Kallmann Syndrome

A genetically heterogeneous disorder caused by hypothalamic GNRH deficiency and OLFACTORY NERVE defects. It is characterized by congenital HYPOGONADOTROPIC HYPOGONADISM and ANOSMIA, possibly with additional midline defects. It can be transmitted as an X-linked (GENETIC DISEASES, X-LINKED), an autosomal dominant, or an autosomal recessive trait.

Synonym
Kallmann Syndrome

Excerpt	Reference
"Kallmann syndrome is characterized by hypogonadotropic hypogonadism and anosmia and caused by a defect of migration and targeting of gonadotropin-releasing hormone-secreting neurons and olfactory axons during embryonic development."	( Ballabio, A; Ghezzi, C; Rugarli, EI; Valsecchi, V, 1996)
"Kallmann syndrome is characterized by hypogonadotropic hypogonadism and anosmia."	( Imai, A; Tamaya, T, 1996)
"Kallmann syndrome is defined by the association of hypogonadotropic hypogonadism and anosmia, for which three modes of transmission have been described: X-linked, autosomal recessive and autosomal dominant."	( Amino, N; Fukui, H; Hosokawa, A; Izumi, Y; Okamoto, S; Tatsumi, K; Ueno, S, 1999)
"Kallmann syndrome is defined by the association of hypogonadotropic hypogonadism and anosmia."	( Amino, N; Fukui, H; Honda, K; Hosokawa, A; Izumi, Y; Matoba, R; Matsuo, T; Okamoto, S; Takegawa, T; Tatsumi, K; Tun, Z, 2000)
"Kallmann syndrome is a very rare hereditary disease."	( Chao, MC; Chen, AH; Chou, YH; Huang, CH; Huang, SP; Li, CC; Wu, YP, 2002)
"Kallmann syndrome is a genetic disorder with the hallmarks of anosmia and hypogonadotrophic hypogonadism."	( Fechner, A; Fong, S; McGovern, P, 2008)
"Kallmann syndrome is characterised by congenital hypogonadotropic hypogonadism and anosmia, sometimes with other non-reproductive defects."	( Bülow, HE; MacColl, GS; Quinton, R, 2010)
"Kallmann syndrome is a multigenic human developmental disorder where the molecular pathogenesis is still only partially understood and there is no single unifying animal model."	( Choy, C; Kim, SH, 2010)
"The Kallmann syndrome is a very rare congenital association of gonadotropin-releasing hormone deficiency and hyposmia or anosmia."	( Bernecker, C; Mokosch, A; Neumann, NJ; Willenberg, HS, 2011)
"The Kallmann syndrome is characterised by the association of hypogonadotropic hypogonadism and hypo/anosmia."	( Borges, T; Cerqueira, R; Fonseca, P; Gama-de-Sousa, S; Guerra, IC; Novo, A; Rocha, F; Tavares, P, 2012)
"Kallmann syndrome is the result of innate genetic defects in the fibroblast growth factor (FGF) regulated signaling network causing diminished signal transduction."	( Kamptner, AZM; Stütz, A; Sutterlüty, H, 2021)

Timeframe	Studies, This Condition (%)	All Conditions %
pre-1990	1 (0.80)	23.3326
1990's	33 (26.40)	12.5806
2000's	47 (37.60)	18.1394
2010's	37 (29.60)	28.8240
2020's	7 (5.60)	9.53

Drug	Relationship Strength	Studies	Trials
5-hydroxytryptophan	low	1	0
adenine	low	1	0
cytosine	low	1	0
glycine	low	1	0
glycerol	low	1	0
melatonin	low	1	0
trimethylamine	low	1	0
benserazide	low	1	0
letrozole	medium	1	1
estriol	low	1	0
glutamine	low	2	0
lysine	low	1	0
tyrosine	low	2	0
valine	low	1	0
tryptophan	low	1	0
arginine	low	1	0
testosterone enanthate	low	2	0
dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate	low	1	0
trolamine salicylate	low	1	0
glutamic acid	low	1	0
buserelin	low	1	0
fomesafen	medium	2	1
fura-2	medium	1	1
6-sulfatoxymelatonin	low	1	0
5-bromo-4-chloro-3-indolyl beta-galactoside	low	1	0
triazoles	medium	1	1
proline	low	1	0
tretinoin	low	1	0
leuprolide	low	1	0
cholecalciferol	low	2	0
phenylephrine hydrochloride	low	4	0
neurokinin b	low	2	0
cysteine	low	1	0
phosphorus	low	1	0
menotropins	low	13	0
technetium tc 99m sestamibi	low	1	0
heparitin sulfate	low	5	0
epidermal growth factor	low	1	0
kiss1 protein, human	low	8	0
vitamin b 12	low	1	0
technetium tc 99m dimercaptosuccinic acid	low	1	0
guanine	low	1	0
leptin	low	9	0

Protein Targets (594)

