ibuprofen

Research Excerpts

Overview

Ibuprofen (IBU) is a widely used non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID) It has attracted widespread attention due to its high frequency of environmental detection, non-degradability and potential ecological risks. Ib uprofen appears to be a safe option for fracture-related pain.

Excerpt	Reference	Relevance
"Ibuprofen appears to be a safe option for fracture-related pain."	( An observational cohort study comparing ibuprofen and oxycodone in children with fractures. Ali, S; Carleton, B; Drendel, AL; Johnson, DW; LeMay, S; Manaloor, R; McGrath, PJ; Rosychuk, RJ, 2021)	1.61
"Ibuprofen is a nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID) extensively used as an analgesic, anti-inflammatory, and antipyretic."	( Xylitol as a Hydrophilization Moiety for a Biocatalytically Synthesized Ibuprofen Prodrug. Costa, S; Cristofori, V; Lampronti, I; Summa, D; Tamburini, E; Trapella, C; Tupini, C; Zappaterra, F, 2022)	1.68
"Ibuprofen is a safe and effective analgesic following adult tonsillectomy and significantly reduces the proportion of patients who must fill a postoperative opioid prescription."	( Ibuprofen prescription following adult tonsillectomy reduces postoperative opioid use. Esce, AR; Meiklejohn, DA, )	3.02
"Ibuprofen (IBU) is a JA inhibitor."	( Characterization of infected process and primary mechanism in rice Acuce defense against rice blast fungus, Magnaporthe oryzae. Chen, H; Duan, G; Ma, X; Su, S; Tang, P; Wei, Z; Yang, J, 2022)	1.44
"Ibuprofen is a non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug possessing analgesic and antipyretic activity. "	( Synthesis of Spin-Labeled Ibuprofen and Its Interaction with Lipid Membranes. Baranov, DS; Dzuba, SA; Smorygina, AS, 2022)	2.46
"Ibuprofen is a nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug that can be found in freshwater ecosystems. "	( Environmentally realistic concentrations of ibuprofen influence life histories but not population dynamics of Daphnia magna. Adamczuk, M, 2022)	2.43
"Ibuprofen is a nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug that is commonly used for its analgesic, antipyretic and anti-inflammatory effects worldwide. "	( Trichopus zeylanicus ameliorates ibuprofen inebriated hepatotoxicity and enteropathy: an insight into its modulatory impact on pro/anti-inflammatory cytokines and apoptotic signaling pathways. Panchal, NK; Prince, SE; Swarnalatha, P, 2022)	2.45
"Ibuprofen (IBU) is a widely used non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID), which has attracted widespread attention due to its high frequency of environmental detection, non-degradability and potential ecological risks. "	( Functional characterization of an efficient ibuprofen-mineralizing bacterial consortium. Chen, R; Huang, J; Li, X; Wu, X; Yang, C, 2023)	2.61
"Ibuprofen is a nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug that is commonly used to stimulate closure of a patent ductus arteriosus (PDA) in very premature infants and may lead to aberrant neonatal lung development and bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD)."	( Vascular and pulmonary effects of ibuprofen on neonatal lung development. Chen, X; Han, D; Huang, X; Huang, Z; Liu, Y; Wagenaar, GTM; Walther, FJ; Wang, X; Yang, C; Zhong, J, 2023)	2.63
"Ibuprofen (Ibf) is a biologically active drug (BADs) and an emerging contaminant of concern (CECs) in aqueous streams. "	( Ionic Liquid-Based Green Emulsion Liquid Membrane for the Extraction of the Poorly Soluble Drug Ibuprofen. Bustam, MA; Elgharbawy, AAM; Goto, M; Khan, HW; Moniruzzaman, M, 2023)	2.57
"Ibuprofen (IBU) is an emerging environmental contaminant that, in high doses, can damage reproductive organs in humans and other mammals. "	( TT-10 may elevate YAP and repair mouse uterine damage resulting from the inhibition effect of ibuprofen on COX2-PGE2 and YAP. Fu, H; Li, F; Wang, Q; Wang, X; Xin, B; Yan, Z; Zhu, Y, 2023)	2.57
"Ibuprofen is a member of the propionic acid class of nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) with anti-inflammatory, analgesic, and antipyretic activities used to relieve a variety of pains. "	( Enhanced anti-inflammatory and ulcerogenicity of Ibuprofen microsphere formulations using Irvingia wombolu fat (IRW) and moringa oil (MO) as co-lipids. Agu, GC; Chime, SA; Gugu, TH; Uronnachi, EM, 2023)	2.61
"Ibuprofen is a commonly used drug for treating headaches, pain, and fever. "	( Concentration-dependent mechanism of the binding behavior of ibuprofen to the cell membrane: A molecular dynamic simulation study. Allahverdi, A; Dehghan, G; Ghorbani, M, 2023)	2.59
"Ibuprofen (IBP) is an anti-inflammatory drug found in aquatic environments, potentially toxic for the biota. "	( Acute and subchronic effects of ibuprofen on the ten spotted live-bearer fish Cnesterodon decemmaculatus (Jenyns, 1842). Campos, LB; Castañé, PM; Ferrari, L; Ferro, JP; González Núñez, AA; Ossana, NA; Palacio, MJ, 2023)	2.64
"Ibuprofen (IBP) is a widely used drug of environmental concern as emerging contaminant due to its low elimination rates by wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs), leading to the contamination of the environment, where IBP is introduced mainly from wastewater discharge and sewage sludge used as fertilizer. "	( Ibuprofen-enhanced biodegradation in solution and sewage sludge by a mineralizing microbial consortium. Shift in associated bacterial communities. Aguilar-Romero, I; Madrid, F; Morillo, E; Villaverde, J, 2024)	4.33
"Ibuprofen is a poorly water-soluble nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug; however, the water solubility of ibuprofen can be significantly enhanced by inclusion complexation with cyclodextrins."	( Fast Dissolving Oral Drug Delivery System Based on Electrospun Nanofibrous Webs of Cyclodextrin/Ibuprofen Inclusion Complex Nanofibers. Celebioglu, A; Uyar, T, 2019)	1.45
"Ibuprofen (IBU) is a non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID) commonly used in the treatment of pain, fever and inflammation. "	( Ester coupling of ibuprofen in hydrogel matrix: A facile one-step strategy for controlled anti-inflammatory drug release. Mauri, E; Mozetic, P; Rainer, A; Rossetti, A; Rossi, F; Sacchetti, A; Schiavon, C, 2020)	2.33
"Ibuprofen is a Biopharmaceutics Classification System (BCS) class IIa drug (Low solubility - High permeability) used as analgesic, antipyretic and anti-inflammatory agent."	( Possibility of extending biopharmaceutics classification system based biowaiver to BCS class IIa drug. Hassan, F; Hassan, SMF; Khalid, F; Noor, R; Zaheer, K, 2019)	1.24
"Ibuprofen is a commonly used anti-inflammatory, antipyretic, and analgesic drug; however, because of its short biological half-life, it must be frequently administered orally and is highly irritating to the digestive tract."	( Transcutol® P/Cremophor® EL/Ethyl Oleate-Formulated Microemulsion Loaded into Hyaluronic Acid-Based Hydrogel for Improved Transdermal Delivery and Biosafety of Ibuprofen. Feng, N; Guo, T; Hu, H; Jing, Q; Li, Y; Wang, Z; Zhang, K; Zhang, Y, 2019)	1.43
"Ibuprofen (IBU) is a non-steroidal anti-inflammatory (NSAIDs) that is used in various conditions. "	( Ibuprofen at environmentally relevant concentrations alters embryonic development, induces teratogenesis and oxidative stress in Cyprinus carpio. Dublán-García, O; Galar-Martínez, M; Gómez-Oliván, LM; Gutiérrez-Noya, VM; Islas-Flores, H; Ramírez-Montero, MDC; Romero, R, 2020)	3.44
"Ibuprofen is a well-established non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug, inhibiting the prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase. "	( Dissecting intermolecular interactions in the condensed phase of ibuprofen and related compounds: the specific role and quantification of hydrogen bonding and dispersion forces. Emel'yanenko, VN; Feder-Kubis, J; Ludwig, R; Stange, P; Verevkin, SP, 2020)	2.24
"Ibuprofen is an over-the-counter medication that is used widely for the treatment of pain and fever during COVID-19 pandemic. "	( COVID-19 and Avoiding Ibuprofen. How Good Is the Evidence? Chandiramani, VH; Kotagiri, R; Kutti Sridharan, G; Mohan, BP; Rokkam, VRP; Vegunta, R, )	1.89
"Ibuprofen is an effective medication for fracture pain in children and its use does not impair clinical or radiographic long bone fracture healing in skeletally immature patients."	( Effect of NSAID Use on Bone Healing in Pediatric Fractures: A Preliminary, Prospective, Randomized, Blinded Study. Coe, KM; Cook, JL; Gupta, SK; Hoernschemeyer, DG; Nuelle, JAV; Oliver, HA, 2020)	2
"Ibuprofen is a non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID) that is commonly used as an anti-inflammatory, anti-pyretic, and analgesic. "	( Beneficial Effects of Ibuprofen on Pentylenetetrazol-induced Convulsion. Albayrak, Y; Atasoy, Ö; Beyazyüz, M; Durankuş, F; Erbaş, O; Şenkal, E; Sünnetçi, E, 2020)	2.32
"Ibuprofen (IBP) is a well-known anti-inflammatory agent that reduces the neuroinflammatory response and neuronal damage."	( Ibuprofen Exerts Antiepileptic and Neuroprotective Effects in the Rat Model of Pentylenetetrazol-Induced Epilepsy via the COX-2/NLRP3/IL-18 Pathway. Guo, C; Guo, K; Hu, Z; Li, J; Liu, R; Peng, J; Wu, S; Zhang, X, 2020)	2.72
"Ibuprofen is a widely used nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug, which has recently been associated with increased cardiovascular risk, but its electrophysiological effects have not yet been properly studied in isolated cardiac preparations. "	( Cardiac electrophysiological effects of ibuprofen in dog and rabbit ventricular preparations: possible implication to enhanced proarrhythmic risk. Árpádffy-Lovas, T; Gazdag, P; Györe, B; Jost, N; Koncz, I; Magyar, T; Nagy, N; Naveed, M; Pászti, B; Prorok, J; Szlovák, J; Topál, L; Varró, A; Virág, L, 2021)	2.33
"Ibuprofen is a commonly used non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug that is noted for its favorable safety profile. "	( Regular use of ibuprofen reduces rat penile prostaglandins and induces cavernosal fibrosis. Elkamshoushi, AA; Hassaan, P; Nabil, I; Omar, SS; Ossama, H, 2022)	2.52
"Ibuprofen gel, which is a safe treatment option for geriatric patients, is more clinically effective than piroxicam gel. "	( Comparison of ibuprofen and piroxicam gel in the treatment of trauma pain: A randomized double-blind trial of geriatric population. Akbas, I; Cakir, Z; Dogruyol, S; Dogruyol, T; Gur, STA; Kocak, AO; Menekse, TS, 2020)	2.36
"Ibuprofen is a drug widely used in children who underwent elective tonsillectomy or adenotonsillectomy because compared to the other Nonsteroidal Anti-Inflammatory Drugs (NSAIDs) it is considered a safe drug with a low risk of postoperative bleeding."	( Ibuprofen and postoperative bleeding in children undergoing tonsillectomy or adenotonsillectomy: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized clinical trials. Calevo, MG; Cascella, M; Marinangeli, F; Murgia, F; Simonini, A; Vittori, A, 2021)	3.51
"Ibuprofen (IBU) is a non-steroidal drug that is classified as a trace organic compound (TrOC). "	( Degradation mechanism of Ibuprofen via a forward osmosis membrane bioreactor. Duan, L; Hermanowicz, SW; Song, Y; Yao, M, 2021)	2.37
"Ibuprofen (IBU) is a small molecule API which can form cocrystals with different coformers, including NIC and INA."	( Development and characterization of ibuprofen co-crystals granules prepared via fluidized bed granulation in a one-step process - a design of experiment approach. Healy, AM; Todaro, V, 2021)	1.62
"Ibuprofen (IBU) is a small molecule API which can form cocrystals with different coformers, including NIC and INA."	( Development and characterization of ibuprofen co-crystals granules prepared via fluidized bed granulation in a one-step process - a design of experiment approach. Healy, AM; Todaro, V, 2021)	1.62
"Ibuprofen is a nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID) introduced in the 1960s and widely used as an analgesic, anti-inflammatory, and antipyretic. "	( Biocatalytic Approach for Direct Esterification of Ibuprofen with Sorbitol in Biphasic Media. Costa, S; Rodriguez, MEM; Semeraro, B; Summa, D; Tamburini, E; Zappaterra, F, 2021)	2.32
"Ibuprofen is a classical nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID) highly prescribed to reduce acute pain and inflammation under an array of conditions, including rheumatoid arthritis, osteoarthritis, dysmenorrhea, and gout. "	( Ibuprofen-based advanced therapeutics: breaking the inflammatory link in cancer, neurodegeneration, and diseases. Amanullah, A; Dhiman, R; Joshi, V; Mishra, A; Poluri, KM; Prajapati, VK; Upadhyay, A, 2021)	3.51
"Ibuprofen is an effective analgesic for postoperative pain relief in children undergoing primary tooth extraction."	( Comparison of preemptive ibuprofen, acetaminophen, and placebo administration in reducing peri- and postoperative pain in primary tooth extraction: A randomized clinical trial. Raslan, N; Zouzou, T, 2021)	1.65
"Ibuprofen is a non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug frequently administered to children of various ages for relief of fever and pain and is approved as an over-the-counter medication in many countries worldwide. "	( Efficacy and Safety of Ibuprofen in Infants Aged Between 3 and 6 Months. Erb, TO; van den Anker, JN; Ziesenitz, VC; Zutter, A, 2017)	2.21
"Dexibuprofen is a non-steroidal analgesic and anti-inflammatory drug that is one of safest over the counter medications. "	( Synthesis of β-cyclodextrin hydrogel nanoparticles for improving the solubility of dexibuprofen: characterization and toxicity evaluation. Ahmad, M; Khalid, Q; Minhas, MU, 2017)	1.3
"Ibuprofen is an effective analgesic treatment with a ceiling effect at doses above 400 mg. "	( Efficacy and safety of a fixed-dose combination of ibuprofen and caffeine in the management of moderate to severe dental pain after third molar extraction. Hegewisch, A; Lange, R; Muse, DD; Richter, E; Weiser, T, 2018)	2.18
"Ibuprofen is a commonly used non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug administered to treat injuries, joint pain, and recurrent muscular skeletal pain. "	( Cutaneous irritancy of an ibuprofen medicated plaster in healthy volunteers. Bhatt, A; Connolly, MP; Maganji, M, 2018)	2.22
"Ibuprofen (IBU) is an effective analgesic, non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug. "	( Improving the skin penetration and antifebrile activity of ibuprofen by preparing nanoparticles using emulsion solvent evaporation method. Deng, Y; Wang, L; Wu, M; Wu, W; Yang, F; Zhao, X; Zu, C, 2018)	2.17
"Ibuprofen (IBU) is a widespread drug used to treat both acute and chronic disorders. "	( Synthesis and characterization of pH-sensitive drinkable nanoparticles for oral delivery of ibuprofen. Agostini, A; Barbieri, SDA; Capasso Palmiero, U; Lupi, M; Moscatelli, D, 2018)	2.14
"Ibuprofen is a pharmaceutical drug widely used by the global population and it has been found in aquatic ecosystems in several countries. "	( Effects of low concentrations of ibuprofen on freshwater fish Rhamdia quelen. Cestari, MM; Disner, GR; Fockink, DH; Mathias, FT; Prodocimo, V; Ramos, LP; Ribas, JLC; Silva de Assis, HC, 2018)	2.2
"Ibuprofen is an analgesic frequently used in the 1st and 2nd trimester of pregnancy. "	( No evidence of adverse pregnancy outcome after exposure to ibuprofen in the first trimester - Evaluation of the national Embryotox cohort. Dathe, K; Fietz, AK; Hultzsch, S; Meister, R; Meixner, K; Padberg, S; Pritchard, LW; Schaefer, C, 2018)	2.17
"Ibuprofen is a non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug widely used to treat inflammatory diseases, and for its analgesic and antipyretic activity. "	( Association of ibuprofen at the polar/apolar interface of lipid membranes. Aloi, E; Bartucci, R; Guzzi, R; Rizzuti, B, 2018)	2.28
"Dexibuprofen is an enantiomer of ibuprofen with low bioavailability which results from its hydrophobic nature. "	( Fabrication and characterization of dexibuprofen nanocrystals using microchannel fluidic rector. Bashir, S; Isreb, M; Khan, J; Khan, MA; Mohammad, MA, 2018)	1.37
"Ibuprofen is a worldwide used non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug which may cause acute liver injury (ALI) requiring liver transplantation. "	( Protective role of c-Jun N-terminal kinase-2 (JNK2) in ibuprofen-induced acute liver injury. Andrade, RJ; Bast, A; Bechmann, LP; Cubero, FJ; Koek, GH; Lucena, MI; Nelson, LJ; Sydor, S; Trautwein, C; Woitok, MM; Zoubek, ME, 2019)	2.2
"Ibuprofen is a common nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug."	( A rapid and sensitive reversed phase-HPLC method for simultaneous determination of ibuprofen and paracetamol in drug samples and their behaviors in simulated gastric conditions. Bakırdere, S; Borahan, T; Şahin, A; Unutkan, T, 2019)	1.46
"Ibuprofen is a widely used analgesic/antipyretic medication belongs to the nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory class. "	( Effect of ibuprofen on semen quality. Banihani, SA, 2019)	2.36
"Ibuprofen is a widely used non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID) that exerts analgesic and anti-inflammatory actions. "	( The acyl-glucuronide metabolite of ibuprofen has analgesic and anti-inflammatory effects via the TRPA1 channel. De Logu, F; De Siena, G; Geppetti, P; Landini, L; Li Puma, S; Nassini, R; Patacchini, R; Poli, G; Preti, D; Tsagareli, MG; Tuccinardi, T, 2019)	2.23
"Ibuprofen is an effective analgesic after tonsillectomy alone or tonsillectomy with adenoidectomy, but concerns remain about whether it increases postoperative hemorrhage."	( Comparison of Ibuprofen vs Acetaminophen and Severe Bleeding Risk After Pediatric Tonsillectomy: A Noninferiority Randomized Clinical Trial. Bennett, K; Boseley, M; Brigger, M; Cohen, MS; Comins, J; Diercks, GR; Gallagher, TQ; Gaudreau, P; Hartnick, C; Keamy, D; Rogers, D; Setlur, J, 2019)	2.32
"Ibuprofen is a NSAID that has anti-inflammatory, antipyretic, and analgesic effects. "	( A Randomized, Placebo-Controlled, Double-Blind Study that Evaluates Efficacy of Intravenous Ibuprofen and Acetaminophen for Postoperative Pain Treatment Following Laparoscopic Cholecystectomy Surgery. Celik, EC; Ciftci, B; Ekinci, M; Karakaya, MA; Köse, EA; Ozdenkaya, Y, 2020)	2.22
"Ibuprofen is a non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug for the treatment of Rheumatoid Arthritis and osteoarthritis. "	( Gel network comprising UV crosslinked PLGA-b-PEG-MA nanoparticles for ibuprofen topical delivery. Ayse Aksoy, E; Bayram, C; Ciftci, SY; Erikci, A; Eroglu, I; Gultekinoglu, M; Ulubayram, K, 2019)	2.19
"Ibuprofen is an effective treatment for acute migraine headaches, providing pain relief in about half of sufferers, but complete relief from pain and associated symptoms for only a minority."	( Ibuprofen with or without an antiemetic for acute migraine headaches in adults. Derry, S; Moore, RA; Rabbie, R, 2013)	2.55
"Ibuprofen is a poorly soluble and poorly compressible drug and is unsuitable for "direct tableting". "	( Effects of microcrystalline cellulose based comilled powder on the compression and dissolution of ibuprofen. Mallick, S; Mohapatra, R; Pradhan, SK, 2013)	2.05
"Ibuprofen is an important NSAID, however, it can cause GI disturbances when given orally, and employment of transdermal route will require permeation enhancer causing skin injury."	( Development of a new nanovesicle formulation as transdermal carrier: formulation, physicochemical characterization, permeation studies and anti-inflammatory activity. Bhandari, A; Gaur, PK; Kumar, Y; Mishra, S; Purohit, S, 2014)	1.85
"Ibuprofen (IB) is a high environmental risk drug and one of the most frequently prescribed in human medicine. "	( Ibuprofen adsorption in four agricultural volcanic soils. Estevez, E; Fernandez-Vera, JR; Hernandez-Moreno, JM; Palacios-Diaz, MP, 2014)	3.29
"Ibuprofen, therefore, is a potential therapeutic agent that might allow lowering the doses of cisplatin and limiting the many challenge associated with its toxicity and development of drug resistance."	( Ibuprofen enhances the anticancer activity of cisplatin in lung cancer cells by inhibiting the heat shock protein 70. Endo, H; Kido, H; Okumura, Y; Yano, M, 2014)	2.57
"Ibuprofen is a widely used nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug that reportedly reduces the risk of Alzheimer's disease (AD) development. "	( Ibuprofen partially attenuates neurodegenerative symptoms in presenilin conditional double-knockout mice. Dong, Z; Huang, G; Mei, B; Meng, B; Yan, L; Zhang, L, 2014)	3.29
"Ibuprofen is an established non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug commonly used for general inflammation. "	( Development of ibuprofen nanoliposome for transdermal delivery: Physical characterization, in vitro/in vivo studies, and anti-inflammatory activity. Bajpai, M; Gaur, PK; Mishra, S; Verma, A, 2016)	2.23
"Dexibuprofen, is a practically water-insoluble nonsterodial anti-inflammatory drug which has a better anti-inflammatory effect than ibuprofen. "	( Enhancement of solubility of dexibuprofen applying mixed hydrotropic solubilization technique. El-Dein, EZ; El-Houssieny, BM; El-Messiry, HM, 2014)	1.31
"Ibuprofen is a popular over-the-counter, non-steroidal anti-inflammatory medication, frequently used for the relief of fever, headaches, menstrual and other minor pains as well as a major active ingredient in numerous cold preparations. "	( Safety of oral ibuprofen--analysis of data from the spontaneous reporting system in Poland. Han, S; Karłowicz-Bodalska, K; Kuchari, E; Kutycka, E; Miśkiewicz, K, )	1.93
"Ibuprofen was found to be a superior analgesic to paracetamol at several doses, with high quality evidence suggesting that ibuprofen 400 mg is superior to 1000 mg paracetamol based on pain relief (estimated from TOTPAR data) and the use of rescue medication meta-analyses."	( Ibuprofen is superior to paracetamol for pain relief following third molar removal. Ferraiolo, DM; Veitz-Keenan, A, 2014)	2.57
"Ibuprofen (IBU) is an efficacious over-the-counter analgesic/antipyretic with adverse event (AE) rates comparable to placebo. "	( Safety of a novel formulation of ibuprofen sodium compared with standard ibuprofen and placebo. Jayawardena, S; Kellstein, D; Leyva, R, 2015)	2.14
"Ibuprofen is a nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID), treatment with which has been shown to delay the onset, slows the cognitive decline, and decreases the incidence of Alzheimer׳s disease (AD) in epidemiological and clinical studies. "	( The influence of chronic ibuprofen treatment on proteins expressed in the mouse hippocampus. Kadoyama, K; Matsuura, K; Matsuyama, S; Otani, M; Takano, M, 2015)	2.16
"Ibuprofen is an important nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug endowed with various pharmacological and biological activities. "	( Ibuprofen causes photocleavage through ROS generation and intercalates with DNA: a combined biophysical and molecular docking approach. Husain, MA; Ishqi, HM; Rehman, SU; Sarwar, T; Tabish, M, 2015)	3.3
"Ibuprofen is a non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug of generalized use with over-the-counter availability. "	( Beyond COX-inhibition: 'side-effects' of ibuprofen on neoplastic development and progression. Jordan, P; Matos, P, 2015)	2.13
"Ibuprofen serves as a representative bioactive, whereas mannitol is a representative polyol."	( Linear, Mannitol-Based Poly(anhydride-esters) with High Ibuprofen Loading and Anti-Inflammatory Activity. Stebbins, ND; Uhrich, KE; Yu, W, 2015)	1.38
"Ibuprofen (IBP) is an anti-inflammatory drug whose residues can be found worldwide in natural water bodies resulting in harmful effects to aquatic species even at low concentrations. "	( Degradation of ibuprofen by hydrodynamic cavitation: Reaction pathways and effect of operational parameters. Canzano, S; Capocelli, M; Iovino, P; Karatza, D; Lancia, A; Musmarra, D; Prisciandaro, M, 2016)	2.23
"Ibuprofen is an inexpensive short-acting NSAID and is readily available in liquid formulation for administration to bottle-fed calves."	( Adverse effects of a 10-day course of ibuprofen in Holstein calves. Anderson, M; Behrens, N; Carvallo Chaigneau, FR; Gershwin, LJ; Gunnarson, B; McEligot, H; Walsh, P, 2016)	1.43
"Ibuprofen appears to be a better choice for PDA closure, with a better side effect profile and efficacy that equals that of indomethacin."	( Pharmacological Closure of Patent Ductus Arteriosus: Selecting the Agent and Route of Administration. Agarwal, R; Sivanandan, S, 2016)	1.16
"Ibuprofen is a useful medication in the setting of surgery, with multiple beneficial effects. "	( Ibuprofen May Not Increase Bleeding Risk in Plastic Surgery: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. Bennett, KG; Chung, KC; Kelley, BP; Kozlow, JH, 2016)	3.32
"Ibuprofen is a prototypical non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug that decreases PGE2 levels by inhibiting cyclooxygenase."	( A Randomized Placebo Controlled Trial of Ibuprofen for Respiratory Syncytial Virus Infection in a Bovine Model. Agrawal, K; Anderson, M; Behrens, N; Carvallo Chaigneau, FR; Gershwin, LJ; McEligot, H; Newman, JW; Walsh, P, 2016)	1.42
"Ibuprofen is a widely used drug. "	( A Transporter of Ibuprofen is Upregulated in MDCK I Cells under Hyperosmotic Culture Conditions. Holm, R; Lagunas, C; Mo, J; Nielsen, CU; Noori, B; Nøhr, MK; Rasmussen, RN, 2016)	2.22
"Ibuprofen is a kind of nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAIDs), and it is considered to possess some antitumor effect. "	( PEG-Fmoc-Ibuprofen Conjugate as a Dual Functional Nanomicellar Carrier for Paclitaxel. Chen, Y; Guo, X; Huang, Y; Li, S; Xu, J; Zhao, M, 2016)	2.29
"Ibuprofen is a widely used non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID), which explains why it is found in wastewaters so often."	( Ibuprofen photodegradation in aqueous solutions. Canzano, S; Chianese, S; Iovino, P; Musmarra, D; Prisciandaro, M, 2016)	2.6
"Ibuprofen is a nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug that is used widely in treating pain, fever, and inflammation. "	( Ibuprofen-induced Henoch-Schönlein purpura nephritis: First reported case. Seong, CL; Shanmuganathan, M, )	3.02
"Ibuprofen-PC is an effective osteoarthritic agent with an improved GI safety profile compared with ibuprofen in older OA patients, who are most susceptible to NSAID-induced gastroduodenal injury."	( Clinical trial: comparison of ibuprofen-phosphatidylcholine and ibuprofen on the gastrointestinal safety and analgesic efficacy in osteoarthritic patients. Anand, BS; Lanza, FL; Lichtenberger, LM; Marathi, UK, 2008)	2.08
"Ibuprofen is a cyclooxygenase (COX-1 and COX-2) inhibitor known to reduce the production of prostaglandins that play prominent role in inflammation."	( Antiatherosclerotic activity of ibuprofen, a non-selective COX inhibitor--an animal study. Dabhi, JK; Mehta, A; Solanki, JK, 2008)	1.35
"Ibuprofen is a non-narcotic, non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug used for the treatment of pain, fever, and inflammatory diseases such as rheumatoid arthritis, osteoarthritis, and ankylosing spondylitis. "	( Quantitation of ibuprofen in blood using gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS). Garg, U; Huber, G, 2010)	2.15
"Ibuprofen is a nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug widely used to relieve pain and inflammation in many disorders via inhibition of cyclooxygenases. "	( A molecular mechanism for ibuprofen-mediated RhoA inhibition in neurons. Bachoo, R; Dill, J; Li, S; Patel, AR; Powell, CM; Yang, XL, 2010)	2.1
"Ibuprofen (IBP) is a widely used analgesic and anti-inflammatory drug and has been found as a pollutant in aqueous environments. "	( Combined advanced oxidation processes for the synergistic degradation of ibuprofen in aqueous environments. Ashokkumar, M; Grieser, F; Madhavan, J, 2010)	2.03
"Ibuprofen is a widely used antipyretic and analgesic nonsteroidal antiinflammatory drug (NSAID). "	( Ibuprofen-induced hypersensitivity syndrome. Nanau, RM; Neuman, MG, 2010)	3.25
"Ibuprofen is an effective pharmacological intervention for closure of a patent ductus arteriosus (PDA) in preterm infants and is an alternative to surgical ligation; however, it is not certain whether ibuprofen treatment is associated with adverse effects on the brain. "	( Ibuprofen treatment for closure of patent ductus arteriosus is not associated with increased risk of neuropathology. Clyman, RI; Inder, TE; Loeliger, M; McCurnin, D; Rees, SM; Shields, A; Yoder, B, 2010)	3.25
"Ibuprofen is a non-competitive inhibitor of hPEPT1. "	( Ibuprofen is a non-competitive inhibitor of the peptide transporter hPEPT1 (SLC15A1): possible interactions between hPEPT1 substrates and ibuprofen. Brodin, B; Nielsen, CU; Omkvist, DH, 2010)	3.25
"Ibuprofen is an effective treatment for acute migraine headaches, providing pain relief in about half of sufferers, but complete relief from pain and associated symptoms for only a minority. "	( Ibuprofen with or without an antiemetic for acute migraine headaches in adults. Derry, S; McQuay, HJ; Moore, RA; Rabbie, R, 2010)	3.25
"Ibuprofen is a Biopharmaceutics Classification System (BCS) class II drug with low solubility at pH 1.2 and 4.5 and high solubility at pH 6.8."	( Investigation on the possibility of biowaivers for ibuprofen. Alvarez, C; García-Arieta, A; Gordon, J; Núñez, I; Potthast, H; Torrado, JJ, 2011)	1.34
"Dexibuprofen is a pure S(+)-enantiomer product of racemic ibuprofen. "	( Pharmacokinetic comparison of controlled- and immediate-release formulations of dexibuprofen after single and multiple oral doses in fasting healthy male Korean volunteers. Bae, KS; Cho, SH; Choe, S; Ghim, JL; Jang, MJ; Jung, JA; Kim, UJ; Lim, HS; Noh, YH; Park, KM, 2011)	1.22
"Ibuprofen is a nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID) that has been reported to reduce the risk of developing Alzheimer's disease (AD). "	( No improvement after chronic ibuprofen treatment in the 5XFAD mouse model of Alzheimer's disease. Bayer, TA; Bulic, B; Demuth, HU; Hahn, S; Hillmann, A; Hoffmann, T; Schilling, S; Schneider-Axmann, T; Weggen, S; Wirths, O, 2012)	2.11
"Ibuprofen arginate is a highly soluble salt formed by combining racemic ibuprofen with the amino acid l-arginine. "	( Comparison of the antinociceptive effects of ibuprofen arginate and ibuprofen in rat models of inflammatory and neuropathic pain. Berrocoso, E; Leza, JC; Mico, JA; Ortega-Álvaro, A; Rey-Brea, R, 2012)	2.08
"Ibuprofen is a non-steroidal anti-inflammatory compound which is nowadays often used transdermally."	( The effect of formulation vehicles on the in vitro percutaneous permeation of ibuprofen. Kietzmann, M; Stahl, J; Wohlert, M, 2011)	1.32
"Ibuprofen is a nonselective nonsteroidal antiinflammatory drug commonly prescribed for acute postsurgical and posttraumatic pain. "	( Effect of ibuprofen on proliferation, differentiation, antigenic expression, and phagocytic capacity of osteoblasts. De Luna-Bertos, E; Díaz-Rodríguez, L; García-Martínez, O; Ramos-Torrecillas, J; Ruiz, C, 2012)	2.22
"Ibuprofen is a well established analgesic, anti-inflammatory and antipyretic NSAID. "	( Intravenous ibuprofen: in adults for pain and fever. Scott, LJ, 2012)	2.2
"Ibuprofen is a non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug frequently used in children for fever and pain. "	( [Gastrointestinal bleeding following ingestion of low-dose ibuprofen]. Bodas Pinedo, A; Maluenda Carrillo, C; Vaquero Sosa, E, 2013)	2.08
"Ibuprofen is a prototypical nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug widely prescribed as an analgesic, anti-inflammatory, and antipyretic agent."	( Acute Ibuprofen intoxication: report on a case and review of the literature. d'Aloja, E; De-Giorgio, F; Fucci, N; Lodise, M; Rossi, R, 2012)	1.58
"Ibuprofen is a non-selective cyclo-oxygenase (COX)-1/COX-2 inhibitor used to treat pain conditions and inflammation. "	( Characteristics and clinical implications of the pharmacokinetic profile of ibuprofen in patients with knee osteoarthritis. Corigliano, A; De Sarro, G; Falcone, D; Galasso, O; Gallelli, L; Gasparini, G; Longo, P; Palleria, C; Saccà, S; Savino, R; Southworth, SR; Terracciano, R; Urzino, A, 2012)	2.05
"Ibuprofen is a nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug that inhibits cyclooxygenase enzymes and is used in neonates to treat patent ductus arteriosus."	( Post-insult ibuprofen treatment attenuates damage to the serotonergic system after hypoxia-ischemia in the immature rat brain. Buller, KM; Reinebrant, HE; Wixey, JA, 2012)	1.48
"Ibuprofen is a racemate."	( Ibuprofen: from invention to an OTC therapeutic mainstay. Rainsford, KD, 2013)	2.55
"Ibuprofen is a safe and effective non steroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID). "	( Oral versus rectal ibuprofen in healthy volunteers. Ben-Zvi, Z; Berkovitch, M; Jossifoff, A; Kozer, E; Vilenchik, R, 2012)	2.15
"Ibuprofen liquigel is an encapsulated, solubilized potassium salt of ibuprofen that has a higher Cmax and shorter tmax than traditional ibuprofen solid-dosage formulations."	( Efficacy and tolerability of nonprescription ibuprofen versus celecoxib for dental pain. Ashraf, E; Cooper, SA; Doyle, G; Jayawardena, S, 2002)	1.3
"Ibuprofen is a safe and effective analgesic, but some formulations have a slow onset of action. "	( Ibuprofen arginate provides effective relief from postoperative dental pain with a more rapid onset of action than ibuprofen. Ardia, A; Black, P; Desjardins, P; Norris, L; Norwood, T; Papageorge, M; Shen, DD, 2002)	3.2
"Ibuprofen is a widely utilised analgesic anti-inflammatory drug. "	( Identification of degradation products of ibuprofen arising from oxidative and thermal treatments. Attilia, A; Brunella, P; Caviglioli, G; Gaetano, B; Sergio, C; Valeria, P, 2002)	2.02
"Ibuprofen is an antiinflammatory drug that disrupts leukocyte-endothelial cell interactions by limiting expression of endothelial adhesion molecules such as intercellular adhesion molecule-1 (ICAM-1), also known as CD54. "	( High-dose ibuprofen for reduction of striatal infarcts during middle cerebral artery occlusion in rats. Alkayed, NJ; Anderson, LG; Antezana, DF; Clatterbuck, RE; Frazier, J; Hurn, PD; Murphy, SJ; Tamargo, RJ; Traystman, RJ, 2003)	2.16
"Ibuprofen is a non-cyclo-oxygenase selective NSAID but recent evidence suggests additional anti-inflammatory properties are due to modulation of leucocyte activity, reduced cytokine production, inhibition of free radicals and signalling transduction."	( Discovery, mechanisms of action and safety of ibuprofen. Rainsford, KD, 2003)	1.3
"Ibuprofen is a nonsteroidal antiinflammatory drug often prescribed as a racemic formulation. "	( Dexibuprofen (S+-isomer ibuprofen) reduces gastric damage and improves analgesic and antiinflammatory effects in rodents. Bonabello, A; Canaparo, R; Galmozzi, MR; Isaia, GC; Muntoni, E; Serpe, L; Zara, GP, 2003)	2.38
"Ibuprofen is a nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory agent similar to indomethacin, but with less pronounced side-effects."	( Ibuprofen improves oxygen-induced retinopathy in a mouse model. Barr, SM; Geng, Y; Higgins, RD; Sharma, J; Yun, Y, 2003)	2.48
"Ibuprofen is a potent anti-inflammatory agent that demonstrates inhibition of neutrophil activity in vitro at concentrations between 50 and 100 mg/L, whereas lower concentrations result in an increase in inflammatory mediators."	( Pharmacokinetics of Ibuprofen in children with cystic fibrosis. Beringer, PM; Gill, MA; Han, EE; Louie, SG; Shapiro, BJ, 2004)	1.37
"Ibuprofen is a well-tolerated nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID), particularly at over-the-counter (OTC) doses. "	( A randomized, controlled comparison of ibuprofen at the maximal over-the-counter dose compared with prescription-dose celecoxib on upper gastrointestinal mucosal injury. Cryer, B; Kimmey, MB; Riff, DS; Rothstein, RI; Scheiman, JM; Wolfe, MM, 2004)	2.04
"Ibuprofen is an antiinflammatory agent that inhibits the expression of specific cell adhesion molecules and, consequently, disrupts leukocyte-endothelial cell interactions."	( Inhibition of cerebral vasospasm by intracranial delivery of ibuprofen from a controlled-release polymer in a rabbit model of subarachnoid hemorrhage. Frazier, JL; Pradilla, G; Tamargo, RJ; Wang, PP, 2004)	1.29
"Ibuprofen is a cyclooxygenase inhibitor that is effective in treating patent ductus arteriosus in preterm infants. "	( Effects of ibuprofen and hypoxia on neutrophil apoptosis in neonates. Graboski, S; Hanna, N; Laskin, DL; Weinberger, B, 2004)	2.16
"Ibuprofen is an excellent anti inflammatory and analgesic drug. "	( [The determination of enantiomeric purity for ibuprofen by high performance liquid chromatography]. Liang, X; Wang, J; Wang, M; Wu, J, 1997)	2
"Ibuprofen is a member of the propionic acid class of NSAID. "	( Cholestatic liver injury due to ibuprofen. Sarin, SK; Sharma, BC; Tyagi, P, )	1.86
"Ibuprofen is a nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug which has both peripheral and central analgesic effects. "	( Perioperative pharmacokinetics of ibuprofen enantiomers after rectal administration. Kyllönen, M; Olkkola, KT; Ryhänen, P; Seppälä, T, 2005)	2.05
"Ibuprofen is a promising compound in association with azoles, deserving future clinical trials."	( Potent synergic effect between ibuprofen and azoles on Candida resulting from blockade of efflux pumps as determined by FUN-1 staining and flow cytometry. Costa-de-Oliveira, S; Mårdh, PA; Pina-Vaz, C; Ricardo, E; Rodrigues, AG, 2005)	1.34
"Ibuprofen is a commonly used non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug. "	( Nitro-arginine methyl ester, a non-selective inhibitor of nitric oxide synthase reduces ibuprofen-induced gastric mucosal injury in the rat. Abraham, P; K, D; K, I, 2005)	1.99
"Ibuprofen was assessed to be a BCS class II drug."	( Biowaiver monographs for immediate release solid oral dosage forms: ibuprofen. Barends, DM; Dressman, JB; Junginger, HE; Midha, KK; Oeser, H; Potthast, H; Shah, VP; Vogelpoel, H, 2005)	1.29
"Ibuprofen arginate is a rapidly absorbed salt designed to promote more rapid onset of analgesia than commercially available forms of ibuprofen. "	( Tandem column for the simultaneous determination of arginine, ibuprofen and related impurities by liquid chromatography. Barbas, C; Huidobro, AL; Rupérez, FJ, 2006)	2.02
"Ibuprofen is a nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug available over the counter and on prescription for the management of pain and inflammation. "	( Fatality after deliberate ingestion of sustained-release ibuprofen: a case report. Dargan, PI; Jones, AL; Monaghan, J; Streete, P; Wood, DM, 2006)	2.02
"Ibuprofen is a common nonsteroidal antiinflammatory drug that is the most frequent cause of aseptic meningitis induced by drugs. "	( Characteristics of meningitis caused by Ibuprofen: report of 2 cases with recurrent episodes and review of the literature. Miralles, CP; Olguín, AM; Rodríguez, SC; Viladrich, PF, 2006)	2.04
"Ibuprofen arginate is a salt formulation of ibuprofen designed to reach target concentrations rapidly. "	( A comparative study of the pharmacokinetics of ibuprofen arginate versus dexibuprofen in healthy volunteers. Azanza, JR; Campanero, MA; Esteras, A; García-Quetglas, E; Gil-Aldea, I; Muñoz-Juarez, MJ; Sádaba, B, 2006)	2.03
"Ibuprofen is a member of the class of drugs termed non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDS)."	( Investigation of the nature of MIP recognition: the development and characterisation of a MIP for Ibuprofen. Farrington, K; Regan, F, 2007)	1.28
"Ibuprofen is a commonly used non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug. "	( A report of two deaths from massive ibuprofen ingestion. Holubek, W; Lopez, O; Nelson, L; Nurok, S; Stolbach, A; Wetter, A, 2007)	2.06
"Ibuprofen is a widely used NSAID which is often co-administered with antacids because of its gastro-irritant effects. "	( Rationale for ibuprofen co-administration with antacids: potential interaction mechanisms affecting drug absorption. Corrigan, OI; Parojcić, J, 2008)	2.15
"Ibuprofen is a nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory agent that induces closure of the patent ductus arteriosus in neonates. "	( An optimized ibuprofen dosing scheme for preterm neonates with patent ductus arteriosus, based on a population pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic study. Eisinger, MJ; Hirt, D; Langhendries, JP; Marguglio, A; Schepens, P; Treluyer, JM; Urien, S; Van Overmeire, B, 2008)	2.16
"Ibuprofen is a member of the proprionic acid group of nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAID), with the S-enantiomer being more active than the R-enantiomer. "	( Protein profile in neuroblastoma cells incubated with S- and R-enantiomers of ibuprofen by iTRAQ-coupled 2-D LC-MS/MS analysis: possible action of induced proteins on Alzheimer's disease. Chen, WN; Ching, CB; Sui, J; Zhang, J, 2008)	2.02
"Ibuprofen is a non-steroidal anti-inflammatory agent which is extensively metabolized in both man and the rat. "	( Influence of cimetidine on the disposition of ibuprofen in the rat. Christensen, JM; Parrott, KA, 1984)	1.97
"Ibuprofen is a derivative of propionic acid that was originally marketed in the United States as an antirheumatic agent in 1974. "	( Evaluation of the analgesic efficacy of ibuprofen. Miller, RR, )	1.84
"Ibuprofen, 400 mg, is an effective oral analgesic and is more effective than 100 mg zomepirac and 600 mg aspirin in most parameters of pain."	( Ibuprofen, zomepirac, aspirin, and placebo in the relief of postepisiotomy pain. De Castro, A; De Sarrazin, C; Laska, EM; Olson, NZ; Sunshine, A; Zighelboim, I, 1983)	2.43
"Ibuprofen is an over-the-counter nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug with a low incidence of severe adverse reactions. "	( Disposition and covalent binding of ibuprofen and its acyl glucuronide in the elderly. Castillo, M; Dooley, MA; Lam, YW; Smith, PC; Stahl, E, 1995)	2.01
"Ibuprofen (IB) is a chiral 2-arylpropionic acid derivative used as a nonsteroidal antiinflammatory drug (NSAID). "	( Evidence of absorption rate dependency of ibuprofen inversion in the rat. Jamali, F; Sattari, S, 1994)	2
"Ibuprofen is a non-steroidal analgesic and anti-inflammatory drug widely used in current medical practice. "	( Ibuprofen-induced thrombocytopenia. Jain, S, )	3.02
"Ibuprofen is an effective antipyretic in the postburn period and produces associated decrements in the hypermetabolic response. "	( The pharmacokinetics of ibuprofen after burn injury. Bond, PJ; Caldwell, FT; Cone, JB; Gurley, BJ; Olsen, KM; Wallace, BH, )	1.88
"Ibuprofen is a non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug, available over the counter in most countries at analysis doses (600-1200 mg/day). "	( [Focus on the safety of ibuprofen at the analgesic-antipyretic dose]. Breemeersch, C; Moore, N; Noblet, C, )	1.88
"Ibuprofen is a nonsteroidal antiinflammatory agent with analgesic and antipyretic activity and is an effective, primarily peripheral-acting antiinflammatory analgesic."	( Analgesic efficacy of a hydrocodone with ibuprofen combination compared with ibuprofen alone for the treatment of acute postoperative pain. Doyle, R; O'Neill, E; Olson, NZ; Ramos, I; Sunshine, A, 1997)	1.28
"Ibuprofen is a chiral nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID) of the 2 arylpropionic acid (2-APA) class. "	( Clinical pharmacokinetics of ibuprofen. The first 30 years. Davies, NM, 1998)	2.03
"Ibuprofen is an effective analgesic in post-operative pain. "	( Analgesic efficacy of ibuprofen alone and in combination with codeine or caffeine in post-surgical pain: a meta-analysis. Po, AL; Zhang, WY, 1998)	2.06
"Ibuprofen is an anti-inflammatory agent that inhibits expression of certain cell adhesion molecules and therefore disrupts leukocyte-endothelial cell interactions."	( Inhibition of experimental vasospasm in rats with the periadventitial administration of ibuprofen using controlled-release polymers. Oshiro, EM; Tamargo, RJ; Thai, QA, 1999)	1.25
"Ibuprofen liquigel is a solubilized potassium ibuprofen 200-mg gelatin capsule formulation that was approved for over-the-counter use in 1995."	( Ibuprofen liquigel for oral surgery pain. Cooper, SA; Doyle, G; Hersh, EV; Hong, D; Levin, LM; Secreto, SA; Waksman, J; Wedell, D, 2000)	3.19
"Ibuprofen (MO1AE01) is a suitable means for self-medication with regard to its relatively wide spectrum of indication, good tolerance, and safety. "	( [Use of over-the-counter drugs containing ibuprofen in self-medication]. Macesková, B, 2001)	2.02
"Ibuprofen is a cyclooxygenase (COX-1 and COX-2) inhibitor known to reduce the production of prostaglandins that play prominent role in inflammation. "	( A pleiotropic antiatherogenic action of ibuprofen. Naruszewicz, M; Zapolska-Downar, D, )	1.84
"Ibuprofen is a peripherally acting nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug indicated fo ranalgesia, antipyresis, and various arthritic conditions. "	( Onset of analgesia for liquigel ibuprofen 400 mg, acetaminophen 1000 mg, ketoprofen 25 mg, and placebo in the treatment of postoperative dental pain. Cooper, S; Doyle, G; Jayawardena, S; Marrero, I; Olson, NZ; Otero, AM; Sunshine, A; Tirado, S, 2001)	2.04
"Ibuprofen is a non-selective cyclooxygenase (COX) inhibitor with analgesic, antipyretic and antiinflammatory activity. "	( [Current opinions on embryotoxic and teratogenic effects of ibuprofen]. Bełzek, A; Burdan, F, 2001)	2
"Ibuprofen (Brufen) is a non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug well-established in the symptomatic treatment of rheumatoid arthritis. "	( Experience with high doses of ibuprofen in the long-term treatment of rheumatoid arthritis. Bremova, A; Kankova, D; Kralova, M; Pavelka, K; Susta, A; Vojtisek, O, 1978)	1.99
"Ibuprofen is a nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug used in the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis and osteoarthritis. "	( Ibuprofen in the treatment of acute gouty arthritis. Alepa, FP; Nashel, DJ; Schweitz, MC, 1978)	3.14
"Ibuprofen is a nonsteroidal drug with analgesic, antipyretic, and anti-inflammatory properties that was recently introduced for use in antiarthritis therapy in the United States. "	( Ibuprofen or aspirin in rheumatoid arthritis therapy. April, PA; Blechman, WJ; Brooks, CD; Schmid, FR; Wilson, CH, 1975)	3.14
"Ibuprofen is a new, mild analgesic agent that may be useful in the symptomatic treatment of rheumatoid arthritis and osteoarthritis. "	( Evaluation of ibuprofen (Motrin). A new antirheumatic agent. Lewis, JR, 1975)	2.06
"Ibuprofen is a widely used non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID). "	( Central analgesic activity of ibuprofen. A neurophysiological study in humans. Beretta, A; Capararo, M; Garofoli, F; Nappi, G; Ruiz, L; Sandrini, G, 1992)	2.01
"Ibuprofen is a potent antipyretic agent and is a safe alternative for the selected febrile child who may benefit from antipyretic medication but who either cannot take or does not achieve satisfactory antipyresis with acetaminophen."	( Antipyretic efficacy of ibuprofen vs acetaminophen. Kauffman, RE; Sawyer, LA; Scheinbaum, ML, 1992)	2.03
"Ibuprofen (ibu) is a racemic 2-arylpropionic acid non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug whose activity is due mainly to the S-enantiomer. "	( S-ibuprofen versus ibuprofen-racemate. A randomized double-blind study in patients with rheumatoid arthritis. Bach, GL; Beck, WS; Brune, K; Geisslinger, G; Loew, D; Stock, KP, 1991)	2.45
"Ibuprofen is a widely used cyclo-oxygenase inhibitor in clinical practice. "	( The influence of ibuprofen on fracture repair: biomechanical, biochemical, histologic, and histomorphometric parameters in rats. Friedlaender, GE; Gundberg, CM; Huo, MH; Pelker, RR; Troiano, NW, 1991)	2.06
"Ibuprofen seems to be a potent immunostimulating agent for the treatment of chronic posttraumatic osteitis, which is characterized by depression of cell-mediated immunity."	( [Immunostimulation with ibuprofen in chronic osteitis. An experimental study]. Griga, T; Josten, C; Muhr, G, 1991)	1.31
"Ibuprofen is a chiral drug which is used clinically as a racemate. "	( The relationship between the pharmacokinetics of ibuprofen enantiomers and the dose of racemic ibuprofen in humans. Bochner, F; Evans, AM; Nation, RL; Sansom, LN; Somogyi, AA, )	1.83
"Ibuprofen is an aspirin-like anti-inflammatory drug which appeared as a protective factor against cataract in an Oxford case-control study."	( Ibuprofen, a putative anti-cataract drug, protects the lens against cyanate and galactose. Harding, JJ; Roberts, KA, 1990)	2.44
"S(+)-ibuprofen proved to be an effective analgesic antirheumatic drug in the dose range 1 to 1.5 g/day."	( Pharmacokinetics of S(+)- and R(-)-ibuprofen in volunteers and first clinical experience of S(+)-ibuprofen in rheumatoid arthritis. Bach, GL; Brune, K; Geisslinger, G; Loew, D; Schuster, O; Stock, KP, 1990)	1.01
"Ibuprofen is a potent cyclooxygenase inhibitor known to reduce the production of arachidonic acid metabolites. "	( Ibuprofen in acute-care therapy. Ehrlich, HP; Rockwell, WB, 1990)	3.16
"Ibuprofen-lysinsalt is a universal, well-tolerated analgetic which can also be used to combat arthritic pain."	( [The dynamics of the analgesic effect of non-steroidal antirheumatic drugs. Ibuprofenlysinate versus diclofenac]. Pavelka, K; Trnavsky, K, 1989)	1.23
"R-Ibuprofen was shown to be a substrate for this enzyme while S-ibuprofen and R and S-flurbiprofen were not substrates."	( Chiral inversion of 2-arylpropionic acid non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs--1. In vitro studies of ibuprofen and flurbiprofen. Day, RO; Knihinicki, RD; Williams, KM, 1989)	1.05
"Ibuprofen (IBU) is a non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug exhibiting optical isomerism. "	( Pharmacological differences between R(-)- and S(+)-ibuprofen. Bach, GL; Brune, K; Geisslinger, G; Loew, D; Stock, KP, 1989)	1.97
"Ibuprofen is an appropriate analgesic for treating post-operative dental pain."	( A comparison of ibuprofen and dihydrocodeine in relieving pain following wisdom teeth removal. Evans, CR; Flaum, GR; Frame, JW; Langford, R; Rout, PG, 1989)	1.34
"Ibuprofen is a cyclo-oxygenase inhibitor that is alleged to have additional direct effects on leukocyte function. "	( Effects of ibuprofen on endotoxin-induced alveolitis: biphasic dose response and dissociation between inflammation and hypoxemia. Pennock, B; Rinaldo, JE, 1986)	2.1
"Ibuprofen (IB) is a racemic drug and is administered as such. "	( Pharmacokinetics of ibuprofen enantiomers in humans following oral administration of tablets with different absorption rates. Coutts, RT; Jamali, F; Pasutto, FM; Russell, AS; Singh, NN, 1988)	2.04
"Ibuprofen is a frequently used medication, and possible drug reactions should be familiar to the clinician. "	( Multiple oral petechiae and ecchymoses in a patient with osteoarthritis. Bellome, J; DeBoom, GW; Hiatt, WR; Schelkun, PM, 1987)	1.72
"Ibuprofen is a non-steroidal anti-inflammatory agent which is relatively safe and effective for the treatment of inflammatory disorders, but there are several reports of acute poisoning due to ibuprofen overdosage. "	( Tissue levels of ibuprofen after fatal overdosage of ibuprofen and acetaminophen. Lee, CY; Steinmetz, JC; Wu, AY, 1987)	2.06
"Ibuprofen is a 2-arylpropionic acid anti-inflammatory agent that undergoes stereoselective chiral inversion (R to S configuration) as well as oxidative metabolism in humans and rats. "	( Ibuprofen stereoisomer hepatic clearance and distribution in normal and fatty in situ perfused rat liver. Cox, JW; Cox, SR; Ruwart, MJ; VanGiessen, G, 1985)	3.15

Effects

Ibuprofen has an extensive presence in surface water with risks for the aquatic biota. Ibuproen has an advantageous benefit-risk ratio profile compared with codeine.

Ibuprofen (IBU) has been used recently for the treatment of patent ductus arteriosus (PDA) in Japan. Ibuproen has an extensive presence in surface water with risks for the aquatic biota. Ib uprofen has been considered as one of emergent pharmaceutical contaminants in environments.

Excerpt	Reference	Relevance
"Ibuprofen has an extensive presence in surface water with risks for the aquatic biota."	( Ibuprofen as an emerging pollutant on non-target aquatic invertebrates: Effects on Chironomus riparius. Muñiz-González, AB, 2021)	2.79
"Ibuprofen has an advantageous benefit-risk ratio profile compared with codeine."	( Ibuprofen concentrations in human mature milk--first data about pharmacokinetics study in breast milk with AOR-10127 "Antalait" study. Amirouche, A; Bruneau, A; de Villepin, B; Florent, A; Magny, JF; Rigourd, V; Seraissol, P; Serreau, R; Urien, S, 2014)	2.57
"Ibuprofen typically has a needle shaped morphology."	( Effect of particle properties on the flowability of ibuprofen powders. Bentham, AC; Howes, T; Litster, JD; Liu, LX; Marziano, I; White, ET, 2008)	1.32
"Ibuprofen has a more important effect in limiting adhesion formation compared with rofecoxib after flexor tendon repair. "	( Effects of nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs on flexor tendon adhesion. Capo, J; Cottrell, JA; Meyenhofer, M; Nourbakhsh, A; O'Connor, JP; Tan, V, 2010)	1.8
"Ibuprofen has been also proposed for the prevention of HO following THA."	( Efficacy of ibuprofen and indomethacin as prophylaxis of heterotopic ossification: a comparative study. Bell, A; Eschweiler, J; Hildebrand, F; Maffulli, N; Migliorini, F; Schneider, J, 2023)	2.01
"Ibuprofen (IBU) has been used recently for the treatment of patent ductus arteriosus (PDA) in Japan. "	( The influence on renal function of ibuprofen treatment for patent ductus arteriosus in extremely low birthweight infants. Matsuda, A; Nishizaki, N; Obinata, K; Shimizu, T; Watanabe, A; Yoneyama, T, 2020)	2.28
"Ibuprofen has less effect on blood flow velocity to important organs."	( Ibuprofen for the prevention of patent ductus arteriosus in preterm and/or low birth weight infants. Ohlsson, A; Shah, SS, 2020)	2.72
"Ibuprofen has an extensive presence in surface water with risks for the aquatic biota."	( Ibuprofen as an emerging pollutant on non-target aquatic invertebrates: Effects on Chironomus riparius. Muñiz-González, AB, 2021)	2.79
"Ibuprofen (IBU) has been considered as one of emergent pharmaceutical contaminants in environments due to its occurrences in natural water bodies. "	( Ibuprofen biodegradation by hospital, municipal, and distillery activated sludges. Cf, H; Cy, H; Hw, K; Jp, W; Lh, F; Mh, S, 2020)	3.44
"Ibuprofen has less effect on blood flow velocity to important organs."	( Ibuprofen for the prevention of patent ductus arteriosus in preterm and/or low birth weight infants. Ohlsson, A; Shah, SS, 2019)	2.68
"Ibuprofen has marked anti-inflammatory, analgesic, and antipyretic effects, which along with its good tolerability, predictability of side effects, and a low risk of complications, allows it to be widely use in clinical practice."	( [Ibuprofen: safety and efficiency of its use in wide clinical practice]. Andrushchishina, TB; Antipova, EK; Morozova, TE, 2013)	2.02
"Ibuprofen (IBU) has been available as a topical skin preparation for more than two decades. "	( Delivery of ibuprofen to the skin. Bell, M; Inchley, A; Lane, ME; O'Connor, C; Patel, A; Wibawa, J, 2013)	2.21
"Oral ibuprofen has demonstrated good effects on symptomatic patent ductus arteriosus (PDA) but with many contraindications and potential side-effects. "	( Comparison of oral paracetamol versus ibuprofen in premature infants with patent ductus arteriosus: a randomized controlled trial. Dang, D; Wang, D; Wu, H; Zhang, C; Zhou, Q; Zhou, W, 2013)	1.17
"Ibuprofen (IBU) has proved as effective as indomethacin in the pharmacological closure of hemodynamically significant patent ductus arteriosus (HsPDA), with an efficacy inversely related to gestational age (57-89%)."	( Continuous infusion of ibuprofen for treatment of patent ductus arteriosus in very low birth weight infants. Chiandetti, L; Frigo, AC; Lago, P; Opocher, F; Ricato, S; Salvadori, S, 2014)	2.16
"Ibuprofen has an advantageous benefit-risk ratio profile compared with codeine."	( Ibuprofen concentrations in human mature milk--first data about pharmacokinetics study in breast milk with AOR-10127 "Antalait" study. Amirouche, A; Bruneau, A; de Villepin, B; Florent, A; Magny, JF; Rigourd, V; Seraissol, P; Serreau, R; Urien, S, 2014)	2.57
"Ibuprofen has the most favourable risk/benefit ratio."	( Clinical pharmacology of ibuprofen and indomethacin in preterm infants with patent ductus arteriosus. Pacifici, GM, 2014)	1.43
"Ibuprofen has been suggested for use in treating bladder cancer. "	( Ibuprofen regulates the expression and function of membrane-associated serine proteases prostasin and matriptase. Chai, AC; Chai, KX; Chen, LM; Robinson, AL, 2015)	3.3
"Ibuprofen liquigel has been believed to provide faster analgesic effect. "	( Onset of Action and Efficacy of Ibuprofen Liquigel as Compared to Solid Tablets: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. Jamali, F; Lawati, HA, )	1.86
"Ibuprofen typically has a needle shaped morphology."	( Effect of particle properties on the flowability of ibuprofen powders. Bentham, AC; Howes, T; Litster, JD; Liu, LX; Marziano, I; White, ET, 2008)	1.32
"Ibuprofen lysine has demonstrated significantly less effects on cerebral, renal, and mesenteric blood flow in premature neonates when compared with indomethacin."	( Ibuprofen lysine for the prevention and treatment of patent ductus arteriosus. Pai, VB; Puthoff, TD; Sakadjian, A, 2008)	2.51
"Ibuprofen has now been shown in two long-term clinical trials to slow disease progression, with real-world clinical use supporting its effectiveness. "	( Ibuprofen therapy for cystic fibrosis lung disease: revisited. Konstan, MW, 2008)	3.23
"Oral ibuprofen suspension has been shown to have the same efficacy and safety as intravenous indomethacin in the prevention and treatment of symptomatic PDA."	( Prophylaxis of symptomatic patent ductus arteriosus with oral ibuprofen in very low birth weight infants. Ayudhaya, JK; Kanjanapattanakul, W; Khorana, M; Lertsutthiwong, W; Sangtawesin, C; Sangtawesin, V, 2008)	1.04
"Ibuprofen has been shown to reduce cerebral ischemic injury, such as may occur after deep hypothermic circulatory arrest. "	( Ibuprofen for neuroprotection after cerebral ischemia. Iwata, Y; Jonas, RA; Nicole, O; Okamura, T; Zurakowski, D, 2010)	3.25
"Ibuprofen has a more important effect in limiting adhesion formation compared with rofecoxib after flexor tendon repair. "	( Effects of nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs on flexor tendon adhesion. Capo, J; Cottrell, JA; Meyenhofer, M; Nourbakhsh, A; O'Connor, JP; Tan, V, 2010)	1.8
"Ibuprofen-treatment has no effect on the expression of genes that regulate pulmonary inflammation but does increase the expression of alpha-ENaC (the transepithelial sodium channel that is critical for alveolar water clearance)."	( Patent ductus arteriosus ligation alters pulmonary gene expression in preterm baboons. Clyman, RI; McCurnin, DC; Shaul, PW; Waleh, N; Yoder, BA, 2011)	1.09
"Ibuprofen has less effect on blood flow velocity to important organs."	( Ibuprofen for the prevention of patent ductus arteriosus in preterm and/or low birth weight infants. Ohlsson, A; Shah, SS, 2011)	2.53
"Ibuprofen has been recognized as an environmental endocrine disruptor due to its ability to interfere with prostaglandin synthesis. "	( [Recent advances in microbial degradation of ibuprofen--a review]. Liu, J; Qu, D; Wei, Y, 2011)	2.07
"Oral ibuprofen has been shown to be associated with excellent patent ductus arteriosus (PDA) closure rates and a favourable safety profile, but limited data exist regarding its pharmacokinetics in preterm infants."	( Pharmacokinetics of oral ibuprofen for patent ductus arteriosus closure in preterm infants. Baram, S; Barzilay, B; Batash, D; Berkovitch, M; Goldman, M; Heyman, E; Keidar, R; Youngster, I, 2012)	1.2
"Ibuprofen has been found to result in approximately 50-60% improvement over placebo in WOMAC scores, including those reflecting inflammatory joint pain in knee and hip OA or other indices of pain, disability and impaired function."	( Osteoarthritis of the knee and hip. Part II: therapy with ibuprofen and a review of clinical trials. Adatia, A; Kean, WF; Rainsford, KD, 2012)	1.34
"R(-)-ibuprofen has effects on leucocytes, suggesting that ibuprofen has anti-leucocyte effects, which underlie its anti-inflammatory actions."	( Ibuprofen: from invention to an OTC therapeutic mainstay. Rainsford, KD, 2013)	2.29
"Ibuprofen has been shown to have beneficial physiological effects when used as a treatment."	( Effects of ibuprofen on the physiology and outcome of rabbit endotoxic shock. Akbulut, A; Canbaz, M; Celik, I; Felek, S; Kilic, SS; Rahman, A; Vural, P, 2002)	1.43
"Ibuprofen oral drop has the same pesticide effect as that of ibuprofen tablet."	( [Experimental research on drug evaluation of ibuprofen oral drop]. Zhan, DZ; Zhu, ZG, 2002)	2.02
"Ibuprofen 400 mg has been shown to be as effective as aspirin 600 or 900 mg/day in models of moderate pain but superior to aspirin or paracetamol in more sensitive models such as dental pain."	( Review of the analgesic efficacy of ibuprofen. Beaver, WT, 2003)	1.32
"Ibuprofen has been shown to be more effective than placebo in the treatment of high altitude headache (HAH), but nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory agents have been linked to increased incidence of gastrointestinal (GI) side effects and high-altitude pulmonary edema (HAPE). "	( High altitude headache: efficacy of acetaminophen vs. ibuprofen in a randomized, controlled trial. Harris, NS; Thomas, SH; Wenzel, RP, 2003)	2.01
"Ibuprofen has been shown to be effective in closing a PDA without reducing blood flow velocity to the brain, gut or kidneys."	( Ibuprofen for the prevention of patent ductus arteriosus in preterm and/or low birth weight infants. Ohlsson, A; Shah, SS, 2003)	2.48
"Ibuprofen has the same efficiency as indomethacin for the treatment of symptomatic patent ductus arteriosus in preterm infants and less likely to induce necrotizing enterocolitis and renal toxicity than indomethacin."	( A comparison of oral ibuprofen and intravenous indomethacin for closure of patent ductus arteriosus in preterm infants. Chotigeat, U; Jirapapa, K; Layangkool, T, 2003)	2.08
"Ibuprofen (IBU) has previously been shown to be as effective as indomethacin (INDO) in closing the patent ductus arteriosus (PDA) of preterm infants, without severely affecting renal hemodynamics or basal cerebral blood flow. "	( A meta-analysis of ibuprofen versus indomethacin for closure of patent ductus arteriosus. Aranda, JV; Parker, GC; Thomas, RL; Van Overmeire, B, 2005)	2.1
"Ibuprofen has been shown to be an effective antipyretic and postoperative analgesic drug both in adults and children with few side effects."	( Perioperative pharmacokinetics of ibuprofen enantiomers after rectal administration. Kyllönen, M; Olkkola, KT; Ryhänen, P; Seppälä, T, 2005)	1.33
"Ibuprofen has been shown to inhibit intercellular adhesion molecule-1 upregulation and prevent vasospasm in animal models of SAH."	( Local delivery of ibuprofen via controlled-release polymers prevents angiographic vasospasm in a monkey model of subarachnoid hemorrhage. Clatterbuck, RE; Gailloud, P; Legnani, FG; Murphy, KP; Pradilla, G; Tamargo, RJ; Thai, QA, 2005)	1.38
"Ibuprofen has recently been shown to be effective in closing PDA with fewer hemodynamic effects."	( [Ibuprofen versus indomethacin in the treatment of patent ductus arteriosus in preterm infants]. Cano Sánchez, A; Carrasco Moreno, JI; Fernández Gilino, C; Gimeno Navarro, A; Gutiérrez Laso, A; Izquierdo Macián, I; Morcillo Sopena, F, 2005)	1.96
"Ibuprofen has been shown to be effective in closing a PDA without reducing blood flow velocity to the brain, gut or kidneys."	( Ibuprofen for the prevention of patent ductus arteriosus in preterm and/or low birth weight infants. Ohlsson, A; Shah, SS, 2006)	2.5
"Ibuprofen has higher impact on the PC and SM head group ( - N(+)(CH(3))(3)) and - (CH(2))(n) - group in HDL than that in LDL."	( 1H NMR investigation on interaction between ibuprofen and lipoproteins. Lan, W; Liu, M; Ye, C; Zhou, Z; Zhu, H, 2007)	1.32
"Ibuprofen has been shown to be as effective as indomethacin with fewer renal side effects."	( Early postnatal ibuprofen and indomethacin effects in suckling and weanling rat kidneys. Abad-Santos, M; Abad-Santos, P; Aranda, JV; Beharry, KD; Gharraee, Z; Hasan, J; Modanlou, HD; Stavitsky, Y, 2008)	1.41
"Ibuprofen has been used as a drug model to study the electrostatic and hydrophobic interactions with these nanogels at different pH values."	( Lysozyme-dextran core-shell nanogels prepared via a green process. Jiang, M; Li, J; Yao, P; Yu, S, 2008)	1.07
"Ibuprofen has been proposed as a preferential alternative to indomethacin in treating patent ductus arteriosus (PDA), because it is purported to have less renal, mesenteric, and cerebral vasoconstrictive effects. "	( Ibuprofen versus continuous indomethacin in premature neonates with patent ductus arteriosus: is the difference in the mode of administration? Bromiker, R; Hammerman, C; Jacobson, S; Kaplan, M; Nir, A; Schimmel, MS; Shchors, I, 2008)	3.23
"Ibuprofen has been chosen as model drug."	( SBA-15 ordered mesoporous silica inside a bioactive glass-ceramic scaffold for local drug delivery. Cauda, V; Croce, G; Fiorilli, S; Garrone, E; Milanesio, M; Onida, B; Vernè, E; Vitale Brovarone, C; Viterbo, D, 2008)	1.07
"Ibuprofen has been implicated previously in only five cases of aseptic meningitis--all in patients with an underlying autoimmune disease."	( Eosinophilic meningitis and ibuprofen therapy. Caplan, LR; Quinn, JP; Weinstein, RA, 1984)	1.28
"Ibuprofen has recently been introduced as over-the-counter drug in several countries. "	( Ibuprofen as an over-the-counter drug: is there a risk for renal injury? Brune, K; Goerig, M; Luft, FC; Mann, JF, 1993)	3.17
"Ibuprofen has previously, after ingestion by man, been demonstrated to yield four major phase I metabolites, which are excreted in the urine partly as glucuronic acid conjugates. "	( Simultaneous quantitative determination of the major phase I and II metabolites of ibuprofen in biological fluids by high-performance liquid chromatography on dynamically modified silica. Hansen, SH; Kepp, DR; Sidelmann, UG; Tjørnelund, J, 1997)	1.96
"Ibuprofen has been shown in vitro to modulate production of nitric oxide (NO), a mediator of sepsis-induced hypotension. "	( Down-regulation of nitric oxide production by ibuprofen in human volunteers. Banks, SM; Danner, RL; Eidsath, A; Godin, PJ; Leighton, SB; Preas, HL; Suffredini, AF; Vandivier, RW, 1999)	2
"Ibuprofen and naproxen have been quantified in tablets by capillary isotachophoresis. "	( Determination of ibuprofen and naproxen in tablets. Cakrt, M; Hercegová, A; Polonský, J; Sádecká, J; Skacáni, I, 2001)	2.09
"Ibuprofen has been shown to be effective in rheumatoid arthritis and osteoarthritis and is probably effective in ankylosing spondylitis, gout, and Bartter's syndrome."	( Ibuprofen. Kantor, TG, 1979)	2.42
"Ibuprofen, which has similar effects to those of methylprednisolone on PMN aggregation and receptor function, caused a fluidizing rather than a stiffening of the membrane; this surprising result may indicate that there is a critical range of membrane fluidity for normal function, outside of which--in either direction--agonist receptor dysfunction occurs."	( Steroids decrease granulocyte membrane fluidity, while phorbol ester increases membrane fluidity. Studies using electron paramagnetic resonance. Hammerschmidt, DE; Jacob, HS; Knabe, AC; Lamche, HR; Silberstein, PT; Thomas, DD, 1990)	1
"Ibuprofen has important implications for postoperative pain in clinical practice."	( Multicenter clinical trial of ibuprofen and acetaminophen in the treatment of postoperative dental pain. Helfrick, JF; Leibold, DG; Markowitz, R; Mehlisch, DR; Schow, CE; Shultz, R; Sollecito, WA; Waite, DE, 1990)	1.29
"Ibuprofen has protected against cataract in the models of cataractogenesis in this study."	( Ibuprofen, a putative anti-cataract drug, protects the lens against cyanate and galactose. Harding, JJ; Roberts, KA, 1990)	2.44
"Ibuprofen has also been found to decrease leukocyte adherence."	( Effects of ibuprofen on neutrophil function and acute lung injury in canine endotoxin shock. Balk, RA; Bone, RC; Jacobs, RF; Townsend, JW; Tryka, AF; Walls, RC, 1988)	1.39
"Ibuprofen has wide applications in the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis and osteoarthroses as an effective non-steroidal antiinflammatory drug. "	( Rapid HPLC-determination of ibuprofen and flurbiprofen in plasma for therapeutic drug control and pharmacokinetic applications. Askholt, J; Nielsen-Kudsk, F, 1986)	2.01
"Ibuprofen has gained widespread acceptance for the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis and other inflammatory disorders. "	( Ibuprofen in the treatment of uveitis. Coniglione, TC; March, WF, 1985)	3.15

Actions

Ibuprofen did not cause significant increases in the incidences of bleeding, epigastric pain, and vomiting. Ib uprofen protected the increase of myo-inositol at six months of age in the hippocampus, but had no effect at 17-23 months. Ibuproen appears to lower orthodontic pain compared to placebo at 2 and 6 h after separators or archwire placement, but not at 24 h when pain peaks.

