Compounds > vitamin b 12
Page last updated: 2024-12-10

vitamin b 12

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Description

Vitamin B 12: A cobalt-containing coordination compound produced by intestinal micro-organisms and found also in soil and water. Higher plants do not concentrate vitamin B 12 from the soil and so are a poor source of the substance as compared with animal tissues. INTRINSIC FACTOR is important for the assimilation of vitamin B 12. [Medical Subject Headings (MeSH), National Library of Medicine, extracted Dec-2023]

Cross-References

ID SourceID
PubMed CID118701720
MeSH IDM0022794
PubMed CID5311498
MeSH IDM0022794

Synonyms (60)

Synonym
rubramin pc
nsc-80365
crystamine
vi-twel
normocytin
vibisone
redisol
rubramin
cobavite
plecyamin
5,6-dimethylbenzimidazolyl-co-cyanocobamide
dodecavite
vitamin b 12
ruvite
rubivite
nascobal
cyomin
berubigen
erythrotin
cyanocobalamin
vitamin b12 (as cyanocobalamin )
vitamin b(bdi1)(bdi2)
[(2r,3s,4r,5s)-5-(5,6-dimethylbenzimidazol-1-yl)-4-hydroxy-2-(hydroxymethyl)tetrahydrofuran-3-yl] [(1r)-1-methyl-2-[3-[(2r,3r,4z,7s,9z,12s,13s,14z,17s,18s,19r)-2,13,18-tris(2-amino-2-oxo-ethyl)-7,12,17-tris(3-amino-3-oxo-propyl)-3,5,8,8,13,15,18,19-octame
vitamin b12 [mi]
cyanocobalamin [vandf]
cyanocobalaminum [who-ip latin]
vitamin b12 [fcc]
cyanocobalamin co 57 schilling test kit component cyanocobalamin
vitamin b12 nos [who-dd]
cyanocobalamin [orange book]
cyanocobalamin [who-dd]
cyanocobalamin [hsdb]
cyanocobalamin [inci]
cyanocobalamin (constituent of cyanocobalamin) [dsc]
cyanocobalamin [jan]
cyanocobalmin [vandf]
rubratope-57 kit component cyanocobalamin
cyanocobalamin [inn]
cyanocobalamin [who-ip]
cyanocobalamin component of rubratope-57 kit
cyanocobalamin component of cyanocobalamin co 57 schilling test kit
PRESTWICK_564
NCGC00016302-01
cas-68-19-9
vitamin b12 nos
DB00115
HMS1569G08
HMS2096G08
tox21_110358
dtxcid5024346
AKOS015894306
CCG-220433
NCGC00249888-01
tox21_113664
cobinamide,dihydrogenphosphate(ester),inner salt,3'-ester with(5,6-dimethyl-1-a-d-ribofuranosyl-1h-benzimidazole-kn3),ion(1+)(9ci)
HMS3713G08
Q55167869
vitamin b12 (charged)
AKOS037515760
EN300-24780894

Research Excerpts

Toxicity

ExcerptReferenceRelevance
" In animals fed a low-protein diet, aflatoxin induced extensive toxic and carcinogenic effects."( Influence of dietary protein and vitamin B12 on the toxicity and carcinogenicity of aflatoxins in rat liver.
Anukarahanonta, T; Bhamarapravati, N; Temcharoen, P, 1978)		0.26
" Haematological adverse effects are relatively uncommon and most have been reported in cases of cimetidine administration."( Haematological adverse effects of histamine H2-receptor antagonists.
Aymard, B; Aymard, JP; Bannwarth, B; Netter, P; Streiff, F; Trechot, P, )		0.13
" Although significant clinical benefit was documented (N Engl J Med 1987; 317:185-91), serious adverse reactions, particularly bone marrow suppression, were observed."( The toxicity of azidothymidine (AZT) in the treatment of patients with AIDS and AIDS-related complex. A double-blind, placebo-controlled trial.
Fischl, MA; Gottlieb, MS; Grieco, MH; Groopman, JE; Hirsch, MS; Laskin, OL; Leedom, JM; Mildvan, D; Richman, DD; Volberding, PA, 1987)		0.27
"A trial was devised to assess whether the administration of selenium and cobalt together with the anthelmintic mebendazole (Ovitelmin S&C) was safe and could improve the supplies of selenium and cobalt for adult sheep fed a whole grain diet, low in both elements, which produced a steady decrease in blood glutathione peroxidase (GSHPx) and plasma vitamin B12 concentrations."( An assessment of the efficacy and safety of selenium and cobalt included in an anthelmintic for sheep.
Brebner, J; Field, AC; Gunn, GW; Suttle, NF, 1988)		0.27
"Trimethoprim seems not to be a safe form of therapy in patients with a megaloblastic process; many of the toxic reactions reported with this drug may be on the basis of an unrecognized megaloblastic form of haemopoiesis."( Toxicity of trimethoprim-sulphamethoxazole in patients with megaloblastic haemopoiesis.
Chanarin, I; England, JM, 1972)		0.25
"5 rat embryos L-homocysteine was not toxic at 1- and 2-mM concentrations."( Prevention of neural tube defects by and toxicity of L-homocysteine in cultured postimplantation rat embryos.
Blom, HJ; Copius Peereboom-Stegeman, JH; Deabreu, RA; Eskes, TK; Noordhoek, J; Trijbels, FJ; Vanaerts, LA, 1994)		0.29
" Homocysteine cannot be remethylated without vitamin B12, and condensation with serine is the only other excretory pathway for this toxic amino acid."( The cytotoxic effect of the vitamin B12 inhibitor cyanocobalamin [c-lactam], and a review of other vitamin B12 antagonists.
Matthews, JH, 1998)		0.3
" jensenii 702 had no adverse effect on general health status, body weight gain, visceral organs and faecal beta-glucuronidase activities."( The in vivo assessment of safety and gastrointestinal survival of an orally administered novel probiotic, Propionibacterium jensenii 702, in a male Wistar rat model.
Adams, MC; Huang, Y; Kotula, L, 2003)		0.32
" Mechanisms underlying toxic effects of this compound remain unknown."( Mechanism of perfluoroalkyl halide toxicity: catalysis of perfluoroalkylation by reduced forms of cobalamin (vitamin B12).
Beda, NV; Nedospasov, AA, 2003)		0.32
"In a series of 26 species selected from widely differing classes, 1,2-dichloro-4,5-diaminobenzene was toxic to those which did not exhibit a nutritional need for riboflavin plus vitamin B(12)."( Selective toxicity of 1,2-dichloro-4,5-diaminobenzene: its relation to requirements for riboflavin and vitamin B12.
SINGER, EA; SMITH, N; WOOLLEY, DW, 1951)		0.23
" Results of litter evaluation on GD18 showed that combined supplementation of FA and VB(12) ameliorated many of the adverse effects of ethanol."( The maternal combined supplementation of folic acid and Vitamin B(12) suppresses ethanol-induced developmental toxicity in mouse fetuses.
Li, Y; Long, Z; Shen, X; Tang, Y; Wang, J; Xu, Y; Zheng, X, 2006)		0.33
" Facial swelling was evaluated with a measuring tape and adverse effects and patient satisfaction were recorded."( Efficacy and safety of combined piroxicam, dexamethasone, orphenadrine, and cyanocobalamin treatment in mandibular molar surgery.
Barroso, AB; Bezerra, MM; Bezerra, RC; Frota-Bezerra, FA; Guzzo, GC; Lima, V; Moraes, ME; Moraes, MO; Moraes, RA; Santana, GS; Vasconcellos, MC; Viana, FA, 2006)		0.33
" A retrospective review of children receiving PPI therapy continuously for 1 year or more with baseline and follow-up esophageal and gastric biopsies on treatment was conducted to assess type, frequency, and duration of PPI dosing, symptom relief, gastrin levels, histologic findings, and adverse events."( Long-term proton pump inhibitor use in children: a retrospective review of safety.
Boyer, K; Tolia, V, 2008)		0.35
" Main adverse drug reactions of severity grade 3 or 4 were neutrophil count decreased (20."( Efficacy and safety of two doses of pemetrexed supplemented with folic acid and vitamin B12 in previously treated patients with non-small cell lung cancer.
Adachi, S; Fujimoto, T; Fukuoka, M; Ichinose, Y; Kubota, K; Nakagawa, K; Nambu, Y; Nishiwaki, Y; Ohe, Y; Saijo, N; Tamura, T; Yamamoto, N, 2008)		0.35
" The spread of folic acid fortification has also introduced concerns about folate's potentially adverse neurologic consequences in persons with undetected vitamin B12 deficiency."( Efficacy and safety of fortification and supplementation with vitamin B12: biochemical and physiological effects.
Carmel, R, 2008)		0.35
", the safe limit."( Establishing safe and potentially efficacious fortification contents for folic acid and vitamin B12.
Dary, O, 2008)		0.35
"Proton pump (H(+)/K(+)-adenosine triphosphatase) inhibitors (PPIs) are widely used to treat patients with acid-related disorders because they are generally perceived to be safe and effective."( Safety of proton pump inhibitor exposure.
Metz, DC; Yang, YX, 2010)		0.36
" Outcomes measured included adverse events (AEs), pharmacokinetics, and radiologic response."( Pralatrexate with vitamin supplementation in patients with previously treated, advanced non-small cell lung cancer: safety and efficacy in a phase 1 trial.
Azzoli, CG; Dunne, M; Ginsberg, M; Huntington, M; James, L; Kris, MG; Krug, LM; May, J; Miller, V; Patel, JD; Saunders, M; Sirotnak, FM; Subzwari, S; Tyson, L, 2011)		0.37
" Only minor adverse reactions such as pain and haematoma at the injection sites were reported by some patients."( The efficacy and safety of intramuscular injections of methylcobalamin in patients with chronic nonspecific low back pain: a randomised controlled trial.
Chiu, CK; Low, TH; Shong, HK; Singh, VA; Tey, YS, 2011)		0.37
"Intramuscular methylcobalamin is both an effective and safe method of treatment for patients with nonspecific low back pain, both singly or in combination with other forms of treatment."( The efficacy and safety of intramuscular injections of methylcobalamin in patients with chronic nonspecific low back pain: a randomised controlled trial.
Chiu, CK; Low, TH; Shong, HK; Singh, VA; Tey, YS, 2011)		0.37
" No adverse events were recorded."( Effectiveness and safety of citicoline in mild vascular cognitive impairment: the IDEALE study.
Castagna, A; Cotroneo, AM; Fantò, F; Gareri, P; Lacava, R; Malara, A; Monteleone, F; Putignano, S; Rocca, F, 2013)		0.39
"There were no adverse effects in twelve of the patients, whereas treatment was discontinued in two patients who had seborrheic dermatitis at 3 months and respiratory tract infection at 2 months, respectively."( Safety and efficacy of intravenous ultra-high dose methylcobalamin treatment for peripheral neuropathy: a phase I/II open label clinical trial.
Arimura, K; Beppu, M; Isose, S; Iwai, Y; Kaji, R; Kuwabara, S; Misawa, S; Mitsuma, S; Nasu, S; Sekiguchi, Y; Shibuya, K, 2014)		0.4
"Intravenous ultra-high dose MeCbl treatment is a safe and potentially efficacious therapy for patients with peripheral neuropathy and chronic axonal degeneration."( Safety and efficacy of intravenous ultra-high dose methylcobalamin treatment for peripheral neuropathy: a phase I/II open label clinical trial.
Arimura, K; Beppu, M; Isose, S; Iwai, Y; Kaji, R; Kuwabara, S; Misawa, S; Mitsuma, S; Nasu, S; Sekiguchi, Y; Shibuya, K, 2014)		0.4
" We analyzed adverse effects, such as myelosuppression, rash, and diarrhea, after 1 cycle of pemetrexed therapy."( [Safety of pemetrexed according to the duration of vitamin B12 and folic acid supplementation prior to the first dose of pemetrexed].
Chohnabayashi, N; Gotoh, K; Jinta, T; Kitamura, A; Koyama, K; Nishimura, N; Ohde, S; Okafuji, K; Takayama, S; Tomishima, Y; Tsuda, Y; Yagi, N, 2015)		0.42
" Safety was assessed by evaluation of vital functions, laboratory tests, ECG, registration of adverse events (AE)."( [Evaluation of efficiency and safety of adding neuromultivit to basic therapy of vertebrogenic radiculopathy].
Granatov, EV; Khabirov, FA; Khaibullin, TI, )		0.13
"In this study, the efficacy and safety of traditional Chinese medicine injection with mecobalamin in treating diabetic peripheral neuropathy was evaluated by the total effective rate, motor nerve conduction velocity, sensory nerve conduction velocity, adverse reactions, and glucose metabolism level."( Efficacy and safety of traditional Chinese medicine injection with mecobalamin in treating diabetic peripheral neuropathy: A protocol for systematic review and meta-analysis.
Chen, P; Lin, X; Mai, W; Wang, F; Wei, A; Ye, J, 2021)		0.62
" We suggest that Vit B12 can be used to reduce the toxic effects of MTX."( Evaluation by different mechanisms of the protective effects of vitamin B12 on methotrexate nephrotoxicity.
Akin, AT; Karabulut, D; Kaymak, E; Kuloglu, N; Ozturk, E; Yakan, B, 2022)		0.72
" The incidence of adverse events was similar between the 2 groups."( Efficacy and Safety of Ultrahigh-Dose Methylcobalamin in Early-Stage Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis: A Randomized Clinical Trial.
Abe, K; Araki, N; Atsuta, N; Fujita, K; Furuya, H; Hatanaka, Y; Hattori, N; Ikeda, K; Ishihara, T; Isose, S; Ito, H; Izumi, Y; Kagimura, T; Kaji, R; Kanai, K; Kano, O; Kikuchi, H; Kohara, N; Kojima, Y; Komai, K; Kuwabara, S; Kuzume, D; Maruyama, H; Miyamoto, R; Morita, M; Nagai, M; Nakayama, Y; Nishinaka, K; Nishiyama, K; Noda, K; Nodera, H; Nokihara, H; Noma, K; Oda, M; Oki, R; Onodera, O; Sakaguchi, S; Sato, Y; Shibuya, K; Shimizu, T; Shimohama, S; Shimohata, T; Sobue, G; Sonoo, M; Teramukai, S; Toda, T; Tsunemi, T; Urushitani, M; Yanagawa, H, 2022)		0.72
"Results of this randomized clinical trial showed that ultrahigh-dose methylcobalamin was efficacious in slowing functional decline in patients with early-stage ALS and with moderate progression rate and was safe to use during the 16-week treatment period."( Efficacy and Safety of Ultrahigh-Dose Methylcobalamin in Early-Stage Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis: A Randomized Clinical Trial.
Abe, K; Araki, N; Atsuta, N; Fujita, K; Furuya, H; Hatanaka, Y; Hattori, N; Ikeda, K; Ishihara, T; Isose, S; Ito, H; Izumi, Y; Kagimura, T; Kaji, R; Kanai, K; Kano, O; Kikuchi, H; Kohara, N; Kojima, Y; Komai, K; Kuwabara, S; Kuzume, D; Maruyama, H; Miyamoto, R; Morita, M; Nagai, M; Nakayama, Y; Nishinaka, K; Nishiyama, K; Noda, K; Nodera, H; Nokihara, H; Noma, K; Oda, M; Oki, R; Onodera, O; Sakaguchi, S; Sato, Y; Shibuya, K; Shimizu, T; Shimohama, S; Shimohata, T; Sobue, G; Sonoo, M; Teramukai, S; Toda, T; Tsunemi, T; Urushitani, M; Yanagawa, H, 2022)		0.72
"Individuals with vitamin B12 deficiency (including pernicious anaemia) often report being 'let down' or stigmatised by general practice systems and policy, and choose instead to self-medicate via injection; the association between this and perceptions of safe primary care in this group of people is unknown."( Patient safety, self-injection, and B12 deficiency: a UK cross-sectional survey.
Ahlam, N; Giles, S; Hodkinson, A; Panagioti, M; Tyler, N; Zhou, A, 2022)		0.72
"The indiscriminate and rampant use of pesticides has raised serious concerns regarding their toxic impact on non-target organisms which underlines need for the development of an effective antidote."( Vitamin B12 alleviates malathion-induced toxicity in zebra fish by regulating cytochrome P450 and PgP expressions.
Bhattacharjee, S; Bhattacharya, S; Karmakar, S; Mandal, DP; Rahaman, A; Sarkar, A; Sen Gupta, P, 2023)		0.91
" Its adverse effects (AE) are gastrointestinal, decrease in vitamin B12 absorption, abnormalities of hemogram and rarely skin reactions."( [Cross-Sectional Study on Adverse Effects of Metformin Hydrochloride on 130 Patients Type 2 Diabetic Admitted to Medical Center and Diabetes Home of Sidi Bel-Abbès].
Belakhdar, K; Kraroubi, A; Matmour, D; Sakouhi, M, 2023)		0.91
" As an over-the-counter pain reliever and antipyretic, Acetaminophen is the active metabolite of phenacetin and acetanilide, but it is less toxic than either precursor."( Hepatoprotective Effect of Vitamin B12 in Acetaminophen Induce Hepatotoxicity in Male Rats.
Ahmed Mohammed, R; Fadheel, QJ, 2023)		0.91
" Consequently, in recent years, literature linking PPIs to various adverse effects has emerged, with some supported by robust evidence, while others are based on lower-quality evidence, requiring cautious interpretation."( Safe use of proton-pump inhibitors.
Argüelles-Arias, F; López Cardona, J; Martín de Argila de Prados, C, 2023)		0.91

Pharmacokinetics

ExcerptReferenceRelevance
" The pharmacokinetic behaviour of the various active ingredients was examined at a haematic level."( Pharmacokinetic study of the relative bioavailability and bioequivalence after oral intensive or repeated short term treatment with two polyamino acid formulations.
Castana, R; Insirello, L; Leonardi, G; Matera, M, 1993)		0.29
" Cyanocobalamin plasma levels were quantified by HPLC on days 1, 85 and 182 of treatment and were analysed by means of non-compartment pharmacokinetic (PK) analysis."( Pharmacokinetics of high doses of cyanocobalamin administered by intravenous injection for 26 weeks in rats.
Cruz, T; Koren, G; Nava-Ocampo, AA; Pastrak, A, )		0.13
"The objectives of these analyses were to (1) develop a semimechanistic-physiologic population pharmacokinetic/pharmacodynamic (PK/PD) model to describe neutropenic response to pemetrexed and to (2) identify influential covariates with respect to pharmacodynamic response."( A semimechanistic-physiologic population pharmacokinetic/pharmacodynamic model for neutropenia following pemetrexed therapy.
Ghosh, A; Johnson, RD; Karlsson, MO; Latz, JE; Rusthoven, JJ, 2006)		0.33
"The purpose of this study was to investigate the utility of plasma pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic measures including plasma deoxynucleosides, homocysteine and methylmalonic acid concentrations in understanding the time course and extent of the inhibition of thymidylate synthase (TS) by pemetrexed in the context of a phase I/II combination study with vinorelbine."( Pemetrexed pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics in a phase I/II study of doublet chemotherapy with vinorelbine: implications for further optimisation of pemetrexed schedules.
Clarke, SJ; Li, KM; Rivory, LP, 2007)		0.34
" Weight and methylmalonic acid (MMA) level were predictive of pharmacokinetic (PK) variability."( A population pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic evaluation of pralatrexate in patients with relapsed or refractory non-Hodgkin's or Hodgkin's lymphoma.
Duffull, SB; Fleisher, M; Hamlin, P; Horwitz, S; Mould, DR; Neylon, E; O'Connor, OA; Saunders, ME; Sirotnak, F; Sweeney, K, 2009)		0.35
" The pharmacokinetic properties of vitamin B12 were characterized by noncompartmental analysis."( Pharmacokinetics of oral cyanocobalamin formulated with sodium N-[8-(2-hydroxybenzoyl)amino]caprylate (SNAC): an open-label, randomized, single-dose, parallel-group study in healthy male subjects.
Castelli, MC; Friedman, K; Riley, MG; Wong, DF, 2011)		0.37
" This study evaluated the pharmacokinetic parameters of NO-Cbl following intravenous administration in dogs."( Pharmacokinetics of intravenous nitrosylcobalamin, an antitumor agent, in healthy Beagle dogs: a pilot study.
Bauer, JA; Horne, WI; Steiner, JM; Suchodolski, JS; Sysel, AM, 2012)		0.38
" Blood samples were collected at baseline and post-dosing, and noncompartmental pharmacokinetic parameters were determined."( Pharmacokinetics of intravenous nitrosylcobalamin, an antitumor agent, in healthy Beagle dogs: a pilot study.
Bauer, JA; Horne, WI; Steiner, JM; Suchodolski, JS; Sysel, AM, 2012)		0.38
" The average area under the curve was 12,697 h × pg/mL, 24,497 h × pg/mL and 44,976 h × pg/mL respectively, with an average elimination half-life of 16."( Pharmacokinetics of intravenous nitrosylcobalamin, an antitumor agent, in healthy Beagle dogs: a pilot study.
Bauer, JA; Horne, WI; Steiner, JM; Suchodolski, JS; Sysel, AM, 2012)		0.38
" Serum folate concentration may serve as a pharmacodynamic biomarker of intracellular nitrosylcobalamin activity following intravenous administration."( Serum folate: a pharmacodynamic biomarker of intracellular nitrosylcobalamin activity following intravenous administration in dogs.
Bauer, JA; Horne, WI; Steiner, JM; Suchodolski, JS; Sysel, AM, 2012)		0.38
" The validated method was successfully applied to an in-study sample assay by performing a clinical pharmacokinetic study of mecobalamin, in which a successful incurred sample reanalysis was performed."( A sensitive bioanalytical assay for methylcobalamin, an endogenous and light-labile substance, in human plasma by liquid chromatography with tandem mass spectrometry and its application to a pharmacokinetic study.
Hotta, K; Mano, Y; Wang, Y, 2020)		0.56

