxy substituents at positions 11beta, 16alpha, 17alpha and 21 as well as a fluoro substituent at position 9. Used in the form of its 16,17-acetonide to treat various skin infections.		3.155011beta-hydroxy steroid;
16alpha-hydroxy steroid;
17alpha-hydroxy steroid;
20-oxo steroid;
21-hydroxy steroid;
3-oxo-Delta(4) steroid;
C21-steroid hormone;
fluorinated steroid;
glucocorticoid;
primary alpha-hydroxy ketone;
tertiary alpha-hydroxy ketone		anti-allergic agent;
anti-inflammatory drug
oxyphenisatin
[no description available]		3.8730indoles
azetepa
[no description available]		2.0410phosphoramide
tetrachloroethylene
Tetrachloroethylene: A chlorinated hydrocarbon used as an industrial solvent and cooling liquid in electrical transformers. It is a potential carcinogen.		2.0510chlorocarbon;
chloroethenes		nephrotoxic agent
fludrocortisone
Fludrocortisone: A synthetic mineralocorticoid with anti-inflammatory activity.		3.823011beta-hydroxy steroid;
17alpha-hydroxy steroid;
20-oxo steroid;
21-hydroxy steroid;
3-oxo-Delta(4) steroid;
C21-steroid;
fluorinated steroid;
mineralocorticoid		adrenergic agent;
anti-inflammatory drug
ursodeoxycholic acid
Ursodeoxycholic Acid: An epimer of chenodeoxycholic acid. It is a mammalian bile acid found first in the bear and is apparently either a precursor or a product of chenodeoxycholate. Its administration changes the composition of bile and may dissolve gallstones. It is used as a cholagogue and choleretic.. ursodeoxycholic acid : A bile acid found in the bile of bears (Ursidae) as a conjugate with taurine. Used therapeutically, it prevents the synthesis and absorption of cholesterol and can lead to the dissolution of gallstones.. ursodeoxycholate : A bile acid anion that is the conjugate base of ursodeoxycholic acid, obtained by deprotonation of the carboxy group; major species at pH 7.3.		5.35100bile acid;
C24-steroid;
dihydroxy-5beta-cholanic acid		human metabolite;
mouse metabolite
butylated hydroxytoluene
2,6-di-tert-butyl-4-methylphenol : A member of the class of phenols that is 4-methylphenol substituted by tert-butyl groups at positions 2 and 6.		2.7530phenolsantioxidant;
ferroptosis inhibitor;
food additive;
geroprotector
metipranolol
Metipranolol: A beta-adrenergic antagonist effective for both beta-1 and beta-2 receptors. It is used as an antiarrhythmic, antihypertensive, and antiglaucoma agent.. metipranolol : 3-(Propan-2-ylamino)propane-1,2-diol in which the hydrogen of the primary hydroxy group is substituted by a 4-acetoxy-2,3,5-trimethylphenoxy group. A non-cardioselective beta-blocker, it is used to lower intra-ocular pressure in the management of open-angle glaucoma.		2.0210acetate ester;
aromatic ether;
propanolamine;
secondary amino compound		anti-arrhythmia drug;
antiglaucoma drug;
antihypertensive agent;
beta-adrenergic antagonist
benzonidazole
benzonidazole: used in treatment of Chagas' disease. benznidazole : A monocarboxylic acid amide obtained by formal condensation of the carboxy group of (2-nitroimidazol-1-yl)acetic acid with the aromatic amino group of benzylamine. Used for treatment of Chagas disease.		2.4720C-nitro compound;
imidazoles;
monocarboxylic acid amide		antiprotozoal drug
halazepam
halazepam: structure		2.4420organic molecular entity
butachlor
butachlor : An aromatic amide that is 2-choro-N-(2,6-diethylphenyl)acetamide in which the amide nitrogen has been replaced by a butoxymethyl group.		2.0510aromatic amide;
organochlorine compound;
tertiary carboxamide		environmental contaminant;
herbicide;
xenobiotic
du-21220
Ritodrine: An adrenergic beta-2 agonist used to control PREMATURE LABOR.. 4-[2-[[1-hydroxy-1-(4-hydroxyphenyl)propan-2-yl]amino]ethyl]phenol : A secondary amino compound that is 4-(2-amino-1-hydroxypropyl)phenol in which one of the hydrogens attached to the nitrogen is replaced by a 2-(4-hydroxyphenyl)ethyl group.		2.4320benzyl alcohols;
polyphenol;
secondary alcohol;
secondary amino compound
8-bromo cyclic adenosine monophosphate
8-Bromo Cyclic Adenosine Monophosphate: A long-acting derivative of cyclic AMP. It is an activator of cyclic AMP-dependent protein kinase, but resistant to degradation by cyclic AMP phosphodiesterase.. 8-Br-cAMP : A 3',5'-cyclic purine nucleotide that is 3',5'-cyclic AMP bearing an additional bromo substituent at position 8 on the adenine ring. An activator of cyclic AMP-dependent protein kinase, but resistant to degradation by cyclic AMP phosphodiesterase.		2.71303',5'-cyclic purine nucleotide;
adenyl ribonucleotide;
organobromine compound		antidepressant;
protein kinase agonist
transferrin
Transferrin: An iron-binding beta1-globulin that is synthesized in the LIVER and secreted into the blood. It plays a central role in the transport of IRON throughout the circulation. A variety of transferrin isoforms exist in humans, including some that are considered markers for specific disease states.		2.0310
rose bengal b disodium salt
[no description available]		2.4720
clobetasol propionate
Clobetasol Propionate: This is the form in trademark preparations.. clobetasol propionate : The 17-O-propionate ester of clobetasol. A potent corticosteroid, it is used to treat various skin disorders, including exzema and psoriasis.		2.492011beta-hydroxy steroid;
20-oxo steroid;
3-oxo-Delta(1),Delta(4)-steroid;
chlorinated steroid;
fluorinated steroid;
glucocorticoid		anti-inflammatory drug
androstane-3,17-diol
Androstane-3,17-diol: The unspecified form of the steroid, normally a major metabolite of TESTOSTERONE with androgenic activity. It has been implicated as a regulator of gonadotropin secretion.		7.714317-hydroxy steroid;
3-hydroxy steroid;
androstanoid
glutamic acid
Glutamic Acid: A non-essential amino acid naturally occurring in the L-form. Glutamic acid is the most common excitatory neurotransmitter in the CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM.. glutamic acid : An alpha-amino acid that is glutaric acid bearing a single amino substituent at position 2.		2.730glutamic acid;
glutamine family amino acid;
L-alpha-amino acid;
proteinogenic amino acid		Escherichia coli metabolite;
ferroptosis inducer;
micronutrient;
mouse metabolite;
neurotransmitter;
nutraceutical
dexchlorpheniramine
dexchlorpheniramine: RN given refers to parent cpd(S)-isomer		3.5920chlorphenamine
clometacin
clometacin: structure		3.5920N-acylindole
azoxymethane
Azoxymethane: A potent carcinogen and neurotoxic compound. It is particularly effective in inducing colon carcinomas.		210
cefazolin
Cefazolin: A semisynthetic cephalosporin analog with broad-spectrum antibiotic action due to inhibition of bacterial cell wall synthesis. It attains high serum levels and is excreted quickly via the urine.. cefazolin : A first-generation cephalosporin compound having [(5-methyl-1,3,4-thiadiazol-2-yl)sulfanyl]methyl and (1H-tetrazol-1-ylacetyl)amino side-groups at positions 3 and 7 respectively.		4.0640beta-lactam antibiotic allergen;
cephalosporin;
tetrazoles;
thiadiazoles		antibacterial drug
ripazepam
[no description available]		2.0410benzenes
amoxicillin
Amoxicillin: A broad-spectrum semisynthetic antibiotic similar to AMPICILLIN except that its resistance to gastric acid permits higher serum levels with oral administration.. amoxicillin : A penicillin in which the substituent at position 6 of the penam ring is a 2-amino-2-(4-hydroxyphenyl)acetamido group.		5.03120penicillin allergen;
penicillin		antibacterial drug
timolol
(S)-timolol (anhydrous) : The (S)-(-) (more active) enantiomer of timolol. A beta-adrenergic antagonist, both the hemihydrate and the maleate salt are used in the mangement of glaucoma, hypertension, angina pectoris and myocardial infarction, and for the prevention of migraine.		4.85100timololanti-arrhythmia drug;
antiglaucoma drug;
antihypertensive agent;
beta-adrenergic antagonist
indoramin
Indoramin: An alpha-1 adrenergic antagonist that is commonly used as an antihypertensive agent.		2.9840tryptamines
nicergoline
Nicergoline: An ergot derivative that has been used as a cerebral vasodilator and in peripheral vascular disease. It may ameliorate cognitive deficits in CEREBROVASCULAR DISORDERS.		2.0510organic heterotetracyclic compound;
organonitrogen heterocyclic compound
oxcarbazepine
Oxcarbazepine: A carbamazepine derivative that acts as a voltage-gated sodium channel blocker. It is used for the treatment of PARTIAL SEIZURES with or without secondary generalization. It is also an inducer of CYTOCHROME P-450 CYP3A4.. oxcarbazepine : A dibenzoazepine derivative, having a carbamoyl group at the ring nitrogen, substituted with an oxo group at C-4 of the azepeine ring which is also hydrogenated at C-4 and C-5. It is a anticholinergic anticonvulsant and mood stabilizing drug, used primarily in the treatment of epilepsy.		3.8730cyclic ketone;
dibenzoazepine		anticonvulsant;
drug allergen
carbidopa
carbidopa (anhydrous) : 3-(3,4-Dihydroxyphenyl)propanoic acid in which the hydrogens alpha- to the carboxyl group are substituted by hydrazinyl and methyl groups (S-configuration). Carbidopa is a dopa decarboxylase inhibitor, so prevents conversion of levodopa to dopamine. It has no antiparkinson activity by itself, but is used (commonly as its hydrate) in the management of Parkinson's disease to reduce peripheral adverse effects of levodopa.		4.1140catechols;
hydrazines;
monocarboxylic acid		antiparkinson drug;
dopaminergic agent;
EC 4.1.1.28 (aromatic-L-amino-acid decarboxylase) inhibitor
prednimustine
Prednimustine: Ester of CHLORAMBUCIL and PREDNISOLONE used as a combination alkylating agent and synthetic steroid to treat various leukemias and other neoplasms. It causes gastrointestinal and bone marrow toxicity.		2.0410corticosteroid hormone
moricizine hydrochloride
moricizine hydrochloride : A hydrochloride salt obtained from equimola amounts of moricizine and hydrogen chloride.		2.4620hydrochlorideanti-arrhythmia drug
moricizine
Moricizine: An antiarrhythmia agent used primarily for ventricular rhythm disturbances.. moricizine : A phenothiazine substituted on the nitrogen by a 3-(morpholin-4-yl)propanoyl group, and at position 2 by an (ethoxycarbonyl)amino group.		3.5620carbamate ester;
morpholines;
phenothiazines		anti-arrhythmia drug
amygdalin
[no description available]		2.0410cyanogenic glycoside;
disaccharide derivative;
gentiobioside		plant metabolite
amineptin
amineptin: used in treatment of neuroses with psychoasthenic, anxio-phobic & depressive manifestations; synonym S 1694 refers to HCl; structure. amineptine : A carbocyclic fatty acid that is 5-aminoheptanoic acid in which one of the hydrogens attached to the nitrogen is replaced by a 10,11-dihydro-5H-dibenzo[a,d][7]annulen-5-yl group. A tricyclic antidepressant, it was never approved in the US and was withdrawn from the French market in 1999 due to concerns over abuse, dependence and severe acne.		4.5570amino acid;
carbocyclic fatty acid;
carbotricyclic compound;
secondary amino compound		antidepressant;
dopamine uptake inhibitor
bitolterol
bitolterol: RN given refers to parent cpd; structure. bitolterol : The di-4-toluate ester of (+-)-N-tert-butylnoradrenaline (colterol). A pro-drug for colterol, a beta2-adrenergic receptor agonist, bitolterol is used as its methanesulfonate salt for relief of bronchospasm in conditions such as asthma, chronic bronchitis and emphysema.		2.0210carboxylic ester;
diester;
ethanolamines;
secondary alcohol;
secondary amino compound		anti-asthmatic drug;
beta-adrenergic agonist;
bronchodilator agent;
prodrug
zidovudine
Zidovudine: A dideoxynucleoside compound in which the 3'-hydroxy group on the sugar moiety has been replaced by an azido group. This modification prevents the formation of phosphodiester linkages which are needed for the completion of nucleic acid chains. The compound is a potent inhibitor of HIV replication, acting as a chain-terminator of viral DNA during reverse transcription. It improves immunologic function, partially reverses the HIV-induced neurological dysfunction, and improves certain other clinical abnormalities associated with AIDS. Its principal toxic effect is dose-dependent suppression of bone marrow, resulting in anemia and leukopenia.. zidovudine : A pyrimidine 2',3'-dideoxyribonucleoside compound having a 3'-azido substituent and thymine as the nucleobase.		5.3160azide;
pyrimidine 2',3'-dideoxyribonucleoside		antimetabolite;
antiviral drug;
HIV-1 reverse transcriptase inhibitor
feprazone
Feprazone: A pyrazole that has analgesic, anti-inflammatory, and antipyretic properties. It has been used in mild to moderate pain, fever, and inflammation associated with musculoskeletal and joint disorders. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p15)		2.0810organic molecular entity
5,7-dihydroxytryptamine
5,7-Dihydroxytryptamine: Tryptamine substituted with two hydroxyl groups in positions 5 and 7. It is a neurotoxic serotonin analog that destroys serotonergic neurons preferentially and is used in neuropharmacology as a tool.		210
pirprofen
pirprofen: anti-inflammatory agent used in therapy of rheumatoid arthritis; prostaglandin synthetase inhibitor; more potent than indomethacin; structure		4.4260pyrroline
serentil
mesoridazine besylate : The benzenesulfonate salt of mesoridazine prepared using equimolar amounts of mesoridazine and benzenesulfonic acid.		2.4620organosulfonate saltdopaminergic antagonist;
first generation antipsychotic
procymidone
procymidone : An azabicycloalkane that is 1,5-dimethyl-3-azabicyclo[3.1.0]hexane-2,4-dione in which the amino hydrogen is replaced by a 3,5-dichlorophenyl group. A fungicide widely used in horticulture as a seed dressing, pre-harvest spray or post-harvest dip for the control of various diseases.		3.4270
tobramycin
Tobramycin: An aminoglycoside, broad-spectrum antibiotic produced by Streptomyces tenebrarius. It is effective against gram-negative bacteria, especially the PSEUDOMONAS species. It is a 10% component of the antibiotic complex, NEBRAMYCIN, produced by the same species.. tobramycin : A amino cyclitol glycoside that is kanamycin B lacking the 3-hydroxy substituent from the 2,6-diaminoglucose ring.		3.4370amino cyclitol glycosideantibacterial agent;
antimicrobial agent;
toxin
paclitaxel
Taxus: Genus of coniferous yew trees or shrubs, several species of which have medicinal uses. Notable is the Pacific yew, Taxus brevifolia, which is used to make the anti-neoplastic drug taxol (PACLITAXEL).		5.24150taxane diterpenoid;
tetracyclic diterpenoid		antineoplastic agent;
human metabolite;
metabolite;
microtubule-stabilising agent
buspirone hydrochloride
buspirone hydrochloride : A hydrochloride salt resulting from the reaction of equimolar amounts of buspirone and hydrogen chloride.		2.4420hydrochlorideanxiolytic drug;
EC 3.4.21.26 (prolyl oligopeptidase) inhibitor;
sedative;
serotonergic agonist
etoposide
[no description available]		11.15230beta-D-glucoside;
furonaphthodioxole;
organic heterotetracyclic compound		antineoplastic agent;
DNA synthesis inhibitor
substance p
[no description available]		1.9710peptideneurokinin-1 receptor agonist;
neurotransmitter;
vasodilator agent
propafenone hydrochloride
propafenone hydrochloride : A hydrochloride that is the monohydrochloride salt of propafenone. It is a class 1C antiarrhythmic drug with local anesthetic effects, and is used in the management of supraventricular and ventricular arrhythmias.		2.9640hydrochlorideanti-arrhythmia drug
promegestone
Promegestone: A synthetic progestin which is useful for the study of progestin distribution and progestin tissue receptors, as it is not bound by transcortin and binds to progesterone receptors with a higher association constant than progesterone.. promegestone : A progestin consisting of 17beta-propionylestra-4,9-dien-3-one substituted at position 17 by a methyl group.		3.075020-oxo steroid;
3-oxo-Delta(4) steroid		antineoplastic agent;
progesterone receptor agonist;
progestin
dobutamine
Dobutamine: A catecholamine derivative with specificity for BETA-1 ADRENERGIC RECEPTORS. It is commonly used as a cardiotonic agent after CARDIAC SURGERY and during DOBUTAMINE STRESS ECHOCARDIOGRAPHY.. dobutamine : A catecholamine that is 4-(3-aminobutyl)phenol in which one of the hydrogens attached to the nitrogen is substituted by a 2-(3,4-dihydroxyphenyl)ethyl group. A beta1-adrenergic receptor agonist that has cardiac stimulant action without evoking vasoconstriction or tachycardia, it is used as the hydrochloride to increase the contractility of the heart in the management of acute heart failure.		4.6780catecholamine;
secondary amine		beta-adrenergic agonist;
cardiotonic drug;
sympathomimetic agent
ticarcillin
Ticarcillin: An antibiotic derived from penicillin similar to CARBENICILLIN in action.. ticarcillin : A penicillin compound having a 6beta-[(2R)-2-carboxy-2-thiophen-3-ylacetyl]amino side-group.		2.0410penicillin allergen;
penicillin		antibacterial drug
etazolate hydrochloride
[no description available]		2.4420
halofantrine
halofantrine: used in treatment of mild to moderate acute malaria		2.0510phenanthrenes
butaclamol
[no description available]		2.0310amino alcohol;
organic heteropentacyclic compound;
tertiary alcohol;
tertiary amino compound		dopaminergic antagonist
penbutolol
Penbutolol: A nonselective beta-blocker used as an antihypertensive and an antianginal agent.		4.0840ethanolamines
etidocaine
Etidocaine: A local anesthetic with rapid onset and long action, similar to BUPIVACAINE.. etidocaine : An amino acid amide in which 2-[ethyl(propyl)amino]butanoic acid and 2,6-dimethylaniline have combined to form the amide bond. Used as a local anaesthetic (amide caine), it has rapid onset and long action properties, similar to bupivacaine, and is given by injection during surgical procedures and during labour and delivery.		2.0410amino acid amidelocal anaesthetic
iprodione
iprodione : An imidazolidine-2,4-dione in which the nitrogen at position 1 is substituted by an N-(isopropyl)carboxamide group while that at position 3 is substituted by a 3,5-dichlorophenyl group. A contact fungicide, it blocks the growth of the fungal mycelium and inhibits the germination of fungal spores. It is used on fruit and vegetable crops affected by various fungal diseases. It is also used as a nematicide.		2.0210benzenes;
dichlorophenyl dicarboximide fungicide;
imidazole fungicide;
imidazolidine-2,4-dione;
ureas		antifungal agrochemical;
nematicide
ribavirin
Rebetron: Rebetron is tradename		4.861001-ribosyltriazole;
aromatic amide;
monocarboxylic acid amide;
primary carboxamide		anticoronaviral agent;
antiinfective agent;
antimetabolite;
antiviral agent;
EC 2.7.7.49 (RNA-directed DNA polymerase) inhibitor
amikacin
Amikacin: A broad-spectrum antibiotic derived from KANAMYCIN. It is reno- and oto-toxic like the other aminoglycoside antibiotics.. amikacin : An amino cyclitol glycoside that is kanamycin A acylated at the N-1 position by a 4-amino-2-hydroxybutyryl group.		4.2750alpha-D-glucoside;
amino cyclitol glycoside;
aminoglycoside;
carboxamide		antibacterial drug;
antimicrobial agent;
nephrotoxin
carbidopa
[no description available]		3.1550catechols;
hydrate;
hydrazines;
monocarboxylic acid		antidyskinesia agent;
antiparkinson drug;
dopaminergic agent;
EC 4.1.1.28 (aromatic-L-amino-acid decarboxylase) inhibitor
cephradine
Cephradine: A semi-synthetic cephalosporin antibiotic.. cephradine : A first-generation cephalosporin antibiotic with a methyl substituent at position 3, and a (2R)-2-amino-2-cyclohexa-1,4-dien-1-ylacetamido substituent at position 7, of the cephem skeleton.		4.2550beta-lactam antibiotic allergen;
cephalosporin		antibacterial drug
hydroxymaprotilin
hydroxymaprotilin: RN given refers to cpd without isomeric designation		2.0510
ticrynafen
Ticrynafen: A novel diuretic with uricosuric action. It has been proposed as an antihypertensive agent.. tienilic acid : An aromatic ketone that is 2,3-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid in which the hydrogen at position 4 on the benzene ring is replaced by a thiophenecarbonyl group. A loop diuretic used to treat hypertension, it was withdrawn from the market in 1982 due to links with hepatitis.		4.7890aromatic ether;
aromatic ketone;
dichlorobenzene;
monocarboxylic acid;
thiophenes		antihypertensive agent;
hepatotoxic agent;
loop diuretic
guanadrel
guanadrel: RN given refers to parent cpd; structure. guanadrel : A spiroketal resulting from the formal condensation of the keto group of cyclohexanone with the hydroxy groups of 1-(2,3-dihydroxypropyl)guanidine. A postganglionic adrenergic blocking agent formerly used (generally as the sulfate salt) for the management of hypertension, it has been largely superseded by other drugs less likely to cause orthostatic hypotension (dizzy spells on standing up or stretching).		2.0210guanidines;
spiroketal		adrenergic antagonist;
antihypertensive agent
methyldopa
Methyldopa: An alpha-2 adrenergic agonist that has both central and peripheral nervous system effects. Its primary clinical use is as an antihypertensive agent.. alpha-methyl-L-dopa : A derivative of L-tyrosine having a methyl group at the alpha-position and an additional hydroxy group at the 3-position on the phenyl ring.		5.17140L-tyrosine derivative;
non-proteinogenic L-alpha-amino acid		alpha-adrenergic agonist;
antihypertensive agent;
hapten;
peripheral nervous system drug;
sympatholytic agent
tocainide
Tocainide: An antiarrhythmic agent which exerts a potential- and frequency-dependent block of SODIUM CHANNELS.. tocainide : A monocarboxylic acid amide in which 2,6-dimethylphenylaniline and isobutyric acid have combined to form the amide bond; used as a local anaesthetic.		2.7330monocarboxylic acid amideanti-arrhythmia drug;
local anaesthetic;
sodium channel blocker
bezafibrate
[no description available]		3.1650aromatic ether;
monocarboxylic acid amide;
monocarboxylic acid;
monochlorobenzenes		antilipemic drug;
environmental contaminant;
geroprotector;
xenobiotic
sq-11725
Nadolol: A non-selective beta-adrenergic antagonist with a long half-life, used in cardiovascular disease to treat arrhythmias, angina pectoris, and hypertension. Nadolol is also used for MIGRAINE DISORDERS and for tremor.. nadolol : Nadolol is a diastereoisomeric mixture consisting of equimolar amounts of the four possible 2,3-cis-isomers of 5-[3-(tert-butylamino)-2-hydroxypropoxy]-1,2,3,4-tetrahydronaphthalene-2,3-diol.		3.4370
diltiazem
Diltiazem: A benzothiazepine derivative with vasodilating action due to its antagonism of the actions of CALCIUM ion on membrane functions.. diltiazem : A 5-[2-(dimethylamino)ethyl]-2-(4-methoxyphenyl)-4-oxo-2,3,4,5-tetrahydro-1,5-benzothiazepin-3-yl acetate in which both stereocentres have S configuration. A calcium-channel blocker and vasodilator, it is used as the hydrochloride in the management of angina pectoris and hypertension.		4.951105-[2-(dimethylamino)ethyl]-2-(4-methoxyphenyl)-4-oxo-2,3,4,5-tetrahydro-1,5-benzothiazepin-3-yl acetateantihypertensive agent;
calcium channel blocker;
vasodilator agent
nimustine
Nimustine: Antineoplastic agent especially effective against malignant brain tumors. The resistance which brain tumor cells acquire to the initial effectiveness of this drug can be partially overcome by the simultaneous use of membrane-modifying agents such as reserpine, calcium antagonists such as nicardipine or verapamil, or the calmodulin inhibitor, trifluoperazine. The drug has also been used in combination with other antineoplastic agents or with radiotherapy for the treatment of various neoplasms.. nimustine : An organochlorine compound that is urea in which the two hydrogens on one of the amino groups are replaced by nitroso and 2-chloroethyl groups and one hydrogen from the other amino group is replaced by a 4-amino-2-methylpyrimidin-5-ylmethyl] group. An antineoplastic agent especially effective against malignant brain tumors.		2.0410aminopyrimidine;
N-nitrosoureas;
organochlorine compound		alkylating agent;
antineoplastic agent
levobunolol
Levobunolol: The L-Isomer of bunolol.. levobunolol : A cyclic ketone that is 3,4-dihydronaphthalen-1-one substituted at position 5 by a 3-(tert-butylamino)-2-hydroxypropoxy group (the S-enantiomer). A non-selective beta-adrenergic antagonist used (as its hydrochloride salt) for treatment of glaucoma.		2.0210aromatic ether;
cyclic ketone;
propanolamine		antiglaucoma drug;
beta-adrenergic antagonist
1-methyl-4-phenylpyridinium
1-Methyl-4-phenylpyridinium: An active neurotoxic metabolite of 1-METHYL-4-PHENYL-1,2,3,6-TETRAHYDROPYRIDINE. The compound reduces dopamine levels, inhibits the biosynthesis of catecholamines, depletes cardiac norepinephrine and inactivates tyrosine hydroxylase. These and other toxic effects lead to cessation of oxidative phosphorylation, ATP depletion, and cell death. The compound, which is related to PARAQUAT, has also been used as an herbicide.. N-methyl-4-phenylpyridinium : A pyridinium ion that is N-methylpyridinium having a phenyl substituent at the 4-position.		2.4620pyridinium ionapoptosis inducer;
herbicide;
human xenobiotic metabolite;
neurotoxin
nonachlazine
Nonachlazine: Coronary vasodilator with a novel mechanism of action; proposed as antianginal agent.		2.4620
lonidamine
lonidamine: structure. lonidamine : A member of the class of indazoles that is 1H-indazole that is substituted at positions 1 and 3 by 2,4-dichlorobenzyl and carboxy groups, respectively.		2.0310dichlorobenzene;
indazoles;
monocarboxylic acid		antineoplastic agent;
antispermatogenic agent;
EC 2.7.1.1 (hexokinase) inhibitor;
geroprotector
vinclozolin
vinclozolin : A racemate comprising equimolar amounts of (R)- and (S)-vinclozolin. A fungicide used mainly on oilseed rape, vines, fruit and vegetables to control Botrytis, Sclerotinia and Monilia spp.. 3-(3,5-dichlorophenyl)-5-ethenyl-5-methyl-2,4-oxazolidinedione : A member of the class of oxazolidinones that is 5-ethenyl-5-methyl-2,4-oxazolidinedione in which the imide hydrogen is replaced by a 3,5-dichlorophenyl group.		4.71280dicarboximide;
dichlorobenzene;
olefinic compound;
oxazolidinone
vecuronium bromide
Vecuronium Bromide: Monoquaternary homolog of PANCURONIUM. A non-depolarizing neuromuscular blocking agent with shorter duration of action than pancuronium. Its lack of significant cardiovascular effects and lack of dependence on good kidney function for elimination as well as its short duration of action and easy reversibility provide advantages over, or alternatives to, other established neuromuscular blocking agents.. vecuronium bromide : The organic bromide salt of a 5alpha-androstane compound having 3alpha-acetoxy-, 17beta-acetoxy-, 2beta-piperidinino- and 16beta-N-methylpiperidinium substituents.		2.4520organic bromide salt;
quaternary ammonium salt		muscle relaxant;
neuromuscular agent;
nicotinic antagonist
vecuronium
vecuronium : A 5alpha-androstane compound having 3alpha-acetoxy-, 17beta-acetoxy-, 2beta-piperidino- and 16beta-N-methylpiperidinium substituents.		3.2310acetate ester;
androstane;
quaternary ammonium ion		drug allergen;
muscle relaxant;
neuromuscular agent;
nicotinic antagonist
ng-nitroarginine methyl ester
NG-Nitroarginine Methyl Ester: A non-selective inhibitor of nitric oxide synthase. It has been used experimentally to induce hypertension.		2.4220alpha-amino acid ester;
L-arginine derivative;
methyl ester;
N-nitro compound		EC 1.14.13.39 (nitric oxide synthase) inhibitor
dexibuprofen
dexibuprofen: structure in first source		2.0310ibuprofennon-narcotic analgesic;
non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug
benoxaprofen
benoxaprofen: RN given refers to parent cpd; structure. benoxaprofen : A monocarboxylic acid that is propionic acid substituted at position 2 by a 2-(4-chlorophenyl)-1,3-benzoxazol-5-yl group. It was used as a non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug until 1982 when it was withdrawn from the market due to adverse side-effects including liver necrosis, photosensitivity, and carcinogenicity in animals.		4.68801,3-benzoxazoles;
monocarboxylic acid;
monochlorobenzenes		antipsoriatic;
antipyretic;
EC 1.13.11.34 (arachidonate 5-lipoxygenase) inhibitor;
hepatotoxic agent;
nephrotoxin;
non-narcotic analgesic;
non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug;
protein kinase C agonist
permethrin
hemoglobin Atlanta-Coventry: Leu replaced by Pro at beta75 and Leu deleted at beta141		3.2960cyclopropanecarboxylate ester;
cyclopropanes		agrochemical;
ectoparasiticide;
pyrethroid ester acaricide;
pyrethroid ester insecticide;
scabicide
pinazepam
pinazepam: structure		2.0510benzodiazepine
exifone
[no description available]		3.5920benzophenones
chlorodiphenyl (54% chlorine)
Chlorodiphenyl (54% Chlorine): A mixture of polychlorinated biphenyls that induces hepatic microsomal UDP-glucuronyl transferase activity towards thyroxine.. Aroclor 1254 : A mixture of polychlorobiphenyls of unspecified composition, containing 54% chlorine (X = Cl or H).		2.0210
quisqualic acid
Quisqualic Acid: An agonist at two subsets of excitatory amino acid receptors, ionotropic receptors that directly control membrane channels and metabotropic receptors that indirectly mediate calcium mobilization from intracellular stores. The compound is obtained from the seeds and fruit of Quisqualis chinensis.		2.0310non-proteinogenic alpha-amino acid
pirfenidone
pirfenidone : A pyridone that is 2-pyridone substituted at positions 1 and 5 by phenyl and methyl groups respectively. An anti-inflammatory drug used for the treatment of idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis.		2.4520pyridoneantipyretic;
non-narcotic analgesic;
non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug
mefloquine
(-)-(11S,2'R)-erythro-mefloquine : An optically active form of [2,8-bis(trifluoromethyl)quinolin-4-yl]-(2-piperidyl)methanol having (-)-(11S,2'R)-erythro-configuration. An antimalarial agent, used in racemic form, which acts as a blood schizonticide; its mechanism of action is unknown.		3.6120[2,8-bis(trifluoromethyl)quinolin-4-yl]-(2-piperidyl)methanolantimalarial
vindesine
Vindesine: Vinblastine derivative with antineoplastic activity against CANCER. Major side effects are myelosuppression and neurotoxicity. Vindesine is used extensively in chemotherapy protocols (ANTINEOPLASTIC COMBINED CHEMOTHERAPY PROTOCOLS).		3.3811methyl ester;
organic heteropentacyclic compound;
organic heterotetracyclic compound;
primary carboxamide;
tertiary alcohol;
tertiary amino compound;
vinca alkaloid		antineoplastic agent
desogestrel
Desogestrel: A synthetic progestational hormone used often as the progestogenic component of combined oral contraceptive agents (ORAL CONTRACEPTIVES, COMBINED).		12.726217beta-hydroxy steroid;
terminal acetylenic compound		contraceptive drug;
progestin;
synthetic oral contraceptive
flecainide acetate
flecainide acetate : An acetate salt obtained by combining flecainide with one molar equivalent of acetic acid. An antiarrhythmic agent used to prevent and treat tachyarrhythmia (abnormal fast rhythm of the heart).		2.9640acetate saltanti-arrhythmia drug
nicardipine hydrochloride
[no description available]		2.9640dihydropyridinegeroprotector
muzolimine
Muzolimine: A pyrazole diuretic with long duration and high capacity of action. It was proposed for kidney failure and hypertension but was withdrawn worldwide because of severe neurological effects.		2.0510dichlorobenzene
butibufen
butibufen: RN given refers to parent cpd		2.4520monoterpenoid
nitazoxanide
nitazoxanide: a 5-nitrothiazolyl derivative used for a broad range of intestinal parasitic infections including CRYPTOSPORIDIUM and GIARDIA; it is a redox-active nitrothiazolyl-salicylamide prodrug		3.6120benzamides;
carboxylic ester
sufentanil
Sufentanil: An opioid analgesic that is used as an adjunct in anesthesia, in balanced anesthesia, and as a primary anesthetic agent.. sufentanil : An anilide resulting from the formal condensation of the aryl amino group of 4-(methoxymethyl)-N-phenyl-1-[2-(2-thienyl)ethyl]piperidin-4-amine with propanoic acid.		3.5620anilide;
ether;
piperidines;
thiophenes		anaesthesia adjuvant;
intravenous anaesthetic;
mu-opioid receptor agonist;
opioid analgesic
acarbose
[no description available]		3.6120tetrasaccharide derivativeEC 3.2.1.1 (alpha-amylase) inhibitor;
EC 3.2.1.20 (alpha-glucosidase) inhibitor;
geroprotector;
hypoglycemic agent
torsemide
Torsemide: A pyridine and sulfonamide derivative that acts as a sodium-potassium chloride symporter inhibitor (loop diuretic). It is used for the treatment of EDEMA associated with CONGESTIVE HEART FAILURE; CHRONIC RENAL INSUFFICIENCY; and LIVER DISEASES. It is also used for the management of HYPERTENSION.. torasemide : An N-sulfonylurea obtained by formal condensation of [(3-methylphenyl)amino]pyridine-3-sulfonic acid with the free amino group of N-isopropylurea. It is a potent loop diuretic used for the treatment of hypertension and edema in patients with congestive heart failure.		4.2550aminopyridine;
N-sulfonylurea;
secondary amino compound		antihypertensive agent;
loop diuretic
epirubicin
Epirubicin: An anthracycline which is the 4'-epi-isomer of doxorubicin. The compound exerts its antitumor effects by interference with the synthesis and function of DNA.		12.38104aminoglycoside;
anthracycline antibiotic;
anthracycline;
deoxy hexoside;
monosaccharide derivative;
p-quinones;
primary alpha-hydroxy ketone;
tertiary alpha-hydroxy ketone		antimicrobial agent;
antineoplastic agent;
EC 5.99.1.3 [DNA topoisomerase (ATP-hydrolysing)] inhibitor
spiromustine
[no description available]		2.0410
cefmetazole
Cefmetazole: A semisynthetic cephamycin antibiotic with a broad spectrum of activity against both gram-positive and gram-negative microorganisms. It has a high rate of efficacy in many types of infection and to date no severe side effects have been noted.. cefmetazole : A second-generation cephalosporin antibiotic having N(1)-methyltetrazol-5-ylthiomethyl, {[(cyanomethyl)sulfanyl]acetyl}amino and methoxy side-groups at positions 3, 7beta and 7alpha respectively of the parent cephem bicyclic structure.		2.0210cephalosporinantibacterial drug
desflurane
Desflurane: A fluorinated ether that is used as a volatile anesthetic for maintenance of general anesthesia.		2.4420organofluorine compoundinhalation anaesthetic
indacrinone
indacrinone: polyvalent saluretic; RN given refers to parent cpd without isomeric designation; structure		2.4620
diaziquone
diaziquone: RN given refers to parent cpd. diaziquone : A 1,4-benzoquinone that is substituted at positions 2 and 5 have been replaced by aziridin-1-yl groups and at positions 3 and 6 by (ethoxycarbonyl)amino groups.		2.04101,4-benzoquinones;
aziridines;
carbamate ester;
enamine		alkylating agent;
antineoplastic agent
lorcainide
[no description available]		2.4720acetamides
idarubicin
Idarubicin: An orally administered anthracycline antineoplastic. The compound has shown activity against BREAST NEOPLASMS; LYMPHOMA; and LEUKEMIA.		4.2450anthracycline antibiotic;
deoxy hexoside;
monosaccharide derivative
propiconazole
Orbit: Bony cavity that holds the eyeball and its associated tissues and appendages.		2.0510conazole fungicide;
cyclic ketal;
dichlorobenzene;
triazole fungicide;
triazoles		antifungal agrochemical;
EC 1.14.13.70 (sterol 14alpha-demethylase) inhibitor;
environmental contaminant;
xenobiotic
cefonicid
Cefonicid: A second-generation cephalosporin administered intravenously or intramuscularly. Its bactericidal action results from inhibition of cell wall synthesis. It is used for urinary tract infections, lower respiratory tract infections, and soft tissue and bone infections.. cefonicid : A cephalosporin bearing {[1-(sulfomethyl)-1H-tetrazol-5-yl]sulfanyl}methyl and (R)-2-hydroxy-2-phenylacetamido groups at positions 3 and 7, respectively, of the cephem skeleton.		2.4320cephalosporinantibacterial drug
piperacillin
Piperacillin: Semisynthetic, broad-spectrum, AMPICILLIN derived ureidopenicillin antibiotic proposed for PSEUDOMONAS infections. It is also used in combination with other antibiotics.. piperacillin : A penicillin in which the substituent at position 6 of the penam ring is a 2-[(4-ethyl-2,3-dioxopiperazin-1-yl)carboxamido]-2-phenylacetamido group.		4.2550penicillin allergen;
penicillin		antibacterial drug
paroxetine
Paroxetine: A serotonin uptake inhibitor that is effective in the treatment of depression.. paroxetine : A benzodioxole that consists of piperidine bearing 1,3-benzodioxol-5-yloxy)methyl and 4-fluorophenyl substituents at positions 3 and 4 respectively; the (3S,4R)-diastereomer. Highly potent and selective 5-HT uptake inhibitor that binds with high affinity to the serotonin transporter (Ki = 0.05 nM). Ki values are 1.1, 350 and 1100 nM for inhibition of [3H]-5-HT, [3H]-l-NA and [3H]-DA uptake respectively. Displays minimal affinity for alpha1-, alpha2- or beta-adrenoceptors, 5-HT2A, 5-HT1A, D2 or H1 receptors at concentrations below 1000 nM, however displays weak affinity for muscarinic ACh receptors (Ki = 42 nM). Antidepressant and anxiolytic in vivo.		4.96110aromatic ether;
benzodioxoles;
organofluorine compound;
piperidines		antidepressant;
anxiolytic drug;
hepatotoxic agent;
P450 inhibitor;
serotonin uptake inhibitor
triciribine phosphate
[no description available]		2.0410
captopril
Captopril: A potent and specific inhibitor of PEPTIDYL-DIPEPTIDASE A. It blocks the conversion of ANGIOTENSIN I to ANGIOTENSIN II, a vasoconstrictor and important regulator of arterial blood pressure. Captopril acts to suppress the RENIN-ANGIOTENSIN SYSTEM and inhibits pressure responses to exogenous angiotensin.. captopril : A L-proline derivative in which L-proline is substituted on nitrogen with a (2S)-2-methyl-3-sulfanylpropanoyl group. It is used as an anti-hypertensive ACE inhibitor drug.		5.3160alkanethiol;
L-proline derivative;
N-acylpyrrolidine;
pyrrolidinemonocarboxylic acid		antihypertensive agent;
EC 3.4.15.1 (peptidyl-dipeptidase A) inhibitor
cefoperazone
Cefoperazone: Semisynthetic broad-spectrum cephalosporin with a tetrazolyl moiety that is resistant to beta-lactamase. It may be used to treat Pseudomonas infections.. cefoperazone : A semi-synthetic parenteral cephalosporin with a tetrazolyl moiety that confers beta-lactamase resistance.		4.0740cephalosporinantibacterial drug
staurosporine
[no description available]		2.7630indolocarbazole alkaloid;
organic heterooctacyclic compound		apoptosis inducer;
bacterial metabolite;
EC 2.7.11.13 (protein kinase C) inhibitor;
geroprotector
terazosin hydrochloride anhydrous
[no description available]		2.4420
foscarnet sodium
trisodium phosphonoformate : The trisodium salt of phosphonoformic acid. It is used as an antiviral agent in the treatment of cytomegalovirus retinitis (CMV retinitis, an inflamation of the retina that can lead to blindness) and as an alternative to ganciclovir for AIDS patients who require concurrent antiretroviral therapy but are unable to tolerate ganciclovir due to haematological toxicity.		2.4720one-carbon compound;
organic sodium salt		antiviral drug
lodoxamide
[no description available]		2.0210organonitrogen compound;
organooxygen compound
indalpine
indalpine: selective 5-hydroxytryptamine uptake inhibitor; RN given refers to parent cpd		2.0710indoles
atracurium
Atracurium: A non-depolarizing neuromuscular blocking agent with short duration of action. Its lack of significant cardiovascular effects and its lack of dependence on good kidney function for elimination provide clinical advantage over alternate non-depolarizing neuromuscular blocking agents.. atracurium : A diester compound consisting of pentane-1,5-diol with both hydroxyls bearing 3-[1-(3,4-dimethoxybenzyl)-6,7-dimethoxy-2-methyl-3,4-dihydroisoquinolinium-2(1H)-yl]propanoyl groups.		3.8530diester;
quaternary ammonium ion		muscle relaxant;
nicotinic antagonist
atracurium besylate
atracurium besylate : The bisbenzenesulfonate salt of atracurium.		2.0810organosulfonate salt;
quaternary ammonium salt		muscle relaxant;
nicotinic antagonist
butoconazole nitrate
butoconazole nitrate : An organic nitrate salt obtained by reaction of equimolar amounts of butaconazole and nitric acid. An antifungal agent, it is used in gynaecology for treatment of vulvovaginal infections caused by Candida species, particularly Candida albicans.		2.4620aryl sulfide;
conazole antifungal drug;
imidazole antifungal drug;
imidazoles;
organic nitrate salt
butoconazole
butoconazole: RN given refers to parent cpd; structure. butoconazole : A member of the class of imidazoles that is 1H-imidazole in which the hydrogen attached to the nitrogen is substituted by a 4-(4-chlorophenyl)-2-[(2,6-dichlorophenyl)sulfanyl]butyl group. An antifungal agent, it is used as its nitrate salt in gynaecology for treatment of vulvovaginal infections caused by Candida species, particularly Candida albicans.		2.0210aryl sulfide;
conazole antifungal drug;
dichlorobenzene;
imidazole antifungal drug;
imidazoles;
monochlorobenzenes
moxalactam
Moxalactam: Broad- spectrum beta-lactam antibiotic similar in structure to the CEPHALOSPORINS except for the substitution of an oxaazabicyclo moiety for the thiaazabicyclo moiety of certain CEPHALOSPORINS. It has been proposed especially for the meningitides because it passes the blood-brain barrier and for anaerobic infections.. moxalactam : A broad-spectrum oxacephem antibiotic in which the oxazine ring is substituted with a tetrazolylthiomethyl group and the azetidinone ring carries methoxy and 2-carboxy-2-(4-hydroxyphenyl)acetamido substituents.		2.0510cephalosporin;
oxacephem		antibacterial drug
lidamidine
lidamidine: synonym WHR-1142A refers to HCl; structure		2.0710ureas
nicorandil
Nicorandil: A derivative of the NIACINAMIDE that is structurally combined with an organic nitrate. It is a potassium-channel opener that causes vasodilatation of arterioles and large coronary arteries. Its nitrate-like properties produce venous vasodilation through stimulation of guanylate cyclase.. nicorandil : A pyrimidinecarboxamide that is nicotinamide in which one of the hydrogens attached to the carboxamide nitrogen is replaced by a 2-(nitrooxy)ethyl group. It has both nitrate-like and ATP-sensitive potassium channel activator properties, and is used for the prevention and treatment of angina pectoris.		2.4720nitrate ester;
pyridinecarboxamide		potassium channel opener;
vasodilator agent
naftifine
naftifine: allylamine der; RN given refers to unlabeled parent cpd. naftifine : A tertiary amine in which the nitrogen is substituted by methyl, alpha-naphthylmethyl, and (1E)-cinnamyl groups. It is used (usually as its hydrochloride salt) for the treatment of fungal skin infections.		2.0210allylamine antifungal drug;
naphthalenes;
tertiary amine		EC 1.14.13.132 (squalene monooxygenase) inhibitor;
sterol biosynthesis inhibitor
bw-755c
4,5-Dihydro-1-(3-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl)-1H-pyrazol-3-amine: A dual inhibitor of both cyclooxygenase and lipoxygenase pathways. It exerts an anti-inflammatory effect by inhibiting the formation of prostaglandins and leukotrienes. The drug also enhances pulmonary hypoxic vasoconstriction and has a protective effect after myocardial ischemia.		2.0410
pergolide
Pergolide: A long-acting dopamine agonist which has been used to treat PARKINSON DISEASE and HYPERPROLACTINEMIA but withdrawn from some markets due to potential for HEART VALVE DISEASES.. pergolide : A diamine that is ergoline in which the beta-hydrogen at position 8 is replaced by a (methylthio)methyl group and the hydrogen attached to the piperidine nitrogen (position 6) is replaced by a propyl group. A dopamine D2 receptor agonist which also has D1 and D2 agonist properties, it is used as the mesylate salt in the management of Parkinson's disease, although it was withdrawn from the U.S. and Canadian markets in 2007 due to an increased risk of cardiac valve dysfunction.		3.5620diamine;
methyl sulfide;
organic heterotetracyclic compound		antiparkinson drug;
dopamine agonist
pergolide mesylate
pergolide mesylate : A methanesulfonate salt obtained from pergolide by mixing eqimolar amount of pergolide and methanesulfonic acid. A dopamine D2 receptor agonist which also has D1 and D2 agonist properties, it is used in the management of Parkinson's disease, although it was withdrawn from the U.S. and Canadian markets in 2007 due to an increased risk of cardiac valve dysfunction.		2.7430methanesulfonate saltantiparkinson drug;
dopamine agonist;
geroprotector
ranitidine hydrochloride
label : A role played by a part of a molecular entity distinguishable by the observer but not by the system and used to identify a tracer.		2.0310
colforsin
Colforsin: Potent activator of the adenylate cyclase system and the biosynthesis of cyclic AMP. From the plant COLEUS FORSKOHLII. Has antihypertensive, positive inotropic, platelet aggregation inhibitory, and smooth muscle relaxant activities; also lowers intraocular pressure and promotes release of hormones from the pituitary gland.		3.150acetate ester;
cyclic ketone;
labdane diterpenoid;
organic heterotricyclic compound;
tertiary alpha-hydroxy ketone;
triol		adenylate cyclase agonist;
anti-HIV agent;
antihypertensive agent;
plant metabolite;
platelet aggregation inhibitor;
protein kinase A agonist
cefadroxil anhydrous
Cefadroxil: Long-acting, broad-spectrum, water-soluble, CEPHALEXIN derivative.. cefadroxil : A cephalosporin bearing methyl and (2R)-2-amino-2-(4-hydroxyphenyl)acetamido groups at positions 3 and 7, respectively, of the cephem skeleton.		4.6680cephalosporinantibacterial drug
encainide
Encainide: One of the ANTI-ARRHYTHMIA AGENTS, it blocks VOLTAGE-GATED SODIUM CHANNELS and slows conduction within the His-Purkinje system and MYOCARDIUM.. encainide : 4-Methoxy-N-phenylbenzamide in which the hydrogen at the 2 position of the phenyl group is substituted by a 2-(1-methylpiperidin-2-yl)ethyl group. A class Ic antiarrhythmic, the hydrochloride was used for the treatment of severe or life-threatening ventricular arrhythmias, but it was associated with increased death rates in patients who had asymptomatic heart rhythm abnormalities after a recent heart attack and was withdrawn from the market.		2.7430benzamides;
piperidines		anti-arrhythmia drug;
sodium channel blocker
talniflumate
talniflumate: an anti-inflammatory molecule for the treatment of cystic fibrosis, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease and asthma		2.4820benzofurans
fenoldopam mesylate
[no description available]		2.0810benzazepine
buserelin
Buserelin: A potent synthetic analog of GONADOTROPIN-RELEASING HORMONE with D-serine substitution at residue 6, glycine10 deletion, and other modifications.		16.765329oligopeptide
nedocromil
Nedocromil: A pyranoquinolone derivative that inhibits activation of inflammatory cells which are associated with ASTHMA, including EOSINOPHILS; NEUTROPHILS; MACROPHAGES; MAST CELLS; MONOCYTES; AND PLATELETS.		2.4420dicarboxylic acid;
organic heterotricyclic compound		anti-allergic agent;
anti-asthmatic drug;
non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug
fialuridine
[no description available]		4.2750
cefaclor anhydrous
Cefaclor: Semisynthetic, broad-spectrum antibiotic derivative of CEPHALEXIN.. cefaclor : A cephalosporin bearing chloro and (R)-2-amino-2-phenylacetamido groups at positions 3 and 7, respectively, of the cephem skeleton.		4.460cephalosporinantibacterial drug;
drug allergen
bucindolol
bucindolol: an indolyl-tert-butyl-phenoxypropanolamine benzonitrile derivative		2.0410
pefloxacin
Pefloxacin: A synthetic broad-spectrum fluoroquinolone antibacterial agent active against most gram-negative and gram-positive bacteria.. pefloxacin : A quinolone that is 4-oxo-1,4-dihydroquinoline which is substituted at positions 1, 3, 6 and 7 by ethyl, carboxy, fluorine, and 4-methylpiperazin-1-yl groups, respectively.		2.4720fluoroquinolone antibiotic;
monocarboxylic acid;
N-alkylpiperazine;
N-arylpiperazine;
quinolone antibiotic;
quinolone		antibacterial drug;
antiinfective agent;
DNA synthesis inhibitor
mitoxantrone hydrochloride
[no description available]		2.4620hydrochlorideantineoplastic agent
alfentanil
Alfentanil: A short-acting opioid anesthetic and analgesic derivative of FENTANYL. It produces an early peak analgesic effect and fast recovery of consciousness. Alfentanil is effective as an anesthetic during surgery, for supplementation of analgesia during surgical procedures, and as an analgesic for critically ill patients.. alfentanil : A member of the class of piperidines that is piperidine having a 2-(4-ethyl-5-oxo-4,5-dihydro-1H-tetrazol-1-yl)ethyl group at the 1-position as well as N-phenylpropanamido- and methoxymethyl groups at the 4-position.		4.2550monocarboxylic acid amide;
piperidines		central nervous system depressant;
intravenous anaesthetic;
mu-opioid receptor agonist;
opioid analgesic;
peripheral nervous system drug
miglustat
miglustat: a glucosylceramide synthase inhibitor. miglustat : A hydroxypiperidine that is deoxynojirimycin in which the amino hydrogen is replaced by a butyl group.		3.5920piperidines;
tertiary amino compound		anti-HIV agent;
EC 2.4.1.80 (ceramide glucosyltransferase) inhibitor
alo 2145
apraclonidine hydrochloride : The hydrochloride salt of apraclonidine.		2.0310hydrochloridealpha-adrenergic agonist;
antiglaucoma drug
haloperidol decanoate
[no description available]		3.2310organic molecular entity
dazoxiben
dazoxiben: RN given refers to parent cpd		2.0710
cefotetan
Cefotetan: A semisynthetic cephamycin antibiotic that is administered intravenously or intramuscularly. The drug is highly resistant to a broad spectrum of beta-lactamases and is active against a wide range of both aerobic and anaerobic gram-positive and gram-negative microorganisms.. cefotetan : A semi-synthetic second-generation cephamycin antibiotic with [(1-methyl-1H-tetrazol-5-yl)sulfanyl]methyl, methoxy and {[4-(2-amino-1-carboxy-2-oxoethylidene)-1,3-dithietan-2-yl]carbonyl}amino groups at the 3, 7alpha, and 7beta positions, respectively, of the cephem skeleton. It is resistant to a wide range of beta-lactamases and is active against a broad spectrum of aerobic and anaerobic Gram-positive and Gram-negative microorganisms.		4.5470
lovastatin
Lovastatin: A fungal metabolite isolated from cultures of Aspergillus terreus. The compound is a potent anticholesteremic agent. It inhibits 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl coenzyme A reductase (HYDROXYMETHYLGLUTARYL COA REDUCTASES), which is the rate-limiting enzyme in cholesterol biosynthesis. It also stimulates the production of low-density lipoprotein receptors in the liver.. lovastatin : A fatty acid ester that is mevastatin carrying an additional methyl group on the carbobicyclic skeleton. It is used in as an anticholesteremic drug and has been found in fungal species such as Aspergillus terreus and Pleurotus ostreatus (oyster mushroom).		4.7790delta-lactone;
fatty acid ester;
hexahydronaphthalenes;
polyketide;
statin (naturally occurring)		anticholesteremic drug;
antineoplastic agent;
Aspergillus metabolite;
prodrug
flupirtine
flupirtine: RN given refers to parent cpd without isomeric designation		2.4720aminopyridine
tolrestat
tolrestat: RN & structure given in first source		4.0940naphthalenesEC 1.1.1.21 (aldehyde reductase) inhibitor
enoximone
Enoximone: A selective phosphodiesterase inhibitor with vasodilating and positive inotropic activity that does not cause changes in myocardial oxygen consumption. It is used in patients with CONGESTIVE HEART FAILURE.		2.7530aromatic ketone
stepronin
[no description available]		2.0810N-acyl-amino acid
piritrexim
piritrexim: RN given refers to parent cpd; structure given in first source		2.7430
levocabastine
levocabastine: for the temporary relief of the signs and symptoms of seasonal allergic conjunctivitis		2.0210piperidines
simvastatin
Simvastatin: A derivative of LOVASTATIN and potent competitive inhibitor of 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl coenzyme A reductase (HYDROXYMETHYLGLUTARYL COA REDUCTASES), which is the rate-limiting enzyme in cholesterol biosynthesis. It may also interfere with steroid hormone production. Due to the induction of hepatic LDL RECEPTORS, it increases breakdown of LDL CHOLESTEROL.. simvastatin : A member of the class of hexahydronaphthalenes that is lovastatin in which the 2-methylbutyrate ester moiety has been replaced by a 2,2-dimethylbutyrate ester group. It is used as a cholesterol-lowering and anti-cardiovascular disease drug.		10.24150delta-lactone;
fatty acid ester;
hexahydronaphthalenes;
statin (semi-synthetic)		EC 1.1.1.34/EC 1.1.1.88 (hydroxymethylglutaryl-CoA reductase) inhibitor;
EC 3.4.24.83 (anthrax lethal factor endopeptidase) inhibitor;
ferroptosis inducer;
geroprotector;
prodrug
idazoxan
Idazoxan: A benzodioxane-linked imidazole that has alpha-2 adrenoceptor antagonist activity.. idazoxan : A benzodioxine that is 2,3-dihydro-1,4-benzodioxine in which one of the hydrogens at position 2 has been replaced by a 4,5-dihydro-1H-imidazol-2-yl group.		2.4720benzodioxine;
imidazolines		alpha-adrenergic antagonist
remoxipride
Remoxipride: An antipsychotic agent that is specific for dopamine D2 receptors. It has been shown to be effective in the treatment of schizophrenia.		2.9940dimethoxybenzene
balsalazide
balsalazide: a mesalamine 5-aminosalicylate prodrug; 99% of ingested drug remains intact through the stomach and is delivered to and activated in the colon; used for inflammatory bowel disease, ulcerative colitis and radiation-induced proctosigmoiditis but avoided in patients with known hypersensitivity reaction to salicylates or mesalamine; structure in first source. balsalazide : A monohydroxybenzoic acid consisting of 5-aminosalicylic acid (mesalazine) linked to 4-aminobenzoyl-beta-alanine via an azo bond.		3.2310
pravastatin
Pravastatin: An antilipemic fungal metabolite isolated from cultures of Nocardia autotrophica. It acts as a competitive inhibitor of HMG CoA reductase (HYDROXYMETHYLGLUTARYL COA REDUCTASES).. pravastatin : A carboxylic ester resulting from the formal condensation of (S)-2-methylbutyric acid with the hydroxy group adjacent to the ring junction of (3R,5R)-7-[(1S,2S,6S,8S,8aR)-6,8-dihydroxy-2-methyl-1,2,6,7,8,8a-hexahydronaphthalen-1-yl]-3,5-dihydroxyheptanoic acid. Derived from microbial transformation of mevastatin, pravastatin is a reversible inhibitor of 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-coenzyme A (HMG-CoA). The sodium salt is used for lowering cholesterol and preventing cardiovascular disease. It is one of the lower potency statins, but has the advantage of fewer side effects compared with lovastatin and simvastatin.		4.861003-hydroxy carboxylic acid;
carbobicyclic compound;
carboxylic ester;
hydroxy monocarboxylic acid;
secondary alcohol;
statin (semi-synthetic)		anticholesteremic drug;
environmental contaminant;
metabolite;
xenobiotic
cabergoline
Cabergoline: An ergoline derivative and dopamine D2-agonist that inhibits PROLACTIN secretion. It is used in the management of HYPERPROLACTINEMIA, and to suppress lactation following childbirth for medical reasons. Cabergoline is also used in the management of PARKINSON DISEASE.. cabergoline : An N-acylurea that is (8R)-ergoline-8-carboxamide in which the hydrogen attached to the piperidine nitrogen (position 6) is substituted by an allyl group and the hydrogens attached to the carboxamide nitrogen are substituted by a 3-(dimethylamino)propyl group and an N-ethylcarbamoyl group. A dopamine D2 receptor agonist, cabergoline is used in the management of Parkinson's disease and of disorders associated with hyperprolactinaemia.		4.0640N-acylureaantineoplastic agent;
antiparkinson drug;
dopamine agonist
caracemide
[no description available]		2.0410
bambuterol
bambuterol: selective inhibitor of butyrylcholinesterase & acetylcholinesterase. bambuterol : A carbamate ester that is terbutaline in which both of the phenolic hydroxy groups have been protected as the corresponding N,N-dimethylcarbamates. A long acting beta-adrenoceptor agonist used in the treatment of asthma, it is a prodrug for terbutaline.		2.9740carbamate ester;
phenylethanolamines		anti-asthmatic drug;
beta-adrenergic agonist;
bronchodilator agent;
EC 3.1.1.7 (acetylcholinesterase) inhibitor;
prodrug;
sympathomimetic agent;
tocolytic agent
atomoxetine hydrochloride
Atomoxetine Hydrochloride: A propylamine derivative and selective ADRENERGIC UPTAKE INHIBITOR that is used in the treatment of ATTENTION DEFICIT HYPERACTIVITY DISORDER.. atomoxetine hydrochloride : The hydrochloride salt of atomoxetine.		2.4720hydrochlorideadrenergic uptake inhibitor;
antidepressant
atomoxetine
atomoxetine : A secondary amino compound having methyl and 3-(2-methylphenoxy)-3-phenylpropan-1-yl substituents.		4.6680aromatic ether;
secondary amino compound;
toluenes		adrenergic uptake inhibitor;
antidepressant;
environmental contaminant;
xenobiotic
quinapril
Quinapril: A tetrahydroisoquinoline derivative and ANGIOTENSIN CONVERTING ENZYME inhibitor that is used in the treatment of HYPERTENSION and HEART FAILURE.. quinapril : A member of the class of isoquinolines that is (3S)-2-L-alanyl-1,2,3,4-tetrahydroisoquinoline-3-carboxylic acid in which the alpha-amino group of the alanyl residue has been substituted by a 1-ethoxycarbonyl-4-phenylbutan-2-yl group (the all-S isomer). A prodrug for quinaprilat (by hydrolysis of the ethyl ester to the corresponding carboxylic acid), it is used as an angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor (ACE inhibitor) used (generally as the hydrochloride salt) for the treatment of hypertension and congestive heart failure.		4.6680dicarboxylic acid monoester;
ethyl ester;
isoquinolines;
tertiary carboxamide		antihypertensive agent;
EC 3.4.15.1 (peptidyl-dipeptidase A) inhibitor;
prodrug
alpidem
[no description available]		4.6880imidazoles
raloxifene hydrochloride
Raloxifene Hydrochloride: A second generation selective estrogen receptor modulator (SERM) used to prevent osteoporosis in postmenopausal women. It has estrogen agonist effects on bone and cholesterol metabolism but behaves as a complete estrogen antagonist on mammary gland and uterine tissue.. raloxifene hydrochloride : A hydrochloride salt resulting from the reaction of equimolar amounts of raloxifene and hydrogen chloride.		3.4980hydrochloridebone density conservation agent;
estrogen antagonist;
estrogen receptor modulator
gepirone
gepirone: RN given refers to parent cpd; structure given in first source		2.0510N-arylpiperazine
mifepristone
Mifepristone: A progestational and glucocorticoid hormone antagonist. Its inhibition of progesterone induces bleeding during the luteal phase and in early pregnancy by releasing endogenous prostaglandins from the endometrium or decidua. As a glucocorticoid receptor antagonist, the drug has been used to treat hypercortisolism in patients with nonpituitary CUSHING SYNDROME.		7.834003-oxo-Delta(4) steroid;
acetylenic compound;
tertiary amino compound		abortifacient;
contraceptive drug;
hormone antagonist;
synthetic oral contraceptive
quinpirole hydrochloride
[no description available]		2.0310
dopexamine
dopexamine: RN given refers to parent cpd; structure given in first source		2.0710catecholamine
trospectomycin
trospectomycin: active against Neisseria gonorrhoeae; RN refers to 2R-(2alpha,4abeta,5abeta,6beta,7beta,8beta,9beta,9alpha,9aalpha,10abeta)-(9CI)-isomer		2.0510dioxanes
imazodan
imazodan: RN & structure given in first source;		2.0310
nitrogenase stabilizing-protective protein, bacteria
[no description available]		2.7330N-[4-cyano-3-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl]-3-[(4-fluorophenyl)sulfonyl]-2-hydroxy-2-methylpropanamideandrogen antagonist;
antineoplastic agent
lonapalene
RS 43179: used in treatment of psoriasis		2.0710naphthalenes;
organochlorine compound
cilazapril, anhydrous
Cilazapril: One of the ANGIOTENSIN-CONVERTING ENZYME INHIBITORS (ACE inhibitors) used for hypertension. It is a prodrug that is hydrolyzed after absorption to its main metabolite cilazaprilat.. cilazapril : A pyridazinodiazepine resulting from the formal condensation of the carboxy group of cilazaprilat with ethanol. It is a drug used in the treatment of hypertension and heart failure.		2.0410dicarboxylic acid monoester;
ethyl ester;
pyridazinodiazepine		antihypertensive agent;
EC 3.4.15.1 (peptidyl-dipeptidase A) inhibitor;
prodrug
fosphenytoin
fosphenytoin: structure given in first & second source		3.5620imidazolidine-2,4-dione
salmeterol xinafoate
Salmeterol Xinafoate: A selective ADRENERGIC BETA-2 RECEPTOR agonist that functions as a BRONCHODILATOR when administered by inhalation. It is used to manage the symptoms of ASTHMA and CHRONIC OBSTRUCTIVE PULMONARY DISEASE.		2.7530naphthoic acid
ranolazine
Ranolazine: An acetanilide and piperazine derivative that functions as a SODIUM CHANNEL BLOCKER and prevents the release of enzymes during MYOCARDIAL ISCHEMIA. It is used in the treatment of ANGINA PECTORIS.. N-(2,6-dimethylphenyl)-2-{4-[2-hydroxy-3-(2-methoxyphenoxy)propyl]piperazin-1-yl}acetamide : An aromatic amide obtained by formal condensation of the carboxy group of 2-{4-[2-hydroxy-3-(2-methoxyphenoxy)propyl]piperazin-1-yl}acetic acid with the amino group of 2,6-dimethylaniline.. ranolazine : A racemate comprising equal amounts of (R)- and (S)-ranolazine. Used for treatment of chronic angina.		3.8830aromatic amide;
monocarboxylic acid amide;
monomethoxybenzene;
N-alkylpiperazine;
secondary alcohol
ipsapirone
[no description available]		2.0710N-arylpiperazine
atamestane
atamestane: aromatase inhibitor; structure given in first source		3.0810
finasteride
Finasteride: An orally active 3-OXO-5-ALPHA-STEROID 4-DEHYDROGENASE inhibitor. It is used as a surgical alternative for treatment of benign PROSTATIC HYPERPLASIA.. finasteride : An aza-steroid that is a synthetic drug for the treatment of benign prostatic hyperplasia.		16.58106243-oxo steroid;
aza-steroid;
delta-lactam		androgen antagonist;
antihyperplasia drug;
EC 1.3.1.22 [3-oxo-5alpha-steroid 4-dehydrogenase (NADP(+))] inhibitor
imiquimod
Imiquimod: A topically-applied aminoquinoline immune modulator that induces interferon production. It is used in the treatment of external genital and perianal warts, superficial CARCINOMA, BASAL CELL; and ACTINIC KERATOSIS.. imiquimod : An imidazoquinoline fused [4,5-c] carrying isobutyl and amino substituents at N-1 and C-4 respectively. A prescription medication, it acts as an immune response modifier and is used to treat genital warts, superficial basal cell carcinoma, and actinic keratosis.		2.0810imidazoquinolineantineoplastic agent;
interferon inducer
sematilide
sematilide: RN refers to HCl; structure given in first source		2.0710
fadrozole
Fadrozole: A selective aromatase inhibitor effective in the treatment of estrogen-dependent disease including breast cancer.		3.2760imidazopyridine
esmolol
methyl 3-{4-[2-hydroxy-3-(propan-2-ylamino)propoxy]phenyl}propanoate : A methyl ester that is methyl 3-(4-hydroxyphenyl)propanoate in which the hydrogen attached to the phenolic hydroxy group is substituted by a 2-hydroxy-3-(isopropylamino)propyl group.. esmolol : A racemate comprising equimolar amounts of (R)- and (S)-esmolol. A cardioselective and short-acting beta1 receptor blocker with rapid onset but lacking intrinsic sympathomimetic and membrane-stabilising properties, it is used as the hydrochloride salt in the management of supraventricular arrhythmias, and for the control of hypertension and tachycardia during surgery. While the S enantiomer possesses all of the heart rate control, both enantiomers contribute to lowering blood pressure.		4.2650aromatic ether;
ethanolamines;
methyl ester;
secondary alcohol;
secondary amino compound
temafloxacin
temafloxacin: structure given in first source. temafloxacin : A racemate comprising equimolar amounts of (R)- and (S)-temafloxacin. Both enantiomers both exhibit similar pharmacological profiles. Temafloxacin was briefly used (either as the free base or as the hydrochloride salt) as an antibacterial drug but was withdrawn worldwide in 1992 following reports of serious side effects, including severe hypoglycaemia, haemolytic anaemia, liver and kidney dysfunction, anaphylaxis, and death.. 1-(2,4-difluorophenyl)-6-fluoro-7-(3-methylpiperazin-1-yl)-4-oxo-1,4-dihydroquinoline-3-carboxylic acid : A quinolone that is 4-oxo-1,4-dihydroquinoline-3-carboxylic acid which is substituted at positions 1, 6, and 7 by 2,4-difluorophenyl, fluorine, and 3-methylpiperazin-1-yl groups, respectively.		2.4620amino acid;
monocarboxylic acid;
N-arylpiperazine;
organofluorine compound;
quinolone antibiotic;
quinolone;
secondary amino compound;
tertiary amino compound
clinafloxacin
clinafloxacin: structure given in first source; RN given is for monoHCl		2.4620quinolines
sertindole
sertindole : A phenylindole that is 1H-indole which is substituted on the nitrogen by a p-chlorophenyl group, at position 5 by chlorine, and at position 3 by a piperidin-4-yl group, which is itself substituted on the nitrogen by a 2-(2-oxoimidazolidin-1-yl)ethyl group.		2.0810heteroarylpiperidine;
imidazolidinone;
organochlorine compound;
organofluorine compound;
phenylindole		alpha-adrenergic antagonist;
H1-receptor antagonist;
second generation antipsychotic;
serotonergic antagonist
adapalene
Adapalene: A naphthalene derivative that has specificity for RETINOIC ACID RECEPTORS. It is used as a DERMATOLOGIC AGENT for the treatment of ACNE.. adapalene : A naphthoic acid that is CD437 in which the phenolic hydroxy group has been converted to its methyl ether.		2.4520adamantanes;
monocarboxylic acid;
naphthoic acid		dermatologic drug;
EC 2.7.11.22 (cyclin-dependent kinase) inhibitor;
non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug
adefovir
adefovir: inhibitor of African swine fever virus. adefovir(1-) : A organophosphonate oxoanion obtained by removal of a proton from the phosphonate group of adefovir, a nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor. It is the major microspecies at pH 7.3 (according to Marvin v 6.2.0.).. adefovir : A member of the class of phosphonic acids that is methylphosphonic acid in which one of the methyl hydrogens has been replaced by a 2-(6-amino-9H-purin-9-yl)ethoxy group. An inhibitor of HIV-1 reverse transcriptase, the bis(t-butoxycarbonyloxymethyl) ester (dipivoxil ester) prodrug is used to treat chronic hepatitis B viral infection.		3.58206-aminopurines;
ether;
phosphonic acids		antiviral drug;
DNA synthesis inhibitor;
drug metabolite;
HIV-1 reverse transcriptase inhibitor;
nephrotoxic agent
aromasil
[no description available]		3.863017-oxo steroid;
3-oxo-Delta(1),Delta(4)-steroid		antineoplastic agent;
EC 1.14.14.14 (aromatase) inhibitor;
environmental contaminant;
xenobiotic
sparfloxacin
[no description available]		2.9640fluoroquinolone antibiotic;
N-arylpiperazine;
quinolinemonocarboxylic acid;
quinolone antibiotic;
quinolone
zileuton
[no description available]		4.951101-benzothiophenes;
ureas		anti-asthmatic drug;
EC 1.13.11.34 (arachidonate 5-lipoxygenase) inhibitor;
ferroptosis inhibitor;
leukotriene antagonist;
non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug
remacemide
remacemide: structure given in first source		2.0710stilbenoid
clopidogrel
Clopidogrel: A ticlopidine analog and platelet purinergic P2Y receptor antagonist that inhibits adenosine diphosphate-mediated PLATELET AGGREGATION. It is used to prevent THROMBOEMBOLISM in patients with ARTERIAL OCCLUSIVE DISEASES; MYOCARDIAL INFARCTION; STROKE; or ATRIAL FIBRILLATION.. clopidogrel : A thienopyridine that is 4,5,6,7-tetrahydrothieno[3,2-c]pyridine in which the hydrogen attached to the nitrogen is replaced by an o-chlorobenzyl group, the methylene hydrogen of which is replaced by a methoxycarbonyl group (the S enantiomer). A P2Y12 receptor antagonist, it is used to inhibit blood clots and prevent heart attacks.		4.140methyl ester;
monochlorobenzenes;
thienopyridine		anticoagulant;
P2Y12 receptor antagonist;
platelet aggregation inhibitor
cidofovir anhydrous
Cidofovir: An acyclic nucleoside phosphonate that acts as a competitive inhibitor of viral DNA polymerases. It is used in the treatment of RETINITIS caused by CYTOMEGALOVIRUS INFECTIONS and may also be useful for treating HERPESVIRUS INFECTIONS.. cidofovir anhydrous : Cytosine substituted at the 1 position by a 3-hydroxy-2-(phosphonomethoxy)propyl group (S configuration). A nucleoside analogue, it is an injectable antiviral used for the treatment of cytomegalovirus (CMV) retinitis in AIDS patients.		4.0840phosphonic acids;
pyrimidone		anti-HIV agent;
antineoplastic agent;
antiviral drug;
photosensitizing agent
tiagabine
Tiagabine: A nipecotic acid derivative that acts as a GABA uptake inhibitor and anticonvulsant agent. It is used in the treatment of EPILEPSY, for refractory PARTIAL SEIZURES.. tiagabine : A piperidinemonocarboxylic acid that is (R)-nipecotic acid in which the hydrogen attached to the nitrogen has been replaced by a 1,1-bis(3-methyl-2-thienyl)but-1-en-4-yl group. A GABA reuptake inhibitor, it is used (generally as the hydrochloride salt) for the treatment of epilepsy.		3.2310beta-amino acid;
piperidinemonocarboxylic acid;
tertiary amino compound;
thiophenes		anticonvulsant;
GABA reuptake inhibitor
liarozole
liarozole: inhibits all-trans-retinoic acid 4-hydroxylase; effective against hormone-dependent and hormone-independent tumors; R 75251 is chlorohydrate of R 61405; a potent inhibitor of retinoic acid metabolism; USAN name - liarozole fumarate		3.7821benzimidazoles
mibefradil dihydrochloride
[no description available]		2.4420
mibefradil
Mibefradil: A benzimidazoyl-substituted tetraline that selectively binds and inhibits CALCIUM CHANNELS, T-TYPE.		2.7530tetralinsT-type calcium channel blocker
topotecan
Topotecan: An antineoplastic agent used to treat ovarian cancer. It works by inhibiting DNA TOPOISOMERASES, TYPE I.. topotecan : A pyranoindolizinoquinoline used as an antineoplastic agent. It is a derivative of camptothecin and works by binding to the topoisomerase I-DNA complex and preventing religation of these 328 single strand breaks.		3.8530pyranoindolizinoquinolineantineoplastic agent;
EC 5.99.1.2 (DNA topoisomerase) inhibitor
eliprodil
1-(4-chlorophenyl)-2-[4-(4-fluorobenzyl)piperidin-1-yl]ethanol : A member of the class of piperidines that is piperidine substituted by a 2-(4-chlorophenyl)-2-hydroxyethyl group at position 1 and by a 4-fluorobenzyl group at position 4.		2.0510monochlorobenzenes;
monofluorobenzenes;
piperidines;
secondary alcohol;
tertiary amino compound
tenidap
tenidap: structure given in first source; RN refers to (Z)-isomer		3.110
bromfenac
bromfenac: bromfenac sodium is the active cpd; structure in first source. bromfenac : Amfenac in which the the hydrogen at the 4 position of the benzoyl group is substituted by bromine. It is used for the management of ocular pain and treatment of postoperative inflammation in patients who have undergone cataract extraction. It was withdrawn from the US market in 1998, following concerns over off-label abuse and hepatic failure.		5.2890aromatic amino acid;
benzophenones;
organobromine compound;
substituted aniline		non-narcotic analgesic;
non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug
gemcitabine hydrochloride
[no description available]		2.0810hydrochloride;
organofluorine compound		anticoronaviral agent;
antimetabolite;
antineoplastic agent;
antiviral drug;
EC 1.17.4.1 (ribonucleoside-diphosphate reductase) inhibitor;
immunosuppressive agent;
radiosensitizing agent
gemcitabine
gemcitabine : A 2'-deoxycytidine having geminal fluoro substituents in the 2'-position. An inhibitor of ribonucleotide reductase, gemcitabine is used in the treatment of various carcinomas, particularly non-small cell lung cancer, pancreatic cancer, bladder cancer and breast cancer.		11.5551organofluorine compound;
pyrimidine 2'-deoxyribonucleoside		antimetabolite;
antineoplastic agent;
antiviral drug;
DNA synthesis inhibitor;
EC 1.17.4.1 (ribonucleoside-diphosphate reductase) inhibitor;
environmental contaminant;
immunosuppressive agent;
photosensitizing agent;
prodrug;
radiosensitizing agent;
xenobiotic
ibutilide
ibutilide: RN & structure in first source; RN refers to the fumarate salt		3.5620benzenes;
organic amino compound
aripiprazole
Aripiprazole: A piperazine and quinolone derivative that is used primarily as an antipsychotic agent. It is a partial agonist of SEROTONIN RECEPTOR, 5-HT1A and DOPAMINE D2 RECEPTORS, where it also functions as a post-synaptic antagonist, and an antagonist of SEROTONIN RECEPTOR, 5-HT2A. It is used for the treatment of SCHIZOPHRENIA and BIPOLAR DISORDER, and as an adjunct therapy for the treatment of depression.. aripiprazole : An N-arylpiperazine that is piperazine substituted by a 4-[(2-oxo-1,2,3,4-tetrahydroquinolin-7-yl)oxy]butyl group at position 1 and by a 2,3-dichlorophenyl group at position 4. It is an antipsychotic drug used for the treatment of Schizophrenia, and other mood disorders.		3.6120aromatic ether;
delta-lactam;
dichlorobenzene;
N-alkylpiperazine;
N-arylpiperazine;
quinolone		drug metabolite;
H1-receptor antagonist;
second generation antipsychotic;
serotonergic agonist
remifentanil
Remifentanil: A piperidine-propionate derivative and opioid analgesic structurally related to FENTANYL. It functions as a short-acting MU OPIOID RECEPTOR agonist, and is used as an analgesic during induction or maintenance of general anesthesia, following surgery, during childbirth, and in mechanically ventilated patients under intensive care.. remifentanil : A piperidinecarboxylate ester that is methyl piperidine-4-carboxylate in which the hydrogen attached to the nitrogen is substituted by a 3-methoxy-3-oxopropyl group and the hydrogen at position 4 is substituted the nitrogen of N-propanoylaniline.		3.5620alpha-amino acid ester;
anilide;
monocarboxylic acid amide;
piperidinecarboxylate ester		intravenous anaesthetic;
mu-opioid receptor agonist;
opioid analgesic;
sedative
atorvastatin calcium anhydrous
[no description available]		2.0810organic calcium salt
atorvastatin
[no description available]		4.6680aromatic amide;
dihydroxy monocarboxylic acid;
monofluorobenzenes;
pyrroles;
statin (synthetic)		environmental contaminant;
xenobiotic
lamivudine
[no description available]		4.7890monothioacetal;
nucleoside analogue;
oxacycle;
primary alcohol		allergen;
anti-HBV agent;
antiviral drug;
EC 2.7.7.49 (RNA-directed DNA polymerase) inhibitor;
HIV-1 reverse transcriptase inhibitor;
prodrug
duloxetine hydrochloride
