A disorder characterized by CONFUSION; inattentiveness; disorientation; ILLUSIONS; HALLUCINATIONS; agitation; and in some instances autonomic nervous system overactivity. It may result from toxic/metabolic conditions or structural brain lesions. (From Adams et al., Principles of Neurology, 6th ed, pp411-2)
| Excerpt | Reference |
|---|
| "Delirium is the second most common psychiatric diagnosis among hospitalized elderly cancer patients." | ( Holland, J; Stiefel, F, 1991) |
| "Delirium is the most common neuropsychiatric complication of hospitalized AIDS patients." | ( Fernandez, F; Levy, JK; Mansell, PW, 1989) |
| "Delirium is not a clinical entity but a symptom-complex of manifold etiology." | ( Henry, WD; Mann, AM, 1965) |
| "Delirium is a common complication in hospitalized patients and is often associated with significant morbidity." | ( Moss, JH, 1995) |
| "This man's delirium is consistent with fluoxetine intoxication, which appears to have resulted from inhibition of hepatic cytochrome P450 metabolism by clarithromycin." | ( Hewlett, TJ; MacKenzie, SL; Pollak, PT; Sketris, IS, 1995) |
| "Delirium is a potentially treatable and frequently unrecognized factor." | ( Breitbart, W; Coyle, N; Portenoy, R; Weaver, S, 1994) |
| "Delirium is a common complication of dementia and may produce considerable morbidity." | ( Burke, WJ; Roccaforte, WH; Wengel, SP, 1998) |
| "Delirium is a syndrome that may occur as the result of multiple complex interacting neurotransmitter systems and pathologic processes." | ( Flacker, JM; Lipsitz, LA, 1999) |
| "Delirium is a serious postoperative complication after general anaesthesia." | ( Gallinat, J; Hegerl, U; Möller, HJ, 1999) |
| "Delirium is a frequent, multifactorial complication in advanced cancer." | ( Bruera, ED; Gagnon, B; Hanson, J; Lawlor, PG; Mancini, IL; Pereira, JL; Suarez-Almazor, ME, 2000) |
| "Delirium is frequently observed in terminally ill cancer patients, but complete remission is often difficult to achieve." | ( Chihara, S; Inoue, S; Morita, T; Otani, H; Tsunoda, J, 2000) |
| "Delirium is highly prevalent in terminally ill patients, especially in the last weeks of life, when some cognitive impairment develops in as many as 85% of patients." | ( Breitbart, W; Strout, D, 2000) |
| "Occurrence of delirium is known to be related to, among other things, organic brain disorder, somatic disease and old age." | ( Blennow, K; Bråne, G; Edman, A; Gottfries, CG; Karlsson, I; Robertsson, B; Wallin, A, 2001) |
| "Delirium is frequently underdiagnosed in clinical practice." | ( Conn, DK; Lieff, S, 2001) |
| "Delirium is a common complication in advanced cancer patients and it also may modify the expression of pain and the use of analgesic medication." | ( Bruera, ED; Gagnon, B; Hanson, J; Lawlor, PG; Mancini, IL; Pereira, JL, 2001) |
| "Delirium is common at the end of life and is frequently caused by a combination of medications, dehydration, infections or hypoxia." | ( Alexander, CS; Ross, DD, 2001) |
| "Delirium is a frequent cause of hospitalization in the elderly patient, and can be sustained by several factors, which are not always evident." | ( Blè, A; Fellin, R; Gallerani, M; Quarenghi, C; Zuliani, G, 2001) |
| "Postoperative delirium is encountered frequently in elderly patients after major surgery; whether changes in the pattern of melatonin secretion are associated is unclear." | ( Ikeda, K; Kageyama, M; Machida, N; Menjo, M; Miura, M; Nimura, Y; Shigeta, H; Yasui, A, 2001) |
| "Postoperative delirium is a common problem associated with increased morbidity and mortality, prolonged hospital stay, additional tests and consultations and therefore, increased cost (1,2)." | ( Hanania, M; Kitain, E, 2002) |
| "Delirium is a common psychiatric complication in somatically ill in-patients and is associated with increased morbidity and mortality, longer lengths of stay and higher cost of treatment." | ( Hepp, U, 2002) |
| "Delirium is a frequent complication of advanced cancer." | ( Lawlor, PG, 2002) |
| "Delirium is a neuropsychiatric syndrome characterized by impairment of consciousness, changes in cognition, or perceptual disturbances." | ( Bader, GM; Gropper, D; Kim, KY; Kotlyar, V, 2003) |
| "Delirium is characterized by an acute change in cognition and a disturbance of consciousness, usually resulting from an underlying medical condition or from medication or drug withdrawal." | ( Gleason, OC, 2003) |
| "Delirium is a common syndrome among hospitalized elderly patients." | ( Balan, S; Blagman, B; Chana, W; Habot, B; Leibovitz, A; Neumann, E; Rahel, B; Richard, G; Ruth, M; Yassica, B; Zila, SO, 2003) |
| "Delirium is often a distressing symptom for both patients and their families, and its prevention is important." | ( Inoue, S; Morita, T; Tei, Y, 2003) |
| "Delirium is a frequent complication of cancer treatment and is associated with a high incidence of morbidity and mortality." | ( Fann, JR; Sullivan, AK, 2003) |
| "Delirium is an organic psychiatric syndrome characterized by fluctuating consciousness and impaired cognitive functioning." | ( Denda, K; Inoue, S; Inoue, T; Koyama, T; Matsuyama, T; Sasaki, Y; Sunami, T, 2003) |
| "Delirium is a common disorder that often complicates treatment in patients with life-limiting disease." | ( Jackson, KC; Lipman, AG, 2004) |
| "Delirium is commonly encountered in elderly patients in general hospitals." | ( Boelaarts, L; de Jonghe, JF; Hovinga, IM; Kalisvaart, CJ; Kat, MG, 2004) |
| "Postictal delirium is an acute confusional state occurring during the immediate postictal phase in patients receiving electroconvulsive therapy that is characterized by motor agitation, disorientation, clouded consciousness, repetitive stereotyped movements, and poor response to commands." | ( Bouckaert, F; Fernandez, I; Hagon, A; Hagon, B; Peuskens, J; Sienaert, P, 2004) |
| "Delirium is thought to be a temporary psychiatric disorder resulting from a reduced central cholinergic transmission, combined with an increased dopaminergic transmission." | ( Gagnon, P; Gaudreau, JD, 2005) |
| "Delirium is a syndrome, not a disease, and has many causes, all of which result in a similar pattern of signs and symptoms relating to a patient's level of consciousness and cognitive impairment." | ( Karamustafalioglu, O; Mercan, R; Mercan, S, 2005) |
| "Delirium is a common complication in the postoperative period of elderly patients treated for hip fractures." | ( Eriksdotter Jonhagen, M; Santana Santos, F; Tadeu Velasco, I; Varli, F; Wahlund, LO, 2005) |
| "Delirium is a frequently occurring but often under-diagnosed and under-treated problem in the intensive care unit (ICU)." | ( Polderman, KH; Smit, E, 2005) |
| "Delirium is a frequent complication of major surgery in older persons." | ( Fingeroth, R; Garb, JL; Krushell, R; Laki, A; Liptzin, B, 2005) |
| "Delirium is the second most common psychiatric condition in cancer patients in general." | ( Hjermstad, MJ; Kaasa, S; Loge, JH, 2006) |
| "Delirium is a transient global disorder of cognition." | ( Ariogul, S; Cankurtaran, ES; Cankurtaran, M; Halil, M; Ozkayar, N; Shorbagi, A; Ulger, Z; Yavuz, BB, 2006) |
| "Delirium is characterized by disturbances of consciousness, attention, cognition, and perception and is the most common reason for acute cognitive dysfunction in hospitalized elderly patients." | ( Collins, RJ, 2006) |
| "Delirium is a common condition frequently seen in consultation-liaison psychiatry." | ( Alao, AO; Koss, M; Pohl, EL; Soderberg, M, 2005) |
| "Delirium is a common clinical problem in elderly patients." | ( Joosten, E; Lemiengre, J; Milisen, K; Nelis, T; Verbeke, G, 2006) |
