Page last updated: 2024-08-05 14:56:06
plant growth retardant
null
ChEBI ID: 35219
Members (15)
| Member | Definition | Class |
|---|---|---|
| 2,6-diisopropylnaphthalene | A member of the class of napthalenes that is naphthalene which is substituted by an isopropyl group at positions 2 and 6. It is a plant growth regulator which inhibits the sprouting of potatoes during storage. | 2,6-diisopropylnaphthalene |
| ancymidol | A tertiary alcohol that is methanol in which the hydrogens attached to the carbon are replaced by cyclopropyl, p-methoxyphenyl and pyrimidin-5-yl groups. By inhibiting gibberellin biosynthesis, ancymidol reduces plant growth, resulting in reduced internode elongation and thus more compact plants. It is used in the commercial production of a wide variety of container-grown bedding and foliage plants, including chrysanthemums, Easter lilies and poinsettias. | ancymidol |
| carbaryl | A carbamate ester obtained by the formal condensation of 1-naphthol with methylcarbamic acid. | carbaryl |
| chlormequat | A quaternary ammonium ion that is choline in which the hydroxy group has been replaced by a chlorine. Its salts (particularly the chloride salt, known as chlormequat chloride) are used as plant growth retardants. | chlormequat |
| chlorpropham | A carbamate ester that is the isopropyl ester of 3-chlorophenylcarbamic acid. | chlorpropham |
| glyphosphine | A tertiary amino compound that consists of glycine bearing two N-phosphonomethyl substituents. | glyphosine |
| levodopa | An optically active form of dopa having L-configuration. Used to treat the stiffness, tremors, spasms, and poor muscle control of Parkinson's disease | L-dopa zwitterion; L-dopa |
| mepiquat | A quaternary ammonium ion has that has two methyl groups and a pentamethylene-1,5-diyl group attached to the nitrogen. Its salts are used as plant growth inhibitors. | mepiquat |
| phenoxyacetic acid | A monocarboxylic acid that is the O-phenyl derivative of glycolic acid. A metabolite of 2-phenoxyethanol, it is used in the manufacture of pharmaceuticals, pesticides, fungicides and dyes. | phenoxyacetic acid |
| phenylacetic acid | A monocarboxylic acid that is toluene in which one of the hydrogens of the methyl group has been replaced by a carboxy group. | phenylacetic acid |
| phenylethyl alcohol | A primary alcohol that is ethanol substituted by a phenyl group at position 2. | 2-phenylethanol |
| propham | A carbamate ester that is the isopropyl ester of phenylcarbamic acid. It is a selective herbicide used for the control of annual grasses and some broad-leaf weeds and is also a growth regulator for control of sprouting in stored potatoes. | propham |
| uniconazole-p | A (1E)-1-(4-chlorophenyl)-4,4-dimethyl-2-(1H-1,2,4-triazol-1-yl)pent-1-en-3-ol that has S configuration at the chiral centre. It is the enantiomer of (R)-uniconazole; the fungicide and plant growth retardant uniconazole is the racemic mixture comprising (R)-uniconazole and uniconazole-P. | uniconazole P |
| vibsanin b | A vibsane diterpenoid that is (2Z,6E,10E)-cycloundeca-2,6,10-trien-1-one which is substituted at positions 2, 5, 5, 8, 9, and 9 by hydroxymethyl, methyl, 2-methylpent-2-en-5-yl, 3-methylbut-2-enoyloxy, hydroxy, and methyl groups, respectively (the 5S,8R,9R stereoisomer). It has been found to inhibit root growth in rice seedlings (IC50 0.14 mM). | vibsanin B |
| xanthoxin | 2-cis,4-trans-xanthoxin |
Research
Studies (21,936)