Duloxetine Hydrochloride: A thiophene derivative and selective NEUROTRANSMITTER UPTAKE INHIBITOR for SEROTONIN and NORADRENALINE (SNRI). It is an ANTIDEPRESSIVE AGENT and ANXIOLYTIC, and is also used for the treatment of pain in patients with DIABETES MELLITUS and FIBROMYALGIA.. (S)-duloxetine hydrochloride : A duloxetine hydrochloride in which the duloxetine moiety has S configuration.		2.0810duloxetine hydrochlorideantidepressant
duloxetine
[no description available]		3.8730duloxetine
irinotecan
[no description available]		4.5770carbamate ester;
delta-lactone;
N-acylpiperidine;
pyranoindolizinoquinoline;
ring assembly;
tertiary alcohol;
tertiary amino compound		antineoplastic agent;
apoptosis inducer;
EC 5.99.1.2 (DNA topoisomerase) inhibitor;
prodrug
aptiganel hydrochloride
[no description available]		2.4420
valsartan
Valsartan: A tetrazole derivative and ANGIOTENSIN II TYPE 1 RECEPTOR BLOCKER that is used to treat HYPERTENSION.. valsartan : A monocarboxylic acid amide consisting of L-valine in which the amino hydrogens have been replaced by a pentanoyl and a [2'-(1H-tetrazol-5-yl)biphenyl]-4-yl]methyl group. It exhibits antihypertensive activity.		4.95110biphenylyltetrazole;
monocarboxylic acid amide;
monocarboxylic acid		angiotensin receptor antagonist;
antihypertensive agent;
environmental contaminant;
xenobiotic
ibandronic acid
Ibandronic Acid: Aminobisphosphonate that is a potent inhibitor of BONE RESORPTION. It is used in the treatment of HYPERCALCEMIA associated with malignancy, for the prevention of fracture and bone complications in patients with breast cancer and bone metastases, and for the treatment and prevention of POSTMENOPAUSAL OSTEOPOROSIS.		3.5920
ziprasidone
ziprasidone: a benzisothiazoylpiperazine derivative; has combined dopamine and serotonin receptor antagonist activity; structurally related to tiospirone. ziprasidone : A piperazine compound having 1,2-benzothiazol-3-yl- and 2-(6-chloro-1,3-dihydro-2-oxindol-5-yl)ethyl substituents attached to the nitrogen atoms.		3.56201,2-benzisothiazole;
indolones;
organochlorine compound;
piperazines		antipsychotic agent;
dopaminergic antagonist;
histamine antagonist;
muscarinic antagonist;
psychotropic drug;
serotonergic antagonist
zanamivir
Zanamivir: A guanido-neuraminic acid that is used to inhibit NEURAMINIDASE.		2.0410guanidinesantiviral agent;
EC 3.2.1.18 (exo-alpha-sialidase) inhibitor
zolmitriptan
zolmitriptan: an antimigraine compound; a serotonin (5HT)-1D receptor agonist. zolmitriptan : A member of the class of tryptamines that is N,N-dimethyltryptamine in which the hydrogen at position 5 of the indole ring has been replaced by a [(4S)-2-oxo-1,3-oxazolidin-4-yl]methyl group. A serotonin 5-HT1 B and D receptor agonist, it is used for the treatment of migraine.		3.6120oxazolidinone;
tryptamines		anti-inflammatory drug;
serotonergic agonist;
vasoconstrictor agent
adefovir dipivoxil
bis(pivaloyloxymethyl)-9-(2-phosphonylmethoxyethyl)adenine: structure given in first source. adefovir pivoxil : An organic phosphonate that is the dipivoxil ester of adefovir. A prodrug for adefovir, an HIV-1 reverse transcriptase inhibitor, adefovir pivoxil is used to treat chronic hepatitis B viral infection.		2.47206-aminopurines;
carbonate ester;
ether;
organic phosphonate		antiviral drug;
DNA synthesis inhibitor;
HIV-1 reverse transcriptase inhibitor;
nephrotoxic agent;
prodrug
emtricitabine
Emtricitabine: A deoxycytidine analog and REVERSE TRANSCRIPTASE INHIBITOR with antiviral activity against HIV-1 and HEPATITIS B viruses. It is used to treat HIV INFECTIONS.. emtricitabine : An organofluorine compound that is 5-fluorocytosine substituted at the 1 position by a 2-(hydroxymethyl)-1,3-oxathiolan-5-yl group (2R,5S configuration). It is used in combination therapy for the treatment of HIV-1 infection.		3.8830monothioacetal;
nucleoside analogue;
organofluorine compound;
pyrimidone		antiviral drug;
HIV-1 reverse transcriptase inhibitor
tasosartan
tasosartan: angiotensin II antagonist; structure given in first source		4.2850biphenyls
saquinavir monomethanesulfonate
[no description available]		2.4620organic molecular entity
tiludronic acid
tiludronic acid: a bone resorption inhibitor; an antihypercalcemic agent; used in the tratment of Paget's disease; used in the treatment and prevention of osteoporosis; structure given in first source		3.2310organochlorine compound
tirofiban
Tirofiban: Tyrosine analog and PLATELET GLYCOPROTEIN GPIIB-IIIA COMPLEX antagonist that inhibits PLATELET AGGREGATION and is used in the treatment of ACUTE CORONARY SYNDROME.. tirofiban : A member of the class of piperidines that is L-tyrosine in which a hydrogen attached to the amino group is replaced by a butylsulfonyl group and in which the hydrogen attached to the phenolic hydroxy group is replaced by a 4-(piperidin-4-yl)butyl group.		3.2310L-tyrosine derivative;
piperidines;
sulfonamide		anticoagulant;
fibrin modulating drug;
platelet glycoprotein-IIb/IIIa receptor antagonist
capecitabine
Capecitabine: A deoxycytidine derivative and fluorouracil PRODRUG that is used as an ANTINEOPLASTIC ANTIMETABOLITE in the treatment of COLON CANCER; BREAST CANCER and GASTRIC CANCER.. capecitabine : A carbamate ester that is cytidine in which the hydrogen at position 5 is replaced by fluorine and in which the amino group attached to position 4 is converted into its N-(penyloxy)carbonyl derivative. Capecitabine is a antineoplastic agent used in the treatment of cancers.		3.5920carbamate ester;
cytidines;
organofluorine compound		antimetabolite;
antineoplastic agent;
prodrug
adenosine
quinquefolan B: isolated from roots of Panax quinquefolium L.; RN not in Chemline 10/87; RN from Toxlit		4.460adenosines;
purines D-ribonucleoside		analgesic;
anti-arrhythmia drug;
fundamental metabolite;
human metabolite;
vasodilator agent
phenelzine sulfate
[no description available]		2.4420organic molecular entity
2,5-bis(1-aziridinyl)-3,6-bis(2-methoxyethoxy)-4-benzoquinone
2,5-bis(1-aziridinyl)-3,6-bis(2-methoxyethoxy)-4-benzoquinone: structure		2.04101,4-benzoquinones
allyl formate
[no description available]		2.4620
dimethylhydrazines
Dimethylhydrazines: Hydrazines substituted with two methyl groups in any position.		1.9610
morzid
morzid: structure		2.0410morpholines
potassium phosphate
potassium phosphate: used in dental materials and to treat hypophosphatemia; RN given refers to cpd with unspecified MF. tripotassium phosphate : An inorganic potassium salt that is the tripotassium salt of phosphoric acid.		210inorganic phosphate salt;
inorganic potassium salt
fluoxetine hydrochloride
fluoxetine hydrochloride : A racemate comprising equimolar amounts of (R)- and (S)-fluoxetine hydrochloride. A selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor (SSRI), it is used for the treatment of depression (and the depressive phase of bipolar disorder), bullimia nervosa, and obsessive-compulsive disorder.		2.4420hydrochloride;
N-methyl-3-phenyl-3-[4-(trifluoromethyl)phenoxy]propan-1-amine
paroxetine hydrochloride
paroxetine hydrochloride : The hydrochloride salt of paroxetine. It is an antidepressant drug.		2.4820hydrochlorideantidepressant;
anxiolytic drug;
hepatotoxic agent;
P450 inhibitor;
serotonin uptake inhibitor
desferrioxamine b mesylate
desferrioxamine B mesylate : A methanesulfonate salt obtained by reaction of desferrioxamine B with one molar equivalent of methanesulfonic acid. It is an iron-chelating medicine used to remove excess iron from the body. It binds to iron in the blood, which is then passed out in the urine.		2.7330methanesulfonate saltantidote;
ferroptosis inhibitor;
iron chelator
propranolol hydrochloride
Inderex: combination of above cpds; used in treatment of hypertension		2.4420hydrochloride
bupropion hydrochloride
[no description available]		3.1550aromatic ketone
halofuginone
[no description available]		2.0510quinazolines
diltiazem hydrochloride
Carex: fluoride (1.8%) containing varnish; no further information available 8/91. diltiazem hydrochloride : A hydrochloride salt resulting from the reaction of equimolar amounts of diltiazem and hydrogen chloride. A calcium-channel blocker and vasodilator, it is used in the management of angina pectoris and hypertension.		2.4520hydrochlorideantihypertensive agent;
calcium channel blocker;
vasodilator agent
trazodone hydrochloride
Triticum: A plant genus of the family POACEAE that is the source of EDIBLE GRAIN. A hybrid with rye (SECALE CEREALE) is called TRITICALE. The seed is ground into FLOUR and used to make BREAD, and is the source of WHEAT GERM AGGLUTININS.. trazodone hydrochloride : A hydrochloride salt prepared from equimolar amounts of trazodone and hydrogen chloride.		3.1550hydrochlorideadrenergic antagonist;
antidepressant;
H1-receptor antagonist;
sedative;
serotonin uptake inhibitor
ortho-cept
ethinyl estradiol-desogestrel combination: Ethinyl Estradiol and Desogestrell given in fixed proportions; has proved to be an effective & well-tolerated oral contraceptive, which improves cycle control & has a beneficial effect on acne		2.0510
trovafloxacin
trovafloxacin: a trifluoronaphthyridone derivative of 7-(3-azabicyclo(3.1.0)hexyl)naphthyridone; has antineoplastic activity. trovafloxacin : A 1,8-naphthyridine derivative that is 4-oxo-1,4-dihydro-1,8-naphthyridine-3-carboxylic acid bearing additional 2,4-difluorophenyl, fluoro and 6-amino-3-azabicyclo[3.1.0]hex-3-yl substituents at positions 1, 6 and 7 respectively. A broad-spectrum antibiotic that was withdrawn from the market due to risk of liver failure.		4.4360
verapamil hydrochloride
verapamil hydrochloride : A racemate comprising equimolar amounts of dexverapamil hydrochloride and (S)-verapamil hydrochloride.		3.1550
cefprozil
[no description available]		3.8530cephalosporin;
semisynthetic derivative		antibacterial drug
doxazosin mesylate
Cardura: Trade name in United States.		2.7430methanesulfonate saltgeroprotector
ciprofloxacin hydrochloride anhydrous
[no description available]		2.4620hydrochlorideantibacterial drug;
antiinfective agent;
EC 5.99.1.3 [DNA topoisomerase (ATP-hydrolysing)] inhibitor;
topoisomerase IV inhibitor
terfenadine
[no description available]		2.4420diarylmethane
sertraline hydrochloride
sertraline hydrochloride : A hydrochloride resulting from the reaction of equimolar amounts of sertraline and hydrogen chloride. A selective serotonin-reuptake inhibitor (SSRI), it is administered orally as an antidepressant for the treatment of depression, obsessive-compulsive disorder, panic disorder and post-traumatic stress disorder.		2.0510hydrochlorideantidepressant;
serotonin uptake inhibitor
methylprednisolone aceponate
methylprednisolone aceponate: RN given for (6alpha,11beta)-isomer		2.0210corticosteroid hormone
dexamethasone 17-valerate
dexamethasone 17-valerate: RN given refers to (11beta,16alpha)-isomer; structure		2.021021-hydroxy steroid
dexamethasone dipropionate
[no description available]		2.0210corticosteroid hormone
4-[1-[4-[2-(dimethylamino)ethoxy]phenyl]-2-phenylbut-1-enyl]phenol
[no description available]		2.4620stilbenoid
febrifugine
febrifugine: antimalarials; structure		2.0410quinazolines
efavirenz
efavirenz: HIV-1 reverse transcriptase inhibitor. efavirenz : 1,4-Dihydro-2H-3,1-benzoxazin-2-one substituted at the 4 position by cyclopropylethynyl and trifluoromethyl groups (S configuration) and at the 6 position by chlorine. A non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor with activity against HIV, it is used with other antiretrovirals for combination therapy of HIV infection.		4.4260acetylenic compound;
benzoxazine;
cyclopropanes;
organochlorine compound;
organofluorine compound		antiviral drug;
HIV-1 reverse transcriptase inhibitor
nelfinavir
Nelfinavir: A potent HIV protease inhibitor. It is used in combination with other antiviral drugs in the treatment of HIV in both adults and children.. nelfinavir : An aryl sulfide that is used (as its mesylate salt) for treatment of HIV and also exhibits some anticancer properties.		4.6880aryl sulfide;
benzamides;
organic heterobicyclic compound;
phenols;
secondary alcohol;
tertiary amino compound		antineoplastic agent;
HIV protease inhibitor
amantadine hydrochloride
[no description available]		2.9640hydrochlorideantiviral agent;
dopamine agonist;
NMDA receptor antagonist
doxapram hydrochloride
[no description available]		2.0510hydrochloridecentral nervous system stimulant
mevastatin
mevastatin: antifungal metabolite from Penicillium brevicopactum; potent inhibitory activity to sterol synthesis; structure. mevastatin : A carboxylic ester that is pravastatin that is lacking the allylic hydroxy group. A hydroxymethylglutaryl-CoA reductase inhibitor (statin) isolated from Penicillium citrinum and from Penicillium brevicompactum, its clinical use as a lipid-regulating drug ceased following reports of toxicity in animals.		2.46202-pyranones;
carboxylic ester;
hexahydronaphthalenes;
polyketide;
statin (naturally occurring)		antifungal agent;
apoptosis inducer;
EC 3.4.24.83 (anthrax lethal factor endopeptidase) inhibitor;
fungal metabolite;
Penicillium metabolite
bupivacaine hydrochloride
bupivacaine hydrochloride (anhydrous) : A racemate composed of equimolar amounts of dextrobupivacaine hydrochloride and levobupivacaine hydrochloride. The monohydrate form is commonly used as a local anaesthetic.. 1-butyl-N-(2,6-dimethylphenyl)piperidine-2-carboxamide hydrochloride : A hydrochloride obtained by combining 1-butyl-N-(2,6-dimethylphenyl)piperidine-2-carboxamide with one molar equivalent of hydrochloric acid.		2.0810hydrochloride;
racemate		adrenergic antagonist;
amphiphile;
EC 3.1.1.8 (cholinesterase) inhibitor;
EC 3.6.3.8 (Ca(2+)-transporting ATPase) inhibitor;
local anaesthetic
chloroquine diphosphate
[no description available]		2.4420
fenofibric acid
fenofibric acid: RN given refers to parent cpd without isomeric designation; structure. fenofibric acid : A monocarboxylic acid that is 2-methylpropanoic acid substituted by a 4-(4-chlorobenzoyl)phenoxy group at position 2. It is a metabolite of the drug fenofibrate.		3.2310aromatic ketone;
chlorobenzophenone;
monocarboxylic acid		drug metabolite;
marine xenobiotic metabolite
ursolic acid
[no description available]		2.0510hydroxy monocarboxylic acid;
pentacyclic triterpenoid		geroprotector;
plant metabolite
propamidine
propamidine: structure given in first source. propamidine : A polyether that is the bis(4-guanidinophenyl) ether of propane-1,3-diol. Used (as its isethionate salt) for the treatment of minor eye or eyelid infections, such as conjunctivitis and blepharitis.		2.0510aromatic ether;
guanidines;
polyether		antimicrobial agent;
antiseptic drug
n-methylnicotinamide
N-methylnicotinamide: structure. N-methylnicotinamide : A pyridinecarboxamide that is nicotinamide in which one of the amide hydrogens is substituted by a methyl group.		2.7430pyridinecarboxamidemetabolite
1,5-anhydroglucitol
1,5-anhydroglucitol: structure. 1,5-anhydro-D-glucitol : An anhydro sugar of D-glucitol.		2.0510anhydro sugarhuman metabolite
thiazolyl blue
thiazolyl blue: RN & II refers to bromide. 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide : The bromide salt of 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium.		2.4220organic bromide saltcolorimetric reagent;
dye
betulinic acid
[no description available]		2.0510hydroxy monocarboxylic acid;
pentacyclic triterpenoid		anti-HIV agent;
anti-inflammatory agent;
antimalarial;
antineoplastic agent;
EC 5.99.1.3 [DNA topoisomerase (ATP-hydrolysing)] inhibitor;
plant metabolite
baicalin
[no description available]		2.4620dihydroxyflavone;
glucosiduronic acid;
glycosyloxyflavone;
monosaccharide derivative		antiatherosclerotic agent;
antibacterial agent;
anticoronaviral agent;
antineoplastic agent;
antioxidant;
cardioprotective agent;
EC 2.7.7.48 (RNA-directed RNA polymerase) inhibitor;
EC 3.4.21.26 (prolyl oligopeptidase) inhibitor;
ferroptosis inhibitor;
neuroprotective agent;
non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug;
plant metabolite;
prodrug
plerixafor
plerixafor: a bicyclam derivate, highly potent & selective inhibitor of HIV-1 & HIV-2. plerixafor : An azamacrocycle consisting of two cyclam rings connected by a 1,4-phenylenebis(methylene) linker. It is a CXCR4 chemokine receptor antagonist and a hematopoietic stem cell mobilizer. It is used in combination with grulocyte-colony stimulating factor (G-CSF) to mobilize hematopoietic stem cells to the perpheral blood for collection and subsequent autologous transplantation in patients with non-Hodgkin's lymphoma and multiple myeloma.		3.6120azacycloalkane;
azamacrocycle;
benzenes;
crown amine;
secondary amino compound;
tertiary amino compound		anti-HIV agent;
antineoplastic agent;
C-X-C chemokine receptor type 4 antagonist;
immunological adjuvant
amprenavir
[no description available]		4.4360carbamate ester;
sulfonamide;
tetrahydrofuryl ester		antiviral drug;
HIV protease inhibitor
oseltamivir
Oseltamivir: An acetamido cyclohexene that is a structural homolog of SIALIC ACID and inhibits NEURAMINIDASE.. oseltamivir : A cyclohexenecarboxylate ester that is the ethyl ester of oseltamivir acid. An antiviral prodrug (it is hydrolysed to the active free carboxylic acid in the liver), it is used to slow the spread of influenza.		3.8930acetamides;
amino acid ester;
cyclohexenecarboxylate ester;
primary amino compound		antiviral drug;
EC 3.2.1.18 (exo-alpha-sialidase) inhibitor;
environmental contaminant;
prodrug;
xenobiotic
thymine arabinoside
thymine arabinoside: selectively inhibits replication of herpes simplex virus		2.0410N-glycosyl compound
psicofuranine
[no description available]		2.0410psicose derivative;
purine nucleoside
dobutamine hydrochloride
dobutamine hydrochloride : The hydrochloride salt of dobutamine. A beta1-adrenergic receptor agonist that has cardiac stimulant action without evoking vasoconstriction or tachycardia, it is used to increase the contractility of the heart in the management of acute heart failure.		2.9640hydrochloridebeta-adrenergic agonist;
cardiotonic drug;
sympathomimetic agent
desipramine hydrochloride
desipramine hydrochloride : The hydrochloride salt of desipramine.		2.4420hydrochloridedrug allergen
ticlopidine hydrochloride
[no description available]		2.0810hydrochloride
dopamine hydrochloride
P 498: structure in first source; do not confuse with dopamine chloride, also known as P 498		2.4420catecholamine
proadifen hydrochloride
[no description available]		2.4420
epirubicin hydrochloride
[no description available]		2.0810
glutathione disulfide
Glutathione Disulfide: A GLUTATHIONE dimer formed by a disulfide bond between the cysteine sulfhydryl side chains during the course of being oxidized.		2.7530glutathione derivative;
organic disulfide		Escherichia coli metabolite;
mouse metabolite
fenclofenac
fenclofenac: RN given refers to parent cpd		2.0710aromatic ether
triciribine
[no description available]		2.0410nucleoside analogueEC 2.7.1.137 (phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase) inhibitor
4-nitrobenzylthioinosine
4-nitrobenzylthioinosine: inhibitor of nucleoside transport; acts on ENT1		2.4420purine nucleoside
sinefungin
[no description available]		2.0510adenosines;
non-proteinogenic alpha-amino acid		antifungal agent;
antimicrobial agent
iopamidol
Iopamidol: A non-ionic, water-soluble contrast agent which is used in myelography, arthrography, nephroangiography, arteriography, and other radiological procedures.. iopamidol : A benzenedicarboxamide compound having N-substituted carbamoyl groups at the 1- and 3-positions, iodo substituents at the 2-, 4- and 6-positions and a (2S)-2-hydroxypropanamido group at the 5-position.		2.7330benzenedicarboxamide;
organoiodine compound;
pentol		environmental contaminant;
radioopaque medium;
xenobiotic
proxicromil
proxicromil: RN given refers to parent cpd; structure		2.0710
sulconazole, mononitrate, (+-)-isomer
[no description available]		2.4620conazole antifungal drug;
imidazole antifungal drug;
organic nitrate salt
5-chloro-2'-deoxyuridine
[no description available]		2.0410
histamine phosphate
histamine phosphate : A phosphate salt that is the diphosphate salt of histamine.		3.2310phosphate salthistamine agonist
tilbroquinol
[no description available]		3.5920organohalogen compound;
quinolines
bendamustine
[no description available]		3.8630benzimidazoles
erdosteine
[no description available]		2.0510N-acyl-amino acid
droxicam
droxicam: structure given in first source. droxicam : An organic heterotricyclic compound that is 2H,5H-[1,3]oxazino[5,6-c][1,2]benzothiazine-2,4(3H)-dione 6,6-dioxide substituted at positions 3 and 5 by pyridin-2-yl and methyl groups respectively. A prodrug of piroxicam, it is used for the relief of pain and inflammation in musculoskeletal disorders such as rheumatoid arthritis and osteoarthritis.		3.8730organic heterotricyclic compound;
pyridines		cyclooxygenase 1 inhibitor;
hepatotoxic agent;
non-narcotic analgesic;
non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug;
platelet aggregation inhibitor;
prodrug
trofosfamide
trofosfamide: cyclophosphamide analog; structure		2.0410ifosfamides
metrifudil
[no description available]		2.0310
rutecarpine
rutacarpine: from Evodia rutaecarpa; an ingredient in zhuyu hewei zhitong capsules		2.4420beta-carbolines
4-aminobenzoic acid-n-xyloside
4-aminobenzoic acid-N-xyloside: K 247 refers to Na salt; RN given refers to (D)-isomer		2.0410
etofibrate
etofibrate: analog of clofibrate with nicotinic acid substituted on the 2-carbon of the ethyl ester group; structure; RN given refers to parent cpd		2.0510monocarboxylic acid
fotrin
fotrin: ethyleneamine derivative; antineoplastic; Russian drug; structure		2.0410
sufosfamide
sufosfamide: stronger immunosuppressive activity than cyclophosphamide; structure		2.0410
ebrotidine
ebrotidine: an H2-receptor antagonist and gastric mucosa protector		3.5920sulfonamide
torbafylline
torbafylline: structure given in first source		2.0710
mizolastine
[no description available]		2.0510benzimidazoles
intoplicine
intoplicine: structure in first source		2.0510pyridoindole
pazufloxacin
[no description available]		2.0810quinolines
repaglinide
[no description available]		4.2750piperidines
turosteride
turosteride: a 5alpha-reductase inhibitor; structure given in first source; RN given refers to the (5alpha,17beta)-isomer		1.9910
telmisartan
Telmisartan: A biphenyl compound and benzimidazole derivative that acts as an angiotensin II type 1 receptor antagonist. It is used in the management of HYPERTENSION.. telmisartan : A member of the class of benzimidazoles used widely in the treatment of hypertension.		4.87100benzimidazoles;
biphenyls;
carboxybiphenyl		angiotensin receptor antagonist;
antihypertensive agent;
EC 3.4.15.1 (peptidyl-dipeptidase A) inhibitor;
environmental contaminant;
xenobiotic
trihexyphenidyl hydrochloride
[no description available]		2.4420aralkylamine
thioridazine hydrochloride
[no description available]		2.4420hydrochloridefirst generation antipsychotic;
geroprotector
procainamide hydrochloride
procainamide hydrochloride : A hydrochloride which has procainamide as the amino component.		2.0310hydrochlorideanti-arrhythmia drug
siquil
[no description available]		2.4420hydrochlorideanticoronaviral agent
hexestrol bis(diethylaminoethyl ether)
hexestrol bis(diethylaminoethyl ether): minor descriptor (75-84); on-line & Index Medicus search HEXESTROL/AA (75-84); RN given refers to parent cpd without isomeric designation		2.0510stilbenoid
sotalol hydrochloride
sotalol hydrochloride : A hydrochloride salt that is the monohydrochloride of sotalol. It has both beta-adrenoreceptor blocking (Vaughan Williams Class II) and cardiac action potential duration prolongation (Vaughan Williams Class III) antiarrhythmic properties. It is used (usually as the hydrochloride salt) for the management of ventricular and supraventricular arrhythmias.		2.0310hydrochlorideanti-arrhythmia drug;
beta-adrenergic antagonist
oxymetazoline hydrochloride
oxymetazoline hydrochloride : A hydrochloride salt resulting from the reaction of equimolar quantities of oxymetazoline and hydrogen chloride. A direct-acting sympathomimetic with marked alpha-adrenergic activity, it is a vasoconstrictor that is used to relieve nasal congestion.		2.4420hydrochloridealpha-adrenergic agonist;
nasal decongestant;
sympathomimetic agent;
vasoconstrictor agent
propatyl nitrate
propatyl nitrate: structure given in first source		2.0410nitrate ester
dexfenfluramine
Dexfenfluramine: The S-isomer of FENFLURAMINE. It is a serotonin agonist and is used as an anorectic. Unlike fenfluramine, it does not possess any catecholamine agonist activity.. (S)-fenfluramine : The S-enantiomer of fenfluramine. It stimulates the release of serotonin and selectively inhibits its reuptake, but unlike fenfluramine it does not possess catecholamine agonist activity. It was formerly given by mouth as the hydrochloride in the treatment of obesity, but, like fenfluramine, was withdrawn wolrdwide following reports of valvular heart defects.		2.9640fenfluramineappetite depressant;
serotonergic agonist;
serotonin uptake inhibitor
trenbolone acetate
Trenbolone Acetate: An anabolic steroid used mainly as an anabolic agent in veterinary practice.		3.6590steroid ester
alprenolol hydrochloride
[no description available]		2.4420hydrochloride
iridium radioisotopes
Iridium Radioisotopes: Unstable isotopes of iridium that decay or disintegrate emitting radiation. Ir atoms with atomic weights 182-190, 192, and 194-198 are radioactive iridium isotopes.		2.0510
2-methoxyestradiol
2-methoxy-17beta-estradiol : A 17beta-hydroxy steroid, being 17beta-estradiol methoxylated at C-2.		3.125017beta-hydroxy steroid;
3-hydroxy steroid		angiogenesis modulating agent;
antimitotic;
antineoplastic agent;
human metabolite;
metabolite;
mouse metabolite
sc-11800 ee
SC-11800 EE: contains ethynodiol diacetate & ethinyl estradiol		1.9910
sulfamidochrysoidine
sulfamidochrysoidine: RN given refers to parent cpd; structure. prontosil : A diphenyldiazene compound having two amino substituents at the 2- and 4-positions and an aminosulphonyl substituent at the 4'-position. It was the first antibacterial drug, (introduced 1935) and the first of the sulfonamide antibiotics.		2.0410
synthalin a
synthalin A: RN given refers to parent cpd; structure. synthalin : A hydrochloride resulting from the reaction of decamethylenediguanidine with 2 mol eq. of hydrogen chloride.. synthalin A : A member of the class of guanidines that is decane having guanidino groups at the 1- and 10-positions.		2.4620guanidineshepatotoxic agent;
hypoglycemic agent;
nephrotoxin
fluphenazine hydrochloride
[no description available]		2.4420phenothiazinesanticoronaviral agent
triazoles
Triazoles: Heterocyclic compounds containing a five-membered ring with two carbon atoms and three nitrogen atoms with the molecular formula C2H3N3.. triazoles : An azole in which the five-membered heterocyclic aromatic skeleton contains three N atoms and two C atoms.		5.591601,2,3-triazole
tryptamine monohydrochloride
[no description available]		2.4420
delphinidin
Paraffin: A mixture of solid hydrocarbons obtained from petroleum. It has a wide range of uses including as a stiffening agent in ointments, as a lubricant, and as a topical anti-inflammatory. It is also commonly used as an embedding material in histology.. delphinidin chloride : An anthocyanidin chloride that has delphinidin as the cationic counterpart.		2.0310anthocyanidin chloride
trimethobenzamide monohydrochloride
[no description available]		2.4620
clomipramine hydrochloride
clomipramine hydrochloride : A hydrochloride resulting from the reaction of equimolar amounts of clomipramine and hydrogen chloride. One of the more sedating tricyclic antidepressants, it is used for the treatment of depression as well as obsessive-compulsive disorder and phobias.		2.4420hydrochlorideanticoronaviral agent;
antidepressant;
serotonergic antagonist;
serotonergic drug
amiloride hydrochloride
amiloride hydrochloride dihydrate : A hydrate that is the dihydrate of amiloride hydrochloride.		2.9640hydratediuretic;
sodium channel blocker
prazosin hydrochloride
[no description available]		2.4420hydrochloride
mianserin hydrochloride
mianserin hydrochloride : The hydrochloride salt of mianserin, a tetracyclic compound with antidepressant effects.		2.4420hydrochloridegeroprotector
miconazole nitrate
miconazole nitrate : A racemate composed of equimolar amounts of (R)- and (S)-miconazole nitrate. An antifungal used for the treatment of athlete's foot, jock itch, ringworm and other fungal skin infections. It inhibits the synthesis of ergosterol, a critical component of fungal cell membranes.		2.0810
ibopamine
ibopamine: structure given in UD 31;67a & in 2nd source		2.4520benzoate ester;
phenols
disobutamide
[no description available]		2.0510acetamides
alfatradiol
alfatradiol: used for treating androgenetic alopecia. 17alpha-estradiol : An estradiol that is estra-1,3,5(10)-triene substituted by hydroxy groups at positions 3 and 17 (the 17alpha stereoisomer).		2.051017alpha-hydroxy steroid;
3-hydroxy steroid;
estradiol		estrogen;
geroprotector
econazole nitrate
econazole nitrate : A racemate composed of equimolar amounts of (R)- and (S)-econazole nitrate. Used to treat skin infections such as athlete's foot, jock itch, ringworm and other fungal skin infections.		2.4620
medetomidine
Medetomidine: An agonist of RECEPTORS, ADRENERGIC ALPHA-2 that is used in veterinary medicine for its analgesic and sedative properties. It is the racemate of DEXMEDETOMIDINE.		2.0510imidazoles
sertraline
Sertraline: A selective serotonin uptake inhibitor that is used in the treatment of depression.. sertraline : A member of the class of tetralins that is tetralin which is substituted at positions 1 and 4 by a methylamino and a 3,4-dichlorophenyl group, respectively (the S,S diastereoisomer). A selective serotonin-reuptake inhibitor (SSRI), it is administered orally as the hydrochloride salt as an antidepressant for the treatment of depression, obsessive-compulsive disorder, panic disorder and post-traumatic stress disorder.		4.7790dichlorobenzene;
secondary amino compound;
tetralins		antidepressant;
serotonin uptake inhibitor
lomefloxacin hydrochloride
lomefloxacin hydrochloride : The hydrochloride salt of lomefloxacin. It is administered by mouth to treat bacterial infections including bronchitis and urinary tract infections. It is also used topically as eye drops for the treatment of bacterial conjunctivitis, and as ear drops for the treatment of otitis externa and otitis media.		2.9640hydrochlorideantimicrobial agent;
antitubercular agent;
photosensitizing agent
fenspiride hydrochloride
[no description available]		2.4420
nilverm
[no description available]		2.4420organic molecular entity
sanguinarine chloride
[no description available]		2.7330
picosulfate sodium
picosulfate sodium: contains two active ingredients, sodium picosulfate and magnesium citrate, which are both laxatives; structure		2.0510aryl sulfate;
pyridines
pumitepa
pumitepa: structure; RN given refers to unlabeled cpd		2.0410
ropinirole hydrochloride
[no description available]		2.4420indoles
zoledronic acid
Zoledronic Acid: An imidobisphosphonate inhibitor of BONE RESORPTION that is used for the treatment of malignancy-related HYPERCALCEMIA; OSTEITIS DEFORMANS; and OSTEOPOROSIS.. zoledronic acid : An imidazole compound having a 2,2-bis(phosphono)-2-hydroxyethane-1-yl substituent at the 1-position.		4.26501,1-bis(phosphonic acid);
imidazoles		bone density conservation agent
pirlindole
pirlindole: RN given refers to parent cpd; synonym pyrazidol refers to mono-HCl; structure in Negwer, 5th ed, #2812		2.0510carbazoles
elmustine
elmustine: structure		2.0410
artemisinin
(+)-artemisinin : A sesquiterpene lactone obtained from sweet wormwood, Artemisia annua, which is used as an antimalarial for the treatment of multi-drug resistant strains of falciparum malaria.		2.0810organic peroxide;
sesquiterpene lactone		antimalarial;
plant metabolite
plasmenylserine
plasmenylserine: RN given refers to (L)-isomer. O-phospho-L-serine : The L-enantiomer of O-phosphoserine.. O-phosphoserine : A serine derivative that is serine substituted at the oxygen atom by a phosphono group.		2.0310O-phosphoserineEC 1.4.7.1 [glutamate synthase (ferredoxin)] inhibitor;
EC 2.5.1.49 (O-acetylhomoserine aminocarboxypropyltransferase) inhibitor;
EC 4.3.1.10 (serine-sulfate ammonia-lyase) inhibitor;
Escherichia coli metabolite;
human metabolite;
mouse metabolite;
Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite
brinzolamide
brinzolamide: an antiglaucoma agent		2.0810sulfonamide;
thienothiazine		antiglaucoma drug;
EC 4.2.1.1 (carbonic anhydrase) inhibitor
dienogest
[no description available]		3.793017beta-hydroxy steroid;
3-oxo-Delta(4) steroid;
aliphatic nitrile;
steroid hormone		progesterone receptor agonist;
progestin;
synthetic oral contraceptive
flunoxaprofen
flunoxaprofen: structure given in first source. flunoxaprofen : A monocarboxylic acid that is propionic acid substituted at position 2 by a 2-(4-chlorophenyl)-1,3-benzoxazol-5-yl group (the S-enantiomer). Although it was shown to be effective in treatment of rheumatoid arthritis and osteoarthritis, the clinical use of flunoxaprofen was discontinued due to possible hepatotoxic side-effects.		2.46201,3-benzoxazoles;
monocarboxylic acid;
organofluorine compound		antirheumatic drug;
hepatotoxic agent;
non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug;
protein kinase C agonist
tianeptine
tianeptine: structure given in first source. tianeptine : A racemate comprising of equimolar amounts of (R)- and (S)-tianeptine. It is an atypical antidepressant used in Europe to treat patients who respond poorly to selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs).. 7-[(3-chloro-6-methyl-5,5-dioxido-6,11-dihydrodibenzo[c,f][1,2]thiazepin-11-yl)amino]heptanoic acid : A member of the class of dibenzothiazepines that is 3-chloro-6-methyl-6,11-dihydrodibenzo[c,f][1,2]thiazepine 5,5-dioxide substituted by a (6-carboxyhexyl)amino group at position 11.. (S)-tianeptine : The S-enantiomer of tianeptine.		2.4620dibenzothiazepine;
monocarboxylic acid;
organochlorine compound
drospirenone
drospirenone: a progestational compound with antimineralocorticoid and antiandrogenic activity; structure given in first source		5.75733-oxo-Delta(4) steroid;
steroid lactone		aldosterone antagonist;
contraceptive drug;
progestin
forphenicinol
[no description available]		2.0410
artemether
Artemether: An artemisinin derivative that is used in the treatment of MALARIA.. artemether : An artemisinin derivative that is artemisinin in which the lactone has been converted to the corresponding lactol methyl ether. It is used in combination with lumefantrine as an antimalarial for the treatment of multi-drug resistant strains of falciparum malaria.		2.4720artemisinin derivative;
cyclic acetal;
organic peroxide;
semisynthetic derivative;
sesquiterpenoid		antimalarial
5-aminovaleric acid hydrochloride
[no description available]		2.0310
morphazinamide
morphazinamide: RN given refers to parent cpd; RN in Chemline for mono-HCL: 1473-73-0; structure in Merck Index		2.0510morpholines;
pyrazines;
secondary carboxamide
n-acetyltryptamine
N-acetyltryptamine: antagonizes the melatonin-induced inhibition of dopamine release from retina; RN given refers to parent cpd. N-acetyltryptamine : A tryptamine compound having an acetyl substituent attached to the side-chain amino function.		2.0310acetamides;
indoles
D-serine
[no description available]		2.0310D-alpha-amino acid;
serine zwitterion;
serine		Escherichia coli metabolite;
human metabolite;
NMDA receptor agonist
dipropylacetamide
dipropylacetamide: structure. valpromide : A fatty amide derived from valproic acid.		2.0410fatty amidegeroprotector;
metabolite;
teratogenic agent
acamprosate
Acamprosate: Structural analog of taurine that is used for the prevention of relapse in individuals with ALCOHOLISM.. acamprosate : An organosulfonic acid that is propane-1-sulfonic acid substituted by an acetylamino group at position 3.		3.2310acetamides;
organosulfonic acid		environmental contaminant;
neurotransmitter agent;
xenobiotic
isaxonine
isaxonine: promotes nerve growth		3.5920aminopyrimidine
dihydroergotamine mesylate
dihydroergotamine mesylate : The methanesulfonic acid salt of dihydroergotamine, a semisynthetic ergot alkaloid with weaker oxytocic and vasoconstrictor properties than ergotamine. Both the mesylate and the tartrate salts are used for the treatment of migraine and orthostatic hypotension.		2.4420methanesulfonate saltnon-narcotic analgesic;
serotonergic agonist;
vasoconstrictor agent
enrofloxacin
Enrofloxacin: A fluoroquinolone antibacterial and antimycoplasma agent that is used in veterinary practice.. enrofloxacin : A quinolinemonocarboxylic acid that is 1,4-dihydroquinoline-3-carboxylic acid substituted by an oxo group at position 4, a fluoro group at position 6, a cyclopropyl group at position 1 and a 4-ethylpiperazin-1-yl group at position 7. It is a veterinary antibacterial agent used for the treatment of pets.		2.0710cyclopropanes;
N-alkylpiperazine;
N-arylpiperazine;
organofluorine compound;
quinolinemonocarboxylic acid;
quinolone		antibacterial agent;
antimicrobial agent;
antineoplastic agent
cromakalim
Cromakalim: A potassium-channel opening vasodilator that has been investigated in the management of hypertension. It has also been tried in patients with asthma. (Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p352)		210
6-amino-1-hydroxyhexane-1,1-diphosphonate
6-amino-1-hydroxyhexane-1,1-diphosphonate: used for therapy of Paget's disease of bone & malignant hypercalcaemia		2.05101,1-bis(phosphonic acid)
erythromycin propionate
erythromycin propionate: form in which erythromycin estolate is principally absorbed		2.0210erythromycin derivative
ranolazine hydrochloride
[no description available]		2.4420
nebivolol
2,2'-iminobis[1-(6-fluoro-3,4-dihydro-2H-chromen-2-yl)ethanol] : A member of the class of chromanes that is 2,2'-iminodiethanol in which one hydrogen attached to each hydroxy-bearing carbon is replaced by a 6-fluorochroman-2-yl group.		3.2310chromanes;
diol;
organofluorine compound;
secondary alcohol;
secondary amino compound
uk 68798
[no description available]		4.2850aromatic ether;
sulfonamide;
tertiary amino compound		anti-arrhythmia drug;
potassium channel blocker
hp 873
iloperidone: an atypical, negative symptom antipsychotic agent. iloperidone : A member of the class of piperidines that is the 4-acetyl-2-methoxyphenyl ether of 3-(piperidin-1-yl)propan-1-ol which is substituted at position 4 of the piperidine ring by a 6-fluoro-1,2-benzoxazol-3-yl group. A member of the group of second generation antipsychotics (also known as an atypical antipsychotics), it is used for the treatment of schizophrenia.		3.61201,2-benzoxazoles;
aromatic ether;
aromatic ketone;
methyl ketone;
monoamine;
organofluorine compound;
piperidines;
tertiary amino compound		dopaminergic antagonist;
second generation antipsychotic;
serotonergic antagonist
dexrazoxane
Dexrazoxane: The (+)-enantiomorph of razoxane.		3.8530razoxaneantineoplastic agent;
cardiovascular drug;
chelator;
immunosuppressive agent
loxapine succinate
[no description available]		2.7430succinate saltgeroprotector
guanfacine hydrochloride
[no description available]		2.4420acetamidesgeroprotector
pirenzepine dihydrochloride
[no description available]		2.0310hydrochloride
labetalol hydrochloride
[no description available]		2.4420salicylamides
acecainide hydrochloride
[no description available]		2.0310
loperamide hydrochloride
loperamide hydrochloride : A hydrochloride obtained by combining loperamide with one equivalent of hydrochloric acid. Used for treatment of diarrhoea resulting from gastroenteritis or inflammatory bowel disease.		2.9640hydrochlorideanticoronaviral agent;
antidiarrhoeal drug;
mu-opioid receptor agonist
fenoxypropazine
[no description available]		3.5920aromatic ether
antebate
betamethasone butyrate propionate: a topical corticosteroid		2.0210corticosteroid hormone
maprotiline hydrochloride
[no description available]		2.4420anthracenes
protoporphyrin ix, disodium salt
[no description available]		2.0310
opipramol hydrochloride
[no description available]		2.0510
voriconazole
Voriconazole: A triazole antifungal agent that specifically inhibits STEROL 14-ALPHA-DEMETHYLASE and CYTOCHROME P-450 CYP3A.. voriconazole : A triazole-based antifungal agent used for the treatment of esophageal candidiasis, invasive pulmonary aspergillosis, and serious fungal infections caused by Scedosporium apiospermum and Fusarium spp. It is an inhibitor of cytochrome P450 2C9 (CYP2C9) and CYP3A4.		3.8730conazole antifungal drug;
difluorobenzene;
pyrimidines;
tertiary alcohol;
triazole antifungal drug		P450 inhibitor
inproquone
inproquone: major descriptor (78-80); replaced major descriptor Bayer E39 (63-77); on-line search AZIRINES (66-80); Index Medicus search Bayer E39 (63-77), INPROQUONE (78-80)		2.0410
betamipron
[no description available]		2.4720organonitrogen compound;
organooxygen compound
rexigen
clobenzorex: RN given refers to (+)-isomer; structure		2.0510
mepindolol
mepindolol: 2-methyl deriv of pindolol; RN given refers to parent cpd; structure		2.0710indoles
fpl 52791
FPL 52791: also has anti-allergic properties; related to sodium cromoglycate; structure		2.0710
bufuralol
bufuralol: RN given refers to cpd without isomeric designation; structure		2.4820benzofurans
uroxatral
[no description available]		2.0810hydrochloride
aceclofenac
[no description available]		3.8730amino acid;
carboxylic ester;
dichlorobenzene;
monocarboxylic acid;
secondary amino compound		EC 1.14.99.1 (prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase) inhibitor;
non-narcotic analgesic;
non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug
clociguanil
clociguanil: RN given refers to parent cpd; structure		2.4620
nitrefazole
[no description available]		3.5920imidazoles
tebuquine
[no description available]		2.0510
epanolol
epanolol: structure given in first source		2.0710acetamides
cyclobutyrol
cyclobutyrol: RN given refers to parent cpd; structure. cyclobutyrol : A hydroxy monocarboxylic acid in which the hydroxy group is geminal to a 1-carboxypropyl group on a cyclohexane ring.		2.0510hydroxy monocarboxylic acidbile therapy drug
thiocolchicoside
[no description available]		2.0810glycoside
terlipressin
terlivaz: first FDA approved injection to improve kidney function in adults with hepatorenal syndrome (HRS) with rapid reduction in kidney function.		2.0510polypeptide
siguazodan
[no description available]		2.0310pyridazinone
ubenimex
ubenimex: growth inhibitor		2.0710
3-octadecanamido-2-ethoxypropylphosphocholine
3-octadecanamido-2-ethoxypropylphosphocholine: anti-HIV agent; RN & structure given in first source		2.0310
methotrimeprazine
Methotrimeprazine: A phenothiazine with pharmacological activity similar to that of both CHLORPROMAZINE and PROMETHAZINE. It has the histamine-antagonist properties of the antihistamines together with CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM effects resembling those of chlorpromazine. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p604). methotrimeprazine : A member of the class of phenothiazines that is 10H-phenothiazine substituted by a (2R)-3-(dimethylamino)-2-methylpropyl group and a methoxy group at positions 10 and 2 respectively.		2.0710phenothiazines;
tertiary amine		anticoronaviral agent;
cholinergic antagonist;
dopaminergic antagonist;
EC 3.4.21.26 (prolyl oligopeptidase) inhibitor;
non-narcotic analgesic;
phenothiazine antipsychotic drug;
serotonergic antagonist
isoflavone
[no description available]		2.0510isoflavones
chelerythrine chloride
[no description available]		2.7330
clevudine
[no description available]		2.0510
gentamicin c1
[no description available]		2.0510
grepafloxacin
grepafloxacin: structure in first source		2.4620fluoroquinolone antibiotic;
quinolines;
quinolone antibiotic
2-(4'-methylpiperazino-1-methyl)-1,3-diazafluoranthene 1-oxide
2-(4'-methylpiperazino-1-methyl)-1,3-diazafluoranthene 1-oxide: structure		2.0510
neplanocin a
neplanocin A: neplanocins are antitumor antibiotics & carbocyclic analogs of purine nucleosides from Ampullarilla regularis A11079; see also neplanocin B, neplanocin C, neplanocin D & neplanocin F; structure in first source; a potent inhibitor of S-adenosylhomocysteine hydrolase		2.0410
tetrandrine
tetrandrine: a bisbenzylisoquinoline that exhibits antifibrogenic activity		2.0510bisbenzylisoquinoline alkaloid;
isoquinolines
tosyllysine chloromethyl ketone
[no description available]		2.4420
doripenem
Doripenem: A carbapenem derivative antibacterial agent that is more stable to renal dehydropeptidase I than IMIPENEM, but does not need to be given with an enzyme inhibitor such as CILASTATIN. It is used in the treatment of infections such as HOSPITAL-ACQUIRED PNEUMONIA, and complicated intra-abdominal or urinary-tract infections, including PYELONEPHRITIS.		3.6120carbapenems
5-(n-methyl-n-isobutyl)amiloride
5-(N-methyl-N-isobutyl)amiloride: inhibitor of the Na+-H+ antiporter		2.4420
1-(5-isoquinolinesulfonyl)-2-methylpiperazine dihydrochloride
1-(5-isoquinolinesulfonyl)-2-methylpiperazine dihydrochloride : A hydrochloride salt prepared from anileridine and two molar equivalents of hydrogen chloride.		2.4420hydrochlorideEC 2.7.11.13 (protein kinase C) inhibitor
amperozide hydrochloride
amperozide hydrochloride : The hydrochloride salt of amperozide.		2.4420hydrochlorideanxiolytic drug;
dopamine uptake inhibitor;
geroprotector;
second generation antipsychotic;
serotonergic antagonist
pyrrolidine dithiocarbamic acid
[no description available]		2.4420
agroclavine
agroclavine: structure. agroclavine : An ergot alkaloid that is ergoline which contains a double bond between positions 8 and 9, and which is substituted by methyl groups at positions 6 and 8.		2.0310ergot alkaloid
prochloraz
Mirage: a feldspathic porcelain that can be etched & bonded to the tooth. prochloraz : A member of the class of ureas that is 1H-imidazole-1-carboxamide substituted by a propyl and a 2-(2,4,6-trichlorophenoxy)ethyl group at the amino nitrogen atom. A fungicide active against a wide range of diseases affecting field crops, fruit, turf and vegetables.		4.0640amide fungicide;
aromatic ether;
conazole fungicide;
imidazole fungicide;
imidazoles;
trichlorobenzene;
ureas		antifungal agrochemical;
EC 1.14.13.70 (sterol 14alpha-demethylase) inhibitor;
environmental contaminant;
xenobiotic
2-naphthylisothiocyanate
[no description available]		2.4620
atovaquone
Atovaquone: A hydroxynaphthoquinone that has antimicrobial activity and is being used in antimalarial protocols.. atovaquone : A naphthoquinone compound having a 4-(4-chlorophenyl)cyclohexyl group at the 2-position and a hydroxy substituent at the 3-position.		3.8530hydroxy-1,2-naphthoquinone
s-methylisothiourea sulfate
[no description available]		2.0310
p-Aminobenzamidine dihydrochloride
[no description available]		2.4420organic molecular entity
2,2-bis(4-hydroxyphenyl)-1,1,1-trichloroethane
2,2-bis(4-hydroxyphenyl)-1,1,1-trichloroethane: methoxychlor metabolite		2.7130bisphenol
1-ethoxysilatrane
[no description available]		2.0410
rivastigmine
[no description available]		3.2310carbamate ester;
tertiary amino compound		cholinergic drug;
EC 3.1.1.8 (cholinesterase) inhibitor;
neuroprotective agent
frovatriptan
[no description available]		3.2310carbazoles
eletriptan
eletriptan: 5-HT(1B/1D) receptor agonist; structure in first source. eletriptan : An N-alkylpyrrolidine, that is N-methylpyrrolidine in which the pro-R hydrogen at position 2 is replaced by a {5-[2-(phenylsulfonyl)ethyl]-1H-indol-3-yl}methyl group.		3.620indoles;
N-alkylpyrrolidine;
sulfone		non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug;
serotonergic agonist;
vasoconstrictor agent
rosiglitazone
[no description available]		6190aminopyridine;
thiazolidinediones		EC 6.2.1.3 (long-chain-fatty-acid--CoA ligase) inhibitor;
ferroptosis inhibitor;
insulin-sensitizing drug
tamiflu
[no description available]		2.0810phosphate salt
methyl 2,4-dihydroxy-3,6-dimethyl benzoate
atraric acid: structure in first source; from the stem barks of Newbouldia laevis		2.05104-hydroxybenzoate ester
benzamidine hydrochloride
[no description available]		2.0310
cryptolepine
cryptolepine: fused indole-quinoline; structure in first source; from CRYPTOLEPIS sanguinolenta. cryptolepine : An organic heterotetracyclic compound that is 5H-indolo[3,2-b]quinoline in which the hydrogen at position N-5 is replaced by a methyl group.		2.0510indole alkaloid;
organic heterotetracyclic compound;
organonitrogen heterocyclic compound		anti-inflammatory agent;
antimalarial;
antineoplastic agent;
cysteine protease inhibitor;
plant metabolite
bexarotene
[no description available]		3.6120benzoic acids;
naphthalenes;
retinoid		antineoplastic agent
s20098
[no description available]		2.0810acetamides
flunisolide
flunisolide: flunisolide HFA is a formulation of flunisolide using hydrofluoroalkane (HFA) as propellant in place of chlorofluorocarbon (CFC) ones		2.743011beta-hydroxy steroid;
20-oxo steroid;
21-hydroxy steroid;
3-oxo-Delta(1),Delta(4)-steroid;
cyclic ketal;
fluorinated steroid;
primary alpha-hydroxy ketone		anti-asthmatic drug;
anti-inflammatory drug;
immunosuppressive agent
4-nitrophenylglucuronide
4-nitrophenyl beta-D-glucuronide : A beta-D-glucosiduronic acid having a 4-nitrophenyl substituent at the anomeric position.		2.0410beta-D-glucosiduronic acid;
C-nitro compound		chromogenic compound
chloroquine diphosphate
[no description available]		2.4620
orphenadrine citrate
orphenadrine citrate : A citrate salt which comprises equimolar amounts of orphenadrine and citric acid.		2.4620citrate saltH1-receptor antagonist;
muscarinic antagonist;
muscle relaxant;
NMDA receptor antagonist;
parasympatholytic
chloramphenicol 3-acetate
chloramphenicol 3-acetate: inactive metabolite of chloramphenicol		2.0110acetate ester
acetaminophen glucuronide
acetaminophen glucuronide: acetaminophen metabolite in rats. acetaminophen O-beta-D-glucosiduronic acid : A beta-D-glucosiduronic acid that is the O-glucuronide of paracetamol (acetaminophen).		2.0410beta-D-glucosiduronic aciddrug metabolite
ketorolac tromethamine
Ketorolac Tromethamine: A pyrrolizine carboxylic acid derivative structurally related to INDOMETHACIN. It is a non-steroidal anti-inflammatory agent used for analgesia for postoperative pain and inhibits cyclooxygenase activity.. ketorolac tromethamine : An organoammonium salt resulting from the mixture of equimolar amounts of ketorolac and tromethamine (tris). It has potent non-sedating analgesic and moderate anti-inflammatory effects. It is used in the short-term management of post-operative pain, and in eye drops to relieve the ocular itching associated with seasonal allergic conjunctivitis.		2.9740organoammonium saltanalgesic;
cyclooxygenase 1 inhibitor;
cyclooxygenase 2 inhibitor
clarithromycin
Clarithromycin: A semisynthetic macrolide antibiotic derived from ERYTHROMYCIN that is active against a variety of microorganisms. It can inhibit PROTEIN SYNTHESIS in BACTERIA by reversibly binding to the 50S ribosomal subunits. This inhibits the translocation of aminoacyl transfer-RNA and prevents peptide chain elongation.. clarithromycin : The 6-O-methyl ether of erythromycin A, clarithromycin is a macrolide antibiotic used in the treatment of respiratory-tract, skin and soft-tissue infections. It is also used to eradicate Helicobacter pylori in the treatment of peptic ulcer disease. It prevents bacteria from growing by interfering with their protein synthesis.		4.87100macrolide antibioticantibacterial drug;
environmental contaminant;
protein synthesis inhibitor;
xenobiotic
tebuconazole
Lynx: A genus in the family FELIDAE comprising felines with long legs, ear tufts, and a short tail.. 1-(4-chlorophenyl)-4,4-dimethyl-3-(1H-1,2,4-triazol-1-ylmethyl)pentan-3-ol : A tertiary alcohol that is pentan-3-ol substituted by a 4-chlorophenyl, methyl, methyl, and a 1H-1,2,4-triazol-1-ylmethyl at positions 1, 4, 4 and 3 respectively.. tebuconazole : A racemate composed of equimolar amounts of (R)- and (S)-tebuconazole. A fungicide effective against various smut and bunt diseases in cereals and other field crops.		2.0510monochlorobenzenes;
tertiary alcohol;
triazoles
methionine sulfoximine
L-methionine sulfoximine : A methionine sulfoximine in which the amino group has S-stereochemistry.		2.0310L-alpha-amino acid zwitterion;
L-methionine derivative;
methionine sulfoximine;
non-proteinogenic L-alpha-amino acid		EC 6.3.1.2 (glutamate--ammonia ligase) inhibitor;
geroprotector
tretazicar
tretazicar: minor descriptor (75-84); on-line & Index Medicus search AZIRIDINES (75-84)		2.4420
nicotine
(S)-nicotine : A 3-(1-methylpyrrolidin-2-yl)pyridine in which the chiral centre has S-configuration. The naturally occurring and most active enantiomer of nicotine, isolated from Nicotiana tabacum.		3.55803-(1-methylpyrrolidin-2-yl)pyridineanxiolytic drug;
biomarker;
immunomodulator;
mitogen;
neurotoxin;
nicotinic acetylcholine receptor agonist;
peripheral nervous system drug;
phytogenic insecticide;
plant metabolite;
psychotropic drug;
teratogenic agent;
xenobiotic
nsc-172755
butocin: S-substituted analog of mercaptopurine which functions as a cytostatic agent; minor descriptor (75-85); on-line search 6-MERCAPTOPURINE/AA (75-84); Index Medicus search MERCAPTOPURINE/analogs (75-84)		2.0410
carbetapentane citrate
[no description available]		2.4420carbonyl compound
n-(3,5-dichlorophenyl)succinimide
N-(3,5-dichlorophenyl)succinimide: nephrotoxic; post-treatment enhanced induction of renal cell tumors in rats by dimethylnitrosamine, pre-treatment inhibited induction of tumors, & alone caused interstitial nephritis but no tumors		2.7330pyrrolidines
cinchonine
[no description available]		2.0510(8xi)-cinchonan-9-ol;
cinchona alkaloid		metabolite
moexipril
[no description available]		3.5620peptide
phentolamine mesylate
[no description available]		2.9640
17-alpha-hydroxypregnenolone
17-alpha-Hydroxypregnenolone: A 21-carbon steroid that is converted from PREGNENOLONE by STEROID 17-ALPHA-HYDROXYLASE. It is an intermediate in the delta-5 pathway of biosynthesis of GONADAL STEROID HORMONES and the adrenal CORTICOSTEROIDS.. 17alpha-hydroxypregnenolone : A hydroxypregnenolone carrying an alpha-hydroxy group at position 17.		2.051017alpha-hydroxy-C21-steroid;
17alpha-hydroxy steroid;
3beta-hydroxy-Delta(5)-steroid;
hydroxypregnenolone;
tertiary alpha-hydroxy ketone		human metabolite;
mouse metabolite
streptovitacin a
streptovitacin A: structure		2.0410
equol
Equol: A non-steroidal ESTROGEN generated when soybean products are metabolized by certain bacteria in the intestines.		2.4920hydroxyisoflavans
mephentermine
sphinganine : A 2-aminooctadecane-1,3-diol having (2S,3R)-configuration.		2.44202-aminooctadecane-1,3-diolEC 2.7.11.13 (protein kinase C) inhibitor;
human metabolite;
mouse metabolite
oxybutynin hydrochloride
[no description available]		2.9640hydrochloride
alpha,beta-methyleneadenosine 5'-triphosphate
alpha,beta-methyleneadenosine 5'-triphosphate: do not confuse with beta,gamma-methylene ATP; RN given refers to parent cpd		1.9810nucleoside triphosphate analogue
4-hydroxypropranolol
4-hydroxypropranolol: metabolite of propanolol; RN given refers to parent cpd without isomeric designation		2.0810naphthols
1-cyano-2-hydroxy-3-butene
[no description available]		2.0510secondary alcohol
gliquidone
gliquidone: structure; RN given refers to parent cpd		2.0810isoquinolines
hydroxyflutamide
[no description available]		12.562405
nimustine
nimustine hydrochloride : A hydrochloride obtained by combining nimustine with one equivalent of hydrochloric acid. An antineoplastic agent especially effective against malignant brain tumors.		2.0310hydrochlorideantineoplastic agent
cordium
bepridil hydrochloride monohydrate : The hydrochloride monohydrate of bepridril.		2.7430hydrate;
hydrochloride
L-2-aminoadipic acid
L-2-aminoadipic acid : The L-enantiomer of 2-aminoadipic acid.		2.03102-aminoadipic acidEscherichia coli metabolite;
human metabolite
prilocaine hydrochloride
prilocaine hydrochloride : The monohydrochloride salt of prilocaine.		2.4420hydrochloridelocal anaesthetic
n-hexadecyl-n,n-dimethyl-3-ammonio-1-propanesulfonate
[no description available]		2.0510
cb 10375
trimelamol: structure given in first source		2.0410
mor-14
N-methyldeoxynojirimycin: glucosidase inhibitor		2.0310hydroxypiperidine;
piperidine alkaloid;
tertiary amino compound		anti-HIV agent;
cardioprotective agent;
EC 3.2.1.20 (alpha-glucosidase) inhibitor;
plant metabolite
mci 9038
[no description available]		3.2310peptide
lopinavir
[no description available]		3.1650amphetamines;
dicarboxylic acid diamide		anticoronaviral agent;
antiviral drug;
HIV protease inhibitor
allotetrahydrocortisol
allotetrahydrocortisol: RN given refers to (3alpha,5alpha,11beta)-isomer		1.9510corticosteroid hormone
brexanolone
brexanolone: a mixture of allopregnanolone and sulfobutylether‐beta‐cyclodextrin for treatment of postpartum depression. brexanolone : A 3-hydroxy-5alpha-pregnan-20-one in which the hydroxy group at position 3 has alpha-configuration. It is a metabolite of the sex hormone progesterone and used for the treatment of postpartum depression in women.		2.44203-hydroxy-5alpha-pregnan-20-oneantidepressant;
GABA modulator;
human metabolite;
intravenous anaesthetic;
sedative
5-alpha-dihydroprogesterone
5-alpha-Dihydroprogesterone: A biologically active 5-alpha-reduced metabolite of plasma PROGESTERONE. It is the immediate precursor of 5-alpha-pregnan-3-alpha-ol-20-one (ALLOPREGNANOLONE), a neuroactive steroid that binds with GABA(A) RECEPTOR.. 5alpha-pregnane-3,20-dione : A C21-steroid hormone that is 5alpha-pregnane substituted by oxo groups at positions 3 and 20. It is a metabolite of progestrone.		2.432020-oxo steroid;
3-oxo-5alpha-steroid;
C21-steroid hormone		human metabolite;
progestogen
19-norandrostenedione
19-norandrostenedione: structure		1.97103-oxo steroid
6-alpha-methyl-progesterone
6-alpha-methyl-progesterone: a synthetic derivative of PROGESTERONE; with anti-androgenic & synandrogenic activity		1.9610corticosteroid hormone
firefly luciferin
Firefly Luciferin: A benzothaizole which is oxidized by LUCIFERASES, FIREFLY to cause emission of light (LUMINESCENCE).. Photinus luciferin : A 1,3-thiazolemonocarboxylic acid consisting of 3,5-dihydrothiophene-4-carboxylic acid having a 6-hydroxybenzothiazol-2-yl group at the 2-position.		2.02101,3-thiazolemonocarboxylic acid;
benzothiazoles;
imidothioate		luciferin
carbenicillin indanyl
carbenicillin indanyl: acid stable indanyl ester of carbenicillin for oral use; same side-effects as carbenicillin; minor descriptor (75-86); on line & INDEX MEDICUS search CARBENICILLIN/AA (75-86); RN given refers to (mono-Na salt(2S-(2alpha,5alpha,6beta))-isomer)		2.0410penicillin
phenylisopropyladenosine
[no description available]		2.0310aromatic amine;
benzenes;
hydrocarbyladenosine;
purine nucleoside;
secondary amino compound		adenosine A1 receptor agonist;
neuroprotective agent
levcromakalim
[no description available]		2.07101-benzopyran
hexamethonium chloride
[no description available]		2.0310
glucuronic acid
Glucuronic Acid: A sugar acid formed by the oxidation of the C-6 carbon of GLUCOSE. In addition to being a key intermediate metabolite of the uronic acid pathway, glucuronic acid also plays a role in the detoxification of certain drugs and toxins by conjugating with them to form GLUCURONIDES.. D-glucuronic acid : The D-enantiomer of glucuronic acid.. D-glucopyranuronic acid : A D-glucuronic acid in cyclic pyranose form.		2.1110D-glucuronic acidalgal metabolite
cb 1837
CB 1837: RN given refers to parent cpd; structure		2.0410
3-trifluoromethyl-4-nitroanilide
3-trifluoromethyl-4-nitroanilide: major metabolite of flutamide		1.9710
desethylchloroquine
desethylchloroquine: metabolite of chloroquine		2.0510aminoquinoline
6-(4-nitrobenzylthio)guanosine
6-(4-nitrobenzylthio)guanosine: inhibitor of nucleoside transport		2.4420
hexaphosphamide
hexaphosphamide: structure		2.0410
dipin
dipin: structure		2.0410
phosphazine
phosphazine: structure		2.0410
3-aminopropylphosphonic acid
3-aminopropylphosphonic acid: RN given refers to parent cpd; structure. (3-aminopropyl)phosphonic acid : A phosphonic acid in which the hydrogen attached to the phosphorus of phosphonic acid is substituted by a 3-aminopropyl group. It is a partial agonist of GABAB receptors.		2.0310phosphonic acids;
primary amino compound;
zwitterion		GABAB receptor agonist
5'-n-methylcarboxamideadenosine
5'-N-methylcarboxamideadenosine: RN given refers to (beta-D)-isomer		2.0310
diiodobenzotepa
diiodobenzotepa: structure		2.0410
etienic acid
etienic acid: InChIKey: YQACAXHKQZCEOI-UDCWSGSHSA-N		1.9510
3,7-dimethyl-1-propargylxanthine
3,7-dimethyl-1-propargylxanthine: potent & selective in vivo antagonist of adenosine analogs		2.0310
zpck
ZPCK: alkylates histidine residue at active center of bovine chymotrypsin		2.4420
icig 1163
ICIG 1163: RN given refers to parent cpd; structure in first source		2.0410
wr 159412
[no description available]		2.0510
bimolane
bimolane: structure given in first source		2.0410
thiodipin
thiodipin: structure		2.0410
n(6)-phenyladenosine
[no description available]		2.0310purine nucleoside
fluoxydine
fluoxydine: structure		2.0410
moxifloxacin hydrochloride
moxifloxacin hydrochloride : A hydrochloride comprising equimolar amounts of moxifloxacin and hydrogen chloride.		2.0810hydrochlorideantibacterial drug
cinchonidine
cinchonidine: has antimalarial activity; diastereoisomer of cinchonine with distinct physiochemical properties; RN given refers to parent cpd(8alpha,9R)-isomer. cinchonidine : 8-epi-Cinchonan in which a hydrogen at position 9 is substituted by hydroxy (R configuration). A diasteroisomer of cinchonine, it occurs in the bark of most varieties of Cinchona shrubs, and is frequently used for directing chirality in asymmetric synthesis.		2.0510(8xi)-cinchonan-9-ol;
cinchona alkaloid		metabolite
tetrahydrodeoxycorticosterone
tetrahydrodeoxycorticosterone: RN given refers to (3alpha,5beta)-isomer		2.442021-hydroxy steroid
imiphos
imiphos: structure		2.0410
1,3,5,(10),16-estratetraen-3-ol
16-estratetraen-3-ol : A 3-hydroxy steroid that is obtained by formal dehydration at the 17-position of estradiol.		2.05103-hydroxy steroid
n-methyladenosine
N-methyladenosine: is a inhibitor of cell differentiation. N(6)-methyladenosine : A methyladenosine compound with one methyl group attached to N(6) of the adenine nucleobase.		2.0310methyladenosine
benzyloxyamine
benzyloxyamine: RN given refers to parent cpd		2.0510
hexylcaine hydrochloride
[no description available]		2.0710
cobalt
Cobalt: A trace element that is a component of vitamin B12. It has the atomic symbol Co, atomic number 27, and atomic weight 58.93. It is used in nuclear weapons, alloys, and pigments. Deficiency in animals leads to anemia; its excess in humans can lead to erythrocytosis.. cobalt(1+) : A monovalent inorganic cation obtained from cobalt.. cobalt atom : A cobalt group element atom that has atomic number 27.		2.0210cobalt group element atom;
metal allergen		micronutrient
fulvestrant
Fulvestrant: An estradiol derivative and estrogen receptor antagonist that is used for the treatment of estrogen receptor-positive, locally advanced or metastatic breast cancer.. fulvestrant : A 3-hydroxy steroid that is 17beta-estradiol in which the 7alpha hydrogen has been replaced by a nonyl group in which one of the hydrogens of the terminal methyl has been replaced by a (4,4,5,5,5-pentafluoropentyl)sulfinyl group. An estrogen receptor antagonist, it is used in the treatment of breast cancer.		8.7430217beta-hydroxy steroid;
3-hydroxy steroid;
organofluorine compound;
sulfoxide		antineoplastic agent;
estrogen antagonist;
estrogen receptor antagonist
uftoral
UFT(R) drug: a drug containing tegafur and uracil; a biochemical modulator of 5-fluorouracil; used for postoperative chemotherapy of colon cancer; reported to cause severe liver injury; do not confuse with 1-UFT protocol		3.110
hydrogen sulfite
[no description available]		2.1110sulfur oxoanionhuman metabolite;
mouse metabolite;
Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite
mizoribine
[no description available]		2.4620imidazolesanticoronaviral agent
1-amino-1,3-dicarboxycyclopentane
1-amino-1,3-dicarboxycyclopentane: RN given refers to (cis)-isomer		2.0310
ici 164384
ICI 164384: structure given in first source. ICI-164384 : A 3-hydroxy steroid that is 17beta-estradiol substituted by a 11-[butyl(methyl)amino]-11-oxoundecyl group at position 7R. It is a steroidal antioestrogen that inhibits the cell proliferation of breast-carcinoma cell lines.		2.412017beta-hydroxy steroid;
3-hydroxy steroid;
tertiary carboxamide		anti-estrogen;
antineoplastic agent;
estrogen receptor antagonist
u 73122
1-(6-((3-methoxyestra-1,3,5(10)-trien-17-yl)amino)hexyl)-1H-pyrrole-2,5-dione: structure given in first source. U-73122 : An aza-steroid that is 3-O-methyl-17beta-estradiol in which the 17beta-hydroxy group is replaced by a 6-(maleimid-1-yl)hexylamino group. An inibitor of phospholipase C.		2.7230aromatic ether;
aza-steroid;
maleimides		EC 3.1.4.11 (phosphoinositide phospholipase C) inhibitor
arginyl-glycyl-aspartic acid
arginyl-glycyl-aspartic acid: amino acid sequence of basic unit of widespread cellular recognition system		2.0510oligopeptide
1,4-dihydropyridine
[no description available]		2.0510
imipenem, anhydrous
Imipenem: Semisynthetic thienamycin that has a wide spectrum of antibacterial activity against gram-negative and gram-positive aerobic and anaerobic bacteria, including many multiresistant strains. It is stable to beta-lactamases. Clinical studies have demonstrated high efficacy in the treatment of infections of various body systems. Its effectiveness is enhanced when it is administered in combination with CILASTATIN, a renal dipeptidase inhibitor.. imipenem : A broad-spectrum, intravenous beta-lactam antibiotic of the carbapenem subgroup.		2.0710beta-lactam antibiotic allergen;
carbapenems;
zwitterion		antibacterial drug
alphaxalone
alphaxalone: RN given refers to (3alpha,5alpha)-isomer; structure		2.0310corticosteroid hormone
sr141716
[no description available]		2.7630amidopiperidine;
carbohydrazide;
dichlorobenzene;
monochlorobenzenes;
pyrazoles		anti-obesity agent;
appetite depressant;
CB1 receptor antagonist
s-nitrosoglutathione
[no description available]		2.0310glutathione derivative;
nitrosothio compound		bronchodilator agent;
nitric oxide donor;
platelet aggregation inhibitor;
signalling molecule
bosentan anhydrous
Bosentan: A sulfonamide and pyrimidine derivative that acts as a dual endothelin receptor antagonist used to manage PULMONARY HYPERTENSION and SYSTEMIC SCLEROSIS.		5.05120primary alcohol;
pyrimidines;
sulfonamide		antihypertensive agent;
endothelin receptor antagonist
androsta-1,4,6-triene-3,17-dione
androsta-1,4,6-triene-3,17-dione: blocks aromatization of testosterone to estradiol; aromatase antagonist. androsta-1,4,6-triene-3,17-dione : An androstanoid that is androsta-1,4,6-triene substituted by oxo groups at positions 3 and 17.		4.0114017-oxo steroid;
3-oxo-Delta(1),Delta(4)-steroid;
androstanoid		EC 1.14.14.14 (aromatase) inhibitor;
human xenobiotic metabolite
cp-55,940
[no description available]		2.4420
vanoxerine
vanoxerine dihydrochloride : A hydrochloride salt that is obtained by reaction of vanoxerine with two equivalents of hydrogen chloride. Potent, competitive inhibitor of dopamine uptake (Ki = 1 nM for inhibition of striatal dopamine uptake). Has > 100-fold lower affinity for the noradrenalin and 5-HT uptake carriers. Also a potent sigma ligand (IC50 = 48 nM). Centrally active following systemic administration.		2.4420hydrochloridedopamine uptake inhibitor
1-(2-(3-(4-methoxyphenyl)propoxy)-4-methoxyphenylethyl)-1h-imidazole
1-(2-(3-(4-methoxyphenyl)propoxy)-4-methoxyphenylethyl)-1H-imidazole: inhibits platelet aggregation & Ca2+ entry into platelets. SKF-96365 free base : An ether that is 2-(1H-imidazol-1-yl)-1-(4-methoxyphenyl)ethanol in which the hydrogen of the hydroxy group has been substituted by a 3-(4-methoxyphenyl)propyl group.		2.0510ether;
imidazoles;
monomethoxybenzene		TRP channel blocker
fluo-3
Fluo-3: fluorescent Ca(2+) indicator; permits continuous monitoring of Ca without interference with use of UV-sensitive caged compounds		2.4620xanthene dyefluorochrome
methyl 6,7-dimethoxy-4-ethyl-beta-carboline-3-carboxylate
methyl 6,7-dimethoxy-4-ethyl-beta-carboline-3-carboxylate: structure given in first source		2.4420beta-carbolines
fpl 55712
FPL 55712: inhibitor of SRS-A and LTC4 and LTD4 receptors		2.0710aromatic ketone
selenomethionine
[no description available]		2.0510amino acid zwitterion;
selenomethionine		plant metabolite
pyridinoline
pyridinoline: 3-hydroxypyridinium derivative collagen crosslink; structure		2.0110organonitrogen compound;
organooxygen compound
deoxypyridinoline
deoxypyridinoline: structure given in first source		2.4120
u 69593
U 69593: selective ligand for opioid K-receptor. U69593 : A monocarboxylic acid amide obtained by formal condensation between the carboxy group of phenylacetic acid and the secodary amino group of (5R,7S,8S)-N-methyl-7-(pyrrolidin-1-yl)-1-oxaspiro[4.5]decan-8-amine.		2.4420monocarboxylic acid amide;
N-alkylpyrrolidine;
organic heterobicyclic compound;
oxaspiro compound		anti-inflammatory agent;
diuretic;
kappa-opioid receptor agonist
u 78517f
U 78517F: iron-catalyzed lipid peroxidation inhibitor; structure given in first source; RN given is for diHCl		2.0510
cv 3988
CV 3988: platelet activating factor antagonist; structure given in first source		2.4420
cyproterone acetate, ethinyl estradiol drug combination
[no description available]		8.5374
beta-carboline-3-carboxylic acid methyl ester
beta-carboline-3-carboxylic acid methyl ester: structure given in first source		2.4420beta-carbolines
sivelestat
sivelestat: inhibitor of neutrophil elastase; structure given in first source		2.0710N-acylglycine;
pivalate ester
aldophosphamide
aldophosphamide: metabolite of cyclophosphamide		2.0410nitrogen mustard
racecadotril
racecadotril: parenterally active enkephalinase inhibitor		2.0810N-acyl-amino acid
methoctramine
methoctramine: structure given in first source. methoctramine : A tetramine that is N,N'-bis(6-aminohexyl)octane-1,8-diamine where the primary amino groups both carry 2-methoxybenzyl substituents.. methoctramine tetrahydrochloride : A hydrochloride obtained by combining methoctramine with four molar equivalents of hydrochloric acid.		2.4420hydrochloridemuscarinic antagonist
pyronaridine
[no description available]		2.0510aminoquinoline
perindopril
Perindopril: An angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor. It is used in patients with hypertension and heart failure.. perindopril : An alpha-amino acid ester that is the ethyl ester of N-{(2S)-1-[(2S,3aS,7aS)-2-carboxyoctahydro-1H-indol-1-yl]-1-oxopropan-2-yl}-L-norvaline		3.8630alpha-amino acid ester;
dicarboxylic acid monoester;
ethyl ester;
organic heterobicyclic compound		antihypertensive agent;
EC 3.4.15.1 (peptidyl-dipeptidase A) inhibitor
hypotaurine
[no description available]		2.0310aminosulfinic acid;
zwitterion		human metabolite;
metabolite;
mouse metabolite
dihydrokainate
[no description available]		2.0310dicarboxylic acid
n-monodemethyldiltiazem
N-monodemethyldiltiazem: RN given refers to (cis)-isomer; structure given in first source		2.0810benzothiazepine
gabazine
[no description available]		2.0310
cl 218872
CL 218872: shows specific action on benzodiazepine receptors; structure		2.0310pyridazines;
ring assembly
betaxolol hydrochloride
betaxolol hydrochloride : The hydrochloride salt of betaxolol.		2.4420hydrochlorideantihypertensive agent;
beta-adrenergic antagonist
catechin
(+)-catechin monohydrate : The monohydrate of (+)-catechin.		2.0310hydrategeroprotector
1-(2-methoxyphenyl)-4-(4-(2-phthalimido)butyl)piperazine
NAN 190 hydrobromide : A hydrobromide obtained by reaction of NAN 190 with one equivalent of hydrobromic acid.		2.4420hydrobromideserotonergic antagonist
s-methylthiocitrulline
S-methylthiocitrulline: a nitric oxide synthase inhibitor; structure in first source. S-methyl-L-thiocitrulline : An L-arginine derivative in which the guanidino NH2 group of L-arginine is replaced by a methylsufanyl group.		2.0310imidothiocarbamic ester;
L-arginine derivative;
L-ornithine derivative;
non-proteinogenic L-alpha-amino acid		EC 1.14.13.39 (nitric oxide synthase) inhibitor;
neuroprotective agent
fingolimod
fingolimod : An aminodiol that consists of propane-1,3-diol having amino and 2-(4-octylphenyl)ethyl substituents at the 2-position. It is a sphingosine 1-phosphate receptor modulator used for the treatment of relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis. A prodrug, fingolimod is phosphorylated by sphingosine kinase to active metabolite fingolimod-phosphate, a structural analogue of sphingosine 1-phosphate.		2.0510aminodiol;
primary amino compound		antineoplastic agent;
CB1 receptor antagonist;
immunosuppressive agent;
prodrug;
sphingosine-1-phosphate receptor agonist
dihydrocapsaicin
[no description available]		2.0310capsaicinoid
ml 9
[no description available]		2.0310
parthenolide
[no description available]		2.4420germacranolide
ecteinascidin 743
[no description available]		2.0510acetate ester;
azaspiro compound;
bridged compound;
hemiaminal;
isoquinoline alkaloid;
lactone;
organic heteropolycyclic compound;
organic sulfide;
oxaspiro compound;
polyphenol;
tertiary amino compound		alkylating agent;
angiogenesis modulating agent;
anti-inflammatory agent;
antineoplastic agent;
marine metabolite
exp3174
losartan carboxylic acid: structure given in first source. losartan carboxylic acid : A biphenylyltetrazole that is losartan with the hydroxymethyl group at position 5 on the imidazole ring replaced with a carboxylic acid.		2.0610biphenylyltetrazole;
imidazoles;
organochlorine compound		metabolite
tadalafil
[no description available]		3.8930benzodioxoles;
pyrazinopyridoindole		EC 3.1.4.35 (3',5'-cyclic-GMP phosphodiesterase) inhibitor;
vasodilator agent
3,6-bis(5-chloro-2-piperidyl)-2,5-piperazinedione
3,6-bis(5-chloro-2-piperidyl)-2,5-piperazinedione: isolated from Streptomyces griseoluteus fermentation broth; RN given refers to cpd without isomeric designation; structure		2.0410
3',4'-dichlorobenzamil