Compound-Compound Interactions

ExcerptReferenceRelevance
"On a model of transplantable albeolar-mucous RS cancer it is shown that hydrocortisone, desoxycorticosteonre-acetate (DOCA), cyanocobalamine used in combination with folic and nicotinic acids does not lower the cytostatic activity of thiophosphamide and in a number cases even potentiates its action."( [Effect of corticosteroids, vitamins and their combination with thiophosphamide on the indicators of carbohydrate and electrolyte metabolism of animals with experimental tumors].
Butov, VI; Dunaev, VV, )		0.13
"Analysis of the dynamics of changes in the end part of the ECG ventricular complex in 311 patients with rheumatic heart disease and stages IIA, IIB, and III circulatory insufficiency after treatment with preparations of digitalis and their combination with biologically active substances (orotic acid, vitamin B12, calcium pantothenate, ATP, methionine, inosi-F) is presented."( [Changes in the end part of the ECG ventricular complex under the effect of digitalis preparations and their combination with metabolic preparations].
Abbakumov, SA; Makolkin, VI; Masliuk, VI; Nedostup, AV; Popova, TA, 1977)		0.26
" Similar results were obtained in cats with antidote doses of 200 mg/kg aquocobalamine combined with 500 mg/kg thiosulfate."( The efficiency of aquocobalamine as an antidote in cyanide poisoning when given alone or combined with sodium thiosulfate.
Friedberg, KD; Shukla, UR, 1975)		0.25
" These effects, combined with the common use of cimetidine in clinical practice, make the risk of adverse drug interactions a relatively frequent risk in the clinical setting."( Drug interactions involving cimetidine--mechanisms, documentation, implications.
Greene, W, 1984)		0.27
"We investigated the effects of egg phosphatidylcholine (PC) combined with vitamin B12 on memory in the Morris water maze task, and on choline and acetylcholine (ACh) concentrations in the brain of rats."( EGG phosphatidylcholine combined with vitamin B12 improved memory impairment following lesioning of nucleus basalis in rats.
Ikeda, H; Inoue, S; Kokubu, T; Masuda, Y; Yamashita, M, 1998)		0.3
" Although the sample size is small, these findings suggest that daily administration of 400 microg/day folic acid combined with vitamin B12 and vitamin B6 may be equivalent to higher doses in reducing homocysteine levels in patients with CAD."( Reduction of homocysteine levels in coronary artery disease by low-dose folic acid combined with vitamins B6 and B12.
Abou-Ghazala, T; Alsous, F; Arheart, K; Gupta, A; Jacobsen, DW; Kruger, WD; Lobo, A; Moustapha, A; Nahlawi, M; Naso, A; Robinson, K; van Lente, F, 1999)		0.3
" Several phase I/II trials of pemetrexed as a single agent or in combination with a platinum drug have demonstrated considerable activity in mesothelioma."( Pemetrexed alone and in combination with platinum compounds in the management of malignant mesothelioma.
Green, MR; Meyer, ML; Suwanrusme, H, 2004)		0.32
"We studied the prooxidant and cytotoxic action of thiols N-acetylcystein (NAC) and glutathione (GSH) combined with vitamin Bl2b."( [Prooxidant and cytotoxic action of N-acetylcysteine and glutathione combined with vitamin Bl2b].
Akatov, VS; Faskhutdinova, AA; Kudriavtsev, AA; Solov'ev, VV; Solov'eva, ME, 2007)		0.34
" The treatment group were treated with "Jianying point" -injection combined with massage, and the control group with routine acupuncture therapy."( [Clinical observation on "Jianying point"-injection combined with massage for treatment of periarthritis of shoulder].
Liao, BN; Zhang, LM; Zhang, S, 2007)		0.34
""Jiunying point" -injection combined with massage has clinically an obvious effect on periarthritis of shoulder."( [Clinical observation on "Jianying point"-injection combined with massage for treatment of periarthritis of shoulder].
Liao, BN; Zhang, LM; Zhang, S, 2007)		0.34
"The extensively used thiol antioxidants (dithiothreitol, glutathione, and N-acetylcysteine) in combination with hydroxycobalamine (vitamin B12) gain toxic activity in relation to human lymphocytic leukemia cell line HL60."( Thiol antioxidants in combination with vitamin B12 induce apoptotic death of human lymphocytic leukemia cells by destabilization of lysosomes with the involvement of iron ions.
Akatov, VS; Faskhutdinova, AA; Solovyev, VV; Solovyeva, ME, 2013)		0.39
"TENS in combination with local cobalamin injection has a significant analgesic effect."( Transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation in combination with cobalamin injection for postherpetic neuralgia: a single-center randomized controlled trial.
Feng, Y; Lv, ZW; Tang, WZ; Xu, G, 2014)		0.4
" We searched published randomized controlled trials (RCTs) of PGE1 combined with MC for DPN up to June 1, 2013."( Meta-analysis of methylcobalamin alone and in combination with prostaglandin E1 in the treatment of diabetic peripheral neuropathy.
Deng, H; Ji, A; Liu, L; Liu, X; Wu, Z; Xu, Q; Yin, J; Zhang, J, 2014)		0.4
" Group A (N = 95) was treated with chemonucleolysis only (the injection of oxygen-ozone combined with collagenase into the lumbar disc and the epidural space); group B (N = 97) was treated with chemonucleolysis and PCB."( CT-guided chemonucleolysis combined with psoas compartment block in lumbar disc herniation: a randomized controlled study.
Du, Y; Huang, YY; Li, B; Li, Y; Meng, J; Xu, XX; Yang, HF; Zhang, Q, 2014)		0.4
"Computer tomography (CT)-guided chemonucleolysis combined with PCB leads to rapid pain relief, fewer postoperative pain of collagenase injection happen, and should be regarded as a useful treatment for the management of LDH."( CT-guided chemonucleolysis combined with psoas compartment block in lumbar disc herniation: a randomized controlled study.
Du, Y; Huang, YY; Li, B; Li, Y; Meng, J; Xu, XX; Yang, HF; Zhang, Q, 2014)		0.4
" faecium in combination with Saccharomyces cerevisiae or Lactococcus lactis during a subacute ruminal acidosis (SARA) challenge."( Efficacy of the direct-fed microbial Enterococcus faecium alone or in combination with Saccharomyces cerevisiae or Lactococcus lactis during induced subacute ruminal acidosis.
Chiquette, J; Girard, CL; Hindrichsen, IK; Lagrost, J; Li, S; Plaizier, JC; Talbot, G, 2015)		0.42
"To observe the effect differences on post-stroke dysphagia among acupoint injection combined with neural electrical stimulation, acupoint injection, neural electrical stimulation, and swallowing training respectively, so eligible intervention can be applied to this kind of disease."( [Post-stroke dysphagia treated with acupoint injection combined with neural electrical stimulation].
Cao, GP; Li, WL; Ma, FX, 2014)		0.4
"To determine the efficacy of methylcobalamin combined with lidocaine for acute herpetic neuralgia."( Local Injection of Methylcobalamin Combined with Lidocaine for Acute Herpetic Neuralgia.
Cheng, C; Tang, WZ; Xǔ, G; Xu, J; Xu, S, 2016)		0.43
"Control groups received intramuscular methylcobalamin in addition to local lidocaine injection, while treatment groups received local methylcobalamin combined with lidocaine injection for 14 days."( Local Injection of Methylcobalamin Combined with Lidocaine for Acute Herpetic Neuralgia.
Cheng, C; Tang, WZ; Xǔ, G; Xu, J; Xu, S, 2016)		0.43
"Local methylcobalamin combined with lidocaine, optimally administered within 4-7 days of onset, may be an effective therapeutic option for acute herpetic neuralgia."( Local Injection of Methylcobalamin Combined with Lidocaine for Acute Herpetic Neuralgia.
Cheng, C; Tang, WZ; Xǔ, G; Xu, J; Xu, S, 2016)		0.43
"To analyze the preventive effect of mecobalamin combined with glutathione on neurotoxicity induced by FOLFOX4 chemotherapy."( [Preventive effect of mecobalamin combined with glutathione on neurotoxicity induced by FOLFOX4 chemotherapy].
Li, SD; Li, XJ; Shi, JH, 2016)		0.43
"Mecobalamin combined with glutathione can significantly reduce the incidence and severity of neurotoxicity induced by FOLFOX4 chemotherapy, therefore, worthy of clinical application."( [Preventive effect of mecobalamin combined with glutathione on neurotoxicity induced by FOLFOX4 chemotherapy].
Li, SD; Li, XJ; Shi, JH, 2016)		0.43
"The MM patients (104 individuals) who met the inclusion criteria were randomly assigned into a solely methylcobalamin therapy group (500 μg intramuscular methylcobalamin injections every other day for 20 days; ten injections) followed by 2 months of 500 μg oral methylcobalamin administration, three times per day) and an acupuncture combined with methylcobalamin (Met + Acu) group (methylcobalamin used the same way as above accompanied by three cycles of acupuncture)."( Acupuncture combined with methylcobalamin for the treatment of chemotherapy-induced peripheral neuropathy in patients with multiple myeloma.
Cai, Z; Han, X; He, J; Huang, H; Shi, H; Shi, J; Sun, J; Wang, L; Wei, G; Wu, W; Zheng, G; Zheng, W, 2017)		0.46
"The present study suggests that acupuncture combined with methylcobalamin in the treatment of CIPN showed a better outcome than methylcobalamin administration alone."( Acupuncture combined with methylcobalamin for the treatment of chemotherapy-induced peripheral neuropathy in patients with multiple myeloma.
Cai, Z; Han, X; He, J; Huang, H; Shi, H; Shi, J; Sun, J; Wang, L; Wei, G; Wu, W; Zheng, G; Zheng, W, 2017)		0.46
"The effects of supplementing lambs with Co, either alone or in combination with vitamin B and Se, were evaluated over the period from weaning to selection for slaughter."( Cobalt supplementation, alone or in combination with vitamin B and selenium: Effects on lamb performance and mineral status.
Fagan, SP; Hanrahan, JP; Keady, TW, 2017)		0.46
"To investigate the effects of folic acid combined with vitamin B12 on deep vein thrombosis (DVT) in patients with homocysteine cerebral infarction."( Effects of folic acid combined with vitamin B12 on DVT in patients with homocysteine cerebral infarction.
Chang, YW; Li, ZF; Liu, SY; Shu, XJ; Wang, WH, 2017)		0.46
" The aim of this study was to observe clinical and imaging outcomes of application of gelatin sponge impregnated with a mixture of 3 drugs to intraoperative nerve root block combined with robot-assisted minimally invasive transforaminal lumbar interbody fusion surgery in to treat adult degenerative lumbar scoliosis."( Application of Gelatin Sponge Impregnated with a Mixture of 3 Drugs to Intraoperative Nerve Root Block Combined with Robot-Assisted Minimally Invasive Transforaminal Lumbar Interbody Fusion Surgery in the Treatment of Adult Degenerative Scoliosis: A Clini
Chang Liu, S; Du, JP; Fan, Y; Hao, D; Liu, JJ; Zhang, JN, 2017)		0.46
"From January 2012 to November 2014, 108 patients with adult degenerative lumbar scoliosis were treated with robot-assisted minimally invasive transforaminal lumbar interbody fusion surgery combined with intraoperative gelatin sponge impregnated with a mixture of 3 drugs."( Application of Gelatin Sponge Impregnated with a Mixture of 3 Drugs to Intraoperative Nerve Root Block Combined with Robot-Assisted Minimally Invasive Transforaminal Lumbar Interbody Fusion Surgery in the Treatment of Adult Degenerative Scoliosis: A Clini
Chang Liu, S; Du, JP; Fan, Y; Hao, D; Liu, JJ; Zhang, JN, 2017)		0.46
"Application of gelatin sponge impregnated with 3 drugs combined with robot-assisted minimally invasive transforaminal lumbar interbody fusion for treatment of adult degenerative lumbar scoliosis is safe and feasible with advantages of good short-term analgesia effect, minimal invasiveness, short length of stay, and good long-term clinical outcomes."( Application of Gelatin Sponge Impregnated with a Mixture of 3 Drugs to Intraoperative Nerve Root Block Combined with Robot-Assisted Minimally Invasive Transforaminal Lumbar Interbody Fusion Surgery in the Treatment of Adult Degenerative Scoliosis: A Clini
Chang Liu, S; Du, JP; Fan, Y; Hao, D; Liu, JJ; Zhang, JN, 2017)		0.46
"Potential safety concerns relative to impaired cognitive function may exist when high folic acid exposures are combined with low vitamin B-12 status."( High folic acid or folate combined with low vitamin B-12 status: potential but inconsistent association with cognitive function in a nationally representative cross-sectional sample of US older adults participating in the NHANES.
Bailey, RL; Dwyer, JT; Gahche, JJ; Green, R; Jun, S; McCabe, GP; Miller, JW; Murphy, L; Potischman, N, 2020)		0.56
"Currently, it is unclear whether the salviae miltiorrhizae (Danshen Salvia) and ligustrazine hydrochloride (Chuanxiong Chuanxiong) (SMLH) injection combined with mecobalamin can improve diabetic peripheral neuropathy (DPN)."( Salviae miltiorrhizae and ligustrazine hydrochloride injection combined with mecobalamin for treating diabetic peripheral neuropathy: A protocol for systematic review and meta-analysis.
Deng, Z; Fan, Y; Liu, M; Wang, M, 2021)		0.62
" Each database was searched up to 2020 to identify randomized controlled trials on DPN treated with SMLH injection combined with mecobalamin."( Salviae miltiorrhizae and ligustrazine hydrochloride injection combined with mecobalamin for treating diabetic peripheral neuropathy: A protocol for systematic review and meta-analysis.
Deng, Z; Fan, Y; Liu, M; Wang, M, 2021)		0.62
"SMLH injection combined with mecobalamin can improve DPN, compared with mecobalamin alone."( Salviae miltiorrhizae and ligustrazine hydrochloride injection combined with mecobalamin for treating diabetic peripheral neuropathy: A protocol for systematic review and meta-analysis.
Deng, Z; Fan, Y; Liu, M; Wang, M, 2021)		0.62
" granatum and amygdalin extracts +cobalamin (group B), plus its combination with albendazole (group C)."( Punica granatum and amygdalin extracts plus cobalamin combined with albendazole reduce larval burden and myositis in experimental trichinosis.
Abdel-Aal, AA; Afife, AA; Badawi, MAM; Elmallawany, MA; Esmat, M; Fahmy, MA; Magdy, M; Shafi, IRA; Shalaby, MA, 2021)		0.62
"This study sought to examine the use of glutathione combined with mecobalamin in the prevention and treatment peripheral neuropathy (PN) in multiple myeloma (MM) patients, observe its effectiveness and safety, and explore the risk factors and prognostic factors of chemotherapy-induced peripheral neuropathy (CIPN)."( Glutathione combined with mecobalamin in the treatment of chemotherapy-induced peripheral neuropathy in multiple myeloma: a retrospective clinical study.
Fang, B; Huang, H; Liu, L; Liu, X; Liu, Y; Song, J; Wang, Y; Xiang, P; Zhao, M, 2021)		0.62
"4 g of glutathione intravenously once daily 2-3 days before chemotherapy, combined with 500 µg of mecobalamin administered intravenously once every other day until the end of the chemotherapy cycle."( Glutathione combined with mecobalamin in the treatment of chemotherapy-induced peripheral neuropathy in multiple myeloma: a retrospective clinical study.
Fang, B; Huang, H; Liu, L; Liu, X; Liu, Y; Song, J; Wang, Y; Xiang, P; Zhao, M, 2021)		0.62
"Glutathione combined with mecobalamin significantly reduced the incidence and severity of CIPN in MM patients, and did not increase the adverse reactions of patients with MM."( Glutathione combined with mecobalamin in the treatment of chemotherapy-induced peripheral neuropathy in multiple myeloma: a retrospective clinical study.
Fang, B; Huang, H; Liu, L; Liu, X; Liu, Y; Song, J; Wang, Y; Xiang, P; Zhao, M, 2021)		0.62
"This study aimed to investigate the efficacy and safety of mecobalamin combined with vestibular rehabilitation training in acute vestibular neuritis and to improve the clinical therapeutic effect in vestibular nerve disease."( Efficacy and safety of mecobalamin combined with vestibular rehabilitation training for acute vestibular neuritis: a systematic review and meta-analysis.
Li, X; Sun, X; Yang, D, 2022)		0.72
" References of the comparative study of vestibular rehabilitation training and vestibular rehabilitation training combined with mecobalamin were screened."( Efficacy and safety of mecobalamin combined with vestibular rehabilitation training for acute vestibular neuritis: a systematic review and meta-analysis.
Li, X; Sun, X; Yang, D, 2022)		0.72
" It may be that mecobalamin combined with vestibular rehabilitation training effectively alleviated the symptoms of vestibular neuritis in the experimental group, thereby reducing the canal paresis (CP) value."( Efficacy and safety of mecobalamin combined with vestibular rehabilitation training for acute vestibular neuritis: a systematic review and meta-analysis.
Li, X; Sun, X; Yang, D, 2022)		0.72
"Mecobalamin combined with vestibular rehabilitation training can effectively improve vertigo and other symptoms of acute vestibular neuritis patients, with high effectiveness and safety."( Efficacy and safety of mecobalamin combined with vestibular rehabilitation training for acute vestibular neuritis: a systematic review and meta-analysis.
Li, X; Sun, X; Yang, D, 2022)		0.72
" HOCbl increased the rate of oxidation of thiols to a greater extent than CNCbl, but quenched ROS in combination with certain thiols."( Differences in the Formation of Reactive Oxygen Species and Their Cytotoxicity between Thiols Combined with Aqua- and Cyanocobalamins.
Akatov, VS; Shatalin, YV; Shubina, VS; Solovieva, ME, 2022)		0.72
"This study was aimed to systematically determine the effect of exercise combined with lysine-inositol vitamin B12 (VB12) therapy on the height of children with idiopathic short stature (ISS)."( Exercise combined with lysine-inositol vitamin B12 promotes height growth in children with idiopathic short stature.
Chao, L; Pan, X; Sun, F; Zhang, J, )		0.13
"Regular and moderate stretching exercises combined with lysine-inositol VB12 can effectively promote height growth of children with ISS, which is clinically safe."( Exercise combined with lysine-inositol vitamin B12 promotes height growth in children with idiopathic short stature.
Chao, L; Pan, X; Sun, F; Zhang, J, )		0.13