| Timeframe | Studies, Drugs with This Role(%) | All Drugs % |
|---|---|---|
| pre-1990 | 5,392 (24.58) | 18.7374 |
| 1990's | 3,579 (16.32) | 18.2507 |
| 2000's | 5,075 (23.14) | 29.6817 |
| 2010's | 5,856 (26.70) | 24.3611 |
| 2020's | 2,034 (9.27) | 2.80 |
Study Types
| Publication Type | Studies, Drugs with this Role (%) | All Drugs (%) |
|---|---|---|
| Trials | 1,992 (8.53%) | 5.53% |
| Reviews | 2,433 (10.42%) | 6.00% |
| Case Studies | 1,853 (7.94%) | 4.05% |
| Observational | 89 (0.38%) | 0.25% |
| Other | 16,978 (72.73%) | 84.16% |
Protein Targets (141)
Potency Measurements
| Protein | Taxonomy | Measurement | Average (mM) | Bioassay(s) | Drugs |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 15-hydroxyprostaglandin dehydrogenase [NAD(+)] isoform 1 | Homo sapiens (human) | Potency | 12.5893 | 1 | 1 |
| 15-lipoxygenase, partial | Homo sapiens (human) | Potency | 32.1841 | 1 | 3 |
| acetylcholinesterase | Homo sapiens (human) | Potency | 13.7320 | 4 | 8 |
| aldehyde dehydrogenase 1 family, member A1 | Homo sapiens (human) | Potency | 25.1189 | 1 | 1 |
| apical membrane antigen 1, AMA1 | Plasmodium falciparum 3D7 | Potency | 14.1254 | 1 | 1 |
| AR protein | Homo sapiens (human) | Potency | 25.4465 | 9 | 24 |
| aryl hydrocarbon receptor | Homo sapiens (human) | Potency | 33.1910 | 3 | 12 |
| arylsulfatase A | Homo sapiens (human) | Potency | 37.9330 | 1 | 1 |
| Ataxin-2 | Homo sapiens (human) | Potency | 60.2613 | 1 | 1 |
| ATP-dependent phosphofructokinase | Trypanosoma brucei brucei TREU927 | Potency | 23.9341 | 1 | 1 |
| ATPase family AAA domain-containing protein 5 | Homo sapiens (human) | Potency | 61.4400 | 2 | 2 |
| atrial natriuretic peptide receptor 1 precursor | Homo sapiens (human) | Potency | 23.9341 | 1 | 1 |
| Bloom syndrome protein isoform 1 | Homo sapiens (human) | Potency | 1.3580 | 1 | 1 |
| bromodomain adjacent to zinc finger domain 2B | Homo sapiens (human) | Potency | 100.0000 | 1 | 1 |
| Cellular tumor antigen p53 | Homo sapiens (human) | Potency | 15.6011 | 2 | 2 |
| Chain A, 2-oxoglutarate Oxygenase | Homo sapiens (human) | Potency | 12.5893 | 1 | 1 |
| Chain A, ATP-DEPENDENT DNA HELICASE Q1 | Homo sapiens (human) | Potency | 12.5893 | 1 | 1 |
| Chain A, Ferritin light chain | Equus caballus (horse) | Potency | 33.5520 | 1 | 2 |
| Chain A, HADH2 protein | Homo sapiens (human) | Potency | 18.9327 | 2 | 4 |
| Chain A, JmjC domain-containing histone demethylation protein 3A | Homo sapiens (human) | Potency | 39.8107 | 1 | 1 |
| Chain A, MAJOR APURINIC/APYRIMIDINIC ENDONUCLEASE | Homo sapiens (human) | Potency | 50.9976 | 1 | 2 |
| Chain A, TYROSYL-DNA PHOSPHODIESTERASE | Homo sapiens (human) | Potency | 44.8132 | 1 | 2 |
| Chain B, HADH2 protein | Homo sapiens (human) | Potency | 18.9327 | 2 | 4 |
| chromobox protein homolog 1 | Homo sapiens (human) | Potency | 46.9002 | 2 | 3 |
| cytochrome P450 2D6 | Homo sapiens (human) | Potency | 20.0162 | 1 | 2 |
| cytochrome P450 family 3 subfamily A polypeptide 4 | Homo sapiens (human) | Potency | 8.3634 | 2 | 3 |
| cytochrome P450, family 19, subfamily A, polypeptide 1, isoform CRA_a | Homo sapiens (human) | Potency | 21.1442 | 1 | 5 |
| DNA polymerase eta isoform 1 | Homo sapiens (human) | Potency | 19.5957 | 2 | 2 |
| DNA polymerase iota isoform a (long) | Homo sapiens (human) | Potency | 12.8730 | 2 | 2 |
| DNA polymerase kappa isoform 1 | Homo sapiens (human) | Potency | 10.5015 | 1 | 4 |
