| Excerpt | Reference |
|---|
| "Several patterns in brain tumors are illustrated." | ( Barrett, W; Drayer, B; Dubois, P; Heinz, ER; Osborne, D, 1979) |
| "Symptomatic brain metastases are found in about 40% of patients with small cell lung cancer." | ( Haaxma-Reiche, H; Kirkpatrick, A; Kleisbauer, JP; McVie, JG; Postmus, PE; Sleijfer, DT, 1989) |
| "Brain metastases are a well recognized problem in patients with small cell lung cancer (SCLC)." | ( Carney, DN; Grogan, L; Harford, P; Kearns, F, 1989) |
| "Brain tumors are supplied by vessels that differ from those supplying normal cerebral tissue in various structural and functional parameters." | ( Frattola, L; Govoni, S; Kobayashi, H; Magnoni, MS; Piolti, R; Trabucchi, M, 1988) |
| "Experience with brain tumors is still limited." | ( Boisvert, D; Cheng, MK; McKean, J; Tulip, J, 1986) |
| "T1 values in rat brain tumors are 30 to 90% longer than their counterparts in normal rat brain." | ( Albrand, JP; Benabid, AL; Decorps, M; Foray, MF; Jacrot, M; Remy, C; Riondel, J, 1987) |
| "Brain tumors are thought to affect and change the neurotransmitter function of the surrounding cerebral tissues." | ( Ikeda, Y; Nakazawa, S, 1984) |
| "Brain metastases are usually managed by radiation therapy and corticosteroids." | ( Bastit, P; Chevallier, B; Couteau, C, 1994) |
| "However, most brain tumors are accompanied by substantial vasogenic edema as a consequence of blood-brain barrier disruption within the tumor, leading to extravasation and propagation of plasma constituents into the surrounding brain tissue." | ( Götz, C; Hassan, A; Heimann, A; Kempski, O; Stummer, W, 1993) |
| "Because primary brain tumors are highly reminiscent of the immature central nervous system, these neoplasms should be equally vulnerable." | ( Hudgins, WR; Liu, L; Myers, CE; Oldfield, EH; Ram, Z; Samid, D; Shack, S; Walbridge, S, 1994) |
| "Malignant brain tumors are responsible for significant morbidity and mortality in both pediatric and adult populations." | ( Anderson, WF; Blaese, RM; Culver, KW; DeVroom, HL; Oldfield, EH; Ram, Z, 1993) |
| "Therapy of brain metastases is difficult and mostly unsuccessful, with brain metastases being the predominant factor which determines overall survival." | ( Czarnetzki, BM; Schadendorf, D; Worm, M, 1993) |
| "Brain tumors are the leading cause of death from childhood cancer, yet the causes of most of these tumors remain obscure." | ( Davis, RL; Holly, EA; Lijinsky, W; Mueller, BA; Pogoda, JM; Preston-Martin, S, 1996) |
| "Metastatic brain tumors are frequently treated by radiation therapy alone." | ( Matsutani, M, 1997) |
| "Primary brain tumors are among the most deadly of all cancers, with a 1-year survival rate of 52%." | ( Adera, T; Fortner-Burton, CA; Gibb, RD; Hadfield, MG; Mumaw, V; Smith, B, 1998) |
| "Children who have brain tumors are at risk for a variety of treatment-related sequelae, including neuropsychological and cognitive impairment, neurologic deficits, and neuroendocrinologic disturbances." | ( Davis, PC; Morris, R; Padgett, CA; Shapiro, MB; Waldrop, SM, 1998) |
| "Malignant brain tumors are the most common solid tumors in children." | ( Debatin, KM; Fulda, S; Jeremias, I; Pietsch, T; Steiner, HH, 1999) |
| "Patients with brain tumors are routinely monitored for tumor progression and response to therapy using magnetic resonance imaging (MRI)." | ( Dillon, WP; Nelson, SJ; Vigneron, DB, 1999) |
| "On MRI, primary brain tumors are commonly seen as contrast-enhancing masses surrounded by areas of abnormal signal on T2-weighted images." | ( Hochberg, FH; Kim, L; Shaeffer, P, 2000) |
| "Because brain metastases are a sign of systemic progression, and chemotherapy was found to be effective as well, it becomes questionable whether WBRT is the only appropriate therapy in this situation." | ( Clerico, M; Curran, D; Giaccone, G; Gregor, A; Groen, HJ; Haaxma-Reiche, H; Karnicka, H; Kirkpatrick, A; Lewinski, T; Postmus, PE; Sahmoud, T; Smit, EF; van Meerbeeck, J, 2000) |
| "Brain tumors are highly angiogenic, and their growth and spread depend on the generation of new blood vessels." | ( Cheresh, DA; Laug, WE; MacDonald, TJ; Shimada, H; Tabrizi, P; Taga, T; Zlokovic, BV, 2001) |
| "Children with brain tumors are at high risk of developing growth hormone deficiency (GHD) after cranial irradiation (CI) if the hypothalamus/pituitary (HP) axis falls within the fields of irradiation." | ( Feldt-Rasmussen, U; Hertz, H; Lassen, S; Müller, J; Poulsen, HS; Schmiegelow, K; Schmiegelow, M, 2000) |
| "High-grade brain tumors are known to have a high rate of glucose (Glc) consumption." | ( Décorps, M; Rémy, C; von Kienlin , M; Ziegler, A, 2001) |
| "Brain metastases are a common complication of systemic cancer and a significant cause of morbidity." | ( Sawaya, R, 2001) |
| "Malignant brain tumors are notoriously invasive." | ( Kruse, CA; Paul, DB, 2001) |
| "Brain metastases are rare in the natural history of Wilms tumor." | ( Grimard, L; Halton, JM; Hsu, E; MacRae, R; Nizalik, E, 2002) |
| "Metastatic brain tumors are the most common complication of systemic cancer and affect 20-40% of all adult cancer patients." | ( Newton, HB, 2002) |
| "The grading of brain tumors is another application." | ( Buck, A; Kamel, E, 2002) |
| "Brain metastases are common in SCLC." | ( von Pawel, J, 2003) |
| "Brain tumors are a diverse group of malignancies that remain refractory to conventional treatment approaches, including radiotherapy and cytotoxic chemotherapy." | ( Newton, HB, 2003) |
| "Pediatric brain tumors are significant causes of morbidity and mortality." | ( Bronner-Fraser, M; Geschwind, DH; Hemmati, HD; Kornblum, HI; Lazareff, JA; Masterman-Smith, M; Nakano, I, 2003) |
| "Brain metastases are a common complication of non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC)." | ( Katz, A; Zalewski, P, 2003) |
| "Human brain tumors are dominated by oxic to moderately hypoxic cells." | ( Collins, R; Dunphy, I; Evans, SM; Geoerger, B; Hahn, SM; Jenkins, K; Jenkins, WT; Judkins, AR; Judy, KD; Koch, CJ; Nelson, PT; Phillips, P; Stevens, CW; Wileyto, EP, 2004) |
| "Brain tumors are highly angiogenesis dependent." | ( Bading, JR; Bozorgzadeh, MH; Chen, X; Conti, PS; Khankaldyyan, V; Laug, WE; Moats, R; Park, R; Shahinian, AH; Tohme, M, 2004) |
| "Brain tumors are frequently treated with steroids due to the presence of peritumoral edema." | ( Gejyo, F; Nishibori, T; Takahashi, H; Tanaka, R; Tsukada, H; Uzuka, T, 2004) |
| "Inoperable melanoma brain metastases are usually uniformly fatal, and complete response after cytotoxic therapy is rare." | ( Dvorak, J; Hadzi-Nikolov, D; Melichar, B; Petera, J; Zizka, J, 2004) |
| "Brain metastases are a common occurrence in patients with non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC)." | ( Bartolini, S; Cappuzzo, F; Ceresoli, GL; Crinò, L; Gregorc, V; Villa, E, 2004) |
| "EOC brain metastases are responsive to chemotherapy." | ( Cesák, T; Kohlová, T; Melichar, B; Nová, M; Urminská, H, 2004) |
| "Brain tumors are a diverse group of malignancies that remain refractory to conventional treatment approaches." | ( Newton, HB, 2004) |
| "Brain metastases are an increasingly common complication in breast cancer patients." | ( Held-Feindt, J; Maass, N; Mehdorn, HM; Stark, AM; Tongers, K, 2005) |
| "Brain edema in brain tumors is the result of leakage of plasma into the parenchyma through dysfunctional cerebral capillaries." | ( Kaal, EC; Vecht, CJ, 2004) |
| "Most malignant brain tumors are resistant to the chemotherapeutic agents because of the existence of several mechanisms or substances such as the blood-brain barrier, genes and proteins." | ( Shibui, S, 2005) |
| "Brain metastases are a frequent finding in patients with non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC)." | ( Hiddemann, W; Krych, M; Ostermann, H; Schoenberg, SO; Stemmler, HJ; Weigert, O, 2005) |
| "Brain metastases are the most life-threatening among the secondary localizations of melanoma for their unresponsiveness to the surgical, radiotherapeutic and/or chemotherapeutic treatments." | ( Bonaccorsi, P; Borroni, RG; Bottoni, U; Calvieri, S; Clerico, R; Devirgiliis, V; Panasiti, V; Trasimeni, G, 2005) |
| "Brain metastases are a common complication in patients suffering from metastatic malignant melanoma." | ( Budach, V; Hofmann, M; Kiecker, F; Schlenger, L; Sterry, W; Trefzer, U; Wurm, R, 2006) |
| "Brain metastases are a major clinical challenge and usually signify very poor prognosis for most patients." | ( Abrey, LE; Mehta, MP, 2003) |
| "Drug resistance in brain tumors is partially mediated by the blood-brain barrier of which a key component is P-glycoprotein, which is highly expressed in cerebral capillaries." | ( Balmaceda, C; Bertino, JS; Bruce, JN; Chen, J; Desai, M; Fetell, MR; Fine, RL; Goodman, RR; Huang, M; McKhann, GM; Nafziger, AN; Sisti, MB, 2006) |
| "Brain metastases are among the most feared complications in breast cancer, as no therapy exists that prevents or eliminates breast cancer spreading to the brain." | ( Becker, K; Chen, EI; Felding-Habermann, B; Hewel, J; Kralli, A; Krueger, JS; Tiraby, C; Weber, MR; Yates, JR, 2007) |
| "Brain metastases are a frequent finding in patients with advanced non-small cell lung cancer and concomitant administration of antiepileptic and chemotherapeutic drugs or epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) inhibitor is necessary in many cases." | ( Gabizon, A; Gipps, M; Grenader, T; Shavit, L, 2007) |
| "Brain metastases are an alarming complication of advanced melanoma, frequently contributing to patient demise." | ( Boucher, KM; Jensen, RL; Leachman, SA; Majer, M; Samlowski, WE; Shrieve, DC; Wang, M; Watson, GA, 2007) |
| "Brain tumors are typically resistant to conventional chemotherapeutics, most of which initiate apoptosis upstream of mitochondrial cytochrome c release." | ( Deshmukh, M; Huang, YY; Johnson, CE; Kornbluth, S; Parrish, AB; Smith, MI; Van Dyke, T; Vaughn, AE; Wechsler-Reya, RJ; Wright, KM; Zhang, Q, 2007) |
| "Findings in brain tumors are also presented to the extent that they enlighten results in stroke." | ( Baron, JC; Moustafa, RR; Takasawa, M, 2008) |
| "Brain metastases are a common occurrence and a major cause of mortality in non-small-cell lung cancer, with few systemic treatment options." | ( Altavilla, G; Arrigo, C; Galletti, G; Marabello, G; Picone, G; Pitini, VV; Santarpia, MC; Tomasello, C, 2008) |
| "Brain tumors are associated with genetic alterations of oncogenes and tumor suppressor genes." | ( Avraham, HK; Avraham, S; Bass, CE; Birrane, G; Jiang, S; Katz, G; Li, H; Seng, S; Zagozdzon, R, 2009) |
| "Brain metastases are a frequent complication of cancer." | ( Bravo Marques, JM, 2009) |
| "Brain tumors are one of the most lethal and difficult to treat." | ( Furubayashi, T; Inoue, D; Katsumi, H; Sakane, T; Shingaki, T; Yamamoto, A; Yamashita, S, 2010) |
| "Brain metastases are a common preterminal event in patients with metastatic melanoma and require radiation therapy." | ( Ahlawat, S; Chen, S; Goydos, JS; Green, C; Haffty, BG; Khan, AJ; Mehnert, JM; Schiff, D; Wall, B, 2011) |
| "The majority of malignant primary brain tumors are gliomas, derived from glial cells." | ( Barclay, TT; Bomben, VC; Sontheimer, H; Turner, KL, 2011) |
| "Patients with brain metastases are often treated with whole brain radiation therapy (WBRT) for purposes of palliation." | ( Jimenez, R; Loeffler, JS; Niemierko, A; Oh, KS; Shih, HA; Son, CH, 2012) |
| "Brain tumors are the second most common childhood tumors and remain the leading cause of cancer related deaths in children." | ( Bhat, S; Kellie, S; Kurkure, P; Patir, R; Sachdeva, A; Suri, V; Yadav, SP, 2011) |
| "A GTR of pediatric brain tumors is one of the most important predictors of outcome." | ( Boop, F; Broniscer, A; Dewire, M; Gajjar, AJ; Klimo, P; Sanford, RA; Van Poppel, M; Wright, K, 2011) |
| "Brain cancer is the second neurological cause of death." | ( Bezerra Neto, JE; Felix, FH; Fontenele, JB; Menezes, DB; Moraes, MO; Picanço Filho, RL; Santiago, MH; Teles, MG; Viana, GS, 2012) |
| "Brain tumors are classically associated with neurological and/or psychiatric symptomatology." | ( Comet, B; Le Rhun, E; Ramirez, C; Reich, M, 2012) |
| "Brain metastases are a major cause of morbidity and mortality in patients with advanced melanoma." | ( Chavan, RN; Dronca, RS; Gilbertson, JR; Gorman, B; Kottschade, LA; Markovic, SN; Rochet, NM, 2012) |
| "These brain tumors are often resistant to chemotherapies like temozolomide (TMZ) and there are very few treatment options available to patients." | ( Berns, R; Dunn, SE; Fotovati, A; Hu, K; Kast, RE; Kong, E; Lee, C; Luk, M; Pambid, M; Toyota, B; Toyota, E; Triscott, J; Yip, S, 2012) |
| "Brain metastases are common in patients with metastatic melanoma and median overall survival from their diagnosis is typically 17-22 weeks." | ( Algazi, A; Ascierto, PA; Chapman, PB; Davies, MA; Goodman, V; Guckert, M; Hauschild, A; Kefford, RF; Kirkwood, JM; Long, GV; Martin, AM; Mortier, L; Puzanov, I; Robert, C; Schadendorf, D; Streit, M; Swann, S; Switzky, J; Tawbi, H; Trefzer, U; Wilhelm, T; Zimmer, L, 2012) |
| "Brain metastases are a serious obstacle in the treatment of patients with human epidermal growth factor receptor-2 (HER2)-amplified breast cancer." | ( Ager, E; Chung, E; Duyverman, AM; Eichler, AF; Engelman, JA; Farrar, CT; Fukumura, D; Goel, S; Hiddingh, L; Huang, Y; Incio, J; Jain, RK; Kamoun, W; Kodack, DP; Lussiez, A; Mahmood, S; Snuderl, M; Song, Y; Tannous, BA; Yamashita, H, 2012) |
| "Brain tumors are among the most common and most chemoresistant tumors." | ( Adams, S; Bessede, A; Bessesde, A; Braidy, N; Brew, BJ; Grant, R; Guillemin, GJ; Teo, C, 2012) |
| "Brain metastases are a common cause of death in stage IV metastatic melanoma." | ( Dudek, AZ; Elmquist, WF; Mittapalli, RK; Vaidhyanathan, S, 2013) |
| "Malignant brain tumors are aggressive in both children and adults." | ( Lee, RX; Li, QQ; Liang, H; Zhong, Y, 2013) |
| "Prevalence of brain metastases is increasing in breast cancer." | ( Bachelot, T; Bonneterre, J; Gilabert, M; Gonçalves, A; Heudel, P; Labidi-Gally, I; Le Rhun, E; Pierga, JY, 2013) |
| "Brain metastases are the most common cause of death in patients with metastatic melanoma, and the RAF-MEK-ERK and PI3K-AKT signaling pathways are key players in melanoma progression and drug resistance." | ( Adam, A; Bauer, J; Beck, D; Bornemann, A; Dummer, R; Eigentler, T; Flaherty, K; Forschner, A; Garbe, C; Honegger, JB; Klumpp, B; Kulms, D; Leiter, U; Mauch, C; Meier, F; Niessner, H; Quintanilla-Martinez, L; Roesch, A; Schadendorf, D; Sinnberg, T; Tabatabai, G; Weide, B; Witte, M, 2013) |
| "Brain metastases are frequently treated with radiation." | ( Allen-Auerbach, M; Chen, W; Czernin, J; DeSalles, AA; Lizarraga, KJ; Phelps, ME; Yong, WH, 2014) |
| "Brain metastases are common in patients with advanced, Human Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor 2 (HER2)-positive breast cancer." | ( Bellon, JR; Come, SE; Eichler, AF; Eisenberg, E; Freedman, RA; Gelman, RS; Harris, GJ; Henderson, MA; Ligibel, JA; Lin, NU; Macdonald, SM; Mahadevan, A; Mayer, EL; Moy, B; Ramakrishna, N; Storniolo, AM; Winer, EP; Younger, J, 2013) |
| "Brain metastases are frequent in patients with metastatic melanoma, indicating poor prognosis." | ( Dummer, R; Eggmann, NB; Felderer, L; Goldinger, SM; Hilfiker, PR; Michielin, O; Mitchell, L; Rinderknecht, JD; Turtschi, CP; Veronese, L, 2014) |
| "Brain tumors are the most common solid tumor diagnosed in childhood that account for significant morbidity and mortality." | ( Crawford, JR; Durden, DL; Hartman, LL; Hasenauer, B; Joshi, S; MacDonald, TJ; Makale, MT; Milburn, M; Salazar, AM; VandenBerg, SR, 2014) |
| "Brain tumors are one of the most challenging disorders encountered, and early and accurate diagnosis is essential for the management and treatment of these tumors." | ( Gao, H; Jiang, X, 2013) |
| "Brain cancer is a devastating disease affecting many people worldwide." | ( Appeldoorn, CC; de Vries, HE; Dorland, R; Gaillard, PJ; Manca, F; Maussang, D; van Dongen, GA; van Kregten, J; van Tellingen, O; Vugts, DJ; Windhorst, B, 2014) |
| "Brain tumors are the second most common cancers after hematological malignancies accounting for approximate 21% of all childhood malignancies in children between ages of 0 and 14 y." | ( Appaji, L; Avinash, T; Das, U; Kavitha, S; Kumari, BS; Lakshmaiah, KC; Padma, M; Sirsath, NT, 2014) |
| "Brain tumors are highly aggressive tumors that are characterized by high levels of matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)-2 and -9 secretions that degrade the extracellular matrix (ECM) and basement membrane, allowing cancer cells to spread to distal organs." | ( Kalinovsky, T; Niedzwiecki, A; Rath, M; Roomi, MW, 2014) |
| "Brain metastases are a major cause of mortality in patients with advanced melanoma." | ( Elmquist, WF; Mittapalli, RK; Sarkaria, JN; Vaidhyanathan, S, 2014) |
| "The formation of brain metastases is intrinsically linked to concomitant angiogenesis." | ( Bertram, A; Hendruschk, S; Kirsch, M; Liebner, C; Lord, EM; Martin, DK; Schackert, G; Sitoci-Ficici, KH; Temme, A; Uckermann, O, 2014) |
| "Brain metastases are associated with substantial morbidity and mortality." | ( Chmura, SJ; Gabikian, P; Garza, M; Lukas, RV, 2014) |
| "Brain metastases are an important clinical problem." | ( Chen, Y; Foster, PJ; Henry, MN; McFadden, CD; Simedrea, FC, 2015) |
| "Brain tumors are a mixed group of neoplasms that originate from the intracranial tissues and the meninges with degrees of malignancy varying greatly from benign to aggressive." | ( Bhattacharyya, M; Hazarika, M; Kataki, AC; Krishnatreya, M; Nandy, P; Sharma, JD, 2014) |