Bioavailability

ExcerptReferenceRelevance
" The rapid conversion of hydroxo(aquo)cobalamin to sulfitocobalamin in the dark raises the possibility that hydroxocobalamin in foods may be converted to the less well absorbed sulfitocobalamin in the upper gastrointestinal tract."( Conversion of hydroxo(aquo) cobalamin to sulfitocobalamin in the absence of light: a reaction of importance in the identification of the forms of vitamin B12, with possible clinical significance.
Adams, JF; Farquharson, J, 1977)		0.26
" The rate of absorption of vitamin B12 from the intestinal loops is decreased in x-irradiated rat."( Vitamin B12 absorption in x-irradiated rats.
D'Souza, DW; Sreenivasan, A; Vakil, UK, 1975)		0.25
" The rate of absorption of from two to six of the amino acids tested was lower in 7 of the patients than in the control subjects."( Malabsorption of essential amino acids in tropical sprue.
Corcino, JJ; Klipstein, FA, 1975)		0.25
"The role of bacteria in the bioavailability of protein-bound vitamin B12 was examined in eight elderly subjects who had atrophic gastritis and in eight normal controls."( Reversal of protein-bound vitamin B12 malabsorption with antibiotics in atrophic gastritis.
Goldin, BR; Golner, BB; Morrow, FD; Russell, RM; Suter, PM, 1991)		0.28
" It seems unjustified to advocate algae and other plant foods as a safe source of vitamin B-12 because its bioavailability is questionable."( Vitamin B-12 from algae appears not to be bioavailable.
Dagnelie, PC; van den Berg, H; van Staveren, WA, 1991)		0.28
" These results demonstrate for the first time that vitamin B12 involved as coenzyme in biochemical reactions related to the liberation of methyl synthesis synthesis through the bioavailability of choline, the enzyme substrate of choline acetyltransferase."( Effects of vitamin B12 supplementation on choline acetyltransferase activity in cat brain.
Nadeau, A; Roberge, AG, 1988)		0.27
" This has place a greater emphasis on the bioavailability of nutrients in foods because the total intake of nutrients is generally closely linked with total caloric intake."( Bioavailability of vitamins.
Sauberlich, HE, 1985)		0.27
" The absorption rate of vitamin E into the intestine was reduced when konjac mannan was added to the test meals, but that of vitamin B12 was not reduced in normal or diabetic subjects."( Influence of dietary fiber (konjac mannan) on absorption of vitamin B12 and vitamin E.
Baba, S; Doi, K; Kawara, A; Matsuura, M; Tanaka, T, 1983)		0.27
"Biochemical investigations show a decreased bioavailability of 5-methyl-tetrahydrofolic acid in vitamin B12 deficient human cell cultures and bone marrow cells."( [Vitamin B12 as a regulator and methotrexate as an antagonist of folic acid metabolism. Pathophysiologic and clinical aspects].
Sauer, H, 1983)		0.27
" Integrated areas under the curves (AUC) for D-xylose concentration versus time were calculated for intravenous and oral doses, and D-xylose bioavailability was determined."( Malabsorption and deficiency of vitamin B12 in HIV-infected patients with chronic diarrhea.
Boorstein, HL; Carlson, SJ; Craig, RM; Ehrenpreis, ED, 1994)		0.29
" Low meat intake and poor dietary iron bioavailability were associated with anemia in women."( Iron, vitamin B-12 and folate status in Mexico: associated factors in men and women and during pregnancy and lactation.
Allen, LH; Black, AK; Chávez, A; de Mata, MP; Pelto, GH, 1994)		0.29
" To test these hypotheses, we determined the bioavailability of folate in serum and in ascitic/cystic fluids of ovarian carcinoma patients (n = 36)."( Homocysteine accumulation in human ovarian carcinoma ascitic/cystic fluids possibly caused by metabolic alteration of the methionine cycle in ovarian carcinoma cells.
Boiocchi, M; Corona, G; Donada, C; Fabris, M; Toffoli, G; Viel, A; Zarrelli, A, 1997)		0.3
" Results from vitamin B12 bioavailability studies in healthy subjects suggest that > 300 micrograms probably suffices as an oral maintenance dose after parenteral loading."( Studies on vitamin B12 status in the elderly--prophylactic and therapeutic consequences.
Loew, D; Schroedter, A; Wanitschke, R, 1999)		0.3
" Bioactive substances present in foods of plant origin significantly influence the bioavailability of minerals and requirements for vitamins."( The nutritional adequacy of plant-based diets.
Sanders, TA, 1999)		0.3
"The buccal bioadhesive device appears to improve the oral bioavailability of cyanocobalamin by providing controlled delivery of the drug to the gastrointestinal tract."( In vitro-in vivo evaluation of a controlled release buccal bioadhesive device for oral drug delivery.
Goldman, D; Madan, PL; Sause, R; Tiwari, D; Town, C, 1999)		0.3
"In this crossover, single-blind study, the bioavailability of B12 and folate, fasting and postprandially, was measured in 30 pregnant women for two prenatal multivitamin/multimineral supplements (Stuartnatal Plus and Materna, Wyeth-Ayerst Pharmaceuticals, Philadelphia, PA) and a placebo."( Vitamin B12 and folate bioavailability from two prenatal multivitamin/multimineral supplements.
Conway, ME; Dawson, EB; Evans, DR; McGanity, WJ, 2000)		0.31
"Nothing is directly known about the bioavailability of vitamin B-12 from dairy products or fortified grain products."( Older men and women efficiently absorb vitamin B-12 from milk and fortified bread.
Baik, H; Kehayias, JJ; Russell, RM, 2001)		0.31
" Finally, one of the most important aspects of determining bioavailability in developing reference intakes is that as new information emerges, new complexities enter into the process."( National nutrition and public health policies: issues related to bioavailability of nutrients when developing dietary reference intakes.
Yates, AA, 2001)		0.31
" In addition, bioavailability of zinc and iron from plant foods can be low."( Considerations in planning vegan diets: children.
Mangels, AR; Messina, V, 2001)		0.31
"To clarify the bioavailability of vitamin B12 in lyophylized purple laver (nori; Porphyra yezoensis), total vitamin B12 and vitamin B12 analogue contents in the laver were determined, and the effects of feeding the laver to vitamin B12-deficient rats were investigated."( Feeding dried purple laver (nori) to vitamin B12-deficient rats significantly improves vitamin B12 status.
Abe, K; Ebara, S; Miyamoto, E; Nakano, Y; Sugiyama, S; Takenaka, S; Tamura, Y; Tsuyama, S; Watanabe, F, 2001)		0.31
" The increased bioavailability of synthetic folic acid (SFA) was included in the analysis."( Folate fortification: potential impact on folate intake in an older population.
Bantick, JM; Flood, VM; Macintyre, R; Mitchell, P; Rubin, GL; Sindhusake, D; Smith, W; Webb, KL, 2001)		0.31
" Microcrystalline cellulose, dextran microspheres, and crospovidone were chosen for an in vivo bioavailability study in rabbits."( Spray-dried powders as nasal absorption enhancers of cyanocobalamin.
García-Arieta, A; Goya, L; Torrado, JJ; Torrado-Santiago, S, 2001)		0.31
"The presence of nutrient binders in milk may have an important role during milk production and may influence the nutrient's bioavailability to the infant."( Binding of transcobalamin II by human mammary epithelial cells.
Adkins, Y; Lönnerdal, B, 2001)		0.31
" Furthermore these studies would have to be targeted to individuals with common genetic polymorphisms that alter the bioavailability of specific micronutrients and the affinity of specific key enzymes involved in DNA metabolism for their micronutrient co-factor."( Micronutrients and genomic stability: a new paradigm for recommended dietary allowances (RDAs).
Fenech, M, 2002)		0.31
" Mechanisms responsible for endothelial dysfunction in hyperhomocyst(e)inemia may involve impaired bioavailability of NO, possibly secondary to accumulation of the endogenous NO synthase inhibitor asymmetric dimethylarginine (ADMA) and increased oxidative stress."( ADMA and oxidative stress are responsible for endothelial dysfunction in hyperhomocyst(e)inemia: effects of L-arginine and B vitamins.
Arakawa, N; Bode-Böger, SM; Böger, RH; Frölich, JC; Hornig, B; Schwedhelm, E; Sydow, K; Tsikas, D, 2003)		0.32
" Corrinoid-compounds were purified and characterized from these algae to clarify the chemical properties and bioavailability of the algal vitamin B12."( Characterization and bioavailability of vitamin B12-compounds from edible algae.
Ebara, S; Kittaka-Katsura, H; Miyamoto, E; Takenaka, S; Watanabe, F, 2002)		0.31
"The natural folate derivative, 5-methyltetrahydrofolate ([6S]-5-MTHF), could be an option for supplementation and fortification but its bioavailability remains unclear."( The short-term bioavailabilities of [6S]-5-methyltetrahydrofolate and folic acid are equivalent in men.
Connolly, E; Krämer, K; McKillop, DJ; McNulty, H; McPartlin, JM; Molloy, A; Pentieva, K; Reichert, R; Scott, JM; Strain, JJ; Ward, M, 2004)		0.32
" Areas for research include intermittent vitamin B12 supplement dosing and better measurements of the bioavailability of B12 in fermented vegetarian foods and algae."( Vitamin B12 deficiency as a worldwide problem.
Allen, RH; Stabler, SP, 2004)		0.32
" Furthermore, the reduced acid secretion leads to an alkalinization of the small intestine, which may result in bacterial overgrowth and thus to a further decrease of the bioavailability of the vitamin."( Cobalamin: a critical vitamin in the elderly.
Hahn, A; Ströhle, A; Wolters, M, 2004)		0.32
"To determine the intraocular bioavailability of a novel embodiment for vitamin B(12) delivered to the ocular surface by a piezo-electric ultrasonic nebulizer."( Bioavailability of vitamin B using a small-volume nebulizer ophthalmic drug delivery system.
Kahn, M, 2005)		0.33
" Little is known about the relative bioavailability of crystalline cobalamin added to food products."( Effect of supplementation with cobalamin carried either by a milk product or a capsule in mildly cobalamin-deficient elderly Dutch persons.
Blom, HJ; de Groot, LC; Dhonukshe-Rutten, RA; Eussen, SJ; van Staveren, WA; van Zutphen, M, 2005)		0.33
" Folate and vitamin B12 levels rose significantly, suggesting that the supplement was well absorbed and that participants adhered to the protocol."( Effects of short-term supplementation with ascorbate, folate, and vitamins B6 and B12 on inflammatory factors and estrogen levels in obese postmenopausal women.
Palmas, W, 2006)		0.33
" The basal diet provided the 5 test vitamins at concentrations of total and estimated bioavailability equivalent to a minimum of 100 and 70%, respectively, of their estimated requirements (NRC, 1998) for 5- to 10-kg pigs."( Dietary B vitamin needs of strains of pigs with high and moderate lean growth.
Ewan, RC; Lutz, TR; Stahly, TS; Swenson, SG; Williams, NH, 2007)		0.34
"Previous findings for the Texas Neural Tube Defects Project suggested that while maternal access to nutrients is adequate, bioavailability of nutrients to the fetus is compromised in NTD-affected pregnancies."( Neural tube defects, micronutrient deficiencies, and Helicobacter pylori: a new hypothesis.
Brender, JD; Canfield, M; Felkner, M; Liszka, B; Suarez, L, 2007)		0.34
"0 microg per meal under physiologic conditions, vitamin B(12) bioavailability significantly decreases with increasing intake of vitamin B(12) per meal."( Vitamin B12 sources and bioavailability.
Watanabe, F, 2007)		0.34
"4 microg/d be met primarily with crystalline vitamin B12, which is believed to be well absorbed in individuals who have food-bound malabsorption."( If high folic acid aggravates vitamin B12 deficiency what should be done about it?
Johnson, MA, 2007)		0.34
" Differences in growth rate and Hg bioavailability do not account for this large decrease in MeHg production upon Co limitation."( Cobalt limitation of growth and mercury methylation in sulfate-reducing bacteria.
Ekstrom, EB; Morel, FM, 2008)		0.35
"To prolong the precorneal resident time and improve ocular bioavailability of the drug, Pluronic-g-poly(acrylic acid) copolymers were studied as a temperature-responsive in situ gelling vehicle for an ophthalmic drug delivery system."( Temperature-responsive, Pluronic-g-poly(acrylic acid) copolymers in situ gels for ophthalmic drug delivery: rheology, in vitro drug release, and in vivo resident property.
Ma, WD; Nie, SF; Pan, WS; Xu, H, 2008)		0.35
" Pharmaceutical bioavailability of ascorbic acid and cyanocobalamin has been studied using in-vitro methods to develop optimal base for suppositories."( [Technology of vitamins containing double layer suppositories].
Bakuridze, AD; Berashvili, DT; Kurdiani, NG; Maglakelidze, GM; Tsagareishvili, NT, 2008)		0.35
" Natural food folates have a limited ability to enhance folate status as a result of their poor stability under typical cooking conditions and incomplete bioavailability when compared with the synthetic vitamin, folic acid (as found in supplements and fortified foods)."( Intake and status of folate and related B-vitamins: considerations and challenges in achieving optimal status.
McNulty, H; Scott, JM, 2008)		0.35
"A crossover single-dose bioavailability study (n = 3) using gamma-tocopherol as exposure marker and a crossover unblinded dietary intervention study (5 weeks) in subjects at risk (n = 25)."( Consumption of restructured meat products with added walnuts has a cholesterol-lowering effect in subjects at high cardiovascular risk: a randomised, crossover, placebo-controlled study.
Blanco-Navarro, I; Blázquez-García, S; Granado-Lorencio, F; Herrero-Barbudo, C; Olmedilla-Alonso, B; Pérez-Sacristán, B, 2008)		0.35
" Fortification with vitamin B12 may prove more complicated than fortification with folic acid, however, because the bioavailability of vitamin B12 is limited."( Efficacy and safety of fortification and supplementation with vitamin B12: biochemical and physiological effects.
Carmel, R, 2008)		0.35
"Lambs with concentrations of vitamin B12 in plasma and liver in the marginal reference range were able to metabolise propionate and maintain normal concentrations of MMA in plasma at a rate of absorption of propionate close to that which would depress appetite."( Vitamin B12 absorption and metabolism in milk-fed lambs.
Furlong, JM; Gruner, TM; Sedcole, JR; Sykes, AR, 2009)		0.35
" Low vitamin B-12 intake may lead to decreased bioavailability and functional deficiency of cobalamin."( Vitamin B-12 and homocysteine status among vegetarians: a global perspective.
Elmadfa, I; Singer, I, 2009)		0.35
"Oat-bran helps to improve constipation management and B12 bioavailability in elderly, with multiple chronic diseases who live in nursing homes."( The status of vitamins B6, B12, folate, and of homocysteine in geriatric home residents receiving laxatives or dietary fiber.
Dietrich, A; Elmadfa, I; Gisinger, C; Sturtzel, B; Wagner, KH, 2010)		0.36
"This article provides a review of how the challenge of bioavailability was approached in establishing the Dietary Reference Intakes, with a special focus on folic acid, vitamin B-12, beta-carotene, iron, selenium, and zinc, the targeted micronutrients for this workshop."( Micronutrient bioavailability: Dietary Reference Intakes and a future perspective.
Hambidge, KM, 2010)		0.36
" However, the folate model itself, the success of which was predicted by successful clinical trials and the known favorable facts of high folic acid bioavailability and the infrequency of folate malabsorption, may not apply to cobalamin fortification."( Mandatory fortification of the food supply with cobalamin: an idea whose time has not yet come.
Carmel, R, 2011)		0.37
" In addition, further research should evaluate the bioavailability of the vitamin from fortified flour by elderly people with food cobalamin malabsorption and gastric atrophy."( Considering the case for vitamin B12 fortification of flour.
Allen, LH; Oakley, GP; Omenn, GS; Rosenberg, IH, 2010)		0.36
" The percentage of those with anemia and low ferritin was most significant in premenopausal women; however, the overall iron bioavailability improved significantly with pronounced weight loss, suggesting a reduction in inflammation."( Anemia after bariatric surgery cannot be explained by iron deficiency alone: results of a large cohort study.
Andris, DA; Jackson, S; Klein, J; Nuttleman, PR; von Drygalski, A; Wallace, JR, )		0.13
"The present project aimed to estimate bioavailability of dietary vitamin B(12), for which little information is available in growing pigs."( Bioavailability of dietary cyanocobalamin (vitamin B12) in growing pigs.
Girard, CL; Guay, F; Le Floc'h, N; Matte, JJ, 2010)		0.36
" In order to achieve an optimal iron status, both an adequate amount of iron intake and its bioavailability should be considered."( The nutritional status of iron, folate, and vitamin B-12 of Buddhist vegetarians.
Krawinkel, M; Lee, Y, 2011)		0.37
" Most of the information on B12 bioavailability from foods was collected 40 to 50 years ago, using radioactive isotopes of cobalt to label the corrinoid ring."( Bioavailability of vitamin B12.
Allen, LH, 2010)		0.36
" Oral vitamin B(12) formulations have low bioavailability in patients with malabsorption and are considered less reliable than parenteral treatments."( Comparing the efficacy and tolerability of a new daily oral vitamin B12 formulation and intermittent intramuscular vitamin B12 in normalizing low cobalamin levels: a randomized, open-label, parallel-group study.