| "Delirium is a complex neuropsychiatric syndrome with an acute onset and fluctuating course." | ( Engelhart, MJ; Fekkes, D; Tiemeier, H; van der Cammen, TJ, 2006) |
| "Drug-induced delirium is a common matter in the elderly and anticholinergics, together with a number of different drugs, may significantly contribute to the delirium onset, especially in demented people." | ( Cotroneo, A; De Fazio, P; De Fazio, S; De Sarro, G; Gallelli, L; Gareri, P; Lacava, R, 2007) |
| "Delirium is common in acutely ill patients and can result in substantial morbidity if left untreated." | ( Battistone, S; Devlin, JW; Fong, JJ; Rea, RS, 2007) |
| "Delirium is very common in the elderly." | ( Derouesné, C; Lacomblez, L, 2007) |
| "Delirium is a common mental disorder with serious adverse outcomes in hospitalised patients." | ( Britton, AM; Holmes, J; Siddiqi, N; Stockdale, R, 2007) |
| "Delirium is an important problem in hospitalized cancer patients." | ( Gagnon, P; Gaudreau, JD; Harel, F; Roy, MA; Tremblay, A, 2007) |
| "Delirium is now the preferred term to describe acute confusional states." | ( Burns, A; Karim, S; Overshott, R, 2008) |
| "Delirium is a potentially life-threatening syndrome that is particularly common in elderly hospitalized patients, especially those with preexisting neurologic disorders." | ( Caselli, RJ; Demaerschalk, BM; Schrader, SL; Wellik, KE; Wingerchuk, DM; Woodruff, BK, 2008) |
| "However, delirium is underrecognized and undertreated because of its heterogeneous and fluctuating presentation and due to the limitations in resources and training in contemporary clinical settings." | ( Han, C; Marks, DM; Masand, P; Pae, CU; Patkar, AA, 2008) |
| "Postoperative delirium is a common complication in geriatric patients." | ( Angles, EM; Moss, M; Raeburn, CD; Robinson, TN, 2008) |
| "Delirium is a common disorder in the early phase of stroke." | ( de Kort, PL; Jansen, BP; Kappelle, LJ; Oldenbeuving, AW; Roks, G, 2008) |
| "Delirium is a common problem in older patients admitted to the hospital." | ( Rahn, A, 2008) |
| "Delirium is one of the most commonly encountered complications in patients with cancer." | ( Akechi, T; Furukawa, TA; Okuyama, T; Sagawa, R; Uchida, M, 2009) |
| "Delirium is a very common and serious disorder with high morbidity and mortality." | ( Howard, R; Tabet, N, 2009) |
| "Agitated delirium is common in patients undergoing mechanical ventilation, and is often treated with haloperidol despite concerns about safety and efficacy." | ( Ainslie, WR; Bates, S; Bellomo, R; Goldsmith, D; O'Sullivan, K; Reade, MC, 2009) |
| "Delirium is a common, underdiagnosed and serious problem in intensive care unit patients." | ( Page, VJ, 2009) |
| "ICU-delirium is common and occurred in all age groups in the present study." | ( Svenningsen, H; Tønnesen, E, 2009) |
| "Delirium is an acute organ dysfunction common amongst patients treated in intensive care units." | ( Barber, V; Ely, EW; Mac Sweeney, R; McAuley, DF; Page, V; Perkins, GD; Young, JD, 2010) |
| "Hyperactive delirium is treated pharmacologically by 95%; hypoactive delirium is treated pharmacologically by 25%, with haloperidol the most common agent used in both." | ( Barber, V; Ely, EW; Mac Sweeney, R; McAuley, DF; Page, V; Perkins, GD; Young, JD, 2010) |
| "Hypoactive delirium is infrequently treated pharmacologically." | ( Barber, V; Ely, EW; Mac Sweeney, R; McAuley, DF; Page, V; Perkins, GD; Young, JD, 2010) |
| "Delirium is common in the elderly and is associated with high mortality and negative health outcomes." | ( Burns, A; Morris, J; Overshott, R; Vernon, M, 2010) |
| "Delirium is a complex neuropsychiatric syndrome characterized by disturbances in consciousness, orientation, memory, thought, perception, and behaviour due to one or more structural and/or physiological abnormalities directly or indirectly affecting the brain." | ( Grover, S; Gupta, N; Mattoo, SK, 2010) |
| "Although delirium is considered to be a common and preventable problem with serious implications for critically ill patients, the intensivist physicians surveyed do not use a tool for its evaluation in the ICU." | ( Carrillo, R; Celis, E; Ceraso, DH; Dueñas-Castel, C; Raimondi, N; Rodriguez, F; Ugarte Ubiergo, S, 2010) |
| "Delirium is common in hospitalized geriatric patients with hip fractures." | ( Chrispal, A; Mathews, KP; Surekha, V, 2010) |
| "The etiology of delirium is multi-factorial." | ( Chrispal, A; Mathews, KP; Surekha, V, 2010) |
| "Delirium is a commonly occurring complex neuropsychiatric disorder." | ( Adyemo, T; Bisson, JI; Chapple, S; Eeles, E; Farewell, D; Karapareddy, V; Muthuvelu, P; Phillips, B; Tahir, TA, 2010) |
| "Delirium is frequently diagnosed in critically ill patients and is associated with adverse outcome." | ( Honing, ML; Karakus, A; Kesecioglu, J; Kuiper, MA; Roes, KC; Slooter, AJ; Spronk, PE; van der Jagt, M; van der Mast, RC; van Eijk, MM; van Gool, WA, 2010) |
| "delirium is a common clinical problem and is associated with adverse health outcomes." | ( Clegg, A; Young, JB, 2011) |
| "In elderly people a delirium is often misinterpreted as dementia." | ( Back, C; Haen, E; Wittmann, M, 2011) |
| "Delirium is associated with a host of negative outcomes, including increased risk of mortality, longer hospital stay, and poor long-term cognitive function." | ( Beglinger, LJ; Capizzano, AA; Gingrich, R; Magnotta, VA; Mills, JA; Vik, SM; Weckmann, MT; Yager, JR, 2011) |
| "Postoperative delirium is a serious complication of cardiac surgery." | ( Kazmierski, J; Kloszewska, I, 2011) |
| "Delirium is a common, difficult-to-diagnose clinical condition in critical care units." | ( Christudas, A; Ebenezer, JA; Gangadharan, A; George, C; Gnanaseelan, LK; Jacob, KS; Nair, JS, 2011) |
| "Delirium is defined by a fluctuating level of attentiveness and has been associated with increased ICU mortality and poor cognitive outcomes in both general ICU and neurocritical care populations." | ( Frontera, JA, 2011) |
| "Delirium is the most frequent neuropsychiatric disorder that affects the advanced cancer population who are receiving palliative care." | ( Gagnon, B; Galanakis, C; Mayo, NE, 2011) |
| "delirium is a frequent neuropsychiatric syndrome affecting medical and surgical elderly patients." | ( Batista, P; Cerejeira, J; Firmino, H; Mukaetova-Ladinska, EB; Nogueira, V; Vaz-Serra, A, 2011) |
| "Delirium is the most common complication of hospital admissions for older adults and is associated with a significant amount of morbidity and mortality, prolonged hospital stays, functional decline, and decreased quality of life." | ( Derby, S, 2011) |
| "Delirium is common in the last weeks of life, occurring in 26% to 44% of people with advanced cancer in hospital, and in up to 88% of people with terminal illness in the last days of life." | ( Keeley, PW, 2009) |
| "The incidence of delirium is high in this group, and experiencing delirium has major short- and long-term sequelae, which makes prevention crucial." | ( de Jonghe, A; de Rooij, SE; Goslings, JC; Kloen, P; Korevaar, JC; Levi, MM; van Munster, BC; van Oosten, HE; van Rees, C; van Velde, R; Wolvius, R, 2011) |
| "Hypoactive delirium is an independent predictor for prolonged mechanical ventilation time (OR = 1." | ( Ganslmeier, P; Graf, BM; Grossmann, E; Haneya, A; Moritz, S; Raffer, M; Schmid, C; Schmidt, C; Stransky, M; Trabold, B, 2011) |
| "Because delirium is often drug induced in terminal cancer patients and opioids are amongst the most frequently implicated drugs, we hypothesised that the underlying pain problem and its treatment might have been related to the need for sedation." | ( Bannink, M; Bromberg, JE; Lieverse, PJ; Oldenmenger, WH; Oosten, AW; Schmitz, PI; van der Rijt, CC; van Zuylen, C, 2011) |