Excerpt	Reference	Relevance
"Ibuprofen did not cause significant increases in the incidences of bleeding, epigastric pain, and vomiting."	( The Analgesic Effects of the Addition of Intravenous Ibuprofen to a Multimodal Analgesia Regimen for Pain Management After Pediatric Cardiac Surgery: A Randomized Controlled Study. Abdelbaser, I; Abo-Zeid, M; Hayes, S; Taman, HI, 2023)	1.88
"Ibuprofen protected the increase of myo-inositol at six months of age in the hippocampus, but had no effect at 17-23 months of age (a time when Aβ is extracellular)."	( The effects of aging, housing and ibuprofen treatment on brain neurochemistry in a triple transgene Alzheimer's disease mouse model using magnetic resonance spectroscopy and imaging. Aytan, N; Carreras, I; Choi, JK; Dedeoglu, A; Jenkins, BG; Jenkins-Sahlin, E, 2014)	1.4
"Ibuprofen did not inhibit wound-induced resistance at the local level, but inhibited wound-induced systemic susceptibility."	( Wounding induces local resistance but systemic susceptibility to Botrytis cinerea in pepper plants. Díaz, J; Gago-Fuentes, R; García, T; Gutiérrez, J; Veloso, J, 2015)	1.14
"Ibuprofen was found to lower the bending modulus at all pH values."	( Effect of pH and ibuprofen on the phospholipid bilayer bending modulus. Boggara, MB; Faraone, A; Krishnamoorti, R, 2010)	1.42
"Ibuprofen blocked the increase in hypoxic ventilation observed in chronically hypoxic rats treated with saline; ibuprofen had no effects on ventilation in normoxic control rats."	( Ibuprofen blocks time-dependent increases in hypoxic ventilation in rats. Fu, Z; Go, A; Popa, D; Powell, FL, 2011)	2.53
"Ibuprofen appears to lower orthodontic pain compared to placebo at 2 and 6 h after separators or archwire placement, but not at 24 h, when pain peaks."	( Pharmacological management of pain during orthodontic treatment: a meta-analysis. Angelopoulou, MV; Halazonetis, DJ; Vlachou, V, 2012)	1.82
"Ibuprofen and naproxen inhibit ASA's antithrombocyte effect below the nonresponse threshold. "	( Interference of NSAIDs with the thrombocyte inhibitory effect of aspirin: a placebo-controlled, ex vivo, serial placebo-controlled serial crossover study. Kasemier, J; Meek, IL; Movig, KL; van de Laar, MA; Vonkeman, HE, 2013)	1.83
"Ibuprofen appears to increase survival in endotoxic shock-induced animals. "	( Effects of ibuprofen on the physiology and outcome of rabbit endotoxic shock. Akbulut, A; Canbaz, M; Celik, I; Felek, S; Kilic, SS; Rahman, A; Vural, P, 2002)	2.15
"Ibuprofen inhibit the enzyme cyclo-oxygenase and thereby block the prostaglandin synthesis in the kidneys."	( The effect of the cyclooxygenase blockers, ibuprofen on the development of glomeruli in Sprague-Dawley rats. Akinola, O; Kusemiju, O; Noronha, C; Okanlawon, OA; Oremosu, A, 2003)	1.3
"Dexibuprofen showed a lower rate of gastroduodenal and intestinal mucosal injury. "	( Modification of pepsinogen I levels and their correlation with gastrointestinal injury after administration of dexibuprofen, ibuprofen or diclofenac: a randomized, open-label, controlled clinical trial. Blasco, M; Caunedo, A; Esteban, J; Gómez, BJ; Hergueta, P; Herrerías, JM; Pellicer, FJ; Redondo, L; Rodríguez-Téllez, M; Romero, R; Sáenz-Dana, M, 2006)	1.17
"Ibuprofen may inhibit lung cancer progression."	( Factors associated with human small aggressive non small cell lung cancer. Berg, CD; Church, TR; Freedman, MT; Hocking, WG; Hu, P; Kvale, PA; Oken, MM; Prorok, PC; Ragard, LR; Riley, TL; Tammemagi, CM, 2007)	1.06
"Ibuprofen could inhibit cardiac Na+ and Ca2+ channels as it slows V(max) in both fast- and slowresponse AP. "	( Possible arrhythmiogenic mechanism produced by ibuprofen. Li, CZ; Liu, YM; Wang, HW; Yang, ZF; Zhang, Y; Zheng, YQ, 2008)	2.05
"Ibuprofen appeared to inhibit the formation of significant adhesions as compared with adhesion formation in untreated control animals, and the results seemed as effective as in the dexamethasone-treated animals."	( Prevention of postoperative adhesions in rabbits with ibuprofen, a nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory agent. Kontopoulos, V; Siegler, AM; Wang, CF, 1980)	1.23
"Ibuprofen abolished the increase in EVC."	( Effect of the platelet-activating factor antagonist, TCV-309, and the cyclo-oxygenase inhibitor, ibuprofen, on the haemodynamic changes in canine experimental endotoxic shock. Iwao, H; Kim, S; Miura, K; Yamanaka, S; Yukimura, T, 1993)	1.22
"Ibuprofen prevented the increase in saturation and the reduction in contraction with a trend opposing the increase in nucleation and growth."	( Effects of ursodiol or ibuprofen on contraction of gallbladder and bile among obese patients during weight loss. Bonorris, GG; Marks, JW; Schoenfield, LJ, 1996)	1.33
"Ibuprofen may increase the risk of bilirubin encephalopathy when used in sick, premature infants."	( Does ibuprofen affect bilirubin-albumin binding in newborn infant serum? Brodersen, R; Cooper-Peel, C; Robertson, A, 1996)	1.53
"Ibuprofen did not inhibit the action of furosemide to improve medullary pO2 in younger subjects."	( Effects of furosemide on medullary oxygenation in younger and older subjects. Epstein, FH; Prasad, P, 2000)	1.03
"Ibuprofen did not increase the pulmonary burden of Pseudomonas, and the ibuprofen-treated infected animals gained weight better than placebo-treated controls."	( Ibuprofen attenuates the inflammatory response to Pseudomonas aeruginosa in a rat model of chronic pulmonary infection. Implications for antiinflammatory therapy in cystic fibrosis. Davis, PB; Konstan, MW; Vargo, KM, 1990)	2.44
"Ibuprofen also did not increase brequinar's antitumor potency."	( Effects of plasma protein binding displacement on the pharmacokinetics, tissue and tumor concentrations and efficacy of brequinar, a highly protein-bound antitumor agent. Aungst, BJ; Blake, JA; Dusak, BA; Rogers, NJ, 1990)	1
"Ibuprofen rarely causes lower gastrointestinal adverse reactions but has been implicated in systemic and local side effects in patients with lupus."	( Ulcerative proctitis in juvenile systemic lupus erythematosus after ibuprofen treatment. Khoury, MI, 1989)	1.23
"Ibuprofen did not increase survival in this model."	( The role of feces, necrotic tissue, and various blocking agents in the prevention of adhesions. Cha, SO; O'Leary, JP; Wickbom, A; Wickbom, G, 1988)	1
"Both ibuprofen and ethanol cause in the digestive tract functional and morphological changes."	( Effect of simultaneous administration of ibuprofen and ethanol on the alkaline phosphatase activity in the small intestine. Gawlik, Z; Sasinowska-Motyl, M; Wiśniewska, IE, 1985)	0.99

Treatment

Ibuprofen-treated mice also lost less weight during the treatment period than all other doxorubicin injected animals (p less than 10(-6). Ibuproven-treated dogs required less NaHCO3 for acid-base maintenance than did dual-blocked animals.

Excerpt	Reference	Relevance
"Ibuprofen treatment reduced the pro-inflammatory response in FGR piglets, reducing the number of activated microglia and enhancing astrocyte interaction with blood vessels."	( Neurovascular Unit Alterations in the Growth-Restricted Newborn Are Improved Following Ibuprofen Treatment. Bjorkman, ST; Chand, KK; Colditz, PB; Cowin, GJ; Miller, SM; Mohanty, L; Pienaar, J; Wixey, JA, 2022)	1.67
"Ibuprofen treatment increases the risk for death in preterm infants with NEC."	( [Clinical features and outcomes of neonatal necrotizing enterocolitis]. Gan, X; Li, J; Mao, J, 2019)	1.96
"Ibuprofen treatment significantly attenuated the variation (Δ) in CRE following first immunization in these infants but the current study could not demonstrate an impact on CRP and PgE2 levels."	( Cardio-respiratory Events and Inflammatory Response After Primary Immunization in Preterm Infants < 32 Weeks Gestational Age: A Randomized Controlled Study. Ben Jmaa, W; Cloutier, A; Germain, N; Hernández, AI; Lachance, C; Lebel, MH; Martin, B; Nuyt, AM; Pladys, P; Sutherland, MR, 2017)	1.18
"Ibuprofen, used for the treatment of acute and chronic pain, osteoarthritis, rheumatoid arthritis, and related conditions has ample affinity to globular proteins. "	( Binding of ibuprofen to human hemoglobin: elucidation of their molecular recognition by spectroscopy, calorimetry, and molecular modeling techniques. Haldar, R; Roy, A; Seal, P; Sikdar, J, 2018)	2.31
"Ibuprofen treatment did not affect the range of motion, 0.148 ≤P ≤ 0.963."	( No influence of ibuprofen on bone healing after Colles' fracture - A randomized controlled clinical trial. Aliuskevicius, M; Rasmussen, S; Østgaard, SE, 2019)	1.58
"Ibuprofen treatment demonstrated a tramadol-sparing effect during the postoperative period. "	( No influence of ibuprofen on bone healing after Colles' fracture - A randomized controlled clinical trial. Aliuskevicius, M; Rasmussen, S; Østgaard, SE, 2019)	2.3
"ibuprofen treatment and gestational age of 23-24 versus 25-28 weeks increased closure failure, while less severe RDS and maternal clinical chorioamnionitis decreased it."	( Patent ductus arteriosus in preterm infants born at 23-24 weeks' gestation: Should we pay more attention? Boni, L; Capasso, L; Corvaglia, L; Cresi, F; Dani, C; Del Vecchio, A; Fanos, V; Laforgia, N; Lago, P; Lista, G; Maffei, G; Mosca, F; Paolillo, P; Trevisanuto, D, 2019)	1.24
"And ibuprofen treatment did not negatively influence renal and mesenteric oxygenation and extraction in infants with PDA (p > 0.05)."	( Renal and mesenteric tissue oxygenation in preterm infants treated with oral ibuprofen. Altug, N; Dilmen, U; Guzoglu, N; Oguz, SS; Ozdemir, R; Sari, FN; Uras, N, 2014)	1.11
"Ibuprofen treatment was administered to patients with patent ductus arteriosus."	( "Shunt index" can be used to predict clinically significant patent ductus arteriosus in premature neonates in early post-natal life. Ecevit, A; Gökdemir, M; Gülcan, H; Ince, DA; Tarcan, A; Törer, B; Yapakçı, E, 2014)	1.12
"Ibuprofen treatment blocked exercise-induced increases in COX-1 and COX-2-derived prostanoids but also resulted in off-target reductions in leukotriene biosynthesis, and a diminished proresolving lipid mediator response."	( Human inflammatory and resolving lipid mediator responses to resistance exercise and ibuprofen treatment. Cameron-Smith, D; Lingard, BS; Maddipati, KR; Markworth, JF; Rupasinghe, TW; Sinclair, AJ; Tull, DL; Vella, L, 2013)	1.34
"Ibuprofen treatment was given to 15 paracetamol-treated and to 26 control infants (p = 0.013)."	( Early paracetamol treatment associated with lowered risk of persistent ductus arteriosus in very preterm infants. Aikio, O; Hallman, M; Härkin, P; Saarela, T, 2014)	1.12
"Ibuprofen treatment preserved trabecular bone quality by reducing osteoclasts and bone inflammatory cytokines, and improving muscle pulling forces on bones as a result of reduced nerve inflammation."	( Bone loss from high repetitive high force loading is prevented by ibuprofen treatment. Barbe, MF; Barr-Gillespie, AE; Clark, BD; Jain, NX; Kietrys, DM; Litvin, J; Popoff, SN; Wade, CK, 2014)	1.36
"Ibuprofen treatment prevented sustained elevation of MEK-ERK signaling at 3 h (p-ERK1/2, p-RSK, p-Mnk1, p-p70S6K Thr421/Ser424) and 24 h (p-ERK1/2) postexercise, and this was associated with suppressed phosphorylation of ribosomal protein S6 (Ser235/236 and Ser240/244)."	( Ibuprofen treatment blunts early translational signaling responses in human skeletal muscle following resistance exercise. Cameron-Smith, D; Figueiredo, VC; Markworth, JF; Vella, LD, 2014)	2.57
"Ibuprofen treatment of polarized CFBE41o(-) monolayers increased the short-circuit current (Isc) response to stimulation."	( Ibuprofen rescues mutant cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator trafficking. Carlile, GW; Goepp, J; Hanrahan, JW; Kus, B; Liao, J; Macknight, SD; Matthes, E; Robert, R; Rotin, D; Thomas, DY, 2015)	2.58
"Ibuprofen pretreatment significantly reduced the HVZP ventilation-induced increase in pulmonary protein leak, wet-to-dry weight ratio, bronchoalveolar lavage fluid interleukin-6 and RANTES levels, and lung GEF-H1, RhoA activity, p-ERM/total ERM, and p-MLC protein expression."	( Ibuprofen protects ventilator-induced lung injury by downregulating Rho-kinase activity in rats. Chen, CM; Chou, HC; Huang, LT; Lin, CH, 2014)	3.29
"Ibuprofen treatment led to a stronger inhibition of cell growth and migration than treatment with diclofenac. "	( Ibuprofen and Diclofenac Restrict Migration and Proliferation of Human Glioma Cells by Distinct Molecular Mechanisms. Bogdahn, U; Grauer, OM; Hau, P; Jachnik, B; Kreutz, M; Leidgens, V; Leukel, P; Seliger, C; Vollmann-Zwerenz, A; Welz, T, 2015)	3.3
"Ibuprofen treatment reduced skeletal muscle wasting, inflammation in the brain, and fatigue- and depressive-like behavior in tumor-bearing mice. "	( Ibuprofen ameliorates fatigue- and depressive-like behavior in tumor-bearing mice. Bicer, S; Devine, RD; Godbout, JP; McCarthy, DO; Norden, DM; Reiser, PJ; Wold, LE, 2015)	3.3
"Ibuprofen treatment causes mitochondrial abnormalities and releases cytochrome c into cytosol."	( Ibuprofen Induces Mitochondrial-Mediated Apoptosis Through Proteasomal Dysfunction. Amanullah, A; Chhangani, D; Joshi, V; Mishra, A; Mishra, R; Upadhyay, A, 2016)	2.6
"Ibuprofen treatment also restores microtubule-dependent intracellular transport monitored by measuring intracellular cholesterol transport."	( Ibuprofen regulation of microtubule dynamics in cystic fibrosis epithelial cells. Corey, DA; Cotton, CU; Endres, T; Kampman, CM; Kelley, TJ; Rymut, SM, 2016)	2.6
"Ibuprofen-treated APP23 mice performed significantly better than their sham-treated counterparts and almost attained the same level of performance as control animals on a complex visual-spatial learning task."	( Ibuprofen modifies cognitive disease progression in an Alzheimer's mouse model. Coen, K; De Deyn, PP; Van Dam, D, 2010)	2.52
"Ibuprofen treatment significantly reduced microglia area in cortex and hippocampus but not beta-amyloid burden."	( CHF5074, a novel gamma-secretase modulator, attenuates brain beta-amyloid pathology and learning deficit in a mouse model of Alzheimer's disease. Cenacchi, V; Facchinetti, F; Hutter-Paier, B; Imbimbo, BP; Lanzillotta, A; Pizzi, M; Villetti, G; Volta, R; Windisch, M, 2009)	1.07
"Ibuprofen treatment caused persistence of cartilage within the fracture callus and reduced peak torque at 6 weeks after osteotomy as compared to the fibulas from the placebo-treated rabbits."	( A comparison of the effects of ibuprofen and rofecoxib on rabbit fibula osteotomy healing. Bontempo, N; Capo, JT; Cottrell, JA; Manigrasso, MB; O'Connor, JP; Parsons, JR; Tan, V, 2009)	1.36
"Ibuprofen treatment appeared to delay bone healing based upon the persistence of cartilage within the fracture callus and diminished shear modulus."	( A comparison of the effects of ibuprofen and rofecoxib on rabbit fibula osteotomy healing. Bontempo, N; Capo, JT; Cottrell, JA; Manigrasso, MB; O'Connor, JP; Parsons, JR; Tan, V, 2009)	1.36
"Each ibuprofen-treated infant was matched to two controls."	( The renal adverse effects of ibuprofen are not mediated by AQP2 water channels. Aperia, A; Hascoët, JM; Vieux, R; Zelenina, M, 2010)	1.11
"Ibuprofen treatment for PDA closure in the preterm baboon neonate is not associated with any increased risk of neuropathology or alterations to brain growth and development."	( Ibuprofen treatment for closure of patent ductus arteriosus is not associated with increased risk of neuropathology. Clyman, RI; Inder, TE; Loeliger, M; McCurnin, D; Rees, SM; Shields, A; Yoder, B, 2010)	2.52
"Ibuprofen treatment reduced levels of lipid peroxidation, tyrosine nitration, and protein oxidation, demonstrating a dramatic effect on oxidative damage in vivo."	( Ibuprofen attenuates oxidative damage through NOX2 inhibition in Alzheimer's disease. Cramer, PE; Herrup, K; Jiang, Q; Lamb, BT; Landreth, GE; Reed-Geaghan, E; Szabo, A; Varvel, NH; Wilkinson, BL, 2012)	2.54
"Ibuprofen-treatment has no effect on the expression of genes that regulate pulmonary inflammation but does increase the expression of alpha-ENaC (the transepithelial sodium channel that is critical for alveolar water clearance)."	( Patent ductus arteriosus ligation alters pulmonary gene expression in preterm baboons. Clyman, RI; McCurnin, DC; Shaul, PW; Waleh, N; Yoder, BA, 2011)	1.09
"Ibuprofen treatment also prevented the HI-induced loss O4- and O1-positive oligodendrocyte progenitor cells and myelin basic protein (MBP)-positive myelin content one week after P3 HI."	( Ibuprofen inhibits neuroinflammation and attenuates white matter damage following hypoxia-ischemia in the immature rodent brain. Buller, KM; Carty, ML; Colditz, PB; Gobe, G; Reinebrant, HE; Wixey, JA, 2011)	2.53
"Ibuprofen-treated mice exhibited more evident macrophage infiltration and tissue damage in the GAS-infected soft tissues."	( Ibuprofen worsens Streptococcus pyogenes soft tissue infections in mice. Chen, CC; Tang, HJ; Toh, HS; Weng, TC, 2011)	2.53
"Ibuprofen treatment of patent ductus arteriosus (PDA) has been shown to be as effective as indomethacin in small randomized controlled trials, with possibly fewer adverse effects. "	( Comparison of renal effects of ibuprofen versus indomethacin during treatment of patent ductus arteriosus in contiguous historical cohorts. Kushnir, A; Pinheiro, JM, 2011)	2.1
"Ibuprofen treatment within the first 5 days of life was indicated when at least two out of four conventional echocardiography criteria were observed: ductal diameter >2 mm, left-right ductal shunt maximum velocity <2 m/sec, mean flow velocity in left pulmonary artery >0.4 m/sec, and end-diastolic flow velocity in left pulmonary artery >0.2 m/sec."	( Echocardiography as a guide for patent ductus arteriosus ibuprofen treatment and efficacy prediction. Boubred, F; Desandes, E; Desandes, R; Haddad, F; Hascoët, JM; Jellimann, JM; Rouabah, M; Semama, DS; Vieux, R, 2012)	2.07
"Ibuprofen treatment had no effect on TB, UB, or Ka values."	( Unbound bilirubin does not increase during ibuprofen treatment of patent ductus arteriosus in preterm infants. Barbier, A; Bordarier, C; Desfrere, L; Kibleur, Y; Moriette, G; Thibaut, C, 2012)	1.36
"Ibuprofen treatment prevented the P3 HI-induced reductions in brain serotonin levels, serotonin transporter expression, and numbers of serotonergic neurons in the dorsal raphé nuclei on P10."	( Post-insult ibuprofen treatment attenuates damage to the serotonergic system after hypoxia-ischemia in the immature rat brain. Buller, KM; Reinebrant, HE; Wixey, JA, 2012)	1.48
"Ibuprofen-treated groups were fed intragastrically with Ibuprofen (12.5mg/kg) every 6h."	( Failure of Ibuprofen to prevent progressive dermal ischemia after burning in guinea pigs. Chen, H; Lin, Z; Ma, W; Ning, G; Tan, Q; Wang, L; Zhou, X, 2002)	1.43
"Ibuprofen treatment reduced the numbers of reactive astrocytes following aggregated Abeta injection, and withdrawal of ibuprofen resulted in an increase of reactive astrocytes."	( Behavioural and histopathological analyses of ibuprofen treatment on the effect of aggregated Abeta(1-42) injections in the rat. Cleary, J; Gardiner, T; Kim, EM; O'Hare, E; Richardson, RL; Shephard, RA, 2002)	1.29
"In ibuprofen-treated animals, Prostaglandin E2 levels stayed low for at least 90 minutes, but started to rise thereafter."	( Effects of ibuprofen on the physiology and outcome of rabbit endotoxic shock. Akbulut, A; Canbaz, M; Celik, I; Felek, S; Kilic, SS; Rahman, A; Vural, P, 2002)	1.22
"Ibuprofen treatment was compared with mild systemic hypothermia, which is known to be neuroprotective and is commonly used during neurosurgical procedures."	( High-dose ibuprofen for reduction of striatal infarcts during middle cerebral artery occlusion in rats. Alkayed, NJ; Anderson, LG; Antezana, DF; Clatterbuck, RE; Frazier, J; Hurn, PD; Murphy, SJ; Tamargo, RJ; Traystman, RJ, 2003)	1.44
"Ibuprofen treatment decreased the raised level on day 21 and increased the reduced level on day 35."	( Modulation of inflammatory mediators by ibuprofen and curcumin treatment during chronic inflammation in rat. Banerjee, M; Puri, A; Shukla, R; Srivastava, VM; Tripathi, LM, 2003)	1.31
"Ibuprofen treatment resulted in 60% reduction of amyloid plaque load in the cortex of these animals."	( Anti-inflammatory drug therapy alters beta-amyloid processing and deposition in an animal model of Alzheimer's disease. Babu-Khan, S; Biere, AL; Citron, M; Landreth, G; Liu, H; Vassar, R; Yan, Q; Zhang, J, 2003)	1.04
"Ibuprofen treatment reversed PGE2 levels in injured nerves and DRG, whereas celecoxib blocked increased PGE2 levels only in nerves."	( Cyclooxygenase inhibition in nerve-injury- and TNF-induced hyperalgesia in the rat. Marziniak, M; Schäfers, M; Sommer, C; Sorkin, LS; Yaksh, TL, 2004)	1.04
"Ibuprofen is used for treatment and prevention of patent ductus arteriosus in low-birthweight infants. "	( Prophylactic ibuprofen in premature infants: a multicentre, randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial. Allegaert, K; Casaer, A; Debauche, C; Decaluwé, W; Harrewijn, I; Jespers, A; Langhendries, JP; Van Overmeire, B; Weyler, J, )	1.94
"In ibuprofen-treated rats, the lipid peroxidation measured as thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS), a marker for free radical-induced tissue damage, is also significantly decreased by taurine."	( Taurine prevents Ibuprofen-induced gastric mucosal lesions and influences endogenous antioxidant status of stomach in rats. Balasubramanian, T; Felix, AJ; Somasundaram, M, 2004)	1.18
"Ibuprofen treatment caused a significant decrease in urinary AVP (UAVP/Ucr 24.5+/-3.4 vs."	( Urinary ET-1, AVP and sodium in premature infants treated with indomethacin and ibuprofen for patent ductus arteriosus. Faggian, D; Favaro, F; Lago, P; Plebani, M; Trevisanuto, D; Vedovato, S; Zanardo, V, 2005)	1.28
"Ibuprofen treatment reduced the numbers of activated microglia, and withdrawal of ibuprofen resulted in an increase in activated microglia; however, ibuprofen treatment had no effect on numbers of activated astrocytes in the LPS-infused subjects."	( Chronic intracerebroventricular infusion of lipopolysaccharide: effects of ibuprofen treatment and behavioural and histopathological correlates. Gardiner, T; Kim, EM; O'Hare, E; Richardson, RL, 2005)	1.28
"Ibuprofen treatment did not modify urinary ADH excretion and caused a statistically insignificant decrease in urinary sodium and in fractional excretion of sodium."	( Effects of ibuprofen and indomethacin on urinary antidiuretic hormone excretion in preterm infants treated for patent ductus arteriosus. Chiozza, L; Faggian, D; Lago, P; Piva, D; Vedovato, S; Zanardo, V, )	1.24
"Ibuprofen treatment inhibited plantaris hypertrophy by approximately 50% (P < 0.05) following 14 d of OL, as did L-NAME treatment (P < 0.05). "	( Ibuprofen inhibits skeletal muscle hypertrophy in rats. Betters, JL; Criswell, DS; Lira, VA; Long, JH; Sellman, JE; Soltow, QA, 2006)	3.22
"Ibuprofen treatment prevented lipid peroxidation resulting in decreased MDA accumulation in the testes of both models."	( Protective effects of ibuprofen on testicular torsion/detorsion-induced ischemia/reperfusion injury in rats. Aydogdu, N; Basaran, UN; Dokmeci, D; Inan, M; Kanter, M; Turan, FN; Yalcin, O, 2007)	1.38
"Ibuprofen-treated mice showed severe adverse effects, which prevented assessment of therapeutic efficacy."	( Evaluation of drugs for treatment of prion infections of the central nervous system. Baier, M; Burwinkel, M; Gültner, S; Heise, I; Holtkamp, N; Mok, SWF; Riemer, C; Schwarz, A, 2008)	1.07
"EGCG+ibuprofen treatment resulted in 90% growth inhibition, while ibuprofen or EGCG alone reduced cell numbers by 25% and 20%, respectively. "	( Synergistic cell death by EGCG and ibuprofen in DU-145 prostate cancer cell line. Chung, J; Kim, MH, )	0.92
"Ibuprofen treatment was associated with statistically significantly lower serum creatinine levels after treatment (6 trials, 336 infants; WMD - 8.2 (95% CI -13.3, -3.2) mmol/L and lower incidence of 'decreased urine output' [3 trials, 336 infants; typical RR; 0.22 (95% CI 0.09, 0.51); typical RD -0.12 (95% CI -0.18, -0.06); NNT 8 (95% CI 6,17)]."	( Ibuprofen for the treatment of patent ductus arteriosus in preterm and/or low birth weight infants. Ohlsson, A; Shah, S; Walia, R, 2008)	2.51
"Ibuprofen-treated transgenic mice showed a significant decrease in intraneuronal oligomeric Abeta and hyperphosphorylated tau (AT8) immunoreactivity in the hippocampus."	( Ibuprofen reduces Abeta, hyperphosphorylated tau and memory deficits in Alzheimer mice. Carreras, I; Dedeoglu, A; Hossain, L; Jenkins, BG; Klein, WL; Kowall, NW; LaFerla, FM; McKee, AC; Oddo, S; Ryu, H, 2008)	2.51
"Ibuprofen pretreatment resulted in significantly less pain than placebo or acetaminophen pretreatment as the local anesthetic wore off."	( Suppression of postoperative pain by preoperative administration of ibuprofen in comparison to placebo, acetaminophen, and acetaminophen plus codeine. Buckingham, B; Campbell, RA; Cooper, SA; Dionne, RA; Hall, DL, 1983)	1.22
"Ibuprofen pretreatment did not alter ED50 and slope of dose-response curve, although the absolute value of pressor response in the sevoflurane group with ibuprofen pretreatment was greater than that in the sevoflurane alone group at every concentration of sevoflurane."	( Effect of sevoflurane on hypoxic pulmonary vasoconstriction in the perfused rabbit lung. Gui, X; Ishibe, Y; Shiokawa, Y; Suekane, K; Umeda, T; Uno, H, 1993)	1.01
"The ibuprofen-treated animals were given ibuprofen, 15 mg/kg i.v., prior to insertion of microdialysis probes."	( Effect of ibuprofen on regional eicosanoid production and neuronal injury after forebrain ischemia in rats. Cole, DJ; Drummond, JC; Kalkman, CJ; Patel, PM; Sano, T; Yaksh, TL, 1993)	1.17
"Ibuprofen treatment was compared with saline solution treatment in an endotoxin-induced experimental model of bovine mastitis. "	( Ibuprofen treatment of endotoxin-induced mastitis in cows. Anderson, KL; DeGraves, FJ, 1993)	3.17
"Ibuprofen pretreatment alone or dual blockade (ibuprofen plus LY203647) protected blood pressure and renal blood flow at 1 and 3 hr after endotoxin infusion."	( Effectiveness of dual cyclooxygense and leukotriene blockade with ibuprofen and LY203647 during canine endotoxic shock. Jimenez, AE; Passmore, JC, 1993)	1.24
"Ibuprofen pretreatment prevented the sepsis associated increase in both Kf and lung lavage protein concentration."	( Cecal ligation and puncture is associated with pulmonary injury in the rat: role of cyclooxygenase pathway products. Carlson, RW; Schneidkraut, MJ, 1993)	1.01
"Ibuprofen treatment significantly reduced plasma levels of prostaglandins, and the levels remained low for 72 hours in newborns who received three doses of the drug."	( Early ibuprofen administration to prevent patent ductus arteriosus in premature newborn infants. Aranda, JV; Bardin, CL; Beharry, K; Chemtob, S; Papageorgiou, A; Varvarigou, A, 1996)	1.5
"In ibuprofen-pretreated patients, significantly higher endotoxin concentrations as well as bacterial translocation to mesenteric lymph nodes occurred, despite the absence of a transient decrease in mean arterial pressure that had been associated with PGI2 release. "	( Perioperative endotoxemia and bacterial translocation during major abdominal surgery: evidence for the protective effect of endogenous prostacyclin? Berger, D; Brinkmann, A; Büchler, M; Georgieff, M; Kneitinger, E; Neumeister, B; Radermacher, P; Seeling, W; Wolf, CF, 1996)	0.92
"Ibuprofen pretreatment in perioperative course is able to reduce the endocrine response and cytokine release. "	( Cytokine and hormonal changes after cholecystectomy. Effect of ibuprofen pretreatment. Barbier, Y; Bienvenu, J; Boulétreau, P; Chambrier, C; Chassard, D; Garrigue, C; Paturel, B; Saudin, F, 1996)	1.98
"Ibuprofen treatment in the newborn increased brain microvascular FP and EP receptor densities to levels found in that of adult pigs."	( Regulation of cerebrovascular prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) and PGF2 alpha receptors and their functions during development. Abran, D; Chemtob, S; Li, DY; Peri, KG; Varma, DR, 1996)	1.02
"Ibuprofen treatment (30 mg/kg) had no effect on pial arteriolar diameter during normoxia or hypoxia, and pretreatment did not alter dilation to hypoxia."	( Cerebral arteriolar dilation to hypoxia: role of prostanoids. Leffler, CW; Parfenova, H, 1997)	1.02
"Ibuprofen treatment increased choroidal PGF2alpha vasoconstrictor effects, IP3 production, and receptors, but did not modify response to U-46619."	( Regulation of prostanoid vasomotor effects and receptors in choroidal vessels of newborn pigs. Abran, D; Chemtob, S; Varma, DR, 1997)	1.02
"Ibuprofen treatment seems to be as efficient as indomethacin in closing PDA on the third day of life in preterm infants with respiratory distress syndrome and seems to have fewer renal side effects."	( Treatment of patent ductus arteriosus with ibuprofen. Creten, WL; Follens, I; Hartmann, S; Van Acker, KJ; Van Overmeire, B, 1997)	2
"Ibuprofen treatment reduced tumor volume (P < 0.05) and significantly inhibited gene expression of both cyclooxygenase- and cyclooxygenase-2 (P < 0.02)."	( Ibuprofen-induced inhibition of cyclooxygenase isoform gene expression and regression of rat mammary carcinomas. Abou-Issa, HM; Alshafie, G; Harris, RE; Joarder, FS; Parrett, ML; Robertson, FM; Ross, M, 1998)	2.46
"Both ibuprofen-treated groups showed significantly less HO than the placebo-treated group."	( Preventive effects of ibuprofen on periarticular heterotopic ossification after total hip arthroplasty. A randomized double-blind prospective study of treatment time. Nilsson, OS; Persson, PE; Sodemann, B, 1998)	1.07
"Ibuprofen treatment alone had no effect on the increase in arterial pressure observed in young SHR over the study period, and had no effect on the changes produced by candesartan at either dose."	( Combined treatment with ibuprofen and the AT1 receptor antagonist candesartan in young spontaneously hypertensive rats. Morsing, P; Pollock, DM, 1999)	1.33
"Ibuprofen treatment alone did not cause ulcers in the large intestine, but with the addition of pancreatic enzymes, ulceration and fibrosis were present."	( The effects of high-dose ibuprofen and pancreatic enzymes on the intestine of the rat. Beno, DW; Dy, SA; Jiyamapa, VA; Kimura, RE; Lloyd-Still, JD; Uhing, MR, 1999)	1.33
"Ibuprofen treatment decreased the secretion of total Abeta in the conditioned media of cytokine stimulated cells by 50% and prevented the accumulation of Abeta-42 and Abeta-40 in detergent soluble cell extracts."	( Ibuprofen decreases cytokine-induced amyloid beta production in neuronal cells. Apochal, A; Blasko, I; Boeck, G; Grubeck-Loebenstein, B; Hartmann, T; Ransmayr, G, 2001)	2.47
"Ibuprofen treatment leads to additional decreases in serum leptin concentrations."	( Serum leptin concentrations after surgery in young rats. Palicka, V; Zivna, H; Zivny, P, )	0.85
"Ibuprofen pretreatment completely restored the PBMC response to PHA to normal and caused a significant decrease in the endotoxin-induced suppression of IL-2 production."	( Effects of in vivo endotoxin infusions on in vitro cellular immune responses in humans. Dubravec, D; Gough, DB; Grbic, JT; Manson, JM; Michie, HR; Moss, NM; O'Dwyer, ST; Revhaug, A; Rodrick, ML; Saporoschetz, IB, 1992)	1
"Ibuprofen pretreatment increases arterial pressure and reduces mortality in endotoxic dogs. "	( Cardiovascular response in canine endotoxic shock: effect of ibuprofen pretreatment. Pinsky, MR, 1992)	1.97
"Ibuprofen pre-treatment caused a significant increase in infarct size at all the intervals studied (P less than 0.01), indicating that ibuprofen exerted a harmful effect in increasing the size of experimental myocardial infarction."	( Failure to reduce experimental myocardial infarct size with ibuprofen pre-treatment in rats. Lal, A; Sharma, ML, 1992)	1.25
"Ibuprofen treatment, either solely or in combination with influenza infection, did not produce significant change in the plasma levels of aspartate or ornithine aminotransferase activities."	( Interactions of ibuprofen with influenza infection and hyperammonemia in an animal model of Reye's syndrome. Deshmukh, DR; Mukhopadhyay, A; Sarnaik, AP, 1992)	1.35
"Ibuprofen pretreatment attenuates the enhanced neutrophil (PMN) respiratory burst and reduces increased plasma tumor necrosis factor (TNF) activity in porcine sepsis-induced acute lung injury (ALI). "	( Delayed cyclo-oxygenase blockade reduces the neutrophil respiratory burst and plasma tumor necrosis factor levels in sepsis-induced acute lung injury. Byrne, K; Carey, PD; Fowler, AA; Leeper-Woodford, SK; Sugerman, HJ; Walsh, CJ, 1991)	1.72
"Ibuprofen-treated animals had a mean survival time (+/- S.E.M.) of 17.1 +/- 2 h vs."	( Ibuprofen therapy in experimental porcine gram-negative septic shock. Flynn, JF; Gore, DC; Griffin, MP; Herndon, DN; Lobe, TE; Traber, DL, 1991)	2.45
"Ibuprofen pretreatment of septic animals completely blocked leakage of plasma proteins into the alveoli and attenuated neutrophil migration but did not prevent downregulation of AM O2-."	( Sepsis-induced lung injury and the effects of ibuprofen pretreatment. Analysis of early alveolar events via repetitive bronchoalveolar lavage. Byrne, K; Carey, PD; Fowler, AA; Jenkins, JK; Sugerman, HJ, 1991)	1.26
"In ibuprofen-treated volunteers, the additional increase in TNF alpha was paralleled by increased levels of circulating elastase."	( Pretreatment with ibuprofen augments circulating tumor necrosis factor-alpha, interleukin-6, and elastase during acute endotoxinemia. Bloesch, D; Cammisuli, S; Keller, U; Spinas, GA; Zimmerli, W, 1991)	1.13
"Ibuprofen treatment reduced the basal concentrations of all prostanoids to nearly undetectable levels and prevented their changes during hypotension and hypertension.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)"	( Ibuprofen enhances retinal and choroidal blood flow autoregulation in newborn piglets. Aranda, JV; Beharry, K; Chatterjee, T; Chemtob, S; Rex, J; Varma, DR, 1991)	2.45
"Each ibuprofen-treated animal received a dose of 50 mg/kg either intraperitoneally or intravenously."	( Effects of ibuprofen on pulmonary oedema in an animal smoke inhalation model. Chang, BL; Knost, PM; Mason, SW; Roshdieh, BB; Samadani, S; Stewart, RJ; Yamaguchi, KT, 1990)	1.12
"Ibuprofen-treated mice also lost less weight during the treatment period than all other doxorubicin injected animals (p less than 10(-6]."	( Effects of ibuprofen on doxorubicin toxicity. Inchiosa, MA; Smith, CM, 1990)	1.39
"Ibuprofen-treated dogs required less NaHCO3 for acid-base maintenance than did dual-blocked animals."	( Hemodynamic and renal advantages of dual cyclooxygenase and leukotriene blockade during canine endotoxic shock. Passmore, JC; Young, JS, 1990)	1
"Ibuprofen pretreatment did not prevent the rise in circulating tumor necrosis factor (mean peak plasma level, 170 +/- 70 pg per milliliter) but greatly attenuated the symptoms and other responses after endotoxin administration."	( Detection of circulating tumor necrosis factor after endotoxin administration. Cerami, A; Dinarello, CA; Manogue, KR; Michie, HR; O'Dwyer, S; Revhaug, A; Spriggs, DR; Wilmore, DW; Wolff, SM, 1988)	1
"Ibuprofen-treated animals did not exhibit any PMN influx into the lung."	( Role of polymorphonuclear leukocytes in hyperoxic lung injury. Prevention of neutrophil influx into the lung endothelium during oxygen exposure by ibuprofen. Bandyopadhyay, D; Das, DK; Hoory, S; Steinberg, H, 1988)	1.2
"Ibuprofen treatment did not affect the histologic or morphometric extent of the lung injury."	( Effects of ibuprofen on neutrophil function and acute lung injury in canine endotoxin shock. Balk, RA; Bone, RC; Jacobs, RF; Townsend, JW; Tryka, AF; Walls, RC, 1988)	1.39
"Both ibuprofen-treated and control animals developed a progressively more-destructive disease over 12 days."	( Effect of ibuprofen on gross pathology, bacterial count, and levels of prostaglandin E2 in experimental staphylococcal osteomyelitis. Buxton, TB; Rissing, JP, 1986)	1.13
"Ibuprofen treatment prevented the increase in blood loss following IUCD insertion, but it failed to shorten the duration of menstruation."	( Ibuprofen prevents IUCD-induced increases in menstrual blood loss. Mäkäräinen, L; Ylikorkala, O, 1986)	2.44
"Ibuprofen treatment produces a phenobarbital-like pattern of change, with the addition of at least one protein change not observed with any of the other treatments."	( Effects of toxic agents at the protein level: quantitative measurement of 213 mouse liver proteins following xenobiotic treatment. Anderson, NG; Anderson, NL; Gemmell, MA; Giere, FA; Nance, SL; Tollaksen, SL, 1987)	0.99
"Ibuprofen treatment, while increasing MABP and total peripheral vascular resistance did not seem to alter cardiac function or improve survival when compared to NS in this model of hypovolemic shock."	( Hemodynamic evaluation of ibuprofen in canine hypovolemic shock. Beamer, KC; Daly, T; Vargish, T, 1987)	1.29
"Ibuprofen pretreatment (12.5 mg/kg) markedly attenuated the decrease in Cdyn, with the value at 12 h being 90% of base line."	( Lung dysfunction after thermal injury in relation to prostanoid and oxygen radical release. Demling, RH; Jin, LJ; Lalonde, C, 1986)	0.99
"The ibuprofen-treated 10- and 12-hour flaps all survived, whereas the 10-hour control and 14-hour ibuprofen-treated free flaps failed to survive."	( Beneficial effects of ibuprofen on experimental microvascular free flaps: pharmacologic alteration of the no-reflow phenomenon. Douglas, B; Silverman, DG; Song, Y; Weinberg, H, 1987)	1.07
"Ibuprofen and verapamil treatment resulted in less myocardial damage after 48 h than placebo treatment but the differences were generally not statistically significant."	( Evaluation of a rat model for assessing interventions to salvage ischaemic myocardium: effects of ibuprofen and verapamil. Evans, RG; Fischer, VW; Kulevich, J; Mueller, HS; Val-Mejias, JE, 1985)	1.21
"Ibuprofen pretreatment increased the maternal plasma clearance of phenytoin about three-fold and the overall apparent volume of distribution almost four-fold."	( Effects of ibuprofen on the disposition kinetics of phenytoin in pregnant rats. Cleveland, PA; Ueda, CT, )	1.24
"The treatment with ibuprofen promoted metabolic reductions up to 80% and total loss of culturability of adhered cells and 24 h old biofilms."	( Repurposing ibuprofen to control Staphylococcus aureus biofilms. Borges, A; Borges, F; Oliveira, IM; Simões, M, 2019)	1.21
"Post treatment with ibuprofen blocked the depletion of glutathione induced by rotenone and increased the basal levels of this antioxidant in the striatum."	( Antidepressant and antioxidative effect of Ibuprofen in the rotenone model of Parkinson's disease. Baggio, CH; Barbiero, JK; Bassani, TB; Gradowski, RW; Maria-Ferreira, D; Santiago, RM; Vital, MA; Zaminelli, T, 2014)	0.98
"The treatment with ibuprofen reduces the urine output and increases the serum creatinine concentrations less extensively than indomethacin."	( Clinical pharmacology of ibuprofen and indomethacin in preterm infants with patent ductus arteriosus. Pacifici, GM, 2014)	1.02
"Treatment with ibuprofen decreases the risk of renal failure."	( Clinical pharmacology of ibuprofen and indomethacin in preterm infants with patent ductus arteriosus. Pacifici, GM, 2014)	1.05
"Pretreated with ibuprofen, a nonselective COX inhibitor (250 μg/5 μl; icv), and furegrelate, a TXA2 synthesis inhibitor (250 μg/5 μl; icv), prevented AA-evoked increase in plasma FSH, LH and testosterone levels, and sperm motility."	( Brain thromboxane A2 via arachidonic acid cascade induces the hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal axis activation in rats. Alcay, S; Altinbas, B; Erkan, LG; Guvenc, G; Toker, MB; Udum Kucuksen, D; Ustuner, B; Yalcin, M, 2015)	0.75
"Treatment with ibuprofen improved muscle mass and reduced cytokine expression in both the muscle and hippocampus of tumor-bearing mice."	( Ibuprofen ameliorates fatigue- and depressive-like behavior in tumor-bearing mice. Bicer, S; Devine, RD; Godbout, JP; McCarthy, DO; Norden, DM; Reiser, PJ; Wold, LE, 2015)	2.2
"pretreatment with ibuprofen, a non-selective COX inhibitor, completely blocked the hyperventilation and blood gases changes induced by AA."	( The effects of centrally injected arachidonic acid on respiratory system: Involvement of cyclooxygenase to thromboxane signaling pathway. Altinbas, B; Erkan, LG; Guvenc, G; Niaz, N; Yalcin, M, 2016)	0.76
"Treatment with ibuprofen or piroxicam in combination with l-dopa preserved the effect of l-dopa at the end of week 10, delayed the development of dyskinesia and decreased striatal COX-2 and VEGF levels."	( Ibuprofen or piroxicam protects nigral neurons and delays the development of l-dopa induced dyskinesia in rats with experimental Parkinsonism: Influence on angiogenesis. Moustafa, YM; Teema, AM; Zaitone, SA, 2016)	2.22
"Pre-treatment with ibuprofen (30, 60 and 90mg/kg p.o) ameliorated high BP and left ventricular dysfunction, furthermore it prevented the rise in CKMB, LDH and α-HBDH, suggesting the effect of ibuprofen in maintenance of cell membrane integrity."	( Inhibition of RhoA/Rho kinase by ibuprofen exerts cardioprotective effect on isoproterenol induced myocardial infarction in rats. Gandhi, T; Parikh, M; Patel, P; Shah, H, 2016)	1.03
"Treatment with ibuprofen is safer, decreasing the risk of renal failure, thrombocytopenia, and hyponatremia."	( Treatment of patent ductus arteriosus: indomethacin or ibuprofen? Bello, R; Birk, E; Hernandez, A; Klinger, G; Linder, N; Pushkov, Y; Rosen, C; Sirota, L, 2010)	0.95
"Treatment with ibuprofen alone may produce some cell activation, which would explain the increase in expression of membrane markers and decrease in phagocytic capacity."	( Effect of ibuprofen on proliferation, differentiation, antigenic expression, and phagocytic capacity of osteoblasts. De Luna-Bertos, E; Díaz-Rodríguez, L; García-Martínez, O; Ramos-Torrecillas, J; Ruiz, C, 2012)	1.12
"Treatment with ibuprofen and splinting resulted in complete symptom resolution."	( Acute calcific tendinitis of the wrist. Bral, D; Geiderman, JM; Torbati, SS, 2013)	0.73
"Pretreatment with ibuprofen before elective total hip surgery increases the perioperative blood loss significantly. "	( Does ibuprofen increase perioperative blood loss during hip arthroplasty? Benraad, B; Bugter, ML; Dirksen, R; Slappendel, R; Weber, EW, 2002)	1.16
"Treatment with ibuprofen might limit the cardioprotective effects of aspirin. "	( Effect of ibuprofen on cardioprotective effect of aspirin. MacDonald, TM; Wei, L, 2003)	1.07
"Pretreatment with ibuprofen before major hip surgery does not improve the pain scores or reduce morphine requirement but significantly increases blood loss. "	( Prior ibuprofen exposure does not augment opioid drug potency or modify opioid requirements for pain inhibition in total hip surgery. Bugter, ML; Dirksen, R; Jhamandas, K; Milne, B; Slappendel, R; Weber, EW, 2003)	1.13
"Treatment with ibuprofen (IB), an inhibitor of jasmonate biosynthesis, reduced the level of betacyanin in cells cultured in standard medium at all concentrations tested (25, 50, 100 mumol/L)."	( Stimulation of betacyanin synthesis through exogenous methyl jasmonate and other elicitors in suspension-cultured cells of Portulaca. Adachi, T; Bhuiyan, NH, 2003)	0.66
"Pretreatment with ibuprofen or acetaminophen appears to decrease the occurrence of adverse events from pamidronate therapy. "	( Effectiveness of pretreatment in decreasing adverse events associated with pamidronate in children and adolescents. Bates, CM; Batisky, DL; Hayes, JR; Mahan, JD; Nahata, MC; Robinson, RE, 2004)	0.66
"Rats treated with ibuprofen after transient forebrain ischemia displayed long-lasting protection of CA1 hippocampal neurons."	( Ibuprofen protects ischemia-induced neuronal injury via up-regulating interleukin-1 receptor antagonist expression. Cho, BP; Cho, S; Cruz, MO; Joh, TH; Park, EM; Volpe, BT, 2005)	2.09
"Treatment with ibuprofen, either before or after ETX, partly restored the elevated levels of nitrite/nitrate."	( Ibuprofen reduces plasma nitrite/nitrate levels in a rabbit model of endotoxin-induced shock. Akbulut, H; Ayar, A; Canbaz, M; Celik, I; Vural, P, 2005)	2.11
"Treatment of ibuprofen and indomethacin may cause transient renal dysfunction: diminished urine output and increase of serum creatinine and urea nitrogen concentrations."	( [Comparison of the efficacy of ibuprofen and indomethacin in the treatment of patent ductus arteriosus in prematurely born infants]. Adamska, E; Helwich, E; Piotrowska, A; Rutkowska, M; Zacharska, E, )	0.77
"Treatment with ibuprofen, a prostaglandin synthetase inhibitor, led to a significant (p less than 0.05) decrease in the baseline ovarian ornithine decarboxylase activity (4.7 +/- 0.29 pmol of carbon dioxide per hour per milligram of protein)."	( Ibuprofen modulation of human chorionic gonadotropin-induced ornithine decarboxylase activity and ovulation in the rabbit ovary. Berger, T; Bieniarz, A; diZerega, GS; Nishimura, K, 1983)	2.05
"Treatment with ibuprofen or high-dose methylprednisolone after the first injection prevented or reduced vasospasm."	( Prevention of chronic experimental cerebral vasospasm with ibuprofen and high-dose methylprednisolone. Chyatte, D; Rusch, N; Sundt, TM, 1983)	0.85
"Pretreatment with ibuprofen (1-3.75 mg/kg) produced an optimal survival rate of 80% compared to only 11% in the vehicle-treated group."	( Ibuprofen improves survival from endotoxic shock in the rat. Cook, JA; Eller, T; Halushka, PV; Wise, WC, 1980)	2.03
"Treatment with ibuprofen (20 mg/kg.day) or diclofenac sodium (2.5 mg/kg.day) for 7 days before infection led to significantly lower liver weights, worm loads and hepatic hydroxyproline contents than in the untreated mice."	( Experimental murine schistosomiasis: reduced hepatic morbidity after pre- and/or post-infection treatment with ibuprofen or diclofenac sodium. Abou-Basha, L; Farag, MM; Salama, MA, 1995)	0.84
"Treatment with ibuprofen led to an increase of mean daily blood loss by + 0.52 ml/d."	( Gastrointestinal blood loss induced by three different non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs. Bidlingmaier, A; Hammermaier, A; Nagyiványi, P; Pabst, G; Waitzinger, J, 1995)	0.63
"Six treatments (ibuprofen 400 mg, codeine 60 mg, ibuprofen 400 mg and codeine 30 mg in two separate tablets, ibuprofen 400 mg and codeine 30 mg in one combination tablet, ibuprofen 400 mg and codeine 60 mg in two separate tablets, and ibuprofen 400 mg and codeine 60 mg in one combination tablet) were evaluated."	( Pharmacokinetic evaluation of two ibuprofen-codeine combinations. Derendorf, H; Kaltenbach, ML; Mohammed, SS; Mullersman, G; Perrin, JH, 1994)	0.9
"Pretreatment with ibuprofen, a cyclooxygenase inhibitor, blunted the effects of E on whole body leucine flux (P < 0.05 vs."	( Effects of endotoxin on leucine and glucose kinetics in man: contribution of prostaglandin E2 assessed by a cyclooxygenase inhibitor. Bloesch, D; Girard, J; Keller, U; Küry, D; Spinas, GA; Stauffacher, W, 1993)	0.61
"Treatment with ibuprofen during induced inflammation significantly reduced LEA and increased red blood cell velocity."	( Effects of nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs on microvascular dynamics. House, SD; Slater, C, 1993)	0.63
"Pretreatment with ibuprofen (15 mg/kg bw) resulted in a similar increase of adherent leukocytes after hemorrhagic shock (750 +/- 60/mm2; P < .001), while pretreatment with MK 886(10 mg/kg), inhibitor of lipoxygenase pathway, reduced leukocyte adhesion slightly (270 +/- 38/mm2)."	( Leukocyte-endothelial cell interactions in the liver after hemorrhagic shock in the rat. Bauer, C; Bühren, V; Hower, R; Marzi, I, 1993)	0.61
"Treatment with ibuprofen, prostaglandin E1 (PGE-1), or hydrocortisone beginning day 2 post-inoculation did not significantly alter the degree of inflammation or subsequent fertility."	( Does addition of anti-inflammatory agents to antimicrobial therapy reduce infertility after murine chlamydial salpingitis? Bottles, K; Landers, DV; Schachter, J; Sung, ML, )	0.47
"Treatment with ibuprofen and other non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDS) has been reported to decrease the incidence as well as slow down the progression of Alzheimer's disease. "	( Ibuprofen: effect on inducible nitric oxide synthase. Carter, DB; Sethy, VH; Stratman, NC, 1997)	2.09
"Treatment with ibuprofen may decrease mortality in this select group of septic patients."	( Effects of ibuprofen on the physiology and survival of hypothermic sepsis. Ibuprofen in Sepsis Study Group. Arons, MM; Bernard, GR; Christman, BW; Dupont, WD; Fulkerson, W; Russell, JA; Schein, R; Steinberg, KP; Summer, WR; Swindell, BB; Wheeler, AP; Wright, P, 1999)	1.03
"Pretreatment with ibuprofen resulted in increased survival, and attenuation of pulmonary and cardiovascular dysfunction when compared to the rats receiving endotoxin alone."	( Ibuprofen attenuates cardiopulmonary dysfunction by modifying vascular tone in endotoxemia. Heidemann, SM; Ofenstein, JP; Sarnaik, AP, 1999)	2.07
"Treatment with ibuprofen had no significant effect on VAS-1 at either 1 or 3 h after dosing. "	( Sensitivity of repeated interdigital web pinching to detect antinociceptive effects of ibuprofen. Beise, R; Demey, C; Growcott, JW; Stammer, H; Stone, A; Tetzloff, W, 2000)	0.88
"Pretreatment with ibuprofen, a nonspecific COX inhibitor, attenuated the febrile and systemic response to LPS and inhibited prostanoid biosynthesis."	( Effect of regulated expression of human cyclooxygenase isoforms on eicosanoid and isoeicosanoid production in inflammation. Burke, A; FitzGerald, GA; Habib, A; Kapoor, S; Lawson, JA; Mardini, IA; McAdam, BF, 2000)	0.63
"Pretreatment with ibuprofen blocked the fever induced by RANTES."	( RANTES: a new prostaglandin dependent endogenous pyrogen in the rat. Miñano, FJ; Tavares, E, 2000)	0.63
"Treatment with ibuprofen in patients with increased cardiovascular risk may limit the cardioprotective effects of aspirin."	( Cyclooxygenase inhibitors and the antiplatelet effects of aspirin. Catella-Lawson, F; Cucchiara, AJ; DeMarco, S; FitzGerald, GA; Kapoor, SC; Reilly, MP; Tournier, B; Vyas, SN, 2001)	0.65
"Treatment with ibuprofen or naproxen either alone or in combination with praziquantel or praziquantel alone reduced significantly the granuloma diameters."	( Effect of combined chemotherapy and anti-inflammatory drugs on murine schistosomiasis. Mahmoud, MR; Nosseir, MM; Zoheiry, MM, 2002)	0.65
"Pretreatment with ibuprofen did not significantly attenuate the acute hemodynamic changes despite inhibiting prostaglandin generation."	( Ibuprofen pretreatment does not prevent hemodynamic instability after cemented arthroplasty in dogs. Byrick, RJ; Mullen, JB; Wigglesworth, DF; Wong, PY, 1992)	2.05
"Pretreatment with ibuprofen reduced pulmonary blood flow to shunt and low VA/Q regions for the first 2 hours after acid aspiration and attenuated hypoxemia, causing an increase in PVR."	( [Effects of ibuprofen and OKY-046 on ventilation perfusion distribution in acute respiratory failure]. Wu, W, 1991)	0.98
"Treatment with ibuprofen transiently blocked LPS-induced mesenteric hypoperfusion."	( Ibuprofen improves survival but does not ameliorate increased gut mucosal permeability in endotoxic pigs. Fink, MP; Kaups, KL; Rothschild, HR; Wang, H, 1992)	2.07
"Treatment with ibuprofen increased arterial pressure but did not improve blood flow; however, it effectively reversed the changes in compliance."	( Portal venous compliance in canine endotoxin shock. Abel, FL; Beck, RR, 1991)	0.62
"Treatment with ibuprofen given intravenously (12.5 milligrams per kilogram 40 minutes before and three hours after the beginning of TNF infusion) in eight dogs that did not undergo splenectomy also abolished these renal effects."	( Splenectomy attenuates the inappropriate diuresis associated with tumor necrosis factor administration. Evans, DA; Jacobs, DO; Mealy, K; van Lanschot, JJ; Wilmore, DW, 1991)	0.62
"Pretreatment with ibuprofen did not prevent the depression in force of contraction but prevented the increase in TxB2 seen after lipopolysaccharide injection (p less than .05)."	( Lipopolysaccharide-induced myocardial depression is not mediated by cyclooxygenase products. Baum, TD; Feldman, HS; Fink, MP; Heard, SO; Latka, C, 1991)	0.6
"Pretreatment with ibuprofen (n = 6) caused a significant augmentation and temporal shift in cytokine elaboration with maximal TNF alpha levels (627 +/- 136 pg/ml) at 120 min and IL-6 peaks (113 +/- 66 ng/ml) at 180 min."	( Pretreatment with ibuprofen augments circulating tumor necrosis factor-alpha, interleukin-6, and elastase during acute endotoxinemia. Bloesch, D; Cammisuli, S; Keller, U; Spinas, GA; Zimmerli, W, 1991)	0.94
"Treatment with ibuprofen induced a slightly lower composite symptom score (P less than 0.05) at the initial allergen challenge when compared with placebo."	( Effect of a single dose of a topical glucocorticoid and a cyclo-oxygenase inhibitor on allergen-induced changes in nasal reactivity. Andersson, M; Klementsson, H; Lindqvist, N; Pipkorn, U, 1990)	0.62
"Pretreatment with ibuprofen (ibuprofen/LPS group; N = 8) did not affect the adverse effect of LPS on atrial FOCI."	( Endotoxin-induced myocardial depression in rats: effect of ibuprofen and SDZ 64-688, a platelet activating factor receptor antagonist. Baum, TD; Feldman, HS; Fink, MP; Heard, SO; Latka, CA, 1990)	0.85
"Pretreatment with ibuprofen (1,600 mg) abrogated these side effects, allowing further escalation of LPS doses up to 10 ng/kg of body weight."	( Biological response to intravenously administered endotoxin in patients with advanced cancer. Andreesen, R; Engelhardt, R; Galanos, C; Mackensen, A, 1990)	0.6
"Treatment with ibuprofen reduced the baseline concentrations of all prostanoids and prevented their changing during hypotension and hypertension.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)"	( Prostanoids determine the range of cerebral blood flow autoregulation of newborn piglets. Aranda, JV; Beharry, K; Chemtob, S; Rex, J; Varma, DR, 1990)	0.62
"Pre-treatment with Ibuprofen resulted in complete cardiovascular stability after endotoxin."	( Right and left ventricular performance during endotoxin-induced pulmonary hypertension in sheep. Eliasen, K; Hüttemeier, PC; Jensen, H; Mogensen, T; Nielsen, SL; Ringsted, C, 1989)	0.6
"Treatment with ibuprofen (n = 8) or high-dose methylprednisolone (n = 8) after the first injection of blood prevented or reduced angiographic vasospasm."	( Prevention of chronic cerebral vasospasm in dogs with ibuprofen and high-dose methylprednisolone. Chyatte, D, 1989)	0.86
"Pretreatment with ibuprofen, imidazole, or OKY 046 decreased (p less than 0.05) accumulations to 205 +/- 139 PMN/mm3, 485 +/- 387 PMN/mm3, and 504 +/- 260 PMN/mm3, respectively."	( Reduction of polymorphonuclear leukocyte accumulations by inhibition of cyclooxygenase and thromboxane syntase in the rabbit. Alexander, F; Hechtman, HB; Huval, W; Lelcuk, S; Mannick, JA; Palder, SB; Shepro, D, 1986)	0.59
"Treatment with ibuprofen, a cyclo-oxygenase inhibitor, prevented the release of 6 keto-prostaglandin F1 alpha but increased the efflux of immunoreactive LTC4 during calcium repletion."	( Calcium paradox-evoked release of prostacyclin and immunoreactive leukotriene C4 from rat and guinea-pig hearts. Evidence that endogenous prostaglandins inhibit leukotriene biosynthesis. Karmazyn, M, 1987)	0.61
"Pretreatment with ibuprofen attenuated the increase in permeability as reflected by significantly lower lymph flow rate, protein flux, L/P, and PS."	( Increased microvascular permeability in canine endotoxic shock: protective effects of ibuprofen. Hubbard, JD; Janssen, HF, 1988)	0.82
"Pretreatment with ibuprofen prevented the hemodynamic, leukocyte, and platelet changes induced by the low-dose cytokine combination, and ameliorated the pulmonary tissue damage."	( Interleukin 1 induces a shock-like state in rabbits. Synergism with tumor necrosis factor and the effect of cyclooxygenase inhibition. Connolly, RJ; Dinarello, CA; Gelfand, JA; Ikejima, T; Okusawa, S, 1988)	0.6
"Pretreatment with ibuprofen (n = 10) (12 mg/kg) or OKY 046 and ibuprofen (n = 9) inhibited TxB2 and 6-keto-PGF1 alpha synthesis, but creatinine levels and renal weight rose (p less than 0.001)."	( Prostacyclin and thromboxane A2 moderate postischemic renal failure. Alexander, F; Hechtman, HB; Kobzik, L; Lelcuk, S; Shepro, D; Valeri, CR, 1985)	0.59

Toxicity

Short-term use of ibuprofen is considered safe in infants older than 3 months of age having a body weight above 5-6kg when special attention is given to the hydration of the patient. Ib uprofen may be a suitable candidate for sustained release formulations since its effect may be prolonged without the need for medication.