Protein	Potency Measurements	Inhibition Measurements	Activation Measurements	Drugs
Chain A, MAJOR APURINIC/APYRIMIDINIC ENDONUCLEASE	2	0	0	2
Chain A, MTA/SAH nucleosidase	0	1	0	1
Chain A, Ribosome-inactivating protein alpha-trichosanthin	0	0	1	1
Chain A, Ricin A chain	0	0	1	1
Chain A, Ribosome-inactivating protein 3	0	0	1	1
Chain A, Phenylethanolamine N-methyltransferase	0	0	1	1
Chain A, Phenylethanolamine N-methyltransferase	0	0	1	1
Chain A, Phenylethanolamine N-methyltransferase	0	0	1	1
Chain A, Phenylethanolamine N-methyltransferase	0	0	1	1
Chain A, Phenylethanolamine N-methyltransferase	0	0	1	1
Chain A, Phenylethanolamine N-methyltransferase	0	0	1	1
Chain A, Phenylethanolamine N-methyltransferase	0	0	1	1
Chain A, Phenylethanolamine N-methyltransferase	0	0	1	1
Chain A, Phenylethanolamine N-methyltransferase	0	0	1	1
Chain A, Phenylethanolamine N-methyltransferase	0	0	1	1
Chain A, Phenylethanolamine N-methyltransferase	0	0	1	1
Chain A, Phenylethanolamine N-methyltransferase	0	0	1	1
Chain A, Phenylethanolamine N-methyltransferase	0	0	1	1
RAR-related orphan receptor gamma	8	0	0	8
TDP1 protein	6	0	0	6
AR protein	12	0	0	12
nuclear receptor subfamily 1, group I, member 3	5	0	0	5
cytochrome P450 family 3 subfamily A polypeptide 4	4	0	0	4
glucocorticoid receptor [Homo sapiens]	8	0	0	8
estrogen-related nuclear receptor alpha	7	0	0	7
pregnane X nuclear receptor	6	0	0	6
estrogen nuclear receptor alpha	12	0	0	12
cytochrome P450, family 19, subfamily A, polypeptide 1, isoform CRA_a	5	0	0	5
nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 isoform 2	3	0	0	3
heat shock protein beta-1	3	0	0	3
importin subunit beta-1 isoform 1	1	0	0	1
snurportin-1	1	0	0	1
tumor susceptibility gene 101 protein	1	0	0	1
GTP-binding nuclear protein Ran isoform 1	1	0	0	1
lamin isoform A-delta10	8	0	0	8
Voltage-dependent calcium channel gamma-2 subunit	4	0	0	4
Bile salt export pump	0	7	0	7
Cyclin-dependent kinase 1	0	1	0	1
Heat shock protein HSP 90-beta	0	1	0	1
Glutamate receptor 2	4	3	1	8
Xanthine dehydrogenase/oxidase	0	1	0	1
TAR DNA-binding protein 43	2	0	0	2
Protein mono-ADP-ribosyltransferase PARP15	0	1	0	1
Leucine-rich repeat serine/threonine-protein kinase 2	0	2	0	2
ATPase family AAA domain-containing protein 5	3	0	0	3
Ataxin-2	4	0	0	4
Chain E, LYSINE, ARGININE, ORNITHINE-BINDING PROTEIN	0	0	1	1
Chain E, LYSINE, ARGININE, ORNITHINE-BINDING PROTEIN	0	0	1	1
Chain E, LYSINE, ARGININE, ORNITHINE-BINDING PROTEIN	0	0	1	1
thioredoxin reductase	9	0	0	9
phosphopantetheinyl transferase	6	0	0	6
NFKB1 protein, partial	2	0	0	2
GLS protein	6	0	0	6
thyroid stimulating hormone receptor	3	0	0	3
alpha-galactosidase	1	0	0	1
euchromatic histone-lysine N-methyltransferase 2	11	0	0	11
cytochrome P450 2C19 precursor	2	0	0	2
chromobox protein homolog 1	6	0	0	6
flap endonuclease 1	3	0	0	3
DNA polymerase iota isoform a (long)	2	0	0	2
muscarinic acetylcholine receptor M1	3	0	0	3
lethal factor (plasmid)	4	0	0	4
Cytochrome P450 3A4	0	0	1	2
Nitric oxide synthase, endothelial	0	0	0	2
Nitric oxide synthase, brain	0	0	0	1
Nitric oxide synthase, brain	0	0	0	1
Nitric oxide synthase, inducible	0	0	0	1
Nitric oxide synthase, inducible	0	0	1	3
Cationic amino acid transporter 3	0	2	0	2
ATP-dependent phosphofructokinase	6	0	0	6
regulator of G-protein signaling 4	4	0	0	4
EWS/FLI fusion protein	3	0	0	3
arylsulfatase A	3	0	0	3
vitamin D3 receptor isoform VDRA	5	0	0	5
serine/threonine-protein kinase mTOR isoform 1	2	0	0	2
M-phase phosphoprotein 8	5	0	0	5
Zinc finger protein mex-5	0	0	1	1
POsterior Segregation	0	0	1	1
Genome polyprotein	0	1	0	1
Replicase polyprotein 1ab	0	2	1	3
D(1A) dopamine receptor	2	0	0	2
Hexokinase-2	0	1	0	1