| "Delirium is a side effect associated with narcotic analgesics, with a higher incidence in the elderly." | ( Crane, JH; Suda, KJ, 2011) |
| "Postoperative delirium is an important problem in patients undergoing major surgery." | ( Berger, KU; Heringlake, M; Hueppe, M; Meyerrose, J; Paarmann, H; Schoen, J, 2011) |
| "Delirium is the most common mental disturbance in critically-ill patients and results in significant morbidity and mortality." | ( Ensom, MH; Loh, GW; Mabasa, VH; Wang, EH, 2012) |
| "Emergence delirium is defined by Sikich and Lerman (2004) as a disturbance in awareness of, and attention to, the environment with disorientation and perceptual alterations including hypersensitivity to stimuli and hyperactive motor behaviour in the immediate post-anaesthesia period." | ( Duffen, A; Williams, A, 2011) |
| "Delirium is commonly associated with metabolic endocrine disturbances and about one-sixth of the patients die during the short inpatient stay." | ( Agarwal, M; Avasthi, A; Basu, D; Chakrabarti, S; Grover, S; Kate, N; Kulhara, P; Malhotra, S; Mattoo, SK, 2012) |
| "Motor profile in delirium is relatively consistent over episode course and relates more closely to delirium phenomenology than to etiology or medication exposure." | ( Adamis, D; Conroy, M; Donnelly, S; Leonard, M; Meagher, DJ; Trzepacz, PT, 2011) |
| "Delirium is a common yet under-diagnosed syndrome of acute brain dysfunction, which is characterized by inattention, fluctuating mental status, altered level of consciousness, or disorganized thinking." | ( Ely, EW; Hipp, DM, 2012) |
| "Delirium is frequently encountered in the ICU and is associated with significant adverse outcomes." | ( Jones, SF; Pisani, MA, 2012) |
| "Delirium is still one of the most common and distressing symptoms in palliative care patients." | ( Jagsch, C; Kierner, KA; Watzke, HH, 2012) |
| "Delirium is a common complication in elderly patients after cardiac surgery and is associated with adverse outcomes including prolonged hospital stay and increased mortality." | ( Bakker, RC; Bogers, AJ; Kappetein, AP; Osse, RJ; Tulen, JH, 2012) |
| "In addition, delirium is an important predictor of 30-day mortality." | ( Bakker, RC; Bogers, AJ; Kappetein, AP; Osse, RJ; Tulen, JH, 2012) |
| "Delirium is one of the most serious and common complications that up to one third of older patients admitted to hospital develop." | ( Martin, JJ, 2012) |
| "Intensive care delirium is a well-recognized complication in critically ill patients." | ( Bellapart, J; Boots, R, 2012) |
| "Delirium is understudied in developing countries, where there tends to be a lower proportion of older persons and comorbid dementia." | ( Chakravarty, K; Grover, S; Gupta, N; Mattoo, SK; Meagher, DJ; Trzepacz, PT, 2012) |
| "Delirium is a neuropsychiatric syndrome recognized as a marker for increased health care costs, morbidity, mortality, and institutionalization that often complicates acute physical illness in elderly people." | ( Dikici, S; Kocaman, G; Kocer, A; Ozdem, S, 2012) |
| "Excited delirium is increasingly recognized as a risk factor for sudden death, though the specific pathophysiology of these deaths is typically unclear." | ( Ali, K; Bozeman, WP; Winslow, JE, 2013) |
| "Postoperative delirium is a common complication after major surgery and is characterized by acute confusion with fluctuating consciousness." | ( Ando, N; Fujisawa, D; Hashiguchi, S; Kitagawa, Y; Mimura, M; Miyajima, K; Ozawa, S; Shirahase, J; Takeuchi, H; Takeuchi, M; Yoshimura, K, 2012) |
| "Delirium is common after hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT) and is associated with increased morbidity and mortality." | ( Beglinger, LJ; Gingrich, R; Hook, L; Mills, JA; Weckmann, MT, 2012) |
| "Postoperative delirium is a common medical complication following cardiac surgery." | ( Banayan, D; Bhalerao, S; Groen, JA; Gupta, S; Xu, S, 2012) |
| "However, interictal delirium is uncommon in absence of risk factors." | ( Praharaj, SK; Selvaraj, AG, 2012) |
| "Delirium is considered to worsen life prognosis in elderly patients with stroke." | ( Miyake, K; Murao, K; Ohta, T; Takemoto, K, 2013) |
| "Delirium is a syndrome characterised by a disturbance of consciousness (often fluctuating), cognition and perception." | ( Candy, B; Jackson, KC; Jones, L; King, M; Leurent, B; Tookman, A, 2012) |
| "Delirium is a common and serious acute neuropsychiatric syndrome characterized by inattention and global cognitive dysfunction." | ( Furuya, M; Horiguchi, J; Miyaoka, T; Otsuka, S; Tanaka, I; Wake, R; Yamashita, S; Yasuda, H, 2012) |
| "Delirium is a common complication in postoperative critically ill patients." | ( Egi, M; Kanazawa, T; Morimatsu, H; Morita, K; Toda, Y; Yoshitaka, S, 2013) |
| "Delirium is associated with increased morbidity and mortality." | ( Pickkers, P; Schoonhoven, L; van Achterberg, T; van den Boogaard, M; van der Hoeven, JG, 2013) |
| "Delirium is a common syndrome present at the end of life and causes significant distress for patients and families." | ( Hang, PC; Holahan, T; Kerr, CW; Luczkiewicz, DL; Milch, R, 2014) |
| "Delirium is associated with high rates of morbidity and mortality in hospitalized medically ill patients." | ( Bucklin, M; Hawkins, SB; Muzyk, AJ, 2013) |
| "Post-operative delirium is a common and dangerous complication of cardiac surgery." | ( Arora, RC; Martin, BJ, 2013) |
| "Delirium is a common pathologic event in both medical and surgical patients." | ( Brown, KE; Kwatra, MM; Mirrakhimov, AE; Yeddula, K, 2013) |
| "Delirium is a serious neuropsychiatric syndrome of acute onset that occurs in approximately one in five general hospital patients and is associated with serious adverse outcomes that include loss of adaptive function, persistent cognitive problems and increased mortality." | ( Adamis, D; Dunne, C; Fitzgerald, JM; Meagher, DJ; O'Regan, N; Timmons, S; Trzepacz, PT, 2013) |
| "Postoperative delirium is a recognized complication in populations at risk." | ( Saporito, A; Sturini, E, 2014) |
| "Agitated delirium is a palliative care emergency." | ( Bascom, PB; Bordley, JL; Lawton, AJ, 2014) |
| "Delirium is a neurobehavioral syndrome caused by dysregulation of neuronal activity secondary to systemic disturbances." | ( Maldonado, JR, 2013) |
| "Delirium is a frequently misdiagnosed and inadequately treated neuropsychiatric complication most commonly observed in terminally ill cancer patients." | ( Ambrosio, M; Cavallari, M; Cibien, F; Cuneo, A; Daghia, G; Formigaro, L; Lista, E; Martinelli, S; Pizzolato, M; Rigolin, GM; Sofritti, O, 2013) |
| "Delirium is a frequent disorder in intensive care unit (ICU) patients with serious consequences." | ( Beishuizen, A; Brüggemann, RJ; Hoogendoorn, ME; Houterman, S; Kuiper, MA; Pickkers, P; Schoonhoven, L; Schouten, JA; Slooter, AJ; Spronk, PE; van den Boogaard, M; van der Hoeven, JG; van der Voort, PH, 2013) |
| "Post-cardiotomy delirium is common and associated with increased morbidity and mortality." | ( Balslev Jørgensen, M; Kirkegaard, T; Lind Jørgensen, V; Schrøder Pedersen, S, 2014) |
| "Delirium is frequently diagnosed in critically ill patients and is associated with poor clinical outcomes." | ( Alce, T; Ely, EW; Gates, S; Jackson, J; McAuley, DF; Page, VJ; Perkins, GD; Shintani, A; Zhao, XB, 2013) |
| "Delirium is a highly prevalent complication in patients in palliative care settings, especially in the end-of-life context." | ( Breitbart, W; Bruera, E; Bush, SH; Currow, DC; Davis, DHJ; Gagnon, B; Gagnon, PR; Hartwick, M; Kanji, S; Lawlor, PG; Meagher, D; Pereira, JL; Rabheru, K; Regnier, L; Wright, D, 2014) |