3',4'-dichlorobenzamil: inhibits Na-Ca exchange in membrane vesicle & papillary muscle preparations from guinea pig heart		2.4420guanidines;
pyrazines
5-hydroxydopamine
5-hydroxydopamine: RN given refers to parent cpd		2.0510catecholamine
androsterone glucuronide
androsterone glucuronide: RN given refers to (3alpha,5alpha)-isomer. androsterone 3-glucosiduronic acid : A steroid glucosiduronic acid having androsterone as the steroid component.		2.3720beta-D-glucosiduronic acid;
steroid glucosiduronic acid		human metabolite;
metabolite;
mouse metabolite
oxymatrine
oxysophoridine: an alkaloid isolated from Sophra alope; structure in first source		2.0410alkaloid;
tertiary amine oxide
1-(carboxymethylthio)tetradecane
1-(carboxymethylthio)tetradecane: structure given in first source; alkylthio acetic acid, non-beta-oxidizable		2.0310straight-chain fatty acid
paliperidone
3-{2-[4-(6-fluoro-1,2-benzoxazol-3-yl)piperidin-1-yl]ethyl}-9-hydroxy-2-methyl-6,7,8,9-tetrahydropyrido[1,2-a]pyrimidin-4-one : A member of the class of pyridopyrimidines that is 9-hydroxy-2-methyl-6,7,8,9-tetrahydropyrido[1,2-a]pyrimidin-4-one carrying an additional 2-[4-(6-fluoro-1,2-benzoxazol-3-yl)piperidin-1-yl]ethyl group at position 2.. paliperidone : A racemate comprising equimolar amounts of (R)- and (S)-paliperidone. Paliperidone is the primary active metabolite of the older antipsychotic risperidone and is used for treatment of schizophrenia.		3.23101,2-benzoxazoles;
heteroarylpiperidine;
organofluorine compound;
pyridopyrimidine;
secondary alcohol
2-iodomelatonin
[no description available]		2.0310acetamides
nitisinone
[no description available]		3.5920(trifluoromethyl)benzenes;
C-nitro compound;
cyclohexanones;
mesotrione		EC 1.13.11.27 (4-hydroxyphenylpyruvate dioxygenase) inhibitor
tafenoquine
tafenoquine : A racemate comprising equimolar amounts of (R)- and (S)-tafenoquine.. N(4)-{2,6-dimethoxy-4-methyl-5-[3-(trifluoromethyl)phenoxy]quinolin-8-yl}pentane-1,4-diamine : An aminoquinoline that is 8-aminoquinoline which is substituted by methoxy groups at positions 2 and 6, a methyl group at position 4, and a m-(trifluoromethyl)phenoxy group at position 5, and in which the amino substituent at position 8 is itself substituted by a 5-aminopentan-2-yl group.		2.0510(trifluoromethyl)benzenes;
aminoquinoline;
aromatic ether;
primary amino compound;
secondary amino compound
plavix
[no description available]		2.0810azaheterocycle sulfate salt;
organoammonium sulfate salt		anticoagulant;
P2Y12 receptor antagonist;
platelet aggregation inhibitor
glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate dehydrogenase (304-313)
glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate dehydrogenase (304-313): from Bacillus stearothermophilus		210
arcaine, sulfate
[no description available]		2.0310
marimastat
marimastat: a matrix metalloproteinase inhibitor active in patients with advanced carcinoma of the pancreas, prostate, or ovary. marimastat : A secondary carboxamide resulting from the foraml condensation of the carboxy group of (2R)-2-[(1S)-1-hydroxy-2-(hydroxyamino)-2-oxoethyl]-4-methylpentanoic acid with the alpha-amino group of N,3-dimethyl-L-valinamide.		2.0510hydroxamic acid;
secondary carboxamide		antineoplastic agent;
matrix metalloproteinase inhibitor
clofarabine
[no description available]		3.8730adenosines;
organofluorine compound		antimetabolite;
antineoplastic agent
elacridar
Elacridar: inhibitor of MDR1 PROTEIN; structure given in first source		2.4620
gr 113808
GR 113808: structure given in first source; a 5-HT(4) receptor antagonist: GR 125487 is the HCl salt. GR 113808 : An indolyl carboxylate ester obtained by formal condensation between the carboxy group of 1-methylindole-3-carboxylic acid with the hydroxy group of N-{2-[4-(hydroxymethyl)piperidin-1-yl]ethyl}methanesulfonamide.		2.4420indolyl carboxylate ester;
piperidines;
sulfonamide		serotonergic antagonist
1,1,2-trichloroethanol
1,1,2-trichloroethanol: metabolite of 1,1,2-trichloroethylene		2.0410
gallopamil hydrochloride
[no description available]		2.4420
gamma-glutamylaminomethylsulfonic acid
[no description available]		2.0310
buthionine sulfoximine
L-buthionine-(S,R)-sulfoximine : A 2-amino-4-(S-butylsulfonimidoyl)butanoic acid which has S-configuration. It is a inhibitor of gamma-glutamylcysteine synthetase and glutathione (GSH) biosynthesis and is capable of enhancing the apoptotic effects of several chemotherapeutic agents.		2.44202-amino-4-(S-butylsulfonimidoyl)butanoic acidEC 6.3.2.2 (glutamate--cysteine ligase) inhibitor;
ferroptosis inducer
pramipexole
Pramipexole: A benzothiazole derivative and dopamine agonist with antioxidant properties that is used in the treatment of PARKINSON DISEASE and RESTLESS LEGS SYNDROME.. pramipexole : A member of the class of benzothiazoles that is 4,5,6,7-tetrahydro-1,3-benzothiazole in which the hydrogens at the 2 and 6-pro-S-positions are substituted by amino and propylamino groups, respectively.		3.6120benzothiazoles;
diamine		antidyskinesia agent;
antiparkinson drug;
dopamine agonist;
radical scavenger
valdecoxib
[no description available]		3.8930isoxazoles;
sulfonamide		antipyretic;
antirheumatic drug;
cyclooxygenase 2 inhibitor;
non-narcotic analgesic;
non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug
zk 112993
ZK 112993: RN refers to (11beta, 17beta)-isomer; structure given in first source		1.9910
sb 204070a
SB 204070A: structure given in first source; a selective 5-HT(4) receptor antagonist		2.4420
mitiglinide
mitiglinide: a rapid and short-acting hypoglycemic agent; acts on sulfonylurea receptor closing KATP channels; considered one of the glinides-an imprecise grouping; structure given in first source		2.0510benzenes;
monocarboxylic acid
fpl-52694
FPL-52694: mast cell stabilizer; RN given refers to parent cpd; FPL-52694 is mono-Na salt; structure given in first source		2.0710
1-(2-(4-aminophenyl)ethyl)-4-(3-trifluoromethylphenyl)piperazine
LY 165163: structure given in first source; a serotonin agonist. LY-165163 : A N-arylpiperazine that is piperazine substituted by 2-(4-aminophenyl)ethyl and 3-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl groups at positions 1 and 4, respectively. It is a selective 5-HT1A serotonin receptor agonist and 5-HT1D serotonin receptor antagonist.		2.4420(trifluoromethyl)benzenes;
N-alkylpiperazine;
N-arylpiperazine;
primary arylamine;
substituted aniline		geroprotector;
serotonergic agonist
hydroxypropylmethylcellulose acetate succinate
hydroxypropylmethylcellulose acetate succinate: structure given in first source		2.1510
desethylamodiaquine
desethylamodiaquine: metabolite of amodiaquine		2.0510
l 655240
L 655240: thromboxane and prostaglandin endoperoxide receptor antagonist; structure given in first source; RN given is for parent cpd		2.0310methylindole
san 58035
[no description available]		2.4420
n,n-dideethylchloroquine
[no description available]		2.0510
imatinib mesylate
imatinib methanesulfonate : A methanesulfonate (mesylate) salt that is the monomesylate salt of imatinib. Used for treatment of chronic myelogenous leukemia and gastrointestinal stromal tumours.		2.4520methanesulfonate saltanticoronaviral agent;
antineoplastic agent;
apoptosis inducer;
tyrosine kinase inhibitor
almotriptan
almotriptan : An indole compound having a 2-(dimethylamino)ethyl group at the 3-position and a (pyrrolidin-1-ylsulfonyl)methyl group at the 5-position.		3.2310indoles;
sulfonamide;
tertiary amine		non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug;
serotonergic agonist;
vasoconstrictor agent
mk 0663
[no description available]		2.4720bipyridines;
organochlorine compound;
sulfone		cyclooxygenase 2 inhibitor;
non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug
gefitinib
[no description available]		4.7790aromatic ether;
monochlorobenzenes;
monofluorobenzenes;
morpholines;
quinazolines;
secondary amino compound;
tertiary amino compound		antineoplastic agent;
epidermal growth factor receptor antagonist
mk 912
[no description available]		2.0510
n(6)-(3-iodobenzyl)-5'-n-methylcarboxamidoadenosine
N(6)-(3-iodobenzyl)-5'-N-methylcarboxamidoadenosine: structure given in first source; a selective A(3) adenosine receptor agonist. 3-iodobenzyl-5'-N-methylcarboxamidoadenosine : A derivative of adenosine in which the 5'-hydroxymethyl group is replaced by N-ethylcarboxamido and one of the hydrogens of the exocyclic amino function is substituted by a 3-iodobenzyl group.		2.0510adenosines;
monocarboxylic acid amide;
organoiodine compound		adenosine A3 receptor agonist
nnc 711
NNC 711: structure in first source		2.0310
ramatroban
[no description available]		2.0710organic molecular entity
rmi 12330a
RMI 12330A: adenyl cyclase inhibitor in rat liver; RN given refers to (cis)-isomer; NM refers to HCl, (cis)-isomer; structure		2.0510
4-(alpha-(4-allyl-2,5-dimethyl-1-piperazinyl)-3-methoxybenzyl)-n,n-diethylbenzamide
4-(alpha-(4-allyl-2,5-dimethyl-1-piperazinyl)-3-methoxybenzyl)-N,N-diethylbenzamide: a highly-selective, nonpeptide delta opioid receptor agonist; structure given in first source		2.4420diarylmethane
sk&f 86466
benalfocin: RN & RR given from first source; RN not in Chemline 9/28/83; structure given in first source		2.0510benzazepine
e 64
E 64: cysteine protease inhibitor of microbial origin, which inhibits cathepsin B (EC 3.4.22.1) and cathepsin L (EC 3.4.22.-)		2.4420dicarboxylic acid monoamide;
epoxy monocarboxylic acid;
guanidines;
L-leucine derivative;
zwitterion		antimalarial;
antiparasitic agent;
protease inhibitor
desloratadine
desloratadine: major metabolite of loratadine. desloratadine : Loratadine in which the ethoxycarbonyl group attached to the piperidine ring is replaced by hydrogen. The major metabolite of loratidine, desloratadine is an antihistamine which is used for the symptomatic relief of allergic conditions including rhinitis and chronic urticaria. It does not readily enter the central nervous system, so does not cause drowsiness.		3.8930benzocycloheptapyridineanti-allergic agent;
cholinergic antagonist;
drug metabolite;
H1-receptor antagonist
azetidine-2,4-dicarboxylic acid
azetidine-2,4-dicarboxylic acid: activates neuronal metabotropic receptors; RN given refers to (trans-isomer); RN for cpd without isomeric designation not avail 10/93		2.0310
w 7
[no description available]		2.0510
desvenlafaxine
O-desmethylvenlafaxine : A tertiary amino compound that is N,N-dimethylethanamine substituted at position 1 by a 1-hydroxycyclohexyl and 4-hydroxyphenyl group. It is a metabolite of the drug venlafaxine.		3.2310cyclohexanols;
phenols;
tertiary amino compound		antidepressant;
drug metabolite;
marine xenobiotic metabolite
aa 560
[no description available]		1.9710
pre 084
2-(4-morpholino)ethyl-1-phenylcyclohexane-1-carboxylate: structure given in first source		2.4420morpholines
iremycin
iremycin: anthracycline antibiotic from Streptomyces violaceus subsp. iremyceticus; RN given refers to parent cpd(7R-trans)-isomer		2.0410
methotrexate
[no description available]		7.54222dicarboxylic acid;
monocarboxylic acid amide;
pteridines		abortifacient;
antimetabolite;
antineoplastic agent;
antirheumatic drug;
dermatologic drug;
DNA synthesis inhibitor;
EC 1.5.1.3 (dihydrofolate reductase) inhibitor;
immunosuppressive agent
3,6-diamino-9-(4-(methylsulfonyl)aminophenyl)aminoacridine
[no description available]		2.0510
1-(2-allylphenoxy)-3-((8-bromoacetylamino-4-menthane-1-yl)amino)-1-propanol
1-(2-allylphenoxy)-3-((8-bromoacetylamino-4-menthane-1-yl)amino)-1-propanol: irreversibly inactivates the dihydroalprenolol binding site; alprenolol analog; isopropylamino group of alprenolol replaced by 8-bromoacetylamino-1-amino-p-menthane moiety in the 1 position; structure given in first source		2.4420
n,n'-bis((2-chloroethyl)nitrosocarbamoyl)cystamine
N,N'-bis((2-chloroethyl)nitrosocarbamoyl)cystamine: structure given in first source		2.0410
hainanensine
hainanensine: structure in first source		2.0410
sr 2640
SR 2640: leukotriene D4 and E4 antagonist		2.4420quinolines
l 636028
[no description available]		2.3820
ne 58051
NE 58051: inhibits tumor cell adhesion to extracellular matrices; structure in first source		2.0510
xaliproden
xaliproden : A tetrahydropyridine that is 1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine which is substituted on the nitrogen by a 2-(2-naphthyl)ethyl group and at position 4 by a m-trifluoromethylphenyl group.		2.0710(trifluoromethyl)benzenes;
naphthalenes;
tertiary amino compound;
tetrahydropyridine		serotonergic agonist
tamsulosin
[no description available]		6.5725-(2-{[2-(2-ethoxyphenoxy)ethyl]amino}propyl)-2-methoxybenzenesulfonamidealpha-adrenergic antagonist;
antineoplastic agent
rufinamide
rufinamide: for treatment of Lennox-Gastaut syndrome; structure in first source		3.2310aromatic amide;
heteroarene
ici 204448
[no description available]		2.0310
antiprimod
azaspirane: structure given in first source		2.0510
n-isobutyrylcysteine
N-isobutyrylcysteine: RN given refers to L-isomer		2.0710
sulbactam
[no description available]		2.4720penicillanic acids
olmesartan medoxomil
Olmesartan Medoxomil: An ANGIOTENSIN II TYPE 1 RECEPTOR BLOCKER that is used to manage HYPERTENSION.		4.140biphenyls
dexpanthenol
dexpanthenol: The alcohol of pantothenic acid		3.620amino alcohol;
monocarboxylic acid amide		cholinergic drug;
provitamin
em 139
EM 139: EM-170 is the (17'alpha)-isomer		2.3820
fosamprenavir
fosamprenavir: a prodrug of the protease inhibitor amprenavir. fosamprenavir : A sulfonamide with a structure based on that of sulfanilamide substituted on the sulfonamide nitrogen by a (2R,3S)-4-phenyl-2-(phosphonooxy)-3-({[(3S)-tetrahydrofuran-3-yloxy]carbonyl}amino)butyl group. It is a pro-drug of the HIV protease inhibitor and antiretroviral drug amprenavir.		3.2310sulfonamideprodrug
pagoclone
RP 59037: a partial benzodiazepine receptor agonist; a cyclopyrrolone that induces hypothermia		2.0810
4-amino-1-(6-chloro-2-pyridyl)piperidine hydrochloride
4-amino-1-(6-chloro-2-pyridyl)piperidine hydrochloride: has high affinity and selectivity for 5-HT3 receptors; structure given in first source		2.0310
quilostigmine
quilostigmine: RN given for (3aS,cis)-isomer; structure in first source		2.0710pyrroloindole
n,n-di-n-hexyl-2-(4-fluorophenyl)indole-3-acetamide
N,N-di-n-hexyl-2-(4-fluorophenyl)indole-3-acetamide: binds with high affinity to glial mitochondrial diazepam binding inhibitor receptors & increases mitochondrial steroidogenesis		2.4420phenylindole
ilomastat
CS 610: matrix metalloproteinase inhibitor; structure in first source. ilomastat : An N-acyl-amino acid obtained by formal condensation of the carboxy group of (2R)-2-[2-(hydroxyamino)-2-oxoethyl]-4-methylpentanoic acid with the amino group of N-methyl-L-tryptophanamide. A cell permeable broad-spectrum matrix metalloproteinase (MMP) inhibitor		2.0510hydroxamic acid;
L-tryptophan derivative;
N-acyl-amino acid		anti-inflammatory agent;
antibacterial agent;
antineoplastic agent;
EC 3.4.24.24 (gelatinase A) inhibitor;
neuroprotective agent
4-(benzodioxan-5-yl)-1-(indan-2-yl)piperazine
[no description available]		2.0510
3,5-bis(trifluoromethyl)benzyl n-acetyltryptophan
3,5-bis(trifluoromethyl)benzyl N-acetyltryptophan: structure given in first source; substance P and neurokinin receptor antagonist		2.0310
abiraterone
[no description available]		10.59803beta-hydroxy-Delta(5)-steroid;
3beta-sterol;
pyridines		antineoplastic agent;
EC 1.14.99.9 (steroid 17alpha-monooxygenase) inhibitor
ru 58841
[no description available]		1.9910
8-cyclopentyl-3-(3-((4-(fluorosulfonyl)benzoyl)oxy)propyl)-1-propylxanthine
8-cyclopentyl-3-(3-((4-(fluorosulfonyl)benzoyl)oxy)propyl)-1-propylxanthine: structure given in first source		2.4420
5-carboxyfluorescein diacetate
[no description available]		2.4620
imiloxan
[no description available]		2.0710benzodioxine
l 741626
3-(4-(4-chlorophenyl-4-hydroxypiperidino)methyl)indole: structure in first source		2.4420piperidines
wr 242511
WR 242511: RN given refers to parent cpd		2.0510
febuxostat
Febuxostat: A thiazole derivative and inhibitor of XANTHINE OXIDASE that is used for the treatment of HYPERURICEMIA in patients with chronic GOUT.. febuxostat : A 1,3-thiazolemonocarboxylic acid that is 4-methyl-1,3-thiazole-5-carboxylic acid which is substituted by a 3-cyano-4-(2-methylpropoxy)phenyl group at position 2. It is an orally-active, potent, and selective xanthine oxidase inhibitor used for the treatment of chronic hyperuricaemia in patients with gout.		3.9301,3-thiazolemonocarboxylic acid;
aromatic ether;
nitrile		EC 1.17.3.2 (xanthine oxidase) inhibitor
dilevalol
(R,R)-labetalol : A 2-hydroxy-5-{1-hydroxy-2-[(4-phenylbutan-2-yl)amino]ethyl}benzamide that has 1R,2R-configuration.		2.05102-hydroxy-5-{1-hydroxy-2-[(4-phenylbutan-2-yl)amino]ethyl}benzamide
nisoxetine hydrochloride
[no description available]		2.4420
aspartame
[no description available]		2.0710carboxylic acid;
dipeptide zwitterion;
dipeptide;
methyl ester		apoptosis inhibitor;
EC 3.1.3.1 (alkaline phosphatase) inhibitor;
environmental contaminant;
micronutrient;
nutraceutical;
sweetening agent;
xenobiotic
ng-nitroarginine methyl ester
N(gamma)-nitro-L-arginine methyl ester hydrochloride : A hydrochloride obtained by combining N(gamma)-nitro-L-arginine methyl ester with one equivalent of hydrochloric acid.		2.0310hydrochlorideEC 1.14.13.39 (nitric oxide synthase) inhibitor
tilarginine acetate
[no description available]		2.0310
alpha-guanidinoglutaric acid
alpha-guanidinoglutaric acid: identified in the convulsive period of cobalt-induced seizures from cat cerebral cortex; RN given for cpd with unspecified guanidino-locant		2.0310L-glutamic acid derivative
3,4-dichloro-n-methyl-n-(2-(1-pyrrolidinyl)cyclohexyl)-benzeneacetamide, (trans)-(+-)-isomer
[no description available]		2.4420
tempol
[no description available]		2.0710aminoxyls;
hydroxypiperidine		anti-inflammatory agent;
antineoplastic agent;
apoptosis inducer;
catalyst;
hepatoprotective agent;
nephroprotective agent;
neuroprotective agent;
radical scavenger
ritrosulfan
ritrosulfan: RN given refers to parent cpd(R*,S*)-isomer; structure		2.0410
imidazole-4-acetic acid hydrochloride
[no description available]		2.0310
proline
Proline: A non-essential amino acid that is synthesized from GLUTAMIC ACID. It is an essential component of COLLAGEN and is important for proper functioning of joints and tendons.. proline : An alpha-amino acid that is pyrrolidine bearing a carboxy substituent at position 2.		2.0810amino acid zwitterion;
glutamine family amino acid;
L-alpha-amino acid;
proline;
proteinogenic amino acid		algal metabolite;
compatible osmolytes;
Escherichia coli metabolite;
micronutrient;
mouse metabolite;
nutraceutical;
Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite
escitalopram
Escitalopram: S-enantiomer of CITALOPRAM. Belongs to a class of drugs known as SELECTIVE SEROTONIN REUPTAKE INHIBITORS, used to treat depression and generalized anxiety disorder.. escitalopram : A 1-[3-(dimethylamino)propyl]-1-(4-fluorophenyl)-1,3-dihydro-2-benzofuran-5-carbonitrile that has S-configuration at the chiral centre. It is the active enantiomer of citalopram.		3.23101-[3-(dimethylamino)propyl]-1-(4-fluorophenyl)-1,3-dihydro-2-benzofuran-5-carbonitrileantidepressant;
EC 3.4.21.26 (prolyl oligopeptidase) inhibitor
lexapro
Lexapro: Trade name of escitalopram, the active S-enantiomer of the racemic citalopram.		2.0810
drospirenone and ethinyl estradiol combination
drospirenone and ethinyl estradiol combination: female oral combined contraceptive containing 30 mcg (0.030 mg) Ethinyl Estradiol and 3 mg drospirenone (Androstenes)		4.4122
10-propargyl-10-deazaaminopterin
10-propargyl-10-deazaaminopterin: structure in first source. pralatrexate : A pteridine that is the N-4-[1-(2,4-diaminopteridin-6-yl)pent-4-yn-2-yl]benzoyl derivative of L-glutamic acid. Used for treatment of Peripheral T-Cell Lymphoma, an aggressive form of non-Hodgkins lymphoma.		3.2310N-acyl-L-glutamic acid;
pteridines;
terminal acetylenic compound		antimetabolite;
antineoplastic agent;
EC 1.5.1.3 (dihydrofolate reductase) inhibitor
docetaxel
[no description available]		2.7330hydrate;
secondary alpha-hydroxy ketone		antineoplastic agent
docetaxel anhydrous
Docetaxel: A semisynthetic analog of PACLITAXEL used in the treatment of locally advanced or metastatic BREAST NEOPLASMS and NON-SMALL CELL LUNG CANCER.. docetaxel anhydrous : A tetracyclic diterpenoid that is paclitaxel with the N-benzyloxycarbonyl group replaced by N-tert-butoxycarbonyl, and the acetoxy group at position 10 replaced by a hydroxy group.		4.670secondary alpha-hydroxy ketone;
tetracyclic diterpenoid		antimalarial;
antineoplastic agent;
photosensitizing agent
atazanavir
atazanavir : A heavily substituted carbohydrazide that is an antiretroviral drug of the protease inhibitor (PI) class used to treat infection of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV).		3.8730carbohydrazideantiviral drug;
HIV protease inhibitor
nsc-141549
[no description available]		2.9640
levofloxacin
Levofloxacin: The L-isomer of Ofloxacin.. levofloxacin : An optically active form of ofloxacin having (S)-configuration; an inhibitor of bacterial topoisomerase IV and DNA gyrase.		4.951109-fluoro-3-methyl-10-(4-methylpiperazin-1-yl)-7-oxo-2,3-dihydro-7H-[1,4]oxazino[2,3,4-ij]quinoline-6-carboxylic acid;
fluoroquinolone antibiotic;
quinolone antibiotic		antibacterial drug;
DNA synthesis inhibitor;
EC 5.99.1.3 [DNA topoisomerase (ATP-hydrolysing)] inhibitor;
topoisomerase IV inhibitor
ezetimibe
Ezetimibe: An azetidine derivative and ANTICHOLESTEREMIC AGENT that inhibits intestinal STEROL absorption. It is used to reduce total CHOLESTEROL; LDL CHOLESTEROL, and APOLIPOPROTEINS B in the treatment of HYPERLIPIDEMIAS.. ezetimibe : A beta-lactam that is azetidin-2-one which is substituted at 1, 3, and 4 by p-fluorophenyl, 3-(p-fluorophenyl)-3-hydroxypropyl, and 4-hydroxyphenyl groups, respectively (the 3R,3'S,4S enantiomer).		4.4560azetidines;
beta-lactam;
organofluorine compound		anticholesteremic drug;
antilipemic drug;
antimetabolite
ertapenem
Ertapenem: A carbapenem derivative antibacterial agent that is more stable to renal dehydropeptidase I than IMIPENEM, but does not need to be given with an enzyme inhibitor such as CILASTATIN. It is used in the treatment of Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacterial infections including intra-abdominal infections, acute gynecological infections, complicated urinary tract infections, skin infections, and respiratory tract infections. It is also used to prevent infection in colorectal surgery.. ertapenem : Meropenem in which the one of the two methyl groups attached to the amide nitrogen is replaced by hydrogen while the other is replaced by a 3-carboxyphenyl group. The sodium salt is used for the treatment of moderate to severe susceptible infections including intra-abdominal and acute gynaecological infections, pneumonia, and infections of the skin and of the urinary tract.		3.2310carbapenemcarboxylic acid;
pyrrolidinecarboxamide		antibacterial drug
cox 189
lumiracoxib: a COX-2 inhibitor. lumiracoxib : An amino acid that is phenylacetic acid which is substituted at position 2 by the nitrogen of 2-chloro-6-fluoroaniline and at position 5 by a methyl group. A highly selective cyclooxygenase 2 inhibitor, it was briefly used for the treatment of osteoarthritis, but was withdrawn due to concersns of hepatotoxicity.		4.0940amino acid;
monocarboxylic acid;
organochlorine compound;
organofluorine compound;
secondary amino compound		cyclooxygenase 2 inhibitor;
non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug
conivaptan
conivaptan : The amide resulting from the formal condensation of 4-[(biphenyl-2-ylcarbonyl)amino]benzoic acid with the benzazepine nitrogen of 2-methyl-1,4,5,6-tetrahydroimidazo[4,5-d][1]benzazepine. It is an antagonist for two of the three types of arginine vasopressin (AVP) receptors, V1a and V2. It is used as its hydrochloride salt for the treatment of hyponatraemia (low blood sodium levels) caused by syndrome of inappropriate antidiuretic hormone (SIADH).		3.2310benzazepineaquaretic;
vasopressin receptor antagonist
cariporide
cariporide: a selective sodium-hydrogen exchange subtype 1 inhibitor; structure in first source		2.0510
tezosentan
tezosentan: structure in first source		2.0510
vatalanib
[no description available]		2.0710monochlorobenzenes;
phthalazines;
pyridines;
secondary amino compound		angiogenesis inhibitor;
antineoplastic agent;
EC 2.7.10.1 (receptor protein-tyrosine kinase) inhibitor;
vascular endothelial growth factor receptor antagonist
2-chloro-2-deoxyglucose
[no description available]		2.0310
damvar
damvar: structure		2.0410
moxifloxacin
Moxifloxacin: A fluoroquinolone that acts as an inhibitor of DNA TOPOISOMERASE II and is used as a broad-spectrum antibacterial agent.. moxifloxacin : A quinolone that consists of 4-oxo-1,4-dihydroquinoline-3-carboxylic acid bearing a cyclopropyl substituent at position 1, a fluoro substitiuent at position 6, a (4aS,7aS)-octahydro-6H-pyrrolo[3,4-b]pyridin-6-yl group at position 7 and a methoxy substituent at position 8. A member of the fluoroquinolone class of antibacterial agents.		3.8730aromatic ether;
cyclopropanes;
fluoroquinolone antibiotic;
pyrrolidinopiperidine;
quinolinemonocarboxylic acid;
quinolone antibiotic;
quinolone		antibacterial drug
pralnacasan
pralnacasan: NSAID, ICE inhibitor & metastasis inhibitor; RN & structure in first source		3.5920
clevidipine
clevidipine: a calcium channel blocker and antihypertensive agent; structure in first source		3.620dihydropyridine
jtt 501
JTT 501: an insulin sensitizer; structure in first source		2.0510
solifenacin
[no description available]		3.2310isoquinolines
dexmethylphenidate
dexmethylphenidate : A methyl phenyl(piperidin-2-yl)acetate in which both stereocentres have R configuration. It is the active enantiomer in the racemic drug methylphenidate.		3.2310methyl phenyl(piperidin-2-yl)acetateadrenergic agent
hyoscyamine
Hyoscyamine: The 3(S)-endo isomer of atropine.. (S)-atropine : An atropine with a 2S-configuration.		2.4820tropane alkaloid
idazoxan hydrochloride
[no description available]		2.4420
isoguvacine hydrochloride
[no description available]		2.0310
xamoterol
Xamoterol: A phenoxypropanolamine derivative that is a selective beta-1-adrenergic agonist.		2.0810morpholines
8-methoxymethyl-3-isobutyl-1-methylxanthine
8-methoxymethyl-3-isobutyl-1-methylxanthine: inhibitor of phosphodiesterase I		2.0310oxopurine
disopyramide, (s)-isomer
[no description available]		2.0410
naproxen
Naproxen: An anti-inflammatory agent with analgesic and antipyretic properties. Both the acid and its sodium salt are used in the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis and other rheumatic or musculoskeletal disorders, dysmenorrhea, and acute gout.. naproxen : A methoxynaphthalene that is 2-methoxynaphthalene substituted by a carboxy ethyl group at position 6. Naproxen is a non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug commonly used for the reduction of pain, fever, inflammation and stiffness caused by conditions such as osteoarthritis, kidney stones, rheumatoid arthritis, psoriatic arthritis, gout, ankylosing spondylitis, menstrual cramps, tendinitis, bursitis, and for the treatment of primary dysmenorrhea. It works by inhibiting both the COX-1 and COX-2 enzymes.		5.11130methoxynaphthalene;
monocarboxylic acid		antipyretic;
cyclooxygenase 1 inhibitor;
cyclooxygenase 2 inhibitor;
drug allergen;
environmental contaminant;
gout suppressant;
non-narcotic analgesic;
non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug;
xenobiotic
cinacalcet
cinacalcet : A secondary amino compound that is (1R)-1-(naphthalen-1-yl)ethanamine in which one of the hydrogens attached to the nitrogen is substituted by a 3-[3-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl]propyl group.		3.2310(trifluoromethyl)benzenes;
naphthalenes;
secondary amino compound		calcimimetic;
P450 inhibitor
lactitol
lactitol : A glycosyl alditol consisting of beta-D-galactopyranose and D-glucitol joined by a 1->4 glycosidic bond. It is used as a laxative, as an excipient, and as replacement bulk sweetener in some low-calorie foods.		2.0710glycosyl alditolcathartic;
excipient;
laxative
lubiprostone
[no description available]		3.2310
olmesartan
olmesartan: an active metabolite of CS 866		2.9840biphenylyltetrazoleangiotensin receptor antagonist;
antihypertensive agent
telbivudine
[no description available]		3.6120pyrimidine 2'-deoxyribonucleosideantiviral drug;
EC 2.7.7.49 (RNA-directed DNA polymerase) inhibitor
cyc 202
seliciclib : 2,6-Diaminopurine carrying benzylamino, (2R)-1-hydroxybutan-2-yl and isopropyl substituents at C-6, C-2-N and N-9 respectively. It is an experimental drug candidate in the family of pharmacological cyclin-dependent kinase (CDK) inhibitors.		2.96402,6-diaminopurinesantiviral drug;
EC 2.7.11.22 (cyclin-dependent kinase) inhibitor
Serotonin hydrochloride
[no description available]		2.0310tryptamines
n-phthaloylglutamic acid
N-phthaloyl-L-glutamic acid : A glutamic acid derivative that is L-glutamic acid in which the two hydrogens on the amino group are substituted by a phthaloyl group.		2.0310L-glutamic acid derivative;
phthalimides
benzo-tepa
benzo-tepa: structure		2.0410
tevenel
tevenel: sulfamoyl analog of D-threo-chloramphenicol; structure		2.0410sulfonamide
1,3-dipropyl-7-methylxanthine
1,3-dipropyl-7-methylxanthine: structure given in first source		2.0310
ag 3-5
icilin: a cooling compound that activates TRPM8		2.0310C-nitro compound
fpl 52757
FPL 52757: FPL 52758 is Na salt of FPL 52757; structure in first source; RN given refers to parent cpd		2.0710
tac 278
TAC 278: prodrug of 5-fluorouracil; RN given refers to cpd with unspecified isomeric designation		2.0410
paromomycin
Paromomycin: An aminoglycoside antibacterial and antiprotozoal agent produced by species of STREPTOMYCES.. paromomycin : An amino cyclitol glycoside that is the 1-O-(2-amino-2-deoxy-alpha-D-glucopyranoside) and the 3-O-(2,6-diamino-2,6-dideoxy-beta-L-idopyranosyl)-beta-D-ribofuranoside of 4,6-diamino-2,3-dihydroxycyclohexane (the 1R,2R,3S,4R,6S diastereoisomer). It is obtained from various Streptomyces species. A broad-spectrum antibiotic, it is used (generally as the sulfate salt) for the treatment of acute and chronic intestinal protozoal infections, but is not effective for extraintestinal protozoal infections. It is also used as a therapeutic against visceral leishmaniasis.		4.0940amino cyclitol glycoside;
aminoglycoside antibiotic		anthelminthic drug;
antibacterial drug;
antiparasitic agent;
antiprotozoal drug
anidulafungin
Anidulafungin: Echinocandin antifungal agent that is used in the treatment of CANDIDEMIA and CANDIDIASIS.. anidulafungin : A semisynthetic echinocandin anti-fungal drug. It is active against Aspergillus and Candida species and is used for the treatment of invasive candidiasis.		3.2310antibiotic antifungal drug;
azamacrocycle;
echinocandin;
heterodetic cyclic peptide;
semisynthetic derivative
avasimibe
[no description available]		2.0510monoterpenoid
n-n-propylnorapomorphine
[no description available]		2.0310aporphine alkaloid
urapidil monohydrochloride
[no description available]		2.4420
aminopterin
Aminopterin: A folic acid derivative used as a rodenticide that has been shown to be teratogenic.		2.7330dicarboxylic acidEC 1.5.1.3 (dihydrofolate reductase) inhibitor;
mutagen
azepexole, dihydrochloride
[no description available]		2.0310
17 alpha-hydroxyprogesterone caproate
17 alpha-Hydroxyprogesterone Caproate: Hydroxyprogesterone derivative that acts as a PROGESTIN and is used to reduce the risk of recurrent MISCARRIAGE and of PREMATURE BIRTH. It is also used in combination with ESTROGEN in the management of MENSTRUATION DISORDERS.		3.520corticosteroid hormone
varenicline
Varenicline: A benzazepine derivative that functions as an ALPHA4-BETA2 NICOTINIC RECEPTOR partial agonist. It is used for SMOKING CESSATION.. varenicline : An organic heterotetracyclic compound that acts as a partial agonist for nicotinic cholinergic receptors and is used (in the form of its tartate salt) as an aid to giving up smoking.		3.620
2,5-dimethoxy-4-iodoamphetamine hydrochloride
[no description available]		2.0310
biotin
vitamin B7 : Any member of a group of vitamers that belong to the chemical structural class called biotins that exhibit biological activity against vitamin B7 deficiency. Vitamin B7 deficiency is very rare in individuals who take a normal balanced diet. Foods rich in biotin are egg yolk, liver, cereals, vegetables (spinach, mushrooms) and rice. Symptoms associated with vitamin B7 deficiency include thinning hair, scaly skin rashes around eyes, nose and mouth, and brittle nails. The vitamers include biotin and its ionized and salt forms.		2.7530biotins;
vitamin B7		coenzyme;
cofactor;
Escherichia coli metabolite;
fundamental metabolite;
human metabolite;
mouse metabolite;
nutraceutical;
prosthetic group;
Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite
(4r)-3-((2s)-3-mercapto-2-methylpropanoyl)-4- thiazolidinecarboxylic acid
[no description available]		2.0410
angiotensin ii
Giapreza: injectable form of angiotensin II used to increase blood pressure in adult patients with septic or other distributive shock. Ile(5)-angiotensin II : An angiotensin II that acts on the central nervous system (PDB entry: 1N9V).		2.5520amino acid zwitterion;
angiotensin II		human metabolite
abt 980
[no description available]		2.4420
fiduxosin
fiduxosin: fiduxosin (ABT-980) is the (3aR,9bR)-isomer; structure in first source		3.5920
fpl 59257
FPL 59257: abolishes cough response & partly inhibits bronchoconstriction produced by leukotrienes C & D		2.0710
sk&f 75670
SK&F 75670: RN refers to HBr; N-methyl derivative of SK&F 38393		2.4420
atropine
tropan-3alpha-yl 3-hydroxy-2-phenylpropanoate : A tropane alkaloid that is (1R,5)-8-methyl-8-azabicyclo[3.2.1]octane substituted by a (3-hydroxy-2-phenylpropanoyl)oxy group at position 3.		5.11130
esatenolol
esatenolol : The (S)-enantiomer of atenolol.		2.0310atenololbeta-adrenergic antagonist
ropivacaine
Ropivacaine: An anilide used as a long-acting local anesthetic. It has a differential blocking effect on sensory and motor neurons.. ropivacaine : The piperidinecarboxamide obtained by the formal condensation of N-propylpipecolic acid and 2,6-dimethylaniline.. (S)-ropivacaine : A piperidinecarboxamide-based amide-type local anaesthetic (amide caine) in which (S)-N-propylpipecolic acid and 2,6-dimethylaniline are combined to form the amide bond.		2.4420piperidinecarboxamide;
ropivacaine		local anaesthetic
nbi 27914
[no description available]		2.4420dialkylarylamine;
tertiary amino compound
sb 216763
[no description available]		2.4420indoles;
maleimides
erlotinib
[no description available]		4.2750aromatic ether;
quinazolines;
secondary amino compound;
terminal acetylenic compound		antineoplastic agent;
epidermal growth factor receptor antagonist;
protein kinase inhibitor
zeneca zd 6169
Zeneca ZD 6169: an ATP-sensitive potassium channel opener; structure given in first source		2.0710
l 694,458
DMP 777: structure given in first source		2.0510
dizocilpine
[no description available]		2.0510secondary amino compound;
tetracyclic antidepressant		anaesthetic;
anticonvulsant;
neuroprotective agent;
nicotinic antagonist;
NMDA receptor antagonist
(R)-atenolol
(R)-atenolol : The (R)-enantiomer of atenolol.		2.0310atenolol
memantine hydrochloride
[no description available]		2.4420hydrochlorideantidepressant;
antiparkinson drug;
dopaminergic agent;
neuroprotective agent;
NMDA receptor antagonist
melagatran
[no description available]		2.0410azetidines;
carboxamidine;
dicarboxylic acid monoamide;
non-proteinogenic alpha-amino acid;
secondary amino compound		anticoagulant;
EC 3.4.21.5 (thrombin) inhibitor;
serine protease inhibitor
sibenadet
sibenadet: structure in first source		2.0710
pefabloc
[no description available]		2.0310
aflatoxin b1
Aflatoxin B1: A potent hepatotoxic and hepatocarcinogenic mycotoxin produced by the Aspergillus flavus group of fungi. It is also mutagenic, teratogenic, and causes immunosuppression in animals. It is found as a contaminant in peanuts, cottonseed meal, corn, and other grains. The mycotoxin requires epoxidation to aflatoxin B1 2,3-oxide for activation. Microsomal monooxygenases biotransform the toxin to the less toxic metabolites aflatoxin M1 and Q1.. aflatoxin B1 : An aflatoxin having a tetrahydrocyclopenta[c]furo[3',2':4,5]furo[2,3-h]chromene skeleton with oxygen functionality at positions 1, 4 and 11.		2.4620aflatoxin;
aromatic ether;
aromatic ketone		carcinogenic agent;
human metabolite
pongidae
[no description available]		2.4420
deflazacort
deflazacort: structure		2.4520corticosteroid hormone
hexestrol diphosphate
[no description available]		2.0410
carbocysteine
Carbocysteine: A compound formed when iodoacetic acid reacts with sulfhydryl groups in proteins. It has been used as an anti-infective nasal spray with mucolytic and expectorant action.. S-carboxymethyl-L-cysteine : An L-cysteine thioether that is L-cysteine in which the hydrogen of the thiol group has been replaced by a carboxymethyl group.		2.0410L-cysteine thioether;
non-proteinogenic L-alpha-amino acid		mucolytic
etravirine
[no description available]		3.2310aminopyrimidine;
aromatic ether;
dinitrile;
organobromine compound		antiviral agent;
HIV-1 reverse transcriptase inhibitor
succinylproline
[no description available]		2.0310N-acyl-amino acid
17-(3-pyridyl)androsta-5,16-dien-3-one
17-(3-pyridyl)androsta-5,16-dien-3-one: a steroidal inhibitor of cytochrome P450(17alpha)/C17-20 lyase; structure given in first source		2.910
latrepirdine
latrepirdine: structure		2.0710methylpyridines;
pyridoindole		geroprotector
sb 205384
SB 205384: structure in first source		2.4420thienopyridine
hydrastine
[no description available]		2.4420isoquinolinesmetabolite
gabaculine hydrochloride
[no description available]		2.0310
olpadronic acid
[no description available]		2.0510
etiron monohydrobromide
[no description available]		2.0310
troleandomycin
Troleandomycin: A macrolide antibiotic that is similar to ERYTHROMYCIN.. troleandomycin : A semi-synthetic macrolide antibiotic obtained by acetylation of the three free hydroxy groups of oleandomycin. Troleandomycin is only found in individuals that have taken the drug.		2.9740acetate ester;
epoxide;
macrolide antibiotic;
monosaccharide derivative;
polyketide;
semisynthetic derivative		EC 1.14.13.97 (taurochenodeoxycholate 6alpha-hydroxylase) inhibitor;
xenobiotic
dronedarone
Dronedarone: A non-iodinated derivative of amiodarone that is used for the treatment of ARRHYTHMIA.. dronedarone : A member of the class of 1-benzofurans used for the treatment of cardiac arrhythmias.		3.23101-benzofurans;
aromatic ether;
aromatic ketone;
sulfonamide;
tertiary amino compound		anti-arrhythmia drug;
environmental contaminant;
xenobiotic
ramelteon
ramelteon: melatonin MT1/MT2 receptor agonist		3.8830indanes
lapatinib
[no description available]		4.5670furans;
organochlorine compound;
organofluorine compound;
quinazolines		antineoplastic agent;
tyrosine kinase inhibitor
bmy 7378
[no description available]		2.0310
vesamicol
[no description available]		2.0310
darunavir
Darunavir: An HIV PROTEASE INHIBITOR that is used in the treatment of AIDS and HIV INFECTIONS. Due to the emergence of ANTIVIRAL DRUG RESISTANCE when used alone, it is administered in combination with other ANTI-HIV AGENTS.. darunavir : An N,N-disubstituted benzenesulfonamide bearing an unsubstituted amino group at the 4-position, used for the treatment of HIV infection. A second-generation HIV protease inhibitor, darunavir was designed to form robust interactions with the protease enzyme from many strains of HIV, including those from treatment-experienced patients with multiple resistance mutations to other protease inhibitors.		3.2310carbamate ester;
furofuran;
sulfonamide		antiviral drug;
HIV protease inhibitor
deferasirox
Deferasirox: A triazole and benzoate derivative that acts as a selective iron chelator. It is used in the management of chronic IRON OVERLOAD due to blood transfusion or non-transfusion dependent THALASSEMIA.. deferasirox : A member of the class of triazoles, deferasirox is 1,2,4-triazole substituted by a 4-carboxyphenyl group at position 1 and by 2-hydroxyphenyl groups at positions 3 and 5. An orally active iron chelator, it is used to manage chronic iron overload in patients receiving long-term blood transfusions.		4.0940benzoic acids;
monocarboxylic acid;
phenols;
triazoles		iron chelator
bms204352
BMS204352: a calcium-sensitive opener of maxi-K potassium channels; structure in first source		2.4720
tbc-11251
sitaxsentan: endothelin A receptor antagonist; structure in first source		3.8730benzodioxoles
tolvaptan
[no description available]		3.6120benzazepine;
benzenedicarboxamide		aquaretic;
vasopressin receptor antagonist
sorafenib
[no description available]		4.140(trifluoromethyl)benzenes;
aromatic ether;
monochlorobenzenes;
phenylureas;
pyridinecarboxamide		angiogenesis inhibitor;
anticoronaviral agent;
antineoplastic agent;
EC 2.7.11.1 (non-specific serine/threonine protein kinase) inhibitor;
ferroptosis inducer;
tyrosine kinase inhibitor
lenalidomide
[no description available]		3.6120aromatic amine;
dicarboximide;
isoindoles;
piperidones		angiogenesis inhibitor;
antineoplastic agent;
immunomodulator
regadenoson
[no description available]		3.2310purine nucleoside
lacosamide
Lacosamide: An acetamide derivative that acts as a blocker of VOLTAGE-GATED SODIUM CHANNELS. It is used as an anticonvulsant, for adjunctive or monotherapy, in the treatment of PARTIAL SEIZURES.		3.6120N-acyl-amino acid
demecolcine
Demecolcine: An alkaloid isolated from Colchicum autumnale L. and used as an antineoplastic.. (-)-demecolcine : A secondary amino compound that is (S)-colchicine in which the N-acetyl group is replaced by an N-methyl group. Isolable from the autumn crocus, Colchicum autumnale, it is less toxic than colchicine and is used as an antineoplastic.		2.0410alkaloid;
secondary amino compound		antineoplastic agent;
microtubule-destabilising agent
cholic acid
Cholic Acid: A major primary bile acid produced in the liver and usually conjugated with glycine or taurine. It facilitates fat absorption and cholesterol excretion.. cholic acid : A bile acid that is 5beta-cholan-24-oic acid bearing three alpha-hydroxy substituents at position 3, 7 and 12.		2.462012alpha-hydroxy steroid;
3alpha-hydroxy steroid;
7alpha-hydroxy steroid;
bile acid;
C24-steroid;
trihydroxy-5beta-cholanic acid		human metabolite;
mouse metabolite
sitosterol, (3beta)-isomer
Sobatum: tradename; active fraction of Solanum trilobatum; reduces side-effects of radiation-induced toxicity. sitosterol : A member of the class of phytosterols that is stigmast-5-ene substituted by a beta-hydroxy group at position 3.		2.05103beta-hydroxy-Delta(5)-steroid;
3beta-sterol;
C29-steroid;
phytosterols;
stigmastane sterol		anticholesteremic drug;
antioxidant;
mouse metabolite;
plant metabolite;
sterol methyltransferase inhibitor
estradiol 3-benzoate
17beta-estradiol 3-benzoate : A benzoate ester resulting from the formal condensation of benzoic acid with the phenolic hydroxy group of 17beta-estradiol.		8.417017beta-hydroxy steroid;
benzoate ester		estrogen receptor agonist;
xenoestrogen
cortisone
[no description available]		2.733011-oxo steroid;
17alpha-hydroxy steroid;
20-oxo steroid;
21-hydroxy steroid;
3-oxo-Delta(4) steroid;
C21-steroid;
glucocorticoid;
primary alpha-hydroxy ketone;
tertiary alpha-hydroxy ketone		human metabolite;
mouse metabolite
androstane-3,17-dione, (5alpha)-isomer
androstane-3,17-dione: RN given refers to cpd without isomeric designation. androstane-3,17-dione : An androstanoid that is androstane substituted by oxo groups at positions 3 and 17.. 5alpha-androstane-3,17-dione : The 5alpha-stereoisomer of androstane-3,17-dione.		1.96103-oxo-5alpha-steroid;
androstane-3,17-dione		mouse metabolite
equilin
Equilin: An estrogenic steroid produced by HORSES. It has a total of four double bonds in the A- and B-ring. High concentration of euilin is found in the URINE of pregnant mares.		2.051017-oxo steroid;
3-hydroxy steroid
fludrocortisone acetate
fludrocortisone acetate : An acetate ester resulting from the formal condensation of the primary hydroxy group of fludrocortisone with acetic acid. A synthetic corticosteroid, it has glucocorticoid actions about 10 times as potent as hydrocortisone, while its mineralocorticoid actions are over 100 times as potent. It is used in partial replacement therapy for primary and secondary adrenocortical insufficiency in Addison's disease and for the treatment of salt-losing adrenal hyperplasia.		2.462011beta-hydroxy steroid;
17alpha-hydroxy steroid;
20-oxo steroid;
3-oxo-Delta(4) steroid;
acetate ester;
fluorinated steroid;
mineralocorticoid;
tertiary alpha-hydroxy ketone
3-nitrotyrosine
3-nitrotyrosine: RN given refers to parent cpd without isomeric designation. 3-nitrotyrosine : A nitrotyrosine comprising tyrosine having a nitro group at the 3-position on the phenyl ring.		2.44202-nitrophenols;
C-nitro compound;
nitrotyrosine;
non-proteinogenic alpha-amino acid
allylestrenol
Allylestrenol: A synthetic steroid with progestational activity.		2.0310steroid
vincaleukoblastine
[no description available]		3.8730acetate ester;
indole alkaloid fundamental parent;
methyl ester;
organic heteropentacyclic compound;
organic heterotetracyclic compound;
tertiary alcohol;
tertiary amino compound;
vinca alkaloid		antineoplastic agent;
immunosuppressive agent;
microtubule-destabilising agent;
plant metabolite
5 alpha-androstane-3 beta,17 beta-diol
5alpha-androstane-3beta,17beta-diol : An androstane-3,17-diol that is 5alpha-androstane substituted by beta-hydroxy groups at positions 3 and 17. It is a metabolite of dihydrotestosterone.		2.051017beta-hydroxy steroid;
3beta-hydroxy steroid;
androstane-3,17-diol		Daphnia magna metabolite;
human metabolite
2-hydroxyestradiol
2-hydroxyestradiol: catechol estrogen; RN given refers to (17 beta)-isomer. 2-hydroxy-17beta-estradiol : A 2-hydroxy steroid that consists of 17beta-estradiol having an additional hydroxy group at position 2.		1.971017beta-hydroxy steroid;
2-hydroxy steroid		carcinogenic agent;
human metabolite;
metabolite;
mouse metabolite;
prodrug
vincristine sulfate
[no description available]		3.1550organic sulfate saltantineoplastic agent;
geroprotector
mibolerone
mibolerone: prevents estrus in animals & prevents experimental lymphoid leukosis; minor descriptor (80-83); on-line & Index Medicus search NANDROLONE/AA (80-83); RN given refers to (7alpha,17beta)-isomer; structure. mibolerone : An androgen that is nalandrone carrying two methyl substituents at positions 7alpha and 17.		3.246017beta-hydroxy steroid;
3-oxo-Delta(4) steroid		anabolic agent;
androgen
benzarone
benzarone: antihemorrhagic agent; structure		4.1401-benzofurans
nsc-89199
estramustine phosphate : A steroid phosphate which is the 17-O-phospho derivative of estramustine.		2.0410carbamate ester;
organochlorine compound;
steroid phosphate
estramustine
Estramustine: A nitrogen mustard linked to estradiol, usually as phosphate; used to treat prostatic neoplasms; also has radiation protective properties.. estramustine : A carbamate ester obtained by the formal condensation of the hydroxy group of 17beta-estradiol with the carboxy group of bis(2-chloroethyl)carbamic acid.		10.8633917beta-hydroxy steroid;
carbamate ester;
organochlorine compound		alkylating agent;
antineoplastic agent;
radiation protective agent
lupeol
[no description available]		2.0510pentacyclic triterpenoid;
secondary alcohol		anti-inflammatory drug;
plant metabolite
n-methylserotonin oxalate salt
[no description available]		2.0310
metribolone
Metribolone: A synthetic non-aromatizable androgen and anabolic steroid. It binds strongly to the androgen receptor and has therefore also been used as an affinity label for this receptor in the prostate and in prostatic tumors.. 17beta-hydroxy-17-methylestra-4,9,11-trien-3-one : A synthetic non-aromatisable androgen and anabolic steroid. It binds strongly to the androgen receptor and has therefore also been used as an affinity label for this receptor in the prostate and in prostatic tumors.		4.5224017beta-hydroxy steroid;
3-oxo steroid;
anabolic androgenic steroid		androgen
nsc 95397
[no description available]		2.44201,4-naphthoquinones
phenethicillin
phenethicillin: minor descriptor (85); major descriptor (63-84); on-line search PENICILLIN, PHENOXYMETHYL/AA (66-85); Index Medicus search PHENETHICILLIN (63-84); RN given refers to (2S-(2alpha,5alpha,6beta))-isomer. phenethicillin : A penicillin in which the substituent at position 6 of the penam ring is a 2-phenoxypropanamido group.		2.4620penicillin allergen;
penicillin
noscapine
Noscapine: A naturally occurring opium alkaloid that is a centrally acting antitussive agent.. (-)-noscapine : A benzylisoquinoline alkaloid that is 1,2,3,4-tetrahydroisoquinoline which is substituted by a 4,5-dimethoxy-3-oxo-1,3-dihydro-2-benzofuran-1-yl group at position 1, a methylenedioxy group at positions 6-7 and a methoxy group at position 8. Obtained from plants of the Papaveraceae family, it lacks significant painkilling properties and is primarily used for its antitussive (cough-suppressing) effects.		2.7430aromatic ether;
benzylisoquinoline alkaloid;
cyclic acetal;
isobenzofuranone;
organic heterobicyclic compound;
organic heterotricyclic compound;
tertiary amino compound		antineoplastic agent;
antitussive;
apoptosis inducer;
plant metabolite
indicine-n-oxide
indicine-N-oxide: RN given refers to (1R-(1alpha,7(2R*,3S*),7abeta))-isomer; structure		2.0410
homoharringtonine
Homoharringtonine: Semisynthetic derivative of harringtonine that acts as a protein synthesis inhibitor and induces APOPTOSIS in tumor cells. It is used in the treatment of MYELOID LEUKEMIA, CHRONIC.. omacetaxine mepesuccinate : A cephalotaxine-derived alkaloid ester obtained from Cephalotaxus harringtonia; used for the treatment of chronic or accelerated phase chronic myeloid leukaemia.		2.0510alkaloid ester;
enol ether;
organic heteropentacyclic compound;
tertiary alcohol		anticoronaviral agent;
antineoplastic agent;
apoptosis inducer;
protein synthesis inhibitor
acivicin
[no description available]		2.4620isoxazoles;
non-proteinogenic L-alpha-amino acid;
organochlorine compound		antileishmanial agent;
antimetabolite;
antimicrobial agent;
antineoplastic agent;
EC 2.3.2.2 (gamma-glutamyltransferase) inhibitor;
glutamine antagonist;
metabolite
wortmannin
[no description available]		3.4570acetate ester;
cyclic ketone;
delta-lactone;
organic heteropentacyclic compound		anticoronaviral agent;
antineoplastic agent;
autophagy inhibitor;
EC 2.7.1.137 (phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase) inhibitor;
geroprotector;
Penicillium metabolite;
radiosensitizing agent
menthofuran
menthofuran: RN given refers to cpd without isomeric designation; derives from cyclization of pulegone. menthofuran : A monoterpenoid that is 4,5,6,7-tetrahydro-1-benzofuran substituted by methyl groups at positions 3 and 6.		2.07101-benzofurans;
monoterpenoid		nematicide;
plant metabolite
trimethoprim, sulfamethoxazole drug combination
Trimethoprim, Sulfamethoxazole Drug Combination: A drug combination with broad-spectrum antibacterial activity against both gram-positive and gram-negative organisms. It is effective in the treatment of many infections, including PNEUMOCYSTIS PNEUMONIA in AIDS.. co-trimoxazole : A two-component mixture comprising trimethoprim and sulfamethoxazole.		2.0410
o-(chloroacetylcarbamoyl)fumagillol
O-(Chloroacetylcarbamoyl)fumagillol: Semisynthetic analog of fumagillin (a cyclohexane-sesquiterpene antibiotic isolated from ASPERGILLUS FUMIGATUS) that inhibits angiogenesis.. O-(chloroacetylcarbamoyl)fumagillol : A carbamate ester that is fumagillol in which the hydroxy group has been converted to the corresponding N-(chloroacetyl)carbamate derivative.		2.0510carbamate ester;
organochlorine compound;
semisynthetic derivative;
sesquiterpenoid;
spiro-epoxide		angiogenesis inhibitor;
antineoplastic agent;
EC 1.5.1.3 (dihydrofolate reductase) inhibitor;
methionine aminopeptidase 2 inhibitor;
retinoic acid receptor alpha antagonist
taurochenodeoxycholic acid
Taurochenodeoxycholic Acid: A bile salt formed in the liver by conjugation of chenodeoxycholate with taurine, usually as the sodium salt. It acts as detergent to solubilize fats in the small intestine and is itself absorbed. It is used as a cholagogue and choleretic.. taurochenodeoxycholate : An organosulfonate oxoanion that is the conjugate base of taurochenodeoxycholic acid arising from deprotonation of the sulfonate OH group; major species at pH 7.3.. taurochenodeoxycholic acid : A bile acid taurine conjugate of chenodeoxycholic acid.		2.0710bile acid taurine conjugatehuman metabolite;
mouse metabolite
bortezomib
[no description available]		3.8730amino acid amide;
L-phenylalanine derivative;
pyrazines		antineoplastic agent;
antiprotozoal drug;
protease inhibitor;
proteasome inhibitor
neocryptolepine
neocryptolepine: isolated from the roots of the African plant Cryptolepis sanguinolenta; structure in first source		2.0510
ritonavir
Ritonavir: An HIV protease inhibitor that works by interfering with the reproductive cycle of HIV. It also inhibits CYTOCHROME P-450 CYP3A.. ritonavir : An L-valine derivative that is L-valinamide in which alpha-amino group has been acylated by a [(2-isopropyl-1,3-thiazol-4-yl)methyl]methylcarbamoyl group and in which a hydrogen of the carboxamide amino group has been replaced by a (2R,4S,5S)-4-hydroxy-1,6-diphenyl-5-{[(1,3-thiazol-5-ylmethoxy)carbonyl]amino}hexan-2-yl group. A CYP3A inhibitor and antiretroviral drug from the protease inhibitor class used to treat HIV infection and AIDS, it is often used as a fixed-dose combination with another protease inhibitor, lopinavir. Also used in combination with dasabuvir sodium hydrate, ombitasvir and paritaprevir (under the trade name Viekira Pak) for treatment of chronic hepatitis C virus genotype 1 infection as well as cirrhosis of the liver.		5.111301,3-thiazoles;
carbamate ester;
carboxamide;
L-valine derivative;
ureas		antiviral drug;
environmental contaminant;
HIV protease inhibitor;
xenobiotic
1-hydroxypentane-1,1-bisphosphonate
[no description available]		2.0510
cimadronate
cimadronate: increases serum 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D in rats via stimulating renal 1-hydroxylase activity; structure given in first source		2.0510
1,1-hydroxyoctanodiphosphonate
[no description available]		2.0510
nexavar
[no description available]		2.0510organosulfonate salt
dihydropyridines
Dihydropyridines: Pyridine moieties which are partially saturated by the addition of two hydrogen atoms in any position.		2.0510
leupeptins
Leupeptins: A group of acylated oligopeptides produced by Actinomycetes that function as protease inhibitors. They have been known to inhibit to varying degrees trypsin, plasmin, KALLIKREINS, papain and the cathepsins.		2.0210
carboplatin
[no description available]		3.3611
lithium chloride
Lithium Chloride: A salt of lithium that has been used experimentally as an immunomodulator.. lithium chloride : A metal chloride salt with a Li(+) counterion.		2.0310inorganic chloride;
lithium salt		antimanic drug;
geroprotector
glycogen
glycogen : A polydisperse, highly branched glucan composed of chains of D-glucopyranose residues in alpha(1->4) glycosidic linkage, joined together by alpha(1->6) glycosidic linkages. A small number of alpha(1->3) glycosidic linkages and some cumulative alpha(1->6) links also may occur. The branches in glycogen typically contain 8 to 12 glucose residues.		2.3620
n-acetylneuraminic acid
N-Acetylneuraminic Acid: An N-acyl derivative of neuraminic acid. N-acetylneuraminic acid occurs in many polysaccharides, glycoproteins, and glycolipids in animals and bacteria. (From Dorland, 28th ed, p1518). N-acetylneuraminic acid : An N-acylneuraminic acid where the N-acyl group is specified as acetyl.		1.9710N-acetylneuraminic acidsantioxidant;
bacterial metabolite;
EC 3.2.1.18 (exo-alpha-sialidase) inhibitor;
human metabolite;
mouse metabolite
bradykinin
[no description available]		210oligopeptidehuman blood serum metabolite;
vasodilator agent
canavanine
L-canavanine : A non-proteinogenic L-alpha-amino acid that is L-homoserine substituted at oxygen with a guanidino (carbamimidamido) group. Although structurally related to L-arginine, it is non-proteinogenic.		2.0310amino acid zwitterion;
non-proteinogenic L-alpha-amino acid		phytogenic insecticide;
plant metabolite
glucosamine
D-glucosamine : An amino sugar whose structure comprises D-glucose having an amino substituent at position 2.. 2-amino-2-deoxy-D-glucopyranose : A D-glucosamine whose structure comprises D-glucopyranose having an amino substituent at position 2.		3.1550D-glucosamineEscherichia coli metabolite;
geroprotector;
mouse metabolite
naringenin
(S)-naringenin : The (S)-enantiomer of naringenin.		2.4620(2S)-flavan-4-one;
naringenin		expectorant;
plant metabolite
5-hydroxytryptophan
hydroxytryptophan : A hydroxy-amino acid that is tryptophan substituted by at least one hydroxy group at unspecified position.. 5-hydroxy-L-tryptophan : The L-enantiomer of 5-hydroxytryptophan.		2.03105-hydroxytryptophan;
amino acid zwitterion;
hydroxy-L-tryptophan;
non-proteinogenic L-alpha-amino acid		human metabolite;
mouse metabolite;
plant metabolite
oxytocin
Oxytocin: A nonapeptide hormone released from the neurohypophysis (PITUITARY GLAND, POSTERIOR). It differs from VASOPRESSIN by two amino acids at residues 3 and 8. Oxytocin acts on SMOOTH MUSCLE CELLS, such as causing UTERINE CONTRACTIONS and MILK EJECTION.. oxytocin : A cyclic nonapeptide hormone with amino acid sequence CYIQNCPLG that also acts as a neurotransmitter in the brain; the principal uterine-contracting and milk-ejecting hormone of the posterior pituitary. Together with the neuropeptide vasopressin, it is believed to influence social cognition and behaviour.		4.2450heterodetic cyclic peptide;
peptide hormone		oxytocic;
vasodilator agent
ouabain
Ouabain: A cardioactive glycoside consisting of rhamnose and ouabagenin, obtained from the seeds of Strophanthus gratus and other plants of the Apocynaceae; used like DIGITALIS. It is commonly used in cell biological studies as an inhibitor of the NA(+)-K(+)-EXCHANGING ATPASE.. cardiac glycoside : Steroid lactones containing sugar residues that act on the contractile force of the cardiac muscles.. ouabain : A steroid hormone that is a multi-hydroxylated alpha-L-rhamnosyl cardenoloide. It binds to and inhibits the plasma membrane Na(+)/K(+)-ATPase (sodium pump). It has been isolated naturally from Strophanthus gratus.		2.974011alpha-hydroxy steroid;
14beta-hydroxy steroid;
5beta-hydroxy steroid;
alpha-L-rhamnoside;
cardenolide glycoside;
steroid hormone		anti-arrhythmia drug;
cardiotonic drug;
EC 2.3.3.1 [citrate (Si)-synthase] inhibitor;
EC 3.1.3.41 (4-nitrophenylphosphatase) inhibitor;
EC 3.6.3.10 (H(+)/K(+)-exchanging ATPase) inhibitor;
EC 3.6.3.9 (Na(+)/K(+)-transporting ATPase) inhibitor;
ion transport inhibitor;
plant metabolite
salicin
[no description available]		2.0710aromatic primary alcohol;
aryl beta-D-glucoside;
benzyl alcohols		antipyretic;
EC 1.14.99.1 (prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase) inhibitor;
metabolite;
non-narcotic analgesic;
non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug;
prodrug
puromycin
[no description available]		2.4620puromycinsantiinfective agent;
antimicrobial agent;
antineoplastic agent;
EC 3.4.11.14 (cytosol alanyl aminopeptidase) inhibitor;
EC 3.4.14.2 (dipeptidyl-peptidase II) inhibitor;
nucleoside antibiotic;
protein synthesis inhibitor
taxifolin
(+)-taxifolin : A taxifolin that has (2R,3R)-configuration.		2.0410taxifolinmetabolite
tosylphenylalanyl chloromethyl ketone
Tosylphenylalanyl Chloromethyl Ketone: An inhibitor of Serine Endopeptidases. Acts as alkylating agent and is known to interfere with the translation process.. N-tosyl-L-phenylalanyl chloromethyl ketone : The N-tosyl derivative of L-phenylalanyl chloromethyl ketone.		2.0310alpha-chloroketone;
sulfonamide		alkylating agent;
serine proteinase inhibitor
pentostatin
Pentostatin: A potent inhibitor of ADENOSINE DEAMINASE. The drug induces APOPTOSIS of LYMPHOCYTES, and is used in the treatment of many lymphoproliferative malignancies, particularly HAIRY CELL LEUKEMIA. It is also synergistic with some other antineoplastic agents and has immunosuppressive activity.. pentostatin : A member of the class of coformycins that is coformycin in which the hydroxy group at position 2' is replaced with a hydrogen. It is a drug used for the treatment of hairy cell leukaemia.		4.0740coformycinsantimetabolite;
antineoplastic agent;
Aspergillus metabolite;
bacterial metabolite;
EC 3.5.4.4 (adenosine deaminase) inhibitor
monoiodotyrosine
Monoiodotyrosine: A product from the iodination of tyrosine. In the biosynthesis of thyroid hormones (THYROXINE and TRIIODOTHYRONINE), tyrosine is first iodized to monoiodotyrosine.. iodotyrosine : A tyrosine derivative which has at least one iodo-substituent on the benzyl moiety.. monoiodotyrosine : An iodotyrosine carrying a single iodo substituent.. 3-iodo-L-tyrosine : The monoiodotyrosine that is L-tyrosine carrying an iodo-substituent at position C-3 of the benzyl group.		2.0310amino acid zwitterion;
L-tyrosine derivative;
monoiodotyrosine;
non-proteinogenic L-alpha-amino acid		EC 1.14.16.2 (tyrosine 3-monooxygenase) inhibitor;
human metabolite;
mouse metabolite
taurolithocholic acid
Taurolithocholic Acid: A bile salt formed in the liver from lithocholic acid conjugation with taurine, usually as the sodium salt. It solubilizes fats for absorption and is itself absorbed. It is a cholagogue and choleretic.. taurolithocholic acid : The bile acid taurine conjugate of lithocholic acid.		2.7530bile acid taurine conjugate;
monocarboxylic acid amide		human metabolite
nitroarginine
Nitroarginine: An inhibitor of nitric oxide synthetase which has been shown to prevent glutamate toxicity. Nitroarginine has been experimentally tested for its ability to prevent ammonia toxicity and ammonia-induced alterations in brain energy and ammonia metabolites. (Neurochem Res 1995:200(4):451-6). N(gamma)-nitro-L-arginine : An L-arginine derivative that is L-arginine in which the terminal nitrogen of the guanidyl group is replaced by a nitro group.		2.0310guanidines;
L-arginine derivative;
N-nitro compound;
non-proteinogenic L-alpha-amino acid
willardiine
willardiine: isolated from seeds of Acacia willariana; structure. 3-(uracil-1-yl)-L-alanine : The 3-(uracil-1-yl) derivative of L-alanine.		2.0310amino acid zwitterion;
L-alanine derivative;
non-proteinogenic L-alpha-amino acid
2-methoxyestrone
2-methoxyestrone : A 17-oxo steroid that is estrone in which the hydrogen at position 2 has been replaced by a methoxy group.		2.051017-oxo steroid;
3-hydroxy steroid;
alicyclic ketone;
aromatic ether;
phenolic steroid;
phenols		human metabolite;
mouse metabolite
cortodoxone
Cortodoxone: 17,21-Dihydroxypregn-4-ene-3,20-dione. A 17-hydroxycorticosteroid with glucocorticoid and anti-inflammatory activities.. 11-deoxycortisol : A deoxycortisol that is cortisol in which the hydroxy group at position 11 has been replaced by a hydrogen.		4.2250deoxycortisol;
glucocorticoid;
primary alpha-hydroxy ketone;
tertiary alpha-hydroxy ketone		human metabolite;
mouse metabolite
(+)-limonene
(4R)-limonene : An optically active form of limonene having (4R)-configuration.		2.4620limoneneplant metabolite
quinidine
Quinidine: An optical isomer of quinine, extracted from the bark of the CHINCHONA tree and similar plant species. This alkaloid dampens the excitability of cardiac and skeletal muscles by blocking sodium and potassium currents across cellular membranes. It prolongs cellular ACTION POTENTIALS, and decreases automaticity. Quinidine also blocks muscarinic and alpha-adrenergic neurotransmission.. quinidine : A cinchona alkaloid consisting of cinchonine with the hydrogen at the 6-position of the quinoline ring substituted by methoxy.		5.23150cinchona alkaloidalpha-adrenergic antagonist;
anti-arrhythmia drug;
antimalarial;
drug allergen;
EC 1.14.13.181 (13-deoxydaunorubicin hydroxylase) inhibitor;
EC 3.6.3.44 (xenobiotic-transporting ATPase) inhibitor;
muscarinic antagonist;
P450 inhibitor;
potassium channel blocker;
sodium channel blocker
meropenem
Meropenem: A thienamycin derivative antibacterial agent that is more stable to renal dehydropeptidase I than IMIPENEM, but does not need to be given with an enzyme inhibitor such as CILASTATIN. It is used in the treatment of bacterial infections, including infections in immunocompromised patients.. meropenem : A carbapenemcarboxylic acid in which the azetidine and pyrroline rings carry 1-hydroxymethyl and in which the azetidine and pyrroline rings carry 1-hydroxymethyl and 5-(dimethylcarbamoyl)pyrrolidin-3-ylthio substituents respectively.		4.2650alpha,beta-unsaturated monocarboxylic acid;
carbapenemcarboxylic acid;
organic sulfide;
pyrrolidinecarboxamide		antibacterial agent;
antibacterial drug;
drug allergen
griseofulvin
Griseofulvin: An antifungal agent used in the treatment of TINEA infections.. griseofulvin : An oxaspiro compound produced by Penicillium griseofulvum. It is used by mouth as an antifungal drug for infections involving the scalp, hair, nails and skin that do not respond to topical treatment.		4.55701-benzofurans;
antibiotic antifungal drug;
benzofuran antifungal drug;
organochlorine compound;
oxaspiro compound		antibacterial agent;
Penicillium metabolite
cefoxitin
Cefoxitin: A semisynthetic cephamycin antibiotic resistant to beta-lactamase.. cefoxitin : A semisynthetic cephamycin antibiotic which, in addition to the methoxy group at the 7alpha position, has 2-thienylacetamido and carbamoyloxymethyl side-groups. It is resistant to beta-lactamase.		4.2550beta-lactam antibiotic allergen;
cephalosporin;
cephamycin;
semisynthetic derivative		antibacterial drug
digitoxin
Digitoxin: A cardiac glycoside sometimes used in place of DIGOXIN. It has a longer half-life than digoxin; toxic effects, which are similar to those of digoxin, are longer lasting. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p665). digitoxin : A cardenolide glycoside in which the 3beta-hydroxy group of digitoxigenin carries a 2,6-dideoxy-beta-D-ribo-hexopyranosyl-(1->4)-2,6-dideoxy-beta-D-ribo-hexopyranosyl-(1->4)-2,6-dideoxy-beta-D-ribo-hexopyranosyl trisaccharide chain.		3.1650cardenolide glycosideEC 3.6.3.9 (Na(+)/K(+)-transporting ATPase) inhibitor
moxalactam disodium
[no description available]		2.4620
saquinavir
Saquinavir: An HIV protease inhibitor which acts as an analog of an HIV protease cleavage site. It is a highly specific inhibitor of HIV-1 and HIV-2 proteases, and also inhibits CYTOCHROME P-450 CYP3A.. saquinavir : An aspartic acid derivative obtained by formal condensation of the primary amino group of (2S,3R)-4-[(3S,4aS,8aS)-3-(tert-butylcarbamoyl)octahydroisoquinolin-2(1H)-yl]-3-hydroxy-1-phenylbutan-2-ylamine with the carboxy group of N(2)(-quinolin-2-ylcarbonyl)-L-asparagine. An inhibitor of HIV-1 protease.		4.87100L-asparagine derivative;
quinolines		antiviral drug;
HIV protease inhibitor
pancuronium
Pancuronium: A bis-quaternary steroid that is a competitive nicotinic antagonist. As a neuromuscular blocking agent it is more potent than CURARE but has less effect on the circulatory system and on histamine release.. pancuronium : A steroid ester in which a 5alpha-androstane skeleton is C-3alpha- and C-17beta-disubstituted with acetoxy groups and 2beta- and 16beta-disubstituted with 1-methylpiperidinium-1-yl groups. It is a non-depolarizing curare-mimetic muscle relaxant.		3.5820acetate ester;
steroid ester		cholinergic antagonist;
muscle relaxant;
nicotinic antagonist
abacavir
abacavir: a carbocyclic nucleoside with potent selective anti-HIV activity. abacavir : A 2,6-diaminopurine that is (1S)-cyclopent-2-en-1-ylmethanol in which the pro-R hydrogen at the 4-position is substituted by a 2-amino-6-(cyclopropylamino)-9H-purin-9-yl group. A nucleoside analogue reverse transcriptase inhibitor (NRTI) with antiretroviral activity against HIV, it is used (particularly as the sulfate) with other antiretrovirals in combination therapy of HIV infection.		4.43602,6-diaminopurinesantiviral drug;
drug allergen;
HIV-1 reverse transcriptase inhibitor
epiandrosterone
epiandrosterone : A 3beta-hydroxy steroid that is (5alpha)-androstane substituted by a beta-hydroxy group at position 3 and an oxo group at position 17.		2.051017-oxo steroid;
3beta-hydroxy steroid;
androstanoid		androgen;
human metabolite
netilmicin
Netilmicin: Semisynthetic 1-N-ethyl derivative of SISOMYCIN, an aminoglycoside antibiotic with action similar to gentamicin, but less ear and kidney toxicity.		2.9640
trimethaphan camsylate
trimethaphan camsylate : The (S)-camphorsulfonate salt of trimethaphan.		2.0510
perindopril erbumine
[no description available]		2.0810addition compoundantihypertensive agent;
EC 3.4.15.1 (peptidyl-dipeptidase A) inhibitor
miglitol
[no description available]		3.6120piperidines
amiodarone hydrochloride
[no description available]		2.4420aromatic ketone
mometasone furoate
Mometasone Furoate: A pregnadienediol derivative ANTI-ALLERGIC AGENT and ANTI-INFLAMMATORY AGENT that is used in the management of ASTHMA and ALLERGIC RHINITIS. It is also used as a topical treatment for skin disorders.		2.462011beta-hydroxy steroid;
2-furoate ester;
20-oxo steroid;
3-oxo-Delta(1),Delta(4)-steroid;
organochlorine compound;
steroid ester		anti-allergic agent;
anti-inflammatory drug
dicyclomine hydrochloride
dicyclomine hydrochloride : The hydrochloride salt of dicyclomine. An anticholinergic, it is used to treat or prevent spasm in the muscles of the gastrointestinal tract, particularly that associated with irritable bowel syndrome.		2.4420hydrochlorideantispasmodic drug;
muscarinic antagonist
metyrosine
alpha-methyl-L-tyrosine : An L-tyrosine derivative that consists of L-tyrosine bearing an additional methyl substituent at position 2. An inhibitor of the enzyme tyrosine 3-monooxygenase, and consequently of the synthesis of catecholamines. It is used to control the symptoms of excessive sympathetic stimulation in patients with pheochromocytoma.		4.2550L-tyrosine derivative;
non-proteinogenic L-alpha-amino acid		antihypertensive agent;
EC 1.14.16.2 (tyrosine 3-monooxygenase) inhibitor
rocuronium bromide
rocuronium bromide : The organic bromide salt of a 5alpha androstane compound having 3alpha-hydroxy-, 17beta-acetoxy-, 2beta-morpholino- and 16beta-N-allyllyrrolidinium substituents.		2.4520organic bromide salt;
quaternary ammonium salt		muscle relaxant;
neuromuscular agent
nortriptyline hydrochloride
[no description available]		2.9640organic tricyclic compoundgeroprotector
erythromycin estolate
Erythromycin Estolate: A macrolide antibiotic, produced by Streptomyces erythreus. It is the lauryl sulfate salt of the propionic ester of erythromycin. This erythromycin salt acts primarily as a bacteriostatic agent. In sensitive organisms, it inhibits protein synthesis by binding to 50S ribosomal subunits. This binding process inhibits peptidyl transferase activity and interferes with translocation of amino acids during translation and assembly of proteins.		3.3260aminoglycoside sulfate salt;
erythromycin derivative		enzyme inhibitor
kanamycin sulfate
[no description available]		2.4620aminoglycoside sulfate saltantibacterial drug;
geroprotector
paromomycin sulfate
paromomycin sulfate : An aminoglycoside sulfate salt resulting from the treatment of paromomycin with sulfuric acid. A broad-spectrum antibiotic, it is used for the treatment of acute and chronic intestinal protozoal infections, but is not effective for extraintestinal protozoal infections. It is also used as a therapeutic against visceral leishmaniasis.		2.7430
terconazole
terconazole: structure & RN for (cis)-isomer from first source. terconazole : A racemate consisting of equimolar amounts of (2R,4S)- and (2S,4R)-terconazole. It has broad-spectrum antifungal activitiy and is used for the treatment of vaginal yeast infections (Candida).. (2R,4S)-terconazole : A 1-(4-{[2-(2,4-dichlorophenyl)-2-(1H-1,2,4-triazol-1-ylmethyl)-1,3-dioxolan-4-yl]methoxy}phenyl)-4-isopropylpiperazine in which positions 2 and 4 of the 1,3-dioxolane moiety have R and S configuration, respectively.		2.02101-(4-{[2-(2,4-dichlorophenyl)-2-(1H-1,2,4-triazol-1-ylmethyl)-1,3-dioxolan-4-yl]methoxy}phenyl)-4-isopropylpiperazine
bacampicillin
bacampicillin: ester prodrug that is hydrolyzed to ampicillin after its absorption from the gastrointestinal tract; RN given refers to parent cpd; structure. bacampicillin : A penicillanic acid ester that is the 1-ethoxycarbonyloxyethyl ester of ampicillin. It is a semi-synthetic, microbiologically inactive prodrug of ampicillin.		2.4320penicillanic acid esterprodrug
linezolid
[no description available]		3.8830acetamides;
morpholines;
organofluorine compound;
oxazolidinone		antibacterial drug;
protein synthesis inhibitor
(S)-bicalutamide
(S)-bicalutamide : A N-[4-cyano-3-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl]-3-[(4-fluorophenyl)sulfonyl]-2-hydroxy-2-methylpropanamide that is the (S)-enantiomer of bicalutamide.		2.0710N-[4-cyano-3-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl]-3-[(4-fluorophenyl)sulfonyl]-2-hydroxy-2-methylpropanamide
canaline
canaline: structure		2.0510amino acid zwitterion;
non-proteinogenic L-alpha-amino acid		antimetabolite;
antineoplastic agent;
phytogenic insecticide;
plant metabolite
ryanodine
Ryanodine: A methylpyrrole-carboxylate from RYANIA that disrupts the RYANODINE RECEPTOR CALCIUM RELEASE CHANNEL to modify CALCIUM release from SARCOPLASMIC RETICULUM resulting in alteration of MUSCLE CONTRACTION. It was previously used in INSECTICIDES. It is used experimentally in conjunction with THAPSIGARGIN and other inhibitors of CALCIUM ATPASE uptake of calcium into SARCOPLASMIC RETICULUM.. ryanodine : An insecticide alkaloid isolated from South American plant Ryania speciosa.		2.0510
angustibalin
angustibalin: sesquiterpene lactone from Balduina angustifolia (Pursh) Robins; structure		2.0410sesquiterpene lactone
genipin
[no description available]		2.0810iridoid monoterpenoidanti-inflammatory agent;
antioxidant;
apoptosis inhibitor;
cross-linking reagent;
hepatotoxic agent;
uncoupling protein inhibitor
naringin