| "Glioblastomas and brain metastases are highly proliferative brain tumors with short survival times." | ( Bachoo, RM; Barnett, S; DeBerardinis, RJ; Foong, C; Hatanpaa, KJ; Huang, Z; Kovacs, Z; Maher, EA; Mashimo, T; Mickey, BE; Nannepaga, S; Piccirillo, SG; Pichumani, K; Singh, DK; Sirasanagandla, S; Tu, BP; Vemireddy, V, 2014) |
| "Brain tumors are commonly treated with alkylating drugs, such as lomustine, which are chemotherapeutic agents." | ( Cohen-Gadol, AA; Harvey, KA; Pollok, K; Saaddatzadeh, MR; Siddiqui, RA; Wang, H; Xu, Z, 2015) |
| "Brain tumors are some of the most challenging types of cancer to treat and the median survival following the initial diagnosis is 12-18 months." | ( Dunn, SE; Rose Pambid, M; Triscott, J, 2015) |
| "Brain metastases are a rare complication of prostate cancer." | ( Buraczewska, A; Dziuk, M; Gizewska, A; Stembrowicz-Nowakowska, Z; Witkowska-Patena, E, 2015) |
| "Pediatric intracranial neoplasms are common and cause substantial neurological morbidity." | ( Bratton, SL; Presson, AP; Riva-Cambrin, J; Williams, CN, 2015) |
| "Brain metastases are common, and stereotactic radiosurgery (SRS) has been used, resulting in excellent local control." | ( Anker, CJ; Bagshaw, HP; Grossmann, KF; Jensen, RL; Ly, D; Shrieve, DC; Tward, JD, 2015) |
| "Brain metastases are a common and serious complication among patients with metastatic melanoma." | ( Abhyankar, S; Ayas, C; Galebach, P; Gauthier, G; Gibney, GT; Guérin, A; Reyes, C; Wu, EQ; Yim, YM, 2015) |
| "Brain cancer is a kind of tough carcinoma because the blood-brain barrier (BBB) remains a formidable obstacle in medicine." | ( Chen, Y; Jiang, M; Jin, L; Li, D; Pan, L, 2016) |
| "Brain tumors and brain metastases are among the deadliest malignancies of all human cancers, largely due to the cellular blood-brain and blood-tumor barriers that limit the delivery of imaging and therapeutic agents from the systemic circulation to tumors." | ( Chu, GC; Chung, LW; Li, Q; Shi, C; Wu, JB; Xu, Q; Yu, JS; Zhang, Y; Zhau, HE, 2015) |
| "Brain metastases are the most common intra-cranial neoplasms." | ( Ghosh, S; Rao, PB, 2015) |
| "Brain tumors are typically composed of heterogeneous cells that exhibit distinct phenotypic characteristics and proliferative potentials." | ( McFarlane, N; Singh, SK; Venugopal, C; Vora, P, 2015) |
| "Brain metastases are common in lung cancer." | ( Borghammer, P; Haraldsen, A; Hjorthaug, K; Højbjerg, JA; Knap, MM; Kramer, SM; Tietze, A; Zacho, HD, 2015) |
| "Malignant brain tumors are characterized by destructive growth and neuronal cell death making them one of the most devastating diseases." | ( Broggini, T; Buchfelder, M; Eyüpoglu, IY; Fan, Z; Savaskan, NE, 2015) |
| "Brain metastases are an increasing problem in women with invasive breast cancer." | ( Adkins, CE; Eldon, MA; Hoch, U; Hye, T; Lockman, PR; Mohammad, AS; Mohan, NK; Nounou, MI; Terrell-Hall, T, 2015) |
| "Primary brain tumors are hallmarked for their destructive activity on the microenvironment and vasculature." | ( Buchfelder, M; Eyüpoglu, IY; Fan, Z; Ghoochani, A; Hock, S; Savaskan, NE; Sehm, T; Yakubov, E, 2016) |
| "Fetal brain tumors are rare." | ( Campos, HG; Cavalheiro, S; Silva da Costa, MD, 2016) |
| "Brain tumors are fast proliferating and destructive within the brain microenvironment." | ( Beckmann, MW; Buchfelder, M; Cao, Z; Dietel, B; Eyupoglu, IY; Fan, Z; Li, W; Savaskan, NE; Wrosch, JK; Wu, Y; Xu, T, 2016) |
| "Brain tumors are highly aggressive tumors characterized by secretions of high levels of matrix metalloproteinase-2 and -9, leading to tumor growth, invasion and metastasis by digesting the basement membrane and extracellular matrix components." | ( Kalinovsky, T; Niedzwiecki, A; Rath, M; Roomi, MW, 2016) |
| "Malignant brain tumors are one of the most lethal cancers." | ( Castro, MG; Lowenstein, PR, 2016) |
| "Malignant brain tumors are highly lethal and aggressive." | ( Gehring, MP; Morrone, FB; Nicoletti, NF, 2016) |
| "Brain cancers are among the most lethal tumors due to their rapid development and poor prognosis." | ( Cryan, JF; Guo, J; O'Driscoll, CM; Schlich, M, 2017) |
| "Malignant brain tumors are known to utilize acetate as an alternate carbon source in the citric acid cycle for their bioenergetics." | ( Bachoo, RM; Baskin, DS; Ijare, OB; Maher, EA; Malloy, CR; Marin-Valencia, I; Mashimo, T; Mickey, BE; Pichumani, K; Vemireddy, V, 2017) |
| "Brain cancer is a highly lethal disease, especially devastating toward both the elderly and children." | ( Kanwar, JR; Mazur, J; Roy, K, 2018) |
| "Brain metastases are observable in 20-40% of non-small cell lung cancer patients, but standard treatments for such metastases may be intolerable to some." | ( Fang, YF; Hsu, PC; Kao, KC; Li, SH; Liu, CY; Tseng, LC; Wang, CC; Yang, CT, 2018) |
| "Brain tumors are associated with increased mortality and morbidity and are the most common cancer type in children and young adults." | ( Alexandraki, KI; Bikis, C; Theocharis, S; Tzanavari, T, 2018) |
| "Most of the brain tumors are resistant to chemotherapeutic drugs, consequently, they have a poor prognosis." | ( Carballo, GB; de Lopes, GPF; Honorato, JR; Spohr, TCLSE, 2018) |
| "Brain metastases are common in treatment-naive stage IV ROS1-positive NSCLC, though the incidence does not differ from that in other oncogene cohorts." | ( Aisner, DL; Bowles, DW; Bunn, PA; Camidge, DR; Doebele, RC; Hancock, M; Le, AT; Patil, T; Purcell, WT; Smith, DE, 2018) |
| "Brain metastases are devastating complications of cancer." | ( Bialecki, E; Biernat, W; Brastianos, PK; Difilippantonio, S; Dolan, EL; Duchnowska, R; Figg, WD; Gril, B; Hall, OM; Hanson, J; Hua, E; Izycka-Swieszewska, E; Jassem, J; Kloc, W; Metellus, P; Nayyar, N; Paranjape, AN; Pauly, GT; Peer, CJ; Pęksa, R; Robinson, C; Schneider, JP; Steeg, PS; Woditschka, S; Wu, X, 2018) |
| "Malignant brain tumors are often characterized by rapid growth, high invasiveness and poor prognosis." | ( Chen, Q; Feng, R; Wang, Y; Yan, H; Zhou, P, 2018) |
| "Brain metastases are the most common intracranial tumors in adults." | ( Barciszewska, AM, 2018) |
| "Brain metastases are challenging daily practice in oncology and remain a compartmental problem since most anti-cancer drugs do not cross the blood-brain barrier at relevant pharmacological concentrations." | ( Angeli, E; Bousquet, G; Darrouzain, F; Desvignes, C; Janin, A; Le, QV; Nevine, O; Nguyen, QT; Nguyen, TT; Nicolas, P; Pailler, MC; Paintaud, G; Rigal, M; Winterman, S; Zelek, L, 2019) |
| "Malignant brain tumors are rapidly progressive and often fatal owing to resistance to therapies and based on their complex biology, heterogeneity, and isolation from systemic circulation." | ( Krichevsky, AM; Uhlmann, EJ, 2019) |
| "Brain metastases are a common cause of mortality in NSCLC patients." | ( Fan, Y; Yu, X, 2019) |
| "Brain metastases are prevalent in various types of cancer and are often terminal, given the low efficacy of available therapies." | ( Agalliu, D; Amer, M; Ben-Eliyahu, S; Benbenishty, A; Blinder, P; Cottarelli, A; Erez, N; Gadrich, M; Glasner, A; Kain, D; Lubart, A; Mayo, L; Shaashua, L, 2019) |
| "Brain metastases are a major cause of death in patients with metastatic breast cancer." | ( Barbault, A; Blackman, C; Bourland, JD; Chan, MD; D'Agostino, RB; Jimenez, H; Kirchner, V; Liu, Y; Lo, HW; Metheny-Barlow, L; Pasche, B; Sharma, S; Sun, P; Thomas, A; Tyagi, A; Watabe, K; Whitlow, CT; Wu, K; Wu, SY; Xing, F; Zhao, D; Zhu, D, 2019) |
| "Brain metastases are a common consequence of advanced lung cancer, resulting in cranial neuropathies and increased mortality." | ( Hoj, JP; Mayro, B; Pendergast, AM, 2019) |
| "Brain tumors are one of the most common causes of cancer-related deaths around the world." | ( Biterge-Sut, B, 2020) |
| "Brain tumors are aggressive and devastating diseases." | ( Forsberg-Nilsson, K; Spyrou, A; Xiong, A, 2020) |
| "The role of AhR in brain tumors is complicated, depending on the type of tumor, on ligands that activate AhR, and other features of the pathological process." | ( Grishanova, AY; Perepechaeva, ML, 2020) |
| "Brain metastases are frequent in HER2-positive breast cancer." | ( Barry, WT; Freedman, RA; Krop, I; Lawler, E; Leone, JP; Li, T; Lin, NU; Metzger Filho, O; Tan-Wasielewski, Z; Tolaney, SM; Trippa, L; Walker, L; Winer, EP; Younger, J, 2020) |
| "Brain cancer is a devastating disease given its extreme invasiveness and intricate location." | ( Grant, GA; Li, J; Trinh, P; Yang, F; Zhu, D, 2021) |
| "Malignant brain tumors are among the deadliest neoplasms with the lowest survival rates of any cancer type." | ( Abbasi, S; Bell, K; Dinakaran, D; Ecclestone, BR; Fieguth, P; Haji Reza, P; Mackey, JR; van Landeghem, FKH, 2020) |
| "While children with brain tumors are surviving at record rates, survivors are at risk of cardiovascular disease and type 2 diabetes mellitus; these conditions may be driven by excess body fat." | ( Burrow, S; Empringham, B; Fleming, A; Jennings, W; Johnston, DL; Portwine, C; Rassekh, SR; Ronsley, R; Samaan, MC; Thabane, L; Zelcer, S, 2020) |
| "Brain tumors are a heterogeneous group of benign and malignant tumors arising from the brain parenchyma and its surrounding structures, with in general a poor clinical outcome due to high recurrence." | ( Davy, A; Fawal, MA; Jungas, T, 2021) |
| "Brain metastases are a most disturbing situation for breast cancer patients as there is basically no adequate treatment available." | ( Meng, F; Qiu, X; Storm, G; Sun, Y; Wei, J; Wei, Y; Zhong, Z, 2021) |
| "HER2-positive brain metastases are treated with surgery, radiation (stereotactic radiosurgery or whole brain radiotherapy), and systemic therapies, and are best managed by an experienced multidisciplinary team." | ( Lin, NU; Stavrou, E; Winer, EP, 2021) |
| "Brain tumors are particularly aggressive and represent a significant cause of morbidity and mortality in adults and children, affecting the global population and being responsible for 2." | ( Calabrese, G; Chisari, G; Conoci, S; De Luca, G; Forte, S; Lombardo, SP; Nocito, G; Rizzo, MG; Sciuto, EL, 2021) |
| "Brain metastases are a leading cause of death in patients with breast cancer." | ( Ahmed, AU; Balyasnikova, IV; Burga, R; Castro, B; Cordero, A; Fares, J; Kanojia, D; Lee-Chang, C; Lesniak, MS; Miska, J; Petrosyan, E; Ramsey, MD; Rashidi, A; Schwartz, CW; Xiao, T; Zhang, P, 2022) |
| "Pediatric brain tumors are the leading cause of cancer death in children and represent a variety of diseases and molecular subtypes." | ( Cole, BL; Leary, SES; Lockwood, CM; Starr, K, 2022) |
| "Brain tumors are among the 10 leading causes of cancer-related death and present unique treatment challenges due to their critical location, genetic heterogeneity, and the blood-brain barrier." | ( Heimberger, A; Li, S; Rao, G; Zhang, S, 2023) |
| "Brain cancer is a challenging disease to treat using conventional approaches." | ( Attallah, KM; El-Kawy, OA; Shweeta, HA, 2022) |
| "The treatment of brain cancer is still challenging for an oncologist due to the presence of the blood-brain barrier (BBB) which inhibits the entry of more than 98 per cent of drugs used during the treatment of brain disease." | ( Jain, P; Pandey, V; Soni, V, 2022) |
| "The treatment of brain cancer is still challenging for an oncologist due to the presence of the blood-brain barrier (BBB) which inhibits the entry of more than 98 per cent of drugs used during the treatment of brain disease." | ( Jain, P; Pandey, V; Soni, V, 2022) |
| "The incidence of primary malignant brain tumors is approximately 7 per 100 000 individuals, and approximately 49% of primary malignant brain tumors are glioblastomas." | ( Mellinghoff, IK; Schaff, LR, 2023) |
| "Patients with brain cancer are at a high risk of developing venous thromboembolism (VTE) and are underrepresented in clinical trials." | ( Alfred, T; Bruette, R; Cohen, A; Dhamane, A; Hines, DM; Luo, X; Noxon, V; Shah, S, 2023) |
| "Brain metastases are especially common in anaplastic lymphoma kinase (ALK)-positive non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC), with a cumulative incidence of over 50% and associated with a poor prognosis, high symptom burden, and decreased quality of life." | ( Lam, VK; Liu, G, 2023) |
| "Brain tumors are rarely present during pregnancy." | ( Batista, S; Bertani, R; Bocanegra-Becerra, JE; Castillo-Huerta, NM; Costa Vieitas, F; Ludeña-Esquivel, A; Oliveira, LB; Takahashi, R, 2023) |
| "Brain cancer is the major reason of cancer-relevant deaths every year, as it is the most challenging cancer to treat and drug delivery." | ( Ostovar, S; Pourmadadi, M; Zaker, MA, 2023) |
| "Patients with brain metastases are often referred for brain radiotherapy (BrRT) when exclusive palliative management would be more appropriate." | ( Alves Reis, LA; Arruda, GV; Barreto, RB; Bodnar, D; Chirichela, IA; de Oliveira, FCG; Martin, GSD; Miranda, IL; Miranda, MHF; Pereira, BR; Pereira, GCB; Peria, FM; Silva, SB; Takiguchi, OMY, 2023) |
| Excerpt | Reference |
|---|
| "Eight men with primary or metastatic brain tumors were examined with brain scans before and after the administration of dexamethasone." | ( Donati, RM; Fletcher, JW; George, EA; Henry, RE, 1975) |
| "Sixty-five patients with malignant brain tumors were treated with a combination of BCNU (100 mg/m2 qd X 1) and procarbazine (100 mg/m2 qd X 14); the cycle was repeated in 1 month and then on a 6-week schedule with procarbazine being given for 21 days." | ( Boldrey, EB; Crafts, DC; Elashoff, RM; Enot, KJ; Levin, VA; Pischer, TL; Schultz, MJ; Seager, M; Wilson, CB, 1976) |
| "Eleven patients with brain tumors recurrent after surgery and radiation therapy were treated with high-dose methotrexate (MTX) (300-500 mg/kg) with citrovorum factor rescue (CFR)." | ( Ghavimi, F; Mehta, BM; Mosende, C; Nirenberg, A; Rosen, G, 1977) |
| "The models discussed include brain tumors produced by local implants of carcinogenic hydrocarbons and by the administration of resorptive N-nitroso compounds, some of the cell lines derived from the latter, tumors resulting from the intracerebral inoculation of oncogenic viruses, and the differentiating neuroepithelial component of a transplantable mouse teratoma." | ( Rubinstein, LJ, 1977) |
| "Four patients suffering from brain metastases were studied by brain scintigraphy carotid angiography and rCBF measurement, before and after one week of treatment with dexamethasone." | ( Baleriaux, D; Capon, A; Fruhling, J; Hildebrand, J; Verbist, A, 1976) |
| "The commonest brain tumors produced in rats from intravenously treated group were periventricular mixed gliomas, while gliomas in rats from transplacentably treated group showed an isomorphic histology with a close resemblance to that of oligodendroglioma." | ( Ishida, Y; Kanda, H; Okamoto, K; Tamura, M, 1975) |
| "c) That some cases of brain cancer showed remarkable response to this form of therapy; more so if radiation therapy was given at the time of administration of the arsenical and bacterial polysaccharide." | ( Rosner, S, 1975) |
| "Patients with brain metastases who have potentially controllable systemic disease should be treated curatively with WBRT (5000 cGy/25 fractions) +/- surgical excision and concomitant chemotherapy." | ( Einhorn, LH; Lester, SG; Morphis, JG; Spears, WT; Williams, SD, 1992) |
| "During chemotherapy and regrowth of brain tumors, tumor-cell heterogeneity, and possibly tumor progression, may change as a result of both the selective forces and mutagenic effects of treatment." | ( Barcellos-Hoff, MH; Deen, DF; Linfoot, PA; Marton, LJ, 1992) |
| "Using the experimental model of brain tumors induced by ethyl-nitrosourea (ENU), human recombinant interleukin-2 (rIL-2) and tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha) were administered to Wistar rats in early stages of carcinogenesis." | ( Arias, A; Coca, S; Morales, C; Oya, S; Vaquero, J; Zurita, M, 1992) |
| "A case of multiple brain metastases from breast carcinoma treated with tamoxifen is described." | ( Larsen, M; Pors, H; Sørensen, OS; von Eyben, FE, 1991) |
| "Oxygen pressure (pO2) in brain tumors, pO2 in brain cortex surrounding the tumors, and PaO2 were measured simultaneously during total resection in 16 patients with previously untreated brain tumors in order to detect hypoxic regions within the tumors." | ( Fujimoto, S; Kayama, T; Sakurai, Y; Yoshimoto, T, 1991) |
| "Four patients with intracranial neoplasms, two with malignant gliomas and two with brain metastases, were treated with stereotactic radiotherapy." | ( Algan, O; Hanson, JM; Kinsella, TJ; Levin, AB; Levine, RL; Mehta, MP; Mendoza, M; Nickles, RJ; Rozental, JM; Schrader, DA, 1991) |
| "Since 1985, inoperable brain tumors, astrocytoma III or glioblastoma multiforme, have been treated by means of fractionated afterloading therapy combines with subsequent percutaneous irradiation." | ( Ernst, H; Sparenberg, A, 1990) |
| "Of the 15 patients who developed brain metastases after prior chemotherapy, 12 had received MAC at least once prior to the diagnosis of brain metastases, and in 5 patients, MAC was the first chemotherapy given after the diagnosis of brain metastases." | ( Jones, WB; Lewis, JL; Wagner-Reiss, KM, 1990) |
| "Twenty-two consecutive patients with brain metastases from breast carcinoma were treated with a combination of platinum (100 mg/m2 day 1) and etoposide (100 mg/m2 days 4, 6, 8) every three weeks." | ( Bacchi, M; Bassi, P; Belsanti, V; Bisagni, G; Boni, C; Cocconi, G; Lottici, R; Passalacqua, R; Tonato, M, 1990) |