Chain A, TYROSYL-DNA PHOSPHODIESTERASE	2	0	0	2
Proteasome subunit beta type-11	0	0	0	1
acetylcholinesterase	2	0	0	2
ATAD5 protein, partial	2	0	0	2
Fumarate hydratase	1	0	0	1
USP1 protein, partial	4	0	0	4
GLI family zinc finger 3	8	0	0	8
Microtubule-associated protein tau	4	0	0	4
Thrombopoietin	1	0	0	1
Smad3	1	0	0	1
caspase 7, apoptosis-related cysteine protease	2	0	0	2
estrogen receptor 2 (ER beta)	4	0	0	4
progesterone receptor	4	0	0	4
NADPH oxidase 1	0	1	0	1
retinoic acid nuclear receptor alpha variant 1	7	0	0	7
retinoid X nuclear receptor alpha	6	0	0	6
farnesoid X nuclear receptor	4	0	0	4
G	3	0	0	3
cytochrome P450 2D6	1	0	0	1
polyprotein	1	0	0	1
67.9K protein	2	0	0	2
peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor delta	5	0	0	5
peroxisome proliferator activated receptor gamma	7	0	0	7
vitamin D (1,25- dihydroxyvitamin D3) receptor	6	0	0	6
Snq2p	0	0	0	1
caspase-3	2	0	0	2
IDH1	3	0	0	3
Adenylate cyclase type 1	0	2	0	2
thyroid stimulating hormone receptor	4	0	0	4
v-jun sarcoma virus 17 oncogene homolog (avian)	1	0	0	1
Histone H2A.x	3	0	0	3
Caspase-7	2	0	0	2
Spike glycoprotein	0	1	1	2
Replicase polyprotein 1ab	0	1	1	2
cytochrome P450 2D6 isoform 1	2	0	0	2
cellular tumor antigen p53 isoform a	1	0	0	1
D(1A) dopamine receptor	1	0	0	1
potassium voltage-gated channel subfamily H member 2 isoform d	2	0	0	2
caspase-3	2	0	0	2
thyroid hormone receptor beta isoform 2	5	0	0	5
histone deacetylase 9 isoform 3	1	0	0	1
mitogen-activated protein kinase 1	1	0	0	1
atrial natriuretic peptide receptor 2 precursor	1	0	0	1
ras-related protein Rab-9A	2	0	0	2
nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 isoform 1	7	0	0	7
geminin	8	0	0	8
DNA polymerase kappa isoform 1	3	0	0	3
peripheral myelin protein 22	4	0	0	4
survival motor neuron protein isoform d	4	0	0	4
cytochrome P450 3A4 isoform 1	6	0	0	6
histone acetyltransferase KAT2A isoform 1	2	0	0	2
Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit pi	6	0	0	6
Proteasome subunit alpha type-7	0	0	0	1
Solute carrier family 22 member 1	0	1	0	1
Polyunsaturated fatty acid lipoxygenase ALOX15B	1	0	0	1
Transmembrane protease serine 2	0	1	1	2
Glutamate receptor ionotropic, NMDA 2D	0	2	0	2
ATP-binding cassette sub-family C member 3	0	3	0	3
Multidrug resistance-associated protein 4	0	4	0	5
Transient receptor potential cation channel subfamily V member 1	0	1	0	1
Glutamate receptor ionotropic, NMDA 3B	0	2	0	2
Voltage-dependent L-type calcium channel subunit alpha-1F	0	1	0	1
Bile salt export pump	0	1	0	1
5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 4	0	2	0	2
Potassium channel subfamily K member 2	0	1	0	1
Epidermal growth factor receptor	0	1	0	1
Interferon beta	3	0	0	3
HLA class I histocompatibility antigen, B alpha chain	3	0	0	3
Albumin	0	0	1	1
Albumin	0	0	1	1
Major prion protein	0	0	1	1
Sarcoplasmic/endoplasmic reticulum calcium ATPase 1	0	1	0	1
Receptor tyrosine-protein kinase erbB-2	0	1	0	1
Cellular tumor antigen p53	7	0	0	7
Major prion protein	0	0	1	1
Integrin beta-3	1	0	1	2
Cytochrome P450 1A2	0	1	2	3
Tyrosine-protein kinase Fyn	0	1	0	1
Procathepsin L	0	1	1	2
Aldo-keto reductase family 1 member B1	0	2	0	2
Muscarinic acetylcholine receptor M2	0	2	0	2
Muscarinic acetylcholine receptor M4	0	2	0	2
ATP-dependent translocase ABCB1	0	1	0	2
Muscarinic acetylcholine receptor M1	0	1	0	1
Muscarinic acetylcholine receptor M3	0	1	0	1
Muscarinic acetylcholine receptor M4	0	1	0	1
Integrin alpha-IIb	1	0	1	2
5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 1A	0	1	0	1
5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 2C	0	1	0	1
Muscarinic acetylcholine receptor M5	0	1	0	1
Muscarinic acetylcholine receptor M5	0	2	0	2
Alpha-2A adrenergic receptor	0	2	0	2