Bhargava, P; Brazzillo, K; Castelli, MC; Friedman, K; Genoble, L; Riley, MG; Sherry, J, 2011)		0.37
" Vitamin B12 absolute bioavailability estimates were calculated between the oral (A, B, and C) and IV (D) treatments using non-baseline-adjusted vitamin B12 concentrations as well as baseline-adjusted vitamin B12 concentrations, with or without body weight adjustments."( Pharmacokinetics of oral cyanocobalamin formulated with sodium N-[8-(2-hydroxybenzoyl)amino]caprylate (SNAC): an open-label, randomized, single-dose, parallel-group study in healthy male subjects.
Castelli, MC; Friedman, K; Riley, MG; Wong, DF, 2011)		0.37
" The oral cyanocobalamin formulation containing SNAC had greater mean absolute bioavailability than the commercial oral formulation (5."( Pharmacokinetics of oral cyanocobalamin formulated with sodium N-[8-(2-hydroxybenzoyl)amino]caprylate (SNAC): an open-label, randomized, single-dose, parallel-group study in healthy male subjects.
Castelli, MC; Friedman, K; Riley, MG; Wong, DF, 2011)		0.37
"An oral formulation of 5-mg cyanocobalamin containing 100-mg SNAC, an absorption enhancer, provided significantly improved bioavailability and a significant decrease in T(max) for B12 in a small study of normal healthy subjects compared with a commercially available 5-mg cyanocobalamin oral formulation."( Pharmacokinetics of oral cyanocobalamin formulated with sodium N-[8-(2-hydroxybenzoyl)amino]caprylate (SNAC): an open-label, randomized, single-dose, parallel-group study in healthy male subjects.
Castelli, MC; Friedman, K; Riley, MG; Wong, DF, 2011)		0.37
"Homocysteine is a cardiovascular risk factor, its metabolism is influenced by certain B vitamins and it is associated with endothelial dysfunction probably due to impaired bioavailability of NO caused by homocysteine-induced accumulation of asymmetric dimethylarginine (ADMA), an endogenous inhibitor of NO synthase."( Homocysteine and asymmetric dimethylarginine in relation to B vitamins in elderly people.
Elmadfa, I; Fabian, E; Kickinger, A; Wagner, KH, 2011)		0.37
"The significant correlation between homocysteine and ADMA observed in this study may be an important mechanism decreasing NO bioavailability and so causing endothelial dysfunction."( Homocysteine and asymmetric dimethylarginine in relation to B vitamins in elderly people.
Elmadfa, I; Fabian, E; Kickinger, A; Wagner, KH, 2011)		0.37
"0 mg/d) was explained by different assumed reference weights and bioavailability factors (10-18 %)."( Explaining the variability in recommended intakes of folate, vitamin B12, iron and zinc for adults and elderly people.
Cavelaars, AE; de Groot, LC; Dhonukshe-Rutten, RA; Doets, EL; van 't Veer, P, 2012)		0.38
"For the harmonisation of approaches for setting recommended intakes of folate, vitamin B12, Fe and Zn across European countries, standardised methods are needed to (i) select health indicators and define adequate biomarker concentrations, (ii) make assumptions about inter-individual variation in requirements, (iii) derive bioavailability factors and (iv) collate, select, interpret and integrate evidence on requirements."( Explaining the variability in recommended intakes of folate, vitamin B12, iron and zinc for adults and elderly people.
Cavelaars, AE; de Groot, LC; Dhonukshe-Rutten, RA; Doets, EL; van 't Veer, P, 2012)		0.38
"Several factors limit the absorption and bioavailability of vitamins."( A randomized placebo-controlled crossover trial of aloe vera on bioavailability of vitamins C and B(12), blood glucose, and lipid profile in healthy human subjects.
Devaraj, S; Jialal, I; Jialal, R; Rockwood, J; Singh, S; Yun, JM, 2010)		0.36
" The bioavailability of B12 from different food products varies considerably, for example from the chicken meat it ranges from 61 to 66%, from fish meat is 42%, and from eggs below 9% only."( [Evaluation of the needs and possibilities of increasing the vitamin B12 content in diet].
Cholewa, M; Sicińska, E, 2012)		0.38
"To systematically review the literature on daily losses and bioavailability of vitamin B12."( Systematic review on daily vitamin B12 losses and bioavailability for deriving recommendations on vitamin B12 intake with the factorial approach.
Brzozowska, A; Cavelaars, AE; de Groot, LC; Dhonukshe-Rutten, RA; Doets, EL; In 't Veld, PH; Szczecińska, A; van 't Veer, P, 2013)		0.39
"We identified publications on daily vitamin B12 losses (July 2011) and publications on the bioavailability of vitamin B12 from foods or diets (June 2010) in MEDLINE, EMBASE and the Cochrane Library."( Systematic review on daily vitamin B12 losses and bioavailability for deriving recommendations on vitamin B12 intake with the factorial approach.
Brzozowska, A; Cavelaars, AE; de Groot, LC; Dhonukshe-Rutten, RA; Doets, EL; In 't Veld, PH; Szczecińska, A; van 't Veer, P, 2013)		0.39
" However, the growth of these cosmopolitan organisms depends on the bioavailability of nutrients such as vitamins."( Unraveling vitamin B12-responsive gene regulation in algae.
Araujo, AP; Helliwell, KE; Purton, S; Sasso, S; Scaife, MA; Smith, AG, 2014)		0.4
"The effect of chitosan on the intestinal absorption of cyanocobalamin (VB12), a stable form of vitamin B12, was investigated in vivo in rats, with the aim of improving the oral bioavailability of VB12 for anemia treatment in patients with gastrectomy."( In vivo application of chitosan to improve bioavailability of cyanocobalamin, a form of vitamin B12, following intraintestinal administration in rats.
Aiba, T; Goto, Y; Masuda, A, 2015)		0.42
" The bioavailability of the many antioxidant ingredients a vitamin and trace element composition was investigated, to reveal the neuroprotective (preventive) potential of the composition."( Neuroprotective impact of a vitamin trace element composition - a randomized, double blind, placebo controlled clinical trial with healthy volunteers.
Endler, T; Mosgoeller, W; Muss, C, 2015)		0.42
" We confirmed the bioavailability of ingredients, and determined metabolic parameters associated with the integrity of the blood brain barrier, mitochondrial deficiency (Q 10), neurodegeneration (homocystein), and antioxidative capacity (e."( Neuroprotective impact of a vitamin trace element composition - a randomized, double blind, placebo controlled clinical trial with healthy volunteers.
Endler, T; Mosgoeller, W; Muss, C, 2015)		0.42
" Bioavailability to the pool of nutrients might determine selectivity."( Association of folate and other one-carbon related nutrients with hypermethylation status and expression of RARB, BRCA1, and RASSF1A genes in breast cancer patients.
Atri, M; Mehdipour, P; Pirouzpanah, S; Taleban, FA, 2015)		0.42
" The contribution of ruminant food sources to B12 intake is specifically evaluated, with its bioavailability taken into account."( Vitamin B12 in meat and dairy products.
Gille, D; Schmid, A, 2015)		0.42
"Cbl added to milk (spiked with rbTC) has high bioavailability matching that of free Cbl."( Absorption and retention of free and milk protein-bound cyano- and hydroxocobalamins. An experimental study in rats.
Fedosov, SN; Greibe, E; Heegaard, CW; Juul, CB; Kornerup, LS; Nexo, E, 2016)		0.43
" Plasma insulin and blood glucose levels were measured in diabetic rats and showed about four fold increases in insulin bioavailability and sustained hypoglycemic effects up to 12h of administration with VitB12-Chi-CPNPs in comparison to Chi-CPNPs."( Vitamin B12 functionalized layer by layer calcium phosphate nanoparticles: A mucoadhesive and pH responsive carrier for improved oral delivery of insulin.
Dwivedi, P; Gupta, GK; Gupta, PK; Mishra, PR; Sharma, S; Singh, A; Teja, BV; Trivedi, R; Verma, A, 2016)		0.43
" Apart from pH responsive behavior it utilizes multiple pathways to improve the overall bioavailability of insulin including paracellular transport and receptor mediated endocytosis."( Vitamin B12 functionalized layer by layer calcium phosphate nanoparticles: A mucoadhesive and pH responsive carrier for improved oral delivery of insulin.
Dwivedi, P; Gupta, GK; Gupta, PK; Mishra, PR; Sharma, S; Singh, A; Teja, BV; Trivedi, R; Verma, A, 2016)		0.43
"It was recommended that survey of heavy metals in grazing fields of cattle should consider inclusion of multiple elements that compete with the bioavailability of essential elements in plants and animals for the prevention of deficiency of essential elements such as Co."( Relationship between soil cobalt and vitamin B12 levels in the liver of livestock in Saudi Arabia: role of competing elements in soils.
Huwait, EA; Kumosani, TA; Mosaoa, RM; Moselhy, SS; Yaghmoor, SS, 2015)		0.42
" Microbiological assay confirmed production and bioavailability of produced vitamin, while UFLC testing validated the results by precisely quantifying the cyanocobalamin (industrially produced bio-available form of B12) in cell extracts of both possible B12 producers [BHM10 (10."( Phenotypic and genotypic screening of human-originated lactobacilli for vitamin B12 production potential: process validation by micro-assay and UFLC.
Bhushan, B; Mandal, S; Tomar, SK, 2016)		0.43
" In this study, we formulated and characterized a novel intestinal target nanoparticle carrier based on amphiphilic chitosan derivatives (Chit-DC-VB12) loaded with scutellarin to enhance its bioavailability and then evaluated its therapeutic effect in experimental diabetic retinopathy model."( Enhancement of scutellarin oral delivery efficacy by vitamin B12-modified amphiphilic chitosan derivatives to treat type II diabetes induced-retinopathy.
Chen, L; Deng, DY; Huang, P; Long, L; Luo, J; Tan, J; Wang, J; Yang, L; Zhang, LM; Zhou, W; Zhu, B, 2017)		0.46
" Bioavailability studies were performed in Sprague-Dawley rats, which present the area under the curve of scutellarin of Chit-DC-VB12-Scu was two to threefolds greater than that of free scutellarin alone."( Enhancement of scutellarin oral delivery efficacy by vitamin B12-modified amphiphilic chitosan derivatives to treat type II diabetes induced-retinopathy.
Chen, L; Deng, DY; Huang, P; Long, L; Luo, J; Tan, J; Wang, J; Yang, L; Zhang, LM; Zhou, W; Zhu, B, 2017)		0.46
"Chit-DC-VB12 nanoparticles loaded with scutellarin have better bioavailability and cellular uptake efficiency than Scu, while Chit-DC-VB12-Scu nanoparticles alleviated the structural disorder of intraretinal neovessels in the retina induced by diabetes, and it also inhibited the retinal neovascularization via down-regulated the expression of angiogenesis proteins."( Enhancement of scutellarin oral delivery efficacy by vitamin B12-modified amphiphilic chitosan derivatives to treat type II diabetes induced-retinopathy.
Chen, L; Deng, DY; Huang, P; Long, L; Luo, J; Tan, J; Wang, J; Yang, L; Zhang, LM; Zhou, W; Zhu, B, 2017)		0.46
" Finally, amnionless is a novel biomarker which can detect perturbed vitamin B12 bioavailability during aging and physical frailty."( Vitamin B12 deficiency and impaired expression of amnionless during aging.
Bosco, N; De Castro, A; Feige, JN; Goulet, L; Karaz, S; Larbi, A; Michaud, J; Migliavacca, E; Ng, TP; Pannérec, A; Rezzi, S, 2018)		0.48
" While iron is abundant in a variety of foods, its bioavailability (i."( Dietary sources of iron and vitamin B12: Is this the missing link in colorectal carcinogenesis?
Banjari, I; Hjartåker, A, 2018)		0.48
" This narrative review is based on a systematic search of evidence on methods to assess B-12 bioavailability and technologies to enhance its absorption."( Methods to assess vitamin B12 bioavailability and technologies to enhance its absorption.
Allen, LH; Brito, A; Galaffu, N; Habeych, E; Silva-Zolezzi, I, 2018)		0.48
" Thus, while complex formation could improve the stability and bioavailability of cobalamin, these complexes might also mediate gut microecology to influence human nutrition and health."( Stability of vitamin B12 with the protection of whey proteins and their effects on the gut microbiome.
Feng, X; Han, J; Shi, L; Shou, Y; Wang, H; Xiang, S; Xu, Y; Zhu, X, 2019)		0.51
"To investigate the ingredients' bioavailability of the complex vitamin-mineral-trace element composition LaVita® we recruited healthy volunteers for six months and observed the changes of pregnancy relevant parameters by means of laboratory measures."( Potential of the multivitamin-mineral-trace element composition LaVita® before, during and after pregnancy.
Doerfler, D; Endler, TA; Mosgoeller, W; Muss, C, 2019)		0.51
" Achieving optimal nutritional status for preventing folate-related disease is challenging, however, primarily as a result of the poor stability and incomplete bioavailability of folate from natural food sources when compared with the synthetic vitamin form, folic acid."( Addressing optimal folate and related B-vitamin status through the lifecycle: health impacts and challenges.
Hoey, L; Hughes, CF; McNulty, H; Pentieva, K; Ward, M, 2019)		0.51
" H/VC-LPNs substantially increased curcumin bioavailability in rats."( Functional lipid polymeric nanoparticles for oral drug delivery: Rapid mucus penetration and improved cell entry and cellular transport.
Feng, N; He, Y; Hou, X; Jiang, Z; Liu, Y; Shen, J; Shi, J; Wang, Z; Xie, X, 2019)		0.51
" As oral supplementation is limited by its bioavailability due to the absorptive property of intrinsic factor, clinicians often prescribe parenteral forms of administration to replenish diminished levels rapidly."( In-vivo Intradermal Delivery of Co-57 labeled Vitamin B-12, and Subsequent Comparison with Standard Subcutaneous Administration
Bormans, G; Celen, S; Ceyssens, F; Chaudhuri, BP; Kraft, M; Puers, R, 2019)		0.51
"Owing to the widespread use of vitamin supplements to prevent and compensate for deficiencies, the equivalence of natural versus synthetic vitamins with respect to their bioavailability and metabolic influence is discussed controversially."( [Bioavailability of natural versus synthetic B vitamins and their effects on metabolic processes].
Cvirn, G; Fuchs, N; Lamont, E; Lindschinger, B; Lindschinger, M; Markolin, G; Schimetta, W; Schmid, I; Tatzber, F; Wonisch, W, 2020)		0.56
" The lipid composition of cell membranes and molecule-cell membrane lipid interactions are major factors affecting the bioavailability of nutrients."( Molecular interactions between Vitamin B12 and membrane models: A biophysical study for new insights into the bioavailability of Vitamin.
Andrade, S; Coelho, MAN; Loureiro, JA; Pereira, MC; Ramalho, MJ, 2020)		0.56
" The measurement of bioavailability of vitamin B-12 is etiologically important in deficiency but is limited due to the use of radioactive isotopes like [57Co]- or [14C]-cyanocobalamin."( Measuring vitamin B-12 bioavailability with [13C]-cyanocobalamin in humans.
Bhat, K; Devi, S; Kurpad, AV; Mandal, AK; Pasanna, RM; Shamshuddin, Z; Sivadas, A, 2020)		0.56
"The aim of this study was to measure the bioavailability of [13C]-cyanocobalamin in humans and to assess the effect of parenteral replenishment of vitamin B-12 on the bioavailability."( Measuring vitamin B-12 bioavailability with [13C]-cyanocobalamin in humans.
Bhat, K; Devi, S; Kurpad, AV; Mandal, AK; Pasanna, RM; Shamshuddin, Z; Sivadas, A, 2020)		0.56
" After purification and mass spectrometry-based characterization, its oral bioavailability was measured in the fasted state with high and low oral doses, before and after parenteral replenishment of vitamin B-12 stores, from the kinetics of its plasma appearance in a 2-compartment model."( Measuring vitamin B-12 bioavailability with [13C]-cyanocobalamin in humans.
Bhat, K; Devi, S; Kurpad, AV; Mandal, AK; Pasanna, RM; Shamshuddin, Z; Sivadas, A, 2020)		0.56
"Vitamin B-12 bioavailability is dose dependent and at a low dose that approximates the normal daily requirement (46%)."( Measuring vitamin B-12 bioavailability with [13C]-cyanocobalamin in humans.
Bhat, K; Devi, S; Kurpad, AV; Mandal, AK; Pasanna, RM; Shamshuddin, Z; Sivadas, A, 2020)		0.56
" The bioavailability and adequacy of cobalamin in food supplements should be reconsidered."( Serum cobalamin in children with moderate acute malnutrition in Burkina Faso: Secondary analysis of a randomized trial.
Briend, A; Christensen, VB; Cichon, B; Fabiansen, C; Filteau, S; Friis, H; Frikke-Schmidt, R; Iuel-Brockdorff, AS; Michaelsen, KF; Olsen, MF; Ritz, C; Yaméogo, CW, 2022)		0.72
" Vitamin B-12 bioavailability varies between food sources, so their importance in preventing deficiency may also vary."( Vitamin B-12 Intake from Dairy but Not Meat Is Associated with Decreased Risk of Low Vitamin B-12 Status and Deficiency in Older Adults from Quebec, Canada.
Allard, D; Auray-Blais, C; Boutin, M; Cohen, AA; Gaudreau, P; Huang, HH; Presse, N; Reid, I; Turcot, V, 2022)		0.72
"The ATP-binding cassette transporter P-glycoprotein (P-gp) is known to limit both brain penetration and oral bioavailability of many chemotherapy drugs."( A High-Throughput Screen of a Library of Therapeutics Identifies Cytotoxic Substrates of P-glycoprotein.
Ambudkar, SV; Brimacombe, KR; Chen, L; Gottesman, MM; Guha, R; Hall, MD; Klumpp-Thomas, C; Lee, OW; Lee, TD; Lusvarghi, S; Robey, RW; Shen, M; Tebase, BG, 2019)		0.51