| "Postoperative delirium is the most common postoperative complication in the elderly." | ( Akiyama, H; Ando, M; Fujisiro, K; Fukata, S; Hattori, H; Katagawa, Y; Kawabata, Y; Kawamura, T; Kuroiwa, K; Terabe, Y, 2014) |
| "Delirium is common in older adults in the perioperative period, being a complication in up to 60 % of major surgical procedures." | ( Gosch, M; Nicholas, JA, 2014) |
| "Delirium is associated with increased morbidity and mortality in injured patients." | ( Ball, CG; Blackmore, C; Kirkpatrick, AW; Niven, D; Ouellet, JF, 2014) |
| "Delirium is common after cardiac surgery and may be partly related to the systemic inflammatory response triggered by the surgery and the use of cardiopulmonary bypass." | ( Devlin, JW; Sauër, AM; Slooter, AJ; van Dijk, D; van Eijk, MM; Veldhuijzen, DS, 2014) |
| "Delirium is a complex neurobehavioral syndrome caused by dysregulation of brain activity, characterized by an alteration in the level of attention and awareness, which develops over a short period of time and is seen as a change from the patient's baseline." | ( Howland, RH, 2014) |
| "Delirium is defined by the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, fourth edition, text revision (DSM-IV-TR) as a potentially reversible disturbance of consciousness and a change of cognition caused by a medical condition, drug intoxication, or medication side effect." | ( Hopf, HB; Schütz, M; Vogt, A; Volz, D, 2014) |
| "Delirium is a serious and common problem in severely medically ill patients of all ages." | ( Hanft, A; Turkel, SB, 2014) |
| "Delirium is associated with substantial morbidity and mortality rates in elderly hospitalised patients, and a growing problem due to increase in life expectancy." | ( Anten, S; Bet, PM; Boelaarts, L; de Graaf, K; de Vries, OJ; Diepeveen, SH; Kamper, AM; Kramer, MH; Kuipéri, E; Lagaay, AM; Nanayakkara, PW; Pons, D; Schrijver, EJ; Siegel, A; van de Ven, PM; van Marum, RJ; van Strien, AM; Verburg, A, 2014) |
| "Postoperative delirium is one of the most common complications of major surgery, affecting 10-70% of surgical patients 60 years and older." | ( Arya, VK; Avidan, MS; Ben Abdallah, A; Chen, Y; Choi, S; Downey, RJ; Escallier, KE; Fritz, BA; Grocott, HP; Hudetz, JA; Inouye, SK; Jacobsohn, E; Kaiser, H; Mashour, GA; Maybrier, HR; Muench, MR; Noh, G; Pagel, PS; Pong, R; Pryor, K; Veselis, RA, 2014) |
| "Emergence delirium is a significant problem in children regaining consciousness following general anaesthesia." | ( Allen, JC; Bong, CL; Choo, WL; Lim, E; Siow, YN; Tan, JS; Teo, PB, 2015) |
| "The diagnosis of delirium is not supported by specific biomarkers." | ( Egberts, A; Fekkes, D; Hooijkaas, H; Mattace-Raso, FU; van der Cammen, TJ; van der Ploeg, MA; Wijnbeld, EH; Ziere, G, 2015) |
| "Delirium is a common complication in postoperative, critically ill patients." | ( Egi, M; Kanazawa, T; Morita, K; Toda, Y; Yoshitaka, S, 2014) |
| "Delirium is common during critical illness and associated with adverse outcomes." | ( Burns, K; Burry, L; Cook, D; Devlin, JW; Dodek, P; Ferguson, N; Fergusson, D; Fowler, R; Granton, J; Herridge, M; Jacka, M; Keenan, S; Mallick, R; Meade, M; Mehta, S; Olafson, K; Reynolds, S; Skrobik, Y; Steinberg, M; Tanios, M, 2015) |
| "Delirium is a complex but common disorder in palliative care with a prevalence between 13 and 88 % but a particular frequency at the end of life (terminal delirium)." | ( Berardi, MA; Caraceni, A; Caruso, R; Grassi, L; Mitchell, AJ; Nanni, MG; Riba, M, 2015) |
| "Delirium is a common occurrence in older hospitalised patients, particularly in the setting of surgical intervention and acute illness." | ( Almeida, OP; Ford, AH, 2015) |
| "Patients with delirium are frequently treated with antipsychotic medications that are well known to induce akathisia as a side effect." | ( Alici, Y; Forcen, FE; Matsoukas, K, 2016) |
| "Delirium is frequent in patients in the ICU, but its association with the outcome of weaning from mechanical ventilation has not been assessed." | ( Brochard, L; Brun-Buisson, C; Charles-Nelson, A; Dessap, AM; Katsahian, S; Launay, JM; Roche-Campo, F, 2015) |
| "Delirium is frequent at the initiation of ventilator weaning." | ( Brochard, L; Brun-Buisson, C; Charles-Nelson, A; Dessap, AM; Katsahian, S; Launay, JM; Roche-Campo, F, 2015) |
| "Delirium is a common complication after cardiac surgery and may be as a result of inadequate cerebral perfusion." | ( Dieleman, JM; Kappen, TH; Slooter, AJ; van Dijk, D; van Klei, WA; Wesselink, EM, 2015) |
| "Postoperative delirium is a frequent complication after major surgery in elderly patients and is related to an increase in adverse events, length of hospital stay, and mortality." | ( Crolla, RM; Raats, JW; Steyerberg, EW; van der Laan, L; van Eijsden, WA, 2015) |
| "Delirium is an acute-onset syndrome that exacerbates patients' condition and significantly increases consequential morbidity and mortality." | ( Grodzicki, T; Klich-Rączka, A; Pac, A; Piotrowicz, K; Zdzienicka, A, 2015) |
| "Emergence delirium is a common problem in children recovering from general anaesthesia." | ( Bala, I; Bhatia, N; Dwivedi, D; Makkar, JK; Singh, PM, 2016) |
| "Delirium is a common adverse event in patients with critical limb ischemia undergoing surgery with devastating outcome in the long term." | ( Mulder, PG; Raats, JW; van der Laan, L; van Eijsden, WA, 2015) |
| "Delirium is an important morbidity following heart surgery." | ( Aksoy, E; Cagli, K; Diken, AI; Erol, ME; Yalcinkaya, A; Yilmaz, S, 2016) |
| "Delirium is a palliative care emergency where patients experience changes in perception, awareness, and behavior." | ( Prommer, E, 2017) |
| "Postoperative delirium is a common neurobehavioral complication after major surgeries." | ( Ahmadi, M; Arbabi, M; Cheraghchi, H; Khalili, H; Mohammadi, M, 2016) |
| "Delirium is a common complication among hospitalized elderly individuals." | ( Berry, KM; Byun, EK; Lee, A; Oh-Park, M, 2016) |
| "The therapy of delirium is mostly determined by non-pharmacological measures aiming at early identification, reorientation and mobilization of the patient, improving cerebral activity and establishing adequate wake-sleep cycles." | ( Kersten, A; Reith, S, 2016) |
| "Delirium is a common occurrence in patients undergoing major cardiac surgery and is associated with a number of adverse consequences for the individual, their family and the health system." | ( Almeida, OP; Anstey, M; Edwards, M; Flicker, L; Ford, AH; Passage, J; Wibrow, B, 2016) |
| "Delirium is common in mechanically ventilated patients and is associated with cognitive impairment lasting at least 1 year after hospital discharge." | ( Colantuoni, E; Dinglas, VD; Ely, EW; Hopkins, RO; Hough, CL; Jackson, JC; Mendez-Tellez, PA; Morris, PE; Needham, DM; Wozniak, AW, 2016) |
| "Delirium is a common neuropsychiatric syndrome with considerable heterogeneity in clinical profile." | ( Adamis, D; de Jonghe, A; de Rooij, SE; Meagher, DJ; Scholtens, RM; van Munster, BC, 2016) |
| "Delirium is a frequent, costly and morbid problem." | ( Clayton-Chubb, DI; Lange, PW, 2016) |
| "Delirium is a common mental disorder, which is distressing and has serious adverse outcomes in hospitalised patients." | ( Clegg, A; Harrison, JK; Siddiqi, N; Simpkins, SA; Taylor, J; Teale, EA; Young, J, 2016) |
| "Delirium is common in daily practice." | ( Chang, CC; Hsu, WY; Ma, SP; Tsai, CJ, 2017) |
| "Delirium is an important complication in palliative care patients." | ( Bardenheuer, HJ; Frankenhauser, S; Kopitz, J; Petersen, KA; Plaschke, K; Weigand, MA, 2016) |