Replicase polyprotein 1a	0	1	1	2
Replicase polyprotein 1ab	0	1	1	2
Replicase polyprotein 1ab	0	1	1	2
Cys-loop ligand-gated ion channel	0	1	0	1
Calmodulin-1	0	2	1	3
Cytochrome P450 2D6	0	2	2	4
Muscarinic acetylcholine receptor M2	0	1	0	1
Muscarinic acetylcholine receptor M1	0	2	0	2
Cytochrome P450 2C9	0	1	1	2
Polyunsaturated fatty acid lipoxygenase ALOX15	0	2	0	2
Angiotensin-converting enzyme	0	2	0	2
D(2) dopamine receptor	0	2	0	3
5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 2A	0	1	0	1
Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit beta-1	6	0	0	6
Alpha-1B adrenergic receptor	0	4	0	4
Sphingomyelin phosphodiesterase	0	1	0	1
Alpha-2B adrenergic receptor	0	2	0	2
Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit delta	6	0	0	6
Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit gamma-2	6	0	0	6
Alpha-2C adrenergic receptor	0	2	0	2
D	0	2	0	2
D(3) dopamine receptor	0	2	0	2
5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 1A	0	3	0	3
Alpha-2B adrenergic receptor	0	2	0	2
Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit alpha-5	6	0	0	6
Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit alpha-3	6	0	0	6
D(2) dopamine receptor	0	1	0	1
Muscarinic acetylcholine receptor M3	0	2	0	2
Proteasome subunit beta type-1	0	0	0	1
Substance-K receptor	0	4	0	4
D(1A) dopamine receptor	0	2	0	3
D(4) dopamine receptor	0	2	0	3
D(1B) dopamine receptor	0	1	0	2
Adenylate cyclase type 3	0	2	0	2
Alpha-2C adrenergic receptor	0	2	0	2
UDP-glucuronosyltransferase 1A4	0	0	0	1
Alpha-2A adrenergic receptor	0	2	0	2
Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit gamma-1	6	0	0	6
Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit alpha-2	6	0	0	6
Alpha-1D adrenergic receptor	0	3	0	3
Sodium-dependent noradrenaline transporter	0	2	0	2
Sodium-dependent dopamine transporter	0	2	0	2
Histamine H2 receptor	0	2	0	2
Alpha-1D adrenergic receptor	0	2	0	2
D(1B) dopamine receptor	0	2	0	2
Proteasome subunit alpha type-1	0	0	0	1
Proteasome subunit alpha type-2	0	0	0	1
Proteasome subunit alpha type-3	0	0	0	1
Proteasome subunit alpha type-4	0	0	0	1
Adenylate cyclase type 2	0	2	0	2
Adenylate cyclase type 4	0	2	0	2
Proteasome subunit beta type-8	0	0	0	1
Proteasome subunit beta type-9	0	0	0	1
Proteasome subunit alpha type-5	0	0	0	1
Proteasome subunit beta type-4	0	0	0	1
Proteasome subunit beta type-6	0	0	0	1
Proteasome subunit beta type-5	0	0	0	1
5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 2A	0	2	0	2
5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 2C	0	2	0	2
Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit alpha-4	6	0	0	6
Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit gamma-3	6	0	0	6
5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 1B	0	2	0	2
Trypanothione reductase	0	2	0	2
Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit alpha-6	6	0	0	6
D(4) dopamine receptor	0	2	0	2
5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 2B	0	1	0	1
Histamine H1 receptor	0	1	0	1
Sodium-dependent serotonin transporter	0	4	0	4
Melanocortin receptor 4	0	2	0	2
5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 7	0	1	0	1
Melanocortin receptor 5	0	2	0	2
Pleiotropic ABC efflux transporter of multiple drugs	0	1	0	2
5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 7	0	1	0	1
Histamine H1 receptor	0	2	0	2
Mu-type opioid receptor	0	2	0	2
Glutamate receptor ionotropic, NMDA 1	0	6	2	10
D(3) dopamine receptor	0	2	0	3
Sodium channel protein type 1 subunit alpha	0	1	0	1
Sodium channel protein type 4 subunit alpha	0	1	0	1
Adenylate cyclase type 8	0	2	0	2
Proteasome subunit beta type-10	0	0	0	1
Delta-type opioid receptor	0	2	0	2
Kappa-type opioid receptor	0	2	0	2