Dosage Studied

ExcerptRelevanceReference
" The dose-response relationship between feed intake, liver hemorrhagic score and liver lipid content was again demonstrated."( Effect of inositol, lecithin, vitamins (B12 with choline and E), and iodinated casein on induced fatty liver-hemorrhagic syndrome in laying chickens.
Polin, D; Wolford, JH, 1975)		0.25
" At low dosage (50 mg."( In vivo hepatic and intestinal toxicity of sodium cyanate in rats: cyanate-induced alterations in hepatic glycogen metabolism.
Conrad, ME; Glader, BE; Haut, MJ; Hildenbrandt, PK; Toskes, PP, 1975)		0.25
" An optimal dosage scheme is given."( [Symptom changes and rational therapy of vitamin B12 absorption disturbances (author's transl)].
Spatz, R, 1977)		0.26
" Additional dosage of vitamins compensated the biochemical B6 deficit and had an accelerating effect on heme synthesis."( [The treatment of anemia due to iron-deficiency with iron combined with vitamins (author's transl)].
Kurz, R; Reinken, L, 1978)		0.26
" Flavophospholipol is of interest thanks to its easier dosing and positive effect on the cyanocobalamin and ubichinon deposition in the liver and partly as its stimulative action."( [Nutritive action of flavophospholipol and virginiamycin on broiler pullets].
Daskalova, A; Drumev, D; Gabrashanski, P; Gakhniian, R; Rusev, V, 1976)		0.26
" The parenteral administration of folic acid and vitamin B12 in adequate dosage did not alter these changes."( Nuclear abnormalities of marrow normoblasts as a normal occurrence in laboratory baboons in Kenya.
Davies, JD; Newson, J, 1975)		0.25
"The dose-response calculation for radio assay of vitamin B12 is carried out using a straight line and a third degree curve to fit the experimentally obtained calibration points."( Critical evaluation of the logit-log plot for the radio assay of vitamin B12.
Paquet, C; Pouliot, M; Shoucri, R, 1976)		0.26
"Cholestyramine in a mean dosage of 0-6 g/kg/day has been given to 18 children with familial hypercholesterolaemia for between one and two and a half years."( The effect of cholestyramine on intestinal absorption.
Lloyd, JK; West, RJ, 1975)		0.25
"Comparative in vivo absorption of cyanocobalamin from two dosage forms, gelatin capsule and liquid, was studied."( Comparison of the bioavailability of cyanocobalamin from capsule and liquid dosage forms.
Baun, DC; Bowen, BM; Wood, DE, 1975)		0.25
" The form of administration (ampoules, dragées), dosage and duration of treatment were left to the individual care-providing physician."( [Therapy of neuropathies with a vitamin B combination. Symptomatic treatment of painful diseases of the peripheral nervous system with a combination preparation of thiamine, pyridoxine and cyanocobalamin].
Eckert, M; Schejbal, P, 1992)		0.28
"The lithium content of human hair shows an approximately linear response to extradietary lithium supplementation at dosage levels of up to 2000 micrograms/d."( Lithium in scalp hair of adults, students, and violent criminals. Effects of supplementation and evidence for interactions of lithium with vitamin B12 and with other trace elements.
Flores-Arce, MF; Schrauzer, GN; Shrestha, KP, 1992)		0.28
" Methotrexate, a potent anti-leukemic agent by inhibiting tetrahydrofolate (THF) generation through inactivation of di-HF reductase, became highly anti-BNML, even in low dosage when combined with or preceded by N2O."( Anti-leukemic potential of methyl-cobalamin inactivation by nitrous oxide.
Abels, J; Ermens, AA; Kroes, AC; Lindemans, J; Schoester, M; Spijkers, LJ; van Kapel, J, 1990)		0.28
" Groups of lambs were untreated, regularly dosed with Co sulphate or vitamin B12, dosed with Co pellets, copper oxide needles (CuO), selenium pellets or Co-Se-Cu glass boli, or had access to Co enriched salt lick."( Ovine white-liver disease (OWLD) in Norway: clinical symptoms and preventive measures.
Pestalozzi, M; Ulvund, MJ, 1990)		0.28
"Vitamin B12 was daily supplemented to a semi-purified casein diet and given per os during 17 consecutive days to cats in a dosage of 25 micrograms/kg every morning at the meal time."( Effects of vitamin B12 supplementation on choline acetyltransferase activity in cat brain.
Nadeau, A; Roberge, AG, 1988)		0.27
" These damaging effects depended on the dosage and period of treatment with ADR."( [Study on producing rats with experimental testicular dysfunction and effects of mecobalamin].
Katoh, Y; Kimura, M; Ohkawa, I; Orikasa, S; Ozaki, S; Tajima, T, 1988)		0.27
" Regression of the symptoms followed liberal dosing with vitamin B12."( [Loss of smell and taste within the scope of vitamin B 12 deficiency].
Krakowsky, G; Mundt, B; Röder, H; Werner, E, 1987)		0.27
" A significant positive trend for prevalence of cyanide-related symptoms measured against levels of exposure was demonstrated, supporting a dose-response effect."( Cyanide intoxication among silver-reclaiming workers.
Bernard, B; Blanc, P; Hessl, S; Hogan, M; Hryhorczuk, D; Mallin, K, 1985)		0.27
" Animals dosed orally with cyano[57Co]cobalamin were killed 2 h later, and postnuclear supernatant fractions prepared from homogenates of the ileal mucosa were subjected to isopycnic centrifugation on reorientating sucrose density gradients."( Lysosomal localisation of cobalamin during absorption by the ileum of the dog.
Batt, RM; Horadagoda, NU, 1985)		0.27
" In both untreated and dosed animals serum and liver vitamin B12 concentrations were at the upper end of the normal range."( Boluses of controlled release glass for supplementing ruminants with cobalt.
Allen, WM; Drake, CF; Mallinson, CB; Sansom, BF; Stebbings, RJ, 1985)		0.27
" In the dilution and dosage unit based on the continuous-flow principle, vitamin samples were diluted to two different dose levels at a rate of 40 per hr, mixed with the inoculated test broth, and dispensed into culture tubes."( Semiautomated method for microbiological vitamin assays.
Behagel, HA; Berg, TM, 1972)		0.25
" The technic described here enables the dosage of low quantities of IF with a 7 per cent coefficient of variation."( [Focus on the radioimmunoassay of intrinsic factor in cats and rats].
Dubrasquet, M; Nicolas, JP; Perrin, MO, 1983)		0.27
" The influence of trace-nutrient-binding proteins on the growth of coliforms, streptococci and lactobacilli in the gastrointestinal tract was examined in neonatal rabbits delivered germ-free and dosed with an artificial flora (ESL), or born conventionally and dosed with ESL or rabbit faeces."( Trace-nutrient-binding proteins in milk and the growth of bacteria in the gut of infant rabbits.
Coates, ME; Cole, CB; Ford, JE; Fuller, R; Henschel, MJ; Scott, KJ, 1983)		0.27
" Further study is necessary to establish the optimal dosage and frequency of maintenance therapy in pernicious anemia."( Relapses after interruption of cyanocobalamin therapy in patients with pernicious anemia.
Lindenbaum, J; Savage, D, 1983)		0.27
" Some investigators recommend givng this dosage to women, who experience abnormal tryptophan metabolism, while others warn that the long-term effects of such high dosages are unknown."( Nutritional effects of oral contraceptive use: a review.
Webb, JL, 1980)		0.26
" Rats were dosed via stomach tube with radioactive forms of the vitamins and were killed 16 hours later."( The influence of aging on intestinal absorption of vitamin B12 and niacin in rats.
Barrows, CH; Fleming, BB, 1982)		0.26
" The dosage plan for hospitalized patients differed from that for outpatients."( Influence of neurotropic vitamins on the nerve conduction velocity in diabetic neuropathy.
Tong, HI, 1980)		0.26
" There was a strong dose-response relationship between midtrimester serum MMA level and the risk for an NTD-affected pregnancy, with the relative risk increasing 13-fold for women with MMA levels > 90th percentile."( Elevated midtrimester serum methylmalonic acid levels as a risk factor for neural tube defects.
Adams, MJ; Cheek, JE; Haddow, JE; Henry, JP; Khoury, MJ; Knight, GJ; Scanlon, KS; Stabler, SP; Stevenson, RE; Sylvester, GC, 1995)		0.29
" Maintenance therapy using the larger dosage may be necessary to meet metabolic requirements in many patients."( Vitamin B12 replacement therapy: how much is enough?
Watts, DT, 1994)		0.29
"To determine whether oral cobalt supplements could modify the clinical onset of annual ryegrass toxicity, groups (n = 5) of sheep were dosed orally with 0, 4 or 16 mg cobalt/day."( Increased tolerance to annual ryegrass toxicity in sheep given a supplement of cobalt.
Davies, SC; White, CL; Williams, IH, 1995)		0.29
" The present study determined the time course and the dose-response relationship of radiation-induced hyperpermeability in cultured bovine pulmonary artery endothelial (BPAE) cells."( Dose-response effects of radiation on the permeability of endothelial cells in culture.
Molteni, A; Taylor, JM; Ward, WF; Waters, CM, 1996)		0.29
" The purpose of the study was to determine the dose-response effects of olestra on fat-soluble vitamins and selected water-soluble micronutrients."( Olestra dose response on fat-soluble and water-soluble nutrients in the pig.
Berry, DA; Cooper, DA; King, D; Kiorpes, AL; Peters, JC; Spendel, VA, 1997)		0.3
" The dosage of these two substances help to differenciate between both carencies, but it is not determinant of any of them and is an expensive method."( [Megaloblastic anemia: rapid and economical study].
Cicchetti, G; Marín, GH; Tentoni, J, 1997)		0.3
" Significant direct dose-response relationships between the intakes of vitamin A and iron and the risk cirrhosis were observed, while significant protective effects were obtained for the intakes of vitamins B2 (riboflavin) and B12."( Alcohol consumption and micronutrient intake as risk factors for liver cirrhosis: a case-control study. The Provincial Group for the study of Chronic Liver Disease.
Corrao, G; D'Amicis, A; di Orio, F; Lepore, AR; Torchio, P; Zambon, A, 1998)		0.3
" This study further shows that Chemiron has a better haematological effect than Ferrous Gluconate at the dosage used."( The effect of 61 days of combined iron (Chemiron) and single iron therapy on haemoglobin, packed cell volume, platelets and reticulocytes during pregnancy. Preliminary report.
Ajayi, GO; Fadiran, EO, 1998)		0.3
" Food folate intake had an inverse dose-response relation with tHcy that was limited to nonusers of supplements."( Association of folate intake and serum homocysteine in elderly persons according to vitamin supplementation and alcohol use.
Allen, RH; Baumgartner, RN; Garry, PJ; Koehler, KM; Rimm, EB; Stabler, SP, 2001)		0.31
" A placebo-controlled study with a dose-response suggests that based on the micronucleus index in lymphocytes, an RDI level of 700microgram/day for folic acid and 7microgram/day for Vitamin B12 would be appropriate for genomic stability in young adults."( The role of folic acid and Vitamin B12 in genomic stability of human cells.
Fenech, M, 2001)		0.31
" Dosage levels can be as high as 1,000 micrograms in nasal gel or injection, administered two to seven times per week and combined with folic acid (5,000 to 10,000 micrograms per day)."( Vitamin B12 and cognitive impairment.
Huff, A, 1997)		0.3
" Different shapes of the dose-response relationship were seen for the 3 vascular disease categories."( Plasma total cysteine as a risk factor for vascular disease: The European Concerted Action Project.
El-Khairy, L; Graham, IM; Refsum, H; Ueland, PM; Vollset, SE, 2001)		0.31
" A curvilinear relationship exists between these cofactors and tHcy levels, with the dose-response relationship shifted to the right in the weight loss group."( Elevated homocysteine levels with weight loss after Lap-Band surgery: higher folate and vitamin B12 levels required to maintain homocysteine level.
Dixon, JB; Dixon, ME; O'Brien, PE, 2001)		0.31
" There is an altered dose-response relationship with higher serum B(12) and folate levels required to maintain recommended tHcy levels."( Elevated homocysteine levels with weight loss after Lap-Band surgery: higher folate and vitamin B12 levels required to maintain homocysteine level.
Dixon, JB; Dixon, ME; O'Brien, PE, 2001)		0.31
"05) with three vitamin dosages weekly, but not with one dosage weekly."( Homocyst(e)ine metabolism in hemodialysis patients treated with vitamins B6, B12 and folate.
Graefe, U; Henning, BF; Riezler, R; Tepel, M; Zidek, W, 2001)		0.31
"0 micromol of HCY/per embryo could disturb their heart development and differentiation of blood vessels at fetal ages of two and four days, in a dose-response pattern, with 24."( [Effects of homocysteine on cardiovascular development in early chicken embryo].
Chen, X; Li, S; Li, Y; Li, Z; Qi, P, 1999)		0.3
" The results of preformulation studies enabled detection of drug-excipients interactions and selection of compatible excipient system to the given drug composition to formulate dosage form of required stability, processability and effectiveness."( [Formulation of tablets decreasing plasma homocysteine levels].
Budavári, Z, 2001)		0.31
" The relationship between Cbl supplement dosage and the biochemical parameters was dose dependent."( Is low-dose oral cobalamin enough to normalize cobalamin function in older people?
Day, A; Evans, L; Freedman, M; Garcia, A; Paris-Pombo, A, 2002)		0.31
" Sample preparation was relatively simple whereas excipients present in the dosage forms did not interfere with the peaks of interest."( An optimized method for the simultaneous determination of vitamins B1, B6, B12 in multivitamin tablets by high performance liquid chromatography.
Kagkadis, KA; Koundourellis, JE; Markopoulou, CK, 2002)		0.31
"Serum MMA, tHcy, and other metabolites at baseline and after each 6-week dosing interval."( Response of elevated methylmalonic acid to three dose levels of oral cobalamin in older adults.
Allen, RH; Beresford, SA; Brodkin, KI; Rajan, S; Stabler, SP; Wallace, JI, 2002)		0.31
" Three divided doses of FA on GD 7 and continuous dosing of FA from GD 5 through GD 10 substantially reduced the VPA-induced exencephaly in the fetuses."( Amelioration of sodium valproate-induced neural tube defects in mouse fetuses by maternal folic acid supplementation during gestation.
Padmanabhan, R; Shafiullah, MM, 2003)		0.32
" The release profiles of the substances from the dosage forms were evaluated; the matrix appeared capable to modulate the diffusion of the chosen molecules, and different diffusion rates were observed, according to the different radii of the tested molecules."( Structural and rheological characterization of Scleroglucan/borax hydrogel for drug delivery.
Alhaique, F; Coluzzi, G; Coviello, T; Grassi, M; Palleschi, A; Santucci, E, 2003)		0.32
" In addition, a significant dose-response relation between plasma folate concentrations and risk for schizophrenia suggested a protective effect by high plasma folate concentrations."( Homocysteine metabolism and B-vitamins in schizophrenic patients: low plasma folate as a possible independent risk factor for schizophrenia.
Blom, H; Ellenbroek, B; Eskes, T; Muntjewerff, JW; Steegers, E; van der Put, N; Zitman, F, 2003)		0.32
" Starting at a plasma homocysteine concentration of approximately 10 micromol/l, the risk increase follows a linear dose-response relationship with no specific threshold level."( DACH-LIGA homocystein (german, austrian and swiss homocysteine society): consensus paper on the rational clinical use of homocysteine, folic acid and B-vitamins in cardiovascular and thrombotic diseases: guidelines and recommendations.
Dierkes, J; Fowler, B; Geisel, J; Herrmann, W; Pietrzik, K; Stanger, O; Weger, M, 2003)		0.32
" for 3 additional months, while the FOL dosage was constant."( Intravenous administration of vitamin B12 in the treatment of hyperhomocysteinemia associated with end-stage renal disease.
Alivanis, P; Arvanitis, A; Ganotakis, ES; Maliaraki, N; Margioris, AN; Papadakis, JA; Sratigis, S; Stilianou, K; Vardakis, KE; Vrentzos, GE, )		0.13
" There was no difference in Hcy reduction following the administration of either high or low dosage of vitamins B6 and B12 utilized in the present study."( Comparative study of response to treatment with supraphysiologic doses of B-vitamins in hyperhomocysteinemic hemodialysis patients.
Abassi, Z; Brenner, B; Green, J; Khankin, E; Lanir, N; Nakhoul, F; Plawner, M; Ramadan, R, 2004)		0.32
" The efficacy of a 30 days treatment with STRESSEN was evaluated through dosage of this amino acid and through a questionnaire on the general state of health."( ["STRESSEN" in the treatment of psycho-physical stress and hyperhomocysteinemia in patients with migraine without aura].
Di Sabato, F, 2004)		0.32
" Areas for research include intermittent vitamin B12 supplement dosing and better measurements of the bioavailability of B12 in fermented vegetarian foods and algae."( Vitamin B12 deficiency as a worldwide problem.
Allen, RH; Stabler, SP, 2004)		0.32
" The investigation of the dose-response effects of B vitamin supplementation on cognition and mood in middle-aged men and women using objective measures of cognition and accounting for the influence of confounding factors such age and education would be informative."( Associations between dietary intake of folate and vitamins B-12 and B-6 and self-reported cognitive function and psychological well-being in Australian men and women in midlife.
Bryan, J; Calvaresi, E, 2004)		0.32
" Dose-response relationships, a criterion for causality, were examined linking exposures to likelihood of case status."( Case-control study of multiple chemical sensitivity, comparing haematology, biochemistry, vitamins and serum volatile organic compound measures.
Baines, CJ; Cole, DE; Jazmaji, V; Loescher, B; Marshall, L; McKeown-Eyssen, GE; Riley, N, 2004)		0.32
" Notably, adjusted (for age and sex) dose-response curves for the postmethionine increase in homocysteine or fasting homocysteine versus betaine showed that the inverse associations were most pronounced at low serum folate, an observation that was confirmed by analyses of interaction."( Betaine and folate status as cooperative determinants of plasma homocysteine in humans.
Blom, HJ; den Heijer, M; Holm, PI; Keijzer, MB; Midttun, Ø; Ueland, PM; Vollset, SE, 2005)		0.33
" There was no dose-response relationship between homocysteine concentration and severity of preeclampsia."( Mapping the theories of preeclampsia: the role of homocysteine.
Carroli, G; Khan, KS; Kilby, MD; Latthe, PM; Mignini, LE; Villar, J, 2005)		0.33
