An excessive accumulation of iron in the body due to a greater than normal absorption of iron from the gastrointestinal tract or from parenteral injection. This may arise from idiopathic hemochromatosis, excessive iron intake, chronic alcoholism, certain types of refractory anemia, or transfusional hemosiderosis. (From Churchill's Illustrated Medical Dictionary, 1989)
| Excerpt | Reference |
|---|
| "Iron overload is associated with increased susceptibility to certain infections, although the exact mechanisms may vary with the main pathology." | ( Oppenheimer, SJ, 1998) |
| "Iron overload is common in the livers of alcoholics and may play a role in disease pathogenesis." | ( Bassendine, MF; Burt, AD; Daly, AK; Day, CP; Grove, J; Guzail, M; James, OF, 1998) |
| "Dietary iron overload is common in southern Africa and there is a misconception that the condition is benign." | ( Bloom, PD; Gordeuk, VR; MacPhail, AP; Mandishona, EM; Paterson, AC; Rouault, TA, 1999) |
| "Iron overload is associated with long-term cardiac iron accumulation and tissue changes such as fibrosis." | ( Liu, Y; Parkes, JG; Sirna, JB; Templeton, DM, 2000) |
| "Diagnosis of iron overload is best accomplished through liver biopsy." | ( Robbins, KC, 2000) |
| "Iron overload is highly prevalent, but its molecular pathogenesis is poorly understood." | ( Andrews, NC; Canonne-Hergaux, F; Fleming, MD; Gros, P; Levy, JE; Montross, LK, 2001) |
| "The recovery from iron overload is hampered by the limited number of pathways and therapeutic agents available for the augmentation of iron secretion/excretion." | ( Hirsh, M; Iancu, TC; Konijn, AM, 2002) |
| "Transfusional iron overload is a potentially fatal complication of the treatment of thalassaemia." | ( Alberti, D; Anderson, JR; Giardina, PJ; Grady, RW; Krebs-Brown, AJ; Nathan, DG; Neufeld, EJ; Nisbet-Brown, E; Olivieri, NF; Séchaud, R; Sizer, KC, 2003) |
| "Iron overload is frequently observed in alcoholic liver disease." | ( Rouault, TA, 2003) |
| "If untreated, iron overload is responsible for heart, liver and endocrine diseases." | ( Ceci, A; De Mattia, D; De Sanctis, V; Felisi, M, 2003) |
| "Chronic iron overload is a major cause of organ failure worldwide, but its pathogenesis remains to be elucidated." | ( Bartfay, WJ; Davis, MT; Lugowski, S; Medves, JM, 2003) |
| "Iron overload is a very frequent finding in several animal species and a genetic predisposition is suggested." | ( Dorrestein, GM; Hendriks, HG; Klaren, PH; Marx, JJ; Mete, A; van Dijk, JE, 2003) |
| "Hepatic iron overload is frequent in dialysis patients with ferritin below currently proposed high-end ranges, and the diagnostic power of ferritin in indicating true iron stores is better than presumed." | ( Bergamo, D; Canavese, C; Ciccone, G; Fop, F; Longo, F; Martina, G; Piga, A; Thea, A, 2004) |
| "Transfusional iron overload is a frequent finding in long-term survivors of acute leukemia (AL)." | ( Aprili, G; de Matteis, G; Federici, F; Franchini, M; Gandini, G; Solero, P; Veneri, D, 2004) |
| "Chronic iron overload is a major cause of cardiac failure throughout the world, but its pathogenesis remains to be clarified." | ( Bartfay, WJ; Davis, MT, 2004) |
| "Iron overload is a common acute and long-term event associated with autologous and allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT)." | ( Evens, AM; Gordon, LI; Mehta, J, 2004) |
| "Iron overload is one of the most common metal related toxicity." | ( Gao, Z; Li, H; Xu, H; Zhao, Y, 2005) |
| "Iron overload is not uncommon in sickle cell disease (SCD) and requires regular chelation therapy in several instances." | ( Douskou, M; Loukopoulos, D; Meletis, J; Ourailidis, A; Papassotiriou, I; Stamoulakatou, A; Terpos, E; Voskaridou, E, 2005) |
| "Secondary iron overload is a frequent clinical condition found in association with multiple blood transfusions." | ( Artner, E; Brunner, P; Eller, P; Ludwiczek, S; Seifert, M; Theurl, I; Weiss, G, 2005) |
| "Iron overload is a key contributor to the pathogenesis of multiple disorders including the sideroblastic anemias." | ( Bydlon, G; Friedman, JS; Martin, FM; Welsh, ML, 2005) |
| "Iron overload is the main cause of morbidity and mortality especially from heart failure in patients with beta thalassemia major (TM)." | ( Daar, S; Pathare, AV, 2006) |
| "Hepatic iron overload is strongly and independently associated with posttransplantation invasive fungal infections." | ( Alexander, J; Bronner, MP; Ko, CW; Kowdley, KV; Limaye, AP, 2006) |
| "Secondary iron overload is found in beta-thalassemia (thal) patients because of increased dietary iron absorption and multiple blood transfusions." | ( Fucharoen, S; Khansuwan, U; Ounjaijean, S; Phisalpong, C; Srichairatanakool, S; Thephinlap, C, 2006) |
| "Iron overload is characterized by excessive iron deposition and consequent injury and dysfunction of the heart, liver, anterior pituitary, pancreas, and joints." | ( Barton, JC, 2007) |