[no description available]		2.0710(2S)-flavan-4-one;
4'-hydroxyflavanones;
dihydroxyflavanone;
disaccharide derivative;
neohesperidoside		anti-inflammatory agent;
antineoplastic agent;
metabolite
ochratoxin a
ochratoxin A: structure in first source & in Merck, 9th ed, #6549. ochratoxin A : A phenylalanine derivative resulting from the formal condensation of the amino group of L-phenylalanine with the carboxy group of (3R)-5-chloro-8-hydroxy-3-methyl-1-oxo-3,4-dihydro-1H-2-benzopyran-7-carboxylic acid (ochratoxin alpha). It is among the most widely occurring food-contaminating mycotoxins, produced by Aspergillus ochraceus, Aspergillus carbonarius and Penicillium verrucosum.		2.0210isochromanes;
monocarboxylic acid amide;
N-acyl-L-phenylalanine;
organochlorine compound;
phenylalanine derivative		Aspergillus metabolite;
calcium channel blocker;
carcinogenic agent;
mycotoxin;
nephrotoxin;
Penicillium metabolite;
teratogenic agent
Dubinidine
[no description available]		2.0310organic heterotricyclic compound;
organonitrogen heterocyclic compound;
oxacycle
cyclopamine
[no description available]		2.7330piperidinesglioma-associated oncogene inhibitor
s-(4-azidophenacyl)glutathione
S-(4-azidophenacyl)glutathione: photoaffinity label deriv of glutathione; inhibits glyoxalase I (EC 4.4.1.5)		2.0310peptide
n-formylmethionine leucyl-phenylalanine
N-Formylmethionine Leucyl-Phenylalanine: A formylated tripeptide originally isolated from bacterial filtrates that is positively chemotactic to polymorphonuclear leucocytes, and causes them to release lysosomal enzymes and become metabolically activated.. N-formyl-L-methionyl-L-leucyl-L-phenylalanine : A tripeptide composed of L-Met, L-Leu and L-Phe in a linear sequence with a formyl group at the amino terminus. It acts as a potent inducer of leucocyte chemotaxis and macrophage activator as well as a ligand for the FPR receptor.		1.9910tripeptide
hydroxylamine hydrochloride
[no description available]		2.4420organic molecular entity
devazepide
Devazepide: A derivative of benzodiazepine that acts on the cholecystokinin A (CCKA) receptor to antagonize CCK-8's (SINCALIDE) physiological and behavioral effects, such as pancreatic stimulation and inhibition of feeding.. devazepide : An indolecarboxamide obtained by formal condensation of the carboxy group of indole-2-carboxylic acid with the exocyclic amino group of (3S)-3-amino-1-methyl-5-phenyl-1,3-dihydro-1,4-benzodiazepin-2-one. A cholecystokinin antagonist used for treatment of gastrointestinal disorders.		2.47201,4-benzodiazepinone;
indolecarboxamide		antineoplastic agent;
apoptosis inducer;
cholecystokinin antagonist;
gastrointestinal drug
chloramphenicol palmitate
chloramphenicol palmitate: RN given refers to ((R-(R*,R*))-isomer)		2.4620hexadecanoate ester
clindamycin phosphate
[no description available]		3.2310
sb 228357
SB 228357: a neuroleptic with equivalent or higher antagonist affinity for 5-HT2 than for dopamine D2 receptor		2.4420indolyl carboxylic acid
diprenorphine
Diprenorphine: A narcotic antagonist similar in action to NALOXONE. It is used to remobilize animals after ETORPHINE neuroleptanalgesia and is considered a specific antagonist to etorphine.		1.9910morphinane alkaloid
3,5-dihydroxyphenylglycine
(S)-3,5-dihydroxyphenylglycine : A glycine derivative that is L-alpha-phenylglycine substituted at positions 3 and 5 on the phenyl ring by hydroxy groups.		2.0310amino acid zwitterion;
non-proteinogenic L-alpha-amino acid;
resorcinols
actinonin
actinonin: natural hydroxamic acid, pseudopeptide antibiotic isolated from Streptomyces species; structure		2.4420
calcium pantothenate
[no description available]		2.4620polymer
pemirolast potassium salt
[no description available]		2.0810
eplerenone
Eplerenone: A spironolactone derivative and selective ALDOSTERONE RECEPTOR antagonist that is used in the management of HYPERTENSION and CONGESTIVE HEART FAILURE, post-MYOCARDIAL INFARCTION.		3.61203-oxo-Delta(4) steroid;
epoxy steroid;
gamma-lactone;
methyl ester;
organic heteropentacyclic compound;
oxaspiro compound;
steroid acid ester		aldosterone antagonist;
antihypertensive agent
tolterodine
[no description available]		3.8730tertiary amineantispasmodic drug;
muscarinic antagonist;
muscle relaxant
doxorubicin hydrochloride
[no description available]		2.7530anthracycline
halcinonide
Halcinonide: A glucocorticoid used topically in the treatment of DERMATITIS; ECZEMA; or PSORIASIS. It may cause skin irritation.		2.0710organic molecular entitySMO receptor agonist
metrizamide
Metrizamide: A solute for density gradient centrifugation offering higher maximum solution density without the problems of increased viscosity. It is also used as a resorbable, non-ionic contrast medium.		2.4620amino sugar
erythromycin ethylsuccinate
Erythromycin Ethylsuccinate: A macrolide antibiotic, produced by Streptomyces erythreus. This compound is an ester of erythromycin base and succinic acid. It acts primarily as a bacteriostatic agent. In sensitive organisms, it inhibits protein synthesis by binding to 50S ribosomal subunits. This binding process inhibits peptidyl transferase activity and interferes with translocation of amino acids during translation and assembly of proteins.. erythromycin ethylsuccinate : A erythromycin derivative that is erythromycin A in which the hydroxy group at position 3R is substituted by a (4-ethoxy-4-oxobutanoyl)oxy group. It is used for the treatment of a wide variety of bacterial infections.		2.4420cyclic ketone;
erythromycin derivative;
ethyl ester;
succinate ester
vinpocetine
vinpocetine: whole issue of Arzneim Forsch (23 articles) discuss this drug; Arzneim Forsch 26(10a);1976; RN given refers to parent cpd with unspecified isomeric designation		2.4420alkaloidgeroprotector
amcinonide
amcinonide: structure		2.021011beta-hydroxy steroid;
20-oxo steroid;
3-oxo-Delta(1),Delta(4)-steroid;
acetate ester;
corticosteroid;
fluorinated steroid;
spiroketal		anti-inflammatory drug
betamethasone acetate
[no description available]		2.021011beta-hydroxy steroid;
17alpha-hydroxy steroid;
20-oxo steroid;
3-oxo-Delta(1),Delta(4)-steroid;
acetate ester;
fluorinated steroid;
steroid ester;
tertiary alpha-hydroxy ketone
flumethasone pivalate
flumethasone pivalate: structure		2.031011beta-hydroxy steroid;
17alpha-hydroxy steroid;
20-oxo steroid;
3-oxo-Delta(1),Delta(4)-steroid;
fluorinated steroid;
glucocorticoid;
pivalate ester;
tertiary alpha-hydroxy ketone		anti-inflammatory drug;
antipruritic drug
tibolone
tibolone: used in prevention of postmenopausal osteoporosis. tibolone : Estran-3-one with a double bond between positions 5 and 10, and bearing both an ethynyl group and a hydroxy group at position 17 (R-configuration). A synthetic steroid hormone drug which acts as an agonist at all five type I steroid hormone receptors, it is used in the prevention of postmenopausal osteoporosis and for treatment of endometriosis.		2.442017beta-hydroxy steroid;
terminal acetylenic compound		bone density conservation agent;
hormone agonist
ao 128
AO 128: alpha-glucosidase inhibitor; structure given in first source		2.4720organic molecular entity
loteprednol etabonate
Loteprednol Etabonate: An androstadiene derivative corticosteroid that is used as an ANTI-ALLERGIC AGENT for the treatment of inflammatory and allergic eye conditions.		2.081011beta-hydroxy steroid;
3-oxo-Delta(1),Delta(4)-steroid;
etabonate ester;
organochlorine compound;
steroid acid ester;
steroid ester		anti-inflammatory drug
darifenacin
darifenacin : 2-[(3S)-1-Ethylpyrrolidin-3-yl]-2,2-diphenylacetamide in which one of the hydrogens at the 2-position of the ethyl group is substituted by a 2,3-dihydro-1-benzofuran-5-yl group. It is a selective antagonist for the M3 muscarinic acetylcholine receptor, which is primarily responsible for bladder muscle contractions, and is used as the hydrobromide salt in the management of urinary incontinence.		3.61201-benzofurans;
monocarboxylic acid amide;
pyrrolidines		antispasmodic drug;
muscarinic antagonist
dihydroergocristine monomesylate
dihydroergocristine mesylate : The methanesulfonic acid salt of dihydroergocristine. It has been used as the for the symptomatic treatment of mental deterioration associated with cerebrovascular insufficiency and in peripheral vascular disease. It is also a component of ergoloid mesylate (codergocrine mesilate), a mixture of ergot alkaloid derivatives that is used as a vasodilator and has shown mild benefits in the treatment of vascular dementia.		2.4420methanesulfonate saltalpha-adrenergic antagonist;
geroprotector;
vasodilator agent
fluticasone propionate
fluticasone propionate : A trifluorinated corticosteroid that consists of 6alpha,9-difluoro-11beta,17alpha-dihydroxy-17beta-{[(fluoromethyl)sulfanyl]carbonyl}-16-methyl-3-oxoandrosta-1,4-diene bearing a propionyl substituent at position 17; has anti-inflammatory, anti-asthmatic and anti-allergic activity.		2.081011beta-hydroxy steroid;
3-oxo-Delta(1),Delta(4)-steroid;
corticosteroid;
fluorinated steroid;
propanoate ester;
steroid ester;
thioester		adrenergic agent;
anti-allergic agent;
anti-asthmatic drug;
anti-inflammatory drug;
bronchodilator agent;
dermatologic drug
betadex
beta-Cyclodextrins: Cyclic GLUCANS consisting of seven (7) glucopyranose units linked by 1,4-glycosidic bonds.		2.9740cyclodextrin
acarbose
[no description available]		3.1450amino cyclitol;
glycoside
maleic acid
maleic acid: RN given refers to parent cpd(Z)-isomer which is maleic acid; all RR's given refer to (Z)-isomer; (E)-isomer is fumaric acid. maleic acid : A butenedioic acid in which the double bond has cis- (Z)-configuration.		2.4620butenedioic acidalgal metabolite;
mouse metabolite;
plant metabolite
tretinoin
Tretinoin: An important regulator of GENE EXPRESSION during growth and development, and in NEOPLASMS. Tretinoin, also known as retinoic acid and derived from maternal VITAMIN A, is essential for normal GROWTH; and EMBRYONIC DEVELOPMENT. An excess of tretinoin can be teratogenic. It is used in the treatment of PSORIASIS; ACNE VULGARIS; and several other SKIN DISEASES. It has also been approved for use in promyelocytic leukemia (LEUKEMIA, PROMYELOCYTIC, ACUTE).. retinoic acid : A retinoid consisting of 3,7-dimethylnona-2,4,6,8-tetraenoic acid substituted at position 9 by a 2,6,6-trimethylcyclohex-1-en-1-yl group (geometry of the four exocyclic double bonds is not specified).. all-trans-retinoic acid : A retinoic acid in which all four exocyclic double bonds have E- (trans-) geometry.		5.01120retinoic acid;
vitamin A		anti-inflammatory agent;
antineoplastic agent;
antioxidant;
AP-1 antagonist;
human metabolite;
keratolytic drug;
retinoic acid receptor agonist;
retinoid X receptor agonist;
signalling molecule
equilenin
Equilenin: An estrogenic steroid produced by HORSES. It has a total of five double bonds in the A- and B-ring. High concentration of equilenin is found in the URINE of pregnant mares.. equilenin : A 3-hydroxy steroid that is estrone which carries two double bonds at positions 6 and 8. It is found in the urine of pregnant mare's and extensively used for estrogen replacement therapy in postmenopausal women.		2.051017-oxo steroid;
3-hydroxy steroid		antioxidant;
mammalian metabolite
arachidonic acid
icosa-5,8,11,14-tetraenoic acid : Any icosatetraenoic acid with the double bonds at positions 5, 8, 11 and 14.. arachidonate : A long-chain fatty acid anion resulting from the removal of a proton from the carboxy group of arachidonic acid.		2.0610icosa-5,8,11,14-tetraenoic acid;
long-chain fatty acid;
omega-6 fatty acid		Daphnia galeata metabolite;
EC 3.1.1.1 (carboxylesterase) inhibitor;
human metabolite;
mouse metabolite
resveratrol
trans-resveratrol : A resveratrol in which the double bond has E configuration.		8.1550resveratrolantioxidant;
phytoalexin;
plant metabolite;
quorum sensing inhibitor;
radical scavenger
retinol
Vitamin A: Retinol and derivatives of retinol that play an essential role in metabolic functioning of the retina, the growth of and differentiation of epithelial tissue, the growth of bone, reproduction, and the immune response. Dietary vitamin A is derived from a variety of CAROTENOIDS found in plants. It is enriched in the liver, egg yolks, and the fat component of dairy products.. vitamin A : Any member of a group of fat-soluble retinoids produced via metabolism of provitamin A carotenoids that exhibit biological activity against vitamin A deficiency. Vitamin A is involved in immune function, vision, reproduction, and cellular communication.. all-trans-retinol : A retinol in which all four exocyclic double bonds have E- (trans-) geometry.. retinol : A retinoid consisting of 3,7-dimethylnona-2,4,6,8-tetraen-1-ol substituted at position 9 by a 2,6,6-trimethylcyclohex-1-en-1-yl group (geometry of the four exocyclic double bonds is not specified).		3.8630retinol;
vitamin A		human metabolite;
mouse metabolite;
plant metabolite
cyanoginosin lr
cyanoginosin LR: cyclic heptapeptide from cyanobacterium Microcystis aeruginosa. microcystin-LR : A microcystin consisting of D-alanyl, L-leucyl, (3S)-3-methyl-D-beta-aspartyl,L-arginyl, 2S,3S,4E,6E,8S,9S)-3-amino-4,5,6,7-tetradehydro-9-methoxy-2,6,8-trimethyl-10-phenyldecanoyl, D-gamma-glutamyl, and 2,3-didehydro-N-methylalanyl residues joined into a 25-membered macrocycle. Produced by the cyanobacterium Microcystis aeruginosa, it is the most studied of the microcystins.		2.4620microcystinbacterial metabolite;
EC 3.1.3.16 (phosphoprotein phosphatase) inhibitor;
environmental contaminant;
xenobiotic
alpha-D-fructofuranose 1,6-bisphosphate
alpha-D-fructofuranose 1,6-bisphosphate : A D-fructofuranose 1,6-bisphosphate with an alpha-configuration at the anomeric position.		2.0510D-fructofuranose 1,6-bisphosphate
docosahexaenoate
efalex: a mixture of fish oil and primrose oil; used as a high-docosahexaenoic acid fatty acid supplement. docosahexaenoic acid : Any C22 polyunsaturated fatty acid containing six double bonds.. docosahexaenoate : A polyunsaturated fatty acid anion that is the conjugate base of docosahexaenoic acid, obtained by deprotonation of the carboxy group; major species at pH 7.3.. all-cis-docosa-4,7,10,13,16,19-hexaenoic acid : A docosahexaenoic acid having six cis-double bonds at positions 4, 7, 10, 13, 16 and 19.		2.0510docosahexaenoic acid;
omega-3 fatty acid		algal metabolite;
antineoplastic agent;
Daphnia tenebrosa metabolite;
human metabolite;
mouse metabolite;
nutraceutical
oleic acid
Oleic Acid: An unsaturated fatty acid that is the most widely distributed and abundant fatty acid in nature. It is used commercially in the preparation of oleates and lotions, and as a pharmaceutical solvent. (Stedman, 26th ed). oleic acid : An octadec-9-enoic acid in which the double bond at C-9 has Z (cis) stereochemistry.		2.4520octadec-9-enoic acidantioxidant;
Daphnia galeata metabolite;
EC 3.1.1.1 (carboxylesterase) inhibitor;
Escherichia coli metabolite;
mouse metabolite;
plant metabolite;
solvent
tacrolimus
Tacrolimus: A macrolide isolated from the culture broth of a strain of Streptomyces tsukubaensis that has strong immunosuppressive activity in vivo and prevents the activation of T-lymphocytes in response to antigenic or mitogenic stimulation in vitro.. tacrolimus (anhydrous) : A macrolide lactam containing a 23-membered lactone ring, originally isolated from the fermentation broth of a Japanese soil sample that contained the bacteria Streptomyces tsukubaensis.		4.2850macrolide lactambacterial metabolite;
immunosuppressive agent
cerivastatin
cerivastatin: cerivastatin is the ((E)-(+))-isomer; structure given in first source. cerivastatin : (3R,5S)-3,5-dihydroxyhept-6-enoic acid in which the (7E)-hydrogen is substituted by a 4-(4-fluorophenyl)-2,6-diisopropyl-5-(methoxymethyl)pyridin-3-yl group. Formerly used (as its sodium salt) to lower cholesterol and prevent cardiovascular disease, it was withdrawn from the market worldwide in 2001 following reports of a severe form of muscle toxicity.		3.1650dihydroxy monocarboxylic acid;
pyridines;
statin (synthetic)
rosuvastatin
rosuvastatin : A dihydroxy monocarboxylic acid that is (6E)-7-{4-(4-fluorophenyl)-2-[methyl(methylsulfonyl)amino]-6-(propan-2-yl)pyrimidin-5-yl} hept-6-enoic acid carrying two hydroxy substituents at positions 3 and 5 (the 3R,5S-diastereomer).		3.8730dihydroxy monocarboxylic acid;
monofluorobenzenes;
pyrimidines;
statin (synthetic);
sulfonamide		anti-inflammatory agent;
antilipemic drug;
cardioprotective agent;
CETP inhibitor;
environmental contaminant;
xenobiotic
cocaine
Cocaine: An alkaloid ester extracted from the leaves of plants including coca. It is a local anesthetic and vasoconstrictor and is clinically used for that purpose, particularly in the eye, ear, nose, and throat. It also has powerful central nervous system effects similar to the amphetamines and is a drug of abuse. Cocaine, like amphetamines, acts by multiple mechanisms on brain catecholaminergic neurons; the mechanism of its reinforcing effects is thought to involve inhibition of dopamine uptake.. cocaine : A tropane alkaloid obtained from leaves of the South American shrub Erythroxylon coca.		2.4720benzoate ester;
methyl ester;
tertiary amino compound;
tropane alkaloid		adrenergic uptake inhibitor;
central nervous system stimulant;
dopamine uptake inhibitor;
environmental contaminant;
local anaesthetic;
mouse metabolite;
plant metabolite;
serotonin uptake inhibitor;
sodium channel blocker;
sympathomimetic agent;
vasoconstrictor agent;
xenobiotic
eicosapentaenoic acid
icosapentaenoic acid : Any straight-chain, C20 polyunsaturated fatty acid having five C=C double bonds.. all-cis-5,8,11,14,17-icosapentaenoic acid : An icosapentaenoic acid having five cis-double bonds at positions 5, 8, 11, 14 and 17.		2.4920icosapentaenoic acid;
omega-3 fatty acid		anticholesteremic drug;
antidepressant;
antineoplastic agent;
Daphnia galeata metabolite;
fungal metabolite;
micronutrient;
mouse metabolite;
nutraceutical
thapsigargin
Thapsigargin: A sesquiterpene lactone found in roots of THAPSIA. It inhibits SARCOPLASMIC RETICULUM CALCIUM-TRANSPORTING ATPASES.. thapsigargin : An organic heterotricyclic compound that is a hexa-oxygenated 6,7-guaianolide isolated fron the roots of Thapsia garganica L., Apiaceae. A potent skin irritant, it is used in traditional medicine as a counter-irritant. Thapsigargin inhibits Ca(2+)-transporting ATPase mediated uptake of calcium ions into sarcoplasmic reticulum and is used in experimentation examining the impacts of increasing cytosolic calcium concentrations.		2.7130butyrate ester;
organic heterotricyclic compound;
sesquiterpene lactone		calcium channel blocker;
EC 3.6.3.8 (Ca(2+)-transporting ATPase) inhibitor
mycophenolic acid
Mycophenolic Acid: Compound derived from Penicillium stoloniferum and related species. It blocks de novo biosynthesis of purine nucleotides by inhibition of the enzyme inosine monophosphate dehydrogenase (IMP DEHYDROGENASE). Mycophenolic acid exerts selective effects on the immune system in which it prevents the proliferation of T-CELLS, LYMPHOCYTES, and the formation of antibodies from B-CELLS. It may also inhibit recruitment of LEUKOCYTES to sites of INFLAMMATION.. mycophenolate : A monocarboxylic acid anion resulting from the removal of a proton from the carboxy group of mycophenolic acid.. mycophenolic acid : A member of the class of 2-benzofurans that is 2-benzofuran-1(3H)-one which is substituted at positions 4, 5, 6, and 7 by methyl, methoxy, (2E)-5-carboxy-3-methylpent-2-en-1-yl, and hydroxy groups, respectively. It is an antibiotic produced by Penicillium brevi-compactum, P. stoloniferum, P. echinulatum and related species. An immunosuppressant, it is widely used (partiularly as its sodium salt and as the 2-(morpholin-4-yl)ethyl ester prodrug, mycophenolate mofetil) to prevent tissue rejection following organ transplants and for the treatment of certain autoimmune diseases.		4.44602-benzofurans;
gamma-lactone;
monocarboxylic acid;
phenols		anticoronaviral agent;
antimicrobial agent;
antineoplastic agent;
EC 1.1.1.205 (IMP dehydrogenase) inhibitor;
environmental contaminant;
immunosuppressive agent;
mycotoxin;
Penicillium metabolite;
xenobiotic
mupirocin
Mupirocin: A topically used antibiotic from a strain of Pseudomonas fluorescens. It has shown excellent activity against gram-positive staphylococci and streptococci. The antibiotic is used primarily for the treatment of primary and secondary skin disorders, nasal infections, and wound healing.. mupirocin : An alpha,beta-unsaturated ester resulting from the formal condensation of the alcoholic hydroxy group of 9-hydroxynonanoic acid with the carboxy group of (2E)-4-[(2S)-tetrahydro-2H-pyran-2-yl]-3-methylbut-2-enoic acid in which the tetrahydropyranyl ring is substituted at positions 3 and 4 by hydroxy groups and at position 5 by a {(2S,3S)-3-[(2S,3S)-3-hydroxybutan-2-yl]oxiran-2-yl}methyl group. Originally isolated from the Gram-negative bacterium Pseudomonas fluorescens, it is used as a topical antibiotic for the treatment of Gram-positive bacterial infections.		2.4520alpha,beta-unsaturated carboxylic ester;
epoxide;
monocarboxylic acid;
oxanes;
secondary alcohol;
triol		antibacterial drug;
bacterial metabolite;
protein synthesis inhibitor
clindamycin
Clindamycin: An antibacterial agent that is a semisynthetic analog of LINCOMYCIN.. clindamycin : A carbohydrate-containing antibiotic that is the semisynthetic derivative of lincomycin, a natural antibiotic.		4.3760
brivudine
brivudine: anti-herpes agent		2.0310
5,11-diethyl-5,6,11,12-tetrahydrochrysene-2,8-diol
5,11-diethyl-5,6,11,12-tetrahydrochrysene-2,8-diol: estrogen receptor ligand; structure in first source. (R,R)-5,11-diethyl-5,6,11,12-tetrahydro-2,8-chrysenediol : A carbotetracyclic compound that is 5,6,11,12-tetrahydrochrysene substituted by hydroxy groups at positions 2 and 8 and by ethyl groups at positions 5 and 11 (the 5R,11R-stereoisomer). It is an agonist of ER-alpha and antagonist of ER-beta receptors.		2.4420carbotetracyclic compound;
polyphenol		estrogen receptor agonist;
estrogen receptor antagonist;
geroprotector;
neuroprotective agent
fosfomycin
Fosfomycin: An antibiotic produced by Streptomyces fradiae.. fosfomycin : A phosphonic acid having an (R,S)-1,2-epoxypropyl group attached to phosphorus.		4.2550epoxide;
phosphonic acids		antimicrobial agent;
EC 2.5.1.7 (UDP-N-acetylglucosamine 1-carboxyvinyltransferase) inhibitor
zithromax
Azithromycin: A semi-synthetic macrolide antibiotic structurally related to ERYTHROMYCIN. It has been used in the treatment of Mycobacterium avium intracellulare infections, toxoplasmosis, and cryptosporidiosis.. azithromycin : A macrolide antibiotic useful for the treatment of bacterial infections.		4.7790macrolide antibioticantibacterial drug;
environmental contaminant;
xenobiotic
formycin
[no description available]		2.0410formycinantineoplastic agent
2-amino-3-(5-tert-butyl-3-(phosphonomethoxy)-4-isoxazolyl)propionic acid
2-amino-3-(5-tert-butyl-3-(phosphonomethoxy)-4-isoxazolyl)propionic acid: structure in first source		2.0310
drf 2725
ragaglitazar: a phenoxazine analogue of phenyl propanoic acid; Ragaglitazar is a coligand of PPARalpha and PPARgamma		2.7530
t0901317
T0901317: an LXRalpha and LXRbeta agonist		2.0310
y 27632
Y 27632: RN given for di-HCl salt; inhibits Rho-associated protein kinase; inhibits calcium sensitization to affect smooth muscle relaxation; structure in first source. Y-27632 : A monocarboxylic acid amide that is trans-[(1R)-1-aminoethyl]cyclohexanecarboxamide in which one of the nitrogens of the aminocarbony group is substituted by a pyridine nucleus. It has been shown to exhibit inhibitory activity against Rho-associated protein kinase (ROCK) enzyme.		2.0510aromatic amide
adenosine-5'-(n-ethylcarboxamide)
Adenosine-5'-(N-ethylcarboxamide): A stable adenosine A1 and A2 receptor agonist. Experimentally, it inhibits cAMP and cGMP phosphodiesterase activity.. N-ethyl-5'-carboxamidoadenosine : A derivative of adenosine in which the 5'-hydroxymethyl group is replaced by an N-ethylcarboxamido group.		2.0310adenosines;
monocarboxylic acid amide		adenosine A1 receptor agonist;
adenosine A2A receptor agonist;
antineoplastic agent;
EC 3.1.4.* (phosphoric diester hydrolase) inhibitor;
vasodilator agent
prostaglandin d2
Prostaglandin D2: The principal cyclooxygenase metabolite of arachidonic acid. It is released upon activation of mast cells and is also synthesized by alveolar macrophages. Among its many biological actions, the most important are its bronchoconstrictor, platelet-activating-factor-inhibitory, and cytotoxic effects.. prostaglandin D2 : A member of the class of prostaglandins D that is prosta-5,13-dien-1-oic acid substituted by hydroxy groups at positions 9 and 15 and an oxo group at position 11 (the 5Z,9alpha,13E,15S- stereoisomer).		2.0710prostaglandins Dhuman metabolite;
mouse metabolite
diethylstilbestrol
Diethylstilbestrol: A synthetic nonsteroidal estrogen used in the treatment of menopausal and postmenopausal disorders. It was also used formerly as a growth promoter in animals. According to the Fourth Annual Report on Carcinogens (NTP 85-002, 1985), diethylstilbestrol has been listed as a known carcinogen. (Merck, 11th ed). diethylstilbestrol : An olefinic compound that is trans-hex-3-ene in which the hydrogens at positions 3 and 4 have been replaced by p-hydroxyphenyl groups.		12.879215olefinic compound;
polyphenol		antifungal agent;
antineoplastic agent;
autophagy inducer;
calcium channel blocker;
carcinogenic agent;
EC 1.1.1.146 (11beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase) inhibitor;
EC 3.6.3.10 (H(+)/K(+)-exchanging ATPase) inhibitor;
endocrine disruptor;
xenoestrogen
octreotide
[no description available]		3.2310
eptifibatide
[no description available]		3.2310homodetic cyclic peptide;
macrocycle;
organic disulfide		anticoagulant;
platelet aggregation inhibitor
6-bromoindirubin-3'-oxime
6-bromoindirubin-3'-oxime: structure in first source. 6-bromoindirubin-3'-oxime : A member of the class of biindoles that is indirubin substituted at position 6 by a bromo group and in which the keto group at position 3' has undergone condensation with hydroxylamine to form the corresponding oxime.		2.0510
alitretinoin
Alitretinoin: A retinoid that is used for the treatment of chronic hand ECZEMA unresponsive to topical CORTICOSTEROIDS. It is also used to treat cutaneous lesions associated with AIDS-related KAPOSI SARCOMA.		2.0510retinoic acidantineoplastic agent;
keratolytic drug;
metabolite;
retinoid X receptor agonist
L-cycloserine
L-cycloserine : A 4-amino-1,2-oxazolidin-3-one that has S configuration. An antibiotic isolated from Erwinia uredovora.		2.03104-amino-1,2-oxazolidin-3-oneanti-HIV agent;
anticonvulsant;
EC 2.3.1.50 (serine C-palmitoyltransferase) inhibitor
h 89
N-(2-(4-bromocinnamylamino)ethyl)-5-isoquinolinesulfonamide: structure given in first source. N-[2-(4-bromocinnamylamino)ethyl]isoquinoline-5-sulfonamide : A member of the class of isoquinolines that is the sulfonamide obtained by formal condensation of the sulfo group of isoquinoline-5-sulfonic acid with the primary amino group of N(1)-[3-(4-bromophenyl)prop-2-en-1-yl]ethane-1,2-diamine. It is a protein kinase A inhibitor.. (E)-N-[2-(4-bromocinnamylamino)ethyl]isoquinoline-5-sulfonamide : A N-[2-(4-bromocinnamylamino)ethyl]isoquinoline-5-sulfonamide in which the double bond adopts a trans-configuration.		2.0510N-[2-(4-bromocinnamylamino)ethyl]isoquinoline-5-sulfonamide
afimoxifene
afimoxifene : A tertiary amino compound that is tamoxifen in which the phenyl group which is in a Z- relationship to the ethyl substituent is hydroxylated at the para- position. It is the active metabolite of tamoxifen.		2.940phenols;
tertiary amino compound		antineoplastic agent;
estrogen receptor antagonist;
metabolite
imidazolidines
[no description available]		13.81696azacycloalkane;
imidazolidines;
saturated organic heteromonocyclic parent
decitabine
[no description available]		4.27502'-deoxyribonucleoside
1,4-dideoxy-1,4-imino-d-arabinitol
[no description available]		2.0310
teniposide
[no description available]		4.2550aromatic ether;
beta-D-glucoside;
cyclic acetal;
furonaphthodioxole;
gamma-lactone;
monosaccharide derivative;
phenols;
thiophenes		antineoplastic agent;
EC 5.99.1.3 [DNA topoisomerase (ATP-hydrolysing)] inhibitor
iridoids
Iridoids: A type of MONOTERPENES, derived from geraniol. They have the general form of cyclopentanopyran, but in some cases, one of the rings is broken as in the case of secoiridoid. They are different from the similarly named iridals (TRITERPENES).		2.0810
valrubicin
[no description available]		2.0810anthracycline;
trifluoroacetamide
ketoconazole
(2R,4S)-ketoconazole : A cis-1-acetyl-4-(4-{[2-(2,4-dichlorophenyl)-2-(1H-imidazol-1-ylmethyl)-1,3-dioxolan-4-yl]methoxy}phenyl)piperazine which dioxolane moiety has (2R,4S)-configuration.		2.5320cis-1-acetyl-4-(4-{[2-(2,4-dichlorophenyl)-2-(1H-imidazol-1-ylmethyl)-1,3-dioxolan-4-yl]methoxy}phenyl)piperazine
purvalanol a
6-((3-chloro)anilino)-2-(isopropyl-2-hydroxyethylamino)-9-isopropylpurine: purvalanol A is the (1R)-isomer;		2.4520purvalanol
cefamandole
Cefamandole: Semisynthetic wide-spectrum cephalosporin with prolonged action, probably due to beta-lactamase resistance. It is used also as the nafate.. cefamandole : A cephalosporin compound having (R)-mandelamido and N-methylthiotetrazole side-groups.		2.9640cephalosporin;
semisynthetic derivative		antibacterial drug
dactinomycin
Dactinomycin: A compound composed of a two CYCLIC PEPTIDES attached to a phenoxazine that is derived from STREPTOMYCES parvullus. It binds to DNA and inhibits RNA synthesis (transcription), with chain elongation more sensitive than initiation, termination, or release. As a result of impaired mRNA production, protein synthesis also declines after dactinomycin therapy. (From AMA Drug Evaluations Annual, 1993, p2015)		5.33170actinomycinmutagen
tiazofurin
tiazofurin: RN given refers to (beta-D)-isomer; structure given in first source. tiazofurine : A C-glycosyl compound that is 1,3-thiazole-4-carboxamide in which the hydrogen at position 2 has been replaced by a beta-D-ribofuranosyl group. It is metabolised to thiazole-4-carboxamide adenine dinucleotide (TAD), a selective inhibitor of inosine monophosphate dehydrogenase (IMP dehydrogenase).		2.45201,3-thiazoles;
C-glycosyl compound;
monocarboxylic acid amide		antineoplastic agent;
EC 1.1.1.205 (IMP dehydrogenase) inhibitor;
prodrug
azaserine
Azaserine: Antibiotic substance produced by various Streptomyces species. It is an inhibitor of enzymatic activities that involve glutamine and is used as an antineoplastic and immunosuppressive agent.. azaserine : A carboxylic ester resulting from the formal condensation of the carboxy group of diazoacetic acid with the alcoholic hydroxy group of L-serine. An antibiotic produced by a Streptomyces species.		3.1250carboxylic ester;
diazo compound;
L-serine derivative;
non-proteinogenic L-alpha-amino acid		antifungal agent;
antimetabolite;
antimicrobial agent;
antineoplastic agent;
glutamine antagonist;
immunosuppressive agent;
metabolite
melphalan
Melphalan: An alkylating nitrogen mustard that is used as an antineoplastic in the form of the levo isomer - MELPHALAN, the racemic mixture - MERPHALAN, and the dextro isomer - MEDPHALAN; toxic to bone marrow, but little vesicant action; potential carcinogen.. melphalan : A phenylalanine derivative comprising L-phenylalanine having [bis(2-chloroethyl)amino group at the 4-position on the phenyl ring.		4.7690L-phenylalanine derivative;
nitrogen mustard;
non-proteinogenic L-alpha-amino acid;
organochlorine compound		alkylating agent;
antineoplastic agent;
carcinogenic agent;
drug allergen;
immunosuppressive agent
tenofovir
tenofovir (anhydrous) : A member of the class of phosphonic acids that is methylphosphonic acid in which one of the methyl hydrogens is replaced by a [(2R)-1-(6-amino-9H-purin-9-yl)propan-2-yl]oxy group. An inhibitor of HIV-1 reverse transcriptase, the bis(isopropyloxycarbonyloxymethyl) ester (disoproxil ester) prodrug is used as the fumaric acid salt in combination therapy for the treatment of HIV infection.		4.0940nucleoside analogue;
phosphonic acids		antiviral drug;
drug metabolite;
HIV-1 reverse transcriptase inhibitor
posaconazole
[no description available]		3.6120aromatic ether;
conazole antifungal drug;
N-arylpiperazine;
organofluorine compound;
oxolanes;
triazole antifungal drug;
triazoles		trypanocidal drug
dibekacin
Dibekacin: Analog of KANAMYCIN with antitubercular as well as broad-spectrum antimicrobial properties.. dibekacin : A kanamycin that is kanamycin B lacking the 3- and 4-hydroxy groups on the 2,6-diaminosugar ring.		2.0510kanamycinsantibacterial agent;
protein synthesis inhibitor
rubitecan
rubitecan: RN refers to (+-)-isomer; anti-HIV agent; DNA Topoisomerases, Type I inhibitor. rubitecan : A pyranoindolizinoquinoline that is camptothecin in which the hydrogen at position 9 has been replaced by a nitro group. It is a prodrug for 9-aminocamptothecin.		2.4720C-nitro compound;
delta-lactone;
pyranoindolizinoquinoline;
semisynthetic derivative;
tertiary alcohol		antineoplastic agent;
EC 5.99.1.2 (DNA topoisomerase) inhibitor;
prodrug
micafungin
Micafungin: A cyclic lipo-hexapeptide echinocandin antifungal agent that is used for the treatment and prevention of CANDIDIASIS.. micafungin : A cyclic hexapeptide echinocandin antibiotic which exerts its effect by inhibiting the synthesis of 1,3-beta-D-glucan, an integral component of the fungal cell wall. It is used as the sodium salt for the treatment of invasive candidiasis, and of aspergillosis in patients who are intolerant of other therapy.		3.5920antibiotic antifungal drug;
echinocandin		antiinfective agent
riboflavin
vitamin B2 : Any member of a group of vitamers that belong to the chemical structural class called flavins that exhibit biological activity against vitamin B2 deficiency. Symptoms associated with vitamin B2 deficiency include glossitis, seborrhea, angular stomaitis, cheilosis and photophobia. The vitamers include riboflavin and its phosphate derivatives (and includes their salt, ionised and hydrate forms).		3.8430flavin;
vitamin B2		anti-inflammatory agent;
antioxidant;
cofactor;
Escherichia coli metabolite;
food colouring;
fundamental metabolite;
human urinary metabolite;
mouse metabolite;
photosensitizing agent;
plant metabolite
potassium permanganate
Potassium Permanganate: Permanganic acid (HMnO4), potassium salt. A highly oxidative, water-soluble compound with purple crystals, and a sweet taste. (From McGraw-Hill Dictionary of Scientific and Technical Information, 4th ed)		3.1810
sodium bicarbonate
Sodium Bicarbonate: A white, crystalline powder that is commonly used as a pH buffering agent, an electrolyte replenisher, systemic alkalizer and in topical cleansing solutions.		3.8630one-carbon compound;
organic sodium salt		antacid;
food anticaking agent
sodium acetate, anhydrous
Sodium Acetate: The trihydrate sodium salt of acetic acid, which is used as a source of sodium ions in solutions for dialysis and as a systemic and urinary alkalizer, diuretic, and expectorant.		2.8130organic sodium saltNMR chemical shift reference compound
sodium benzoate
Sodium Benzoate: The sodium salt of BENZOIC ACID. It is used as an antifungal preservative in pharmaceutical preparations and foods. It may also be used as a test for liver function.. sodium benzoate : An organic sodium salt resulting from the replacement of the proton from the carboxy group of benzoic acid by a sodium ion.		2.0510organic sodium saltalgal metabolite;
antimicrobial food preservative;
drug allergen;
EC 1.13.11.33 (arachidonate 15-lipoxygenase) inhibitor;
EC 3.1.1.3 (triacylglycerol lipase) inhibitor;
human xenobiotic metabolite;
plant metabolite
arsenic trioxide
Tetraarsenic Oxide: A form of As2O3 that exists as As4O6 in the solid state. It dissociates to As2O3 upon heating to the vapor phase above 800 degrees Celsius.		3.8630arsenic oxideantineoplastic agent;
insecticide
dipyrone
Dipyrone: A drug that has analgesic, anti-inflammatory, and antipyretic properties. It is the sodium sulfonate of AMINOPYRINE.. metamizole sodium : An organic sodium salt of antipyrine substituted at C-4 by a methyl(sulfonatomethyl)amino group, commonly used as a powerful analgesic and antipyretic.		2.4520organic sodium saltanti-inflammatory agent;
antipyretic;
antirheumatic drug;
cyclooxygenase 3 inhibitor;
non-narcotic analgesic;
peripheral nervous system drug;
prodrug
ditiocarb sodium
[no description available]		2.0510organic molecular entity
bromochloroacetic acid
Keratins: A class of fibrous proteins or scleroproteins that represents the principal constituent of EPIDERMIS; HAIR; NAILS; horny tissues, and the organic matrix of tooth ENAMEL. Two major conformational groups have been characterized, alpha-keratin, whose peptide backbone forms a coiled-coil alpha helical structure consisting of TYPE I KERATIN and a TYPE II KERATIN, and beta-keratin, whose backbone forms a zigzag or pleated sheet structure. alpha-Keratins have been classified into at least 20 subtypes. In addition multiple isoforms of subtypes have been found which may be due to GENE DUPLICATION.. bromochloroacetic acid : A monocarboxylic acid that is acetic acid in which one of the methyl hydrogens is replaced by bromine while a second is replaced by chlorine. A low-melting (27.5-31.5degreeC), hygroscopic crystalline solid, it can be formed during the disinfection (by chlorination) of water that contains bromide ions and organic matter, so can occur in drinking water as a byproduct of the disinfection process.		3.5802-bromocarboxylic acid;
monocarboxylic acid;
organochlorine compound
Tetrahydropiperine
[no description available]		2.0510benzodioxoles
4-[[bis(2-hydroxyethyl)amino]methyl]-2,6-ditert-butylphenol
[no description available]		2.0410alkylbenzene
5 alpha-dihydronorethindrone
5 alpha-dihydronorethindrone: RN given refers to (5alpha,17alpha)-isomer		1.9610
idarubicin hydrochloride
[no description available]		2.4620anthracycline
aceglatone
aceglatone: structure in Merck		2.0410organic molecular entity
sch 22219
alclometasone dipropionate : A prednisolone compound having an alpha-chloro substituent at the 7-position, an alpha-methyl substituent at the 16-position and O-propanoyl groups at the 17- and 21-positions.		2.021011beta-hydroxy steroid;
20-oxo steroid;
3-oxo-Delta(1),Delta(4)-steroid;
chlorinated steroid;
glucocorticoid;
propanoate ester;
steroid ester		anti-inflammatory drug
sr 90107
fondaparinux sodium : An organic sodium salt, being the decasodium salt of fondaparinux.		3.2310
carbenoxolone sodium
Carbenoxolone: An agent derived from licorice root. It is used for the treatment of digestive tract ulcers, especially in the stomach. Antidiuretic side effects are frequent, but otherwise the drug is low in toxicity.		2.4620triterpenoid
carbenoxolone
[no description available]		2.7430
meglumine iodipamide
[no description available]		3.2310organoammonium saltradioopaque medium
isomethyleugenol
Methylation: Addition of methyl groups. In histo-chemistry methylation is used to esterify carboxyl groups and remove sulfate groups by treating tissue sections with hot methanol in the presence of hydrochloric acid. (From Stedman, 25th ed)		2.0810isomethyleugenol
piperine
piperine : A N-acylpiperidine that is piperidine substituted by a (1E,3E)-1-(1,3-benzodioxol-5-yl)-5-oxopenta-1,3-dien-5-yl group at the nitrogen atom. It is an alkaloid isolated from the plant Piper nigrum.		2.0510benzodioxoles;
N-acylpiperidine;
piperidine alkaloid;
tertiary carboxamide		food component;
human blood serum metabolite;
NF-kappaB inhibitor;
plant metabolite
stilbenes
Stilbenes: Organic compounds that contain 1,2-diphenylethylene as a functional group.. trans-stilbene : The trans-isomer of stilbene.		2.4920stilbene
isoliquiritigenin
[no description available]		2.4420chalconesantineoplastic agent;
biological pigment;
EC 1.14.18.1 (tyrosinase) inhibitor;
GABA modulator;
geroprotector;
metabolite;
NMDA receptor antagonist
thyrotropin-releasing hormone
PR 546: no other info available 9/89. protirelin : A tripeptide composed of L-pyroglutamyl, L-histidyl and L-prolinamide residues joined in sequence.		3.2310peptide hormone;
tripeptide		human metabolite
ilepcimide
ilepcimide: structure given in first source; RN given refers to compound with no isomeric designation		2.0510benzodioxoles
rauwolscine
Rauwolscine: A stereoisomer of yohimbine.		2.0310methyl 17-hydroxy-20xi-yohimban-16-carboxylate
discodermolide
[no description available]		2.0510diterpenoid
cannabidiol
Cannabidiol: Compound isolated from Cannabis sativa extract.. cannabidiol : An cannabinoid that is cyclohexene which is substituted by a methyl group at position 1, a 2,6-dihydroxy-4-pentylphenyl group at position 3, and a prop-1-en-2-yl group at position 4.		2.0510olefinic compound;
phytocannabinoid;
resorcinols		antimicrobial agent;
plant metabolite
arginine vasopressin
Arginine Vasopressin: The predominant form of mammalian antidiuretic hormone. It is a nonapeptide containing an ARGININE at residue 8 and two disulfide-linked cysteines at residues of 1 and 6. Arg-vasopressin is used to treat DIABETES INSIPIDUS or to improve vasomotor tone and BLOOD PRESSURE.. argipressin : The predominant form of mammalian vasopressin (antidiuretic hormone). It is a nonapeptide containing an arginine at residue 8 and two disulfide-linked cysteines at residues of 1 and 6.		4.2550vasopressincardiovascular drug;
hematologic agent;
mitogen
gw9662
2-chloro-5-nitrobenzanilide: pretreatment of peroxisome proliferator activated receptors with GW9662 results in the irreversible loss of ligand binding		2.4420benzamides
s 1033
[no description available]		3.2310(trifluoromethyl)benzenes;
imidazoles;
pyridines;
pyrimidines;
secondary amino compound;
secondary carboxamide		anticoronaviral agent;
antineoplastic agent;
tyrosine kinase inhibitor
calmidazolium
calmidazolium chloride : The organic choride salt of calmidazolium.		2.4420organic chloride saltapoptosis inducer;
calmodulin antagonist
mezlocillin
Mezlocillin: Semisynthetic ampicillin-derived acylureido penicillin. It has been proposed for infections with certain anaerobes and may be useful in inner ear, bile, and CNS infections.. mezlocillin : A penicillin in which the substituent at position 6 of the penam ring is a (2R)-2-[3-(methanesulfonyl)-2-oxoimidazolidine-1-carboxamido]-2-phenylacetamido group.		2.0210penicillin allergen;
penicillin		antibacterial drug
amygdalin
(R)-amygdalin : An amygdalin in which the stereocentre on the cyanohydrin function has R-configuration.		2.0410amygdalinantineoplastic agent;
apoptosis inducer;
plant metabolite
trilostane
trilostane: inhibits conversion of pregnenolone to progesterone; adrenal blocking agent used in treatment of Cushing's syndrome. trilostane : An epoxy steroid that is 3,17beta-dihydroxy-5alpha-androst-2-ene-2-carbonitrile in which the oxygen of the epoxy group is joined to the 4alpha and 5 alpha positions.		2.081017beta-hydroxy steroid;
3-hydroxy steroid;
androstanoid;
epoxy steroid;
nitrile		abortifacient;
antineoplastic agent;
EC 1.1.1.210 [3beta(or 20alpha)-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase] inhibitor
cholinophyllin
[no description available]		2.0210
mitobronitol
Mitobronitol: Brominated analog of MANNITOL which is an antineoplastic agent appearing to act as an alkylating agent.		2.0410alcohol;
organobromine compound
tropisetron hydrochloride
[no description available]		2.4420
Reactive blue 2
[no description available]		2.0310anthraquinone
5,6-dichloro-1-ethyl-1,3-dihydro-2h-benzimidazol-2-one
5,6-dichloro-1-ethyl-1,3-dihydro-2H-benzimidazol-2-one: stimulates Cl- secretion in the mouse jejunum		2.0310dichlorobenzene
quinidine sulfate
[no description available]		2.4420
erb 041
ERB 041: an estrogen receptor beta agonist; structure in first source		2.0210
leuprolide acetate
leuprolide acetate : An acetate salt obtained by combining the nonapeptide leuprolide with acetic acid. A long lasting GnRH analog, LH-Rh agonist. It is a synthetic nonapeptide analogue of gonadotropin-releasing hormone, and is used as a subcutaneous hydrogel implant for the treatment of prostate cancer and for the suppression of gonadal sex hormone production in children with central precocious puberty.		2.0810acetate saltantineoplastic agent;
gonadotropin releasing hormone agonist
leuprolide
Leuprolide: A potent synthetic long-acting agonist of GONADOTROPIN-RELEASING HORMONE that regulates the synthesis and release of pituitary gonadotropins, LUTEINIZING HORMONE and FOLLICLE STIMULATING HORMONE.. leuprolide : An oligopeptide comprising pyroglutamyl, histidyl, tryptophyl, seryl, tyrosyl, D-leucyl, leucyl, arginyl, and N-ethylprolinamide residues joined in sequence. It is a synthetic nonapeptide analogue of gonadotropin-releasing hormone, and is used as a subcutaneous hydrogel implant (particularly as the acetate salt) for the treatment of prostate cancer and for the suppression of gonadal sex hormone production in children with central precocious puberty.		19.3420492oligopeptideanti-estrogen;
antineoplastic agent;
gonadotropin releasing hormone agonist
octotropine methylbromide
octotropine methylbromide: minor descriptor (65-86); on line & INDEX MEDICUS search TROPANES (69-86); RN given refers to endo-isomer. anisotropine methylbromide : A quaternary ammonium salt resulting from the reaction of the amino group of anisotropine with methyl bromide.		2.4520
fludarabine
[no description available]		2.4320purine nucleoside
propylthiouracil
Propylthiouracil: A thiourea antithyroid agent. Propythiouracil inhibits the synthesis of thyroxine and inhibits the peripheral conversion of throxine to tri-iodothyronine. It is used in the treatment of hyperthyroidism. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopeoia, 30th ed, p534). 6-propyl-2-thiouracil : A pyrimidinethione consisting of uracil in which the 2-oxo group is substituted by a thio group and the hydrogen at position 6 is substituted by a propyl group.		4.7790pyrimidinethioneantidote to paracetamol poisoning;
antimetabolite;
antioxidant;
antithyroid drug;
carcinogenic agent;
EC 1.14.13.39 (nitric oxide synthase) inhibitor;
hormone antagonist
ipratropium bromide anhydrous
[no description available]		2.7330
ipratropium
[no description available]		2.0710
methamilane methiodide
[no description available]		2.0310
pilocarpine nitrate
[no description available]		2.0310
r 59949
R 59949: diacylglycerol kinase inhibitor		2.4420diarylmethane
n(6)-cyclopentyladenosine
[no description available]		2.4420
methylatropine nitrate
[no description available]		2.4420
prothionamide
Prothionamide: Antitubercular agent similar in action and side effects to ETHIONAMIDE. It is used mostly in combination with other agents.		2.0510pyridines
chlorprothixene
Chlorprothixene: A thioxanthine with effects similar to the phenothiazine antipsychotics.. (Z)-chlorprothixene : A chlorprothixene in which the double bond adopts a (Z)-configuration.		2.9740chlorprothixene
dienestrol
Dienestrol: A synthetic, non-steroidal estrogen structurally related to stilbestrol. It is used, usually as the cream, in the treatment of menopausal and postmenopausal symptoms.. dienestrol : An olefinic compound that is hexa-2,4-diene substituted by 4-hydroxyphenyl groups at positions 3 and 4 respectively.		2.6620
etomidate
Etomidate: Imidazole derivative anesthetic and hypnotic with little effect on blood gases, ventilation, or the cardiovascular system. It has been proposed as an induction anesthetic.. etomidate : The ethyl ester of 1-[(1R)-1-phenylethyl]-1H-imidazole-5-carboxylic acid. It is an intravenous general anaesthetic with no analgesic activity.		4.0740ethyl ester;
imidazoles		intravenous anaesthetic;
sedative
mercaptopurine
Mercaptopurine: An antimetabolite antineoplastic agent with immunosuppressant properties. It interferes with nucleic acid synthesis by inhibiting purine metabolism and is used, usually in combination with other drugs, in the treatment of or in remission maintenance programs for leukemia.. purine-6-thiol : A thiol that is the tautomer of mercaptopurine.. mercaptopurine : A member of the class of purines that is 6,7-dihydro-1H-purine carrying a thione group at position 6. An adenine analogue, it is used in the treatment of acute lymphocytic leukemia (ALL), chronic myeloid leukemia (CML), Crohn's disease, and ulcerative colitis.		4.87100aryl thiol;
purines;
thiocarbonyl compound		anticoronaviral agent;
antimetabolite;
antineoplastic agent
methylthiouracil
Methylthiouracil: A thiourea antithyroid agent that inhibits the synthesis of thyroid hormone. It is used in the treatment of hyperthyroidism.		2.0710pyrimidone
sb 366791
N-(3-methoxyphenyl)-4-chlorocinnamanilide: a TRPV1 antagonist; structure in first source		2.4420
ag-213
tyrphostin 47: inhibits protein-tyrosine kinase activity of EGF-R both in vitro and in living cells;		2.4420
3,3',4,5'-tetrahydroxystilbene
3,3',4,5'-tetrahydroxystilbene: demethyl derivative of isorhapontigenin; structure in first source; a Syk kinase inhibitor; found in heartwood of FABACEAE; inhibitor of photosynthesis in spinach chloroplasts; may be inhibitor of plant growth; RN given refers to (E)-isomer. piceatannol : A stilbenol that is trans-stilbene in which one of the phenyl groups is substituted by hydroxy groups at positions 3 and 4, while the other phenyl group is substituted by hydroxy groups at positions 3 and 5.		2.7530catechols;
polyphenol;
resorcinols;
stilbenol		antineoplastic agent;
apoptosis inducer;
geroprotector;
hypoglycemic agent;
plant metabolite;
protein kinase inhibitor;
tyrosine kinase inhibitor
bemesetron
[no description available]		2.4420
thioinosine
Thioinosine: Sulfhydryl analog of INOSINE that inhibits nucleoside transport across erythrocyte plasma membranes, and has immunosuppressive properties. It has been used similarly to MERCAPTOPURINE in the treatment of leukemia. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p503)		2.0410
crotamiton
[no description available]		2.0710
(S)-(-)-pindolol
[no description available]		2.0310pindolol
levosulpiride
(S)-(-)-sulpiride : An optically active form of sulpiride having (S)-configuration. The active enantiomer of the racemic drug sulpiride. Selective D2-like dopamine antagonist (Ki values are ~ 0.015. ~ 0.013, 1, ~ 45 and ~ 77 muM at D2, D3, D4, D1 and D5 receptors respectively).		2.4620sulpirideantidepressant;
antiemetic;
antipsychotic agent;
dopaminergic antagonist
caffeic acid
trans-caffeic acid : The trans-isomer of caffeic acid.		2.0310caffeic acidgeroprotector;
mouse metabolite
pyrantel
Pyrantel: A depolarizing neuromuscular-blocking agent, that causes persistent nicotinic activation resulting in spastic paralysis of susceptible nematodes. It is a drug of second-choice after benzimidazoles for treatment of ascariasis, hookworm, and pinworm infections, being effective after a single dose. (From Smith and Reynard, Textbook of Pharmacology, 1992, p920). pyrantel : A carboxamidine that is 1,4,5,6-tetrahydropyrimidine that is substituted at position 1 by a methyl group and at position 2 by an (E)-2-(2-thienyl)vinyl group. It is used, particularly as the embonate [4,4'-methylenebis(3-hydroxy-2-naphthoate)] salt, as an anthelmintic that is effective against intestinal nematodes including threadworms, roundworms and hookworms, and is included in the WHO 'Model List of Essential Medicines'.		3.23101,4,5,6-tetrahydropyrimidines;
carboxamidine;
thiophenes		antinematodal drug
4-fluorophenyl-L-alanine
4-fluorophenyl-L-alanine : A L-phenylalanine derivative that is L-phenylalanine in which the hydrogen at position 4 on the benzene ring is replaced by a fluoro group.		2.44204-fluorophenylalanine;
L-phenylalanine derivative;
non-proteinogenic L-alpha-amino acid
phenylthiazolylthiourea
Phenylthiazolylthiourea: A dopamine-beta-hydroxylase inhibitor.		2.0510
urocanic acid
Urocanic Acid: 4-Imidazoleacrylic acid.. urocanic acid : An alpha,beta-unsaturated monocarboxylic acid that is prop-2-enoic acid substituted by a 1H-imidazol-4-yl group at position 3. It is a metabolite of hidtidine.. trans-urocanic acid : A urocanic acid in which the double bond of the carboxyethene moiety has E configuration.		2.0310urocanic acidhuman metabolite
(2'-(4-aminophenyl)-(2,5'-bi-1h-benzimidazol)-5-amine)
[no description available]		2.0510benzimidazoles
cotinine
Cotinine: The N-glucuronide conjugate of cotinine is a major urinary metabolite of NICOTINE. It thus serves as a biomarker of exposure to tobacco SMOKING. It has CNS stimulating properties.. (-)-cotinine : An N-alkylpyrrolidine that consists of N-methylpyrrolidinone bearing a pyridin-3-yl substituent at position C-5 (the 5S-enantiomer). It is an alkaloid commonly found in Nicotiana tabacum.		2.4420N-alkylpyrrolidine;
pyridines;
pyrrolidin-2-ones;
pyrrolidine alkaloid		antidepressant;
biomarker;
human xenobiotic metabolite;
plant metabolite
flunarizine
Flunarizine: Flunarizine is a selective calcium entry blocker with calmodulin binding properties and histamine H1 blocking activity. It is effective in the prophylaxis of migraine, occlusive peripheral vascular disease, vertigo of central and peripheral origin, and as an adjuvant in the therapy of epilepsy.		2.4720diarylmethane
thiothixene
[no description available]		4.2550N-methylpiperazineanticoronaviral agent
eszopiclone
Eszopiclone: A pyridine, pyrazine, and piperazine derivative that is used as a HYPNOTIC AND SEDATIVE in the treatment of INSOMNIA.. eszopiclone : The (5S)- (active) enantiomer of zopiclone. Unlike almost all other hypnotic sedatives, which are approved only for the relief of short-term (6-8 weeks) insomnia, eszopiclone is approved by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration for long-term use.		3.6120zopiclonecentral nervous system depressant;
sedative
dieldrin
Dieldrin: An organochlorine insecticide whose use has been cancelled or suspended in the United States. It has been used to control locusts, tropical disease vectors, in termite control by direct soil injection, and non-food seed and plant treatment. (From HSDB). dieldrin : An organochlorine compound resulting from the epoxidation of the double bond of aldrin. It is the active metabolite of the proinsecticde aldrin.		210epoxide;
organochlorine compound;
organochlorine insecticide		carcinogenic agent;
xenobiotic
curcumin
Curcumin: A yellow-orange dye obtained from tumeric, the powdered root of CURCUMA longa. It is used in the preparation of curcuma paper and the detection of boron. Curcumin appears to possess a spectrum of pharmacological properties, due primarily to its inhibitory effects on metabolic enzymes.. curcumin : A beta-diketone that is methane in which two of the hydrogens are substituted by feruloyl groups. A natural dyestuff found in the root of Curcuma longa.		9.0940aromatic ether;
beta-diketone;
diarylheptanoid;
enone;
polyphenol		anti-inflammatory agent;
antifungal agent;
antineoplastic agent;
biological pigment;
contraceptive drug;
dye;
EC 1.1.1.205 (IMP dehydrogenase) inhibitor;
EC 1.1.1.21 (aldehyde reductase) inhibitor;
EC 1.1.1.25 (shikimate dehydrogenase) inhibitor;
EC 1.6.5.2 [NAD(P)H dehydrogenase (quinone)] inhibitor;
EC 1.8.1.9 (thioredoxin reductase) inhibitor;
EC 2.7.10.2 (non-specific protein-tyrosine kinase) inhibitor;
EC 3.5.1.98 (histone deacetylase) inhibitor;
flavouring agent;
food colouring;
geroprotector;
hepatoprotective agent;
immunomodulator;
iron chelator;
ligand;
lipoxygenase inhibitor;
metabolite;
neuroprotective agent;
nutraceutical;
radical scavenger
benztropine
Benztropine: A centrally active muscarinic antagonist that has been used in the symptomatic treatment of PARKINSON DISEASE. Benztropine also inhibits the uptake of dopamine.. benzatropine : Tropane in which a hydrogen at position 3 is substituted by a diphenylmethoxy group (endo-isomer). An acetylcholine receptor antagonist, it is used (particularly as its methanesulphonate salt) in the treatment of Parkinson's disease, and to reduce parkinsonism and akathisia side effects of antipsychotic treatments.		4.2750diarylmethane
nootkatone
nootkatone: RN given refers to cpd without isomeric designation; structure given in first source. (+)-nootkatone : A sesquiterpenoid that is 4,4a,5,6,7,8-hexahydronaphthalen-2(3H)-one which is substituted by methyl groups at positions 4 and 4a, and by an isopropenyl group at position 6 (the 4R,4aS,6R stereoisomer).		2.0710carbobicyclic compound;
enone;
sesquiterpenoid		fragrance;
insect repellent;
plant metabolite
thiouracil
Thiouracil: Occurs in seeds of Brassica and Crucifera species. Thiouracil has been used as antithyroid, coronary vasodilator, and in congestive heart failure although its use has been largely supplanted by other drugs. It is known to cause blood dyscrasias and suspected of terato- and carcinogenesis.. thiouracil : A nucleobase analogue that is uracil in which the oxo group at C-2 is replaced by a thioxo group.		2.0410nucleobase analogue;
thiocarbonyl compound		antithyroid drug;
metabolite
thiohydantoins
Thiohydantoins: Sulfur analogs of hydantoins with one or both carbonyl groups replaced by thiocarbonyl groups.		2.3110
methimazole
Methimazole: A thioureylene antithyroid agent that inhibits the formation of thyroid hormones by interfering with the incorporation of iodine into tyrosyl residues of thyroglobulin. This is done by interfering with the oxidation of iodide ion and iodotyrosyl groups through inhibition of the peroxidase enzyme.. methimazole : A member of the class of imidazoles that it imidazole-2-thione in which a methyl group replaces the hydrogen which is attached to a nitrogen.		4.871001,3-dihydroimidazole-2-thionesantithyroid drug
cinnarizine
Cinnarizine: A piperazine derivative having histamine H1-receptor and calcium-channel blocking activity with vasodilating and antiemetic properties but it induces PARKINSONIAN DISORDERS.		2.9740diarylmethane;
N-alkylpiperazine;
olefinic compound		anti-allergic agent;
antiemetic;
calcium channel blocker;
geroprotector;
H1-receptor antagonist;
histamine antagonist;
muscarinic antagonist
sulindac
Sulindac: A sulfinylindene derivative prodrug whose sulfinyl moiety is converted in vivo to an active NSAID analgesic. Specifically, the prodrug is converted by liver enzymes to a sulfide which is excreted in the bile and then reabsorbed from the intestine. This helps to maintain constant blood levels with reduced gastrointestinal side effects.. sulindac : A monocarboxylic acid that is 1-benzylidene-1H-indene which is substituted at positions 2, 3, and 5 by methyl, carboxymethyl, and fluorine respectively, and in which the phenyl group of the benzylidene moiety is substituted at the para position by a methylsulfinyl group. It is a prodrug for the corresponding sulfide, a non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug, used particularly in the treatment of acute and chronic inflammatory conditions.		5.41180monocarboxylic acid;
organofluorine compound;
sulfoxide		analgesic;
antineoplastic agent;
antipyretic;
apoptosis inducer;
EC 1.14.99.1 (prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase) inhibitor;
non-narcotic analgesic;
non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug;
prodrug;
tocolytic agent
capsaicin
ALGRX-4975: an injectable capsaicin (TRPV1 receptor agonist) formulation for longlasting pain relief. capsaicinoid : A family of aromatic fatty amides produced as secondary metabolites by chilli peppers.		8.5480capsaicinoidnon-narcotic analgesic;
TRPV1 agonist;
voltage-gated sodium channel blocker
enclomiphene
Enclomiphene: The trans or (E)-isomer of clomiphene.		2.7530
terbinafine
[no description available]		4.2550acetylenic compound;
allylamine antifungal drug;
enyne;
naphthalenes;
tertiary amine		EC 1.14.13.132 (squalene monooxygenase) inhibitor;
P450 inhibitor;
sterol biosynthesis inhibitor
cysteine sulfinic acid
3-sulfino-L-alanine : The organosulfinic acid arising from oxidation of the sulfhydryl group of L-cysteine.		2.0310organosulfinic acid;
S-substituted L-cysteine		Escherichia coli metabolite;
human metabolite;
metabotropic glutamate receptor agonist;
mouse metabolite
epalrestat
epalrestat : A monocarboxylic acid that is 1,3-thiazolidine which is substituted on the nitrogen by a carboxymethyl group, at positions 2 and 4 by thioxo and oxo groups, respectively, and at position 5 by a 2-methyl-3-phenylprop-2-en-1-ylidene group. It is an inhibitor of aldose reductase (which catalyses the conversion of glucose to sorbitol) and is used for the treatment of some diabetic complications, including neuropathy.		2.0810monocarboxylic acid;
thiazolidines		EC 1.1.1.21 (aldehyde reductase) inhibitor
d-ap7
[no description available]		2.0310
drotaverin
drotaverin: Hungarian drug; RN given refers to parent cpd; structure		2.4720isoquinolines
tg 003
TG 003: a Clk inhibitor; structure in first source		2.0510
thioguanine anhydrous
Thioguanine: An antineoplastic compound which also has antimetabolite action. The drug is used in the therapy of acute leukemia.. tioguanine : A 2-aminopurine that is the 6-thiono derivative of 2-amino-1,9-dihydro-6H-purine. Incorporates into DNA and inhibits synthesis. Used in the treatment of leukaemia.		4.77902-aminopurinesanticoronaviral agent;
antimetabolite;
antineoplastic agent
(1R,2S)-tranylcypromine hydrochloride
(1R,2S)-tranylcypromine hydrochloride : A hydrochloride obtained by combining (1R,2S)-tranylcypromine with one equivalent of hydrochloric acid.		2.9640hydrochloride
tacrine hydrochloride
[no description available]		2.7430
sodium propionate
sodium propionate: was term of propionic acid (1986-2006). sodium propionate : An organic sodium salt comprising equal numbers of sodium and propionate ions.		2.0510organic sodium saltantifungal drug;
food preservative
D-fructopyranose
[no description available]		2.6830cyclic hemiketal;
D-fructose;
fructopyranose		sweetening agent
thioacetamide
Thioacetamide: A crystalline compound used as a laboratory reagent in place of HYDROGEN SULFIDE. It is a potent hepatocarcinogen.. thioacetamide : A thiocarboxamide consiting of acetamide having the oxygen replaced by sulfur.		2.7530thiocarboxamidehepatotoxic agent
4-bromotetramisole, oxalate (1:1), salt(s)-isomer
[no description available]		2.4420
succimer
Succimer: A mercaptodicarboxylic acid used as an antidote to heavy metal poisoning because it forms strong chelates with them.. succimer : A sulfur-containing carboxylic acid that is succinic acid bearing two mercapto substituents at positions 2 and 3. A lead chelator used as an antedote to lead poisoning.		3.5620dicarboxylic acid;
dithiol;
sulfur-containing carboxylic acid		chelator
digoxin
Digoxin: A cardiotonic glycoside obtained mainly from Digitalis lanata; it consists of three sugars and the aglycone DIGOXIGENIN. Digoxin has positive inotropic and negative chronotropic activity. It is used to control ventricular rate in ATRIAL FIBRILLATION and in the management of congestive heart failure with atrial fibrillation. Its use in congestive heart failure and sinus rhythm is less certain. The margin between toxic and therapeutic doses is small. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p666). digoxin : A cardenolide glycoside that is digitoxin beta-hydroxylated at C-12. A cardiac glycoside extracted from the foxglove plant, Digitalis lanata, it is used to control ventricular rate in atrial fibrillation and in the management of congestive heart failure with atrial fibrillation, but the margin between toxic and therapeutic doses is small.		5.17140cardenolide glycoside;
steroid saponin		anti-arrhythmia drug;
cardiotonic drug;
EC 3.6.3.9 (Na(+)/K(+)-transporting ATPase) inhibitor;
epitope
6-thioguanosine
6-thioguanosine: RN given refers to cpd without isomeric designation		2.0410purine nucleoside
3-hydroxybenzylhydrazine hydrochloride
[no description available]		2.4420
1-(3-chlorophenyl)biguanide hydrochloride
[no description available]		2.4420
4-chlorophenylalanine methyl ester, hydrochloride, (dl)-isomer
[no description available]		2.0310
streptozocin
[no description available]		4.5470
capsazepine
capsazepine: modified capsaicin molecule; a capsaicin receptor antagonist. capsazepine : A benzazepine that is 2,3,4,5-tetrahydro-1H-2-benzazepine which is substituted by hydroxy groups at positions 7 and 8 and on the nitrogen atom by a 2-(p-chlorophenyl)ethylaminothiocarbonyl group. A synthetic analogue of capsaicin, it was the first reported capsaicin receptor antagonist.		2.4420benzazepine;
catechols;
monochlorobenzenes;
thioureas		capsaicin receptor antagonist
diphenyleneiodium chloride
dibenziodolium chloride : An organic chloride salt having dibenziodolium as the counterion.		2.4420organic chloride saltEC 1.6.3.1. [NAD(P)H oxidase (H2O2-forming)] inhibitor;
G-protein-coupled receptor agonist
azetidine-2,4-dicarboxylic acid, (cis)-isomer
[no description available]		2.0310
tamoxifen citrate
[no description available]		2.4420citrate saltangiogenesis inhibitor;
anticoronaviral agent
tamoxifen
[no description available]		11.5943stilbenoid;
tertiary amino compound		angiogenesis inhibitor;
antineoplastic agent;
bone density conservation agent;
EC 1.2.3.1 (aldehyde oxidase) inhibitor;
EC 2.7.11.13 (protein kinase C) inhibitor;
estrogen antagonist;
estrogen receptor antagonist;
estrogen receptor modulator
sodium taurodeoxycholate
Taurodeoxycholic Acid: A bile salt formed in the liver by conjugation of deoxycholate with taurine, usually as the sodium salt. It is used as a cholagogue and choleretic, also industrially as a fat emulsifier.. taurodeoxycholic acid : A bile acid taurine conjugate of deoxycholic acid.. taurodeoxycholate : An organosulfonate oxoanion that is the conjugate base of taurodeoxycholic acid.		2.0710bile acid taurine conjugatehuman metabolite
nadp
[no description available]		2.4420
pimagedine hydrochloride
[no description available]		2.0310
Betaine Aldehyde Chloride
[no description available]		2.0310quaternary ammonium salt
ethionamide
Ethionamide: A second-line antitubercular agent that inhibits mycolic acid synthesis.. ethionamide : A thiocarboxamide that is pyridine-4-carbothioamide substituted by an ethyl group at position 2. A prodrug that undergoes metabolic activation by conversion to the corresponding S-oxide.		4.4160pyridines;
thiocarboxamide		antilipemic drug;
antitubercular agent;
fatty acid synthesis inhibitor;
leprostatic drug;
prodrug
3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-5-(3-carboxymethoxyphenyl)-2-(4-sulfophenyl)-2h-tetrazolium
3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-5-(3-carboxymethoxyphenyl)-2-(4-sulfophenyl)-2H-tetrazolium: structure given in first source		1.9910
cancidas
[no description available]		3.2310
eskazine
[no description available]		2.4420
3-(n,n-dimethylsulfonamido)-4-methyl-nitrobenzene
BRL-50481 : A C-nitro compound that is benzene substituted by N,N-dimethylaminosulfonyl, methyl and nitro groups at positions 1, 2 and 5, respectively. It is a phosphodiesterase inhibitor selective for the PDE7 subtype (Ki = 180 nM).		2.0510C-nitro compound;
sulfonamide;
toluenes		bone density conservation agent;
EC 3.1.4.53 (3',5'-cyclic-AMP phosphodiesterase) inhibitor;
geroprotector
monastrol
monastrol: stops mitosis by fostering formation of monopolar spindles; structure in first source. (S)-monastrol : An ethyl 4-(3-hydroxyphenyl)-6-methyl-2-thioxo-1,2,3,4-tetrahydropyrimidine-5-carboxylate that has S configuration.. monastrol : A racemate comprising equimolar amounts of R- and S-monastrol.. ethyl 4-(3-hydroxyphenyl)-6-methyl-2-thioxo-1,2,3,4-tetrahydropyrimidine-5-carboxylate : A member of the class of thioureas that is 3,4-dihydropyrimidine-2(1)-thione substituted by a 3-hydroxyphenyl group at position 4, an ethoxycarbonyl group at position 5, and a methyl group at position 6.		2.0310enoate ester;
ethyl ester;
phenols;
racemate;
thioureas		antileishmanial agent;
antimitotic;
antineoplastic agent;
EC 3.5.1.5 (urease) inhibitor
fusidic acid
Fusidic Acid: An antibiotic isolated from the fermentation broth of Fusidium coccineum. (From Merck Index, 11th ed). It acts by inhibiting translocation during protein synthesis.. fusidic acid : A steroid antibiotic that is isolated from the fermentation broth of Fusidium coccineum.		3.165011alpha-hydroxy steroid;
3alpha-hydroxy steroid;
alpha,beta-unsaturated monocarboxylic acid;
steroid acid;
steroid antibiotic;
sterol ester		EC 2.7.1.33 (pantothenate kinase) inhibitor;
Escherichia coli metabolite;
protein synthesis inhibitor
scopolamine
[no description available]		2.07103-hydroxy carboxylic acid
artemotil
artemotil: structure given in first source; RN given refers to cpd without isomeric designation		2.0510artemisinin derivative
lincomycin
Lincomycin: An antibiotic produced by Streptomyces lincolnensis var. lincolnensis. It has been used in the treatment of staphylococcal, streptococcal, and Bacteroides fragilis infections.. lincomycin : A carbohydrate-containing antibiotic produced by the actinomyces Streptomyces lincolnensis.		3.8430carbohydrate-containing antibiotic;
L-proline derivative;
monocarboxylic acid amide;
pyrrolidinecarboxamide;
S-glycosyl compound		antimicrobial agent;
bacterial metabolite
valinomycin
Valinomycin: A cyclododecadepsipeptide ionophore antibiotic produced by Streptomyces fulvissimus and related to the enniatins. It is composed of 3 moles each of L-valine, D-alpha-hydroxyisovaleric acid, D-valine, and L-lactic acid linked alternately to form a 36-membered ring. (From Merck Index, 11th ed) Valinomycin is a potassium selective ionophore and is commonly used as a tool in biochemical studies.. valinomycin : A twelve-membered cyclodepsipeptide composed of three repeating D-alpha-hydroxyisovaleryl-D-valyl-L-lactoyl-L-valyl units joined in sequence. An antibiotic found in several Streptomyces strains.		2.4720cyclodepsipeptide;
macrocycle		antimicrobial agent;
antiviral agent;
bacterial metabolite;
potassium ionophore
estrone sulfate
estrone sulfate: sulfoconjugated estrone; RN given refers to parent cpd		2.994017-oxo steroid;
steroid sulfate		human metabolite;
mouse metabolite
ranitidine
Ranitidine: A non-imidazole blocker of those histamine receptors that mediate gastric secretion (H2 receptors). It is used to treat gastrointestinal ulcers.. ranitidine : A member of the class of furans used to treat peptic ulcer disease (PUD) and gastroesophageal reflux disease.		4.140C-nitro compound;
furans;
organic sulfide;
tertiary amino compound		anti-ulcer drug;
drug allergen;
environmental contaminant;
H2-receptor antagonist;
xenobiotic
aplaviroc
aplaviroc: a spiro-diketo-piperazine; a potent noncompetitive allosteric antagonist of the CCR5 receptor with concomitantly potent antiviral effects for HIV-1; structure in first source		3.5920
thiocarlide
thiocarlide: major descriptor (68-85); on-line search PHENYLTHIOUREA/AA (68-85); Index Medicus search THIOCARLIDE (68-85); Antitubercular Agent		2.0410thioureas
hmr 3647
[no description available]		4.5670
latoconazole
latoconazole: RN refers to cpd without isomeric designation; latoconazole is (E)-isomer; structure given in first source		2.0810conazole antifungal drug;
imidazole antifungal drug
maraviroc
[no description available]		3.8830tropane alkaloid
toremifene citrate
[no description available]		2.0810stilbenoidanticoronaviral agent
toremifene
Toremifene: A first generation selective estrogen receptor modulator (SERM). Like TAMOXIFEN, it is an estrogen agonist for bone tissue and cholesterol metabolism but is antagonistic on mammary and uterine tissue.		3.8730aromatic ether;
organochlorine compound;
tertiary amine		antineoplastic agent;
bone density conservation agent;
estrogen antagonist;
estrogen receptor modulator
u 0126
U 0126: protein kinase kinase inhibitor; structure in first source		3.1650aryl sulfide;
dinitrile;
enamine;
substituted aniline		antineoplastic agent;
antioxidant;
apoptosis inducer;
EC 2.7.11.24 (mitogen-activated protein kinase) inhibitor;
osteogenesis regulator;
vasoconstrictor agent
telaprevir
[no description available]		2.0510cyclopentapyrrole;
cyclopropanes;
oligopeptide;
pyrazines		antiviral drug;
hepatitis C protease inhibitor;
peptidomimetic
nelarabine
nelarabine: prodrug of ara-G. nelarabine : A purine nucleoside in which O-methylguanine is attached to arabinofuranose via a beta-N(9)-glycosidic bond. Inhibits DNA synthesis and causes cell death; a prodrug of 9-beta-D-arabinofuranosylguanine (ara-G).		3.6120beta-D-arabinoside;
monosaccharide derivative;
purine nucleoside		antineoplastic agent;
DNA synthesis inhibitor;
prodrug
glycylproline
Gly-Pro : A dipeptide consisting of L-proline having a glycyl residue attached to its alpha-amino group.		2.0710dipeptide zwitterion;
dipeptide		metabolite
4-diphenylacetoxy-n-methylpiperidine methiodide
4-DAMP methiodide : A quaternary ammonium salt obtained by combining equimolar amounts of 4-diphenylacetoxy-N-methylpiperidine and iodomethane.		2.4420iodide salt;
quaternary ammonium salt		cholinergic antagonist;
muscarinic antagonist
fosfestrol
fosfestrol: Rx of prostatic carcinoma; RN given refers to parent cpd with unspecified isomeric designation; structure		5.4141aryl phosphate
nitromifene
Nitromifene: A non-steroidal estrogen antagonist (as the 1:1 citrate) most commonly used as a research tool in animal studies.		3.0650
dermatan sulfate
Dermatan Sulfate: A naturally occurring glycosaminoglycan found mostly in the skin and in connective tissue. It differs from CHONDROITIN SULFATE A (see CHONDROITIN SULFATES) by containing IDURONIC ACID in place of glucuronic acid, its epimer, at carbon atom 5. (from Merck, 12th ed). alpha-L-IdopA-(1->3)-beta-D-GalpNAc4S : An oligosaccharide sulfate that is 2-acetamido-2-deoxy-4-O-sulfo-beta-D-galactopyranose in which the hydroxy group at position 3 has been converted to the corresponding alpha-L-idopyranuronoside.. dermatan sulfate : Any of a group of glycosaminoglycans with repeating units consisting of variously sulfated beta1->4-linked L-iduronyl-(alpha1->3)-N-acetyl-D-galactosamine units.		3.2310amino disaccharide;
glycosylgalactose derivative;
iduronic acids;
oligosaccharide sulfate
dezocine
dezocine: potent analgesic; RN given refers to ((5R-(5alpha,11alpha,13S*)))-isomer (dezocin); structure. dezocine : (7S,8S)-7-Amino-8-methyl-5,6,7,8-tetrahydronaphthalen-2-ol in which the hydrogen at position 8 and one of the hydrogens at position 6 are substituted by each end of a tetramethylene bridge. A synthetic opioid analgesic, it has mixed opiod agonist and antagonist properties. Although it is used for pain management, it can produce opioid withdrawal syndrome in patients already dependent on other opioids, and its clinical application is limited by side effects such as dizziness.		2.0210phenols;