Excerpt	Reference	Relevance
" This case suggests that disseminated intravascular coagulation, and its rare association with hepatotoxicity, is a potentially fatal side effect of aspirin therapy."	( Aspirin hepatotoxicity and disseminated intravascular coagulation. Bennett, RM; Sbarbaro, JA, 1977)	0.26
" We conclude that single doses of nonprescription ibuprofen are well tolerated and demonstrate a side effect profile indistinguishable from that of acetaminophen and placebo."	( Nonprescription ibuprofen: side effect profile. Dash, BH; Furey, SA; Waksman, JA, 1992)	0.88
" Following clinical observations that this drug combination induces significant adverse effects, its gastric toxicity was investigated in rats."	( Potentiation of gastric toxicity of ibuprofen by paracetamol in the rat. Bhattacharya, SK; Goel, RK; Tandon, R, 1991)	0.56
" In contrast, the noninflammatory adjuvant IL-1 beta peptide VQGEESNDK (position 163-171) did not induce any toxic effect in vivo, when administered following the same schedule."	( Mechanism of acute toxicity of IL-1 beta in mice. Boraschi, D; Ghezzi, P; Ghiara, P; Mengozzi, M; Parente, L; Silvestri, S; Solito, E; Tagliabue, A; Van Damme, J; Villa, L, )	0.13
" Ibuprofen pharmacokinetics and evaluation for adverse effects were performed at the beginning and end of each month."	( Ibuprofen in children with cystic fibrosis: pharmacokinetics and adverse effects. Chai, BL; Davis, PB; Hoppel, CL; Konstan, MW, 1991)	2.63
" Seven children did not complete the minimum required treatment period, of which four were lost to follow-up or non-complaint, two had suspected adverse reactions, and one had a taste complaint and nausea."	( A multicentre, long-term evaluation of the safety and efficacy of ibuprofen syrup in children with juvenile chronic arthritis. Manners, PJ; Robinson, IG; Steans, A, 1990)	0.52
" There was statistical evidence for greater adverse effects of aspirin/codeine on mood and mental alertness in comparison to ibuprofen/codeine and placebo."	( Multiple-dose safety study of ibuprofen/codeine and aspirin/codeine combinations. Friedman, H; Oster, H; Royer, G; Seckman, C; Stubbs, C, 1990)	0.77
" The oral LD50 value of S-01 was more than 10,000 mg/kg in mice and rats of both sexes."	( [Pharmacological study of kako-bushi-matsu: analgesic action and acute toxicity]. Murayama, M; Namiki, Y, 1989)	0.28
"A comparison was made among phenylpropanolamine, aspirin, acetaminophen and ibuprofen in terms of their relative safety, as measured by adverse reaction reports published since 1980, the five semiannual reports published by the Drug Abuse Warning Network during 1984-1986 and annual reports from Poison Control Centers from 1983-1986."	( A comparison of the relative safety of phenylpropanolamine, acetaminophen, ibuprofen and aspirin as measured by three compendia. Winick, C, 1989)	0.74
" However, this agent can be very toxic and has been implicated in the pathogenesis of endotoxic shock."	( The toxic effects of tumor necrosis factor in vivo and their prevention by cyclooxygenase inhibitors. Fiers, W; Goldberg, AL; Kettelhut, IC, 1987)	0.27
" A single, mild side effect was associated with as much additional pain relief as multiple, severe side effects."	( Association of pain relief with drug side effects in postherpetic neuralgia: a single-dose study of clonidine, codeine, ibuprofen, and placebo. Culnane, M; Dubner, R; Gracely, RH; Max, MB; Schafer, SC, 1988)	0.48
" Toxic effects were observed for all three drugs at 10 times the therapeutic plasma concentration."	( A study of the relative hepatotoxicity in vitro of the non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs ibuprofen, flurbiprofen and butibufen. Castell, JV; Gómez-Lechón, MJ; Larrauri, A, 1988)	0.49
" Documentation is derived from clinical trials, post-marketing surveillance, special studies, and spontaneous reports of adverse drug reactions from foreign countries."	( Worldwide safety experience with diclofenac. Catalano, MA, 1986)	0.27
" None of the changes led to adverse clinical consequences."	( Renal safety of two analgesics used over the counter: ibuprofen and aspirin. Bonney, SL; Hedrich, DA; Northington, RS; Walker, BR, 1986)	0.52
" Finally, the worldwide database of more than 77,000 patients monitored in postmarketing surveillance studies is examined to assess gastrointestinal side effects and the relation of age and sex to these adverse events."	( Clinical benefits and comparative safety of piroxicam. Analysis of worldwide clinical trials data. Meisel, AD, 1986)	0.27
" Adverse experiences were infrequent and generally mild or transient."	( Worldwide clinical safety experience with diclofenac. Willkens, RF, 1985)	0.27
"Since its introduction in the United States in 1974, ibuprofen (Motrin, Upjohn) has been shown to be safe and effective for the treatment of pain, dysmenorrhea, inflammation, and fever."	( Safety profile: fifteen years of clinical experience with ibuprofen. Royer, GL; Seckman, CE; Welshman, IR, 1984)	0.76
" Ibuprofen should be considered as a safe and potentially beneficial antiinflammatory agent in the treatment of carefully monitored hemophiliacs eligible for such therapy."	( The use and safety of Ibuprofen in the hemophiliac. Inwood, MJ; Killackey, B; Startup, SJ, 1983)	1.49
" The analysis of the data by the Litchfield and Wilcoxon method revealed that there was neither a difference in doxorubicin LD50 values nor in the potency ratios between saline and any dose of ibuprofen treatment."	( Effect of ibuprofen on doxorubicin toxicity in mice. Giri, SN; Robison, TW, 1984)	0.86
" It was found that compounds with polar substituents at the 2 or 3 position of the ring system are less acutely toxic while maintaining antiinflammatory activity."	( Effect of structural change on acute toxicity and antiinflammatory activity in a series of imidazothiazoles and thiazolobenzimidazoles. Ariyan, ZS; Fogt, SW; Heilman, RD; Matthews, RJ; Powers, LJ; Rippin, DJ, 1981)	0.26
" We conclude that ibuprofen represents a relatively safe agent for the management of discomfort caused by hemophilic arthropathy in a select group of hemophilic patients."	( Efficacy and safety of ibuprofen for hemophilic arthropathy. Hasiba, U; Lewis, JH; Scranton, PE; Spero, JA, 1980)	0.91
" Discontinuation due to lack of efficacy or adverse effects was substantially lower for benoxaprofen than for aspirin or ibuprofen."	( An update on long-term efficacy and safety with benoxaprofen. Mikulaschek, WM, 1982)	0.47
" The incidence of > or = 1 adverse event considered by the investigator to be related or probably related to therapy was similar in all groups."	( Safety experience with nabumetone versus diclofenac, naproxen, ibuprofen, and piroxicam in osteoarthritis and rheumatoid arthritis. DeLapp, RE; Eversmeyer, W; Jensen, CP; Poland, M, 1993)	0.53
" when patients treated with a drug differ in their underlying risk of adverse outcome from patients given alternate treatments, independent of the effect of the drug)."	( When a randomised controlled trial is needed to assess drug safety. The case of paediatric ibuprofen. Lesko, SM; Mitchell, AA, 1995)	0.51
" Across all 48 studies, 83% of both the NAP- and placebo-treated patients reported no adverse events."	( Safety profile of over-the-counter naproxen sodium. Bartziek, RD; DeArmond, B; Francisco, CA; Halladay, S; Huang, FY; Lin, JS; Skare, KL, )	0.13
"Encapsulation of ibuprofen significantly reduced gastrointestinal toxicity especially at the higher dose level and drug was released enough to subject the GI mucosa to irritation, but without the usual toxic effects."	( Acute gastrointestinal toxic effects of suspensions of unencapsulated and encapsulated ibuprofen in rats. Adeyeye, CM; Bricker, JD; Smith, WI; Vilivalam, VD, 1996)	0.86
" Knee pain at rest, at movement and at pressure, knee swelling, improvement and therapeutic utility as well as adverse events and drop-outs were recorded after 2 and 4 weeks of treatment."	( Efficacy and safety of glucosamine sulfate versus ibuprofen in patients with knee osteoarthritis. Gao, SN; Giacovelli, G; Qiu, GX; Rovati, L; Setnikar, I, 1998)	0.55
"A meta-analysis was performed to compare the incidence of adverse experiences (AEs) during the multiple-dose use of nonprescription ibuprofen to a placebo."	( The safety profile of nonprescription ibuprofen in multiple-dose use: a meta-analysis. Binstok, G; Cooper, SA; Furey, SA; Kellstein, DE; Waksman, JA, 1999)	0.78
" Trials and spontaneously reported adverse experiences suggest that gastrointestinal symptoms and bleeding are rare."	( Gastrointestinal safety and tolerance of ibuprofen at maximum over-the-counter dose. Ashraf, E; Baird, L; Berlin, R; Cooper, S; Doyle, G; Furey, S; Jayawardena, S, 1999)	0.57
"Gastrointestinal adverse experiences were similar in the placebo and ibuprofen groups (67 out of 413, 16% with placebo vs."	( Gastrointestinal safety and tolerance of ibuprofen at maximum over-the-counter dose. Ashraf, E; Baird, L; Berlin, R; Cooper, S; Doyle, G; Furey, S; Jayawardena, S, 1999)	0.8
"To compare the incidence of serious adverse clinical events among children <2 years old given ibuprofen and acetaminophen to control fever."	( The safety of acetaminophen and ibuprofen among children younger than two years old. Lesko, SM; Mitchell, AA, 1999)	0.81
"The risk of serious adverse clinical events among children <2 years old receiving short-term treatment with either acetaminophen or ibuprofen suspension was small and did not vary by choice of medication."	( The safety of acetaminophen and ibuprofen among children younger than two years old. Lesko, SM; Mitchell, AA, 1999)	0.79
" With concerns that some established NSAIDs may accelerate cartilage destruction in osteoarthritis (OA), interest is now focusing on whether the COX-2-selective drugs may have a lower potential for this adverse effect by avoiding the inhibitory effects on cartilage proteoglycan metabolism seen with such drugs as indomethacin and the salicylates."	( Profile and mechanisms of gastrointestinal and other side effects of nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs). Rainsford, KD, 1999)	0.3
"We assessed the quality of assessment and reporting of adverse effects in randomized, double-blind clinical trials of single-dose acetaminophen or ibuprofen compared with placebo in moderate to severe postoperative pain."	( Reporting of adverse effects in clinical trials should be improved: lessons from acute postoperative pain. Collins, SL; Edwards, JE; McQuay, HJ; Moore, RA, 1999)	0.5
" Ibuprofen may be a suitable candidate for sustained release formulations since its effect may be prolonged without the danger of a shift of side effect from the upper to the lower GI tract."	( Evaluation of gastrointestinal toxicity of ibuprofen using surrogate markers in rats: effect of formulation and route of administration. Jamali, F; Khazaeinia, T, )	1.3
" Both active treatments had a side effect profile similar to placebo."	( Solubilized ibuprofen: evaluation of onset, relief, and safety of a novel formulation in the treatment of episodic tension-type headache. Ashraf, E; Cooper, S; Doyle, G; Jayawardena, S; Koronkiewicz, K; Packman, B; Packman, E, )	0.51
"Conventional nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) are associated with a spectrum of toxic effects, notably gastrointestinal (GI) effects, because of inhibition of cyclooxygenase (COX)-1."	( Gastrointestinal toxicity with celecoxib vs nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs for osteoarthritis and rheumatoid arthritis: the CLASS study: A randomized controlled trial. Celecoxib Long-term Arthritis Safety Study. Agrawal, NM; Burr, AM; Eisen, G; Faich, G; Geis, GS; Goldstein, JL; Kent, JD; Lefkowith, JB; Makuch, R; Pincus, T; Silverstein, FE; Simon, LS; Stenson, WF; Verburg, KM; Whelton, A; Zhao, WW, 2000)	0.31
"To determine whether celecoxib, a COX-2-specific inhibitor, is associated with a lower incidence of significant upper GI toxic effects and other adverse effects compared with conventional NSAIDs."	( Gastrointestinal toxicity with celecoxib vs nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs for osteoarthritis and rheumatoid arthritis: the CLASS study: A randomized controlled trial. Celecoxib Long-term Arthritis Safety Study. Agrawal, NM; Burr, AM; Eisen, G; Faich, G; Geis, GS; Goldstein, JL; Kent, JD; Lefkowith, JB; Makuch, R; Pincus, T; Silverstein, FE; Simon, LS; Stenson, WF; Verburg, KM; Whelton, A; Zhao, WW, 2000)	0.31
"Incidence of prospectively defined symptomatic upper GI ulcers and ulcer complications (bleeding, perforation, and obstruction) and other adverse effects during the 6-month treatment period."	( Gastrointestinal toxicity with celecoxib vs nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs for osteoarthritis and rheumatoid arthritis: the CLASS study: A randomized controlled trial. Celecoxib Long-term Arthritis Safety Study. Agrawal, NM; Burr, AM; Eisen, G; Faich, G; Geis, GS; Goldstein, JL; Kent, JD; Lefkowith, JB; Makuch, R; Pincus, T; Silverstein, FE; Simon, LS; Stenson, WF; Verburg, KM; Whelton, A; Zhao, WW, 2000)	0.31
"In this study, celecoxib, at dosages greater than those indicated clinically, was associated with a lower incidence of symptomatic ulcers and ulcer complications combined, as well as other clinically important toxic effects, compared with NSAIDs at standard dosages."	( Gastrointestinal toxicity with celecoxib vs nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs for osteoarthritis and rheumatoid arthritis: the CLASS study: A randomized controlled trial. Celecoxib Long-term Arthritis Safety Study. Agrawal, NM; Burr, AM; Eisen, G; Faich, G; Geis, GS; Goldstein, JL; Kent, JD; Lefkowith, JB; Makuch, R; Pincus, T; Silverstein, FE; Simon, LS; Stenson, WF; Verburg, KM; Whelton, A; Zhao, WW, 2000)	0.31
" Possible adverse events were noted."	( [Evaluation of the antipyretic safety and accuracy of two pediatric ibuprofen formulations]. Antelo Cortizas , J; Armenteros González , S; Díez Domingo , J; Domínguez Granados , R; Molina Carballo , A; Moreno Carretero , E; Moreno Madrid , F; Moreno Martín , J; Planelles Cantarino , MV; Uberos Fernández , J, 2000)	0.54
" This was the only adverse event recorded in the study."	( [Evaluation of the antipyretic safety and accuracy of two pediatric ibuprofen formulations]. Antelo Cortizas , J; Armenteros González , S; Díez Domingo , J; Domínguez Granados , R; Molina Carballo , A; Moreno Carretero , E; Moreno Madrid , F; Moreno Martín , J; Planelles Cantarino , MV; Uberos Fernández , J, 2000)	0.54
" Although the risk of developing toxic reactions to acetaminophen appears to be lower in children than in adults, such reactions occur in pediatric patients from intentional overdoses."	( Acetaminophen toxicity in children. , 2001)	0.31
"Determination of potential drug toxicity and side effect in early stages of drug development is important in reducing the cost and time of drug discovery."	( Prediction of potential toxicity and side effect protein targets of a small molecule by a ligand-protein inverse docking approach. Chen, YZ; Ung, CY, 2001)	0.31
" The main parameter was the incidence of clinical adverse events."	( Efficacy and long-term safety of dexibuprofen [S(+)-ibuprofen]: a short-term efficacy study in patients with osteoarthritis of the hip and a 1-year tolerability study in patients with rheumatic disorders. Mayrhofer, F, 2001)	0.59
" No drug-related adverse events were recorded."	( Treatment of knee osteoarthritis with a topical non-steroidal antiinflammatory drug. Results of a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled study on the efficacy and safety of a 5% ibuprofen cream. Fimmers, R; Gubzová, Z; Lenhard, G; Miceková, D; Rovenský, J; Schreyger, F; Vögtle-Junkert, U, 2001)	0.5
" Tolerability was assessed by recording adverse events (AEs)."	( Comparison of the efficacy and safety of nonprescription doses of naproxen and naproxen sodium with ibuprofen, acetaminophen, and placebo in the treatment of primary dysmenorrhea: a pooled analysis of five studies. Akin, MD; Dawood, MY; Milsom, I; Minic, M; Niland, NF; Spann, J; Squire, RA, 2002)	0.53
" The data suggest that both COX inhibitors and 5-LOX inhibitors may be neuroprotective in vivo by suppressing toxic actions of microglia/macrophages, and that combinations of the two might have greater therapeutic potential than single inhibitors of either class."	( Cyclooxygenase and 5-lipoxygenase inhibitors protect against mononuclear phagocyte neurotoxicity. Klegeris, A; McGeer, PL, )	0.13
" The Boston University Fever Study aimed to assess the risk of rare but serious adverse events in febrile children."	( The safety of ibuprofen suspension in children. Lesko, SM, 2003)	0.68
"The relative influence of various risk factors for adverse events (AE) in analgesics users have never been precisely quantified."	( Risk factors for adverse events in analgesic drug users: results from the PAIN study. Charlesworth, A; Jones, JK; LeParc, JM; Moore, N; Schneid, H; Van Ganse, E; Verrière, F; Wall, R, )	0.13
" No adverse event was recorded."	( Efficacy and safety of 5% ibuprofen cream treatment in knee osteoarthritis. Results of a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled study. Fischer, M; Schreyger, F; Trnavský, K; Vögtle-Junkert, U, 2004)	0.62
"To assess the effectiveness of pretreatment with ibuprofen or acetaminophen compared with no pretreatment in decreasing adverse events in children and adolescents receiving the first and second series of pamidronate therapy; and to compare the effectiveness of ibuprofen versus acetaminophen for prevention of adverse events associated with pamidronate infusion."	( Effectiveness of pretreatment in decreasing adverse events associated with pamidronate in children and adolescents. Bates, CM; Batisky, DL; Hayes, JR; Mahan, JD; Nahata, MC; Robinson, RE, 2004)	0.58
" Adverse drug events secondary to pamidronate infusion and subsequent drug therapies received were documented."	( Effectiveness of pretreatment in decreasing adverse events associated with pamidronate in children and adolescents. Bates, CM; Batisky, DL; Hayes, JR; Mahan, JD; Nahata, MC; Robinson, RE, 2004)	0.32
"Pretreatment with ibuprofen or acetaminophen appears to decrease the occurrence of adverse events from pamidronate therapy."	( Effectiveness of pretreatment in decreasing adverse events associated with pamidronate in children and adolescents. Bates, CM; Batisky, DL; Hayes, JR; Mahan, JD; Nahata, MC; Robinson, RE, 2004)	0.66
" There were no significant differences in adverse event reporting between groups."	( Comparison of the analgesic efficacy and safety of nonprescription doses of naproxen sodium and Ibuprofen in the treatment of osteoarthritis of the knee. Minic, M; Schiff, M, 2004)	0.54
" However, user ability to discover the most common side effect to the drug seemed not to be affected."	( Awareness and frequency of potential side effects on nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs among the Jordanian patient population. Abdel-Hafiz, SM; Al-Safi, SA; Albsoul-Younes, AM; Jabateh, SK, 2004)	0.32
" Frequencies of adverse events were also recorded."	( Gastroduodenal safety and tolerability of lumiracoxib compared with Ibuprofen and celecoxib in patients with osteoarthritis. Cousin, M; Fiedorowicz-Fabrycy, IF; Gitton, X; Hawkey, CC; Hoexter, G; Nasonov, EL; Pikhlak, EG; Svoboda, P, 2004)	0.56
" A greater number of patients in the ibuprofen group discontinued treatment due to an adverse event compared with both lumiracoxib groups and the celecoxib group."	( Gastroduodenal safety and tolerability of lumiracoxib compared with Ibuprofen and celecoxib in patients with osteoarthritis. Cousin, M; Fiedorowicz-Fabrycy, IF; Gitton, X; Hawkey, CC; Hoexter, G; Nasonov, EL; Pikhlak, EG; Svoboda, P, 2004)	0.83
"Both COX inhibitors were toxic to dams in the highest doses evaluated, which caused a significantly greater incidence of intrauterine growth retardation and developmental variations."	( Developmental toxicity evaluation of ibuprofen and tolmetin administered in triple daily doses to Wistar CRL:(WI)WUBR rats. Burdan, F, 2004)	0.6
" Unlike general toxicity data, their prenatal toxic effects were not extensively studied before."	( Comparison of developmental toxicity of selective and non-selective cyclooxygenase-2 inhibitors in CRL:(WI)WUBR Wistar rats--DFU and piroxicam study. Burdan, F, 2005)	0.33
"Both selective and non-selective COX-2 inhibitors were toxic for rats fetuses when administered in the highest dose."	( Comparison of developmental toxicity of selective and non-selective cyclooxygenase-2 inhibitors in CRL:(WI)WUBR Wistar rats--DFU and piroxicam study. Burdan, F, 2005)	0.33
"5 million adverse drug reaction (ADR) reports for 8620 drugs/biologics that are listed for 1191 Coding Symbols for Thesaurus of Adverse Reaction (COSTAR) terms of adverse effects."	( Assessment of the health effects of chemicals in humans: II. Construction of an adverse effects database for QSAR modeling. Benz, RD; Contrera, JF; Kruhlak, NL; Matthews, EJ; Weaver, JL, 2004)	0.32
" An objective causality assessment revealed that the adverse reaction was possibly related to ibuprofen."	( Optic neuritis with visual field defect--possible Ibuprofen-related toxicity. Gabel, VP; Gamulescu, MA; Schalke, B; Schuierer, G, 2006)	0.81
" Although idiopathic optic neuritis cannot be completely ruled out, the absence of other risk factors and additional findings plus the improvement after discontinuation of the drug speak for isolated toxic optic neuritis of the right eye."	( Optic neuritis with visual field defect--possible Ibuprofen-related toxicity. Gabel, VP; Gamulescu, MA; Schalke, B; Schuierer, G, 2006)	0.59
" These changes may contribute to the adverse effects attributed to COX-2 inhibition by interfering with resolution of inflammation."	( Rofecoxib regulates the expression of genes related to the matrix metalloproteinase pathway in humans: implication for the adverse effects of cyclooxygenase-2 inhibitors. Dionne, RA; Lee, YS; Wang, XM; Wu, TX, 2006)	0.33
"The use and adverse effects of non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) in outpatients with rheumatic diseases has not yet been studied enough."	( [Analysis of the use and adverse effects of non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs: a pilot study]. Perić, A; Toskić-Radojicić, M, 2006)	0.33
" According to the answers given by the patients, the most often adverse reactions were gastric complaints such as nausea (11."	( [Analysis of the use and adverse effects of non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs: a pilot study]. Perić, A; Toskić-Radojicić, M, 2006)	0.33
" Gastric complains such as nausea and gastric pain of mild intensity were the most often adverse effects of NSAIDs reported by our patients."	( [Analysis of the use and adverse effects of non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs: a pilot study]. Perić, A; Toskić-Radojicić, M, 2006)	0.33
" The review establishes that aspirin, paracetamol and ibuprofen are safe in OTC doses and that there is no evidence for any difference between the medicines as regards efficacy and safety for treatment of colds and flu (except in certain cases such as the use of aspirin in feverish children)."	( Efficacy and safety of over-the-counter analgesics in the treatment of common cold and flu. Eccles, R, 2006)	0.58
"Despite the lack of clinical data on the safety and efficacy of analgesics for the treatment of colds and flu symptoms a case can be made that these medicines are safe and effective for treatment of these common illnesses."	( Efficacy and safety of over-the-counter analgesics in the treatment of common cold and flu. Eccles, R, 2006)	0.33
" However, adverse effects should be taken into account in the choice between ibuprofen and acetaminophen."	( [Ibuprofen in childhood: evidence-based review of efficacy and safety]. Cosson, MA; Landre-Peigne, C; Leroy, S; Mosca, A; Pons, G, 2007)	1.48
" A total of 11 patients (4 in the ibuprofen group and 7 in the placebo group) withdrew due to adverse events."	( High-dose ibuprofen in cystic fibrosis: Canadian safety and effectiveness trial. Cantin, AM; Corey, M; Lands, LC; Manson, D; Milner, R, 2007)	1.02
" HSA irreversible alkylation represents a model for other proteins to be potentially toxic and thus may help explain zileuton hepatotoxicity."	( Irreversible alkylation of human serum albumin by zileuton metabolite 2-acetylbenzothiophene-S-oxide: a potential model for hepatotoxicity. Chordia, MD; Li, F; Macdonald, TL; Woodling, KA, 2007)	0.34
"In summary, scientific evidence demonstrates that the rate of serious GI adverse events associated with the use of NSAIDs is comparatively low depending on the definition used, serious GI adverse events occur in 1% of patients each year and occurs in the use of high doses with long-term treatment in chronic conditions."	( Ibuprofen and gastrointestinal safety: a dose-duration-dependent phenomenon. Bjarnason, I, 2007)	1.78
" Ibuprofen-PC was well tolerated with no major adverse events observed."	( Clinical trial: comparison of ibuprofen-phosphatidylcholine and ibuprofen on the gastrointestinal safety and analgesic efficacy in osteoarthritic patients. Anand, BS; Lanza, FL; Lichtenberger, LM; Marathi, UK, 2008)	1.54
" Two experiments with users of an existing high profile patient information website, investigate the effectiveness of presenting medicine side-effect risk information in different forms."	( Perceived risk of medicine side effects in users of a patient information website: a study of the use of verbal descriptors, percentages and natural frequencies. Carrigan, N; Gardner, PH; Knapp, P; Raynor, DK; Woolf, E, 2009)	0.35
" They also add weight to the growing body of research highlighting the deficiencies in using verbal descriptions of side-effect risk alone."	( Perceived risk of medicine side effects in users of a patient information website: a study of the use of verbal descriptors, percentages and natural frequencies. Carrigan, N; Gardner, PH; Knapp, P; Raynor, DK; Woolf, E, 2009)	0.35
" Tarenflurbil (R-flurbiprofen, MPC-7869, Myriad Pharmaceuticals) is an attractive compound because its usage is not associated with the adverse side effects of NSAIDs."	( Tarenflurbil protection from cytotoxicity is associated with an upregulation of neurotrophins. Andrews, PM; Hoe, HS; Rebeck, GW; Zhao, X, 2008)	0.35
" No difference in adverse events between the comparator and the ibuprofen foam with local sustained release of low-dose ibuprofen was observed in this study."	( Reducing wound pain in venous leg ulcers with Biatain Ibu: a randomized, controlled double-blind clinical investigation on the performance and safety. Ahokas, TL; Arenbergerova, M; Ettler, K; Gottrup, F; Harding, K; Jünger, M; Jørgensen, B; Karlsmark, T; Price, P; Rimdeika, R; Sibbald, RG; Sulcaite, R; Venning, V; Vilkevicius, G; Vowden, P; Wortmann, S, )	0.37
" Mild-to-moderate adverse effects were reported."	( A randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled study comparing the efficacy and safety of paracetamol, serratiopeptidase, ibuprofen and betamethasone using the dental impaction pain model. Chopra, D; Kakkar, AK; Mehra, P; Rehan, HS, 2009)	0.56
" Selective cyclooxygenase (COX)-2 inhibitors have been developed to avoid the adverse drug reaction of traditional NSAIDs."	( Pattern recognition analysis for the prediction of adverse effects by nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs using 1H NMR-based metabolomics in rats. Choi, KH; Chung, MW; Kim, KB; Kim, SH; Lee, HJ; Oh, HY; Oh, JS; Um, SY, 2009)	0.35
"Ibuprofen, paracetamol and placebo have similar tolerability and safety profiles in terms of gastrointestinal symptoms, asthma and renal adverse effects."	( Systematic review and meta-analysis of the clinical safety and tolerability of ibuprofen compared with paracetamol in paediatric pain and fever. Kleijnen, J; Soares-Weiser, K; Southey, ER, 2009)	2.02
" The adverse events were also recorded."	( Efficacy and safety of Curcuma domestica extracts in patients with knee osteoarthritis. Chinswangwatanakul, P; Kuptniratsaikul, V; Thamlikitkul, V; Thanakhumtorn, S; Wattanamongkonsil, L, 2009)	0.35
" No significant difference of adverse events between both groups was found (33."	( Efficacy and safety of Curcuma domestica extracts in patients with knee osteoarthritis. Chinswangwatanakul, P; Kuptniratsaikul, V; Thamlikitkul, V; Thanakhumtorn, S; Wattanamongkonsil, L, 2009)	0.35
" domestica extracts seem to be similarly efficacious and safe as ibuprofen for the treatment of knee OA."	( Efficacy and safety of Curcuma domestica extracts in patients with knee osteoarthritis. Chinswangwatanakul, P; Kuptniratsaikul, V; Thamlikitkul, V; Thanakhumtorn, S; Wattanamongkonsil, L, 2009)	0.59
" The evidence for modes of action of ibuprofen are considered in relation to its actions in controlling inflammation, pain and fever, as well as the adverse effects of the drug."	( Ibuprofen: pharmacology, efficacy and safety. Rainsford, KD, 2009)	2.07
" Spontaneous reports of adverse events and adverse drug reactions (ADRs) in clinical trails from long-term coxib comparator studies, as well as in epidemiological studies, shows that ibuprofen has relatively low risks for gastro-intestinal (GI), hepato-renal and other, rarer, ADRs compared with other NSAIDs and coxibs."	( Ibuprofen: pharmacology, efficacy and safety. Rainsford, KD, 2009)	1.99
" covalent modification of liver proteins by the quinine-imine metabolite of paracetamol or irreversible acetylation of biomolecules by aspirin) are support for the view that these pharmacokinetic and notably metabolic effects of ibuprofen favour its low toxic potential."	( Ibuprofen: pharmacology, efficacy and safety. Rainsford, KD, 2009)	1.98
" In the safety study, adverse events were reported for 18."	( Multiple-dose pharmacokinetics and safety of an ibuprofen-pseudoephedrine cold suspension in children. Gelotte, CK; Lavins, BJ; Pendley, C; Prior, MJ; Zimmerman, B, 2010)	0.62
" An understanding of structure-activity relationships (SARs) of chemicals can make a significant contribution to the identification of potential toxic effects early in the drug development process and aid in avoiding such problems."	( Developing structure-activity relationships for the prediction of hepatotoxicity. Fisk, L; Greene, N; Naven, RT; Note, RR; Patel, ML; Pelletier, DJ, 2010)	0.36
" Although both classes of drug are generally well tolerated, they can lead to well-characterized adverse effects."	( Concomitant use of ibuprofen and paracetamol and the risk of major clinical safety outcomes. de Vries, F; Setakis, E; van Staa, TP, 2010)	0.69
" The frequency and severity of treatment-emergent adverse effects were monitored throughout the study."	( Pharmacokinetics, safety, and tolerability of a rapid infusion of i.v. ibuprofen in healthy adults. Pavliv, L; Rock, A; Voss, B, 2011)	0.6
" ibuprofen, when administered over five to seven minutes in healthy subjects, achieved a higher C(max) and a more-rapid t(max) than did oral ibuprofen and was found to be safe and well tolerated."	( Pharmacokinetics, safety, and tolerability of a rapid infusion of i.v. ibuprofen in healthy adults. Pavliv, L; Rock, A; Voss, B, 2011)	1.51
" Our findings demonstrate that the active isomer of ibuprofen at micro- and millimolar levels was not toxic for chondrocytes and synoviocytes and may reduce at 1mM the cell lysis during culture of joint explants."	( In vitro evaluation of (S)-ibuprofen toxicity on joint cells and explants of cartilage and synovial membrane. Bédouet, L; Bonneau, M; Laurent, A; Pascale, F; Wassef, M, 2011)	0.92
" The objective was to assess side effect frequency, degree of bother, and impact on health-related quality of life (HRQoL)."	( Oxycodone-related side effects: impact on degree of bother, adherence, pain relief, satisfaction, and quality of life. Ackerman, SJ; Anastassopoulos, KP; Benson, C; Chow, W; Kim, MS; Tapia, C, )	0.13
" This raises a question about the unmet need for pain medications with improved side effect profiles."	( Oxycodone-related side effects: impact on degree of bother, adherence, pain relief, satisfaction, and quality of life. Ackerman, SJ; Anastassopoulos, KP; Benson, C; Chow, W; Kim, MS; Tapia, C, )	0.13
" The primary endpoints were patient-reported gastrointestinal (GI) adverse events (AEs); the secondary endpoints were the incidence of patient-reported non-GI AEs."	( Short-term acetylsalicylic acid (aspirin) use for pain, fever, or colds - gastrointestinal adverse effects: a meta-analysis of randomized clinical trials. Baron, JA; Brueckner, A; Lanas, A; McCarthy, D; Senn, S; Voelker, M, 2011)	0.37
" However, this group of drugs is associated with serious adverse drug reactions."	( Differential involvement of mitochondrial dysfunction, cytochrome P450 activity, and active transport in the toxicity of structurally related NSAIDs. Unlü, B; van Leeuwen, JS; Vermeulen, NP; Vos, JC, 2012)	0.38
" Safety and adverse events were assessed by reported signs and symptoms, physical examinations, blood tests, cardiac and respiratory function tests."	( Nitric oxide donor and non steroidal anti inflammatory drugs as a therapy for muscular dystrophies: evidence from a safety study with pilot efficacy measures in adult dystrophic patients. Bonato, S; Bresolin, N; Brighina, E; Brunelli, S; Cattaneo, D; Clementi, E; Comi, GP; D'Angelo, MG; Gandossini, S; Magri, F; Martinelli Boneschi, F; Sciorati, C; Stefanoni, G; Turconi, AC, 2012)	0.38
" We examined the possibility that concurrent blockade of free radicals and prostaglandin E(2) (PGE(2))-mediated inflammation might constitute a safe and effective therapeutic approach to ALS."	( Concurrent blockade of free radical and microsomal prostaglandin E synthase-1-mediated PGE2 production improves safety and efficacy in a mouse model of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. Cho, W; Gwag, BJ; Im, DS; Lee, JH; Lee, JK; Lee, YA; Lee, YB; Shin, JH; Springer, JE; Yun, BS, 2012)	0.38
"To compare the incidence of medical closure of patent ductus arteriosus (PDA) and adverse events (acute renal dysfunction, necrotizing enterocolitis, spontaneous intestinal perforation, and gastrointestinal bleeding) between preterm infants who received indomethacin and ibuprofen for the treatment of PDA."	( Effectiveness and safety of indomethacin versus ibuprofen for the treatment of patent ductus arteriosus in preterm infants. Bali, V; Harabor, A; Kamaluddeen, M; Sivanandan, S; Soraisham, AS, 2013)	0.82
" This study also shows that both agents have similar adverse effects and the choice of one agent over the other should be based on local availability and dosing preference."	( Effectiveness and safety of indomethacin versus ibuprofen for the treatment of patent ductus arteriosus in preterm infants. Bali, V; Harabor, A; Kamaluddeen, M; Sivanandan, S; Soraisham, AS, 2013)	0.65
" This study aims to evaluate the degradation of ibuprofen by ozonation once the operating variables have been optimized, investigating the degradation and degradation efficiency of the compound and assessing the toxic effect of ibuprofen and of the intermediate compounds generated during oxidative treatment."	( Ozonation of ibuprofen: a degradation and toxicity study. Acevedo, A; Garrido-Perez, MC; Quero-Pastor, MJ; Quiroga, JM, 2014)	1.03
" Among the patients who took opioids, at least one side effect of moderate or severe intensity (score ≥ 4) was reported by 62%."	( Side effects from oral opioids in older adults during the first week of treatment for acute musculoskeletal pain. Dickey, RM; Esserman, DA; Fillingim, RB; Hunold, KM; Isaacs, CG; McLean, SA; Pereira, GF; Platts-Mills, TF; Sloane, PD, 2013)	0.39
" Intravenous ibuprofen administered at induction of anesthesia may be a safe and efficacious option for postoperative tonsillectomy pain."	( A multicenter, randomized, double-blind placebo-controlled, single dose trial of the safety and efficacy of intravenous ibuprofen for treatment of pain in pediatric patients undergoing tonsillectomy. Bendel, LP; Glover, CD; McCarthy, DL; Moss, JR; Watcha, MF; Witham, SL, 2014)	0.98
" Adverse events (AEs) were also recorded."	( Efficacy and safety of Curcuma domestica extracts compared with ibuprofen in patients with knee osteoarthritis: a multicenter study. Buntragulpoontawee, M; Chootip, C; Dajpratham, P; Kuptniratsaikul, V; Laongpech, S; Lukkanapichonchut, P; Saengsuwan, J; Taechaarpornkul, W; Tantayakom, K, 2014)	0.64
" Gastrointestinal adverse drug reactions were reported in 8 patients (3."	( Comparison of safety, efficacy and tolerability of dexibuprofen and ibuprofen in the treatment of osteoarthritis of the hip or knee. Böttcher, E; Eller, N; Hawel, R; Mitterhuber, J; Rieger, JD; Stallinger, S; Zamani, O, 2014)	0.65
" This study demonstrated that different mixtures of IBU and APAP were associated with different toxic effects in green neon shrimp."	( Acute toxicity of mixture of acetaminophen and ibuprofen to Green Neon Shrimp, Neocaridina denticulate. Chen, CM; Chiu, YW; Huang, DJ; Sung, HH; Wang, SY, 2014)	0.66
"Osteoarthritis patients from previously completed randomized, double-blind, comparison registration trials (REDUCE-1 and 2) which included a broad pain patient population, were pooled and analyzed for (1) the risk of endoscopically identified UGI ulcers over 24 weeks and (2) comparative pre-specified treatment emergent adverse events (TEAEs)."	( Risk of upper gastrointestinal ulcers in patients with osteoarthritis receiving single-tablet ibuprofen/famotidine versus ibuprofen alone: pooled efficacy and safety analyses of two randomized, double-blind, comparison trials. Bello, AE; Grahn, AY; Holt, RJ; Kent, JD; Rice, P, 2014)	0.62
" Adverse events of special interest were generally similar between the 2 groups, with the exception of dyspepsia."	( Risk of upper gastrointestinal ulcers in patients with osteoarthritis receiving single-tablet ibuprofen/famotidine versus ibuprofen alone: pooled efficacy and safety analyses of two randomized, double-blind, comparison trials. Bello, AE; Grahn, AY; Holt, RJ; Kent, JD; Rice, P, 2014)	0.62
" On the other hand, several adverse effects have been reported with such medications, including peripheral vasoconstriction, gastrointestinal bleeding and perforation, weakened platelet aggregation, hyperbilirubinemia and renal failure."	( Safety of therapeutics used in management of patent ductus arteriosus in preterm infants. Erdeve, O; Oncel, MY, 2015)	0.42
" Adverse events (AEs) were collected beginning at the first dose and continued through completion (54 weeks)."	( One-year open-label safety evaluation of the fixed combination of ibuprofen and famotidine with a prospective analysis of dyspepsia. Ball, J; Bello, AE; Grahn, AY; Holt, RJ; Kent, JD, 2015)	0.65
"Most patients (65%) finished the trial, with 76% contributing data at 6 months, and 21% withdrew due to adverse effects."	( One-year open-label safety evaluation of the fixed combination of ibuprofen and famotidine with a prospective analysis of dyspepsia. Ball, J; Bello, AE; Grahn, AY; Holt, RJ; Kent, JD, 2015)	0.65
" Safety was assessed by monitoring the incidence, causality, and severity of adverse events (AEs)."	( One-year safety of ibuprofen/famotidine fixed combination versus ibuprofen alone: pooled analyses of two 24-week randomized, double-blind trials and a follow-on extension. Ball, J; Bello, AE; Grahn, AY; Holt, RJ; Kent, JD, 2015)	0.75
"Ibuprofen (IBU) is an efficacious over-the-counter analgesic/antipyretic with adverse event (AE) rates comparable to placebo."	( Safety of a novel formulation of ibuprofen sodium compared with standard ibuprofen and placebo. Jayawardena, S; Kellstein, D; Leyva, R, 2015)	2.14
" Vital signs, adverse events, and pain scores were assessed."	( The shortened infusion time of intravenous ibuprofen part 1: a multicenter, open-label, surveillance trial to evaluate safety and efficacy. Ayad, SS; Bergese, SD; Candiotti, K; Gan, TJ; Soghomonyan, S, 2015)	0.68
" The most common adverse events experienced by patients were infusion site pain in 22 of 150 patients (15%) and flatulence (8 of 150 [5%])."	( The shortened infusion time of intravenous ibuprofen part 1: a multicenter, open-label, surveillance trial to evaluate safety and efficacy. Ayad, SS; Bergese, SD; Candiotti, K; Gan, TJ; Soghomonyan, S, 2015)	0.68
" Vital signs, adverse events, and pain scores were assessed."	( The shortened infusion time of intravenous ibuprofen, part 2: a multicenter, open-label, surgical surveillance trial to evaluate safety. Bergese, SD; Buvanendran, A; Candiotti, K; Gan, TJ; Philip, BK; Soghomonyan, S; Turan, A; Viscusi, ER, 2015)	0.68
"Approximately 22% (65 of 300) of patients reported adverse events (serious and nonserious)."	( The shortened infusion time of intravenous ibuprofen, part 2: a multicenter, open-label, surgical surveillance trial to evaluate safety. Bergese, SD; Buvanendran, A; Candiotti, K; Gan, TJ; Philip, BK; Soghomonyan, S; Turan, A; Viscusi, ER, 2015)	0.68
"Our study found that IV ibuprofen infused over 5 to 10 minutes at induction of anesthesia is a safe administration option for surgical patients."	( The shortened infusion time of intravenous ibuprofen, part 2: a multicenter, open-label, surgical surveillance trial to evaluate safety. Bergese, SD; Buvanendran, A; Candiotti, K; Gan, TJ; Philip, BK; Soghomonyan, S; Turan, A; Viscusi, ER, 2015)	0.99
" Ibuprofen generated a number of intermediate products that were more toxic than the base compound during photodegradation."	( Photodegradation of ibuprofen under UV-Vis irradiation: mechanism and toxicity of photolysis products. Chen, P; Huang, HP; Kang, YP; Li, FH; Liu, GG; Lv, WY; Yao, K, 2015)	1.65
" Adverse effects were recorded in both groups."	( Efficacy and safety of lornoxicam vs ibuprofen in primary dysmenorrhea: a randomized, double-blind, double dummy, active-controlled, cross over study. Acharya, H; Nakum, K; Patel, JC; Patel, PB; Tripathi, CB, 2015)	0.69
" The incidence of adverse effect was also similar in both groups."	( Efficacy and safety of lornoxicam vs ibuprofen in primary dysmenorrhea: a randomized, double-blind, double dummy, active-controlled, cross over study. Acharya, H; Nakum, K; Patel, JC; Patel, PB; Tripathi, CB, 2015)	0.69
" We compared the adverse effects of a 10-day course of ibuprofen and placebo in 16 five- to six-week-old Holstein bull calves that were being treated for experimentally induced bovine respiratory syncytial virus infection."	( Adverse effects of a 10-day course of ibuprofen in Holstein calves. Anderson, M; Behrens, N; Carvallo Chaigneau, FR; Gershwin, LJ; Gunnarson, B; McEligot, H; Walsh, P, 2016)	0.95
" Although ibuprofen represents the first choice for the closure of PDA, this treatment can cause severe gastrointestinal and adverse renal effects and worsen platelet function."	( Efficacy and safety of intravenous paracetamol in comparison to ibuprofen for the treatment of patent ductus arteriosus in preterm infants: study protocol for a randomized control trial. Comandini, A; Dani, C; Lipone, P; Lista, G; Mosca, F; Poggi, C; Ramenghi, L; Romagnoli, C; Rosignoli, MT; Salvatori, E; Schena, F, 2016)	1.08
" The secondary endpoints include the closure rate of PDA after the second course of treatment with ibuprofen, the re-opening rate of the PDA, the incidence of surgical ligation, and the occurrence of adverse effects."	( Efficacy and safety of intravenous paracetamol in comparison to ibuprofen for the treatment of patent ductus arteriosus in preterm infants: study protocol for a randomized control trial. Comandini, A; Dani, C; Lipone, P; Lista, G; Mosca, F; Poggi, C; Ramenghi, L; Romagnoli, C; Rosignoli, MT; Salvatori, E; Schena, F, 2016)	0.89
" Paracetamol could offer several important therapeutic advantages over current treatment options, and it could become the treatment of choice for the management of PDA, mainly due to its more favorable side effect profile."	( Efficacy and safety of intravenous paracetamol in comparison to ibuprofen for the treatment of patent ductus arteriosus in preterm infants: study protocol for a randomized control trial. Comandini, A; Dani, C; Lipone, P; Lista, G; Mosca, F; Poggi, C; Ramenghi, L; Romagnoli, C; Rosignoli, MT; Salvatori, E; Schena, F, 2016)	0.67
" Binary mixture tests were conducted using proportions of the respective IC50s in terms of toxic unit (TU)."	( Single and mixture toxicity of pharmaceuticals and chlorophenols to freshwater algae Chlorella vulgaris. Geiger, E; Hornek-Gausterer, R; Saçan, MT, 2016)	0.43
"Interindividual variability in drug metabolism is an important cause of adverse drug reactions and variability in drug efficiency."	( How polymorphisms of the cytochrome P450 genes affect ibuprofen and diclofenac metabolism and toxicity. Bilić, I; Božina, N; Dimovski, A; Domjanović, IK; Krasniqi, V, 2016)	0.68
" The aim of this study was to evaluate the toxic effects of three typical NSAIDs, diclofenac (DFC), acetaminophen (APAP) and ibuprofen (IBP), toward the water flea Daphnia magna."	( Toxicity Thresholds for Diclofenac, Acetaminophen and Ibuprofen in the Water Flea Daphnia magna. Du, J; Mei, CF; Xu, MY; Ying, GG, 2016)	0.89
" No excessive user experienced an adverse event."	( Consumer self-selection, safety, and compliance with a novel over-the-counter ibuprofen 600-mg immediate-release and extended-release tablet. Farnsworth, S; Jayawardena, S; Paluch, E; Wilson, B, )	0.36
" This study aimed to describe patent ductus arteriosus (PDA) closure rates and adverse events after repeated courses of OIBU in premature infants with PDA."	( Repeated Courses of Oral Ibuprofen in Premature Infants with Patent Ductus Arteriosus: Efficacy and Safety. Becit, N; Caner, İ; Ceviz, N; Karacan, M; Kartal, İ; Olgun, H; Taştekin, A, 2017)	0.76
" In three patients, adverse effects related to OIBU (thrombocytopenia and impairment of renal function) developed during the first course."	( Repeated Courses of Oral Ibuprofen in Premature Infants with Patent Ductus Arteriosus: Efficacy and Safety. Becit, N; Caner, İ; Ceviz, N; Karacan, M; Kartal, İ; Olgun, H; Taştekin, A, 2017)	0.76
"A second course of OIBU seems effective and safe for use in preterm infants with hsPDA."	( Repeated Courses of Oral Ibuprofen in Premature Infants with Patent Ductus Arteriosus: Efficacy and Safety. Becit, N; Caner, İ; Ceviz, N; Karacan, M; Kartal, İ; Olgun, H; Taştekin, A, 2017)	0.76
"Quick, easy, cheap, effective, rugged, and safe extraction is a modern sample preparation method that involves a number of steps with a low susceptibility to error."	( A throughput method using the quick easy cheap effective rugged safe method for the quantification of ibuprofen and its main metabolites in soils. Delerue-Matos, C; Paíga, P, 2016)	0.65
" Secondary endpoints included opioid requirements, quality of recovery scale (QoR), length of post-anesthesia care unit (PACU) stay, antiemetic consumption, opioid consumption, and opioid related adverse events."	( A Randomized Trial Comparing the Safety and Efficacy of Intravenous Ibuprofen versus Ibuprofen and Acetaminophen in Knee or Hip Arthroplasty. Abubaker, H; Ahrendtsen, L; Demas, E; Gupta, A, 2016)	0.67
" Opioid requirements and adverse events were significantly less in Group 2 which was also statistically significant."	( A Randomized Trial Comparing the Safety and Efficacy of Intravenous Ibuprofen versus Ibuprofen and Acetaminophen in Knee or Hip Arthroplasty. Abubaker, H; Ahrendtsen, L; Demas, E; Gupta, A, 2016)	0.67
"IV ibuprofen combined with IV acetaminophen demonstrated additional benefit in terms of improved pain scores on post-operative day 3 only, fewer potential adverse events related to opioid use, and decreased use of opioids when compared to IV ibuprofen alone."	( A Randomized Trial Comparing the Safety and Efficacy of Intravenous Ibuprofen versus Ibuprofen and Acetaminophen in Knee or Hip Arthroplasty. Abubaker, H; Ahrendtsen, L; Demas, E; Gupta, A, 2016)	1.29
"Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs), which are globally prescribed, exhibit mainly anti-inflammatory and analgesic effects but also can cause adverse effects including gastrointestinal erosions, ulceration, bleeding, and perforation."	( (1)H-Nuclear magnetic resonance-based metabolic profiling of nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug-induced adverse effects in rats. Choi, KH; Chung, MW; Lee, HJ; Park, JH; Um, SY, 2016)	0.43
" The benefit-risk profile of mefenamic acid should now be re-evaluated in light of effective and less toxic alternatives."	( Central nervous system toxicity of mefenamic acid overdose compared with other NSAIDs: an analysis of cases reported to the United Kingdom National Poisons Information Service. Cooper, G; Crichton, S; Eddleston, M; Kamour, A; Lupton, DJ; Thomas, SH; Thompson, JP; Vale, JA, 2017)	0.46
" Studies were pooled for post hoc analyses of efficacy and adverse event end points."	( Antipyretic Efficacy and Safety of Ibuprofen Versus Acetaminophen Suspension in Febrile Children: Results of 2 Randomized, Double-Blind, Single-Dose Studies. Jayawardena, S; Kellstein, D, 2017)	0.73
" However, toxicity in natural ecosystems is not usually the result of exposure to a single substance but to a mixture of toxic agents, yet only a few studies have evaluated the toxicity of mixtures."	( Cyto-genotoxicity and oxidative stress in common carp (Cyprinus carpio) exposed to a mixture of ibuprofen and diclofenac. Dublán-García, O; Galar-Martínez, M; Islas-Flores, H; Manuel Gómez-Oliván, L; Michelle Sánchez-Ocampo, E; Ortíz-Reynoso, M; SanJuan-Reyes, N, 2017)	0.67
" Further, patients were asked about use of over-the-counter analgesics, adverse effects and how the treatment affected their everyday life."	( Switching, Adverse Effects and Use of Over-the-Counter Analgesics among Users of Oral Anticoagulants: A Pharmacy-based Survey. Grove, EL; Hellfritzsch, M; Hyllested, LMR; Meegaard, L; Pottegård, A; Wiberg-Hansen, A, 2017)	0.46
" There were no differences in safety parameters or serious adverse events."	( A multicenter, randomized, open-label, active-comparator trial to determine the efficacy, safety, and pharmacokinetics of intravenous ibuprofen for treatment of fever in hospitalized pediatric patients. Chumpitazi, CE; Hahn, BJ; Kaelin, BA; Khalil, SN; Macias, CG; Rock, AD, 2017)	0.66
" Based on the current evidence, short-term use of ibuprofen is considered safe in infants older than 3 months of age having a body weight above 5-6 kg when special attention is given to the hydration of the patient."	( Efficacy and Safety of Ibuprofen in Infants Aged Between 3 and 6 Months. Erb, TO; van den Anker, JN; Ziesenitz, VC; Zutter, A, 2017)	1.02
" The outcome was major nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug toxicity, including time to first occurrence of major adverse cardiovascular events, important gastrointestinal events, renal events, and all-cause mortality."	( The Risk of Major NSAID Toxicity with Celecoxib, Ibuprofen, or Naproxen: A Secondary Analysis of the PRECISION Trial. Borer, JS; Brennan, DM; Husni, ME; Libby, PA; Lincoff, AM; Lϋscher, TF; Menon, V; Nissen, SE; Solomon, DH; Wisniewski, LM; Yeomans, ND, 2017)	0.71
" Adverse events were infrequent and mostly mild or moderate across treatment groups."	( Efficacy and safety of a fixed-dose combination of ibuprofen and caffeine in the management of moderate to severe dental pain after third molar extraction. Hegewisch, A; Lange, R; Muse, DD; Richter, E; Weiser, T, 2018)	0.73
" No difference in adverse events was observed between the two groups."	( Efficacy and safety of adalimumab by intra-articular injection for moderate to severe knee osteoarthritis: An open-label randomized controlled trial. Wang, J, 2018)	0.48
" Main outcomes included pain relief measured using visual analogue scale at 2, 4 and 12 weeks and patient global assessment (PGA) at 4 and 12 weeks for efficacy, all-cause withdrawals, and adverse events."	( Efficacy and safety of diclofenac in osteoarthritis: Results of a network meta-analysis of unpublished legacy studies. Andrew Moore, R; Chaves, RL; Guyot, P; Iqbal, A; Nixon, RM; Pandhi, S, 2017)	0.46
"Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs), both non-selective and selective cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) inhibitors, are among the most widely prescribed drugs worldwide, but associate with increased blood pressure (BP) and adverse cardiovascular (CV) events."	( Differential blood pressure effects of ibuprofen, naproxen, and celecoxib in patients with arthritis: the PRECISION-ABPM (Prospective Randomized Evaluation of Celecoxib Integrated Safety Versus Ibuprofen or Naproxen Ambulatory Blood Pressure Measurement) Beckerman, B; Borer, JS; Davey, DA; Fayyad, R; Flammer, AJ; Graham, DY; Husni, ME; Iorga, D; Krum, H; Libby, P; Lincoff, AM; Lüscher, TF; Menon, V; Nissen, SE; Ruschitzka, F; Solomon, DH; Wisniewski, LM; Yeomans, ND, 2017)	0.72
" The results from the biological assays show that primary PPCP is more toxic than the mixture of secondary products."	( Abiotic degradation and environmental toxicity of ibuprofen: Roles of mineral particles and solar radiation. Acharya, S; Chan, A; Gurung, R; Maldonado-Torres, S; Piyasena, M; Rijal, H; Rogelj, S; Rubasinghege, G, 2018)	0.73
"To determine the relative risks of cardiovascular (CV), gastrointestinal (GI), and renal adverse events during long-term treatment with celecoxib, compared with ibuprofen and naproxen, in patients with osteoarthritis (OA) and patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA)."	( Differences in Safety of Nonsteroidal Antiinflammatory Drugs in Patients With Osteoarthritis and Patients With Rheumatoid Arthritis: A Randomized Clinical Trial. Bao, W; Berger, MF; Borer, JS; Graham, DY; Husni, ME; Libby, P; Lincoff, AM; Lüscher, TF; Menon, V; Nissen, SE; Solomon, DH; Wang, Q; Wisniewski, LM; Wolski, KE; Yeomans, ND, 2018)	0.68
" The main outcomes were the first occurrence of a major adverse CV event, GI event, or renal event, and mortality."	( Differences in Safety of Nonsteroidal Antiinflammatory Drugs in Patients With Osteoarthritis and Patients With Rheumatoid Arthritis: A Randomized Clinical Trial. Bao, W; Berger, MF; Borer, JS; Graham, DY; Husni, ME; Libby, P; Lincoff, AM; Lüscher, TF; Menon, V; Nissen, SE; Solomon, DH; Wang, Q; Wisniewski, LM; Wolski, KE; Yeomans, ND, 2018)	0.48
"Treatment with celecoxib at approved dosages conferred a similar or lower risk of CV, GI, and renal adverse events compared with treatment with ibuprofen or naproxen in patients with OA and patients with RA."	( Differences in Safety of Nonsteroidal Antiinflammatory Drugs in Patients With Osteoarthritis and Patients With Rheumatoid Arthritis: A Randomized Clinical Trial. Bao, W; Berger, MF; Borer, JS; Graham, DY; Husni, ME; Libby, P; Lincoff, AM; Lüscher, TF; Menon, V; Nissen, SE; Solomon, DH; Wang, Q; Wisniewski, LM; Wolski, KE; Yeomans, ND, 2018)	0.68
" Although effective, these agents can be associated with adverse effects that may limit their use in some people."	( Cardiorenal Safety of OTC Analgesics. Angiolillo, DJ; Davidson, MH; Kloner, RA; White, WB, 2018)	0.48
"Oral ibuprofen is believed to be safe and effective after pediatric adenotonsillectomy."	( Safety of preoperative ibuprofen in pediatric tonsillectomy. Buchinsky, FJ; Isaacson, G; Michael, A, 2018)	1.31
" Since long-term adverse effects of these xenobiotics and their biological and pharmacokinetic activity especially at environmentally relevant concentrations are better understood, degradation of such contaminants has become a major concern."	( Organic micropollutants paracetamol and ibuprofen-toxicity, biodegradation, and genetic background of their utilization by bacteria. Guzik, U; Hupert-Kocurek, K; Marchlewicz, A; Piński, A; Wojcieszyńska, D; Żur, J, 2018)	0.75
"0 °C), the mean time when first normalization of body temperature, and the development of adverse events including gastrointestinal problem, elevated liver enzyme, and thrombocytopenia."	( The antipyretic efficacy and safety of propacetamol compared with dexibuprofen in febrile children: a multicenter, randomized, double-blind, comparative, phase 3 clinical trial. Choi, SJ; Choi, UY; Chun, YH; Jeong, DC; Kim, HM; Lee, J; Lee, JH; Moon, S; Rhim, JW, 2018)	0.72
"Intravenous propacetamol may be a safe and effective choice for pediatric URTI patients presenting with fever who are not able to take oral medications or need faster fever control."	( The antipyretic efficacy and safety of propacetamol compared with dexibuprofen in febrile children: a multicenter, randomized, double-blind, comparative, phase 3 clinical trial. Choi, SJ; Choi, UY; Chun, YH; Jeong, DC; Kim, HM; Lee, J; Lee, JH; Moon, S; Rhim, JW, 2018)	0.72
"We hypothesized (1) that gastrointestinal (GI) and renal adverse events (AE) would occur more often in infants first prescribed ibuprofen before rather than after six months of age and (2) that ibuprofen would be associated with more adverse effects than acetaminophen in infants younger than six months."	( Safety of ibuprofen in infants younger than six months: A retrospective cohort study. Bang, H; Rothenberg, SJ; Walsh, P, 2018)	1.09
" The results of these studies indicated that phospholipids with NSAIDs at both sn-1 and sn-2 positions (15 and 16) were more toxic than ibuprofen or naproxen themselves, whereas 2-lysophosphatidylcholines (7 and 8) were less toxic against all tested cell lines."	( Syntheses and cytotoxicity of phosphatidylcholines containing ibuprofen or naproxen moieties. Grudniewska, A; Kiełbowicz, G; Kocbach, B; Kłobucki, M; Maciejewska, G; Ugorski, M; Urbaniak, A; Wawrzeńczyk, C, 2019)	0.96
" The risk score was designed to predict the 1-year occurrence of major toxicity among NSAID users, including major adverse cardiovascular events, acute kidney injury, significant gastrointestinal events, and mortality."	( Derivation and Validation of a Major Toxicity Risk Score Among Nonsteroidal Antiinflammatory Drug Users Based on Data From a Randomized Controlled Trial. Husni, ME; Nissen, S; Paynter, N; Shao, M; Solomon, DH; Wolski, K, 2019)	0.51
" Germination tests are important to evaluate the quality of soil and the toxic effects that contaminants can pose to plants."	( Individual and mixture toxicity evaluation of three pharmaceuticals to the germination and growth of Lactuca sativa seeds. Antão, C; Delerue-Matos, C; Oliva-Teles, F; Ramos, S; Rede, D; Santos, LHMLM; Sousa, SR, 2019)	0.51
" Ibuprofen is associated with certain well-known gastrointestinal adverse effects that are related to dose and patient population."	( Ibuprofen Safety at the Golden Anniversary: Are all NSAIDs the Same? A Narrative Review. Dowling, P; Paladini, A; Pergolizzi, JV; Varrassi, G, 2020)	2.91
" Time to meaningful pain relief and duration of pain relief were assessed; tolerability was evaluated by adverse events."	( Efficacy and Safety of Single and Multiple Doses of a Fixed-dose Combination of Ibuprofen and Acetaminophen in the Treatment of Postsurgical Dental Pain: Results From 2 Phase 3, Randomized, Parallel-group, Double-blind, Placebo-controlled Studies. Cruz-Rivera, M; DePadova, E; Kellstein, D; Leyva, R; Muse, D; Paluch, E; Searle, S, 2020)	0.79
" Adverse event rates were lowest with the FDC."	( Efficacy and Safety of Single and Multiple Doses of a Fixed-dose Combination of Ibuprofen and Acetaminophen in the Treatment of Postsurgical Dental Pain: Results From 2 Phase 3, Randomized, Parallel-group, Double-blind, Placebo-controlled Studies. Cruz-Rivera, M; DePadova, E; Kellstein, D; Leyva, R; Muse, D; Paluch, E; Searle, S, 2020)	0.79
" In this study, the effects of polystyrene nanoplastics (NP) on the toxic effects, bioaccumulation, biodegradation and enantioselectivity of ibuprofen (IBU) in algae Chlorella pyrenoidosa were explored."	( The influence of nanoplastics on the toxic effects, bioaccumulation, biodegradation and enantioselectivity of ibuprofen in freshwater algae Chlorella pyrenoidosa. Duan, L; Qu, H; Wang, B; Wang, F; Yu, G; Zhang, Y; Zhao, W; Zhou, Y, 2020)	0.97
" In this work, we propose to infuse a competitor drug into the extracorporeal circuit that increases the free fraction of a toxic drug and thereby increases its dialytic removal."	( A model-based analysis of phenytoin and carbamazepine toxicity treatment using binding-competition during hemodialysis. Fuertinger, DH; Hoffman, RS; Kotanko, P; Maheshwari, V; Tao, X; Thijssen, S, 2020)	0.56
" One such toxic effect on testicular tissues is not well studied and the underlying molecular mechanisms remain unexplored."	( Selenium Ameliorates Ibuprofen Induced Testicular Toxicity by Redox Regulation: Running Head: Se protects against NSAID induced testicular toxicity. Ghanghas, P; Kaur, J; Kaur, P; Kaushal, N; Sharma, P, 2020)	0.88
"This study sought to determine whether a brief intervention at the time of emergency department (ED) discharge can improve safe dosing of liquid acetaminophen and ibuprofen by parents or guardians."	( Medication Education for Dosing Safety: A Randomized Controlled Trial. Camargo, CA; Cohen, A; Espinola, JA; Faridi, M; Hayes, BD; Naureckas Li, C; Porter, S; Samuels-Kalow, M, 2020)	0.75
" The primary outcome was defined as parent or guardian report of safe dosing at the time of first follow-up call."	( Medication Education for Dosing Safety: A Randomized Controlled Trial. Camargo, CA; Cohen, A; Espinola, JA; Faridi, M; Hayes, BD; Naureckas Li, C; Porter, S; Samuels-Kalow, M, 2020)	0.56
" Among those participants receiving the intervention, 25 of 35 (71%) were able to identify a safe dose for their child at the time of the first call compared with 28 of 62 (45%) of those in the control arm."	( Medication Education for Dosing Safety: A Randomized Controlled Trial. Camargo, CA; Cohen, A; Espinola, JA; Faridi, M; Hayes, BD; Naureckas Li, C; Porter, S; Samuels-Kalow, M, 2020)	0.56
"A multifaceted intervention at the time of ED discharge-consisting of a simplified dosing handout, a teaching session, teach-back, and provision of a standardized dosing device-can improve parents' knowledge of safe dosing of liquid medications at 48 to 72 hours."	( Medication Education for Dosing Safety: A Randomized Controlled Trial. Camargo, CA; Cohen, A; Espinola, JA; Faridi, M; Hayes, BD; Naureckas Li, C; Porter, S; Samuels-Kalow, M, 2020)	0.56
"The proliferation and possible adverse effects of emerging contaminants such as pharmaceutical and personal care products (PPCPs) in waters and the environment is a cause for increasing concern."	( Bacterial ecotoxicity and shifts in bacterial communities associated with the removal of ibuprofen, diclofenac and triclosan in biopurification systems. Aguilar-Romero, I; Romero, E; van Dillewijn, P; Wittich, RM, 2020)	0.78
" After drug administration, the children were admitted and observed in the hospital for six hours during which period a half-hourly temperature measurement and monitoring for adverse events were done."	( Ibuprofen versus paracetamol for treating fever in preschool children in Nigeria: a randomized clinical trial of effectiveness and safety. Akande, PA; Alaje, EO; Meremikwu, MM; Odey, FA; Udoh, EE, 2020)	2
" The adverse events of both drugs were mild and quite comparable with vomiting being the commonest."	( Ibuprofen versus paracetamol for treating fever in preschool children in Nigeria: a randomized clinical trial of effectiveness and safety. Akande, PA; Alaje, EO; Meremikwu, MM; Odey, FA; Udoh, EE, 2020)	2
" The adverse events of both drugs were mild and comparable."	( Ibuprofen versus paracetamol for treating fever in preschool children in Nigeria: a randomized clinical trial of effectiveness and safety. Akande, PA; Alaje, EO; Meremikwu, MM; Odey, FA; Udoh, EE, 2020)	2
" The outcome measures of interest in the meta-analysis were ≥ 50% pain relief , need for rescue medications, and occurrence of adverse drug events."	( Efficacy and Safety of Ibuprofen Plus Paracetamol in a Fixed-Dose Combination for Acute Postoperative Pain in Adults: Meta-Analysis and a Trial Sequential Analysis. Abushanab, D; Al-Badriyeh, D, 2021)	0.93
" While inconclusive based on TSA, the FDC was at the highest doses at least as well tolerated as placebo regarding the occurrence of adverse events, including severe, common, and treatment-related adverse events, as well as those that lead to discontinuation, but it was also significantly associated with lower rates of headache and nausea."	( Efficacy and Safety of Ibuprofen Plus Paracetamol in a Fixed-Dose Combination for Acute Postoperative Pain in Adults: Meta-Analysis and a Trial Sequential Analysis. Abushanab, D; Al-Badriyeh, D, 2021)	0.93
" Safety and tolerability of the FDC were assessed by adverse events (AEs) for the total group and subgroups (age, sex, race)."	( Safety and tolerability of fixed-dose combinations of ibuprofen and acetaminophen: pooled analysis of phase 1-3 clinical trials. Cruz-Rivera, M; Kellstein, D; Leyva, R; Meeves, S; Su, J, 2021)	0.87
"Despite ibuprofen widely recognized safety profile, an increase of suspected adverse events has been reported in the last decade in parallel with its growing over-the-counter use."	( Prescribing patterns, indications and adverse events of ibuprofen in children: results from a national survey among Italian pediatricians. Banderali, G; Ferrara, P; Martinelli, M; Quaglietta, L; Romano, C; Staiano, A, 2021)	1.3
" Sixty-three (35%) out of 181 participating pediatricians reported 191 adverse events during ibuprofen administration."	( Prescribing patterns, indications and adverse events of ibuprofen in children: results from a national survey among Italian pediatricians. Banderali, G; Ferrara, P; Martinelli, M; Quaglietta, L; Romano, C; Staiano, A, 2021)	1.09
" The reported adverse events were mild in most of the cases and often related to errors in dosage, frequency and treatment duration, emphasizing the need for a major caution of both practitioners and patients in their use."	( Prescribing patterns, indications and adverse events of ibuprofen in children: results from a national survey among Italian pediatricians. Banderali, G; Ferrara, P; Martinelli, M; Quaglietta, L; Romano, C; Staiano, A, 2021)	0.87
" The secondary outcomes include components of the primary outcome as well as clinical outcomes related to response to treatment or adverse effects of treatment."	( Relative effectiveness and safety of pharmacotherapeutic agents for patent ductus arteriosus (PDA) in preterm infants: a protocol for a multicentre comparative effectiveness study (CANRxPDA). Abou Mehrem, A; Adie, M; Alvaro, R; Ben Fadel, N; Bhattacharya, S; Bodani, J; Canning, R; Dorling, J; Drolet, C; Gardner, CE; Hatfield, T; Hyderi, A; Jain, A; Jasani, B; Kanungo, J; Khurshid, F; Kumaran, K; Lapointe, A; Louis, D; Mitra, S; Morin, A; Shah, P; Soraisham, A; Stavel, M; Ting, JY; Weisz, D; Ye, XY, 2021)	0.62
" Secondary outcome was the incidence of adverse effects."	( Efficacy and safety of ibuprofen in children with musculoskeletal injuries: A systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. Jin, J; Wan, Z; Wang, J; Wang, X, 2021)	0.93
" The incidence of total adverse effects was lower in the ibuprofen group (RR = 0."	( Efficacy and safety of ibuprofen in children with musculoskeletal injuries: A systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. Jin, J; Wan, Z; Wang, J; Wang, X, 2021)	1.18
"Ibuprofen provides a better pain relief with a lower incidence of adverse effects in children with musculoskeletal injuries as compared to other analgesics."	( Efficacy and safety of ibuprofen in children with musculoskeletal injuries: A systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. Jin, J; Wan, Z; Wang, J; Wang, X, 2021)	2.37
"The aim of this meta-analysis was to assess the analgesic efficacy and adverse effects of celecoxib compared to non-opioid drugs after third molar surgery."	( Analgesic effectiveness and safety of celecoxib versus non-opioid active controls after third molar surgery: A meta-analytical evaluation. Alonso-Castro, ÁJ; Franco-de la Torre, L; Franco-González, MA; Isiordia-Espinoza, MA, 2022)	0.72
" Adverse event data was collected throughout the study, in addition to scheduled vital sign assessments, laboratory tests and electrocardiograms."	( Extending the safety profile of the post-operative administration of an intravenous acetaminophen/ibuprofen fixed dose combination: An open-label, multi-center, single arm, multiple dose study. Atkinson, H; Carson, S; Gilchrist, N; Gottlieb, IJ; Stanescu, I, 2021)	0.84
" The FDC was safe when used for 48 h to 5 days."	( Extending the safety profile of the post-operative administration of an intravenous acetaminophen/ibuprofen fixed dose combination: An open-label, multi-center, single arm, multiple dose study. Atkinson, H; Carson, S; Gilchrist, N; Gottlieb, IJ; Stanescu, I, 2021)	0.84
" However, paracetamol caused fewer adverse effects."	( Comparative safety and efficacy of paracetamol versus non-steroidal anti-inflammatory agents in neonates with patent ductus arteriosus: A systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. Chatziravdeli, VI; Dardiotis, E; Doxani, C; Katsaras, DN; Katsaras, GN; Mitsiakos, G; Papavasileiou, GN; Stefanidis, I; Touloupaki, M, 2022)	0.72
" Seven studies reported adverse events, of which 4 studies had mild adverse events."	( The efficacy and safety of simple-needling for the treatment of primary dysmenorrhea compared with ibuprofen: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Cao, Q; Fu, Y; Huang, Y; Li, L; Liu, D; Xuan, Y; Zhang, H, 2022)	0.94
" A small number of studies reported whether simple-needling produced adverse events, so there is not enough evidence to support the safety of simple-needling in the treatment of PD."	( The efficacy and safety of simple-needling for the treatment of primary dysmenorrhea compared with ibuprofen: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Cao, Q; Fu, Y; Huang, Y; Li, L; Liu, D; Xuan, Y; Zhang, H, 2022)	0.94
"Based on low-grade evidence, high dose ibuprofen may more effectively reduce rates of PDA ligation compared to standard dose with no increase in adverse effects, neonatal morbidities and mortality."	( Efficacy and safety of high versus standard dose ibuprofen for patent ductus arteriosus treatment in preterm infants: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Jain, A; Jasani, B; Shahroor, M; Weisz, D; Yeung, T, 2022)	1.24
"Acetylsalicylic acid (ASA) is a non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug used in the treatment of acute rheumatic fever (ARF) and it can cause serious adverse effects."	( The effectiveness and safety of ibuprofen and acetylsalicylic acid in acute rheumatic fever. Gürses, D; Tükenmez, G; Yılmaz, M, 2022)	1
"The results of this study suggest that ibuprofen can be a safe alternative in the treatment of ARF, especially in young children."	( The effectiveness and safety of ibuprofen and acetylsalicylic acid in acute rheumatic fever. Gürses, D; Tükenmez, G; Yılmaz, M, 2022)	1.27
" However ibuprofen comes with serious unavoidable adverse effects on various organs when used for long duration or overdosed."	( Trichopus zeylanicus ameliorates ibuprofen inebriated hepatotoxicity and enteropathy: an insight into its modulatory impact on pro/anti-inflammatory cytokines and apoptotic signaling pathways. Panchal, NK; Prince, SE; Swarnalatha, P, 2022)	1.42
" Adverse drug reactions may be renal, gastrointestinal, hematological, or immunologic."	( Efficacy and Safety of NSAIDs in Infants: A Comprehensive Review of the Literature of the Past 20 Years. Gorenflo, M; Saur, P; van den Anker, JN; van Dyk, M; Welzel, T; Ziesenitz, VC, 2022)	0.72
"To quantify the frequency and intensity of adverse events (AEs), commonly known as side effects, experienced by children receiving either ibuprofen or oxycodone for pain management following an acute fracture."	( Quantifying the intensity of adverse events with ibuprofen and oxycodone: an observational cohort study. Ali, S; Carleton, B; Drendel, AL; Gourlay, K; Johnson, DW; Le May, S; Ortiz, S; Rosychuk, RJ; Watts, R; Yukseloglu, A, 2022)	1.18
"The efficacy and tolerability of ibuprofen treatment in obese children and presence of any adverse drug reactions."	( Ibuprofen efficacy, tolerability and safety in obese children: a systematic review. Gill, A; Hawcutt, DB; Huws, A; McWilliam, SJ; Shamsaee, E, 2023)	2.63
"One study described adverse effects."	( Ibuprofen efficacy, tolerability and safety in obese children: a systematic review. Gill, A; Hawcutt, DB; Huws, A; McWilliam, SJ; Shamsaee, E, 2023)	2.35
" In addition, rectal dexibuprofen did not increase the incidence of adverse outcomes, including bronchopulmonary dysplasia, intraventricular hemorrhage, sepsis, and necrotising enterocolitis."	( Effectiveness and safety of rectal dexibuprofen versus oral ibuprofen for closure of patent ductus arteriosus in preterm infants with gestational age<34 weeks: A pilot study. Chen, XQ; Cui, SD; Pan, JJ; Yang, Y; Zhou, XG, )	0.71
" Although the use of indomethacin is the standard therapy for PDA, it is sometimes not applicable because of its adverse effects, such as renal and platelet dysfunctions."	( iPAPP: study protocol for a multicentre randomised controlled trial comparing safety and efficacy of intravenous paracetamol and indomethacin for the treatment of patent ductus arteriosus in preterm infants. Fukuoka, N; Honda, M; Kawada, K; Kikuchi, K; Mikami, M; Motojima, Y; Namba, F; Ogawa, K; Sakatani, S; Sako, M; Ueda, K, 2023)	0.91
"Ibuprofen, a nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug, is considered a safe and effective analgesic for treating different types of pain and joint disorders."	( Comparative Pharmacokinetics and Safety Studies of Dexibuprofen Injection and a Branded Product Ibuprofen Injection in Healthy Chinese Volunteers. Hua, W; Su, M; Wang, M; Zhang, Q; Zhou, W; Zong, S, 2023)	2.6
" These findings have led some to suggest that acetaminophen is a safe and effective therapy for PDA closure."	( Acetaminophen for the patent ductus arteriosus: has safety been adequately demonstrated? Jensen, EA; McCulley, DJ; Mitra, S; Wright, CJ, 2023)	0.91
" No drug-related adverse events were reported."	( A Multi-Center Evaluation of the Pharmacokinetics and Safety of Intravenous Ibuprofen in Infants 1-6 Months of Age. Berkenbosch, JW; Gibson, BHY; Glover, CD; Kaelin, B; Patel, NV; Taylor, MB; Zhong, J, 2023)	1.14

Pharmacokinetics

A 20 mg/kg dose of ibuprofen suspension is recommended, with blood samples for pharmacokinetic analysis obtained 30, 45, and 60 minutes after the dose is administered. Increased mean retention time, Vd, T½ and decreased AUC, Cmax and clearance during CHH further strengthened the present findings.