| "Iron overload is a complication of the chronic blood transfusions used to treat several hematologic disorders." | ( Stumpf, JL, 2007) |
| "Post transfusionnal iron overload is related to both a degree of RBC units transfused and excess intestinal absorption of Fe related to dyserythopoiesis." | ( Rose, C, 2006) |
| "Iron overload is a potentially fatal complication in thalassemia patients." | ( Abu-Zeid, NM; El-Beshlawy, A; El-Hennawy, A; Fawzy, R; Mohsen, NA; Shaker, OG; Youssry, I, 2007) |
| "Mild iron overload is frequently observed in nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD)." | ( Aigner, E; Datz, C; Dietze, O; Haufe, H; Lederer, D; Strasser, M; Theurl, I; Theurl, M; Weiss, G, 2008) |
| "Transfusion-induced iron overload is a frequent problem that clinicians have to face in the treatment of patients affected by both myelodysplastic syndrome (MDS) and primary myelofibrosis (PMF)." | ( Arruga, F; Cilloni, D; Messa, E; Messa, F; Roetto, A; Saglio, G, 2008) |
| "Iron overload is common in patients undergoing allogeneic hematopoietic cell transplantation (HCT), but the mechanisms leading to overload are unknown." | ( Bair, S; Beauchamp, M; Canonne-Hergaux, F; Deeg, HJ; Kowdley, KV; Lesnikov, V; Parkkinen, J; Shulman, HM; Spaulding, E, 2009) |
| "Hepatic iron overload is a serious complication of chronic transfusion therapy in patients with sickle cell disease (SCD)." | ( Bishop, P; Brown, K; Liu, H; May, W; Megason, G; Nowicki, MJ; Subramony, C; Walker, T, 2009) |
| "As a result, iron overload is frequent and appears to be particularly prominent in patients with myelodysplastic syndromes." | ( Deeg, HJ; Shulman, HM; Spaulding, E, 2009) |
| "Iron overload is a serious complication in patients with MDS due to the long-term use of red blood cell transfusions in patients with symptomatic anemia." | ( Harvey, RD, 2010) |
| "Liver iron overload is known to accelerate the development of ALD." | ( Deng, F; Luo, B; Ren, Y; Wan, W; Ye, J; Zhu, H, 2011) |
| "Iron overload is known to exacerbate many infectious diseases." | ( Kolnagou, A; Kontoghiorghes, GJ; Petrikkos, G; Skiada, A, 2010) |
| "The iron overload is obtained by calculating the difference between the measured magnetization signal of the patient and the patient's background signal." | ( Balocco, M; Beruto, P; Bruzzone, C; Carrara, P; Forni, GL; Gallusi, P; Gianesin, B; Macco, A; Marinelli, M; Musso, M; Oliveri, E; Pelucchi, S; Sobrero, G; Villa, R, 2010) |
| "Hepatic iron overload is a common clinical problem resulting from hyperabsorption syndromes and from chronic transfusion therapy." | ( Coates, TD; Ghugre, NR; Gonzalez-Gomez, I; Shimada, H; Wood, JC, 2010) |
| "Iron overload is an important problem in candidates for and survivors of hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT), and affects long-term outcome and survival." | ( Aki, SZ; Ozkurt, ZN; Sucak, GT; Yağci, M; Yegin, ZA, 2010) |
| "Iron overload is present in several cases of double heterozygous sickle-cell/beta-thalassemia (HbS/β-thal)." | ( Christoulas, D; Dimopoulou, M; Douskou, M; Mpoutou, E; Plata, E; Sioni, A; Terpos, E; Voskaridou, E, 2011) |
| "Myocardial iron overload is the leading cause of death in patients with beta-thalassemia major." | ( Bina, P; Carta, MP; Cianciulli, P; Farci, P; Galanello, R; Grady, RW; Lai, ME; Maggio, A; Pepe, A; Sau, F; Vacquer, S, 2010) |
| "Iron overload is a major cause of morbidity and mortality in transfusion-dependent anemias." | ( Ward, R, 2010) |
| "Iron overload is not present in the less severe stages of skin damage due to CVD but lipodermatosclerosis and leg ulcers are always accompanied by haemosiderin deposition." | ( Acconcia, MC; Caggiati, A; Casini, A; Cirenza, M; Petrozza, V; Rosi, C; Zamboni, P, 2010) |
| "Iron overload is a significant clinical problem in patients with severe aplastic anemia or other transfusion-dependent bone marrow failure diseases." | ( Im, HJ; Kim, BE; Koh, KN; Park, M; Seo, JJ, 2010) |
| "Iron overload is the histologic hallmark of hereditary hemochromatosis and transfusional hemosiderosis but also may occur in chronic hepatopathies." | ( Reeder, SB; Sirlin, CB, 2010) |
| "Iron overload is associated with low levels of hepcidin, a peptide that regulates iron metabolism by triggering degradation of ferroportin, an iron-transport protein localized on absorptive enterocytes as well as hepatocytes and macrophages." | ( An, X; Andrews, NC; Breda, L; Follenzi, A; Gardenghi, S; Giardina, PJ; Ginzburg, Y; Grady, RW; Guy, E; Marongiu, MF; Melchiori, L; Mohandas, N; Muirhead, K; Nemeth, E; Rachmilewitz, EA; Ramos, P; Rao, N; Rivella, S; Roy, CN, 2010) |
| "Iron overload is one of the most common iron-related toxicities, and liver is the major organ that is injured." | ( Gao, Z; Li, H; Li, J; Li, X; Lu, N; Xu, W, 2011) |
| "Iron overload is frequently observed in patients with hematologic diseases before and after allogeneic stem-cell transplantation because they usually receive multiple red blood cell transfusions." | ( Chao, NJ; Kanda, J; Kawabata, H, 2011) |