primary amino compound		opioid analgesic
dapiprazole
[no description available]		2.0210N-alkylpiperazine;
N-arylpiperazine;
pyridines		alpha-adrenergic antagonist;
antipsychotic agent;
miotic;
ophthalmology drug
nizatidine
Nizatidine: A histamine H2 receptor antagonist with low toxicity that inhibits gastric acid secretion. The drug is used for the treatment of duodenal ulcers.. nizatidine : A member of the class of 1,3-thiazoles having a dimethylaminomethyl substituent at position 2 and an alkylthiomethyl moiety at position 4.		2.1310
droloxifene
[no description available]		2.0510stilbenoid
dolasetron
[no description available]		3.6120indolyl carboxylic acid
or 1259
[no description available]		2.0510hydrazone;
nitrile;
pyridazinone		anti-arrhythmia drug;
cardiotonic drug;
EC 3.1.4.17 (3',5'-cyclic-nucleotide phosphodiesterase) inhibitor;
vasodilator agent
mannomustine
Mannomustine: Nitrogen mustard derivative alkylating agent used as antineoplastic. It causes severe bone marrow depression and is a powerful vesicant.		2.0410amino alcohol
almokalant
almokalant: structure given in first source		2.0710
gestodene
Gestodene: synthetic steroid with progestational activity; RN given refers to (17alpha)-isomer		4.761steroidestrogen
glucametacin
glucametacin: indomethacin analog; structure		2.4520
orlistat
Orlistat: A lactone derivative of LEUCINE that acts as a pancreatic lipase inhibitor to limit the absorption of dietary fat; it is used in the management of obesity.. orlistat : A carboxylic ester resulting from the formal condensation of the carboxy group of N-formyl-L-leucine with the hydroxy group of (3S,4S)-3-hexyl-4-[(2S)-2-hydroxytridecyl]oxetan-2-one. A pancreatic lipase inhibitor, it is used as an anti-obesity drug.		4.2850beta-lactone;
carboxylic ester;
formamides;
L-leucine derivative		anti-obesity agent;
bacterial metabolite;
EC 2.3.1.85 (fatty acid synthase) inhibitor;
EC 3.1.1.3 (triacylglycerol lipase) inhibitor
idoxifene
idoxifene: structure given in first source		2.0510stilbenoid
quinine
[no description available]		5.03120cinchona alkaloidantimalarial;
muscle relaxant;
non-narcotic analgesic
androstane-3,17-diol glucuronide
androstane-3,17-diol glucuronide: RN given refers to cpd with unspecified glucuronide locant		7.1883steroid ester
glycodeoxycholic acid
Glycodeoxycholic Acid: A bile salt formed in the liver by conjugation of deoxycholate with glycine, usually as the sodium salt. It acts as a detergent to solubilize fats for absorption and is itself absorbed. It is used as a cholagogue and choleretic.. glycodeoxycholic acid : A bile acid glycine conjugate of deoxycholic acid.		2.0710bile acid glycine conjugatehuman metabolite
rtki cpd
RTKI cpd: preferentially inhibits human glioma cells expressing truncated rather than wild-type epidermal growth factor receptors		2.0110
1-(4-hydroxybenzyl)imidazole-2-thiol
1-(4-hydroxybenzyl)imidazole-2-thiol: RN & structure given in first source; RN not in Chemline 3/87		2.0310
1-(2-(2-(4-pyridyl)-2-imidazoline-1-yl)ethyl)-3-(4-carboxyphenyl)urea
1-(2-(2-(4-pyridyl)-2-imidazoline-1-yl)ethyl)-3-(4-carboxyphenyl)urea: RN given refers to parent cpd; structure in first source		2.0410
2-chloro-n(6)-(3-iodobenzyl)adenosine-5'-n-methyluronamide
2-chloro-N(6)-(3-iodobenzyl)adenosine-5'-N-methyluronamide: structure given in first source		2.4420
methenolone
Methenolone: A synthetic steroid that has been used for its anabolic action.		1.97103-hydroxy steroidandrogen
bp 897
BP 897: a dopamine D3 receptor agonist; structure in first source		2.4420naphthalenecarboxamide
fospropofol
[no description available]		3.2310alkylbenzene
vx-745
[no description available]		2.0710aryl sulfide;
dichlorobenzene;
difluorobenzene;
pyrimidopyridazine		anti-inflammatory drug;
apoptosis inducer;
EC 2.7.11.24 (mitogen-activated protein kinase) inhibitor
azilect
[no description available]		2.0810
rasagiline
[no description available]		3.2310indanes;
secondary amine;
terminal acetylenic compound		EC 1.4.3.4 (monoamine oxidase) inhibitor;
neuroprotective agent
deracoxib
SC 046: structure in first source. deracoxib : A member of the class of pyrazoles that is 1H-pyrazole which is substituted at positions 1, 3, and 5 by 4-sulfamoylphenyl, difluoromethyl and 3-fluoro-4-methoxyphenyl groups, respectively. A selective cyclooxygenase 2 inhibitor, it is used in veterinary medicine for the control of pain and inflammation associated with osteoarthritis in dogs.		2.0710organofluorine compound;
pyrazoles;
sulfonamide		cyclooxygenase 2 inhibitor;
non-narcotic analgesic;
non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug
trequinsin hydrochloride
[no description available]		2.4420
dasatinib
N-(2-chloro-6-methylphenyl)-2-((6-(4-(2-hydroxyethyl)piperazin-1-yl)-2-methylpyrimidin-4-yl)amino)-1,3-thiazole-5-carboxamide: a dasatinib prodrug; structure in first source. dasatinib (anhydrous) : An aminopyrimidine that is 2-methylpyrimidine which is substituted at position 4 by the primary amino group of 2-amino-1,3-thiazole-5-carboxylic acid and at position 6 by a 4-(2-hydroxyethyl)piperazin-1-yl group, and in which the carboxylic acid group has been formally condensed with 2-chloro-6-methylaniline to afford the corresponding amide. A multi-targeted kinase inhibitor, it is used, particularly as the monohydrate, for the treatment of chronic, accelerated, or myeloid or lymphoid blast phase chronic myeloid leukemia. Note that the name 'dasatinib' is used to refer to the monohydrate (USAN) as well as to anhydrous dasatinib (INN).		4.1401,3-thiazoles;
aminopyrimidine;
monocarboxylic acid amide;
N-(2-hydroxyethyl)piperazine;
N-arylpiperazine;
organochlorine compound;
secondary amino compound;
tertiary amino compound		anticoronaviral agent;
antineoplastic agent;
tyrosine kinase inhibitor
neboglamine
neboglamine: potential memory enhancer		2.0310
2-aminohippuric acid
[no description available]		2.0710N-acylglycine
chlormadinol acetate
chlormadinol acetate: structure given in first source; RN given refers to (3beta)-isomer		3.3911
zd 6474
CH 331: structure in first source		2.0510aromatic ether;
organobromine compound;
organofluorine compound;
piperidines;
quinazolines;
secondary amine		antineoplastic agent;
tyrosine kinase inhibitor
calixarenes
Calixarenes: Phenolic metacyclophanes derived from condensation of PHENOLS and ALDEHYDES. The name derives from the vase-like molecular structures. A bracketed [n] indicates the number of aromatic rings.. calixarenes : Originally macrocyclic compounds capable of assuming a basket (or "calix") shaped conformation. They are formed from p-hydrocarbyl phenols and formaldehyde. The term now applies to a variety of derivatives by substitution of the hydrocarbon cyclo{oligo[(1,3-phenylene)methylene]}.. calixarene : A macrocycle composed of 1,3-phenylene groups linked by methylene groups. The number of 1,3-phenylene units in the macrocycle is denoted by the "n" in calix[n]arene name.		2.1710
silybin
[no description available]		2.0510
alatrofloxacin
alatrofloxacin: prodrug of trovafloxacin		2.0610
benzatropine methanesulfonate
benzatropine mesylate : The methanesulfonate salt of benzatropine. An acetylcholine receptor antagonist, it is used in the treatment of Parkinson's disease, and to reduce parkinsonism and akathisia side effects of antipsychotic treatments.		2.4420
sb 203186
[no description available]		2.0310indolyl carboxylic acid
n-(1-methyl-5-indolyl)-n'-(3-methyl-5-isothiazolyl)urea
N-(1-methyl-5-indolyl)-N'-(3-methyl-5-isothiazolyl)urea: a 5-HT(2B) receptor antagonist; structure given in first source. 1-(1-methylindol-5-yl)-3-(3-methyl-1,2-thiazol-5-yl)urea : A member of ther class of ureas that is urea in which a hydrogen attached to one of the nitrogens has been replaced by an N-methylindol-5-yl group, while a hydrogen attached to the other nitrogen has been replaced by a 3-methyl-1,2-thiazol-5-yl group. It is a potent and selective antagonist for the 5-hydroxytryptamine 2B (5-HT2B) receptor.		2.44201,2-thiazoles;
indoles;
ureas		receptor modulator;
serotonergic antagonist
rs-130830
RS-130830: orally-active broad-spectrum matrix metalloproteinase inhibitor		2.0710
gw 7647
GW 7647: a PPAR-alpha agonist; structure in first source. GW 7647 : A monocarboxylic acid that is 2-(phenylsulfanyl)isobutyric acid in which the phenyl group is substituted at the para- position by a 3-aza-7-cyclohexylhept-1-yl group in which the nitrogen is acylated by a (cyclohexylamino)carbonyl group.		2.4420aryl sulfide;
monocarboxylic acid;
ureas		PPARalpha agonist
sodium dodecyl sulfate
Sodium Dodecyl Sulfate: An anionic surfactant, usually a mixture of sodium alkyl sulfates, mainly the lauryl; lowers surface tension of aqueous solutions; used as fat emulsifier, wetting agent, detergent in cosmetics, pharmaceuticals and toothpastes; also as research tool in protein biochemistry.. sodium dodecyl sulfate : An organic sodium salt that is the sodium salt of dodecyl hydrogen sulfate.		3.5620organic sodium saltdetergent;
protein denaturant
ro 41-0960
[no description available]		2.4420
cgp 13501
CGP 13501: structure in first source		2.0310alkylbenzene
n-(2-(4-(4-chlorophenyl)piperazin-1-yl)ethyl)-3-methoxybenzamide
N-(2-(4-(4-chlorophenyl)piperazin-1-yl)ethyl)-3-methoxybenzamide: dopamine D4 ligand; structure in first source		2.4420
chloramine-t
chloramine-T: RN given refers to unlabeled parent cpd. chloramine T : An organic sodium salt derivative of toluene-4-sulfonamide with a chloro substituent in place of an amino hydrogen.		2.0510organic sodium saltallergen;
antifouling biocide;
disinfectant
l 663536
MK-886: orally active leukotriene biosynthesis inhibitor. 3-[3-(tert-butylsulfanyl)-1-(4-chlorobenzyl)-5-(propan-2-yl)-1H-indol-2-yl]-2,2-dimethylpropanoic acid : A member of the class of indoles that is 1H-indole substituted by a isopropyl group at position 5, a tert-butylsulfanediyl group at position 3, a 4-chlorobenzyl group at position 1 and a 2-carboxy-2-methylpropyl group at position 2. It acts as an inhibitor of arachidonate 5-lipoxygenase.		2.0510aryl sulfide;
indoles;
monocarboxylic acid;
monochlorobenzenes		antineoplastic agent;
EC 1.13.11.34 (arachidonate 5-lipoxygenase) inhibitor;
leukotriene antagonist
brl 15572
3-[4-(3-chlorophenyl)piperazin-1-yl]-1,1-diphenylpropan-2-ol : An N-alkylpiperazine that is 1-(3-chlorophenyl)piperazine carrying a 3,3-diphenyl-2-hydroxyprop-1-yl group at position 4. A selective h5-HT1D antagonist, displaying 60-fold selectivity over h5-HT1B, and exhibiting little or no affinity for a range of other receptor types.		2.4420monochlorobenzenes;
N-alkylpiperazine;
N-arylpiperazine;
secondary alcohol		geroprotector;
serotonergic antagonist
mrs 1523
2,3-diethyl-4,5-dipropyl-6-phenylpyridine-3-thiocarboxylate-5-carboxylate: adenosine A3 receptor antagonist		2.4420
or486
OR486: structure given in first source		2.0310
fg 9041
FG 9041: structure given in first source		2.4420quinoxaline derivative
iik7
IIK7: structure in first source		2.0310
sb 415286
3-(3-chloro-4-hydroxyphenylamino)-4-(4-nitrophenyl)-1H-pyrrole-2,5-dione: a glycogen synthase kinase-3 inhibitor; structure in first source		2.4420C-nitro compound;
maleimides;
monochlorobenzenes;
phenols;
secondary amino compound;
substituted aniline		antioxidant;
apoptosis inducer;
EC 2.7.11.26 (tau-protein kinase) inhibitor;
neuroprotective agent
dm 235
DM 235: structure in first source		2.4420
jhw 015
[no description available]		2.4420indolecarboxamide
bw 723c86
[no description available]		2.4420tryptamines
sc 560
SC560 : A member of the class of pyrazoles that is 1H-pyrazole which is substituted at positions 1, 3 and 5 by 4-methoxyphenyl, trifluoromethyl and 4-chlorophenyl groups, respectively. Unlike many members of the diaryl heterocycle class of cyclooxygenase (COX) inhibitors, SC-560 is selective for COX-1.		2.4420aromatic ether;
monochlorobenzenes;
organofluorine compound;
pyrazoles		angiogenesis modulating agent;
antineoplastic agent;
apoptosis inducer;
cyclooxygenase 1 inhibitor;
non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug
sc-19220
[no description available]		2.0310aromatic ether
le 300
[no description available]		2.4420indoles
sitagliptin
sitagliptin : A triazolopyrazine that exhibits hypoglycemic activity.		4.140triazolopyrazine;
trifluorobenzene		EC 3.4.14.5 (dipeptidyl-peptidase IV) inhibitor;
environmental contaminant;
hypoglycemic agent;
serine proteinase inhibitor;
xenobiotic
osteoprotegerin
Osteoprotegerin: A secreted member of the TNF receptor superfamily that negatively regulates osteoclastogenesis. It is a soluble decoy receptor of RANK LIGAND that inhibits both CELL DIFFERENTIATION and function of OSTEOCLASTS by inhibiting the interaction between RANK LIGAND and RECEPTOR ACTIVATOR OF NUCLEAR FACTOR-KAPPA B.		3.3520long-chain fatty acid
flosequinan
[no description available]		2.4420quinolines
rhodamine 123
Rhodamine 123: A fluorescent probe with low toxicity which is a potent substrate for ATP BINDING CASSETTE TRANSPORTER, SUBFAMILY B, MEMBER 1 and the bacterial multidrug efflux transporter. It is used to assess mitochondrial bioenergetics in living cells and to measure the efflux activity of ATP BINDING CASSETTE TRANSPORTER, SUBFAMILY B, MEMBER 1 in both normal and malignant cells. (Leukemia 1997;11(7):1124-30). rhodamine 123(1+) : A cationic fluorescent dye derived from 9-phenylxanthene.		2.0810organic cation;
xanthene dye		fluorochrome
ly 367265
LY 367265: a 5-hydroxytryptamine transporter inhibitor; a 5-HT(2A) receptor antagonist; structure in first source. LY-367,265 : A fluoroindole that is 1H-indole in which the hydrogens at positions 3 and 6 are replaced by 1-[2-(2,2-dioxo-5,6-dihydro-4H-2lambda(6)-[1,2,5]thiadiazolo[4,3,2-ij]quinolin-1(2H)-yl)ethyl]-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridin-4-yl and fluoro groups, respectively. It is an inhibitor of the 5-hydroxytryptamine transporter (Ki = 2.3 nM) and an antagonist of 5-hydroxytryptamine(2A) receptor (Ki = 0.81 nM).		2.4420dihydropyridine;
fluoroindole;
tertiary amino compound;
thiadiazoloquinoline		antidepressant;
geroprotector;
serotonergic antagonist;
serotonin uptake inhibitor
tolcapone
Tolcapone: A benzophenone and nitrophenol compound that acts as an inhibitor of CATECHOL O-METHYLTRANSFERASE, an enzyme involved in the metabolism of DOPAMINE and LEVODOPA. It is used in the treatment of PARKINSON DISEASE in patients for whom levodopa is ineffective or contraindicated.. tolcapone : Benzophenone substituted on one of the phenyl rings at C-3 and C-4 by hydroxy groups and at C-5 by a nitro group, and on the other phenyl ring by a methyl group at C-4. It is an inhibitor of catechol O-methyltransferase.		5.641302-nitrophenols;
benzophenones;
catechols		antiparkinson drug;
EC 2.1.1.6 (catechol O-methyltransferase) inhibitor
alsterpaullone
alsterpaullone: structure in first source. alsterpaullone : An organic heterotetracyclic compound that is 1,3-dihydro-2H-1-benzazepin-2-one which shares its 4-5 bond with the 3-2 bond of 5-nitro-1H-indole.		2.0510C-nitro compound;
caprolactams;
organic heterotetracyclic compound		anti-HIV-1 agent;
antineoplastic agent;
apoptosis inducer;
EC 2.7.11.1 (non-specific serine/threonine protein kinase) inhibitor;
EC 2.7.11.22 (cyclin-dependent kinase) inhibitor;
EC 2.7.11.26 (tau-protein kinase) inhibitor
diclofenac sodium
Diclofenac Sodium: The sodium form of DICLOFENAC. It is used for its analgesic and anti-inflammatory properties.. diclofenac sodium : The sodium salt of diclofenac.		2.0310organic sodium salt
cgp 7930
2,6-di-tert-butyl-4-(3-hydroxy-2,2-dimethylpropyl)phenol: structure in first source		2.4420alkylbenzene
1,3,5-tris(4-hydroxyphenyl)-4-propyl-1h-pyrazole
4,4',4''-(4-propylpyrazole-1,3,5-triyl)trisphenol : A pyrazole that is 1H-pyrazole bearing three 4-hydroxyphenyl substituents at positions 1, 3 and 5 as well as a propyl substituent at position 4. Potent, subtype-selective estrogen receptor agonist (EC50 ~ 200 pM); displays 410-fold selectivity for ERalpha over ERbeta. Prevents ovariectomy-induced weight gain and loss of bone mineral density, and induces gene expression in the hypothalamus following systemic administration in vivo.		2.4420phenols;
pyrazoles		estrogen receptor agonist
sib 1757
SIB 1757: a selective mGluR5 antagonist; structure in first source		2.4420
sphingosine
sphing-4-enine : A sphingenine in which the C=C double bond is located at the 4-position.. sphingenine : A 2-aminooctadecene-1,3-diol having (2S,3R)-configuration.. sphingoid : Sphinganine, its homologs and stereoisomers, and the hydroxy and unsaturated derivatives of these compounds.. 2-aminooctadec-4-ene-1,3-diol : A 2-aminooctadecene-1,3-diol having its double bond at position 4.		2.0310sphing-4-eninehuman metabolite;
mouse metabolite
quercetin
[no description available]		2.98407-hydroxyflavonol;
pentahydroxyflavone		antibacterial agent;
antineoplastic agent;
antioxidant;
Aurora kinase inhibitor;
chelator;
EC 1.10.99.2 [ribosyldihydronicotinamide dehydrogenase (quinone)] inhibitor;
geroprotector;
phytoestrogen;
plant metabolite;
protein kinase inhibitor;
radical scavenger
bilirubin
[no description available]		2.9340biladienes;
dicarboxylic acid		antioxidant;
human metabolite;
mouse metabolite
dinoprostone
prostaglandin E2 : Prostaglandin F2alpha in which the hydroxy group at position 9 has been oxidised to the corresponding ketone. Prostaglandin E2 is the most common and most biologically potent of mammalian prostaglandins.		2.4720prostaglandins Ehuman metabolite;
mouse metabolite;
oxytocic
dinoprost
Dinoprost: A naturally occurring prostaglandin that has oxytocic, luteolytic, and abortifacient activities. Due to its vasocontractile properties, the compound has a variety of other biological actions.. prostaglandin F2alpha : A prostaglandins Falpha that is prosta-5,13-dien-1-oic acid substituted by hydroxy groups at positions 9, 11 and 15. It is a naturally occurring prostaglandin used to induce labor.		2.0510monocarboxylic acid;
prostaglandins Falpha		human metabolite;
mouse metabolite
biochanin a
[no description available]		2.04104'-methoxyisoflavones;
7-hydroxyisoflavones		antineoplastic agent;
EC 3.5.1.99 (fatty acid amide hydrolase) inhibitor;
phytoestrogen;
plant metabolite;
tyrosine kinase inhibitor
apigenin
Chamomile: Common name for several daisy-like plants (MATRICARIA; TRIPLEUROSPERMUM; ANTHEMIS; CHAMAEMELUM) native to Europe and Western Asia, now naturalized in the United States and Australia.		2.7330trihydroxyflavoneantineoplastic agent;
metabolite
luteolin
[no description available]		2.03103'-hydroxyflavonoid;
tetrahydroxyflavone		angiogenesis inhibitor;
anti-inflammatory agent;
antineoplastic agent;
apoptosis inducer;
c-Jun N-terminal kinase inhibitor;
EC 2.3.1.85 (fatty acid synthase) inhibitor;
immunomodulator;
nephroprotective agent;
plant metabolite;
radical scavenger;
vascular endothelial growth factor receptor antagonist
linoleic acid
Linoleic Acid: A doubly unsaturated fatty acid, occurring widely in plant glycosides. It is an essential fatty acid in mammalian nutrition and is used in the biosynthesis of prostaglandins and cell membranes. (From Stedman, 26th ed). linoleic acid : An octadecadienoic acid in which the two double bonds are at positions 9 and 12 and have Z (cis) stereochemistry.		3.4511octadecadienoic acid;
omega-6 fatty acid		algal metabolite;
Daphnia galeata metabolite;
plant metabolite
calcitriol
dihydroxy-vitamin D3: as a major in vitro metabolite of 1alpha,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3, produced in primary cultures of neonatal human keratinocytes		4.5170D3 vitamins;
hydroxycalciol;
triol		antineoplastic agent;
antipsoriatic;
bone density conservation agent;
calcium channel agonist;
calcium channel modulator;
hormone;
human metabolite;
immunomodulator;
metabolite;
mouse metabolite;
nutraceutical
vitamin k semiquinone radical
vitamin K semiquinone radical: found in active preparations of vitamin K-dependent carboxylase. vitamin K : Any member of a group of fat-soluble 2-methyl-1,4-napthoquinones that exhibit biological activity against vitamin K deficiency. Vitamin K is required for the synthesis of prothrombin and certain other blood coagulation factors.		2.0710
beta carotene
beta Carotene: A carotenoid that is a precursor of VITAMIN A. Beta carotene is administered to reduce the severity of photosensitivity reactions in patients with erythropoietic protoporphyria (PORPHYRIA, ERYTHROPOIETIC).. provitamin A : A provitamin that can be converted into vitamin A by enzymes from animal tissues.		2.4720carotenoid beta-end derivative;
cyclic carotene		antioxidant;
biological pigment;
cofactor;
ferroptosis inhibitor;
human metabolite;
mouse metabolite;
plant metabolite;
provitamin A
thromboxane a2
Thromboxane A2: An unstable intermediate between the prostaglandin endoperoxides and thromboxane B2. The compound has a bicyclic oxaneoxetane structure. It is a potent inducer of platelet aggregation and causes vasoconstriction. It is the principal component of rabbit aorta contracting substance (RCS).. thromboxane A2 : A thromboxane which is produced by activated platelets and has prothrombotic properties: it stimulates activation of new platelets as well as increases platelet aggregation.		1.9710epoxy monocarboxylic acid;
thromboxanes A		mouse metabolite
retinol palmitate
retinol palmitate: RN given refers to parent cpd; structure. retinyl palmitate : A palmitate ester of retinol with undefined geometry about the C=C bonds.. all-trans-retinyl palmitate : An all-trans-retinyl ester obtained by formal condensation of the carboxy group of palmitic (hexadecanoic acid) with the hydroxy group of all-trans-retinol. It is used in cosmetic products to treat various skin disorders such as acne, skin aging, wrinkles, dark spots, and also protect against psoriasis.		2.4620all-trans-retinyl ester;
retinyl palmitate		antioxidant;
Escherichia coli metabolite;
human xenobiotic metabolite
hymecromone
Hymecromone: A coumarin derivative possessing properties as a spasmolytic, choleretic and light-protective agent. It is also used in ANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY TECHNIQUES for the determination of NITRIC ACID.		2.0410hydroxycoumarinantineoplastic agent;
hyaluronic acid synthesis inhibitor
daphnetin
[no description available]		2.4420hydroxycoumarin
alprostadil
[no description available]		3.360prostaglandins Eanticoagulant;
human metabolite;
platelet aggregation inhibitor;
vasodilator agent
vitamin d 2
Ergocalciferols: Derivatives of ERGOSTEROL formed by ULTRAVIOLET RAYS breaking of the C9-C10 bond. They differ from CHOLECALCIFEROL in having a double bond between C22 and C23 and a methyl group at C24.. vitamin D2 : A vitamin D supplement and has been isolated from alfalfa.		4.2750hydroxy seco-steroid;
seco-ergostane;
vitamin D		bone density conservation agent;
nutraceutical;
plant metabolite;
rodenticide
cholecalciferol
Cholecalciferol: Derivative of 7-dehydroxycholesterol formed by ULTRAVIOLET RAYS breaking of the C9-C10 bond. It differs from ERGOCALCIFEROL in having a single bond between C22 and C23 and lacking a methyl group at C24.. calciol : A hydroxy seco-steroid that is (5Z,7E)-9,10-secocholesta-5,7,10(19)-triene in which the pro-S hydrogen at position 3 has been replaced by a hydroxy group. It is the inactive form of vitamin D3, being hydroxylated in the liver to calcidiol (25-hydroxyvitamin D3), which is then further hydroxylated in the kidney to give calcitriol (1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3), the active hormone.		2.4320D3 vitamins;
hydroxy seco-steroid;
seco-cholestane;
secondary alcohol;
steroid hormone		geroprotector;
human metabolite
alpha-linolenic acid
linolenic acid : A two-membered subclass of octadecatrienoic acid comprising the (9Z,12Z,15Z)- and (6Z,9Z,12Z)-isomers. Linolenic acids are nutrients essential to the formation of prostaglandins and are also used in making paints and synthetic resins.. linolenate : A polyunsaturated fatty acid anion obtained by deprotonation of the carboxy group of either alpha- or gamma-linolenic acid.		2.0810linolenic acid;
omega-3 fatty acid		micronutrient;
mouse metabolite;
nutraceutical
genistein
[no description available]		3.28607-hydroxyisoflavonesantineoplastic agent;
EC 5.99.1.3 [DNA topoisomerase (ATP-hydrolysing)] inhibitor;
geroprotector;
human urinary metabolite;
phytoestrogen;
plant metabolite;
tyrosine kinase inhibitor
amphotericin b
Amphotericin B: Macrolide antifungal antibiotic produced by Streptomyces nodosus obtained from soil of the Orinoco river region of Venezuela.. amphotericin B : A macrolide antibiotic used to treat potentially life-threatening fungal infections.		4.6680antibiotic antifungal drug;
macrolide antibiotic;
polyene antibiotic		antiamoebic agent;
antiprotozoal drug;
bacterial metabolite
clavulanic acid
Clavulanic Acid: A beta-lactam antibiotic produced by the actinobacterium Streptomyces clavuligerus. It is a suicide inhibitor of bacterial beta-lactamase enzymes. Administered alone, it has only weak antibacterial activity against most organisms, but given in combination with other beta-lactam antibiotics it prevents antibiotic inactivation by microbial lactamase.. clavulanate : The conjugate base of clavulanic acid.. clavulanic acid : Antibiotic isolated from Streptomyces clavuligerus. It acts as a suicide inhibitor of bacterial beta-lactamase enzymes.		2.7630oxapenamantibacterial drug;
anxiolytic drug;
bacterial metabolite;
EC 3.5.2.6 (beta-lactamase) inhibitor
pulmicort
Budesonide: A glucocorticoid used in the management of ASTHMA, the treatment of various skin disorders, and allergic RHINITIS.. budesonide : A glucocorticoid steroid having a highly oxygenated pregna-1,4-diene structure. It is used mainly in the treatment of asthma and non-infectious rhinitis and for treatment and prevention of nasal polyposis.		4.8610011beta-hydroxy steroid;
20-oxo steroid;
21-hydroxy steroid;
3-oxo-Delta(1),Delta(4)-steroid;
cyclic acetal;
glucocorticoid;
primary alpha-hydroxy ketone		anti-inflammatory drug;
bronchodilator agent;
drug allergen
oxymetholone
Oxymetholone: A synthetic hormone with anabolic and androgenic properties. It is used mainly in the treatment of anemias. According to the Fourth Annual Report on Carcinogens (NTP 85-002), this compound may reasonably be anticipated to be a carcinogen. (From Merck Index, 11th ed). oxymetholone : A 3-oxo-5alpha- steroid that is 4,5alpha-dihydrotestosterone which is substituted by a hydroxymethylidene group at position 2 and by a methyl group at the 17alpha position. A synthetic androgen, it was mainly used for the treatment of anaemias until being replaced by treatments with fewer side effects.		4.0940
eprosartan
eprosartan: angiotensin II receptor antagonist. eprosartan : A member of the class of imidazoles and thiophenes that is an angiotensin II receptor antagonist used for the treatment of high blood pressure.		4.4260dicarboxylic acid;
imidazoles;
thiophenes		angiotensin receptor antagonist;
antihypertensive agent;
environmental contaminant;
xenobiotic
montelukast
montelukast: a leukotriene D4 receptor antagonist		4.6880aliphatic sulfide;
monocarboxylic acid;
quinolines		anti-arrhythmia drug;
anti-asthmatic drug;
leukotriene antagonist
mivacurium
Mivacurium: An isoquinoline derivative that is used as a short-acting non-depolarizing agent.		3.2310isoquinolines
timolol maleate
(S)-timolol maleate : The maleic acid salt of the active (S)-enantiomer of timolol, comprising equimolar amounts of (S)-timolol and maleic acid.		2.9640maleate saltanti-arrhythmia drug;
antiglaucoma drug;
antihypertensive agent;
beta-adrenergic antagonist
brompheniramine maleate
brompheniramine maleate : The maleic acid salt of brompheniramine. A histamine H1 receptor antagonist, it is used for the symptomatic relief of allergic conditions, including rhinitis and conjunctivitis.		3.1550maleate saltanti-allergic agent
chlorpheniramine maleate
[no description available]		2.9640organic molecular entity
clemastine fumarate
clemastine fumarate : The fumaric acid salt of clemastine. An antihistamine with antimuscarinic and moderate sedative properties, it is used for the symptomatic relief of allergic conditions such as rhinitis, urticaria, conjunctivitis and in pruritic (severe itching) skin conditions.		2.9640fumarate saltanti-allergic agent;
antipruritic drug;
H1-receptor antagonist;
muscarinic antagonist
dexchlorpheniramine maleate
[no description available]		2.0810organic molecular entity
olopatadine
[no description available]		2.4520
methylergonovine maleate
[no description available]		2.9640ergoline alkaloidgeroprotector
hemabate
carboprost tromethamine : The tromethamine salt of carboprost. It is used as an abortifacient agent that is effective in both the first and second trimesters of pregnancy.		3.2310
mycophenolate mofetil
mycophenolate mofetil : A carboxylic ester resulting from the formal condensation between the carboxylic acid group of mycophenolic acid and the hydroxy group of 2-(morpholin-4-yl)ethanol. In the liver, it is metabolised to mycophenolic acid, an immunosuppressant for which it is a prodrug. It is widely used to prevent tissue rejection following organ transplants as well as for the treatment of certain autoimmune diseases.		3.8730carboxylic ester;
ether;
gamma-lactone;
phenols;
tertiary amino compound		anticoronaviral agent;
EC 1.1.1.205 (IMP dehydrogenase) inhibitor;
immunosuppressive agent;
prodrug
bw b1090u
[no description available]		2.0210isoquinolines
entacapone
entacapone: structure given in first source. entacapone : A monocarboxylic acid amide that is N,N-diethylprop-2-enamide in which the hydrogen at position 2 is substituted by a cyano group and the hydrogen at the 3E position is substituted by a 3,4-dihydroxy-5-nitrophenyl group.		4.27502-nitrophenols;
catechols;
monocarboxylic acid amide;
nitrile		antidyskinesia agent;
antiparkinson drug;
central nervous system drug;
EC 2.1.1.6 (catechol O-methyltransferase) inhibitor
paricalcitol
[no description available]		3.2310hydroxy seco-steroid;
seco-cholestane		antiparathyroid drug
cyclobenzaprine
punicic acid: a conjugated linolenic acid. (9Z,11E,13Z)-octadecatrienoic acid : A 9,11,13-octadecatrienoic acid having its double bonds in cis, trans and cis configurations, respectively. It has been isolated from pomegranate (Punica granatum).		2.66209,11,13-octadecatrienoic acidantineoplastic agent;
plant metabolite
astaxanthine
astaxanthine: a keto form of carotene; pigment in flesh of Scottish salmon (Salmo salar) crustacoa-lobster (Homarus gammarus, flamingo feathers; structure; a carotenoid without vitamin A activity, has shown anti-oxidant and anti-inflammatory activities. astaxanthin : A carotenone that consists of beta,beta-carotene-4,4'-dione bearing two hydroxy substituents at positions 3 and 3' (the 3S,3'S diastereomer). A carotenoid pigment found mainly in animals (crustaceans, echinoderms) but also occurring in plants. It can occur free (as a red pigment), as an ester, or as a blue, brown or green chromoprotein.		2.7430carotenol;
carotenone		animal metabolite;
anticoagulant;
antioxidant;
food colouring;
plant metabolite
lutein
Lutein: A xanthophyll found in the major LIGHT-HARVESTING PROTEIN COMPLEXES of plants. Dietary lutein accumulates in the MACULA LUTEA.. xanthophyll : A subclass of carotenoids consisting of the oxygenated carotenes.		2.1110carotenolfood colouring;
plant metabolite
harman
harman: a beta-carboline; RN given refers to parent cpd; structure. harman : An indole alkaloid fundamental parent with a structure of 9H-beta-carboline carrying a methyl substituent at C-1. It has been isolated from the bark of Sickingia rubra, Symplocus racemosa, Passiflora incarnata, Peganum harmala, Banisteriopsis caapi and Tribulus terrestris, as well as from tobacco smoke. It is a specific, reversible inhibitor of monoamine oxidase A.		2.4420harmala alkaloid;
indole alkaloid fundamental parent;
indole alkaloid		anti-HIV agent;
EC 1.4.3.4 (monoamine oxidase) inhibitor;
plant metabolite
usambarensine
usambarensine: structure given in first source		2.0510harmala alkaloid
chrysin
chrysin : A dihydroxyflavone in which the two hydroxy groups are located at positions 5 and 7.		2.45207-hydroxyflavonol;
dihydroxyflavone		anti-inflammatory agent;
antineoplastic agent;
antioxidant;
EC 2.7.11.18 (myosin-light-chain kinase) inhibitor;
hepatoprotective agent;
plant metabolite
diosmin
[no description available]		2.0510dihydroxyflavanone;
disaccharide derivative;
glycosyloxyflavone;
monomethoxyflavone;
rutinoside		anti-inflammatory agent;
antioxidant
morin
morin: a light yellowish pigment found in the wood of old fustic (Chlorophora tinctoria). morin : A pentahydroxyflavone that is 7-hydroxyflavonol bearing three additional hydroxy substituents at positions 2' 4' and 5.		2.74307-hydroxyflavonol;
pentahydroxyflavone		angiogenesis modulating agent;
anti-inflammatory agent;
antibacterial agent;
antihypertensive agent;
antineoplastic agent;
antioxidant;
EC 5.99.1.2 (DNA topoisomerase) inhibitor;
hepatoprotective agent;
metabolite;
neuroprotective agent
myricetin
[no description available]		2.44207-hydroxyflavonol;
hexahydroxyflavone		antineoplastic agent;
antioxidant;
cyclooxygenase 1 inhibitor;
food component;
geroprotector;
hypoglycemic agent;
plant metabolite
coumestrol
Coumestrol: A daidzein derivative occurring naturally in forage crops which has some estrogenic activity.. coumestrol : A member of the class of coumestans that is coumestan with hydroxy substituents at positions 3 and 9.		2.4620coumestans;
delta-lactone;
polyphenol		anti-inflammatory agent;
antioxidant;
plant metabolite
daidzein
[no description available]		7.96407-hydroxyisoflavonesantineoplastic agent;
EC 2.7.7.7 (DNA-directed DNA polymerase) inhibitor;
EC 3.2.1.20 (alpha-glucosidase) inhibitor;
phytoestrogen;
plant metabolite
pterostilbene
[no description available]		2.1310diether;
methoxybenzenes;
stilbenol		anti-inflammatory agent;
antineoplastic agent;
antioxidant;
apoptosis inducer;
hypoglycemic agent;
neuroprotective agent;
neurotransmitter;
plant metabolite;
radical scavenger
cynarine
cynarine: active principle of the artichoke; functions primarily as a cholagogue and choleretic and also as antilipemic agent		2.7430alkyl caffeate ester;
quinic acid		plant metabolite
caffeic acid phenethyl ester
phenethyl caffeate : An alkyl caffeate ester in which 2-phenylethyl is the alkyl component.		2.4420alkyl caffeate esteranti-inflammatory agent;
antibacterial agent;
antineoplastic agent;
antioxidant;
antiviral agent;
immunomodulator;
metabolite;
neuroprotective agent
rottlerin
rottlerin: an angiogenesis inhibitor; an inhibitor of protein kinase Cdelta (PKCdelta) and calmodulin kinase III; RN refers to (E)-isomer; do not confuse this chalcone with an anthraquinone that is also called rottlerin (RN 481-72-1);. rottlerin : A chromenol that is 2,2-dimethyl-2H-chromene substituted by hydroxy groups at positions 5 and 7, a 3-acetyl-2,4,6-trihydroxy-5-methylbenzyl group at position 6 and a (1E)-3-oxo-1-phenylprop-1-en-3-yl group at position 8. A potassium channel opener, it is isolated from Mallotus philippensis.		2.4420aromatic ketone;
benzenetriol;
chromenol;
enone;
methyl ketone		anti-allergic agent;
antihypertensive agent;
antineoplastic agent;
apoptosis inducer;
K-ATP channel agonist;
metabolite
flupenthixol
cis-flupenthixol : A flupenthixol in which the double bond adopts a cis-configuration.		3.1450flupenthixoldopaminergic antagonist
sdz psc 833
valspodar: nonimmunosuppressive cyclosporin analog which is a potent multidrug resistance modifier; 7-10 fold more potent than cyclosporin A; a potent P glycoprotein inhibitor; MW 1215		2.4720homodetic cyclic peptide
estradiol-17 beta-glucuronide
17beta-estradiol 17-glucosiduronic acid : A steroid glucosiduronic acid that consists of 17beta-estradiol having a beta-glucuronyl residue attached at position 17 via a glycosidic linkage.		2.75303-hydroxy steroid;
steroid glucosiduronic acid
l 660,711
[no description available]		2.9840quinolines
coenzyme q10
coenzyme Q10: Ubiquinone ring with a chain of 10 isoprene units; redox equilibrium with ubiqunol serving in mitochondrial inner membrane to transfer electrons; presence during reconstitution of acetylcholine receptor into phospholipid vesicles yields vesicles active in catalyzing carbamylcholine-sensitive Na+ flux; coenzyme Q10 depletion has been noted with use of statins. coenzyme Q10 : A ubiquinone having a side chain of 10 isoprenoid units. In the naturally occurring isomer, all isoprenyl double bonds are in the E- configuration.		2.0510ubiquinonesantioxidant;
ferroptosis inhibitor;
human metabolite
anandamide
anandamide : An N-acylethanolamine 20:4 resulting from the formal condensation of carboxy group of arachidonic acid with the amino group of ethanolamine.		2.2110endocannabinoid;
N-acylethanolamine 20:4		human blood serum metabolite;
neurotransmitter;
vasodilator agent
cerulenin
Cerulenin: An epoxydodecadienamide isolated from several species, including ACREMONIUM, Acrocylindrum, and Helicoceras. It inhibits the biosynthesis of several lipids by interfering with enzyme function.. cerulenin : An epoxydodecadienamide isolated from several species, including Acremonium, Acrocylindrum and Helicoceras. It inhibits the biosynthesis of several lipids by interfering with enzyme function.		2.0110epoxide;
monocarboxylic acid amide		antifungal agent;
antiinfective agent;
antilipemic drug;
antimetabolite;
antimicrobial agent;
fatty acid synthesis inhibitor
n-oleoyldopamine
N-oleoyldopamine: putative capsaicin receptor ligand; produces hyperalgesia; isolated from the brain. N-oleoyldopamine : A fatty amide resulting from the formal condensation of the carboxy group of oleic acid with the amino group of dopamine. Synthesised in catecholaminergic neurons, it crosses the blood-brain barrier and might be considered as a carrier of dopamine into the brain. It is a transient receptor potential vanilloid type 1 (TRPV1) receptor agonist.		2.4420catechols;
fatty amide;
N-(fatty acyl)-dopamine;
secondary carboxamide		TRPV1 agonist
pheniramine maleate
Naphcon A: tradename; contains above compounds; ophthalmic solution		2.7430organic molecular entity
travoprost
Travoprost: A cloprostenol derivative that is used as an ANTIHYPERTENSIVE AGENT in the treatment of OPEN-ANGLE GLAUCOMA and OCULAR HYPERTENSION.. travoprost : The isopropyl ester of prostaglandin F2alpha in which the pentyl group is replaced by a 3-(trifluoromethyl)phenoxymethyl group. A synthetic analogue of prostaglandin F2alpha, ophthalmic solutions of travoprost are used as a topical medication for controlling the progression of open-angle glaucoma and ocular hypertension, by reducing intraocular pressure. It is a pro-drug; the isopropyl ester group is hydrolysed by esterases in the cornea to the biologically active free acid, fluprostenol.		2.0810(trifluoromethyl)benzenes;
isopropyl ester;
prostaglandins Falpha		antiglaucoma drug;
antihypertensive agent;
ophthalmology drug;
prodrug;
prostaglandin receptor agonist
tranilast
tranilast: antiallergic drug; potent inhibitor of homologous passive cutaneous anaphylaxis. tranilast : An amidobenzoic acid that is anthranilic acid in which one of the anilino hydrogens is replaced by a 3,4-dimethoxycinnamoyl group.		3.1550amidobenzoic acid;
cinnamamides;
dimethoxybenzene;
secondary carboxamide		anti-allergic agent;
anti-asthmatic drug;
antineoplastic agent;
aryl hydrocarbon receptor agonist;
calcium channel blocker;
hepatoprotective agent;
nephroprotective agent
7432 s
Ceftibuten: A cephalosporin antibacterial agent that is used in the treatment of infections, including urinary-tract and respiratory-tract infections.. ceftibuten : A third-generation cephalosporin antibiotic with a [(2Z)-2-(2-amino-1,3-thiazol-4-yl)-4-carboxybut-2-enoyl]amino substituent at the 7 position of the cephem skeleton. An orally-administered agent, ceftibuten is used as the dihydrate to treat urinary-tract and respiratory-tract infections.		3.8430cephalosporin;
dicarboxylic acid		antibacterial drug
glyceryl 2-arachidonate
glyceryl 2-arachidonate: binds to cannabinoid receptors; structure in first source. 2-arachidonoylglycerol : An endocannabinoid and an endogenous agonist of the cannabinoid receptors (CB1 and CB2). It is an ester formed from omega-6-arachidonic acid and glycerol.		2.21102-acylglycerol 20:4;
endocannabinoid		human metabolite
trimipramine maleate
[no description available]		2.4420maleate saltantidepressant
11-ketotestosterone
11-ketotestosterone: RN given refers to cpd without isomeric designation. 11-oxotestosterone : A 3-oxo Delta(4)-steroid that is testosterone carrying an additional oxo substituent at position 11.		3.699011-oxo steroid;
17beta-hydroxy steroid;
3-oxo-Delta(4) steroid;
androstanoid		androgen;
human metabolite;
marine xenobiotic metabolite
imipenem
[no description available]		2.0810carbapenems
etretinate
retinoid : Oxygenated derivatives of 3,7-dimethyl-1-(2,6,6-trimethylcyclohex-1-enyl)nona-1,3,5,7-tetraene and derivatives thereof.		2.7430enoate ester;
ethyl ester;
retinoid		keratolytic drug
isotretinoin
Isotretinoin: A topical dermatologic agent that is used in the treatment of ACNE VULGARIS and several other skin diseases. The drug has teratogenic and other adverse effects.. isotretinoin : A retinoic acid that is all-trans-retinoic acid in which the double bond which is alpha,beta- to the carboxy group is isomerised to Z configuration. A synthetic retinoid, it is used for the treatment of severe cases of acne and other skin diseases.		4.94110retinoic acidantineoplastic agent;
keratolytic drug;
teratogenic agent
misoprostol
Misoprostol: A synthetic analog of natural prostaglandin E1. It produces a dose-related inhibition of gastric acid and pepsin secretion, and enhances mucosal resistance to injury. It is an effective anti-ulcer agent and also has oxytocic properties.. misoprostol : A diastereoisomeric mixture composed of approximately equal amounts of a double racemate of four of the sixteen possible diastereoisomers of methyl (13E)-11,16-dihydroxy-16-methyl-9-oxoprost-13-en-1-oate that is racemic prostaglandin E1 which is lacking the hydroxy group at position 15, but which has an additional hydroxy group at position 16. It is a synthetic prostaglandin E1 analogue, used in the treatment of gastric and duodenal ulcers. A weak abortifacient, it is also used for cervical ripening prior to surgical termination of pregnancy. The (11R,16S)-diastereoisomer is the pharmacologically active form.		2.4420
xylometazoline hydrochloride
[no description available]		2.4420
flunarizine hydrochloride
[no description available]		2.4420diarylmethane
ketotifen fumarate
ketotifen fumarate : An organoammonium salt consisting of equimolar amounts of ketotifen(1+) and fumarate(1-) ions. A blocker of histamine H1 receptors with a stabilising action on mast cells, it is a non-bronchodilator anti-asthmatic drug.		2.7430organoammonium saltanti-asthmatic drug;
H1-receptor antagonist
epoprostenol
[no description available]		3.5620prostaglandins Imouse metabolite
indocyanine green
[no description available]		3.58201,1-diunsubstituted alkanesulfonate;
benzoindole;
cyanine dye
dinoprost tromethamine
[no description available]		2.0810organic molecular entity
ozagrel
ozagrel: RN refers to (E)-isomer		2.0510cinnamic acids
triprolidine
Triprolidine: Histamine H1 antagonist used in allergic rhinitis; ASTHMA; and URTICARIA. It is a component of COUGH and COLD medicines. It may cause drowsiness.. triprolidine : An N-alkylpyrrolidine that is acrivastine in which the pyridine ring is lacking the propenoic acid substituent. It is a sedating antihistamine that is used (generally as the monohydrochloride monohydrate) for the relief of the symptoms of uticaria, rhinitis, and various pruritic skin disorders.		3.8730N-alkylpyrrolidine;
olefinic compound;
pyridines		H1-receptor antagonist
pitavastatin
pitavastatin : A dihydroxy monocarboxylic acid that is (6E)-7-[2-cyclopropyl-4-(4-fluorophenyl)quinolin-3-yl]hept-6-enoic acid in which the two hydroxy groups are located at positions 3 and 5 (the 3R,5S-stereoisomer). Used as its calcium salt for treatment of hypercholesterolemia (elevated levels of cholesterol in the blood) on patients unable to sufficiently lower their cholesterol levels by diet and exercise.		3.8730cyclopropanes;
dihydroxy monocarboxylic acid;
monofluorobenzenes;
quinolines;
statin (synthetic)		antioxidant
rosuvastatin calcium
S 4522: structure in first source		2.0810N-acyl-15-methylhexadecasphinganine-1-phosphoethanolamine;
organic calcium salt		anti-inflammatory agent;
cardioprotective agent;
CETP inhibitor
terbinafine hydrochloride
terbinafine hydrochloride : A hydrochloride obtained by reaction of terbinafine with one molar equivalent of hydrogen chloride.		2.0810allylamine antifungal drug;
hydrochloride		EC 1.14.13.132 (squalene monooxygenase) inhibitor;
P450 inhibitor
cis-flupenthixol dihydrochloride
cis-flupenthixol dihydrochloride : The dihydrochloride salt of cis-flupenthixol.		2.7430hydrochloridegeroprotector
ethamolin
monoethanolamine oleate: used for treatment of pyogenic granuloma		3.2310long-chain fatty acid
betamethasone benzoate
[no description available]		2.021021-hydroxy steroid
alatrofloxacin mesylate
[no description available]		3.5920
homatropine
[no description available]		2.0710tropane alkaloid
13,14-dihydro-15-ketoprostaglandin d2
13,14-dihydro-15-ketoprostaglandin D2: PGD2 metabolite; RN given refers to (5Z,9alpha)-isomer		2.0710prostaglandins Dmetabolite
n-arachidonylglycine
N-arachidonylglycine: structure in first source. N-arachidonoylglycine : Biologically active derivative of anandamide		2.4420fatty amide;
N-acylglycine
n-oleoylethanolamine
N-oleoylethanolamine: ceramidase inhibitor. oleoyl ethanolamide : An N-(long-chain-acyl)ethanolamine that is the ethanolamide of oleic acid. The monounsaturated analogue of the endocannabinoid anandamide.		2.4420endocannabinoid;
N-(long-chain-acyl)ethanolamine;
N-acylethanolamine 18:1		EC 3.5.1.23 (ceramidase) inhibitor;
geroprotector;
PPARalpha agonist
codeine
[no description available]		4.4160morphinane alkaloid;
organic heteropentacyclic compound		antitussive;
drug allergen;
environmental contaminant;
opioid analgesic;
opioid receptor agonist;
prodrug;
xenobiotic
cyclosporine
ramihyphin A: one of the metabolites produced by Fusarium sp. S-435; RN given refers to cpd with unknown MF		5.41180homodetic cyclic peptideanti-asthmatic drug;
anticoronaviral agent;
antifungal agent;
antirheumatic drug;
carcinogenic agent;
dermatologic drug;
EC 3.1.3.16 (phosphoprotein phosphatase) inhibitor;
geroprotector;
immunosuppressive agent;
metabolite
phenoxybenzamine hydrochloride
[no description available]		2.9640organic molecular entity
phenylephrine hydrochloride
Nose: A part of the upper respiratory tract. It contains the organ of SMELL. The term includes the external nose, the nasal cavity, and the PARANASAL SINUSES.. phenylephrine hydrochloride : A hydrochloride that is the monohydrochloride salt of phenylephrine.		2.0310hydrochloride
natamycin
[no description available]		2.4720antibiotic antifungal drug;
dicarboxylic acid monoester;
epoxide;
macrolide antibiotic;
monosaccharide derivative;
polyene antibiotic		antifungal agrochemical;
antimicrobial food preservative;
apoptosis inducer;
bacterial metabolite;
ophthalmology drug
mepyramine maleate
histosol: proprietary mixture of synthetic aromatic hydrocarbons forming an extremely nonpolar organic solvent		2.4420
acitretin
Acitretin: An oral retinoid effective in the treatment of psoriasis. It is the major metabolite of ETRETINATE with the advantage of a much shorter half-life when compared with etretinate.. acitretin : A retinoid that consists of 3,7-dimethylnona-2,4,6,8-tetraenoic acid having a 4-methoxy-2,3,6-trimethylphenyl group attached at position 9.		4.5570acitretin;
alpha,beta-unsaturated monocarboxylic acid;
retinoid		keratolytic drug
cyproterone
Cyproterone: An anti-androgen that, in the form of its acetate (CYPROTERONE ACETATE), also has progestational properties. It is used in the treatment of hypersexuality in males, as a palliative in prostatic carcinoma, and, in combination with estrogen, for the therapy of severe acne and hirsutism in females.		14.721091317alpha-hydroxy steroid;
20-oxo steroid;
3-oxo-Delta(4) steroid;
chlorinated steroid;
tertiary alpha-hydroxy ketone		androgen antagonist
dihydrocodeine
dihydrocodeine: RN refers to parent cpd(5alpha,6alpha)-isomer		2.4520morphinane alkaloid
dorzolamide
dorzolamide: topically effective ocular hypotensive carbonic anhydrase inhibitor; RN refers to mono-HCl (4S-trans)-isomer. dorzolamide : 5,6-Dihydro-4H-thieno[2,3-b]thiopyran-2-sulfonamide 7,7-dioxide in which hydrogens at the 4 and 6 positions are substituted by ethylamino and methyl groups, respectively (4S, trans-configuration). A carbonic anhydrase inhibitor, it is used as the hydrochloride in ophthalmic solutions to lower increased intraocular pressure in the treatment of open-angle glaucoma and ocular hypertension.		2.0210sulfonamide;
thiophenes		antiglaucoma drug;
antihypertensive agent;
EC 4.2.1.1 (carbonic anhydrase) inhibitor
dothiepin
[no description available]		2.0510dothiepin
estropipate
estropipate: used therapeutically in menopausal patients		3.2310piperazinium salt;
steroid sulfate
hydrocodone
Hydrocodone: Narcotic analgesic related to CODEINE, but more potent and more addicting by weight. It is used also as cough suppressant.. hydrocodone : A morphinane-like compound that is a semi-synthetic opioid synthesized from codeine.		2.0710morphinane-like compound;
organic heteropentacyclic compound		antitussive;
mu-opioid receptor agonist;
opioid analgesic
hydromorphone
Hydromorphone: An opioid analgesic made from MORPHINE and used mainly as an analgesic. It has a shorter duration of action than morphine.. hydromorphone : A morphinane alkaloid that is a hydrogenated ketone derivative of morphine. A semi-synthetic drug, it is a centrally acting pain medication of the opioid class.		3.8530morphinane alkaloid;
organic heteropentacyclic compound		mu-opioid receptor agonist;
opioid analgesic
levetiracetam
Levetiracetam: A pyrrolidinone and acetamide derivative that is used primarily for the treatment of SEIZURES and some movement disorders, and as a nootropic agent.. levetiracetam : A pyrrolidinone and carboxamide that is N-methylpyrrolidin-2-one in which one of the methyl hydrogens is replaced by an aminocarbonyl group, while another is replaced by an ethyl group (the S enantiomer). An anticonvulsant, it is used for the treatment of epilepsy in both human and veterinary medicine.		4.140pyrrolidin-2-onesanticonvulsant;
environmental contaminant;
xenobiotic
ly 163892
loracarbef: 1-carbacephem antibiotic; has a broad spectrum of antimicrobial activity; structure given in first source; carbacephems differ from cephalosporins in the substitution of a sulfur atom in the dihydrothiazine ring with a methylene group to form a tetrahydropyridine ring. loracarbef : A synthetic "carba" analogue of cefaclor, with carbon replacing sulfur at position 1. Used to treat a wide range of infections caused by both gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria.		4.460carbacephem;
zwitterion		antibacterial drug;
antimicrobial agent
nabilone
nabilone: cannabinol deriv; RN given refers to cpd without isomeric designation; structure		3.2310
nalmefene
nalmefene: RN given refers to 5-alpha isomer		2.9640morphinane alkaloid
nalorphine
Nalorphine: A narcotic antagonist with some agonist properties. It is an antagonist at mu opioid receptors and an agonist at kappa opioid receptors. Given alone it produces a broad spectrum of unpleasant effects and it is considered to be clinically obsolete.		2.0510morphinane alkaloid
naloxone
Naloxone: A specific opiate antagonist that has no agonist activity. It is a competitive antagonist at mu, delta, and kappa opioid receptors.. naloxone : A synthetic morphinane alkaloid that is morphinone in which the enone double bond has been reduced to a single bond, the hydrogen at position 14 has been replaced by a hydroxy group, and the methyl group attached to the nitrogen has been replaced by an allyl group. A specific opioid antagonist, it is used (commonly as its hydrochloride salt) to reverse the effects of opioids, both following their use of opioids during surgery and in cases of known or suspected opioid overdose.		10.05130morphinane alkaloid;
organic heteropentacyclic compound;
tertiary alcohol		antidote to opioid poisoning;
central nervous system depressant;
mu-opioid receptor antagonist
methylestrenolone
methylestrenolone: was MH 1963-92; METHYLESTRENOLONE & METHYLNORTESTOSTERONE were see NORMETHANDROLONE 1963-92; use ESTRENES to search NORMETHANDROLONE 1966-92		1.9810steroidestrogen
oxycodone
Oxycodone: A semisynthetic derivative of CODEINE.. oxycodone : A semisynthetic opioid of formula C18H21NO4 that is derived from thebaine. It is a moderately potent opioid analgesic, generally used for relief of moderate to severe pain.		3.2310organic heteropentacyclic compound;
semisynthetic derivative		antitussive;
mu-opioid receptor agonist;
opioid analgesic
oxymorphone
Oxymorphone: An opioid analgesic with actions and uses similar to those of MORPHINE, apart from an absence of cough suppressant activity. It is used in the treatment of moderate to severe pain, including pain in obstetrics. It may also be used as an adjunct to anesthesia. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p1092)		3.8730morphinane alkaloid
vitamin k 1
Vitamin K 1: A family of phylloquinones that contains a ring of 2-methyl-1,4-naphthoquinone and an isoprenoid side chain. Members of this group of vitamin K 1 have only one double bond on the proximal isoprene unit. Rich sources of vitamin K 1 include green plants, algae, and photosynthetic bacteria. Vitamin K1 has antihemorrhagic and prothrombogenic activity.. phylloquinone : A member of the class of phylloquinones that consists of 1,4-naphthoquinone having methyl and phytyl groups at positions 2 and 3 respectively. The parent of the class of phylloquinones.		3.2310phylloquinones;
vitamin K		cofactor;
human metabolite;
plant metabolite
sirolimus
Sirolimus: A macrolide compound obtained from Streptomyces hygroscopicus that acts by selectively blocking the transcriptional activation of cytokines thereby inhibiting cytokine production. It is bioactive only when bound to IMMUNOPHILINS. Sirolimus is a potent immunosuppressant and possesses both antifungal and antineoplastic properties.. sirolimus : A macrolide lactam isolated from Streptomyces hygroscopicus consisting of a 29-membered ring containing 4 trans double bonds, three of which are conjugated. It is an antibiotic, immunosupressive and antineoplastic agent.		4.0740antibiotic antifungal drug;
cyclic acetal;
cyclic ketone;
ether;
macrolide lactam;
organic heterotricyclic compound;
secondary alcohol		antibacterial drug;
anticoronaviral agent;
antineoplastic agent;
bacterial metabolite;
geroprotector;
immunosuppressive agent;
mTOR inhibitor
topiramate
Topiramate: A sulfamate-substituted fructose analog that was originally identified as a hypoglycemic agent. It is used for the treatment of EPILEPSY and MIGRAINE DISORDERS, and may also promote weight loss.. topiramate : A hexose derivative that is 2,3:4,5-di-O-isopropylidene-beta-D-fructopyranose in which the hydroxy group has been converted to the corresponding sulfamate ester. It blocks voltage-dependent sodium channels and is used as an antiepileptic and for the prevention of migraine.		4.4160cyclic ketal;
ketohexose derivative;
sulfamate ester		anticonvulsant;
sodium channel blocker
trospium chloride
trospium chloride : An organic chloride salt of trospium. It is an antispasmodic drug used for the treatment of overactive bladder.		3.2310
brefeldin a
[no description available]		2.4420macrolide antibioticPenicillium metabolite
alvocidib
alvocidib: structure given in first source. alvocidib : A synthetic dihydroxyflavone that is 5,7-dihydroxyflavone which is substituted by a 3-hydroxy-1-methylpiperidin-4-yl group at position 8 and by a chlorine at the 2' position (the (-)-3S,4R stereoisomer). A cyclin-dependent kinase 9 (CDK9) inhibitor, it has been studied for the treatment of acute myeloid leukaemia, arthritis and atherosclerotic plaque formation.		2.0510dihydroxyflavone;
hydroxypiperidine;
monochlorobenzenes;
tertiary amino compound		antineoplastic agent;
antirheumatic drug;
apoptosis inducer;
EC 2.7.11.22 (cyclin-dependent kinase) inhibitor
seocalcitol
seocalcitol: structure given in first source		2.0510
fenretinide
Fenretinide: A synthetic retinoid that is used orally as a chemopreventive against prostate cancer and in women at risk of developing contralateral breast cancer. It is also effective as an antineoplastic agent.. 4-hydroxyphenyl retinamide : A retinoid obtained by formal condensation of the carboxy group of all-trans retinoic acid and the anilino group of 4-hydroxyaniline. Synthetic retinoid agonist. Antiproliferative, antioxidant and anticancer agent with a long half-life in vivo. Apoptotic effects appear to be mediated by a mechanism distinct from that of 'classical' retinoids.		2.7430monocarboxylic acid amide;
retinoid		antineoplastic agent;
antioxidant
geldanamycin
[no description available]		2.05101,4-benzoquinones;
ansamycin;
carbamate ester;
organic heterobicyclic compound		antimicrobial agent;
antineoplastic agent;
antiviral agent;
cysteine protease inhibitor;
Hsp90 inhibitor
calcipotriene
[no description available]		2.0210cyclopropanes;
hydroxy seco-steroid;
seco-cholestane;
secondary alcohol;
triol		antipsoriatic;
drug allergen
morphine
Meconium: The thick green-to-black mucilaginous material found in the intestines of a full-term fetus. It consists of secretions of the INTESTINAL GLANDS; BILE PIGMENTS; FATTY ACIDS; AMNIOTIC FLUID; and intrauterine debris. It constitutes the first stools passed by a newborn.		4.85100morphinane alkaloid;
organic heteropentacyclic compound;
tertiary amino compound		anaesthetic;
drug allergen;
environmental contaminant;
geroprotector;
mu-opioid receptor agonist;
opioid analgesic;
plant metabolite;
vasodilator agent;
xenobiotic
pactamycin
Pactamycin: Antibiotic produced by Streptomyces pactum used as an antineoplastic agent. It is also used as a tool in biochemistry because it inhibits certain steps in protein synthesis.		2.0410
demycarosylturimycin h
[no description available]		2.4720
su 9516
[no description available]		2.0510
4-(2-(5,6,7,8-tetrahydro-5,5,8,8-tetramethyl-2-naphthalenyl)-1-propenyl)benzoic acid
4-(2-(5,6,7,8-tetrahydro-5,5,8,8-tetramethyl-2-naphthalenyl)-1-propenyl)benzoic acid: RN refers to (E)-isomer; structure given in first source. arotinoid acid : A retinoid that consists of benzoic acid substituted at position 4 by a 2-(5,5,8,8-tetramethyl-5,6,7,8-tetrahydronaphthalen-2-yl)prop-1-en-1-yl group. It is a synthetic retinoid that acts as a selective agonist for the retinoic acid receptors (RAR).		2.4420benzoic acids;
naphthalenes;
retinoid		antineoplastic agent;
retinoic acid receptor agonist;
teratogenic agent
ar c67085mx
PSB-0413: a selective antagonist radioligand for platelet P2Y12 receptors		2.0710
l-2-(carboxypropyl)glycine
[no description available]		2.0310
4-aminocrotonic acid
[no description available]		2.0310
acipimox
acipimox: lipolysis inhibitor		2.0810pyrazinecarboxylic acid
anthramycin
[no description available]		2.0410
atosiban
[no description available]		2.0810oligopeptide
benzphetamine
Benzphetamine: A sympathomimetic agent with properties similar to DEXTROAMPHETAMINE. It is used in the treatment of obesity. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p1222). benzphetamine : Dextroamphetamine in which the the hydrogens attached to the amino group are substituted by a methyl and a benzyl group. A sympathomimetic agent with properties similar to dextroamphetamine, it is used as its hydrochloride salt in the treatment of obesity.		3.5920amphetamines;
tertiary amine		adrenergic uptake inhibitor;
appetite depressant;
dopamine uptake inhibitor;
sympathomimetic agent
bimatoprost
Bimatoprost: A cloprostenol-derived amide that is used as an ANTIHYPERTENSIVE AGENT in the treatment of OPEN-ANGLE GLAUCOMA and OCULAR HYPERTENSION.		2.0810monocarboxylic acid amideantiglaucoma drug;
antihypertensive agent
clobetasol
Clobetasol: A derivative of PREDNISOLONE with high glucocorticoid activity and low mineralocorticoid activity. Absorbed through the skin faster than FLUOCINONIDE, it is used topically in treatment of PSORIASIS but may cause marked adrenocortical suppression.. clobetasol : A 3-oxo-Delta(1),Delta(4)-steroid that is 16beta-methylpregna-1,4-diene-3,20-dione bearing hydroxy groups at the 11beta and 17alpha positions, fluorine at position 9, and a chlorine substituent at position 21. It is used as its 17alpha-propionate ester to treat various skin disorders, including exzema and psoriasis.		2.021011beta-hydroxy steroid;
17alpha-hydroxy steroid;
20-oxo steroid;
3-oxo-Delta(1),Delta(4)-steroid;
chlorinated steroid;
fluorinated steroid;
glucocorticoid;
tertiary alpha-hydroxy ketone		anti-inflammatory drug;
SMO receptor agonist
denopamine
denopamine: structure given in first source		2.4420dimethoxybenzene
deamino arginine vasopressin
Deamino Arginine Vasopressin: A synthetic analog of the pituitary hormone, ARGININE VASOPRESSIN. Its action is mediated by the VASOPRESSIN receptor V2. It has prolonged antidiuretic activity, but little pressor effects. It also modulates levels of circulating FACTOR VIII and VON WILLEBRAND FACTOR.		3.6820heterodetic cyclic peptidediagnostic agent;
renal agent;
vasopressin receptor agonist
desoximetasone
Desoximetasone: A topical anti-inflammatory glucocorticoid used in DERMATOSES, skin allergies, PSORIASIS, etc.. desoximetasone : Dexamethasone in which the hydroxy group at the 17alpha position is substituted by hydrogen. A synthetic corticosteroid with glucocorticoid activity, it is used as an anti-inflammatory and anti-pruritic in the treatment of various skin disorders, including skin allergies and psoriasis.		2.071011beta-hydroxy steroid;
20-oxo steroid;
21-hydroxy steroid;
3-oxo-Delta(1),Delta(4)-steroid;
fluorinated steroid;
glucocorticoid;
primary alpha-hydroxy ketone		anti-inflammatory drug;
antipruritic drug
dexmedetomidine
[no description available]		3.2310medetomidinealpha-adrenergic agonist;
analgesic;
non-narcotic analgesic;
sedative
fluticasone
Fluticasone: A STEROID with GLUCOCORTICOID RECEPTOR activity that is used to manage the symptoms of ASTHMA; ALLERGIC RHINITIS, and ATOPIC DERMATITIS.. fluticasone : A trifluorinated corticosteroid used in the form of its propionate ester for treatment of allergic rhinitis.		2.021011beta-hydroxy steroid;
17alpha-hydroxy steroid;
3-oxo-Delta(4) steroid;
corticosteroid;
fluorinated steroid;
thioester		anti-allergic agent;
anti-asthmatic drug
goserelin
Goserelin: A synthetic long-acting agonist of GONADOTROPIN-RELEASING HORMONE. Goserelin is used in treatments of malignant NEOPLASMS of the prostate, uterine fibromas, and metastatic breast cancer.		20.17214123organic molecular entity
halobetasol
halobetasol: used in ointment to treat psoriasis; Ulobetasol cream contains 0.05% 6-fluoroclobetasol 17-propionate		2.0210corticosteroid hormone
iloprost
Iloprost: An eicosanoid, derived from the cyclooxygenase pathway of arachidonic acid metabolism. It is a stable and synthetic analog of EPOPROSTENOL, but with a longer half-life than the parent compound. Its actions are similar to prostacyclin. Iloprost produces vasodilation and inhibits platelet aggregation.. iloprost : A carbobicyclic compound that is prostaglandin I2 in which the endocyclic oxygen is replaced by a methylene group and in which the (1E,3S)-3-hydroxyoct-1-en-1-yl side chain is replaced by a (3R)-3-hydroxy-4-methyloct-1-en-6-yn-1-yl group. A synthetic analogue of prostacyclin, it is used as the trometamol salt (generally by intravenous infusion) for the treatment of peripheral vascular disease and pulmonary hypertension.		2.0510carbobicyclic compound;
monocarboxylic acid;
secondary alcohol		platelet aggregation inhibitor;
vasodilator agent
l 655,708
[no description available]		2.4420
lacidipine
[no description available]		2.4520cinnamate ester;
tert-butyl ester
latanoprost
Latanoprost: A prostaglandin F analog used to treat OCULAR HYPERTENSION in patients with GLAUCOMA.. latanoprost : A prostaglandin Falpha that is the isopropyl ester prodrug of latanoprost free acid. Used in the treatment of open-angle glaucoma and ocular hypertension.		2.4520isopropyl ester;
prostaglandins Falpha;
triol		antiglaucoma drug;
antihypertensive agent;
EC 4.2.1.1 (carbonic anhydrase) inhibitor;
prodrug
cytochalasin b
Cytochalasin B: A cytotoxic member of the CYTOCHALASINS.. cytochalasin B : An organic heterotricyclic compound, that is a mycotoxin which is cell permeable an an inhibitor of cytoplasmic division by blocking the formation of contractile microfilaments.		2.0410cytochalasin;
lactam;
lactone;
organic heterotricyclic compound		actin polymerisation inhibitor;
metabolite;
mycotoxin;
platelet aggregation inhibitor
ml 10302
2-piperidinoethyl 4-amino-5-chloro-2-methoxybenzoate: structure in first source		2.0510
nalbuphine
Nalbuphine: A narcotic used as a pain medication. It appears to be an agonist at KAPPA RECEPTORS and an antagonist or partial agonist at MU RECEPTORS.		4.0640organic heteropentacyclic compoundmu-opioid receptor antagonist;
opioid analgesic
ro 41-1049
Ro 41-1049: structure given in first source		2.0310
nateglinide
Nateglinide: A phenylalanine and cyclohexane derivative that acts as a hypoglycemic agent by stimulating the release of insulin from the pancreas. It is used in the treatment of TYPE 2 DIABETES.. nateglinide : An N-acyl-D-phenylalanine resulting from the formal condensation of the amino group of D-phenylalanine with the carboxy group of trans-4-isopropylcyclohexanecarboxylic acid. An orally-administered, rapidly-absorbed, short-acting insulinotropic agent, it is used for the treatment of type 2 diabetes mellitus.		3.8830phenylalanine derivative
rimexolone
[no description available]		2.021020-oxo steroid
sb 200646a
[no description available]		2.4420
sb 223412
SB 223412: SB-223412 is the (S)-(-)-isomer; RN given for (S)-isomer; structure in first source		2.0710
seglitide
seglitide: more potent than somatostatin for inhibition of insulin, glucagon & growth hormone release; used experimentally in treatment of Alzheimer's disease; somatostatin receptor antagonist		2.4420
sib 1893
SIB 1893: a selective mGluR5 antagonist; structure in first source		2.0310
vinorelbine
[no description available]		4.2550acetate ester;
methyl ester;
organic heteropentacyclic compound;
organic heterotetracyclic compound;
ring assembly;
vinca alkaloid		antineoplastic agent;
photosensitizing agent
onapristone
onapristone: induces vaginal bleeding and luteal regression in monkeys; structure given in first source; progesterone antagonist		2.9140
silodosin
silodosin: an alpha(1a)-adrenoceptor-selective antagonist; structure given in first source		3.2310indolecarboxamide
su 6656
SU 6656: a c-Src kinase inhibitor; used to probe growth signaling; structure in first source. SU6656 : A member of the class of oxindoles that is 3-methyleneoxindole in which the hydrogeh at position 5 has been replaced by a dimethylaminosulfonyl group and in which one of the hydrogens of the methylene group has been replaced by a 4,5,6,7-tetrahydro-indol-2-yl group. It is a specific inhibitor of Src family kinase.		2.4420
irisquinone
irisquinone: from seeds of Iris pallasii Iridaceae; RN given refers to (Z)-isomer		2.0410
licochalcone a
licochalcone A: has both anti-inflammatory and antineoplastic activities; structure given in first source; isolated from root of Glycyrrhiza inflata; RN given refers to (E)-isomer		2.0510chalcones
furazolidone
[no description available]		2.7530
fluvoxamine
Fluvoxamine: A selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor that is used in the treatment of DEPRESSION and a variety of ANXIETY DISORDERS.. fluvoxamine : An oxime O-ether that is benzene substituted by a (1E)-N-(2-aminoethoxy)-5-methoxypentanimidoyl group at position 1 and a trifluoromethyl group at position 4. It is a selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor that is used for the treatment of obsessive-compulsive disorder.		4.7590(trifluoromethyl)benzenes;
5-methoxyvalerophenone O-(2-aminoethyl)oxime		antidepressant;
anxiolytic drug;
serotonin uptake inhibitor
ly2066948
LY2066948: a selective estrogen receptor modulator; structure in first source		2.0210
ag 538
AG 538: an IGF-1 receptor kinase inhibitor; structure in first source		2.0510
tyrphostin ag 555
[no description available]		2.4420
tyrphostin ag-494
AG 494: tyrphostin that blocks Cdk2 activation; structure in first source		2.0310
tyrphostin b44
tyrphostin B44: inhibits protein kinases; an analog of tyrphostin B46; B44(+) is B50, and is the stereoisomer of B44(-)		2.4420
ag-490
[no description available]		2.4420catechols;
enamide;
monocarboxylic acid amide;
nitrile;
secondary carboxamide		anti-inflammatory agent;
antioxidant;
apoptosis inducer;
EC 2.7.10.2 (non-specific protein-tyrosine kinase) inhibitor;
geroprotector;
STAT3 inhibitor
ag 112
[no description available]		2.4420
ag 183
AG 183: structure given in first source		2.4420
bosutinib
4-((2,4-dichloro-5-methoxyphenyl)amino)-6-methoxy-7-(3-(4-methyl-1-piperazinyl)propoxy)-3-quinolinecarbonitrile: a Src kinase inhibitor; structure in first source		2.0610aminoquinoline;
aromatic ether;
dichlorobenzene;
N-methylpiperazine;
nitrile;
tertiary amino compound		antineoplastic agent;
tyrosine kinase inhibitor
semaxinib
semaxanib : An oxindole that is 3-methyleneoxindole in which one of the hydrogens of the methylene group is replaced by a 3,5-dimethylpyrrol-2-yl group.		2.7430olefinic compound;
oxindoles;
pyrroles		angiogenesis modulating agent;
antineoplastic agent;
EC 2.7.10.1 (receptor protein-tyrosine kinase) inhibitor;
vascular endothelial growth factor receptor antagonist
orantinib
orantinib: an antiangiogenic agent. orantinib : An oxindole that is 3-methyleneoxindole in which one of the hydrogens of the methylene group is substituted by a 2-(2-carboxyethyl)-3,5-dimethylpyrrol-3-yl group. It is an ATP-competitive inhibitor of the tyrosine kinase activity of fibroblast growth factor receptor 1.		2.0510
su 11248
[no description available]		3.8730monocarboxylic acid amide;
pyrroles		angiogenesis inhibitor;
antineoplastic agent;
EC 2.7.10.1 (receptor protein-tyrosine kinase) inhibitor;
immunomodulator;
neuroprotective agent;
vascular endothelial growth factor receptor antagonist
mitoguazone
Mitoguazone: Antineoplastic agent effective against myelogenous leukemia in experimental animals. Also acts as an inhibitor of animal S-adenosylmethionine decarboxylase.. mitoguazone : A hydrazone obtained by formal condensation of the two carbonyl groups of methylglyoxal with the primary amino groups of two molecules of aminoguanidine.		2.0410guanidines;
hydrazone		antineoplastic agent;
apoptosis inducer;
EC 4.1.1.50 (adenosylmethionine decarboxylase) inhibitor
stilbamidine
stilbamidine: RN given refers to parent cpd		2.4620
8-(3-chlorostyryl)caffeine
8-(3-chlorostyryl)caffeine: adenosine antagonist. 8-(3-chlorostyryl)caffeine : Caffeine substituted at its 8-position by an (E)-3-chlorostyryl group.		2.4420monochlorobenzenes;
trimethylxanthine		adenosine A2A receptor antagonist;
EC 1.4.3.4 (monoamine oxidase) inhibitor
bay 11-7085
BAY11-7085 : A sulfone that is benzene substituted by [(E)-2-cyanoethenyl]sulfonyl and tert-butyl groups at position 1 and 4, respectively. It is an irreversible inhibitor of IkappaB-alpha phosphorylation in cells (IC50 = 10 muM) and prevents the activation of NF-kappaB.		2.4420benzenes;
nitrile;
sulfone		anti-inflammatory agent;
antibacterial agent;
antineoplastic agent;
apoptosis inducer;
autophagy inducer;
EC 2.7.11.10 (IkappaB kinase) inhibitor;
ferroptosis inducer;
NF-kappaB inhibitor
bw b70c
BW B70C: arachidonic acid antagonist. BW B70C : A hydroxamic acid that is urea in which both the hydrogens attached to one of the nitrogens are replaced by a hydroxy and a (1E)-1-[3-(4-fluorophenoxy)phenyl]but-1-en-3-yl group. A selective inhibitor of arachidonate 5-lipoxygenase, it can be used for the treatment of asthma.		2.0510aromatic ether;
hydroxamic acid;
organofluorine compound;
ureas		EC 1.13.11.34 (arachidonate 5-lipoxygenase) inhibitor
(6E)-7-[3-(4-fluorophenyl)-1-(propan-2-yl)-1H-indol-2-yl]-3,5-dihydroxyhept-6-enoic acid
(6E)-7-[3-(4-fluorophenyl)-1-(propan-2-yl)-1H-indol-2-yl]-3,5-dihydroxyhept-6-enoic acid : A dihydroxy monocarboxylic acid that is N-isopropylindole which is substituted at position 3 by a p-fluorophenyl group and at position 2 by a 6-carboxy-3,5-dihydroxyhex-1-en-1-yl group. It has four possible diastereoisomers.		4.7790dihydroxy monocarboxylic acid;
indoles;
organofluorine compound
molsidomine
[no description available]		2.7530ethyl ester;
morpholines;
oxadiazole;
zwitterion		antioxidant;
apoptosis inhibitor;
cardioprotective agent;
nitric oxide donor;
vasodilator agent
diamide
Diamide: A sulfhydryl reagent which oxidizes sulfhydryl groups to the disulfide form. It is a radiation-sensitizing agent of anoxic bacterial and mammalian cells.		2.03101,1'-azobis(N,N-dimethylformamide)
oxiconazole
oxiconazole: RN given refers to parent cpd(Z)-isomer; structure given in first source. oxiconazole : An oxime O-ether that is the 2,4-dichlorobenzyl ether of the oxime obtained by formal condensation of hydroxylamine with the carbonyl group of acetopnenone in which the phenyl group is substituted by chlorines at positions 2 and 4, and in which one of the hydrogens of the methyl group is replaced by a 1H-imidazol-1-yl group. An antifungal agent, it is used (generally as the nitrate salt) in creams and powders for the topical treatment of fungal skin infections.		2.0210conazole antifungal drug;
dichlorobenzene;
imidazole antifungal drug;
imidazoles;
oxime O-ether		antiinfective agent
15-hydroxy-11 alpha,9 alpha-(epoxymethano)prosta-5,13-dienoic acid