Excerpt	Reference	Relevance
" At average plasma concentrations of 24-83 mg/liter, ibuprofen decreased the biological half-life and increased the total clearance of warfarin."	( Comparative pharmacokinetics of coumarin anticoagulants XXV: Warfarin-ibuprofen interaction in rats. Levy, G; Slattery, JT; Yacobi, A, 1977)	0.74
"The pharmacokinetic parameters of ibuprofen enantiomers after a single 600 mg dose and repeated 3 x 400 mg doses of Nurofen were determined in 12 healthy volunteers."	( Pharmacokinetics of ibuprofen enantiomers after single and repeated doses in man. Caillé, G; Nicolas, P; Oliary, J; Petitjean, O; Tod, M, 1992)	0.89
" Pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic analyses were performed with temperature as the effect parameter and mean acetaminophen, total ibuprofen, and ibuprofen stereoisomer concentrations over time."	( Pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of ibuprofen isomers and acetaminophen in febrile children. Cox, S; Edge, JH; Kelley, MT; Mortensen, ME; Walson, PD, 1992)	0.75
" Cmax occurred about 2 1/2 hours before maximum antipyresis, when plasma acetaminophen or ibuprofen was 25 to 50% less than Cmax."	( Single-dose pharmacokinetics of ibuprofen and acetaminophen in febrile children. Bertrand, KM; Brown, RD; Eichler, VF; Johnson, VA; Kearns, GL; Wilson, JT, 1992)	0.79
"The pharmacokinetic properties of two solid form, 400 mg ibuprofen (IP) preparations, a soft gelatin capsule and a film-coated tablet, were compared to those obtained after the administration of liquid prepared from effervescent IP tablets."	( Relative pharmacokinetics of three oral 400 mg ibuprofen dosage forms in healthy volunteers. Paronen, P; Peura, P; Saano, V; Vidgren, M, 1991)	0.78
" Pharmacokinetic parameters were calculated using a linear computer program."	( Pharmacokinetics of ibuprofen enantiomers in dogs. Beck, WS; Brune, K; Engler, H; Geisslinger, G, 1991)	0.6
" Since only S(+)-ibuprofen inhibits cyclo-oxygenase, a description of the time course of this isomer in synovial fluid is needed for the development of suitable pharmacodynamic models."	( Pharmacokinetics of the R(-) and S(+) enantiomers of ibuprofen in the serum and synovial fluid of arthritis patients. Cox, SR; Forbes, KK; Gall, EP; Goris, G; Gresham, M, 1991)	0.87
"03 micrograms/ml) than those achieved after the reference preparation showing a Cmax of 40."	( [Pharmacokinetics and bioequivalence of two ibuprofen formulations]. Berner, G; Engels, B; Kieferndorf, U; Lenhard, G; Vögtle-Junkert, U, 1990)	0.54
"The pharmacokinetic properties of two 200 mg, over-the-counter (OTC) ibuprofen preparations were compared in a randomized crossover study on ten healthy volunteers."	( Pharmacokinetics of ibuprofen in man: a single-dose comparison of two over-the-counter, 200 mg preparations. Karttunen, P; Paronen, P; Peura, P; Saano, V; Vidgren, M, 1990)	0.84
" The pharmacokinetic parameters in humans showed that S(+)-ibuprofen was not inverted to R(-)-ibuprofen, whereas R(-)-ibuprofen was inverted to S(+)-ibuprofen to a variable degree."	( Pharmacokinetics of S(+)- and R(-)-ibuprofen in volunteers and first clinical experience of S(+)-ibuprofen in rheumatoid arthritis. Bach, GL; Brune, K; Geisslinger, G; Loew, D; Schuster, O; Stock, KP, 1990)	0.8
"Pharmacokinetic Variables under Therapy with a Nonsteroidal Antirheumatic with a Short Half-life Measured in 65-80 Years Old Patients."	( [Pharmacokinetic variables under therapy with a nonsteroidal antirheumatic with a short half-life in patients over 65 years old]. Baurecht, W; Sprekeler, R, 1989)	0.28
" While activity is due mainly to the S enantiomer, pharmacokinetic interpretations, as well as criteria to assess the bioequivalence of IB formulations, are based on measurements of the total (S + R) drug concentrations."	( Pharmacokinetics of ibuprofen enantiomers in humans following oral administration of tablets with different absorption rates. Coutts, RT; Jamali, F; Pasutto, FM; Russell, AS; Singh, NN, 1988)	0.6
" Utilizing reported pharmacokinetic parameters, plasma concentrations of the enantiomers of ibuprofen (IB) were simulated."	( Pharmacokinetic analysis of the enantiomeric inversion of chiral nonsteroidal antiinflammatory drugs. Jamali, F; Mehvar, R, 1988)	0.5
"A 4-way crossover study was done to determine the pharmacokinetic and palatability characteristics of ibuprofen 800 mg tablets when given as a solution in various beverages."	( Pharmacokinetic and taste evaluation of ibuprofen (Motrin) 800 mg tablets in extemporaneous solution. Johnson, SM; Small, RE; Willis, HE, 1988)	0.76
"6 years took part in a 6 X 6 Latin Square single dose pharmacokinetic study comparing six oral formulations of ibuprofen: 600 mg coated tablets, 300, 400 and 600 mg resinated granules, 300 and 400 mg sugar-coated tablets available on the market as Brufen."	( Pharmacokinetics of two new oral formulations of ibuprofen. Benvenuti, C; Cancellieri, V; Gambaro, V; Lodi, F; Marozzi, E; Scaroni, C, 1986)	0.74
" The applicability of the method was demonstrated in a pharmacokinetic ibuprofen experiment in an adult person."	( Rapid HPLC-determination of ibuprofen and flurbiprofen in plasma for therapeutic drug control and pharmacokinetic applications. Askholt, J; Nielsen-Kudsk, F, 1986)	0.8
" It is argued that the interaction between these drugs is pharmacokinetic in nature, due probably to an action of ibuprofen on the biotransformation of meptazinol."	( Evidence for a pharmacokinetic interaction between ibuprofen and meptazinol in the mouse. Stephens, RJ, 1984)	0.73
" The two age groups showed no statistically significant differences in any pharmacokinetic parameter studied."	( Effects of age on the clinical pharmacokinetics of ibuprofen. Albert, KS; Gillespie, WR; Lockwood, GF; Pau, A; Wagner, JG, 1984)	0.52
" In addition, ibuprofen can be combined with acetaminophen without altering the pharmacokinetic profile."	( Pharmacokinetics of ibuprofen. Albert, KS; Gernaat, CM, 1984)	0.95
"69 liter/kg), elimination half-life (12."	( Ibuprofen does not impair antipyrine clearance. Abernethy, DR; Greenblatt, DJ, )	1.57
" Application of the method to experimental and clinical pharmacokinetic studies of ibuprofen is illustrated."	( Ibuprofen pharmacokinetics: use of liquid chromatography with radial compression separation. Arendt, RM; Greenblatt, DJ; Locniskar, A, 1983)	1.93
" Pharmacokinetic variables probably account for only a small part of the inter-individual variation in response of rheumatoid patients treated with increasing dosages of the non-steroidal, anti-inflammatory drug ibuprofen."	( Dose-response study with ibuprofen in rheumatoid arthritis: clinical and pharmacokinetic findings. Aarons, L; Grennan, DM; Higham, C; Richards, M; Siddiqui, M; Thompson, R, 1983)	0.76
" There was no effect of ASA, ibuprofen or paracetamol on the single-dose kinetics of ethanol, but concurrent intake of ethanol reduced the peak concentration of ASA by 25%."	( Pharmacokinetic interactions of alcohol and acetylsalicylic acid. Lidén, A; Melander, A; Melander, O, 1995)	0.58
" Pharmacokinetic parameters were estimated by non-compartmental data analysis techniques."	( Pharmacokinetic evaluation of two ibuprofen-codeine combinations. Derendorf, H; Kaltenbach, ML; Mohammed, SS; Mullersman, G; Perrin, JH, 1994)	0.57
"The effect of oral administration of the non-absorbable anion-exchange resins cholestyramine and colestipol on the systemic clearance and other pharmacokinetic parameters of intravenously administered ibuprofen (25 mg kg-1) was studied in rabbits."	( The effect of colestipol and cholestyramine on the systemic clearance of intravenous ibuprofen in rabbits. al-Angary, AA; al-Meshal, MA; el-Sayed, YM; Gouda, MW; Lutfi, KM, 1994)	0.7
" The pharmacokinetic characteristics of the different NSAIDs relevant to therapy in children are reviewed."	( Relevance of the pharmacokinetics of non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) in children. Pons, G, )	0.13
" A pharmacokinetic model that incorporated blister fluid as a separate peripheral compartment adequately characterized the data."	( Pharmacokinetics of ibuprofen enantiomers in plasma and suction blister fluid in healthy volunteers. Day, RO; Knihinicki, RD; Seideman, P; Walker, JS, 1993)	0.61
" Ibuprofen pharmacokinetic variables after IV administration best fit an open two-compartment model."	( Pharmacokinetics of ibuprofen in lactating dairy goats. Anderson, KL; Aucoin, DP; DeGraves, FJ, 1993)	1.52
" There were no statistically significant differences between males, females, and OC users for any pharmacokinetic parameter for (R)-ibuprofen."	( Lack of effect of gender and oral contraceptive steroids on the pharmacokinetics of (R)-ibuprofen in humans. Knights, KM; McLean, CF; Miners, JO; Tonkin, AL, 1995)	0.72
" Main pharmacokinetic parameters derived from individual plasma concentration-time courses included: Cmax, tmax, AUCO-->24, AUCO-->infinity, MRTO-->infinity, t1/2 and Frel."	( Pharmacokinetics and bioavailability of percutaneous ibuprofen. Kaiser, RR; Kleinbloesem, CH; Ouwerkerk, M; Spitznagel, W; Wilkinson, FE, 1995)	0.54
" Ibuprofen administration resulted in a slight increase in mean glyburide free fraction, but no significant changes in glyburide pharmacokinetic parameters were observed."	( Effects of aspirin and ibuprofen on the pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of glyburide in healthy subjects. Antal, EJ; Juhl, RP; Kubacka, RT; Welshman, IR, 1996)	1.51
" The pharmacokinetic data of the S-enantiomer was linked to the effect data using a hypothetical effect compartment."	( Pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of enantiomers of ibuprofen and flurbiprofen after oral administration. Derendorf, H; Grundy, BL; Suri, A, 1997)	0.54
" Kinetic analyses assumed applicability of one open-compartment model and calculations from the model-independent areas under the time concentration curve (AUC)."	( Pharmacokinetics and protein binding of intravenous ibuprofen in the premature newborn infant. Aranda, JV; Bansal, R; Bardin, C; Beharry, K; Chemtob, S; Modanlou, H; Papageorgiou, A; Varvarigou, A, 1997)	0.55
" Substantial inter-subject variability in the evaluated pharmacokinetic parameters was observed in the present study."	( Preliminary pharmacokinetic study of ibuprofen enantiomers after administration of a new oral formulation (ibuprofen arginine) to healthy male volunteers. Bani, M; Brogin, G; Della Pepa, C; Eandi, M; Fornasini, G; Gallina, M; Monti, N; Persiani, S; Strolin Benedetti, M; Zara, G, 1997)	0.57
"05) were observed between efficacy measures and the various pharmacokinetic parameters (AUC0-300, Cmax and Tmax) for ibuprofen after the soluble dose."	( Are the pharmacokinetics of ibuprofen important determinants for the drug's efficacy in postoperative pain after third molar surgery? Hawkesford, JE; Jones, K; Seymour, RA, 1997)	0.8
"Four derivatives of 4-isobutylphenyl-2-propionic acid (Ibuprofen), in which the drug was bound by ester linkages to poly(ethylene glycols) (PEG 2000-I), monomethoxy poly(ethylene glycols) (PEG 1900-I), poly(N-vinyl pyrrolidinone) (PVP-I) and poly(N-acryloyl morpholine) (PACM-I), all having approximatively the same number average molecular weight (Mn congruent equal to 2000), were prepared and tested for their pharmacokinetic properties after oral administration."	( Synthesis and pharmacokinetic behaviour of ester derivatives of 4-isobutylphenyl-2-propionic acid (Ibuprofen) with end-hydroxylated poly(N-vinyl pyrrolidinone) and poly(N-acryloyl morpholine) oligomers. Bernasconi, R; Ferruti, P; Latini, R; Peroni, I; Sartore, L, 1997)	0.76
"The pharmacokinetic properties of 2 film-coated preparations containing 200 mg and 400 mg dexibuprofen were compared in a single-dose, crossover study in 16 healthy, male volunteers."	( Pharmacokinetics of dexibuprofen administered as 200 mg and 400 mg film-coated tablets in healthy volunteers. Eller, N; Kikuta, C; Kollenz, CJ; Mascher, H; Schiel, H, 1998)	0.83
"The objectives of this study were to compare the pharmacokinetic parameters of ibuprofen administered as a suspension, chewable tablet, or tablet in children with cystic fibrosis and to determine the optimal blood sampling times for measuring ibuprofen peak concentrations."	( The pharmacokinetics of ibuprofen suspension, chewable tablets, and tablets in children with cystic fibrosis. Glasscock, BJ; Graham, KM; Kustra, RP; Retsch-Bogart, GZ; Scott, CS; Smith, PC, 1999)	0.84
" Peak plasma concentration (Cmax ), time to peak concentration (Tmax ), and other pharmacokinetic parameters were determined and compared (analysis of variance and analysis of covariance)."	( The pharmacokinetics of ibuprofen suspension, chewable tablets, and tablets in children with cystic fibrosis. Glasscock, BJ; Graham, KM; Kustra, RP; Retsch-Bogart, GZ; Scott, CS; Smith, PC, 1999)	0.61
" Tmax was the only parameter for which statistical differences were noted (suspension vs tablet, P	( The pharmacokinetics of ibuprofen suspension, chewable tablets, and tablets in children with cystic fibrosis. Glasscock, BJ; Graham, KM; Kustra, RP; Retsch-Bogart, GZ; Scott, CS; Smith, PC, 1999)	0.61
"A 20 mg/kg dose of ibuprofen suspension is recommended, with blood samples for pharmacokinetic analysis obtained 30, 45, and 60 minutes after the dose is administered."	( The pharmacokinetics of ibuprofen suspension, chewable tablets, and tablets in children with cystic fibrosis. Glasscock, BJ; Graham, KM; Kustra, RP; Retsch-Bogart, GZ; Scott, CS; Smith, PC, 1999)	0.94
"To determine the pharmacokinetic disposition of high doses of ibuprofen in patients with cystic fibrosis (CF), and to evaluate the reliability of intrapatient dosage adjustments to achieve recommended peak ibuprofen plasma concentrations."	( Pharmacokinetics of ibuprofen in patients with cystic fibrosis. Murry, DJ; Oermann, CM; Ou, CN; Rognerud, C; Seilheimer, DK; Sockrider, MM, 1999)	0.87
" The absorption half-life was 13 minutes, and bioavailability ranged from 71 to 100%."	( Pharmacokinetics of ibuprofen after intravenous and oral administration and assessment of safety of administration to healthy foals. Breuhaus, BA; DeGraves, FJ; Honore, EK; Papich, MG, 1999)	0.63
"To analyse the population pharmacokinetic-pharmacodynamic relationships of racemic ibuprofen administered in suspension or as effervescent granules with the aim of exploring the effect of formulation on the relevant pharmacodynamic parameters."	( Pharmacokinetic-Pharmacodynamic Modelling of the antipyretic effect of two oral formulations of ibuprofen. Armenteros, S; Benítez, J; Calvo, R; Domínguez, R; Planelles, MV; Trocóniz, IF, 2000)	0.75
"The pharmacokinetic model was developed from a randomised, cross-over bioequivalence study of the 2 formulations in healthy adults."	( Pharmacokinetic-Pharmacodynamic Modelling of the antipyretic effect of two oral formulations of ibuprofen. Armenteros, S; Benítez, J; Calvo, R; Domínguez, R; Planelles, MV; Trocóniz, IF, 2000)	0.53
"The pharmacokinetic study consisted of two 1-day study occasions, each separated by a 1-week washout period."	( Pharmacokinetic-Pharmacodynamic Modelling of the antipyretic effect of two oral formulations of ibuprofen. Armenteros, S; Benítez, J; Calvo, R; Domínguez, R; Planelles, MV; Trocóniz, IF, 2000)	0.53
"05) covariate effects (including pharmaceutical formulation) were detected in any of the pharmacodynamic parameters."	( Pharmacokinetic-Pharmacodynamic Modelling of the antipyretic effect of two oral formulations of ibuprofen. Armenteros, S; Benítez, J; Calvo, R; Domínguez, R; Planelles, MV; Trocóniz, IF, 2000)	0.53
" No significant gender difference was observed for any of the pharmacokinetic parameters determined."	( Pharmacokinetics of ibuprofen enantiomers in children with cystic fibrosis. Dong, JQ; Ni, L; Retsch-Bogart, GZ; Scott, CS; Smith, PC, 2000)	0.63
"Two open-label, two-way, crossover studies were performed to assess any pharmacokinetic interaction of telmisartan with either acetaminophen or ibuprofen."	( Pharmacokinetics of acetaminophen and ibuprofen when coadministered with telmisartan in healthy volunteers. Fraunhofer, A; Stangier, J; Su, CA; Tetzloff, W, 2000)	0.78
"The pharmacokinetic interactions between BAY 12-9566 and two nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs), naproxen and ibuprofen, were investigated in osteoarthritis (OA) patients."	( Pharmacokinetics, safety, and tolerability of BAY 12-9566 and nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory agents (naproxen, ibuprofen) during coadministration in patients with osteoarthritis. Agarwal, V; Liu, P; Shah, A; Sundaresan, P; Woodruff, M, 2001)	0.73
" Total body clearance and plasma half-life did not change significantly."	( Ibuprofen pharmacokinetics in preterm infants with patent ductus arteriosus. Kearns, GL; Schepens, PJ; Touw, D; van den Anker, JN; Van Overmeire, B, 2001)	1.75
" We therefore propose that a drug combining the pharmacokinetic characteristics of, for example, ibuprofen with the COX-2 selectivity of rofecoxib is likely to be a superior anti-inflammatory analgesic."	( Pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic aspects of the ideal COX-2 inhibitor: a pharmacologist's perspective. Brune, K; Neubert, A, )	0.35
" The contribution of the pharmacokinetic properties of a coxib to achieving this goal has been overlooked to some degree for available coxibs."	( Pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic aspects of the ideal COX-2 inhibitor: a rheumatologist's perspective. Day, RO, )	0.13
" Current methods for dosage individualization are based on dose proportionality using visual inspection of the peak concentration; however, because of interpatient variability in the absorption of the various formulations this method may result in incorrect assessments of the peak concentration achieved."	( Development of population pharmacokinetic models and optimal sampling times for ibuprofen tablet and suspension formulations in children with cystic fibrosis. Aminimanizani, A; Beringer, P; Scott, C; Synold, T, 2002)	0.54
" Data were evaluated with a population pharmacokinetic model that integrated pharmacogenetic information."	( Enantiospecific effects of cytochrome P450 2C9 amino acid variants on ibuprofen pharmacokinetics and on the inhibition of cyclooxygenases 1 and 2. Brockmöller, J; Freytag, G; Kirchheiner, J; Meineke, I; Meisel, C; Roots, I, 2002)	0.55
"The reduced S-ibuprofen total clearance accompanied by increased pharmacodynamic activity may have medical impact in patients receiving ibuprofen."	( Enantiospecific effects of cytochrome P450 2C9 amino acid variants on ibuprofen pharmacokinetics and on the inhibition of cyclooxygenases 1 and 2. Brockmöller, J; Freytag, G; Kirchheiner, J; Meineke, I; Meisel, C; Roots, I, 2002)	0.91
" Nonavailability of parenteral preparation and lack of information regarding pharmacokinetic disposition of ibuprofen in this subgroup of the population led the authors to conduct this pharmacokinetic study with oral ibuprofen."	( Pharmacokinetics of oral ibuprofen in premature infants. Garg, SK; Narang, A; Sharma, PK, 2003)	0.84
"The objective of the two pharmacokinetic studies reported here was to compare the relative bioavailability of an ibuprofen/pseudoephedrine modified-release capsule with each of the active ingredients given alone as standard formulations."	( Common cold and influenza symptom management: the use of pharmacokinetic considerations to predict the efficacy of a twice-daily treatment for colds and flu. Little, S; Stillings, M; Sykes, J, 2003)	0.53
" Due to the differences in absorption characteristics between ibuprofen formulations, the timing of obtaining blood samples for pharmacokinetic analysis is critical."	( Pharmacokinetics of Ibuprofen in children with cystic fibrosis. Beringer, PM; Gill, MA; Han, EE; Louie, SG; Shapiro, BJ, 2004)	0.89
" The enantiomeric interaction in the pharmacokinetic behaviour of ibuprofen after racemic administration is considered to be a result of an alteration in the metabolic or excretion phase (or both) rather than stereoselective protein binding in the systemic distribution."	( Pharmacokinetic interaction of ibuprofen enantiomers in rabbits. Cui, F; Ding, G; Hayakawa, T; Inotsume, N; Kuzuba, M; Lin, W; Obara, T; Yanaguimoto, H, 2004)	0.85
"59 liters/kg), but the median serum half-life (16."	( Effects of co-administration of ibuprofen-lysine on the pharmacokinetics of amikacin in preterm infants during the first days of life. Allegaert, K; Cossey, V; Devlieger, H; Langhendries, JP; Naulaers, G; Van Overmeire, B; Vanhole, C, 2004)	0.61
" Plasma was separated and assayed for ibuprofen by HPLC technique and various pharmacokinetic parameters were calculated."	( Influence of acidic beverage (Coca-Cola) on pharmacokinetics of ibuprofen in healthy rabbits. Garg, SK; Kondal, A, 2003)	0.83
"The objective of the present study was to evaluate the pharmacokinetic parameters for both S- and R-ibuprofen enantiomers in very premature neonates (gestational age strictly inferior to 28 weeks) and possible relationships between the pharmacokinetic parameters and various covariates."	( Population pharmacokinetics of ibuprofen enantiomers in very premature neonates. Brault, M; Geneteau, A; Gregoire, N; Gualano, V; Mignot, A; Millerioux, L; Roze, JC, 2004)	0.83
" Although the enantioselective pharmacokinetic characteristics of different NSAIDs should be treated case by case, they share similar mechanisms underlying the protein binding, metabolism and chiral inversion."	( Enantioselective pharmacokinetics of ibuprofen and involved mechanisms. Hao, H; Sun, J; Wang, G, 2005)	0.6
"As part of ongoing studies to evaluate the analgesic efficacy and pharmacokinetic properties of combination oxycodone plus ibuprofen in the treatment of moderate to severe acute pain, 2 pharmacokinetic studies were conducted."	( Pharmacokinetic properties of combination oxycodone plus racemic ibuprofen: two randomized, open-label, crossover studies in healthy adult volunteers. Abramowitz, W; Benedek, I; Fiske, W; Kapil, R; Nolting, A; Roy, P, 2004)	0.77
"The goals of these studies were to compare the pharmacokinetic properties of monotherapy with oxycodone or ibuprofen with those of a tablet formulation of these 2 agents combined (study A), and to determine whether the absorption of the individual agents when given in the combination tablet was affected by the concomitant ingestion of food (study B)."	( Pharmacokinetic properties of combination oxycodone plus racemic ibuprofen: two randomized, open-label, crossover studies in healthy adult volunteers. Abramowitz, W; Benedek, I; Fiske, W; Kapil, R; Nolting, A; Roy, P, 2004)	0.77
" In both studies, the pharmacokinetic properties (C(max), T(max), t(1/2), AUC(0-4), AUC(0-1), and AUC(0-infinity)) of oxycodone and ibuprofen were derived from plasma drug concentrations."	( Pharmacokinetic properties of combination oxycodone plus racemic ibuprofen: two randomized, open-label, crossover studies in healthy adult volunteers. Abramowitz, W; Benedek, I; Fiske, W; Kapil, R; Nolting, A; Roy, P, 2004)	0.77
" The pharmacokinetic properties of ibuprofen and oxycodone were not statistically different when administered alone or combined."	( Pharmacokinetic properties of combination oxycodone plus racemic ibuprofen: two randomized, open-label, crossover studies in healthy adult volunteers. Abramowitz, W; Benedek, I; Fiske, W; Kapil, R; Nolting, A; Roy, P, 2004)	0.84
"The single-dose pharmacokinetic profiles of oxycodone and ibuprofen in these healthy volunteers were similar when these 2 drugs were given as monotherapy or in combination, suggesting bioequivalence."	( Pharmacokinetic properties of combination oxycodone plus racemic ibuprofen: two randomized, open-label, crossover studies in healthy adult volunteers. Abramowitz, W; Benedek, I; Fiske, W; Kapil, R; Nolting, A; Roy, P, 2004)	0.81
" Blood samples were collected from 20 min to 10 h after dosing and pharmacokinetic analysis of ibuprofen enantiomers were done."	( Perioperative pharmacokinetics of ibuprofen enantiomers after rectal administration. Kyllönen, M; Olkkola, KT; Ryhänen, P; Seppälä, T, 2005)	0.83
" None of the other pharmacokinetic variables, C(max), AUC, chronological t(1/2) or AUC ratio differed between the groups."	( Perioperative pharmacokinetics of ibuprofen enantiomers after rectal administration. Kyllönen, M; Olkkola, KT; Ryhänen, P; Seppälä, T, 2005)	0.61
" Except for the delayed absorption of ibuprofen in adults and higher physiological t(1/2) in infants aged 1-7 weeks, no major pharmacokinetic differences were observed between study groups."	( Perioperative pharmacokinetics of ibuprofen enantiomers after rectal administration. Kyllönen, M; Olkkola, KT; Ryhänen, P; Seppälä, T, 2005)	0.88
" The developed LC method greatly simplified the sample preparation and adopted mild conditions to prevent the possible hydrolysis of the prodrug and was successfully applied to the pharmacokinetic studies of an ibuprofen prodrug in dogs."	( Determination of ibuprofen in dog plasma by liquid chromatography and application in pharmacokinetic studies of an ibuprofen prodrug in dogs. Fang, L; Liu, L; Qi, M; Wang, P, 2005)	0.85
" The primary objective of this study was to compare the 12-h pharmacokinetic profile of S(+)-ibuprofen following administration of single doses of ibuprofen arginate (600 mg) and dexibuprofen (400 mg) in healthy volunteers."	( A comparative study of the pharmacokinetics of ibuprofen arginate versus dexibuprofen in healthy volunteers. Azanza, JR; Campanero, MA; Esteras, A; García-Quetglas, E; Gil-Aldea, I; Muñoz-Juarez, MJ; Sádaba, B, 2006)	0.81
" Compared with dexibuprofen, ibuprofen arginate demonstrated a 45% higher maximum concentration (C(max)), and a time to peak concentration (T(max)) 2 h sooner."	( A comparative study of the pharmacokinetics of ibuprofen arginate versus dexibuprofen in healthy volunteers. Azanza, JR; Campanero, MA; Esteras, A; García-Quetglas, E; Gil-Aldea, I; Muñoz-Juarez, MJ; Sádaba, B, 2006)	0.92
"To evaluate whether the concomitant administration of ibuprofen or indomethacin plus amikacin may alter the latter drug s pharmacokinetic parameters, and hence amikacin plasma levels."	( [Effect of the concomitant administration of indomethacin or ibuprofen on amikacin pharmacokinetics in premature newborns]. Cuesta Grueso, C; Gimeno Navarro, A; Marqués Miñana, MR; Morcillo Sopena, F; Peris Ribera, JE; Poveda Andrés, JL, )	0.62
" Pharmacokinetic parameters, distribution volume, and amikacin clearance were measured using the PKS program (a non-linear regression method)."	( [Effect of the concomitant administration of indomethacin or ibuprofen on amikacin pharmacokinetics in premature newborns]. Cuesta Grueso, C; Gimeno Navarro, A; Marqués Miñana, MR; Morcillo Sopena, F; Peris Ribera, JE; Poveda Andrés, JL, )	0.37
" No statistically significant differences were found among pharmacokinetic parameters corresponding to each study group."	( [Effect of the concomitant administration of indomethacin or ibuprofen on amikacin pharmacokinetics in premature newborns]. Cuesta Grueso, C; Gimeno Navarro, A; Marqués Miñana, MR; Morcillo Sopena, F; Peris Ribera, JE; Poveda Andrés, JL, )	0.37
" Observations collected in two population pharmacokinetic studies, in preterm neonates, investigating amikacin and vancomycin were used to estimate: i) the impact of ibuprofen administration on the clearance of these drugs; and ii) the difference between prophylactic and therapeutic administration of ibuprofen on this clearance."	( Impact of ibuprofen administration on renal drug clearance in the first weeks of life. Allegaert, K; Anderson, BJ; Rayyan, M, 2006)	0.93
" John's wort administration for 21 days had no apparent clinically important impact on the single-dose pharmacokinetic parameters of S(+)- and R(-)-ibuprofen."	( Effects of St. John's wort supplementation on ibuprofen pharmacokinetics. Bell, EC; Lloyd, KB; Ravis, WR; Stokes, TJ, 2007)	0.8
" The method was successfully applied for pharmacokinetic study of aceclofenac in rats."	( High-performance liquid chromatography and pharmacokinetics of aceclofenac in rats. Musmade, P; Srinivasan, KK; Subramanian, G, 2007)	0.34
" The validated method was successfully applied in pharmacokinetic investigations of IBP enantiomers as well as free chiral metabolites in reference to the genetic polymorphism of CYP450 2C isoenzymes."	( Enantioselective CE method for pharmacokinetic studies on ibuprofen and its chiral metabolites with reference to genetic polymorphism. Główka, F; Karaźniewicz, M, 2007)	0.58
"The pharmacokinetic parameters of S(+) and R(-) ibuprofen were determined in 20 elephants after oral administration of preliminary 4-, 5-, and 6-mg/kg doses of racemic ibuprofen."	( Pharmacokinetics of orally administered ibuprofen in African and Asian elephants (Loxodonta africana and Elephas maximus). Bechert, U; Christensen, JM, 2007)	0.86
"The objective of this study was to develop a mechanism-based pharmacodynamic model that characterizes the antiplatelet effects of aspirin (acetylsalicylic acid) and ibuprofen alone and in combination."	( Population pharmacodynamic modelling of aspirin- and Ibuprofen-induced inhibition of platelet aggregation in healthy subjects. Bates, VE; Gengo, FM; Hong, Y; Mager, DE; Rainka, MM, 2008)	0.79
" The final pharmacodynamic model was based on the turnover of cyclo-oxygenase-1 (COX-1) enzyme, and incorporated irreversible inhibition by aspirin and reversible binding and antiplatelet effects of ibuprofen."	( Population pharmacodynamic modelling of aspirin- and Ibuprofen-induced inhibition of platelet aggregation in healthy subjects. Bates, VE; Gengo, FM; Hong, Y; Mager, DE; Rainka, MM, 2008)	0.78
"A mechanism-based pharmacodynamic model has been developed that characterizes the antiplatelet effects of aspirin and ibuprofen, alone and concomitantly, and predicts a significant inhibition of aspirin antiplatelet effects in the presence of a typical ibuprofen dosing regimen."	( Population pharmacodynamic modelling of aspirin- and Ibuprofen-induced inhibition of platelet aggregation in healthy subjects. Bates, VE; Gengo, FM; Hong, Y; Mager, DE; Rainka, MM, 2008)	0.8
"A population pharmacokinetic study was performed on 66 neonates to characterize the concentration-time courses of ibuprofen."	( An optimized ibuprofen dosing scheme for preterm neonates with patent ductus arteriosus, based on a population pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic study. Eisinger, MJ; Hirt, D; Langhendries, JP; Marguglio, A; Schepens, P; Treluyer, JM; Urien, S; Van Overmeire, B, 2008)	0.93
" A population pharmacokinetic model was developed with NONMEM."	( An optimized ibuprofen dosing scheme for preterm neonates with patent ductus arteriosus, based on a population pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic study. Eisinger, MJ; Hirt, D; Langhendries, JP; Marguglio, A; Schepens, P; Treluyer, JM; Urien, S; Van Overmeire, B, 2008)	0.72
" pharmacokinetic data on 670 drugs representing, to our knowledge, the largest publicly available set of human clinical pharmacokinetic data."	( Trend analysis of a database of intravenous pharmacokinetic parameters in humans for 670 drug compounds. Lombardo, F; Obach, RS; Waters, NJ, 2008)	0.35
" Pharmacokinetic parameters were determined in studies 1 and 2 by non-compartmental analysis."	( Influence of CYP2C8 and CYP2C9 polymorphisms on pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic parameters of racemic and enantiomeric forms of ibuprofen in healthy volunteers. Abad-Santos, F; Gallego-Sandín, S; Gisbert, JP; López-Rodríguez, R; Novalbos, J; Román-Martínez, M; Torrado, J, 2008)	0.55
"The aim of this pharmacokinetic analysis was to develop and validate a population pharmacokinetic model for R- and S-ibuprofen from samples obtained after 3 successive administrations of ibuprofen (10-5-5 mg/kg) at 24-hour intervals to preterm newborn infants aged from <6 hours to 8 days of life."	( Population pharmacokinetic analysis of Ibuprofen enantiomers in preterm newborn infants. Desfrere, L; Gregoire, N; Kibleur, Y; Koehne, P; Roze, JC, 2008)	0.82
" The Tmax of IBU-ISG and reference formulation were (1."	( [Preparation of in situ gel systems for the oral delivery of ibuprofen and its pharmacokinetics study in beagle dogs]. He, ZG; Song, HT; Wu, RL; Xie, JW; Yi, SL; Zhao, CS, 2008)	0.59
" A randomized, placebo controlled, 3-way crossover design oral pharmacokinetic study was done in healthy human male volunteers and in vitro metabolism studies were done in human liver microsomes to study the effect of CFX and IBF on RGZ metabolism."	( Effect of ciprofloxacin and ibuprofen on the in vitro metabolism of rosiglitazone and oral pharmacokinetics of rosiglitazone in healthy human volunteers. Devi, P; Kumar, JN; Mullangi, R; Narasu, L, )	0.43
" While the communication provides relevant case studies to support the hypothesis in both dental pain and migraine attacks, it also provides biopharmaceutical and pharmacokinetic challenges of developing such a strategy for faster oral drug absorption."	( Rationale for faster oral delivery to overcome the pathophysiology associated with dental pain--biopharmaceutic and pharmacokinetic challenges. Srinivas, NR, )	0.13
" The levels of the analytes in biological fluids were used to calculate their pharmacokinetic parameters in subjects with different variants of CYP2C8 and CYP2C9 isoenzymes."	( Pharmacokinetic studies of enantiomers of ibuprofen and its chiral metabolites in humans with different variants of genes coding CYP2C8 and CYP2C9 isoenzymes. Główka, F; Karaźniewicz-Łada, M; Luczak, M, 2009)	0.62
"Observations collected in two population pharmacokinetic studies in preterm neonates investigating amikacin and vancomycin disposition were used to estimate (i) the impact of ibuprofen administration and (ii) the difference between ibuprofen and indomethacin on renal drug clearance."	( The impact of ibuprofen or indomethacin on renal drug clearance in neonates. Allegaert, K, 2009)	0.91
" In a vancomycin pooled pharmacokinetic study, it was documented that the impact of indomethacin was significantly higher compared to ibuprofen (46 and 28%, respectively)."	( The impact of ibuprofen or indomethacin on renal drug clearance in neonates. Allegaert, K, 2009)	0.92
" Reported here are the results of two studies on the pharmacokinetic properties of a novel ibuprofen (200 mg) and paracetamol (500 mg) fixed-dose combination tablet."	( The pharmacokinetic profile of a novel fixed-dose combination tablet of ibuprofen and paracetamol. Aspley, S; Munn, A; Tanner, T; Thomas, T, 2010)	0.81
"Administration of ibuprofen and paracetamol in a fixed-dose combination tablet does not significantly alter the pharmacokinetic profiles of either drug, except for enhancing the rate of paracetamol absorption, offering potential therapeutic benefits in relation to the onset of analgesia."	( The pharmacokinetic profile of a novel fixed-dose combination tablet of ibuprofen and paracetamol. Aspley, S; Munn, A; Tanner, T; Thomas, T, 2010)	0.93
"Currently, several ibuprofen compounds are available on the market, mainly differing in terms of pharmaceutical composition that influence the pharmacokinetic profile and eventually the onset of drug action."	( Clinical pharmacokinetics of ibuprofen arginine. Cattaneo, D; Clementi, E, 2010)	0.98
" Pharmacokinetic parameters in plasma were calculated by either noncompartmental analysis or a 1- compartment model using the Kinetica program."	( Effect of microgravity on the pharmacokinetics of Ibuprofen in humans. Arafat, T; Idkaidek, N, 2011)	0.62
"To compare the pharmacokinetic (PK) profiles and bioequivalence of the extended-release (ER) and immediate-release (IR) formulations of dexibuprofen (DI) in healthy Chinese volunteers after single dose and multiple doses."	( Pharmacokinetics and bioequivalence of single dose and multiple doses of immediate- and extended-release formulations of dexibuprofen in healthy Chinese subjects. Chen, M; H Chu, J; Ju, WZ; Liu, F; Liu, SJ; S Tan, H; Wu, T; Xiong, NN; Xu, MJ; Zhang, J; Zou, C, 2011)	0.78
" Mean Cmax for ER and IR formulations were 22."	( Pharmacokinetics and bioequivalence of single dose and multiple doses of immediate- and extended-release formulations of dexibuprofen in healthy Chinese subjects. Chen, M; H Chu, J; Ju, WZ; Liu, F; Liu, SJ; S Tan, H; Wu, T; Xiong, NN; Xu, MJ; Zhang, J; Zou, C, 2011)	0.58
" Oral and topical diclofenac had no pharmacokinetic effects on furosemide."	( Randomized, open-label, 5-way crossover study to evaluate the pharmacokinetic/pharmacodynamic interaction between furosemide and the non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs diclofenac and ibuprofen in healthy volunteers. Jacobs, D; McGuinness, N; Paterson, CA; Rasmussen, S; Youngberg, SP, 2011)	0.56
" Furosemide also affected plasma and urine pharmacokinetic profiles."	( Randomized, open-label, 5-way crossover study to evaluate the pharmacokinetic/pharmacodynamic interaction between furosemide and the non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs diclofenac and ibuprofen in healthy volunteers. Jacobs, D; McGuinness, N; Paterson, CA; Rasmussen, S; Youngberg, SP, 2011)	0.56
"To evaluate pharmacokinetic parameters of oral ibuprofen in preterm infants."	( Pharmacokinetics of oral ibuprofen for patent ductus arteriosus closure in preterm infants. Baram, S; Barzilay, B; Batash, D; Berkovitch, M; Goldman, M; Heyman, E; Keidar, R; Youngster, I, 2012)	0.94
"Plasma ibuprofen levels were determined at various time points, and pharmacokinetic profiles were calculated after a single dose of 10 mg/kg of oral ibuprofen."	( Pharmacokinetics of oral ibuprofen for patent ductus arteriosus closure in preterm infants. Baram, S; Barzilay, B; Batash, D; Berkovitch, M; Goldman, M; Heyman, E; Keidar, R; Youngster, I, 2012)	1.14
"We aimed to compare pharmacokinetic characteristics of controlled-release (CR) and immediate-release (IR) formulations of dexibuprofen after single and multiple oral doses in fasting healthy male Korean volunteers."	( Pharmacokinetic comparison of controlled- and immediate-release formulations of dexibuprofen after single and multiple oral doses in fasting healthy male Korean volunteers. Bae, KS; Cho, SH; Choe, S; Ghim, JL; Jang, MJ; Jung, JA; Kim, UJ; Lim, HS; Noh, YH; Park, KM, 2011)	0.8
" Pharmacokinetic parameters of dexibuprofen were determined by noncompartmental analysis."	( Pharmacokinetic comparison of controlled- and immediate-release formulations of dexibuprofen after single and multiple oral doses in fasting healthy male Korean volunteers. Bae, KS; Cho, SH; Choe, S; Ghim, JL; Jang, MJ; Jung, JA; Kim, UJ; Lim, HS; Noh, YH; Park, KM, 2011)	0.87
"The pharmacokinetic parameters of single and multiple administrations of dexibuprofen did not differ for the IR and CR formulations in this small, selected group of healthy male Korean subjects."	( Pharmacokinetic comparison of controlled- and immediate-release formulations of dexibuprofen after single and multiple oral doses in fasting healthy male Korean volunteers. Bae, KS; Cho, SH; Choe, S; Ghim, JL; Jang, MJ; Jung, JA; Kim, UJ; Lim, HS; Noh, YH; Park, KM, 2011)	0.82
"A simple one-step method is established for plasma determination of ibuprofen and its pharmacokinetic study."	( One-step method for plasma determination of ibuprofen by chemiluminescence-coupled ultrafiltration and application in a pharmacokinetic study. Gu, X; Nan, Y; Xiong, X; Zhang, Q, )	0.63
"We simulated ex vivo platelet aggregation using a previously developed pharmacokinetic (PK)/pharmacodynamic (PD) model."	( Prediction of time-dependent interaction of aspirin with ibuprofen using a pharmacokinetic/pharmacodynamic model. Awa, K; Hori, S; Satoh, H; Sawada, Y, 2012)	0.62
" The external evaluation supported the prediction of the final pharmacokinetic model."	( Maturation of the glomerular filtration rate in neonates, as reflected by amikacin clearance. Allegaert, K; Danhof, M; De Cock, RF; de Hoog, M; Knibbe, CA; Schreuder, MF; Sherwin, CM; van den Anker, JN, 2012)	0.38
" The pharmacokinetic data from all of the clinical trials on 400 and 800 mg doses of intravenous ibuprofen were compiled, and pharmacokinetic modelling was utilized to simulate any data not acquired in the clinical studies."	( Pharmacokinetics of intravenous ibuprofen: implications of time of infusion in the treatment of pain and fever. Smith, HS; Voss, B, 2012)	0.88
"CYPs and FMOs play an important role in the metabolism of phospho-NSAIDs, resulting in differential pharmacokinetic profiles between phospho-NSAIDs and NSAIDs in vivo."	( Regioselective oxidation of phospho-NSAIDs by human cytochrome P450 and flavin monooxygenase isoforms: implications for their pharmacokinetic properties and safety. Cheng, KW; Constantinides, PP; Huang, L; Rigas, B; Wong, CC; Xie, G, 2012)	0.38
" The pharmacokinetic stereoselectivity was higher after oral administration than that after intravenous administration."	( Pharmacokinetics of ibuprofen enantiomers in rats after intravenous and oral administration of ibuprofen arginate. Han, J; Liu, HC; Wang, XL; Zhang, D, 2012)	0.7
" The development of NSAIDs having safer therapeutic profile depends on the better understanding of their mechanisms, physicochemical and pharmacokinetic properties."	( Self-organizing molecular field analysis of NSAIDs: assessment of pharmacokinetic and physicochemical properties using 3D-QSPkR approach. Kumar, M; Sinha, VR; Thareja, S, 2012)	0.38
" Our pharmacokinetic studies of 7e demonstrated this prodrug is a potential candidate for a slower and sustained release form of rhein."	( Bone-targeting glycol and NSAIDS ester prodrugs of rhein: synthesis, hydroxyapatite affinity, stability, anti-inflammatory, ulcerogenicity index and pharmacokinetics studies. Cai, J; Chao, M; Chen, J; Duan, Y; Ji, M; Yu, J, 2012)	0.38
" Limited data have been published concerning the pharmacokinetic profile and clinical effects of ibuprofen in patients with osteoarthritis (OA)."	( Characteristics and clinical implications of the pharmacokinetic profile of ibuprofen in patients with knee osteoarthritis. Corigliano, A; De Sarro, G; Falcone, D; Galasso, O; Gallelli, L; Gasparini, G; Longo, P; Palleria, C; Saccà, S; Savino, R; Southworth, SR; Terracciano, R; Urzino, A, 2012)	0.83
"The aim of this study was to assessed the pharmacokinetic and bioequivalence of 2 formulations of ibuprofen suspension."	( Pharmacokinetic and bioequivalence studies of ibuprofen suspension after a single-dose administration in healthy Chinese volunteers. Guo, R; Li, R; Liu, X; Song, H; Wang, B; Wei, C; Yuan, G; Zhang, R, 2013)	0.87
"20 healthy volunteers were enrolled into this random, single-dose, 2-way crossover, open-label, single-centre, pharmacokinetic study."	( Pharmacokinetic and bioequivalence studies of ibuprofen suspension after a single-dose administration in healthy Chinese volunteers. Guo, R; Li, R; Liu, X; Song, H; Wang, B; Wei, C; Yuan, G; Zhang, R, 2013)	0.65
"28) h; Cmax was (33."	( Pharmacokinetic and bioequivalence studies of ibuprofen suspension after a single-dose administration in healthy Chinese volunteers. Guo, R; Li, R; Liu, X; Song, H; Wang, B; Wei, C; Yuan, G; Zhang, R, 2013)	0.65
" Pharmacokinetic parameters were calculated using a non-compartment model."	( Pharmacokinetics and bioequivalence of two ibuprofen sustained-release formulations after single and multiple doses in healthy chinese male volunteers. Guo, HM; Li, G; Luo, LF; Tian, Y; Zhang, ZJ, 2013)	0.65
" An in-vivo pharmacokinetic study was performed in six healthy human volunteers in comparison to the commercially available tablet of DXI."	( Adoption of polymeric micelles to enhance the oral bioavailability of dexibuprofen: formulation, in-vitro evaluation and in-vivo pharmacokinetic study in healthy human volunteers. Abdelbary, G; Makhlouf, A, 2014)	0.63
"A new approach for calculation of sample size in pediatric clinical pharmacokinetic studies was suggested based on desired precision for a pharmacokinetic parameter of interest."	( Precision criteria to derive sample size when designing pediatric pharmacokinetic studies: which measure of variability should be used? Aarons, L; Johnson, TN; Ogungbenro, K; Rostami-Hodjegan, A; Salem, F; Vajjah, P, 2014)	0.4
" Sequential analysis of the pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic data from 28 patients was performed using a population modeling approach."	( Plasma and cerebrospinal fluid concentrations of ibuprofen in pediatric patients and antipyretic effect: Pharmacokinetic-pharmacodynamic modeling analysis. Berkovitch, M; Brandriss, N; Britzi, M; Chaim, AB; Goldman, M; Har-Even, R; Kozer, E; Soback, S; Stepensky, D, 2014)	0.66
" The in vitro supersaturation observed with these ibuprofen-polymer formulations translated to an increase in Cmax and an earlier Tmax for the PVP-VA64, MC, and HPC formulations relative to ibuprofen only controls when administered orally to rats under fasted conditions."	( Combined use of crystalline sodium salt and polymeric precipitation inhibitors to improve pharmacokinetic profile of ibuprofen through supersaturation. Cummings, JJ; Fauty, SE; Michniak-Kohn, B; Terebetski, JL, 2014)	0.86
"Physiologically based pharmacokinetic models coupled with pharmacodynamic (PBPK/PD) models can be useful to identify whether current bioequivalence criteria is overly conservative or venturesome for different drugs."	( Use of physiologically based pharmacokinetic models coupled with pharmacodynamic models to assess the clinical relevance of current bioequivalence criteria for generic drug products containing Ibuprofen. Cristofoletti, R; Dressman, JB, 2014)	0.59
" Pharmacokinetic studies in rats revealed that liposome-encapsulated PIA exhibited remarkable resistance to hydrolysis by carboxylesterases, remaining largely intact in the systemic circulation, and demonstrated selective distribution to the lungs."	( A novel ibuprofen derivative with anti-lung cancer properties: synthesis, formulation, pharmacokinetic and efficacy studies. Alston, N; Cheng, KW; Huang, L; Mattheolabakis, G; Nie, T; Ouyang, N; Papayannis, I; Rigas, B; Wong, CC, 2014)	0.84
"Two randomized, single-dose, open-label, five-way crossover pharmacokinetic studies."	( Ibuprofen sodium is absorbed faster than standard Ibuprofen tablets: results of two open-label, randomized, crossover pharmacokinetic studies. Kellstein, D; Laurent, AL; Legg, TJ; Leyva, R, 2014)	1.85
"Log-transformed area under the plasma concentration versus time curve to last observable concentration (AUCL) and maximum plasma concentration (C max) were the primary pharmacokinetic parameters; time to maximum measured plasma concentration (T max) was analyzed post hoc."	( Ibuprofen sodium is absorbed faster than standard Ibuprofen tablets: results of two open-label, randomized, crossover pharmacokinetic studies. Kellstein, D; Laurent, AL; Legg, TJ; Leyva, R, 2014)	1.85
"In pharmacokinetic evaluation of mice, using serial sampling methods rather than a terminal blood sampling method could reduce the number of animals needed and lead to more reliable data by excluding individual differences."	( Using improved serial blood sampling method of mice to study pharmacokinetics and drug-drug interaction. Nezasa, K; Ogawa, K; Shimizu, R; Takai, N; Tanaka, Y; Watanabe, A; Watari, R; Yamaguchi, Y, 2015)	0.42
" We aimed to investigate pharmacokinetic interactions between acetaminophen and phenylephrine."	( Increased bioavailability of phenylephrine by co-administration of acetaminophen: results of four open-label, crossover pharmacokinetic trials in healthy volunteers. Anderson, BJ; Atkinson, HC; Potts, AL; Salem, II; Stanescu, I, 2015)	0.42
" The in vitro to in vivo extrapolation approach used in this work was developed to predict possible drug-drug interactions (DDIs) that may occur after coadministration of pemetrexed and nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs), and it included in vitro assays, risk assessment models, and physiologically based pharmacokinetic (PBPK) models."	( Prediction of renal transporter mediated drug-drug interactions for pemetrexed using physiologically based pharmacokinetic modeling. Bacon, JA; Hall, SD; Higgins, JW; Hillgren, KM; Kim, RB; Pak, YA; Posada, MM; Schneck, KB; Tirona, RG, 2015)	0.42
" We assessed the pharmacokinetic interaction with ibuprofen (an NSAID used by patients with cancer) in Balb/c male and female mice."	( Sunitinib-ibuprofen drug interaction affects the pharmacokinetics and tissue distribution of sunitinib to brain, liver, and kidney in male and female mice differently. Chan, ST; Khoo, HW; Lau, CL; Lim, AY; Mariño, EL; Modamio, P; Segarra, I; Selvaratanam, M, 2015)	1.07
"Previously published studies have suggested the lack of a pharmacokinetic interaction between ibuprofen and paracetamol when they are delivered as a fixed-dose oral combination."	( Pharmacokinetics and Bioavailability of a Fixed-Dose Combination of Ibuprofen and Paracetamol after Intravenous and Oral Administration. Atkinson, HC; Beasley, CP; Frampton, C; Robson, R; Salem, II; Stanescu, I, 2015)	0.87
"A single-dose, open-label, randomized, five-period cross-over sequence pharmacokinetic study was undertaken in 30 healthy volunteers."	( Pharmacokinetics and Bioavailability of a Fixed-Dose Combination of Ibuprofen and Paracetamol after Intravenous and Oral Administration. Atkinson, HC; Beasley, CP; Frampton, C; Robson, R; Salem, II; Stanescu, I, 2015)	0.65
"The pharmacokinetic parameters of ibuprofen and paracetamol were very similar for the combination and monotherapy IV preparations; the ratios of the C max, AUC t and AUC∞ values fell within the 80-125% acceptable bioequivalence range."	( Pharmacokinetics and Bioavailability of a Fixed-Dose Combination of Ibuprofen and Paracetamol after Intravenous and Oral Administration. Atkinson, HC; Beasley, CP; Frampton, C; Robson, R; Salem, II; Stanescu, I, 2015)	0.93
"Concomitant administration of 3 mg/mL ibuprofen and 10 mg/mL paracetamol in a fixed-dose IV combination does not alter the pharmacokinetic profiles of either drug."	( Pharmacokinetics and Bioavailability of a Fixed-Dose Combination of Ibuprofen and Paracetamol after Intravenous and Oral Administration. Atkinson, HC; Beasley, CP; Frampton, C; Robson, R; Salem, II; Stanescu, I, 2015)	0.92
"Studies have shown altered pharmacokinetic patterns (PK) in patient suffering from acute pain."	( Disease specific modeling: Simulation of the pharmacokinetics of meloxicam and ibuprofen in disease state vs. healthy conditions. Aghazadeh-Habashi, A; Almukainzi, M; Jamali, F; Löbenberg, R, 2016)	0.66
" Increased mean retention time, Vd, T½ of ibuprofen, and decreased AUC, Cmax and clearance during CHH further strengthened the present findings."	( Evaluation of hepatic metabolism and pharmacokinetics of ibuprofen in rats under chronic hypobaric hypoxia for targeted therapy at high altitude. Gola, S; Gupta, A; Keshri, GK; Nath, M; Velpandian, T, 2016)	0.94
" Comparing the pharmacokinetic parameters at different doses, chiral inversion were 70."	( [Plasma ibuprofen enantiomers and their pharmacokinetics in Beagle dogs determined by HPLC]. Di, X; Kong, AY; Wang, HY; Yan, LP; Yang, B, 2015)	0.85
"For ibuprofen products, a modified Biopharmaceutics Classification System (BCS) based biowaiver dissolution test may be a way forward to approve generic products without having to perform pharmacokinetic studies."	( FaSSIF-V3, but not compendial media, appropriately detects differences in the peak and extent of exposure between reference and test formulations of ibuprofen. Cristofoletti, R; Dressman, JB, 2016)	1.19
" Pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic blood samples were collected for 16 hours following treatment."	( Pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic evaluation according to absorption differences in three formulations of ibuprofen. Choi, YS; Ha, YM; Kim, JW; Lee, SJ; Park, MK; Park, SR; Shin, D, 2017)	0.67
"Rapid absorption and higher peak concentration were observed in ibuprofen arginine and the solubilized ibuprofen capsule."	( Pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic evaluation according to absorption differences in three formulations of ibuprofen. Choi, YS; Ha, YM; Kim, JW; Lee, SJ; Park, MK; Park, SR; Shin, D, 2017)	0.91
" The prostate tissue penetration and related pharmacokinetic parameters were evaluated by non-compartmental analysis."	( Penetration and pharmacokinetics of non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs in rat prostate tissue. Radhakrishnan, J; Radhakrishnan, R; Yellepeddi, VK, 2018)	0.48
" A two-factor analysis of variance (ANOVA) with replication indicated an overall statistically significant difference in the pharmacokinetic parameters for celecoxib, diclofenac, ibuprofen, and naproxen."	( Penetration and pharmacokinetics of non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs in rat prostate tissue. Radhakrishnan, J; Radhakrishnan, R; Yellepeddi, VK, 2018)	0.67
" The pharmacokinetic data indicated that celecoxib has the highest penetration and retention in rat prostate tissues."	( Penetration and pharmacokinetics of non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs in rat prostate tissue. Radhakrishnan, J; Radhakrishnan, R; Yellepeddi, VK, 2018)	0.48
" Pharmacokinetic data gastrointestinal and spontaneously reported adverse events arising from global sales were obtained from files from Reckitt Benckiser."	( Differing disintegration and dissolution rates, pharmacokinetic profiles and gastrointestinal tolerability of over the counter ibuprofen formulations. Bjarnason, I; Crossley, A; Lanas, A; Penrose, A; Sancak, O, 2018)	0.69
"The formulations of OTC ibuprofen differ in their disintegration and dissolution properties, pharmacokinetic profiles and apparent gastrointestinal tolerability."	( Differing disintegration and dissolution rates, pharmacokinetic profiles and gastrointestinal tolerability of over the counter ibuprofen formulations. Bjarnason, I; Crossley, A; Lanas, A; Penrose, A; Sancak, O, 2018)	0.99
"The purpose of this article was to evaluate the potential for a pharmacokinetic interaction between bazedoxifene and ibuprofen."	( Pharmacokinetic Drug Interaction Study of Bazedoxifene and Ibuprofen. Baird-Bellaire, S; Ermer, J; McKeand, W; Patat, A, 2018)	0.93
" Pharmacokinetic studies in beagle dogs indicated that the optimized IB-CP SRCs had smaller individual differences and better reproducibility comparing with commercial available tablets."	( Preparation, Characterization and Pharmacokinetics Evaluation of the Compound Capsules of Ibuprofen Enteric-Coated Sustained-Release Pellets and Codeine Phosphate Immediate-Release Pellets. Dong, L; Pan, H; Pan, W; Yang, F; Yang, Y; Ye, M; Zhang, X; Zhu, Z, 2018)	0.7
" Blood samples were collected for pharmacokinetic analysis for up to 6 hours after the loading dose."	( Analgesic effectiveness, pharmacokinetics, and safety of a paracetamol/ibuprofen fixed-dose combination in children undergoing adenotonsillectomy: A randomized, single-blind, parallel group trial. Anderson, BJ; Atkinson, HC; Frampton, C; Playne, R; Stanescu, I, 2018)	0.71
"Poor profiles of potential drug candidates, including pharmacokinetic properties, have been acknowledged as a significant hindrance to the development of modern therapeutics."	( Molecular Modeling Approaches for the Prediction of Selected Pharmacokinetic Properties. Foster, DJR; Petito, ES; Sykes, MJ; Ward, MB, 2018)	0.48
" Statistically significant association between the AKR1D1*36 allele and the increased IBP metabolism (low AUC0-t and 0-∞, high Cltot and short tmax values for both enantiomers) was observed in subjects carrying the CYP2C9 *1/*3 or CYP2C9*1/*1 genotype."	( AKR1D1*36 C>T (rs1872930) allelic variant is associated with variability of the CYP2C9 genotype predicted pharmacokinetics of ibuprofen enantiomers - a pilot study in healthy volunteers. Dimovski, A; Geskovska, NM; Jakjovski, K; Kapedanovska Nestorovska, A; Mladenovska, K; Naumovska, Z; Sterjev, Z; Suturkova, L, 2019)	0.72
" Developing modelling and simulation tools, such as physiologically based pharmacokinetic (PBPK) models that incorporate developmental physiology and maturation of drug metabolism, can be used to predict drug exposure in this group of patients, and may help to optimize drug dose adjustment."	( Preterm Physiologically Based Pharmacokinetic Model. Part II: Applications of the Model to Predict Drug Pharmacokinetics in the Preterm Population. Abduljalil, K; Jamei, M; Johnson, TN; Pan, X; Pansari, A, 2020)	0.56
" Tmax (peak time) of uterus and plasma was 4 h and 2 h, respectively."	( Transdermal Administration of Ibuprofen-Loaded Gel: Preparation, Pharmacokinetic Profile, and Tissue Distribution. Chu, XQ; Gui, SY; Hu, RF; Liu, L; Tian, CL; Xia, MQ, 2020)	0.85
" The pharmacokinetic investigation of the releasing results demonstrated the best fitting with Korsmeyer-Peppas with diffusion exponent (n) values related to non-Fickian transport behavior suggesting a combination of erosion and diffusion mechanisms."	( Insight into the role of integrated carbohydrate polymers (starch, chitosan, and β-cyclodextrin) with mesoporous silica as carriers for ibuprofen drug; equilibrium and pharmacokinetic properties. Abukhadra, MR; El-Sherbeeny, AM; Ibrahim, KE; Nadeem, A; Refay, NM, 2020)	0.76
"To develop a novel intestinal drug absorption system using intestinal epithelial cells derived from human induced pluripotent stem (iPS) cells, the cells must possess sufficient pharmacokinetic functions."	( Pharmacokinetic functions of human induced pluripotent stem cell-derived small intestinal epithelial cells. Imakura, Y; Iwao, T; Kabeya, T; Matsunaga, T; Mima, S; Miyashita, T; Ogura, I; Yamada, T; Yasujima, T; Yuasa, H, 2020)	0.56
"The in-vivo pharmacodynamic (PD) studies were performed in mice."	( Pharmacodynamic/pharmacokinetic correlation of optimized ibuprofen nanosuspensions having enhanced anti-inflammatory and antinociceptive activity. Bandarkar, F; Masocha, W; Nada, A, 2022)	0.97
" A good correlation was observed between the pharmacokinetic and PD data: nanosuspension > freeze-dried nanoparticles > marketed product > unhomogenized formulation > IB suspension in water."	( Pharmacodynamic/pharmacokinetic correlation of optimized ibuprofen nanosuspensions having enhanced anti-inflammatory and antinociceptive activity. Bandarkar, F; Masocha, W; Nada, A, 2022)	0.97
" A two-compartment pharmacokinetic model with first-order elimination described disposition for both drugs."	( Population Pharmacokinetic Modelling of Acetaminophen and Ibuprofen: the Influence of Body Composition, Formulation and Feeding in Healthy Adult Volunteers. Anderson, BJ; Atkinson, HC; Morse, JD; Stanescu, I, 2022)	0.97
"To develop physiologically based finite time pharmacokinetic (PBFTPK) models for the analysis of oral pharmacokinetic data."	( Re-writing Oral Pharmacokinetics Using Physiologically Based Finite Time Pharmacokinetic (PBFTPK) Models. Chryssafidis, P; Macheras, P; Tsekouras, AA, 2022)	0.72
" The equations were used to generate simulated data and they were also fitted to a variety of experimental literature oral pharmacokinetic data."	( Re-writing Oral Pharmacokinetics Using Physiologically Based Finite Time Pharmacokinetic (PBFTPK) Models. Chryssafidis, P; Macheras, P; Tsekouras, AA, 2022)	0.72
"The PBFTPK models are a powerful tool for the analysis of oral pharmacokinetic data since they rely on the physiologically sound concept of finite absorption time."	( Re-writing Oral Pharmacokinetics Using Physiologically Based Finite Time Pharmacokinetic (PBFTPK) Models. Chryssafidis, P; Macheras, P; Tsekouras, AA, 2022)	0.72
"A simple, sensitive, and selective first derivative synchronous fluorimetric method was developed and optimized to track the influence of caffeine content in beverages on the pharmacokinetic parameters of three pharmaceuticals used in relieving headache namely, aspirin (ASP), ibuprofen (IBU), and ergotamine tartrate (ERG)."	( Tracing the influence of caffeine on the pharmacokinetic parameters of three headache relieving pharmaceuticals applying synchronous fluorescence spectroscopy. Draz, ME; El Enany, N; El Sherbiny, D; Wahba, MEK, 2022)	0.9
" For the first time, in the present single-dose, randomized, open-label, 2-period crossover study, the safety and pharmacokinetic (PK) characteristics of a single-dose dexibuprofen injection (0."	( Comparative Pharmacokinetics and Safety Studies of Dexibuprofen Injection and a Branded Product Ibuprofen Injection in Healthy Chinese Volunteers. Hua, W; Su, M; Wang, M; Zhang, Q; Zhou, W; Zong, S, 2023)	1.35
" In this work, we studied how the solubility of drug impacts the pharmacokinetic release rate and delivery efficiency by impregnating various amounts of ibuprofen, 5-fluorouracil, and curcumin onto Mg-MOF-74."	( Drug Delivery on Mg-MOF-74: The Effect of Drug Solubility on Pharmacokinetics. Lawson, S; Newport, K; Pederneira, N; Rezaei, F; Rownaghi, AA, 2023)	1.11
" Patients were randomized to two sparse sampling technique pharmacokinetic sample time groups."	( A Multi-Center Evaluation of the Pharmacokinetics and Safety of Intravenous Ibuprofen in Infants 1-6 Months of Age. Berkenbosch, JW; Gibson, BHY; Glover, CD; Kaelin, B; Patel, NV; Taylor, MB; Zhong, J, 2023)	1.14
"The pharmacokinetic and short-term safety profiles of IV ibuprofen in pediatric patients 1-6 months of age are comparable to those in children older than 6 months of age."	( A Multi-Center Evaluation of the Pharmacokinetics and Safety of Intravenous Ibuprofen in Infants 1-6 Months of Age. Berkenbosch, JW; Gibson, BHY; Glover, CD; Kaelin, B; Patel, NV; Taylor, MB; Zhong, J, 2023)	1.39
"This study indicates that the pharmacokinetic profile and the parameters of intravenous ibuprofen are analogous in Caucasian and Chinese populations, either adults or children."	( Comparison of intravenous ibuprofen pharmacokinetics between Caucasian and Chinese populations using physiologically based pharmacokinetics modeling and simulation. Di, X; Jin, Y; Qi, X; Wang, Z; Zhang, M; Zheng, L, 2023)	1.43
" Following the successful application of this improved technique to plasma samples, the pharmacokinetic characteristics of each selected drug were evaluated using (UPLC) with UV detection at 210 nm."	( Green UPLC method for estimation of ciprofloxacin, diclofenac sodium, and ibuprofen with application to pharmacokinetic study of human samples. Ahmed-Anwar, AA; Farghali, AA; Hassouna, MEM; Mahmoud, R; Mohamed, MA, 2023)	1.14

Compound-Compound Interactions

We examined whether delayed administration of the nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory agent ibuprofen only or combined with antibiotics suppresses renal scarring in a model of ascending pyelonephritis in rats. No analgesic effects of oral dextromethorphan 120 mg on pain after surgical termination of labour were observed. When in combination with fluconazole, MICs for ib uprofen decreased by up to 64-fold for all the 12 strains studied.