| "Iron overload is a serious condition for patients with β-thalassemia, transfusion-dependent sickle cell anemia, and inherited disorders of iron metabolism." | ( Ghugre, NR; Wood, JC, 2011) |
| "Iron overload is associated with an increased risk of liver complications including fibrosis, cirrhosis, and hepatocellular carcinoma." | ( Al-Rousan, RM; Blough, ER; Katta, A; Laurino, J; Rice, KM; Triest, WE; Walker, EM; Wu, M, 2011) |
| "Since iron overload is known to promote endothelial dysfunction, cardiovascular disease, and immune dysfunction which are the leading causes of premature mortality in CKD and ESRD patients, it is imperative to exercise caution with the use of IV iron preparations in this population." | ( Van Buren, P; Vaziri, ND; Velez, RL; Zhou, XJ, 2012) |
| "Iron overload is associated with significant morbidity and mortality yet is easily treated." | ( Diaz, VA; Everett, CJ; Grant, AM; Hulihan, MM; Knoll, ME; Mainous, AG; McLaren, CE; McLaren, GD, 2011) |
| "Brain iron overload is observed in neurodegenerative disorders." | ( Pantopoulos, K; Sebastiani, G, 2011) |
| "Iron overload is the hallmark of hereditary hemochromatosis and a complication of iron-loading anemias such as β-thalassemia." | ( Ganz, T; Nemeth, E; Peralta, MA; Pinon, R; Preza, GC; Qiao, B; Ramos, E; Ruchala, P; Sharma, S; Waring, A, 2011) |
| "Iron overload is considered to be associated with various complications in patients who undergo both allogeneic (allo) and autologous hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT)." | ( Bahcebasi, S; Cetin, M; Deniz, K; Eser, B; Kaynar, L; Kurnaz, F; Ozturk, A; Pala, C; Sivgin, S; Unal, A; Uzer, E, 2012) |
| "Iron overload is an inevitable consequence of transfusion therapy for a variety of underlying anemias." | ( Campus, S; Galanello, R; Origa, R, 2012) |
| "Iron overload is considered as a significant cause of morbidity and mortality in hematopoietic stem cell transplant (HSCT) recipients." | ( Aki, ŞZ; Ergün, MA; Güntekin, S; Ozkurt, ZN; Sucak, GT; Yaşar, DG; Yegin, ZA, 2012) |
| "Iron overload is associated with significant morbidity and mortality." | ( Kowdley, KV; Siddique, A, 2012) |
| "Iron overload is one of the major causes of morbidity and death in patients undergoing chronic transfusion therapy." | ( Fernandes, JL, 2012) |
| "Although iron overload is implicated in hepatocarcinogenesis, the precise mechanism was not known yet." | ( Akamatsu, M; An, S; Hishikawa, Y; Koji, T; Soe, K, 2012) |
| "Iron overload is a major problem in patients with b-thalassemia major, and it has many structural and metabolic consequences." | ( Kurtoglu, AU; Kurtoglu, E; Temizkan, AK, 2012) |
| "Iron overload is associated with increased diabetes risk." | ( Adams, TD; Cefalu, WT; Cooksey, RC; Gabrielsen, D; Gabrielsen, JS; Gao, Y; Hopkins, PN; Huang, J; Hunt, SC; Jones, D; McClain, DA; Simcox, JA; Thorup, D, 2012) |
| "Iron overload is the most common metal toxicity disease worldwide." | ( Crisponi, G; Dean, A; Di Marco, V; Lachowicz, JI; Nurchi, VM; Remelli, M; Tapparo, A, 2013) |
| "Iron overload is the primary cause of mortality and morbidity in thalassemia major despite advances in chelation therapy." | ( Evans, P; Harmatz, P; Kurio, G; Lal, A; Neumayr, L; Ng, V; Porter, J; Sweeters, N; Vichinsky, E, 2013) |
| "Iron overload is a common complication in allogeneic hematopoietic cell transplantation (HCT)." | ( Goto, T; Ikuta, K; Imahashi, N; Inamoto, Y; Ito, M; Kamoshita, S; Kohgo, Y; Koyama, D; Miyamura, K; Onodera, K; Ozawa, Y; Sasaki, K; Seto, A; Tsukamoto, S; Watanabe, K; Yokohata, E, 2013) |
| "Secondary iron overload is typically treated with iron chelators, of which deferasirox is one of the most promising." | ( Batty, KT; Ferrari, P; Maker, GL; Olynyk, JK; Siva, B; Trengove, RD, 2013) |
| "Iron overload is a risk factor for diabetes." | ( McClain, DA; Simcox, JA, 2013) |
| "Iron overload is associated with increased severity of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) including progression to nonalcoholic steatohepatitis and hepatocellular carcinoma." | ( Kowdley, KV; Messner, DJ; Rhieu, BH, 2013) |
| "Because iron overload is thought to be the primary cause of adrenal insufficiency, TD children with HbE/ß-thalassaemia are considered likely candidates for the development of adrenal insufficiency, while the adrenal function of NTD children is generally considered to be normal." | ( Nakavachara, P; Viprakasit, V, 2013) |
| "Anemia and iron overload are two of the most prevalent disorders worldwide and affect over a billion people." | ( Anderson, ER; Shah, YM, 2013) |
| "Transfusional iron overload is of major concern in hematological disease." | ( Chai, X; Jiang, Y; Liu, Y; Lu, W; Meng, A; Meng, J; Mu, J; Rajbhandary, S; Xie, F; Xu, X; Zhao, M, 2013) |
| "Iron overload is a common complication of patients with β-thalassemia major (TM)." | ( Akianidis, V; Christoulas, D; Karavas, A; Komninaka, V; Terpos, E; Voskaridou, E, 2014) |