" However, because of a lack of consistency in data, dose-response relationship, and biologic plausibility, the observed association cannot be considered causal from the current literature."( Mapping the theories of preeclampsia: the role of homocysteine.
Carroli, G; Khan, KS; Kilby, MD; Latthe, PM; Mignini, LE; Villar, J, 2005)		0.33
" Serum vitamin B12 was related to BMD in dose-response fashion up to about 200 pmol/L, and subjects with serum Hcy > or = 20 micromol/L had significantly lower BMD than subjects with serum Hcy < 10 micromol/L."( Relation between homocysteine and B-vitamin status indicators and bone mineral density in older Americans.
Jacques, PF; Morris, MS; Selhub, J, 2005)		0.33
" Additional studies are needed to define appropriate dosing for renally impaired patients receiving higher dose pemetrexed with vitamin supplementation."( Phase I and pharmacokinetic study of pemetrexed administered every 3 weeks to advanced cancer patients with normal and impaired renal function.
Baker, SD; Chaudhary, AK; Chaudhuri, T; Goetz, A; Hammond, LA; Johnson, RD; Latz, JE; Mita, AC; Molpus, K; Patnaik, A; Rowinsky, EK; Sandler, A; Simms, L; Sweeney, CJ; Takimoto, CH; Tolcher, AW; Villalona-Calero, M, 2006)		0.33
" Subjects with normal MMA were randomly assigned to 1 of 3 dosage groups: 0, 25, or 100 microg cyanocobalamin/d."( Elevated serum S-adenosylhomocysteine in cobalamin-deficient elderly and response to treatment.
Allen, RH; Dolce, ET; Johnson, MA; Stabler, SP, 2006)		0.33
" Dietary vitamins E and C were statistically significantly protective for both colon and rectal cancer at all levels of consumption, and for both vitamins there was a dose-response effect of increasing protection, particularly so for colon cancer."( Colorectal cancer protective effects and the dietary micronutrients folate, methionine, vitamins B6, B12, C, E, selenium, and lycopene.
Kune, G; Watson, L, 2006)		0.33
" The dose-response was tested for different biological variables using a mixed model, taking into account the variable's initial value (between-subject effect), a linear log-dose effect, and a linear log (dosextime) interaction, where time was d 15 or d 30."( Very low oral doses of vitamin B-12 increase serum concentrations in elderly subjects with food-bound vitamin B-12 malabsorption.
Blacher, J; Bodak, A; Chadefaux-Vekemans, B; Czernichow, S; Di Menza, C; Ducimetière, P; Giraudier, S; Henry, O; Ménard, J; Morineau, G; Nadaï, S; Oudjhani, M; Raphaël, M; Roussel, C; Tibi, A; Vayssière, M; Vincent, JP; Zittoun, J, 2007)		0.34
" Dose-response analyses indicated a positive association between plasma tHcy and risk of fracture in both sexes and a negative association between plasma folate and risk of fracture among women only."( Plasma homocysteine, folate, and vitamin B 12 and the risk of hip fracture: the hordaland homocysteine study.
Gjesdal, CG; Meyer, HE; Refsum, H; Tell, GS; Ueland, PM; Vollset, SE, 2007)		0.34
" Elevated serum gastrin levels occurred in 73% of children with no statistically significant differences in gastrin level by PPI type, dose, and dosing frequency or treatment duration."( Long-term proton pump inhibitor use in children: a retrospective review of safety.
Boyer, K; Tolia, V, 2008)		0.35
" The current study was undertaken to obtain information on the dose-response pattern of different metabolic criteria related to the homeostasis of vitamin B(12) and homocysteine in gestating sows receiving various concentrations of dietary vitamin B(12) (cyanocobalamin)."( Effects of concentrations of cyanocobalamin in the gestation diet on some criteria of vitamin B12 metabolism in first-parity sows.
Giguère, A; Girard, CL; Guay, F; Laforest, JP; Matte, JJ; Simard, F, 2007)		0.34
" At level 1, 4/6 patients experienced DLTs; dosing decreased to level 0 and 4/5 patients experienced DLTs."( Phase I study of a 3-drug regimen of gemcitabine/cisplatin/pemetrexed in patients with metastatic transitional cell carcinoma of the urothelium.
Atienza, D; Awasthi, S; Berry, W; Delaune, R; Deutsch, M; Dien, PY; Gregory, TF; Hood, K; Hutson, TE; Ilegbodu, D; Kolodziej, MJ; Mull, S; Muscato, JJ; Nicol, S; Raju, RN; Ruxer, RL; Vukelja, S, 2008)		0.35
" The multisyringe flow-injection-based monolithic column separation method, which should be viewed as an expeditious and cost-effective alternative to the high-performance liquid chromatography counterpart, was applied to the separation and determination of B(1), B(6), and B(12) in different pharmaceutical dosage forms in less than 9 min."( Modulation of mobile phase composition in flow-injection/sequential-injection chromatography exploiting multisyringe flow analysis.
Cerdà, V; Fernández, M; González, HM; Miró, M, 2008)		0.35
" Cumulative lifetime L-dopa dosage and fasting MMA levels were associated with PN severity."( Neuropathy as a potential complication of levodopa use in Parkinson's disease.
Brown, MS; Furtado, S; Suchowersky, O; Toth, C; Zochodne, D, 2008)		0.35
", weight or body surface area)-based dosing and that pretreatment with folic acid and vitamin B(12) might diminish the incidence and severity of mucositis."( A population pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic evaluation of pralatrexate in patients with relapsed or refractory non-Hodgkin's or Hodgkin's lymphoma.
Duffull, SB; Fleisher, M; Hamlin, P; Horwitz, S; Mould, DR; Neylon, E; O'Connor, OA; Saunders, ME; Sirotnak, F; Sweeney, K, 2009)		0.35
" Two randomised, controlled trials have shown that oral supplementation of 1000-2000 microg/day of vitamin B12 is equally effective in raising serum vitamin B12 levels as a standard parenteral dosing schedule."( [Oral better than parenteral supplementation of vitamin B12].
Duyvendak, M; Veldhuis, GJ, 2009)		0.35
"The purpose of this study was to describe vitamin and nutrient supplement practices and assess medication dosage formulations utilized in patients hospitalized with a history of bariatric surgery."( Nutritional and pharmacologic challenges in the bariatric surgery patient.
Glembot, TM; Lizer, MH; Papageorgeon, H, 2010)		0.36
"Hc levels were significantly higher in patients taking levodopa and were not related to levodopa dosage or treatment duration."( [Homocysteine and cognitive impairment in Parkinson's disease].
Avilés, F; Cañizares, F; Carles-Díes, R; Fernández-Barreiro, A; Herrero, MT; Martín-Fernández, JJ; Morsi-Hassan, O; Parra, S; Villegas, I, )		0.13
" The dose-response curve also shows a lower effectivity of OHCbl with respect to stabilization, with an AC(50) of 7 microM."( Thermolability of mutant MMACHC protein in the vitamin B12-responsive cblC disorder.
Froese, DS; Gravel, RA; Healy, S; Kochan, G; McDonald, M; Niesen, FH; Oppermann, U, 2010)		0.36
" An appropriate dosing strategy (repeated pulse dosing) combined with the choice of vitamin B(12) as the cobalt species is suggested as a promising dosing strategy for methanol-fed anaerobic bioreactors limited by the micronutrient cobalt."( Effect of vitamin B12 pulse addition on the performance of cobalt deprived anaerobic granular sludge bioreactors.
Bartacek, J; Fermoso, FG; Lens, PN, 2010)		0.36
" However, no dose-response relation was observed."( Folate and other one-carbon metabolism-related nutrients and risk of postmenopausal breast cancer in the Cancer Prevention Study II Nutrition Cohort.
Gapstur, SM; McCullough, ML; Stevens, VL; Sun, J, 2010)		0.36
"03), although no significant dose-response relationship was found."( Serum folate, vitamin B-12, and homocysteine and their association with depressive symptoms among U.S. adults.
Beydoun, HA; Beydoun, MA; Shroff, MR; Zonderman, AB, 2010)		0.36
" The proposed models were applied successfully to simultaneous determination of B1 and B6 in presence of a low concentration of B12 in pharmaceutical dosage forms that contain simple excipients."( Development and validation of PCR, PLS, and TLC densitometric methods for the simultaneous determination of vitamins B(1), B(6) AND B(12) in pharmaceutical formulations.
Elzanfaly, ES; Nebsen, M; Ramadan, NK, 2010)		0.36
"Vitamin B(12) deficiency is routinely treated with parenteral dosing and less often with high-dose oral vitamin B(12)."( Comparing the efficacy and tolerability of a new daily oral vitamin B12 formulation and intermittent intramuscular vitamin B12 in normalizing low cobalamin levels: a randomized, open-label, parallel-group study.
Bhargava, P; Brazzillo, K; Castelli, MC; Friedman, K; Genoble, L; Riley, MG; Sherry, J, 2011)		0.37
"Different types of Carbopols are frequently applied excipients of various dosage forms."( Effect of storage on microstructural changes of Carbopol polymers tracked by the combination of positron annihilation lifetime spectroscopy and FT-IR spectroscopy.
Süvegh, K; Szabó, B; Zelkó, R, 2011)		0.37
"2%) were treated by first generation antipsychotics with a mean daily dosage of 401."( [Hyperhomocysteinemia and schizophrenia: case control study].
Bouslama, A; Douki, W; Gaha, L; Mabrouk, H; Mechri, A; Najjar, MF; Omezzine, A; Younes, MK, 2011)		0.37
" Concerning therapeutic features, plasma Hcys did not differ with type of antipsychotic and was not related to daily dosage of antipsychotics."( [Hyperhomocysteinemia and schizophrenia: case control study].
Bouslama, A; Douki, W; Gaha, L; Mabrouk, H; Mechri, A; Najjar, MF; Omezzine, A; Younes, MK, 2011)		0.37
" This reflects the potential significance that may have the dosage of vitamin B12 as an early marker of diagnosis of these diseases."( [Hypervitaminemia B12 (high level of cobalamin): physiopathology, role and interest in clinical practice].
Andrès, E; Housni, I; Mecili, M; Serraj, K, 2011)		0.37
" Each of three batches of mice were divided into five groups (negative control, positive gamma irradiated control, and low, middle and high dosage GLP groups)."( Antioxidant activities of Ganoderma lucidum polysaccharides and their role on DNA damage in mice induced by cobalt-60 gamma-irradiation.
Deng, W; Jiang, X; Lai, Y; Wu, M; Zhang, Z; Zhao, W, 2012)		0.38
" The suggested procedures were applied to the analysis of the investigated vitamins in their laboratory-prepared mixtures and pharmaceutical dosage forms from different manufacturers."( Spectrofluorimetric determination of some water-soluble vitamins.
Abdel-Latif, NM; Mohamed, AM; Mohamed, HA; Mohamed, MR, )		0.13
" A generalised additive regression model showed a positive dose-response relationship between the m-MMSE and choline (P=0·012 from a corresponding linear regression model)."( Plasma free choline, betaine and cognitive performance: the Hordaland Health Study.
Bjelland, I; Drevon, CA; Engedal, K; Nurk, E; Nygaard, HA; Refsum, H; Smith, DA; Tell, GS; Ueland, PM; Vollset, SE, 2013)		0.39
" Unlike previous recommendations, we showed that a maintenance dosage of 1 mg cobalamin twice a year was enough to ensure a normal clinical status and keep the hematological and metabolic parameters in the normal range."( How can cobalamin injections be spaced in long-term therapy for inborn errors of vitamin B(12) absorption?
Benoist, JF; Boina Abdallah, A; Fenneteau, O; Giraudier, S; Kozyraki, R; Lebon, S; Mesples, B; Ogier de Baulny, H; Passemard, S; Rigal, O; Schiff, M; Yacouben, K, 2012)		0.38
"These results can be used to determine the dose and dosing intervals for clinical trials evaluating NO-Cbl in humans and companion animals."( Pharmacokinetics of intravenous nitrosylcobalamin, an antitumor agent, in healthy Beagle dogs: a pilot study.
Bauer, JA; Horne, WI; Steiner, JM; Suchodolski, JS; Sysel, AM, 2012)		0.38
" The authors summarized dose-response evidence from randomized controlled trials and prospective cohort studies on the relation of vitamin B12 intake and status with cognitive function in adults and elderly people."( Vitamin B12 intake and status and cognitive function in elderly people.
Brzozowska, A; Cavelaars, AE; de Groot, LC; Dhonukshe-Rutten, RA; Doets, EL; Dullemeijer, C; Souverein, OW; Szczecińska, A; van 't Veer, P; van Wijngaarden, JP, 2013)		0.39
" The use of these data to estimate dose-response relations provides a useful means to summarize the body of evidence."( Systematic review with dose-response meta-analyses between vitamin B-12 intake and European Micronutrient Recommendations Aligned's prioritized biomarkers of vitamin B-12 including randomized controlled trials and observational studies in adults and elder
Cavelaars, AE; de Boer, WJ; de Groot, LC; Dhonukshe-Rutten, RA; Doets, EL; Dullemeijer, C; In 't Veld, PH; Plada, M; Souverein, OW; van 't Veer, P; van der Voet, H; van Wijngaarden, JP, 2013)		0.39
"We systematically reviewed studies that investigated vitamin B-12 intake and biomarkers of vitamin B-12 status and estimated dose-response relations with the use of a meta-analysis."( Systematic review with dose-response meta-analyses between vitamin B-12 intake and European Micronutrient Recommendations Aligned's prioritized biomarkers of vitamin B-12 including randomized controlled trials and observational studies in adults and elder
Cavelaars, AE; de Boer, WJ; de Groot, LC; Dhonukshe-Rutten, RA; Doets, EL; Dullemeijer, C; In 't Veld, PH; Plada, M; Souverein, OW; van 't Veer, P; van der Voet, H; van Wijngaarden, JP, 2013)		0.39
"The meta-analysis of observational studies showed a weaker slope of dose-response relations than the meta-analysis of RCTs."( Systematic review with dose-response meta-analyses between vitamin B-12 intake and European Micronutrient Recommendations Aligned's prioritized biomarkers of vitamin B-12 including randomized controlled trials and observational studies in adults and elder
Cavelaars, AE; de Boer, WJ; de Groot, LC; Dhonukshe-Rutten, RA; Doets, EL; Dullemeijer, C; In 't Veld, PH; Plada, M; Souverein, OW; van 't Veer, P; van der Voet, H; van Wijngaarden, JP, 2013)		0.39
"The obtained dose-response estimate between vitamin B-12 intake and status provides complementary evidence to underpin recommendations for a vitamin B-12 intake of populations."( Systematic review with dose-response meta-analyses between vitamin B-12 intake and European Micronutrient Recommendations Aligned's prioritized biomarkers of vitamin B-12 including randomized controlled trials and observational studies in adults and elder
Cavelaars, AE; de Boer, WJ; de Groot, LC; Dhonukshe-Rutten, RA; Doets, EL; Dullemeijer, C; In 't Veld, PH; Plada, M; Souverein, OW; van 't Veer, P; van der Voet, H; van Wijngaarden, JP, 2013)		0.39
" Patients included in the study underwent brain computed tomography or magnetic resonance imaging, and plasma dosage of vitamin B12, folate, and thyroid hormones."( Effectiveness and safety of citicoline in mild vascular cognitive impairment: the IDEALE study.
Castagna, A; Cotroneo, AM; Fantò, F; Gareri, P; Lacava, R; Malara, A; Monteleone, F; Putignano, S; Rocca, F, 2013)		0.39
"Wheat flour and maize meal were sourced in Kenya, South Africa, and Tanzania, and the iron compound (sodium iron ethylenediaminetetraacetate [NaFeEDTA], ferrous fumarate, or ferrous sulfate) was varied and dosed at rates according to the WHO guidelines for consumption of 75 to 149 g/day of wheat flour and > 300 g/day of maize meal and tested again for 150 to 300 g/day for both."( Fortification of wheat flour and maize meal with different iron compounds: results of a series of baking trials.
Johnson, Q; Randall, P; Verster, A, 2012)		0.38
"There were no significant dose-response relations between any plasma- or FFQ-measured dietary factors and relative telomere length in multivariate analyses."( One-carbon metabolism factors and leukocyte telomere length.
De Vivo, I; Giovannucci, E; Hankinson, SE; Liu, JJ; Prescott, J; Rosner, B, 2013)		0.39
" Homocysteine or methylmalonic acid dosage testing was very rarely performed."( Indications for cobalamin level assessment in departments of internal medicine: a prospective practice survey.
Arlet, JB; Chiche, L; Mancini, J, 2013)		0.39
"125 - 25 μg/day) intervention dosed as to age and MTHFR genotypes."( A decreased micronucleus frequency in human lymphocytes after folate and vitamin B12 intervention: a preliminary study in a Yunnan population.
Cao, N; Liang, Z; Ni, J; Wang, X; Xia, X; Zhou, T, 2012)		0.38
"Consequently, the probability of nerve regeneration will be increased by the increment of the administered drug dosage and duration."( Neuropathological and neuroprotective features of vitamin B12 on the dorsal spinal ganglion of rats after the experimental crush of sciatic nerve: an experimental study.
Aghamohammad Hassan, M; Hobbenaghi, R; Hosseini, E; Javanbakht, J; Moayeri, P; Mohammadi, S; Rajabian, M, 2013)		0.39
" Dose-response relationship was assessed by restricted cubic spline."( Association of vitamin B6, vitamin B12 and methionine with risk of breast cancer: a dose-response meta-analysis.
Kang, S; Wu, W; Zhang, D, 2013)		0.39
" Linear dose-response relationship was found, and the risk of breast cancer decreased by 23% (P<0."( Association of vitamin B6, vitamin B12 and methionine with risk of breast cancer: a dose-response meta-analysis.
Kang, S; Wu, W; Zhang, D, 2013)		0.39
"Although conventional pharmaceuticals have many drug dosage forms on the market, the development of new therapeutic molecules and the low efficacy of instant release formulations for the treatment of some chronic diseases and specific conditions encourage scientists to invent different delivery systems."( Hydrogels composed of cyclodextrin inclusion complexes with PLGA-PEG-PLGA triblock copolymers as drug delivery systems.
Esmaeel, H; Hadizadeh, F; Khodaverdi, E; Mirzazadeh Tekie, FS; Mohajeri, SA; Sajadi Tabassi, SA; Zohuri, G, 2014)		0.4
" The study was initiated with a dosing schedule of pralatrexate 190 mg/m(2) biweekly on a 4-week cycle with vitamin supplementation."( A phase II study of pralatrexate with vitamin B12 and folic acid supplementation for previously treated recurrent and/or metastatic head and neck squamous cell cancer.
Apollo, A; Cox, L; Fury, MG; Haque, S; Ho, AL; Lipson, BL; Lyo, JK; Pfister, DG; Sales, R; Seetharamu, N; Sherman, EJ; Sima, CS; Xiao, H, 2014)		0.4
" The purpose of this article is to provide new methodology for dietary planning based on dose-response data and meta-analysis."( A statistical method to base nutrient recommendations on meta-analysis of intake and health-related status biomarkers.
de Boer, WJ; Doets, EL; Souverein, OW; van 't Veer, P; van der Voet, H, 2014)		0.4
" Data collected were demographic characteristics, clinical diagnosis, detailed dosing information of PPI."( [The risks of long-term proton pump inhibitors use].