Excerpt	Reference	Relevance
" These agents were tested either alone for the prevention of metastasis or in combination with IL-2 for the eradication of established metastasis."	( Immunotherapy of mammary adenocarcinoma metastases in C3H/HeN mice with chronic administration of cyclo-oxygenase inhibitors alone or in combination with IL-2. Chan, FP; Khoo, NK; Lala, PK; Saarloos, MN, 1992)	0.28
" To evaluate the role of an oral alpha agonist alone and in combination with a nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug in the treatment of experimental rhinovirus colds, 58 subjects were randomized to receive pseudoephedrine 60 mg alone, pseudoephedrine 60 mg plus ibuprofen 200 mg, or placebo, four times daily for 4 1/2 days beginning 30 hours after intranasal rhinovirus inoculation under double-blind conditions."	( Evaluation of an alpha agonist alone and in combination with a nonsteroidal antiinflammatory agent in the treatment of experimental rhinovirus colds. Hayden, FG; Riker, DK; Sorrentino, JV; Sperber, SJ, 1989)	0.46
" When ibuprofen was given in combination with a cytotoxic drug, the primary cytoreductive effect was that of the cytotoxic agent."	( Response of human adenocarcinoma to chemotherapy: as sole agents and in combination with sodium ibuprofen. Braly, PS; DiSaia, PJ; Stratton, JA, 1984)	0.97
" We examined whether delayed administration of the nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory agent ibuprofen only or combined with antibiotics suppresses renal scarring in a model of ascending pyelonephritis in rats."	( Ibuprofen combined with antibiotics suppresses renal scarring due to ascending pyelonephritis in rats. Anderson, AE; Franco, I; Hom, D; Huang, A; Kushner, L; Palmer, LS, 1999)	1.97
"No analgesic effects of oral dextromethorphan 120 mg on pain after surgical termination of labour, and no additive analgesic effects when combined with ibuprofen 400 mg, were observed."	( The effect of dextromethorphan, alone or in combination with ibuprofen, on postoperative pain after minor gynaecological surgery. Bach, LF; Dahl, JB; Ilkjaer, S; Nielsen, PA; Wernberg, M, 2000)	0.75
" When in combination with fluconazole, MICs for ibuprofen decreased by up to 64-fold for all the 12 strains studied."	( Antifungal activity of ibuprofen alone and in combination with fluconazole against Candida species. Fonseca, AF; Mårdh, PA; Martinez-DE-Oliveira, J; Pina-Vaz, C; Rodrigues, AG; Sansonetty, F, 2000)	0.87
" These procedures provide two direct, although non-statistical, means to communicate synergism in drug combination studies."	( Communicating synergism in drug combination studies. Brodkin, J; Shannon, HE, 2000)	0.31
" Four variants of the course treatment were used: 1) monotherapy with enalapril maleate (2 mg twice a day); 2) enalapril maleate (5 mg twice a day) in combination with NSAID; 3) monotherapy with lisinopril (10 mg once a day); 4) lisinopril (10 mg once a day in combination with NSAID."	( [Antihypertensive effect of enalapril and lisinopril administered in combination with nonsteroid anti-inflammatory agents]. Brodskaia, SA; Ivanov, SN; Savenkov, MP, 2001)	0.31
"Only a relatively short immediate analgesic benefit could be demonstrated by a combination of IINB with spinal anaesthesia compared with IINB combined with general anaesthesia."	( Analgesia and discharge following preincisional ilioinguinal and iliohypogastric nerve block combined with general or spinal anaesthesia for inguinal herniorrhaphy. Permi, J; Rosenberg, PH; Toivonen, J, 2004)	0.32
" In the present study, in vitro enzyme kinetic data were used to predict the in vivo clearance and drug-drug interaction potential of four well known CYP2C9 substrates (tolbutamide, fluvastatin, ibuprofen and diclofenac) that are frequently used as benchmark substances in screening programs."	( An evaluation of the in vitro metabolism data for predicting the clearance and drug-drug interaction potential of CYP2C9 substrates. Andersson, TB; Bredberg, E; Ericsson, H; Sjöberg, H, 2004)	0.51
"A technique using a fully automated on-line solid phase extraction (SPE) system (Symbiosis, Spark Holland) combined with liquid chromatography (LC)-mass spectrometry (MS/MS) has been investigated for fast bioanalytical method development, method validation and sample analysis using both conventional C18 and monolithic columns."	( Development and application of a new on-line SPE system combined with LC-MS/MS detection for high throughput direct analysis of pharmaceutical compounds in plasma. Alnouti, Y; Bi, H; Gusev, AI; Kavetskaia, O; Srinivasan, K; Waddell, D, 2005)	0.33
" The potential for drug-drug interactions with febuxostat was examined in the following three in vitro systems: the characteristics of the binding of febuxostat to human plasma proteins; identification of the cytochrome P450 (CYP) and UDP-glucuronosyltransferase (UGT) enzymes participating in the metabolism of febuxostat; and the potential inhibitory effects of febuxostat on typical CYP reactions."	( In vitro drug-drug interaction studies with febuxostat, a novel non-purine selective inhibitor of xanthine oxidase: plasma protein binding, identification of metabolic enzymes and cytochrome P450 inhibition. Hoshide, S; Kanou, M; Mukoyoshi, M; Muroga, H; Nishimura, S; Taniguchi, K; Umeda, S, 2008)	0.35
"This study compared the antipyretic effect of 3 different treatment regimens in children, using either ibuprofen alone, ibuprofen combined with acetaminophen, or ibuprofen followed by acetaminophen over a single 6-hour observation period."	( Efficacy of standard doses of Ibuprofen alone, alternating, and combined with acetaminophen for the treatment of febrile children. Berlin, CM; Engle, L; Paul, IM; Sturgis, SA; Watts, H; Yang, C, 2010)	0.86
"The hepatic organic anion transporting polypeptides (OATPs) influence the pharmacokinetics of several drug classes and are involved in many clinical drug-drug interactions."	( Classification of inhibitors of hepatic organic anion transporting polypeptides (OATPs): influence of protein expression on drug-drug interactions. Artursson, P; Haglund, U; Karlgren, M; Kimoto, E; Lai, Y; Norinder, U; Vildhede, A; Wisniewski, JR, 2012)	0.38
" In addition, using serial sampling methods can be valuable for evaluation of the drug-drug interaction (DDI) potential of drug candidates."	( Using improved serial blood sampling method of mice to study pharmacokinetics and drug-drug interaction. Nezasa, K; Ogawa, K; Shimizu, R; Takai, N; Tanaka, Y; Watanabe, A; Watari, R; Yamaguchi, Y, 2015)	0.42
" The in vitro to in vivo extrapolation approach used in this work was developed to predict possible drug-drug interactions (DDIs) that may occur after coadministration of pemetrexed and nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs), and it included in vitro assays, risk assessment models, and physiologically based pharmacokinetic (PBPK) models."	( Prediction of renal transporter mediated drug-drug interactions for pemetrexed using physiologically based pharmacokinetic modeling. Bacon, JA; Hall, SD; Higgins, JW; Hillgren, KM; Kim, RB; Pak, YA; Posada, MM; Schneck, KB; Tirona, RG, 2015)	0.42
"A fast and low-cost sample preparation method of graphene based dispersive solid-phase extraction combined with gas chromatography-mass spectrometric (GC-MS) analysis, was developed."	( Graphene oxide-based dispersive solid-phase extraction combined with in situ derivatization and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry for the determination of acidic pharmaceuticals in water. Lee, HK; Li, SF; Naing, NN, 2015)	0.42
"This trial evaluated the preemptive and postoperative effect of dexamethasone and ibuprofen on prevention of pain/discomfort, edema and interference in daily life in patients undergoing root coverage combined with subepithelial connective tissue graft (CAF + CTG)."	( Preemptive and Postoperative Medication Protocols for Root Coverage Combined with Connective Tissue Graft. Casarin, RCV; Cirano, FR; Giorgetti, APO; Matos, R; Pimentel, SP; Ribeiro, FV, )	0.36
"The primary purpose of this study was to identify the most common drug-drug interactions (DDI'S) in patients prescribed medications upon discharge from the emergency department."	( Descriptive study of drug-drug interactions attributed to prescriptions written upon discharge from the emergency department. Bridgeman, PJ; Jawaro, T; Mele, J; Wei, G, 2019)	0.51
" The primary endpoint is the identification and characterization of drug-drug interactions caused by discharge prescriptions written by the treating physician."	( Descriptive study of drug-drug interactions attributed to prescriptions written upon discharge from the emergency department. Bridgeman, PJ; Jawaro, T; Mele, J; Wei, G, 2019)	0.51
" schenckii, either alone or in combination with amphotericin B, itraconazole, or terbinafine."	( Anti-Sporothrix activity of ibuprofen combined with antifungal. Borba-Santos, LP; Ferreira-Pereira, A; Nucci, M; Rozental, S, 2021)	0.92
" Here, we evaluate the efficacy and tolerability of a new treatment option (suppositories) containing pollen extract in combination with hyaluronic acid and vitamins in the management of patients with CP/CPPS."	( The efficacy and tolerability of pollen extract in combination with hyaluronic acid and vitamins in the management of patients affected by chronic prostatitis/chronic pelvic pain syndrome: a 26 weeks, randomized, controlled, single-blinded, phase III stud Bjerklund Johansen, TE; Bonkat, G; Cai, T; Cione, E; Gallelli, L; Mirone, V; Palmieri, A; Verze, P; Wagenlehner, FM, 2022)	0.72
" Herein, the impacts of metformin alone and in combination with cimetidine/ibuprofen on some Th1- and regulatory T (Treg) cell-related parameters were evaluated using a breast cancer (BC) model."	( Modulatory Effects of Metformin Alone and in Combination with Cimetidine and Ibuprofen on T Cell-related Parameters in a Breast Cancer Model. Hassan, ZM; Jafarzadeh, A; Khorramdelazad, H; Masoumi, J; Nemati, M; Oladpour, O; Rezayati, MT; Taghipour, F; Taghipour, Z, 2021)	1.08
"To explore the effects of modified Wenjing decoction combined with online publicity and education on the treatment of primary dysmenorrhea of cold coagulation and blood stasis."	( Effects of Modified Wenjing Decoction Combined with Online Publicity and Education on the Treatment of Primary Dysmenorrhea of Cold Coagulation and Blood Stasis. Gai, P; Li, J; Li, N, 2022)	0.72
"Modified Wenjing decoction combined with online publicity and education can obviously improve the clinical symptoms of the patients with primary dysmenorrhea of cold coagulation and blood stasis and reduce the dosage of analgesics."	( Effects of Modified Wenjing Decoction Combined with Online Publicity and Education on the Treatment of Primary Dysmenorrhea of Cold Coagulation and Blood Stasis. Gai, P; Li, J; Li, N, 2022)	0.72
" It was observed that FPV and IBP interact in several ways via hydrogen bonding (HB) leading to changes in the activities of the combined drug and IBP…FPV is predicted to be orally bioavailable."	( Theoretical insights of the drug-drug interaction between favipiravir and ibuprofen: a DFT, QTAIM and drug-likeness investigation. Alver, Ö; Bağlayan, Ö; Parlak, C; Ramasami, P, 2023)	1.14
" Non-steroid anti-inflammatory drugs have shown the antimicrobial potential to be used in combination with antibiotics against bacterial pathogens."	( Evaluation of the effect of ibuprofen in combination with ciprofloxacin on the virulence-associated traits, and efflux pump genes of Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Ghanbari, F; Khodaparast, S; Zamani, H, 2022)	1.02

Bioavailability

The aim of this study was to improve the oral bioavailability and anti-inflammatory activity of the poorly soluble drug ibuprofen (IBU) by employing a new kind of poly(ethyleneimine)s (PEIs)-based mesocellular siliceous foam (MSF) called B-BMSF@PEI. Despite the high amount ionised, ib uprofen appears to be well absorbed and it can be clas clas.

Excerpt	Reference	Relevance
" However, the bioavailability of the 3 preparations studied was not significantly different."	( Bioavailability and platelet aggregation inhibitory activity of solufenum. A comparison with ibuprofen. de Gaetano, G; Gerna, M; Latini, R; Tognoni, G; Villa, S, 1977)	0.48
" Age did not significantly influence the rate of absorption of ibuprofen, its plasma concentration, its rate of elimination, or the time course of ibuprofen concentration in the effect compartment."	( Effect of age on ibuprofen pharmacokinetics and antipyretic response. Kauffman, RE; Nelson, MV, 1992)	0.86
"The partial area method was investigated for evaluation of equivalency in the rate of absorption of immediate release formulations."	( An alternative approach for assessment of rate of absorption in bioequivalence studies. Chen, ML, 1992)	0.28
"This randomized, multiple cross-over pharmacokinetic study was undertaken to determine if food or sucralfate alter the bioavailability of the active S(+) enantiomer of ibuprofen."	( The effect of food or sucralfate on the bioavailability of S(+) and R(-) enantiomers of ibuprofen. Levine, MA; Paton, TW; Walker, SE, 1992)	0.7
" Thus, relative bioavailability of ibuprofen was 101."	( [Comparative biological availability of two different ibuprofen granules]. Krammer, R; Luckow, V; Traub, R, 1992)	0.81
"The bioavailability and pharmacokinetics of ibuprofen, a nonsteroidal antiinflammatory drug, was studied in healthy Shetland ponies."	( Bioavailability of two ibuprofen oral paste formulations in fed or nonfed ponies. Bouckaert, S; De Muynck, C; Mommens, G; Remon, JP; Van Zeveren, A; Vandenbossche, GM, 1992)	0.86
" Oral administration gave higher values for mean residence time (MRT) and absolute bioavailability (F) compared to suppository dosage forms."	( Bioavailability of ibuprofen from oral and suppository preparations in rats. Kaka, JS; Tekle, A, 1992)	0.61
"The influences of absorption rate and dosage size on the pharmacokinetics of ibuprofen (IB) enantiomers were studied in six healthy subjects."	( Human pharmacokinetics of ibuprofen enantiomers following different doses and formulations: intestinal chiral inversion. Jamali, F; Koo, J; Mehvar, R; Russell, AS; Sattari, S; Yakimets, WW, 1992)	0.81
"The pharmacokinetics and the relative bioavailability of a soluble granular form (sachets) of a pharmaceutical formulation containing ibuprofen (CAS 15687-27-1) and 1-arginine were investigated in healthy volunteers."	( Activity and pharmacokinetics of a new oral dosage form of soluble ibuprofen. Ceppi Monti, N; Gazzaniga, A; Gianesello, V; Lodola, E; Stroppolo, F, 1992)	0.72
" This may have therapeutic significance, and it should be taken into account when studies on the relative bioavailability of IP from pharmaceutical drug products are planned."	( Relative pharmacokinetics of three oral 400 mg ibuprofen dosage forms in healthy volunteers. Paronen, P; Peura, P; Saano, V; Vidgren, M, 1991)	0.54
"52 overall, indicating bioavailability of (+)-(S)-ibuprofen may be similar for a 150 mg dose of (+)-(S)-ibuprofen compared to a 200 mg dose of racemate."	( An evaluation of ibuprofen bioinversion by simulation. Rackley, RJ; Rhodes, CT; Romero, AJ, 1991)	0.87
" As a result, physicochemical properties, compression characteristics, intrinsic dissolution and bioavailability may vary substantially."	( Influence of different sources on the processing and biopharmaceutical properties of high-dose ibuprofen formulations. Lukas, G; Rhodes, CT; Romero, AJ, 1991)	0.5
" Oral administrations of the kneaded mixture to beagle dogs showed the LM gelatin to be most effective in accelerating the absorption rate of ibuprofen among the additives used."	( Evaluation of low-molecular gelatin as a pharmaceutical additive for rapidly absorbed oral dosage formulation. Imai, T; Kimura, S; Otagiri, M, 1991)	0.48
" The extent of bioavailability of ibuprofen was not increased by magnesium hydroxide."	( The effect of magnesium hydroxide on the oral absorption of ibuprofen, ketoprofen and diclofenac. Neuvonen, PJ, 1991)	0.8
"In an open controlled randomized cross-over study in 16 healthy male and female volunteers the bioavailability of ibuprofen (CAS 15687-27-1) sugar-coated tablets (Dolo-Dolgit) was tested versus film-coated tablets containing ibuprofen 600 mg."	( [Pharmacokinetics and bioequivalence of two ibuprofen formulations]. Berner, G; Engels, B; Kieferndorf, U; Lenhard, G; Vögtle-Junkert, U, 1990)	0.75
"* To assess the absolute bioavailability of ibuprofen after its oral application as a lysine salt, intravenous injections of ibuprofen solutions containing 200 mg and 400 mg of the drug served as reference application."	( Pharmacokinetics and absolute bioavailability of ibuprofen after oral administration of ibuprofen lysine in man. Augustin, J; Kerkmann, T; Koselowske, G; Mangold, B; Martin, W; Töberich, H, 1990)	0.79
" There was no statistically significant difference between the preparations in the bioavailability of ibuprofen."	( Pharmacokinetics of ibuprofen in man: a single-dose comparison of two over-the-counter, 200 mg preparations. Karttunen, P; Paronen, P; Peura, P; Saano, V; Vidgren, M, 1990)	0.82
" Judged by the AUC, the bioavailability of S(+)-ibuprofen was independent of the dose within the range tested."	( Pharmacokinetics of S(+)- and R(-)-ibuprofen in volunteers and first clinical experience of S(+)-ibuprofen in rheumatoid arthritis. Bach, GL; Brune, K; Geisslinger, G; Loew, D; Schuster, O; Stock, KP, 1990)	0.81
" Using this method the bioavailability of AF 150 and its active metabolite ibuprofen was investigated following parenteral administration and topical application."	( Evaluation of ibuprofen dimethyl aminoethanol octyl bromide and related active metabolites in biological samples. Lucarelli, C; Marzo, A; Monti, N; Reiner, A; Ripamonti, M, 1990)	0.87
"The bioavailability of rectally administered sodium ibuprofen solution and aluminum ibuprofen suspension was determined in eight normal subjects relative to the same treatments administered orally."	( Absorption kinetics of rectally and orally administered ibuprofen. Della-Coletta, AA; Eller, MG; Wright, C, )	0.63
" Spherical matrices with ibuprofen:Eudragit RS = 3:1 improved the bioavailability of the drug and prolonged the drug action in beagle dogs."	( Preparation of prolonged-release spherical micro-matrix of ibuprofen with acrylic polymer by the emulsion-solvent diffusion method for improving bioavailability. Handa, T; Itoh, Y; Iwamoto, T; Kawashima, Y; Niwa, T; Takeuchi, H, 1989)	0.82
" There was no difference in the area under the plasma concentration-time curve, rate of absorption or half-life of elimination of ibuprofen between the three treatments."	( Do nizatidine and cimetidine interact with ibuprofen? Forsyth, DR; Jayasinghe, KS; Roberts, CJ, 1988)	0.74
" The present study was designed to investigate whether the abnormally prolonged post-ASA BT in uremia is due to different ASA pharmacokinetics and bioavailability that might be a consequence of uremic condition, platelet cyclooxygenase is peculiarly sensitive to ASA in uremia, and ASA affects primary hemostasis in uremia by a mechanism independent of cyclooxygenase inhibition."	( Aspirin prolongs bleeding time in uremia by a mechanism distinct from platelet cyclooxygenase inhibition. Bonati, M; Gaspari, F; Livio, M; Orisio, S; Remuzzi, G; Viganò, G, 1987)	0.27
" Thus the extent of R-to-S inversion, and hence the potency of a racemic dose of IB, may be absorption rate dependent."	( Pharmacokinetics of ibuprofen enantiomers in humans following oral administration of tablets with different absorption rates. Coutts, RT; Jamali, F; Pasutto, FM; Russell, AS; Singh, NN, 1988)	0.6
" The relative bioavailability was very similar between Brufen and Burana but about 8% lower for Ibumetin and this difference between Brufen and Ibumetin was significant."	( Bioavailability of three commercial preparations of ibuprofen 600 mg. Heikinheimo, M; Källström, E; Quiding, H, )	0.38
"Moment analysis was utilized in the evaluation of equivalency between test and reference formulations with respect to the rate of absorption for four drugs having different pharmacokinetic characteristics."	( Application of moment analysis in assessing rates of absorption for bioequivalency studies. Chen, ML; Jackson, AJ, 1987)	0.27
" Parameters associated with rate of absorption (i."	( The influence of sucralfate on ibuprofen absorption in healthy adult males. Anaya, AL; Conrad, KA; Dimmitt, DC; Mayersohn, M, )	0.42
" The bioavailability of ibuprofen from sustained-release capsules, was not found to differ significantly from that of ibuprofen from conventional tablets."	( Evaluation of the absorption from three ibuprofen formulations. Bartoli, AL; Ciaroelli, L; Rampini, A; Regazzi, BM; Rondanelli, R, 1986)	0.85
" When bioavailability and kinetic parameters for both drugs were compared, there were no significant differences."	( Ibuprofen and acetaminophen kinetics when taken concurrently. Albert, KS; Antal, EJ; Gillespie, WR; Wright, CE, 1983)	1.71
"Two human bioavailability studies were conducted to assess the in vivo performances of recently marketed 200-, 300-, and 400-mg ibuprofen capsules relative to the innovator's 300- and 400-mg tablets when administered as single oral 300- or 400-mg doses."	( Relative bioavailability of commercially available ibuprofen oral dosage forms in humans. Albert, KS; DiSanto, AR; Gillespie, WR; Monovich, RE, 1982)	0.72
" These methods were applied to bioavailability studies in dogs."	( Determination of flurbiprofen and ibuprofen in dog serum with automated sample preparation. Beaubien, LJ; Rahn, PD; Sears, DJ; Snider, BG, 1981)	0.54
" Higher bioavailability was observed after administration of the SC containing IB than after administration of the bulk IB powder."	( Studies on dissolution tests for soft gelatin capsules by the rotating dialysis cell (RDC) method. VI. Preparation and evaluation of ibuprofen soft gelatin capsule. Kanaya, Y; Takahashi, M; Uchiyama, M; Yuasa, H, 1995)	0.5
"The relative bioavailability of ibuprofen (CAS 15687-27-1) was investigated following a single administration of a suspension containing enteric-coated microcapsules (A) in comparison to a rapid-release film-coated tablet (B) and a sustained-release tablet (C)."	( Pharmacokinetics of ibuprofen following a single administration of a suspension containing enteric-coated microcapsules. Laicher, A; Stanislaus, F; Walter, K; Weiss, G, 1995)	0.9
"This investigation was carried out to evaluate the bioavailability of a new tablet formulation of ibuprofen (600 mg), Profinal, relative to reference product, Brufen (600 mg) tablets."	( Comparative bioavailability of two tablet formulations of ibuprofen. al-Dhawailie, AA; al-Khamis, KI; al-Meshal, MA; al-Rashood, KA; al-Rayes, S; Bin-Salih, SA; el-Sayed, YM; Gouda, MW, 1995)	0.75
" The relative bioavailability of ibuprofen and naproxen, following oral administration of ibudice and napdice, was 96% and 74%, respectively, and the rate of absorption was not significantly different from that obtained following oral dosing of the parent compound."	( Pharmacokinetic analysis of diethylcarbonate prodrugs of ibuprofen and naproxen. Avnir, D; Bialer, M; Ladkani, D; Samara, E, 1995)	0.82
" When lauric acid, as a permeation enhancer, was added to both of the binary vehicles, the in vitro and in vivo skin permeability of three drugs further increased, and the in vivo absorption rate of the drugs from the ethanol/water (60/40) system was larger than that from the ethanol/panasate 800 (40/60) system."	( Effect of hydrophilic and lipophilic vehicles on skin permeation of tegafur, alclofenac and ibuprofen with or without permeation enhancers. Goto, S; Kim, NS; Kitagawa, K; Lee, CK; Uchida, T; Yagi, A, 1993)	0.51
" Because bioinversion of R(-)ibuprofen is not complete, S(+)ibuprofen produced higher bioavailability of S(+)ibuprofen (92."	( Pharmacokinetics and bioinversion of ibuprofen enantiomers in humans. Cheng, H; Demetriades, JL; Depuy, E; Holland, SD; Rogers, JD; Seibold, JR, 1994)	0.85
"The purpose of this study was to determine whether a concomitant single oral dose of one of the anion exchange resins colestipol hydrochloride (10 g) or cholestyramine (8 g) administered with ibuprofen (400 mg) would alter the bioavailability of this non-steroidal anti-inflammatory agent."	( The effect of colestipol and cholestyramine on ibuprofen bioavailability in man. al-Balla, SR; al-Meshal, MA; el-Sayed, YM; Gouda, MW, 1994)	0.74
" By analysis of the plasma drug concentrations appearing after topical application, the relative drug bioavailability was calculated in terms of Cmax (maximum blood concentration of the drug), AUC (area under the curve of drug plasma concentrations at various time points) and Tmax (the time required for appearance of maximum drug concentration in the blood)."	( Percutaneous absorption of ibuprofen from different formulations. Comparative study with gel, hydrophilic ointment and emulsion cream. Seth, PL, 1993)	0.58
" The absorption rate constants (ka) were estimated on the presumption of complete absorption and dose-dependent elimination."	( Bioavailability of racemic ibuprofen and its lysinate from suppositories in rabbits. Garrett, ER; Gtówka, FK; Hermann, TW, 1993)	0.58
" Harmonic mean oral bioavailability was 99% (range, 79 to 112)."	( Pharmacokinetics of ibuprofen in lactating dairy cows. Anderson, KL; Aucoin, DP; DeGraves, FJ, 1993)	0.61
" We investigated the bioavailability of the enantiomers of ibuprofen in 10 healthy volunteers."	( Lack of presystemic inversion of (R)- to (S)-ibuprofen in humans. Brater, DC; Hall, SD; Knight, PM; Rudy, AC, 1993)	0.79
" After 50 and 100 mg/kg administered orally, bioavailability was 90."	( Pharmacokinetics of ibuprofen in lactating dairy goats. Anderson, KL; Aucoin, DP; DeGraves, FJ, 1993)	0.61
"Two bioavailability studies of S(+)-ibuprofen (dexibuprofen) were conducted in healthy volunteers to define the relationship between the bioavailability of the drug after administration of dexibuprofen alone or as part of ibuprofen racemate."	( Comparison of the bioavailability of dexibuprofen administered alone or as part of racemic ibuprofen. Gabard, B; Kikuta, C; Mascher, H; Mayer, JM; Nirnberger, G; Schiel, H, 1995)	0.83
"The absorption, pharmacokinetics and bioavailability of ibuprofen (CAS 15687-27-1) were investigated for an ibuprofen gel preparation (ibugel) for percutaneous application, and compared to a standard oral ibuprofen tablet preparation."	( Pharmacokinetics and bioavailability of percutaneous ibuprofen. Kaiser, RR; Kleinbloesem, CH; Ouwerkerk, M; Spitznagel, W; Wilkinson, FE, 1995)	0.79
" Since ibuprofen does not belong to the drugs with problematic bioavailability it can be expected that in case of repeated application at an interval limited in time equal results are achieved with considerable intra-and intersubject variations."	( Intrasubject variability in bioequivalence studies illustrated by the example of ibuprofen. Vögtle-Junkert, U; Wagener, HH, 1996)	0.98
"2 micrograms/mL, respectively, with an estimated bioavailability of 46."	( Bioavailability and pharmacokinetics of ibuprofen in the broiler chicken. Chen, CL; Chen, H; Roder, JD; Sangiah, S, 1996)	0.56
" Although food did not affect the bioavailability of this formulation, there was a statistically significant increase in the mean (+/-SE) concentration of the first peak (Cpeak 1) from 14."	( The effect of food on the bioavailability of ibuprofen and flurbiprofen from sustained release formulations. Kelkar, MG; Nayak, PJ; Pargal, A, 1996)	0.55
" An illustration of the application of the program is presented to compare the bioavailability of ibuprofen when administered alone or followed by colestipol hydrochloride or by cholestyramine."	( Design of crossover microcomputer program and application on drug bioequivalence data. Abdullah, ME; El-Sayed, YM, 1995)	0.51
"Representative nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID) cyclooxygenase inhibitors such as ibuprofen, naproxen, and indomethacin were used as orally bioavailable scaffolds to design selective 5-lipoxygenase (5-LO) inhibitors."	( Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs as scaffolds for the design of 5-lipoxygenase inhibitors. Bell, RL; Bouska, J; Brooks, CD; Carter, GW; Dellaria, JF; Hulkower, KI; Kolasa, T; Rodriques, KE; Summers, JB, 1997)	0.52
" Tmax values of S(+)- and (-)R-ibuprofen after a single dose of 400 mg of each enantiomer did not differ significantly from the corresponding parameters obtained after a single dose of 800 mg of racemic ibuprofen arginine, indicating that the absorption rate of (-)R- and (+)S-ibuprofen is not different when the two enantiomers are administered alone or as a racemic compound."	( Preliminary pharmacokinetic study of ibuprofen enantiomers after administration of a new oral formulation (ibuprofen arginine) to healthy male volunteers. Bani, M; Brogin, G; Della Pepa, C; Eandi, M; Fornasini, G; Gallina, M; Monti, N; Persiani, S; Strolin Benedetti, M; Zara, G, 1997)	0.86
"There has recently been concern about confidence intervals calculated using the standard error of parameter estimates from NONMEM, a computer program that uses a non-linear mixed-effects model to calculate relative bioavailability (F), because of possible downward bias of these estimates."	( A comparison of the standard approach and the NONMEM approach in the estimation of bioavailability in man. Combrink, M; McFadyen, ML; Miller, R, 1997)	0.3
"Stereoselective disposition of ibuprofen microspheres showed higher bioavailability compared to the conventional suspension."	( Stereoselective disposition of suspensions of conventional and wax-matrix sustained release ibuprofen microspheres in rats. Adeyeye, CM; Chen, FF, 1997)	0.8
" The results of the study demonstrated that the rate of absorption of the FMT was markedly slower than that of the SCT."	( Comparative bioavailability study of two oral formulations of ibuprofen. Corpetti, G; Dionisio, P; Rosignoli, MT, 1998)	0.54
"The study objective was to compare the bioavailability of codeine and ibuprofen after oral administration of the two drugs alone or in association."	( Comparative bioavailability study of codeine and ibuprofen after administration of the two products alone or in association to 24 healthy volunteers. Delarue, A; Duchene, P; Gleizes, S; Hirt, P; Houin, G; Laneury, JP; Molinier, P, )	0.62
" Bioavailability tests were carried out on healthy volunteers."	( Biopharmaceutical evaluation of time-controlled press-coated tablets containing polymers to adjust drug release. Ervasti, P; Halsas, M; Jürjenson, H; Marvola, M; Veski, P, )	0.13
" The properties of the products were initially tested via dissolution studies at different pHs, then via bioavailability studies in healthy volunteers."	( Enteric polymers as binders and coating materials in multiple-unit site-specific drug delivery systems. Autere, A; Isonen, N; Marvola, M; Nykänen, P; Rautio, S, 1999)	0.3
"To improve the bioavailability of ibuprofen, a thorough preformulation trial was undertaken."	( Product development studies on the tablet formulation of ibuprofen to improve bioavailability. Chatterjee, M; Ghosh, LK; Ghosh, NC; Gupta, BK, 1998)	0.82
" Drug absorption was studied in bioavailability tests in healthy volunteers."	( Organic acids as excipients in matrix granules for colon-specific drug delivery. Heinämäki, J; Jürjensson, H; Krogars, K; Marvola, M; Nykänen, P; Säkkinen, M; Veski, P, 1999)	0.3
" The absorption half-life was 13 minutes, and bioavailability ranged from 71 to 100%."	( Pharmacokinetics of ibuprofen after intravenous and oral administration and assessment of safety of administration to healthy foals. Breuhaus, BA; DeGraves, FJ; Honore, EK; Papich, MG, 1999)	0.63
" Bioavailability studies in male beagle dogs clearly showed the sustained nature of release from chitosan based ibuprofen tablet as compared to conventional ibuprofen marketed formulation."	( Dissolution studies on tablets of ibuprofen using chitosan. Ilango, R; Jaykar, B; Kavimani, S; Umamaheshwari, G, 1999)	0.79
"Glucoconjugates of (+/-)-ibuprofen, (+/-)-alpha-tocopherol (vitamin E), gentisic acid, gallic acid, 2,6-bis(tert-butyl)-4-thiophenol, and N-acetyl-L-cysteine were prepared with the objective of increasing the bioavailability of such antioxidant and anti-inflammatory drugs."	( Synthesis of antioxidative and anti-inflammatory drugs glucoconjugates. Beyreuther, K; Picard, MA; Uhrig, RK; Wiessler, M, 2000)	0.61
"The quantitative structure-bioavailability relationship of 232 structurally diverse drugs was studied to evaluate the feasibility of constructing a predictive model for the human oral bioavailability of prospective new medicinal agents."	( QSAR model for drug human oral bioavailability. Topliss, JG; Yoshida, F, 2000)	0.31
"The bioavailability of ibuprofen from matrix mini-tablets based on microcrystalline wax and a starch derivative was tested."	( Bioavailability of ibuprofen from matrix mini-tablets based on a mixture of starch and microcrystalline wax. Berlo, JA; De Brabander, C; Görtz, JP; Remon, JP; Vervaet, C, 2000)	0.95
"We investigated whether chemical association of phosphatidylcholine (PC) to ibuprofen enhances the anti-inflammatory/analgesic activity of the nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID) and whether any change in therapeutic action is due to alterations in drug bioavailability and cyclooxygenase (COX) inhibitory activity."	( Phosphatidylcholine association increases the anti-inflammatory and analgesic activity of ibuprofen in acute and chronic rodent models of joint inflammation: relationship to alterations in bioavailability and cyclooxygenase-inhibitory potency. Ashraf, AQ; Behbod, F; Darling, R; de Ruijter, WM; Lichtenberger, LM; Romero, JJ; Sanduja, SK, 2001)	0.76
" Drug release rates were studied at different pH levels and drug absorption was studied in bioavailability tests."	( Citric acid as excipient in multiple-unit enteric-coated tablets for targeting drugs on the colon. Aaltonen, ML; Jürjenson, H; Lempää, S; Marvola, M; Nykänen, P; Veski, P, 2001)	0.31
" A solubilized 200 mg liquigel formulation of ibuprofen has been shown to have a more rapid rate of absorption compared with ibuprofen 200 mg tablets."	( Onset of analgesia for liquigel ibuprofen 400 mg, acetaminophen 1000 mg, ketoprofen 25 mg, and placebo in the treatment of postoperative dental pain. Cooper, S; Doyle, G; Jayawardena, S; Marrero, I; Olson, NZ; Otero, AM; Sunshine, A; Tirado, S, 2001)	0.85
"5:1, dexibuprofen was found to be at least as efficacious as racemic ibuprofen; 75% of the maximum daily dose of dexibuprofen was equally efficacious as 100% of MDD of diclofenac; no influence was found of meals on bioavailability and a significant doseresponse relationship; there was clinical efficacy in rheumatoid arthritis, ankylosing spondylitis, osteoarthritis of the hip, osteoarthritis of the knee, lumbar vertebral syndrome, distortion of the ankle joint and dysmenorrhoea; there was good tolerability compared to other NSAIDs: racemic ibuprofen showed a 30% and diclofenac a 90% higher incidence of adverse drug reactions; the long-term study stated a 15."	( Overview on clinical data of dexibuprofen. Phleps, W, 2001)	1.03
" There were no marked differences in the bioavailability properties of either the oral or rectal HPMC capsules containing ibuprofen as model drug as compared with corresponding gelatine capsule formulations."	( Bioavailability and in vitro oesophageal sticking tendency of hydroxypropyl methylcellulose capsule formulations and corresponding gelatine capsule formulations. Eerikäinen, S; Honkanen, O; Janne, M; Laaksonen, P; Martti, M; Marvola, J; Marvola, M; Pia, L; Raimo, T; Sari, E; Tuominen, R, 2002)	0.52
" Occlusive dressing techniques had a greater enhancing effect on the bioavailability of ibuprofen when released from Pluronic gels."	( Percutaneous absorption of non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs from in situ gelling xyloglucan formulations in rats. Attwood, D; Bachynsky, J; Kawasaki, N; Kubo, W; Loebenberg, R; Miyazaki, S; Suzuki, S; Takahashi, A, 2002)	0.54
"The pharmacological profile of the topical IBU-RS nanosuspension formulation described in this study indicates that the dispersion of the drug within RS polymer nanoparticles increased its ocular bioavailability and ultimately its pharmacological activity."	( Enhanced ocular anti-inflammatory activity of ibuprofen carried by an Eudragit RS100 nanoparticle suspension. Bucolo, C; Maltese, A; Pignatello, R; Puglisi, G, )	0.39
" In the study reported, the biopharmaceutical properties of granules containing microcrystalline chitosan (MCCh; molecular weight 150 kDa, degree of deacetylation 75%) were evaluated via bioavailability tests in human volunteers."	( In vivo evaluation of matrix granules containing microcrystalline chitosan as a gel-forming excipient. Jürjenson, H; Linna, A; Marvola, M; Ojala, S; Säkkinen, M; Veski, P, 2003)	0.32
" Despite the high amount ionised, ibuprofen appears to be well absorbed and it can be classified as a highly permeable drug."	( Effect of buffer media composition on the solubility and effective permeability coefficient of ibuprofen. Corrigan, OI; Lane, ME; Levis, KA, 2003)	0.82
"The influence of sodium/potassium salt water extract incorporated in a traditional meal on the bioavailability of Ibuprofen tablets 400mg dose was studied in 6 healthy human volunteers."	( Effect of sodium/potassium salt (potash) on the bioavailability of ibuprofen in healthy human volunteers. Yakasai, IA, )	0.58
"The objectives of this study were to evaluate the bioavailability of cogranulated and oven-dried ibuprofen (IBU) and beta-cyclodextrin (betaCD), in comparison to a physical mixture, and to examine the effect of endogenous bile on the bioavailability of the drug."	( Enhanced bioavailability of process-induced fast-dissolving ibuprofen cogranulated with beta-cyclodextrin. Adeyeye, MC; Ghorab, MK, 2003)	0.78
"19, respectively, indicating that pharmacological effects may depend on the absorption rate in rabbits."	( Effects of absorption rate on the pre-systemic chiral inversion of ibuprofen in rabbits. Ding, G; Doki, K; Hayakawa, T; Inotsume, N; Lin, W; Yanaguimoto, H, 2003)	0.56
"The influence of Tamarindus indica L fruit extract incorporated in a traditional meal on the bioavailability of Ibuprofen tablets 400 mg dose when given concurrently was studied in 6 healthy human volunteers."	( Effect of Tamarindus indica. L on the bioavailability of ibuprofen in healthy human volunteers. Bakare, MT; Garba, M; Munir, HY; Yakasai, IA, )	0.59
"Magnesium hydroxide has been shown to increase the rate of absorption of ibuprofen."	( Magnesium hydroxide in ibuprofen tablet reduces the gastric mucosal tolerability of ibuprofen. Ikävalko, H; Jouhikainen, T; Löyttyniemi, E; Mäenpää, J; Neuvonen, PJ; Perttunen, K; Tarpila, A; Tarpila, S, 2004)	0.87
"The objective of the two pharmacokinetic studies reported here was to compare the relative bioavailability of an ibuprofen/pseudoephedrine modified-release capsule with each of the active ingredients given alone as standard formulations."	( Common cold and influenza symptom management: the use of pharmacokinetic considerations to predict the efficacy of a twice-daily treatment for colds and flu. Little, S; Stillings, M; Sykes, J, 2003)	0.53
"To improve the bioavailability of poorly water-soluble ibuprofen in the rectum with poloxamer and menthol, the effects of menthol and poloxamer 188 on the aqueous solubility of ibuprofen were investigated."	( Enhanced rectal bioavailability of ibuprofen in rats by poloxamer 188 and menthol. Choi, HG; Choi, JS; Kim, CK; Kim, DC; Kim, DD; Lee, BJ; Rhee, JD; Yang, CH; Yong, CS, 2004)	0.85
" Drug absorption was studied by means of bioavailability tests."	( Citric acid as a pH-regulating additive in granules and the tablet matrix in enteric-coated formulations for colon-specific drug delivery. Jürjenson, H; Marvola, M; Nykänen, P; Sten, T; Veski, P, 2004)	0.32
"(+/-) Ibuprofen sugar derivatives were prepared in order to decrease side-effects and increase bioavailability of (+/-) ibuprofen."	( [Synthesis of (+/-) ibuprofen sugar derivatives]. Li, YX; Qu, F; Song, N; Sun, X, 2004)	1.13
"The bioavailability of ibuprofen from hot-melt extruded mini-matrices based on ethyl cellulose and a hydrophilic excipient was tested."	( Bioavailability of ibuprofen from hot-melt extruded mini-matrices. De Brabander, C; Remon, JP; Van Bortel, L; Vervaet, C, 2004)	0.96
" Thus, the liquid suppository system with P 188 and menthol, a more convenient and effective rectal dosage form for ibuprofen will be expected to enhance the rectal bioavailability of ibuprofen."	( Preparation of ibuprofen-loaded liquid suppository using eutectic mixture system with menthol. Choi, HG; Jung, SH; Kim, CK; Kim, HD; Oh, YK; Rhee, JD; Yong, CS, 2004)	0.89
" Flavonol-albumin binding is expected to modulate the bioavailability of flavonols."	( Flavonoid-serum albumin complexation: determination of binding constants and binding sites by fluorescence spectroscopy. Dangles, O; Dufour, C, 2005)	0.33
"We examined the design of the versatile novel self-emulsifying drug delivery systems (SEDDS) type O/W microemulsion formulation which enhances the oral bioavailability by raising the solubility of poorly water soluble compounds."	( The novel formulation design of self-emulsifying drug delivery systems (SEDDS) type O/W microemulsion I: enhancing effects on oral bioavailability of poorly water soluble compounds in rats and beagle dogs. Araya, H; Hayashi, M; Nagao, S; Tomita, M, 2005)	0.33
"Aqueous solubility is an important parameter for the development of liquid formulations and in the determination of bioavailability of oral dosage forms."	( Solubility of (+/-)-ibuprofen and S (+)-ibuprofen in the presence of cosolvents and cyclodextrins. Beach, JW; Jun, HW; Nerurkar, J; Park, MO, 2005)	0.65
"To improve the oral bioavailability of poorly water-soluble ibuprofen with poloxamer and menthol, the effects of menthol and poloxamer 188 on the aqueous solubility of ibuprofen were investigated."	( Enhanced oral bioavailability of ibuprofen in rats by poloxamer gel using poloxamer 188 and menthol. Choi, HG; Han, SS; Kim, CK; Kim, JA; Kim, JH; Kim, JO; Kong, KH; Lee, MK; Lyoo, WS; Park, YJ; Rhee, JD; Xuan, JJ; Yang, CH; Yong, CS, 2005)	0.85
"The design of the novel O/W microemulsion formulation, which enhances the oral bioavailability by raising the solubility of poorly water soluble compounds was examined."	( The novel formulation design of O/W microemulsion for improving the gastrointestinal absorption of poorly water soluble compounds. Araya, H; Hayashi, M; Tomita, M, 2005)	0.33
" Absorption rate constants (k(0)) were determined from fractions of drug unabsorbed from the intestineat steady state."	( Effect of intestinal fluid flux on ibuprofen absorption in the rat intestine. Corrigan, OI; Lane, ME; Levis, KA, 2006)	0.61
" The increase in in vitro dissolution rate may favourably affect bioavailability and improve safety for the patient by decreasing gastric irritancy."	( Preparation and evaluation of nanosuspensions for enhancing the dissolution of poorly soluble drugs. Baumgartner, S; Kocbek, P; Kristl, J, 2006)	0.33
" Although a significant difference in dissolution rate of the 20% and 30% xanthan gum mini-matrices was detected in vitro, the difference in relative bioavailability was limited (70."	( Xanthan gum to tailor drug release of sustained-release ethylcellulose mini-matrices prepared via hot-melt extrusion: in vitro and in vivo evaluation. Remon, JP; Verhoeven, E; Vervaet, C, 2006)	0.33
"The objective was to investigate pig ear skin as a surrogate for human skin in the assessment of topical drug bioavailability by sequential tape-stripping of the stratum corneum (SC)."	( Pig ear skin ex vivo as a model for in vivo dermatopharmacokinetic studies in man. Guy, RH; Hadgraft, J; Herkenne, C; Kalia, YN; Naik, A, 2006)	0.33
" Ibuprofen arginate and dexibuprofen showed similar bioavailability for S(+)-ibuprofen."	( A comparative study of the pharmacokinetics of ibuprofen arginate versus dexibuprofen in healthy volunteers. Azanza, JR; Campanero, MA; Esteras, A; García-Quetglas, E; Gil-Aldea, I; Muñoz-Juarez, MJ; Sádaba, B, 2006)	1.5
"Enteric microparticles were prepared by a novel microencapsulation method in order to improve the oral bioavailability of lipophilic drugs."	( Encapsulation of lipophilic drugs within enteric microparticles by a novel coacervation method. Bodmeier, R; Dong, W, 2006)	0.33
" A single-dose oral bioavailability study revealed significant differences in C(max), T(max), t(1/2a), t(1/2e), K(a), K(e), and AUC between the conventional tablet and optimized or Fenlong-SR capsule dosage forms."	( In vitro and in vivo evaluation of single-unit commercial conventional tablet and sustained-release capsules compared with multiple-unit polystyrene microparticle dosage forms of Ibuprofen. Sa, B; Tamilvanan, S, 2006)	0.53
"The bioavailability of a new ibuprofen (2-(p-isobutylphenyl)propionic acid, CAS 15687-27-1) preparation was compared with a reference preparation of the drug in 23 healthy male volunteers, aged between 19 and 27."	( Comparative bioavailability study of two ibuprofen preparations after oral administration in healthy volunteers. Bienert, A; Drobnik, L; Dyderski, S; Grześkowiak, E; Slawińiska, U; Szkutnik-Fiedler, D; Wolc, A, 2006)	0.89
" In summary, tape-stripping experiments, with careful interpretation, can reveal details of a drug's bioavailability in the skin following topical application and may be used to probe the mechanism(s) by which certain excipients influence local drug delivery."	( Effect of propylene glycol on ibuprofen absorption into human skin in vivo. Guy, RH; Hadgraft, J; Herkenne, C; Kalia, YN; Naik, A, 2008)	0.63
"Ibuprofen-Poloxamer 188 (P 188) binary solid dispersions (SD) with different drug loadings were prepared, characterized by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), and evaluated for solubility, in vitro release, and oral bioavailability of ibuprofen in rats."	( Preparation, characterization and in vivo evaluation of ibuprofen binary solid dispersions with poloxamer 188. Bhandari, KH; Choi, HG; Kim, JA; Kwon, TH; Li, DX; Lyoo, WS; Newa, M; Woo, JS; Yong, CS; Yoo, BK, 2007)	2.03
"The effect of absorption rate on the pharmacokinetics of ibuprofen enantiomers was investigated in 12 healthy Han Chinese male volunteers following oral administration of immediate-release (IR) and sustained-release (SR) preparations containing racemic ibuprofen (rac-ibuprofen)."	( Effect of absorption rate on pharmacokinetics of ibuprofen in relation to chiral inversion in humans. Ding, G; Fukushima, S; Hayakawa, T; Inotsume, N; Kishimoto, S; Lin, W; Liu, Y; Sun, J; Takeuchi, Y; Toda, T, 2007)	0.84
" Etoricoxib is partly metabolised by the cytochrome P450 isoenzyme CYP 3A4 and increases the bioavailability of ethinylestradiol."	( Etoricoxib: new drug. Avoid using cox-2 inhibitors for pain. , 2007)	0.34
" Serial blood sample were collected for bioavailability studies."	( Rapidly dissolving formulations for quick absorption during pain episodes: ibuprofen. Aghazadeh-Habashi, A; Jamali, F, 2008)	0.58
"Vagal suppression resulted in significantly decreased absorption rate of ibuprofen enantiomers following administration of the regular release but not after fast-dissolving formulation."	( Rapidly dissolving formulations for quick absorption during pain episodes: ibuprofen. Aghazadeh-Habashi, A; Jamali, F, 2008)	0.81
" To develop a novel ibuprofen-loaded gelatin microcapsule with bioavailability enhancement, the effect of spray-drying conditions, gelatin, ibuprofen and sodium lauryl sulfate on the ibuprofen solubility and the amount of ethanol encapsulated in gelatin microcapsule were investigated."	( Novel gelatin microcapsule with bioavailability enhancement of ibuprofen using spray-drying technique. Choi, HG; Kim, JO; Li, DX; Lim, SJ; Oh, YK; Sung, JH; Yang, HJ; Yong, CS, 2008)	0.91
" Literature data suggest that antacid interactions may increase or decrease the drug's absorption rate and onset of action and that the interaction may be formulation specific."	( Rationale for ibuprofen co-administration with antacids: potential interaction mechanisms affecting drug absorption. Corrigan, OI; Parojcić, J, 2008)	0.71
"To improve its solubility, dissolution, and bioavailability; Ibuprofen-polyethylene glycol 8000 (PEG 8000) solid dispersions (SDs) with different drug loadings were prepared, characterized by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), and evaluated for solubility, in-vitro release, and oral bioavailability of ibuprofen in rats."	( Enhancement of solubility, dissolution and bioavailability of ibuprofen in solid dispersion systems. Bhandari, KH; Choi, HG; Im, JS; Kim, JA; Kim, JO; Newa, M; Woo, JS; Yong, CS; Yoo, BK, 2008)	0.83
"To improve its dissolution, ibuprofen solid dispersions (SDs) were prepared in a relatively easy and simple manner, characterized by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), and evaluated for solubility, in-vitro drug release and oral bioavailability of ibuprofen in rats."	( Preparation and evaluation of immediate release ibuprofen solid dispersions using polyethylene glycol 4000. Bhandari, KH; Choi, HG; Kim, JA; Kim, JO; Li, DX; Newa, M; Woo, JS; Yong, CS; Yoo, BK; Yoo, DS, 2008)	0.9
" Bioavailability of ibuprofen was pharmacokinetically assessed."	( Clinical trial: comparison of ibuprofen-phosphatidylcholine and ibuprofen on the gastrointestinal safety and analgesic efficacy in osteoarthritic patients. Anand, BS; Lanza, FL; Lichtenberger, LM; Marathi, UK, 2008)	0.96
" They were evaluated for solubility, in vitro release, and oral bioavailability of ibuprofen in rats."	( Preparation and evaluation of fast dissolving ibuprofen-polyethylene glycol 6000 solid dispersions. Bhandari, KH; Choi, HG; Kim, JA; Lyoo, WS; Newa, M; Woo, JS; Yong, CS; Yoo, BK, 2008)	0.83
" Preliminary results from this study suggested that the preparation of fast dissolving ibuprofen SDs by low-temperature melting method using polyethylene glycol 20000 as a meltable hydrophilic polymer carrier could be a promising approach to improve solubility, dissolution, and absorption rate of ibuprofen."	( Enhanced dissolution of ibuprofen using solid dispersion with polyethylene glycol 20000. Bhandari, KH; Choi, HG; Kim, JA; Lee, DX; Newa, M; Sung, JH; Woo, JS; Yong, CS; Yoo, BK, 2008)	0.88
"25 and the relative bioavailability of the test formulation was 99."	( Bioequivalence study of two formulations containing 400 mg dexibuprofen in healthy Indian subjects. Agarwal, S; Chakraborty, U; Chattaraj, TK; Das, A; Mandal, U; Nandi, U; Pal, TK, 2008)	0.59
" The relative bioavailability of ibuprofen gel compared to the two marketed products was 228."	( Optimization of ibuprofen gel formulations using experimental design technique for enhanced transdermal penetration. Chang, SY; Chi, SC; Park, CW; Park, ES; Rhee, YS, 2008)	0.97
"This phase I study was designed to determine the bioavailability and bioequivalence of 400 mg Eudorlin extra* (Ibuprofen) in comparison to two reference formulations (400 mg Nurofen forte and 400 mg Migränin after single dose administration under fasting conditions in healthy subjects."	( Bioequivalence study of three ibuprofen formulations after single dose administration in healthy volunteers. Bramlage, P; Goldis, A, 2008)	0.85
"The main objective of this study was to prepare a solid form of lipid-based self-emulsifying drug delivery system (SEDDS) by spray drying liquid SEDDS with an inert solid carrier Aerosil 200 to improve the oral bioavailability of poorly water-soluble drug dexibuprofen."	( Enhanced oral bioavailability of dexibuprofen by a novel solid self-emulsifying drug delivery system (SEDDS). Balakrishnan, P; Choi, HG; Hong, MJ; Jee, JP; Kim, JA; Kim, JO; Lee, BJ; Oh, DH; Woo, JS; Yong, CS; Yoo, BK, 2009)	0.81
" The dissolution and bioavailability of solid dispersion in rats were then evaluated compared to ibuprofen powder."	( Development of novel ibuprofen-loaded solid dispersion with improved bioavailability using aqueous solution. Choi, HG; Hwang, MR; Kim, JO; Koo, YB; Kwon, R; Oh, DH; Park, YJ; Quan, QZ; Woo, JS; Yong, CS, 2009)	0.89
" Currently available in the market are preparations in which bioavailability of ibuprofen is increased by salification with various salts."	( Ibuprofen-arginine generates nitric oxide and has enhanced anti-inflammatory effects. Cattaneo, D; Clementi, E; Cuzzocrea, S; De Palma, C; Di Paola, R; Mazzon, E; Perrotta, C; Trabucchi, E, 2009)	2.02
"Oral bioavailability (F) is a product of fraction absorbed (Fa), fraction escaping gut-wall elimination (Fg), and fraction escaping hepatic elimination (Fh)."	( Physicochemical space for optimum oral bioavailability: contribution of human intestinal absorption and first-pass elimination. Chang, G; El-Kattan, A; Miller, HR; Obach, RS; Rotter, C; Steyn, SJ; Troutman, MD; Varma, MV, 2010)	0.36
"75 h) with a non-chiral method were assayed with a chiral method to investigate whether there was an actual difference in the rate of absorption within the limits of C(max) and AUC bioequivalence."	( Rationale and conditions for the requirement of chiral bioanalytical methods in bioequivalence studies. Blanco, M; Farré, M; García-Arieta, A; Roset, P; Torrado, JJ, 2010)	0.36
"Due to the fact that in bioequivalence studies the rate of absorption of the new product is unknown, chiral bioanalytical methods should be employed for chiral drugs, such as ibuprofen, whose enantiomers exhibit different pharmacodynamic characteristics and whose enantiomer concentration ratio might be modified by the rate of absorption, irrespective of whether the eutomer is the minor enantiomer or the similarity of the pharmacokinetics of the enantiomers at a given rate of absorption."	( Rationale and conditions for the requirement of chiral bioanalytical methods in bioequivalence studies. Blanco, M; Farré, M; García-Arieta, A; Roset, P; Torrado, JJ, 2010)	0.55
" Such pegylated NPs made from these two different polymers might find many applications, being able to convert poorly soluble, poorly absorbed substances into promising drugs, improving their therapeutic performance, and helping them reach adequately their target area."	( Effect of polyethylene glycol (PEG) chain organization on the physicochemical properties of poly(D, L-lactide) (PLA) based nanoparticles. Essa, S; Hildgen, P; Rabanel, JM, 2010)	0.36
" To show the importance of physicochemical properties, the classic QSAR and CoMFA of neonicotinoids and prediction of bioavailability of pesticides in terms of membrane permeability in comparison with drugs are described."	( Importance of physicochemical properties for the design of new pesticides. Akamatsu, M, 2011)	0.37
" In comparison to the non-conjugated drug in oily solution, the relative bioavailability of ibuprofen conjugates from oily solution, and o/w emulsion was reduced to 17% and 10%, respectively."	( In vivo assessment of parenteral formulations of oligo(3-hydroxybutyric Acid) conjugates with the model compound Ibuprofen. Ehrhardt, C; Grieb, P; Luczyk-Juzwa, M; Stasiak, P; Sznitowska, M, 2010)	0.79
" The dissolution rate and bioavailability of dexibuprofen loaded in dry elixir were increased compared with those of dexibuprofen powder."	( Dry elixir formulations of dexibuprofen for controlled release and enhanced oral bioavailability. Kim, CK; Kim, JK; Kim, SR; Park, JS, 2011)	0.91
" However, rate of drug elimination and bioavailability was not affected by µG, suggesting no need for dose adjustment."	( Effect of microgravity on the pharmacokinetics of Ibuprofen in humans. Arafat, T; Idkaidek, N, 2011)	0.62
" Conversely, another formulation was bioequivalent both in AUC and C(max) in a pilot study (n = 10) and a final study (n = 18), demonstrating that the previous failures were not due to lack of statistical power, but due to a different absorption rate that cannot be detected in vitro."	( Investigation on the possibility of biowaivers for ibuprofen. Alvarez, C; García-Arieta, A; Gordon, J; Núñez, I; Potthast, H; Torrado, JJ, 2011)	0.62
"Lipid nanocapsules (LNC) are colloidal carriers providing controlled release profiles and improved bioavailability for many drug substances and diverse administration routes."	( Lipid nanocapsules for dermal application: a comparative study of lipid-based versus polymer-based nanocarriers. Abdel-Mottaleb, MM; Lamprecht, A; Neumann, D, 2011)	0.37
"A critical problem associated with poorly soluble drugs is low and variable bioavailability derived from slow dissolution and erratic absorption."	( Comminution of ibuprofen to produce nano-particles for rapid dissolution. de Matas, M; Plakkot, S; Saunders, M; Sulaiman, B; York, P, 2011)	0.72
" By inhibiting the metabolism of drugs, piperine improves the bioavailability of drugs."	( Influence of piperine on ibuprofen induced antinociception and its pharmacokinetics. Durga, KD; Mullangi, R; Padmavathi, Y; Reddy, BM; Venkatesh, S, 2011)	0.67
"This study assessed the relative bioavailability of two formulations of ibuprofen."	( Bioequivalence assessment of two formulations of ibuprofen. Akrawi, SH; Al-Talla, ZA; Emwas, AH; Sioud, SH; Tolley, LT; Zaater, MF, 2011)	0.86
" A small amount of carrier phospholipid significantly increases the rate and the extent of dissolution, which may increase the bioavailability of ibuprofen."	( Ibuprofen-phospholipid solid dispersions: improved dissolution and gastric tolerance. Brausch, JF; Hussain, MD; Saxena, V; Talukder, RM, 2012)	2.02
"Liposome encapsulation of P-I partially protected P-I from esterase-mediated hydrolysis in mice, enhanced the cytotoxicity and bioavailability of P-I and increased its efficacy at inhibiting the growth of human colon cancer xenografts."	( Phospho-ibuprofen (MDC-917) incorporated in nanocarriers: anti-cancer activity in vitro and in vivo. Alston, N; Aro, P; Constantinides, PP; Nie, T; Rigas, B; Wong, CC, 2012)	0.81
" These results indicate that this technology can be successfully applied to modulate the bioavailability of drugs for percutaneous administration, which could be particularly advantageous in the design of delivery systems that have, simultaneously, the ability to absorb exudates and to adhere to irregular skin surfaces."	( Bacterial cellulose membranes applied in topical and transdermal delivery of lidocaine hydrochloride and ibuprofen: in vitro diffusion studies. Almeida, IF; Costa, P; Freire, CS; Neto, CP; Pinto, PC; Rosado, C; Silvestre, AJ; Trovatti, E, 2012)	0.59
"Stabilization of amorphous state is a focal area for formulators to reap benefits related with solubility and consequently bioavailability of poorly soluble drugs."	( Moringa coagulant as a stabilizer for amorphous solids: Part I. Bhende, S; Jadhav, N, 2012)	0.38
"To develop a novel ibuprofen-loaded solid dispersion with enhanced bioavailability using cycloamylose, it was prepared using spray-drying techniques with cycloamylose at a weight ratio of 1:1."	( Development of novel ibuprofen-loaded solid dispersion with enhanced bioavailability using cycloamylose. Baek, HH; Choi, HG; Kim, DH; Kim, DW; Kim, YR; Kwon, SY; Rho, SJ; Yong, CS, 2012)	1.03
" However, few studies have assessed the bioavailability of pharmaceuticals to fish in natural waters."	( Bioavailability of pharmaceuticals in waters close to wastewater treatment plants: use of fish bile for exposure assessment. Brozinski, JM; Kronberg, L; Lahti, M; Oikari, A; Segner, H, 2012)	0.38
"Racemic ibuprofen suppository has lower bioavailability compared with ibuprofen syrup."	( Oral versus rectal ibuprofen in healthy volunteers. Ben-Zvi, Z; Berkovitch, M; Jossifoff, A; Kozer, E; Vilenchik, R, 2012)	1.14
"The limited bioavailability and rapid clearance of the anti-inflammatory drug Ibuprofen Sodium (IbS) necessitates repeated drug administration."	( Poly-(ethylene glycol) modified gelatin nanoparticles for sustained delivery of the anti-inflammatory drug Ibuprofen-Sodium: an in vitro and in vivo analysis. H, L; Koyakutty, M; M G, G; Menon, D; Nair, S; Narayanan, D, 2013)	0.83
"In order to improve the oral bioavailability of ibuprofen, ibuprofen-loaded cubic nanoparticles were prepared as a delivery system for aqueous formulations."	( Cubic phase nanoparticles for sustained release of ibuprofen: formulation, characterization, and enhanced bioavailability study. Chen, B; Dian, L; Guo, Z; Huang, X; Li, F; Li, G; Pan, X; Peng, X; Quan, G; Shi, X; Wang, Z; Wu, C; Yang, Z, 2013)	0.9
" Overall, our research provides an elegant opportunity for developing effective drug carriers with stable network toward enhancing and/or controlling bioavailability and extending shelf-life of drug molecules using GRAS excipients, food polysaccharides, that are inexpensive and non-toxic."	( Organized polysaccharide fibers as stable drug carriers. Campanella, OH; Gill, KL; Janaswamy, S; Pinal, R, 2013)	0.39
"The aim of this study was to compare the bioavailability of 2 ibuprofen sustained-release formulations after single and multiple doses."	( Pharmacokinetics and bioequivalence of two ibuprofen sustained-release formulations after single and multiple doses in healthy chinese male volunteers. Guo, HM; Li, G; Luo, LF; Tian, Y; Zhang, ZJ, 2013)	0.89
" Single-dose relative bioavailability were 97."	( Pharmacokinetics and bioequivalence of two ibuprofen sustained-release formulations after single and multiple doses in healthy chinese male volunteers. Guo, HM; Li, G; Luo, LF; Tian, Y; Zhang, ZJ, 2013)	0.65
"25% mannitol) showed higher Cmax and earlier tmax values than those of the commercial formula, where the relative bioavailability was calculated to be 160."	( Adoption of polymeric micelles to enhance the oral bioavailability of dexibuprofen: formulation, in-vitro evaluation and in-vivo pharmacokinetic study in healthy human volunteers. Abdelbary, G; Makhlouf, A, 2014)	0.63
"The purpose of the study was to evaluate the effect of adding peripheral vasodilators, tolazoline, or papaverine, to transdermal drug delivery vehicles with the goal of improving the tissue bioavailability of transdermally delivered ibuprofen."	( Vasomodulation influences on the transdermal delivery of Ibuprofen. Carter, SG; Riviere, JE; Varadi, G; Veves, A; Zhu, Z, 2013)	0.82
" Rise in oral bioavailability of PCT after pre-treatment by cyclosporine was lower than ibuprofen."	( Enhanced oral bioavailability of paclitaxel by concomitant use of absorption enhancers and P-glycoprotein inhibitors in rats. Ahmadi, F; Mohammadi-Samani, S; Montaseri, H; Sobhani, Z; Zarea, B, 2013)	0.61
" However, despite this tremendous potential, their bioavailability at the tumor microenvironment remains rather limited."	( Synthesis and characterization of micelles as carriers of non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAID) for application in breast cancer therapy. Correia, IJ; Costa, E; Gaspar, VM; Marques, JG; Paquete, CM, 2014)	0.4
" Such overestimations can lead to failure of in vivo prediction of drug bioavailability from supersaturated systems."	( An improved method for the characterization of supersaturation and precipitation of poorly soluble drugs using pulsatile microdialysis (PMD). Bellantone, RA; Khairuzzaman, A; Patel, PG; Shah, KB, 2014)	0.4
" Researchers have explored various strategies to expand microemulsion area and thereby reduce the surfactant content necessary, but how these strategies affect drug oral bioavailability has not been investigated in detail."	( Optimizing surfactant content to improve oral bioavailability of ibuprofen in microemulsions: just enough or more than enough? Hu, H; Song, W; Tuo, J; Xing, Q; You, X; Zeng, Y, 2014)	0.64
"Paracetamol and ibuprofen acutely hinder pleural fluid recycling by lowering the fluid absorption rate (higher remaining hydrothorax volume), while they increased total white cell counts."	( Paracetamol and ibuprofen block hydrothorax absorption in mice. Gourgoulianis, KI; Kalomenidis, I; Kouritas, VK; Magkouta, S; Psallidas, I; Zisis, C, 2015)	1.11
"One attractive approach to increase the aqueous solubility and thus the bioavailability of poorly soluble drugs is to formulate them in their amorphous state since amorphous compounds generally exhibit higher apparent solubilities than their crystalline counterparts."	( Stabilisation of amorphous ibuprofen in Upsalite, a mesoporous magnesium carbonate, as an approach to increasing the aqueous solubility of poorly soluble drugs. Forsgren, J; Strømme, M; Zhang, P, 2014)	0.7
"The relative bioavailability of phenylephrine was increased when co-administered with acetaminophen."	( Increased bioavailability of phenylephrine by co-administration of acetaminophen: results of four open-label, crossover pharmacokinetic trials in healthy volunteers. Anderson, BJ; Atkinson, HC; Potts, AL; Salem, II; Stanescu, I, 2015)	0.42
"The unique structure and protective mechanisms of the eye result in low bioavailability of ocular drugs."	( Fabrication and characterization of silk fibroin-coated liposomes for ocular drug delivery. Dong, P; Dong, Y; Huang, D; Li, G; Mei, L; Pan, X; Wang, Z; Wu, C; Xia, Y, 2015)	0.42
"An early prediction of solubility in physiological media (PBS, SGF and SIF) is useful to predict qualitatively bioavailability and absorption of lead candidates."	( Thermodynamic equilibrium solubility measurements in simulated fluids by 96-well plate method in early drug discovery. Bharate, SS; Vishwakarma, RA, 2015)	0.42
" The results indicated that these SNEDDS formulations could be used to improve the bioavailability of lipophilic drugs."	( Design and optimization of self-nanoemulsifying formulations for lipophilic drugs. Chen, B; Chen, J; Maniglio, D; Migliaresi, C; Motta, A; Zhao, T, 2015)	0.42
" By optimizing the mixed oil formulation, the absolute amount of surfactant in drug-loaded microemulsions was reduced but increased drug oral bioavailability in rats was maintained."	( Optimized mixed oils remarkably reduce the amount of surfactants in microemulsions without affecting oral bioavailability of ibuprofen by simultaneously enlarging microemulsion areas and enhancing drug solubility. Chen, Y; Hu, H; Huang, H; Liu, D; Mai, J; Song, J; Tuo, J; Wu, C; Xie, Y; You, X, 2015)	0.62
" An analysis of variance (ANOVA) model was used, and the 90% confidence intervals (CI) were calculated; further analyses were made regarding rate of absorption and variability."	( Ibuprofen lysinate, quicker and less variable: relative bioavailability compared to ibuprofen base in a pediatric suspension dosage form. Antonijoan, RM; Ballester, MR; Coimbra, J; Ferrero-Cafiero, JM; Font, X; Gich, I; Martínez, J; Mathison, Y; Puntes, M; Tarré, M, 2015)	1.86
"While S-ibuprofen shows a similar bioavailability for AUC0t, AUC0∞, and Cmax, R-ibuprofen shows suprabioavailability for the lysinate formulation."	( Ibuprofen lysinate, quicker and less variable: relative bioavailability compared to ibuprofen base in a pediatric suspension dosage form. Antonijoan, RM; Ballester, MR; Coimbra, J; Ferrero-Cafiero, JM; Font, X; Gich, I; Martínez, J; Mathison, Y; Puntes, M; Tarré, M, 2015)	2.29
" The influence of excipients on solubility and, hence, oral bioavailability was confirmed for ibuprofen, a second BCS class II compound."	( Evaluation of changes in oral drug absorption in preterm and term neonates for Biopharmaceutics Classification System (BCS) class I and II compounds. Coboeken, K; Ince, I; Meyer, M; Schmidt, S; Schnizler, K; Somani, AA; Thelen, K; Trame, MN; Willmann, S; Zheng, S, 2016)	0.65
" The study also assessed the relative bioavailability of the same doses of the active ingredients when they were administered as an oral formulation."	( Pharmacokinetics and Bioavailability of a Fixed-Dose Combination of Ibuprofen and Paracetamol after Intravenous and Oral Administration. Atkinson, HC; Beasley, CP; Frampton, C; Robson, R; Salem, II; Stanescu, I, 2015)	0.65
" The relative bioavailability of paracetamol (93."	( Pharmacokinetics and Bioavailability of a Fixed-Dose Combination of Ibuprofen and Paracetamol after Intravenous and Oral Administration. Atkinson, HC; Beasley, CP; Frampton, C; Robson, R; Salem, II; Stanescu, I, 2015)	0.65
"4 h and oral bioavailability of (F) 56."	( Design, synthesis and pharmacological evaluation of pyrimidobenzothiazole-3-carboxylate derivatives as selective L-type calcium channel blockers. Bansode, R; Bhargavi, G; Chikhale, R; Jadhav, A; Karodia, N; Khedekar, P; Pant, A; Paradkar, A; Rajasekharan, MV; Thatipamula, KC; Thorat, S, 2015)	0.42
" Such features are considered of great interest to tailor the bioavailability of drugs with low water solubility."	( Hybrid aerogel preparations as drug delivery matrices for low water-solubility drugs. Domingo, C; Lázár, I; López-Periago, AM; Saurina, J; Veres, P, 2015)	0.42
"The low bioavailability and consequently the poor therapeutic response of traditional ophthalmic formulations is caused by reduced pre-corneal residence time of the formulation in contact with the ocular surface."	( New Thermoresponsive Eyedrop Formulation Containing Ibuprofen Loaded-Nanostructured Lipid Carriers (NLC): Development, Characterization and Biocompatibility Studies. Almeida, H; Amaral, MH; Fonseca, J; Frigerio, C; Lobão, P; Lobo, JM; Palmeira-de-Oliveira, A; Silva, R, 2016)	0.68
" The oral bioavailability was compared between these formulations in vagally suppressed rats (gastric dysfunction) and a control group."	( Disease specific modeling: Simulation of the pharmacokinetics of meloxicam and ibuprofen in disease state vs. healthy conditions. Aghazadeh-Habashi, A; Almukainzi, M; Jamali, F; Löbenberg, R, 2016)	0.66
" However, it has major drawbacks of very poor bioavailability and solubility."	( An appraisal on recent medicinal perspective of curcumin degradant: Dehydrozingerone (DZG). Hampannavar, GA; Karpoormath, R; Palkar, MB; Shaikh, MS, 2016)	0.43
" The selected API was ibuprofen sodium dihydrate, a salt of ibuprofen with improved bioavailability and poor intrinsic compactibility."	( Improving the granule strength of roller-compacted ibuprofen sodium for hot-melt coating processing. Becker, K; Garsuch, V; Lopes, DG; Paudel, A; Salar-Behzadi, S; Stehr, M; Zimmer, A, 2016)	1
" The relative bioavailability of IBU-PC was 94."	( Evaluation of a Non-aqueous Ibuprofen-Phospholipid Complex Formulation in Rats. Ding, L; Lee, RJ; Li, C; Liu, Z; Xu, S; Zhao, X, )	0.43
"Nanostructured lipid carrier (NLC) dispersions present low viscosity and poor mucoadhesive properties, which reduce the pre-corneal residence time and consequently, the bioavailability of ocular drugs."	( Preparation, characterization and biocompatibility studies of thermoresponsive eyedrops based on the combination of nanostructured lipid carriers (NLC) and the polymer Pluronic F-127 for controlled delivery of ibuprofen. Almeida, H; Amaral, MH; Fonseca, J; Frigerio, C; Lobão, P; Silva, R; Sousa Lobo, JM, 2017)	0.64
"The strategy proposed in this work can be successfully used to increase the bioavailability and the therapeutic efficacy of conventional eyedrops."	( Preparation, characterization and biocompatibility studies of thermoresponsive eyedrops based on the combination of nanostructured lipid carriers (NLC) and the polymer Pluronic F-127 for controlled delivery of ibuprofen. Almeida, H; Amaral, MH; Fonseca, J; Frigerio, C; Lobão, P; Silva, R; Sousa Lobo, JM, 2017)	0.64
"The first aim of the present study was to evaluate the bioavailability of ibuprofen dispersed in a novel soft chewable formulation compared with a traditional ibuprofen tablet; its second was to map the quality of taste masking and patient product satisfaction."	( The Relative Bioavailability of Ibuprofen After Administration With a Novel Soft Chewable Drug Formulation. Dille, MJ; Draget, KI; Ege, T; Hattrem, MN; Seternes, T, 2018)	1
" These results suggest that SEDDS of Ibuprofen can be a useful tool to increase the bioavailability and an alternative to enhance the bioavailability of poorly soluble drugs."	( Self-emulsifying drug delivery system (SEDDS) of Ibuprofen: formulation, in vitro and in vivo evaluation. Damineni, S; Penjuri, SCB; Poreddy, SR; Ravouru, N, )	0.66
"To improve the bioavailability of ibuprofen (IBU), we developed a novel binary complex of poly(PEGMA-co-MAA) hydrogel and IBU-loaded PLGA nanoparticles (IBU-PLGA NPs@hydrogels) as an oral intestinal targeting drug delivery system (OIDDS)."	( The binary complex of poly(PEGMA-co-MAA) hydrogel and PLGA nanoparticles as a novel oral drug delivery system for ibuprofen delivery. Feng, J; Huang, S; Shang, Q; Yang, S; Zhang, A, 2017)	0.94
" In comparison with negative control (no PE was added), the relative bioavailability values with the addition of Chuanxiong oil, Angelica oil, Cinnamon oil and Azone as PE were determined to be 161."	( [Evaluation of pharmacokinetics and in vitro/in vivo correlation of ibuprofen with essential oils as penetration enhancer following transdermal administration]. Chen, J; Duan, JA; Jiang, QD; Liu, P; Wu, YM; Zhang, H, 2016)	0.67
" However, most NSAIDs are insoluble in water leading them to have poor bioavailability and erratic absorption."	( Solid lipid nanoparticles for the controlled delivery of poorly water soluble non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs. Garg, N; Kumar, R; Singh, A; Siril, PF, 2018)	0.48
"The objective of this study was to develop an ocular drug delivery system built on the cationic liposomes, a novel bioadhesive colloidal system, which could enhance the precorneal residence time, ocular permeation, and bioavailability of ibuprofen."	( In vitro and In vivo Studies on a Novel Bioadhesive Colloidal System: Cationic Liposomes of Ibuprofen. Cheng, L; Gai, X; Li, T; Liu, D; Pan, W; Wang, T; Wang, Y; Yang, X, 2018)	0.88
" This leads to poor bioavailability at high doses after oral administration, thereby increasing the risk of unwanted adverse effects."	( Formulation and delivery strategies of ibuprofen: challenges and opportunities. Afrose, A; Irvine, J; Islam, N, 2018)	0.75
" Anesthesia and surgery delay gastrointestinal tract function and this may therefore decrease bioavailability of drugs taken by mouth."	( Absorption of ibuprofen orodispersible tablets in early postoperative phase - a pharmacokinetic study. Kokki, H; Kokki, M; Lehtonen, M; Lidsle, HM; Piirainen, A; Ranta, VP, 2018)	0.84
"The bioavailability of poorly-water-soluble active pharmaceutical ingredients (APIs) can be significantly improved by so-called amorphous solid dispersions (ASDs)."	( Investigating phase separation in amorphous solid dispersions via Raman mapping. Klanke, C; Luebbert, C; Sadowski, G, 2018)	0.48
" aureus, (iii) larger oral absorption and bioavailability (2."	( Optimising the in vitro and in vivo performance of oral cocrystal formulations via spray coating. Bolas-Fernandez, F; Dea-Ayuela, MA; Galiana, C; Healy, AM; Mugheirbi, NA; O'Connell, P; Serrano, DR; Walsh, D; Worku, ZA, 2018)	0.48
" Transdermal bioavailability of IBU in the IBU-NP group improved significantly compared with oral and transdermal raw IBU."	( Improving the skin penetration and antifebrile activity of ibuprofen by preparing nanoparticles using emulsion solvent evaporation method. Deng, Y; Wang, L; Wu, M; Wu, W; Yang, F; Zhao, X; Zu, C, 2018)	0.72
"The clinical use of poorly water-soluble drugs has become a big challenge in pharmaceutical development due to the compromised bioavailability of the drugs in vivo."	( Release kinetics and cell viability of ibuprofen nanocrystals produced by melt-emulsification. Cabral, C; Dias-Ferreira, J; Fernandes, AR; Garcia, ML; Souto, EB, 2018)	0.75
" The success of this novel formulation provides a promising approach for achieving improved apparent solubility and enhanced bioavailability of drugs."	( Amorphous magnesium carbonate nanoparticles with strong stabilizing capability for amorphous ibuprofen. Alvebratt, C; Bergström, CAS; Lu, X; Strømme, M; Welch, K; Yang, J, 2018)	0.7
" This provides proof-of-concept for the idea of targeting poorly bioavailable drugs towards PepT1 transport as a general means of improving oral permeability."	( Thiodipeptides targeting the intestinal oligopeptide transporter as a general approach to improving oral drug delivery. Bailey, PD; Foley, DW; Meredith, D; Pathak, RB; Phillips, TR; Pieri, M; Senan, A; Wilson, GL, 2018)	0.48
"Drug amorphisation by loading to inorganic mesoporous carriers represents an emerging area of improving the dissolution rate and bioavailability of poorly water-soluble active pharmaceutical ingredients (APIs)."	( Molecular-level insight into hot-melt loading and drug release from mesoporous silica carriers. Beránek, J; Kazarian, SG; Lizoňová, D; Mužík, J; Šoltys, M; Štěpánek, F, 2018)	0.48
" The dissolution behavior of these nanoparticles is improved because of the high specific surface area and the amorphous state, leading to an enhanced bioavailability of the drug molecules."	( Formation of long-term stable amorphous ibuprofen nanoparticles via antisolvent melt precipitation (AMP). Finke, JH; Kwade, A; Melzig, S; Schilde, C, 2018)	0.75
"Dexibuprofen is an enantiomer of ibuprofen with low bioavailability which results from its hydrophobic nature."	( Fabrication and characterization of dexibuprofen nanocrystals using microchannel fluidic rector. Bashir, S; Isreb, M; Khan, J; Khan, MA; Mohammad, MA, 2018)	1.37
" This study investigated the in vivo pharmacokinetics (PK) of super-SLH containing ibuprofen (IBU), as a model Biopharmaceutics Classification Scheme (BCS) class II drug, analyzing the influence of supersaturated drug loading on oral bioavailability and assessing in vitro-in vivo correlation (IVIVC)."	( Supersaturated Silica-Lipid Hybrid Oral Drug Delivery Systems: Balancing Drug Loading and In Vivo Performance. Kovalainen, M; Peressin, KF; Prestidge, CA; Schultz, HB; Thomas, N, 2019)	0.74
"It is expected that drug systems using nanoparticles will improve the problem of poor water solubility and bioavailability of lipophilic drugs."	( [Effect of Methylcellulose (Cellulose Derivatives) on Ibuprofen-crushing Efficiency in Nano Pulverizer NP-100]. Nagai, N; Nakamura, T; Okamoto, N; Otake, H; Yamasaki, Y, 2019)	0.76
"The ATP-binding cassette transporter P-glycoprotein (P-gp) is known to limit both brain penetration and oral bioavailability of many chemotherapy drugs."	( A High-Throughput Screen of a Library of Therapeutics Identifies Cytotoxic Substrates of P-glycoprotein. Ambudkar, SV; Brimacombe, KR; Chen, L; Gottesman, MM; Guha, R; Hall, MD; Klumpp-Thomas, C; Lee, OW; Lee, TD; Lusvarghi, S; Robey, RW; Shen, M; Tebase, BG, 2019)	0.51
" The choice of excipients depends on the concentration, manufacturability, stability, and bioavailability of the active pharmaceutical ingredients (APIs)."	( On-Demand Manufacturing of Direct Compressible Tablets: Can Formulation Be Simplified? Azad, MA; Brancazio, D; Eccles, ME; Grela, E; Hammersmith, G; Klee, DM; Myerson, AS; Osorio, JG; Rapp, K; Sloan, R; Wang, A, 2019)	0.51
" Because 5-ASA is well absorbed in the small intestine, very high dose of 5-ASA is required to deliver it to the large intestine which is a target site."	( Transport characteristics of 5-aminosalicylic acid into colonic epithelium: Involvement of sodium-coupled monocarboxylate transporter SMCT1-mediated transport system. Fujita, T; Kono, Y; Yuri, T, 2020)	0.56
" In the third study, the bioavailability of ibuprofen and acetaminophen from a single oral dose of the FDC was assessed in healthy adolescents aged 12-17 years, inclusive."	( Phase I Pharmacokinetic Study of Fixed-Dose Combinations of Ibuprofen and Acetaminophen in Healthy Adult and Adolescent Populations. Cruz-Rivera, M; Kellstein, DE; Kelsh, D; Leyva, R; Matschke, K; Meeves, S; Song, D; Tarabar, S; Vince, B, 2020)	1.06
" However, these vehicles not only affect drug bioavailability but may also have an impact on gastric emptying, drug disposition, lymphatic absorption and be affected by lipid digestion mechanisms."	( Using the Absorption Cocktail Approach to Assess Differential Absorption Kinetics of Cannabidiol Administered in Lipid-Based Vehicles in Rats. Domb, AJ; Hoffman, A; Izgelov, D; Regev, A, 2020)	0.56
"Amorphous solid dispersion (ASD) is a formulation strategy extensively used to enhance the bioavailability of poorly water soluble drugs."	( The design and development of high drug loading amorphous solid dispersion for hot-melt extrusion platform. Andrews, GP; Jacobs, E; Jones, DS; McCoy, CP; Tian, Y; Wu, H, 2020)	0.56
"In this paper, we explore the strategy increasingly used to improve the bioavailability of poorly water-soluble crystalline drugs by formulating their amorphous solid dispersions."	( Molecular Dynamics and Physical Stability of Ibuprofen in Binary Mixtures with an Acetylated Derivative of Maltose. Antosik-Rogóż, A; Chmiel, K; Grzybowska, K; Grzybowski, A; Jachowicz, R; Knapik-Kowalczuk, J; Kowalska-Szojda, K; Lodowski, P; Paluch, M; Szafraniec-Szczęsny, J; Woyna-Orlewicz, K, 2020)	0.82
" Therefore, the development of an inhalable formulation with high bioavailability in the lungs was the leitmotiv of our investigation."	( Ibuprofen, a traditional drug that may impact the course of COVID-19 new effective formulation in nebulizable solution. Alasino, RV; Beltramo, DM; García, NH; Muñoz, SE; Porta, DJ, 2020)	2
"The aim of this study was to improve the oral bioavailability and anti-inflammatory activity of the poorly soluble drug ibuprofen (IBU) by employing a new kind of poly(ethyleneimine)s (PEIs)-based mesocellular siliceous foam (MSF) called B-BMSF@PEI as drug carrier."	( Biomimetic Synthesis and Evaluation of Interconnected Bimodal Mesostructured MSF@Poly(Ethyleneimine)s for Improved Drug Loading and Oral Adsorption of the Poorly Water-Soluble Drug, Ibuprofen. Gou, K; Guo, X; Li, H; Li, J; Li, S; Wang, Y; Xin, W; Zhao, L, 2020)	0.96
" Notably, IBU exhibited very satisfactory relative bioavailability (681."	( Biomimetic Synthesis and Evaluation of Interconnected Bimodal Mesostructured MSF@Poly(Ethyleneimine)s for Improved Drug Loading and Oral Adsorption of the Poorly Water-Soluble Drug, Ibuprofen. Gou, K; Guo, X; Li, H; Li, J; Li, S; Wang, Y; Xin, W; Zhao, L, 2020)	0.75
" However, the bioavailability of IBP to the brain is poor, which can be linked to its extensive binding to plasma proteins in the blood."	( Physical stability and in vivo brain delivery of polymeric ibuprofen nanoparticles fabricated by flash nanoprecipitation. Chan, HW; Chau, LY; Chow, AHL; Chow, SF; Weng, J; Wong, KW; Zhang, X, 2021)	0.86
" To enhance solubility and bioavailability of DEXI, DEXI-loaded solid dispersion (SD) was formulated."	( Formulation of solid dispersion to improve dissolution and oral bioavailability of poorly soluble dexibuprofen. Park, JS; Tran, P, 2021)	0.84
" Since the bioavailability of a drug product plays a critical role in the design of oral administration dosage, this study investigated the enzymatic esterification of ibuprofen as a strategy for hydrophilization."	( Biocatalytic Approach for Direct Esterification of Ibuprofen with Sorbitol in Biphasic Media. Costa, S; Rodriguez, MEM; Semeraro, B; Summa, D; Tamburini, E; Zappaterra, F, 2021)	1.07
" Bioavailability of the different formulations relative to the marketed suspension was found to be in the following sequence: nanosuspension > unhomogenized suspension > nanoparticles > untreated IBU suspension."	( In vitro and in vivo Evaluation of Ibuprofen Nanosuspensions for Enhanced Oral Bioavailability. Bandarkar, F; Hedaya, M; Nada, A, 2021)	0.9
"The purpose of this study was to use hydroxypropyl-β-cyclodextrin (HP-β-CD) as a novel carrier in solid SNEDDS and solid dispersions to enhance the solubility and oral bioavailability of poorly water-soluble dexibuprofen."	( New potential application of hydroxypropyl-β-cyclodextrin in solid self-nanoemulsifying drug delivery system and solid dispersion. Cheon, S; Choi, HG; Choi, YJ; Im, D; Ji, SH; Jin, SG; Kim, JO; Kim, JS; Lim, SJ; Oh, KT; Ud Din, F; Woo, MR; Youn, YS, 2021)	0.81
" However, higher bioavailability would increase the danger of renal injury caused by oxidative stress."	( Mechanochemical prepared ibuprofen- Gu, X; Jin, K; Mao, L; Pu, F; Su, W; Xie, Z; Xu, W; Yang, J, 2022)	1.02
" This poor water solubility greatly limits the bioavailability of ibuprofen."	( Xylitol as a Hydrophilization Moiety for a Biocatalytically Synthesized Ibuprofen Prodrug. Costa, S; Cristofori, V; Lampronti, I; Summa, D; Tamburini, E; Trapella, C; Tupini, C; Zappaterra, F, 2022)	1.19
" Although loxoprofen exhibits strong anti-inflammatory and analgesic activities with relatively low ulcerogenicity, its relatively low bioavailability makes it not an ideal drug candidate for intravenous injection."	( HR1405-01, a Safe intravenous NSAID with superior anti-inflammatory and analgesic activities in preclinical trials. Chen, X; Ding, B; Lv, T; Mao, D; Min, T; Ye, H; Zhang, C, 2022)	0.72
" Bioavailability and absorption half-life were 86% and 12 min for acetaminophen and 94% and 27 min for ibuprofen."	( Population Pharmacokinetic Modelling of Acetaminophen and Ibuprofen: the Influence of Body Composition, Formulation and Feeding in Healthy Adult Volunteers. Anderson, BJ; Atkinson, HC; Morse, JD; Stanescu, I, 2022)	1.18
" To evaluate THEDES anti-CRC therapeutic potential, their physico-chemical properties, bioavailability and bioactivity, were explored."	( Selective terpene based therapeutic deep eutectic systems against colorectal cancer. Duarte, ARC; Miguel Castro, M; Oliveira, F; Paiva, A; Pereira, J; Rita Jesus, A; Santos, F, 2022)	0.72
" Correlation analysis further revealed the strong associations of PPCP concentrations in mollusks with those in water and sediment, suggesting the importance of controlling dissolved and sedimentary bioavailability of PPCPs for ecological risk management in this freshwater lake ecosystems."	( Pharmaceuticals and personal care products (PPCPs) in water, sediment and freshwater mollusks of the Dongting Lake downstream the Three Gorges Dam. Ni, J; Pan, B; Xu, N; Xu, X; Xu, Y, 2022)	0.72
"Promising active pharmaceutical ingredients (APIs) often exhibit poor aqueous solubility and thus a low bioavailability that substantially limits their pharmaceutical application."	( Amorphization and modified release of ibuprofen by post-synthetic and solvent-free loading into tailored silica aerogels. Finke, JH; Garnweitner, G; Maurer, V; Oldhues, VM; Pierick, J; Porsiel, JC; Zarinwall, A, 2022)	0.99
" Poor solubility is often associated with poor dissolution behavior and, subsequently, poor bioavailability for those drugs when intestinal absorption is dissolution rate limited."	( Ibuprofen Loaded Electrospun Polymeric Nanofibers: A Strategy to Improve Oral Absorption. Alruwaili, NK; Panda, DS; Pattnaik, S; Swain, K, 2022)	2.16
"Poor water dissolution of active pharmaceutical ingredients (API) limits the rate of absorption from the gastrointestinal tract."	( Dissolution of a Biopharmaceutics Classification System Class II Free Acid from Immediate Release Tablets Containing a Microenvironmental pH Modulator: Comparison of a Biorelevant Bicarbonate Buffering System with Phosphate Buffers. Garbacz, G; Haznar-Garbacz, D; Hoc, D; Lachman, M; Romański, M; Słomińska, D, 2022)	0.72
" However, the low oral bioavailability (below 1%) of berberine due to its poor solubility and membrane permeability limits its clinical use."	( A co-crystal berberine-ibuprofen improves obesity by inhibiting the protein kinases TBK1 and IKKɛ. Liu, X; Lu, Y; Qiu, S; Wang, M; Xu, R; Yan, M; Zhang, L; Zhang, P; Zhu, J, 2022)	1.03
" The fixed dose combination of ibuprofen and paracetamol significantly increases the rate of absorption of paracetamol, which has potential therapeutic benefits in terms of a faster analgesias onset."	( [Clinical and pharmacological approaches to the choice of a drug for a tension-type headache relief]. Khaytovich, ED; Perkov, AV; Shikh, EV, 2021)	0.91
" Oral-dosed ATV041 resulted in favorable bioavailability and rapid tissue distribution of GS-441524 and ibuprofen."	( Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) and nucleotide analog GS-441524 conjugates with potent in vivo efficacy against coronaviruses. Chen, Q; Cong, F; Li, Y; Luo, Y; Qiu, J; Zhang, X; Zhou, Q; Zhu, Y, 2023)	1.12
" Subsequently, Nano-DDS in the l-configuration (including IBU/l-TA-PEI@CMSN and NMS/d-TA-PEI@CMSN owing to a chiral inversion) showed higher oral delivery efficiency of NMS and IBU evidenced by the larger relative bioavailability (1055."	( Chiral Nanosilica Drug Delivery Systems Stereoselectively Interacted with the Intestinal Mucosa to Improve the Oral Adsorption of Insoluble Drugs. Bao, Z; Chen, X; Cheng, Y; Hao, X; Li, H; Li, X; Luo, Q; Pan, Q; Wu, L; Yang, M, 2023)	0.91
" An exploratory, single-dose, crossover bioavailability study in six beagles was performed."	( Usefulness of the Beagle Model in the Evaluation of Paracetamol and Ibuprofen Exposure after Oral Administration to Pediatric Populations: An Exploratory Study. Fotaki, N; Holm, R; Reppas, C; Statelova, M; Vertzoni, M, 2023)	1.15
" However, their bioavailability is low and therefore, PLGA nanoparticles constitute a suitable approach to be administered as eyedrops."	( Novel customized age-dependent corneal membranes and interactions with biodegradable nanoparticles loaded with dexibuprofen. Camins, A; Esteruelas, G; Ettcheto, M; López, MLG; Muñoz-Juncosa, M; Ortiz, A; Prat, J; Pujol, M; Sánchez-López, E; Vega, E, 2023)	1.12