| "Iron overload is a significant risk factor for growth retardation among patients with Hb H and β-TI." | ( Abdulwahid, DA; Hassan, MK, 2013) |
| "Iron overload is frequently observed in type 2 diabetes mellitus (DM2), but the underlying mechanisms remain unclear." | ( Jiang, X; Li, H; Li, M; Shen, Z; Shi, W; Wang, H, 2014) |
| "Iron overload is a major complication in patients with hemoglobin H (Hb H) disease and causes damage of tissues." | ( Chiou, SS; Liao, YM; Lin, PC; Tsai, LY; Tsai, SM; Tsao, CJ; Wu, YR, 2014) |
| "Iron overload is common, therefore, iron studies may be included in routine investigation and selective iron supplementation should be encouraged." | ( Anetor, JI; Fasola, FA; Ilesanmi, OS, 2013) |
| "Iron overload is a big challenge when treating thalassemia (TM), hemochromatosis and sideroblastic anemia." | ( Abou-Taleb, A; Ahmed, NS; Baghdadi, H; El Sayed, SM; Mahmoud, HS; Maria, RA; Nabo, MM, 2014) |
| "This iron overload is an independent factor of disease progression, hepatocellular carcinoma and it determines survival." | ( Mueller, S; Rausch, V, 2015) |
| "Although iron overload is mainly responsible for an increase in hemoglobin (4." | ( Chen, B; Nie, G; Wang, A; Wang, J; Zang, J; Zhao, G, 2015) |
| "Iron overload is becoming an increasing problem as haemoglobinopathy patients gain greater access to good medical care and as therapies for myelodysplastic syndromes improve." | ( Wood, JC, 2015) |
| "Anemia and iron overload are complications in both diseases and are managed similar to lower risk MDS." | ( Patnaik, MM; Tefferi, A, 2015) |
| "Iron overload is now recognized as a health problem in industrialized countries, as excessive iron is highly toxic for liver and spleen." | ( Badria, AF; Badria, FA; Elmarakby, AA; Ibrahim, AS, 2015) |
| "Iron overload is a potentially life-threatening consequence of multiple red-blood-cell transfusions." | ( Cappellini, MD; de Witte, T; Gattermann, N; Porter, JB, 2016) |
| "Iron overload is the main cause of morbidity and mortality in beta thalassemia." | ( Casu, C; Oikonomidou, PR; Rivella, S, 2016) |
| "Hepatic iron overload is common in patients who have undergone hematopoietic cell transplantation (HCT) and may predispose to peri- and post-HCT toxicity." | ( Li, S; Li, X; Lu, M; Shen, Y; Yang, G; Zhou, X, 2016) |
| "Iron overload is common in patients undergoing hematopoietic cell transplantation (HCT)." | ( Campbell, JS; Deeg, HJ; Holman, Z; Karoopongse, E; Kowdley, KV; Marcondes, AM; Yeung, C, 2016) |
| "Pathological iron overload is commonly found in chronic hepatitis C (CHC) patients and considered as a negative prognostic factor of the disease." | ( Bernat, A; Bielawski, KP; Rudnicka, A; Rybicka, M; Sikorska, K; Woziwodzka, A; Wróblewska, A, 2017) |
| "Iron overload is well documented in patients with β-thalassemia major, and patients who have undergone hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT) remain at risk as a result of pre- and immediate post-HSCT transfusions." | ( Abbas, HA; Cappellini, MD; Inati, A; Kahale, M; Koussa, S; Musallam, KM; Nasr, TA; Porter, JB; Sbeiti, N; Taher, AT, 2017) |
| "Iron overload is one of the most significant problems as a leading cause of death in patients with leukemia and those who underwent allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (alloHSCT)." | ( Baspinar, O; Cetin, M; Deniz, K; Eser, B; Kaynar, L; Nazlim, S; Sivgin, S; Unal, A; Zararsiz, G, 2016) |
| "Iron overload is an adverse prognostic factor for patients undergoing hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT)." | ( Atilla, E; Demirer, T; Toprak, SK, 2017) |
| "Iron overload is frequently reported in haemodialysis (HD) patients particularly those with chronic hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection." | ( Abou Elleil, HA; Abou Seif, KH; Ahmed, FA; Ahmed, YS; Behairy, MA; El Said, HW; El Said, TW; Mohamed, MM, 2018) |
| "This iron overload is the result of a massive outflow of hemoglobin into the bloodstream, but the mechanism of hemoglobin handling has not been fully elucidated." | ( Beaumont, C; de Franceschi, L; De Verneuil, H; Delaby, C; Deybach, JC; Ducrot, N; Ged, C; Gouya, L; Karim, Z; Lefebvre, T; Lettéron, P; Lyoumi, S; Millot, S; Moulouel, B; Pilard, N; Puy, H, 2017) |
| "Iatrogenic iron overload is extremely prevalent among hemodialysis population worldwide." | ( Rostoker, G; Vaziri, ND, 2017) |
| "Iron overload is related to accumulation of iron released from hemolysis and transfused red cell, but also, in thalassemic patients, secondary to ineffective erythropoiesis, which increases intestinal iron absorption via decreased hepcidin production." | ( Allali, S; Brousse, V; Chalumeau, M; de Montalembert, M; Karim, Z, 2017) |
| "Iron overload is correlated with the appearance of a free form of iron called NTBI." | ( Daher, R; Karim, Z, 2017) |
| "Iron overload is inevitable in patients who are transfusion dependent." | ( Adly, A; Awad, H; Berdoukas, V; Elalfy, MS; Tarif Salam, M; Tricta, F, 2018) |