| "MRI of brain tumors was performed with CPMG pulse sequence, and T1 and T2 relaxation times were measured before and after the administration of 0." | ( Fujiwara, S; Hishinuma, T; Kubota, R; Matsuzawa, T; Ono, S; Yamada, K; Yamada, S, 1990) |
| "Nine men and one woman with brain metastases from nonseminomatous germ cell tumors have been treated between 1977 and 1984." | ( Bagshawe, KD; Begent, RH; Crawford, SM; Newlands, ES; Rustin, GJ, 1986) |
| "7 of 8 with brain metastases treated by the same modality gave complete remission." | ( Cai, SM; Ding, YQ; Wang, RY, 1986) |
| "Fifteen consenting patients with brain metastases recurrent after cranial irradiation were treated with intraarterial mitomycin-C, 15 mg/m2, administered in a total final volume of 100 ml 0." | ( Benoit, BG; Danjoux, C; Grahovac, Z; Hugenholtz, H; Maroun, JA; Richard, MT; Riding, MD; Russell, NA; Stewart, DJ, 1987) |
| "Fifteen patients with recurrent primary brain tumors were treated with fludarabine phosphate." | ( Brown, LD; Cascino, TL; Dinapoli, RP; Everson, LK; Marschke, RF; Morton, RF; O'Fallon, JR, 1988) |
| "Fourteen patients with brain metastases from previously untreated small-cell lung cancer (SCLC) were treated with three courses of systemic chemotherapy as an initial mode of treatment." | ( Dhingra, HM; Glisson, BS; Holoye, PY; Hong, WK; Lee, JS; Murphy, WK, 1989) |
| "Four pediatric patients with malignant brain tumors were treated with very high-dose etoposide plus very high-dose cyclophosphamide (HD-VP 16/CPM) followed by autologous bone marrow rescue." | ( Hanada, R; Hayashi, Y; Inaba, T; Nishimoto, H; Tsukiyama, T; Yaginuma, A; Yamamoto, K, 1989) |
| "Experiments to date on human brain tumors demonstrate the potential of proton, phosphorous, and sodium magnetic resonance spectroscopy for the evaluation of tumors with respect to their biology, metabolism, and response to treatment." | ( Glickson, JD, 1989) |
| "Thirty-six children with brain tumors were treated with surgery, radiation and/or adjuvant chemotherapy." | ( Baum, ES; Bertolone, SJ; Hammond, GD; Krivit, W, 1989) |
| "Thirty-seven patients with recurrent primary brain tumors were treated with oral melphalan at a dose of 8 mg/m2/day for 5 days every 4-6 weeks." | ( Chamberlain, MC; Levin, VA; Prados, MD; Silver, P, 1988) |
| "Untreated brain tumors were found to exhibit a range of 99mTc-HM-PAO uptake, varying from areas of markedly increased isotope activity to photopenic areas, when compared to normal brain tissue." | ( Babich, JW; Fielding, S; Flower, MA; Fullbrook, A; Keeling, F; McCready, VR; Ott, RJ; Repetto, L; Whitton, A, 1988) |
| "The chemotherapy of malignant brain tumors has been, only partially successful yet." | ( Fushimi, S; Ishino, Y; Kowada, M; Mineura, K; Sasajima, H; Sasaki, J, 1989) |
| "A total of 71 cases with primary brain tumors (44 cases) and metastatic brain tumors (30 cases) were entered into our clinical studies with MCNU and radiation therapy or MCNU alone." | ( Fujioka, Y; Goishi, A; Harada, K; Inagawa, T; Kitaoka, T; Kiya, K; Okamoto, H; Sasaki, U; Shima, T; Uozumi, T, 1985) |
| "Thirteen patients with metastatic brain tumors were treated with two different chemotherapy regimens." | ( Kida, Y; Kobayashi, T; Tanaka, T, 1987) |
| "Thirteen patients with metastatic brain tumors were treated by combined chemotherapy with cisplatin and aclarubicin hydrochloride." | ( Kida, Y; Kobayashi, T; Tanaka, T, 1988) |
| "In case of chemotherapy against brain tumors, it is most important to choose suitable drugs for brain tumors, since human tumors have different drug sensitivity and growth." | ( Endo, Y; Matsutani, M; Nakamura, O; Nishikawa, K; Sasaki, T; Takakura, K; Tanaka, M; Uchida, H, 1988) |
| "Interstitial radiation therapy of brain tumors requires positioning of the radioactive sources with good precision in order to achieve a sufficient dose in the tumor without too much damage to surrounding tissues." | ( Aoyagi, T; Kaneko, I; Kogure, T; Noguchi, M; Ogasawara, A; Seki, T; Terao, H, 1988) |
| "Seven children with previously treated brain tumors were enrolled in a phase I trial of 5-day continuous-infusion procarbazine at 360, 480, and 638 mg/m2/day." | ( Baram, T; Cangir, A; Pack, R; van Eys, J, 1987) |
| "Sixty primary brain tumors (gliomas) were treated by interstitial radiosurgery using 192Ir according to a protocol based on the size of the tumor." | ( Benabid, AL; Chirossel, JP; de Rougemont, J; Henry, S; Louveau, A; Mercier, C; Passagia, JG; Vrousos, C, 1987) |
| "Thirty children treated for brain tumors between 1978-1985 at Kurume university hospital were evaluated for alternation in intellectual, emotional, and social function." | ( Iryo, O; Katayama, M; Kobayashi, S; Kuramoto, S; Miyagi, J; Ootsubo, M; Shigemori, M; Sugita, Y; Uegaki, M, 1987) |
| "Twenty-eight patients with malignant brain tumors (16 with primary brain tumors and 12 with brain metastases) progressing after cranial irradiation with or without chemotherapy received varying doses of intracarotid VP-16." | ( Feun, LG; Lee, YY; Savaraj, N; Wallace, S; Yung, WK, 1987) |
| "Cerebral edema produced by brain tumors is clinically and experimentally reduced by steroid therapy." | ( Del Maestro, RF; Farrell, CL; Reichman, HR, 1986) |
| "A patient with brain metastases from prostatic cancer received chemotherapy using CDDP alone." | ( Kobayashi, H; Miyaji, N; Nakajo, M; Niimura, K; Onohara, S; Shinohara, S; Ueki, K, 1986) |
| "Primary chemotherapy of brain metastases yielded responses in 27 of 52 patients (52%) treated with Cytoxan (cyclophosphamide) (C), 5-fluorouracil (F) and prednisone (P); 19 of 35 (54%) receiving CFP-methotrexate (M) and vincristine (V); 3 of 7 (43%) treated with MVP, and 1 of 6 (17%) receiving Cytoxan plus Adriamycin (doxorubicin) (CA)." | ( Lane, WW; Nemoto, T; Rosner, D, 1986) |
| "Five children with brain tumors, who had had no prior chemotherapy, were treated with combination chemotherapy including nitrogen mustard, vincristine sulfate, procarbazine, prednisolone (MOPP) and intrathecal methotrexate." | ( Akita, H; Hashimoto, T; Hirose, M; Matsumoto, K; Miki, Y; Miyao, M; Ninomiya, T; Saijo, T; Sato, J, 1986) |
| "Another patient had bilateral brain metastases 3 months after achieving complete remission with chemotherapy, followed 4 months later by systemic relapse." | ( Ayala, AG; Dexeus, FH; Hossan, E; Logothetis, CJ; Samuels, ML, 1987) |
| "All 4 patients with brain metastases became lethargic, and 3 died during or shortly after therapy." | ( Droller, MJ, 1987) |
| "Thirty five patients with brain metastases and edema were treated with dexamethasone." | ( Bascuas Asta, JL; Bascuas Meliz, S; Gutiérrez Amares, MT; Machuca Munoz, L, 1985) |
| "Treatment of brain tumors by intra-arterial (IA) chemotherapy is occasionally complicated by sites of focal toxicity in the brain and retina." | ( Blacklock, JB; Blasberg, RG; Dedrick, RL; Doppman, JL; Lutz, RJ; Oldfield, EH; Wright, DC, 1986) |
| "Sixteen patients with primary malignant brain tumors, recurrent or progressive after surgery and radiation therapy, were treated with mitoguazone." | ( Bodey, GP; Feun, LG; Savaraj, N; Stewart, DJ; Yung, WK, 1985) |
| "Forty-one patients with recurrent primary malignant brain tumors were treated with 2,5-diaziridinyl 3,6-bis (carboethoxyamino), 1,4-benzoquinone (AZQ) at an initial dose of 6-8 mg/m2/day X 5 days." | ( Bedikian, AY; Benjamin, RS; Burgess, MA; Feun, LG; Fields, WS; Leavens, ME; Obbens, EA; Savaraj, N; Stewart, DJ; Yung, WK, 1984) |
| "Fifty-two patients with active brain tumors and 8 patients with brain lesions from surgical treatment and/or radio- and/or chemotherapy of their brain tumors were examined by positron emission tomography (PET) using (68Ga)-EDTA in addition to conventional X-ray computed tomography (XCT)." | ( Heiss, WD; Herholz, K; Ilsen, HW; Pawlik, G; Sato, M; Wienhard, K, 1984) |
| "Patients with brain metastases who may achieve a complete response should be treated with curative intent and receive aggressive WBRT (5,000 rad/25 fractions) with concomitant chemotherapy." | ( Einhorn, LH; Hornback, NB; Lester, SG; Morphis, JG; Williams, SD, 1984) |
| "Nineteen patients with brain tumors were orally administered 300 mg of UFT (a combination of FT and uracil with a molar ratio being 1:4) before operation and the concentrations of FT, 5-FU and Uracil in tumors and serum were measured by chemical assay." | ( Matsumoto, S; Nogaki, H; Tamaki, N; Taomoto, K, 1983) |
| "Thirty-five patients with malignant brain tumors (23 with primary brain tumors and 12 with brain metastases) progressing after cranial irradiation +/- chemotherapy received cisplatin, 60 to 120 mg/m2, into the internal carotid artery by a transfemoral approach." | ( Benjamin, RS; Burgess, MA; Chuang, VP; Feun, LG; Leavens, ME; Savaraj, N; Stewart, DJ; Wallace, S; Young, SE; Yung, WK, 1984) |
| "Thirty-one patients with metastatic brain tumors were treated with Radiotherapy (RT) and CCNU or with RT, CCNU and Levamisole (LMS) in a randomized clinical trial." | ( Knerich, R; Paoletti, P; Pavesi, L; Preti, P; Robustelli della Cuna, G, 1984) |
| "12 patients with brain tumors were treated with a combination of procarbazine, CCNU (bis-2-chloroethyl-3-cyclohexyl-1-nitrosourea) and vincristine." | ( Biran, S; Brufman, G; Catane, R; Halpern, J; Sulkes, A, 1984) |
| "In addition, four nongliomatous primary brain tumors were treated in this fashion." | ( Aldama-Leubbert, A; Bryan, RN; DeSantos, L; Ehni, G; Horowitz, B; Lehane, DE; Mahoney, D; Moiel, R; Rudolph, L; Zubler, MA, 1983) |
| "Twenty-nine patients with primary brain tumors recurrent or progressive after cerebral irradiation were treated with AZQ." | ( Dinapoli, RP; Eagan, RT; Groover, RV; Hermann, RC; Layton, DD, 1983) |
| "Twenty-nine patients with recurrent primary malignant brain tumors were treated with 1-(2-chlorethyl)-3-(2,6-dioxo-3-piperidyl)-1-nitrosourea (PCNU) at an initial dose of 110 mg/m2 with subsequent doses determined by the degree of delayed toxicity." | ( Benjamin, RS; Bodey, GP; Burgess, MA; Feun, LG; Leavens, ME; Savaraj, N; Stewart, DJ, 1983) |
| "Thirty-one patients with metastatic brain tumors that either failed to respond or recurred after conventional therapy were treated by intra-arterial infusion of 100 mg/m2 of 1,3-bis(2-chloroethyl)-1-nitrosourea (BCNU) into either a carotid or vertebral artery." | ( Byrne, TN; Cascino, TL; Deck, MD; Posner, JB, 1983) |
| "Thirty-four untreated patients with brain metastases recorded by CAT scans or radionuclide scans plus neurological examinations underwent the treatment." | ( Jelicic, I; Kolarić, K; Matković, A; Roth, A, 1982) |
| "A combination chemotherapy regimen for brain tumors was developed, based on investigations of the survival of animals harboring the intracerebral 9L rat brain-tumor model and on analyses of their clonogenic tumor cells." | ( Dougherty, DV; Gerosa, MA; Rosenblum, ML; Wilson, CB, 1983) |
| "Twenty-two patients with brain tumors were initially treated with surgery, radiation therapy, and/or adjuvant chemotherapy." | ( Champion, LA; D'Souza, BJ; Khan, AB; Leventhal, BG; McCullough, DC; Sinks, LF; Wharam, MD; Woo, SY, 1982) |
| "We treated the patients with malignant brain tumors using ACNU and PSK pre- and post-operatively, and 4 year survival rate was 35." | ( Hokama, Y; Hori, T; Muraoka, K; Saito, Y; Takami, M, 1982) |
| "Ten patients with brain tumors and indwelling ventricular reservoirs were pretreated with 5% to 10% dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) (intravenous, oral, or both) and were then treated with 1." | ( Aisner, J; Bachur, NR; Colvin, M; Egorin, MJ; Kaplan, RS; Salcman, M; Wiernik, PH, 1982) |
| "The present results suggested that rat brain tumors induced by transplacental administration ENU exhibit de-repression of DNA template normally repressed in the adult state." | ( Enzan, H; Hara, H; Kutsukake, F; Miyao, M; Moriki, T; Yamane, T, 1982) |
| "To extend these results to human brain neoplasms, we estimate that one cannula would be sufficient to treat a 1-cm tumor or a larger tumor that could be surgically reduced." | ( Kroin, JS; Penn, RD, 1982) |
| "We treated 183 patients who had brain metastases with whole-brain radiation therapy (RT) and adrenocorticosteroids utilizing a new high-dose radiation protocol." | ( Cairncross, JG; Kim, JH; Posner, JB, 1980) |
| "The effects of Ap on malignant brain tumors were considered due to synergy, since it was administered with other drugs and acceleration of tumor cellular differentiation." | ( Hara, H; Hirohata, M; Maruiwa, H; Shigemori, M; Sugita, Y; Tsuda, H, 1995) |
| "External radiation therapy for brain tumors exposes healthy areas of brain to considerable doses of radiation." | ( Johansson, R; Kauppinen, R; Soimakallio, S; Tenhunen, M; Usenius, JP; Usenius, T; Vainio, P, 1995) |
| "In the treatment of multiple brain metastases, it is recommendable to irradiate the whole brain including temporal lobe and lamina cribrosa, but not the eye lenses." | ( Schulze, WG, 1994) |
| "Five cases of children with primary brain tumors who were treated with carboplatin and developed acute allergic reactions are presented." | ( Chang, SM; Crouse, V; Fryberger, S; Prados, MD; Tilford, D, 1995) |
| "Animals with brain tumors treated with 4HC had a median survival span of 77 days compared to the median survival of 21 days in BCNU-treated animals and median survival of 14 days in untreated animals." | ( Brem, H; Buahin, KG; Colvin, OM; Domb, A; Epstein, JI; Judy, KD; Olivi, A, 1995) |
| "Patients with SCLC who presented with brain metastases at diagnosis (n = 11) or during follow-up evaluation after treatment (n = 69) were treated with teniposide at a dose of 150 mg/m2 intravenously on days 1, 3, and 5 at 3-week intervals in an outpatient setting." | ( Ardizzoni, A; Giaccone, G; Haaxma-Reiche, H; Kirkpatrick, A; Postmus, PE; Quoix, E; Sahmoud, T; Smit, EF; van Zandwijk, N, 1995) |
| "This report concerns four patients with brain metastases from breast carcinoma treated initially by systemic chemotherapy." | ( Bastit, P; Chevallier, B; Couteau, C, 1994) |
| "Using the experimental model of brain tumors induced by ethyl-nitrosourea (ENU), interferon-alpha 2b and human recombinant tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF) have been administered to Wistar rats between 100 and 130 days of life (one injection each week, by intraperitoneal route, of 100 micrograms of TNF and 10(4) IU of interferon-alpha 2b, in a total volume of 1 ml per injection)." | ( Cabrera, MM; Morales, C; Oya, S; Vaquero, J; Zurita, M, 1994) |
| "Conventional therapy for brain metastases is usually whole-brain irradiation." | ( Bass, D; Hickman, BT; Khansur, T; Routh, A, 1994) |
| "These findings would favor primary brain tumors as suitable targets for bioreductive therapy." | ( Cruickshank, G; Fitzsimmons, SA; Lewis, AD; Rampling, R; Workman, P, 1994) |
| "The SF-767 brain tumors were extremely responsive to BE-4-4-4-4 alone (3 of 8 complete regressions after 2 cycles); however, the growth of the U-87 MG brain tumor was only slightly inhibited by BE-4-4-4-4 treatment." | ( Basu, HS; Casero, RA; Dolan, ME; Feuerstein, BG; Fleig, MJ; Luk, GD; Marton, LJ, 1994) |
| "The rate of brain metastases was significantly lower in patients treated with methotrexate and nitrosurea containing schedules and PCI, compared to those who were treated with other schedules (irrespective of PCI)." | ( de Jonge, A; Karim, AB; Meyer, OW; Njo, KH; Slotman, BJ, 1993) |
| "The chemotherapy for malignant brain tumors creates two major problems to be solved viz systemic toxicity and interference by the blood brain barrier." | ( Kawasaki, H; Shimizu, T; Takakura, K; Umezawa, Y, 1994) |
| "Patients with malignant brain tumors requiring multiple craniotomies and external beam radiotherapy are at risk of scalp wound breakdown secondary to fibrosis and radiation damage." | ( Black, P; Giannakopoulos, G; Granick, M; McCormack, T; Nair, S; Solomon, M, 1994) |
| "Unresectable brain metastases remain an untreatable disease." | ( Ardizzoia, A; Barni, S; Conti, A; Lissoni, P; Maestroni, G; Tancini, G, 1994) |
| "Direct delivery of TGF-alpha-PE38 into brain tumors by controlled-release biodegradable polymers or intratumoral implanted catheters, or intrathecal administration into the colony stimulating factor of patients with leptomeningeal metastasis, may represent clinically useful applications of recombinant toxin therapy in tumors with high EGFR expression." | ( Brem, H; Catterall, M; Colvin, OM; Levow, C; Pastan, I; Phillips, PC, 1994) |
| "Therapy of brain metastases is difficult and mostly unsuccessful, with brain metastases being the predominant factor which determines overall survival." | ( Czarnetzki, BM; Schadendorf, D; Worm, M, 1993) |
| "Rats with brain tumors established by intracerebral injection of wild-type or HSV-TK modified tumor cells or by a combination of wild-type and HSV-TK-modified cells were studied with and without ganciclovir treatments." | ( Barba, D; Gage, FH; Hardin, J; Ray, J, 1993) |
| "Patients with brain tumors often undergo radiotherapy, and the cellular resistance is a major obstacle." | ( Andoh, T; Hara, A; Nozawa, Y; Sakai, N; Yamada, H; Zhang, W, 1993) |
| "Sixty pediatric patients with recurrent primary brain tumors were treated on a multiinstitutional Phase II study of intravenous thiotepa at a dose of 65 mg/m2 administered every 3 weeks." | ( Allen, JC; Balis, FM; Gillespie, A; Heideman, RL; Horowitz, ME; Kovnar, EH; Lange, B; Packer, RJ; Reaman, GH; Steinberg, SM, 1993) |