5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 2B	0	4	0	4
Melanocortin receptor 3	0	2	0	2
Alpha-1A adrenergic receptor	0	5	0	5
Histamine H2 receptor	1	0	0	1
Proteasome subunit beta type-3	0	0	0	1
Proteasome subunit beta type-2	0	0	0	1
5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 6	0	2	0	2
5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 7	0	1	0	1
Cytochrome P450 2J2	0	1	0	1
Gastrin/cholecystokinin type B receptor	0	1	0	1
Spike glycoprotein	2	1	1	4
Proteasome subunit alpha type-6	0	0	1	2
D(2) dopamine receptor	0	2	0	3
Calmodulin	0	1	1	2
Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit alpha-1	6	0	0	6
Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit beta-3	6	0	0	6
Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit beta-2	6	0	0	6
Aldehyde oxidase 1	0	1	0	1
Glutamate receptor ionotropic, NMDA 2A	0	5	2	9
Glutamate receptor ionotropic, NMDA 2B	0	5	2	9
Glutamate receptor ionotropic, NMDA 2C	0	5	2	9
Sodium channel protein type 7 subunit alpha	0	1	0	1
Voltage-dependent L-type calcium channel subunit alpha-1D	0	1	0	1
Sodium-dependent dopamine transporter	0	2	0	2
Adenylate cyclase type 6	0	2	0	2
Adenylate cyclase type 5	0	2	0	2
Glutamate receptor ionotropic, NMDA 1	0	2	0	2
Aldehyde oxidase	0	2	0	2
Potassium voltage-gated channel subfamily H member 2	0	2	0	2
Glutamate receptor ionotropic, NMDA 2A	0	2	0	2
Glutamate receptor ionotropic, NMDA 2B	0	2	0	2
Voltage-dependent L-type calcium channel subunit alpha-1S	0	1	0	1
Voltage-dependent L-type calcium channel subunit alpha-1C	0	1	0	1
Sodium channel protein type 5 subunit alpha	0	1	0	1
Glutamate receptor ionotropic, NMDA 2C	0	2	0	2
Sodium channel protein type 9 subunit alpha	0	1	0	1
Glutamate receptor ionotropic, NMDA 2D	0	5	2	9
Nuclear receptor subfamily 3 group C member 3	0	2	0	2
Adenylyl cyclase 7	0	2	0	2
Proteasome subunit alpha-type 8	0	0	0	1
Glutamate receptor ionotropic, NMDA 3A	0	2	0	2
Glutamate receptor ionotropic, NMDA 3B	0	5	2	9
GABA theta subunit	6	0	0	6
Inositol hexakisphosphate kinase 1	3	0	0	3
Canalicular multispecific organic anion transporter 1	0	3	0	3
D	0	1	0	1
Sodium channel protein type 2 subunit alpha	0	1	0	1
Proteasome subunit beta type-7	0	0	0	1
Sigma non-opioid intracellular receptor 1	0	2	0	2
Angiotensin-converting enzyme 2	0	1	1	2
Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit epsilon	6	0	0	6
Sodium channel protein type 3 subunit alpha	0	1	0	1
Glutamate receptor ionotropic, NMDA 3A	0	5	2	9
Sodium channel protein type 11 subunit alpha	0	1	0	1
Sodium channel protein type 8 subunit alpha	0	1	0	1
Histamine H3 receptor	0	2	0	2
Sodium channel protein type 10 subunit alpha	0	1	0	1
cytochrome P450 2C9, partial	3	0	0	3
Chain A, HADH2 protein	3	0	0	3
Chain B, HADH2 protein	3	0	0	3
Chain A, Ferritin light chain	2	0	0	2
Chain A, Cruzipain	2	0	0	2
Luciferase	3	0	0	3
interleukin 8	2	0	0	2
15-lipoxygenase, partial	2	0	0	2
aldehyde dehydrogenase 1 family, member A1	5	0	0	5
15-hydroxyprostaglandin dehydrogenase [NAD(+)] isoform 1	3	0	0	3
thyroid hormone receptor beta isoform a	3	0	0	3
nuclear receptor ROR-gamma isoform 1	2	0	0	2
60 kDa chaperonin	0	2	0	2
60 kDa heat shock protein, mitochondrial	0	2	0	2
Vitamin D3 receptor	0	1	1	4
Glycine receptor subunit alpha-1	0	0	2	2
Vitamin D3 receptor	0	0	1	1
Nuclear receptor ROR-gamma	2	1	1	4
10 kDa heat shock protein, mitochondrial	0	2	0	2
Thiosulfate sulfurtransferase	0	2	0	2
60 kDa chaperonin	0	2	0	2
10 kDa chaperonin	0	2	0	2
Deoxycytidine kinase	0	0	0	1
Solute carrier organic anion transporter family member 1A4	0	0	0	1
Solute carrier organic anion transporter family member 1A5	0	0	0	1
Steryl-sulfatase	0	1	0	2