| "The main causes of iron overload are intestinal iron hyperabsorption disorders and transfusion-dependent disorders." | ( Bapst, C; Benz, R; Bremerich, J; Cantoni, N; Infanti, L; Ruefer, A; Samii, K; Schmid, M; Vallée, JP, 2017) |
| "Iron overload is associated with oxidative stress development, and may have important interactions with lipid metabolism in the liver favoring the development and progression of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease." | ( Barrera, C; Echeverría, F; Espinosa, A; Hernández-Rodas, MC; Ortiz, M; Rincón-Cervera, MÁ; Valenzuela, A; Valenzuela, R; Videla, LA, 2018) |
| "Long-term iron overload is deleterious, and treatment relies on venesection therapy for genetic hemochromatosis and chelation therapy for iron overload resulting from multiple transfusions." | ( Daher, R; Karim, Z; Manceau, H, 2017) |
| "Secondary iron overload is an often overlooked chronic complication of RBC transfusions, and also here, guidelines are either lacking or lack international consensus." | ( Blijlevens, NMA; Hoeks, MPA; Middelburg, RA; Romeijn, B; van Kraaij, MGJ; Zwaginga, JJ, 2018) |
| "Brain iron overload is a key factor causing brain injury after intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH)." | ( Cao, S; Chaudhary, N; Hua, Y; Keep, RF; Xi, G, 2018) |
| "Iron overload is commonly observed during the course of aplastic anemia (AA), which is believed to aggravate hematopoiesis, cause multiple organ dysfunction, lead to disease progression, and impair quality of life." | ( Hu, H; Liu, W; Wen, X; Wu, D; Ye, B; Zhou, Y, 2018) |
| "Brain iron overload is involved in brain injury after intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH)." | ( Dai, S; Fei, Z; Hua, Y; Keep, RF; Novakovic, N; Xi, G, 2019) |
| "Hepatic iron overload is considered to be involved in the progression of chronic liver diseases; however, the mechanism remains to be elucidated." | ( Atarashi, M; Inai, Y; Izawa, T; Kuwamura, M; Mori, M; Yamate, J, 2018) |
| "Iron overload is common in patients with diseases such as hemoglobinopathies, hereditary hemochromatosis or elderly men and postmenopausal women." | ( Chen, K; Du, T; Guo, F; Guo, J; Jing, X; Sun, K; Xiang, W; Yao, X; Ye, Y, 2019) |
| "Iron overload is a common pathophysiological state underlying many diseases that has a detrimental influence on cells." | ( Hu, XB; Kang, F; Kang, K; Li, J; Li, WH; Liu, LQ; Shen, YX; Xi, ZY, 2019) |
| "Iron overload is a major factor contributing to the overall pathology of thalassaemia, which is primarily mediated by ineffective erythropoiesis and shorter mature red blood cell (RBC) survival." | ( Chaichompoo, P; Fucharoen, S; Kaewchuchuen, J; Paiboonsukwong, K; Qillah, A; Rimthong, P; Sirankapracha, P; Svasti, S; Worawichawong, S, 2019) |
| "Brain iron overload is chronic and slow progressing and plays an important role in the pathogenesis of neurodegenerative disorders." | ( Fucharoen, S; Huaijantug, S; Morales, NP; Svasti, S; Teerapan, W; Yatmark, P, 2019) |
| "Hepatic iron overload is often seen in CLD patients." | ( Atarashi, M; Izawa, T; Kuwamura, M; Yamate, J, 2019) |
| "Hepatic iron overload is one of the causative factors for chronic liver injury and fibrosis." | ( Adel, N; El-Demerdash, E; El-Sherbiny, DA; Mantawy, EM, 2019) |
| "Iron overload is a life-threatening disorder that can increase the risks of cancer, cardiovascular disease, and liver cirrhosis." | ( Hirata, M; Iwai, T; Kurasawa, M; Matsuo-Tezuka, Y; Sasaki, Y; Tashiro, Y; Yorozu, K, 2019) |
| "BACKGROUND Iron overload is a prominent characteristic of liver injury, but there is no effective treatment at present." | ( Feng, G; Huang, W; Jiang, W; Liu, L; Xie, D; Xie, H, 2019) |
| "Since iron overload is the commonest cause of morbidity and mortality in β thalassemia major (β-TM), it represents one major target in therapeutic management of the disease." | ( Abdel-Messih, IY; El-Gamal, RAE; Habashy, DM; Pessar, SA; Zaiema, SEG, 2020) |
| "Iron overload is closely associated with metabolic syndrome and its components; however, it remains under-appreciated in everyday clinical practice." | ( Athyros, VG; Doumas, M; Imprialos, K; Katsimardou, A; Sachinidis, A; Stavropoulos, K, 2020) |
| "Iron overload is harmful to health and associates with intracellular excessive reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation." | ( Chen, S; Chen, X; He, H; He, M; Li, H; Wang, Z; Yang, B; Yin, D; Zhou, Q, 2020) |
| "Regarding this, iron overload is associated with oxidative stress and damage to various systems, including cardiovascular." | ( Almenara, CCP; Ávila, RA; Carneiro, MTWD; Dos Santos, L; Rossi, EM, 2020) |
| "Iron overload is also associated with increased IL-10 and lower CCL11 levels, but these alterations are not significantly associated with depression." | ( Al-Dujaili, AH; Al-Hakeim, HK; Maes, M; Najm, AH, 2020) |
| "Liver iron overload is a serious condition occurring in patients requiring blood transfusions (eg, in thalassemia and different forms of anemia) or with dysfunctional iron resorption, since there is no physiological mechanism to excrete iron." | ( Beer, M; Cario, H; Kannengießer, S; Kneller, L; Mauro, V; Schmidt, SA; Wunderlich, AP, 2020) |