| "Chemotherapy for brain tumors remains unsatisfactory." | ( Fisher, R; Sterling-Levis, K; Tobias, V; White, L, 1995) |
| "We evaluated hearing in children with brain tumors treated with conventional dose cisplatin followed by high-dose carboplatin." | ( Bayer, LA; Budnick, AS; Finlay, JL; Freilich, RJ; Kraus, DH, 1996) |
| "Therapy of brain tumors has been limited by lack of effective methods of drug delivery." | ( Brem, H; Sipos, EP, 1995) |
| "Monitoring therapy in patients with brain tumors is very difficult and unreliable." | ( Diksic, M; Takeda, N; Yamamoto, YL, 1996) |
| "Clinical presentation and treatment of brain metastases in soft-tissue sarcoma are discussed." | ( Arepally, G; Kenyon, LC; Lavi, E, 1996) |
| "A 29-year-old white man with brain metastases secondary to malignant melanoma consistently had suboptimal phenytoin concentrations while receiving chemotherapy consisting of cisplatin, carmustine, dacarbazine, and tamoxifen." | ( Gattis, WA; May, DB, 1996) |
| "Thirteen cases of brain cancer treated by radiation therapy were examined by 1H magnetic resonance spectroscopy and gadolinium-enhanced T1-weighted magnetic resonance imaging and reexamined at 2-month intervals." | ( Levendag, PC; Oudkerk, M; Sijens, PE; van Dijk, P; Vecht, CJ, 1995) |
| "Three patients with pediatric malignant brain tumors (two medulloblastomas and one medullomyoblastoma) underwent high dose chemotherapy including CBDCA, VP-16, and MCNU with PBSCT." | ( Kowada, M; Mineura, K; Sasajima, T; Takeda, O; Watanabe, A, 1996) |
| "Growing cells from human brain tumors have been treated in vitro and in vivo with murine therapeutic retroviral producer cells." | ( Blázquez, MG; Cortés, ML; de Felipe, P; Isla, A; Izquierdo, JM; Izquierdo, M; Martín, V; Paz, JF; Pérez-Higueras, A, 1996) |
| "Few chemicals are effective in causing brain tumors experimentally after systemic administration of low doses; a notable exception is one group of N-nitroso compounds, the nitrosamides (in particular the nitrosoureas)." | ( Davis, RL; Holly, EA; Lijinsky, W; Mueller, BA; Pogoda, JM; Preston-Martin, S, 1996) |
| "Their stereotactic injection in 9L brain tumors and GCV treatment did not result in any increase of survival." | ( Baudson, N; Brotchi, J; Cool, V; Dargent, JL; Gérard, C; Goldman, S; Hildebrand, J; Levivier, M; Pirotte, B; Velu, T, 1996) |
| "Melanoma patients with multiple brain metastases not amenable to surgery or stereotactic radiotherapy were treated with total brain irradiation in fractions of 2." | ( Bohndorf, W; Bröcker, EB; Engenhart, K; Flentje, M; Kämpgen, E; Messer, P; Tilgen, W; Trcka, J, 1996) |
| "Seventy patients with intracranial neoplasms were studied before receiving surgery, radiotherapy or chemotherapy." | ( Calabrese, G; Falini, A; Lipari, S; Losa, M; Origgi, D; Scotti, G; Triulzi, F, 1996) |
| "Thirty patients with recurrent primary brain tumors were treated with a combination of 5-fluorouracil and leucovorin." | ( Buckner, JC; Cascino, TL; Goldberg, RM; Kuross, SA; Levitt, R; Morton, RF; O'Fallon, JR; Scheithauer, BW; Veeder, MH; Wiesenfeld, M, 1996) |
| "Glioblastoma multiforme is a malignant primary brain tumor associated with short patient survival despite aggressive treatment, in part because of its propensity to aggressively infiltrate into brain tissue." | ( Bhushan, A; Khoshyomn, S; Penar, PL; Tritton, TR, 1997) |
| "Infants and young children who have brain tumors have a poor rate of survival and high treatment associated morbidity." | ( Ater, JL; Bruner, J; Copeland, DR; Moore, B; van Eys, J; Woo, SY, 1997) |
| "Fourteen cases of metastatic brain tumors from lung cancer underwent biochemical modulation chemotherapy with daily administration of small doses of CDDP (5 or 10 mg/day) and continuous infusion of 5-FU (300 mg/day) for three tow six weeks." | ( Hagiwara, Y; Kanayama, T; Moriuchi, S; Nakagawa, H; Yamada, M, 1997) |
| "Growth retardation of inoculated brain tumors and prolonged survival of inoculated rats were observed with treatment with the anticancer agents, except cisplatin." | ( Fujimoto, S; Iwadate, Y; Namba, H; Sueyoshi, K; Tagawa, M; Yamaura, A, 1997) |
| "Eighteen patients (41%) presented with brain metastases at primary diagnosis (group 1), four (9%) developed brain metastases at relapse after a previous favorable response to combination chemotherapy (group 2), and 22 (50%) developed brain metastases during or directly after cisplatin-based chemotherapy." | ( Bokemeyer, C; Hartmann, JT; Haupt, A; Kanz, L; Köhne, H; Metzner, B; Nowak, P; Schmoll, HJ, 1997) |
| "Patients who develop brain metastases during systemic treatment should receive only palliative radiation therapy, since sustained survival will not be reached." | ( Bokemeyer, C; Hartmann, JT; Haupt, A; Kanz, L; Köhne, H; Metzner, B; Nowak, P; Schmoll, HJ, 1997) |
| "Nine patients had brain metastases, and seven patients were systemically pretreated." | ( de Mulder, PH; Jansen, RL; Muller, EW; Punt, CJ; van Herpen, CM; Vreugdenhil, G, 1997) |
| "Metastatic brain tumors are frequently treated by radiation therapy alone." | ( Matsutani, M, 1997) |
| "Children who have brain tumors are at risk for a variety of treatment-related sequelae, including neuropsychological and cognitive impairment, neurologic deficits, and neuroendocrinologic disturbances." | ( Davis, PC; Morris, R; Padgett, CA; Shapiro, MB; Waldrop, SM, 1998) |
| "In children with brain tumors, MR spectroscopy of brain tissue remote from the tumor reveals treatment-related biochemical changes." | ( Davis, PC; Morris, R; Padgett, CA; Shapiro, MB; Waldrop, SM, 1998) |
| "Thirty patients with primary brain tumors underwent neuropsychologic assessment before and during treatment with methylphenidate." | ( Levin, VA; Meyers, CA; Valentine, AD; Weitzner, MA, 1998) |
| "Twenty-three patients with brain metastases from non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) (median age 62 years, Karnofsky PS 50-100) were treated with cisplatin (100 mg/m2, day 1) and teniposide (80 mg/m2, days 1, 3 and 5) every 3 weeks." | ( Betti, M; Corgna, E; Crinò, L; Darwish, S; Meacci, ML; Minotti, V; Palladino, MA; Tonato, M, 1998) |
| "The prognosis in patients with primary brain tumors treated with surgery, radiotherapy and conventional chemotherapy remains poor." | ( Antman, KH; Bagiella, E; Balmaceda, C; Bruce, J; De LaPaz, R; Fetell, M; Garrett, TJ; Garvin, JH; Hawks, R; Hesdorffer, CS; Isaacson, S; Papadopoulos, KP; Savage, DG; Sisti, M; Vahdat, LT, 1998) |
| "In cases of brain metastases (n = 12) radiation therapy was added." | ( Fuchs, T; Keilholz, U; Proebstle, TM; Scheibenbogen, C; Sterry, W, 1998) |
| "Patients with brain tumors can be safely treated with higher doses of docetaxel (23 mg/m2 twice a week) without toxicity." | ( Georgoulias, V; Giatromanolaki, A; Kakolyris, S; Koukourakis, MI; Schiza, S, 1999) |
| "Clinical data regarding brain metastases from MGCT at diagnosis (Group 1 [56 patients]) or after cisplatin-based chemotherapy (Group 2 [83 patients]) were collected retrospectively." | ( Bokemeyer, C; Culine, S; Fosså, SD; Gerl, A; Germa-Luch, JR; Jones, WG; Mead, GM; Pont, J; Schmoll, HJ; Tjulandin, S, 1999) |
| "Among patients with brain metastases at the time of diagnosis of an MGCT, cisplatin-based chemotherapy resulted in a 5-year cause specific survival rate of 45%, with cerebral radiotherapy having limited impact." | ( Bokemeyer, C; Culine, S; Fosså, SD; Gerl, A; Germa-Luch, JR; Jones, WG; Mead, GM; Pont, J; Schmoll, HJ; Tjulandin, S, 1999) |
| "The conventional treatment of brain metastases not amenable to surgery is most often radiotherapy." | ( Boni, C; Carlini, P; Cocconi, G; Di Costanzo, F; Di Sarra, S; Fosser, V; Franciosi, V; Michiara, M; Tonato, M, 1999) |
| "Patients with a histologically confirmed primary brain tumor with evidence of progression after radiation therapy were eligible." | ( Burch, PA; Dinapoli, RP; Etzell, PS; Leitch, JM; Marks, RS; Morton, RF; Nair, S; O'Fallon, JR; Rajkumar, SV; Scheithauer, B, 1999) |
| "Rats bearing 9L brain tumors in situ were imaged during inhalation of room air and after administration of 100% oxygen + acetazolamide (ACZ) injected 15 mg/kg intravenously." | ( Chau, RI; Grossman, Z; Mazurchuk, R; Straubinger, RM; Zhou, R, 1999) |
| "Chemotherapy for malignant brain tumors has a limited efficacy largely due to restricted blood-brain barrier permeability for chemotherapeutic drugs." | ( Chowhan, N; Davis, R; Hentschel, P; Iliya, A; Madajewicz, S; Manzione, J; Meek, A; Roche, P; Roque, C; Shady, M; Tfayli, A, 1999) |
| "A total of 19 brain tumors (17 metastatic and 2 primary, a meningioma and a central neurocytoma) in eight patients were treated with stereotactic radiosurgery." | ( Fujibayashi, Y; Ishii, Y; Kubota, T; Maruyama, I; Sadato, N; Tsuchida, T; Waki, A; Yonekura, Y; Yoshida, M, 1999) |
| "Patients with brain tumors are routinely monitored for tumor progression and response to therapy using magnetic resonance imaging (MRI)." | ( Dillon, WP; Nelson, SJ; Vigneron, DB, 1999) |
| "The patient died due to brain metastases 20 months after the start of intra-arterial chemotherapy." | ( Hasegawa, N; Kazama, A; Kondo, N; Tomita, M, 1999) |
| "Patients were treated for brain metastases (n = 37), primary cerebral lymphoma (n = 2), primary brain tumors (n = 7), or with prophylactic intention (n = 3)." | ( Leicht, A; Motaref, B; Nestle, U; Nieder, C; Niewald, M; Schnabel, K, 1999) |
| "Fifteen adult patients with brain tumors receiving combination chemotherapy with procarbazine, lomustine, and vincristine volunteered for this open parallel-group study." | ( Joensuu, H; Kivistö, KT; Mäenpää, H; Neuvonen, PJ; Villikka, K, 1999) |
| "Rats bearing 9 L brain tumors were treated with an intratumoral injection of AdexCACD followed by intraperitoneal administration of 5-FC." | ( Adachi, Y; Furuta, T; Hamada, H; Ichikawa, T; Matsumoto, K; Ohmoto, T; Ono, Y; Tamiya, T; Yoshida, Y, 2000) |
| "Because brain metastases are a sign of systemic progression, and chemotherapy was found to be effective as well, it becomes questionable whether WBRT is the only appropriate therapy in this situation." | ( Clerico, M; Curran, D; Giaccone, G; Gregor, A; Groen, HJ; Haaxma-Reiche, H; Karnicka, H; Kirkpatrick, A; Lewinski, T; Postmus, PE; Sahmoud, T; Smit, EF; van Meerbeeck, J, 2000) |
| "Over the same period, 310 patients with primary malignant brain tumors were treated without brachytherapy." | ( Brat, DJ; Crocker, IR; Houston, SC; Olson, JJ, 2000) |
| "Eight patients with brain tumors: 3 meningiomas, 2 astrocytoma grade IV, 1 astrocytoma oligodendroglioma grade II-IV and 2 metastases, were examined with PET and 76Br-BrdU on three occasions: immediately after injection of the tracer, at 4-6, and at 18-20 hours after administration." | ( Bergström, M; Fasth, KJ; Gudjonssona, O; Kristjansson, S; Långström, B; Nyberg, G; Wu, F, 2001) |
| "The diagnosis of brain tumors after high-dose radiation therapy is frequently limited by the lack of metabolic discrimination available with conventional imaging methods." | ( Chang, S; Dillon, WP; Graves, EE; Larson, D; McDermott, M; Nelson, SJ; Prados, MD; Verhey, L; Vigneron, DB, 2001) |
| "Malignant gliomas are the most common primary brain tumors in adults and, with few exceptions, have a dismal prognosis despite the therapeutic use of surgery, radiation therapy, and chemotherapy." | ( Bateman, A; Diaz, RM; Galanis, E; James, CD; Johnson, K; Russell, SJ; Vile, R, 2001) |
| "Twelve patients with brain tumors and progressive edema caused by tumor progression or radiochemotherapy-related leukoencephalopathy were treated with H15, a phytotherapeutic anti-inflammatory agent." | ( Bitzer, M; Dichgans, J; Schabet, M; Streffer, JR; Weller, M, 2001) |
| "Treatment of malignant brain tumors with chloroethylnitrosoureas (CENUs) in addition to surgical resection and radiotherapy remains the foundation of glioma therapy." | ( Chen, ZP; Huang, Q; Pan, J; Sun, ZF; Wang, AD; Zhou, LY, 2001) |
| "Lymph node, skin and brain metastases were cultivated for up to 3 weeks and treated with interferon-alpha, interferon-gamma or mock stimulation." | ( Burg, G; Dummer, R; Geertsen, R; Hofbauer, GF; Laine, E, 2001) |
| "We report a case in which brain metastases originating from breast cancer responded to treatment with oral capecitabine." | ( Royce, ME; Schomer, DF; Theriault, RL; Wang, ML; Yung, WK, 2001) |
| "Development of brain metastases despite extracerebral response to systemic immunotherapy is a common problem in melanoma patients." | ( Harel, W; Mitchell, MS; Staib, L, 2001) |
| "The CSF from patients with brain tumors with progressive disease not responding to treatment contained high levels of LSP comparable to the levels found in newly diagnosed patients." | ( Dafni, U; Glantz, MJ; Katopodis, N; Kim, L; Perides, G; Wu, JK, 2001) |
| "For patients whose brain metastases remain untreated, the prognosis is poor." | ( Sawaya, R, 2001) |
| "Treatment of malignant brain tumors remains a clinical challenge." | ( Engebraaten, O; Fodstad, O; Hirschberg, H; Hjortland, GO; Juell, S, 2002) |
| "Contemporary treatment of malignant brain tumors has been hampered by problems with drug delivery to the tumor bed." | ( Brem, H; Langer, R; Lesniak, MS, 2001) |
| "Twenty-two patients with brain tumors were treated by infusion of boronophenylalanine-fructose (BPA-f) followed by exposure to epithermal neutrons." | ( Busse, PM; Goorley, JT; Harling, OK; Kiger, WS; Palmer, MR; Riley, KJ; Zamenhof, RG, 2002) |
| "Fifty-two patients with brain metastases from solid tumors were randomized to oral temozolomide (75 mg/m(2)/d) concurrent with 40-Gy fractionated conventional external-beam radiotherapy (2 Gy, 5 d/wk) for 4 weeks versus 40-Gy radiotherapy alone." | ( Antonadou, D; Coliarakis, N; Economou, I; Karageorgis, P; Paraskevaidis, M; Sarris, G; Throuvalas, N, 2002) |
| "Primary brain tumors (gliomas) have the unusual ability to diffusely infiltrate the normal brain thereby evading surgical treatment." | ( Deshane, J; Garner, CC; Sontheimer, H, 2003) |
| "Metastatic brain tumors (MBT) are the most frequent complication of systemic cancer and often respond poorly to treatment." | ( Baujan, MA; Bourekas, EC; Chakeres, DW; Christoforidis, GA; Newton, HB; Slivka, MA; Slone, W; Volpi, C, 2003) |
| "A second patient with NSCLC and brain metastases who progressed after treatment with chemotherapy and WBRT was treated with temozolomide (150 mg/m(2) for 5 days in a 28-day cycle) and gemcitabine (1,000 mg/m(2) weekly for 2 weeks in a 3- week cycle)." | ( Ebert, BL; Niemierko, E; Salgia, R; Shaffer, K, 2003) |
| "Radiation therapy for five primary brain tumors is discussed based on the results of prospective trials." | ( Kono, T; Nankoh, S; Shibamoto, Y; Taniguchi, H; Tomita, N; Tsuji, H, 2003) |
| "We report four cases of Brain Metastases (BM) from non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) responding to ZD 1839 therapy after standard therapy failure." | ( Ardizzoni, A; Bartolini, S; Calandri, C; Cappuzzo, F; Crinò, L; Gridelli, C; Maione, P; Santoro, A; Soto-Parra, H; Tiseo, M, 2003) |
| "Combined treatment of primary brain tumors (surgery + postoperative radiotherapy) causes alteration of brain metabolism, even in regions of the brain far from the postoperative tumor bed and receiving relatively low total doses of radiation." | ( Maciejewski, B; Rutkowski, T; Sokol, M; Tarnawski, R, 2003) |
| "Although multiple brain metastases were seen 36 months later, vertigo was mostly controlled with whole brain radiotherapy." | ( Kobayashi, Y; Maruyama, T; Natsume, T; Saito, T; Shimizu, T; Tanaka, H; Tohnosu, N; Watanabe, Y, 2003) |
| "First-line chemotherapy for brain metastases or with only minor neurological signs and symptoms, and who have an indication for systematic chemotherapy for metastases elsewhere in the body." | ( van den Bent, MJ, 2003) |
| "The response of brain tumors to systemic chemotherapy is limited by the blood-tumor barrier (BTB)." | ( Keefer, LK; Oldfield, EH; Pluta, RM; Saavedra, JE; Walbridge, S; Weyerbrock, A, 2003) |
| "Adult patients with recurrent primary brain tumors were treated with PA on two different schedules." | ( Berger, MS; Chang, SM; Clifford Schold, S; Gilbert, M; Ian Robins, H; Kuhn, JG; Mehta, MP; Pollack, I; Prados, MD; Spence, AM, 2003) |
| "Primary brain tumors including anaplastic astrocytomas and glioblastoma multiforme are difficult to treat because of their locally invasive nature and relative resistance to chemotherapy and radiation therapy." | ( Cohen, KA; Frankel, AE; Liu, TF; Puri, RK; Tatter, SB; Willingham, MC, 2003) |
| "In order to treat malignant brain tumors by local delivery of antineoplastic agents, the feasibility of 5-fluorouracil (5-FU)-sustained release biodegradable microspheres with a novel material, poly(methylidene malonate 2." | ( Benoit, JP; Breton, P; Colin, N; Fournier, E; Passirani, C; Sagodira, S, 2004) |
| "Malignant brain tumors present a major therapeutic challenge because no selective or efficient treatment is available." | ( Bjerkvig, R; Fischer, W; Gronli, J; Gustafsson, L; Mork, S; Mossberg, AK; Svanborg, C, 2004) |
| "The use stereotactic radiosurgery for brain metastases has expanded recently and adds to local treatment options." | ( Coit, DG; Wong, SL, 2004) |
| "Functional imaging of brain tumors assists biopsy localization, therapy monitoring, and differentiating tumor recurrence from radiation necrosis." | ( Hainfellner, JA; Killer, M; Leitha, T; Marosi, C; Nasel, C; Puig, S; Staudenherz, A; Wolfsberger, S, 2004) |