Multidrug resistance-associated protein 1	0	0	0	1
Solute carrier organic anion transporter family member 1A1	0	1	0	2
Solute carrier organic anion transporter family member 1A2	0	0	0	1
Solute carrier organic anion transporter family member 1A3	0	0	0	1
G-protein coupled bile acid receptor 1	0	0	1	1
ATP-binding cassette sub-family C member 11	0	0	0	1
Solute carrier organic anion transporter family member 1B3	0	0	0	1
Solute carrier family 22 member 11	0	0	0	1
Solute carrier organic anion transporter family member 1A1	0	0	0	1
Solute carrier organic anion transporter family member 1B2	0	0	0	1
Solute carrier organic anion transporter family member 1B1	0	0	0	1
Estrogen receptor	0	3	0	3
Glucocorticoid receptor	0	2	0	2
Sex hormone-binding globulin	0	0	1	1
Glycine receptor subunit alpha-1	0	2	0	2
Corticosteroid-binding globulin	0	1	0	1
Androgen receptor	0	1	0	1
UDP-glucuronosyltransferase 2B7	0	0	0	1
Glycine receptor subunit beta	0	2	0	2
Glycine receptor subunit alpha-2	0	2	0	2
Glycine receptor subunit alpha-3	0	2	0	2
Alpha-synuclein	1	2	0	3
Lanosterol 14-alpha demethylase	0	0	1	1
Olfactory receptor 51E2	0	0	2	2
UDP-glucuronosyltransferase 1A10	0	0	0	2
hypoxia-inducible factor 1 alpha subunit	2	0	0	2
Chain A, GLUTAMATE RECEPTOR SUBUNIT 2	0	1	0	1
Chain A, Glutamate Receptor Subunit 2	0	1	0	1
Chain B, Glutamate Receptor Subunit 2	0	1	0	1
Chain A, Slr1257 protein	0	0	1	1
Chain A, Glucosamine--fructose-6-phosphate aminotransferase [isomerizing]	0	1	0	1
glp-1 receptor, partial	3	0	0	3
beta-2 adrenergic receptor	2	0	0	2
peptidyl-prolyl cis-trans isomerase NIMA-interacting 1	1	0	0	1
Metabotropic glutamate receptor 8	0	2	0	2
Metabotropic glutamate receptor 6	0	1	1	3
Excitatory amino acid transporter 4	0	1	0	1
Glutathione reductase, mitochondrial	0	4	0	4
Bifunctional aspartokinase/homoserine dehydrogenase 1	0	1	0	1
Prothrombin	0	0	1	1
Carbonic anhydrase 1	0	0	0	4
Carbonic anhydrase 2	0	1	0	5
ATP-citrate synthase	0	1	0	1
Glutamate receptor 1	0	3	1	4
Glutamate receptor 3	0	3	1	4
Glutamate receptor 4	0	3	1	4
Glutamate receptor ionotropic, kainate 1	0	2	1	3
Metabotropic glutamate receptor 1	0	2	1	3
Metabotropic glutamate receptor 2	0	0	1	1
Metabotropic glutamate receptor 3	0	0	1	1
Metabotropic glutamate receptor 4	0	1	1	2
Metabotropic glutamate receptor 5	0	0	1	1
Metabotropic glutamate receptor 6	0	0	1	1
Metabotropic glutamate receptor 7	0	0	1	1
Glutamate receptor ionotropic, kainate 1	0	1	1	2
Metabotropic glutamate receptor 5	0	1	1	3
Glutamate receptor ionotropic, kainate 2	0	2	1	3
Glutamate receptor 1	0	2	1	3
Glutamate receptor 2	0	2	1	3
Glutamate receptor 3	0	1	1	2
Glutamate receptor ionotropic, kainate 3	0	2	0	2
Excitatory amino acid transporter 1	0	2	0	3
Excitatory amino acid transporter 2	0	2	0	3
Excitatory amino acid transporter 3	0	2	0	3
Metabotropic glutamate receptor 8	0	0	1	1
Glutamate receptor 4	0	2	1	3
Excitatory amino acid transporter 3	0	0	0	1
Glutamate racemase	0	0	0	1
Metabotropic glutamate receptor 8	0	1	1	2
Fatty-acid amide hydrolase 1	0	1	0	1
Glutamate receptor ionotropic, kainate 4	0	2	0	2
Glutamate carboxypeptidase 2	0	1	0	1
Glutamate receptor ionotropic, kainate 2	0	1	1	2
Glutamate receptor ionotropic, kainate 3	0	1	0	1
Metabotropic glutamate receptor 1	0	1	1	3
Metabotropic glutamate receptor 2	0	1	1	3
Metabotropic glutamate receptor 7	0	1	1	3
Metabotropic glutamate receptor 3	0	1	1	3
Metabotropic glutamate receptor 4	0	1	1	3
Glutamate receptor ionotropic, kainate 5	0	1	0	1
Carbonic anhydrase-like protein, putative	0	0	0	4
Glutamate receptor ionotropic, kainate 5	0	2	0	2
Glutamate racemase	0	0	0	1
Prolyl 4-hydroxylase	0	1	0	1
Alpha-ketoglutarate-dependent dioxygenase FTO	0	1	0	1