15-Hydroxy-11 alpha,9 alpha-(epoxymethano)prosta-5,13-dienoic Acid: A stable prostaglandin endoperoxide analog which serves as a thromboxane mimetic. Its actions include mimicking the hydro-osmotic effect of VASOPRESSIN and activation of TYPE C PHOSPHOLIPASES. (From J Pharmacol Exp Ther 1983;224(1): 108-117; Biochem J 1984;222(1):103-110)		2.6830
octylmethoxycinnamate
[no description available]		2.4620cinnamate ester
triphenyltin
triphenyltin: triphenyltin derivatives widely used as pesticides; all of first source is triphenyltin cpds		210
nomifensine maleate
[no description available]		2.4420
levorphanol
Levorphanol: A narcotic analgesic that may be habit-forming. It is nearly as effective orally as by injection.		3.2310morphinane alkaloid
arsenic
Arsenic: A shiny gray element with atomic symbol As, atomic number 33, and atomic weight 75. It occurs throughout the universe, mostly in the form of metallic arsenides. Most forms are toxic. According to the Fourth Annual Report on Carcinogens (NTP 85-002, 1985), arsenic and certain arsenic compounds have been listed as known carcinogens. (From Merck Index, 11th ed)		2.0210metalloid atom;
pnictogen		micronutrient
naltrexone
Naltrexone: Derivative of noroxymorphone that is the N-cyclopropylmethyl congener of NALOXONE. It is a narcotic antagonist that is effective orally, longer lasting and more potent than naloxone, and has been proposed for the treatment of heroin addiction. The FDA has approved naltrexone for the treatment of alcohol dependence.. naltrexone : An organic heteropentacyclic compound that is naloxone substituted in which the allyl group attached to the nitrogen is replaced by a cyclopropylmethyl group. A mu-opioid receptor antagonist, it is used to treat alcohol dependence.		4.7790cyclopropanes;
morphinane-like compound;
organic heteropentacyclic compound		antidote to opioid poisoning;
central nervous system depressant;
environmental contaminant;
mu-opioid receptor antagonist;
xenobiotic
dextromethorphan
Dextromethorphan: Methyl analog of DEXTRORPHAN that shows high affinity binding to several regions of the brain, including the medullary cough center. This compound is an NMDA receptor antagonist (RECEPTORS, N-METHYL-D-ASPARTATE) and acts as a non-competitive channel blocker. It is one of the widely used ANTITUSSIVES, and is also used to study the involvement of glutamate receptors in neurotoxicity.. dextromethorphan : A 6-methoxy-11-methyl-1,3,4,9,10,10a-hexahydro-2H-10,4a-(epiminoethano)phenanthrene in which the sterocenters at positions 4a, 10 and 10a have S-configuration. It is a prodrug of dextrorphan and used as an antitussive drug for suppressing cough.		4.41606-methoxy-11-methyl-1,3,4,9,10,10a-hexahydro-2H-10,4a-(epiminoethano)phenanthreneantitussive;
environmental contaminant;
neurotoxin;
NMDA receptor antagonist;
oneirogen;
prodrug;
xenobiotic
nalbuphine hydrochloride
[no description available]		2.4420hydrochloride
butorphanol
Butorphanol: A synthetic morphinan analgesic with narcotic antagonist action. It is used in the management of severe pain.. butorphanol : Levorphanol in which a hydrogen at position 14 of the morphinan skeleton is substituted by hydroxy and one of the hydrogens of the N-methyl group is substituted by cyclopropyl. A semi-synthetic opioid agonist-antagonist analgesic, it is used as its (S,S)-tartaric acid salt for relief or moderate to severe pain.		4.2650morphinane alkaloidantitussive;
kappa-opioid receptor agonist;
mu-opioid receptor agonist;
opioid analgesic
cefixime
[no description available]		4.5470cephalosporinantibacterial drug;
drug allergen
lisinopril
Lisinopril: One of the ANGIOTENSIN-CONVERTING ENZYME INHIBITORS (ACE inhibitors), orally active, that has been used in the treatment of hypertension and congestive heart failure.		4.6680dipeptideEC 3.4.15.1 (peptidyl-dipeptidase A) inhibitor
benazepril
benazepril: structure given in first source. benazepril : A benzazepine that is benazeprilat in which the carboxy group of the 2-amino-4-phenylbutanoic acid moiety has been converted to the corresponding ethyl ester. It is used (generally as its hydrochloride salt) as a prodrug for the angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor benazeprilat in the treatment of hypertension and heart failure.		4.0740benzazepine;
dicarboxylic acid monoester;
ethyl ester;
lactam		EC 3.4.15.1 (peptidyl-dipeptidase A) inhibitor;
prodrug
ramipril
Ramipril: A long-acting angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor. It is a prodrug that is transformed in the liver to its active metabolite ramiprilat.. ramipril : A dipeptide that is the prodrug for ramiprilat, the active metabolite obtained by hydrolysis of the ethyl ester group. An angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitor, used to treat high blood pressure and congestive heart failure.. quark : Quarks comprise one of two classes of the fundamental particles. Quarks possess fractional electric charges and are not observed in free state. The word "quark" first appears in James Joyce's Finnegans Wake and has been chosen by Murray Gell-Mann as a name for fundamental building blocks of particles.		4.2550azabicycloalkane;
cyclopentapyrrole;
dicarboxylic acid monoester;
dipeptide;
ethyl ester		bradykinin receptor B2 agonist;
cardioprotective agent;
EC 3.4.15.1 (peptidyl-dipeptidase A) inhibitor;
matrix metalloproteinase inhibitor;
prodrug
verteporfin
(2R,2(1)S)-8-ethenyl-2(1),2(2)-bis(methoxycarbonyl)-17-(3-methoxy-3-oxopropyl)-2,7,12,18-tetramethyl-2,2(1)-dihydrobenzo[b]porphyrin-13-propanoic acid : The 2(1),2(2),17-trimethyl ester of (2R,2(1)S)-2(1),2(2)-dicarboxy-8-ethenyl-2,7,12,18-tetramethyl-2,2(1)-dihydrobenzo[b]porphyrin-13,17-dipropanoic acid.		3.2310
indinavir sulfate
Indinavir: A potent and specific HIV protease inhibitor that appears to have good oral bioavailability.		5.03120dicarboxylic acid diamide;
N-(2-hydroxyethyl)piperazine;
piperazinecarboxamide		HIV protease inhibitor
zimeldine
Zimeldine: One of the SEROTONIN UPTAKE INHIBITORS formerly used for depression but was withdrawn worldwide in September 1983 because of the risk of GUILLAIN-BARRE SYNDROME associated with its use. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 29th ed, p385)		4.2850styrenes
musk
musk: pure essence from secretion of preputial follicles of Moschus moschiferus L.		2.0110macrolide
piperic acid
piperinic acid: from Piper longum; structure in first source. (E,E)-piperic acid : A monocarboxylic acid that is (E)-penta-2,4-dienoic acid substituted by a 1,3-benzodioxol-5-yl group at position 5. It has been isolated from black pepper (Piper nigrum).		2.0510alpha,beta-unsaturated monocarboxylic acid;
benzodioxoles		plant metabolite
isoalloxazine
isoalloxazine: structure		2.0310benzo[g]pteridine-2,4-dione
enalapril maleate
enalapril maleate : The maleic acid salt of enalapril. It contains one molecule of maleic acid for each molecule of enalapril. Following oral administration, the ethyl ester group of enalapril is hydrolysed to afford the corresponding carboxylic acid, enalaprilat, an angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitor. Enalapril is thus a prodrug for enalaprilat (which, unlike enalapril, is not absorbed by mouth), and its maleate is used in the treatment of hypertension and heart failure, for reduction of proteinuria and renal disease in patients with nephropathies, and for the prevention of stroke, myocardial infarction, and cardiac death in high-risk patients.		2.0810maleate saltantihypertensive agent;
EC 3.4.15.1 (peptidyl-dipeptidase A) inhibitor;
prodrug
enalapril
Enalapril: An angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor that is used to treat HYPERTENSION and HEART FAILURE.. enalapril : A dicarboxylic acid monoester that is ethyl 4-phenylbutanoate in which a hydrogen alpha to the carboxy group is substituted by the amino group of L-alanyl-L-proline (S-configuration).		4.6580dicarboxylic acid monoester;
dipeptide		antihypertensive agent;
EC 3.4.15.1 (peptidyl-dipeptidase A) inhibitor;
geroprotector;
prodrug
vinblastine sulfate
[no description available]		2.9640
nitrofurazone
Nitrofurazone: A topical anti-infective agent effective against gram-negative and gram-positive bacteria. It is used for superficial WOUNDS AND INJURIES and skin infections. Nitrofurazone has also been administered orally in the treatment of TRYPANOSOMIASIS.. nitrofurazone : A semicarbazone resulting from the formal condensation of semicarbazide with 5-nitrofuraldehyde. A broad spectrum antibacterial drug, although with little activity against Pseudomonas species, it is used as a local application for burns, ulcers, wounds and skin infections.		2.7530
trientine hydrochloride
[no description available]		3.8630
n-methylscopolamine bromide
scopolamine methobromide : A quaternary ammonium salt resulting from the reaction of the amino group of scopolamine with methyl bromide.		3.5720
bleomycin
[no description available]		3.5920bleomycinantineoplastic agent;
metabolite
cysteine
Cysteine: A thiol-containing non-essential amino acid that is oxidized to form CYSTINE.. L-cysteinium : The L-enantiomer of cysteinium.. cysteine : A sulfur-containing amino acid that is propanoic acid with an amino group at position 2 and a sulfanyl group at position 3.		2.0510cysteiniumfundamental metabolite
dextromethorphan hydrobromide
dextromethorphan hydrobromide : The hydrobromide and monohydrate of the antitussive drug dextromethorphan.		2.9640hydrate;
hydrobromide
indinavir sulfate
[no description available]		2.0510azaheterocycle sulfate salt
enalaprilat anhydrous
Enalaprilat: The active metabolite of ENALAPRIL and one of the potent, intravenously administered, ANGIOTENSIN-CONVERTING ENZYME INHIBITORS. It is an effective agent for the treatment of essential hypertension and has beneficial hemodynamic effects in heart failure. The drug produces renal vasodilation with an increase in sodium excretion.. enalaprilat dihydrate : The dihydrate form of enalaprilat, an angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitor that is used (often in the form of its prodrug, enalapril) in the treatment of hypertension and heart failure, for reduction of proteinuria and renal disease in patients with nephropathies, and for the prevention of stroke, myocardial infarction, and cardiac death in high-risk patients. Unlike enalapril, enalaprilat is not absorbed by mouth but is administered by intravenous injection.. enalaprilat (anhydrous) : Enalapril in which the ethyl ester group has been hydrolysed to the corresponding carboxylic acid. Enalaprilat is an angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitor and is used (often in the form of its prodrug, enalapril) in the treatment of hypertension and heart failure, for reduction of proteinuria and renal disease in patients with nephropathies, and for the prevention of stroke, myocardial infarction, and cardiac death in high-risk patients. Unlike enalapril, enalaprilat is not absorbed by mouth but is given by intravenous injection, usually as the dihydrate.		4.140dicarboxylic acid;
dipeptide		antihypertensive agent;
EC 3.4.15.1 (peptidyl-dipeptidase A) inhibitor
naloxone hydrochloride
naloxone hydrochloride : A hydrochloride resulting from the formal reaction of equimolar amounts of naloxone and hydrogen chloride. A specific opioid antagonist, it is used to reverse the effects of opioids, both following their use of opioids during surgery and in cases of known or suspected opioid overdose.		2.0310hydrochlorideantidote to opioid poisoning;
central nervous system depressant;
mu-opioid receptor antagonist
imidapril
imidapril: structure given in first source. imidapril : A member of the class of imidazolidines that is (4S)-1-methyl-2-oxoimidazolidine-4-carboxylic acid in which the hydrogen of the imidazolidine nitrogen has been substituted by (1S)-1-{[(2S)-1-ethoxy-1-oxo-4-phenylbutan-2-yl]amino}ethyl group. It is the prodrug for imidaprilat, an ACE inhibitor used for the treatment of chronic heart failure.		2.0510dicarboxylic acid monoester;
dipeptide;
ethyl ester;
imidazolidines;
N-acylurea;
secondary amino compound		antihypertensive agent;
EC 3.4.15.1 (peptidyl-dipeptidase A) inhibitor;
prodrug
s-trans,trans-farnesylthiosalicylic acid
farnesylthiosalicylic acid: structure in first source		2.4420sesquiterpenoid
sulindac sulfone
sulindac sulfone: inhibits K-ras-dependent cyclooxygenase-2; sulfated analog of indomethacin;; CP248 is an antineoplastic agent that fosters microtubule depolymerization; structure in first source. sulindac sulfone : A sulfone metabolite of sulindac that inhibits cell growth by inducing apoptosis independently of cyclooxygenase inhibition. It inhibits the development and induces regression of premalignant adenomatous polyps. Lipoxygenase and Cox-2 inhibitor.		2.7330monocarboxylic acid;
organofluorine compound;
sulfone		apoptosis inducer;
cyclooxygenase 2 inhibitor;
EC 1.13.11.34 (arachidonate 5-lipoxygenase) inhibitor
ximelagatran
ximelagatran: prodrug (via hydroxylation) of melagatran & a direct thrombin inhibitor; liver toxicity concerns so AZD0837 being developed to replace this. ximelagatran : A member of the class of azetidines that is melagatran in which the carboxylic acid group has been converted to the corresponding ethyl ester and in which the amidine group has been converted into the corresponding amidoxime. A prodrug for melagatran, ximelagatran was the first orally available direct thrombin inhibitor to be brought to market as an anticoagulant, but was withdrawn in 2006 following reports of it causing liver damage.		4.0840amidoxime;
azetidines;
carboxamide;
ethyl ester;
hydroxylamines;
secondary amino compound;
secondary carboxamide;
tertiary carboxamide		anticoagulant;
EC 3.4.21.5 (thrombin) inhibitor;
prodrug;
serine protease inhibitor
cefuroxime
[no description available]		3.84303-(carbamoyloxymethyl)cephalosporin;
furans;
oxime O-ether		drug allergen
ceftriaxone
[no description available]		4.25501,2,4-triazines;
1,3-thiazoles;
cephalosporin;
oxime O-ether		antibacterial drug;
drug allergen;
EC 3.5.2.6 (beta-lactamase) inhibitor
cefepime
Cefepime: A fourth-generation cephalosporin antibacterial agent that is used in the treatment of infections, including those of the abdomen, urinary tract, respiratory tract, and skin. It is effective against PSEUDOMONAS AERUGINOSA and may also be used in the empiric treatment of FEBRILE NEUTROPENIA.. cefepime : A cephalosporin bearing (1-methylpyrrolidinium-1-yl)methyl and (2Z)-2-(2-amino-1,3-thiazol-4-yl)-2-(methoxyimino)acetamido groups at positions 3 and 7, respectively, of the cephem skeleton.		3.5620cephalosporin;
oxime O-ether		antibacterial drug
pafuramidine
pafuramidine: a prodrug of furamidine		3.5920
ceftazidime
[no description available]		4.5470cephalosporin;
oxime O-ether		antibacterial drug;
drug allergen;
EC 2.4.1.129 (peptidoglycan glycosyltransferase) inhibitor
trandolapril
trandolapril : A heterobicylic compound that is (2S,3aR,7aS)-1-[(2S)-2-aminopropanoyl]octahydro-1H-indole-2-carboxylic acid in which the hydrogen of the amino group is substituted by a (2R)-1-ethoxy-1-oxo-4-phenylbutan-2-yl group. It is a angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor and a prodrug used for the treatment of hypertension.		4.0840dicarboxylic acid monoester;
dipeptide;
ethyl ester;
organic heterobicyclic compound;
secondary amino compound;
tertiary carboxamide		antihypertensive agent;
EC 3.4.15.1 (peptidyl-dipeptidase A) inhibitor;
prodrug
ay 25,205
surfagon: potent LHRH agonist; RN given refers to (D-Ala-L-Pro)-isomer		210
naltrexone hydrochloride
naltrexone hydrochloride : A hydrochloride obtained by reaction of oxycodone with one molar equivalent of hydrochloric acid. it is a mu-opioid receptor antagonist that is used to treat alcohol dependence.		2.4420hydrochlorideantidote to opioid poisoning;
central nervous system depressant;
mu-opioid receptor antagonist
enkephalin, ala(2)-mephe(4)-gly(5)-
Enkephalin, Ala(2)-MePhe(4)-Gly(5)-: An enkephalin analog that selectively binds to the MU OPIOID RECEPTOR. It is used as a model for drug permeability experiments.		2.1310
pregabalin
Pregabalin: A gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) derivative that functions as a CALCIUM CHANNEL BLOCKER and is used as an ANTICONVULSANT as well as an ANTI-ANXIETY AGENT. It is also used as an ANALGESIC in the treatment of NEUROPATHIC PAIN and FIBROMYALGIA.. pregabalin : A gamma-amino acid that is gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) carrying an isobutyl substitutent at the beta-position (the S-enantiomer). Binds with high affinity to the alpha2-delta site (an auxiliary subunit of voltage-gated calcium channels) in central nervous system tissues.		3.6120gamma-amino acidanticonvulsant;
calcium channel blocker
fibroblast growth factor (1-10)
fibroblast growth factor (1-10): Tyr(10) labeled with 125I		210
tiotropium
tiotropium : A quaternary ammonium ion obtained by methylation of the tertiary amino group of (1alpha,2beta,4beta,5alpha,7beta)-7-[(hydroxydi-2-thienylacetyl)oxy]-9-methyl-3-oxa-9-azoniatricyclo[3.3.1.0(2,4)]nonane. Used (in the form of the bromide hydrate) for maintenance treatment of airflow obstruction in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease.		2.0710
alvimopan anhydrous
alvimopan: mu opioid receptor antagonist; intended to treat constipation in patients taking opiates for pain		3.6120peptide
aliskiren
aliskiren: orally active nonpeptidic renin inhibitor. aliskiren : A monomethoxybenzene compound having a 3-methoxypropoxy group at the 2-position and a multi-substituted branched alkyl substituent at the 4-position.		3.2310monocarboxylic acid amide;
monomethoxybenzene		antihypertensive agent
guanabenz acetate
[no description available]		2.7430dichlorobenzenegeroprotector
guanabenz
Guanabenz: An alpha-2 selective adrenergic agonist used as an antihypertensive agent.		2.7230dichlorobenzene
nylidrin hydrochloride
[no description available]		2.4420alkylbenzene
triprolidine hydrochloride anhydrous
triprolidine hydrochloride (anh.) : A hydrochloride resulting from the formal reaction of equimolar amounts of triprolidine and hydrogen chloride. Its monohydrate is used for the symptomatic relief of uticaria, rhinitis, and various pruritic skin disorders.		2.4420hydrochlorideH1-receptor antagonist
famotidine
[no description available]		5.021201,3-thiazoles;
guanidines;
sulfonamide		anti-ulcer drug;
H2-receptor antagonist;
P450 inhibitor
fenoterol
fenoterol hydrobromide : The hydrobromide salt of fenoterol. A beta2-adrenergic agonist, it is used as a bronchodilator in the management of reversible airway obstruction.		2.7430hydrobromidebeta-adrenergic agonist;
bronchodilator agent;
sympathomimetic agent
tiapridex
Tiapride Hydrochloride: A benzamide derivative that is used as a dopamine antagonist.		2.0310benzamides
quipazine maleate
[no description available]		2.4420
n-(2-aminoethyl)-4-chlorobenzamide hydrochloride
Ro 16-6491: structure given in first source		2.0310
tulobuterol hydrochloride
[no description available]		2.4420organic molecular entity
hp 029
[no description available]		2.4420
cefotaxime
Cefotaxime: Semisynthetic broad-spectrum cephalosporin.. cefotaxime : A cephalosporin compound having acetoxymethyl and [2-(2-amino-1,3-thiazol-4-yl)-2-(methoxyimino)acetyl]amino side groups.		3.85301,3-thiazoles;
cephalosporin;
oxime O-ether		antibacterial drug;
drug allergen
aztreonam
[no description available]		4.4160beta-lactam antibiotic allergen;
monobactam		antibacterial drug;
drug allergen;
EC 2.4.1.129 (peptidoglycan glycosyltransferase) inhibitor
nw 1029
Ralfinamide: Sodium Channel Blocker; structure in first source		2.0710
n,n,n-trimethyl-1-(4-stilbenoxy)-2-propylammonium iodide
[no description available]		2.0310
6-(bromomethylene)tetrahydro-3-(1-naphthaleneyl)-2h-pyran-2-one
6-(bromomethylene)tetrahydro-3-(1-naphthaleneyl)-2H-pyran-2-one: structure given in first source; potent irreversible, mechanism-based inhibitor of myocardial calcium-independent phospholipase A2		2.4420naphthalenes
nf023
[no description available]		2.0310
nf 449
[no description available]		2.4420
7-chloro-4-hydroxy-2-phenyl-1,8-naphthyridine
[no description available]		2.4420
gr 46611
GR 46611: known to lower body temperature in guinea pigs		2.0310
proguanil
Proguanil: A biguanide compound which metabolizes in the body to form cycloguanil, an anti-malaria agent.. proguanil : A biguanide compound which has isopropyl and p-chlorophenyl substituents on the terminal N atoms. A prophylactic antimalarial drug, it works by inhibiting the enzyme dihydrofolate reductase, which is involved in the reproduction of the malaria parasites Plasmodium falciparum and P. vivax within the red blood cells.		2.4620biguanides;
monochlorobenzenes		antimalarial;
antiprotozoal drug;
EC 1.5.1.3 (dihydrofolate reductase) inhibitor
cci 15641
[no description available]		2.4520cephalosporin
rifamycin sv
rifamycin SV: RN given refers to parent cpd; structure in Merck Index, 9th ed, #8009. rifamycin SV : A member of the class of rifamycins that exhibits antibiotic and antitubercular properties.		2.9940acetate ester;
cyclic ketal;
lactam;
macrocycle;
organic heterotetracyclic compound;
polyphenol;
rifamycins		antimicrobial agent;
antitubercular agent;
bacterial metabolite
selenium
Selenium: An element with the atomic symbol Se, atomic number 34, and atomic weight 78.97. It is an essential micronutrient for mammals and other animals but is toxic in large amounts. Selenium protects intracellular structures against oxidative damage. It is an essential component of GLUTATHIONE PEROXIDASE.		2.4820chalcogen;
nonmetal atom		micronutrient
ceftiofur
[no description available]		2.0410
cefpodoxime
[no description available]		3.5620carboxylic acid;
cephalosporin		antibacterial drug
palonosetron
Palonosetron: Isoquinoline and quinuclidine derivative that acts as a 5-HT3 RECEPTOR antagonist. It is used in the prevention of nausea and vomiting induced by cytotoxic chemotherapy, and for the prevention of post-operative nausea and vomiting.. palonosetron : An organic heterotricyclic compound that is an antiemetic used (as its hydrochloride salt) in combination with netupitant (under the trade name Akynzeo) to treat nausea and vomiting in patients undergoing cancer chemotherapy.		3.2310azabicycloalkane;
delta-lactam;
organic heterotricyclic compound		antiemetic;
serotonergic antagonist
epoprostenol sodium
[no description available]		2.0510prostanoid
tenofovir disoproxil fumarate
tenofovir disoproxil fumarate : A fumarate salt prepared from equimolar amounts of tenofovir disoproxil and fumaric acid. It is used in combination therapy for the treatment of HIV infection.		2.0810fumarate saltantiviral drug;
HIV-1 reverse transcriptase inhibitor;
prodrug
diacetylmonoxime
diacetylmonoxime: used diagnostically for determining urea in blood; structure; myosin ATPase antagonist. diacetylmonoxime : A ketoxime obtained via formal condensation of butane-2,3-dione with hydroxylamine. It is a reversible myosin ATPase inhibitor.		2.0310
homatropine hydrobromide, (endo-(+-)-isomer)
[no description available]		2.4420
enclomiphene citrate
[no description available]		2.0510
vancomycin hydrochloride
[no description available]		2.0310
moxisylyte hydrochloride
[no description available]		2.0310monoterpenoid
dizocilpine maleate
Dizocilpine Maleate: A potent noncompetitive antagonist of the NMDA receptor (RECEPTORS, N-METHYL-D-ASPARTATE) used mainly as a research tool. The drug has been considered for the wide variety of neurodegenerative conditions or disorders in which NMDA receptors may play an important role. Its use has been primarily limited to animal and tissue experiments because of its psychotropic effects.. dizocilpine maleate : A maleate salt obtained by reaction of dizocilpine with one equivalent of maleic acid.		2.4420maleate salt;
tetracyclic antidepressant		anaesthetic;
anticonvulsant;
neuroprotective agent;
nicotinic antagonist;
NMDA receptor antagonist
diphenoxylate hydrochloride
diphenoxylate hydrochloride : The hydrochloride salt of diphenoxylate.		2.4620hydrochlorideantidiarrhoeal drug
beta-aminopropionitrile fumarate
beta-aminopropionitrile fumarate: RN given refers to unspecified fumarate		2.0310
dexbrompheniramine maleate
dexbrompheniramine maleate : The maleic acid salt of the (pharmacologically active) (S)-(+)-enantiomer of brompheniramine. A histamine H1 receptor antagonist, it is used for the symptomatic relief of allergic conditions, including rhinitis and conjunctivitis.		2.0810brompheniramine maleateanti-allergic agent;
H1-receptor antagonist
mg 624
triethyl-(beta-4-stilbenoxyethyl)ammonium: inhibits alpha7 nicotinic receptors; structure in first source		2.0510
flupirtine
[no description available]		2.4420
cilastatin
[no description available]		2.0410carboxamide;
L-cysteine derivative;
non-proteinogenic L-alpha-amino acid;
organic sulfide		EC 3.4.13.19 (membrane dipeptidase) inhibitor;
environmental contaminant;
protease inhibitor;
xenobiotic
zimelidine hydrochloride
[no description available]		2.4420
rifaximin
[no description available]		3.6120acetate ester;
cyclic ketal;
lactam;
macrocycle;
organic heterohexacyclic compound;
rifamycins;
semisynthetic derivative		antimicrobial agent;
gastrointestinal drug;
orphan drug
ergonovine maleate
ergometrine maleate : A maleate salt resulting form the reaction of equimolar amounts of maleic acid and ergometrine. It is used in the active management of the third stage of labour, and to prevent or treat postpartum of postabortal haemorrhage caused by uterine atony: by maintaining uterine contraction and tone, blood vessels in the uterine wall are compressed and blood flow reduced.		2.4620maleate saltdiagnostic agent;
oxytocic
sibiromycin
[no description available]		2.0410aminoglycoside antibiotic;
hemiaminal;
phenols;
pyrrolobenzodiazepine		antineoplastic agent;
bacterial metabolite
7-(3-(3-hydroxy-4-(4'-iodophenoxy)-1-butenyl)-7-oxabicyclo(2.2.1)heptan-2-yl)-5-heptenoic acid
7-(3-(3-hydroxy-4-(4'-iodophenoxy)-1-butenyl)-7-oxabicyclo(2.2.1)heptan-2-yl)-5-heptenoic acid: structure given in first source; thromboxane A2/prostaglandin H2 receptor agonist; RN given refers to the (125I) labeled cpd		1.9910
ici d1542
ICI D1542: redirects arachidonic acid metabolism; an inhibitor of thromboxane A2 synthetase and of thromboxane receptors		2.0710
everolimus
[no description available]		3.6120cyclic acetal;
cyclic ketone;
ether;
macrolide lactam;
primary alcohol;
secondary alcohol		anticoronaviral agent;
antineoplastic agent;
geroprotector;
immunosuppressive agent;
mTOR inhibitor
ixabepilone
[no description available]		3.59201,3-thiazoles;
beta-hydroxy ketone;
epoxide;
lactam;
macrocycle		antineoplastic agent;
microtubule-destabilising agent
pregna-4,17-diene-3,16-dione, (17z)-isomer
[no description available]		2.4420
gavestinel
[no description available]		2.0710
su 4312
SU4312 : A member of the class of oxindoles that is 3-methyleneoxindole in which one of the hydrogens of the methylene group has been replaced by a p-(dimethylamino)phenyl group. SU 4312 is a vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) receptor protein tyrosine kinase 1/2 and platelet derived growth factor (PDGF) receptor inhibitor. It also inhibits the neuronal nitric oxide synthase (NOS) and exhibits neuroprotection against NO-mediated neurotoxicity.		2.4420
cobaltite
cobaltite: a sulfosalt mineral composed of cobalt, arsenic and sulfur, CoAsS		7.2510
dirithromycin
[no description available]		2.0210macrolide antibioticprodrug
nifuroxime
5-nitro-2-furaldehyde oxime: structure in first source		2.0510
azlocillin
Azlocillin: A semisynthetic ampicillin-derived acylureido penicillin.. azlocillin : A semisynthetic penicillin having a 6beta-{(2R)-2-[(2-oxoimidazolidine-1-carbonyl)amino]-2-phenylacetyl}amino side-group. It is an antibiotic used in treating infections caused by Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Escherichia coli and Haemophilus influenzae.		2.4420penicillin allergen;
penicillin;
semisynthetic derivative		antibacterial drug
verlukast
verlukast: LTD4 receptor antagonist		2.0710
gw 1929
GW 1929: activates peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-gamma; structure in first source		2.4420benzophenones
cefpodoxime proxetil
cefpodoxime proxetil: structure given in first source; prodrug for cefpodoxime. cefpodoxime proxetil : The 1-[(isopropoxycarbonyl)oxy]ethyl (proxetil) ester prodrug of cefpodoxime. After swallowing, hydrolysis of the ester group occurs in the intestinal epithelium, to release active cefpodoxime in the bloodstream. It is used to treat acute otitis media, pharyngitis, and sinusitis.		2.4520carboxylic acid;
carboxylic ester;
cephalosporin		antibacterial drug;
prodrug
ceftizoxime
[no description available]		3.8430cephalosporinantibacterial drug
1-methyl-d-lysergic acid butanolamide
[no description available]		4.2650ergot alkaloid;
monocarboxylic acid amide		serotonergic antagonist;
sympatholytic agent;
vasoconstrictor agent
fluphenazine
[no description available]		2.0810
protriptyline hydrochloride
[no description available]		2.4420hydrochlorideantidepressant
n(4)-chloroacetylcytosine arabinoside
[no description available]		2.0310
n-(3-(cyclohexylidene-(1h-imidazol-4-ylmethyl))phenyl)ethanesulfonamide
[no description available]		2.4420
n-(4-amino-2-chlorophenyl)phthalimide
N-(4-amino-2-chlorophenyl)phthalimide: has anticonvulsant activity; structure in first source		2.0310
cb 34
CB 34: ligand for peripheral benzodiazepine receptors; structure in first source		2.0310
b 43
RK-24466 : A member of the class of pyrrolopyrimidines that is 7H-pyrrolo[2,3-d]pyrimidine substituted by amino, 4-phenoxyphenyl, and cyclopentyl groups at positions 4, 5 and 7, respectively. It is a potent inhibitor of Lck that inhibits Lck (64-509) and LckCD isoforms (IC50 of less than 1 and 2 nM, respectively).		2.4420aromatic amine;
aromatic ether;
cyclopentanes;
primary amino compound;
pyrrolopyrimidine		EC 2.7.10.2 (non-specific protein-tyrosine kinase) inhibitor;
geroprotector
(8R)-7-methyl-5,6,6a,7-tetrahydro-4H-dibenzo[de,g]quinoline-2,13,14-triol
[no description available]		2.0310aporphine alkaloid
(8R)-7-propyl-5,6,6a,7-tetrahydro-4H-dibenzo[de,g]quinoline-2,13,14-triol
[no description available]		2.0310aporphine alkaloid
3-(6-chloro-3-pyridazinyl)-3,8-diazabicyclo(3.2.1)octane
3-(6-chloro-3-pyridazinyl)-3,8-diazabicyclo(3.2.1)octane: structure in first source		2.0310
2-(3,3-diphenylpropylamino)acetamide
[no description available]		2.4420diarylmethane
4-(2-(phenylsulfonylamino)ethylthio)-2,6-difluorophenoxyacetamide
4-(2-(phenylsulfonylamino)ethylthio)-2,6-difluorophenoxyacetamide: structure given in first source		2.0310
gw2974
GW2974: quinazoline derivative, which is able to block the activation of both the EGFR and erbB2		2.0310pyridopyrimidine
l 162313
L 162313: a biphenylimidazole derivative; a non-peptide angiotensin agonist; no further information available 2/95		2.4420
l-165041
4-(3-(2-propyl-3-hydroxy-4-acetyl)phenoxy)propyloxyphenoxy acetic acid: a PPAR-delta agonist has regulatory effects on a variety of adipokines, and these effects might explain some of their metabolic function.		2.0310aromatic ketone
mrs 1754
[no description available]		2.0310oxopurine
s-nitroso-n-acetylpenicillamine
S-Nitroso-N-Acetylpenicillamine: A sulfur-containing alkyl thionitrite that is one of the NITRIC OXIDE DONORS.		2.0310nitroso compound;
nitrosothio compound		nitric oxide donor;
vasodilator agent
pd 404182
[no description available]		2.0310
5-(4-phenylbutoxy)psoralen
5-(4-phenylbutoxy)psoralen: structure in first source. psora 4 : A member of the class of psoralens that is psoralen substituted by a 4-phenylbutoxy group at position 5. It is a potent inhibitor of the voltage-gated potassium channel Kv1.3 (EC50 = 3 nM).		2.0510aromatic ether;
benzenes;
psoralens		geroprotector;
immunosuppressive agent;
potassium channel blocker
sb 222200
[no description available]		2.4420quinolines
dantrolene sodium
dantrolene sodium (anhydrous) : The anhydrous sodium salt of dantrolene.		3.1550
cr 2945
CR 2945: a member of non-peptide CCKB receptor antagonist		2.4420
nitrofurantoin
Nitrofurantoin: A urinary anti-infective agent effective against most gram-positive and gram-negative organisms. Although sulfonamides and antibiotics are usually the agents of choice for urinary tract infections, nitrofurantoin is widely used for prophylaxis and long-term suppression.. nitrofurantoin : An imidazolidine-2,4-dione that is hydantoin substituted at position 1 by a [(5-nitro-2-furyl)methylene]amino group. An antibiotic that damages bacterial DNA.		5.86170imidazolidine-2,4-dione;
nitrofuran antibiotic;
organonitrogen heterocyclic antibiotic;
organooxygen heterocyclic antibiotic		antibacterial drug;
antiinfective agent;
hepatotoxic agent
sb 218795
SB 218795: structure in first source		2.4420quinolines
dihydroceramide
N-acetylsphinganine : A dihydroceramide in which the ceramide acyl group is specified as acetyl.		2.0310N-acylsphinganine
nifurtimox
Nifurtimox: A nitrofuran thiazine that has been used against TRYPANOSOMIASIS.		2.4620nitrofuran antibiotic
epinephrine bitartrate
[no description available]		2.4420
bicuculline methobromide
[no description available]		2.4420
butylscopolammonium bromide
Butylscopolammonium Bromide: Antimuscarinic quaternary ammonium derivative of scopolamine used to treat cramps in gastrointestinal, urinary, uterine, and biliary tracts, and to facilitate radiologic visualization of the gastrointestinal tract.		2.7330
butaclamol hydrochloride
[no description available]		2.4420
ergoline
Ergolines: A series of structurally-related alkaloids that contain the ergoline backbone structure.. ergoline : An indole alkaloid whose structural skeleton is found in many naturally occurring and synthetic ergolines which are known to bind to neurotransmitter receptors, such as dopamine, noradrenaline and serotonin receptors and function as unselective agonists or antagonists at these receptors.		2.0210diamine;
ergoline alkaloid;
indole alkaloid fundamental parent;
indole alkaloid;
organic heterotetracyclic compound
dantrolene
[no description available]		4.4160
roxithromycin
(E)-roxithromycin : A major geometrical isomer of roxithromycin.		2.7630roxithromycinenvironmental contaminant;
xenobiotic
cefdinir
[no description available]		3.6120cephalosporin;
ketoxime		antibacterial drug
17-n,n-diethylcarbamoyl-4-methyl-4-azaandrostane-3-one
17-N,N-diethylcarbamoyl-4-methyl-4-azaandrostane-3-one: inhibitor of testosterone 5-alpha reductase, receptor binding & nuclear uptake of androgens in the prostate		3.2260
fumagillin
[no description available]		2.0410antibiotic antifungal drug;
carboxylic ester;
dicarboxylic acid monoester;
meroterpenoid;
organooxygen heterocyclic antibiotic;
spiro-epoxide		angiogenesis inhibitor;
antibacterial drug;
antimicrobial agent;
antiprotozoal drug;
fungal metabolite;
methionine aminopeptidase 2 inhibitor
etonogestrel
[no description available]		3.231017beta-hydroxy steroid;
3-oxo-Delta(4) steroid;
terminal acetylenic compound		contraceptive drug;
female contraceptive drug;
progestin
a 38503
[no description available]		2.4420
bisoprolol, fumarate (1:1) salt
[no description available]		2.4720
8-hydroxy-2-(di-n-propylamino)tetralin hydrobromide
[no description available]		2.0310
sk&f 89976-a
[no description available]		2.0310
cv 1808
2-phenylaminoadenosine: has coronary & cardiohemodynamic effects		2.4420purine nucleoside
8-(n,n-diethylamino)octyl-3,4,5-trimethoxybenzoate hydrochloride
[no description available]		2.0510
artesunate
artesunic acid: RN given for (3R-(3alpha,5abeta,6beta,8abeta,9alpha,10alpha,12beta,(2aR*))-isomer; succinic ester of artemether		2.4720artemisinin derivative;
cyclic acetal;
dicarboxylic acid monoester;
hemisuccinate;
semisynthetic derivative;
sesquiterpenoid		antimalarial;
antineoplastic agent;
ferroptosis inducer
tipredane
[no description available]		2.07103-hydroxy steroidandrogen
beraprost
beraprost: stable prostacyclin analog; structure given in first source. beraprost : An organic heterotricyclic compound that is (3aS,8bS)-2,3,3a,8b-tetrahydro-1H-benzo[b]cyclopenta[d]furan in which the hydrogens at positions 1R, 2R and 5 are replaced by (3S)-3-hydroxy-4-methyloct-1-en-6-yn-1-yl, hydroxy and 3-carboxypropyl groups, respectively. It is a prostaglandin receptor agonist which is approved to treat pulmonary arterial hypertension in Asia.		2.0510enyne;
monocarboxylic acid;
organic heterotricyclic compound;
secondary alcohol;
secondary allylic alcohol		anti-inflammatory agent;
antihypertensive agent;
platelet aggregation inhibitor;
prostaglandin receptor agonist;
vasodilator agent
lanreotide
[no description available]		2.0510
etoposide phosphate
[no description available]		2.0810furonaphthodioxole
ciclesonide
ciclesonide: nasal spray approved for seasonal and perennial allergic rhinitis		2.0810organic molecular entity
vorozole
vorozole: structure given in first source; vorozole/R 83842 is ((+)/dextro-isomer), RN 129731-10-8; R 83839 ((-)/levo-isomer)		7.0410benzotriazoles
ru 58668
RU 58668: a steroidal antiestrogen; induces a long-term regression of human mammary MCF-7 tumors implanted in nude mice; structure given in first source. RU 58668 : A 17beta-hydroxy steroid that is 17beta-estradiol in the the hydrogen at the 11beta position has been replaced by a p-({5-[(4,4,5,5,5-pentafluoropentyl)sulfonyl]pentyl}oxy)phenyl group. RU 58668 is a pure anti-estrogen that downregulates estrogen receptor expression (IC50 = 0.04 nM).		21017beta-hydroxy steroid;
3-hydroxy steroid;
aromatic ether;
organofluorine compound;
sulfone		anti-estrogen;
antineoplastic agent;
estrogen receptor antagonist
temsirolimus
[no description available]		3.6120macrolide lactam
dutasteride
Dutasteride: A 5-ALPHA-REDUCTASE INHIBITOR that is reported to inhibit both type-1 and type2 isoforms of the enzyme and is used to treat BENIGN PROSTATIC HYPERPLASIA.. dutasteride : An aza-steroid that is inasteride in which the tert-butyl group is replaced by a 2,5-bis(trifluoromethyl)phenyl group. A synthetic 4-azasteroid, dutasteride is a selective inhibitor of both the type 1 and type 2 isoforms of steroid 5alpha-reductase, an intracellular enzyme that converts testosterone to 5alpha-dihydrotestosterone. Dutasteride is used for the treatment of symptomatic benign prostatic hyperplasia in men with an enlarged prostate gland.		5.1750(trifluoromethyl)benzenes;
aza-steroid;
delta-lactam		antihyperplasia drug;
EC 1.3.1.22 [3-oxo-5alpha-steroid 4-dehydrogenase (NADP(+))] inhibitor
tekturna
[no description available]		2.0810fumarate saltantihypertensive agent
pd 184352
2-(2-chloro-4-iodophenylamino)-N-cyclopropylmethoxy-3,4-difluorobenzamide: inhibits MAP kinase kinase; structure in first source		2.0610aminobenzoic acid
lu 208075
ambrisentan: an ET(A) receptor antagonist and antihypertensive agent; studied for use in pulmonary arterial hypertension		4.140diarylmethane
bibx 1382bs
BIBX 1382BS: an ErbB receptor kinase inhibitor; no further information available 4/2001		3.5920substituted aniline
vildagliptin
[no description available]		2.0810amino acid amide
indacaterol
indacaterol: a beta2 adrenoceptor agonist; indacaterol is the (R)-isomer; structure in first source. indacaterol : A monohydroxyquinoline that consists of 5-[(1R)-2-amino-1-hydroxyethyl]-8-hydroxyquinolin-2-one having a 5,6-diethylindan-2-yl group attached to the amino function. Used as the maleate salt for treatment of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease.		2.0810indanes;
monohydroxyquinoline;
quinolone;
secondary alcohol;
secondary amino compound		beta-adrenergic agonist;
bronchodilator agent
fesoterodine
fesoterodine: a muscarinic antagonist for treatment of overactive bladder		3.2310diarylmethane
bentiromide
bentiromide: chymotrypsin labile peptide used diagnostically as an index of exocrine pancreas function. bentiromide : The dipeptide obtained by condensation of N-benzoyl-L-tyrosine with 4-aminobenzoic acid. Used as a noninvasive screening test for exocrine pancreatic insufficiency and to monitor the adequacy of supplemental pancreatic therapy, it is given by mouth: the amount of 4-aminobenzoic acid and its metabolites excreted in the urine is taken as a measure of the chymotrypsin-secreting activity of the pancreas.		2.0710dipeptidediagnostic agent;
indicator;
reagent
acetylcarnitine
O-acetyl-L-carnitine : An O-acyl-L-carnitine where the acyl group specified is acetyl. It facilitates movement of acetyl-CoA into the matrices of mammalian mitochondria during the oxidation of fatty acids.		2.0510O-acetylcarnitine;
saturated fatty acyl-L-carnitine		human metabolite;
Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite
staurosporine
staurosporinium : Conjugate acid of staurosporine.		2.0210ammonium ion derivative
chlorhexidine
Chlorhexidine: A disinfectant and topical anti-infective agent used also as mouthwash to prevent oral plaque.. chlorhexidine : A bisbiguanide compound with a structure consisting of two (p-chlorophenyl)guanide units linked by a hexamethylene bridge.		2.0610biguanides;
monochlorobenzenes		antibacterial agent;
antiinfective agent
sgd 301-76
[no description available]		2.0810conazole antifungal drug;
imidazole antifungal drug;
organic nitrate salt		antiinfective agent
fluvoxamine maleate
[no description available]		2.7430(trifluoromethyl)benzenes
formazans
Formazans: Colored azo compounds formed by the reduction of tetrazolium salts. Employing this reaction, oxidoreductase activity can be determined quantitatively in tissue sections by allowing the enzymes to act on their specific substrates in the presence of tetrazolium salts.		1.9910
thioacetazone
Thioacetazone: A thiosemicarbazone that is used in association with other antimycobacterial agents in the initial and continuation phases of antituberculosis regimens. Thiacetazone containing regimens are less effective than the short-course regimen recommended by the International Union Against Tuberculosis and are used in some developing countries to reduce drug costs. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p217). thiosemicarbazone : A hydrazone resulting from the formal condensation of an aldehyde or ketone with the non-thioacylated nitrogen of thiosemicarbazide or its substituted derivatives.		2.4620
chlorproguanil
chlorproguanil: dichloro-derivative of chloroguanide; RN given refers to parent cpd; structure		2.0510dichlorobenzene
nifurtoinol
nifurtoinol : An imidazolidine-2,4-dione that is hydantoin substituted at position 1 by a [(5-nitro-2-furyl)methylene]amino group and at position 3 by a hydroxymethyl group.		2.0510hydrazone;
imidazolidine-2,4-dione;
nitrofuran antibiotic;
organonitrogen heterocyclic antibiotic		antibacterial drug;
antiinfective agent;
hepatotoxic agent
gemifloxacin
Gemifloxacin: A naphthyridine and fluoroquinolone derivative antibacterial agent and DNA TOPOISOMERASE II inhibitor that is used for the treatment of community-acquired pneumonia and acute bacterial infections associated with chronic bronchitis.. gemifloxacin : A 1,4-dihydro-1,8-naphthyridine with a carboxy group at the 3-position, an oxo sustituent at the 4-position, a fluoro substituent at the 5-position and a substituted pyrrolin-1-yl group at the 7-position.		3.6201,8-naphthyridine derivative;
fluoroquinolone antibiotic;
monocarboxylic acid;
quinolone antibiotic		antibacterial drug;
antimicrobial agent;
topoisomerase IV inhibitor
dexlansoprazole
Dexlansoprazole: The R-isomer of lansoprazole that is used to treat severe GASTROESOPHAGEAL REFLUX DISEASE.		3.6120benzimidazoles;
sulfoxide
gemifloxacin mesylate
gemifloxacin mesylate : The mesylate salt of gemifloxacin.		2.0810methanesulfonate saltantimicrobial agent;
topoisomerase IV inhibitor
naloxone benzoylhydrazone
[no description available]		2.4420
fosinopril
[no description available]		3.8530
armodafinil
armodafinil : A 2-[(diphenylmethyl)sulfinyl]acetamide that has R configuration at the sulfur atom. Like its racemate, modafinil, it is used for the treatment of sleeping disorders such as narcolepsy, obstructive sleep apnoea, and shift-work sleep disorder. Peak concentration in the blood later occurs later following administration than with modafinil, so it is thought that armodafinil may be more effective than modafinil in treating people with excessive daytime sleepiness.		3.23102-[(diphenylmethyl)sulfinyl]acetamidecentral nervous system stimulant;
eugeroic
2-methyl-6-(phenylethynyl)pyridine hydrochloride
2-methyl-6-(phenylethynyl)pyridine hydrochloride : A hydrochloride salt obtained by reaction of 2-methyl-6-(phenylethynyl)pyridine with one equivalent of hydrochloric acid. Potent and highly selective non-competitive antagonist at the mGlu5 receptor subtype (IC50 = 36 nM) and a positive allosteric modulator at mGlu4 receptors. Centrally active following systemic administration in vivo. Reverses mechanical hyperalgesia in the inflamed rat hind paw.		2.4420hydrochlorideanxiolytic drug;
metabotropic glutamate receptor antagonist
amiprilose
[no description available]		2.0310
(R)-fluoxetine hydrochloride
(R)-fluoxetine hydrochloride : A hydrochloride obtained by reaction of (R)-fluoxetine with one equivalent of hydrochloric acid.		2.4420hydrochlorideantidepressant;
serotonin uptake inhibitor
ro 8-4304
[no description available]		2.0510
exp-3179
[no description available]		2.0610
utibapril
utibapril: structure given in first source; prodrug for FPL 63547 diacid		2.0710
eflucimibe
eflucimibe: a powerful and systemic acylcoenzyme A: cholesterol acyltransferase inhibitor		2.0510
abiraterone acetate
Abiraterone Acetate: An androstene derivative that inhibits STEROID 17-ALPHA-HYDROXYLASE and is used as an ANTINEOPLASTIC AGENT in the treatment of metastatic castration-resistant PROSTATE CANCER.. abiraterone acetate : A sterol ester obtained by formal condensation of the 3-hydroxy group of abiraterone with the carboxy group of acetic acid. A prodrug that is converted in vivo into abiraterone. Used for treatment of metastatic castrate-resistant prostate cancer.		3.6730pyridines;
sterol ester		antineoplastic agent;
EC 1.14.99.9 (steroid 17alpha-monooxygenase) inhibitor;
prodrug
pd 0325901
mirdametinib: has antineoplastic activity; appears to be a MEK inhibitor. PD 0325901 : A hydroxamic acid ester that is benzhydroxamic acid (N-hydroxybenzamide) in which the hydroxamic acid group has been converted to the corresponding 2,3-dihydroxypropyl ester and in which the benzene ring has been substituted at position 2 by a (2-fluoro-4-iodophenyl)amino group and at positions 3 and 4 by fluorines (the R enantiomer).		2.0610difluorobenzene;
hydroxamic acid ester;
monofluorobenzenes;
organoiodine compound;
propane-1,2-diols;
secondary amino compound		antineoplastic agent;
EC 2.7.12.2 (mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase) inhibitor
sincalide
Sincalide: An octapeptide hormone present in the intestine and brain. When secreted from the gastric mucosa, it stimulates the release of bile from the gallbladder and digestive enzymes from the pancreas.		3.9330oligopeptide
tapentadol
Tapentadol: An opioid analgesic, MU OPIOID RECEPTOR agonist, and noradrenaline reuptake inhibitor that is used in the treatment of moderate to severe pain, and of pain associated with DIABETIC NEUROPATHIES.		3.2310alkylbenzene
trestolone
trestolone: structure given in first source; RN given refers to (7alpha,17beta)-isomer		210
etomoxir
[no description available]		2.4820aromatic ether
zd 9379
ZD 9379: structure given in first source		2.0710
ly 450139
[no description available]		2.0710peptide
zanoterone
[no description available]		3.2260steroid
ursodoxicoltaurine
tauroursodeoxycholate : An organosulfonate oxoanion that is the conjugate base of tauroursodeoxycholic acid arising from deprotonation of the sulfonate OH group; major species at pH 7.3.. tauroursodeoxycholic acid : A bile acid taurine conjugate derived from ursoodeoxycholic acid.		2.0510bile acid taurine conjugateanti-inflammatory agent;
apoptosis inhibitor;
bone density conservation agent;
cardioprotective agent;
human metabolite;
neuroprotective agent
pentagastrin
Pentagastrin: A synthetic pentapeptide that has effects like gastrin when given parenterally. It stimulates the secretion of gastric acid, pepsin, and intrinsic factor, and has been used as a diagnostic aid.		3.5920organic molecular entity
cangrelor
cangrelor: platelet P(2T) receptor antagonist. cangrelor : A nucleoside triphosphate analogue that is 5'-O-[({[dichloro(phosphono)methyl](hydroxy)phosphoryl}oxy)(hydroxy)phosphoryl]adenosine carrying additional 2-(methylsulfanyl)ethyl and (3,3,3-trifluoropropyl)sulfanyl substituents at positions N6 and C2 respectively. Used (in the form of its tetrasodium salt) as an intravenous antiplatelet drug that prevents formation of harmful blood clots in the coronary arteries.		2.0710adenosine 5'-phosphate;
aryl sulfide;
nucleoside triphosphate analogue;
organochlorine compound;
organofluorine compound;
secondary amino compound		P2Y12 receptor antagonist;
platelet aggregation inhibitor
desmethylselegiline hydrochloride
[no description available]		2.0310
3-morpholino-sydnonimine monohydrochloride
[no description available]		2.4420
mocetinostat
mocetinostat: undergoing phase II clinical trials for treatment of cancer. mocetinostat : A benzamide obtained by formal condensation of the carboxy group of 4-({[4-(pyridin-3-yl)pyrimidin-2-yl]amino}methyl)benzoic acid with one of the amino groups of benzene-1,2-diamine. It is an orally active and isotype-selective HDAC inhibitor which exhibits antitumour activity (IC50 = 0.15, 0.29, 1.66 and 0.59 muM for HDAC1, HDAC2, HDAC3 and HDAC11).		3.3970aminopyrimidine;
benzamides;
pyridines;
secondary amino compound;
secondary carboxamide;
substituted aniline		antineoplastic agent;
apoptosis inducer;
autophagy inducer;
cardioprotective agent;
EC 3.5.1.98 (histone deacetylase) inhibitor;
hepatotoxic agent
sch 527123
[no description available]		2.0710
carbobenzoxy-leucyl-leucyl-norvalinal
carbobenzoxy-leucyl-leucyl-norvalinal: structure given in first source		2.0210peptide
abt-770
ABT-770: structure in first source		2.0510
cefditoren
cefditoren: structure given in first source; RN given refers to the (6R-(3(Z),6alpha,7beta(Z)))-isomer. cefditoren : A broad spectrum, third-generation cephalosporin antibiotic with (Z)-2-(4-methyl-1,3-thiazol-5-yl)ethenyl and (2Z)-2-(2-amino-1,3-thiazol-4-yl)-2-(methoxyimino)acetamido groups at positions 3 and 7, respectively, of the cephem skeleton. Generally administered as its orally absorbed pivaloyloxymethyl ester prodrug, it is used for the treatment of mild to moderate infections caused by susceptible strains of microorganisms in acute bacterial exacerbation of chronic bronchitis, community-acquired pneumonia, pharyngitis/tonsillitis, and uncomplicated skin and skin-structure infections.		3.2310carboxylic acid;
cephalosporin		antibacterial drug
ticagrelor
Ticagrelor: An adenosine triphosphate analogue and reversible P2Y12 PURINORECEPTOR antagonist that inhibits ADP-mediated PLATELET AGGREGATION. It is used for the prevention of THROMBOEMBOLISM by patients with ACUTE CORONARY SYNDROME or a history of MYOCARDIAL INFARCTION.. ticagrelor : A triazolopyrimidine that is an adenosine isostere; the cyclopentane ring is similar to ribose and the nitrogen-rich [1,2,3]triazolo[4,5-d]pyrimidine moiety resembles the nucleobase adenine. A platelet aggregation inhibitor which is used for prevention of thromboembolic events in patients with acute coronary syndrome.		2.0810aryl sulfide;
hydroxyether;
organofluorine compound;
secondary amino compound;
triazolopyrimidines		P2Y12 receptor antagonist;
platelet aggregation inhibitor
em 800
EM 800: EM-800 is the prodrug of EM-652; EM-800 and EM-776 are (S)- and (R)-isomers, respectively; structure in first source		3.8440
t 1032
T 1032: a cyclic GMP phosphodiesterase-5 inhibitor; structure in first source		2.4420
cp 724714
2-methoxy-N-(3-(4-((3-methyl-4-((6-methyl-3-pyridinyl)oxy)phenyl)amino)-6-quinazolinyl)-2-propenyl)acetamide: CP-724714 is the ((2E)-isomer, 1:1.5 succinate); structure in first source		2.1102-methoxy-N-[3-[4-[3-methyl-4-[(6-methyl-3-pyridinyl)oxy]anilino]-6-quinazolinyl]prop-2-enyl]acetamideantineoplastic agent;
apoptosis inducer;
EC 2.7.10.1 (receptor protein-tyrosine kinase) inhibitor;
hepatotoxic agent
rivaroxaban
Rivaroxaban: A morpholine and thiophene derivative that functions as a FACTOR XA INHIBITOR and is used in the treatment and prevention of DEEP-VEIN THROMBOSIS and PULMONARY EMBOLISM. It is also used for the prevention of STROKE and systemic embolization in patients with non-valvular ATRIAL FIBRILLATION, and for the prevention of atherothrombotic events in patients after an ACUTE CORONARY SYNDROME.. rivaroxaban : A monocarboxylic acid amide obtained by formal condensation of the carboxy group of 5-chlorothiophene-2-carboxylic acid with the amino group of 4-{4-[(5S)-5-(aminomethyl)-2-oxo-1,3-oxazolidin-3-yl]phenyl}morpholin-3-one. An anticoagulant used for prophylaxis of venous thromboembolism in patients with knee or hip replacement surgery.		2.0810aromatic amide;
lactam;
monocarboxylic acid amide;
morpholines;
organochlorine compound;
oxazolidinone;
thiophenes		anticoagulant;
EC 3.4.21.6 (coagulation factor Xa) inhibitor
treosulfan
treosulfan: immunosuppressant; RN given refers to (S-(R*,R*))-isomer		2.0410methanesulfonate ester
molindone hydrochloride
[no description available]		2.4620indoles
qx-314 bromide
[no description available]		2.0310
(S)-fluoxetine hydrochloride
(S)-fluoxetine hydrochloride : A hydrochloride obtained by reaction of (S)-fluoxetine with one equivalent of hydrochloric acid.		2.4420hydrochlorideantidepressant;
serotonin uptake inhibitor
sr 59230a
3-(2-ethylphenoxy)-1-(1,2,3,4-tetrahydronaphth-1-ylamino)-2-propanol oxalate: structure given in first source		2.4420
u 74389g
[no description available]		2.4420
9-n-(1-propyl)erythromyclamine
9-N-(1-propyl)erythromyclamine: structure given in first source		2.0510
gentamicin sulfate
[no description available]		2.9740
1-(2-methoxyphenyl)piperazine hydrochloride
[no description available]		2.4420
y 27632, dihydrochloride, (4(r)-trans)-isomer
[no description available]		2.0310
n1-phenyl-3,5-dinitro-n4,n4-di-n-propylsulfanilamide
N1-phenyl-3,5-dinitro-N4,N4-di-n-propylsulfanilamide: a potent, selective antimitotic agent against kinetoplastid parasites; structure in first source		2.0510
hki 272
[no description available]		2.0810nitrile;
quinolines		antineoplastic agent;
tyrosine kinase inhibitor
nkp 608
[no description available]		2.0410
sb 203186
[no description available]		2.0510
tofacitinib
tofacitinib : A pyrrolopyrimidine that is pyrrolo[2,3-d]pyrimidine substituted at position 4 by an N-methyl,N-(1-cyanoacetyl-4-methylpiperidin-3-yl)amino moiety. Used as its citrate salt to treat moderately to severely active rheumatoid arthritis.		2.0810N-acylpiperidine;
nitrile;
pyrrolopyrimidine;
tertiary amino compound		antirheumatic drug;
EC 2.7.10.2 (non-specific protein-tyrosine kinase) inhibitor
noscapine hydrochloride
[no description available]		2.4420
a 77636
(1R,3S)-3-(adamantan-1-yl)-1-(aminomethyl)-3,4-dihydroisochromene-5,6-diol hydrochloride : A hydrochloride salt obtained by mixing equimolar amounts of (1R,3S)-3-(adamantan-1-yl)-1-(aminomethyl)-3,4-dihydroisochromene-5,6-diol with hydrochloric acid. Potent and selective dopamine D1-like receptor agonist (pEC50 values are 8.97 and < 5 for D1-like and D2-like receptors respectively). Displays anti-Parkinsonian activity following oral administration in vivo.		2.4420hydrochlorideantiparkinson drug;
dopamine agonist
linaprazan
linaprazan: structure in first source		2.0710
benzyloxycarbonyl-isoleucyl-glutamyl(o-tert-butyl)-alanyl-leucinal
benzyloxycarbonyl-isoleucyl-glutamyl(O-tert-butyl)-alanyl-leucinal: inhibits chymotrypsin activity of the proteasome		2.0210
ganu
GANU: differs from chlorozotocin by placement of cytotoxic group on C-1 of the glucose ring; less myelosuppressive than chlorozotocin; structure		2.0410
cgp 20712a
CGP 20712A: structure given in first source; CGP 26505, a beta1-selective beta-adrenoceptor antagonist, is the (S)-isomer of CGP 20712A		2.4420
azacosterol
Azacosterol: Diaza derivative of cholesterol which acts as a hypocholesteremic agent by blocking delta-24-reductase, which causes the accumulation of desmosterol.		2.0510
pazopanib
pazopanib: a protein kinase inhibitor. pazopanib : A pyrimidine that is 5-(pyrimidin-2-yl}amino-2-methylbenzenesulfonamide substituted at position 4 by a (2,3-dimethylindazol-6-yl)(methyl)amino group. Used as its hydrochloride salt for treatment of kidney cancer.		4.1140aminopyrimidine;
indazoles;
sulfonamide		angiogenesis modulating agent;
antineoplastic agent;
tyrosine kinase inhibitor;
vascular endothelial growth factor receptor antagonist
lecozotan
lecozotan: structure in first source		2.0710
azd 6244
AZD 6244: a MEK inhibitor		2.0510benzimidazoles;
bromobenzenes;
hydroxamic acid ester;
monochlorobenzenes;
organofluorine compound;
secondary amino compound		anticoronaviral agent;
antineoplastic agent;
EC 2.7.11.24 (mitogen-activated protein kinase) inhibitor
levodopa methyl ester hydrochloride
[no description available]		2.4420
prasugrel hydrochloride
Prasugrel Hydrochloride: A piperazine derivative and PLATELET AGGREGATION INHIBITOR that is used to prevent THROMBOSIS in patients with ACUTE CORONARY SYNDROME; UNSTABLE ANGINA and MYOCARDIAL INFARCTION, as well as in those undergoing PERCUTANEOUS CORONARY INTERVENTIONS.. prasugrel hydrochloride : A racemate comprising equal amounts of (R)- and (S)-prasugrel hydrochloride. Used to prevent blood clots in people with acute coronary syndrome who are undergoing a procedure after a recent heart attack or stroke, and in people with certain disorders of the heart or blood vessels.		3.2310
apixaban
[no description available]		2.0810aromatic ether;
lactam;
piperidones;
pyrazolopyridine		anticoagulant;
EC 3.4.21.6 (coagulation factor Xa) inhibitor
benalfocin hydrochloride
[no description available]		2.0310
artenimol
artenimol: derivative of antimalarial drug artemisinin (quinghaosu)		2.0510
ar c155858
AR C155858: an MCT1 inhibitor; structure in first source		2.0710
4-phenoxyphenoxyethyl thiocyanate
4-phenoxyphenoxyethyl thiocyanate: has antiparasitic activity; structure in first source		2.0510
lu 19005
[no description available]		2.4420
ko 143
[no description available]		2.4620beta-carbolines;
tert-butyl ester
benoxathian hydrochloride
[no description available]		2.4420
((2-n-butyl-6,7-dichloro-2-cyclopentyl-2,3-dihydro-1-oxo-1h-inden-5-yl)oxy)acetic acid, (+)-isomer
[no description available]		2.4420
n-cyclopropyl adenosine-5'-carboxamide
[no description available]		2.0310
homatropine methylbromide
homatropine methylbromide: RN given refers to bromide (endo-(+-))-isomer		2.0710
amg 009
AMG 009: an anti-inflammatory agent; structure in first source		2.0810
oxadiazoles
Oxadiazoles: Compounds containing five-membered heteroaromatic rings containing two carbons, two nitrogens, and one oxygen atom which exist in various regioisomeric forms.		2.4720
vinflunine
vinflunine: inhibits tubulin assembly; structure in first source. vinflunine : An organic heteropentacyclic compound and an organic heterotetracyclic compound that is vinorelbine in which the tetrahydropyridine moiety of the heterotetracyclic part of the molecule has been redced to the corresponding piperidine, and in which the ethyl group attached to this ring has been replaced by a 1,1-difluoroethyl group.		2.0510acetate ester;
methyl ester;
organic heteropentacyclic compound;
organic heterotetracyclic compound;
semisynthetic derivative;
vinca alkaloid		antineoplastic agent
cefotaxime sodium
[no description available]		2.4620organic sodium salt
1,7-bis(4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)-1,4,6-heptatrien-3-one
1,7-bis(4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)-1,4,6-heptatrien-3-one: from Curcuma longa; structure in first source		3.6120diarylheptanoid
baci-im
[no description available]		4.2650homodetic cyclic peptide;
polypeptide;
zwitterion		antibacterial agent;
antimicrobial agent
metamelfalan
[no description available]		2.0410
3beta-hydroxy-17-(1h-benzimidazole-1-yl)androsta-5,16-diene
3-hydroxy-17-(1H-benzimidazole-1-yl)androsta-5,16-diene: has antineoplastic activity; structure in first source		2.47203-hydroxy steroidandrogen
calpain inhibitor iii
calpain inhibitor III: potential anticataract drug		2.4420
4-(2-phenyl-5,7-bis(trifluoromethyl)pyrazolo(1,5-a)pyrimidin-3-yl)phenol
4-(2-phenyl-5,7-bis(trifluoromethyl)pyrazolo(1,5-a)pyrimidin-3-yl)phenol: a selective estrogen receptor modulator		2.520pyrazoles;
ring assembly
6-[[5-fluoro-2-(3,4,5-trimethoxyanilino)-4-pyrimidinyl]amino]-2,2-dimethyl-4H-pyrido[3,2-b][1,4]oxazin-3-one
[no description available]		2.0710methoxybenzenes;
substituted aniline
n-(3-(4-chlorophenyl)-2-(3-cyanophenyl)-1-methylpropyl)-2-methyl-2-((5-(trifluoromethyl)pyridin-2-yl)oxy)propanamide
N-(3-(4-chlorophenyl)-2-(3-cyanophenyl)-1-methylpropyl)-2-methyl-2-((5-(trifluoromethyl)pyridin-2-yl)oxy)propanamide: MK-0364 is the (1S,2S)-isomer; a cannabinoid-1 receptor inverse agonist; structure in first source		2.0810stilbenoid
bms 477118
[no description available]		3.2310adamantanes;
azabicycloalkane;
monocarboxylic acid amide;
nitrile;
tertiary alcohol		EC 3.4.14.5 (dipeptidyl-peptidase IV) inhibitor;
hypoglycemic agent
testosterone 3-(o-carboxymethyl)oxime
testosterone 3-(O-carboxymethyl)oxime: structure in first source. testosterone 3-(O-carboxymethyl)oxime : The oxime O-ether formed from testosterone and (aminooxy)acetic acid.		2.0210testosterone 3-(O-carboxymethyl)oxime
nystatin a1
Nystatin: Macrolide antifungal antibiotic complex produced by Streptomyces noursei, S. aureus, and other Streptomyces species. The biologically active components of the complex are nystatin A1, A2, and A3.. nystatin : A heterogeneous mixture of polyene compounds produced by cultures of Streptomyces noursei. It mainly consists of three biologically active components designated nystatin A1, nystatin A2, and nystatin A3. It is used to treat oral and dermal fungal infections.. nystatin A1 : A polyene macrolide antibiotic; part of the nystatin complex produced by several Streptomyces species. It is an antifungal antibiotic used for the treatment of topical fungal infections caused by a broad spectrum of fungal pathogens comprising yeast-like and filamentous species.		4.2550nystatins
GR 127935 hydrochloride
GR 127935 hydrochloride : A hydrochloride obtained by reaction of GR 127935 with one equivalent of hydrochloric acid. Potent and selective 5-HT1B/1D receptor antagonist (pKi values are 8.5 for both guinea pig 5-HT1D and rat 5-HT1B receptors). Displays > 100-fold selectivity over 5HT1A, 5-HT2A, 5-HT2C receptors and other receptor types. Centrally active following oral administration.		2.4420hydrochlorideserotonergic antagonist
mrs 1845
[no description available]		2.4420
apremilast
[no description available]		2.0810aromatic ether;
N-acetylarylamine;
phthalimides;
sulfone		non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug;
phosphodiesterase IV inhibitor
cytidine diphosphate choline
[no description available]		2.4620nucleotide-(amino alcohol)s;
phosphocholines		human metabolite;
mouse metabolite;
neuroprotective agent;
psychotropic drug;
Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite
milnacipran
[no description available]		3.2310acetamides
vindesine
[no description available]		2.0410
losartan potassium
Erythropoietin: Glycoprotein hormone, secreted chiefly by the KIDNEY in the adult and the LIVER in the FETUS, that acts on erythroid stem cells of the BONE MARROW to stimulate proliferation and differentiation.		2.7230
hypoglycin a
hypoglycin: RN given refers to cpd without isomeric designation. hypoglycin A : A diastereoisomeric mixture of (2S,4R)- and (2S,4S)- hypoglycin A, found in the edible part of the fruit of the Ackee, Blighia sapida (where the 2S,4R diastereoisomer is more dominant (17% d.e.) than its 2S,4S counterpart) as well as in the sycamore maple tree (Acer pseudoplatanus).		2.0510L-alpha-amino acid
boldenone undecylenate
[no description available]		2.0410
diflucortolone
Diflucortolone: A topical glucocorticoid used in various DERMATOSES. It is absorbed through the skin, bound to plasma albumin, and may cause adrenal suppression. It is also administered as the valerate.		2.452021-hydroxy steroid
1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylic acid hydrochloride
[no description available]		2.4420
alaproclate hydrochloride
[no description available]		2.4420
ubenimex
[no description available]		2.4420peptide
3-chloroalanine hydrochloride, (l-ala)-isomer
[no description available]		2.0310
dsp 4 hydrochloride
[no description available]		2.4420
calcimycin
Calcimycin: An ionophorous, polyether antibiotic from Streptomyces chartreusensis. It binds and transports CALCIUM and other divalent cations across membranes and uncouples oxidative phosphorylation while inhibiting ATPase of rat liver mitochondria. The substance is used mostly as a biochemical tool to study the role of divalent cations in various biological systems.		2.7230benzoxazole
(2-(2',6'-dimethoxy)phenoxyethylamino)methylbenzodioxan hydrochloride
N-(2,3-dihydro-1,4-benzodioxin-2-ylmethyl)-2-(2,6-dimethoxyphenoxy)ethanamine hydrochloride : A hydrochloride salt that is obtained by reaction of N-(2,3-dihydro-1,4-benzodioxin-2-ylmethyl)-2-(2,6-dimethoxyphenoxy)ethanamine with one equivalent of hydrogen chloride. An alpha1A-adrenergic selective antagonist.		2.4420hydrochloridealpha-adrenergic antagonist
2-cyclooctyl-2-hydroxyethylamine hydrochloride
[no description available]		2.4420
cirazoline monohydrochloride
[no description available]		2.4420
adtn
[no description available]		2.4420
apocodeine hydrochloride, (r)-isomer
[no description available]		2.4420
2-hydroxyapomorphine, (r)-isomer
[no description available]		2.0510
Dihydro-beta-erythroidine hydrobromide
[no description available]		2.0310indoles
lilly 78335
[no description available]		2.4420
efaroxan hydrochloride
[no description available]		2.4420
fenoldopam hydrobromide
[no description available]		2.4420
1-[2-(benzhydryloxy)ethyl]-4-(3-phenylpropyl)piperazine dihydrochloride
1-[2-(benzhydryloxy)ethyl]-4-(3-phenylpropyl)piperazine dihydrochloride : A hydrochloride salt that is obtained by reaction of 1-[2-(benzhydryloxy)ethyl]-4-(3-phenylpropyl)piperazine with two equivalents of hydrogen chloride. Potent and selective inhibitor of dopamine uptake (KD = 5.5 nM in rat striatal membranes).		2.4420hydrochloridedopamine uptake inhibitor
guvacine hydrochloride
[no description available]		2.0310
7-hydroxy-2-n,n-dipropylaminotetralin hydrobromide
[no description available]		2.4420
8-hydroxy-2-(di-n-propylamino)tetralin hydrobromide, (r)-isomer,
[no description available]		2.4420organic molecular entity
1-(2-(4-(4-fluoro-benzoyl)-piperidin-1-yl)-ethyl)-3,3-dimethyl-1,2-dihydro-indol-2-one
LY-310762 hydrochloride : A hydrochloride resulting from the formal reation of equimolar amount of LY-310762 with hydrogen chloride. A potent and selective antagonist for the 5-hydroxytryptamine 1D (5-HT1D) receptor.		2.4420hydrochloridereceptor modulator;
serotonergic antagonist
4-iodoclonidine
[no description available]		2.4420
4-methylpyrazole monohydrochloride
[no description available]		2.0310
tele-methylhistamine
[no description available]		2.0310
alpha-methyltyrosine methyl ester, monohydrochloride
[no description available]		2.4420
octoclothepine maleate
[no description available]		2.4420
2-(n-phenethyl-n-propyl)amino-5-hydroxytetralin hydrochloride
[no description available]		2.4420
du 24565
[no description available]		2.4420
2-methoxyidazoxan hydrochloride
[no description available]		2.4420
N-methyl-6-chloro-1-(3-methylphenyl)-2,3,4,5-tetrahydro-3-benzazepine-7,8-diol hydrobromide
N-methyl-6-chloro-1-(3-methylphenyl)-2,3,4,5-tetrahydro-3-benzazepine-7,8-diol hydrobromide : A hydrobromide salt prepared from N-methyl-6-chloro-1-(3-methylphenyl)-2,3,4,5-tetrahydro-3-benzazepine-7,8-diol and one equivalent of hydrogen bromide. Dopamine D1-like receptor partial agonist (Ki values are 1.18, 7.56, 920 and 399 nM for rat D1, D5, D2 and D3 receptors respectively). May act as an antagonist in vivo, producing anti-Parkinsonian effects and antagonising the behavioral effects of cocaine.		2.0510hydrobromidedopamine agonist;
prodrug
ro 25-6981
[no description available]		2.4420
sk&f 77434
N-allyl-1-phenyl-2,3,4,5-tetrahydro-3-benzazepine-7,8-diol hydrobromide : A hydrobromide salt prepared from N-allyl-1-phenyl-2,3,4,5-tetrahydro-3-benzazepine-7,8-diol and one equivalent of hydrogen bromide. Selective dopamine D1-like receptor partial agonist (IC50 values are 19.7 and 2425 nM for binding to D1-like and D2-like receptors respectively). Centrally active following systemic administration in vivo.		2.4420hydrobromidedopamine agonist;
prodrug
3-[(6aR,9R,10aR)-7-methyl-6,6a,8,9,10,10a-hexahydro-4H-indolo[4,3-fg]quinoline-9-yl]-1,1-diethylurea
[no description available]		2.4420organic heterotetracyclic compound;
organonitrogen heterocyclic compound
indocyanine green
Indocyanine Green: A tricarbocyanine dye that is used diagnostically in liver function tests and to determine blood volume and cardiac output.		1.99101,1-diunsubstituted alkanesulfonate;
benzoindole;
cyanine dye
scopolamine hydrobromide
[no description available]		3.8630
dactolisib
dactolisib: antineoplastic agent that inhibits both phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase and mTOR. dactolisib : An imidazoquinoline that is 3-methyl-2-oxo-2,3-dihydro-1H-imidazo[4,5-c]quinoline substituted at position 1 by a 4-(1-cyanoisopropyl)phenyl group and at position 8 by a quinolin-3-yl group. A dual PI3K/mTOR inhibitor used in cancer treatment.		2.0810imidazoquinoline;
nitrile;
quinolines;
ring assembly;
ureas		antineoplastic agent;
EC 2.7.1.137 (phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase) inhibitor;
mTOR inhibitor
pituitrin
Pituitrin: A substance or extract from the neurohypophysis (PITUITARY GLAND, POSTERIOR).		3.520
lhrh, ala(6)-gly(10)-ethylamide-
LHRH, Ala(6)-Gly(10)-ethylamide-: a growth hormone agonistic analog; RN given is for acetate salt		2.0510
pf 03491390
[no description available]		2.0510
resorcinarene
resorcinarene: structure in first source		7.1710
demethylcantharidin
demethylcantharidin: has antineoplastic activity; structure in first source		2.4420
atropine sulfate
[no description available]		2.4420
2-((3-chloroethyl)-3-nitrosoureido)glucopyranose
[no description available]		2.0410
5-dihydrocortisol
5-dihydrocortisol: RN given refers to (5alpha,11beta)-isomer; structure		2.051021-hydroxy steroid
ro 6-4563
glibornuride: was MH 1975-92 (see under SULFONYLUREA COMPOUNDS 1975-90); use SULFONYLUREA COMPOUNDS to search GLIBORNURIDE 1975-92; an oral, sulfonylurea hypoglycemic agent which stimulates insulin secretion		2.0410monoterpenoid
acid phosphatase
Acid Phosphatase: An enzyme that catalyzes the conversion of an orthophosphoric monoester and water to an alcohol and orthophosphate. EC 3.1.3.2.		8.1225
1-deoxynojirimycin hydrochloride
[no description available]		2.0310
lilopristone
lilopristone: structure given in first source; progesterone antagonist		1.9910
deoxoartemisinin
deoxoartemisinin: structure given in first source		2.0510
rabeprazole sodium
[no description available]		2.0810organic sodium salt
win 62577
[no description available]		2.4420
nad
NAD(1-) : An anionic form of nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide arising from deprotonation of the two OH groups of the diphosphate moiety.		2.4920organophosphate oxoanioncofactor;
human metabolite;
hydrogen acceptor;
Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite
mdv 3100
[no description available]		9.95172(trifluoromethyl)benzenes;
benzamides;
imidazolidinone;
monofluorobenzenes;
nitrile;
thiocarbonyl compound		androgen antagonist;
antineoplastic agent
amodiaquine hydrochloride
[no description available]		3.3160
clindamycin hydrochloride
[no description available]		2.4620S-glycosyl compound
9-fluorocortisone
[no description available]		2.0110
detirelix
detirelix: LHRH antagonist		2.6730
bivalirudin
bivalirudin: designed to bind to the alpha-thrombin catalytic site and anion-binding exosite for fibrin(ogen) recognition. bivalirudin : A synthetic peptide of 20 amino acids, comprising D-Phe, Pro, Arg, Pro, Gly, Gly, Gly, Gly, Asn, Gly, Asp, Phe, Glu, Glu, Ile, Pro, Glu, Glu, Tyr, and Leu in sequence. A congener of hirudin (a naturally occurring drug found in the saliva of the medicinal leech), it a specific and reversible inhibitor of thrombin, and is used as an anticoagulant.		3.6120polypeptideanticoagulant;
EC 3.4.21.5 (thrombin) inhibitor
somatostatin
[no description available]		2.0810heterodetic cyclic peptide;
peptide hormone
tannins
gallotannin : A class of hydrolysable tannins obtained by condensation of the carboxy group of gallic acid (and its polymeric derivatives) with the hydroxy groups of a monosaccharide (most commonly glucose).		2.0510tannin
enfuvirtide
Enfuvirtide: A synthetic 36-amino acid peptide that corresponds to the heptad repeat sequence of HIV-1 gp41. It blocks HIV cell fusion and viral entry and is used with other anti-retrovirals for combination therapy of HIV INFECTIONS and AIDS.. enfuvirtide : A synthetic 36-amino acid peptide consisting of N-acetyltyrosyl, threonyl, seryl, leucyl, isoleucyl, histidyl, seryl, leucyl, isoleucyl, alpha-glutamyl, alpha-glutamyl, seryl, glutaminyl, asparaginyl, glutaminyl, glutaminyl, alpha-glutamyl, lysyl, asparaginyl, alpha-glutamyl, alpha-glutamyl, alpha-glutamyl, leucyl, leucyl, alpha-glutamyl, leucyl, alpha-aspartyl, lysyl, tryptophyl, alanyl, seryl, leucyl, tryptophyl, asparaginyl, tryptophyl, and phenylalaninamide residues joined in sequence. An HIV fusion inhibitor, it was the first of a novel class of antiretroviral drugs used in combination therapy for the treatment of HIV-1 infection. It interferes with entry of HIV into cells by binding to the gp41 sub-unit of the viral envelope glycoprotein, so inhibiting fusion of viral and cellular membranes.		3.2310
ganirelix
[no description available]		3.2310polypeptide
abarelix
abarelix: RN & structure in first source. abarelix : A polypeptide compound composed of ten natural and non-natural amino acid resiudes in a linear sequence.		3.1310polypeptideantineoplastic agent;
hormone antagonist
glucagon