| "Inoperable melanoma brain metastases are usually uniformly fatal, and complete response after cytotoxic therapy is rare." | ( Dvorak, J; Hadzi-Nikolov, D; Melichar, B; Petera, J; Zizka, J, 2004) |
| "Pediatric patients with brain tumors can loose 1 SD of height prior to beginning growth hormone (GH) therapy." | ( Mason, PW; Meacham, LR; Sullivan, KM, 2004) |
| "We observed a case of multiple brain metastases in an EOC patient after complete response of a pelvic recurrence to platinum/paclitaxel chemotherapy." | ( Cesák, T; Kohlová, T; Melichar, B; Nová, M; Urminská, H, 2004) |
| "Eight patients with brain tumors were treated with this system." | ( Castillo, M; Cush, S; Ewend, M; Knock, L; Matheus, MG; Morris, DE; Smith, JK, 2004) |
| "Glioblastomas, the most common primary brain cancers, respond poorly to current treatment modalities and carry a dismal prognosis." | ( Bentires-Alj, M; Black, PM; Bonif, M; Bours, V; Deprez, M; Erkmen, K; Haddada, H; Jolois, O; Khac, MT; Merville, MP; Robe, PA; Rogister, B, 2004) |
| "Forty-two patients with brain metastases from NSCLC and performance status ECOG 0-2 were randomised to receive either whole brain radiotherapy (WBRT) alone (20Gy in five fractions) or the same radiotherapy plus concomitant carboplatin (70 mg/m(2) intravenously for 5 days)." | ( Ball, DL; Guerrieri, M; Millward, M; Quong, G; Ryan, G; Wong, K, 2004) |
| "However, its use in treatment of brain tumors is limited due to low blood-brain barrier permeability and serious side effects associated with administration of the paclitaxel solvent, Cremophor EL." | ( Allen, DD; Koziara, JM; Lockman, PR; Mumper, RJ, 2004) |
| "Mice carrying brain metastases of the human, highly angiogenic melanoma cell line Mel57-VEGF-A were either or not treated with different dosages of ZD6474, a vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) receptor 2 tyrosine kinase inhibitor with additional activity against epidermal growth factor receptor." | ( de Waal, R; Heerschap, A; Küsters, B; Leenders, WP; Maass, C; Ruiter, D; Ryan, A; Verrijp, K; Wesseling, P, 2004) |
| "Placebo-treated Mel57-VEGF-A brain metastases evoked an angiogenic response and were highlighted in CE-MRI." | ( de Waal, R; Heerschap, A; Küsters, B; Leenders, WP; Maass, C; Ruiter, D; Ryan, A; Verrijp, K; Wesseling, P, 2004) |
| "Correlations between the sensitivity of brain metastases and extracranial disease following treatment with gefitinib were also investigated." | ( Fujiwara, K; Hisamoto, A; Hotta, K; Kiura, K; Kozuki, T; Okada, T; Tabata, M; Tanimoto, M; Ueoka, H, 2004) |
| "As astrocytomas, the most common of all brain tumors, are still very difficult to treat, we examined the influence of newly synthesized ruthenium-based complexes, as well as the earlier synthesized analogue platinum(IV) complexes [Pt(dmgly)2Cl2], [Pt(sar)2Br2] and [Pt(dmgly)2Br2], on rat astrocytoma C6 cells in vitro." | ( Djinović, V; Grgurić-Sipka, S; Miljković, D; Momcilović, M; Mostarica Stojković, M; Sabo, T; Trajković, V, 2004) |
| "One hundred four primary brain tumor patients diagnosed before 17 years of age from 1983 to 1997 had been treated in Tampere University Hospital, Finland." | ( Ala-Houhala, M; Harmoinen, AP; Lenko, HL; Mäkipernaa, A; Pietilä, S; Turjanmaa, V, 2005) |
| "Subspecialists who treat patients with brain tumors need more education on this issue." | ( Drazkowski, JF; Lyons, MK; Sirven, JI; Wingerchuk, DM; Zimmerman, RS, 2004) |
| "The diagnosis and therapy of childhood brain tumors, most of which are low grade, can be complicated because of their frequent adjacent location to crucial structures, which limits diagnostic biopsy." | ( Anthony, DC; Astrakas, LG; Black, PM; De Girolami, U; Tarbell, NJ; Tzika, AA; Zarifi, MK; Zurakowski, D, 2004) |
| "Eighty-five brain metastases in 81 patients were investigated before treatment and 16-18h thereafter." | ( Abe, K; Chernov, MF; Hayashi, M; Hori, T; Izawa, M; Kubo, O; Ono, Y; Usukura, M, 2004) |
| "Conventional treatment for brain metastases (BM) is whole-brain radiotherapy (WBRT)." | ( Abdel-Hamid, AH; Holmes, M; Lind, M; Maraveyas, A; Sgouros, J; Upadhyay, S, 2005) |
| "Patients (n=32) with brain metastases were treated with TMZ 150 mg/m2/day (chemotherapy-pretreated) or 200 mg/m2/day (chemotherapy-naive) for 5 days, combined with CDDP 75 mg/m2 on day 1, every 28 days." | ( Aravantinos, G; Bafaloukos, D; Bamias, A; Carina, M; Christodoulou, C; Klouvas, G; Linardou, H; Skarlos, D, 2005) |
| "In these primary brain tumors changes in urinary DiAcSpm were well correlated with the efficacy of treatments, recurrence of disease and increased malignancy of a tumor." | ( Hiramatsu, K; Kariyone, K; Kawaguchi, M; Kawakita, M; Mori, T; Sasaki, Y; Shinoura, N; Takahashi, K; Tamamori, Y; Tanaka, T; Yamada, R, 2005) |
| "Sixty four patients with melanoma brain metastases were treated in our department within a 15-year period." | ( Bafaloukos, DI; Brountzos, EN; Kelekis, DA; Panagiotou, IE; Papathanasiou, MA, 2005) |
| "CONCLUSION Brain metastases often develop early in the course of treatment for stage IIIA/B NSCLC." | ( Albain, KS; Chansky, K; Crowley, JJ; Gandara, DR; Gaspar, LE; Livingston, RB; Rusch, V; Vallieres, E, 2005) |
| "The treatment of malignant brain tumors is hampered by the presence of the blood-brain barrier, which limits chemotherapy penetration to the central nervous system (CNS)." | ( Benko, A; Boudrias, M; Desjardins, A; Fortin, D; Niyonsega, T, 2005) |
| "The therapy of brain tumors has been limited by a lack of effective methods of drug delivery to the brain." | ( Lesniak, MS, 2005) |
| "BNCT treatment of 9L brain tumors in a rat model using beta-D-5-o-carboranyl-2'-deoxyuridine (D-CDU) resulted in greater efficacy than predicted based on the assumption of a uniform tumor distribution of (10)B." | ( Hernández-Santiago, BI; Hurwitz, SJ; Moore, C; Schinazi, RF; Tan, C; Wang, C, 2005) |
| "Human malignant brain tumors have a poor prognosis in spite of surgery and radiation therapy." | ( Kiwit, JC; Reszka, R; von Eckardstein, KL, 2005) |
| "Chemotherapy for the treatment of brain metastases arising from non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) has been limited by poor efficacy and high toxicity." | ( Hada, M; Horiuchi, T, 2005) |
| "Malignant brain tumors and the therapies used to treat them can present challenging problems." | ( Stewart-Amidei, C, 2005) |
| "Patients with brain metastases (26 patients) benefited from gefitinib therapy at least equally well as those without brain metastatic disease." | ( Dudek, AZ; Keshtgarpour, M; Kmak, KL; Koopmeiners, J, 2006) |
| "Nine patients with brain tumors were imaged before and 24 hr after administration of a USPIO at a dose of 2." | ( Froehlich, J; Merlo, A; Radue, EW; Taschner, CA; Tolnay, M; Wetzel, SG, 2005) |
| "We reported a case whose brain metastases disappeared with re-treatment with gefitinib." | ( Goto, H; Imao, M; Kato, T; Nakashima, M; Sano, K; Yasuda, S; Yoshimura, K, 2005) |
| "The prognosis for patients with malignant primary brain tumors has been poor, and until recently, there was little evidence that chemotherapy was beneficial." | ( Gilbert, MR, 2006) |
| "Despite adjuvant chemotherapy, multiple brain metastases developed, but they were eradicated by stereotactic radiosurgery." | ( Hamono, K; Kaneda, Y; Saito, K; Sakano, H; Tanaka, T; Ueda, K, 2006) |
| "The infection of RG2 brain tumors with RCR-CD and their subsequent treatment with 5-FC significantly prolonged survival compared with that in animals with RG2 transduced tumors treated with PBS." | ( Chen, TC; Kasahara, N; Kershaw, AD; Klatzmann, D; Solly, SK; Tai, CK; Wang, W, 2006) |
| "The skull and brain tumors had been successfully treated by surgery, thyroxine supplementation, and radiosurgery until she died of sudden intracerebral hemorrhage which had no connection with tumor treatment." | ( Ogawa, Y; Sakuma, T; Seki, H; Sugawara, T, 2006) |
| "We have shown that animals that have brain tumors and are treated with a herpes simplex virus (HSV)-derived OV live significantly longer when cyclophosphamide (CPA) is preadministered." | ( Breymann, L; Caligiuri, MA; Chiocca, EA; Fulci, G; Gianni, D; Kaur, B; Kurozomi, K; Louis, DN; Rhee, SS; Weissleder, R; Yu, J, 2006) |
| "Malignant brain tumors remain refractory to adenovirus type 5 (Ad5)-based gene therapy, mostly due to the lack of the primary Ad5 receptor, the coxsackie and adenovirus receptor, on brain tumor cells." | ( Borovjagin, A; Curiel, DT; Dent, P; Fisher, PB; Han, Y; Khramtsov, A; Lesniak, MS; Sonabend, AM; Tyler, MA; Ulasov, IV, 2006) |
| "Lack of effective therapy of primary brain tumors has promoted the development of novel experimental approaches utilizing oncolytic viruses combined with gene therapy." | ( Gillespie, GY; Guffey, MB; Luckett, WS; Markert, JM; Meleth, S; Parker, JN; Whitley, RJ, 2007) |
| "Forty-five patients with asymptomatic brain metastases from melanoma were stratified into arm A (no prior chemotherapy; n = 21) and arm B (previous chemotherapy; n = 24)." | ( Egberts, F; Garbe, C; Hauschild, A; Kreissig, M; Linse, R; Mohr, P; Schadendorf, D; Thoelke, A; Tilgen, W; Trefzer, U; Ugurel, S; Vogt, T, 2006) |
| "Glioblastomas are malignant brain tumors that are rarely curable, even with aggressive therapy (surgery, chemotherapy, and radiation)." | ( Cerniglia, GJ; Gupta, AK; Maity, A; Pore, N, 2006) |
| "The treatment of intracranial U-87 MG brain tumors in nude mice with 2C5-DoxLCL provides a significant therapeutic benefit over control formulations, substantially reducing the tumor size and almost doubling the survival time." | ( Gupta, B; Torchilin, VP, 2007) |
| "In 21 consecutive patients with brain metastases, axial images of three sequences at 3T were obtained after administration of gadoteridol." | ( Hanamiya, M; Hiai, Y; Kakeda, S; Kamada, K; Kitajima, M; Korogi, Y; Moriya, J; Ohnari, N; Sato, T, 2007) |
| "Outcomes in patients with brain metastases undergoing whole-brain radiotherapy (WBRT) are hardly encouraging, and an improvement in results is therefore needed." | ( Grohe, C; Hedde, JP; Kleinschmidt, R; Ko, YD; Lange, O; Losem, C; Metzler, U; Neuhaus, T; Schmidt-Wolf, IG; Schüller, H; Stier, S, 2007) |
| "Sixty patients with brain metastases and their proxy completed the Functional Assessment of Cancer Therapy-Brain (FACT-BR) questionnaire independently." | ( Barnes, EA; Bradley, NM; Chan, G; Chow, E; Danjoux, C; Doyle, M; Lam, K; Li, K; Sinclair, E; Tsao, MN, 2007) |
| "Glioblastomas are malignant brain tumors that are very difficult to cure, even with aggressive therapy consisting of surgery, chemotherapy, and radiation." | ( Bernhard, EJ; Cerniglia, GJ; Georgescu, MM; Gupta, AK; Hahn, SM; Jiang, Z; Maity, A; Mick, R; Pore, N, 2007) |
| "A plan for the treatment of four brain metastases (targets) was generated." | ( Angelopoulos, A; Georgiou, E; Karaiskos, P; Kipouros, P; Sandilos, P; Tatsis, E; Torrens, M; Vlachos, L, 2006) |
| "33 patients with brain metastases were included in the study and treated with TMZ 60 mg/m2/day (days 1-16) concomitantly with WBI (36 Gy/12 fractions given in 16 days)." | ( Balafouta, MJ; Kolokouris, D; Kouloulias, VE; Kouvaris, JR; Miliadou, A; Papacharalampous, XN; Vlahos, LJ, 2007) |
| "Older patients and patients with brain tumors or strokes were preferentially treated with LEV for prevention and/or management of seizures (all P < or = 0." | ( Meckler, JM; Privitera, MD; Shutter, LA; Szaflarski, JP; Szaflarski, M; Yates, SL, 2007) |
| "Despite intensive research, brain tumors remain among the most difficult type of malignancies to treat, due largely to their diffusely invasive nature and the associated difficulty of adequate surgical resection." | ( Benos, DJ; Bubien, JK; Fuller, CM; Ross, SB, 2007) |
| "Patients with relapsed malignant brain tumors who were given an individualized treatment of pegylated (PEG)-liposomal doxorubicin and topotecan were included in our study." | ( Fels, C; Hau, P; Janssen, G; Liebeskind, AK; Peters, O; Sauerbrey, A; Suttorp, M; Wagner, S; Wolff, JE, 2008) |
| "High-grade primary brain tumors remain refractory to conventional treatment approaches, including radiotherapy and cytotoxic chemotherapy." | ( Newton, HB, 2007) |
| "Malignant brain tumors carry a pejorative prognosis and necessitate aggressive therapy." | ( Bleichner-Perez, S; Dubois, F; Le Jeune, F; Steinling, M, 2007) |
| "The chemotherapy of brain metastases follows the recommendations for the respective primary tumors." | ( Weller, M, 2008) |
| "Treatment of brain neoplasms can greatly benefit from better delineation of bulk neoplasm boundary and the extent and degree of more subtle neoplastic infiltration." | ( Cai, H; Chawla, S; Davatzikos, C; Lee, SK; Melhem, ER; Ou, Y; Verma, R; Wolf, R; Zacharaki, EI, 2008) |
| "It is important to check brain metastases under maintenance chemotherapy." | ( Fukai, H; Ichikawa, G; Kita, E; Kuwana, Y; Matsumoto, H; Nakayama, Y; Ohta, Y; Takami, M; Takimoto, T; Yamamoto, T, 2008) |
| "Twenty-five patients with untreated brain metastases from breast cancer were treated with cisplatin (at a dose of 20 mg/m(2)/day, Days 1-5) and vinorelbine (6-mg/m(2) bolus on Day 1 and 6 mg/m(2)/day continuous infusion on Days 1-5) chemotherapy combined with concurrent 30-gray fractionated external-beam radiotherapy." | ( Bachelot, T; Blay, JY; Cassier, PA; Claude, L; Curé, H; Ferlay, C; Gomez, F; Guastalla, JP; Lancry, L; Lortholary, A; Ray-Coquard, I; Sunyach, MP, 2008) |
| "Glioblastoma multiforme is an invasive primary brain tumor, which evades the current standard treatments." | ( Alvarez, SM; Bryan, L; Kapitonov, D; Kordula, T; Milstien, S; Paugh, BS; Singh, SK; Spiegel, S; Wilczynska, KM, 2008) |
| "Patients with treated brain metastases were allowed." | ( Ardman, B; Fidias, P; Heist, RS; Huberman, M; Lynch, TJ; Sequist, LV; Temel, JS, 2008) |
| "The nine (25%) patients with treated brain metastases had no episodes of cerebral hemorrhage." | ( Ardman, B; Fidias, P; Heist, RS; Huberman, M; Lynch, TJ; Sequist, LV; Temel, JS, 2008) |
| "Patients with brain tumors and seizures should be treated with non-enzyme-inducing antiepileptic drugs (AED)." | ( Novy, J; Rossetti, AO; Stupp, R, 2009) |
| "As favorable outcomes from malignant brain tumors remain limited by poor survival and treatment-related toxicity, novel approaches to cure are essential." | ( Goldhoff, P; Hope, A; Jackson, E; Limbrick, DD; Perry, A; Piwnica-Worms, D; Rubin, JB; Warrington, NM; Woerner, BM, 2008) |
| "Eleven patients with primary brain tumors undergoing cranial radiation therapy (RT) were included." | ( Cao, Y; Chenevert, TL; Elias, A; Gomez Hassan, DM; Junck, L; Lawrence, TS; McKeever, P; Nagesh, V; Rogers, L; Sundgren, PC; Tsien, C, 2009) |
| "In elderly patients with brain tumors, the prevention of postoperative systemic complications is extremely important, and identification of the risk factors would be useful for planning therapy." | ( Asano, K; Nakano, T; Ohkuma, H; Takeda, T, 2009) |
| "First clinical reports on treating brain metastases with temozolomide describe varying effects." | ( Heppner, FL; Ingold, B; Moch, H; Schraml, P, 2009) |
| "We report the case of a patient with primary brain tumor who developed cytomegalovirus associated colonic pseudotumor as an opportunistic infection while receiving chemotherapy with Temozolomide and radiation." | ( De Jesus, A; Grossman, SA; Paun, O, 2009) |
| "Physicians referring patients with brain metastases for consideration of WBRT are often overly optimistic when estimating the clinical benefit of the treatment and overestimate patient survival." | ( Barnes, EA; Bradley, NM; Chow, E; Danjoux, C; Doyle, M; Lam, K; Li, K; Tsao, MN, 2010) |
| "A two-field brain cancer treatment plan was performed with the both codes." | ( Auterinen, I; Kankaanranta, L; Koivunoro, H; Kotiluoto, P; Kumada, H; Savolainen, S; Seppälä, T, 2009) |
| "Forty (40) patients (27 with primary brain tumors and 13 with intracranial metastases) were examined 6 months after radiation therapy." | ( Danieli, R; Filippi, L; Nicolì, P; Santoni, R; Schillaci, O, 2009) |
| "Assessment of hypoxic conditions in brain tumors is important for predicting tumor aggressiveness and treatment response." | ( Higano, S; Iwata, R; Kanamori, M; Kumabe, T; Saito, R; Shibahara, I; Sonoda, Y; Takai, Y; Takanami, K; Tominaga, T; Watanabe, M, 2010) |
| "Treatment of high-grade primary brain tumors is based on experience from multicenter trials." | ( Atkinson, IC; Damen, F; Lu, A; Thulborn, KR; Villano, JL, 2009) |
| "Five months later, diffuse and multiple brain metastases relapsed, and second-line chemotherapy did not respond well, and finally he was died 3 months after palliative care." | ( Doi, T; Hoshi, M; Iijima, S; Kato, A; Kato, T; Kikkawa, N; Kurokawa, E; Makari, Y; Miyake, Y; Miyo, M; Ooshima, S; Sakamoto, T, 2009) |
| "Seven patients with brain metastases from melanoma were treated on a North Central Cancer Treatment Group (NCCTG) trial (N0274) of TMZ plus WBRT." | ( Bearden, JD; Behl, D; Brown, PD; Deming, RL; Markovic, SN; Rowland, KM; Sande, JR; Schild, SE, 2010) |
| "Poor drug delivery to brain tumors caused by aberrant tumor vasculature and a partly intact blood-brain barrier (BBB) and blood-brain tumor barrier (BTB) can significantly impair the efficacy of chemotherapy." | ( Artemov, D; Holm, DA; Kato, Y; Okollie, B, 2010) |
| "Glioma is the most common type of brain tumors in adults, and treatment of high-grade gliomas is still palliative." | ( Choi, TG; Choi, WJ; Ding, Y; Ha, J; Han, X; Huh, YB; Kim, SS; Kim, YH; Kim, YJ; Yoon, SH, 2010) |