Chain A, Glutamine Binding Protein	0	0	1	1
Bloom syndrome protein isoform 1	5	0	0	5
peripheral myelin protein 22 isoform 1	3	0	0	3
histone-lysine N-methyltransferase 2A isoform 2 precursor	2	0	0	2
Neutral amino acid transporter A	0	2	0	2
Asc-type amino acid transporter 1	0	1	0	1
Neutral amino acid transporter B(0)	0	2	0	2
Amino acid transporter	0	2	0	2
Chain B, EUKARYOTIC TRANSLATION INITIATION FACTOR 4E	0	0	1	1
activating transcription factor 6	3	0	0	3
Sodium- and chloride-dependent GABA transporter 2	0	1	0	1
Sodium- and chloride-dependent GABA transporter 3	0	1	0	1
Sodium- and chloride-dependent glycine transporter 1	0	1	0	1
Large neutral amino acids transporter small subunit 1	0	4	0	4
Proton-coupled amino acid transporter 1	0	2	0	2
Serine racemase	0	1	0	1
Sodium- and chloride-dependent glycine transporter 2	0	1	0	1
Purine nucleoside phosphorylase	0	2	0	2
Hypoxanthine-guanine phosphoribosyltransferase	0	0	0	1
Ricin	0	1	0	1
2-amino-4-hydroxy-6-hydroxymethyldihydropteridine pyrophosphokinase	0	0	1	1
Purine nucleoside phosphorylase	0	0	1	2
Shiga toxin subunit A	0	1	0	1
Guanine deaminase	0	0	0	1
runt-related transcription factor 1 isoform AML1b	1	0	0	1
core-binding factor subunit beta isoform 2	1	0	0	1
Aromatase	0	3	0	3
Cytochrome P450 11B1, mitochondrial	0	1	0	1
Cytochrome P450 11B2, mitochondrial	0	1	0	1
Amine oxidase [flavin-containing] A	0	1	0	1
Gonadotropin-releasing hormone receptor	0	1	0	1
Gonadotropin-releasing hormone receptor	0	2	0	2
Chain A, Ribulose-1,5 bisphosphate carboxylase/oxygenase large subunit N-methyltransferase, chloroplast	0	1	0	1
Chain A, Ribulose-1,5 bisphosphate carboxylase/oxygenase large subunit N-methyltransferase, chloroplast	0	1	0	1
Chain A, 2-oxoglutarate Oxygenase	5	0	0	5
ClpP	1	0	0	1
aryl hydrocarbon receptor	4	0	0	4
Cytochrome P450 1A1	0	1	0	1
Cytochrome P450 1A2	0	1	0	1
Myeloperoxidase	0	2	0	2
Cholinesterase	0	1	0	1
Cytochrome P450 2C11	0	1	0	1
Ribosyldihydronicotinamide dehydrogenase [quinone]	0	2	0	2
Acetylcholinesterase	0	1	0	1
Acetylcholinesterase	0	1	0	1
Mu-type opioid receptor	0	1	0	1
Nociceptin receptor	0	1	0	1
Melatonin receptor type 1A	0	2	1	3
Melatonin receptor type 1C	0	0	1	1
Melatonin receptor type 1A	0	1	1	2
Melatonin receptor type 1B	0	2	1	3
Melatonin receptor type 1C	0	1	1	2
Melatonin receptor type 1B	0	1	1	2
Nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2	0	0	0	1
Cytochrome P450 1B1	0	1	0	1
Palmitoleoyl-protein carboxylesterase NOTUM	0	1	0	1
Carboxylic ester hydrolase	0	1	0	1
Chain A, Inosine-5'-Monophosphate Dehydrogenase 2	0	1	0	1
SMAD family member 2	1	0	0	1
SMAD family member 3	1	0	0	1
nuclear factor of kappa light polypeptide gene enhancer in B-cells 1 (p105), isoform CRA_a	1	0	0	1
urokinase-type plasminogen activator precursor	1	0	0	1
plasminogen precursor	1	0	0	1
urokinase plasminogen activator surface receptor precursor	1	0	0	1
UDP-glucuronosyltransferase 1A9	0	0	0	1
Inosine-5'-monophosphate dehydrogenase 2	0	2	0	2
Inosine-5'-monophosphate dehydrogenase 1	0	2	0	2
UDP-glucuronosyltransferase 1A1	0	0	0	1
Sodium-dependent serotonin transporter	0	1	0	1
Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma	0	0	1	1
Inosine-5'-monophosphate dehydrogenase	0	1	0	2
UDP-glucuronosyltransferase 1A7	0	0	0	1
UDP-glucuronosyltransferase 1A8	0	0	0	1
Neuromedin-K receptor	0	0	1	1
Substance-K receptor	0	0	1	1
Substance-P receptor	0	2	0	2
Neuromedin-K receptor	0	2	1	3
Neuromedin-K receptor	0	1	0	1
Substance-K receptor	0	1	0	1
Substance-K receptor	0	1	0	1
GALC protein	1	0	0	1
hypoxia-inducible factor 1, alpha subunit (basic helix-loop-helix transcription factor)	3	0	0	3
lysosomal alpha-glucosidase preproprotein	1	0	0	1
mu-type opioid receptor isoform MOR-1	0	0	1	1