Dosage Studied

The liquid suppository system with P 188 and menthol will be expected to enhance the rectal bioavailability of ibuprofen. There was a significant response to 1600 mg daily of ib uprofen by all three clinical measurements. Increasing the daily dosage to 2400 mg produced no overall increase in response.

Excerpt	Relevance	Reference
" Providing that a sufficient dosage is given (1 600 mg - 2 400 mg per day), an obvious and fast favourable effect is noticed in 75% cases."	( [Ibuprofen in osteo-articular (author's transl)]. Deletang, M; Juvin, P; Le Corre, F; Maigne, R, )	1.04
" Time-effect and dose-response curves were generated from the relief and change in pain-intensity scores."	( Comparative analgesic potency of aspirin and ibuprofen. Cooper, SA; Kruger, GO; Needle, SE, 1977)	0.52
" Side-effects, notably nausea, epigastric discomfort and abdominal pain, were more frequent and severe with ketoprofen, leading to the withdrawal of 2 patients in the early stage of the trial, and were probably related to the high dosage used."	( A comparative trial of ketoprofen and ibuprofen in patients with rheumatic disease. Saxena, RP; Saxena, U, 1978)	0.53
" The intended dosage was 2 tablets every 4 hours as necessary for relief of menstrual pain."	( Ibuprofen therapy for dysmenorrhea. Bolognese, RJ; Corson, SL, 1978)	1.7
" Two dosage regimes were tested."	( The aspirin-ibuprofen interaction in rheumatoid arthritis. Ashworth, ME; Ferry, DG; Grennan, DM; Kenny, RE; Mackinnon, M, 1979)	0.64
" The degree of gastric or intestinal irritation seen with dosing of other drugs was as follows; indomethacin greater than diclofenac Na greater than ibuprofen greater than aspirin greater than phenylbutazone or indomethacin greater than CH-800 = diclofenac Na greater than ibuprofen greater than phenylbutazone, respectively."	( [Irritative activity of a new anti-inflammatory agent 4-(p-chorophenyl)-2-phenyl-5-thiazoleacetic acid (CH-800) on the gastrointestinal tract in rats (author's transl)]. Ohtsuki, H; Okabe, S; Tabata, K, 1979)	0.46
" The pyrogram enables the identification of the drug to be achieved as the pure compound, in a formulated dosage form or excreted in urine."	( The identification of ibuprofen and analogues in urine by pyrolysis gas chromatography mass spectrometry. Irwin, WJ; Slack, JA, 1978)	0.57
" Ibuprofen showed suppression in most tissues three hours after dosing with a return to control values by twenty-four hours."	( In vivo suppression of prostaglandin biosynthesis by non-steroidal anti-inflammatory agents. Fitzpatrick, FA; Wynalda, MA, 1976)	1.17
" The dosage causing a 50% inhibition culture growth (ID50) and minimum concentration, caused by the detachment of the cell from the vessel wall, were determined."	( [Effects of drugs on cell culture (II)]. Kameyama, T; Mukaide, A, 1975)	0.25
" To determine how this agent interferes with urine organic acid analysis, an important pediatric investigation, we have analyzed urine from two subjects pre- and post-Ibuprofen dosage and two subjects on chronic Ibuprofen therapy."	( Identification of urinary metabolites of (+/-)-2-(p-isobutylphenyl)propionic acid (Ibuprofen) by routine organic acid screening. Bennett, MJ; Bhala, A; Hale, DE; Sherwood, WG, 1992)	0.7
" Results indicated that dosing with ibuprofen either immediately before or immediately after periodontal surgery significantly delays onset of pain as compared to placebo, with dosing after surgery demonstrating a significantly greater delay of onset of pain as compared to dosing presurgically."	( Comparison of presurgical and immediate postsurgical ibuprofen on postoperative periodontal pain. Desjardins, PJ; Major, KV; Vogel, RI, 1992)	0.81
" The elimination half-lives of R- and S-ibuprofen were comparable for the single and chronic dosing studies."	( Variability in the disposition of ibuprofen enantiomers in osteoarthritis patients. Bradley, JD; Hall, SD; Kalasinski, LA; Rudy, AC; Ryan, SI; Xiaotao, Q, 1992)	0.83
"Daily administration of acetyl salicylic acid (ASA) and ibuprofen leads to an appreciable retardation in the process of retinal degeneration in the RCS rat which is dependent on the dosage given."	( [The effect of cyclooxygenase inhibitors on the course of hereditary retinal dystrophy in RCS rats]. el-Hifnawi, ES; Haug, H; Kühnel, W; Laqua, H; Orün, C, 1992)	0.53
" Further pharmacokinetic-pharmacodynamic studies with use of individual ibuprofen stereoisomers and other dosing regimens are indicated."	( Pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of ibuprofen isomers and acetaminophen in febrile children. Cox, S; Edge, JH; Kelley, MT; Mortensen, ME; Walson, PD, 1992)	0.78
" This trial design (crossover with multiple dosing in outpatients) is a sensitive way of testing for analgesia, and is potentially more predictive of adverse effect problems than single-dose studies."	( A multiple dose comparison of combinations of ibuprofen and codeine and paracetamol, codeine and caffeine after third molar surgery. Carroll, D; Guest, P; Juniper, RP; McQuay, HJ; Moore, RA, 1992)	0.54
" The employment of a special diet favourably influenced the course of the disease and enabled the dosage of antirheumatic drugs to be reduced, thereby reducing the frequency of side-effects of the drugs."	( On the medicinal efficacy of dietetic therapy in patients with rheumatoid arthritis. Denissov, LN; Samsonov, MA; Sharafetdinov, Kh, 1992)	0.28
" The slope of the dose-response curve of bromfenac was significant."	( Analgesic efficacy of bromfenac, ibuprofen, and aspirin in postoperative oral surgery pain. Beaver, WT; Edquist, IA; Forbes, JA; Gongloff, CM; Jones, KF; Schwartz, MK; Smith, FG; Smith, WK, 1992)	0.56
" These results suggest that the dry syrup containing LM gelatin improves some of the pharmaceutical properties of ibuprofen, and that the LM gelatin may be used in a variety of oral dosage forms."	( Pharmaceutical evaluation of ibuprofen fast-absorbed syrup containing low-molecular-weight gelatin. Imai, T; Kimura, S; Otagiri, M; Ueno, M, 1992)	0.79
" A skin biopsy was taken at 24 h after each dosing with UVB."	( Synergistic effects of oral nonsteroidal drugs and topical corticosteroids in the therapy of sunburn in humans. Bohan, DF; Caruana, C; Francom, SF; Holland, M; Hughes, GS; Means, LK, 1992)	0.28
"Bioavailability of ibuprofen (15 mgkg-1) from oral and suppository dosage forms was investigated."	( Bioavailability of ibuprofen from oral and suppository preparations in rats. Kaka, JS; Tekle, A, 1992)	0.94
" The wax microparticles could be formulated into an aqueous sustained-release oral suspension dosage form."	( Process and formulation variables in the preparation of wax microparticles by a melt dispersion technique. I. Oil-in-water technique for water-insoluble drugs. Bhagwatwar, H; Bodmeier, R; Wang, J, )	0.13
" They showed intolerance to Indo at a dosage of 14 micrograms/ml, which was well tolerated by other mouse strains in previous studies, but tolerated the Ibu dosages used."	( Immunotherapy of mammary adenocarcinoma metastases in C3H/HeN mice with chronic administration of cyclo-oxygenase inhibitors alone or in combination with IL-2. Chan, FP; Khoo, NK; Lala, PK; Saarloos, MN, 1992)	0.28
" These data show that NSAIDs can affect the disposition of methotrexate, possibly increasing the potential for toxicity and necessitating dosage adjustments."	( The effects of a salicylate, ibuprofen, and naproxen on the disposition of methotrexate in patients with rheumatoid arthritis. Bradley, JD; Brater, DC; Hall, SD; Jones, DR; Krohn, K; Tracy, TS, 1992)	0.57
" Six children were withdrawn from the study, two because of dosing errors, three because of hypothermia (temperature of less than 35."	( Comparison of multidose ibuprofen and acetaminophen therapy in febrile children. Braden, NJ; Chomilo, F; Galletta, G; Sawyer, LA; Scheinbaum, ML; Walson, PD, 1992)	0.59
"The influences of absorption rate and dosage size on the pharmacokinetics of ibuprofen (IB) enantiomers were studied in six healthy subjects."	( Human pharmacokinetics of ibuprofen enantiomers following different doses and formulations: intestinal chiral inversion. Jamali, F; Koo, J; Mehvar, R; Russell, AS; Sattari, S; Yakimets, WW, 1992)	0.81
" Two granular dosage forms were evaluated, 200 and 400 mg, in comparison with the commercial equivalents (tablets)."	( Activity and pharmacokinetics of a new oral dosage form of soluble ibuprofen. Ceppi Monti, N; Gazzaniga, A; Gianesello, V; Lodola, E; Stroppolo, F, 1992)	0.52
" This effect appears to be mediated by prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) because 1) ibuprofen blocks the inhibitory effect of IL-1 on IMCD Na(+)-K(+)-ATPase activity, 2) IL-1 and PGE2 cause equivalent and nonadditive inhibition of 86Rb+ uptake, 3) IL-1 causes a two- to threefold increase in PGE2 content in IMCD cells, and 4) dose-response curves were similar for IL-1 stimulation of PGE2 content and inhibition of 86Rb+ uptake in IMCD cells."	( Interleukin-1 inhibition of Na(+)-K(+)-ATPase in inner medullary collecting duct cells: role of PGE2. Brady, HR; Kohan, DE; Zeidel, ML, 1991)	0.51
"Using stable isotope methodology, we studied the effect of the enantiomeric composition of dosage form on ibuprofen metabolism."	( Stereoselective metabolism of ibuprofen in humans: administration of R-, S- and racemic ibuprofen. Brater, DC; Hall, SD; Knight, PM; Rudy, AC, 1991)	0.78
" For preliminary dose-response studies, antibiotic sensitivity blank disks loaded with 10 microliters of flurbiprofen 250 micrograms, 50 micrograms and 5 micrograms, or ibuprofen 500 micrograms, 50 micrograms and 5 micrograms were placed on the seeded agar plates."	( Antimicrobial activity of flurbiprofen and ibuprofen in vitro against six common periodontal pathogens. Fleury, AA; Hammond, BF; Hersh, EV, 1991)	0.74
" The 5-lipoxygenase inhibitor diethylcarbamazine and the LTD4/LTE4 receptor antagonist LY 171883 markedly reduced mortality in dose-response fashion."	( Effects of some nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory agents on experimental radiation pneumonitis. Gross, NJ; Holloway, NO; Narine, KR, 1991)	0.28
" The four NSAID diclofenac, acemetacin, ibuprofen, and mefenamic acid administered to healthy volunteers at the recommended dosage led to significant suppression of thromboxane synthesis; this effect was more pronounced with acemetacin and ibuprofen than with diclofenac."	( [Inhibition of thrombocyte function by non-steroidal anti-rheumatic agents: a comparative study between diclofenac, acemetacin, mefenamic acid and ibuprofen]. Raineri-Gerber, I; von Felten, A, 1991)	0.75
"Ibuprofen was evaluated as an antipyretic agent in 178 children (aged 3 months to 12 years) to compare dosage (5 vs 10 mg/kg), establish absolute efficacy (with a placebo control group), determine relative efficacy (ibuprofen vs acetaminophen), evaluate maximum efficacy, and identify potential confounding variables."	( Single-dose, placebo-controlled comparative study of ibuprofen and acetaminophen antipyresis in children. Bertrand, KM; Brown, RD; Eichler, VF; Johnson, VA; Kearns, GL; Lowe, BA; Wilson, JT, 1991)	1.97
"Rapidly absorbed oral dosage forms of ibuprofen using water-soluble gelatin (hydrolysate of common gelatin: mean mol."	( Rapidly absorbed solid oral formulations of ibuprofen using water-soluble gelatin. Iijima, T; Imai, T; Kimura, S; Miyoshi, T; Otagiri, M; Ueno, M, 1990)	0.81
" All active treatments were significantly superior to placebo, and the slope of the dose-response curve for bromfenac was significant."	( Evaluation of bromfenac, aspirin, and ibuprofen in postoperative oral surgery pain. Beaver, WT; Edquist, IA; Forbes, JA; Schwartz, MK; Smith, FG, 1991)	0.55
" Thus ibuprofen administration has no significant toxic effects, but Cmax will need to be monitored for effective dosing in patients with CF."	( Ibuprofen in children with cystic fibrosis: pharmacokinetics and adverse effects. Chai, BL; Davis, PB; Hoppel, CL; Konstan, MW, 1991)	2.2
"Repeat oral dosing of nabumetone for 1 month maintains anti-inflammatory efficacy in a carrageenan model of paw oedema yet does not cause gastrointestinal damage."	( Anti-inflammatory efficacy and gastrointestinal irritancy: comparative 1 month repeat oral dose studies in the rat with nabumetone, ibuprofen and diclofenac. Blower, PR; Gentry, C; Melarange, R; O'Connell, C, 1991)	0.49
" From the results of intravenous injections one can deduce linear ibuprofen pharmacokinetics within the considered dosage range, with corresponding AUC0-infinity values of 3786 micrograms * min ml-1 and 7260 micrograms * min ml-1 for the 200 mg and 400 mg doses, respectively."	( Pharmacokinetics and absolute bioavailability of ibuprofen after oral administration of ibuprofen lysine in man. Augustin, J; Kerkmann, T; Koselowske, G; Mangold, B; Martin, W; Töberich, H, 1990)	0.77
" Dose-response and time-course considerations make it unlikely that these effects are mediated via the glucocorticoid receptor, a concept further supported by the ability of sex steroids to work similar effects."	( Steroids decrease granulocyte membrane fluidity, while phorbol ester increases membrane fluidity. Studies using electron paramagnetic resonance. Hammerschmidt, DE; Jacob, HS; Knabe, AC; Lamche, HR; Silberstein, PT; Thomas, DD, 1990)	0.28
" Dosage commenced at 10 mg/kg/day and increased to a maximum of 40 mg/kg/day depending on condition and individual disease control."	( A multicentre, long-term evaluation of the safety and efficacy of ibuprofen syrup in children with juvenile chronic arthritis. Manners, PJ; Robinson, IG; Steans, A, 1990)	0.52
"Ninety-two children with juvenile rheumatoid arthritis were randomly assigned to treatment in a multicenter, double-blind, 12-week trial designed to compare the efficacy and safety of a liquid formulation of ibuprofen at a dosage of 30 to 40 mg/kg/day versus those of aspirin at a dosage of 60 to 80 mg/kg/day."	( Ibuprofen suspension in the treatment of juvenile rheumatoid arthritis. Pediatric Rheumatology Collaborative Study Group. Bernstein, B; Brewer, EJ; Fink, CW; Giannini, EH; Gibbas, D; Hoyeraal, HM; Miller, ML; Passo, MH; Person, DA; Sawyer, LA, 1990)	1.91
"The purpose of the study was to evaluate the toxicity and biological activity of highly purified lipopolysaccharide (LPS) administered intravenously to cancer patients in order to establish an optimum dosage scheme."	( Biological response to intravenously administered endotoxin in patients with advanced cancer. Andreesen, R; Engelhardt, R; Galanos, C; Mackensen, A, 1990)	0.28
" The semialkaline proteolithic enzyme Seaprose S, available in 30 mg tablets was administered at a dosage of 3 tablets a day for a period of 8 days."	( [Clinical effectiveness and safety of Seaprose S in the treatment of complications of puerperal surgical wounds]. Candotti, G; Dindelli, M; Frigerio, L; Pifarotti, G; Potenza, MT, )	0.13
" Of the 510 urines collected from 102 individuals during these dosage regimens, two gave false-positive tests for cannabinoid by enzyme-mediated immunoassay (EMIA), one after 1200 mg of ibuprofen in three divided doses for one day and one in a patient taking naproxyn on a chronic basis; none was falsely positive for benzodiazepines."	( Investigation of interference by nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs in urine tests for abused drugs. Jennison, TA; Jones, G; Rollins, DE, 1990)	0.47
" Dosage form position were reported at various time intervals."	( The effect of food on gastrointestinal (GI) transit of sustained-release ibuprofen tablets as evaluated by gamma scintigraphy. Beihn, RM; Borin, MT; Jay, M; Khare, S, 1990)	0.51
" The stereoselective assay was applied to the quantification of all the stereoisomeric ibuprofen metabolites in urine from human volunteers dosed with racemic ibuprofen or the individual enantiomers of ibuprofen."	( High-performance liquid chromatographic determination of the stereoisomeric metabolites of ibuprofen. Anliker, KS; Hall, SD; Rudy, AC, 1990)	0.72
" There was a dose-response effect for the indomethacin and aspirin groups, with higher doses having a greater inhibitory effect."	( The effect of indomethacin, aspirin, and ibuprofen on bone ingrowth into a porous-coated implant. Mills, W; Trancik, T; Vinson, N, 1989)	0.54
"A double-blind, parallel-group, triple-dummy-designed, single-oral-dose study compared the efficacy, tolerability, safety, and dose-response of 5 mg/kg (n = 32) and 10 mg/kg (n = 28) ibuprofen suspension, 10 mg/kg acetaminophen elixir (n = 33), and placebo liquids (n = 34) in 127 children (2 to 11 years of age) with fever (101 degrees to 104 degrees F)."	( Ibuprofen, acetaminophen, and placebo treatment of febrile children. Alexander, L; Braden, NJ; Galletta, G; Walson, PD, 1989)	1.91
" The 30% increase in analgesic effect may be of clinical benefit, and this trial design, cross-over with multiple dosing in out-patients, may be a sensitive test for analgesics, potentially more predictive of side-effect problems than single-dose studies."	( Codeine 20 mg increases pain relief from ibuprofen 400 mg after third molar surgery. A repeat-dosing comparison of ibuprofen and an ibuprofen-codeine combination. Carroll, D; Juniper, RP; McQuay, HJ; Moore, RA; Watts, PG, 1989)	0.54
" The same dosage of ibuprofen increased the mortality rate in the same burn sepsis model."	( The effect of ibuprofen on postburn metabolic and immunologic function. Waymack, JP, 1989)	0.96
" Increased dosage did not produce a proportional increase in the permeation and maximizing the skin-drug contact did not increase penetration: both factors indicate that absorption from deposited drug films was dissolution rate-limited."	( Absorption through human skin of ibuprofen and flurbiprofen; effect of dose variation, deposited drug films, occlusion and the penetration enhancer N-methyl-2-pyrrolidone. Akhter, SA; Barry, BW, 1985)	0.55
"14 liter/hr/kg primarily as a result of a 65% decrease in the partial metabolic clearance to OH-ibuprofen while the average mean residence time (MRTtot) increased approximately 35% over the 10-50 mg/kg dosage range."	( Dose-dependent pharmacokinetics of ibuprofen in the rat. Jung, D; Shah, A, )	0.63
" The ratio of the glucuronides of (S)-benoxaprofen to that of (R)-benoxaprofen in rhesus monkey urine varied between individual animals and appeared to change through time as dosing continued."	( Species-dependent enantioselective glucuronidation of three 2-arylpropionic acids. Naproxen, ibuprofen, and benoxaprofen. Dulik, DM; el Mouelhi, M; Fenselau, C; Ruelius, HW, )	0.35
" Animals were then treated with the four agents in carefully defined dosage regimens, and survival was again determined on the tenth postburn day."	( Postburn immunosuppression in an animal model. IV. Improved resistance to septic challenge with immunomodulating drugs. Bartle, EJ; Bender, EM; Carter, WH; Hansbrough, JF; Mansour, MA; Zapata-Sirvent, RL, 1986)	0.27
" Finally, the Tx receptor antagonist L-640,035 was tested using a dosing regimen that reduced the increase in right ventricular pressure caused by a stable endoperoxide analogue in MCTP-treated rats."	( Thromboxane does not mediate pulmonary vascular response to monocrotaline pyrrole. Ganey, PE; Roth, RA, 1987)	0.27
" Comparison of profiles with the immediate release dosage form indicated that dose dumping did not occur in any subject."	( Elevation of gastric pH with ranitidine does not affect the release characteristics of sustained release ibuprofen tablets. Berardi, RR; Dressman, JB; Elta, GH; Szpunar, GJ, )	0.35
" Blood samples were drawn at various times through 12 h after dosing and plasma samples were assayed for ibuprofen enantiomers with a stereospecific capillary gas chromatographic procedure."	( Comparative human study of ibuprofen enantiomer plasma concentrations produced by two commercially available ibuprofen tablets. Brown, MA; Cox, SR; Knuth, DW; Lednicer, D; Murrill, EA; Squires, DJ, )	0.64
" AD-1590 and indomethacin at an oral dosage as high as 32 mg/kg did not show any significant inhibitory activity on rat passive cutaneous anaphylaxis, a type-I allergy, although prednisolone and cyproheptadine produced strong inhibition."	( [Inhibitory effect of AD-1590, a non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug, on allergic inflammation in mice and rats]. Ishii, K; Kadokawa, T; Motoyoshi, S; Nakamura, H, 1988)	0.27
" This drug was highly effective when given in a dosage of one 400mg tablet at the first sign of pain or bleeding followed by further 400mg tablets every 4 to 6 hours for the duration of expected symptoms."	( Ibuprofen is a useful treatment for primary dysmenorrhoea. Fraser, IS; McCarron, G, 1987)	1.72
" Serum concentrations and related parameters were correlated to the position of the dosage form in the GI tract from the scintiphotos."	( Correlation of ibuprofen bioavailability with gastrointestinal transit by scintigraphic monitoring of 171Er-labeled sustained-release tablets. Beihn, RM; Franz, RM; Jay, M; Parr, AF; Szpunar, GJ, 1987)	0.63
" These findings indicate that lithium dosage may need to be reduced in some patients following initiation of ibuprofen therapy."	( Ibuprofen can increase serum lithium level in lithium-treated patients. Ragheb, M, 1987)	1.93
" In this patient, dosing with ibuprofen caused pronounced declines in all urinary prostanoids and a decrease in creatinine clearance."	( Reversible acute decrease in renal function by NSAIDs in cirrhosis. Anderson, SA; Brater, DC; Brown-Cartwright, D, 1987)	0.56
"Two new formulations of ibuprofen were studied in 600 mg coated tablets and granules, to allow an easier adjustment of its daily dosage now higher than in the past."	( Pharmacokinetics of two new oral formulations of ibuprofen. Benvenuti, C; Cancellieri, V; Gambaro, V; Lodi, F; Marozzi, E; Scaroni, C, 1986)	0.83
" Projections of plasma concentrations upon multiple dosing were made from single dose data."	( Evaluation of the absorption from three ibuprofen formulations. Bartoli, AL; Ciaroelli, L; Rampini, A; Regazzi, BM; Rondanelli, R, 1986)	0.54
" DCON is demonstrated to evaluate the "GI bioavailability," defined as the rate and the extent of gastrointestinal drug release, of various ibuprofen dosage forms."	( A polyexponential deconvolution method. Evaluation of the "gastrointestinal bioavailability" and mean in vivo dissolution time of some ibuprofen dosage forms. Gillespie, WR; Veng-Pedersen, P, 1985)	0.67
" Blood samples were drawn 0, 2, 4, and 6 hours and 7 days after dosing for determination in serum (from untreated or in vitro indomethacin-treated portions of the blood) of TxA2 and PGI2 by radioimmunoassay of their stable metabolites (TxB2 and 6-keto-PGF1 alpha)."	( Kinetics of ibuprofen effect on platelet and endothelial prostanoid release. Beyers, BJ; Bowen, RJ; Longenecker, GL; Shah, AK; Swift, IA, 1985)	0.65
"In a study of the antipyretic effect of two dosage levels of ibuprofen syrup in children with fever due to a variety of causes, forty-four out of the fifty children admitted completed the 24-hour trial period, twenty-three receiving 20 mg ibuprofen/kg body-weight, twenty-one receiving 30 mg/kg ibuprofen."	( A comparative study of two dosage levels of ibuprofen syrup in children with pyrexia. Kotob, A, 1985)	0.77
" The maximum recommended dosage for ibuprofen, a widely prescribed drug for the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis, has increased from 400 mg three or four times a day (at the time of its introduction) to 2,400 mg per day at present."	( A double-blind comparative study of piroxicam and ibuprofen in the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis. McLaughlin, GE, 1985)	0.8
" When cells were pretreated with ibuprofen, aspirin, or indomethacin to block prostaglandin synthesis and then exposed to 20:4, the dose-response effect was shifted to the left."	( Morphological alterations in cultured endothelial cells induced by arachidonic acid. Bar, RS; Dolash, S; Kaduce, TL; Marshall, SJ; Sandra, A; Spector, AA, 1985)	0.55
" These results suggest that modulation of leukotaxis by NSAIDs may reflect a differential dose-response sensitivity of lipoxygenase and cycloxygenase pathways."	( In vivo modulation of leukotaxis by non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs. diZerega, GS; Nakamura, RM; Shimanuki, T, 1985)	0.27
" Arterial and venous blood samples were collected before dialysis and along with dialysate, and during the final dosing interval and dialysis session."	( The influence of hemodialysis on the pharmacokinetics of ibuprofen and its major metabolites. Albert, KS; Aman, LC; Antal, EJ; Brown, BL; Levin, NW; Wright, CE, 1986)	0.52
"First and second derivative ultraviolet spectrometric methods are described for the estimation of indomethacin, naproxen, and ibuprofen in pharmaceutical dosage forms."	( Quantitation of indomethacin, naproxen, and ibuprofen in pharmaceutical dosage forms by first and second derivative ultraviolet spectrometry. Abdel-Hamid, ME; Abdel-Khalek, MM; Mahrous, MS, )	0.6
" The absence of any effects of a 2-mg/kg dose of 4,5,6,7-tetrahydroisoxazolo[5,4-c]pyridin-3-ol and the severe side effects produced by 10 mg/kg prevented determination of its dose-response relationship."	( Shock titration in the rhesus monkey: effects of opiate and nonopiate analgesics. Bloss, JL; Hammond, DL, 1985)	0.27
" The daily dosage ceiling was increased to 10 mg."	( Some biochemical correlates of panic attacks with agoraphobia and their response to a new treatment. Coleman, JH; Greenblatt, DJ; Jones, KJ; Levine, PH; Orsulak, PJ; Peterson, M; Schildkraut, JJ; Sheehan, DV; Uzogara, E; Watkins, D, 1984)	0.27
" The compounds of most interest, 18 and 28, were further tested in a model of adjuvant-induced arthritis; in this system, both compounds were active when dosed intraperitoneally but failed to produce significant activity when dosed orally at subtoxic doses."	( Synthesis and antiinflammatory activity of hexahydrothiopyrano[4,3-c]pyrazoles and related analogues. Millonig, RC; Rovnyak, GC; Schwartz, J; Shu, V, 1982)	0.26
" The effective dosage assessed was three or more times daily to apply a 4-10 cm strip of the creme on the affected part of the tissue and massage."	( [Ibuprofen in rheumatic, degenerative and traumatic disorders of the locomotor system. Local effects and tolerance]. Pollter, J, 1983)	1.18
" Therefore, according to this study, advanced age has only minimal influence on the pharmacokinetics of ibuprofen, and dosage apparently does not need to be adjusted for age."	( Effects of age on the clinical pharmacokinetics of ibuprofen. Albert, KS; Gillespie, WR; Lockwood, GF; Pau, A; Wagner, JG, 1984)	0.73
" In NMU cells, a linear dose-response inhibitory pattern was discernable, whereas in RBA cells a biphasic pattern was observed; PGE2 levels increased at low concentrations of ibuprofen and then decreased at higher concentrations."	( Endogenous prostaglandin production by established cultures of neoplastic rat mammary epithelial cells. Cohen, LA; Karmali, RA, 1984)	0.46
" This suggests that no change in ibuprofen dosing is necessary when cimetidine is co-administered."	( Cimetidine does not alter ibuprofen kinetics after a single dose. Bliss, M; Conrad, KA; Mayersohn, M, 1984)	0.85
" Piroxicam was given in a dosage of 20mg once daily and ibuprofen 400mg three times a day."	( Comparative study of piroxicam and ibuprofen in rheumatoid arthritis. Alam, MN; Kabir, MZ, 1983)	0.79
" However, dosage adjustment is not required once a regimen is implemented in uremia."	( Absorption and disposition of ibuprofen in hemodialyzed uremic patients. Au, DS; Krothapalli, R; Kuo, TH; Lee, CS; Senekjian, HO, 1983)	0.55
" Thereafter, rabbits received further dosing every 6 hr to complete a total 10-dose regimen."	( Ibuprofen inhibition of postsurgical adhesion formation: a time and dose response biochemical evaluation in rabbits. diZerega, GS; Nakamura, RM; Nishimura, K, 1984)	1.71
" Recommended initial dosage is 300 mg every six hours, increasing as needed to 400 mg every four hours."	( Evaluation of the analgesic efficacy of ibuprofen. Miller, RR, )	0.4
" There was a significant response to 1600 mg daily of ibuprofen by all three clinical measurements but increasing the daily dosage to 2400 mg produced no overall increase in response."	( Dose-response study with ibuprofen in rheumatoid arthritis: clinical and pharmacokinetic findings. Aarons, L; Grennan, DM; Higham, C; Richards, M; Siddiqui, M; Thompson, R, 1983)	0.82
" In therapeutic dosage it will adequately control joint symptoms in the majority of patients."	( Pharmacotherapy of juvenile rheumatoid arthritis. Lindsley, CB, 1981)	0.26
" The doses selected represented the manufacturer's highest recommended dosage for the treatment of arthritic disorders."	( A comparative endoscopic evaluation of the damaging effects of nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory agents on the gastric and duodenal mucosa. Chen, TT; Lanza, FL; Nelson, RS; Rack, MF; Royer, GL; Seckman, CE, 1981)	0.26
"We dosed eight normal volunteers with single doses of probenecid alone and with aspirin or ibuprofen."	( Effect of ibuprofen or aspirin on probenecid-induced uricosuria. Brooks, CD; Ulrich, JE, 1980)	0.88
" An overestimation of rare side-effects of drugs should not block the application of certain medicaments, however, they should be given only in such a high dosage as it is necessary."	( [Hematotoxic lesions caused by non-steroidal antirheumatic agents]. Hüge, W; Stobbe, H, 1980)	0.26
" NSAID dose-response curves produced using the two indices of damage showed that intestinal permeability is as sensitive and reproducible as ulceration, although changes could not be detected before visible ulceration occurred."	( Assessment of intestinal permeability changes induced by nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs in the rat. Ford, J; Houston, JB; Martin, SW, 1995)	0.29
" The results of this clearly indicate that ketoprofen in a dosage of 12."	( Comparison ketoprofen, ibuprofen and naproxen sodium in the treatment of tension-type headache. Lange, R; Lentz, R, 1995)	0.6
" Intestinal permeability was measured in rats given diclofenac either by sc bolus or iv infusion and dose-response data compared."	( Concentration-response relationships for three nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs in the rat intestine. Ford, J; Houston, JB, 1995)	0.29
" Dose-response studies indicated that bolus regional administration of S-(+)-ibuprofen increased potency 30-fold compared with systemic administration and could be further improved 10-fold by regional infusion, whereas regional administration of piroxicam showed no therapeutic advantage."	( Pharmacodynamic comparison of regional drug delivery for non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, using the rat air-pouch model of inflammation. Brennan, BS; Houston, JB; Martin, SW; Rowland, M; Stevens, AJ, 1995)	0.52
" The amount of radioactivity excreted in faeces was measured during a placebo baseline phase of three days, a treatment phase of five days with thrice daily dosing of ASA, ibuprofen or lysine clonixinate and a subsequent wash-out phase of five days."	( Gastrointestinal blood loss induced by three different non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs. Bidlingmaier, A; Hammermaier, A; Nagyiványi, P; Pabst, G; Waitzinger, J, 1995)	0.49
" The relative bioavailability of ibuprofen and naproxen, following oral administration of ibudice and napdice, was 96% and 74%, respectively, and the rate of absorption was not significantly different from that obtained following oral dosing of the parent compound."	( Pharmacokinetic analysis of diethylcarbonate prodrugs of ibuprofen and naproxen. Avnir, D; Bialer, M; Ladkani, D; Samara, E, 1995)	0.82
" Since plasma concentrations of the active S(+)-isomer were lower than those reported in adults, a higher dosage might be required in infants."	( Stereoselective disposition of ibuprofen enantiomers in infants. D'Athis, P; Dubois, MC; Goehrs, M; Gouyet, L; Lassale, C; Murat, I; Pariente-Khayat, A; Pons, G; Rey, E; Vauzelle-Kervroëdan, F, 1994)	0.57
" The recommended once-daily dosage of this preparation (1600 mg taken in the evening) provided effective control of arthritic symptoms for both patient groups, with significant overall improvements in pain and stiffness compared to baseline."	( Investigation into the duration of action of sustained-release ibuprofen in osteoarthritis and rheumatoid arthritis. Fernandes, L; Jenkins, R, 1994)	0.53
" One day prior to sublethal infection, balb/c mice were treated intravenously with various therapeutic concentrations of ibuprofen alone or ibuprofen in combination with a suboptimal dosage of murine recombinant interferon gamma, a lymphokine produced by T-helper cells."	( Influence of ibuprofen on the infection with Listeria monocytogenes. Emmendörffer, A; Heckenberger, R; Hockertz, S; Müller, M, 1995)	0.87
"77 hr when dosed as S(+)ibuprofen."	( Pharmacokinetics and bioinversion of ibuprofen enantiomers in humans. Cheng, H; Demetriades, JL; Depuy, E; Holland, SD; Rogers, JD; Seibold, JR, 1994)	0.87
" The low permeability of a water-soluble drug, chlorpheniramine maleate, and the weak mechanical properties of Aquacoat films could suggest osmotic driven/rupturing effects as the release mechanisms from Aquacoat-coated dosage forms."	( Mechanical properties of dry and wet cellulosic and acrylic films prepared from aqueous colloidal polymer dispersions used in the coating of solid dosage forms. Bodmeier, R; Paeratakul, O, 1994)	0.29
" The results suggest that ibuprofen and codeine can be given safely in a single oral dosage form."	( Pharmacokinetic evaluation of two ibuprofen-codeine combinations. Derendorf, H; Kaltenbach, ML; Mohammed, SS; Mullersman, G; Perrin, JH, 1994)	0.87
" With appropriate modifiers, wax microsphere formulations of drugs with solubility characteristics similar to those of ibuprofen can offer a starting basis for predictable sustained release dosage forms."	( Development and evaluation of sustained-release ibuprofen-wax microspheres. II. In vitro dissolution studies. Adeyeye, CM; Price, JC, 1994)	0.75
" Therefore, similar to earlier observations made in humans, in the rat, the S:R AUC ratio was positively and significantly correlated with the absorption rate from the dosage form."	( Evidence of absorption rate dependency of ibuprofen inversion in the rat. Jamali, F; Sattari, S, 1994)	0.55
" Indeed, no changes in serum pepsinogen I and II were noted in 80% of the patients in the higher dosage group and in more than 90% of the lower dosage group."	( [Determination of serum pepsinogen I and II for assessment of gastroduodenal tolerance of S(+) ibuprofen]. Klein, G; Kullich, W; Wallner, H, 1994)	0.51
" The HPV response in the presence of anesthetic was expressed as a percentage of the pressor response in the absence of anesthetics, and dose-response relationships were calculated using the nonlinear least-squares method."	( Effect of sevoflurane on hypoxic pulmonary vasoconstriction in the perfused rabbit lung. Gui, X; Ishibe, Y; Shiokawa, Y; Suekane, K; Umeda, T; Uno, H, 1993)	0.29
" Ibuprofen pretreatment did not alter ED50 and slope of dose-response curve, although the absolute value of pressor response in the sevoflurane group with ibuprofen pretreatment was greater than that in the sevoflurane alone group at every concentration of sevoflurane."	( Effect of sevoflurane on hypoxic pulmonary vasoconstriction in the perfused rabbit lung. Gui, X; Ishibe, Y; Shiokawa, Y; Suekane, K; Umeda, T; Uno, H, 1993)	1.2
" A positive dose-response was seen for both active drugs with meclofenamate 100 mg and ibuprofen 400 mg exhibiting the greatest efficacy for pain relief, pain reduction, time to remedication, and overall evaluation."	( Single dose and multidose analgesic study of ibuprofen and meclofenamate sodium after third molar surgery. Bergman, S; Betts, N; Cooper, S; Gaston, G; Henry, E; Hersh, EV; Lamp, C; MacAfee, K; Quinn, P; Wedell, D, 1993)	0.77
"(1) Appropriateness of therapy using a four-level safety classification system for the NSAIDs developed by a consensus process; criteria based on safety under the assumption that any particular NSAID is equally likely to be effective when dosed appropriately; (2) evaluation of progression of NSAID therapy using the NSAID Therapy Progression Formula."	( Assessing physician choice of nonsteroidal antiinflammatory drugs in a health maintenance organization. Farris, KB; Kaplan, B; Kirking, DM, 1993)	0.29
" Although the precise level of ibuprofen needed for cyclooxygenase inhibition is unknown, enteral administration results in levels below the targeted 10 to 20 mcg/ml for much of the traditional 6-hour dosing interval."	( The pharmacokinetics of ibuprofen after burn injury. Bond, PJ; Caldwell, FT; Cone, JB; Gurley, BJ; Olsen, KM; Wallace, BH, )	0.72
" Dosage increases were permitted after a 2-week trial period."	( Efficacy of nabumetone versus diclofenac, naproxen, ibuprofen, and piroxicam in osteoarthritis and rheumatoid arthritis. DeLapp, RE; Lister, BJ; Poland, M, 1993)	0.54
" These data indicate that a prophylactic dosage of ibuprofen does not prevent CK release from muscle, but does decrease muscle soreness perception and may assist in restoring muscle function."	( Effect of ibuprofen use on muscle soreness, damage, and performance: a preliminary investigation. Daniels, JC; Divine, JG; Hasson, SM; Niebuhr, BR; Richmond, S; Stein, PG; Williams, JH, 1993)	0.94
" Renal side-effects of ibuprofen appear to be dose-dependent, and were not reported at the recommended dosage as over-the-counter drug (0."	( Ibuprofen as an over-the-counter drug: is there a risk for renal injury? Brune, K; Goerig, M; Luft, FC; Mann, JF, 1993)	2.04
" The dose-response for ibuprofen and flurbiprofen was roughly equivalent to that of clofibric acid, whereas indomethacin was less active."	( Induction of peroxisomal beta-oxidation by nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs. Eacho, PI; Foxworthy, PS; Perry, DN, 1993)	0.6
" In this study sustained-release ibuprofen was shown to be a more effective alternative to conventional ibuprofen therapy for the treatment of arthritic diseases in general practice, offering the convenience of once-daily dosing and the associated potential benefit of improved patient compliance."	( A novel sustained-release formulation of ibuprofen provides effective once-daily therapy in the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis and osteoarthritis. Anderson, AM; Lennox, B; Muldoon, C; O'Connor, TP, )	0.68
"To determine the renovascular effects of nonprescription ibuprofen in the maximum labeled over-the-counter (OTC) dosage for 7 days, and to compare these effects with those of two other available OTC analgesics, aspirin and acetaminophen, we evaluated 25 elderly patients with mild thiazide-treated hypertension and mild renal insufficiency."	( Renovascular effects of nonprescription ibuprofen in elderly hypertensive patients with mild renal impairment. Furey, SA; McMahon, FG; Vargas, R, )	0.64
" The fractional inversion of (R)-ibuprofen was determined by two methods (stable isotope method and from the stereochemical composition of the urinary metabolites) that gave similar estimates of inversion for oral dosing (0."	( Lack of presystemic inversion of (R)- to (S)-ibuprofen in humans. Brater, DC; Hall, SD; Knight, PM; Rudy, AC, 1993)	0.83
" Use of low risk drugs in low dosage as first line treatment would substantially reduce the morbidity and mortality due to serious gastrointestinal toxicity from these drugs."	( Variability in risk of gastrointestinal complications with individual non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs: results of a collaborative meta-analysis. Carson, JL; Fries, JT; Garcia Rodriguez, LA; Griffin, M; Hawkey, C; Henry, D; Hill, S; Lim, LL; Logan, R; Moride, Y; Perez Gutthann, S; Savage, R, 1996)	0.29
" But when the ibuprofen dosage had been decreased to 600 mg daily, the urticaria recurred, though in milder form."	( [The Schnitzler syndrome as a cause of recurrent fever of unknown origin]. Maier, R; Nagel, HG; Reuther, G; Winckelmann, G, 1996)	0.65
" (25 mg/kg) dosing were best described by a 2-compartment model."	( Bioavailability and pharmacokinetics of ibuprofen in the broiler chicken. Chen, CL; Chen, H; Roder, JD; Sangiah, S, 1996)	0.56
"Rats were randomly divided into four experimental groups and four control groups, and dosed with suspensions of encapsulated and unencapsulated ibuprofen (17 mg/kg and 44 mg/kg)."	( Acute gastrointestinal toxic effects of suspensions of unencapsulated and encapsulated ibuprofen in rats. Adeyeye, CM; Bricker, JD; Smith, WI; Vilivalam, VD, 1996)	0.72
"The effect of food on the plasma concentration-time profile of sustained release dosage forms of ibuprofen and flurbiprofen has been investigated in healthy Asian Indian volunteers, in two separate studies."	( The effect of food on the bioavailability of ibuprofen and flurbiprofen from sustained release formulations. Kelkar, MG; Nayak, PJ; Pargal, A, 1996)	0.77
" The preparations satisfying sustained release dosage form of Ibuprofen was also investigated."	( Drug release from lipid matrices. Part II. Influence of formulation factors on the release of slightly soluble drug. Ozates, B; Ozdemir, N, )	0.37
" Concurrent disease modifying antirheumatic drugs were not permitted; established low dosage corticosteroid therapy could be continued."	( Double blind evaluation of the long-term effects of etodolac versus ibuprofen in patients with rheumatoid arthritis. Neustadt, DH, 1997)	0.53
" IB showed a dose-response relationship which appeared to plateau at doses of 50 and 100 mg/kg."	( Effects of the combined oral administration of NSAIDs and dextromethorphan on behavioral symptoms indicative of arthritic pain in rats. Caruso, FS; Frenk, H; Lu, J; Mao, J; Mayer, DJ; Price, DD, 1996)	0.29
" Oral granules of nimesulide were administered in daily dosage of 200 mg."	( [Controlled clinical study of the efficacy and tolerability of methoxybutropate compared to nimesulide in gynecology]. Ajossa, S; Guerriero, S; Mais, V; Melis, GB; Paoletti, AM, 1997)	0.3
"The mean Cmax for (S)- and (R)-ibuprofen decreased with increased particle size of the drug or microspheres in the suspension dosage forms, while the Tmax increased with increased particle size."	( Stereoselective disposition of suspensions of conventional and wax-matrix sustained release ibuprofen microspheres in rats. Adeyeye, CM; Chen, FF, 1997)	0.8
" Bimodal disposition is influenced by dosage form while presystemic inversion is both site-specific, and dosage form dependent."	( Stereoselective disposition of suspensions of conventional and wax-matrix sustained release ibuprofen microspheres in rats. Adeyeye, CM; Chen, FF, 1997)	0.52
" Analgesia was measured during the 6-hour period after dosing based on onset of relief, hourly and summary variables, and duration of effect."	( Analgesic efficacy of a hydrocodone with ibuprofen combination compared with ibuprofen alone for the treatment of acute postoperative pain. Doyle, R; O'Neill, E; Olson, NZ; Ramos, I; Sunshine, A, 1997)	0.56
" The methods are accurate and results are reproducible in quantities ranging from 1 to 10 mg of ibuprofen in analysed pharmaceutical dosage forms."	( Electrochemical determination of ibuprofen. Ivanović, D; Medenica, M, 1998)	0.8
"The purpose of this single-dose, randomized, placebo-controlled, and double-blind study was to evaluate the analgesic dose-response relationship of 50-mg, 100-mg, 200-mg, and 400-mg doses of ibuprofen after third molar surgery."	( Analgesic dose-response relationship of ibuprofen 50, 100, 200, and 400 mg after surgical removal of third molars: a single-dose, randomized, placebo-controlled, and double-blind study of 304 patients. Branebjerg, PE; Bugge, C; Hillerup, S; Nattestad, A; Nielsen, H; Ritzau, M; Schou, S; Skoglund, LA, 1998)	0.76
" Although this study failed to describe a dose-response relationship, it appears that there are significant breed differences in susceptibility to GIU subsequent to ibuprofen exposure."	( A case-control study of acute ibuprofen toxicity in dogs. Hungerford, LL; Poortinga, EW, 1998)	0.78
" Mean ratios after dosage adjustment of the test preparation using the "2 one-sided t-tests" procedure were calculated."	( Pharmacokinetics of dexibuprofen administered as 200 mg and 400 mg film-coated tablets in healthy volunteers. Eller, N; Kikuta, C; Kollenz, CJ; Mascher, H; Schiel, H, 1998)	0.61
" Three dosage forms were selected for this study: capsules, suppositories, and creams."	( Effect of chemical structure on the release of certain propionic acid derivatives from their dosage forms. el-Bary, AA; el-Nabarawi, MA; Mohamed, MI, 1998)	0.3
" In the dental pain study, total pain relief (TOTPAR) over the 6 hours after dosing was similar between 50 mg and 500 mg rofecoxib and 400 mg ibuprofen (P > ."	( Characterization of rofecoxib as a cyclooxygenase-2 isoform inhibitor and demonstration of analgesia in the dental pain model. Dallob, A; De Lepeleire, I; De Schepper, P; Ehrich, EW; Gertz, BJ; Mehlisch, DR; Porras, A; Riendeau, D; Seibold, JR; Van Hecken, A; Wittreich, J; Yuan, W, 1999)	0.5
" Dose-response relationships show that higher doses of ibuprofen may be particularly effective."	( Postoperative analgesia and vomiting, with special reference to day-case surgery: a systematic review. McQuay, HJ; Moore, RA, 1998)	0.55
"To determine the pharmacokinetic disposition of high doses of ibuprofen in patients with cystic fibrosis (CF), and to evaluate the reliability of intrapatient dosage adjustments to achieve recommended peak ibuprofen plasma concentrations."	( Pharmacokinetics of ibuprofen in patients with cystic fibrosis. Murry, DJ; Oermann, CM; Ou, CN; Rognerud, C; Seilheimer, DK; Sockrider, MM, 1999)	0.87
" Fourteen patients had ibuprofen dosage adjustments."	( Pharmacokinetics of ibuprofen in patients with cystic fibrosis. Murry, DJ; Oermann, CM; Ou, CN; Rognerud, C; Seilheimer, DK; Sockrider, MM, 1999)	0.94
" Patients had access to escape analgesic and if these were taken, the time and dosage were recorded."	( The efficacy of a novel adenosine agonist (WAG 994) in postoperative dental pain. Andrews, C; Frame, J; Hawkesford, JE; Hill, CM; Seymour, RA, 1999)	0.3
" Bioavailability tests are therefore important early on during development of new dosage forms or formulations."	( Organic acids as excipients in matrix granules for colon-specific drug delivery. Heinämäki, J; Jürjensson, H; Krogars, K; Marvola, M; Nykänen, P; Säkkinen, M; Veski, P, 1999)	0.3
"5 mg rofecoxib, 25 mg rofecoxib, 400 mg ibuprofen, or placebo and the mean +/- SE change in oral temperature at 4 hours after dosing was -0."	( Cyclooxygenase-2 inhibition by rofecoxib reverses naturally occurring fever in humans. Adcock, S; Bachmann, KA; Chan, CC; Cohen, RA; Davidson, MH; Dobratz, D; Gertz, BJ; Grasing, K; Hedges, J; Jones, TM; McBride, KJ; Moritz, C; Mukhopadhyay, S; Schwartz, JI, 1999)	0.57
"Twelve healthy volunteers were given ibuprofen racemate in two different dosage forms, a suspension and a tablet."	( Effect of dosage form on stereoisomeric inversion of ibuprofen in volunteers. Aiba, T; Koizumi, T; Lin, ET; Tse, MM, 1999)	0.83
" The difference between morning and evening dosing of the immediate-release formulation was minimal."	( Morning versus evening dosing of ibuprofen using conventional and time-controlled release formulations. Halsas, M; Hietala, J; Jürjenson, H; Marvola, M; Veski, P, 1999)	0.58
" Multiple unit dosage forms (MUDFs) were subsequently obtained by encapsulating the mini-matrix tablets into hard gelatin capsules."	( Development and evaluation of a multiple-unit oral sustained release dosage form for S(+)-ibuprofen: preparation and release kinetics. Cox, PJ; Khan, KA; Munday, DL; Sujja-areevath, J, 1999)	0.52
" For the symptomatic treatment of painful disorders a dose-response relationship of the NSAID should be a basic requirement, which is difficult to be proven in studies because rheumatic diseases are heterogenous in terms of clinical involvement."	( Evaluation of the efficacy and dose-response relationship of dexibuprofen (S(+)-ibuprofen) in patients with osteoarthritis of the hip and comparison with racemic ibuprofen using the WOMAC osteoarthritis index. Hawel, R; Klein, G; Kollenz, CJ; Mayrhofer, F; Singer, F, 2000)	0.55
"The active enantiomer dexibuprofen (S(+)-ibuprofen) proved to be an effective non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug with a significant dose-response relationship in patients with painful osteoarthritis of the hip."	( Evaluation of the efficacy and dose-response relationship of dexibuprofen (S(+)-ibuprofen) in patients with osteoarthritis of the hip and comparison with racemic ibuprofen using the WOMAC osteoarthritis index. Hawel, R; Klein, G; Kollenz, CJ; Mayrhofer, F; Singer, F, 2000)	0.85
"Seven hundred seventy-five patients with osteoarthritis were randomized to receive rofecoxib at a dosage of 25 mg or 50 mg once daily, ibuprofen 800 mg 3 times daily, or placebo."	( Comparison of the effect of rofecoxib (a cyclooxygenase 2 inhibitor), ibuprofen, and placebo on the gastroduodenal mucosa of patients with osteoarthritis: a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial. The Rofecoxib Osteoarthritis Endoscopy Multina Acevedo, E; Beaulieu, A; Bolognese, J; Hawkey, C; Laine, L; Maldonado-Cocco, J; Mortensen, E; Quan, H; Shahane, A; Simon, T, 2000)	0.74
"We studied a method of estimating the number of contacts in a solid dosage form using thermal analysis."	( Studies on the number of contacts between ibuprofen and ethenzamide using thermal analysis. Aoki, S; Danjo, K; Mizutani, T, 2000)	0.57
"Pain thresholds and sensitization to a series of four sessions of interdigital web pinching (12 Newtons force) were measured in 26 male volunteers before and 1 and 3 h after oral dosing with ibuprofen (800 mg) or placebo to ibuprofen."	( Sensitivity of repeated interdigital web pinching to detect antinociceptive effects of ibuprofen. Beise, R; Demey, C; Growcott, JW; Stammer, H; Stone, A; Tetzloff, W, 2000)	0.72
"This study demonstrated that a 2-tablet dose of hydrocodone with ibuprofen provided significantly more analgesia than a 1-tablet dose (a positive dose-response effect) and that both doses were superior to placebo."	( Dose-response effect of combination hydrocodone with ibuprofen in patients with moderate to severe postoperative pain. Damask, M; de Padova, A; Doyle, RT; Jiang, JG; Keffer, M; Landau, CJ; Morris, E; Palangio, M; Wideman, GL, 2000)	0.79
"5 g resting tensions, NOS inhibitors shifted the ACh dose-response curve to the right."	( Mechanical stretch reveals different components of endothelial-mediated vascular tone in rat aortic strips. Bani, D; Ciuffi, M; Failli, P; Franchi-Micheli, S; Mazzetti, L; Zilletti, L, 2000)	0.31
"Rofecoxib is effective in treating OA with once-daily dosing for 6 weeks and 1 year."	( Rofecoxib, a new cyclooxygenase 2 inhibitor, shows sustained efficacy, comparable with other nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs: a 6-week and a 1-year trial in patients with osteoarthritis. Osteoarthritis Studies Group. Bolognese, J; Daniels, B; DeTora, L; Fisher, C; Saag, K; Samara, A; Sperling, R; van der Heijde, D, )	0.13
" We sought to determine the prevalence of and risk factors for inaccurate dosing by parents seeking care for their children in the emergency department (ED)."	( Acetaminophen and ibuprofen dosing by parents. Crain, EF; Lacher, B; Li, SF, 2000)	0.64
" Caregivers were asked about quantity and frequency of antipyretic use prior to the ED visit, the source of information used to determine dosage, and which factor (eg, age, sex, height, weight, height of fever, severity of illness) they considered most important in determining the correct dosage of medication."	( Acetaminophen and ibuprofen dosing by parents. Crain, EF; Lacher, B; Li, SF, 2000)	0.64
" Caregivers who reported that antipyretic dosage was based on weight were less likely to misdose medication, suggesting a valuable role for patient education."	( Acetaminophen and ibuprofen dosing by parents. Crain, EF; Lacher, B; Li, SF, 2000)	0.64
" For the quantitative assay for all of the investigated substances in the laboratory mixture or in respective pharmaceutical dosage forms the "zero-crossing" technique was applied."	( Second-derivative spectrophotometric assay of pseudoephedrine, ibuprofen and loratadine in pharmaceuticals. Ivanovic, D; Mandic, G; Markovic, S; Medenica, M, 2000)	0.55
" In conclusion, the long half-life and excellent safety profile of telmisartan were unaffected by concurrent acetaminophen or ibuprofen medication; thus, once-daily dosing of telmisartan can be maintained, which may help to optimize patient compliance, and patients may self-administer concomitant acetaminophen or ibuprofen."	( Pharmacokinetics of acetaminophen and ibuprofen when coadministered with telmisartan in healthy volunteers. Fraunhofer, A; Stangier, J; Su, CA; Tetzloff, W, 2000)	0.78
" These data demonstrate that the experimental mini-tablets can be used to formulate sustained-release dosage forms."	( Bioavailability of ibuprofen from matrix mini-tablets based on a mixture of starch and microcrystalline wax. Berlo, JA; De Brabander, C; Görtz, JP; Remon, JP; Vervaet, C, 2000)	0.64
" A dose-response relationship was observed for ketoprofen, with the two higher doses providing significantly greater analgesia than the lower dose."	( Onset and duration of analgesia for low-dose ketoprofen in the treatment of postoperative dental pain. Marrero, I; Olson, NZ; Sunshine, A; Tirado, S, 1998)	0.3
" The paper examines solid divided dosage forms for oral administration."	( [Use of over-the-counter drugs containing ibuprofen in self-medication]. Macesková, B, 2001)	0.57
" We explore the toxicities of OTC cough and cold medications, discuss mechanisms of dosing errors, and suggest why physicians should be more vigilant in specifically inquiring about OTCs when evaluating an ill child."	( Toxicity of over-the-counter cough and cold medications. Gunn, VL; Liebelt, EL; Serwint, JR; Taha, SH, 2001)	0.31
" Less frequently, acetaminophen toxicity is attributable to unintended inappropriate dosing or the failure to recognize children at increased risk in whom standard acetaminophen doses have been administered."	( Acetaminophen toxicity in children. , 2001)	0.31
" But ibuprofen both alone or with MPA had no effect on survival with gavage application of a 30 mg/kg/day dosing regime."	( Vascularization pattern of C6 glioma is modified with medroxyprogesterone acetate and ibuprofen in Wistar rat brain. Altinoz, MA; Altug, T; Aydiner, A; Bilir, A; Bozcali, E; Ozar, E; Sav, A; Taskin, M, 2001)	1.05
" This article will address the safety and efficacy of acetaminophen, aspirin, and ibuprofen independently and in combination with currently available prescription dosage forms with a focus on pharmacology, pharmacotherapeutics, pharmacodynamics, and pharmacokinetics, including drug interactions at the CYP450 system."	( Acetaminophen, aspirin, or Ibuprofen in combination analgesic products. Barkin, RL, )	0.65
" To the third group, ibuprofen at 30 mg/kg dosage was given, 30 min following endotoxin administration, whereas in the fourth group animals, ibuprofen was administered 30 min before endotoxin administration."	( Effects of ibuprofen on plasma endothelin levels and some vital parameters during endotoxin shock in rabbits. Akbulut, A; Canbaz, M; Celik, I; Vural, P, 2002)	1.02
" The purpose was to measure the effect of ibuprofen on urinary excretion of aquaporin-2 (u-AQP2), urinary output, urinary osmolality (u-osm) and plasma concentration of vasopressin (AVP) in a dose-response study using placebo and ibuprofen 600mg and 1200mg."	( Effect of an acute oral ibuprofen intake on urinary aquaporin-2 excretion in healthy humans. Bech, JN; Bentzen, H; Pedersen, EB; Pedersen, RS, 2001)	0.88
"The efficacy study was performed to prove the equivalent efficacy of dexibuprofen compared to the double dose of racemic ibuprofen and to show a clinical dose-response relationship of dexibuprofen."	( Efficacy and long-term safety of dexibuprofen [S(+)-ibuprofen]: a short-term efficacy study in patients with osteoarthritis of the hip and a 1-year tolerability study in patients with rheumatic disorders. Mayrhofer, F, 2001)	0.82
" However, this 'pharmacokinetic' rationale does not take into account the fact that inversion is not instantaneous, that there is variability in the extent of inversion between individuals, and that the kinetics of inversion may differ depending on the dosing situations."	( Comparative pharmacology of S(+)-ibuprofen and (RS)-ibuprofen. Evans, AM, 2001)	0.59
" The recommended dosing of the study medications was 1 tablet every 4 to 6 hours, not to exceed 5 tablets per day."	( Combination hydrocodone and ibuprofen versus combination oxycodone and acetaminophen in the treatment of moderate or severe acute low back pain. Dornseif, BE; Doyle, RT; Morris, E; Palangio, M; Valente, TJ, 2002)	0.61
" Current methods for dosage individualization are based on dose proportionality using visual inspection of the peak concentration; however, because of interpatient variability in the absorption of the various formulations this method may result in incorrect assessments of the peak concentration achieved."	( Development of population pharmacokinetic models and optimal sampling times for ibuprofen tablet and suspension formulations in children with cystic fibrosis. Aminimanizani, A; Beringer, P; Scott, C; Synold, T, 2002)	0.54
" A direct compression method was used to prepare these two types of tablets containing coated ibuprofen as a high dosed model drug."	( Fast dispersible ibuprofen tablets. Schiermeier, S; Schmidt, PC, 2002)	0.87
"001), which is evidently an advantage of this new dosage form."	( Bioavailability and in vitro oesophageal sticking tendency of hydroxypropyl methylcellulose capsule formulations and corresponding gelatine capsule formulations. Eerikäinen, S; Honkanen, O; Janne, M; Laaksonen, P; Martti, M; Marvola, J; Marvola, M; Pia, L; Raimo, T; Sari, E; Tuominen, R, 2002)	0.31
" This trial evaluated the maximum approved OTC dosing regimen (400 mg x 3, q4-6h) of ibuprofen liquigels compared to a single dose of celecoxib (200 mg) and placebo in 174 patients with moderate orsevere pain following surgical extraction of impacted third molars."	( Efficacy and tolerability of nonprescription ibuprofen versus celecoxib for dental pain. Ashraf, E; Cooper, SA; Doyle, G; Jayawardena, S, 2002)	0.8
" Patient's Assessment of Ankle Pain Visual Analog Scale on Weight Bearing responses, also given on days 4 and 8, showed that celecoxib was as efficacious in the treatment of ankle sprain as the maximum therapeutic dosage of ibuprofen and that, compared with placebo, it reduced pain significantly more (P < ."	( Efficacy of celecoxib versus ibuprofen in the treatment of acute pain: a multicenter, double-blind, randomized controlled trial in acute ankle sprain. Ekman, EF; Fiechtner, JJ; Fort, JG; Levy, S, 2002)	0.79
" Properties like dissolution behavior and properties influencing the manufacturing of dosage forms--like flowability--differ."	( Properties of ibuprofen crystallized under various conditions: a comparative study. Müller, BW; Rasenack, N, 2002)	0.68
" With furosemide, the most marked difference between a conventional dosage form and granules containing 40% MCCh was a marked lag time (0."	( In vivo evaluation of matrix granules containing microcrystalline chitosan as a gel-forming excipient. Jürjenson, H; Linna, A; Marvola, M; Ojala, S; Säkkinen, M; Veski, P, 2003)	0.32