| "Dyspnea and delirium are the two most commonly treated symptoms." | ( Bobb, B, 2016) |
| "Delirium is a postoperative complication that occurs frequently in patients older than 65 years, and presages adverse outcomes." | ( Cui, F; Li, HL; Ma, D; Maze, M; Meng, ZT; Su, X; Wang, DX; Wu, XH; Zhu, SN; Zhu, X, 2016) |
| "Delirium is the most common and distressing neuropsychiatric syndrome in cancer patients." | ( Bruera, E; Dev, R; Hui, D, 2016) |
| "Delirium is a syndrome characterized by acute fluctuations and alterations in attention and arousal." | ( Burry, LD; Cheung, A; Chimunda, T; Choong, K; Duffett, M; Foster, J; Guenette, M; Menon, K; Rose, L; Thabane, L, 2016) |
| "Delirium is characterized by disturbances in circadian rhythm." | ( de Rooij, SE; Scholtens, RM; van Munster, BC; Vellekoop, AE; Vrouenraets, BC, 2016) |
| "Delirium is an acute state of brain dysfunction characterised by fluctuating inattention and cognitive disturbances, usually due to illness." | ( Anstey, M; Choo, L; Ford, A; Hardie, M; Hensley, M; Hillman, D; Kelty, E; Martinez, FE; Murray, K; Palmer, R; Roberts, B; Singh, B; Wibrow, B, 2017) |
| "Delirium is a significant issue in ICU because of its frequency and associated poorer outcomes." | ( Anstey, M; Choo, L; Ford, A; Hardie, M; Hensley, M; Hillman, D; Kelty, E; Martinez, FE; Murray, K; Palmer, R; Roberts, B; Singh, B; Wibrow, B, 2017) |
| "Delirium is a form of acute brain dysfunction that often is multifactorial in critical illness and, when seen in septic shock, is associated with prolonged mechanical ventilation, increased length of hospital stay, medical costs, higher mortality, and long-term cognitive impairment resembling dementia." | ( Ely, EW; Johnson, K; Stollings, JL, 2017) |
| "Infant delirium is an under-recognized clinical entity in neonatal intensive care, and earlier identification and treatment could minimize morbidities associated with this condition." | ( Bidegain, M; Cotten, CM; Edwards, LE; Hornik, CD; Hutchison, LB; Smith, PB, 2017) |
| "Delirium is highly prevalent in the intensive care unit (ICU) and is associated with adverse clinical outcomes." | ( Azad, A; Bernard, F; Burry, L; Detsky, M; Fan, E; Foster, J; Guenette, M; Mehta, S; Rose, L; Scales, D; Williamson, D, 2017) |
| "If delirium is not present, a diagnosis of WE is difficult because delirium is the hallmark symptom of WE." | ( Akechi, T; Furuya, D; Ikebuchi, K; Ishida, M; Onishi, H; Taji, Y; Takahashi, T; Tanahashi, I, 2018) |
| "Delirium is associated with increased intensive care unit and hospital length of stay, prolonged duration of mechanical ventilation, unplanned removal of tubes and catheters, and increased morbidity and mortality." | ( Apóstolo, J; Cardoso, D; Cunha, M; Neves, H; Rodrigues, M; Santos, E, 2017) |
| "Delirium is very common among patients with polytrauma, although no suitable means exist to feasibly reduce the incidence and duration of delirium in these patients." | ( Cai, Y; Ji, MS; Jin, ZC; Li, Y; Liu, J; Yan, J; Yang, HF; Yu, ZX, 2019) |
| "Delirium is a common and serious postoperative complication." | ( Abdallah, AB; Arya, VK; Avidan, MS; Downey, RJ; Emmert, DA; Fritz, BA; Grocott, HP; Hudetz, JA; Inouye, SK; Jacobsohn, E; Lee, YH; Mashour, GA; Maybrier, HR; Muench, MR; Noh, GJ; Pagel, PS; Pryor, KO; Rogers, EM; Veselis, RA; Vlisides, PE; Waberski, W; Waszynski, CM; Yulico, H, 2017) |
| "Delirium is a neurobehavioural disturbance that frequently develops particularly in the intensive care unit (ICU) population." | ( Blum, A; Gantner, L; Hollinger, A; Ledergerber, K; Marsch, S; Rüegg, S; Siegemund, M; Steiner, LA; Sutter, R; von Felten, S; Zimmermann, S, 2017) |
| "Delirium is a serious condition often experienced by critically ill patients in intensive care units (ICUs)." | ( Estrup, S; Gøgenur, I; Kjer, CKW; Mathiesen, O; Poulsen, LM, 2018) |
| "Postoperative delirium is associated with longer hospital stay and increased morbidities." | ( Ahn, HJ; Jung, DM; Kim, DK; Kim, JA; Lee, SM; Park, JH; Yang, M, 2018) |
| "Delirium is a primary adverse event in ventilated patients who receive long-term monosedative treatment." | ( Kang, Y; Lv, Y; Wang, P; Wang, Z; Xu, B; Yang, J; Zhou, Y, 2017) |
| "Delirium is a neurobehavioural syndrome that frequently develops in the postoperative setting." | ( Blum, A; Hollinger, A; Riegger, H; Seifert, B; Siegemund, M; Toft, K; Zehnder, T, 2018) |
| "Delirium is a common complication in the elderly after surgery and is associated with worse outcomes." | ( Guo, C; Hu, J; Li, CJ; Li, HJ; Mu, DL; Wang, BJ; Wang, DX; Wang, ZH; Zhang, QC, 2018) |
| "Delirium is a multifactorial entity, and its understanding continues to evolve." | ( Barr, J; Blair, GJ; Kuschner, WG; Mehmood, T; Rudnick, M, 2019) |
| "Postoperative delirium is common in elderly cardiac surgery patients." | ( Gasangwa, D; Marcantonio, ER; Mueller, A; O'Gara, B; Packiasabapathy, S; Patxot, M; Shaefi, S; Shankar, P; Subramaniam, B, 2018) |
| "Delirium is a common clinical syndrome defined as alterations in attention with an additional disturbance in cognition or perception, which develop over a short period of time and tend to fluctuate during the course of the episode." | ( Dening, T; Pinner, G; Wu, S; Xia, J; Yang, D; Yu, A; Zhang, Z; Zhao, S, 2018) |
| "Postoperative delirium is the most common neurological complication of cardiac surgery." | ( Golab, H; Leenders, J; Overdevest, E; van Straten, B, 2018) |
| "Delirium is a common complication seen after surgery and anesthesia, in particular in older patients." | ( Kopitz, J; Plaschke, K; Rullof, R; Schulz, S; Weigand, MA, 2018) |
| "Delirium is a modifiable complication associated with increased morbidity and mortality." | ( Arbabi, S; Bhalla, PI; Cuschieri, J; Maier, RV; O'Connell, KM; Quistberg, DA; Rivara, FP; Robinson, BRH; Tessler, R; Vavilala, MS, 2018) |
| "Postoperative delirium is the most common complication following major surgery in older patients." | ( Bigelow, GE; Gottschalk, A; Hasenboehler, EA; Jaberi, M; Li, T; Mears, SC; Neufeld, KJ; Oh, ES; Ouanes, JP; Rosenberg, PB; Sieber, FE; Stewart, KJ; Wang, NY, 2018) |
| "Delirium is an acute state of confusion and a fluctuating level of consciousness." | ( Berg, JP; Chaudhry, FA; Dahl, GT; Frihagen, F; Hassel, B; Idland, AV; Mariussen, E; Ræder, J; Watne, LO; Wyller, TB, 2018) |
| "Postoperative delirium is common after hip fracture surgery, and may have a neuro-inflammatory cause." | ( Clemmesen, CG; Foss, NB; Kristensen, MT; Lunn, TH; Palm, H, 2018) |
| "Delirium is a neuropsychiatric syndrome that can occur in hospitalized patients, including in palliative care settings." | ( Atayee, RS; Chang, JT; Edmonds, KP, 2018) |
| "Delirium is associated with increased healthcare costs of $16,303 to $64,421 per patient." | ( Cacchione, PZ; Compton, P; Pavone, KJ; Polomano, RC; Winner, L, 2018) |
| "Delirium is common in intensive care patients." | ( Chong, JS; Ng, KT; Shubash, CJ, 2019) |
| "Delirium is defined as a disturbance in attention, awareness and cognition with reduced ability to direct, focus, sustain and shift attention, and reduced orientation to the environment." | ( Bekker Mortensen, C; Egerod, I; Greve, IE; Herling, SF; Møller, AM; Svenningsen, H; Thomsen, T; Vasilevskis, EE, 2018) |
| "Background Delirium is the most frequent psychiatric syndrome in patients with advanced cancer, but its management is complicated by its multifactorial pathology." | ( Inoue, K; Matsuda, Y; Nakao, Y; Takemura, M; Tsuruta, R; Yabe, M, 2016) |
| "Delirium is a common neurocognitive complication in cancer." | ( Hahm, BJ; Hwang, H; Jung, D; Kim, WH; Kong, SH; Lee, HJ; Lee, KM; Noh, HL; Shim, EJ; Son, KL; Suh, YS; Yang, HK, 2019) |