| "However, drug delivery into primary brain tumors and metastases is impeded by the blood-brain tumor barrier (BTB), significantly limiting drug use in brain cancer treatment." | ( Black, KL; Ding, H; Espinoza, A; Hu, J; Inoue, S; Konda, B; Ljubimov, AV; Ljubimova, JY; Patil, C; Patil, R; Wawrowsky, KA, 2010) |
| "15 patients with brain metastases were reported; in 6 of them at diagnosis and 9 respectively during follow-up (6 weeks-28 months after end of therapy, mean=10 months)." | ( Calaminus, G; Göbel, U; Schneider, DT; Schönberger, S; Teske, C, 2010) |
| "Treatment of brain metastases includes intensified chemotherapy and surgical resection, irradiation has to be considered in special clinical situations." | ( Calaminus, G; Göbel, U; Schneider, DT; Schönberger, S; Teske, C, 2010) |
| "Under certain circumstances, primary brain tumor patients require chronic corticosteroid therapy and can suffer from striae distensae." | ( Coyle, TE; Desjardins, A; Friedman, HS; Peters, KB; Reardon, DA; Vredenburgh, JJ, 2011) |
| "Since 1999, patients presenting with brain metastases (BM) from breast cancer (BC) are treated in our institution with a carmustine (BCNU)--methotrexate (MTX) combination." | ( About, M; Gerlotto-Borne, MC; Jacot, W; Pouderoux, S; Poujol, S; Romieu, G; Thezenas, S, 2010) |
| "Glioblastomas (GBM) are lethal brain tumors that are highly resistant to therapy." | ( Bachoo, RM; Burma, S; Camacho, CV; Hahm, B; McEllin, B; Mukherjee, B; Tomimatsu, N, 2010) |
| "Median survival of patients with brain metastases from nonsmall cell lung cancer (NSCLC) is poor and more effective treatments are urgently needed." | ( Catot, S; Colomer, R; de Castro, J; Guillem, V; Gúrpide, A; Isla, D; Lianes, P; Massutí, B; Mayo, C; Paz-Ares, L; Polo, E; Porta, R; Pradas, A; Puig, T; Queralt, C; Reguart, N; Rosell, R; Salinas, P; Sánchez-Torres, JM; Tarón, M, 2011) |
| "A major focus of brain cancer research today is to translate understanding of glioma biology into advances in treatment, by exploring the potential of target therapy." | ( Alexandru, O; Bäcklund, LM; Ciubotaru, V; Danoiu, S; Dragutescu, L; Dricu, A; Georgescu, AM; Purcaru, O; Sevastre, A; Tataranu, L, 2011) |
| "Primary brain tumors (PBT), in particular gliomas, are among the most difficult neoplasms to treat, necessitating good quality imaging to guide clinicians at many junctures." | ( Lam, WW; Ng, DC; Ong, SC; See, SJ; Wong, WY; Yu, SW, 2011) |
| "Glioblastoma, the most common primary brain tumor, has a poor prognosis, even with aggressive resection and chemoradiotherapy." | ( Chen, YW; Chiou, SH; Huang, PI; Hueng, DY; Kao, CL; Ma, HI; Sytwu, HK; Tai, LK, 2011) |
| "We investigated whether brain tumors show resistance to therapies against Notch, and whether targeting multiple pathways simultaneously would kill brain tumor cells more effectively than monotherapy." | ( Bar, EE; Eberhart, CG; Gaiano, N; Gopalakrishnan, V; Marchionni, L; Schreck, KC; Taylor, P, 2010) |
| "Patients with infratentorial brain metastases of highly malignant pediatric non-epithelial tumors are in a severe clinical state, but still can have longer and useful lives with aggressive multimodal treatments combined with radical surgical resection." | ( Kumabe, T; Niizuma, H; Osawa, S; Saito, R; Sonoda, Y; Tominaga, T; Watanabe, M, 2011) |
| "Patients irradiated for brain tumors often suffer from cerebral edema and are usually treated with dexamethasone, which has various side effects." | ( Abdel-Tawab, M; Becker, G; Gerbeth, K; Grosu, AL; Hug, MJ; Kirste, S; Lubrich, B; Momm, F; Treier, M; Wehrle, SJ, 2011) |
| "Aggressive brain tumors were intracranially established in nude rats by using human U87 glioma genetically marked with a firefly luciferase reporter gene (U87-luc), and the rats were stereotactically treated with 2 intracranial injections of deimmunized EGFATFKDEL via convection-enhanced delivery (CED)." | ( Oh, S; Ohlfest, JR; Panoskaltsis-Mortari, A; Tsai, AK; Vallera, DA, 2011) |
| "In vivo, when rats with brain tumors were intracranially treated with drug via CED and a novel HF catheter to reduce backflow, there were significant tumor reductions in 2 experiments (p < 0." | ( Oh, S; Ohlfest, JR; Panoskaltsis-Mortari, A; Tsai, AK; Vallera, DA, 2011) |
| "Medical treatment of brain metastases (BM) is still a controversial issue in cancer therapy being mainly limited by the existence of the BBB." | ( Addeo, R; Caraglia, M, 2011) |
| "Gliomas are the most common primary brain tumor, and their treatment is still a challenge." | ( Avramidis, D; Cruz, M; Delwar, ZM; Follin, E; Hua, Y; Paulsson, KM; Siden, Å; Yakisich, JS, 2012) |
| "A total of 60 NSCLC patients with brain metastases were divided into two groups in this prospective clinical study: concurrent systemic chemotherapy and WBRT group (concurrent group) and sequential systemic chemotherapy/WBRT group (sequential group)." | ( Che, L; DI, LJ; Fang, J; Jiang, HF; Ren, J; Song, GH; Yu, J; Zhu, YL, 2011) |
| "As the incidence of brain metastases appears to be rising, more accurate non-invasive imaging modalities for diagnosis, prognosis, prediction and follow-up of treatment are requisites for efficient patient management." | ( Hesselmann, V; Jacobs, AH; Niederstadt, T; Paulus, W; Rahbar, K; Riemann, B; Schäfers, M; Schober, O; Stummer, W; Waerzeggers, Y; Weckesser, M; Willich, N, 2010) |
| "Patients with brain metastases are often treated with whole brain radiation therapy (WBRT) for purposes of palliation." | ( Jimenez, R; Loeffler, JS; Niemierko, A; Oh, KS; Shih, HA; Son, CH, 2012) |
| "Forty-one patients with brain metastases from lung cancer were treated in our hospital from January 2007 to October 2010." | ( Katzumata, A; Kawauchi, M; Kuramoto, S; Matsumoto, Y; Ono, Y; Toyoshima, A; Toyota, Y, 2011) |
| "Treatments for women with recurrent brain metastases from breast cancer are limited." | ( Bullitt, E; Eisenberg, E; Freedman, RA; Gelman, R; Harris, G; Krop, IE; Ligibel, JA; Lin, NU; Partridge, AH; Sun, L; Winer, EP, 2011) |
| "Previously treated brain metastases were allowed." | ( Eroglu, Z; Fruehauf, JP; Jakowatz, JG; Kong, KM; Samlowski, W, 2011) |
| "A significant number of brain metastases were uniformly nonpermeable, which highlights the need for developing treatment strategies that can overcome the permeability of the BBB." | ( Chambers, AF; Chen, Y; Foster, PJ; McFadden, C; Percy, DB; Ribot, EJ; Simedrea, C; Steeg, PS, 2011) |
| "Symptomatic brain metastases (BM) frequently occurs after initial treatment of non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC)." | ( Hanna, N; Langer, C; Monberg, M; Ortuzar, W; Peng, G; Pennella, E; Scagliotti, G, 2012) |
| "Approximately 30-40% of brain tumors patients who present with status epilepticus (SE) will not respond to typical therapy consisting of benzodiazepines and phenytoin (PHT), resulting in patients with refractory status epilepticus (RSE)." | ( Doreswamy, M; Gingrich, KJ; Kolls, BJ; Swisher, CB; Vredenburgh, JJ, 2012) |
| "Our results of combined treatment of brain metastases are presented and available approaches to brain irradiation and chemotherapy are discussed." | ( Ivanov, VG; Korytova, LI; Masliukova, EA; Meshechkin, AV; Zhabuna, RM, 2011) |
| "Glioblastoma is the most common primary brain tumor and is uniformly fatal despite aggressive surgical and adjuvant therapy." | ( Hong, S; Hu, XP; Hwang, SN; Olson, JJ; Park, JC; Shim, H; Wei, L; Yoon, Y; Zhang, Z, 2012) |
| "As multiple brain metastases were confirmed by contrast-enhanced computed tomography, cranial irradiation (30 Gy in 10 fractions)was administered." | ( Harada, H; Ito, S; Munakata, K; Ogawa, Y; Yamaguchi, T, 2012) |
| "In patients with melanoma and untreated brain metastases, nine of ten patients had reductions in size of brain lesions." | ( Arkenau, TH; Blackman, SC; Brown, MP; Curtis, CM; Falchook, GS; Hamid, O; Infante, JR; Kefford, RF; Kim, KB; Kurzrock, R; Lebowitz, P; Long, GV; Ma, B; Millward, M; O'Day, SJ; Ouellet, D; Pavlick, AC, 2012) |
| "Ten patients with brain metastases treated with WBRT at 30 Gy in ten daily fractions were enrolled in this trial." | ( Allen, AM; Ben-Ami, M; Davidson, T; Djaldetti, R; Fenig, E; Inbar, E; Kundel, Y; Reshef, A; Steinmetz, A; Ziv, I, 2012) |
| "In a novel experimental brain metastases model, intravenously administered F3 cells migrated near lung cancer metastatic lesions, which were induced by the injection of lung cancer cells via the intracarotid artery." | ( Ito, M; Iwami, K; Kim, SU; Kinjo, S; Lee, HJ; Momota, H; Motomura, K; Natsume, A; Nishimira, Y; Ohka, F; Ohno, M; Wakabayashi, T; Wang, C, 2012) |
| "These brain tumors are often resistant to chemotherapies like temozolomide (TMZ) and there are very few treatment options available to patients." | ( Berns, R; Dunn, SE; Fotovati, A; Hu, K; Kast, RE; Kong, E; Lee, C; Luk, M; Pambid, M; Toyota, B; Toyota, E; Triscott, J; Yip, S, 2012) |
| "Because these brain metastases do not respond to therapy, they are frequently the reason for treatment failure." | ( Ager, E; Chung, E; Duyverman, AM; Eichler, AF; Engelman, JA; Farrar, CT; Fukumura, D; Goel, S; Hiddingh, L; Huang, Y; Incio, J; Jain, RK; Kamoun, W; Kodack, DP; Lussiez, A; Mahmood, S; Snuderl, M; Song, Y; Tannous, BA; Yamashita, H, 2012) |
| "In the case of diffuse brain metastases, treatment is based on whole brain radiotherapy (WBRT)." | ( Bachelot, T; Campone, M; Cropet, C; Curé, H; Dalenc, F; Diéras, V; Domont, J; Ferrero, JM; Gonçalves, A; Gutierrez, M; Jimenez, M; Labbe-Devilliers, C; Le Rhun, E; Leheurteur, M; Pierga, JY; Romieu, G, 2013) |
| "by CED for the treatment of brain tumors and that a formulation that may be safe when given systemically may be highly neurotoxic when administered directly into the brain." | ( Agius, L; Barth, RF; Boulikas, T; Chaudhury, AR; Elleaume, H; Huo, T; Koynova, R; Lee, RJ; Nakkula, RJ; Tenchov, B; Yang, W, 2012) |
| "The incidence of brain metastases per month in patients not treated with TKI therapy was 1." | ( Agarwal, S; Chi, M; Dudek, AZ; Elmquist, WF; Mittapalli, RK; Oberoi, R; Raza, A; Singhal, M, 2013) |
| "Dogs with palliatively treated primary brain tumors, particularly those with tumors in the cerebellum, pons, or medulla, had a poor prognosis." | ( Jones, JC; Robertson, JL; Rossmeisl, JH; Zimmerman, KL, 2013) |
| "Glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) are brain tumors that are exceptionally resistant to both radio- and chemotherapy regimens and novel approaches to treatment are needed." | ( Augustin, E; Brautigan, DL; Dziegielewska, B; Dziegielewski, J; Gray, LS; Hosing, AS; Larner, JM; Valerie, NC, 2013) |
| "For the treatment of brain metastases from NSCLC, the combined therapy of WBRT plus TMZ improves OR, but without significant improvement in OS." | ( Bi, ZF; He, Y; Liao, K; Liu, YM, 2012) |
| "The presence of untreated brain metastases may not influence its efficacy combined with paclitaxel-carboplatin." | ( Besse, B; Chaubet-Houdu, M, 2013) |
| "Management approaches to brain metastases include surgical resection, whole-brain radiotherapy, and stereotactic radiosurgery (SRS)." | ( Anzalone, N; Combs, SE; Dörfler, A; Essig, M; Ganslandt, O; Lee, SK; Picozzi, P, 2013) |
| "Unlike many other primary brain tumors seen in adults, PCNSL is potentially curable; therefore, balancing treatment decisions with long-term neurocognitive effects and toxicities is crucial." | ( Doucet, S; Kumthekar, P; Raizer, J, 2013) |
| "Malignant melanoma with brain metastases remains a difficult disease to treat." | ( Jackson, C; Lim, M; Mathios, D; Nicholas, S, 2013) |
| "Its activity on brain metastases makes pemetrexed attractive in combination with whole-brain radiation therapy (WBRT), but it could also potentially increase toxicity." | ( Bauduceau, O; Ceccaldi, B; Chargari, C; Dulou, R; Fournel, P; Guy, JB; Jacob, J; Le Moulec, S; Magné, N; Moriceau, G; Moussaid, Y; Pacaut, C; Rivoirard, R; Védrine, L, 2013) |
| "Successful treatment of brain tumors such as glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) is limited in large part by the cumulative dose of Radiation Therapy (RT) that can be safely given and the blood-brain barrier (BBB), which limits the delivery of systemic anticancer agents into tumor tissue." | ( Al Zaki, A; Alonso-Basanta, M; Baumann, BC; Bhang, D; Davis, JJ; Dorsey, JF; Joh, DY; Kao, GD; Murty, S; Santoiemma, PP; Stangl, M; Sun, L; Tsourkas, A, 2013) |
| "Forty-seven patients had brain metastases at the start of first-line anti-vascular endothelial growth factor therapy, and the rest developed metastases during follow-up." | ( Al-Harbi, H; Choueiri, TK; Heng, DY; Knox, JJ; Kollmannsberger, C; MacKenzie, M; North, S; Rini, BI; Vickers, MM, 2013) |
| "The clinical data of men with brain metastases from GCT treated in a single cancer hospital from January 1993 to September 2007 were reviewed." | ( Boyle, HJ; Droz, JP; Fléchon, A; Jouanneau, E, 2013) |
| "The ability to diagnose brain cancer rapidly from serum samples is of great interest; such a diagnosis would allow for rapid testing and time to results providing a responsive diagnostic environment, ability to monitor treatment efficacy, early detection of recurrent tumours and screening techniques." | ( Abel, P; Ashton, K; Baker, MJ; Davis, C; Dawson, T; Hands, JR; Lea, RW; McIntosh, AJ, 2013) |
| "Radiologic response of brain tumors is traditionally assessed according to the Macdonald criteria 10 weeks from the start of therapy." | ( Furuse, M; Hiramatsu, R; Kawabata, S; Kuroiwa, T; Miyatake, S, 2013) |
| "Among brain tumors, glioblastoma multiforme appears as one of the most aggressive forms of cancer with poor prognosis and no curative treatment available." | ( Fernandez, M; Requardt, H; Ricard, C; Segebarth, C; van der Sanden, B; Vial, JC; Wion, D, 2013) |
| "Adult patients with brain metastases received WBRT and were randomized to receive placebo or memantine (20 mg/d), within 3 days of initiating radiotherapy for 24 weeks." | ( Bentzen, SM; Brown, PD; Choucair, A; Fox, S; Kavadi, V; Khuntia, D; Laack, NN; Mehta, MP; Meyers, C; Pugh, S; Roberge, D; Suh, JH; Watkins-Bruner, D; Wefel, JS, 2013) |
| "However, in patients who developed brain metastases, there is still treatment dilemma about an optimal therapeutic scenario, particularly in the subgroup of patients with-out disease progression outside the central nervous system." | ( Chovanec, M; Mardiak, J; Mego, M; Obertova, J; Palacka, P; Rajec, J, 2013) |
| "Patients with brain metastases had improvements in their cognitive trajectory, especially memory and executive function, after treatment with resection plus CW." | ( Booth-Jones, M; Brem, S; Ewend, MG; Jain, S; Meyers, CA; Palmer, G, 2013) |
| "However, brain metastases still limit the effectiveness of this therapy." | ( Adam, A; Bauer, J; Beck, D; Bornemann, A; Dummer, R; Eigentler, T; Flaherty, K; Forschner, A; Garbe, C; Honegger, JB; Klumpp, B; Kulms, D; Leiter, U; Mauch, C; Meier, F; Niessner, H; Quintanilla-Martinez, L; Roesch, A; Schadendorf, D; Sinnberg, T; Tabatabai, G; Weide, B; Witte, M, 2013) |
| "Malignant glioma (MG) brain tumors are difficult to treat due to diffuse peripheral margins into healthy neural tissue." | ( D'Alfonso, V; Davalos, RV; Elankumaran, S; Garcia, PA; Neal, RE; Robertson, JL; Rossmeisl, JH, 2014) |
| "As a therapy for orthotopic brain tumors, nanoliposomal irinotecan showed a mean survival time of 54." | ( Bankiewicz, KS; Berger, MS; Beyer, J; Drummond, DC; Forsayeth, J; Hadaczek, P; Hayes, ME; Kirpotin, DB; Krauze, MT; Noble, CO; Park, JW, 2014) |
| "Most patients with brain metastases have active extracranial disease, which limits survival unless effective systemic therapy can be administered." | ( Aandahl, G; Dalhaug, A; Haukland, E; Marienhagen, K; Nieder, C; Pawinski, A, 2014) |
| "Boron concentration in subcutaneous and brain tumors was maintained for 6 and 12h after the administration of BSH following BSO pretreatment." | ( Akutsu, H; Ishikawa, E; Matsuda, M; Matsumura, A; Nakai, K; Shirakawa, M; Yamamoto, T; Yoshida, F; Zaboronok, A, 2014) |
| "After radiation therapy for brain metastases, the patient received PHT(400mg/day)to prevent convulsions." | ( Ibayashi, Y; Jotoku, H; Takahashi, M; Takasaki, M; Tanaka, H; Watanabe, K, 2014) |
| "In cases of malignant brain tumors, infiltrating tumor cells that exist at the tumor-surrounding brain tissue always escape from cytoreductive surgery and, protected by blood-brain barrier (BBB), survive the adjuvant chemoradiotherapy, eventually leading to tumor recurrence." | ( Bankiewicz, K; Forsayeth, J; Kumabe, T; Nakamura, T; Saito, R; Sonoda, Y; Tominaga, T; Yang, X; Zhang, R, 2016) |
| "Treatment of brain cancer cells with [sorafenib + lapatinib] enhanced radiation toxicity." | ( Dent, P; Grant, S; Hamed, HA; Poklepovic, A; Tavallai, S, 2015) |
| "After two weeks of treatment the brain tumors were isolated and quantitative polymerase chain reaction were performed on the xenograft tumors and in parallel on archival patient tumor specimens." | ( Kjaer, A; Kristoffersen, K; Lassen, U; Madsen, J; Michaelsen, SR; Nedergaard, MK; Poulsen, HS; Stockhausen, MT, 2014) |
| "In the screening phase 76 metastatic brain tumors were stained for α-2,6-GalSA and the second phase involved an identical staining of 20 primary tumors of patients who had their primary tumors treated with surgery or definite radiochemotherapy yet who later developed BM." | ( Jarosz, B; Krawczyk, P; Pecka, KM; Pelak, MJ; Skoczylas, P; Snietura, M; Straczynska-Niemiec, A; Szumilo, J; Trojanowski, T, 2014) |