"Although several studies on ibuprofen and its gastro-intestinal (GI) risk have been reported, the dose-response relationship was not clear due to the lack of information regarding high-dose exposure."	( An approximate Bayesian risk-analysis for the gastro-intestinal safety of ibuprofen. Donnan, PT; MacDonald, TM; Wang, J, 2002)	0.84
"A retrospective cohort study to assess this dose-response relationship was carried out using a record linkage database."	( An approximate Bayesian risk-analysis for the gastro-intestinal safety of ibuprofen. Donnan, PT; MacDonald, TM; Wang, J, 2002)	0.55
" A flexible dosing regimen is proposed, starting with an initial dose of 2 tablets (2 x 12."	( A multicenter, randomized, double-blind, double-dummy, placebo- and active-controlled, parallel-group comparison of diclofenac-K and ibuprofen for the treatment of adults with influenza-like symptoms. Frank, WO; Gold, MS; Grebe, W; Ionescu, E; Liu, JM, 2003)	0.52
" The flexible dosing regimens comprised 2 tablets of diclofenac-K (12."	( A multicenter, randomized, double-blind, double-dummy, placebo- and active-controlled, parallel-group comparison of diclofenac-K and ibuprofen for the treatment of adults with influenza-like symptoms. Frank, WO; Gold, MS; Grebe, W; Ionescu, E; Liu, JM, 2003)	0.52
"5 mg taken in a flexible dosing regimen was more effective than placebo in relieving influenza-like symptoms, with comparable tolerability Efficacy and tolerability of diclofenac-K were similar to those of ibuprofen 200 mg."	( A multicenter, randomized, double-blind, double-dummy, placebo- and active-controlled, parallel-group comparison of diclofenac-K and ibuprofen for the treatment of adults with influenza-like symptoms. Frank, WO; Gold, MS; Grebe, W; Ionescu, E; Liu, JM, 2003)	0.71
" These results suggest that Cmax >50 microg/ml and twice daily dosing of ibuprofen are required to decrease PMN migration, and reinforce the current recommendation that pharmacokinetics should be performed in CF patients prescribed ibuprofen."	( Effect of ibuprofen on neutrophil migration in vivo in cystic fibrosis and healthy subjects. Davis, PB; Finney, MR; Hilliard, JB; Hilliard, KA; Hoppel, CL; Kirchner, HL; Konstan, MW; Krenicky, JE, 2003)	0.95
" The results of the present study warrant revising the oral dosage schedule to achieve comparable plasma concentrations of ibuprofen associated with successful closure of ductus, as reported in earlier studies."	( Pharmacokinetics of oral ibuprofen in premature infants. Garg, SK; Narang, A; Sharma, PK, 2003)	0.83
" The primary efficacy outcome for the flexible multiple dosing regimen was the End of Study global efficacy assessment."	( Relief of acute low back pain with diclofenac-K 12.5 mg tablets: a flexible dose, ibuprofen 200 mg and placebo-controlled clinical trial. Dreiser, RL; Gold, M; Ionescu, E; Liu, JH; Marty, M, 2003)	0.54
" The flexible multiple dosing regimens of diclofenac-K and ibuprofen were both significantly superior to placebo on the End of Study global efficacy assessment, time to rescue medication over the entire study period, the End of Day global efficacy assessment on Days 1-2, pain intensity difference on the VAS at Visit 3 and the Eifel algofunctional index at Visit 3 (also at Visit 2 in diclofenac-K 12."	( Relief of acute low back pain with diclofenac-K 12.5 mg tablets: a flexible dose, ibuprofen 200 mg and placebo-controlled clinical trial. Dreiser, RL; Gold, M; Ionescu, E; Liu, JH; Marty, M, 2003)	0.79
"The flexible multiple dosing regimen of diclofenac-K 12."	( Relief of acute low back pain with diclofenac-K 12.5 mg tablets: a flexible dose, ibuprofen 200 mg and placebo-controlled clinical trial. Dreiser, RL; Gold, M; Ionescu, E; Liu, JH; Marty, M, 2003)	0.54
" Given the low rates of events, at low or intermittent dosage without concurrent treatment, these 3 analgesics cannot be distinguished from each other or from background rates of serious GI toxicity."	( Rates of serious gastrointestinal events from low dose use of acetylsalicylic acid, acetaminophen, and ibuprofen in patients with osteoarthritis and rheumatoid arthritis. Bruce, B; Fries, JF, 2003)	0.53
" Dose-response studies revealed an 50% effective dose for hydrocodone alone in mice of 11 mg/kg, SC."	( The synergistic analgesic interactions between hydrocodone and ibuprofen. Kolesnikov, YA; Pasternak, GW; Wilson, RS, 2003)	0.56
"Hydrophilic matrix tablets based on hydroxypropylmethylcellulose (HPMC) and other cellulose derivatives rank among dosage forms with retarded effect widely used in contemporary pharmacotherapy."	( [Release of diltiazem chloride and ibuprofen from hydrophilic matrix tablets]. Medvecká, G; Rabisková, M; Vostalová, L, 2003)	0.6
"Body weight, dose, and ibuprofen dosage form (lysinate salt or the free acid form), for elimination clearance (CL/F); and body weight, dose, and fasting status for the apparent distribution volume (Vd/F) proved to be the covariates with influence in the model."	( Population pharmacokinetics of high dose ibuprofen in cystic fibrosis. Arranz, I; Escribano, A; Juste, M; Lanao, JM; Martín-Suárez, A; Mercader, J; Mora, F; Ripoll, E; Vázquez, C, 2003)	0.9
" We also determined the role of cytochrome P450 2C9 (CYP2C9) polymorphism on coumarin dosage and INR in NSAID users."	( Potential interaction between acenocoumarol and diclofenac, naproxen and ibuprofen and role of CYP2C9 genotype. Brouwers, JR; de Jong-van den Berg, LT; de Vries-Bots, AM; Piersma-Wichers, M; Plat, AW; Slomp, J; van Dijk, AA; van Dijk, KN, 2004)	0.56
" Thus, the poloxamer gel with poloxamer 188 and menthol was a more effective rectal dosage form for ibuprofen."	( Enhanced rectal bioavailability of ibuprofen in rats by poloxamer 188 and menthol. Choi, HG; Choi, JS; Kim, CK; Kim, DC; Kim, DD; Lee, BJ; Rhee, JD; Yang, CH; Yong, CS, 2004)	0.82
" Since the disk assembly in the USP for patch dosage forms was unsuited for use in a release test due to penetration of the dissolution medium into the cataplasm from the screw part of the device and the cataplasm swelled, new holders were designed."	( Investigation of the release test method for the topical application of pharmaceutical preparations: release test of cataplasm including nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs using artificial sweat. Kobayashi, D; Kogo, T; Morimoto, Y; Numajiri, S; Shimamura, T; Tairabune, T; Ueda, H, 2004)	0.32
" At dosage of 1 mg l(-1), erythromycin affected the growth of both Synechocystis and Lemna with a maximum inhibition of 70 and 20%, respectively."	( Effects of erythromycin, tetracycline and ibuprofen on the growth of Synechocystis sp. and Lemna minor. Calamari, D; Neilan, BA; Netting, AG; Pomati, F, 2004)	0.59
" This kind of formulations could be suitable for preparation of colon-specific dosage forms."	( Citric acid as a pH-regulating additive in granules and the tablet matrix in enteric-coated formulations for colon-specific drug delivery. Jürjenson, H; Marvola, M; Nykänen, P; Sten, T; Veski, P, 2004)	0.32
" Mean total pain relief and the sum of pain intensity difference were also similar in the early period after dosing (0-4 hours)."	( Onset of analgesia and analgesic efficacy of tramadol/acetaminophen and codeine/acetaminophen/ibuprofen in acute postoperative pain: a single-center, single-dose, randomized, active-controlled, parallel-group study in a dental surgery pain model. Cha, IH; Jung, YS; Kim, DK; Kim, HJ; Kim, MK; Lee, EW, 2004)	0.54
" If a PDA was still present afterwards, a curative course of ibuprofen using the same dosage regimen was administered (n = 10)."	( Population pharmacokinetics of ibuprofen enantiomers in very premature neonates. Brault, M; Geneteau, A; Gregoire, N; Gualano, V; Mignot, A; Millerioux, L; Roze, JC, 2004)	0.85
"Drugs were separately, orally dosed to pregnant rats triple daily 8 hr apart from day 8 to 21 (GD=1-plug day)."	( Developmental toxicity evaluation of ibuprofen and tolmetin administered in triple daily doses to Wistar CRL:(WI)WUBR rats. Burdan, F, 2004)	0.6
" Thus, the liquid suppository system with P 188 and menthol, a more convenient and effective rectal dosage form for ibuprofen will be expected to enhance the rectal bioavailability of ibuprofen."	( Preparation of ibuprofen-loaded liquid suppository using eutectic mixture system with menthol. Choi, HG; Jung, SH; Kim, CK; Kim, HD; Oh, YK; Rhee, JD; Yong, CS, 2004)	0.89
" Based on these data, the following primary efficacy end points were determined: total pain relief 6 hours after dosing (TOTPAR6) and sum of pain intensity differences 6 hours after dosing (SPID6)."	( Combination oxycodone 5 mg/ibuprofen 400 mg for the treatment of pain after abdominal or pelvic surgery in women: a randomized, double-blind, placebo- and active-controlled parallel-group study. Newman, K; Pong, A; Singla, N, 2005)	0.63
" The onset of pain relief occurred within 15 minutes of dosing with all 4 regimens."	( Combination oxycodone 5 mg/ibuprofen 400 mg for the treatment of pain after abdominal or pelvic surgery in women: a randomized, double-blind, placebo- and active-controlled parallel-group study. Newman, K; Pong, A; Singla, N, 2005)	0.63
"Drugs were separately, orally once daily dosed to pregnant rats from day 8 to 21 (GD1=plug day)."	( Comparison of developmental toxicity of selective and non-selective cyclooxygenase-2 inhibitors in CRL:(WI)WUBR Wistar rats--DFU and piroxicam study. Burdan, F, 2005)	0.33
" The primary outcome measures were total pain relief through 6 hours after dosing (TOTPAR6), sum of pain intensity differences through 6 hours (SPID6), and adverse events."	( Analgesic efficacy and tolerability of oxycodone 5 mg/ibuprofen 400 mg compared with those of oxycodone 5 mg/acetaminophen 325 mg and hydrocodone 7.5 mg/acetaminophen 500 mg in patients with moderate to severe postoperative pain: a randomized, double-blin Adamson, DN; Christensen, SE; Han, SH; Litkowski, LJ; Newman, KB; Van Dyke, T, 2005)	0.58
" Blood samples were collected from 20 min to 10 h after dosing and pharmacokinetic analysis of ibuprofen enantiomers were done."	( Perioperative pharmacokinetics of ibuprofen enantiomers after rectal administration. Kyllönen, M; Olkkola, KT; Ryhänen, P; Seppälä, T, 2005)	0.83
" During the dosing period, the animals were periodically subjected to laboratory tests, light-microscopic, immunohistochemical, and electron-microscopic examinations and/or cyclooxygenase (COX)-2 mRNA analysis."	( Early pathophysiological features in canine renal papillary necrosis induced by nefiracetam. Furuhama, K; Ishii, Y; Jindo, T; Suzuki, KT; Takada, S; Tsuchiya, Y; Yabe, K, 2005)	0.33
"Aqueous solubility is an important parameter for the development of liquid formulations and in the determination of bioavailability of oral dosage forms."	( Solubility of (+/-)-ibuprofen and S (+)-ibuprofen in the presence of cosolvents and cyclodextrins. Beach, JW; Jun, HW; Nerurkar, J; Park, MO, 2005)	0.65
" Piroxicam and DFU were dosed once daily."	( Skeletal developmental effects of selective and nonselective cyclooxygenase-2 inhibitors administered through organogenesis and fetogenesis in Wistar CRL:(WI)WUBR rats. Burdan, F; Dudka, J; Klepacz, R; Marzec, B; Szumilo, J, 2005)	0.33
" It was concluded that the presented microemulsion system might be a promising intravenous dosage form of poorly water-soluble lipophilic drugs."	( Synthesis of ibuprofen eugenol ester and its microemulsion formulation for parenteral delivery. Chen, D; Ding, P; Gao, P; Li, K; Zhao, X, 2005)	0.7
" Thus, the ibuprofen-loaded preparation with poloxamer 188 and menthol was a more effective oral dosage form for poorly water-soluble ibuprofen."	( Enhanced oral bioavailability of ibuprofen in rats by poloxamer gel using poloxamer 188 and menthol. Choi, HG; Han, SS; Kim, CK; Kim, JA; Kim, JH; Kim, JO; Kong, KH; Lee, MK; Lyoo, WS; Park, YJ; Rhee, JD; Xuan, JJ; Yang, CH; Yong, CS, 2005)	1
" Polymers MC25 and HPC were found to be unsuitable for the preparation of this kind of solid dosage form, while HPMC K15M and K100M showed to be advantageous."	( Role of cellulose ether polymers on ibuprofen release from matrix tablets. Batista de Carvalho, LA; Pina, ME; Sousa, JJ; Veiga, F; Vueba, ML, 2005)	0.6
" In this survey, 30% believed there was less risk with OTC analgesics, and 44% consumed more than the recommended dosage on the label."	( Patterns of use and public perception of over-the-counter pain relievers: focus on nonsteroidal antiinflammatory drugs. Cryer, B; Triadafilopoulos, G; Wilcox, CM, 2005)	0.33
"Differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) was used to investigate and detect incompatibilities between drugs such as: ibuprofen (IBU) or ketoprofen (KETO) with cellulose ether derivatives, which are frequently applied on controlled release dosage forms."	( Compatibility studies between ibuprofen or ketoprofen with cellulose ether polymer mixtures using thermal analysis. Pina, ME; Sousa, JJ; Veiga, F; Vueba, ML, 2005)	0.83
" These results suggest that synthesizing the ibuprofen prodrug was justified and the presented microemulsion system might be a promising oral dosage form for poorly water-soluble drugs."	( Synthesis, properties and microemulsion formulation of ibuprofen eugenol ester. Chen, DW; Gao, P; Li, KX; Luo, YF; Zhao, XL, 2005)	0.84
"Pemetrexed (500 mg/m(2)) with vitamin supplementation is well tolerated and requires no dosage adjustment when coadministered with aspirin (in patients with CrCl > or =60 mL/min) or ibuprofen (in patients with CrCl > or =80 mL/min)."	( Two drug interaction studies evaluating the pharmacokinetics and toxicity of pemetrexed when coadministered with aspirin or Ibuprofen in patients with advanced cancer. Baker, SD; Battiato, L; Chaudhary, AK; Chaudhuri, T; Cleverly, A; Fife, K; Krull, JH; Latz, JE; Mita, AC; Murry, DJ; Rowinsky, EK; Sandler, A; Sweeney, CJ; Takimoto, CH, 2006)	0.73
" There was a difference in dissolution behavior between the dosage forms of the two countries."	( International harmonization of generic drugs: in vitro dissolution tests for Japanese and American generic tablets. Jorgenson, JA; Kamae, I; Otsuka, K; Otsuka, M; Tomita, H, 2006)	0.33
"Although increased menstrual bleeding and pain are common reasons for early IUD removal, prophylactic use of ibuprofen, at the dosage used here, does not reduce removal rates."	( Preventing copper intrauterine device removals due to side effects among first-time users: randomized trial to study the effect of prophylactic ibuprofen. Chen, PL; Croxatto, H; Hubacher, D; Lillo, S; Pierre-Louis, B; Reyes, V; Zepeda, A, 2006)	0.75
"Mini-matrices (multiple-unit dosage form) with release-sustaining properties were developed by means of hot-melt extrusion using ibuprofen as the model drug and ethylcellulose as sustained-release agent."	( Xanthan gum to tailor drug release of sustained-release ethylcellulose mini-matrices prepared via hot-melt extrusion: in vitro and in vivo evaluation. Remon, JP; Verhoeven, E; Vervaet, C, 2006)	0.54
" An increased risk was observed for diclofenac and rofecoxib, the latter one with a clear dose-response trend."	( Non-steroidal antiinflammatory drugs and the risk of acute myocardial infarction. García Rodríguez, LA; Hernández-Díaz, S; Varas-Lorenzo, C, 2006)	0.33
" A reduction of the ibuprofen dosage should be considered when ibuprofen is coadministered with voriconazole or fluconazole, especially when the initial ibuprofen dose is high."	( Effects of the antifungals voriconazole and fluconazole on the pharmacokinetics of s-(+)- and R-(-)-Ibuprofen. Hynninen, VV; Laine, K; Leino, K; Lundgren, S; Neuvonen, PJ; Olkkola, KT; Rane, A; Valtonen, M; Vyyryläinen, H, 2006)	0.87
" Under the dosage of 30 KeV, 4 x 10(15) ions/cm2, the mutation rate is the highest, with 32."	( [Study on ion beam mutagenizing of the Trichosporon lactis T for enantioselective separation of ibuprofen]. Chen, LH; Li, ZW; Qin, GY; Tan, ZF; Wang, YP, 2006)	0.55
"Variant CYP2C9 genotypes enhanced the protective effect of ibuprofen on the prevention of colorectal cancer, and a dose-response relationship with respect to increasing numbers of variant alleles was seen (P interaction = ."	( Interactions between CYP2C9 and UGT1A6 polymorphisms and nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs in colorectal cancer prevention. Andersen, K; Curtin, K; Levin, TR; Ma, KN; Samowitz, WS; Slattery, ML; Sweeney, C; Wolff, RK, 2006)	0.58
" The drug has prolonged elimination (plasma half-life = ca 23 hours), suggesting that once daily dosing is appropriate."	( Systematic review: intravenous Ibuprofen in preterm newborns. Aranda, JV; Thomas, R, 2006)	0.62
"Establishing the dose-response relationship for clinically useful doses of aspirin, ibuprofen and paracetamol has been difficult."	( Dose-response in direct comparisons of different doses of aspirin, ibuprofen and paracetamol (acetaminophen) in analgesic studies. McQuay, HJ; Moore, RA, 2007)	0.8
"Use of trials making direct comparison of two different doses of target drugs revealed the underlying dose-response curve for clinical analgesia."	( Dose-response in direct comparisons of different doses of aspirin, ibuprofen and paracetamol (acetaminophen) in analgesic studies. McQuay, HJ; Moore, RA, 2007)	0.58
" The antinociceptive efficacies were evaluated using several dose-response curves and time courses."	( Enhancement of antinociception by co-administration of ibuprofen and caffeine in arthritic rats. Bravo, G; Cook, HJ; Déciga-Campos, M; Díaz-Reval, MI; Domínguez-Ramírez, AM; López, JR; López-Muñoz, FJ, 2006)	0.58
"Near infrared (NIR) spectroscopy is gaining worldwide interest as an analytical tool for quality control of raw materials, intermediate products, and final dosage forms."	( Use of near-infrared for quantitative measurement of viscosity and concentration of active ingredient in pharmaceutical gel. Donoso, M; Ghaly, ES, 2006)	0.33
" Subjects were eligible for inclusion in the study if they received an OTC dosage of naproxen (220 mg) or ibuprofen (200 mg)."	( Gastrointestinal complications of over-the-counter nonsteroidal antiinflammatory drugs. Biskupiak, JE; Brixner, DI; Howard, K; Oderda, GM, 2006)	0.55
" A single-dose oral bioavailability study revealed significant differences in C(max), T(max), t(1/2a), t(1/2e), K(a), K(e), and AUC between the conventional tablet and optimized or Fenlong-SR capsule dosage forms."	( In vitro and in vivo evaluation of single-unit commercial conventional tablet and sustained-release capsules compared with multiple-unit polystyrene microparticle dosage forms of Ibuprofen. Sa, B; Tamilvanan, S, 2006)	0.53
" Based on this knowledge, the effects of the films' composition and thickness on the resulting drug release kinetics (also from coated solid dosage forms) can be predicted in a quantitative way."	( Drugs acting as plasticizers in polymeric systems: a quantitative treatment. Le Brun, V; Siepmann, F; Siepmann, J, 2006)	0.33
"Floating dosage forms enable the sustained delivery of drugs in the gastro-intestinal tract."	( Sustained release of hydrophobic and hydrophilic drugs from a floating dosage form. Boey, FY; Tang, YD; Venkatraman, SS; Wang, LW, 2007)	0.34
" Such flows occur at the entrance of powder compression units, and their characteristics are of great interest because any powder agglomeration or segregation can be detrimental to the quality of the final solid oral dosage form."	( Cohesive, multicomponent, dense powder flow characterization by NIR. Abatzoglou, N; Benedetti, C; Cartilier, L; Léonard, G; McDermott, L; Simard, JS, 2007)	0.34
" There was a wide variability of the dosing interval."	( Alternating antipyretics for fever reduction in children: an unfounded practice passed down to parents from pediatricians. Liebelt, EL; Wright, AD, 2007)	0.34
" Moreover, racemization reduces the administrated dosage concentration as optically active enantiomer converted into its inactive counter part."	( Role of racemization in optically active drugs development. Aboul-Enein, HY; Ali, I; Gupta, VK; Sharma, B; Singh, P, 2007)	0.34
" Increasing dosage (trend P = ."	( Smoking, caffeine, and nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs in families with Parkinson disease. Hancock, DB; Jewett, R; Martin, ER; Scott, BL; Scott, WK; Stacy, MA; Stajich, JM; Vance, JM, 2007)	0.34
" There is sufficient evidence to consider that ibuprofen, at the currently proposed dosing regimen, has a similar efficacy to indomethacin but is better tolerated by the neonatal kidney when employed for the treatment of established PDA."	( Renal effects of ibuprofen for the treatment of patent ductus arteriosus in premature infants. Buffat, C; Giniger, RP; Millet, V; Simeoni, U, 2007)	0.94
" Ibuprofen dosage was 51% (P<0."	( Paediatric analgesia in the emergency department, are we getting it right? Blair, L; Clark, M; Donald, C; Duncan, R; Thakore, S, 2007)	1.25
" Immediate and complete release of ibuprofen from SDs might be because of the reduction in the drug crystalline due to eutectic formation, and their dosing to fasted rats resulted in a significant increase in the area under curve (AUC) of the plasma concentration versus time curve and the maximum plasma concentration (Cmax), and a significant decrease in the time to reach Cmax (Tmax) over ibuprofen and physical mixtures."	( Preparation, characterization and in vivo evaluation of ibuprofen binary solid dispersions with poloxamer 188. Bhandari, KH; Choi, HG; Kim, JA; Kwon, TH; Li, DX; Lyoo, WS; Newa, M; Woo, JS; Yong, CS; Yoo, BK, 2007)	0.86
" Dosage was determined by weight (86."	( Over-the-counter medication use for childhood fever: a cross-sectional study of Australian parents. Edwards, H; Fraser, J; Walsh, A, 2007)	0.34
" This enabled the commencement of technological work on the design and manufacture of a model dosage form administered to the skin and containing the products of lanolin oxyethylation."	( Equilibrium solubilization of lipophilic therapeutic agents by aqueous solutions of products of catalytic oxyethylation of Croda-type lanolin as model excipients of the class of non-ionic surface active agents. Lukosek, M; Nachajski, MJ; Zgoda, MM, 2007)	0.34
"High-dose ibuprofen therapy chronically administered at appropriate weight-based dosing is a possible treatment option for children and young adults with CF polyposis."	( Ibuprofen therapy and nasal polyposis in cystic fibrosis patients. Conley, SF; Gershan, WM; Lindstrom, DR; Splaingard, ML, 2007)	2.18
" Although several polymers have been utilised in the development of specialised drug delivery systems, their scope in dosage form design can be enlarged through combining different polymers."	( Chitosan-polycarbophil complexes in swellable matrix systems for controlled drug release. Chen, W; Hamman, JH; Lu, Z, 2007)	0.34
" Ten normal volunteer subjects underwent 3 randomized treatment sessions: aspirin 325 mg alone, ibuprofen 400 mg alone, and ibuprofen 400 mg, followed by dosing with aspirin 325 mg 2 hours thereafter."	( Effects of ibuprofen on the magnitude and duration of aspirin's inhibition of platelet aggregation: clinical consequences in stroke prophylaxis. Bates, V; Gengo, FM; Gengo, MF; Mager, DE; Rainka, M; Robson, M; Rubin, L, 2008)	0.95
"A mechanism-based pharmacodynamic model has been developed that characterizes the antiplatelet effects of aspirin and ibuprofen, alone and concomitantly, and predicts a significant inhibition of aspirin antiplatelet effects in the presence of a typical ibuprofen dosing regimen."	( Population pharmacodynamic modelling of aspirin- and Ibuprofen-induced inhibition of platelet aggregation in healthy subjects. Bates, VE; Gengo, FM; Hong, Y; Mager, DE; Rainka, MM, 2008)	0.8
" It can be concluded that a combination of mannitol, erythritol, Glucidex 9, Kollidon CL, colloidal silicon dioxide and polyoxyethylene 20 sorbitan monooleate allowed the spray drying of highly dosed drug substances (acetaminophen, ibuprofen, cimetidine) in order to obtain 'ready-to-compress' powder mixtures on lab-scale and production-scale equipment."	( Coprocessing via spray drying as a formulation platform to improve the compactability of various drugs. Gonnissen, Y; Peeters, E; Remon, JP; Verhoeven, E; Vervaet, C, 2008)	0.53
" The CPD method therefore is presented as a feasible and controllable process to load porous solid dosage forms with drug particles in order to improve dissolution."	( Direct drug loading into preformed porous solid dosage units by the controlled particle deposition (CPD), a new concept for improved dissolution using SCF-technology. Türk, M; Wahl, MA; Wischumerski, RS, 2008)	0.35
" Dosing schemes were proposed as a function of postnatal age, to achieve this AUC and to improve the efficacy of treatment for patent ductus arteriosus in neonates."	( An optimized ibuprofen dosing scheme for preterm neonates with patent ductus arteriosus, based on a population pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic study. Eisinger, MJ; Hirt, D; Langhendries, JP; Marguglio, A; Schepens, P; Treluyer, JM; Urien, S; Van Overmeire, B, 2008)	0.72
" The developed methodology would be beneficial to formulation scientists in dosage form design and optimization."	( Effect of drug solubility on polymer hydration and drug dissolution from polyethylene oxide (PEO) matrix tablets. Gu, X; Hardy, RJ; Li, H, 2008)	0.35
" Ibuprofen at up to 15 microg/mL was not cytotoxic, regardless of dosing protocols, exposure conditions, viability endpoints, or cell lines."	( Effects of ibuprofen on the viability and proliferation of rainbow trout liver cell lines and potential problems and interactions in effects assessment. Bols, NC; Kawano, A; Lee, LE; Porte, C; Schnell, S, 2009)	1.65
" In particular, the microwave technology has been considered in order to prepare an enhanced release dosage form for the poorly soluble drug Ibuprofen (IBU), employing PVP/VA 60/40 (PVP/VA 64) and hydroxypropyl-beta-cyclodextrin (HP-beta-CD) as hydrophilic carriers."	( Microwave generated solid dispersions containing Ibuprofen. Baxa, P; Bellich, B; Moneghini, M; Princivalle, F, 2008)	0.8
" Hundred and forty-four male Sprague Dawley rats were dosed with 3, 5 and 10 mg kg(-1) diclofenac and ibuprofen in saline via intraperitoneal injection for 15 days."	( Morphological alteration in mitochondria following diclofenac and ibuprofen administration. Fakurazi, S; Ithnin, H; Moorthy, M, 2008)	0.8
" Further experimental work towards identifying the most efficacious COX-2 inhibitors, as well as the mechanism of action and the optimal dosage regimen should be executed."	( Cyclooxygenase inhibitors: a novel direction for Alzheimer's management. Banerjee, A; Nivsarkar, M; Padh, H, )	0.13
" Appropriate dosing and managing of these drugs do not likely lead to organ toxicity."	( Acute non-oliguric kidney failure and cholestatic hepatitis induced by ibuprofen and acetaminophen: a case report. Angeli, S; Brugnara, M; Cuzzolin, L; Zaffanello, M, 2009)	0.59
" An appropriate dosage of H(2)O(2) could hinder the occurrence of the direct photolysis."	( Degradation of selected pharmaceuticals in aqueous solution with UV and UV/H(2)O(2). Hu, C; Hu, X; Qu, J; Yang, M; Yuan, F, 2009)	0.35
"Neonatal drug dosing needs to be based on the physiological characteristics of the newborn, the pharmacokinetic parameters of the drug and has to take maturational aspects of drug disposition into account."	( Neonatal clinical pharmacology: recent observations of relevance for anaesthesiologists. Allegaert, K; de Hoon, J; Naulaers, G; Van De Velde, M, 2008)	0.35
" This study does not explain whether our intervention was not effective in blocking free radicals and inflammatory cytokines, if the dosing and route of administration were inadequate, or if other mediators existed that could have a more powerful role in brain injury during hypoxia-ischemia."	( Ascorbic acid combined with ibuprofen in hypoxic ischemic encephalopathy: a randomized controlled trial. Aaref, M; Abd-Rabboh, L; Abdelrahman, S; Aly, H; El-Dib, M; Elsayed, A; Hassan, H; Nawwar, F, 2009)	0.65
" Three doses of ibuprofen suspension or placebo were randomly given at the dosage of 10, 5, 5 mg/kg every 24 hours."	( Prophylaxis of symptomatic patent ductus arteriosus with oral ibuprofen in very low birth weight infants. Ayudhaya, JK; Kanjanapattanakul, W; Khorana, M; Lertsutthiwong, W; Sangtawesin, C; Sangtawesin, V, 2008)	0.93
"Prophylactic oral ibuprofen suspension at lower dosage results in less symptomatic PDA without significant side-effects."	( Prophylaxis of symptomatic patent ductus arteriosus with oral ibuprofen in very low birth weight infants. Ayudhaya, JK; Kanjanapattanakul, W; Khorana, M; Lertsutthiwong, W; Sangtawesin, C; Sangtawesin, V, 2008)	0.92
"Multiparticulate drug delivery systems, such as pellets, are frequently used as they offer therapeutic advantages over single-unit dosage forms."	( Porous pellets as drug delivery system. Cosijns, A; De Beer, T; Evrard, B; Nikolakakis, I; Nizet, D; Remon, JP; Siepmann, F; Siepmann, J; Vervaet, C, 2009)	0.35
" Our results suggested that this solid SEDDS could be used as an effective oral solid dosage form to improve the bioavailability of poorly water-soluble drug dexibuprofen."	( Enhanced oral bioavailability of dexibuprofen by a novel solid self-emulsifying drug delivery system (SEDDS). Balakrishnan, P; Choi, HG; Hong, MJ; Jee, JP; Kim, JA; Kim, JO; Lee, BJ; Oh, DH; Woo, JS; Yong, CS; Yoo, BK, 2009)	0.82
" Efficient removal of background ions permitted the detection of drug-related ions in in vivo samples (plasma, bile, urine and feces) obtained from rats orally dosed with (14)C-loratadine with minimal interference."	( A retention-time-shift-tolerant background subtraction and noise reduction algorithm (BgS-NoRA) for extraction of drug metabolites in liquid chromatography/mass spectrometry data from biological matrices. Alton, K; Chowdhury, S; Ding, W; Ghosal, A; Tong, W; Zhu, P, 2009)	0.35
" Thus, this ibuprofen-loaded solid dispersion with water, HPMC and poloxamer was a more effective oral dosage form for improving the bioavailability of poor water-soluble ibuprofen."	( Development of novel ibuprofen-loaded solid dispersion with improved bioavailability using aqueous solution. Choi, HG; Hwang, MR; Kim, JO; Koo, YB; Kwon, R; Oh, DH; Park, YJ; Quan, QZ; Woo, JS; Yong, CS, 2009)	1.05
" The dosing range for acetaminophen was 10-15 mg/kg every four to six hours as needed, and the regimen for ibuprofen was 5-10 mg/kg every six to eight hours as needed."	( Effect of a weight-based prescribing method within an electronic health record on prescribing errors. Barr, WB; Ginzburg, R; Harris, M; Munshi, S, 2009)	0.57
"An automated weight-based dosing calculator integrated into an EHR system in the outpatient setting significantly reduced medication prescribing errors for antipyretics prescribed to pediatric patients."	( Effect of a weight-based prescribing method within an electronic health record on prescribing errors. Barr, WB; Ginzburg, R; Harris, M; Munshi, S, 2009)	0.35
" A washout period of 2-7 days separated consecutive dosing days."	( Bioavailability of ibuprofen following oral administration of standard ibuprofen, sodium ibuprofen or ibuprofen acid incorporating poloxamer in healthy volunteers. Berry, P; Dewland, PM; Reader, S, 2009)	0.68
" Maxigesic tablets combine acetaminophen and ibuprofen in clinically appropriate doses to simplify administration and dosage regimen."	( Combined acetaminophen and ibuprofen for pain relief after oral surgery in adults: a randomized controlled trial. Anderson, BJ; Davies, E; Edwards, J; Frampton, C; Gibbs, RD; Merry, AF; Ting, GS, 2010)	0.92
" Dosing of the medication began the day after surgery and continued for 27 days."	( Effects of nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs on flexor tendon adhesion. Capo, J; Cottrell, JA; Meyenhofer, M; Nourbakhsh, A; O'Connor, JP; Tan, V, 2010)	0.36
"An electrostatic dry powder coating process for pharmaceutical solid dosage forms was developed for the first time by electrostatic dry powder coating in a pan coater system."	( A novel electrostatic dry powder coating process for pharmaceutical dosage forms: immediate release coatings for tablets. Chow, K; Ma, Y; Qiao, M; Zhang, L; Zhu, J, 2010)	0.36
" Three times daily dosing may offer enhanced therapeutic effect for longer than twice daily dosing."	( The pharmacokinetic profile of a novel fixed-dose combination tablet of ibuprofen and paracetamol. Aspley, S; Munn, A; Tanner, T; Thomas, T, 2010)	0.59
" AEs were assessed at 8 hours after dosing in stage 1, at 72 hours after dosing in stage 2, and at the follow-up visit (7-10 days after surgery); in addition, patients were instructed to report any AE that occurred between scheduled assessments."	( A single-tablet fixed-dose combination of racemic ibuprofen/paracetamol in the management of moderate to severe postoperative dental pain in adult and adolescent patients: a multicenter, two-stage, randomized, double-blind, parallel-group, placebo-control Aspley, S; Christensen, KS; Daniels, SE; Mehlisch, DR; Southerden, KA, 2010)	0.61
"CYP2C polymorphism was not associated with PDA response to ibuprofen and this factor appears not appropriate to optimize the ductal closure rate by modulating ibuprofen dosing strategy."	( Are cytochrome P450 CYP2C8 and CYP2C9 polymorphisms associated with ibuprofen response in very preterm infants? Alberti, C; Aujard, Y; Barre, J; Baud, O; Danan, C; Decobert, F; Durrmeyer, X; Hovhannisyan, S; Jacqz-Aigrain, E; Médard, Y, 2010)	0.84
" Our results suggest that CDDE may be potential oral dosage forms to control the release and to improve the bioavailability of poorly water-soluble dexibuprofen."	( Dry elixir formulations of dexibuprofen for controlled release and enhanced oral bioavailability. Kim, CK; Kim, JK; Kim, SR; Park, JS, 2011)	0.86
" The temperature remained reduced over the entire 120-hour dosing period in the patients who received IV ibuprofen, although the difference beyond 24 hours did not reach statistical significance."	( A prospective, multicenter, randomized, double-blind trial of IV ibuprofen for treatment of fever and pain in burn patients. Pavliv, L; Promes, JT; Rock, A; Safcsak, K; Voss, B, )	0.58
"Mixtures containing ibuprofen (IB) complexed with β-cyclodextrin (βCD) obtained by two complexation methods [suspension/solution (with water removed by air stream, spray- and freeze-drying) and kneading technique] were processed into pharmaceutical dosage forms (minitablets and capsules)."	( Comparison of ibuprofen release from minitablets and capsules containing ibuprofen: β-cyclodextrin complex. Cabral-Marques, HM; Costa, PC; Pinto, JF; Salústio, PJ, 2011)	1.05
" The dosing times were 1 hour before separator placement and 3 and 7 hours after separator placement."	( Effects of analgesics on orthodontic pain. Fillingim, R; Logan, H; McGorray, SP; Patel, S; Wheeler, TT; Yezierski, R, 2011)	0.37
"This study found that in these subjects, the absorption rates of the two DI formulations were not bioequivalent, but at steady state, the daily exposure provided by less frequent DI ER dosing was not significantly different from the same daily dose with DI IR capsules, administered more frequently."	( Pharmacokinetics and bioequivalence of single dose and multiple doses of immediate- and extended-release formulations of dexibuprofen in healthy Chinese subjects. Chen, M; H Chu, J; Ju, WZ; Liu, F; Liu, SJ; S Tan, H; Wu, T; Xiong, NN; Xu, MJ; Zhang, J; Zou, C, 2011)	0.58
" Our results identify the decreased expression of prostaglandin H synthase 1 and increased expression of leukotriene C(4) synthase as the key elements in AA metabolism that contribute to increased leukotriene C(4) and decreased anti-inflammatory prostaglandins after NSAID dosing in aspirin-intolerant patients."	( Role of expression of prostaglandin synthases 1 and 2 and leukotriene C4 synthase in aspirin-intolerant asthma: a theoretical study. Brumen, M; Dobovišek, A; Fajmut, A, 2011)	0.37
"The aim of the study was to investigate if variations in NSAID doses prescribed to children can be explained by patient age, indication, dosage form, type of NSAID or year of prescription."	( Dose variations associated with formulations of NSAID prescriptions for children: a descriptive analysis of electronic health records in the UK. Bate, A; Caster, O; Edwards, IR; Star, K, 2011)	0.37
" Multiple regression analysis was performed with the rPDD as the response variable, and age, indication, dosage form, NSAID substance and year of prescription as the explanatory variables."	( Dose variations associated with formulations of NSAID prescriptions for children: a descriptive analysis of electronic health records in the UK. Bate, A; Caster, O; Edwards, IR; Star, K, 2011)	0.37
" The rPDD varied considerably with dosage form in both the ibuprofen and NSAID groups."	( Dose variations associated with formulations of NSAID prescriptions for children: a descriptive analysis of electronic health records in the UK. Bate, A; Caster, O; Edwards, IR; Star, K, 2011)	0.61
"Conventional solid oral dosage forms are unsuitable for children due to problems associated with swallowing and unpleasant taste."	( Use of the direct compression aid Ludiflash(®) for the preparation of pellets via wet extrusion/spheronization. Griesbacher, M; Khinast, J; Radl, S; Roblegg, E; Schrank, S; Zimmer, A, 2011)	0.37
"A novel, stability-indicating gradient reverse-phase ultra-performance liquid chromatographic method was developed for the simultaneous determination of ibuprofen and diphenhydramine citrate in the presence of degradation products and process related impurities in combined dosage form."	( Development and validation of an UPLC method for rapid determination of ibuprofen and diphenhydramine citrate in the presence of impurities in combined dosage form. Mukkanti, K; Rao, DD; Sait, SS, 2011)	0.8
" Eligible participants were dosed preoperatively within 1 hour of surgery."	( A randomized, controlled study to investigate the analgesic efficacy of single doses of the cannabinoid receptor-2 agonist GW842166, ibuprofen or placebo in patients with acute pain following third molar tooth extraction. Albanese, M; Bullman, J; Costantin, C; Guillard, F; Leeson, R; Meyer, I; Milleri, S; Nocini, PF; Ostenfeld, T; Price, J; Ziviani, L, 2011)	0.57
" An ibuprofen dosage of 1,600 mg/day did not induce LUF syndrome either at continuous periovulatory or discontinuous exposure."	( Luteinized unruptured follicle syndrome increased by inactive disease and selective cyclooxygenase 2 inhibitors in women with inflammatory arthropathies. Micu, MC; Micu, R; Ostensen, M, 2011)	0.93
" We proposed a systematic classification scheme using FDA-approved drug labeling to assess the DILI potential of drugs, which yielded a benchmark dataset with 287 drugs representing a wide range of therapeutic categories and daily dosage amounts."	( FDA-approved drug labeling for the study of drug-induced liver injury. Chen, M; Fang, H; Liu, Z; Shi, Q; Tong, W; Vijay, V, 2011)	0.37
" The potential use of this synergistic interaction can be a design of new extended release pharmaceutical dosage forms with a more prolonged release (beyond 12 h) using lower polymer amount, which could be particularly beneficial for freely water-soluble drugs, preferably for once daily oral administration."	( The influence of sodium carboxymethylcellulose on drug release from polyethylene oxide extended release matrices. Douroumis, D; Farrell, T; Levina, M; Nokhodchi, A; Palmer, D; Rajabi-Siahboomi, A, 2011)	0.37
" In conclusion, the bioadhesive films formed from organic-inorganic hybrid gels possessed very good qualities for application on the skin and may provide a promising formulation for TDDS, especially when the patient acceptability from an aesthetic perspective of the dosage form is a prime consideration."	( Bioadhesive film formed from a novel organic-inorganic hybrid gel for transdermal drug delivery system. Deng, L; Dong, A; Du, X; Guo, R; Zhang, J; Zhang, R, 2011)	0.37
"8 percent vomiting, which affected adherence to prescribed dosing regimens and, thus, is inversely associated with the level of pain relief."	( Oxycodone-related side effects: impact on degree of bother, adherence, pain relief, satisfaction, and quality of life. Ackerman, SJ; Anastassopoulos, KP; Benson, C; Chow, W; Kim, MS; Tapia, C, )	0.13
" Standard solutions of ibuprofen, ketoprofen and naproxen were dosed into the synthetic feed of the MBR."	( Enantiospecific fate of ibuprofen, ketoprofen and naproxen in a laboratory-scale membrane bioreactor. Hashim, NH; Khan, SJ; Nghiem, LD; Stuetz, RM, 2011)	0.99
" Although the literature on gastrointestinal (GI) safety of NSAID therapy is extensive, the risk profiles of OTC and prescription dosing are seldom separated, and few studies provide risks specific to OTC ibuprofen."	( Over-the-counter ibuprofen and risk of gastrointestinal bleeding complications: a systematic literature review. Abramsky, S; Collins, J; McCarberg, B; Michels, SL; Paredes-Diaz, A; Reynolds, MW, 2012)	0.91
" The incidence of a GI bleeding-related event increased with age and the use of concomitant medications, and there was a general, though not always statistically significant, ibuprofen dose-response relationship."	( Over-the-counter ibuprofen and risk of gastrointestinal bleeding complications: a systematic literature review. Abramsky, S; Collins, J; McCarberg, B; Michels, SL; Paredes-Diaz, A; Reynolds, MW, 2012)	0.91
" A marked reduction in the antiplatelet effect of aspirin was also seen on the same schedule when the dosage of ibuprofen was 150 mg, which is the dose used in over-the-counter (OTC) preparations."	( Prediction of time-dependent interaction of aspirin with ibuprofen using a pharmacokinetic/pharmacodynamic model. Awa, K; Hori, S; Satoh, H; Sawada, Y, 2012)	0.84
" We conclude that repeated dosing through transversus abdominis plane catheters may be offered to women as an alternative or adjuvant to intrathecal morphine."	( Transversus abdominis plane catheters for post-cesarean delivery analgesia: a series of five cases. Bollag, L; Landau, R; Ortner, C; Richebe, P, 2012)	0.38
" The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of oral ketamine on the dosage of local anesthetics required and postoperative pain management for irreversibly inflamed mandibular molars."	( The effect of orally administered ketamine on requirement for anesthetics and postoperative pain in mandibular molar teeth with irreversible pulpitis. Ebtehaj, I; Kaviani, N; Khademi, A; Mohammadi, Z, 2011)	0.37
" The model was used to derive a rational dosing regimen in comparison with currently used dosing regimens for amikacin."	( Maturation of the glomerular filtration rate in neonates, as reflected by amikacin clearance. Allegaert, K; Danhof, M; De Cock, RF; de Hoog, M; Knibbe, CA; Schreuder, MF; Sherwin, CM; van den Anker, JN, 2012)	0.38
" This analysis illustrated clearly that the currently used dosing regimens for amikacin in reference handbooks may possibly increase the risk of toxicities and should be revised."	( Maturation of the glomerular filtration rate in neonates, as reflected by amikacin clearance. Allegaert, K; Danhof, M; De Cock, RF; de Hoog, M; Knibbe, CA; Schreuder, MF; Sherwin, CM; van den Anker, JN, 2012)	0.38
" Finally, the model reflects maturation of the GFR, allowing for adjustments of dosing regimens for other renally excreted drugs in preterm and term neonates."	( Maturation of the glomerular filtration rate in neonates, as reflected by amikacin clearance. Allegaert, K; Danhof, M; De Cock, RF; de Hoog, M; Knibbe, CA; Schreuder, MF; Sherwin, CM; van den Anker, JN, 2012)	0.38
"In this study, the potential of wet granulation of ordered mesoporous silica (OMS) material was evaluated to assess the risk of premature drug release during processing and to improve the bulk powder flow properties and compactibility for the development of an immediate release oral dosage form."	( Risk assessment of premature drug release during wet granulation of ordered mesoporous silica loaded with poorly soluble compounds itraconazole, fenofibrate, naproxen, and ibuprofen. Backhuijs, F; Martens, JA; Van den Mooter, G; Vialpando, M, 2012)	0.57
" In developing intravenous ibuprofen, a range of times of infusion and dosing levels have been utilized and compared with the oral route of administration."	( Pharmacokinetics of intravenous ibuprofen: implications of time of infusion in the treatment of pain and fever. Smith, HS; Voss, B, 2012)	0.96
" The method was enantiomerspecific for the determination of dexibuprofen [S-(+)-isomer ibuprofen] in the presence of R-(-)-isomer ibuprofen in bulk drug, pharmaceutical dosage form and under stress degradation."	( A validated enantioselective HPLC assay of dexibuprofen in dexibuprofen tablet formulations. Aboul-Enein, HY; Awad, H; Lashin, S, 2012)	0.88
" For preventative treament of migraine, cyproheptadine should be reserved for younger children unable to swallow tablets while amitriptyline is preferred due to its once daily dosing and minimal side effects."	( Treating pediatric migraine: an expert opinion. Hershey, AD; Kabbouche, MA; O'Brien, HL, 2012)	0.38
"Pellets intended for oral dosing are frequently produced via extrusion/spheronization followed by drying."	( Ibuprofen-loaded calcium stearate pellets: drying-induced variations in dosage form properties. Glasser, BJ; Hodzic, A; Khinast, J; Roblegg, E; Schrank, S; Zimmer, A, 2012)	1.82
" The explanation of the reduced pharmacodymanic effect in such population is unclear; so far, studies using increased dosing of ibuprofen have failed to show a clear benefit."	( Ibubrofen in the treatment of patent ductus arteriosus in preterm infants: what we know, what we still do not know. Boubred, F; Buffat, C; Fayol, L; Grandvuillemin, I; Ligi, I; Mercanti, I; Millet, V; Simeoni, U, 2012)	0.58
" The presented model is effective for understanding the drug release mechanisms and for the design of this type of dosage form."	( Modeling of drug release from biodegradable triple-layered microparticles. Lee, WL; Li, S; Loo, SC; Low, ZY; Shi, WX, 2012)	0.38
"In vitro dissolution methodologies that adequately capture the oral bioperformance of solid dosage forms are critical tools needed to aid formulation development."	( Mechanistic analysis of solute transport in an in vitro physiological two-phase dissolution apparatus. Amidon, GE; Amidon, GL; Gao, P; Mudie, DM; Ping, H; Shi, Y, 2012)	0.38
" Pretreatment of carrageenan-induced hyperalgesic animals with UP446 at 150 mg/kg oral dosage reduced the hypersensitivity of pain by 39."	( Analgesic effects of a standardized bioflavonoid composition from Scutellaria baicalensis and Acacia catechu. Brownell, L; Hodges, M; Jia, Q; Yimam, M, 2012)	0.38
"The selected studies showed great heterogeneity of participants, temperature for fever diagnosis, interventions (dose and dosing intervals) and assessed outcomes."	( Alternating antipyretics in the treatment of fever in children: a systematic review of randomized clinical trials. Dagostini, JM; Pereira, GL; Pizzol, Tda S, 2012)	0.38
" This was done to evaluate potential degradation and thereby biological conversion of the cyclodextrins if dosed orally, as the intestinal tract contains α-amylase for digestive purposes."	( In vitro investigations of α-amylase mediated hydrolysis of cyclodextrins in the presence of ibuprofen, flurbiprofen, or benzo[a]pyrene. Holm, R; Jørgensen, EB; Larsen, KL; Lumholdt, LR, 2012)	0.6
" In this paper we compared the pharmacokinetic and clinical profile of ibuprofen (at a dosage of from 800 mg/day to 1800 mg/day) administered in patients affected by severe knee OA."	( Characteristics and clinical implications of the pharmacokinetic profile of ibuprofen in patients with knee osteoarthritis. Corigliano, A; De Sarro, G; Falcone, D; Galasso, O; Gallelli, L; Gasparini, G; Longo, P; Palleria, C; Saccà, S; Savino, R; Southworth, SR; Terracciano, R; Urzino, A, 2012)	0.84
" placebo at 20 min post dosing (both studies)."	( Ibuprofen blood plasma levels and onset of analgesia. Mehlisch, DR; Sykes, J, 2013)	1.83
" However, ibuprofen has the advantage of less frequent dosing (every 6-8 h vs."	( Optimising the management of fever and pain in children. van den Anker, JN, 2013)	0.79
" First, a 400 mg (about 5 mg/kg) of racemic ibuprofen suppository; second (after a three week washout period) the same dosage of ibuprofen syrup."	( Oral versus rectal ibuprofen in healthy volunteers. Ben-Zvi, Z; Berkovitch, M; Jossifoff, A; Kozer, E; Vilenchik, R, 2012)	0.97
" Rectal ibuprofen reached therapeutic plasma concentration (>10 µg/ml) 45 minutes after dosing and remained in that range for four hours."	( Oral versus rectal ibuprofen in healthy volunteers. Ben-Zvi, Z; Berkovitch, M; Jossifoff, A; Kozer, E; Vilenchik, R, 2012)	1.14
" Therapeutic plasma concentrations of ibuprofen were reached 45 minutes after dosing and remained in that range for 4 hours."	( Oral versus rectal ibuprofen in healthy volunteers. Ben-Zvi, Z; Berkovitch, M; Jossifoff, A; Kozer, E; Vilenchik, R, 2012)	0.98
" Prostaglandin E(2) (PGE(2)) levels in whole body homogenates of males and ovaries of females decreased in a monotonic dose-response relationship whereas male 11-ketotestosterone levels and ovarian 17β-estradiol levels remained unchanged."	( Ibuprofen reduces zebrafish PGE(2) levels but steroid hormone levels and reproductive parameters are not affected. Bjerregaard, P; Lister, A; Morthorst, JE; Van Der Kraak, G, 2013)	1.83
" This study also shows that both agents have similar adverse effects and the choice of one agent over the other should be based on local availability and dosing preference."	( Effectiveness and safety of indomethacin versus ibuprofen for the treatment of patent ductus arteriosus in preterm infants. Bali, V; Harabor, A; Kamaluddeen, M; Sivanandan, S; Soraisham, AS, 2013)	0.65
" Target concentration approach by the evaluation of trough level may be applicable to real-time dosing strategy."	( The relationship between trough drug concentrations and ductal closure in preterm infants treated with three-dose-oral ibuprofen. Dilmen, U; Erdeve, O; Oncel, MY; Ozdemir, R; Yurttutan, S, 2013)	0.6
"03], showing a dose-response relationship."	( Preceding pain symptoms and Parkinson's disease: a nationwide population-based cohort study. Chang, HY; Chiang, YT; Lin, CH; Lin, HH; Wu, RM, 2013)	0.39
"A gastric-retentive formulation amenable to dosing in rodents has the potential to enable sustained release in a preclinical setting."	( Utility of gastric-retained alginate gels to modulate pharmacokinetic profiles in rats. Cornelius, G; Dixon, G; Fancher, RM; Ford, K; Foster, KA; Gudmundsson, OS; Hageman, MJ; Proszynski, M; Sun, H, 2013)	0.39
" We present the case of a previously healthy 3-year-old boy who developed severe chronic gastric outlet obstruction and antral stenosis after a short-term ingestion of liquid ibuprofen at a dosage not thought to be associated with unfavorable effects."	( Pneumatic pyloric dilatation for the treatment of gastric outlet obstruction in a child. Alvisi, P; Billi, P; Fascetti Leon, F; Gobbi, D; Lambertini, A; Lima, M, 2013)	0.58
" This study aimed to assess the health literacy skills of parents and caregivers of preschool-aged children, using a progressive scenario describing a child with fever and presenting tasks relating to selection of a medicine and hypothetical dosing of their child."	( Management of children's fever by parents and caregivers: Practical measurement of functional health literacy. Chaw, XY; Emmerton, L; Kairuz, T; Kelly, F; Marriott, J; Moles, R; Wheeler, A, 2014)	0.4
" The type of interaction between components was determined by isobolographic analysis or by analysis of the log dose-response curves for drug combination and drugs alone."	( Levetiracetam interacts synergistically with nonsteroidal analgesics and caffeine to produce antihyperalgesia in rats. Micov, AM; Stepanović-Petrović, RM; Tomić, MA, 2013)	0.39
"Drying is a common pharmaceutical process, whose potential to modify the final drug and/or dosage form properties is often underestimated."	( Microstructure of calcium stearate matrix pellets: a function of the drying process. Glasser, BJ; Kann, B; Khinast, J; Roblegg, E; Schrank, S; Windbergs, M; Zimmer, A, 2013)	0.39
" Future clinical trials should investigate this association with maximum dosage of drugs, increased treatment duration, and monitoring of social and environmental changes."	( NSAIDs are associated with lower depression scores in patients with osteoarthritis. Aneja, A; Farkouh, ME; Gandhi, S; Greenberg, J; Iyengar, RL; Mosovich, S; Razzouk, L; Thorpe, K, 2013)	0.39
" Chlorination was relatively not effective for the removal of micropollutants due to the lower chlorine dosage (2 mg L(-1)), lower contact time (1h), and already lower levels of micropollutants at the chlorination stage at WTP."	( Occurrence and removal of selected micropollutants in a water treatment plant. Jo, BI; Nam, SW; Yoon, Y; Zoh, KD, 2014)	0.4
"889 patients were randomised with computer generated random numbers in pre-prepared sealed numbered envelopes to components of advice or comparator advice: advice on analgesia (take paracetamol, ibuprofen, or both), dosing of analgesia (take as required v regularly), and steam inhalation (no inhalation v steam inhalation)."	( Ibuprofen, paracetamol, and steam for patients with respiratory tract infections in primary care: pragmatic randomised factorial trial. Kelly, J; Leydon, G; Little, P; McDermott, L; Moore, M; Mullee, M; Stuart, B; Williamson, I, 2013)	2.02
"Neither advice on dosing nor on steam inhalation was significantly associated with changes in outcomes."	( Ibuprofen, paracetamol, and steam for patients with respiratory tract infections in primary care: pragmatic randomised factorial trial. Kelly, J; Leydon, G; Little, P; McDermott, L; Moore, M; Mullee, M; Stuart, B; Williamson, I, 2013)	1.83
" This article reviews the pediatric drugs indicated for cough, cold, and allergic rhinitis, focusing on the utility of clinical pharmacology, safety, and efficacy data in determining the pediatric dosing regimen and the approaches taken for regulatory decision making."	( An overview of the pediatric medications for the symptomatic treatment of allergic rhinitis, cough, and cold. Fan, Y; Ji, P; Leonard-Segal, A; Sahajwalla, CG, 2013)	0.39
" Innovative new oral and intra-articular pharmaceutically engineered dosage forms are examined."	( What's new in NSAID pharmacotherapy: oral agents to injectables. Atkinson, TJ; Fudin, J; Jahn, HL; Kubotera, N; Rennick, AL; Rhorer, M, 2013)	0.39
" IBU solutions with and without propylene glycol (PG), polyethylene glycol 200 (PEG 200), and/or octisalate (OS) were dosed onto the forearm of participants."	( The effect of formulation excipients on the penetration and lateral diffusion of ibuprofen on and within the stratum corneum following topical application to humans. Finnin, BC; Gee, CM; Nicolazzo, JA; Watkinson, AC, 2014)	0.63
" Patients were assigned to receive either oral ibuprofen at a dosage of 10, 5, 5 mg/kg every 24 h or three doses of oral indomethacin (0."	( Comparison of oral ibuprofen with oral indomethacin for PDA closure in Indian preterm neonates: a randomized controlled trial. Agarwal, S; Anand, P; Dubey, NK; Dudeja, A; Maria, A; Yadav, DK; Yadav, S, 2014)	0.99
" When comparing all three groups, a statistically significant dose-response relationship was seen for present, average and worst pain intensity after 8 h and on the following morning."	( Dexamethasone for pain after outpatient shoulder surgery: a randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial. Bjørnholdt, KT; Mønsted, PN; Nikolajsen, L; Søballe, K, 2014)	0.4
"Although our data supported a dose-response relationship, increasing the dexamethasone dose from 8 to 40 mg did not improve analgesia significantly after outpatient shoulder surgery."	( Dexamethasone for pain after outpatient shoulder surgery: a randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial. Bjørnholdt, KT; Mønsted, PN; Nikolajsen, L; Søballe, K, 2014)	0.4
"We designed two Phase I studies that assessed healthy volunteers in order to evaluate the safety and to optimize the dosing of the combination of the drugs isosorbide dinitrate, a nitric oxide donor, and ibuprofen, a nonsteroidal antiinflammatory drug."	( Combined isosorbide dinitrate and ibuprofen as a novel therapy for muscular dystrophies: evidence from Phase I studies in healthy volunteers. Baldelli, S; Capetti, A; Cattaneo, D; Clementi, E; Cossu, MV; Cozzi, V; Fucile, S; Pellegrino, P, 2014)	0.87
" Despite being bioinequivalent in terms of PK, these lower doses were shown to be therapeutically equivalent to the higher doses because of the flat dose-response relationship of ibuprofen."	( Use of physiologically based pharmacokinetic models coupled with pharmacodynamic models to assess the clinical relevance of current bioequivalence criteria for generic drug products containing Ibuprofen. Cristofoletti, R; Dressman, JB, 2014)	0.78
" This study was designed for Ibuprofen (IBU)-loaded poly(L-lactide) (PLLA) electrospun fibrous membranes containing a low dosage of Ag to evaluate its potential in maintaining suitable anti-infection and good anti-adhesion effects."	( Silver nanoparticles/ibuprofen-loaded poly(L-lactide) fibrous membrane: anti-infection and anti-adhesion effects. Chen, S; Cui, W; Fan, C; Li, G; Liu, S; Wang, G; Wu, T; Zhao, X, 2014)	1.01
"Simple, accurate, and selective methods have been developed and validated for simultaneous determination of a ternary mixture of Chlorpheniramine maleate (CPM), Pseudoephedrine HCl (PSE) and Ibuprofen (IBF), in tablet dosage form."	( Evaluating the efficiency of spectral resolution of univariate methods manipulating ratio spectra and comparing to multivariate methods: an application to ternary mixture in common cold preparation. Ali, O; Hegazy, M; Moustafa, AA; Salem, H, 2015)	0.61
"Although drying is widely applied during the manufacturing of solid dosage forms, its potential effect on the product's (key) properties is often underestimated."	( The effect of the drying temperature on the properties of wet-extruded calcium stearate pellets: pellet microstructure, drug distribution, solid state and drug dissolution. Glasser, BJ; Hainschitz, M; Kann, B; Khinast, J; Roblegg, E; Saurugger, E; Schrank, S; Windbergs, M, 2015)	0.42
" Current dosing guidelines recommend that the drug be administered over 30 minutes."	( The shortened infusion time of intravenous ibuprofen part 1: a multicenter, open-label, surveillance trial to evaluate safety and efficacy. Ayad, SS; Bergese, SD; Candiotti, K; Gan, TJ; Soghomonyan, S, 2015)	0.68
"Pharmaceutical industry has been encountering antimicrobial activity of non-antibiotics during suitability tests carried out prior to routine pharmacopoeial microbiological purity analysis of finished dosage forms."	( Antimicrobial activity of ibuprofen: new perspectives on an "Old" non-antibiotic drug. Kos, B; Obad, J; Šušković, J, 2015)	0.72
" Effects of orally dosed standard analgesics on CRANE were examined 48 h following bilateral CFA injection."	( Complete Freund's adjuvant-induced reduction of exploratory activity in a novel environment as an objective nociceptive endpoint for sub-acute inflammatory pain model in rats. Bannon, AW; Joshi, SK; Zhu, CZ, 2015)	0.42