| "Delirium is a common complication in critically ill patients and carries an increased risk of mortality and morbidity." | ( Barbateskovic, M; Jakobsen, JC; Maagaard, M; Perner, A; Wetterslev, J, 2019) |
| "Delirium is a common complication in critically ill patients and carries an increased risk of mortality and morbidity." | ( Barbateskovic, M; Jakobsen, JC; Maagaard, M; Perner, A; Wetterslev, J, 2019) |
| "Postoperative delirium is an important public health concern without effective prevention strategies." | ( Avidan, MS; Kunkler, BS; Mashour, GA; Maybrier, HR; Thompson, A; Vlisides, PE, 2019) |
| "Postoperative delirium is common following cardiac surgery and may be affected by choice of analgesic and sedative." | ( Banner-Goodspeed, V; Eikermann, M; Gallagher, J; Gasangwa, D; Marcantonio, ER; Mathur, P; Mueller, A; O'Gara, B; Packiasabapathy, S; Patxot, M; Shaefi, S; Shankar, P; Subramaniam, B; Talmor, D, 2019) |
| "Delirium is a marker of brain vulnerability, associated with increasing age, pre-existing cognitive impairment and, recently, cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) biomarkers of Alzheimer's disease." | ( Beverland, D; Cunningham, EL; Green, BD; Mawhinney, T; McAuley, DF; McGuinness, B; O'Brien, S; Pan, X; Passmore, AP; Schott, JM; Zetterberg, H, 2019) |
| "Delirium is very common in patients admitted to intensive care unit (ICU), and may worsen survival in these patients." | ( Li, S; Luo, A; Sun, R; Wang, S; Yang, C; Zhao, Y, 2019) |
| "Delirium is the most frequent complication of hospitalization for elders and a potentially devastating problem." | ( Elias, N; Kogan, Y; Odeh, M; Paz, A, 2019) |
| "Delirium is a disorder in awareness, attention and cognition." | ( Cocuzza, G; Cordaro, M; Crupi, R; Cuzzocrea, S; Di Paola, R; Impellizzeri, D; Lunardelli, ML; Martini, E; Siracusa, R, 2019) |
| "Postoperative delirium is associated with opioid use in the elderly and is a common complication of geriatric hip fractures, with reported incidences from 16% to 70%." | ( Connolly, KP; Kleinman, RS; Mehta, SN; Neuman, MD; Stevenson, KL, 2020) |
| "Delirium is an acute mental disorder and common postoperative complication." | ( Feng, K; Liu, H; Liu, Y; Wang, T; Wang, X; Ye, M; Zhao, G, 2019) |
| "Delirium is an acute disorder marked by impairments in attention and cognition, caused by an underlying medical problem." | ( Needham, DM; Neufeld, KJ; Nikooie, R; Oh, ES; Robinson, KA; Wilson, LM; Zhang, A, 2019) |
| "Delirium is common in hospitalized patients and is associated with worse outcomes." | ( Needham, DM; Neufeld, KJ; Nikooie, R; Oh, ES; Robinson, KA; Wilson, LM; Zhang, A, 2019) |
| "Delirium is a frequent and serious complication after cardiac surgery with cerebral hypoperfusion as one from the key pathophysiological mechanisms." | ( Choi, N; Kwak, YL; Shim, JK; Soh, S; Song, JW, 2020) |
| "Delirium is a serious medical condition with increased incidence in at-risk surgical populations." | ( Almeida, OP; Anstey, M; Edwards, M; Flicker, L; Ford, AH; Kelly, R; Passage, J; Patel, H; Wibrow, B, 2020) |
| "Postoperative delirium is a serious and common complication, it occurs in 13-50% of elderly patients after major surgery, and presages adverse outcomes." | ( Ji, Y; Jiang, M; Liu, Y; Shen, W; Sun, Y, 2019) |
| "While delirium is associated with cognitive decline and dementia, there is limited evidence to support causality for this relationship." | ( Ballweg, T; Blennow, K; Casey, CP; Farahbakhsh, Z; Krause, B; Lindroth, H; Miller, S; Mohanty, R; Prabhakaran, V; Sanders, RD; Twadell, S; Zetterberg, H, 2020) |
| "Delirium is common in the ICU, with incidence rates reported to be upwards of 70%." | ( Arora, RC; Le, ML; Mohammed, MK; Pereira, JV; Sanjanwala, RM, 2020) |
| "Delirium is reported in over 50% of critically ill ICU patients, and is associated with increased mortality and long-term cognitive consequences." | ( Farasatinasab, M; Ghorbani, M; Golchin, N; Jafarpour Machian, M; Mohammadi, G; Mokhtari, M; Nikoobakht, M; Ramak Hashemi, SM; Sistanizad, M; Yaseri, M, 2020) |
| "Delirium is common in elderly patients after surgery and is associated with poor outcomes." | ( Guo, C; Hu, J; Li, CJ; Li, XY; Ma, D; Mu, DL; Wang, BJ; Wang, DX, 2020) |
| "Postoperative delirium is a frequent and debilitating complication, especially amongst high risk procedures such as orthopedic surgery, and its pathogenesis remains unclear." | ( Porkka, F; Rodriguiz, RM; Subramaniyan, S; Terrando, N; Velagapudi, R; Wetsel, WC; Xiong, C, 2019) |
| "Delirium is a commonly occurred complication in the critically ill." | ( Du, B; Huang, H; Jiang, Z; Li, W; Ren, C; Wang, Y; Xi, X; Yao, Y; Zhang, L; Zhu, Y, 2020) |
| "Delirium is highly prevalent in people with advanced life limiting illness(es), and current evidence can inform how we provide best delirium care in this setting." | ( Agar, MR, 2020) |
| "Delirium is a common and serious complication in geriatric patients." | ( Blennow, K; Chaudhry, FA; Idland, AV; Knapskog, AB; Sajjad, MU; Watne, LO; Wyller, TB; Zetterberg, H, 2020) |
| "Delirium is a syndrome characterised by an acute disturbance of attention and awareness which develops over a short time period and fluctuates in severity over the course of the day." | ( Candy, B; Finucane, AM; Jones, L; Leurent, B; Sampson, EL; Stone, P; Tookman, A, 2020) |
| "Delirium is common in elderly inpatients, causing distress, cognitive decline and death." | ( Clayton-Chubb, DI; Lange, PW; Maier, AB; Watson, R, 2021) |
| "Conclusion - Delirium is a rare systemic side effect of cyclopentolate." | ( Alagöz, G; Atum, M; Çelik, E, 2020) |
| "Delirium is a very common condition associated with significant morbidity, mortality, and costs." | ( Chen, J; Jin, Y; Li, N; Li, Y; Ma, J; Mu, W; Shang, HC; Si, JH; Wang, J; Zheng, R, 2020) |
| "Postoperative delirium is a common sequela in older adults in the peri-operative period leading to poor outcomes with a complex pathophysiology which has led to a variety of different pharmacologic agents employed in attempts to prevent and treat this syndrome." | ( Scicutella, A, 2020) |
| "Delirium is common in patients admitted to the surgical trauma intensive care unit (ICU), and the risk factors for these patients differ from medical patients." | ( Abraham, MP; Bollig, RW; Corder, JM; Daley, BJ; Hamilton, LA; Heidel, RE; Hinds, M; Jeffcoach, DR; Lawson, CM; McMillen, JC; Tayidi, I; Taylor, JE, 2021) |
| "Delirium is a common complication after cardiac surgery." | ( Adamik, B; Forkasiewicz-Gardynik, K; Goździk, W; Kupiec, A, 2020) |
| "Delirium is a very common but annoying clinical state that interferes with the treatment of background disease and delays recovery." | ( Enomoto, R; Lee-Hiraiwa, E, 2021) |
| "Delirium is frequently observed in the intensive care unit (ICU) population, in particular." | ( Abdelhamid, S; Cajochen, C; Gebhard, CE; Hollinger, A; Huber, J; Reinhold, S; Siegemund, M; Steiner, LA; Sutter, R; Todorov, A; Tran, F; von Felten, S, 2020) |
| "Delirium is a well-known complication following surgery, especially with the increasing age of patients undergoing surgery." | ( Hayashi, H; Hyakutake, T; Ikeda, R; Kayama, T; Kijima, E; Kubota, D; Kurosaka, D; Marumo, K; Saito, M, 2020) |
| "Delirium is often an underdiagnosed and underestimated neuropsychiatric syndrome, especially in low- and middle-income countries." | ( Kumar, S; Pal, S; Pannu, AK; Sharma, N; Singh, SM, 2021) |
| "Delirium is an acute confusional state, common in critical illness and associated with cognitive decline." | ( Blackwood, B; McAuley, DF; McKenzie, CA; Ostermann, M; Page, VJ; Spronk, PE; Strain, WD; Taylor, D, 2020) |