| "Cardiac iron overload is associated with QTc prolongation in adolescents." | ( Advani, N; Andriastuti, M, 2020) |
| "Iron overload is a common clinical problem resulting from hereditary hemochromatosis or secondary hemosiderosis (mainly associated with transfusion therapy), being also associated with chronic liver diseases and metabolic disorders." | ( Carvalho, JG; França, M, 2020) |
| "Iron overload is a major complication of transfusion-dependent thalassemia (TDT) and requires iron chelation (IC) therapy." | ( Buaboonnam, J; Narkbunnam, N; Phuakpet, K; Pongtanakul, B; Sanpakit, K; Takpradit, C; Vathana, N; Viprakasit, V, 2021) |
| "Iron overload is closely associated with osteoporosis, the potential cellular mechanism involved in decreased osteoblast differentiation and increased osteoclast formation." | ( Dong, D; Luo, X; Shang, P; Yang, J; Zhang, H; Zhou, J, 2020) |
| "Iron overload is a relatively common clinical condition resulting from disorders such as hereditary hemochromatosis, thalassemia, sickle cell disease, and myelodysplasia that can lead to progressive fibrosis and eventually cirrhosis of the liver." | ( Atamaniuk, V; Chen, J; Cholewa, M; Ehman, RL; Glaser, KJ; Gutkowski, K; Obrzut, B; Obrzut, M, 2020) |
| "Iron overload is a significant contributor to atherosclerosis, and iron homeostasis is highly regulated by the hepcidin-ferroportin (FPN) axis." | ( Liu, Z; Wan, Q; Wu, J; Yang, M, 2021) |
| "Iron overload is the main cause of morbidity and mortality in β-thalassemia major patients, and cardiac iron overload is the most common reason for death in these transfusion-dependent patients." | ( Ayatollahi, H; Badiei, Z; Mousavi Nezhad, SF; Nezami, H; Talebpour, A, 2020) |
| "Since iron overload is preventable and treatable if diagnosed early, high-risk individuals can be identified through effective screening employing artificial intelligence-based approaches." | ( Martins Conde, P; Nguyen, TP; Sauter, T, 2020) |
| "Iron overload is biochemically dangerous." | ( Lipiński, P; Ogłuszka, M; Starzyński, RR, 2022) |
| "Iron overload is increasingly implicated as a contributor to the pathogenesis of COVID-19." | ( Habib, HM; Ibrahim, S; Ibrahim, WH; Zaim, A, 2021) |
| "Iron overload is tightly connected with metabolic disorders." | ( Li, M; Qi, R; Shen, H; Tang, Y; Wang, D; Wang, J; Xu, Y; Yang, J; Zhang, H; Zhang, Y, 2021) |
| "Systemic iron overload is multifactorial in patients suffering from myelodysplastic syndrome (MDS)." | ( Petzer, V; Theurl, I; Weiss, G; Wolf, D, 2021) |
| "Iron overload is a known risk factor for type 2 diabetes (T2D); however, iron overload and iron deficiency have both been associated with metabolic disorders in observational studies." | ( Fang, X; Min, J; Song, Z; Wang, F; Wang, X; Xu, M; Zheng, W; Zhou, J, 2021) |
| "Iron deficiency and iron overload are the most prevalent and opposite forms of dysregulated iron metabolism that affect approximately 30 percent of the world population, in particularly, elderly and patients with chronic diseases." | ( Ajoolabady, A; Bi, Y; Demillard, LJ; Hilaire, ML; Ren, J; Yu, W; Zhang, Y, 2021) |
| "Brain iron overload is linked to brain deterioration, and cognitive and motor impairment in neurodegenerative disorders and normal aging." | ( Falahati, F; Kalpouzos, G; Laukka, EJ; Mangialasche, F; Papenberg, G, 2021) |
| "Iron overload is the direct cause of many ferroptosis diseases, and it is essential to maintain iron homeostasis." | ( Dou, X; Fan, J; Gu, N; He, M; Li, B; Li, L; Liu, S; Liu, Z; Wang, G; Yu, L, 2021) |
| "Iron overload is a severe general complication of hereditary anemias." | ( Biemond, B; Gandon, Y; Kerkhoffs, JL; Leiner, T; Marx, J; Nur, E; Peereboom, D; Rijneveld, A; Schols, S; Schutgens, R; van Beers, E; van Solinge, W; van Vuren, A; van Wijk, R; Welsing, P, 2022) |
| "Iron overload is directly associated with diabetes mellitus, loss of islet beta cell, and insulin resistance." | ( Feng, Q; Li, L; Li, W; Li, X; Wang, C; Yin, Z, 2022) |
| "Brain iron overload is positively correlated with the pathogenesis of Alzheimer's disease (AD)." | ( Bai, X; Chang, YZ; Cui, Y; Gao, G; Yao, S; You, LH; Yu, P; Zhang, Y, 2022) |
| "Hepatic iron overload is a universal phenomenon in patients with myelodysplastic syndromes (MDS) who undergo bone marrow transplantation and may experience the toxicity of peri- and post-bone marrow transplantation." | ( Dun, W; Guo, N; Han, W; Li, S; Wang, M; Wang, Y; Zhang, X, 2022) |
| "Adipocyte iron overload is a maladaptation associated with obesity and insulin resistance." | ( Ameka, MK; Beavers, WN; Becker, L; Hasty, AH; Kerchberger, VE; Koyama, T; Schoenfelt, KQ; Shaver, CM; Skaar, EP; Sun, L; Ware, LB, 2022) |
| "While iron overload is known to induce M1 polarization, the valence states of iron and its intracellular dynamics during macrophage inflammatory activation have not been identified." | ( Li, D; Li, L; Lou, K; Ma, H; Shu, Q; Song, X; Wang, T; Xu, H, 2023) |