" The suggested method was validated according to ICH guidelines and successfully applied for the analysis of ibuprofen and famotidine in their pharmaceutical dosage forms without interference from any additives or excipients."	( Application of the ratio difference spectrophotometry to the determination of ibuprofen and famotidine in their combined dosage form: comparison with previously published spectrophotometric methods. Elzanfaly, ES; Salem, MY; Soudi, AT; Zaazaa, HE, 2015)	0.86
" Drug-CD complexation process is complex and often requires multiple processes to produce solid dosage form."	( Evaluation of various processes for simultaneous complexation and granulation to incorporate drug-cyclodextrin complexes into solid dosage forms. Betageri, GV; Gyanani, V; Siddalingappa, B, 2015)	0.42
"Combined paracetamol and ibuprofen has been shown to be more effective than either constituent alone for acute pain in adults, but the dose-response has not been confirmed."	( Combination paracetamol and ibuprofen for pain relief after oral surgery: a dose ranging study. Atkinson, HC; Bisley, E; Carson, S; Currie, J; Evans, S; Frampton, C; Moodie, J; Steenberg, LJ; Worthington, JP, 2015)	1.01
"Among their beneficial effects, non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs may also exert several side effects which depend on the dosage and the type of these medications."	( [Cardiovascular side effects of non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs in the light of recent recommendations. Diclofenac is not more dangerous]. Horváth, VJ; Koós, CG; Lakatos, P; Putz, Z; Szabó, G; Tabák, GÁ, 2015)	0.42
" Both methods were validated according to the ICH guidelines and applied for the determination of the two drugs in pure powder and combined dosage form without interference from the excipients."	( Development and validation of chromatographic methods for simultaneous determination of ibuprofen and famotidine in presence of related substances in pharmaceutical formulations. Elzanfaly, ES; Salem, MY; Soudi, AT; Zaazaa, HE, 2015)	0.64
" The purpose of this study was to develop a drug specific physiologically based pharmacokinetic model that will allow mechanistic interpretation of oral absorption from dosage forms exhibiting different in vitro and different in vivo performance (i."	( In vitro-in vivo-in silico approach in biopharmaceutical characterization of ibuprofen IR and SR tablets. Beloica, S; Bogataj, M; Cvijić, S; Parojčić, J, 2015)	0.65
" Furthermore, if such a drug candidate is intended for the therapy of a specific group of the population, such as geriatric or pediatric, the formulation challenge is even greater, with the need to produce a dosage form that is acceptable for specific patients."	( Electrospun polycaprolactone nanofibers as a potential oromucosal delivery system for poorly water-soluble drugs. Baumgartner, S; Kocbek, P; Kristl, J; Lavrič, Z; Planinšek, O; Potrč, T; Roškar, R, 2015)	0.42
" A general kinetic model for a microencapsulated structure as a mass transport system through the skin was applied: [Formula: see text] This model could predict the penetration profile of encapsulated substances through skin from biofunctional textiles as well as estimate the dosage profile of the active principle."	( Mass transport model through the skin by microencapsulation system. Alonso, C; Carreras, N; Lis, MJ; Martí, M, 2015)	0.42
"The use of OTC (over-the-counter) drugs containing Ibuprofen and Paracetamol in solid peroral dosage forms was researched."	( Use of selected OTC drugs: comparing Greece and the Czech Republic. Macešková, B; Pipinou, E, )	0.38
"This study investigates the effects of a variety of coating materials on the flowability and dissolution of dry-coated cohesive ibuprofen powders, with the ultimate aim to use these in oral dosage forms."	( Influence of coating material on the flowability and dissolution of dry-coated fine ibuprofen powders. Denman, JA; Hapgood, KP; Morton, DA; Qu, L; Stewart, PJ; Zhou, QT, 2015)	0.85
" However, it is unclear whether ibuprofen, within therapeutic dosing range, demonstrates GSM activity in humans."	( Modulation of Aβ42 in vivo by γ-secretase modulator in primates and humans. Galasko, DR; Golde, TE; Koo, EH; Ling, IF, 2015)	0.7
"Nanofibrous systems are attracting increasing interest as a means of drug delivery, although a significant limitation to this approach has been manufacture on a scale commensurate with dosage form production."	( Development and Characterization of Amorphous Nanofiber Drug Dispersions Prepared Using Pressurized Gyration. Craig, DQ; Davies, PJ; Edirisinghe, M; Mahalingam, S; Raimi-Abraham, BT, 2015)	0.42
"The present study was conducted to formulate controlled release dosage forms containing Ibuprofen with Eudragit® S 100 polymer."	( Parmacokinetic evaluation of ibuprofen controlled release matrix tablets using hydrophilic Eudragit® polymer and co-excipients. Bakhsh, S; Khan, BA; Khan, GM; Menaa, F, 2015)	0.93
" Also, impact of patch components on resulting tensile strength and in vitro permeation were used to predict an optimal patch formulation using a quality-by-design (QbD) approach, which was subsequently evaluated and further compared with a commercial oral tablet dosage form for in vitro and in vivo release (rabbit model)."	( Formulation and evaluation of anti-rheumatic dexibuprofen transdermal patches: a quality-by-design approach. Ahmad, Z; Akhlaq, M; Arshad, MS; Haj-Ahmad, R; Hussain, A; Kucuk, I; Mudassir, AM; Rasekh, M, 2016)	0.69
" Computer simulations of disease states can be employed to optimize drug release from dosage forms to overcome the reported shortfalls in the drug absorption."	( Disease specific modeling: Simulation of the pharmacokinetics of meloxicam and ibuprofen in disease state vs. healthy conditions. Aghazadeh-Habashi, A; Almukainzi, M; Jamali, F; Löbenberg, R, 2016)	0.66
"Since a unique matrix tablet formulation that independently controls the release of various drug types is in a great demand, the objective of this research was to develop a sustained release matrix tablet as a universal dosage form using a binary mixture of the salt forms of Eudragit polymers rather than their interpolyelectrolyte complexes."	( Novel Salted Anionic-Cationic Polymethacrylate Polymer Blends for Sustained Release of Acidic and Basic Drugs. Al-Jabery, A; Nokhodchi, A; Obeidat, WM; Qasim, D; Sallam, AS, 2017)	0.46
"001 for both); efficacy was sustained over each of the four 12-hour dosing intervals with ibuprofen."	( Analgesic Efficacy of a New Immediate-Release/Extended-Release Formulation of Ibuprofen: Results From Single- and Multiple-Dose Postsurgical Dental Pain Studies. Christensen, S; Daniels, S; Jayawardena, S; Meeves, S; Paluch, E, 2017)	0.9
" These data provide evidence for the read-across hypothesis, but suggest establishing a direct dose-response between internal plasma and PGEM is difficult, and would require significantly larger numbers of fish to overcome the inter-individual variation."	( Testing the "read-across hypothesis" by investigating the effects of ibuprofen on fish. Glennon, YC; Owen, SF; Panter, GH; Patel, A; Rand-Weaver, M; Sumpter, JP; Trollope, HT, 2016)	0.67
" Prescribing and dosing patterns in hospitalised children are not well known."	( Analgesic Drug Prescription Patterns on Five International Paediatric Wards. Botzenhardt, S; Neubert, A; Rashed, AN; Tomlin, S; Wong, IC, 2016)	0.43
" Dosing data were compared with local recommendations and WHO guidelines for children."	( Analgesic Drug Prescription Patterns on Five International Paediatric Wards. Botzenhardt, S; Neubert, A; Rashed, AN; Tomlin, S; Wong, IC, 2016)	0.43
"Pharmaceutical film dosage forms have recently become of interest to pharmaceutical formulation development, particularly for patients who experience difficulty in swallowing tablets or capsules."	( ATR-FTIR spectroscopic imaging to study the drying and dissolution of pharmaceutical polymer-based films. Ewing, AV; Hifumi, H; Kazarian, SG, 2016)	0.43
" After dosing of R-IB, AA had minimal effect on the elimination of R-IB from the perfusate."	( Stereoselective hepatic disposition of ibuprofen in the perfused liver of rat with adjuvant-induced arthritis. Iwaki, M; Kawase, A; Uraki, M, 2017)	0.72
" The proposed method was successfully applied to the analysis of these drugs in dosage forms."	( Bioanalytical method for the estimation of co-administered esomeprazole, leflunomide and ibuprofen in human plasma and in pharmaceutical dosage forms using micellar liquid chromatography. Talaat, W, 2017)	0.68
" Across both multiple regression approaches, two tablets at first dosing were more effective than one and (except for ibuprofen-sensitive symptoms) starting treatment later than day 2 of the cold was generally less effective."	( Factors associated with efficacy of an ibuprofen/pseudoephedrine combination drug in pharmacy customers with common cold symptoms. Gräter, H; Klimek, L; Michel, MC; Mueck, T; Schumacher, H; Schütt, T, 2017)	0.93
" Study participants were randomised to one of the three treatment groups as well as two dosing groups (regular versus as required) and two steam inhalation groups (steam versus no steam)."	( Paracetamol (acetaminophen) or non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, alone or combined, for pain relief in acute otitis media in children. Damoiseaux, RA; Hay, AD; Little, P; Schilder, AG; Sjoukes, A; van de Pol, AC; Venekamp, RP, 2016)	0.43
"001); in a greater reduction in change from baseline temperature compared to treatment with acetaminophen, and it reduced fever throughout a 24 h dosing period."	( A multicenter, randomized, open-label, active-comparator trial to determine the efficacy, safety, and pharmacokinetics of intravenous ibuprofen for treatment of fever in hospitalized pediatric patients. Chumpitazi, CE; Hahn, BJ; Kaelin, BA; Khalil, SN; Macias, CG; Rock, AD, 2017)	0.66
" This concept is based on a calcium carboxymethyl-starch (CaCMS) complex as a novel, low-cost excipient for monolithic dosage forms easy to manufacture by direct compaction."	( Two release rates from monolithic carboxymethyl starch tablets: formulation, characterization, and in vitro/in vivo evaluation. Le, TC; Mateescu, MA, 2017)	0.46
" All four participating neonatal ICU had a comparable number of preterm infants; however, differences were observed in the incidence of treatment (33-63%), choice and dosing of medication (ibuprofen or indomethacin), number of pharmacological courses (1-4), and the need for surgical ligation after failure of pharmacological treatment (8-52%)."	( Using benchmarking to identify inter-centre differences in persistent ductus arteriosus treatment: can we improve outcome? Andriessen, P; de Boode, WP; de Vries, WB; Dijkman, KP; Jansen, EJS; van Lingen, RA; Vijlbrief, DC, 2017)	0.65
" Timing, choice of medication, and dosing are probably important determinants for successful patent ductus arteriosus closure."	( Using benchmarking to identify inter-centre differences in persistent ductus arteriosus treatment: can we improve outcome? Andriessen, P; de Boode, WP; de Vries, WB; Dijkman, KP; Jansen, EJS; van Lingen, RA; Vijlbrief, DC, 2017)	0.46
" Dosage variances and route of temperature measurement ranged between studies, limiting the comparability of studies."	( Effectiveness of paracetamol versus ibuprofen administration in febrile children: A systematic literature review. Cooper, S; Innes, K; Morphet, J; Narayan, K, 2017)	0.73
"The aim of this study was to prepare and optimize a novel type of in situ gel-forming solid dosage form (gfSDF) to be used in the treatment of mucosal/skin ulcerations."	( Novel in situ gel-forming solid dosage form (gfSDF) prepared by the simple syringe-based moulding: A screening study. Cavallari, C; di Cagno, MP; Falavigna, M; Luppi, B; Pini, A; Škalko-Basnet, N, 2017)	0.46
" Outcomes included the percentage of participants who exhibited correct or acceptable product use for the primary endpoint (not exceeding 1,200 mg/day > 2 times during the study) or secondary endpoint (not exceeding 400 mg/dose > 2 times during the study) and adherence to the labeled dosing interval of 6 - 8 hours."	( Actual use of and adherence to ibuprofen 400 mg tablet dosing instructions in a simulated OTC environment . Leyva, R; Meeves, S; Richardson, C; Savastano, DM; Wilson, B, 2017)	0.74
"1%) regarding the number of tablets taken per dosing occasion."	( Actual use of and adherence to ibuprofen 400 mg tablet dosing instructions in a simulated OTC environment . Leyva, R; Meeves, S; Richardson, C; Savastano, DM; Wilson, B, 2017)	0.74
" Although there are extensive data on its efficacy and safety in children and adults, there are divergent dosing recommendations for analgesia and treatment of fever in infants, especially in the age group between 3 and 6 months of age."	( Efficacy and Safety of Ibuprofen in Infants Aged Between 3 and 6 Months. Erb, TO; van den Anker, JN; Ziesenitz, VC; Zutter, A, 2017)	0.77
"Drug distribution within its carrier in a solid dosage form often generates a profound influence on its release profile, particularly when the physicochemical properties of the carrier are exploited to manipulate drug release behavior."	( Influence of the drug distribution in electrospun gliadin fibers on drug-release behavior. Li, JJ; Wang, X; Williams, GR; Xu, Y; Yang, JH; Yu, DG, 2017)	0.46
" Some oral dosage forms containing ibuprofen, a molecule that shows pH-dependent solubility, are tested."	( Influence of Dissolution Media and Presence of Alcohol on the In Vitro Performance of Pharmaceutical Products Containing an Insoluble Drug. Bruni, G; Conte, U; Friuli, V; Maggi, L; Musitelli, G, 2018)	0.76
"The contemporary work describes a rapid and cost effective reversed phase High Performance Liquid Chromatography (RP-HPLC) method for the quantification of Captopril, Lisinopril and Dexibuprofen (DXP) simultaneously in dosage formulations, active pharmaceutical ingredients and human serum."	( Simultaneous determination of ACE inhibitors and dexibuprofen in active pharmaceutical ingredient, formulations and human serum by RP-HPLC. Naveed, S; Qamar, F; Sana, A; Shakeel, S, 2017)	0.9
"The aim of this study was to compare the efficacy and safety of a new oromucosal ibuprofen form, ibuprofen 25 mg lozenge, in single and repeat dosing for up to 4 days, to the matched placebo, in the treatment of acute sore throat pain in adults."	( Pain relief of sore throat with a new anti-inflammatory throat lozenge, ibuprofen 25 mg: A randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled, international phase III study. Bouroubi, A; Donath, F; Donazzolo, Y; Eccles, R; Gautier, S; Harambillet, N; Montagne, A; Russo, M, 2017)	0.91
" The primary efficacy end-point was the time-weighted TOTal PAin Relief (TOTPAR) over 2 hours after first dosing using the Sore Throat Relief Scale (STRS)."	( Pain relief of sore throat with a new anti-inflammatory throat lozenge, ibuprofen 25 mg: A randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled, international phase III study. Bouroubi, A; Donath, F; Donazzolo, Y; Eccles, R; Gautier, S; Harambillet, N; Montagne, A; Russo, M, 2017)	0.69
"Ibuprofen 25 mg was superior to placebo on numerous pain relief parameters; TOTPAR was significantly higher with ibuprofen 25 mg over 2 hours after first dosing (P<."	( Pain relief of sore throat with a new anti-inflammatory throat lozenge, ibuprofen 25 mg: A randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled, international phase III study. Bouroubi, A; Donath, F; Donazzolo, Y; Eccles, R; Gautier, S; Harambillet, N; Montagne, A; Russo, M, 2017)	2.13
"Low-dose ibuprofen 25 mg lozenge in repeat dosing provides in adults more efficacious and rapid relief of sore throat pain and is as well tolerated as placebo."	( Pain relief of sore throat with a new anti-inflammatory throat lozenge, ibuprofen 25 mg: A randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled, international phase III study. Bouroubi, A; Donath, F; Donazzolo, Y; Eccles, R; Gautier, S; Harambillet, N; Montagne, A; Russo, M, 2017)	1.1
" A satisfactory in vitro/in vivo correlation could be obtained by using hydrogel as the dosage form."	( [Evaluation of pharmacokinetics and in vitro/in vivo correlation of ibuprofen with essential oils as penetration enhancer following transdermal administration]. Chen, J; Duan, JA; Jiang, QD; Liu, P; Wu, YM; Zhang, H, 2016)	0.67
"This study demonstrates continuous enantiomeric inversion and further biotransformation of chiral profens including ibuprofen, naproxen and ketoprofen by an enzymatic membrane bioreactor (EMBR) dosed with laccase."	( Continuous transformation of chiral pharmaceuticals in enzymatic membrane bioreactors for advanced wastewater treatment. Hai, FI; Khan, SJ; McDonald, JA; Nghiem, LD; Nguyen, LN; Price, WE, 2017)	0.66
" This drug is poorly soluble in aqueous media and thus the rate of dissolution from the currently available solid dosage forms is limited."	( Formulation and delivery strategies of ibuprofen: challenges and opportunities. Afrose, A; Irvine, J; Islam, N, 2018)	0.75
" Additional studies are needed to assess the relationship between caffeine dosing and clinical benefits in patients with TTH and migraine."	( Caffeine in the management of patients with headache. Diener, HC; Garas, SY; Lipton, RB; Patel, K; Robbins, MS, 2017)	0.46
" Further research to assess adverse events and other dosing may be warranted."	( Effect of a Single Dose of Oral Opioid and Nonopioid Analgesics on Acute Extremity Pain in the Emergency Department: A Randomized Clinical Trial. Baer, J; Barnaby, DP; Bijur, PE; Chang, AK; Esses, D, 2017)	0.46
" Interventions included celecoxib at a dosage of 100-200 mg twice daily, ibuprofen at a dosage of 600-800 mg 3 times daily, or naproxen at a dosage of 375-500 mg twice daily."	( Differences in Safety of Nonsteroidal Antiinflammatory Drugs in Patients With Osteoarthritis and Patients With Rheumatoid Arthritis: A Randomized Clinical Trial. Bao, W; Berger, MF; Borer, JS; Graham, DY; Husni, ME; Libby, P; Lincoff, AM; Lüscher, TF; Menon, V; Nissen, SE; Solomon, DH; Wang, Q; Wisniewski, LM; Wolski, KE; Yeomans, ND, 2018)	0.71
" We determined prevalence of NSAID dosing exceeding the daily limit (EDL) and identified related user characteristics and dosing patterns among current ibuprofen users."	( Exceeding the daily dosing limit of nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs among ibuprofen users. Battista, DR; Kaufman, DW; Kelly, JP; Malone, MK; Shiffman, S; Weinstein, RB, 2018)	0.91
" Deviations from dosing directions were programmatically determined afterwards."	( Exceeding the daily dosing limit of nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs among ibuprofen users. Battista, DR; Kaufman, DW; Kelly, JP; Malone, MK; Shiffman, S; Weinstein, RB, 2018)	0.71
" EDL was associated with deviations from detailed dosing directions, particularly exceeding the 1-time dose, which occurred more often with medications with 1-pill doses."	( Exceeding the daily dosing limit of nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs among ibuprofen users. Battista, DR; Kaufman, DW; Kelly, JP; Malone, MK; Shiffman, S; Weinstein, RB, 2018)	0.71
" Educating consumers about NSAIDs and their dosing directions could reduce excess dosing."	( Exceeding the daily dosing limit of nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs among ibuprofen users. Battista, DR; Kaufman, DW; Kelly, JP; Malone, MK; Shiffman, S; Weinstein, RB, 2018)	0.71
" Multiple-unit pellet systems (MUPS) are dosage forms consisting of pellets compressed into tablets or loaded into hard gelatin capsules."	( Development of multiple-unit pellet system tablets by employing the SeDeM expert diagram system II: pellets containing different active pharmaceutical ingredients. Hamman, H; Hamman, J; Scholtz, J; Steenekamp, J; Wessels, A, 2019)	0.51
"At delivery, we randomized women with preeclampsia with severe features to receive around-the-clock oral dosing with either 600 mg of ibuprofen or 650 mg of acetaminophen every 6 hours."	( Effect of ibuprofen vs acetaminophen on postpartum hypertension in preeclampsia with severe features: a double-masked, randomized controlled trial. Blue, NR; Drake-Lavelle, S; Holbrook, BD; Katukuri, VR; Leeman, L; Mozurkewich, EL; Murray-Krezan, C; Weinberg, D, 2018)	1.09
" Male Sprague-Dawley rats were dosed intracolonically via the rectum, using sodium caprate or ibuprofen as tool compounds to alter barrier integrity."	( Translational safety biomarkers of colonic barrier integrity in the rat. Bueters, R; Cuyckens, F; Erkens, T; Goeminne, N; Lammens, L; van Heerden, M; Vreeken, R, 2018)	0.7
"A simple method to rapidly customize and to also mass produce oral dosage forms is arguably a current bottleneck in the development of modern personalized medicine."	( Three-Dimensional Electrohydrodynamic Printing and Spinning of Flexible Composite Structures for Oral Multidrug Forms. Chang, MW; Li, JS; Mai, J; Wu, S, 2018)	0.48
" Finally, the ibuprofen and propofol prodrugs were tested for absorption in rats: following oral dosing the intact prodrugs and free ibuprofen were measured in the plasma."	( Thiodipeptides targeting the intestinal oligopeptide transporter as a general approach to improving oral drug delivery. Bailey, PD; Foley, DW; Meredith, D; Pathak, RB; Phillips, TR; Pieri, M; Senan, A; Wilson, GL, 2018)	0.84
" We aimed to propose an improved dosing regimen, based on all current knowledge."	( Simulation-based suggestions to improve ibuprofen dosing for patent ductus arteriosus in preterm newborns. Allegaert, K; Burger, DM; de Klerk, JCA; Flint, RB; Knibbe, CAJ; Simons, SHP; Spaans, E; Ter Heine, R, 2018)	0.75
" (R)- and (S)-ibuprofen plasma concentration-time profiles of different dosing regimens were simulated using a population pharmacokinetic model and evaluated to obtain a safe, yet likely more efficacious ibuprofen exposure."	( Simulation-based suggestions to improve ibuprofen dosing for patent ductus arteriosus in preterm newborns. Allegaert, K; Burger, DM; de Klerk, JCA; Flint, RB; Knibbe, CAJ; Simons, SHP; Spaans, E; Ter Heine, R, 2018)	1.11
"We propose to improve intermittent ibuprofen-dosing regimens by starting with a high first dose followed by a twice-daily maintenance dosing regimen that requires increase over time and should be continued until sufficient effect has been achieved."	( Simulation-based suggestions to improve ibuprofen dosing for patent ductus arteriosus in preterm newborns. Allegaert, K; Burger, DM; de Klerk, JCA; Flint, RB; Knibbe, CAJ; Simons, SHP; Spaans, E; Ter Heine, R, 2018)	1.03
" The drug release tests showed that the CMC capsulated Cu-MOF@IBU nanocomposite hydrogel bead (CMC/Cu-MOF@IBU) has a better protection against stomach pH and extended the stability of drug dosing indeed it provides a controlled release in the gastrointestinal tract conditions."	( Carboxymethylcellulose capsulated Cu-based metal-organic framework-drug nanohybrid as a pH-sensitive nanocomposite for ibuprofen oral delivery. Hashemi, H; Javanbakht, S; Namazi, H; Pooresmaeil, M, 2018)	0.69
"We suggest that the pre-emptive use of iv ibuprofen at a dosage of 800 mg 30 min before septorhinoplasty will be beneficial in reducing opioid consumption and pain scores."	( Does a single-dose preemptive intravenous ibuprofen have an effect on postoperative pain relief after septorhinoplasty? Can, A; Gozeler, MS; Ince, I; Kilic, K; Ozmen, O; Sakat, MS, )	0.66
" The method of ibuprofen (IBU) intercalation into LDHs may modify its release, reduce adverse effects and decrease the required dosing frequency."	( Ibuprofen intercalation and release from different layered double hydroxides. Gaskell, EE; Ha, T; Hamilton, AR, 2018)	2.28
" In future perspectives, these nanocrystals could be converted to solid dosage form and the process can be industrialized by chemical engineering approach."	( Fabrication and characterization of dexibuprofen nanocrystals using microchannel fluidic rector. Bashir, S; Isreb, M; Khan, J; Khan, MA; Mohammad, MA, 2018)	0.75
"Co-amorphous mixtures have rarely been formulated as oral dosage forms, even though they have been shown to stabilize amorphous drugs in the solid state and enhance the dissolution properties of poorly soluble drugs."	( Preparation and characterization of multi-component tablets containing co-amorphous salts: Combining multimodal non-linear optical imaging with established analytical methods. Korhonen, O; Laitinen, R; Ojarinta, R; Saarinen, J; Strachan, CJ, 2018)	0.48
" An important step in such an integrated end-to-end continuous manufacturing was envisioned by dosing the API as suspension into a twin-screw wet granulation process."	( Simplified end-to-end continuous manufacturing by feeding API suspensions in twin-screw wet granulation. de Waard, H; Kleinebudde, P; Krumme, M; Moll, KP; Schmidt, A, 2018)	0.48
"A convenience sample of caregivers in Australia and New Zealand, who had purchased Nurofen® for Children, completed an online survey assessing their knowledge of product information and dosage instructions available on/in the product packaging."	( What do Australian & New Zealand caregivers know about children's ibuprofen? The results of an online survey? Burns, P; Crowther, S; Dixon, R; Moselen, E; Mullan, J; Weston, K, 2018)	0.72
" Most respondents had a good understanding about the correct dosage to give children based on their weight and/or age, but many lacked a good understanding about the correct interval between doses and the maximum number of daily doses."	( What do Australian & New Zealand caregivers know about children's ibuprofen? The results of an online survey? Burns, P; Crowther, S; Dixon, R; Moselen, E; Mullan, J; Weston, K, 2018)	0.72
"The shallow dose-response relationship and good tolerability of the fixed-dose combination over an extended study period supports the utility of both doses of the fixed-dose combination in the home setting."	( Analgesic effectiveness, pharmacokinetics, and safety of a paracetamol/ibuprofen fixed-dose combination in children undergoing adenotonsillectomy: A randomized, single-blind, parallel group trial. Anderson, BJ; Atkinson, HC; Frampton, C; Playne, R; Stanescu, I, 2018)	0.71
" The purpose of this study was to examine opioid use in the pediatric fracture population by determining and comparing the average hospital opioid dosage utilized in the operative pediatric elbow and femur fractures and determining and comparing the average dose prescribed following operative treatment of elbow and femur fractures."	( Opioid Use Following Operatively Treated Pediatric Elbow and Femur Fractures. Krucylak, P; Meyer, ZI; Miller, ML; Mo, M; Wall, LB, 2019)	0.51
" Although promising, acetaminophen treatment requires further studies regarding long-term safety as well as ideal dosing and route of administration."	( Pharmacotherapy for patent ductus arteriosus closure. Ferguson, JM, 2019)	0.51
" Several categories of drugs that commonly require dosage changes include antihistamines, histamine-2 receptor antagonists, oral decongestants, codeine, and a few gastrointestinal drugs."	( Over-the-Counter Drugs to Avoid in Older Adults with Kidney Impairment. Hess, C; Linnebur, SA; Rhyne, DN; Valdez, CA, )	0.13
" Data suggesting that conditions associated with chronic liver damage reduce the dosing threshold for induction of liver failure are of particular concern."	( Symptomatic treatment of dengue: should the NSAID contraindication be reconsidered? Fernandes, L; Kellstein, D, 2019)	0.51
" The aim of the present work was to explore an alternative approach, based on the concept of pre-formulated placebo tablets containing mesoporous silica particles capable of absorbing APIs in the form of solutions, which can be precisely dosed at arbitrarily low quantities."	( Manufacturing of Multi-drug Formulations with Customised Dose by Solvent Impregnation of Mesoporous Silica Tablets. Akhlasová, S; Kovačík, P; Šoltys, M; Štěpánek, F; Zadražil, A, 2019)	0.51
" The relatively high consistency and reproducibility of two analgesics at doses known to be effective in treating clinically relevant pain supports the validity of using this pain test battery to investigate the analgesic activity and determine the active dosage of putative analgesic compounds in early clinical development."	( Reproducibility of a battery of human evoked pain models to detect pharmacological effects of analgesic drugs. Butt, RP; Denney, WS; Dua, P; Groeneveld, GJ; Hay, JL; Okkerse, P; Siebenga, PS; van Amerongen, G, 2019)	0.51
"A rapid and portable analytical methodology has been developed for ibuprofen (IBU) quantification in commercial dosage tablets using a spectrometric smartphone-based system."	( Spectrometric Smartphone-Based System for Ibuprofen Quantification in Commercial Dosage Tablets. Aguirre, MÁ; Cunningham, BT; Long, KD, 2019)	1.01
"Two chromatographic methods (high performance thin layer chromatography (HPTLC) and high performance liquid chromatography-diode array detector (HPLC-DAD)), were addressed for the analysis of a mixture consisted of phenylephrine hydrochloride and ibuprofen in two forms bulk and their combined dosage form."	( Determination of Ibuprofen and Phenylephrine in Tablets by High-Performance Thin Layer Chromatography and in Plasma by High-Performance Liquid Chromatography with Diode Array Detection. Abdel-Hay, MH; Ahmed, HM; Mohyeldin, SM; Ragab, MAA, 2019)	1.03
" We unexpectedly discover a new class of aggregating ligands that exhibit negligible interactions with proteins but act as competitive sinks for the free inhibitor, resulting in bell-shaped dose-response curves."	( Mechanisms of Specific versus Nonspecific Interactions of Aggregation-Prone Inhibitors and Attenuators. Ahmed, R; Boulton, S; Cheng, X; Melacini, G; Selvaratnam, R; Van, K, 2019)	0.51
" Most studies have been done for solid dosage forms, with very little attention paid to parenterals."	( Solubilization of ibuprofen for freeze dried parenteral dosage forms. Gašperlin, M; Plavec, J; Preskar, M; Šket, P; Vrbanec, T; Vrečer, F, 2019)	0.85
" High dosage ibuprofen was associated with a faster clinical improvement and higher rate of PDA closure."	( Oral ibuprofen is superior to oral paracetamol for patent ductus arteriosus in very low and extremely low birth weight infants. Chen, C; Li, Q; Li, Z; Lu, J; Zhu, L, 2019)	1.4
" This lack of maturation understanding limits dosing recommendations from premature neonates to adulthood."	( A target concentration strategy to determine ibuprofen dosing in children. Anderson, BJ; Hannam, JA, 2019)	0.77
" Clearance informed dosing predictions in all ages (premature neonate to adult) and matched those doses in common use in children older than 3 months."	( A target concentration strategy to determine ibuprofen dosing in children. Anderson, BJ; Hannam, JA, 2019)	0.77
"While the developed preterm model for the prediction of PK behaviour in preterm patients is not intended to replace clinical studies, it can potentially help with deciding on first-time dosing in this population and study design in the absence of clinical data."	( Preterm Physiologically Based Pharmacokinetic Model. Part II: Applications of the Model to Predict Drug Pharmacokinetics in the Preterm Population. Abduljalil, K; Jamei, M; Johnson, TN; Pan, X; Pansari, A, 2020)	0.56
"Frogs have permeable skin, so transdermal delivery provides a practical alternative to traditional dosing routes."	( Percutaneous absorption between frog species: Variability in skin may influence delivery of therapeutics. Berger, L; Glass, BD; Llewelyn, VK, 2020)	0.56
"Mini-tablets are an age appropriate dosage form for oral administration to pediatric and geriatric patients, either as individual mini-tablets or as composite dosage units."	( Decoding the small size challenges of mini-tablets for enhanced dose flexibility and micro-dosing. Agarwal, A; Aycinena, JA; Bowen, W; Karki, S; Li, J; Meruva, S; Mitra, B; Patel, J; Patel, K; Thool, P, 2020)	0.56
"1- fold higher ex vivo corneal permeation than their respective conventional aqueous solution dosage forms."	( Optimization of the Interaction between Diclofenac and Ibuprofen with Benzalkonium Chloride to Prepare Ocular Nanosuspension. Ahuja, M; Kumar, T; Tak, D, 2019)	0.76
"The optimized nanosuspension formulations of diclofenac and ibuprofen were found to be physically stable and microbiologically safe with greater corneal penetration than the conventional solution dosage forms."	( Optimization of the Interaction between Diclofenac and Ibuprofen with Benzalkonium Chloride to Prepare Ocular Nanosuspension. Ahuja, M; Kumar, T; Tak, D, 2019)	1
" The assays were carried out in a pilot AS reactor operating for two-weeks under continuous dosage of pollutants."	( Enzyme response of activated sludge to a mixture of emerging contaminants in continuous exposure. Amariei, G; Boltes, K; Leton, P; Rosal, R, 2020)	0.56
" Results The scheduled dosing group was found to have a statistically significant decrease in pain scores at all time intervals."	( The effect of a scheduled regimen of acetaminophen and ibuprofen on opioid use following cesarean delivery. Chappelle, J; Poljak, D, 2020)	0.81
" We sought to evaluate the effectiveness and safety of over the counter dosing of ibuprofen on pain and bleeding rates following ESS."	( Effect of Over the Counter Ibuprofen Dosing after Sinus Surgery for Chronic Rhinosinusitis: A Prospective Cohort Pilot Study. Davis, GE; Humphreys, IM; Miller, C, 2020)	1.08
"Over the counter dosing of ibuprofen along with acetaminophen may yield better pain control after sinus surgery compared to acetaminophen alone."	( Effect of Over the Counter Ibuprofen Dosing after Sinus Surgery for Chronic Rhinosinusitis: A Prospective Cohort Pilot Study. Davis, GE; Humphreys, IM; Miller, C, 2020)	1.15
"A concise spherical granulation method is required to prepare extemporaneously granules remanufactured from oral dosage forms for administration to individuals who cannot swallow tablets or capsules."	( Small-Scale Spherical Granulation Using a Planetary Centrifugal Mixer. Eda, T; Kagawa, Y; Miyazaki, Y; Uchino, T, 2020)	0.56
"The aim of the current study was the development of pediatric-friendly 3D printed chocolate-based oral dosage forms."	( Pediatric-friendly chocolate-based dosage forms for the oral administration of both hydrophilic and lipophilic drugs fabricated with extrusion-based 3D printing. Fatouros, DG; Gkaragkounis, A; Karavasili, C; Moschakis, T; Ritzoulis, C, 2020)	0.56
" The objective of this study was to develop a tunable extruded 3D printing platform based on thermo-sensitive gelatin pastes to meet the needs of achieving different drug release characteristics with flexible dosing and design."	( A tunable extruded 3D printing platform using thermo-sensitive pastes. Ivone, R; Lin, X; Shen, J; Wang, X; Xie, L; Yang, G; Yang, Y, 2020)	0.56
" With their unique properties and advantages, the technology offers improved patient compliance and wider acceptability, eliminates the fear of choking, enables ease of administration and offers dosing convenience, without the requirement of water."	( A Novel Technique to Improve Drug Loading Capacity of Fast/Extended Release Orally Dissolving Films with Potential for Paediatric and Geriatric Drug Delivery. Alyami, H; Dahmash, EZ; Iyire, A; Ouda, GI, 2020)	0.56
" UV imaging has proven to be very versatile in the area of pharmaceutics giving insights into various phenomena including the dissolution behaviour of dosage forms, intrinsic dissolution rates and the drug precipitation processes."	( Design and development of a novel fused filament fabrication (FFF) 3D printed diffusion cell with UV imaging capabilities to characterise permeation in pharmaceutical formulations. Asare-Addo, K; Blunt, L; Fazili, Z; Walton, K; Ward, A, 2020)	0.56
" Notably, slow addition of any of the four therapeutics to cultured macrophages, mimicking the slowly increasing plasma concentration reported for standard oral dosage in patients, yielded no detectable change in pseudopod morphology."	( Rapid exposure of macrophages to drugs resolves four classes of effects on the leading edge sensory pseudopod: Non-perturbing, adaptive, disruptive, and activating. Buckles, TC; Djukovic, D; Falke, JJ; Ziemba, BP, 2020)	0.56
"Preclinical evaluation of modern oral dosage forms requires more advanced in vitro devices as the trend of selecting low solubility, high permeability compounds for commercial development continues."	( Ultrathin, Large-Area Membrane Diffusion Cell for pH-Dependent Simultaneous Dissolution and Absorption Studies. Amidon, GE; Amidon, GL; Harris, S; Meyer, PJ; Salehi, N; Sinko, PD, 2020)	0.56
"In this Quality Improvement (QI project) it was hypothesized that an increase in dosing intervals for postoperative analgesia when alternating Ibuprofen and Acetaminophen would reduce post-tonsillectomy hemorrhage (PTH) rates for those undergoing tonsillectomies with or without adenoidectomy, while maintaining the standard of postoperative analgesia and reducing visits to the Emergency Room (ER) for reasons other than PTH."	( The Effect of Ibuprofen Dosing Interval on Post-Tonsillectomy Outcomes in Children: A Quality Improvement Study. Carr, MM; Henderson, K; Mast, G, 2020)	1.12
" Starting January of 2018 through November of 2018, the dosage interval was lengthened 1 hour."	( The Effect of Ibuprofen Dosing Interval on Post-Tonsillectomy Outcomes in Children: A Quality Improvement Study. Carr, MM; Henderson, K; Mast, G, 2020)	0.92
" Through this work, we have demonstrated that by the implementation of predictive thermodynamic modelling, HDASD formulation design can be integrated into the HME process design to ensure the desired quality of the final dosage form."	( The design and development of high drug loading amorphous solid dispersion for hot-melt extrusion platform. Andrews, GP; Jacobs, E; Jones, DS; McCoy, CP; Tian, Y; Wu, H, 2020)	0.56
"This study sought to determine whether a brief intervention at the time of emergency department (ED) discharge can improve safe dosing of liquid acetaminophen and ibuprofen by parents or guardians."	( Medication Education for Dosing Safety: A Randomized Controlled Trial. Camargo, CA; Cohen, A; Espinola, JA; Faridi, M; Hayes, BD; Naureckas Li, C; Porter, S; Samuels-Kalow, M, 2020)	0.75
" Families were randomized to standard care or a teaching intervention combining lay language, simplified handouts, provision of an unmarked dosing syringe, and teach-back to confirm correct dosing."	( Medication Education for Dosing Safety: A Randomized Controlled Trial. Camargo, CA; Cohen, A; Espinola, JA; Faridi, M; Hayes, BD; Naureckas Li, C; Porter, S; Samuels-Kalow, M, 2020)	0.56
"A multifaceted intervention at the time of ED discharge-consisting of a simplified dosing handout, a teaching session, teach-back, and provision of a standardized dosing device-can improve parents' knowledge of safe dosing of liquid medications at 48 to 72 hours."	( Medication Education for Dosing Safety: A Randomized Controlled Trial. Camargo, CA; Cohen, A; Espinola, JA; Faridi, M; Hayes, BD; Naureckas Li, C; Porter, S; Samuels-Kalow, M, 2020)	0.56
" Opioid outcomes calculated in morphine milligram equivalents per kilogram (MME/kg) per dosage and total prescribed."	( Pediatric Post-Tonsillectomy Opioid Prescribing Practices. Agamawi, YM; Brinkmeier, JV; Cass, LM; Mouzourakis, M; Pannu, JS, 2021)	0.62
" An optimized dose-response curve is then presented, introducing (±) amphetamine hydrochloride (0."	( A Molecularly Imprinted Polymer-based Dye Displacement Assay for the Rapid Visual Detection of Amphetamine in Urine. Arreguin-Campos, R; Caldara, M; Cleij, TJ; Diliën, H; Eersels, K; Heidt, B; Jimenez-Monroy, KL; Lowdon, JW; Rogosic, R; van Grinsven, B, 2020)	0.56
"The importance of physiologically based pharmacokinetic (PBPK) model refinement with data acquired in adults using a pediatric formulation under age-relevant dosing conditions in order to extrapolate drug exposure to infants was recently demonstrated for paracetamol."	( Factors Affecting Successful Extrapolation of Ibuprofen Exposure from Adults to Pediatric Populations After Oral Administration of a Pediatric Aqueous Suspension. Fotaki, N; Holm, R; Reppas, C; Statelova, M; Vertzoni, M, 2020)	0.82
" Initial dosing consisted of indomethacin, followed by ibuprofen in most cases."	( Effect of In Utero Non-Steroidal Anti-Inflammatory Drug Therapy for Severe Ebstein Anomaly or Tricuspid Valve Dysplasia (NSAID Therapy for Fetal Ebstein anomaly). Beroukhim, RS; Cumbermack, KM; Ferrer, Q; Freud, LR; Glickstein, JS; LaFranchi, T; Makhoul, M; Morris, SA; Pedra, SR; Phoon, CK; Sun, HY; Tworetzky, W; Wilkins-Haug, LE, 2021)	0.87
"AS (Aquasolv) Lignin produced via Liquid Hot Water Pretreatment and Enzymatic Hydrolysis has shown potential as an active pharmaceutical ingredient and/or excipient in solid dosage forms."	( Application of Aquasolv Lignin in ibuprofen-loaded pharmaceutical formulations obtained via direct compression and wet granulation. Gil-Chávez, J; Leopold, CS; Padhi, SSP; Smirnova, I, 2021)	0.9
" An improvement in mechanical properties for IBU-NIC cocrystals relative to IBU was previously reported but, to date, the formulation of IBU cocrystals in a solid dosage form has not been investigated."	( Development and characterization of ibuprofen co-crystals granules prepared via fluidized bed granulation in a one-step process - a design of experiment approach. Healy, AM; Todaro, V, 2021)	0.9
" An improvement in mechanical properties for IBU-NIC cocrystals relative to IBU was previously reported but, to date, the formulation of IBU cocrystals in a solid dosage form has not been investigated."	( Development and characterization of ibuprofen co-crystals granules prepared via fluidized bed granulation in a one-step process - a design of experiment approach. Healy, AM; Todaro, V, 2021)	0.9
" The frequency and dosage of the APIs result in increased side effects that further worsens the overall patient condition."	( Co-delivery of inhalable therapies: Controlling active ingredients spatial distribution and temporal release. Dos Reis, LG; Sencadas, V; Silva, DM; Tobin, MJ; Traini, D; Vongsvivut, J, 2021)	0.62
" However, increasing the dosage increases the oxidative stress."	( Early closure mechanisms of the ductus arteriosus in immature infants. Aikio, O; Hallman, M; Rozé, JC; Treluyer, JM, 2021)	0.62
" Dose-response analysis suggested that the association of ibuprofen with the risk of hospital-acquired AKI was dose-dependent."	( Association of Ibuprofen Prescription With Acute Kidney Injury Among Hospitalized Children in China. Cao, Y; Chen, R; Gao, Q; Li, Y; Luo, F; Nie, S; Su, L; Xu, R; Xu, X, 2021)	1.22
" In 53/191 cases (28%) the adverse events were related to a wrong dosage or prolonged therapy or errors in frequency of administration."	( Prescribing patterns, indications and adverse events of ibuprofen in children: results from a national survey among Italian pediatricians. Banderali, G; Ferrara, P; Martinelli, M; Quaglietta, L; Romano, C; Staiano, A, 2021)	0.87
" The aim of the study was to evaluate the taste masking effectiveness of Smartseal 30D and ReadyMix on a range of bitter drug substances such as diphenhydramine HCl (DPD), ibuprofen lysine (IBU-LS), and phenylephrine HCl (PPH) for the development of paediatric dosage forms."	( Comparative taste-masking evaluation of microencapsulated bitter drugs using Smartseal 30D and ReadyMix for paediatric dosage forms. Douroumis, D; Mithu, MSH; Muoka, LC; Nandi, U; Ross, SA, 2021)	0.82
"At physician-directed dosing (acetaminophen 15 mg/kg vs ibuprofen 10 mg/kg), no significant differences in antipyretic effects from 0‒6 h and between 0‒6, ‒12, ‒24, or ‒48 h, with single or multiple-doses, respectively, were observed."	( Acetaminophen and ibuprofen in the treatment of pediatric fever: a narrative review. Paul, IM; Walson, PD, 2021)	1.2
"Mucoadhesive buccal patch is a promising dosage form for a successful oral drug delivery, which provides unique advantages for various applications such as treatment of periodontal disease and postdental surgery disorders."	( Fabrication of multifunctional mucoadhesive buccal patch for drug delivery applications. Bahrami, SH; Bashari, A; Hemmatinejad, N; Rohani Shirvan, A, 2021)	0.62
" Orodispersible tablets are oral solid dosage forms which rapidly disintegrate after contact with saliva, leaving a liquid dispersion, which can be easily swallowed."	( Evaluation of two novel co-processed excipients for direct compression of orodispersible tablets and mini-tablets. Breitkreutz, J; Kokott, M; Lura, A; Wiedey, R, 2021)	0.62
" Since the rectus ibuprofen is a non-active pharmaceutical agent which can be partially bio-converted into the sinister enantiomer, the present work offers a new approach for scalemic mixtures preparation in order to improve the benefit/risk ratio related to ibuprofen solid dosage form administration."	( Scalemic mixtures preparation for optimized composition of ibuprofen solid dosage forms. Corvis, Y; Dembélé, O; Espeau, P; Guiblin, N; Marenco, I; Négrier, P, 2021)	1.2
" Paracetamol has a very flat analgesic dose-response profile."	( Analgesic effect of oral ibuprofen 400, 600, and 800 mg; paracetamol 500 and 1000 mg; and paracetamol 1000 mg plus 60 mg codeine in acute postoperative pain: a single-dose, randomized, placebo-controlled, and double-blind study. Lyngstad, G; Skjelbred, P; Skoglund, LA; Swanson, DM, 2021)	0.92
"Understanding drug miscibility in pharmaceutically relevant systems is essential for the development and optimisation of pharmaceutical dosage forms."	( The use of optical differential scanning calorimetry to investigate ibuprofen miscibility in polymeric films for topical drug delivery. Kerai-Varsani, L; Livecchi, L; McAuley, WJ, 2021)	0.86
" After culture, embryo morphological and developmental parameters were documented using standardized scoring systems at each dosage concentration."	( Assessment of embryo morphology following perinatal exposure to aspirin, ibuprofen and paracetamol using whole embryo culture system. Leung, BW; Leung, TY; Moungmaithong, S; Poon, LC; Sahota, DS; Wang, CC, 2022)	0.95
"Efficacy and rapid onset of postsurgical oral pain relief are critical to improve clinical outcomes and reduce the risk of excessive dosing with analgesic drugs."	( COMPARATIVE ANALGESIC EFFECTS OF SINGLE-DOSE PREOPERATIVE ADMINISTRATION OF PARACETAMOL (ACETAMINOPHEN) 500 mg PLUS CODEINE 30 mg AND IBUPROFEN 400 mg ON PAIN AFTER THIRD MOLAR SURGERY. Annibali, S; Cristalli, MP; La Monaca, G; Polimeni, A; Pompa, G; Pranno, N; Vozza, I, 2021)	0.82
" The optimum PS dosage used in this study was 60 mg/L."	( Ibuprofen degradation by a synergism of facet-controlled MIL-88B(Fe) and persulfate under simulated visible light. Fei, F; Lei, J; Liu, N; Quan, G; Shi, W; Tang, L; Wu, J; Zeng, S; Zhang, X, 2022)	2.16
" The remaining 6 % were dosing errors by parents or caregivers and involved liquid formulations as a rule."	( Characteristics of unintentional ingestion of oral non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs and analgesics in preschool children. Babić, Ž; Kordić, NB; Rešić, A; Turk, R, 2021)	0.62
"Modified Wenjing decoction combined with online publicity and education can obviously improve the clinical symptoms of the patients with primary dysmenorrhea of cold coagulation and blood stasis and reduce the dosage of analgesics."	( Effects of Modified Wenjing Decoction Combined with Online Publicity and Education on the Treatment of Primary Dysmenorrhea of Cold Coagulation and Blood Stasis. Gai, P; Li, J; Li, N, 2022)	0.72
" Furthermore, it explored the influence of pH, ozone dosing quantity, catalyst dosing quantity, different anions, and background of water quality conditions on the IBP degradation efficiency."	( [Degradation Characteristics and Mechanism of Ibuprofen by Ozone Catalyzed by Nitrogen-Doped Biochar]. Chai, C; Jin, PK; Jin, X; Shi, X; Wu, CX; Xu, L, 2022)	0.98
"69 mg/g) is achieved under an extremely low DHQU dosage (0."	( Efficient removal of mefenamic acid and ibuprofen on organo-Vts with a quinoline-containing gemini surfactant: Adsorption studies and model calculations. Ding, F; Gao, M; Han, T; Mao, S; Shen, T; Zhao, Q, 2022)	0.99
" The optimal removal for ozone dosing range was nitrate (9."	( Efficient removal of ibuprofen and ofloxacin pharmaceuticals using biofilm reactors for hospital wastewater treatment. Ahmed, S; Alam, SS; Ali, I; Bokhari, A; Farooqi, IH; Khan, AH; Khan, NA; Mubashir, M, 2022)	1.04
"The conventional dosage forms (tablets, capsules) of ibuprofen have less potential in the suppression of pain and inflammation due to their slow dissolution rates and lower bioavailability."	( Ibuprofen-loaded centrifugally spun microfibers for quick relief of inflammation in rats. Abbas, N; Ali, E; Arshad, MS; Hussain, A; Hussain, F; Mahmood, F; Mudassir, J; Nasir, S, 2021)	2.31
"In an effort to combine a child-friendly dosage form for medication administration in hospitalized pediatric patients and a user-friendly automated process for its preparation by health-care providers, the current study proposes a method for drug administration with breakfast using semi-solid extrusion 3D printing."	( Cereal-Based 3D Printed Dosage Forms for Drug Administration During Breakfast in Pediatric Patients within a Hospital Setting. Bouropoulos, N; Fatouros, DG; Karavasili, C; Lazaridou, A; Manousi, N; Moschakis, T; Zacharis, CK; Zgouro, P, 2022)	0.72
" The optimal dosing of ibuprofen is unclear, but a single dose of ibuprofen 1600 mg was shown to be effective, and it was less certain whether 800 mg was effective."	( Pain management for medical abortion before 14 weeks' gestation. Cameron, S; Morroni, C; Reynolds-Wright, JJ; Woldetsadik, MA, 2022)	1.03
"Acetaminophen is a popular, universally used, over-the-counter pain medication contained in more than 600 different products and available in a plethora of dosage forms."	( Acetaminophen: Is Too Much of a Good Thing Too Much? Donaldson, M; Goodchild, JH, 2022)	0.72
"In very preterm infants on significant respiratory support, low dose-short course intravenous paracetamol treatment was non-inferior to a conventional dosing regime of paracetamol for closure of hsPDA in the first week of postnatal age."	( Low dose paracetamol for management of patent ductus arteriosus in very preterm infants: a randomised non-inferiority trial. Balasubramanian, H; Bhalgat, P; Jain, V; Kabra, N; Mohan, D; Parikh, S; Sheth, K, 2023)	0.91
"Three-dimensional (3D) printing is becoming an attractive technology for the design and development of personalized paediatric dosage forms with improved palatability."	( Personalised paediatric chewable Ibuprofen tablets fabricated using 3D micro-extrusion printing technology. Alexander, B; Douroumis, D; Gong, Y; Hui, HW; Kumar, S; Nandi, U; Sanfo, K; Scoutaris, N; Tabriz, AG, 2022)	1
" The optimal dosing of ibuprofen is unclear, but a single dose of ibuprofen 1600mg was shown to be effective and it was less certain whether 800mg was effective."	( Pain management for medical abortion before 14 weeks' gestation: A systematic review. Cameron, ST; Morroni, C; Reynolds-Wright, JJ; Woldetsadik, MA, 2022)	1.03
"The fixed dose combination of ibuprofen and paracetamol provides faster and long-term anaesthesia with a comparatively lower dosage of each analgesic."	( [Clinical and pharmacological approaches to the choice of a drug for a tension-type headache relief]. Khaytovich, ED; Perkov, AV; Shikh, EV, 2021)	0.91
" Achievement of goal trough after implementing the vancomycin dosing regimen was based on the Practical Neonatology Medical Manual, published by the National Taiwan University College of Medicine."	( Reappraisal of therapeutic vancomycin trough concentrations with empirical dosing in neonatal infections. Hsieh, WS; Hung, YL; Kao, CL; Lee, TY; Shen, CM, 2023)	0.91
" The vancomycin regimen needs further validation and modification to provide adequate dosing for optimal use in neonates."	( Reappraisal of therapeutic vancomycin trough concentrations with empirical dosing in neonatal infections. Hsieh, WS; Hung, YL; Kao, CL; Lee, TY; Shen, CM, 2023)	0.91
" Each study differed in their method of dosing ibuprofen (weight-based, age-based and adjusted body weight dosing)."	( Ibuprofen efficacy, tolerability and safety in obese children: a systematic review. Gill, A; Hawcutt, DB; Huws, A; McWilliam, SJ; Shamsaee, E, 2023)	2.61
" This study explored whether higher concentrations of the biologically active S-enantiomer or increased R- to S-conversion following oral dosing could explain this finding."	( Oral Ibuprofen Is More Effective than Intravenous Ibuprofen for Closure of a Patent Ductus Arteriosus: Can Pharmacokinetic Modeling Help Us to Understand Why? Engbers, AGJ; Flint, RB; Knibbe, CAJ; Pfister, M; Samiee-Zafarghandy, S; Simons, SHP; Smit, C; van den Anker, JN; van Donge, T, 2023)	1.42
" Concentration-time profiles in typical neonates were explored and compared in different dosing or R- to S-conversion scenarios."	( Oral Ibuprofen Is More Effective than Intravenous Ibuprofen for Closure of a Patent Ductus Arteriosus: Can Pharmacokinetic Modeling Help Us to Understand Why? Engbers, AGJ; Flint, RB; Knibbe, CAJ; Pfister, M; Samiee-Zafarghandy, S; Simons, SHP; Smit, C; van den Anker, JN; van Donge, T, 2023)	1.42
" Upon oral dosing, S-ibuprofen concentrations were lower compared to IV ibuprofen for a large part of the dosing interval."	( Oral Ibuprofen Is More Effective than Intravenous Ibuprofen for Closure of a Patent Ductus Arteriosus: Can Pharmacokinetic Modeling Help Us to Understand Why? Engbers, AGJ; Flint, RB; Knibbe, CAJ; Pfister, M; Samiee-Zafarghandy, S; Simons, SHP; Smit, C; van den Anker, JN; van Donge, T, 2023)	1.74
" While a fraction of up to 45% presystemic R- to S-conversion could not be ruled out, the impact of such a low conversion might be only relevant for the standard but not high dosing regimens, considering reported exposure-response targets."	( Oral Ibuprofen Is More Effective than Intravenous Ibuprofen for Closure of a Patent Ductus Arteriosus: Can Pharmacokinetic Modeling Help Us to Understand Why? Engbers, AGJ; Flint, RB; Knibbe, CAJ; Pfister, M; Samiee-Zafarghandy, S; Simons, SHP; Smit, C; van den Anker, JN; van Donge, T, 2023)	1.42
" The first dosage of study medicines was given intravenously 30 minutes (min) before surgery ended, followed by six hours (h) intervals for a total of eight doses following surgery."	( Analgesic Efficacy of Intravenous Ibuprofen in the Treatment of Postoperative Acute Pain: A Phase III Multicenter Randomized Placebo-ControlledDouble-Blind Clinical Trial. Li, TT; Liu, F; Pi, Y; Wang, TH; Xiong, LL; Zhou, HS, 2023)	1.19
" Globally, the pharmacologic treatment of pain in pediatric patients is limited largely to nonopioid analgesics, and dosing must account for differences in age, weight, metabolism, and risk of adverse effects."	( Common Selfcare Indications of Pain Medications in Children. Bell, J; Kachroo, P; Mossali, VM; Siddiqui, K; Zempsky, W, 2023)	0.91
" Participants were provided with the children's ibuprofen package including the dosing cup, the infants' ibuprofen package including the infant dosing dropper, and a 5 mL syringe."	( Ibuprofen dosing measurement accuracy using infants' versus children's ibuprofen: a randomized crossover comparison. Chun, IKH; Fujiwara, AS; Leibovitch, ER; Villanueva, NC; Yamamoto, LG, 2023)	2.61
" Mean absolute dosing errors for all trials, including those who made no errors, were significantly higher for infants' ibuprofen compared to children's ibuprofen: 39 vs."	( Ibuprofen dosing measurement accuracy using infants' versus children's ibuprofen: a randomized crossover comparison. Chun, IKH; Fujiwara, AS; Leibovitch, ER; Villanueva, NC; Yamamoto, LG, 2023)	2.56
" This suggests that removing the infant form from consumer availability may help reduce dosing errors when administering ibuprofen to pediatric patients."	( Ibuprofen dosing measurement accuracy using infants' versus children's ibuprofen: a randomized crossover comparison. Chun, IKH; Fujiwara, AS; Leibovitch, ER; Villanueva, NC; Yamamoto, LG, 2023)	2.56
" A previous study found that 51% of patients under the age of 10 were inaccurately dosed with antipyretic medication, including ibuprofen, with an increased incidence in infants."	( Ibuprofen dosing measurement accuracy using infants' versus children's ibuprofen: a randomized crossover comparison. Chun, IKH; Fujiwara, AS; Leibovitch, ER; Villanueva, NC; Yamamoto, LG, 2023)	2.56
" In this study, we present the design and development of ibuprofen (IBU) chewable flavor-rich personalized dosage forms by using microextrusion for the processing of powdered blends."	( 3D Printed Flavor-Rich Chewable Pediatric Tablets Fabricated Using Microextrusion for Point of Care Applications. Boersen, N; Douroumis, D; Hui, HW; Jones, J; Roberts, S; Tabriz, AG, 2023)	1.16
" Biopredictive dissolution methodologies for oral dosage forms have been developed to understand in vivo performance, assist in formulation development/optimization, and forecast the outcome of bioequivalence studies by combining them with simulation tools to predict plasma profiles in humans."	( Harmonizing Biopredictive Methodologies Through the Product Quality Research Institute (PQRI) Part I: Biopredictive Dissolution of Ibuprofen and Dipyridamole Tablets. Ashworth, L; Bermejo, M; Cheng, J; Cicale, V; Dressman, J; Fushimi, M; Gonzalez-Alvarez, I; Guo, Y; Jankovsky, C; Lu, X; Matsui, K; Patel, S; Sanderson, N; Sun, CC; Thakral, NK; Tsume, Y; Yamane, M; Zöller, L, 2023)	1.11
" ECa 233 may be alternatively and safely used for treating chronic inflammatory TMD pain, showing an inverted U-shaped dose-response relationship with maximal effect at 100 mg/kg."	( Standardized Centella asiatica (ECa 233) extract decreased pain hypersensitivity development in a male mouse model of chronic inflammatory temporomandibular disorder. Care, C; Chindasri, W; Pakaprot, N; Rotpenpian, N; Tantisira, MH; Tapechum, S; Tilokskulchai, K; Vattarakorn, A; Wanasuntronwong, A, 2023)	0.91
" The suitability of the beagle as a preclinical model to understand pediatric drug product performance under different dosing conditions deserves further evaluation with a broader spectrum of drugs and drug products and comparisons with pediatric in vivo data."	( Usefulness of the Beagle Model in the Evaluation of Paracetamol and Ibuprofen Exposure after Oral Administration to Pediatric Populations: An Exploratory Study. Fotaki, N; Holm, R; Reppas, C; Statelova, M; Vertzoni, M, 2023)	1.15
" Furthermore, APOE ε4 dosage and genetic risk scores (GRS) of Alzheimer's disease calculated by 25 single nucleotide polymorphisms did not significantly modify the relationship of regular use of paracetamol and ibuprofen with new-onset all-cause dementia (Both P-interactions >0."	( Association of regular use of ibuprofen and paracetamol, genetic susceptibility, and new-onset dementia in the older population. He, P; Liu, M; Qin, X; Wu, Q; Yang, S; Ye, Z; Zhang, Y; Zhou, C, )	0.61
" In addition, this study provides effective evidence that the dosing scheme of intravenous ibuprofen in Chinese children can remain the same as the regimen that the original company (Caldolor®) provided."	( Comparison of intravenous ibuprofen pharmacokinetics between Caucasian and Chinese populations using physiologically based pharmacokinetics modeling and simulation. Di, X; Jin, Y; Qi, X; Wang, Z; Zhang, M; Zheng, L, 2023)	1.43
"The pharmaceutical industry involves handling of powders on a large scale for manufacturing of solid dosage forms such as tablets and capsules constituting about 85% of the dosage forms."	( Mitigation of Tribocharging in Pharmaceutical Powders using Surface Modified V-Blenders. Chaudhuri, B; Duran, T; Mastriani, T; Mehta, T; Mukherjee, R; Shah, A, 2023)	0.91