| dopamine D1 receptor | Homo sapiens (human) | Potency | 8.1995 | 1 | 1 |
| estrogen nuclear receptor alpha | Homo sapiens (human) | Potency | 26.2753 | 8 | 28 |
| estrogen receptor 2 (ER beta) | Homo sapiens (human) | Potency | 23.4121 | 2 | 3 |
| estrogen-related nuclear receptor alpha | Homo sapiens (human) | Potency | 29.8452 | 6 | 15 |
| euchromatic histone-lysine N-methyltransferase 2 | Homo sapiens (human) | Potency | 13.9480 | 1 | 2 |
| EWS/FLI fusion protein | Homo sapiens (human) | Potency | 0.3722 | 1 | 1 |
| farnesoid X nuclear receptor | Homo sapiens (human) | Potency | 36.6839 | 3 | 3 |
| flap endonuclease 1 | Homo sapiens (human) | Potency | 23.8972 | 3 | 4 |
| geminin | Homo sapiens (human) | Potency | 1.3186 | 2 | 3 |
| GLI family zinc finger 3 | Homo sapiens (human) | Potency | 27.4837 | 2 | 9 |
| GLS protein | Homo sapiens (human) | Potency | 28.3627 | 2 | 3 |
| glucocorticoid receptor [Homo sapiens] | Homo sapiens (human) | Potency | 38.4008 | 2 | 2 |
| glucokinase regulatory protein | Homo sapiens (human) | Potency | 5.0119 | 1 | 1 |
| Guanine nucleotide-binding protein G | Homo sapiens (human) | Potency | 22.3872 | 1 | 1 |
| heat shock protein beta-1 | Homo sapiens (human) | Potency | 60.7559 | 1 | 1 |
| hexokinase-4 isoform 1 | Homo sapiens (human) | Potency | 5.0119 | 1 | 1 |
| histone acetyltransferase KAT2A isoform 1 | Homo sapiens (human) | Potency | 31.8326 | 1 | 2 |
| histone deacetylase 9 isoform 3 | Homo sapiens (human) | Potency | 19.9905 | 2 | 8 |
| Histone H2A.x | Cricetulus griseus (Chinese hamster) | Potency | 100.1018 | 2 | 3 |
| hypoxia-inducible factor 1, alpha subunit (basic helix-loop-helix transcription factor) | Homo sapiens (human) | Potency | 10.0000 | 2 | 2 |
| importin subunit beta-1 isoform 1 | Homo sapiens (human) | Potency | 56.2341 | 1 | 1 |
| Interferon beta | Homo sapiens (human) | Potency | 33.2940 | 1 | 1 |
| Luciferase | Photinus pyralis (common eastern firefly) | Potency | 31.7524 | 2 | 6 |
| lysosomal alpha-glucosidase preproprotein | Homo sapiens (human) | Potency | 35.4813 | 1 | 1 |
| M-phase phosphoprotein 8 | Homo sapiens (human) | Potency | 7.5193 | 1 | 1 |
| mitogen-activated protein kinase 1 | Homo sapiens (human) | Potency | 0.0013 | 1 | 2 |
| muscarinic acetylcholine receptor M1 | Rattus norvegicus (Norway rat) | Potency | 0.0708 | 1 | 1 |
| nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 isoform 1 | Homo sapiens (human) | Potency | 28.6474 | 4 | 14 |
| Nuclear receptor ROR-gamma | Homo sapiens (human) | Potency | 33.4915 | 1 | 1 |
| nuclear receptor ROR-gamma isoform 1 | Mus musculus (house mouse) | Potency | 11.2202 | 1 | 1 |
| nuclear receptor subfamily 1, group I, member 3 | Homo sapiens (human) | Potency | 33.5462 | 3 | 27 |
| parathyroid hormone/parathyroid hormone-related peptide receptor precursor | Homo sapiens (human) | Potency | 125.8920 | 1 | 1 |
| peptidyl-prolyl cis-trans isomerase NIMA-interacting 1 | Homo sapiens (human) | Potency | 63.5290 | 2 | 2 |
| peripheral myelin protein 22 | Rattus norvegicus (Norway rat) | Potency | 1.6226 | 1 | 2 |
| peroxisome proliferator activated receptor gamma | Homo sapiens (human) | Potency | 48.8136 | 2 | 2 |
| peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor delta | Homo sapiens (human) | Potency | 0.0485 | 1 | 1 |
| phosphoglycerate kinase | Trypanosoma brucei brucei TREU927 | Potency | 12.1739 | 3 | 3 |
| phosphopantetheinyl transferase | Bacillus subtilis | Potency | 87.7723 | 3 | 3 |