Jiang, X; Liu, Y; Zhang, Q; Zhang, Z, 2014)		0.4
"Long-term use of PPI with small or average dosage may slightly decrease hip density and increase serum gastrin."( [The risks of long-term proton pump inhibitors use].
Jiang, X; Liu, Y; Zhang, Q; Zhang, Z, 2014)		0.4
" Furthermore, it makes it possible to reduce the dosage of concomitant medication."( Effect of the combination of uridine nucleotides, folic acid and vitamin B12 on the clinical expression of peripheral neuropathies.
Alcino, S; Almeida, P; Duro, H; Figueira, R; Gonçalves, S; Libório, T; Melo Silva, U; Negrão, L; Neto Parra, L, 2014)		0.4
" However, despite this high dose, lower levels were achieved in older children indicating the necessity of dosage adjustment in accordance with body weight."( Oral vitamin B12 treatment is effective for children with nutritional vitamin B12 deficiency.
Bahadir, A; Erduran, E; Reis, PG, 2014)		0.4
" For this the animals were given chronic dosing for 6-8 weeks during and after which the parameters were observed to determine their effects."( The effects of intellan and cytacon on hematological and biochemical parameter in rabbits: a comparative study.
Anser, H; Khan, SS; Najam, R; Riaz, B; Sarfaraz, S, 2014)		0.4
"Fiber-based dosage forms are potential alternatives of conventional dosage forms from the point of the improved extent and rate of drug dissolution."( Comparison of directly compressed vitamin B12 tablets prepared from micronized rotary-spun microfibers and cast films.
Bodai, Z; Eke, Z; Kállai-Szabó, B; Sebe, I; Szabó, P; Zelkó, R, 2015)		0.42
" Biphasic responses were also recorded for some dose-response set-ups and are tentatively explained by a 'balance hypothesis' for the redoxome."( Intricacies of redoxome function demonstrated with a simple in vitro chemiluminescence method, with special reference to vitamin B12 as antioxidant.
Benestad, HB; Bøyum, A; Forstrøm, RJ; Sand, KL; Sefland, I, 2014)		0.4
" A dose-response analysis was performed with generalized least squares regression, with the relative risk (RR) and 95 % CI as effect values."( A dose-response meta-analysis reveals an association between vitamin B12 and colorectal cancer risk.
Huang, XZ; Li, Y; Liu, HP; Sun, NH; Wang, HC; Wang, LY; Wang, SB; Wang, ZN; Zhang, C; Zhang, CW, 2016)		0.43
"The non-linear dose-response relationship between total vitamin B12 intake and CRC risk was insignificant (P=0·690), but the relationship between dietary vitamin B12 intake and CRC risk was significant (P<0·001)."( A dose-response meta-analysis reveals an association between vitamin B12 and colorectal cancer risk.
Huang, XZ; Li, Y; Liu, HP; Sun, NH; Wang, HC; Wang, LY; Wang, SB; Wang, ZN; Zhang, C; Zhang, CW, 2016)		0.43
" Second, in vivo effect of different dosage patterns and concentrations in the development of hepatic metastasis was analyzed by intra-splenic inoculation of C26 colon carcinoma cells in Balb/c mice."( Ocoxin® oral solution slows down tumor growth in an experimental model of colorectal cancer metastasis to the liver in Balb/c mice.
Arteta, B; Benedicto, A; Hernandez-Unzueta, I; Márquez, J; Mena, J; Olaso, E; Sanz, E, 2016)		0.43
" This association remained robust for 31-90-day and 91-365-day mortality, showing similar dose-response patterns."( Elevated plasma vitamin B12 levels and cancer prognosis: A population-based cohort study.
Arendt, JF; Farkas, DK; Nexo, E; Pedersen, L; Sørensen, HT, 2016)		0.43
" In addition, the homocysteine blood concentration just before the first cycle dosage of pemetrexed was significantly elevated relative to the 2-3 cycle."( Phase II study of oral vitamin B12 supplementation as an alternative to intramuscular injection for patients with non-small cell lung cancer undergoing pemetrexed therapy.
Hosomi, Y; Nagamata, M; Nakahara, Y; Okamura, T; Okuma, Y; Shimokawa, T; Sunami, K; Takagi, Y; Takahashi, S; Watanabe, K; Yomota, M, 2016)		0.43
"2% completed their planned dosage within a 9-week feasibility time frame."( Reduced folate and serum vitamin metabolites in patients with rectal carcinoma: an open-label feasibility study of pemetrexed with folic acid and vitamin B12 supplementation.
Björkqvist, HG; Carlsson, GU; Gustavsson, BG; Kurlberg, GK; Odin, EA; Stoffregen, CC; Tångefjord, MT, 2016)		0.43
" Multivitamin supplements were taken at a dosage of one pill every day for 12 weeks through the oral route."( Effects of Multivitamin Supplements on Cognitive Function, Serum Homocysteine Level, and Depression of Korean Older Adults With Mild Cognitive Impairment in Care Facilities.
Kim, SY; Lee, HK; Sok, SR, 2016)		0.43
" The association between B vitamins and survival might serve either as a tool for risk stratification or, if causative, as effective therapy, if optimal dosing of B vitamins is provided and on-treatment concentrations, including homocysteine and renal functions, are closely monitored."( B-Vitamin Serum Concentrations Predicting Long-Term Overall and Stroke-Free Survival after Carotid Endarterectomy.
Assadian, A; Basic, J; Duschek, N; Falkensammer, J; Taher, F, 2016)		0.43
"1 mg of folic acid in combination with vitamin B6 and B12 is less effective in reducing migraine associated symptoms compared to the previously tested dosage of 2 mg folic acid in combination with 25 mg of vitamin B6 and 400 μg of vitamin B12."( The effect of 1 mg folic acid supplementation on clinical outcomes in female migraine with aura patients.
Avgan, N; Ghassabian, S; Griffiths, L; Lea, R; Menon, S; Nasir, B; Oliver, C; Smith, M, 2016)		0.43
" Subgroup analysis indicated that the follow-up time, the dosage of folic acid and vitamin B12 and B6, the history of diseases had no confounding effect on the incidence of cardio-cerebrovascular disease events."( [Meta-analysis on effect of combined supplementation of folic acid, vitamin B12 and B6 on risk of cardio-cerebrovascular diseases in randomized control trials].
Dang, SN; Lan, X; Yan, H; Zhao, YL, 2016)		0.43
", serum retinol, RBP, breast-milk retinol, dose-response tests, isotope dilution methodology, and serum retinyl esters)."( Biomarkers of Nutrition for Development (BOND)-Vitamin A Review.
Craft, NE; Gannon, BM; Haskell, MJ; Lietz, G; Raiten, DJ; Russell, RM; Schulze, K; Stephensen, CB; Tanumihardjo, SA, 2016)		0.43
" A dose-response relation between the number of capsules taken and concentrations of folate and ferritin was observed for all micronutrient supplements."( A Prenatal Multiple Micronutrient Supplement Produces Higher Maternal Vitamin B-12 Concentrations and Similar Folate, Ferritin, and Zinc Concentrations as the Standard 60-mg Iron Plus 400-μg Folic Acid Supplement in Rural Bangladeshi Women.
Ekström, EC; Lönnerdal, B; Rahman, A; Raqib, R; Ziaei, S, 2016)		0.43
"Vitamin B12 dosage in multivitamin supplementation in the current literature is quite variable."( Different Supplementation Regimes to Treat Perioperative Vitamin B12 Deficiencies in Bariatric Surgery: a Systematic Review.
Pouwels, S; Smelt, HJ; Smulders, JF, 2017)		0.46
" Associations between B12 deficiency and age, duration of T2DM, duration of use and dosage of metformin, and use of proton pump inhibitors (PPIs) or histamine H2 antagonists were determined."( Prevalence of vitamin B12 deficiency in type 2 diabetic patients using metformin: a cross-sectional study.
Cardoso, GP; Cruz, RA; Damião, CP; Lima, GA; Pinheiro, MF; Rodrigues, AO; Taboada, GF, )		0.13
"Pathological conditions caused by reduced dosage of a gene, such as gene haploinsufficiency, can potentially be reverted by enhancing the expression of the functional allele."( Vitamin B12 ameliorates the phenotype of a mouse model of DiGeorge syndrome.
Altamura, S; Baldini, A; Bisbocci, M; Bresciani, A; Colonna, V; Francone, A; Lania, G, 2016)		0.43
" The presumed diagnosis was atypical hemolytic uremic syndrome, and the patient was started on eculizumab, but his response was poor, even when the dosage was increased."( Thrombotic microangiopathy caused by methionine synthase deficiency: diagnosis and treatment pitfalls.
Braga, A; Bueno, C; Gabrielle, M; Kok, F; Piazzon, F; Vaisbich, MH, 2017)		0.46
" For group O-oral, treatment adher-ence and percentage of days with 2 dosing events were calcu-lated."( Early biomarker response and patient preferences to oral and intramuscular vitamin B12 substitution in primary care: a randomised parallel-group trial.
Arnet, I; Hersberger, KE; Jeger, C; Mathis, D; Metaxas, C; Walter, P, 2017)		0.46
"Dams dosed with excessive folate (HFol group) delivered low birth weight (LBW) offsprings (p<0."( Combination of vitamin B12 active forms improved fetal growth in Wistar rats through up-regulation of placental miR-16 and miR-21 levels.
Apte, K; Joshi, K; Mishra, S; More, A; Otiv, S; Shah, T, 2017)		0.46
" We explored the dose-response association between B12 intake and biomarkers and the association of total B12 and holoTC with tHcy and MMA with restricted cubic spline plots."( Vitamin B12 Intake and Related Biomarkers: Associations in a Dutch Elderly Population.
Brouwer-Brolsma, EM; de Groot, LCPGM; de Jonge, R; Dhonukshe-Rutten, RAM; Enneman, AW; In 't Veld, PH; Lips, P; Swart, KMA; Uitterlinden, AG; van der Velde, N; van Dijk, SC; van Schoor, NM; van Wijngaarden, JP, 2017)		0.46
" A dose-response analysis revealed that each 100 μg/day increase in folate intake reduced the risk of EC by 12%."( Intake of Dietary One-Carbon Metabolism-Related B Vitamins and the Risk of Esophageal Cancer: A Dose-Response Meta-Analysis.
Fang, X; Li, Q; Ma, J; Qiang, Y; Tian, Y; Wang, F; Wang, J; Wang, Q; Xin, Y; Zhang, R, 2018)		0.48
"Significant dose-response relations were observed between vitamin B-12 intake from dairy, meat, and fish and plasma vitamin B-12, holoTC, and MMA [P-trend for (shell)fish with MMA = 0."( Intakes of Vitamin B-12 from Dairy Food, Meat, and Fish and Shellfish Are Independently and Positively Associated with Vitamin B-12 Biomarker Status in Pregnant Dutch Women.
Dagnelie, PC; Denissen, KFM; Eussen, SJPM; Heeskens, JPJ; Heil, SG; Mommers, M; Smits, LJM; Thijs, C; van Dongen, MCJM, 2019)		0.51
"The optimized adsorption conditions for GO on VB12 solution were listed as follows: adsorbent dosage was 6 mg, shaking time was 70 min, the pH value was 6, the optimum concentration of VB12 was 50 mg/L and the theoretical saturated adsorption capacity was 21."( Adsorptive properties of graphene oxide on vitamin B12 and their effect on the promotion of peripheral nerve regeneration.
Niu, QF; Tong, L; Tong, XJ; Tong, ZX; Wang, QL, 2019)		0.51
" The association showed a nonlinear dose-response pattern, and it remained robust in stratified analyses, including when reducing the risk of confounding by indication in subanalyses."( Elevated Vitamin B12 Levels and Cancer Risk in UK Primary Care: A THIN Database Cohort Study.
Arendt, JFH; Horsfall, LJ; Petersen, I; Sørensen, HT, 2019)		0.51
"More large, double-blind placebo-controlled trials are needed to fully establish efficacy and best dosing parameters."( Vitamin B12 as a Treatment for Pain.
Buesing, S; Costa, M; Moeller-Bertram, T; Schilling, JM, 2019)		0.51
" These patterns can be compared with secular trends of usual medical practice for the treatment of pernicious anemia and with the changes in usage of folic acid preparations, including recommended therapeutic dosage and precautions for its usage surrounding the synthesis of folic acid in 1945 and vitamin B12 in 1948."( Lack of historical evidence to support folic acid exacerbation of the neuropathy caused by vitamin B12 deficiency.
Berry, RJ, 2019)		0.51
" The results indicated a non-linear dose-response relationship between vitamin B6 intake and pancreatic risk."( Vitamin B6, vitamin B12 and methionine and risk of pancreatic cancer: a meta-analysis.
Mao, QQ; Wei, DH, 2020)		0.56
" Then, the dosage of OH-Cbl was gradually reduced."( Identification of transcobalamin deficiency with two novel mutations in the TCN2 gene in a Chinese girl with abnormal immunity: a case report.
Cheng, F; Feng, X; He, H; Hu, S; Zhan, S, 2020)		0.56
" The vitamin B12 was dosage using a chemiluminescent immunoassay and oxidative stress analysis, based on the evaluation of malondialdehyde, enzymatic activity of extracellular superoxide dismutase, glutathione peroxidase, catalase and the ferric reducing antioxidant power in plasma."( Cognition, oxidative stress and vitamin B12 levels evaluation on patients under long-term omeprazole use.
Cardoso, CO; de Lima, AG; Dries, LS; Haefliger, R; Perassolo, MS; Seibert, BS, 2022)		0.72
" The dosage and frequency of OHCbl is titrated in each patient to the minimum effective dose in order to account for the painful injections."( Subcutaneous vitamin B12 administration using a portable infusion pump in cobalamin-related remethylation disorders: a gentle and easy to use alternative to intramuscular injections.
Brunet, T; Kohlhase, J; Lotz-Havla, AS; Maier, EM; Regenauer-Vandewiele, S; Schiergens, KA; Weiß, KJ, 2021)		0.62
" Cox regression model was used to calculate the hazard ratio (HR) and 95 % confidence intervals (95 % CIs), and restricted cubic spline function was further modelled to investigate their dose-response associations."( Association between serum vitamin B12 and risk of all-cause mortality in elderly adults: a prospective cohort study.
Ding, X; Li, L; Liu, J; Liu, X; Sun, J; Xu, K; Zhang, Y, 2021)		0.62
" Higher total antioxidant intake was significantly associated with lower odds of depression and an inverse dose-response effect between total antioxidant intake and clinical severity of depression was observed among women, in adjusted models."( Associations of depression and intake of antioxidants and vitamin B complex: Results of the Brazilian Longitudinal Study of Adult Health (ELSA-Brasil).
Barreto, SM; Benseñor, IM; Brunoni, AR; da Fonseca, MJM; de Aguiar, OB; Ferriani, LO; Mill, JG; Molina, MDCB; Moreno, AB; Silva, DA; Viana, MC, 2022)		0.72
" Sensitivity, subgroup and dose-response analyses were also performed."( Effects of maternal folate and vitamin B12 on gestational diabetes mellitus: a dose-response meta-analysis of observational studies.
Guo, L; Jiang, J; Li, N, 2022)		0.72
" Dose-response relationships were examined using a nonparametric test for trend."( Dietary B group vitamin intake and the bladder cancer risk: a pooled analysis of prospective cohort studies.
Boot, IWA; Brinkman, M; Bueno-de-Mesquita, B; Ferrari, P; Grant, EJ; Gylling, B; Jose-Sanchez, M; Schulze, MB; van den Brandt, P; Weiderpass, E; Wesselius, A; White, E; Yu, EYW; Zeegers, MP, 2022)		0.72
" Restricted cubic splines were plotted to evaluate the dose-response relationship between dietary OCM-related nutrient intake and the risk of PE."( One-carbon metabolism-related nutrients intake is associated with lower risk of preeclampsia in pregnant women: a matched case-control study.
Bo, Y; Cao, Y; Dou, W; Duan, D; Fu, W; Liu, Y; Lyu, Q; Ma, S; Zeng, F; Zhao, X, 2022)		0.72
" There was no evidence for temporality, coherence, or a biologically meaningful dose-response relationship between plasma vitamin B12 concentrations and cancer."( High Plasma Vitamin B12 and Cancer in Human Studies: A Scoping Review to Judge Causality and Alternative Explanations.
Obeid, R, 2022)		0.72
" Due to a lack of means, the dosage of homocysteine and methylmalonic acid had not been carried out to confirm the vitamin B12 deficiency in the patient whose level was less than 200ng/mL."( [Cross-Sectional Study on Adverse Effects of Metformin Hydrochloride on 130 Patients Type 2 Diabetic Admitted to Medical Center and Diabetes Home of Sidi Bel-Abbès].
Belakhdar, K; Kraroubi, A; Matmour, D; Sakouhi, M, 2023)		0.91
" Patients' demographics (age, gender, duration of type 2 diabetes mellitus, smoking status), medication parameters (daily dosage and duration of metformin therapy), and biochemical parameters (hemoglobin level, mean corpuscular volume (MCV), serum vitamin B12, and folate level) were recorded."( Influence of metformin intake on serum vitamin B12 levels in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus.
Al-Fawaeir, S; Al-Odat, I, 2022)		0.72
" Within the metformin group, the mean serum ± SD vitamin B12 level was significantly lower in those on high dosage (175."( Influence of metformin intake on serum vitamin B12 levels in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus.
Al-Fawaeir, S; Al-Odat, I, 2022)		0.72
" Significant nonlinear dose-response relationships were observed for the associations of folate with anemia, vitamin B12 with vitamin B-complex deficiencies, anemia and cholelithiasis, and homocysteine with cerebrovascular disease."( Phenome-wide association study of genetically predicted B vitamins and homocysteine biomarkers with multiple health and disease outcomes: analysis of the UK Biobank.
Bennett, D; Campbell, H; Duthie, S; Eguiagaray, IM; Li, X; Little, J; MacFarlane, AJ; McNulty, H; Momoli, F; Montazeri, A; Munger, R; Rubini, M; Senekal, M; Theodoratou, E; Wang, L, 2023)		0.91
", vitamin C (VC), vitamin B9 (VB9), and vitamin B12 (VB12)) with co-exposure to MetS, as well as the dose-response relationships among them."( Association of serum water-soluble vitamin exposures with the risk of metabolic syndrome: results from NHANES 2003-2006.
Lu, H; Pei, X; Ran, S; Shi, H; Tan, A; Wang, M; Yang, S; Yao, J; Zhang, Y, 2023)		0.91
" Restricted cubic splines were performed to explore the dose-response relationships among them."( Association of serum water-soluble vitamin exposures with the risk of metabolic syndrome: results from NHANES 2003-2006.
Lu, H; Pei, X; Ran, S; Shi, H; Tan, A; Wang, M; Yang, S; Yao, J; Zhang, Y, 2023)		0.91
"High daily dosage (≥1500 mg/day) played an important role in metformin-associated vitamin B12 deficiency while not contributing to the risk of PN."( The effects of daily dose and treatment duration of metformin on the prevalence of vitamin B12 deficiency and peripheral neuropathy in Chinese patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus: A multicenter cross-sectional study.
Bi, Y; Chen, S; Gao, L; Ji, L; Lei, M; Liu, F; Liu, X; Lu, Y; Ran, X; Shen, X; Su, Q; Wang, Y; Zhao, D, 2023)		0.91
" Despite increased vasopressor dosage and addition of vasopressin and hydrocortisone, the patient became unresponsive with persistent hypotension."( Successfully Managing Severe Anemia in a Trauma Patient Who Refused Blood Transfusion: A Case Report.
Lee, HY; Lee, JM; Sanchez, IF, 2023)		0.91
[information is derived through text-mining from research data collected from National Library of Medicine (NLM), extracted Dec-2023]