| "Iron overload is a common complication experienced by transfusion-dependent children with hemoglobin disorders." | ( Ahmed, J; Moeed, A; Naeem, U; Rais, H; Saleem, A; Shuja, SH; Waqar, E, 2023) |
| "Iron overload is a common phenomenon in the elderly population." | ( Chen, F; Cui, X; Du, T; Jing, X; Liu, X; Ren, J; Shao, Y; Sun, S; Wang, W; Yang, G, 2022) |
| "Iron overload is noted in TI due to the increasing iron absorption from the intestine." | ( Chen, RJ; Lee, YC; Lee, YL; Yen, CT, 2022) |
| "Hepatic iron overload is often concurrent with nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD)." | ( Atarashi, M; Fujiwara, S; Izawa, T; Kuwamura, M; Mori, M; Yamate, J, 2022) |
| "Hepatic iron overload is often concurrent with nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD)." | ( Atarashi, M; Fujiwara, S; Izawa, T; Kuwamura, M; Mori, M; Yamate, J, 2022) |
| "Iron overload is a pathological condition resulting from a congenital impairment of its regulation, increased intestinal iron absorption secondary to bone marrow erythroid hyperplasia, or a chronic transfusional regimen." | ( Bova, C; Bruzzese, A; Capodanno, I; Filippelli, G; Gentile, M; Lucia, E; Martino, EA; Mendicino, F; Morabito, F; Neri, A; Olivito, V; Vigna, E, 2023) |
| "Iron overload is associated with various pathological changes which contribute to metabolic syndrome, many of which have been proposed to occur via damaging tissue through an excessive amount of reactive oxygen species (ROS) production." | ( Abdul-Sater, AA; Murugathasan, M; Sung, HK; Sweeney, G, 2023) |
| "Iron overload is a risk factor for postmenopausal osteoporosis (PMOP) and lowering iron levels to regulate the labile plasma iron is the preferred therapy." | ( Chen, T; He, J; Jiang, J; Pei, D; Shenyuan, J; Xiao, S, 2023) |
| "Iron overload is often observed in patients with NASH, and the amount of iron accumulated in the liver positively correlates with the histological severity of NASH." | ( Fujii, M; Fukuoka, T; Hirohata, S; Honma, K; Kirihara, S; Kitamori, K; Nakayama, H; Ohara, T; Ran, S; Sato, I; Watanabe, S; Yamamoto, S, 2023) |
| "Iron overload is a prevalent pathological factor observed among elderly individuals and those with specific hematological disorders, and is frequently associated with an elevated incidence of osteoporosis." | ( Chen, B; He, Q; Kang, P; Li, J; Li, M; Li, S; Luo, H; Pan, Z; Wang, F; Wang, H; Xiao, J; Yang, J; Zeng, J; Zhou, C, 2023) |
| "Iron overload is associated with pregnancy complications." | ( Arcuri, F; House, MD; Lee, C; Ng, A; Ng, SK; Ng, SW; Norwitz, ER, 2023) |
| Excerpt | Reference |
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| "Iron overload has been suggested to be an unrecognized cause of psychiatric morbidity." | ( Feifel, D; Young, CW, 1997) |
| "Hepatic iron overload has been reported in various metabolic conditions, including the insulin-resistance syndrome (IRS) and nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH)." | ( Brissot, P; David, V; Deugnier, Y; Guyader, D; Jouanolle, AM; Le Gall, JY; Mendler, MH; Moirand, R; Sapey, T; Turlin, B, 1999) |
| "Iron overload has been associated with damage of the liver and other organs of patients with primary or secondary increased iron load." | ( Dimitriou, E; Kairis, M; Michelakakis, H; Sarafidou, J, 2000) |
| "Iron overload has been proposed as a cause of liver dysfunction after BMT Factors which could be relevant to iron overload include the number of red cell transfusions and mutations within the haemochromatosis gene (HFE)." | ( Bhathal, PS; Grigg, AP, 2001) |
| "Iron overload has been reported in alcoholic liver cirrhosis but it remains to be established whether iron is involved in inducing oxidative damage to erythrocytes in alcoholic cirrhosis." | ( Cappellini, MD; De Feo, TM; Duca, L; Fargion, S; Fiorelli, G; Nava, I; Tavazzi, D, 2002) |
| "Iron overload has been suggested to increase the cardiovascular risk in the general population." | ( Hörl, WH; Kletzmayr, J, 2002) |
| "Iron overload has been shown to be associated with carcinogenesis." | ( Toyokuni, S, 2002) |
| "Iron overload has been shown to enhance chemically mediated cutaneous tumor promotion in animals." | ( Athar, M; Bhasin, G; Kausar, H; Sarwar Alam, M, 2003) |
| "Iron overload has been implicated in the pathogenesis of ischemic cardiovascular events." | ( Day, SM; Duquaine, D; Fay, WP; Khan, BV; Menon, RG; Mundada, LV; Rajagopalan, S, 2003) |
| "Iron overload has already been associated with increased risk of fungal infections, but it has not yet been assessed as a risk factor in liver transplantation." | ( Alexander, J; Bronner, MP; Ko, CW; Kowdley, KV; Limaye, AP, 2006) |
| "Iron overload has an adverse impact on survival in patients undergoing HSCT for beta-thalassaemia major or haematological malignancies including myelodysplastic syndromes." | ( de Witte, T, 2008) |