| pregnane X nuclear receptor | Homo sapiens (human) | Potency | 54.9601 | 2 | 10 |
| pregnane X receptor | Rattus norvegicus (Norway rat) | Potency | 35.4813 | 1 | 1 |
| progesterone receptor | Homo sapiens (human) | Potency | 38.0791 | 1 | 4 |
| pyruvate kinase | Leishmania mexicana mexicana | Potency | 25.1189 | 2 | 2 |
| RAR-related orphan receptor gamma | Mus musculus (house mouse) | Potency | 31.4912 | 2 | 12 |
| retinoic acid nuclear receptor alpha variant 1 | Homo sapiens (human) | Potency | 19.1659 | 3 | 19 |
| retinoid X nuclear receptor alpha | Homo sapiens (human) | Potency | 36.3619 | 2 | 2 |
| snurportin-1 | Homo sapiens (human) | Potency | 56.2341 | 1 | 1 |
| TDP1 protein | Homo sapiens (human) | Potency | 25.2780 | 2 | 3 |
| thioredoxin reductase | Rattus norvegicus (Norway rat) | Potency | 53.2899 | 2 | 3 |
| thyroid hormone receptor beta isoform 2 | Rattus norvegicus (Norway rat) | Potency | 23.5887 | 2 | 3 |
| thyroid hormone receptor beta isoform a | Homo sapiens (human) | Potency | 0.0316 | 1 | 1 |
| thyroid stimulating hormone receptor | Homo sapiens (human) | Potency | 33.4915 | 1 | 1 |
| ubiquitin carboxyl-terminal hydrolase 2 isoform a | Homo sapiens (human) | Potency | 20.7491 | 1 | 1 |
| v-jun sarcoma virus 17 oncogene homolog (avian) | Homo sapiens (human) | Potency | 40.6328 | 2 | 5 |
| vitamin D (1,25- dihydroxyvitamin D3) receptor | Homo sapiens (human) | Potency | 1.5323 | 2 | 2 |
| vitamin D3 receptor isoform VDRA | Homo sapiens (human) | Potency | 14.1254 | 1 | 1 |
| WRN | Homo sapiens (human) | Potency | 5.4979 | 2 | 2 |
Inhibition Measurements
| Protein | Taxonomy | Measurement | Average (mM) | Bioassay(s) | Drugs |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Acetylcholinesterase | Electrophorus electricus (electric eel) | IC50 | 3.1000 | 1 | 1 |
| Acetylcholinesterase | Homo sapiens (human) | IC50 | 2,387.8100 | 1 | 1 |
| Aldo-keto reductase family 1 member B1 | Homo sapiens (human) | IC50 | 96.0000 | 1 | 1 |
| Aldo-keto reductase family 1 member B1 | Homo sapiens (human) | Ki | 253.0000 | 1 | 3 |
| ATP-binding cassette sub-family C member 3 | Homo sapiens (human) | IC50 | 133.0000 | 1 | 1 |
| Bile salt export pump | Homo sapiens (human) | IC50 | 133.0000 | 1 | 1 |
| Canalicular multispecific organic anion transporter 1 | Homo sapiens (human) | IC50 | 133.0000 | 1 | 1 |
| Epidermal growth factor receptor | Homo sapiens (human) | IC50 | 451.4400 | 2 | 2 |
| Fatty-acid amide hydrolase 1 | Homo sapiens (human) | IC50 | 30.0000 | 2 | 2 |
| integrase, partial | Human immunodeficiency virus 1 | IC50 | 0.5939 | 2 | 2 |
| kallikrein-5 preproprotein | Homo sapiens (human) | IC50 | 50.0000 | 1 | 1 |
| Large neutral amino acids transporter small subunit 1 | Homo sapiens (human) | IC50 | 100.0000 | 1 | 1 |
| lens epithelium-derived growth factor p75 | Homo sapiens (human) | IC50 | 0.5939 | 2 | 2 |
| Multidrug resistance-associated protein 4 | Homo sapiens (human) | IC50 | 133.0000 | 1 | 1 |
| Polyunsaturated fatty acid lipoxygenase ALOX15 | Oryctolagus cuniculus (rabbit) | IC50 | 2.2580 | 1 | 1 |
| Prolyl 4-hydroxylase subunit alpha-1 | Gallus gallus (chicken) | Ki | 20,000.0000 | 1 | 1 |
| Solute carrier family 15 member 1 | Homo sapiens (human) | IC50 | 141,200.0000 | 1 | 1 |
| Tyrosinase | Homo sapiens (human) | IC50 | 8,400.0000 | 1 | 1 |
| Tyrosine-protein kinase Fyn | Homo sapiens (human) | IC50 | 2.1460 | 1 | 1 |