| "Breast cancer brain metastases (BCBM) are challenging complications that respond poorly to systemic therapy." | ( Balyan, R; Lockman, PR; Morikawa, A; Murphy, CG; Peereboom, DM; Samala, R; Seidman, AD; Simmons, A; Smith, QR; Steeg, PS; Tabar, V; Thorsheim, HR; Weil, RJ, 2015) |
| "Multiple bone metastases and brain metastases were also diagnosed in 2005, 2006, and 2010, but she remained stable with the use of chemotherapy and hormonal therapy for about 8 years." | ( Fujiyama, J; Fukuda, K; Kiuchi, J; Konishi, T; Masuyama, M; Morita, M; Nakashima, S; Umehara, S, 2014) |
| "Metastatic brain cancers, in particular cancers with multiple lesions, are one of the most difficult malignancies to treat owing to their location and aggressiveness." | ( Brodersen, PM; Cai, P; Chen, Y; DaCosta, R; Foltz, WD; He, C; Henderson, JT; Li, J; Prasad, P; Rauth, AM; Shalviri, A; Wu, XY, 2014) |
| "A total of 73 NSCLC patients with brain metastases from January 2010 to August 2013 were randomly divided into Gefitinib group (37 patients) and VMP chemotherapy group (36 patients)." | ( Chen, S; Hao, Y; Li, B; Li, L; Liu, C; Ning, F; Wang, F; Yu, Z, 2015) |
| "Glioblastoma (GBM), the most common primary brain tumor, is resistant to currently available treatments." | ( Bachoo, RM; Banerjee, A; Choi, C; Hulsey, KM; Maher, EA; Mashimo, T; Soesbe, TC; Spence, JS; Vemireddy, V, 2015) |
| "Being the most malignant primary brain tumor in humans, glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) has a fairly poor patient survival after current combined treatment with chemotherapy, radiation, and surgery." | ( Gao, Y; Guo, W; Li, S; Liu, Y, 2015) |
| "Survivors of brain tumors suffer from numerous endocrine and metabolic consequences, majority of them developing within the first 5 years after brain tumor therapy." | ( Labanauskas, L; Ramanauskienė, E; Sileikienė, R; Verkauskienė, R, 2014) |
| "SRS to brain metastases appears to be both safe and effective for patients treated concurrently with BRAF inhibitors." | ( Ahmed, KA; Chinnaiyan, P; Etame, AB; Figura, N; Forsyth, PA; Freilich, JM; Gibney, GT; Rao, NG; Sarangkasiri, S; Sloot, S; Weber, JS, 2015) |
| "Among the different types of brain tumors, glioblastoma (GBM) is considered the most aggressive and remains extremely difficult to treat." | ( Dunn, SE; Rose Pambid, M; Triscott, J, 2015) |
| "Among patients with previously treated brain metastases, the systemic DCR was 65% (95% CI, 57% to 72%), the intracranial DCR was 62% (95% CI, 54% to 70%), and the median intracranial TTP was 13." | ( Ahn, MJ; Camidge, DR; Costa, DB; Crinò, L; Ou, SH; Polli, A; Riely, GJ; Schnell, P; Selaru, P; Shaw, AT; Shreeve, SM; Solomon, BJ; Wilner, KD; Wiltshire, R; Zhou, C, 2015) |
| "Patients with brain metastases from primary solid tumors were treated with WBRT (30." | ( Brade, A; Curran, WJ; Dunbar, M; Giranda, V; Holen, K; Kleinberg, L; Leahy, T; Medina, D; Mehta, MP; Mostafa, NM; Qian, J; Robins, HI; Turaka, A; Wang, D; Wang, F; Xiong, H; Zhu, M, 2015) |
| "Neoadjuvant chemotherapy for brain tumors in infants and young children was effective in reduction of tumor vascularity and clarification of the tumor-brain interface, which significantly facilitated maximal tumor resection." | ( Iwafuchi, H; Iwama, J; Kiyotani, C; Matsuoka, K; Morota, N; Ogiwara, H; Terashima, K, 2015) |
| "At 1 year, the local control rate for brain metastases in patients with BRAF mutation with BRAF treatment was 85." | ( Anker, CJ; Bagshaw, HP; Grossmann, KF; Jensen, RL; Ly, D; Shrieve, DC; Tward, JD, 2015) |
| "Glioblastomas (GBMs) are aggressive brain tumors that always recur after radiotherapy." | ( Dodoo, E; Enger, PØ; Førde, HE; Heggdal, JI; Leiss, L; Netland, IA; Pedersen, PH; Selheim, F; Skeie, BS; Sleire, L; Wang, J, 2015) |
| "Patients with brain tumors remain at risk for infections from the perioperative period through many months after treatment, and steroids may mask signs of infection." | ( Pruitt, AA, 2015) |
| "Patients with brain tumors typically have multiple comorbidities and pain generators beyond headache, necessitating opioid therapy." | ( Perloff, MD, 2015) |
| "It is very challenging to treat brain cancer because of the blood-brain barrier (BBB) restricting therapeutic drug or gene to access the brain." | ( Hao, Y; Li, D; Li, H; Meng, D; Shi, J; Wang, L; Zhang, H; Zhang, Y; Zhang, Z; Zhao, Y, 2015) |
| "Patients diagnosed with primary brain tumors were treated with PDT." | ( Azinovic, I; Brugarolas, A; Cañón, R; Cases, FG; Rebollo, J; Sapena, NS; Sureda, M; Vanaclocha, V, 2015) |
| "Effective treatments for primary brain tumors and brain metastases represent a major unmet medical need." | ( Ajamie, RT; De Dios, A; Gelbert, LM; Kulanthaivel, P; Raub, TJ; Sanchez-Martinez, C; Sawada, GA; Shannon, HE; Staton, BA; Wishart, GN, 2015) |
| "Patients with 1-3 brain metastases (BM) often receive sterotactic radiosurgery (SRS) without whole brain radiotherapy (WBRT)." | ( Ahluwalia, MS; Angelov, L; Barnett, GH; Brewer, CJ; Chao, ST; Elson, P; Mikkelsen, T; Parsons, MW; Peereboom, DM; Rump, M; Schilero, C; Smolenski, KN; Suh, JH; Vogelbaum, MA; Wang, D; Weil, RJ, 2015) |
| "In brain tumours, brain metastases or advanced cancer; treatment with corticosteroids, side effects can add to symptoms." | ( Agar, M; Barnes, EH; Chye, R; Clark, K; Gibbs, E; Hovey, E; King, M; Koh, ES; Livingstone, A; Lovell, MR; Sawkins, K; Vardy, J, 2016) |
| "Glioblastoma (GBM) is the most common primary brain tumor in adults and has limited treatment options." | ( Bakken, K; Elmquist, WF; Mittapalli, RK; Parrish, KE; Pokorny, J; Sarkaria, JN, 2015) |
| "The effective treatment of brain cancer is hindered by the poor transport across the blood-brain barrier (BBB) and the low penetration across the blood-tumor barrier (BTB)." | ( Agrawal, P; Muthu, MS; Pandey, BL; Rajesh, CV; Singh, RP; Singh, S; Vijayakumar, MR, 2016) |
| "A total of 90 patients with brain metastases from ALK-rearranged NSCLC were identified from six institutions; 84 of 90 patients received radiotherapy to the brain (stereotactic radiosurgery [SRS] or whole-brain radiotherapy [WBRT]), and 86 of 90 received tyrosine kinase inhibitor (TKI) therapy." | ( Arvold, ND; Attia, A; Beal, K; Camidge, DR; Chiang, VL; Contessa, JN; Desai, NB; Goldberg, S; Johung, KL; Kavanagh, BD; Lautenschlaeger, T; Lovly, CM; Ning, MS; Williams, TM; Yeh, N; Yu, JB, 2016) |
| "Patients with brain metastases from ALK-rearranged NSCLC treated with radiotherapy (SRS and/or WBRT) and TKIs have prolonged survival, suggesting that interventions to control intracranial disease are critical." | ( Arvold, ND; Attia, A; Beal, K; Camidge, DR; Chiang, VL; Contessa, JN; Desai, NB; Goldberg, S; Johung, KL; Kavanagh, BD; Lautenschlaeger, T; Lovly, CM; Ning, MS; Williams, TM; Yeh, N; Yu, JB, 2016) |
| "Strategies designed to treat brain metastases of breast cancer, particularly chemotherapeutics such as irinotecan, demonstrate limited efficacy." | ( Adkins, CE; Eldon, MA; Hoch, U; Hye, T; Lockman, PR; Mohammad, AS; Mohan, NK; Nounou, MI; Terrell-Hall, T, 2015) |
| "Patients with bones or brain metastases were treated with palliative radiotherapy only or combined with Doxorubicin." | ( Blecharz, P; Jakubowicz, J; Kulpa, J; Mituś, JW; Reinfuss, M; Walasek, T, 2016) |
| "Patients with brain metastases underwent whole brain radiotherapy (WBRT) to a dose of 30 Gy in ten fractions daily." | ( Bulik, M; Burkon, P; Dobiaskova, M; Hynkova, L; Jancalek, R; Kazda, T; Pospisil, P; Slampa, P, 2015) |
| "In rat, brain tumors induced by transplacental ENU mutagenesis, several clusters of hypointensive zones were observed in CD133-expressing brain tumors by MRI and intravenously administered USPIO-CD133 Ab." | ( Chen, YW; Chou, CP; Hung, YT; Liou, GG; Pan, HB; Tseng, HH, 2015) |
| "Patients diagnosed with melanoma brain metastases have few treatment options and poor prognosis, and improved treatment strategies for these patients require detailed understanding of the underlying pathobiology." | ( Gaustad, JV; Rofstad, EK; Simonsen, TG, 2015) |
| "Recurrence of malignant brain tumors results in a poor prognosis with limited treatment options." | ( Belasco, JB; Cervone, KA; Egan, G; Finlay, JL; Gardner, SL; Philips, PC, 2016) |
| "The post-treatment recurrent brain tumors exhibited a decrease in expression of the mismatch repair (MMR) proteins, MSH6 and MLH1, but their methylated MGMT status did not changed." | ( Nagane, M; Nitta, Y; Shimizu, S; Shiokawa, Y; Shishido-Hara, Y; Suzuki, K, 2016) |
| "Diagnosis and therapy of brain cancer was often limited due to low permeability of delivery materials across the blood-brain barrier (BBB) and their poor penetration into the brain tissue." | ( Dash, D; Koch, B; Muthu, MS; Pandey, BL; Sharma, G; Singh, N; Singh, RP; Singh, S; Singh, U; Vijayakumar, MR, 2016) |
| "The study included patients with brain metastases who were divided into three groups: the first group--with early chemoradiotherapy (CRT) without induction chemotherapy (IC) by capecitabine; the second group--with delayed CRT with 4 or 8 courses of IC by capecitabine; the third group (a historical control) who received only whole brain radiation therapy." | ( Berdnik, AV; Bulychkin, PV; Bykova, YB; Fedoseenko, DI; Gutnik, RA; Medvedev, SV; Mikhina, ZP; Moskvina, EA; Naskhletashvili, DR; Romanov, DS; Tkachev, SI; Trofimova, OP; Yazhgunovich, IP, 2015) |
| "Patients with stable treated brain metastases (tBM) were eligible." | ( Blackhall, FH; Cappuzzo, F; Costa, DB; Felip, E; Kim, DW; Mekhail, T; Mok, TS; Nakagawa, K; Paolini, J; Selaru, P; Solomon, BJ; Tursi, J; Usari, T; Wilner, KD; Wu, YL, 2016) |
| "Sixty-four patients with multiple brain metastases from non-small cell lung cancer were included: the study group (n=32) received whole-brain radiotherapy combined with sodium glycididazole at a dose of 700mg/m(2) intravenous infusion 30minutes before radiotherapy, three times a week; the control group (n=32) only received whole-brain radiotherapy." | ( Chen, XD; Chi, F; Duan, QY; Fan, GL; Niu, N; Sun, YN; Tang, MY; Wang, HM; Wang, SL; Wu, LN; Wu, R; Xing, R; Xuan, Y; Zeng, YC, 2016) |
| "Patients of NSCLC with brain metastases were eligible for WBRT, which was administered at 30 Gy/10f." | ( Chi, N; He, Q; Tao, R; Wang, Y; Xiu, C; Xu, J; Zhang, H; Zhou, S; Zou, H; Zou, P, 2017) |
| "Treating breast cancer brain metastases (BCBMs) is challenging." | ( Carrasco, N; De, A; Do, J; Foster, D; Jeffrey, SS; Renier, C; Reyna-Neyra, A; Tse, V; Vogel, H; Wapnir, I, 2016) |
| "The Quality of Life after Treatment for Brain Metastases (QUARTZ) study is a non-inferiority, phase 3 randomised trial done at 69 UK and three Australian centres." | ( Ardron, D; Barton, R; Bayman, N; Brisbane, I; Faivre-Finn, C; Holt, T; Langley, RE; Lee, C; McColl, E; Moore, B; Morgan, S; Mulvenna, P; Nankivell, M; Parmar, MK; Pugh, C; Stephens, R; Sydes, B; Waite, K; Wilson, P, 2016) |
| "In all, 48 patients with brain tumors, who had had serial GBCA administrations (GBCA group), and 48 healthy volunteers without any history of GBCA administrations (non-GBCA group) were enrolled in this study." | ( Arakawa, Y; Fushimi, Y; Hinoda, T; Liu, C; Miyamoto, S; Okada, T; Togashi, K; Yamamoto, A; Yoshida, K, 2017) |
| "The treatment of brain cancer remains one of the most difficult challenges in oncology." | ( Emami, J; Khadivar, K; Rezazadeh, M; Sadeghi, H, 2017) |
| "After focused high dose radiotherapy of brain metastases, differentiation between tumor recurrence and radiation-induced lesions by conventional MRI is challenging." | ( Albert, NL; Bartenstein, P; Brendel, M; Kreth, FW; Muacevic, A; Nachbichler, SB; Romagna, A; Schmid-Tannwald, C; Tonn, JC; Unterrainer, M, 2016) |
| "Symptomatic brain metastases (BM) occur frequently after chemoradiotherapy (CRT) for stage III NSCLC." | ( Amini, M; Belderbos, JSA; Biesma, B; Bootsma, GP; Brouns, -JWM; Bussink, J; De Ruysscher, DKM; Dingemans, AC; Hendriks, LEL; Oei, SB; Stigt, JA; Uyterlinde, W; Van den Heuvel, MM; Wijsman, R, 2016) |
| "The treatment of brain tumors remains a challenge due to the limited accumulation of drugs and nanoparticles." | ( Cun, X; Gao, H; He, Q; Hu, C; Ruan, S; Shi, K; Tang, X; Xiao, W, 2016) |
| "The prognosis for malignant brain tumors remains poor despite a combination of surgery, radiotherapy, and chemotherapy." | ( Eberhart, CG; Janowski, M; Li, S; Malysz-Cymborska, I; Pearl, MS; Qin, H; Walczak, P, 2017) |
| "The treatment of brain cancer like glioblastoma multiforme often uses chemotherapeutic drugs like temozolomide, procarbazine, carmustine, and lomustine." | ( Das, KK; Samanta, PN, 2017) |
| "However, survivors of brain tumors and any survivor who received high-dose neurotoxic treatment reported the lowest rates of achieving milestones of psychosexual development, whereas sexual and relationship status satisfaction were found to be related to relationship status." | ( Bajwa, RPS; Gerhardt, CA; Hagedoorn, M; Keim, MC; Lehmann, V; Olshefski, RS; Tuinman, MA; Winning, AM, 2017) |
| "The effect of systemic chemotherapy on brain metastases after acquisition of EGFR-TKI resistance is limited, and thus far, whole-brain radiation therapy, which may cause the harmful effect on neurocognitive functions, has been the only established therapeutic option for especially symptomatic brain metastases." | ( Hamaguchi, M; Hirata, H; Kida, H; Kijima, T; Koba, T; Kumanogoh, A; Kuroyama, M; Nagatomo, I; Naito, Y; Otsuka, T; Takeda, Y; Takimoto, T, 2017) |
| "Thirteen patients with intraparenchymal brain metastases were administered indocyanine green (ICG) at 5 mg/kg the day before surgery." | ( Cho, SS; Lee, JYK; Nie, S; Pierce, JT; Salinas, R; Singhal, S; Zeh, R, 2017) |
| "The standard treatment for brain metastases is radiotherapy." | ( Luo, Y; Tang, J; Tian, J; Xiang, J, 2017) |
| "Among primary brain cancers, gliomas are the most deadly and most refractory to current treatment modalities." | ( Ananthan, S; Bae, S; Filippova, N; Gentry, Z; Hackney, JR; King, P; Nabors, LB; Sorochinsky, A; Yang, X, 2017) |
| "Key nanoparticles for brain cancer treatment include glutathione targeted PEGylated liposomes, gold nanoparticles, superparamagnetic iron oxide nanoparticles and nanoparticle-albumin bound drugs, with these being discussed throughout this review." | ( Kanwar, JR; Mazur, J; Roy, K, 2018) |
| "Patients with brain metastases (BM) from melanoma have an overall survival (OS) of 2-6 months after whole-brain radiotherapy." | ( Blank, CU; Boogerd, W; Brandsma, D; Geukes Foppen, MH; Haanen, JB; van Thienen, JV, 2018) |
| "An increased risk of brain metastases is also seen in patients with early HER2-positive breast cancer administered curative therapy." | ( Duchnowska, R; Jassem, J; Loibl, S, 2018) |
| "Treatment of brain metastases of choriocarcinoma with hemorrhage in multiple sites is very difficult in clinical practices." | ( Fu, C; Huang, R; Liang, Y; Ren, Z; Xie, M; Yu, L; Zhang, Z; Zhu, F, 2018) |
| "The incidences of brain metastases for treatment-naive, stage IV ROS1-positive and ALK-positive NSCLC were 36% (12 of 33) and 34% (39 of 115), respectively." | ( Aisner, DL; Bowles, DW; Bunn, PA; Camidge, DR; Doebele, RC; Hancock, M; Le, AT; Patil, T; Purcell, WT; Smith, DE, 2018) |
| "Glioblastoma (GB) is the most frequent primary brain tumor in adults with a dismal prognosis despite aggressive treatment including surgical resection, radiotherapy and chemotherapy with the alkylating agent temozolomide." | ( Harter, PN; Mittelbronn, M; Pietsch, T; Reuter, D; Ronellenfitsch, MW; Senft, C; Steinbach, JP; Urban, H; Westphal, M; Zeiner, PS, 2018) |
| "Treatment outcomes for brain cancer have seen dismal improvements over the last two decades as evident in available statistical data." | ( Lemole, GM; Martirosyan, N; Romanowski, M; Trouard, TP; Watson, JR, 2018) |
| "Prognosis for brain metastases is still poor and classical treatment combining surgery and radiation therapy should be strongly supported with molecular approaches." | ( Barciszewska, AM, 2018) |
| "Introduction: Brain tumors if timely diagnosed are sure to be treated through shorter processes." | ( Abdolmohammadi, J; Amiri, J; Arefan, D; Faeghi, F; Haghighatkhah, H; Zali, A, 2018) |
| "14 patients had metastatic brain tumors and were treated with whole brain RT." | ( Alphonse-Sullivan, N; Blackstock, AW; Brown, DR; Chan, MD; Cramer, CK; Cummings, TL; Isom, S; Lesser, GJ; Metheny-Barlow, LJ; Page, BR; Peiffer, AM; Rapp, S; Shaw, EG; Strowd, RE, 2019) |
| "After radiation of the brain tumors, a vascular endothelial growth factor receptor tyrosine kinase inhibitor was administered for 3 years." | ( Attignon, V; Carrie, C; Guerin, N; Haddad, V; Moriceau, G; Négrier, S; Pissaloux, D, 2018) |
| "Metastatic brain tumors pose a severe problem in the treatment of patients with breast carcinoma." | ( De Meulenaere, V; De Wever, O; Deblaere, K; Decrock, E; Descamps, B; Goethals, I; Leybaert, L; Mollet, P; Neyt, S; Vandeghinste, B; Vanhove, C, 2018) |
| "Conventional radiation therapy of brain tumors often produces cognitive deficits, particularly in children." | ( Ailawadi, S; Baker, JT; Bangiyev, L; Cattell, RF; Dilmanian, FA; Eley, JG; Fatemi, NN; Gobbert, MK; Graf, JS; He, Y; Heaney, DC; Helfer, J; Hirsch, KN; Krishnan, S; Kruger, K; Lukaniec, B; McLaughlin, WE; Nassimi, JR; Roy, R; Schweitzer, ME; Spuhler, K; Tailor, R; Vassantachart, A; Zanzonico, P, 2019) |
| "Occurrence of multiple brain metastases is a critical evolution of many cancers with significant neurological and overall survival consequences, despite new targeted therapy and standard whole brain radiotherapy (WBRT)." | ( Arnaud, J; Balosso, J; Dufort, S; Grand, S; Le Duc, G; Lux, F; Mendoza, C; Quesada, JL; Sancey, L; Tillement, O; Verry, C; Villa, J, 2019) |