| "Chronic iron overload has slow and insidious effects on heart, liver, and other organs." | ( Campian, JL; Eaton, JW; Gao, X; Qian, M; Sun, XF, 2009) |
| "Iron overload has been implicated in decreased bone mineral density." | ( Erikson, KM; Kilbarger, AK; Kipp, DE; Messer, JG, 2009) |
| "Once iron overload has been identified, it should be treated to reduce the risk of morbidity and mortality from iron toxicity, which particularly affects the liver and heart." | ( Cappellini, MD; Goodnough, LT; Shander, A, 2009) |
| "Although hepatic iron overload has been recognized in patients with sickle cell disease (SCD), cardiac iron deposition has only been examined in a few reports." | ( Daou, L; Inati, A; Musallam, KM; Sheikh-Taha, M; Taher, AT; Wood, JC, 2009) |
| "As iron overload has an overlapping toxicity profile with chemotherapy and is treatable, screening for increased iron burden and iron-related morbidities should be considered during long-term follow-up of patients with ALL, particularly in those with high-risk ALL." | ( Eng, J; Fish, JD, 2011) |
| "Monitoring of iron overload has advanced with the increasing use of MRI techniques to estimate iron balance (changes in liver iron concentration) and extrahepatic iron distribution (myocardial T2*)." | ( Porter, JB; Shah, FT, 2010) |
| "Hepatic iron overload has been described in chronic hepatitis C as a cofactor affecting fibrosis progression." | ( Alberti, A; Sebastiani, G; Tempesta, D, 2012) |
| "Iron overload has been linked to genome instability as well as to cancer risk increase, as seen in hereditary hemochromatosis." | ( Fenech, M; Franke, SI; Henriques, JA; Prá, D, 2012) |
| "Iron overload has many different causes, both genetic and environmental." | ( Aaseth, J; Andersen, O; Flaten, TP; Kontoghiorghes, GJ, 2012) |
| "Hepatic iron overload has been associated classically with the genetic disorder hereditary hemochromatosis." | ( Aliaga, C; Amin, S; Isom, HC; Krzeminski, J; McDevitt, EI; Miller, TG; Moon, MS; Stanley, B; Zhu, J, 2012) |
| "Iron overload has deleterious effects on various vital organs (eg, liver, heart, and endocrine glands)." | ( Berth, U; Betta, J; Javidroozi, M; Shander, A, 2012) |
| "Iron overload has recently been connected with bone mineral density in osteoporosis." | ( Gao, C; He, YF; Li, GF; Li, K; Ma, Y; Pan, YZ; Xu, YJ; Zhang, LL; Zhao, GY, 2013) |
| "Genetic iron overload has long been confined to the classical type 1 hemochromatosis related to the HFE C282Y mutation." | ( Bardou-Jacquet, E; Beaumont-Epinette, MP; Ben Ali, Z; Brissot, P; Jouanolle, AM; Loreal, O, 2014) |
| "Meanwhile, iron overload has been recognized as a risk factor for bone loss." | ( Guo, W; Hou, Y; Ji, H; Liu, S; Qu, G; Rong, H; Sun, L; Yin, C; Zhang, S, 2014) |
| "Iron overload has been recognized to be a risk factor for numerous acute and chronic illnesses." | ( Anetor, JI; Fasola, FA; Ilesanmi, OS, 2013) |
| "Gross iron overload has long been known to result in diabetes mellitus." | ( McElduff, A, 2017) |
| "Iron overload has recently been associated with the changes in the bone microstructure that occur in osteoporosis." | ( Cai, ZY; Liu, F; Meng, HZ; Yang, MW; Zhang, WL, 2017) |
| "Hepatic iron overload has been implicated in many liver diseases; however, whether it is involved in clonorchiasis remains unknown." | ( Chen, R; Han, S; Li, Y; Shu, J; Tang, Q; Zhang, X, 2017) |
| "Iron overload has been recently identified as one of the important conditions complicating the management of these diverse disorders." | ( El Rassi, FA; Moukalled, NM; Taher, AT; Temraz, SN, 2018) |
| "Significant liver iron overload has been observed from early childhood and we aimed to evaluate factors that could predict liver iron overload at the first magnetic resonance imaging (MRI)." | ( Ammirabile, M; Casale, M; Cinque, P; Costantini, S; Filosa, A; Marsella, M; Ricchi, P; Spasiano, A, 2019) |
| "Iron overload has been associated with oxidative stress, advanced fibrosis and decreased survival, and promising therapies beyond phlebotomy and oral iron chelation have included hepcidin agonists." | ( Czaja, AJ, 2019) |
| "Consequently, iron overload has been increasingly recognized as an important player in MDS, which is worth paying attention to." | ( Petzer, V; Theurl, I; Weiss, G; Wolf, D, 2021) |
| "Retinal iron overload has been reported in several mouse disease models with systemic or neural retina-specific knockout (KO) of homologous ferroxidases ceruloplasmin (Cp) and hephaestin (Heph)." | ( Baumann, B; Dunaief, JL; Kozmik, Z; Lakhal-Littleton, S; Liu, Y; Song, Y; Sterling, JK; Su, G; Zhang, K, 2022) |
| "If iron overload has been excluded, evaluation for causes of hyperferritinemia should be pursued." | ( Fertrin, KY; Hsu, CC; Kowdley, KV; Senussi, NH, 2022) |
| "Iron overload has been associated with acute/chronic organ failure, but whether iron overload induces liver injury remains unclear." | ( Chen, W; Cheng, M; Liu, W; Nie, X; Wang, B; Wang, M; Wang, X; Yu, L; Zhou, M, 2023) |