| "Delirium is a highly prevalent and preventable neuropsychiatric condition with major health consequences." | ( Chien, SA; Deal, AM; Nakamura, ZM; Park, EM; Quillen, LJ; Rosenstein, DL; Shea, TC; Wood, WA, 2020) |
| "Postoperative delirium is associated with adverse postoperative outcomes." | ( Li, C; Ma, X; Marcantonio, E; Mei, X; Shen, Y; Xie, Z; Zheng, H; Zheng, HL, 2020) |
| "Delirium is an acute status of brain dysfunction that commonly occurs in patients who have undergone cardiac surgery, and increases morbidity and mortality." | ( Luo, QP; Wang, HB; Yan, FX; Yuan, S; Zhang, L; Zhang, Z, 2020) |
| "Delirium is a frequently encountered complication, which is associated with increased mortality." | ( Cui, Y; Shen, J; Wang, P; Xu, S, 2020) |
| "Delirium is one of the most frequently reported neuropsychiatric complications in the perioperative period, especially in the population of elderly patients who often suffer from numerous comorbidities undergoing extensive or urgent surgery." | ( Czempik, PF; Dziech, M; Krzych, ŁJ; Pluta, MP; Szczepańska, AJ, 2020) |
| "Postoperative delirium is common among older patients and preoperative identification of high-risk patients is widely recommended." | ( Abelha, FJ; Amorim, P; Crosby, G; Culley, DJ; Dias, M; Grasfield, R; Seixas, FS; Susano, MJ; Vide, S, 2021) |
| "Delirium is highly problematic in palliative care (PC)." | ( Agar, M; Bush, SH; Currow, DC; Dasgupta, M; Lacaze-Masmonteil, N; Lawlor, PG; MacDonald, AR; McNamara-Kilian, MT; Momoli, F; Pereira, JL; Tierney, S, 2020) |
| "Delirium is frequently observed in the postoperative and intensive care unit (ICU) population." | ( Brügger, J; Gysi, B; Hollinger, A; Huber, J; Rentsch, K; Riegger, H; Rüst, CA; Schmid, HR; Siegemund, M; Steiner, L; Surbeck, M; Toft, K; Tran, F, 2021) |
| "Delirium is a neuropsychiatric syndrome commonly encountered in critically ill patients, and systemic inflammation has been strongly implicated to underlie its pathophysiology." | ( Cheng, X; Fang, Q; Jiang, X; Shen, Y; Zhang, W, 2020) |
| "Postoperative delirium is a common psychiatric disorder among patients who undergo spinal surgery." | ( Liu, CZ; Ma, XH; Ye, JB; Zhang, HJ; Zhou, ZY, 2020) |
| "Postoperative delirium is associated with increases in the neuronal injury biomarker, neurofilament light (NfL)." | ( Ballweg, T; Blair, A; Blennow, K; Bo, A; Casey, C; Farahbakhsh, Z; Kayser, A; Lennertz, R; Lindroth, H; Parker, M; Pearce, RA; Sanders, RD; White, M; Zetterberg, H, 2021) |
| "Delirium is a frequent complication in patients admitted to intensive cardiac care units (ICCU) with potentially severe consequences including increased risks of mortality, cognitive impairment and dependence at discharge, and longer times on mechanical ventilation and hospital stay." | ( Bueno, H; Cortés-Beringola, A; Domínguez-Pérez, L; Martín-Asenjo, R; Maruri, R; Moreno, G; Puerto, E; Vicent, L; Vidán, MT, 2021) |
| "Delirium is defined as acute organic brain dysfunction characterised by inattention and disturbance of cognition." | ( Anstey, M; Ford, A; Ho, KM; Kelty, E; Litton, E; Martinez, FE; Murray, K; Myers, E; Wibrow, B, 2021) |
| "Delirium is the most common postoperative neurological complication and some evidence suggests that dexmedetomidine is associated with a decreased incidence of delirium." | ( Chen, J; Hua, W; Wang, H; Xin, X, 2021) |
| "Delirium is associated with significant patient morbidity and mortality, while also increasing health costs." | ( Chapman, G; Fernando, J; Hayman, M; Lee, D; Petersen, F; Tomkins, K; Wu, M, 2021) |
| "Delirium is a common complication in intensive care unit (ICU) patients, and it can significantly increase the length of hospital stay and cost." | ( Li, H; Liao, K; Wang, Y; Wu, Z, 2021) |
| "Postoperative delirium is common among older cardiac surgery patients." | ( Banner-Goodspeed, VM; Davis, R; Kelly, L; Khera, T; Marcantonio, ER; Mathur, PA; Mcgourty, M; Narayanan, S; Novack, L; Palihnich, K; Subramaniam, B; Talmor, D, 2021) |
| "Postoperative delirium is common among older surgical patients and may be associated with anesthetic management during the perioperative period." | ( Leung, JM; Min, J; Sands, LP; Wang, ML, 2021) |
| "Delirium is a frequent complication of critical illness in adult and pediatric populations and is associated with significant morbidity and mortality." | ( Liviskie, C; McPherson, C, 2021) |
| "Delirium is a common disorder among hospitalized older patients and results in increased morbidity and mortality." | ( Assavapokee, T; Chansirikarnjana, S; Charernwat, P; Ittasakul, P; Ngamkala, T; Ruangritchankul, S; Saranburut, K; Sriwannopas, O; Sukumalin, L; Thanapluetiwong, S, 2021) |
| "Postoperative delirium is a common neuropsychiatric syndrome resulting a high postsurgical mortality rate and decline in postdischarge function." | ( Cheon, SY; Kam, EH; Kim, EJ; Kim, SY; Koo, BN; Nam, J, 2021) |
| "Delirium is a serious and complex problem facing critically ill patients, their families, and the health care system." | ( Hough, CL; Palakshappa, JA, 2021) |
| "Pediatric COVID-19 delirium is a new manifestation of the COVID-19 disease." | ( Bauer, SC; Logan, A; Manak, C; Mitchell, M; Moral, F; Preloger, E; Roman, M; Sandage, SJ; Spindler, A, 2021) |
| "Agitated delirium is common and highly distressing." | ( Bruera, E; De La Rosa, A; Hui, D; Nguyen, T; Urbauer, DL, 2021) |
| "Delirium is a disorder that affects the body's response to treatment, length of stay in the ward, mortality, long-term cognitive impairment, and significantly increases treatment costs." | ( Friganovic, A; Krupa, S; Lange, S; Mędrzycka-Dąbrowska, W; Oomen, B, 2021) |
| "Delirium is an acute cognitive disorder that presents with fluctuation in cognition, apathy, and non-organized thinking, resulting in increased morbidity, mortality, intensive care unit (ICU) stay, and total healthcare costs." | ( Bai, Y; Dong, R; Liu, X; Qin, B; Song, X; Tian, S; Yang, D; Yang, M, 2021) |
| "Delirium is a prevalent clinical presentation in advanced illness." | ( Rashed, S; Shiu, A; Tham, K; Walpole, G; William, L, 2022) |
| "Delirium is a common and serious neurobehavioral syndrome, associated with prolonged hospital stays, and increased morbidity and mortality." | ( Han, Y; Qin, Z; Tian, Y, 2022) |
| "Delirium is an increasingly recognized hospital complication associated with poorer outcomes in critically ill children." | ( Chan, T; Dervan, LA; Koth, AM; Tjoeng, YL; Watson, RS, 2022) |
| "Delirium is a common and serious brain dysfunction." | ( Carnahan, R; Faine, B; Lee, S; Mohr, N; Okoro, UE; Swanson, MB, 2022) |
| "Delirium is a condition in which the main symptom is a mild disturbance of consciousness caused by a physical abnormality or medication, and various symptoms such as cognitive dysfunction, hallucinations, delusions, and mood swings appear with any disease." | ( Harashima, S; Hasegawa, T; Inada, S; Matsuda, Y; Sugano, K; Tanimukai, H, 2022) |
| "Delirium is a common postoperative complication." | ( Bu, X; Ge, Y; Wang, S; Wang, X; Wang, Y; Yi, H; Zhao, N, 2021) |
| "Postoperative delirium is associated with a breakdown in the BBB." | ( Blennow, K; Casey, CP; Kunkel, D; Lennertz, RC; Parker, M; Pearce, RA; Rivera, C; Sanders, RD; Tanabe, S; Taylor, J; Zetterberg, H, 2022) |
| "Postoperative delirium is frequent in older adults and is associated with postoperative neurocognitive disorder (PND)." | ( Briesacher, BA; Devlin, JW; Duprey, MS; Gou, Y; Griffith, JL; Inouye, SK; Jones, R; Marcantonio, ER; Saczynski, JS; Schmitt, EM; Travison, TG, 2022) |