| "Existing radiotherapy plans for brain tumors derive from population studies and scarcely account for patient-specific conditions." | ( Alberts, E; Angelikopoulos, P; Combs, SE; Diehl, C; Hadjidoukas, P; Koumoutsakos, P; Lipkova, J; Lowengrub, J; Menze, B; Preibisch, C; Pyka, T; Van Leemput, K; Wiestler, B; Wu, S, 2019) |
| "However, in the context of brain tumors, the molecular selectivity of BBB also shields the neoplastic cells by blocking the delivery of peripherally administered chemotherapies." | ( Karaman, S; Laakkonen, PM; Le Joncour, V, 2019) |
| "We have developed a novel therapy for brain metastases that delivers athermal radiofrequency electromagnetic fields that are amplitude-modulated at breast cancer specific frequencies (BCF)." | ( Barbault, A; Blackman, C; Bourland, JD; Chan, MD; D'Agostino, RB; Jimenez, H; Kirchner, V; Liu, Y; Lo, HW; Metheny-Barlow, L; Pasche, B; Sharma, S; Sun, P; Thomas, A; Tyagi, A; Watabe, K; Whitlow, CT; Wu, K; Wu, SY; Xing, F; Zhao, D; Zhu, D, 2019) |
| "The use of chemotherapy against brain tumors faces various limitations to achieving its therapeutic effect, due to both the inability of anticancer agents to cross the blood-brain barrier (BBB) and the formation of brain cancer stem cells (BCSCs)." | ( Kuo, YC; Rajesh, R; Wang, LJ, 2019) |
| "Malignant brain tumors remain a major cause of concern and mortality as successful treatment is hindered due to the poor transport and low penetration of chemotherapeutics across the blood-brain barrier (BBB)." | ( Agarwal, S; Maekawa, T; Mizuki, T; Mohamed, MS; Sakthi Kumar, D, 2019) |
| "Patients with HER2-positive brain metastases undergoing clinically indicated cranial resection of a parenchymal tumor received neratinib 240 mg orally once a day for 7 to 21 days preoperatively, and resumed therapy postoperatively in 28-day cycles." | ( Agar, NYR; Anders, CK; Blackwell, KL; Burns, R; Componeschi, KP; Connolly, RM; Cotter, CM; Dunn, IF; Freedman, RA; Gelman, RS; Gimenez-Cassina Lopez, B; Ibrahim, N; Krop, IE; Lin, NU; Marte, JM; Melisko, ME; Moy, B; Moynihan, TJ; Nangia, J; Puhalla, SL; Randall, EC; Rimawi, MF; Santagata, S; Silvestri, K; Tung, N; Van Poznak, CH; Winer, EP; Wolff, AC, 2020) |
| "Eligible patients, with or without brain metastases, had received prior HER2-directed therapy." | ( Arimura, A; Baird, RD; Bonneterre, J; Campone, M; Cresti, N; Garcia-Corbacho, J; Italiano, A; Macpherson, IR; Posner, J; Rafii, S; Saggese, M; Spicer, J; Spiliopoulou, P; Takeda, Y, 2019) |
| "Despite intensive research, malignant brain tumors are among the most difficult to treat due to high resistance to conventional therapeutic approaches." | ( Büsselberg, D; Kassayova, M; Kiskova, T; Kubatka, P, 2020) |
| "Advances in the treatment of childhood brain tumors have significantly improved survival rates." | ( Alias, H; Morthy, SK; Muda, Z; Tamil, AM; Zakaria, SZS, 2020) |
| "Thirty-eight survivors of childhood brain tumors aged 6 to 18 years old who had been off-treatment for at least 1 year and were in remission, 38 age- and gender-matched survivors of childhood leukemia who had been off-treatment for at least 1 year and were in remission, and 38 age- and gender-matched unrelated healthy children were recruited." | ( Alias, H; Morthy, SK; Muda, Z; Tamil, AM; Zakaria, SZS, 2020) |
| "Some patients with brain metastases have cerebral edema before treatment, and radiation therapy may also cause, or aggravate brain edema." | ( Guan, Y; Song, Y; Wang, E; Wang, X; Wang, Y; Zhuang, H, 2020) |
| "Our study demonstrated that brain metastases of lung cancer cells may independently prompt drug resistance without drug treatment." | ( Gao, W; Liu, Z; Lockman, PR; Mohammad, A; Pinti, MV; Saralkar, PA; Shah, N; Sprowls, SA; Tallman, RM; Vickers, SD, 2020) |
| "Treatment for malignant embryonal brain tumors in young children usually employs cycles of standardly dosed cisplatinum followed by high-dose carboplatinum-containing conditioning with single or tandem autologous stem cell rescue (HDC-ASCR)." | ( Almutereen, M; Elborai, Y; Hafez, H; Lee, MA; Lehmann, L; Maher, OM, 2020) |
| "Glioblastoma is the most common primary brain tumor with poor survival rate and without effective treatment strategy." | ( Chen, WT; Chung, JG; Hsu, FT; Wu, CT, 2020) |
| "The studies on the treatment of brain metastases from esophageal cancer by radiotherapy combined with temozolomide (TMZ) are even rarer." | ( Cui, G; Li, N; Liu, C; Liu, M; Qie, S; Ran, Y; Sun, W; Sun, X; Tian, Y; Yang, H, 2020) |
| "Gliomas, the most common primary brain cancer, are highly infiltrative and extremely difficult to treat." | ( Drummond, KJ; Kan, LK; Monif, M; O'Brien, TJ; Seneviratne, S; Williams, DA, 2020) |
| "Patients with brain metastases (BM) from human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2)-positive breast cancer represent a difficult-to-treat population." | ( Anton, A; Barrios, CH; Brain, E; Delaloge, S; Donica, M; Ellis, P; Hatschek, T; Kelly, CM; Montemurro, F; Peña-Murillo, C; Wuerstlein, R; Yilmaz, M, 2020) |
| "Glioblastoma is a primary brain tumor with a poor prognosis despite multimodal therapy including surgery, radiotherapy and alkylating chemotherapy." | ( Mason, WP; Richardson, PG; Roth, P; Weller, M, 2020) |
| "Currently, the treatment of brain metastases from non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) is rather difficult in the clinic." | ( Cao, X; Li, X; Lu, H; Mao, W; Wang, X; Wang, Z; Xin, H; Xiong, Y; Yin, H, 2020) |
| "Glioblastoma (GBM) is the deadliest primary brain tumor that is highly resistant to current treatments." | ( Chen, G; Deng, Z; Feng, M; Feng, Z; Li, X; Li, Y; Pan, T; Tao, Z; Wang, H; Yin, H; Zhao, G; Zhou, Y, 2020) |
| "The median number of brain metastases treated per patient was 3 (1 to 12)." | ( Ahmed, KA; Czerniecki, BJ; Etame, AB; Figura, NB; Forsyth, PA; Han, HS; Kushchayev, S; Liu, JKC; Mills, MN; Naz, A; Oliver, DE; Robinson, TJ; Soliman, HH; Thawani, C; Vogelbaum, MA; Walker, C; Yu, HM, 2021) |
| "Germ cell tumor (GCT) patients with brain metastases (BM) have a poor prognosis and high risk of treatment failure." | ( Benderra, MA; Culine, S; Deforceville, L; Delaye, M; Grazziotin-Soares, D; Larghero, J; Lotz, JP; Parquet, N, 2021) |
| "Patients with previously treated brain metastases were clinically stable for 2 or more weeks (≥4 wk in KEYNOTE-021 cohort G), had no evidence of new or enlarging brain metastases, and had no steroid use at least 3 days before dosing." | ( Awad, MM; Cheng, Y; Garassino, MC; Kopp, HG; Kowalski, DM; Kurata, T; Langer, CJ; Lin, J; Paz-Ares, L; Pietanza, MC; Piperdi, B; Powell, SF; Rodríguez-Abreu, D; Rodríguez-Cid, J; Tafreshi, A; Zhao, B, 2021) |
| "HER2-positive brain metastases are treated with surgery, radiation (stereotactic radiosurgery or whole brain radiotherapy), and systemic therapies, and are best managed by an experienced multidisciplinary team." | ( Lin, NU; Stavrou, E; Winer, EP, 2021) |
| "Amongst brain cancers, glioblastoma (GBM) is notoriously difficult to treat due to the challenge of delivering chemotherapeutic drugs across the BBB and into the tumour microenvironment." | ( Ahmed-Cox, A; Cao, Y; Forgham, H; Ignacio, RMC; Janjua, TI; Kavallaris, M; Mansfeld, FM; Mazzieri, R; McCarroll, JA; Meka, AK; Popat, A, 2021) |
| "Patients with treated, stable brain metastases were permitted." | ( Aerts, JG; Bara, I; Barlesi, F; Cappuzzo, F; Coleman, S; Finley, G; Jotte, RM; Lee, A; Merritt, D; Mok, TSK; Moro-Sibilot, D; Nishio, M; Nogami, N; Orlandi, F; Reck, M; Rodríguez-Abreu, D; Shankar, G; Socinski, MA; Stroyakovskiy, D; Thomas, CA; Villaruz, LC; Wan-Teck Lim, D; Yu, W, 2022) |
| "Patients with brain metastases from renal cell carcinoma (RCC) have been underrepresented in clinical trials, and effective systemic therapy is lacking." | ( Abuqayas, B; Agarwal, N; Albigès, L; Barthélémy, P; Beuselinck, B; Bilen, MA; Bowman, IA; Brastianos, PK; Braun, DA; Choueiri, TK; Collier, KA; de Velasco, G; Dzimitrowicz, H; Farah, S; Flippot, R; Harrison, MR; Harshman, LC; Hirsch, L; Krajewski, KM; Lam, ET; Martinez Chanza, N; McKay, RR; Mortazavi, A; Rathi, N; Seront, E; Thouvenin, J; Varkaris, A; Xie, W; Xu, W; Zakharia, Y, 2021) |
| "Gliomas are primary brain tumors with still poor prognosis for the patients despite a combination of cytoreduction via surgery followed by a radio-chemotherapy." | ( Ackermann, A; Buchfelder, M; Çapcı, A; Savaskan, N; Tsogoeva, SB, 2021) |
| "Preoperative patients with brain tumors demonstrating high expression of pSTAT5b/pFAK/pIGFR1 were administered ceritinib for 10 days prior to tumor resection." | ( Bao, X; Derogatis, A; Fiorelli, R; Kim, S; Li, J; Mehta, S; Pennington-Krygier, C; Sanai, N; Yoo, W, 2022) |
| "Results indicate that patients with brain tumors may benefit from DLCT-based treatment planning." | ( Debus, J; Harrabi, SB; Longarino, FK; Mairani, A; Mein, S; Stiller, W; Tessonnier, T, 2022) |
| "In gliomas, the most common type of brain tumors, metabolic reprogramming leads to abnormal consumption of glutamine as an energy source, and increased glutamine concentrations are associated with treatment resistance and proliferation." | ( Allen, JW; Ekici, S; Fleischer, CC; Neill, SG; Nye, JA; Shu, HK, 2022) |
| "After a summary outlining brain tumors and the current drug delivery strategies devised in their therapeutic management, this review explores the most recent literature about the advances and open challenges in the employment of carbon dots as both diagnostic and therapeutic agents in the treatment of brain cancers, together with the strategies devised to allow them to cross the BBB effectively." | ( Calabrese, G; Chisari, G; Conoci, S; De Luca, G; Forte, S; Lombardo, SP; Nocito, G; Rizzo, MG; Sciuto, EL, 2021) |
| "Glioblastoma multiforme is a malignant primary brain tumor with a poor prognosis and high rates of chemo-radiotherapy failure, mainly due to a small cell fraction with stem-like properties (GSCs)." | ( Antoccia, A; Berardinelli, F; Buccarelli, M; D'Alessandris, QG; Doria, F; Grande, S; Luciani, AM; Pallini, R; Palma, A; Pirota, V; Ricci-Vitiani, L; Rosi, A; Triveri, A, 2021) |
| "Patients with active brain metastases were allocated to study arms 1 to 4 based on prior exposure to an ALKi and/or prior brain radiation (arm 1: prior radiotherapy/ALKi-pretreated; arm 2: no radiotherapy/ALKi-pretreated; arm 3: prior radiotherapy/ALKi-naïve; arm 4: no radiotherapy/ALKi-naïve)." | ( Arratia, PC; Barlesi, F; Bertino, EM; Branle, F; Chiari, R; Chiu, CH; Chow, LQM; Garrido, P; Hurtado, FK; Kim, DW; Majem, M; McKeage, M; Orlov, S; Shi, M; Song, Y; van den Bent, MJ; Wakelee, HA; Wen, PY; Yu, CJ, 2022) |
| "Since high grade gliomas are aggressive brain tumors, intensive search for new treatment options is ongoing." | ( Dohmen, H; Gött, H; Kiez, S; Kolodziej, M; Stein, M, 2022) |
| "Patients with breast cancer and brain metastases (BM) have a poor prognosis and high clinical need for novel treatments; however, historically, studies have often excluded these patients." | ( Anders, CK; Cortés, J; Currie, SL; Diéras, V; Du, Y; Hannah, AL; Hoch, U; Ibrahim, N; Müller, V; Rugo, HS; Seidman, AD; Tagliaferri, M; Tolaney, SM; Tripathy, D; Twelves, C, 2022) |
| "Molecular classification of brain neoplasms is important for diagnosis, prognosis, and treatment outcome of histologically similar tumors." | ( Adams, E; Eshleman, JR; Gocke, CD; Haley, L; Hardy, M; Huang, J; Long, P; Morsberger, L; Pallavajjala, A; Pallavajjala, R; Rodriguez, FJ; Stinnett, V; Zou, YS, 2022) |
| "Glioblastoma (GBM) is a complex brain cancer with frequent relapses and high mortality and still awaits effective treatment." | ( Karmakar, S; Kaundal, B; Roy Choudhury, S, 2022) |
| "Real-world patients diagnosed with brain metastases in HER2-positive MBC have a relatively poor prognosis, despite advances in HER2-targeted treatment." | ( Anton, A; Barnett, F; Collins, IM; De Boer, R; Gibbs, P; Greenberg, S; Lok, SW; Lombard, J; Malik, L; Moldovan, C; Nott, L; Nottage, M; Sahu, A; Torres, J; Tung, I; Wong, V; Yeo, B, 2022) |
| "We describe lesion-level outcomes of brain metastases treated with osimertinib alone." | ( Chang, YC; Chiang, PL; Das, M; Hayden-Gephart, M; Hui, C; Li, G; Liang, CH; Lu, JT; Myall, N; Nagpal, S; Neal, J; Pollom, E; Qu, V; Ramchandran, K; Soltys, S; von Eyben, R; Wakelee, H; Wang, JY, 2022) |
| "Glioblastoma (GBM) is the deadliest primary brain tumor in adults due to the high rate of relapse with current treatment." | ( Alves, FL; Bona, NP; Braganhol, E; de Aguiar, MSS; Pedra, NS; Santos, FDSD; Saraiva, JT; Spanevello, RM; Spohr, L; Stefanello, FM, 2022) |
| "However, ActD treatment of brain tumors can lead to unnecessary exposure of surrounding neurons and normal glial cells to ActD." | ( Lee, GH; Lee, SE, 2022) |
| "38 patients were studied, 19 with 25 brain metastases treated with HBO prior to SRS, and 19 historical controls with 27 metastases, matched for histology, GPA, resection status, and lesion size." | ( Buckey, JC; Eskey, CJ; Evans, LT; Gill, GS; Gladstone, DJ; Hartford, AC; Jarvis, LA; Li, Z; Ravi, D; Roberts, DW; Russo, G; Simmons, NE; Tosteson, TD; Williams, BB, 2022) |
| "38 patients were studied, 19 with 25 brain metastases treated with HBO prior to SRS, and 19 historical controls with 27 metastases, matched for histology, GPA, resection status, and lesion size." | ( Buckey, JC; Eskey, CJ; Evans, LT; Gill, GS; Gladstone, DJ; Hartford, AC; Jarvis, LA; Li, Z; Ravi, D; Roberts, DW; Russo, G; Simmons, NE; Tosteson, TD; Williams, BB, 2022) |
| "38 patients were studied, 19 with 25 brain metastases treated with HBO prior to SRS, and 19 historical controls with 27 metastases, matched for histology, GPA, resection status, and lesion size." | ( Buckey, JC; Eskey, CJ; Evans, LT; Gill, GS; Gladstone, DJ; Hartford, AC; Jarvis, LA; Li, Z; Ravi, D; Roberts, DW; Russo, G; Simmons, NE; Tosteson, TD; Williams, BB, 2022) |
| "Glioma is a deadly form of brain cancer, and the difficulty of treating glioma is exacerbated by the chemotherapeutic resistance developed in the tumor cells over the time of treatment." | ( Chung, S; Huang, J; Sugimoto, Y; Zhang, M, 2023) |
| "Glioma is a deadly form of brain cancer, and the difficulty of treating glioma is exacerbated by the chemotherapeutic resistance developed in the tumor cells over the time of treatment." | ( Chung, S; Huang, J; Sugimoto, Y; Zhang, M, 2023) |
| "The treatment of brain cancer is still challenging for an oncologist due to the presence of the blood-brain barrier (BBB) which inhibits the entry of more than 98 per cent of drugs used during the treatment of brain disease." | ( Jain, P; Pandey, V; Soni, V, 2022) |
| "The treatment of brain cancer is still challenging for an oncologist due to the presence of the blood-brain barrier (BBB) which inhibits the entry of more than 98 per cent of drugs used during the treatment of brain disease." | ( Jain, P; Pandey, V; Soni, V, 2022) |
| "Patients with untreated confirmed brain metastases and EGFR-sensitive mutated NSCLC were enrolled." | ( Chen, J; Chen, L; Feng, W; Hou, X; Jiang, G; Jiang, H; Li, M; Liu, Q; Su, J; Wu, G; You, Z; Zhang, B, 2023) |
| "Every third patient with malignant brain tumors had anticancer treatments during the last month of life with a significant number of ED visits and hospitalizations." | ( Anttonen, A; Hirvonen, O; Leskelä, RL; Nåhls, NS; Saarto, T, 2023) |
| "Brain edema is a common complication of brain metastases (BM) and associated treatment." | ( Alvarez-Eraso, KLF; Cittelly, DM; Contreras-Zárate, MJ; Jaramillo-Gómez, JA; Kabos, P; Karam, SD; Littrell, Z; Ormond, DR; Tsuji, N, 2023) |
| "Compared with expected distribution of brain metastases based on regional brain volumes and metastatic lung carcinoma as a control, patients with breast cancer more often had metastases to the cerebellum, diencephalon, medulla, and parietal lobe, and underwent significantly more neurosurgical interventions for treatment of obstructive hydrocephalus." | ( Cittelly, DM; Fisher, CM; Kabos, P; Ormond, DR; Travers, SS, 2023) |
| "Treatment of brain tumors, particularly malignant gliomas, is challenging using only surgical resection and radiation therapy, and medical treatment plays an important role in the management of these malignancies." | ( Kitamura, Y; Toda, M, 2023) |
| "Malignant primary brain tumors remain among the most difficult cancers to treat, in particular, Glioblastoma Multiforme (GBM) is the deadliest brain tumor." | ( Bottone, MG; Casali, C; De Luca, F; Favaron, C; Gaiaschi, L; Gola, F; Ravera, M; Roda, E; Rossi, P, 2023) |
| "Currently, the therapies for brain metastases of non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) mainly include whole brain radiotherapy and icotinib." | ( Zhang, B, 2023) |
| "Patients with brain metastases are often referred for brain radiotherapy (BrRT) when exclusive palliative management would be more appropriate." | ( Alves Reis, LA; Arruda, GV; Barreto, RB; Bodnar, D; Chirichela, IA; de Oliveira, FCG; Martin, GSD; Miranda, IL; Miranda, MHF; Pereira, BR; Pereira, GCB; Peria, FM; Silva, SB; Takiguchi, OMY, 2023) |
| "Low-grade gliomas are primary brain tumors that arise from glial cells and are usually treated with temozolomide (TMZ) as a chemotherapeutic option." | ( Ayala-Hernández, LE; Bosque, JJ; Chulián, S; Delobel, T; García-Ferrer, M; Murek, M; Pérez-Beteta, J; Pérez-García, VM; Piñero, P; Schucht, P, 2023) |
| "Glioma is a highly aggressive form of brain cancer characterized by limited treatment options and poor patient prognosis." | ( Chen, J; Li, J; Li, W; Long, Y; Wu, K; Xiang, C, 2023) |