Vpr	1	0	0	1
5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 2A	0	0	1	1
Neuronal acetylcholine receptor subunit alpha-4	1	0	0	1
Neuronal acetylcholine receptor subunit beta-2	1	0	0	1
Glutamate 5-kinase	0	0	0	1
Angiotensin-converting enzyme	0	1	0	1
Chain A, Nuclear Receptor ROR-beta	0	1	0	1
Chain A, Beta-lactamase	1	0	0	1
Chain A, ATP-DEPENDENT DNA HELICASE Q1	1	0	0	1
pregnane X receptor	1	0	0	1
thioredoxin glutathione reductase	2	0	0	2
nonstructural protein 1	1	0	0	1
Parkin	1	0	0	1
bromodomain adjacent to zinc finger domain 2B	2	0	0	2
thyrotropin-releasing hormone receptor	1	0	0	1
Ornithine decarboxylase	0	0	0	1
Amyloid-beta precursor protein	0	1	0	1
Ornithine decarboxylase	0	0	0	1
Adenosine receptor A3	0	2	0	2
Retinoic acid receptor alpha	0	2	2	7
Retinoic acid receptor beta	0	2	2	7
Retinoic acid receptor alpha	0	1	2	3
Retinoic acid receptor gamma	0	2	2	7
Alpha-1A adrenergic receptor	0	1	0	1
Retinoic acid receptor gamma	0	1	2	3
Retinoic acid receptor RXR-alpha	0	2	2	4
Retinoic acid receptor beta	0	1	2	3
Cellular retinoic acid-binding protein 2	0	0	1	1
Mitogen-activated protein kinase 1	0	1	0	1
Retinoic acid receptor RXR-alpha	0	1	2	3
Retinoic acid receptor RXR-beta	0	2	2	4
Retinoic acid receptor RXR-beta	0	1	2	3
Retinoic acid receptor RXR-gamma	0	1	2	3
Indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase 1	0	1	0	1
Cytochrome P450 2C19	0	0	1	1
Nuclear receptor ROR-alpha	0	1	0	1
Cellular retinoic acid-binding protein 1	0	1	0	2
Retinoic acid receptor RXR-gamma	0	2	2	4
Cellular retinoic acid-binding protein 1	0	0	1	1
Peptidyl-prolyl cis-trans isomerase NIMA-interacting 1	0	2	1	3
Indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase 2	0	1	0	1
Nuclear receptor ROR-beta	0	1	0	1
Chain A, Trp Rna-binding Attenuation Protein	0	0	1	1
Chain K, Trp Rna-binding Attenuation Protein	0	0	1	1
Chain B, tryptophanyl-tRNA synthetase	0	0	1	1
Chain C, Tryptophanyl-tRNA synthetase II	0	0	1	1
Carbonic anhydrase 12	0	0	0	2
Dihydrofolate reductase	0	2	0	2
Plasma kallikrein	0	0	0	2
Alkaline phosphatase, tissue-nonspecific isozyme	0	1	0	1
Carbonic anhydrase 3	0	0	0	2
Stromelysin-1	0	1	0	1
Intestinal-type alkaline phosphatase	0	1	0	1
Indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase 1	0	1	0	2
Carbonic anhydrase 4	0	0	0	2
Carbonic anhydrase 6	0	0	0	2
Substance-P receptor	0	1	0	1
Carbonic anhydrase 5A, mitochondrial	0	0	0	2
Carbonic anhydrase	0	0	0	2
Carbonic anhydrase 7	0	0	0	2
Tryptophan 2,3-dioxygenase	0	1	0	2
Carbonic anhydrase	0	0	0	2
SLC16A10 protein	0	0	0	2
Uracil nucleotide/cysteinyl leukotriene receptor	0	1	0	1
Carbonic anhydrase 9	0	0	0	2
Carbonic anhydrase	0	0	0	2
Tryprostatin B synthase	0	0	0	1
Carbonic anhydrase	0	0	0	2
Carbonic anhydrase	0	0	0	2
2-C-methyl-D-erythritol 2,4-cyclodiphosphate synthase	0	0	1	1
Carbonic anhydrase	0	0	0	2
Monocarboxylate transporter 10	0	0	0	2
Carbonic anhydrase 15	0	0	0	2
Carbonic anhydrase 13	0	0	0	1
Carbonic anhydrase 14	0	0	0	2
Phospholipase A-2-activating protein	0	1	0	1
Carbonic anhydrase 5B, mitochondrial	0	0	0	2
Chain A, CHORISMATE MUTASE	0	1	0	1
Chain A, TYROSYL-tRNA SYNTHETASE	0	0	1	1
Polyphenol oxidase 2	0	0	0	1
Adenosine receptor A1	0	0	0	1
Adenosine receptor A2a	0	0	0	1
Tubulin--tyrosine ligase	0	1	0	1
Taste receptor type 2 member 14	0	0	0	1
Chain A, Arginase 1	0	1	0	1
[prepared from compound, protein, and bioassay information from National Library of Medicine (NLM), extracted Dec-2023]

Synonyms(1)

Research Excerpts

Overview

Research

Studies (125)

Protein Targets (594)

Kallmann Syndrome

Synonyms(1)

Research Excerpts

Overview

Research

Studies (125)

Drugs Studied (56)

Protein Targets (594)