| "Delirium is likely present in the neonatal intensive care unit and has been largely unrecognized." | ( Adams, SJ; Sprecher, A, 2022) |
| "Delirium is common in the critically ill, highly distressing to patients and families and associated with increased morbidity and mortality." | ( Anstey, M; Chapman, A; Ford, A; Hawkins, D; Ho, KM; Kelty, E; Litton, E; Martinez, FE; McCaffrey, J; Murray, K; Myers, E; Rashid, A; Regli, A; van Haren, FMP; Wibrow, B; Wyer, S, 2022) |
| "Delirium is a common, life-threatening, typical clinical syndrome with the main clinical manifestations of temporary organic mental disorder without specific drug treatment." | ( Gu, L; Liu, X; Wan, R; Ye, T; Yin, B; Zong, G, 2022) |
| "Delirium is a common neurocognitive complication after cardiac surgery." | ( Desai, N; Onwochei, DN; Patel, M, 2022) |
| "Delirium is associated with new onset dementia and accelerated cognitive decline; however, its pathophysiology remains unknown." | ( Caplan, GA; Close, J; Nitchingham, A; Oxenham, V; Pereira, JV; Wegner, EA, 2023) |
| "Delirium is the most common postoperative complication in older patients after prolonged anesthesia and surgery and is associated with accelerated cognitive decline and dementia." | ( Chen, K; Gupta, R; Hu, Q; Stephens, J; Xie, Z; Yang, G, 2022) |
| "Delirium is highly prevalent in the intensive care unit (ICU) and is associated with high morbidity and mortality." | ( Andersen-Ranberg, N; Andreasen, AS; Bestle, MH; Citerio, G; Damgaard, K; Dey, N; Granholm, A; Hästbacka, J; Jensen, TB; Mathiesen, O; Morgan, MPG; Nielsen, LG; Oxenbøll-Collet, M; Pedersen, HBS; Perner, A; Poulsen, LM; Sommer, T; Uslu, B; Weber, SO, 2022) |
| "Postoperative delirium is a frequent adverse event following elective non-cardiac surgery." | ( Behrends, M; Buren, MA; Clark, AJ; Leung, JM; Theologis, A; Zuraek, A, 2022) |
| "Postoperative delirium is common in older cardiac surgery patients and associated with negative short-term and long-term outcomes." | ( Busund, R; Haaverstad, R; Helbostad, JL; Landsverk, SA; Martinaityte, I; Neerland, BE; Norum, HM; Ræder, J; Selbaek, G; Simpson, MR; Skaar, E; Skjærvold, NK; Skovlund, E; Slooter, AJ; Svendsen, ØS; Tønnessen, T; Wahba, A; Wyller, TB; Zetterberg, H, 2022) |
| "Since delirium is associated with a malfunction of the neurotransmitter acetylcholine, midazolam appears to interfere with its proper metabolism, which can be triggered by epigenetic modifications." | ( Adamzik, M; Bazzi, M; Bazzi, Z; Bergmann, L; Holtkamp, C; Koos, B; Nowak, H; Orlowski, J; Rahmel, T; Rump, K; Thon, P; Unterberg, M, 2022) |
| "Delirium is a syndrome of acute brain dysfunction associated with anesthesia and surgery in patients, and tau protein may contribute to postoperative delirium." | ( Dong, Y; Liang, F; Ren, X; Song, A; Wu, X; Xie, Z; Yang, Y; Zhang, S; Zhang, Y, 2023) |
| "Severe delirium is associated with an increased risk of mortality, institutionalization, and length of stay." | ( Boustani, MA; Braly, T; Khan, BA; Khan, SH; Lindroth, HL; Meagher, AD; Mohanty, S; Ortiz, D; Perkins, AJ, 2022) |
| "Delirium is a prevalent complication of liver transplantation (LT)." | ( Firoozifar, M; Jalali, SS; Jamshidzadeh, A; Mottaghi, S; Nikoupour, H; Shafiekhani, M; Vazin, A, 2022) |
| "Drug-associated delirium is a common but potentially preventable neuropsychiatric syndrome associated with detrimental outcomes." | ( Biasi, J; Fellendorf, FT; Reininghaus, EZ; Reisinger, M; Schoberer, D, 2023) |
| "Delirium is a common and serious neuropsychiatric syndrome characterized with acute cognitive and attentional deficits, however, the effective therapies are lacking." | ( Chen, M; Du, J; Li, Y; Lu, D; Wang, Z; Wu, B; Xiao, Y; Zhang, F; Zhang, L, 2022) |
| "Delirium is a marker of acute brain insufficiency and a harbinger of poor outcomes and increased healthcare costs." | ( Smith, W; Whitlock, EL, 2023) |
| "Delirium is common, especially after neurosurgery." | ( Bao, Z; Cui, Q; Li, H; Li, M; Li, R; Li, S; Ma, T; Peng, Y; Sessler, DI; Wang, D; Zeng, M; Zhang, X, 2023) |
| "Delirium is common, especially after neurosurgery." | ( Bao, Z; Cui, Q; Li, H; Li, M; Li, R; Li, S; Ma, T; Peng, Y; Sessler, DI; Wang, D; Zeng, M; Zhang, X, 2023) |
| "Delirium is a critical postoperative complication in older patients." | ( Do, SH; Han, SH; Hwang, JW; Kim, H; Na, HS; Shin, HJ; Woo Nam, S; Yim, S, 2023) |
| "Hypomagnesemia and delirium are frequent problems in older patients, but no study has evaluated such an association in acute geriatric setting." | ( Boccardi, V; Bubba, V; Ercolani, S; Mecocci, P; Piccolo, A; Ruggiero, C; Scamosci, M; Serra, R; Villa, A, 2023) |
| "Postoperative delirium is common in older adult patients and associated with a poor prognosis." | ( Chen, S; Lei, L; Mao, YY; Qiu, D; Xing, LK; Yang, JJ; Zhao, JW, 2023) |
| "Delirium is a common distressing symptom observed in patients with terminal respiratory diseases and is treated with antipsychotic medications such as haloperidol." | ( Ando, K; Suzuki, A; Yoshida, H, 2023) |
| "Delirium is a common complication of critical illness, with a prevalence of 25% among pediatric intensive care unit (ICU) patients." | ( Bashqoy, F; Caballero, A; Herbsman, J; Papadopoulos, J; Saad, A; Santos, L, 2023) |
| "Delirium is a frequent unwanted symptom among critical ill patients." | ( Dana, E; Dichtwald, S; Fredman, B; Ifrach, N; Varbarbut, N; Zohar, E, 2023) |
| "Delirium is an acute confusional state and a common postoperative morbidity." | ( Chibnik, LB; Crosby, G; Culley, DJ; Das, S; Grodstein, F; Kim, EJ; Leonard, AK; Oren, RL; Rosner, B, 2023) |
| "Delirium is a major public health issue for surgical patients and their families because it is associated with increased mortality, cognitive and functional decline, prolonged hospital admission and increased healthcare expenditures." | ( Inouye, SK; Jewell, E; Lee, U; Martinez, S; Mashour, GA; McKinney, A; Mentz, G; Ragheb, J; Runstadler, N; Schmitt, EM; Vanini, G; Vlisides, PE, 2023) |
| "Delirium is common in critically ill patients." | ( Harada, H; Ikeda, K; Kamei, J; Kato, T; Kitajima, N; Kuriyama, A; Maeda, J; Matsuyama, A; Minami, T; Mizota, T; Ohtsuru, S; Sakai, Y; Sato, Y; Takatani, Y; Ueno, K; Watanabe, H; Yamaji, K; Yamashita, Y, 2023) |
| "Delirium is a severe acute neuropsychiatric syndrome that commonly occurs in the elderly and is considered an independent risk factor for later dementia." | ( Guo, YJ; Jiang, YY; Lei, P; Li, JJ; Meng, J; Pang, YY; Tang, JX; Wang, Q; Wei, JF; Yue, JR; Zhang, X; Zhao, YL; Zhu, BT, 2023) |
| "Postoperative delirium is an important issue in cancer patients, affecting surgical outcomes and the quality of life." | ( Akechi, T; Ariyoshi, K; Furukawa, T; Hashimoto, H; Hatta, K; Hirayama, T; Iwata, Y; Kayano, A; Maeda, M; Masanori, E; Matsuda, Y; Matsuoka, H; Nakahara, R; Ogawa, A; Ogawa, Y; Okita, N; Oyamada, S; Sadahiro, R; Saito, E; Sasaki, C; Sato, T; Sekimoto, A; Shimada, K; Tokoro, A; Uchitomi, Y; Uezono, Y; Yamaguchi, T; Yamamoto, N; Yanai, Y; Yorikane, E, 2023) |
| "Delirium is an acute brain dysfunction." | ( Cao, Y; Ding, Y; Miao, L; Ni, J; Shen, J; Song, Y; Zhu, B, 2023) |
| "Delirium is an acute and transient disorder of brain function that often occurs in post-surgical patients." | ( ArianNik, M; Fathi, M; Hannani, KK; Massoudi, N; Mohit, B; Nooraei, N, 2023) |
| "Postoperative delirium is common and serious in elderly patients." | ( Kinouchi, M; Mihara, T; Ogura, M; Taguri, M, 2023) |
| "Delirium is an acute disturbance in attention, cognition, and awareness that fluctuates over time." | ( Chin, E; Jaqua, EE; Nguyen, VTN, 2023) |