Glucagon: A 29-amino acid pancreatic peptide derived from proglucagon which is also the precursor of intestinal GLUCAGON-LIKE PEPTIDES. Glucagon is secreted by PANCREATIC ALPHA CELLS and plays an important role in regulation of BLOOD GLUCOSE concentration, ketone metabolism, and several other biochemical and physiological processes. (From Gilman et al., Goodman and Gilman's The Pharmacological Basis of Therapeutics, 9th ed, p1511). glucagon : A 29-amino acid peptide hormone consisting of His, Ser, Gln, Gly, Thr, Phe, Thr, Ser, Asp, Tyr, Ser, Lys, Tyr, Leu, Asp, Ser, Arg, Arg, Ala, Gln, Asp, Phe, Val, Gln, Trp, Leu, Met, Asn and Thr residues joined in sequence.		1.9510peptide hormone
neuropeptide y
Neuropeptide Y: A 36-amino acid peptide present in many organs and in many sympathetic noradrenergic neurons. It has vasoconstrictor and natriuretic activity and regulates local blood flow, glandular secretion, and smooth muscle activity. The peptide also stimulates feeding and drinking behavior and influences secretion of pituitary hormones.		7.420
teriparatide
[no description available]		3.2310polypeptide
angiotensinogen
Angiotensinogen: An alpha-globulin of about 453 amino acids, depending on the species. It is produced by the liver in response to lowered blood pressure and secreted into blood circulation. Angiotensinogen is the inactive precursor of the ANGIOTENSINS produced in the body by successive enzyme cleavages. Cleavage of angiotensinogen by RENIN yields the decapeptide ANGIOTENSIN I. Further cleavage of angiotensin I (by ANGIOTENSIN CONVERTING ENZYME) yields the potent vasoconstrictor octapeptide ANGIOTENSIN II; and then, via other enzymes, other angiotensins also involved in the hemodynamic-regulating RENIN-ANGIOTENSIN SYSTEM.		2.4420
salmon calcitonin
[no description available]		3.2310heterodetic cyclic peptide;
peptide hormone;
polypeptide		bone density conservation agent;
metabolite
oligonucleotides
[no description available]		2.0510
ly-146032
[no description available]		3.6120heterodetic cyclic peptide;
lipopeptide antibiotic;
lipopeptide;
macrocycle;
macrolide		antibacterial drug;
bacterial metabolite;
calcium-dependent antibiotics
liraglutide
[no description available]		3.710lipopeptide;
polypeptide		glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonist;
neuroprotective agent
antarelix
antarelix: a synthetic decapeptide, water-soluble LHRH antagonist; structure in first source		2.4120
acetyl-2-naphthylalanyl-3-chlorophenylalanyl-1-oxohexadecyl-seryl-4-aminophenylalanyl(hydroorotyl)-4-aminophenylalanyl(carbamoyl)-leucyl-ilys-prolyl-alaninamide
acetyl-2-naphthylalanyl-3-chlorophenylalanyl-1-oxohexadecyl-seryl-4-aminophenylalanyl(hydroorotyl)-4-aminophenylalanyl(carbamoyl)-leucyl-ILys-prolyl-alaninamide: FE-200486 is the acetate salt		4.9940polypeptide
acyline
[no description available]		3.1650
lhrh, n-ac-2-nal(1)-4-cl-phe(2)-trp(3)-hci(6)-alanh2(10)-
LHRH, N-Ac-2-Nal(1)-4-Cl-Phe(2)-Trp(3)-Hci(6)-AlaNH2(10)-: RN given refers to (D-Ala-D-Phe-D-Trp-L-Ser-L-Tyr-D-Lys-L-Leu-L-Arg-L-Pro-D-Ala)-isomer; RN for cpd without isomeric designation not avail 10/90; LHRH antagonist		2.3920
c-peptide
C-Peptide: The middle segment of proinsulin that is between the N-terminal B-chain and the C-terminal A-chain. It is a pancreatic peptide of about 31 residues, depending on the species. Upon proteolytic cleavage of proinsulin, equimolar INSULIN and C-peptide are released. C-peptide immunoassay has been used to assess pancreatic beta cell function in diabetic patients with circulating insulin antibodies or exogenous insulin. Half-life of C-peptide is 30 min, almost 8 times that of insulin.		3.3811
exenatide
[no description available]		3.2310
warfarin sodium
warfarin sodium : A racemate comprising equal amounts of (R)- and (S)-warfarin sodium. Extensively used as both an anticoagulant drug and as a pesticide against rats and mice.		2.0810
quinine sulfate
[no description available]		2.9640hydrate
quercetin
[no description available]		2.4420
endothelin-1
Endothelin-1: A 21-amino acid peptide produced in a variety of tissues including endothelial and vascular smooth-muscle cells, neurons and astrocytes in the central nervous system, and endometrial cells. It acts as a modulator of vasomotor tone, cell proliferation, and hormone production. (N Eng J Med 1995;333(6):356-63)		7.4220
phosphatidylcholines
Phosphatidylcholines: Derivatives of PHOSPHATIDIC ACIDS in which the phosphoric acid is bound in ester linkage to a CHOLINE moiety.		3.11501,2-diacyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine
atractyloside
Atractyloside: A glycoside of a kaurene type diterpene that is found in some plants including Atractylis gummifera (ATRACTYLIS); COFFEE; XANTHIUM, and CALLILEPIS. Toxicity is due to inhibition of ADENINE NUCLEOTIDE TRANSLOCASE.		1.9810
(9R)-9-chloro-11,17-dihydroxy-17-(2-hydroxy-1-oxoethyl)-10,13,16-trimethyl-6,7,8,11,12,14,15,16-octahydrocyclopenta[a]phenanthren-3-one
Beclomethasone: An anti-inflammatory, synthetic glucocorticoid. It is used topically as an anti-inflammatory agent and in aerosol form for the treatment of ASTHMA.. beclomethasone : A 17alpha-hydroxy steroid that is prednisolone in which the hydrogens at the 9alpha and 16beta positions are substituted by a chlorine and a methyl group, respectively.		2.071021-hydroxy steroid
rv 538, (r-(r*,r*))-isomer
[no description available]		2.4420
3,4-dichloro-n-methyl-n-(2-(1-pyrrolidinyl)cyclohexyl)-benzeneacetamide, (1s-cis)-isomer
[no description available]		2.4420
carbetocin
carbetocin : Oxytocin in which the hydrogen on the phenolic hydroxy group is substituted by methyl, the amino group on the cysteine residue is substituted by hydrogen, and the sulfur of the cysteine residue is replaced by a methylene group. A synthetic carba-analogue of oxytocin, it is used to control bleeding after giving birth. Like oxytocin, it causes contraction of the uterus.		2.2510heterodetic cyclic peptideoxytocic
azd 7545
AZD 7545: an anilide tertiary carbinol; a pyruvate dehydrogenase kinase 2 inhibitor. AZD7545 : A sulfone that is benzene substituted by [4-(dimethylcarbamoyl)phenyl]sulfonyl, chloro and [(2R)-3,3,3-trifluoro-2-hydroxy-2-methylpropanoyl]amino groups at positions 1, 3 and 4, respectively. It is a potent and non-ATP-competitive inhibitor of pyruvate dehydrogenase kinase 2 (PDHK2) with IC50 of 6.4 nM and exhibits glucose-lowering activity. Also inhibits PDHK1 at higher levels (IC50 = 36.8 nM).		2.0710benzamides;
monochlorobenzenes;
organofluorine compound;
secondary carboxamide;
sulfone;
tertiary alcohol;
tertiary carboxamide		EC 2.7.11.2 - [pyruvate dehydrogenase (acetyl-transferring)] kinase inhibitor;
hypoglycemic agent
pravastatin sodium
pravastatin sodium : An organic sodium salt that is the sodium salt of pravastatin. A reversible inhibitor of 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-coenzyme A (HMG-CoA), it is used for lowering cholesterol and preventing cardiovascular disease. It is one of the lower potency statins, but has the advantage of fewer side effects compared with lovastatin and simvastatin.		2.0810organic sodium salt;
statin (semi-synthetic)		anticholesteremic drug
alendronate sodium
[no description available]		2.0810
valproate sodium
Epilim: oral sodium valproate used as antidepressive agent. sodium valproate : The sodium salt of valproic acid.. valproate : A branched-chain saturated fatty acid anion that is the conjugate base of valproic acid.		2.4520organic sodium saltgeroprotector
sl 80.0750
[no description available]		2.0810
flucloronide
flucloronide: synthetic glucocorticoid with anti-inflammatory properties; minor descriptor (75-83); on-line & Index Medicus search PREGNADIENETROLS (75-83); RN given refers to (6alpha,11beta,16alpha)-isomer; structure		2.041021-hydroxy steroid
cefotiam hydrochloride
[no description available]		2.4620
menotropins
Menotropins: Extracts of urine from menopausal women that contain high concentrations of pituitary gonadotropins, FOLLICLE STIMULATING HORMONE and LUTEINIZING HORMONE. Menotropins are used to treat infertility. The FSH:LH ratio and degree of purity vary in different preparations.		2.0510
chitosan
[no description available]		7.4820
9-(tetrahydro-2-furyl)-adenine
[no description available]		2.0610
mesna
Mesna: A sulfhydryl compound used to prevent urothelial toxicity by inactivating metabolites from ANTINEOPLASTIC AGENTS, such as IFOSFAMIDE or CYCLOPHOSPHAMIDE.		4.0840organosulfonic acid
potassium aminobenzoate
[no description available]		2.4620
u 63557a
[no description available]		2.0310
bucladesine
Bucladesine: A cyclic nucleotide derivative that mimics the action of endogenous CYCLIC AMP and is capable of permeating the cell membrane. It has vasodilator properties and is used as a cardiac stimulant. (From Merck Index, 11th ed). bucladesine : A 3',5'-cyclic purine nucleotide that is the 2'-butanoate ester and 6-N-butanoyl derivative of 3',5'-cyclic AMP.		3.07503',5'-cyclic purine nucleotide
ampicillin sodium
[no description available]		2.0510organic sodium salt
cerivastatin sodium
cerivastatin sodium : The sodium salt of cerivastatin. Formerly used to lower cholesterol and prevent cardiovascular disease, it was withdrawn from the market worldwide in 2001 following reports of a severe form of muscle toxicity.		2.0510organic sodium salt;
statin (synthetic)
clavulanate potassium
potassium clavulanate : A potassium salt having clavulanate as the counterion. It acts as a suicide inhibitor of bacterial beta-lactamase enzymes and has only weak anitbiotic activity when administered alone. However it can be used in combination with amoxicillin trihydrate (under the trade name Augmentin) for treatment of a variety of bacterial infections, where it prevents antibiotic inactivation by microbial lactamases.		2.4820potassium saltantibacterial drug;
antimicrobial agent;
EC 3.5.2.6 (beta-lactamase) inhibitor
cefamandole nafate
[no description available]		2.0210organic sodium saltantibacterial drug;
prodrug
cytomel
liothyronine sodium : The sodium salt of liothyronine. Thought to be more active than levothyroxine and with a rapid (few hours) onset and short duration of action, liothyronine sodium is used in the treatment of hypothyroidism, particularly in cases of hypothyroid coma.		2.0710organic sodium salt
taurocholic acid, monosodium salt
[no description available]		2.7330bile salt
sodium lactate
Sodium Lactate: The sodium salt of racemic or inactive lactic acid. It is a hygroscopic agent used intravenously as a systemic and urinary alkalizer.. sodium lactate : An organic sodium salt having lactate as the counterion.		3.2310lactate salt;
organic sodium salt		food acidity regulator;
food preservative
cefmetazole sodium
cefmetazole sodium : An organic sodium salt that is the sodium salt of cefmetazole.		2.0310organic sodium saltantimicrobial agent
piperacillin sodium
[no description available]		2.0810organic sodium salt
monensin
[no description available]		2.0510
sodium iothalamate
[no description available]		3.2310
methicillin sodium
[no description available]		2.4620organic sodium salt
nafcillin sodium
[no description available]		2.4620organic sodium salt
oxacillin sodium
[no description available]		2.4720organic sodium salt
penicillin g sodium
[no description available]		2.4620organic sodium salt
cefamandole nafate
cefamandole sodium : An organic sodium salt that is the sodium salt of cefamandole.		2.4620organic sodium saltantibacterial drug
sodium diatrizoate
histopaque: used for separating mononuclear & other cells. sodium amidotrizoate : The sodium salt of a benzoic acid having iodo substituents at the 2-, 4- and 6-positions and acetamido substituents at the 3- and 5-positions. It is used, often as a mixture with the meglumine salt, as an X-ray contrast medium in gastrointestinal studies, angiography, and urography.		2.0510organic sodium salt;
organoiodine compound		radioopaque medium
fusidate sodium
[no description available]		2.4420
cephapirin sodium
cephapirin sodium : The sodium salt of cephapirin. A first-generation cephalosporin antibiotic, it is effective against gram-negative and gram-positive organisms. Being more resistant to beta-lactamases than penicillins, it is effective agains most staphylococci, though not methicillin-resistant staphylococci.		2.7430cephalosporin;
organic sodium salt		antibacterial drug
sodium cephalothin
[no description available]		2.7430organic sodium salt
cefazolin sodium
cefazolin sodium : A cephalosporin organic sodium salt having [(5-methyl-1,3,4-thiadiazol-2-yl)sulfanyl]methyl and (1H-tetrazol-1-ylacetyl)amino side-groups.		2.7430organic sodium salt
dicloxacillin sodium
[no description available]		2.4620hydrate
5-hydroxydecanoic acid, monosodium salt
[no description available]		2.0310
ro13-9904
Ceftriaxone: A broad-spectrum cephalosporin antibiotic and cefotaxime derivative with a very long half-life and high penetrability to meninges, eyes and inner ears.. ceftriaxone : A third-generation cephalosporin compound having 2-(2-amino-1,3-thiazol-4-yl)-2-(methoxyimino)acetylamino and [(2-methyl-5,6-dioxo-1,2,5,6-tetrahydro-1,2,4-triazin-3-yl)sulfanyl]methyl side-groups.		2.0310
phenytoin sodium
[no description available]		2.0310
cr 1409
lorglumide sodium : A racemate comprising equal amounts of (R)- and (S)-lorglumide sodium.		2.0310
azlocillin sodium
[no description available]		2.7630organic sodium salt
sodium ethylxanthate
Sex: The totality of characteristics of reproductive structure, functions, PHENOTYPE, and GENOTYPE, differentiating the MALE from the FEMALE organism.		1.9510
cortisol succinate, sodium salt
hydrocortisone hemisuccinate: RN given refers to (11beta)-isomer; Synonyms Solu-Cortef & sopolcort H refer to Na salt		2.4420organic molecular entity
picrotoxin
Picrotoxin: A noncompetitive antagonist at GABA-A receptors and thus a convulsant. Picrotoxin blocks the GAMMA-AMINOBUTYRIC ACID-activated chloride ionophore. Although it is most often used as a research tool, it has been used as a CNS stimulant and an antidote in poisoning by CNS depressants, especially the barbiturates.. picrotoxin : A mixture consisting of equimolar amounts of picrotoxinin and picrotin found in the climbing plant Anamirta cocculus.		2.0210
apalutamide
[no description available]		2.3110
trelstar
Triptorelin Pamoate: A potent synthetic long-acting agonist of GONADOTROPIN-RELEASING HORMONE with D-tryptophan substitution at residue 6.		12.154917
cetrorelix
cetrorelix: LHRH antagonist. cetrorelix : A synthetic ten-membered oligopeptide comprising N-acetyl-3-(naphthalen-2-yl)-D-alanyl, 4-chloro-D-phenylalanyl, 3-(pyridin-3-yl)-D-alanyl, L-seryl, L-tyrosyl, N(5)-carbamoyl-D-ornithyl, L-leucyl, L-arginyl, L-prolyl, and D-alaninamide residues coupled in sequence. A gonadotrophin-releasing hormone (GnRH) antagonist, it is used for treatment of infertility and of hormone-sensitive cancers of the prostate and breast.		3.5520oligopeptideantineoplastic agent;
GnRH antagonist
lhrh, n-acetyl-(4-chlorophenylalanyl)(1)-(4-chlorophenylalanyl)(2)-tryptophyl(3)-arginyl(6)-alanine(10)-
LHRH, N-acetyl-(4-chlorophenylalanyl)(1)-(4-chlorophenylalanyl)(2)-tryptophyl(3)-arginyl(6)-alanine(10)-: gonadorelin antagonist		2.420
deslorelin
deslorelin: Ovuplant is tradename for a short-term-release implant containing deslorelin acetate; RN given refers to D-isomer; RN for cpd without isomeric designation not avail 12/90		4.0731oligopeptide
lutrelin acetate
lutrelin acetate: LH-FSH agonist		3.0710
histrelin
histrelin: gonadotropin releasing hormone agonist. histrelin : An oligopeptide comprising pyroglutamyl, histidyl, tryptophyl, seryl, tyrosyl, 1-benzyl-D-histidyl, leucyl, arginyl, and N-ethylprolinamide residues joined in sequence. It is a synthetic nonapeptide analogue of gonadotropin-releasing hormone, and is used as a subcutaneous hydrogel implant (particularly as the diacetate salt) for the treatment of prostate cancer and for the suppression of gonadal sex hormone production in children with central precocious puberty.		3.1150oligopeptideantineoplastic agent;
gonadotropin releasing hormone agonist
hainanolide
hainanolide: from bark of Cephalotaxux hainensis		2.0410
incb-018424
[no description available]		2.0810nitrile;
pyrazoles;
pyrrolopyrimidine		antineoplastic agent;
EC 2.7.10.2 (non-specific protein-tyrosine kinase) inhibitor
lgd 3303
9-chloro-2-ethyl-1-methyl-3-(2,2,2-trifluoroethyl)-3H-pyrrolo(3,2-f)quinolin-7(6H)-one: an androgen receptor modulator; structure in first source		2.0510
gliocladic acid
gliocladic acid: from Gliocladium virens, Chaetomium globosum & Trichoderma viride; structure given in first source		2.0410p-menthane monoterpenoid
a 967079
A 967079: a TRPA1 channel antagonist; structure in first source		2.0710
piperidines
Piperidines: A family of hexahydropyridines.		3.4980
pht 427
4-dodecyl-N-(1,3,4-thiadiazol-2-yl)benzenesulfonamide: an antineoplastic agent; structure in first source		2.0710
interleukin-8
Interleukin-8: A member of the CXC chemokine family that plays a role in the regulation of the acute inflammatory response. It is secreted by variety of cell types and induces CHEMOTAXIS of NEUTROPHILS and other inflammatory cells.		2.0310
cleistanthin
cleistanthin: lignan lactone toxic glycoside from Cleistanthus collinus (Roxb); structure. cleistanthin A : A member of the class of cleistanthins that is the 4-O-3,4-di-O-methyl-beta-D-xylopyranoside of 1,3-dihydronaphtho[2,3-c]furan-4-ol which is substituted by an oxo group at position 1, methoxy groups at positions 6 and 7, and a 1,3-benzodioxol-5-yl group at position 9. It is one of the toxic principles in Cleistanthus collinus.		2.0410cleistanthins;
xylose derivative		alpha-adrenergic antagonist;
antihypertensive agent;
diuretic
p(1),p(5)-di(adenosine-5'-)pentaphosphate
P(1),P(5)-di(adenosine-5'-)pentaphosphate: structure. P(1),P(5)-bis(5'-adenosyl) pentaphosphate(5-) : An organophosphate oxoanion arising from global deprotonation of the pentaphosphate OH groups of P(1),P(5)-bis(5'-adenosyl) pentaphosphate.		2.0110organophosphate oxoanion
nimorazole
[no description available]		2.0410
methylcellulose
Methylcellulose: Methylester of cellulose. Methylcellulose is used as an emulsifying and suspending agent in cosmetics, pharmaceutics and the chemical industry. It is used therapeutically as a bulk laxative.		2.1510
butyrolactone i
butyrolactone I: selective inhibitor of cdk2 & cdc2 kinase; structure given in first source		2.0510butenolide
vasoactive intestinal peptide
Vasoactive Intestinal Peptide: A highly basic, 28 amino acid neuropeptide released from intestinal mucosa. It has a wide range of biological actions affecting the cardiovascular, gastrointestinal, and respiratory systems and is neuroprotective. It binds special receptors (RECEPTORS, VASOACTIVE INTESTINAL PEPTIDE).		2.4120
arginyl-glycyl-glutamic acid
[no description available]		2.0510oligopeptide
ascorbic acid
Ascorbic Acid: A six carbon compound related to glucose. It is found naturally in citrus fruits and many vegetables. Ascorbic acid is an essential nutrient in human diets, and necessary to maintain connective tissue and bone. Its biologically active form, vitamin C, functions as a reducing agent and coenzyme in several metabolic pathways. Vitamin C is considered an antioxidant.. L-ascorbic acid : The L-enantiomer of ascorbic acid and conjugate acid of L-ascorbate.. L-ascorbate : The L-enantiomer of ascorbate and conjugate base of L-ascorbic acid, arising from selective deprotonation of the 3-hydroxy group. Required for a range of essential metabolic reactions in all animals and plants.. vitamin C : Any member of a group of vitamers that belong to the chemical structural class called butenolides that exhibit biological activity against vitamin C deficiency in animals. The vitamers include L-ascorbic acid and its salt, ionized and oxidized forms.		4.4160ascorbic acid;
vitamin C		coenzyme;
cofactor;
flour treatment agent;
food antioxidant;
food colour retention agent;
geroprotector;
plant metabolite;
skin lightening agent
raltegravir
[no description available]		3.23101,2,4-oxadiazole;
dicarboxylic acid amide;
hydroxypyrimidine;
monofluorobenzenes;
pyrimidone;
secondary carboxamide		antiviral drug;
HIV-1 integrase inhibitor
novobiocin
Novobiocin: An antibiotic compound derived from Streptomyces niveus. It has a chemical structure similar to coumarin. Novobiocin binds to DNA gyrase, and blocks adenosine triphosphatase (ATPase) activity. (From Reynolds, Martindale The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p189). novobiocin : A coumarin-derived antibiotic obtained from Streptomyces niveus.		3.3160carbamate ester;
ether;
hexoside;
hydroxycoumarin;
monocarboxylic acid amide;
monosaccharide derivative;
phenols		antibacterial agent;
antimicrobial agent;
EC 5.99.1.3 [DNA topoisomerase (ATP-hydrolysing)] inhibitor;
Escherichia coli metabolite;
hepatoprotective agent
tetracycline
Tetracycline: A naphthacene antibiotic that inhibits AMINO ACYL TRNA binding during protein synthesis.. tetracycline : A broad-spectrum polyketide antibiotic produced by the Streptomyces genus of actinobacteria.		5.3160
chlortetracycline
Chlortetracycline: A TETRACYCLINE with a 7-chloro substitution.. chlortetracycline : A member of the class of tetracyclines with formula C22H23ClN2O8 isolated from Streptomyces aureofaciens.		2.7430
oxytetracycline, anhydrous
Oxytetracycline: A TETRACYCLINE analog isolated from the actinomycete STREPTOMYCES RIMOSUS and used in a wide variety of clinical conditions.. oxytetracycline : A tetracycline used for treatment of infections caused by a variety of Gram positive and Gram negative microorganisms including Mycoplasma pneumoniae, Pasteurella pestis, Escherichia coli, Haemophilus influenzae (respiratory infections), and Diplococcus pneumoniae.		4.2650
minocycline
Minocycline: A TETRACYCLINE analog, having a 7-dimethylamino and lacking the 5 methyl and hydroxyl groups, which is effective against tetracycline-resistant STAPHYLOCOCCUS infections.. minocycline : A tetracycline analogue having a dimethylamino group at position 7 and lacking the methyl and hydroxy groups at position 5.		4.6680
dicumarol
Dicumarol: An oral anticoagulant that interferes with the metabolism of vitamin K. It is also used in biochemical experiments as an inhibitor of reductases.		2.4720hydroxycoumarinanticoagulant;
EC 1.6.5.2 [NAD(P)H dehydrogenase (quinone)] inhibitor;
Hsp90 inhibitor;
vitamin K antagonist
piroxicam
[no description available]		5.17140benzothiazine;
monocarboxylic acid amide;
pyridines		analgesic;
antirheumatic drug;
cyclooxygenase 1 inhibitor;
EC 1.14.99.1 (prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase) inhibitor;
non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug
roquinimex
roquinimex: structure in first source		2.0810aromatic amide
acenocoumarol
Acenocoumarol: A coumarin that is used as an anticoagulant. Its actions and uses are similar to those of WARFARIN. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p233). acenocoumarol : A hydroxycoumarin that is warfarin in which the hydrogen at position 4 of the phenyl substituent is replaced by a nitro group.		2.7530C-nitro compound;
hydroxycoumarin;
methyl ketone		anticoagulant;
EC 1.6.5.2 [NAD(P)H dehydrogenase (quinone)] inhibitor
meclocycline
[no description available]		2.0210
bactobolin
bactobolin: from Pseudomonas sp. BN-183; has MF C14-H20-Cl2-N2-O6; RN given refers to parent cpd(R*)-isomer		2.0410amino acid amide
lfm a13
LFM-A13 : An enamide obtained by formal condensation of the carboxy group of (2Z)-2-cyano-3-hydroxybut-2-enoic acid with the amino group of 2,5-dibromoaniline. It is a dual-function inhibitor of Bruton's tyrosine kinase (BTK) and Polo-like kinases (PLK) that exhibits anticancer properties.		2.0310aromatic amide;
dibromobenzene;
enamide;
enol;
nitrile;
secondary carboxamide		antineoplastic agent;
apoptosis inducer;
EC 2.7.10.2 (non-specific protein-tyrosine kinase) inhibitor;
EC 2.7.11.21 (polo kinase) inhibitor;
geroprotector;
platelet aggregation inhibitor
mobic
Meloxicam: A benzothiazine and thiazole derivative that acts as a NSAID and cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) inhibitor. It is used in the treatment of RHEUMATOID ARTHRITIS; OSTEOARTHRITIS; and ANKYLOSING SPONDYLITIS.. meloxicam : A benzothiazine that is piroxicam in which the pyridin-2-yl group is replaced by a 5-methyl-1,3-thiazol-2-yl group. A non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug and selective inhibitor of COX-2, it is used particularly for the management of rheumatoid arthritis.		4.09401,3-thiazoles;
benzothiazine;
monocarboxylic acid amide		analgesic;
antirheumatic drug;
cyclooxygenase 2 inhibitor;
non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug
mobiflex
tenoxicam : A thienothiazine-derived monocarboxylic acid amide obtained by formal condensation of the carboxy group of 4-hydroxy-2-methylthieno[2,3-e][1,2]thiazine-3-carboxylic acid 1,1-dioxide with the amino group of 2-aminopyridine. Used for the treatment of pain and inflammation in osteoarthritis and rheumatoid arthritis. It is also indicated for short term treatment of acute musculoskeletal disorders including strains, sprains and other soft-tissue injuries.		3.1550heteroaryl hydroxy compound;
monocarboxylic acid amide;
pyridines;
thienothiazine		antipyretic;
EC 1.14.99.1 (prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase) inhibitor;
non-narcotic analgesic;
non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug
isoxicam
isoxicam : A monocarboxylic acid amide that is piroxicam in which the pyrid-2-yl group is replaced by a 5-methyl-1,2-oxazol-3-yl group. A non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug, it was withdrawn from the market in the 1980s following its association with cases of Stevens-Johnson syndrome.		2.7630benzothiazine;
isoxazoles;
monocarboxylic acid amide		antirheumatic drug;
non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug
warfarin
Warfarin: An anticoagulant that acts by inhibiting the synthesis of vitamin K-dependent coagulation factors. Warfarin is indicated for the prophylaxis and/or treatment of venous thrombosis and its extension, pulmonary embolism, and atrial fibrillation with embolization. It is also used as an adjunct in the prophylaxis of systemic embolism after myocardial infarction. Warfarin is also used as a rodenticide.. warfarin : A racemate comprising equal amounts of (R)- and (S)-warfarin. Extensively used as both an anticoagulant drug and as a pesticide against rats and mice.. 4-hydroxy-3-(3-oxo-1-phenylbutyl)-1-benzopyran-2-one : A member of the class of coumarins that is 4-hydroxycoumarin which is substituted at position 3 by a 1-phenyl-3-oxo-1-butyl group.		10.3160benzenes;
hydroxycoumarin;
methyl ketone
demeclocycline
Demeclocycline: A TETRACYCLINE analog having a 7-chloro and a 6-methyl. Because it is excreted more slowly than tetracycline, it maintains effective blood levels for longer periods of time.. demeclocycline : Tetracycline which lacks the methyl substituent at position 7 and in which the hydrogen para- to the phenolic hydroxy group is substituted by chlorine. Like tetracycline, it is an antibiotic, but being excreted more slowly, effective blood levels are maintained for longer. It is used (mainly as the hydrochloride) for the treatment of Lyme disease, acne and bronchitis, as well as for hyponatraemia (low blood sodium concentration) due to the syndrome of inappropriate antidiuretic hormone (SIADH) where fluid restriction alone has been ineffective.		3.8630
phenprocoumon
Phenprocoumon: Coumarin derivative that acts as a long acting oral anticoagulant.. phenprocoumon : A hydroxycoumarin that is 4-hydroxycoumarin which is substituted at position 3 by a 1-phenylpropyl group.		2.4920hydroxycoumarinanticoagulant;
EC 1.6.5.2 [NAD(P)H dehydrogenase (quinone)] inhibitor
tipranavir
tipranavir: inhibits HIV-1 protease. tipranavir : A pyridine-2-sulfonamide substituted at C-5 by a trifluoromethyl group and at the sulfonamide nitrogen by a dihydropyrone-containing m-tolyl substituent. It is an HIV-1 protease inhibitor.		4.4360sulfonamideantiviral drug;
HIV protease inhibitor
chlortetracycline hydrochloride
Alexomycin: a thiopeptide; a cyclic peptide antibiotic produced by Streptomyces arginensis isolated from the soil		2.4620
l 701324
L 701324: a glycine/NMDA receptor antagonist		2.0310quinolines
rolitetracycline
Rolitetracycline: A pyrrolidinylmethyl TETRACYCLINE.. rolitetracycline : A derivative of tetracycline in which the amide function is substituted with a pyrrolidinomethyl group.		2.7530
sudoxicam
sudoxicam: proposed ant-inflammatory agent; minor descriptor (75-86); on-line & INDEX MEDICUS search THIAZINES (75-86)		2.0510
methacycline monohydrochloride
[no description available]		2.4620
hispidin
hispidin: metabolite of Basidiomycete Polyporus hispidus. hispidin : Fungal metabolite first found in basidiomycete Inonotus hispidus (formerly Polyporus hispidus).		2.44202-pyranones;
catechols		antioxidant;
EC 2.7.11.13 (protein kinase C) inhibitor;
fungal metabolite
minocycline hydrochloride
[no description available]		3.1550
demeclocycline hydrochloride
demeclocycline hydrochloride : The hydrochloride salt of demeclocycline. A tetracycline antibiotic, it is used (mainly as the hydrochloride) for the treatment of Lyme disease, acne and bronchitis, as well as for hyponatraemia (low blood sodium concentration) due to the syndrome of inappropriate antidiuretic hormone (SIADH) where fluid restriction alone has been ineffective.		2.9640
tigecycline
[no description available]		3.6120
(S)-warfarin
(S)-warfarin : A 4-hydroxy-3-(3-oxo-1-phenylbutyl)-2H-1-benzopyran-2-one that has (S)-configuration (the racemate is warfarin, an anticoagulant drug and rodenticide).		2.08104-hydroxy-3-(3-oxo-1-phenylbutyl)-1-benzopyran-2-one
lornoxicam
lornoxicam : A thienothiazine-derived monocarboxylic acid amide obtained by formal condensation of the carboxy group of 6-chloro-4-hydroxy-2-methylthieno[2,3-e][1,2]thiazine-3-carboxylic acid 1,1-dioxide with the amino group of 2-aminopyridine. Used for the treatment of pain, primarily resulting from inflammatory diseases of the joints, osteoarthritis, surgery, sciatica and other inflammations.		2.4720heteroaryl hydroxy compound;
monocarboxylic acid amide;
organochlorine compound;
pyridines;
thienothiazine		antipyretic;
non-narcotic analgesic;
non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug
epidermal growth factor
Epidermal Growth Factor: A 6-kDa polypeptide growth factor initially discovered in mouse submaxillary glands. Human epidermal growth factor was originally isolated from urine based on its ability to inhibit gastric secretion and called urogastrone. Epidermal growth factor exerts a wide variety of biological effects including the promotion of proliferation and differentiation of mesenchymal and EPITHELIAL CELLS. It is synthesized as a transmembrane protein which can be cleaved to release a soluble active form.		4.96120
clay
Clay: A naturally-occurring rock or soil constituent characterized by particles with a diameter of less than 0.005 mm. It is composed primarily of hydrous aluminum silicates, trace amounts of metal OXIDES, and organic matter.		2.2510
charybdotoxin
[no description available]		2.0110
transforming growth factor beta
Transforming Growth Factor beta: A factor synthesized in a wide variety of tissues. It acts synergistically with TGF-alpha in inducing phenotypic transformation and can also act as a negative autocrine growth factor. TGF-beta has a potential role in embryonal development, cellular differentiation, hormone secretion, and immune function. TGF-beta is found mostly as homodimer forms of separate gene products TGF-beta1, TGF-beta2 or TGF-beta3. Heterodimers composed of TGF-beta1 and 2 (TGF-beta1.2) or of TGF-beta2 and 3 (TGF-beta2.3) have been isolated. The TGF-beta proteins are synthesized as precursor proteins.		4.99120
phytoestrogens
Phytoestrogens: Compounds derived from plants, primarily ISOFLAVONES that mimic or modulate endogenous estrogens, usually by binding to ESTROGEN RECEPTORS.		2.7230
okadaic acid
Okadaic Acid: A specific inhibitor of phosphoserine/threonine protein phosphatase 1 and 2a. It is also a potent tumor promoter. It is produced by DINOFLAGELLATES and causes diarrhetic SHELLFISH POISONING.. okadaic acid : A polycyclic ether that is produced by several species of dinoflagellates, and is known to accumulate in both marine sponges and shellfish. A polyketide, polyether derivative of a C38 fatty acid, it is one of the primary causes of diarrhetic shellfish poisoning (DSP). It is a potent inhibitor of specific protein phosphatases and is known to have a variety of negative effects on cells.		210ketal
pyrethrins
[no description available]		2.0310
ajmaline
[no description available]		2.0510
kiss1 protein, human
Kisspeptins: Intercellular signaling peptides that were originally characterized by their ability to suppress NEOPLASM METASTASIS. Kisspeptins have since been found to play an important role in the neuroendocrine regulation of REPRODUCTION.		2.8630
cyclin d1
Cyclin D1: Protein encoded by the bcl-1 gene which plays a critical role in regulating the cell cycle. Overexpression of cyclin D1 is the result of bcl-1 rearrangement, a t(11;14) translocation, and is implicated in various neoplasms.		2.0110
caseins
Caseins: A mixture of related phosphoproteins occurring in milk and cheese. The group is characterized as one of the most nutritive milk proteins, containing all of the common amino acids and rich in the essential ones.		3.1850
fertinex
[no description available]		3.2310
nitrophenols
Nitrophenols: PHENOLS carrying nitro group substituents.		3.5820
mesotocin
[no description available]		1.9810
norgestrel
Norgestrel: A synthetic progestational agent with actions similar to those of PROGESTERONE. This racemic or (+-)-form has about half the potency of the levo form (LEVONORGESTREL). Norgestrel is used as a contraceptive, ovulation inhibitor, and for the control of menstrual disorders and endometriosis.		3.3711
transforming growth factor alpha
Transforming Growth Factor alpha: An EPIDERMAL GROWTH FACTOR related protein that is found in a variety of tissues including EPITHELIUM, and maternal DECIDUA. It is synthesized as a transmembrane protein which can be cleaved to release a soluble active form which binds to the EGF RECEPTOR.		1.9810
cyclosporine
Cyclosporine: A cyclic undecapeptide from an extract of soil fungi. It is a powerful immunosupressant with a specific action on T-lymphocytes. It is used for the prophylaxis of graft rejection in organ and tissue transplantation. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed).		2.5220
chondroitin sulfates
Chondroitin Sulfates: Derivatives of chondroitin which have a sulfate moiety esterified to the galactosamine moiety of chondroitin. Chondroitin sulfate A, or chondroitin 4-sulfate, and chondroitin sulfate C, or chondroitin 6-sulfate, have the sulfate esterified in the 4- and 6-positions, respectively. Chondroitin sulfate B (beta heparin; DERMATAN SULFATE) is a misnomer and this compound is not a true chondroitin sulfate.		2.610
68ga-dotanoc
68Ga-DOTANOC: a PET imaging compound specific to somatostatin receptors subtypes 2 and 5; no further info available 10/2005		2.3110
entecavir
entecavir (anhydrous) : Guanine substituted at the 9 position by a 4-hydroxy-3-(hydroxymethyl)-2-methylidenecyclopentyl group. A synthetic analogue of 2'-deoxyguanosine, it is a nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor with selective antiviral activity against hepatitis B virus. Entecavir is phosphorylated intracellularly to the active triphosphate form, which competes with deoxyguanosine triphosphate, the natural substrate of hepatitis B virus reverse transcriptase, inhibiting every stage of the enzyme's activity, although it has no activity against HIV. It is used for the treatment of chronic hepatitis B.		3.87302-aminopurines;
oxopurine;
primary alcohol;
secondary alcohol		antiviral drug;
EC 2.7.7.49 (RNA-directed DNA polymerase) inhibitor
acyclovir
Acyclovir: A GUANOSINE analog that acts as an antimetabolite. Viruses are especially susceptible. Used especially against herpes.. acyclovir : An oxopurine that is guanine substituted by a (2-hydroxyethoxy)methyl substituent at position 9. Used in the treatment of viral infections.		7.531512-aminopurines;
oxopurine		antimetabolite;
antiviral drug
sepiapterin
sepiapterin: A substrate of sepiapterin reductase		2.0310sepiapterin
inosine
[no description available]		2.0510inosines;
purines D-ribonucleoside		Escherichia coli metabolite;
human metabolite;
mouse metabolite;
Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite
folic acid
folcysteine: used to promote fertility in chickens. vitamin B9 : Any B-vitamin that exhibits biological activity against vitamin B9 deficiency. Vitamin B9 refers to the many forms of folic acid and its derivatives, including tetrahydrofolic acid (the active form), methyltetrahydrofolate (the primary form found in blood), methenyltetrahydrofolate, folinic acid amongst others. They are present in abundance in green leafy vegetables, citrus fruits, and animal products. Lack of vitamin B9 leads to anemia, a condition in which the body cannot produce sufficient number of red blood cells. Symptoms of vitamin B9 deficiency include fatigue, muscle weakness, and pale skin.		4.88100folic acids;
N-acyl-amino acid		human metabolite;
mouse metabolite;
nutrient
isoxanthopterin
[no description available]		2.0310dihydroxypteridine
rifampin
Rifampin: A semisynthetic antibiotic produced from Streptomyces mediterranei. It has a broad antibacterial spectrum, including activity against several forms of Mycobacterium. In susceptible organisms it inhibits DNA-dependent RNA polymerase activity by forming a stable complex with the enzyme. It thus suppresses the initiation of RNA synthesis. Rifampin is bactericidal, and acts on both intracellular and extracellular organisms. (From Gilman et al., Goodman and Gilman's The Pharmacological Basis of Therapeutics, 9th ed, p1160)		5.51200cyclic ketal;
hydrazone;
N-iminopiperazine;
N-methylpiperazine;
rifamycins;
semisynthetic derivative;
zwitterion		angiogenesis inhibitor;
antiamoebic agent;
antineoplastic agent;
antitubercular agent;
DNA synthesis inhibitor;
EC 2.7.7.6 (RNA polymerase) inhibitor;
Escherichia coli metabolite;
geroprotector;
leprostatic drug;
neuroprotective agent;
pregnane X receptor agonist;
protein synthesis inhibitor
clozapine
Clozapine: A tricylic dibenzodiazepine, classified as an atypical antipsychotic agent. It binds several types of central nervous system receptors, and displays a unique pharmacological profile. Clozapine is a serotonin antagonist, with strong binding to 5-HT 2A/2C receptor subtype. It also displays strong affinity to several dopaminergic receptors, but shows only weak antagonism at the dopamine D2 receptor, a receptor commonly thought to modulate neuroleptic activity. Agranulocytosis is a major adverse effect associated with administration of this agent.. clozapine : A benzodiazepine that is 5H-dibenzo[b,e][1,4]diazepine substituted by a chloro group at position 8 and a 4-methylpiperazin-1-yl group at position 11. It is a second generation antipsychotic used in the treatment of psychiatric disorders like schizophrenia.		5.51200benzodiazepine;
N-arylpiperazine;
N-methylpiperazine;
organochlorine compound		adrenergic antagonist;
dopaminergic antagonist;
EC 3.4.21.26 (prolyl oligopeptidase) inhibitor;
environmental contaminant;
GABA antagonist;
histamine antagonist;
muscarinic antagonist;
second generation antipsychotic;
serotonergic antagonist;
xenobiotic
dacarbazine
(E)-dacarbazine : A dacarbazine in which the N=N double bond adopts a trans-configuration.		4.87100dacarbazine
didanosine
Didanosine: A dideoxynucleoside compound in which the 3'-hydroxy group on the sugar moiety has been replaced by a hydrogen. This modification prevents the formation of phosphodiester linkages which are needed for the completion of nucleic acid chains. Didanosine is a potent inhibitor of HIV replication, acting as a chain-terminator of viral DNA by binding to reverse transcriptase; ddI is then metabolized to dideoxyadenosine triphosphate, its putative active metabolite.. didanosine : A purine 2',3'-dideoxyribonucleoside that is inosine in which the hydroxy groups at both the 2' and the 3' positions on the sugar moiety have been replaced by hydrogen. An antiviral drug, it is used as a medication to treat HIV/AIDS.		4.7790purine 2',3'-dideoxyribonucleosideantimetabolite;
antiviral drug;
EC 2.4.2.1 (purine-nucleoside phosphorylase) inhibitor;
geroprotector;
HIV-1 reverse transcriptase inhibitor
ganciclovir
[no description available]		4.931102-aminopurines;
oxopurine		antiinfective agent;
antiviral drug
valtrex
[no description available]		2.0810organic molecular entity
valacyclovir
Valacyclovir: A prodrug of acyclovir that is used in the treatment of HERPES ZOSTER and HERPES SIMPLEX VIRUS INFECTION of the skin and mucous membranes, including GENITAL HERPES.		6.5451L-valyl esterantiviral drug
sildenafil
sildenafil : A pyrazolo[4,3-d]pyrimidin-7-one having a methyl substituent at the 1-position, a propyl substituent at the 3-position and a 2-ethoxy-5-[(4-methylpiperazin-1-yl)sulfonyl]phenyl group at the 5-position.		4.0940piperazines;
pyrazolopyrimidine;
sulfonamide		EC 3.1.4.35 (3',5'-cyclic-GMP phosphodiesterase) inhibitor;
vasodilator agent
olanzapine
Olanzapine: A benzodiazepine derivative that binds SEROTONIN RECEPTORS; MUSCARINIC RECEPTORS; HISTAMINE H1 RECEPTORS; ADRENERGIC ALPHA-1 RECEPTORS; and DOPAMINE RECEPTORS. It is an antipsychotic agent used in the treatment of SCHIZOPHRENIA; BIPOLAR DISORDER; and MAJOR DEPRESSIVE DISORDER; it may also reduce nausea and vomiting in patients undergoing chemotherapy.. olanzapine : A benzodiazepine that is 10H-thieno[2,3-b][1,5]benzodiazepine substituted by a methyl group at position 2 and a 4-methylpiperazin-1-yl group at position 4.		4.5570benzodiazepine;
N-arylpiperazine;
N-methylpiperazine		antiemetic;
dopaminergic antagonist;
histamine antagonist;
muscarinic antagonist;
second generation antipsychotic;
serotonergic antagonist;
serotonin uptake inhibitor
penciclovir
penciclovir : A member of the class of 2-aminopurines that is guanine in which the hydrogen at position 9 is substituted by a 4-hydroxy-3-(hydroxymethyl)but-1-yl group. An antiviral drug, it is administered topically for treatment of herpes labialis. A prodrug, famciclovir, is used for oral administration.		2.44202-aminopurines;
propane-1,3-diols		antiviral drug
oxypurinol
Oxypurinol: A xanthine oxidase inhibitor.. alloxanthine : A pyrazolopyrimidine that is 4,5,6,7-tetrahydro-H-pyrazolo[3,4-d]pyrimidine substituted by oxo groups at positions 4 and 6.		2.0510pyrazolopyrimidinedrug metabolite;
EC 1.17.3.2 (xanthine oxidase) inhibitor
zaprinast
zaprinast: anaphylaxis inhibitor; structure		2.4420triazolopyrimidines
raltitrexed
[no description available]		2.4720N-acyl-amino acid
vardenafil
vardenafil : The sulfonamide resulting from formal condensation of the sulfo group of 4-ethoxy-3-(5-methyl-7-propylimidazo[5,1-f][1,2,4]triazin-4(1H)-one-2-yl)benzenesulfonic acid and the secondary amino group of 4-ethylpiperazine.		3.2310imidazotriazine;
N-alkylpiperazine;
N-sulfonylpiperazine		EC 3.1.4.* (phosphoric diester hydrolase) inhibitor;
vasodilator agent
allopurinol
Allopurinol: A XANTHINE OXIDASE inhibitor that decreases URIC ACID production. It also acts as an antimetabolite on some simpler organisms.. allopurinol : A bicyclic structure comprising a pyrazole ring fused to a hydroxy-substituted pyrimidine ring.		5.41180nucleobase analogue;
organic heterobicyclic compound		antimetabolite;
EC 1.17.3.2 (xanthine oxidase) inhibitor;
gout suppressant;
radical scavenger
azaguanine
Azaguanine: One of the early purine analogs showing antineoplastic activity. It functions as an antimetabolite and is easily incorporated into ribonucleic acids.. 8-azaguanine : A triazolopyrimidine that consists of 3,6-dihydro-7H-[1,2,3]triazolo[4,5-d]pyrimidine bearing amino and oxo substituents at positions 5 and 7 respectively.		2.0410nucleobase analogue;
triazolopyrimidines		antimetabolite;
antineoplastic agent;
EC 2.4.2.1 (purine-nucleoside phosphorylase) inhibitor
citrovorum factor
[no description available]		4.0940tetrahydrofolic acid
leucovorin
5-formyltetrahydrofolic acid : A formyltetrahydrofolic acid in which the formyl group is located at position 5.		4.0840formyltetrahydrofolic acidEscherichia coli metabolite;
mouse metabolite
rifapentine
rifapentine: cyclopentyl derivative of rifampicin		3.6120N-alkylpiperazine;
N-iminopiperazine;
rifamycins		antitubercular agent;
leprostatic drug
thiolactomycin
thiolactomycin: from actinomycetes; structure given in first source		2.4520
2,4-diaminohypoxanthine
2,4-diaminohypoxanthine: do not confuse abbreviation DAHP with various dehydro-deoxy-arabino-heptulosonic acid phosphates which also use DAHP; RN given refers to parent cpd; structure		2.0310hydroxypyrimidine
alanosine
[no description available]		2.4520
3,4,5-trihydroxybenzamidoxime
3,4,5-trihydroxybenzamidoxime: structure given in first source		2.0510benzenetriol
bl 4162a
anagrelide: imidazoquinazoline derivative which lowers platelet count probably by inhibiting thrombopoiesis and reduces platelet aggregation; used for thrombocythemia; structure in first source. anagrelide : A 1,5-dihydroimidazo[2,1-]quinazoline having an oxo substituent at the 2-position and chloro substituents at the 6- and 7-positions.		3.2310imidazoquinazolineanticoagulant;
antifibrinolytic drug;
cardiovascular drug;
platelet aggregation inhibitor
tegaserod
tegaserod: a nonbenzamide 5-hydroxytryptamine(4) agonist; used in treatment of irritable bowel syndrome; marketing suspended 2007 in US due to higher incidence of MI, stroke, and unstable angina; structure given in first source		3.2310carboxamidine;
guanidines;
hydrazines;
indoles		gastrointestinal drug;
serotonergic agonist
norclozapine
norclozapine: structure given in first source. N-desmethylclozapine : A dibenzodoazepine substituted with chloro and piperazino groups which is a major metabolite of clozapine; a potent and selective 5-HT2C serotonin receptor antagonist.		2.0810dibenzodiazepine;
organochlorine compound;
piperazines		delta-opioid receptor agonist;
metabolite;
serotonergic antagonist
pemetrexed
pemetrexed disodium : An organic sodium salt that is the disodium salt of N-{4-[2-(2-amino-4-oxo-4,7-dihydro-1H-pyrrolo[2,3-d]pyrimidin-5-yl)ethyl]benzoyl}-L-glutamic acid. Inhibits thymidylate synthase (TS), 421 dihydrofolate reductase (DHFR), and glycinamide ribonucleotide formyltransferase (GARFT).		3.2310N-acyl-L-glutamic acid;
pyrrolopyrimidine		antimetabolite;
antineoplastic agent;
EC 1.5.1.3 (dihydrofolate reductase) inhibitor;
EC 2.1.1.45 (thymidylate synthase) inhibitor;
EC 2.1.2.2 (phosphoribosylglycinamide formyltransferase) inhibitor
7-deazaguanosine
7-deazaguanosine: structure given in first source		2.0410
tirapazamine
Tirapazamine: A triazine derivative that introduces breaks into DNA strands in hypoxic cells, sensitizing tumor cells to the cytotoxic activity of other drugs and radiation.. tirapazamine : A member of the class of benzotriazines that is 1,2,4-benzotriazine carrying an amino substituent at position 3 and two oxido substituents at positions 1 and 4.		2.0510aromatic amine;
benzotriazines;
N-oxide		antibacterial agent;
antineoplastic agent;
apoptosis inducer
sildenafil citrate
Sildenafil Citrate: A PHOSPHODIESTERASE TYPE-5 INHIBITOR; VASODILATOR AGENT and UROLOGICAL AGENT that is used in the treatment of ERECTILE DYSFUNCTION and PRIMARY PULMONARY HYPERTENSION.. sildenafil citrate : The citrate salt of sildenafil.		2.0810citrate saltEC 3.1.4.35 (3',5'-cyclic-GMP phosphodiesterase) inhibitor;
vasodilator agent
valganciclovir
Valganciclovir: A ganciclovir prodrug and antiviral agent that is used to treat CYTOMEGALOVIRUS RETINITIS in patients with AIDS, and for the prevention of CYTOMEGALOVIRUS INFECTIONS in organ transplant recipients who have received an organ from a CMV-positive donor.. valganciclovir : The L-valinyl ester of ganciclovir, into which it is rapidly converted by intestinal and hepatic esterases. It is a synthetic analogue of 2'-deoxyguanosine.		3.2310L-valyl ester;
purines		antiviral drug;
prodrug
aprepitant
Aprepitant: A morpholine neurokinin-1 (NK1) receptor antagonist that is used in the management of nausea and vomiting caused by DRUG THERAPY, and for the prevention of POSTOPERATIVE NAUSEA AND VOMITING.. aprepitant : A morpholine-based antiemetic, which is or the prevention of acute and delayed nausea and vomiting associated with initial and repeat courses of highly emetogenic cancer chemotherapy. Aprepitant is a selective high-affinity antagonist of human substance P/neurokinin 1 (NK1) receptors.		3.6120(trifluoromethyl)benzenes;
cyclic acetal;
morpholines;
triazoles		antidepressant;
antiemetic;
neurokinin-1 receptor antagonist;
peripheral nervous system drug;
substance P receptor antagonist
fosaprepitant
fosaprepitant: a pro-drug form of aprepitant. fosaprepitant : A morpholine derivative that is the (1R)-1-[3,5-bis(trifluoromethyl)phenyl]ethyl ether of (3-{[(2R,3S)-3-(4-fluorophenyl)-2-hydroxymorpholin-4-yl]methyl}-5-oxo-4,5-dihydro-1H-1,2,4-triazol-1-yl)phosphonic acid.		3.2310(trifluoromethyl)benzenes;
cyclic acetal;
morpholines;
phosphoramide;
triazoles		antiemetic;
neurokinin-1 receptor antagonist;
prodrug
tegaserod maleate
[no description available]		2.0810maleate saltserotonergic agonist
pyrazofurin
pirazofurin : A C-glycosyl compound that is 4-hydroxy-1H-pyrazole-5-carboxamide in which the hydrogen at position 3 has been replaced by a beta-D-ribofuranosyl group.		2.0410C-glycosyl compound;
pyrazoles		antimetabolite;
antimicrobial agent;
antineoplastic agent;
EC 4.1.1.23 (orotidine-5'-phosphate decarboxylase) inhibitor
rifabutin
[no description available]		4.6680
quazinone
[no description available]		2.0310
way 200070
WAY 200070: a neuroprotective agent; structure in first source		2.0210
8-bromocyclic gmp, sodium salt
sodium 8-bromo-3',5'-cyclic GMP : An organic sodium salt having 8-bromoguanosine 3',5'-cyclic phosphate as the counterion. A membrane permeable cGMP analogue that activates protein kinase G (PKG). It is 4.3-fold more potent than cGMP in activating PKG1alpha and promotes relaxation of tracheal and vascular smooth muscle tissue in vitro.		2.4420organic sodium saltmuscle relaxant;
protein kinase G agonist
ag-879
AG-879: structure given in first source		2.7130
n(10)-methylfolate
[no description available]		2.0410folic acids
5-methyltetrahydrohomofolic acid
5-methyltetrahydrohomofolic acid: RN given refers to parent cpd		2.0410
amg531
[no description available]		2.0610
ninopterin
ninopterin: structure		2.0410
carbadox
Carbadox: An antibacterial agent that has been used in veterinary practice for treating swine dysentery and enteritis and for promoting growth. However, its use has been prohibited in the UK following reports of carcinogenicity and mutagenicity. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p125)		2.0710quinoxaline derivative
levomefolate calcium
levomefolate calcium: an ingredient in Contraceptives, Oral, Combined. levomefolate calcium : An organic calcium salt of (6S)-5-methyltetrahydrofolic acid.		3.2310organic calcium saltantidepressant
fenobam
fenobam: in USAN fenobam refers to monohydrate		2.0710ureas
concanavalin a
Concanavalin A: A MANNOSE/GLUCOSE binding lectin isolated from the jack bean (Canavalia ensiformis). It is a potent mitogen used to stimulate cell proliferation in lymphocytes, primarily T-lymphocyte, cultures.		2.9410
metallothionein
Metallothionein: A low-molecular-weight (approx. 10 kD) protein occurring in the cytoplasm of kidney cortex and liver. It is rich in cysteinyl residues and contains no aromatic amino acids. Metallothionein shows high affinity for bivalent heavy metals.		2.3110
phosphorus radioisotopes
Phosphorus Radioisotopes: Unstable isotopes of phosphorus that decay or disintegrate emitting radiation. P atoms with atomic weights 28-34 except 31 are radioactive phosphorus isotopes.		1.9910
leptin
Leptin: A 16-kDa peptide hormone secreted from WHITE ADIPOCYTES. Leptin serves as a feedback signal from fat cells to the CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM in regulation of food intake, energy balance, and fat storage.		4.6632
ConditionIndicatedRelationship StrengthStudiesTrials
Kidney Failure
A severe irreversible decline in the ability of kidneys to remove wastes, concentrate URINE, and maintain ELECTROLYTE BALANCE; BLOOD PRESSURE; and CALCIUM metabolism.		0210
Renal Insufficiency
Conditions in which the KIDNEYS perform below the normal level in the ability to remove wastes, concentrate URINE, and maintain ELECTROLYTE BALANCE; BLOOD PRESSURE; and CALCIUM metabolism. Renal insufficiency can be classified by the degree of kidney damage (as measured by the level of PROTEINURIA) and reduction in GLOMERULAR FILTRATION RATE.		0710
Low Bone Density
[description not available]		06.2872
Bone Diseases, Metabolic
Diseases that affect the METABOLIC PROCESSES of BONE TISSUE.		06.2872
Cancer of Prostate
[description not available]		026.841,192509
Prostatic Neoplasms
Tumors or cancer of the PROSTATE.		133.233,5761,527
Adverse Drug Event
[description not available]		05.14100
Drug-Related Side Effects and Adverse Reactions
Disorders that result from the intended use of PHARMACEUTICAL PREPARATIONS. Included in this heading are a broad variety of chemically-induced adverse conditions due to toxicity, DRUG INTERACTIONS, and metabolic effects of pharmaceuticals.		05.14100
Cardiometabolic Syndrome
A cluster of symptoms that are risk factors for CARDIOVASCULAR DISEASES and TYPE 2 DIABETES MELLITUS. The major components not only include metabolic dysfunctions of METABOLIC SYNDROME but also HYPERTENSION, and ABDOMINAL OBESITY.		02.4820
Benign Neoplasms
[description not available]		04.3570
Neoplasms
New abnormal growth of tissue. Malignant neoplasms show a greater degree of anaplasia and have the properties of invasion and metastasis, compared to benign neoplasms.		16.3570
Metabolic Syndrome
A cluster of symptoms that are risk factors for CARDIOVASCULAR DISEASES and TYPE 2 DIABETES MELLITUS. The major components of metabolic syndrome include ABDOMINAL OBESITY; atherogenic DYSLIPIDEMIA; HYPERTENSION; HYPERGLYCEMIA; INSULIN RESISTANCE; a proinflammatory state; and a prothrombotic (THROMBOSIS) state.		07.4820
Sensitivity and Specificity
Binary classification measures to assess test results. Sensitivity or recall rate is the proportion of true positives. Specificity is the probability of correctly determining the absence of a condition. (From Last, Dictionary of Epidemiology, 2d ed)		05.61171
Acute Liver Injury, Drug-Induced
[description not available]		010.33892
Chemical and Drug Induced Liver Injury
A spectrum of clinical liver diseases ranging from mild biochemical abnormalities to ACUTE LIVER FAILURE, caused by drugs, drug metabolites, herbal and dietary supplements and chemicals from the environment.		010.33892
Parasite Infections
[description not available]		02.0510
Hormone-Dependent Neoplasms
[description not available]		0136016
Lipidoses
Conditions characterized by abnormal lipid deposition due to disturbance in lipid metabolism, such as hereditary diseases involving lysosomal enzymes required for lipid breakdown. They are classified either by the enzyme defect or by the type of lipid involved.		02.0510
Innate Inflammatory Response
[description not available]		03.570
Inflammation
A pathological process characterized by injury or destruction of tissues caused by a variety of cytologic and chemical reactions. It is usually manifested by typical signs of pain, heat, redness, swelling, and loss of function.		08.570
Adenoma, Prostatic
[description not available]		011.83418
Prostatic Hyperplasia
Increase in constituent cells in the PROSTATE, leading to enlargement of the organ (hypertrophy) and adverse impact on the lower urinary tract function. This can be caused by increased rate of cell proliferation, reduced rate of cell death, or both.		011.83418
Encephalitis, Polio
[description not available]		02.0610
Poliomyelitis
An acute infectious disease of humans, particularly children, caused by any of three serotypes of human poliovirus (POLIOVIRUS). Usually the infection is limited to the gastrointestinal tract and nasopharynx, and is often asymptomatic. The central nervous system, primarily the spinal cord, may be affected, leading to rapidly progressive paralysis, coarse FASCICULATION and hyporeflexia. Motor neurons are primarily affected. Encephalitis may also occur. The virus replicates in the nervous system, and may cause significant neuronal loss, most notably in the spinal cord. A rare related condition, nonpoliovirus poliomyelitis, may result from infections with nonpoliovirus enteroviruses. (From Adams et al., Principles of Neurology, 6th ed, pp764-5)		02.0610
Bile Duct Obstruction
[description not available]		03.150
Cholestasis
Impairment of bile flow due to obstruction in small bile ducts (INTRAHEPATIC CHOLESTASIS) or obstruction in large bile ducts (EXTRAHEPATIC CHOLESTASIS).		03.150
Plasmodium falciparum Malaria
[description not available]		02.110
Malaria, Falciparum
Malaria caused by PLASMODIUM FALCIPARUM. This is the severest form of malaria and is associated with the highest levels of parasites in the blood. This disease is characterized by irregularly recurring febrile paroxysms that in extreme cases occur with acute cerebral, renal, or gastrointestinal manifestations.		02.110
Anemia, Fanconi
[description not available]		02.1310
Fanconi Anemia
Congenital disorder affecting all bone marrow elements, resulting in ANEMIA; LEUKOPENIA; and THROMBOPENIA, and associated with cardiac, renal, and limb malformations as well as dermal pigmentary changes. Spontaneous CHROMOSOME BREAKAGE is a feature of this disease along with predisposition to LEUKEMIA. There are at least 7 complementation groups in Fanconi anemia: FANCA, FANCB, FANCC, FANCD1, FANCD2, FANCE, FANCF, FANCG, and FANCL. (from Online Mendelian Inheritance in Man, http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/dispomim.cgi?id=227650, August 20, 2004)		02.1310
Depression
Depressive states usually of moderate intensity in contrast with MAJOR DEPRESSIVE DISORDER present in neurotic and psychotic disorders.		09.5751
Prostatic Diseases
Pathological processes involving the PROSTATE or its component tissues.		02.1510
Contact Dermatitis
[description not available]		02.2110
Disease Models, Animal
Naturally-occurring or experimentally-induced animal diseases with pathological processes analogous to human diseases.		08.35620
Itching
[description not available]		02.4720
Dermatitis, Contact
A type of acute or chronic skin reaction in which sensitivity is manifested by reactivity to materials or substances coming in contact with the skin. It may involve allergic or non-allergic mechanisms.		02.2110
Pruritus
An intense itching sensation that produces the urge to rub or scratch the skin to obtain relief.		02.4720
Androgen-Independent Prostatic Cancer
[description not available]		010.25274
Prostatic Neoplasms, Castration-Resistant
Tumors or cancer of the PROSTATE which can grow in the presence of low or residual amount of androgen hormones such as TESTOSTERONE.		112.25274
Congenital Zika Syndrome
[description not available]		02.2510
Zika Virus Infection
A viral disease transmitted by the bite of AEDES mosquitoes infected with ZIKA VIRUS. Its mild DENGUE-like symptoms include fever, rash, headaches and ARTHRALGIA. The viral infection during pregnancy, in rare cases, is associated with congenital brain and ocular abnormalities, called Congenital Zika Syndrome, including MICROCEPHALY and may also lead to GUILLAIN-BARRE SYNDROME.		02.2510
Cancer of Nasopharynx
[description not available]		05.9491
Angiofibroma
A benign neoplasm of fibrous tissue in which there are numerous small and large, frequently dilated, vascular channels. (Stedman, 25th ed)		05.8781
Nasopharyngeal Neoplasms
Tumors or cancer of the NASOPHARYNX.		05.9491
Aggression
Behavior which may be manifested by destructive and attacking action which is verbal or physical, by covert attitudes of hostility or by obstructionism.		06.56262
Pregnancy
The status during which female mammals carry their developing young (EMBRYOS or FETUSES) in utero before birth, beginning from FERTILIZATION to BIRTH.		012.072034
Alopecia Cicatrisata
[description not available]		09.24142
Alopecia
Absence of hair from areas where it is normally present.		09.24142
Diffuse Parenchymal Lung Disease
[description not available]		02.7430
Lung Diseases, Interstitial
A diverse group of lung diseases that affect the lung parenchyma. They are characterized by an initial inflammation of PULMONARY ALVEOLI that extends to the interstitium and beyond leading to diffuse PULMONARY FIBROSIS. Interstitial lung diseases are classified by their etiology (known or unknown causes), and radiological-pathological features.		02.7430
Muscle Pain
[description not available]		04.5750
Allodynia
[description not available]		04.5460
Myalgia
Painful sensation in the muscles.		04.5750
Burns
Injuries to tissues caused by contact with heat, steam, chemicals (BURNS, CHEMICAL), electricity (BURNS, ELECTRIC), or the like.		02.4720
Polycystic Ovarian Syndrome
[description not available]		017.329445
Polycystic Ovary Syndrome
A complex disorder characterized by infertility, HIRSUTISM; OBESITY; and various menstrual disturbances such as OLIGOMENORRHEA; AMENORRHEA; ANOVULATION. Polycystic ovary syndrome is usually associated with bilateral enlarged ovaries studded with atretic follicles, not with cysts. The term, polycystic ovary, is misleading.		119.329445
Hyperandrogenism
A condition caused by the excessive secretion of ANDROGENS from the ADRENAL CORTEX; the OVARIES; or the TESTES. The clinical significance in males is negligible. In women, the common manifestations are HIRSUTISM and VIRILISM as seen in patients with POLYCYSTIC OVARY SYNDROME and ADRENOCORTICAL HYPERFUNCTION.		012.645323
Amnionitis
[description not available]		02.4110
Group A Strep Infection
[description not available]		02.4110
Chorioamnionitis
INFLAMMATION of the placental membranes (CHORION; AMNION) and connected tissues such as fetal BLOOD VESSELS and UMBILICAL CORD. It is often associated with intrauterine ascending infections during PREGNANCY.		02.4110
Streptococcal Infections
Infections with bacteria of the genus STREPTOCOCCUS.		02.4110
Body Weight
The mass or quantity of heaviness of an individual. It is expressed by units of pounds or kilograms.		016.41726
Sterility, Female
[description not available]		02.4920
Infertility, Female
Diminished or absent ability of a female to achieve conception.		02.4920
Ache
[description not available]		06.49105
Pain
An unpleasant sensation induced by noxious stimuli which are detected by NERVE ENDINGS of NOCICEPTIVE NEURONS.		06.49105
Follicular Thyroid Carcinoma
[description not available]		02.4110
Cancer of the Thyroid
[description not available]		02.4720
Thyroid Neoplasms
Tumors or cancer of the THYROID GLAND.		02.4720
Thyroid Nodule
A small circumscribed mass in the THYROID GLAND that can be of neoplastic growth or non-neoplastic abnormality. It lacks a well-defined capsule or glandular architecture. Thyroid nodules are often benign but can be malignant. The growth of nodules can lead to a multinodular goiter (GOITER, NODULAR).		02.4110
Adenocarcinoma, Follicular
An adenocarcinoma of the thyroid gland, in which the cells are arranged in the form of follicles. (From Dorland, 27th ed)		02.4110
Hirsutism
A condition observed in WOMEN and CHILDREN when there is excess coarse body hair of an adult male distribution pattern, such as facial and chest areas. It is the result of elevated ANDROGENS from the OVARIES, the ADRENAL GLANDS, or exogenous sources. The concept does not include HYPERTRICHOSIS, which is an androgen-independent excessive hair growth.		015.198838
Pain, Chronic
[description not available]		03.5240
Chronic Pain
Aching sensation that persists for more than a few months. It may or may not be associated with trauma or disease, and may persist after the initial injury has healed. Its localization, character, and timing are more vague than with acute pain.		03.5240
Abdominal Cryptorchidism
[description not available]		05.11430
Cirrhosis
[description not available]		03.0340
Fibrosis
Any pathological condition where fibrous connective tissue invades any organ, usually as a consequence of inflammation or other injury.		08.0340
Kidney Diseases
Pathological processes of the KIDNEY or its component tissues.		02.830
Chemical and Drug Induced Liver Injury, Chronic
Liver disease lasting six months or more, caused by an adverse effect of a drug or chemical. The adverse effect may be caused by drugs, drug metabolites, chemicals from the environment, or an idiosyncratic response.		02.4720
Diabetes Mellitus, Adult-Onset
[description not available]		03.9340
Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2
A subclass of DIABETES MELLITUS that is not INSULIN-responsive or dependent (NIDDM). It is characterized initially by INSULIN RESISTANCE and HYPERINSULINEMIA; and eventually by GLUCOSE INTOLERANCE; HYPERGLYCEMIA; and overt diabetes. Type II diabetes mellitus is no longer considered a disease exclusively found in adults. Patients seldom develop KETOSIS but often exhibit OBESITY.		03.9340
Muscle Contraction
A process leading to shortening and/or development of tension in muscle tissue. Muscle contraction occurs by a sliding filament mechanism whereby actin filaments slide inward among the myosin filaments.		03.5380
Acne Inversa
[description not available]		03.6420
Hidradenitis Suppurativa
A chronic suppurative and cicatricial disease of the apocrine glands occurring chiefly in the axillae in women and in the groin and anal regions in men. It is characterized by poral occlusion with secondary bacterial infection, evolving into abscesses which eventually rupture. As the disease becomes chronic, ulcers appear, sinus tracts enlarge, fistulas develop, and fibrosis and scarring become evident.		08.6420
Adenocarcinoma, Basal Cell
[description not available]		021.26299163
Cancer of Pancreas
[description not available]		07.58154
Adenocarcinoma
A malignant epithelial tumor with a glandular organization.		021.26299163
Pancreatic Neoplasms
Tumors or cancer of the PANCREAS. Depending on the types of ISLET CELLS present in the tumors, various hormones can be secreted: GLUCAGON from PANCREATIC ALPHA CELLS; INSULIN from PANCREATIC BETA CELLS; and SOMATOSTATIN from the SOMATOSTATIN-SECRETING CELLS. Most are malignant except the insulin-producing tumors (INSULINOMA).		07.58154
Acute Post-operative Pain
[description not available]		02.2110
Pain, Postoperative
Pain during the period after surgery.		02.2110
Experimental Lung Inflammation
Inflammation of any part, segment or lobe, of the lung parenchyma.		02.4720
Airway Hyper-Responsiveness
[description not available]		02.2110
Pneumonia
Infection of the lung often accompanied by inflammation.		02.4720
Disease Exacerbation
[description not available]		012.366124
Anoxemia
[description not available]		03.250
Hypoxia
Sub-optimal OXYGEN levels in the ambient air of living organisms.		03.250
Feminization
Development of female secondary SEX CHARACTERISTICS in the MALE. It is due to the effects of estrogenic metabolites of precursors from endogenous or exogenous sources, such as ADRENAL GLANDS or therapeutic drugs.		08.3970
Delayed Effects, Prenatal Exposure
[description not available]		09.04792
Hypercapnia
A clinical manifestation of abnormal increase in the amount of carbon dioxide in arterial blood.		02.4320
Complications, Pregnancy
[description not available]		02.4620
Insulin Sensitivity
[description not available]		010.87229
Insulin Resistance
Diminished effectiveness of INSULIN in lowering blood sugar levels: requiring the use of 200 units or more of insulin per day to prevent HYPERGLYCEMIA or KETOSIS.		010.87229
Cochlear Hearing Loss
[description not available]		02.3110
Hearing Loss, Sensorineural
Hearing loss resulting from damage to the COCHLEA and the sensorineural elements which lie internally beyond the oval and round windows. These elements include the AUDITORY NERVE and its connections in the BRAINSTEM.		02.3110
Anemia, Hemolytic, Acquired
[description not available]		02.610
Anemia, Hemolytic
A condition of inadequate circulating red blood cells (ANEMIA) or insufficient HEMOGLOBIN due to premature destruction of red blood cells (ERYTHROCYTES).		02.610
Lower Urinary Tract Symptom
[description not available]		03.5311
Urination Disorders
Abnormalities in the process of URINE voiding, including bladder control, frequency of URINATION, as well as the volume and composition of URINE.		08.2786
Breast Cancer
[description not available]		08.34402
Canine Diseases
[description not available]		02.1710
Animal Mammary Carcinoma
[description not available]		02.4820
Experimental Mammary Neoplasms
[description not available]		04.22180
Breast Neoplasms
Tumors or cancer of the human BREAST.		08.34402
Alcohol Drinking
Behaviors associated with the ingesting of ALCOHOLIC BEVERAGES, including social drinking.		02.730
Endometrioma
An enlarged area of ENDOMETRIOSIS that resembles a tumor. It is usually found in the OVARY. When it is filled with old blood, it is known as a chocolate cyst.		02.1510
Endometriosis
A condition in which functional endometrial tissue is present outside the UTERUS. It is often confined to the PELVIS involving the OVARY, the ligaments, cul-de-sac, and the uterovesical peritoneum.		02.1510
Complication, Postoperative
[description not available]		03.8440
Hypospadias
A birth defect due to malformation of the URETHRA in which the urethral opening is below its normal location. In the male, the malformed urethra generally opens on the ventral surface of the PENIS or on the PERINEUM. In the female, the malformed urethral opening is in the VAGINA.		09.5690
Postoperative Complications
Pathologic processes that affect patients after a surgical procedure. They may or may not be related to the disease for which the surgery was done, and they may or may not be direct results of the surgery.		03.8440
Arrhythmia
[description not available]		02.1510
Cardiac Failure
[description not available]		02.7730
Arrhythmias, Cardiac
Any disturbances of the normal rhythmic beating of the heart or MYOCARDIAL CONTRACTION. Cardiac arrhythmias can be classified by the abnormalities in HEART RATE, disorders of electrical impulse generation, or impulse conduction.		02.1510
Cardiovascular Diseases
Pathological conditions involving the CARDIOVASCULAR SYSTEM including the HEART; the BLOOD VESSELS; or the PERICARDIUM.		08.7127
Heart Failure
A heterogeneous condition in which the heart is unable to pump out sufficient blood to meet the metabolic need of the body. Heart failure can be caused by structural defects, functional abnormalities (VENTRICULAR DYSFUNCTION), or a sudden overload beyond its capacity. Chronic heart failure is more common than acute heart failure which results from sudden insult to cardiac function, such as MYOCARDIAL INFARCTION.		02.7730
Acne
[description not available]		010.95235
Acne Vulgaris
A chronic disorder of the pilosebaceous apparatus associated with an increase in sebum secretion. It is characterized by open comedones (blackheads), closed comedones (whiteheads), and pustular nodules. The cause is unknown, but heredity and age are predisposing factors.		015.95235
Bladder Cancer
[description not available]		09.5690
Urinary Bladder Neoplasms
Tumors or cancer of the URINARY BLADDER.		04.5690
Pachymeningitis
[description not available]		02.4320
Cerebrospinal Fluid Rhinorrhea
Discharge of cerebrospinal fluid through the nose. Common etiologies include trauma, neoplasms, and prior surgery, although the condition may occur spontaneously. (Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg 1997 Apr;116(4):442-9)		02.1710
Meningitis
Inflammation of the coverings of the brain and/or spinal cord, which consist of the PIA MATER; ARACHNOID; and DURA MATER. Infections (viral, bacterial, and fungal) are the most common causes of this condition, but subarachnoid hemorrhage (HEMORRHAGES, SUBARACHNOID), chemical irritation (chemical MENINGITIS), granulomatous conditions, neoplastic conditions (CARCINOMATOUS MENINGITIS), and other inflammatory conditions may produce this syndrome. (From Joynt, Clinical Neurology, 1994, Ch24, p6)		02.4320
Congenital Adrenal Hyperplasia
[description not available]		07.1872
Adrenal Hyperplasia, Congenital
A group of inherited disorders of the ADRENAL GLANDS, caused by enzyme defects in the synthesis of cortisol (HYDROCORTISONE) and/or ALDOSTERONE leading to accumulation of precursors for ANDROGENS. Depending on the hormone imbalance, congenital adrenal hyperplasia can be classified as salt-wasting, hypertensive, virilizing, or feminizing. Defects in STEROID 21-HYDROXYLASE; STEROID 11-BETA-HYDROXYLASE; STEROID 17-ALPHA-HYDROXYLASE; 3-beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase (3-HYDROXYSTEROID DEHYDROGENASES); TESTOSTERONE 5-ALPHA-REDUCTASE; or steroidogenic acute regulatory protein; among others, underlie these disorders.		19.1872
Depression, Endogenous
[description not available]		06.6261
Depressive Disorder
An affective disorder manifested by either a dysphoric mood or loss of interest or pleasure in usual activities. The mood disturbance is prominent and relatively persistent.		06.6261
ALS - Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis
[description not available]		02.2110
Atrophy, Muscle
[description not available]		02.4620
Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis
A degenerative disorder affecting upper MOTOR NEURONS in the brain and lower motor neurons in the brain stem and SPINAL CORD. Disease onset is usually after the age of 50 and the process is usually fatal within 3 to 6 years. Clinical manifestations include progressive weakness, atrophy, FASCICULATION, hyperreflexia, DYSARTHRIA, dysphagia, and eventual paralysis of respiratory function. Pathologic features include the replacement of motor neurons with fibrous ASTROCYTES and atrophy of anterior SPINAL NERVE ROOTS and corticospinal tracts. (From Adams et al., Principles of Neurology, 6th ed, pp1089-94)		02.2110
Muscular Atrophy
Derangement in size and number of muscle fibers occurring with aging, reduction in blood supply, or following immobilization, prolonged weightlessness, malnutrition, and particularly in denervation.		02.4620