| Tyrosine-protein kinase Lck | Homo sapiens (human) | IC50 | 3.7290 | 1 | 1 |
Activation Measurements
| Protein | Taxonomy | Measurement | Average (mM) | Bioassay(s) | Drugs |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Aromatase | Rattus norvegicus (Norway rat) | EC50 | 2.0000 | 1 | 1 |
| Olfactory receptor class A-like protein 1 | Danio rerio (zebrafish) | EC50 | 30.5000 | 1 | 1 |
| Tyrosine-protein kinase Lck | Homo sapiens (human) | Kd | 50,000.0000 | 1 | 1 |
Other Measurements
| Protein | Taxonomy | Measurement | Average (mM) | Bioassay(s) | Drugs |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Abscisic acid 8'-hydroxylase 3 | Arabidopsis thaliana (thale cress) | Kinact | 2.7000 | 1 | 1 |
| Adenosine receptor A1 | Rattus norvegicus (Norway rat) | KA | 11.4000 | 1 | 1 |
| Adenosine receptor A2a | Rattus norvegicus (Norway rat) | KA | 11.4000 | 1 | 2 |
| Carbonic anhydrase | Candida albicans SC5314 | KA | 0.9600 | 1 | 1 |
| Carbonic anhydrase | Methanosarcina thermophila | KA | 39.0000 | 1 | 1 |
| Carbonic anhydrase | Methanothermobacter thermautotrophicus str. Delta H | Ka | 11.4000 | 1 | 1 |
| Carbonic anhydrase | Saccharomyces cerevisiae S288C | Ka | 90.0000 | 2 | 2 |
| Carbonic anhydrase | Cryptococcus neoformans var. grubii | KA | 43.3000 | 1 | 1 |
| Carbonic anhydrase | Nakaseomyces glabratus CBS 138 | Ka | 23.3000 | 1 | 1 |
| Carbonic anhydrase 1 | Homo sapiens (human) | Ka | 3.1000 | 11 | 11 |
| Carbonic anhydrase 12 | Homo sapiens (human) | KA | 1.6700 | 1 | 1 |
| Carbonic anhydrase 13 | Mus musculus (house mouse) | KA | 43.0000 | 1 | 1 |
| Carbonic anhydrase 14 | Homo sapiens (human) | KA | 12.1000 | 1 | 1 |
| Carbonic anhydrase 15 | Mus musculus (house mouse) | KA | 6.5000 | 1 | 1 |
| Carbonic anhydrase 2 | Homo sapiens (human) | Ka | 11.4000 | 13 | 13 |
| Carbonic anhydrase 3 | Homo sapiens (human) | KA | 13.5000 | 2 | 2 |
| Carbonic anhydrase 4 | Homo sapiens (human) | Ka | 15.3000 | 2 | 2 |
| Carbonic anhydrase 5A, mitochondrial | Homo sapiens (human) | KA | 0.0360 | 1 | 1 |
| Carbonic anhydrase 5B, mitochondrial | Homo sapiens (human) | KA | 0.0630 | 1 | 1 |
| Carbonic anhydrase 6 | Homo sapiens (human) | Ka | 18.0000 | 2 | 2 |
| Carbonic anhydrase 7 | Homo sapiens (human) | KA | 58.3000 | 1 | 1 |
| Carbonic anhydrase 9 | Homo sapiens (human) | KA | 51.3000 | 1 | 1 |
| Carbonic anhydrase-like protein, putative | Trypanosoma cruzi strain CL Brener | KA | 0.8300 | 1 | 1 |
| Glutamate receptor ionotropic, NMDA 1 | Rattus norvegicus (Norway rat) | KA | 58.3000 | 1 | 1 |
| Glutamate receptor ionotropic, NMDA 2A | Rattus norvegicus (Norway rat) | KA | 58.3000 | 1 | 1 |
| Glutamate receptor ionotropic, NMDA 2B | Rattus norvegicus (Norway rat) | KA | 58.3000 | 1 | 1 |
| Glutamate receptor ionotropic, NMDA 2C | Rattus norvegicus (Norway rat) | KA | 58.3000 | 1 | 1 |
| Glutamate receptor ionotropic, NMDA 2D | Rattus norvegicus (Norway rat) | KA | 58.3000 | 1 | 1 |
| Glutamate receptor ionotropic, NMDA 3A | Rattus norvegicus (Norway rat) | KA | 58.3000 | 1 | 1 |
| Glutamate receptor ionotropic, NMDA 3B | Rattus norvegicus (Norway rat) | KA | 58.3000 | 1 | 1 |
| Monocarboxylate transporter 10 | Rattus norvegicus (Norway rat) | Km | 6,430.0000 | 1 | 1 |
| Plasma kallikrein | Homo sapiens (human) | KA | 0.0630 | 1 | 1 |
| Polyphenol oxidase 2 | Agaricus bisporus | Km | 860.0000 | 1 | 1 |
| SLC16A10 protein | Homo sapiens (human) | Km | 1,212.5000 | 1 | 1 |