Abdominal Aortic Aneurysm
[description not available]		02.5720
Aortic Aneurysm, Abdominal
An abnormal balloon- or sac-like dilatation in the wall of the ABDOMINAL AORTA which gives rise to the visceral, the parietal, and the terminal (iliac) branches below the aortic hiatus at the diaphragm.		02.5720
Angiogenesis, Pathologic
[description not available]		02.7130
Reproductive Sterility
[description not available]		02.2110
Infertility
A reduced or absent capacity to reproduce.		07.2110
Impaired Glucose Tolerance
[description not available]		02.2110
Diseases of Endocrine System
[description not available]		02.4720
Endocrine System Diseases
Pathological processes of the ENDOCRINE GLANDS, and diseases resulting from abnormal level of available HORMONES.		02.4720
Glucose Intolerance
A pathological state in which BLOOD GLUCOSE level is less than approximately 140 mg/100 ml of PLASMA at fasting, and above approximately 200 mg/100 ml plasma at 30-, 60-, or 90-minute during a GLUCOSE TOLERANCE TEST. This condition is seen frequently in DIABETES MELLITUS, but also occurs with other diseases and MALNUTRITION.		02.2110
Auricular Fibrillation
[description not available]		02.2110
Bleeding
[description not available]		03.73100
Atrial Fibrillation
Abnormal cardiac rhythm that is characterized by rapid, uncoordinated firing of electrical impulses in the upper chambers of the heart (HEART ATRIA). In such case, blood cannot be effectively pumped into the lower chambers of the heart (HEART VENTRICLES). It is caused by abnormal impulse generation.		02.2110
Hemorrhage
Bleeding or escape of blood from a vessel.		03.73100
Fetal Growth Restriction
[description not available]		02.5720
Blood Pressure, High
[description not available]		03.6490
Fetal Growth Retardation
Failure of a FETUS to attain expected GROWTH.		02.5720
Hypertension
Persistently high systemic arterial BLOOD PRESSURE. Based on multiple readings (BLOOD PRESSURE DETERMINATION), hypertension is currently defined as when SYSTOLIC PRESSURE is consistently greater than 140 mm Hg or when DIASTOLIC PRESSURE is consistently 90 mm Hg or more.		03.6490
Bone Cancer
[description not available]		012.846125
Bone Neoplasms
Tumors or cancer located in bone tissue or specific BONES.		012.846125
Local Neoplasm Recurrence
[description not available]		016.827251
Metabolic Acidosis
[description not available]		02.0810
Hemorrhagic Shock
[description not available]		04.5490
Injury, Ischemia-Reperfusion
[description not available]		02.4620
Acidosis
A pathologic condition of acid accumulation or depletion of base in the body. The two main types are RESPIRATORY ACIDOSIS and metabolic acidosis, due to metabolic acid build up.		02.0810
Reperfusion Injury
Adverse functional, metabolic, or structural changes in tissues that result from the restoration of blood flow to the tissue (REPERFUSION) following ISCHEMIA.		02.4620
Aging
The gradual irreversible changes in structure and function of an organism that occur as a result of the passage of time.		011.13301
Mole, Skin
[description not available]		02.0810
Cancer of Skin
[description not available]		02.4620
Skin Neoplasms
Tumors or cancer of the SKIN.		02.4620
Cancer of Nose
[description not available]		02.110
Thromboembolism, Venous
[description not available]		0310
Venous Thromboembolism
Obstruction of a vein or VEINS (embolism) by a blood clot (THROMBUS) in the blood stream.		0310
Metastase
[description not available]		012.144825
Neoplasm Metastasis
The transfer of a neoplasm from one organ or part of the body to another remote from the primary site.		012.144825
Endotoxin Shock
[description not available]		03.9310
Shock, Septic
Sepsis associated with HYPOTENSION or hypoperfusion despite adequate fluid resuscitation. Perfusion abnormalities may include but are not limited to LACTIC ACIDOSIS; OLIGURIA; or acute alteration in mental status.		03.9310
Peripheral Nerve Injury
[description not available]		02.110
Peripheral Nerve Injuries
Injuries to the PERIPHERAL NERVES.		02.110
Apoplexy
[description not available]		02.4720
Cerebral Ischemia
[description not available]		02.110
Brain Ischemia
Localized reduction of blood flow to brain tissue due to arterial obstruction or systemic hypoperfusion. This frequently occurs in conjunction with brain hypoxia (HYPOXIA, BRAIN). Prolonged ischemia is associated with BRAIN INFARCTION.		02.110
Stroke
A group of pathological conditions characterized by sudden, non-convulsive loss of neurological function due to BRAIN ISCHEMIA or INTRACRANIAL HEMORRHAGES. Stroke is classified by the type of tissue NECROSIS, such as the anatomic location, vasculature involved, etiology, age of the affected individual, and hemorrhagic vs. non-hemorrhagic nature. (From Adams et al., Principles of Neurology, 6th ed, pp777-810)		02.4720
Breast Pain
[description not available]		07.110
Mastodynia
Pain in the breast generally classified as cyclical (associated with menstrual periods), or noncyclical, i.e. originating from the breast or nearby muscles or joints, ranging from minor discomfort to severely incapacitating.		02.110
Atrophy, Muscular, Spinobulbar
[description not available]		02.4820
Bulbo-Spinal Atrophy, X-Linked
An X-linked recessive form of spinal muscular atrophy. It is due to a mutation of the gene encoding the ANDROGEN RECEPTOR.		02.4820
Familial Precocious Puberty
[description not available]		05.4251
Puberty, Precocious
Development of SEXUAL MATURATION in boys and girls at a chronological age that is 2.5 standard deviations below the mean age at onset of PUBERTY in the population. This early maturation of the hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal axis results in sexual precocity, elevated serum levels of GONADOTROPINS and GONADAL STEROID HORMONES such as ESTRADIOL and TESTOSTERONE.		05.4251
Dyslipidemia
[description not available]		02.110
Compensatory Hyperinsulinemia
A GLUCOSE-induced HYPERINSULINEMIA, a marker of insulin-resistant state. It is a mechanism to compensate for reduced sensitivity to insulin.		08.961814
Hypomenorrhea
[description not available]		04.6432
Hyperinsulinism
A syndrome with excessively high INSULIN levels in the BLOOD. It may cause HYPOGLYCEMIA. Etiology of hyperinsulinism varies, including hypersecretion of a beta cell tumor (INSULINOMA); autoantibodies against insulin (INSULIN ANTIBODIES); defective insulin receptor (INSULIN RESISTANCE); or overuse of exogenous insulin or HYPOGLYCEMIC AGENTS.		013.961814
Obesity
A status with BODY WEIGHT that is grossly above the recommended standards, usually due to accumulation of excess FATS in the body. The standards may vary with age, sex, genetic or cultural background. In the BODY MASS INDEX, a BMI greater than 30.0 kg/m2 is considered obese, and a BMI greater than 40.0 kg/m2 is considered morbidly obese (MORBID OBESITY).		015.471811
Dyslipidemias
Abnormalities in the serum levels of LIPIDS, including overproduction or deficiency. Abnormal serum lipid profiles may include high total CHOLESTEROL, high TRIGLYCERIDES, low HIGH DENSITY LIPOPROTEIN CHOLESTEROL, and elevated LOW DENSITY LIPOPROTEIN CHOLESTEROL.		02.110
Genetic Predisposition
[description not available]		05.0631
Cancer of Ovary
[description not available]		06.2572
Cancer of the Fallopian Tube
[description not available]		04.411
Fallopian Tube Neoplasms
Benign or malignant neoplasms of the FALLOPIAN TUBES. They are uncommon. If they develop, they may be located in the wall or within the lumen as a growth attached to the wall by a stalk.		04.411
Ovarian Neoplasms
Tumors or cancer of the OVARY. These neoplasms can be benign or malignant. They are classified according to the tissue of origin, such as the surface EPITHELIUM, the stromal endocrine cells, and the totipotent GERM CELLS.		18.2572
Cancer of Liver
[description not available]		07.82136
Cancer of Lung
[description not available]		06.57111
Liver Neoplasms
Tumors or cancer of the LIVER.		07.82136
Lung Neoplasms
Tumors or cancer of the LUNG.		06.57111
Cognition Disorders
Disorders characterized by disturbances in mental processes related to learning, thinking, reasoning, and judgment.		02.4520
Menopause
The last menstrual period. Permanent cessation of menses (MENSTRUATION) is usually defined after 6 to 12 months of AMENORRHEA in a woman over 45 years of age. In the United States, menopause generally occurs in women between 48 and 55 years of age.		02.4220
Akinetic-Rigid Variant of Huntington Disease
[description not available]		02.110
Huntington Disease
A familial disorder inherited as an autosomal dominant trait and characterized by the onset of progressive CHOREA and DEMENTIA in the fourth or fifth decade of life. Common initial manifestations include paranoia; poor impulse control; DEPRESSION; HALLUCINATIONS; and DELUSIONS. Eventually intellectual impairment; loss of fine motor control; ATHETOSIS; and diffuse chorea involving axial and limb musculature develops, leading to a vegetative state within 10-15 years of disease onset. The juvenile variant has a more fulminant course including SEIZURES; ATAXIA; dementia; and chorea. (From Adams et al., Principles of Neurology, 6th ed, pp1060-4)		02.110
Bowel Incontinence
[description not available]		03.511
Impotence
[description not available]		011.061711
Fecal Incontinence
Failure of voluntary control of the anal sphincters, with involuntary passage of feces and flatus.		03.511
Erectile Dysfunction
The inability in the male to have a PENILE ERECTION due to psychological or organ dysfunction.		011.061711
Urinary Incontinence
Involuntary loss of URINE, such as leaking of urine. It is a symptom of various underlying pathological processes. Major types of incontinence include URINARY URGE INCONTINENCE and URINARY STRESS INCONTINENCE.		03.8421
Hypotrichosis
Presence of less than the normal amount of hair. (Dorland, 27th ed)		03.0310
Alloxan Diabetes
[description not available]		02.9340
Diabetic Glomerulosclerosis
[description not available]		02.1110
Albuminuria
The presence of albumin in the urine, an indicator of KIDNEY DISEASES.		02.9540
Diabetic Nephropathies
KIDNEY injuries associated with diabetes mellitus and affecting KIDNEY GLOMERULUS; ARTERIOLES; KIDNEY TUBULES; and the interstitium. Clinical signs include persistent PROTEINURIA, from microalbuminuria progressing to ALBUMINURIA of greater than 300 mg/24 h, leading to reduced GLOMERULAR FILTRATION RATE and END-STAGE RENAL DISEASE.		02.1110
Deficiency, Protein
[description not available]		02.1110
Birth Weight
The mass or quantity of heaviness of an individual at BIRTH. It is expressed by units of pounds or kilograms.		02.5220
Ambiguous Genitalia
[description not available]		02.4620
Disorders of Sex Development
In gonochoristic organisms, congenital conditions in which development of chromosomal, gonadal, or anatomical sex is atypical. Effects from exposure to abnormal levels of GONADAL HORMONES in the maternal environment, or disruption of the function of those hormones by ENDOCRINE DISRUPTORS are included.		02.4620
Hepatocellular Carcinoma
[description not available]		05.9293
Carcinoma, Hepatocellular
A primary malignant neoplasm of epithelial liver cells. It ranges from a well-differentiated tumor with EPITHELIAL CELLS indistinguishable from normal HEPATOCYTES to a poorly differentiated neoplasm. The cells may be uniform or markedly pleomorphic, or form GIANT CELLS. Several classification schemes have been suggested.		05.9293
Chloasma
[description not available]		03.9121
Melanosis
Disorders of increased melanin pigmentation that develop without preceding inflammatory disease.		03.9121
Disease Resistance
The capacity of an organism to defend itself against pathological processes or the agents of those processes. This most often involves innate immunity whereby the organism responds to pathogens in a generic way. The term disease resistance is used most frequently when referring to plants.		02.1110
Fish Diseases
Diseases of freshwater, marine, hatchery or aquarium fish. This term includes diseases of both teleosts (true fish) and elasmobranchs (sharks, rays and skates).		02.1110
Fasciolopsiasis
[description not available]		02.1110
Cells, Neoplasm Circulating
[description not available]		04.1131
Invasiveness, Neoplasm
[description not available]		012.843028
Alveolar Bone Atrophy
[description not available]		03.0310
Testicular Diseases
Pathological processes of the TESTIS.		02.9640
Dementia Praecox
[description not available]		02.1110
Schizophrenia
A severe emotional disorder of psychotic depth characteristically marked by a retreat from reality with delusion formation, HALLUCINATIONS, emotional disharmony, and regressive behavior.		02.1110
Airway Remodeling
The structural changes in the number, mass, size and/or composition of the airway tissues.		02.1310
Asthma, Bronchial
[description not available]		02.1310
Asthma
A form of bronchial disorder with three distinct components: airway hyper-responsiveness (RESPIRATORY HYPERSENSITIVITY), airway INFLAMMATION, and intermittent AIRWAY OBSTRUCTION. It is characterized by spasmodic contraction of airway smooth muscle, WHEEZING, and dyspnea (DYSPNEA, PAROXYSMAL).		02.1310
Dermatitis Medicamentosa
[description not available]		03.2660
Actinic Reticuloid Syndrome
[description not available]		03.3970
Cognitive Decline
[description not available]		02.1310
Acute Confusional Senile Dementia
[description not available]		02.4520
Alzheimer Disease
A degenerative disease of the BRAIN characterized by the insidious onset of DEMENTIA. Impairment of MEMORY, judgment, attention span, and problem solving skills are followed by severe APRAXIAS and a global loss of cognitive abilities. The condition primarily occurs after age 60, and is marked pathologically by severe cortical atrophy and the triad of SENILE PLAQUES; NEUROFIBRILLARY TANGLES; and NEUROPIL THREADS. (From Adams et al., Principles of Neurology, 6th ed, pp1049-57)		02.4520
Cognitive Dysfunction
Diminished or impaired mental and/or intellectual function.		02.1310
Cancer of Salivary Gland
[description not available]		02.1310
Salivary Gland Neoplasms
Tumors or cancer of the SALIVARY GLANDS.		02.1310
T-Cell Lymphoma
[description not available]		02.4420
Lymphoma, T-Cell
A group of heterogeneous lymphoid tumors representing malignant transformations of T-lymphocytes.		02.4420
Exertional Heat Illness
[description not available]		02.0410
Hepatitis
INFLAMMATION of the LIVER.		02.0410
Autoimmune Diabetes
[description not available]		02.0410
Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1
A subtype of DIABETES MELLITUS that is characterized by INSULIN deficiency. It is manifested by the sudden onset of severe HYPERGLYCEMIA, rapid progression to DIABETIC KETOACIDOSIS, and DEATH unless treated with insulin. The disease may occur at any age, but is most common in childhood or adolescence.		02.0410
Esophageal Hernia
[description not available]		02.0510
Gastroduodenal Ulcer
[description not available]		02.0510
Diarrhea
An increased liquidity or decreased consistency of FECES, such as running stool. Fecal consistency is related to the ratio of water-holding capacity of insoluble solids to total water, rather than the amount of water present. Diarrhea is not hyperdefecation or increased fecal weight.		011.64106
Glaucoma
An ocular disease, occurring in many forms, having as its primary characteristics an unstable or a sustained increase in the intraocular pressure which the eye cannot withstand without damage to its structure or impairment of its function. The consequences of the increased pressure may be manifested in a variety of symptoms, depending upon type and severity, such as excavation of the optic disk, hardness of the eyeball, corneal anesthesia, reduced visual acuity, seeing of colored halos around lights, disturbed dark adaptation, visual field defects, and headaches. (Dictionary of Visual Science, 4th ed)		02.0510
Peptic Ulcer
Ulcer that occurs in the regions of the GASTROINTESTINAL TRACT which come into contact with GASTRIC JUICE containing PEPSIN and GASTRIC ACID. It occurs when there are defects in the MUCOSA barrier. The common forms of peptic ulcers are associated with HELICOBACTER PYLORI and the consumption of nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDS).		02.0510
Neuroblastoma
A common neoplasm of early childhood arising from neural crest cells in the sympathetic nervous system, and characterized by diverse clinical behavior, ranging from spontaneous remission to rapid metastatic progression and death. This tumor is the most common intraabdominal malignancy of childhood, but it may also arise from thorax, neck, or rarely occur in the central nervous system. Histologic features include uniform round cells with hyperchromatic nuclei arranged in nests and separated by fibrovascular septa. Neuroblastomas may be associated with the opsoclonus-myoclonus syndrome. (From DeVita et al., Cancer: Principles and Practice of Oncology, 5th ed, pp2099-2101; Curr Opin Oncol 1998 Jan;10(1):43-51)		02.7230
Liver Dysfunction
[description not available]		04.93140
Liver Diseases
Pathological processes of the LIVER.		04.93140
Drug Withdrawal Symptoms
[description not available]		08.39162
Substance Withdrawal Syndrome
Physiological and psychological symptoms associated with withdrawal from the use of a drug after prolonged administration or habituation. The concept includes withdrawal from smoking or drinking, as well as withdrawal from an administered drug.		08.39162
Morphine Abuse
[description not available]		02.0410
Morphine Dependence
Strong dependence, both physiological and emotional, upon morphine.		02.0410
Neoplasms, Bone Marrow
[description not available]		02.4220
Bone Marrow Neoplasms
Neoplasms located in the bone marrow. They are differentiated from neoplasms composed of bone marrow cells, such as MULTIPLE MYELOMA. Most bone marrow neoplasms are metastatic.		02.4220
Allergic Contact Dermatitis
[description not available]		02.0410
Dermatitis, Occupational
A recurrent contact dermatitis caused by substances found in the work place.		02.0410
Dermatitis, Allergic Contact
A contact dermatitis due to allergic sensitization to various substances. These substances subsequently produce inflammatory reactions in the skin of those who have acquired hypersensitivity to them as a result of prior exposure.		02.0410
Cerebral Infarction, Middle Cerebral Artery
[description not available]		02.0510
Infarction, Middle Cerebral Artery
NECROSIS occurring in the MIDDLE CEREBRAL ARTERY distribution system which brings blood to the entire lateral aspects of each CEREBRAL HEMISPHERE. Clinical signs include impaired cognition; APHASIA; AGRAPHIA; weak and numbness in the face and arms, contralaterally or bilaterally depending on the infarction.		02.0510
Injuries, Radiation
[description not available]		07.1972
Age-Related Osteoporosis
[description not available]		06.8593
Osteoporosis
Reduction of bone mass without alteration in the composition of bone, leading to fractures. Primary osteoporosis can be of two major types: postmenopausal osteoporosis (OSTEOPOROSIS, POSTMENOPAUSAL) and age-related or senile osteoporosis.		06.8593
Hyperplasia
An increase in the number of cells in a tissue or organ without tumor formation. It differs from HYPERTROPHY, which is an increase in bulk without an increase in the number of cells.		03.8440
Lymph Node Metastasis
[description not available]		012.13418
Necrosis
The death of cells in an organ or tissue due to disease, injury or failure of the blood supply.		07.730
Weight Reduction
[description not available]		03.3520
Weight Loss
Decrease in existing BODY WEIGHT.		03.3520
Cardiac Diseases
[description not available]		012.592525
Heart Diseases
Pathological conditions involving the HEART including its structural and functional abnormalities.		012.592525
Anemia, Hypoplastic
[description not available]		04.9140
Dyskeratosis Congenita, X-Linked
[description not available]		04.9140
Anemia, Aplastic
A form of anemia in which the bone marrow fails to produce adequate numbers of peripheral blood elements.		04.9140
Dyskeratosis Congenita
A predominantly X-linked recessive syndrome characterized by a triad of reticular skin pigmentation, nail dystrophy and leukoplakia of mucous membranes. Oral and dental abnormalities may also be present. Complications are a predisposition to malignancy and bone marrow involvement with pancytopenia. (from Int J Paediatr Dent 2000 Dec;10(4):328-34) The X-linked form is also known as Zinsser-Cole-Engman syndrome and involves the gene which encodes a highly conserved protein called dyskerin.		04.9140
Cyst
[description not available]		02.0510
Injury, Myocardial Reperfusion
[description not available]		02.4420
Anovulation
Suspension or cessation of OVULATION in animals or humans with follicle-containing ovaries (OVARIAN FOLLICLE). Depending on the etiology, OVULATION may be induced with appropriate therapy.		04.3141
Absence Seizure
[description not available]		04.0550
Seizures
Clinical or subclinical disturbances of cortical function due to a sudden, abnormal, excessive, and disorganized discharge of brain cells. Clinical manifestations include abnormal motor, sensory and psychic phenomena. Recurrent seizures are usually referred to as EPILEPSY or seizure disorder.		09.0550
Acute Lymphoid Leukemia
[description not available]		02.0510
Precursor Cell Lymphoblastic Leukemia-Lymphoma
A neoplasm characterized by abnormalities of the lymphoid cell precursors leading to excessive lymphoblasts in the marrow and other organs. It is the most common cancer in children and accounts for the vast majority of all childhood leukemias.		02.0510
Androgen Insensitivity Syndrome
[description not available]		03.5180
Gonadal Agenesis
The complete failure of gonadal development.		02.4520
Gingival Overgrowth
Excessive growth of the gingiva either by an increase in the size of the constituent cells (GINGIVAL HYPERTROPHY) or by an increase in their number (GINGIVAL HYPERPLASIA). (From Jablonski's Dictionary of Dentistry, 1992, p574)		02.0510
Anxiety
Feelings or emotions of dread, apprehension, and impending disaster but not disabling as with ANXIETY DISORDERS.		09.7971
Acrocephaly
Premature closing of the lambdoid and coronal sutures.		02.4620
Craniosynostoses
Premature closure of one or more CRANIAL SUTURES. It often results in plagiocephaly. Craniosynostoses that involve multiple sutures are sometimes associated with congenital syndromes such as ACROCEPHALOSYNDACTYLIA; and CRANIOFACIAL DYSOSTOSIS.		02.4620
Minimal Disease, Residual
[description not available]		03.8221
Carcinoma, Anaplastic
[description not available]		09.273311
Carcinoma
A malignant neoplasm made up of epithelial cells tending to infiltrate the surrounding tissues and give rise to metastases. It is a histological type of neoplasm and not a synonym for cancer.		111.273311
Ureteral Calculi
Stones in the URETER that are formed in the KIDNEY. They are rarely more than 5 mm in diameter for larger renal stones cannot enter ureters. They are often lodged at the ureteral narrowing and can cause excruciating renal colic.		02.0610
Dermatitis Seborrheica
[description not available]		04.8642
Dermatitis, Seborrheic
A chronic inflammatory disease of the skin with unknown etiology. It is characterized by moderate ERYTHEMA, dry, moist, or greasy (SEBACEOUS GLAND) scaling and yellow crusted patches on various areas, especially the scalp, that exfoliate as dandruff. Seborrheic dermatitis is common in children and adolescents with HIV INFECTIONS.		04.8642
Remission, Spontaneous
A spontaneous diminution or abatement of a disease over time, without formal treatment.		03.7721
B-Cell Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia
[description not available]		02.0610
Multiple Primary Neoplasms
[description not available]		02.4420
Leukemia, Lymphocytic, Chronic, B-Cell
A chronic leukemia characterized by abnormal B-lymphocytes and often generalized lymphadenopathy. In patients presenting predominately with blood and bone marrow involvement it is called chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL); in those predominately with enlarged lymph nodes it is called small lymphocytic lymphoma. These terms represent spectrums of the same disease.		02.0610
Blood Poisoning
[description not available]		03.3420
Injuries, Multiple
[description not available]		02.9810
Sepsis
Systemic inflammatory response syndrome with a proven or suspected infectious etiology. When sepsis is associated with organ dysfunction distant from the site of infection, it is called severe sepsis. When sepsis is accompanied by HYPOTENSION despite adequate fluid infusion, it is called SEPTIC SHOCK.		03.3420
Experimental Hepatoma
[description not available]		02.4720
Genital Diseases, Male
Pathological processes involving the male reproductive tract (GENITALIA, MALE).		04.131
Swine Diseases
Diseases of domestic swine and of the wild boar of the genus Sus.		03.4511
Hematuria
Presence of blood in the urine.		04.131
Hematospermia
[description not available]		03.4511
Intraepithelial Prostatic Neoplasia
[description not available]		07.19104
Cell Transformation, Neoplastic
Cell changes manifested by escape from control mechanisms, increased growth potential, alterations in the cell surface, karyotypic abnormalities, morphological and biochemical deviations from the norm, and other attributes conferring the ability to invade, metastasize, and kill.		03.2560
Prostatic Intraepithelial Neoplasia
A premalignant change arising in the prostatic epithelium, regarded as the most important and most likely precursor of prostatic adenocarcinoma. The neoplasia takes the form of an intra-acinar or ductal proliferation of secretory cells with unequivocal nuclear anaplasia, which corresponds to nuclear grade 2 and 3 invasive prostate cancer.		07.19104
Muscle Relaxation
That phase of a muscle twitch during which a muscle returns to a resting position.		02.4420
Overweight
A status with BODY WEIGHT that is above certain standards. In the scale of BODY MASS INDEX, overweight is defined as having a BMI of 25.0-29.9 kg/m2. Overweight may or may not be due to increases in body fat (ADIPOSE TISSUE), hence overweight does not equal over fat.		02.0610
Phimosis
A condition in which the FORESKIN cannot be retracted to reveal the GLANS PENIS. It is due to tightness or narrowing of the foreskin opening.		02.0710
Fibroid
[description not available]		02.0710
Cancer of the Uterus
[description not available]		02.0710
Leiomyoma
A benign tumor derived from smooth muscle tissue, also known as a fibroid tumor. They rarely occur outside of the UTERUS and the GASTROINTESTINAL TRACT but can occur in the SKIN and SUBCUTANEOUS TISSUE, probably arising from the smooth muscle of small blood vessels in these tissues.		02.0710
Uterine Neoplasms
Tumors or cancer of the UTERUS.		02.0710
Chronic Lung Injury
[description not available]		02.0610
Cancer of Testis
[description not available]		03.2660
Testicular Neoplasms
Tumors or cancer of the TESTIS. Germ cell tumors (GERMINOMA) of the testis constitute 95% of all testicular neoplasms.		03.2660
Bone Fractures
[description not available]		03.8221
Fractures, Bone
Breaks in bones.		03.8221
Heatstroke
[description not available]		07.0710
Heat Stroke
A condition caused by the failure of body to dissipate heat in an excessively hot environment or during PHYSICAL EXERTION in a hot environment. Contrast to HEAT EXHAUSTION, the body temperature in heat stroke patient is dangerously high with red, hot skin accompanied by DELUSIONS; CONVULSIONS; or COMA. It can be a life-threatening emergency and is most common in infants and the elderly.		02.0710
Corpus Luteum Cyst
[description not available]		02.3920
Ovarian Cysts
General term for CYSTS and cystic diseases of the OVARY.		02.3920
Atrophy
Decrease in the size of a cell, tissue, organ, or multiple organs, associated with a variety of pathological conditions such as abnormal cellular changes, ischemia, malnutrition, or hormonal changes.		03.0950
Cancer of Colon
[description not available]		02.9140
Colonic Neoplasms
Tumors or cancer of the COLON.		02.9140
Acute Kidney Failure
[description not available]		02.6930
Acute Kidney Injury
Abrupt reduction in kidney function. Acute kidney injury encompasses the entire spectrum of the syndrome including acute kidney failure; ACUTE KIDNEY TUBULAR NECROSIS; and other less severe conditions.		02.6930
Allergic Alveolitis, Extrinsic
[description not available]		02.0110
Alveolitis, Extrinsic Allergic
A common interstitial lung disease caused by hypersensitivity reactions of PULMONARY ALVEOLI after inhalation of and sensitization to environmental antigens of microbial, animal, or chemical sources. The disease is characterized by lymphocytic alveolitis and granulomatous pneumonitis.		02.0110
Injuries, Spinal Cord
[description not available]		02.0110
Spinal Cord Injuries
Penetrating and non-penetrating injuries to the spinal cord resulting from traumatic external forces (e.g., WOUNDS, GUNSHOT; WHIPLASH INJURIES; etc.).		02.0110
Adult Spinal Muscular Atrophy
[description not available]		03.3320
Muscular Atrophy, Spinal
A group of disorders marked by progressive degeneration of motor neurons in the spinal cord resulting in weakness and muscular atrophy, usually without evidence of injury to the corticospinal tracts. Diseases in this category include Werdnig-Hoffmann disease and later onset SPINAL MUSCULAR ATROPHIES OF CHILDHOOD, most of which are hereditary. (Adams et al., Principles of Neurology, 6th ed, p1089)		03.3320
Recrudescence
[description not available]		04.6432
Hyperlipemia
[description not available]		06.1443
Hyperlipidemias
Conditions with excess LIPIDS in the blood.		06.1443
Left Ventricular Hypertrophy
[description not available]		02.0110
Hypertrophy, Left Ventricular
Enlargement of the LEFT VENTRICLE of the heart. This increase in ventricular mass is attributed to sustained abnormal pressure or volume loads and is a contributor to cardiovascular morbidity and mortality.		02.0110
Libman-Sacks Disease
[description not available]		02.6930
Lupus Erythematosus, Systemic
A chronic, relapsing, inflammatory, and often febrile multisystemic disorder of connective tissue, characterized principally by involvement of the skin, joints, kidneys, and serosal membranes. It is of unknown etiology, but is thought to represent a failure of the regulatory mechanisms of the autoimmune system. The disease is marked by a wide range of system dysfunctions, an elevated erythrocyte sedimentation rate, and the formation of LE cells in the blood or bone marrow.		02.6930
Chronic Illness
[description not available]		02.4120
Acute Edematous Pancreatitis
[description not available]		02.0110
Chronic Disease
Diseases which have one or more of the following characteristics: they are permanent, leave residual disability, are caused by nonreversible pathological alteration, require special training of the patient for rehabilitation, or may be expected to require a long period of supervision, observation, or care (Dictionary of Health Services Management, 2d ed). For epidemiological studies chronic disease often includes HEART DISEASES; STROKE; CANCER; and diabetes (DIABETES MELLITUS, TYPE 2).		02.4120
Pancreatitis
INFLAMMATION of the PANCREAS. Pancreatitis is classified as acute unless there are computed tomographic or endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatographic findings of CHRONIC PANCREATITIS (International Symposium on Acute Pancreatitis, Atlanta, 1992). The two most common forms of acute pancreatitis are ALCOHOLIC PANCREATITIS and gallstone pancreatitis.		02.0110
Cholera Infantum
[description not available]		03.8440
Atrophic Muscular Disorders
[description not available]		02.0110
Cancer of Penis
[description not available]		02.0110
Cavernitis, Fibrous
[description not available]		02.0110
Penile Induration
A condition characterized by hardening of the PENIS due to the formation of fibrous plaques on the dorsolateral aspect of the PENIS, usually involving the membrane (tunica albuginea) surrounding the erectile tissue (corpus cavernosum penis). This may eventually cause a painful deformity of the shaft or constriction of the urethra, or both.		02.0110
Penile Neoplasms
Cancers or tumors of the PENIS or of its component tissues.		02.0110
Priapism
A prolonged painful erection that may lasts hours and is not associated with sexual activity. It is seen in patients with SICKLE CELL ANEMIA, advanced malignancy, spinal trauma; and certain drug treatments.		02.4120
Malignant Melanoma
[description not available]		02.420
Melanoma
A malignant neoplasm derived from cells that are capable of forming melanin, which may occur in the skin of any part of the body, in the eye, or, rarely, in the mucous membranes of the genitalia, anus, oral cavity, or other sites. It occurs mostly in adults and may originate de novo or from a pigmented nevus or malignant lentigo. Melanomas frequently metastasize widely, and the regional lymph nodes, liver, lungs, and brain are likely to be involved. The incidence of malignant skin melanomas is rising rapidly in all parts of the world. (Stedman, 25th ed; from Rook et al., Textbook of Dermatology, 4th ed, p2445)		02.420
Carcinoma, Neuroendocrine
A group of carcinomas which share a characteristic morphology, often being composed of clusters and trabecular sheets of round blue cells, granular chromatin, and an attenuated rim of poorly demarcated cytoplasm. Neuroendocrine tumors include carcinoids, small (oat) cell carcinomas, medullary carcinoma of the thyroid, Merkel cell tumor, cutaneous neuroendocrine carcinoma, pancreatic islet cell tumors, and pheochromocytoma. Neurosecretory granules are found within the tumor cells. (Segen, Dictionary of Modern Medicine, 1992)		02.0110
Cancer of Granulosa Cells
[description not available]		02.0110
Sertoli Cell Tumor
Gonadal neoplasm composed entirely of SERTOLI CELLS or may have a component of GRANULOSA CELLS. Some of the Sertoli cell tumors produce ESTROGEN or ANDROGENS, but seldom in sufficient quantity to cause clinical symptoms such as FEMINIZATION or masculinization (VIRILISM).		02.0110
Cachexia
General ill health, malnutrition, and weight loss, usually associated with chronic disease.		02.0110
Soft Tissue Neoplasms
Neoplasms of whatever cell type or origin, occurring in the extraskeletal connective tissue framework of the body including the organs of locomotion and their various component structures, such as nerves, blood vessels, lymphatics, etc.		06.3844
Carcinoma, Transitional Cell
A malignant neoplasm derived from TRANSITIONAL EPITHELIAL CELLS, occurring chiefly in the URINARY BLADDER; URETERS; or RENAL PELVIS.		02.0110
Cancer, Embryonal
[description not available]		02.0110
Cancer, Second Primary
[description not available]		04.0731
Neoplasms, Germ Cell and Embryonal
Neoplasms composed of primordial GERM CELLS of embryonic GONADS or of elements of the germ layers of the EMBRYO, MAMMALIAN. The concept does not refer to neoplasms located in the gonads or present in an embryo or FETUS.		02.0110
Ovarian Diseases
Pathological processes of the OVARY.		04.3722
Cardiac Hypertrophy
Enlargement of the HEART due to chamber HYPERTROPHY, an increase in wall thickness without an increase in the number of cells (MYOCYTES, CARDIAC). It is the result of increase in myocyte size, mitochondrial and myofibrillar mass, as well as changes in extracellular matrix.		02.0210
Cardiomegaly
Enlargement of the HEART, usually indicated by a cardiothoracic ratio above 0.50. Heart enlargement may involve the right, the left, or both HEART VENTRICLES or HEART ATRIA. Cardiomegaly is a nonspecific symptom seen in patients with chronic systolic heart failure (HEART FAILURE) or several forms of CARDIOMYOPATHIES.		02.0210
Interstitial Cell Tumor
[description not available]		02.0210
Complications of Diabetes Mellitus
[description not available]		02.0210
Biliary Cirrhosis
[description not available]		02.9310
Hepatic Failure
[description not available]		08.8340
Liver Cirrhosis, Biliary
FIBROSIS of the hepatic parenchyma due to obstruction of BILE flow (CHOLESTASIS) in the intrahepatic or extrahepatic bile ducts (BILE DUCTS, INTRAHEPATIC; BILE DUCTS, EXTRAHEPATIC). Primary biliary cholangitis involves the destruction of small intra-hepatic bile ducts and decreased bile secretion. Secondary biliary cholangitis is produced by prolonged obstruction of large intrahepatic or extrahepatic bile ducts from a variety of causes.		02.9310
Liver Failure
Severe inability of the LIVER to perform its normal metabolic functions, as evidenced by severe JAUNDICE and abnormal serum levels of AMMONIA; BILIRUBIN; ALKALINE PHOSPHATASE; ASPARTATE AMINOTRANSFERASE; LACTATE DEHYDROGENASES; and albumin/globulin ratio. (Blakiston's Gould Medical Dictionary, 4th ed)		03.8340
Encephalopathy, Hepatic
[description not available]		04.7670
Tumour Lysis Syndrome
[description not available]		02.4320
Hepatic Encephalopathy
A syndrome characterized by central nervous system dysfunction in association with LIVER FAILURE, including portal-systemic shunts. Clinical features include lethargy and CONFUSION (frequently progressing to COMA); ASTERIXIS; NYSTAGMUS, PATHOLOGIC; brisk oculovestibular reflexes; decorticate and decerebrate posturing; MUSCLE SPASTICITY; and bilateral extensor plantar reflexes (see REFLEX, BABINSKI). ELECTROENCEPHALOGRAPHY may demonstrate triphasic waves. (From Adams et al., Principles of Neurology, 6th ed, pp1117-20; Plum & Posner, Diagnosis of Stupor and Coma, 3rd ed, p222-5)		09.7670
Tumor Lysis Syndrome
A syndrome resulting from cytotoxic therapy, occurring generally in aggressive, rapidly proliferating lymphoproliferative disorders. It is characterized by combinations of hyperuricemia, lactic acidosis, hyperkalemia, hyperphosphatemia and hypocalcemia.		02.4320
Jaundice, Cholestatic
[description not available]		02.0110
Paraneoplastic Syndromes
In patients with neoplastic diseases a wide variety of clinical pictures which are indirect and usually remote effects produced by tumor cell metabolites or other products.		02.0110
Jaundice, Obstructive
Jaundice, the condition with yellowish staining of the skin and mucous membranes, that is due to impaired BILE flow in the BILIARY TRACT, such as INTRAHEPATIC CHOLESTASIS, or EXTRAHEPATIC CHOLESTASIS.		02.0110
Breathlessness
[description not available]		02.0210
Cough
A sudden, audible expulsion of air from the lungs through a partially closed glottis, preceded by inhalation. It is a protective response that serves to clear the trachea, bronchi, and/or lungs of irritants and secretions, or to prevent aspiration of foreign materials into the lungs.		02.0210
Dyspnea
Difficult or labored breathing.		02.0210
Hypergonadotropic Hypogonadism
[description not available]		04.0731
Hypogonadism
Condition resulting from deficient gonadal functions, such as GAMETOGENESIS and the production of GONADAL STEROID HORMONES. It is characterized by delay in GROWTH, germ cell maturation, and development of secondary sex characteristics. Hypogonadism can be due to a deficiency of GONADOTROPINS (hypogonadotropic hypogonadism) or due to primary gonadal failure (hypergonadotropic hypogonadism).		04.0731
Vitiligo
A disorder consisting of areas of macular depigmentation, commonly on extensor aspects of extremities, on the face or neck, and in skin folds. Age of onset is often in young adulthood and the condition tends to progress gradually with lesions enlarging and extending until a quiescent state is reached.		07.9240
Dermatitis, Contact, Photoallergic
[description not available]		02.6930
Anxiety Neuroses
[description not available]		03.411
Anxiety Disorders
Persistent and disabling ANXIETY.		03.411
Hangman Fracture
[description not available]		02.0210
Spinal Fractures
Broken bones in the vertebral column.		02.0210
Arteriosclerosis
Thickening and loss of elasticity of the walls of ARTERIES of all sizes. There are many forms classified by the types of lesions and arteries involved, such as ATHEROSCLEROSIS with fatty lesions in the ARTERIAL INTIMA of medium and large muscular arteries.		04.6532
Female Genital Diseases
[description not available]		02.0210
Abnormalities, Drug-Induced
Congenital abnormalities caused by medicinal substances or drugs of abuse given to or taken by the mother, or to which she is inadvertently exposed during the manufacture of such substances. The concept excludes abnormalities resulting from exposure to non-medicinal chemicals in the environment.		03.3870
Genital Diseases, Female
Pathological processes involving the female reproductive tract (GENITALIA, FEMALE).		02.0210
Heart Disease, Ischemic
[description not available]		02.0210
Myocardial Ischemia
A disorder of cardiac function caused by insufficient blood flow to the muscle tissue of the heart. The decreased blood flow may be due to narrowing of the coronary arteries (CORONARY ARTERY DISEASE), to obstruction by a thrombus (CORONARY THROMBOSIS), or less commonly, to diffuse narrowing of arterioles and other small vessels within the heart. Severe interruption of the blood supply to the myocardial tissue may result in necrosis of cardiac muscle (MYOCARDIAL INFARCTION).		02.0210
Anemia
A reduction in the number of circulating ERYTHROCYTES or in the quantity of HEMOGLOBIN.		011.0361
Bulbar Palsy
[description not available]		02.9310
Manganese Poisoning
Manganese poisoning is associated with chronic inhalation of manganese particles by individuals who work with manganese ore. Clinical features include CONFUSION; HALLUCINATIONS; and an extrapyramidal syndrome (PARKINSON DISEASE, SECONDARY) that includes rigidity; DYSTONIA; retropulsion; and TREMOR. (Adams, Principles of Neurology, 6th ed, p1213)		02.9310
Binge Eating
[description not available]		03.7921
Bulimia
Eating an excess amount of food in a short period of time, as seen in the disorder of BULIMIA NERVOSA. It is caused by an abnormal craving for food, or insatiable hunger also known as ox hunger.		03.7921
Inappropriate GH Secretion Syndrome (Acromegaly)
[description not available]		02.0210
Albright Syndrome
[description not available]		02.0210
Acromegaly
A condition caused by prolonged exposure to excessive HUMAN GROWTH HORMONE in adults. It is characterized by bony enlargement of the FACE; lower jaw (PROGNATHISM); hands; FEET; HEAD; and THORAX. The most common etiology is a GROWTH HORMONE-SECRETING PITUITARY ADENOMA. (From Joynt, Clinical Neurology, 1992, Ch36, pp79-80)		02.0210
Fibrous Dysplasia, Polyostotic
FIBROUS DYSPLASIA OF BONE affecting several bones. When melanotic pigmentation (CAFE-AU-LAIT SPOTS) and multiple endocrine hyperfunction are additionally associated it is referred to as Albright syndrome.		02.0210
Adolescent Gynecomastia
[description not available]		05.98103
Gynecomastia
Enlargement of the BREAST in the males, caused by an excess of ESTROGENS. Physiological gynecomastia is normally observed in NEWBORNS; ADOLESCENT; and AGING males.		010.98103
ADPKD
[description not available]		02.0210
Polycystic Kidney, Autosomal Dominant
Kidney disorders with autosomal dominant inheritance and characterized by multiple CYSTS in both KIDNEYS with progressive deterioration of renal function.		02.0210
Cocaine Abuse
[description not available]		04.8840
Cocaine-Related Disorders
Disorders related or resulting from use of cocaine.		04.8840
Hepatitis B Virus Infection
[description not available]		02.0210
Hepatitis B
INFLAMMATION of the LIVER in humans caused by a member of the ORTHOHEPADNAVIRUS genus, HEPATITIS B VIRUS. It is primarily transmitted by parenteral exposure, such as transfusion of contaminated blood or blood products, but can also be transmitted via sexual or intimate personal contact.		02.0210
Coagulation Disorders, Blood
[description not available]		02.0210
Coagulation, Disseminated Intravascular
[description not available]		03.630
Blood Coagulation Disorders
Hemorrhagic and thrombotic disorders that occur as a consequence of abnormalities in blood coagulation due to a variety of factors such as COAGULATION PROTEIN DISORDERS; BLOOD PLATELET DISORDERS; BLOOD PROTEIN DISORDERS or nutritional conditions.		02.0210
Disseminated Intravascular Coagulation
A disorder characterized by procoagulant substances entering the general circulation causing a systemic thrombotic process. The activation of the clotting mechanism may arise from any of a number of disorders. A majority of the patients manifest skin lesions, sometimes leading to PURPURA FULMINANS.		03.630
Wounds, Penetrating
Wounds caused by objects penetrating the skin.		02.0210
Male Genitourinary Diseases
[description not available]		02.0210
Abdominal Injuries
General or unspecified injuries involving organs in the abdominal cavity.		02.4420
Bladder Neck Obstruction
[description not available]		03.630
Androgenization
[description not available]		02.0210
Bone Loss, Osteoclastic
[description not available]		05.451
Cancer of Stomach
[description not available]		02.0210
Angiitis
[description not available]		07.0210
Stomach Neoplasms
Tumors or cancer of the STOMACH.		02.0210
Vasculitis
Inflammation of any one of the blood vessels, including the ARTERIES; VEINS; and rest of the vasculature system in the body.		02.0210
Carcinoma, Intraepithelial
[description not available]		04.0731
Carcinoma in Situ
A lesion with cytological characteristics associated with invasive carcinoma but the tumor cells are confined to the epithelium of origin, without invasion of the basement membrane.		04.0731
Hypertrophy
General increase in bulk of a part or organ due to CELL ENLARGEMENT and accumulation of FLUIDS AND SECRETIONS, not due to tumor formation, nor to an increase in the number of cells (HYPERPLASIA).		02.4120
Injuries
Used with anatomic headings, animals, and sports for wounds and injuries. Excludes cell damage, for which pathology is used.		04.3170
Wounds and Injuries
Damage inflicted on the body as the direct or indirect result of an external force, with or without disruption of structural continuity.		04.3170
Atherogenesis
[description not available]		02.0310
Atherosclerosis
A thickening and loss of elasticity of the walls of ARTERIES that occurs with formation of ATHEROSCLEROTIC PLAQUES within the ARTERIAL INTIMA.		02.0310
Body Weight, Fetal
[description not available]		02.0310
Osseous Paget's Disease
[description not available]		02.0310
Osteitis Deformans
A disease marked by repeated episodes of increased bone resorption followed by excessive attempts at repair, resulting in weakened, deformed bones of increased mass. The resultant architecture of the bone assumes a mosaic pattern in which the fibers take on a haphazard pattern instead of the normal parallel symmetry.		02.0310
Bile Duct Obstruction, Intrahepatic
[description not available]		02.6930
Cholestasis, Intrahepatic
Impairment of bile flow due to injury to the HEPATOCYTES; BILE CANALICULI; or the intrahepatic bile ducts (BILE DUCTS, INTRAHEPATIC).		02.6930
Dermatitis, Contact, Phototoxic
[description not available]		02.0310
Rheumatoid Arthritis
[description not available]		02.0310
Arthritis, Rheumatoid
A chronic systemic disease, primarily of the joints, marked by inflammatory changes in the synovial membranes and articular structures, widespread fibrinoid degeneration of the collagen fibers in mesenchymal tissues, and by atrophy and rarefaction of bony structures. Etiology is unknown, but autoimmune mechanisms have been implicated.		02.0310
Carcinoma, Oat Cell
[description not available]		02.0310
Carcinoma, Small Cell
An anaplastic, highly malignant, and usually bronchogenic carcinoma composed of small ovoid cells with scanty neoplasm. It is characterized by a dominant, deeply basophilic nucleus, and absent or indistinct nucleoli. (From Stedman, 25th ed; Holland et al., Cancer Medicine, 3d ed, p1286-7)		02.0310
Acute Disease
Disease having a short and relatively severe course.		04.5290
Erythema
Redness of the skin produced by congestion of the capillaries. This condition may result from a variety of disease processes.		03.4211
Brain Damage, Chronic
A condition characterized by long-standing brain dysfunction or damage, usually of three months duration or longer. Potential etiologies include BRAIN INFARCTION; certain NEURODEGENERATIVE DISORDERS; CRANIOCEREBRAL TRAUMA; ANOXIA, BRAIN; ENCEPHALITIS; certain NEUROTOXICITY SYNDROMES; metabolic disorders (see BRAIN DISEASES, METABOLIC); and other conditions.		02.0410
Chemical Dependence
[description not available]		02.0410
Age-Related Memory Disorders
[description not available]		02.0410
Memory Disorders
Disturbances in registering an impression, in the retention of an acquired impression, or in the recall of an impression. Memory impairments are associated with DEMENTIA; CRANIOCEREBRAL TRAUMA; ENCEPHALITIS; ALCOHOLISM (see also ALCOHOL AMNESTIC DISORDER); SCHIZOPHRENIA; and other conditions.		02.0410
Substance-Related Disorders
Disorders related to substance use or abuse.		02.0410
Sex Disorders
[description not available]		03.7420
Sexual Dysfunction, Physiological
Physiological disturbances in normal sexual performance in either the male or the female.		03.7420
Hydronephrosis
Abnormal enlargement or swelling of a KIDNEY due to dilation of the KIDNEY CALICES and the KIDNEY PELVIS. It is often associated with obstruction of the URETER or chronic kidney diseases that prevents normal drainage of urine into the URINARY BLADDER.		03.7721
Carcinoma, Epidermoid
[description not available]		04.0631
Cancer of Larynx
[description not available]		03.3511
Cancer of Mouth
[description not available]		03.3511
Carcinoma, Squamous Cell
A carcinoma derived from stratified SQUAMOUS EPITHELIAL CELLS. It may also occur in sites where glandular or columnar epithelium is normally present. (From Stedman, 25th ed)		04.0631
Laryngeal Neoplasms
Cancers or tumors of the LARYNX or any of its parts: the GLOTTIS; EPIGLOTTIS; LARYNGEAL CARTILAGES; LARYNGEAL MUSCLES; and VOCAL CORDS.		03.3511
Mouth Neoplasms
Tumors or cancer of the MOUTH.		03.3511
Cancer of Kidney
[description not available]		03.8140
Kidney Neoplasms
Tumors or cancers of the KIDNEY.		03.8140
Infantile Respiratory Distress Syndrome
[description not available]		01.9610
Respiratory Distress Syndrome, Newborn
A condition of the newborn marked by DYSPNEA with CYANOSIS, heralded by such prodromal signs as dilatation of the alae nasi, expiratory grunt, and retraction of the suprasternal notch or costal margins, mostly frequently occurring in premature infants, children of diabetic mothers, and infants delivered by cesarean section, and sometimes with no apparent predisposing cause.		01.9610
Porphyria
[description not available]		02.6730
Porphyrias
A diverse group of metabolic diseases characterized by errors in the biosynthetic pathway of HEME in the LIVER, the BONE MARROW, or both. They are classified by the deficiency of specific enzymes, the tissue site of enzyme defect, or the clinical features that include neurological (acute) or cutaneous (skin lesions). Porphyrias can be hereditary or acquired as a result of toxicity to the hepatic or erythropoietic marrow tissues.		02.6730
Anterior Urethral Stricture
[description not available]		03.7621
Urethral Stricture
Narrowing of any part of the URETHRA. It is characterized by decreased urinary stream and often other obstructive voiding symptoms.		03.7621
Choroid Neoplasms
Tumors of the choroid; most common intraocular tumors are malignant melanomas of the choroid. These usually occur after puberty and increase in incidence with advancing age. Most malignant melanomas of the uveal tract develop from benign melanomas (nevi).		01.9810
Colonic Inertia
Symptom characterized by the passage of stool once a week or less.		01.9810
Constipation
Infrequent or difficult evacuation of FECES. These symptoms are associated with a variety of causes, including low DIETARY FIBER intake, emotional or nervous disturbances, systemic and structural disorders, drug-induced aggravation, and infections.		01.9810
Back Ache
[description not available]		01.9810
Back Pain
Acute or chronic pain located in the posterior regions of the THORAX; LUMBOSACRAL REGION; or the adjacent regions.		01.9810
Spinal Neoplasms
New abnormal growth of tissue in the SPINE.		02.3920
Cranial Nerve VII Injuries
[description not available]		01.9810
Lassitude
[description not available]		03.3711
Dysesthesia
[description not available]		03.3711
Anorexia
The lack or loss of APPETITE accompanied by an aversion to food and the inability to eat. It is the defining characteristic of the disorder ANOREXIA NERVOSA.		03.3711
Fatigue
The state of weariness following a period of exertion, mental or physical, characterized by a decreased capacity for work and reduced efficiency to respond to stimuli.		03.3711
Adrenal Gland Diseases
Pathological processes of the ADRENAL GLANDS.		01.9810
Methemoglobinemia
The presence of methemoglobin in the blood, resulting in cyanosis. A small amount of methemoglobin is present in the blood normally, but injury or toxic agents convert a larger proportion of hemoglobin into methemoglobin, which does not function reversibly as an oxygen carrier. Methemoglobinemia may be due to a defect in the enzyme NADH methemoglobin reductase (an autosomal recessive trait) or to an abnormality in hemoglobin M (an autosomal dominant trait). (Dorland, 27th ed)		05.3951
Di Guglielmo Disease
[description not available]		02.3920
Leukemia, Erythroblastic, Acute
A myeloproliferative disorder characterized by neoplastic proliferation of erythroblastic and myeloblastic elements with atypical erythroblasts and myeloblasts in the peripheral blood.		02.3920
Anasarca
[description not available]		01.9810
Paranoia
[description not available]		01.9810
Edema
Abnormal fluid accumulation in TISSUES or body cavities. Most cases of edema are present under the SKIN in SUBCUTANEOUS TISSUE.		01.9810
Fibromatosis
[description not available]		01.9810
Fibroma
A benign tumor of fibrous or fully developed connective tissue.		01.9810
Benign Meningeal Neoplasms
[description not available]		01.9810
Meningeal Neoplasms
Benign and malignant neoplastic processes that arise from or secondarily involve the meningeal coverings of the brain and spinal cord.		01.9810
Neutropenia
A decrease in the number of NEUTROPHILS found in the blood.		06.9810
Neoplasms, Pleural
[description not available]		01.9810
Pleural Effusion, Malignant
Presence of fluid in the PLEURAL CAVITY as a complication of malignant disease. Malignant pleural effusions often contain actual malignant cells.		01.9810
Chronic Motor and Vocal Tic Disorder
[description not available]		05.2522
Tourette Syndrome
A neuropsychological disorder related to alterations in DOPAMINE metabolism and neurotransmission involving frontal-subcortical neuronal circuits. Both multiple motor and one or more vocal tics need to be present with TICS occurring many times a day, nearly daily, over a period of more than one year. The onset is before age 18 and the disturbance is not due to direct physiological effects of a substance or another medical condition. The disturbance causes marked distress or significant impairment in social, occupational, or other important areas of functioning. (From DSM-IV, 1994; Neurol Clin 1997 May;15(2):357-79)		05.2522
Urinary Retention
Inability to empty the URINARY BLADDER with voiding (URINATION).		02.3920
Superior Vena Cava Obstruction
[description not available]		01.9810
Delayed Puberty
[description not available]		01.9810
Nausea
An unpleasant sensation in the stomach usually accompanied by the urge to vomit. Common causes are early pregnancy, sea and motion sickness, emotional stress, intense pain, food poisoning, and various enteroviruses.		05.4644
Lymphatic Diseases
Diseases of LYMPH; LYMPH NODES; or LYMPHATIC VESSELS.		01.9910
Xanthoma
[description not available]		01.9910
Histiocytosis
General term for the abnormal appearance of histiocytes in the blood. Based on the pathological features of the cells involved rather than on clinical findings, the histiocytic diseases are subdivided into three groups: HISTIOCYTOSIS, LANGERHANS CELL; HISTIOCYTOSIS, NON-LANGERHANS-CELL; and HISTIOCYTIC DISORDERS, MALIGNANT.		01.9910
Thromboembolism
Obstruction of a blood vessel (embolism) by a blood clot (THROMBUS) in the blood stream.		03.7621
Cyanosis
A bluish or purplish discoloration of the skin and mucous membranes due to an increase in the amount of deoxygenated hemoglobin in the blood or a structural defect in the hemoglobin molecule.		06.9910
Sulfhemoglobinemia
A morbid condition due to the presence of sulfmethemoglobin in the blood. It is marked by persistent cyanosis, but the blood count does not reveal any special abnormality in the blood. It is thought to be caused by the action of hydrogen sulfide absorbed from the intestine. (Stedman, 25th ed)		01.9910
Cytomegalovirus
A genus of the family HERPESVIRIDAE, subfamily BETAHERPESVIRINAE, infecting the salivary glands, liver, spleen, lungs, eyes, and other organs, in which they produce characteristically enlarged cells with intranuclear inclusions. Infection with Cytomegalovirus is also seen as an opportunistic infection in AIDS.		01.9810
Weight Gain
Increase in BODY WEIGHT over existing weight.		05.7842
Dermatoses
[description not available]		04.0630
Skin Diseases
Diseases involving the DERMIS or EPIDERMIS.		04.0630
Experimental Neoplasms
[description not available]		03.2920
Blood Pressure, Low
[description not available]		01.9910
Hypotension
Abnormally low BLOOD PRESSURE that can result in inadequate blood flow to the brain and other vital organs. Common symptom is DIZZINESS but greater negative impacts on the body occur when there is prolonged depravation of oxygen and nutrients.		01.9910
Symptom Cluster
[description not available]		03.630
Acanthosis Nigricans
A circumscribed melanosis consisting of a brown-pigmented, velvety verrucosity or fine papillomatosis appearing in the axillae and other body folds. It occurs in association with endocrine disorders, underlying malignancy, administration of certain drugs, or as in inherited disorder.		01.9910
Syndrome
A characteristic symptom complex.		08.630
Amentia
[description not available]		01.9910
Dementia
An acquired organic mental disorder with loss of intellectual abilities of sufficient severity to interfere with social or occupational functioning. The dysfunction is multifaceted and involves memory, behavior, personality, judgment, attention, spatial relations, language, abstract thought, and other executive functions. The intellectual decline is usually progressive, and initially spares the level of consciousness.		01.9910
Cancer of Endometrium
[description not available]		02.420
Endometrial Neoplasms
Tumors or cancer of ENDOMETRIUM, the mucous lining of the UTERUS. These neoplasms can be benign or malignant. Their classification and grading are based on the various cell types and the percent of undifferentiated cells.		02.420
Cancer of Pituitary
[description not available]		02.420
Pituitary Neoplasms
Neoplasms which arise from or metastasize to the PITUITARY GLAND. The majority of pituitary neoplasms are adenomas, which are divided into non-secreting and secreting forms. Hormone producing forms are further classified by the type of hormone they secrete. Pituitary adenomas may also be characterized by their staining properties (see ADENOMA, BASOPHIL; ADENOMA, ACIDOPHIL; and ADENOMA, CHROMOPHOBE). Pituitary tumors may compress adjacent structures, including the HYPOTHALAMUS, several CRANIAL NERVES, and the OPTIC CHIASM. Chiasmal compression may result in bitemporal HEMIANOPSIA.		02.420
Cirrhosis, Liver
[description not available]		01.9910
Liver Cirrhosis
Liver disease in which the normal microcirculation, the gross vascular anatomy, and the hepatic architecture have been variably destroyed and altered with fibrous septa surrounding regenerated or regenerating parenchymal nodules.		01.9910
Injuries, Soft Tissue
[description not available]		01.9910
Flushing
A transient reddening of the face that may be due to fever, certain drugs, exertion, or stress.		03.3811
Amyloidosis
A group of sporadic, familial and/or inherited, degenerative, and infectious disease processes, linked by the common theme of abnormal protein folding and deposition of AMYLOID. As the amyloid deposits enlarge they displace normal tissue structures, causing disruption of function. Various signs and symptoms depend on the location and size of the deposits.		01.9910
Proteinuria
The presence of proteins in the urine, an indicator of KIDNEY DISEASES.		01.9910
Angiomyxoma
[description not available]		01.9910
Anankastic Personality
[description not available]		04.3522
Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder
An anxiety disorder characterized by recurrent, persistent obsessions or compulsions. Obsessions are the intrusive ideas, thoughts, or images that are experienced as senseless or repugnant. Compulsions are repetitive and seemingly purposeful behavior which the individual generally recognizes as senseless and from which the individual does not derive pleasure although it may provide a release from tension.		09.3522
Acquired Autoimmune Hemolytic Anemia
[description not available]		02.9110
Anemia, Hemolytic, Autoimmune
Acquired hemolytic anemia due to the presence of AUTOANTIBODIES which agglutinate or lyse the patient's own RED BLOOD CELLS.		02.9110
Adenocarcinoma, Clear Cell
An adenocarcinoma characterized by the presence of varying combinations of clear and hobnail-shaped tumor cells. There are three predominant patterns described as tubulocystic, solid, and papillary. These tumors, usually located in the female reproductive organs, have been seen more frequently in young women since 1970 as a result of the association with intrauterine exposure to diethylstilbestrol. (From Holland et al., Cancer Medicine, 3d ed)		02.9110
Hot Flashes
A sudden, temporary sensation of heat predominantly experienced by some women during MENOPAUSE. (Random House Unabridged Dictionary, 2d ed)		03.7921
HbS Disease
[description not available]		01.9910
Bilateral Headache
[description not available]		01.9910
Anemia, Sickle Cell
A disease characterized by chronic hemolytic anemia, episodic painful crises, and pathologic involvement of many organs. It is the clinical expression of homozygosity for hemoglobin S.		01.9910
Headache
The symptom of PAIN in the cranial region. It may be an isolated benign occurrence or manifestation of a wide variety of HEADACHE DISORDERS.		01.9910
Colitis, Ischemic
Inflammation of the COLON due to colonic ISCHEMIA resulting from alterations in systemic circulation or local vasculature.		01.9910
Acute Hepatic Failure
[description not available]		0210
Liver Failure, Acute
A form of rapid-onset LIVER FAILURE, also known as fulminant hepatic failure, caused by severe liver injury or massive loss of HEPATOCYTES. It is characterized by sudden development of liver dysfunction and JAUNDICE. Acute liver failure may progress to exhibit cerebral dysfunction even HEPATIC COMA depending on the etiology that includes hepatic ISCHEMIA, drug toxicity, malignant infiltration, and viral hepatitis such as post-transfusion HEPATITIS B and HEPATITIS C.		0210
Porphyria Cutanea Tarda
An autosomal dominant or acquired porphyria due to a deficiency of UROPORPHYRINOGEN DECARBOXYLASE in the LIVER. It is characterized by photosensitivity and cutaneous lesions with little or no neurologic symptoms. Type I is the acquired form and is strongly associated with liver diseases and hepatic toxicities caused by alcohol or estrogenic steroids. Type II is the familial form.		0210
Carbon Tetrachloride Poisoning
Poisoning that results from ingestion, injection, inhalation, or skin absorption of CARBON TETRACHLORIDE.		02.420
Gingivitis
Inflammation of gum tissue (GINGIVA) without loss of connective tissue.		0210
Chronic Hepatitis B
[description not available]		0210
Chronic Hepatitis C
[description not available]		0210
Hepatitis B, Chronic
INFLAMMATION of the LIVER in humans caused by HEPATITIS B VIRUS lasting six months or more. It is primarily transmitted by parenteral exposure, such as transfusion of contaminated blood or blood products, but can also be transmitted via sexual or intimate personal contact.		0210
Hepatitis C, Chronic
INFLAMMATION of the LIVER in humans that is caused by HEPATITIS C VIRUS lasting six months or more. Chronic hepatitis C can lead to LIVER CIRRHOSIS.		0210
Ureteral Obstruction
Blockage in any part of the URETER causing obstruction of urine flow from the kidney to the URINARY BLADDER. The obstruction may be congenital, acquired, unilateral, bilateral, complete, partial, acute, or chronic. Depending on the degree and duration of the obstruction, clinical features vary greatly such as HYDRONEPHROSIS and obstructive nephropathy.		0210
Postpartum Amenorrhea
[description not available]		03.7921
Oligomenorrhea
Abnormally infrequent menstruation.		03.7921
Amenorrhea
Absence of menstruation.		08.7921
Acute Bacterial Prostatitis
[description not available]		0210
Prostatitis
Infiltration of inflammatory cells into the parenchyma of PROSTATE. The subtypes are classified by their varied laboratory analysis, clinical presentation and response to treatment.		0210
Metaplasia
A condition in which there is a change of one adult cell type to another similar adult cell type.		0210
Condition, Preneoplastic
[description not available]		02.3920
Precancerous Conditions
Pathological conditions that tend eventually to become malignant.		02.3920
Hypesthesia
Absent or reduced sensitivity to cutaneous stimulation.		0210
Sarcoma, Epithelioid
[description not available]		0210
Sarcoma
A connective tissue neoplasm formed by proliferation of mesodermal cells; it is usually highly malignant.		0210
Antidiuretic Hormone, Inappropriate Secretion
[description not available]		02.9210
Ectopic Hormone Syndromes
[description not available]		02.9210
Inappropriate ADH Syndrome
A condition of HYPONATREMIA and renal salt loss attributed to overexpansion of BODY FLUIDS resulting from sustained release of ANTIDIURETIC HORMONES which stimulates renal resorption of water. It is characterized by normal KIDNEY function, high urine OSMOLALITY, low serum osmolality, and neurological dysfunction. Etiologies include ADH-producing neoplasms, injuries or diseases involving the HYPOTHALAMUS, the PITUITARY GLAND, and the LUNG. This syndrome can also be drug-induced.		02.9210
Sterility, Male
[description not available]		0210
Infertility, Male
The inability of the male to effect FERTILIZATION of an OVUM after a specified period of unprotected intercourse. Male sterility is permanent infertility.		0210
Adenocystic Carcinoma
[description not available]		0210
Carcinoma, Adenoid Cystic
Carcinoma characterized by bands or cylinders of hyalinized or mucinous stroma separating or surrounded by nests or cords of small epithelial cells. When the cylinders occur within masses of epithelial cells, they give the tissue a perforated, sievelike, or cribriform appearance. Such tumors occur in the mammary glands, the mucous glands of the upper and lower respiratory tract, and the salivary glands. They are malignant but slow-growing, and tend to spread locally via the nerves. (Dorland, 27th ed)		0210
Extravascular Hemolysis
[description not available]		0210
Hemolysis
The destruction of ERYTHROCYTES by many different causal agents such as antibodies, bacteria, chemicals, temperature, and changes in tonicity.		0210
Cancer of Esophagus
[description not available]		0210
Esophageal Neoplasms
Tumors or cancer of the ESOPHAGUS.		0210
Adult Rickets
[description not available]		0210
Osteomalacia
Disorder caused by an interruption of the mineralization of organic bone matrix leading to bone softening, bone pain, and weakness. It is the adult form of rickets resulting from disruption of VITAMIN D; PHOSPHORUS; or CALCIUM homeostasis.		0210
Separation Anxiety Disorder
[description not available]		0210
Anxiety, Separation
Anxiety experienced by an individual upon separation from a person or object of particular significance to the individual.		0210
Adenoma, Basal Cell
[description not available]		0210
Adrenal Cancer
[description not available]		0210
Adenoma
A benign epithelial tumor with a glandular organization.		0710
Carcinoma, Papillary, Follicular
A thyroid neoplasm of mixed papillary and follicular arrangement. Its biological behavior and prognosis is the same as that of a papillary adenocarcinoma of the thyroid. (From DeVita Jr et al., Cancer: Principles & Practice of Oncology, 3d ed, p1271)		0210
Leanness
[description not available]		02.9210
Adenoma, Prolactin-Secreting, Pituitary
[description not available]		02.0110
Inborn Errors of Metabolism
[description not available]		02.0110
Metabolism, Inborn Errors
Errors in metabolic processes resulting from inborn genetic mutations that are inherited or acquired in utero.		02.0110
Blood Clot
[description not available]		02.6430
Thrombosis
Formation and development of a thrombus or blood clot in the blood vessel.		02.6430
Blood Diseases
[description not available]		04.6621
Hematologic Diseases
Disorders of the blood and blood forming tissues.		04.6621
Brain Vascular Disorders
[description not available]		01.9510
Emesis
[description not available]		03.7521
Cerebrovascular Disorders
A spectrum of pathological conditions of impaired blood flow in the brain. They can involve vessels (ARTERIES or VEINS) in the CEREBRUM, the CEREBELLUM, and the BRAIN STEM. Major categories include INTRACRANIAL ARTERIOVENOUS MALFORMATIONS; BRAIN ISCHEMIA; CEREBRAL HEMORRHAGE; and others.		01.9510
Vomiting
The forcible expulsion of the contents of the STOMACH through the MOUTH.		03.7521
Osteolysis
Dissolution of bone that particularly involves the removal or loss of calcium.		01.9810
Osteosclerosis
An abnormal hardening or increased density of bone tissue.		01.9810
Angioma, Sclerosing
[description not available]		01.9810
Histiocytoma, Benign Fibrous
A benign tumor composed, wholly or in part, of cells with the morphologic characteristics of HISTIOCYTES and with various fibroblastic components. Fibrous histiocytomas can occur anywhere in the body. When they occur in the skin, they are called dermatofibromas or sclerosing hemangiomas. (From DeVita Jr et al., Cancer: Principles & Practice of Oncology, 5th ed, p1747)		01.9810
Apnea, Sleep
[description not available]		01.9810
Sleep Apnea Syndromes
Disorders characterized by multiple cessations of respirations during sleep that induce partial arousals and interfere with the maintenance of sleep. Sleep apnea syndromes are divided into central (see SLEEP APNEA, CENTRAL), obstructive (see SLEEP APNEA, OBSTRUCTIVE), and mixed central-obstructive types.		01.9810
Infections, Plasmodium
[description not available]		01.9810
Malaria
A protozoan disease caused in humans by four species of the PLASMODIUM genus: PLASMODIUM FALCIPARUM; PLASMODIUM VIVAX; PLASMODIUM OVALE; and PLASMODIUM MALARIAE; and transmitted by the bite of an infected female mosquito of the genus ANOPHELES. Malaria is endemic in parts of Asia, Africa, Central and South America, Oceania, and certain Caribbean islands. It is characterized by extreme exhaustion associated with paroxysms of high FEVER; SWEATING; shaking CHILLS; and ANEMIA. Malaria in ANIMALS is caused by other species of plasmodia.		01.9810
Blood Loss, Surgical
Loss of blood during a surgical procedure.		01.9810
Angor Pectoris
[description not available]		01.9810
Hyperidrosis
[description not available]		01.9810
Angina Pectoris
The symptom of paroxysmal pain consequent to MYOCARDIAL ISCHEMIA usually of distinctive character, location and radiation. It is thought to be provoked by a transient stressful situation during which the oxygen requirements of the MYOCARDIUM exceed that supplied by the CORONARY CIRCULATION.		06.9810
Hyperhidrosis
Excessive sweating. In the localized type, the most frequent sites are the palms, soles, axillae, inguinal folds, and the perineal area. Its chief cause is thought to be emotional. Generalized hyperhidrosis may be induced by a hot, humid environment, by fever, or by vigorous exercise.		01.9810
Conus Medullaris Syndrome
[description not available]		01.9710
Lymphangitis
A lymphatic disease characterized by INFLAMMATION of LYMPHATIC VESSELS.		01.9710
Anesthesia
A state characterized by loss of feeling or sensation. This depression of nerve function is usually the result of pharmacologic action and is induced to allow performance of surgery or other painful procedures.		01.9710
Autoimmune Disease
[description not available]		01.9710
Autoimmune Diseases
Disorders that are characterized by the production of antibodies that react with host tissues or immune effector cells that are autoreactive to endogenous peptides.		01.9710
Paraphilias
[description not available]		01.9710
Exhibitionism
A disorder in which fantasies about or the act of exposing the genitals to an unsuspecting stranger produces sexual excitement with no attempt at further sexual activity with the stranger.		06.9710
Cytomegalic Inclusion Disease
[description not available]		01.9710
Addiction, Opioid
[description not available]		01.9710
Cytomegalovirus Infections
Infection with CYTOMEGALOVIRUS, characterized by enlarged cells bearing intranuclear inclusions. Infection may be in almost any organ, but the salivary glands are the most common site in children, as are the lungs in adults.		01.9710
Opioid-Related Disorders
Disorders related to or resulting from abuse or misuse of OPIOIDS.		01.9710
Alactasia
[description not available]		01.9710
Lactose Intolerance
The condition resulting from the absence or deficiency of LACTASE in the MUCOSA cells of the GASTROINTESTINAL TRACT, and the inability to break down LACTOSE in milk for ABSORPTION. Bacterial fermentation of the unabsorbed lactose leads to symptoms that range from a mild indigestion (DYSPEPSIA) to severe DIARRHEA. Lactose intolerance may be an inborn error or acquired.		06.9710
Ascites
Accumulation or retention of free fluid within the peritoneal cavity.		01.9710
Day Blindness
[description not available]		01.9610
Affective Psychosis, Bipolar
[description not available]		01.9610
Bipolar Disorder
A major affective disorder marked by severe mood swings (manic or major depressive episodes) and a tendency to remission and recurrence.		01.9610
Uremia
A clinical syndrome associated with the retention of renal waste products or uremic toxins in the blood. It is usually the result of RENAL INSUFFICIENCY. Most uremic toxins are end products of protein or nitrogen CATABOLISM, such as UREA or CREATININE. Severe uremia can lead to multiple organ dysfunctions with a constellation of symptoms.		01.9610