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ProductBrandCategoryCompounds Matched from IngredientsDate Retrieved
8Greens Daily Greens Gummies Apple -- 50 Vegan Gummies8GreensVitamins & SupplementsVitamin C, Folate, Pantothenic Acid, Vitamin B6, Riboflavin, Vitamin B12, Vitamin B62024-11-29 10:47:42
8Greens Daily Greens Lollipops Tropical Citrus -- 10 Pops8GreensVitamins & SupplementsVitamin C, Vitamin B5, Vitamin B6, Vitamin B12, Vitamin B62024-11-29 10:47:42
8Greens Original Effervescent Tablets Blood Orange -- 10 Tablets8GreensVitamins & SupplementsVitamin B6, Vitamin B12, Vitamin B62024-11-29 10:47:42
8Greens Real Greens Original Effervescent Tablet Lemon & Lime -- 10 Tablets8GreensVitamins & SupplementsVitamin C, Pantothenic Acid, Vitamin B6, Vitamin B12, Vitamin B62024-11-29 10:47:42
ABE Performance Energy RTD Baddy Berry -- 4 CansABEActive Lifestyle & FitnessBetaine Anhydrous, Caffeine Anhydrous, Niacin, Taurine, Tyrosine, Vitamin B122024-11-29 10:47:42
ABE PUMP Stim Free Pre-Workout - 20/40 Servings Blue Razz -- 17.63 ozABEActive Lifestyle & FitnessBeta-Alanine, Choline, Niacin, Taurine, Vitamin B122024-11-29 10:47:42
ABE Ultimate Pre-Workout - 30 Servings Baddy Berry -- 13.75 ozABEActive Lifestyle & FitnessBeta-Alanine, Caffeine Anhydrous, Choline, Huperzine A, Niacin, Taurine, Vitamin B122024-11-29 10:47:42
ABE Ultimate Pre-Workout - 30 Servings Blue Razz -- 13.75 ozABEActive Lifestyle & FitnessBeta-Alanine, Caffeine Anhydrous, Choline, Huperzine A, Niacin, Taurine, Vitamin B122024-11-29 10:47:42
ABE Ultimate Pre-Workout - 30 Servings Red Hawaiian -- 13.75 ozABEActive Lifestyle & FitnessBeta-Alanine, Caffeine Anhydrous, Choline, Huperzine A, Niacin, Taurine, Vitamin B122024-11-29 10:47:42
ABE Ultimate Pre-Workout - 30 Servings Sour Gummy Bear -- 13.75 ozABEActive Lifestyle & FitnessBeta-Alanine, Caffeine Anhydrous, Choline, Huperzine A, Niacin, Taurine, Vitamin B122024-11-29 10:47:42
Allergy Research Group Multi-Vi-Min -- 150 CapsulesAllergy Research GroupProfessional SupplementsBiotin, Boron, Vitamin D3, Chromium, Vitamin E, Folic Acid, Vitamin E, Glutamic Acid, Manganese, Molybdenum, Niacin, Pantothenic Acid, Vitamin B6, Vitamin A, Riboflavin, Selenium, Thiamin, Vitamin B12, Vitamin B62024-11-29 10:47:42
Allergy Research Group Multi-Vi-Min without Copper & Iron -- 150 Vegetarian CapsulesAllergy Research GroupProfessional SupplementsPABA, Vitamin C, Biotin, Boron, Vitamin D3, Chromium, Vitamin E, Folic Acid, Vitamin E, Glutamic Acid, Manganese, Molybdenum, Niacin, PABA, Pantothenic Acid, Vitamin B6, Vitamin A, Riboflavin, Selenium, Thiamin, Vanadium, Vitamin B12, Vitamin B62024-11-29 10:47:42
Allergy Research Group Super Vitamin B Complex -- 120 Vegetarian CapsulesAllergy Research GroupProfessional SupplementsPABA, Biotin, Folic Acid, Inositol, Niacin, PABA, Pantothenic Acid, Vitamin B6, Riboflavin, Thiamin, Vitamin B12, Vitamin B62024-11-29 10:47:42
ALLMAX Nutrition Aminocore BCAA Dietary Supplement Fruit Punch -- 0.69 lbsALLMAX NutritionActive Lifestyle & FitnessVitamin B6, Vitamin A, Vitamin B12, Vitamin B62024-11-29 10:47:42
ALLMAX Nutrition Aminocore™ BCAA Pineapple Mango -- 30 ServingsALLMAX NutritionActive Lifestyle & FitnessVitamin B6, Vitamin A, Vitamin B12, Vitamin B62024-11-29 10:47:42
ALLMAX Nutrition Impact Igniter Sport Blue Raspberry -- 50 ServingsALLMAX NutritionActive Lifestyle & FitnessBeta-Alanine, Caffeine, Folate, Niacin, Vitamin B6, Taurine, Tyrosine, Vitamin B12, Vitamin B62024-11-29 10:47:42
ALLMAX Nutrition Muscle Prime Advanced Grade Pre-Workout White Raspberry -- 50 ServingsALLMAX NutritionActive Lifestyle & Fitness L-Glutamine, Vitamin B6, Vitamin B12, Vitamin B62024-11-29 10:47:42
Amazing Grass Fizzy Green Energy Tablets Tropical -- 60 TabletsAmazing GrassVitamins & SupplementsThiamin, Vitamin B122024-11-29 10:47:42
Amazing Grass Fizzy Green Hydration Tablets Strawberry Lemonade -- 60 TabletsAmazing GrassVitamins & SupplementsChloride, Thiamin, Vitamin B122024-11-29 10:47:42
Amazing Grass Fizzy Green Tablets Superfood Lemon Lime -- 60 ServingsAmazing GrassVitamins & SupplementsVitamin C, Vitamin E, Vitamin E, Thiamin, Vitamin B122024-11-29 10:47:42
Amazing Grass Greens Blend Alkalize & Detox Simply Pure Powder -- 30 ServingsAmazing GrassVitamins & SupplementsVitamin C, Chlorophyll, Iodine, Manganese, Vitamin B6, Vitamin A, Riboflavin, Selenium, Vitamin B12, Vitamin B6, Vitamin K2024-11-29 10:47:42
Amazing Grass Greens Blend Antioxidant Powder Sweet Berry -- 100 ServingsAmazing GrassVitamins & SupplementsVitamin C, Chlorophyll, Iodine, Manganese, Vitamin B6, Quercetin, Vitamin A, Riboflavin, Selenium, Vitamin B12, Vitamin B6, Vitamin K2024-11-29 10:47:42
Amazing Grass Greens Blend Energy Powder Watermelon -- 30 ServingsAmazing GrassVitamins & SupplementsVitamin C, Chlorophyll, Folic Acid, Iodine, Manganese, Niacin, Vitamin B6, Vitamin A, Riboflavin, Selenium, Vitamin B12, Vitamin B6, Vitamin K2024-11-29 10:47:42
Amazing Grass Greens Blend Energy Powder Watermelon -- 60 ServingsAmazing GrassVitamins & SupplementsVitamin C, Chlorophyll, Iodine, Manganese, Niacin, Vitamin B6, Vitamin A, Riboflavin, Selenium, Vitamin B12, Vitamin B6, Vitamin K2024-11-29 10:47:42
Amazing Grass Greens Blend Superfood Original -- 15 ServingsAmazing GrassVitamins & SupplementsVitamin C, Chlorophyll, Folic Acid, Iodine, Manganese, Niacin, Vitamin B6, Vitamin A, Riboflavin, Selenium, Vitamin B12, Vitamin B6, Vitamin K2024-11-29 10:47:42
Amazing Muscle Max Boost- Advanced Pre-Workout Formula Cherry Lemonade -- 60 ServingsAmazing MuscleActive Lifestyle & FitnessCaffeine Anhydrous, Folic Acid, L-Glutamine, Huperzine A, N-Acetyl-L-Tyrosine, Niacin, Vitamin B6, Vitamin B12, Vitamin B62024-11-29 10:47:42
Amazing Muscle Max Boost- Advanced Pre-Workout Formula Fruit Punch -- 60 ServingsAmazing MuscleActive Lifestyle & FitnessCaffeine Anhydrous, Folic Acid, L-Glutamine, Huperzine A, N-Acetyl-L-Tyrosine, Niacin, Vitamin B6, Vitamin B12, Vitamin B62024-11-29 10:47:42
Amazing Nutrition Amazing Formulas Daily Multivitamin -- 500 TabletsAmazing NutritionVitamins & SupplementsVitamin C, Biotin, Boron, Chloride, Chromium, Vitamin E, Folate, Vitamin E, Iodine, Lutein, Lycopene, Manganese, Molybdenum, Niacin, Nickel, Pantothenic Acid, Phosphorus, Vitamin B6, Vitamin A, Riboflavin, Selenium, Thiamin, Vanadium, Vitamin B12, Vitamin B6, Vitamin K2024-11-29 10:47:42
Amberen Advanced Perimenopause Relief -- 60 CapsulesAmberenVitamins & SupplementsVitamin E, Vitamin B9, Vitamin E, Glycine, Vitamin B6, Vitamin B2, Vitamin B1, Vitamin B12, Vitamin B62024-11-29 10:47:42
AMEN Iron Ultra Supplement + Copper Folate Vitamin C & B12 Ferrous Sulfate -- 65 mg - 60 Vegetable CapsulesAMENVitamins & SupplementsVitamin C, Folate, Vitamin B122024-11-29 10:47:42
American Health Ester-C Effervescent Plus Electrolytes Natural Orange -- 1000 mg - 21 PacketsAmerican HealthVitamins & SupplementsVitamin C, Chloride, Chromium, Folic Acid, Calcium Carbonate, Manganese, Niacin, Pantothenic Acid, Phosphorus, Vitamin B6, Riboflavin, Thiamin, Vitamin B12, Vitamin B62024-11-29 10:47:42
Amy Myers MD Methylation Suppor -- 60 CapsulesAmy Myers MDProfessional SupplementsTrimethylglycine, Trimethylglycine, Folate, Vitamin B6, Vitamin B2, Vitamin B12, Vitamin B62024-11-29 10:47:42
Amy Myers MD The Myers Way Multivitamin -- 180 CapsulesAmy Myers MDProfessional SupplementsVitamin C, Biotin, Boron, Choline, Chromium, Vitamin E, Folate, Vitamin E, myo-Inositol, Iodine, Manganese, Molybdenum, Niacin, Pantothenic Acid, Vitamin B6, Vitamin A, Riboflavin, Selenium, Thiamine, Vanadium, Vitamin B12, Vitamin B6, Vitamin K2024-11-29 10:47:42
Ancient Nutrition Ancient Nutrients B-Complex -- 60 CapsulesAncient NutritionVitamins & SupplementsFolate, Niacin, Vitamin B6, Riboflavin, Vitamin B12, Vitamin B62024-11-29 10:47:42
Ancient Nutrition Glandulars - Organs Blend -- 180 CapsulesAncient NutritionVitamins & SupplementsCholine, Niacin, Pantothenic Acid, Vitamin B6, Vitamin A, Riboflavin, Thiamin, Vitamin B12, Vitamin B62024-11-29 10:47:42
Ancient Nutrition Glandulars - Womens Vitality Blend -- 180 CapsulesAncient NutritionVitamins & SupplementsVitamin D3, Iodine, Vitamin K2, menaquinone-7, Vitamin K2, Vitamin B122024-11-29 10:47:42
Ancient Nutrition Multi Prenatal -- 90 CapsulesAncient NutritionVitamins & SupplementsVitamin E, Folate, Vitamin E, Niacin, Vitamin B6, Vitamin A, Riboflavin, Vitamin B12, Vitamin B6, Vitamin K2024-11-29 10:47:42
Animal PAK - The Ultimate Training Pack -- 30 PacksAnimalActive Lifestyle & FitnessLipase, Alanine, Arginine, Vitamin C, Aspartic Acid, Biotin, Carnitine, Choline, Chromium, Coenzyme Q10, Cystine, Vitamin E, Folate, Vitamin E, Glutamic Acid, Glutamine, Glycine, Histidine, Hydroxyproline, Inositol, Iodine, Isoleucine, Leucine, Lutein, Lycopene, Lysine, Manganese, menaquinone-4, Methionine, Niacin, Ornithine, Pantothenic Acid, Phenylalanine, Phosphorus, Proline, Vitamin B6, Vitamin A, Riboflavin, Selenium, Serine, L-Taurine, Thiamin, Alpha Lipoic Acid, Threonine, Tryptophan, Tyrosine, Valine, Vitamin B12, Vitamin B6, phytonadione, Vitamin K2024-11-29 10:47:42
Animal PAK - The Ultimate Training Pack -- 44 PacksAnimalActive Lifestyle & FitnessLipase, Alanine, Arginine, Vitamin C, Aspartic Acid, Biotin, Carnitine, Choline, Chromium, Coenzyme Q10, Cystine, Vitamin E, Folate, Vitamin E, Glutamic Acid, Glutamine, Glycine, Histidine, Hydroxyproline, Inositol, Iodine, Isoleucine, Leucine, Lutein, Lycopene, Lysine, Manganese, menaquinone-4, Methionine, Niacin, Ornithine, Pantothenic Acid, Phenylalanine, Phosphorus, Proline, Vitamin B6, Vitamin A, Riboflavin, Selenium, Serine, L-Taurine, Thiamin, Alpha Lipoic Acid, Threonine, Tryptophan, Tyrosine, Valine, Vitamin B12, Vitamin B6, phytonadione, Vitamin K2024-11-29 10:47:42
Animal Pak Ultimate Foundation Powder Cherry Bomb -- 30 ServingsAnimalActive Lifestyle & FitnessLipase, Vitamin C, Betaine Anhydrous, Biotin, dicalcium phosphate, Choline, Chromium, Coenzyme Q10, Vitamin E, Folate, Vitamin E, L-Glutamine, L-Histidine, Inositol, Iodine, L-Isoleucine, calcium carbonate, Lutein, Lycopene, Manganese, menaquinone-4, Niacin, Pantothenic Acid, L-Phenylalanine, Phosphorus, Vitamin B6, Vitamin A, Riboflavin, Selenium, L-Taurine, Thiamin, L-Valine, Vitamin B12, Vitamin B6, Vitamin K2024-11-29 10:47:42
Animal Pak Ultimate Foundation Powder Fruit Punch -- 14.7 ozAnimalActive Lifestyle & FitnessLipase, Vitamin C, Betaine Anhydrous, Biotin, dicalcium phosphate, Choline, Chromium, Coenzyme Q10, Vitamin E, Folate, Vitamin E, L-Glutamine, L-Histidine, Inositol, Iodine, L-Isoleucine, calcium carbonate, Lutein, Lycopene, Manganese, menaquinone-4, Niacin, Pantothenic Acid, L-Phenylalanine, Phosphorus, Vitamin B6, Vitamin A, Riboflavin, Selenium, L-Taurine, Thiamin, L-Valine, Vitamin B12, Vitamin B6, Vitamin K2024-11-29 10:47:42
Animal Pak Ultimate Foundation Powder Orange Crushed -- 14.5 ozAnimalActive Lifestyle & FitnessLipase, Vitamin C, Betaine Anhydrous, Biotin, dicalcium phosphate, Choline, Chromium, Coenzyme Q10, Vitamin E, Folate, Vitamin E, L-Glutamine, L-Histidine, Inositol, Iodine, L-Isoleucine, calcium carbonate, Lutein, Lycopene, Manganese, menaquinone-4, Niacin, Pantothenic Acid, L-Phenylalanine, Phosphorus, Vitamin B6, Vitamin A, Riboflavin, Selenium, L-Taurine, Thiamin, L-Valine, Vitamin B12, Vitamin B6, Vitamin K2024-11-29 10:47:42
Applied Nutrition Healthy Brain All-Day Focus® -- 50 TabletsApplied NutritionVitamins & SupplementsVitamin B122024-11-29 10:47:42
Atkins Iced Coffee Protein Shake Vanilla Latte -- 11 fl oz Each / Pack of 4AtkinsWeight ManagementVitamin C, Biotin, Chromium, Vitamin E, Folate, Vitamin E, Iodine, Molybdenum, Niacin, Pantothenic Acid, Phosphorus, Vitamin B6, Riboflavin, Selenium, Thiamin, Vitamin B12, Vitamin B6, Vitamin K2024-11-29 10:47:42
Atkins Peanut Butter Granola Bar Meal Peanut Butter -- 5 BarsAtkinsWeight ManagementVitamin C, Biotin, Chromium, Vitamin E, Folate, Vitamin E, Niacin, Pantothenic Acid, Phosphorus, Vitamin B6, Vitamin A, Riboflavin, Selenium, Thiamin, Vitamin B12, Vitamin B6, Vitamin K2024-11-29 10:47:42
Atkins Protein Meal Bar Chocolate Chip Cookie Dough -- 5 BarsAtkinsWeight ManagementVitamin C, Biotin, Vitamin E, Folate, Vitamin E, Niacin, Pantothenic Acid, Phosphorus, Vitamin B6, Vitamin A, Riboflavin, Thiamin, Vitamin B12, Vitamin B6, Vitamin K2024-11-29 10:47:42
Atkins Protein Plus RTD Creamy Milk Chocolate -- 4 BottlesAtkinsWeight ManagementVitamin C, Biotin, Chromium, Vitamin E, Folate, Vitamin E, Iodine, Manganese, Molybdenum, Niacin, Pantothenic Acid, Phosphorus, Vitamin B6, Riboflavin, Selenium, Thiamin, Vitamin B12, Vitamin B6, Vitamin K2024-11-29 10:47:42
Atkins Protein Plus RTD Creamy Vanilla -- 4 BottlesAtkinsWeight ManagementVitamin C, Biotin, Chromium, Vitamin E, Folate, Vitamin E, Iodine, Manganese, Molybdenum, Niacin, Pantothenic Acid, Phosphorus, Vitamin B6, Riboflavin, Selenium, Thiamin, Vitamin B12, Vitamin B6, Vitamin K2024-11-29 10:47:42
Atkins Protein Rich Shake Cafe Caramel -- 4 ShakesAtkinsWeight ManagementVitamin C, Biotin, Chromium, Vitamin E, Folate, Vitamin E, Iodine, Manganese, Molybdenum, Niacin, Pantothenic Acid, Phosphorus, Vitamin B6, Vitamin A, Riboflavin, Selenium, Thiamin, Vitamin B12, Vitamin B6, Vitamin K2024-11-29 10:47:42
Atkins Protein Rich Shake Creamy Caramel -- 4 Bottles Each / Pack of 4AtkinsWeight ManagementVitamin C, Biotin, Chromium, Vitamin E, Folate, Vitamin E, Iodine, Manganese, Molybdenum, Niacin, Pantothenic Acid, Phosphorus, Vitamin B6, Riboflavin, Selenium, Thiamin, Vitamin B12, Vitamin B6, Vitamin K2024-11-29 10:47:42
Atkins Protein Shake Chai Tea Latte -- 11 fl oz Each / Pack of 4AtkinsWeight ManagementVitamin C, Biotin, Chromium, Vitamin E, Folate, Vitamin E, Iodine, Molybdenum, Niacin, Pantothenic Acid, Vitamin B6, Riboflavin, Selenium, Thiamin, Vitamin B12, Vitamin B6, Vitamin K2024-11-29 10:47:42
Atkins Protein-Rich Shake Dark Chocolate Royale -- 8 ShakesAtkinsWeight ManagementVitamin C, Biotin, Chromium, Vitamin E, Folate, Vitamin E, Iodine, Manganese, Molybdenum, Niacin, Pantothenic Acid, Phosphorus, Vitamin B6, Riboflavin, Selenium, Thiamin, Vitamin B12, Vitamin B6, Vitamin K2024-11-29 10:47:42
Atkins RTD Protein Shake Creamy Vanilla -- 8 ShakesAtkinsWeight ManagementVitamin C, Biotin, Chromium, Vitamin E, Folate, Vitamin E, Iodine, Manganese, Molybdenum, Niacin, Pantothenic Acid, Phosphorus, Vitamin B6, Riboflavin, Selenium, Thiamin, Vitamin B12, Vitamin B6, Vitamin K2024-11-29 10:47:42
Atkins RTD Protein-Rich Meal Shake Creamy Chocolate -- 16.9 fl oz Each / Pack of 4AtkinsWeight ManagementVitamin C, Biotin, Chromium, Vitamin E, Folate, Vitamin E, Iodine, Manganese, Molybdenum, Niacin, Pantothenic Acid, Phosphorus, Vitamin B6, Vitamin A, Riboflavin, Selenium, Thiamin, Vitamin B12, Vitamin B6, Vitamin K2024-11-29 10:47:42
Atkins RTD Shake Creamy Root Beer Float -- 4 ShakesAtkinsWeight ManagementVitamin C, Biotin, Chromium, Vitamin E, Folate, Vitamin E, Iodine, Manganese, Molybdenum, Niacin, Pantothenic Acid, Phosphorus, Vitamin B6, Riboflavin, Selenium, Thiamin, Vitamin B12, Vitamin B6, Vitamin K2024-11-29 10:47:42
Atkins RTD Shake Milk Chocolate Delight -- 8 ShakesAtkinsWeight ManagementVitamin C, Biotin, Chromium, Vitamin E, Folate, Vitamin E, Iodine, Manganese, Molybdenum, Niacin, Pantothenic Acid, Phosphorus, Vitamin B6, Riboflavin, Selenium, Thiamin, Vitamin B12, Vitamin B6, Vitamin K2024-11-29 10:47:42
Atkins RTD Shake Mocha Latte -- 11 fl oz Each / Pack of 4AtkinsWeight ManagementVitamin C, Biotin, Chromium, Vitamin E, Folate, Vitamin E, Iodine, Manganese, Molybdenum, Niacin, Pantothenic Acid, Phosphorus, Vitamin B6, Vitamin A, Riboflavin, Selenium, Thiamin, Vitamin B12, Vitamin B6, Vitamin K2024-11-29 10:47:42
Atkins RTD Shake Pumpkin Spice Latte -- 11 fl oz Each / Pack of 4AtkinsActive Lifestyle & FitnessVitamin C, Biotin, Chromium, Vitamin E, Folate, Vitamin E, Iodine, Manganese, Molybdenum, Niacin, Pantothenic Acid, Phosphorus, Vitamin B6, Riboflavin, Selenium, Thiamin, Vitamin B12, Vitamin B6, Vitamin K2024-11-29 10:47:42
Atkins RTD Shake Strawberry -- 11 fl oz Each / Pack of 4AtkinsWeight ManagementVitamin C, Biotin, Chromium, Vitamin E, Folate, Vitamin E, Iodine, Manganese, Molybdenum, Niacin, Pantothenic Acid, Phosphorus, Vitamin B6, Riboflavin, Selenium, Thiamin, Vitamin B12, Vitamin B6, Vitamin K2024-11-29 10:47:42
Atkins Snack Bar Caramel Chocolate Nut Roll -- 5 BarsAtkinsWeight ManagementVitamin C, Biotin, Chromium, Vitamin E, Folate, Vitamin E, Niacin, Pantothenic Acid, Phosphorus, Vitamin B6, Vitamin A, Riboflavin, Selenium, Thiamin, Vitamin B12, Vitamin B6, Vitamin K2024-11-29 10:47:42
Atkins Snack Bar Caramel Chocolate Peanut Nougat -- 5 BarsAtkinsWeight ManagementVitamin C, Biotin, Chromium, Vitamin E, Folate, Vitamin E, Niacin, Pantothenic Acid, Phosphorus, Vitamin B6, Vitamin A, Riboflavin, Selenium, Thiamine, Vitamin B12, Vitamin B6, Vitamin K2024-11-29 10:47:42
Aurora NutraScience Ultra Liposomal Biotin+ -- 10000 mcg - 10 fl ozAurora NutraScienceVitamins & SupplementsVitamin C, Biotin, Vitamin D3, Methylsulfonylmethane, Vitamin B5, Vitamin B6, Vitamin A, Silicon, Vitamin B12, Vitamin B62024-11-29 10:47:42
Aussie Bubs Australian Grass Fed Nutritional Milk-Based Toddler Formula -- 28.2 ozAussie BubsBaby & Kids ProductsVitamin C, Vitamin E, Folate, Vitamin E, Iodine, Niacin, Phosphorus, Vitamin B6, Vitamin A, Riboflavin, Thiamin, Vitamin B12, Vitamin B62024-11-29 10:47:42
Balanced Breed Cat L-Lysine Immune Support Supplement + Krill Oil Vet Pharmacist Approved Chicken -- 60 Soft ChewsBalanced BreedPet SuppliesFolic Acid, Vitamin B122024-11-29 10:47:42
Balanced Breed Dog All-in-1 Canine Multivitamin Vet Pharmacist Approved Peanut & Butter Banana -- 60 Soft ChewsBalanced BreedPet SuppliesVitamin C, Vitamin E, Folic Acid, Vitamin E, Vitamin B6, Vitamin B2, Taurine, Vitamin B1, Vitamin B12, Vitamin B62024-11-29 10:47:42
Balanced Greens Plant Protein Chocolate -- 34 ServingsBalanced GreensWeight ManagementVitamin C, Vitamin E, Folate, Vitamin E, Niacin, Vitamin B6, Vitamin A, Riboflavin, Thiamin, Vitamin B12, Vitamin B6, Vitamin K2024-11-29 10:47:42
Balanced Greens Plant Protein Unflavored -- 34 ServingsBalanced GreensWeight ManagementVitamin C, Vitamin E, Folate, Vitamin E, Niacin, Vitamin B6, Vitamin A, Riboflavin, Thiamin, Vitamin B12, Vitamin B6, Vitamin K2024-11-29 10:47:42
Balanced Greens Plant Protein Vanilla -- 34 ServingsBalanced GreensWeight ManagementVitamin C, Vitamin E, Folate, Vitamin E, Niacin, Vitamin B6, Vitamin A, Riboflavin, Thiamin, Vitamin B12, Vitamin B6, Vitamin K2024-11-29 10:47:42
Balanced Greens Total Health Superfood Blend with Probiotics Unflavored -- 60 ServingsBalanced GreensVitamins & SupplementsVitamin C, Folate, Niacin, Vitamin B, Vitamin A, Riboflavin, Thiamin, Vitamin B12, Vitamin K2024-11-29 10:47:42
BareOrganics Digestion Blend Superfood Water Enhancer Lemon -- 12 PacketsBareOrganicsHerbs, Botanicals & HomeopathyVitamin C, Niacin, Pantothenic Acid, Vitamin B6, Vitamin B12, Vitamin B62024-11-29 10:47:42
BareOrganics Energy Superfood Water Enhancer Peach -- 12 Stick PacketsBareOrganicsHerbs, Botanicals & HomeopathyVitamin C, Niacin, Pantothenic Acid, Vitamin B6, Vitamin B12, Vitamin B62024-11-29 10:47:42
BareOrganics Metabolism Blend Superfood Water Enhancer Natural Lemon -- 12 PacketsBareOrganicsHerbs, Botanicals & HomeopathyVitamin C, Niacin, Pantothenic Acid, Vitamin B6, Vitamin B12, Vitamin B62024-11-29 10:47:42
Bark & Whiskers Organic Vitamin B Complex for Dogs & Cats -- 0.84 ozBark & WhiskersPet SuppliesBiotin, Folic Acid, Niacin, Pantothenic Acid, Pyridoxine, Riboflavin, Thiamine, Vitamin B122024-11-29 10:47:42
Baywood International Cal-Mag Fizz Lemon Lime -- 17.4 ozBaywood InternationalVitamins & SupplementsNiacin, Pantothenic Acid, Vitamin B6, Riboflavin, Selenium, citrate, citrate, Thiamin, Vitamin B12, Vitamin B62024-11-29 10:47:42
Bear Balanced Creatine Gummies Peach Mango -- 90 GummiesBear BalancedActive Lifestyle & FitnessHuperzine A, Vitamin B122024-11-29 10:47:42
Bear Balanced Creatine Gummies Watermelon Burst -- 90 GummiesBear BalancedActive Lifestyle & FitnessHuperzine A, Vitamin B122024-11-29 10:47:42
Beech-Nut Baby Food Puree 4+ Months Beef & Beef Broth -- 10 JarsBeech-NutBaby & Kids ProductsVitamin B122024-11-29 10:47:42
Beech-Nut Baby Food Puree 4+ Months Chicken & Chicken Broth -- 10 JarsBeech-NutBaby & Kids ProductsVitamin B122024-11-29 10:47:42
Beech-Nut Baby Food Puree 4+ Months Turkey & Turkey Broth -- 10 JarsBeech-NutBaby & Kids ProductsVitamin B122024-11-29 10:47:42
Beech-Nut Baby Food Puree 6+ Months Pear & Raspberries -- 10 JarsBeech-NutBaby & Kids ProductsVitamin C, Vitamin A, Vitamin B122024-11-29 10:47:42
Beech-Nut Breakfast Yogurt 12+ Months Banana & Mixed Berry -- 12 PouchesBeech-NutBaby & Kids ProductsVitamin C, Vitamin A, Vitamin B122024-11-29 10:47:42
Best Naturals B-100 Complex -- 120 TabletsBest NaturalsVitamins & SupplementsPABA, Biotin, Choline, Folate, Inositol, Niacin, PABA, Pantothenic Acid, Vitamin B6, Vitamin B2, Vitamin B1, Vitamin B12, Vitamin B62024-11-29 10:47:42
Better Body Foods Oatsome Dairy Free Oat Milk Original -- 33.8 fl ozBetter Body FoodsFood & BeveragesRiboflavin, Vitamin B122024-11-29 10:47:42
Beverly International Lean Out -- 120 CapsulesBeverly InternationalActive Lifestyle & FitnessBiotin, Choline, Chromium, Coenzyme Q10, Inositol, L-Carnitine, Vitamin B122024-11-29 10:47:42
Beverly International Super Pak -- 30 PacketsBeverly InternationalActive Lifestyle & FitnessPara-Aminobenzoic Acid, Vitamin C, Betaine HCl, Biotin, Chloride, Vitamin D3, Choline, Chromium, Vitamin E, Folate, Vitamin E, L-Glutamic Acid, Pepsin, Inositol, Iodine, Manganese, Niacin, Pantothenic Acid, Vitamin B6, Vitamin A, Riboflavin, Rutin, Selenium, Thiamin, Vitamin B12, Vitamin B62024-11-29 10:47:42
Beverly International Ultra 40 -- 500 TabletsBeverly InternationalActive Lifestyle & FitnessVitamin B122024-11-29 10:47:42
Bio Nutrition B-12 Cherry -- 6000 mcg - 50 Chewable TabletsBio NutritionVitamins & SupplementsVitamin B122024-11-29 10:47:42
Bio Nutrition Urilow -- 60 Vegetarian CapsulesBio NutritionVitamins & SupplementsVitamin C, Folate, Vitamin B6, Vitamin B1, Vitamin B12, Vitamin B62024-11-29 10:47:42
Bio360 Probiotics Cognitive Support Formula -- 30 Vegetarian CapsulesBio360Vitamins & SupplementsFolate, Pantothenic Acid, Vitamin B6, Vitamin B12, Vitamin B62024-11-29 10:47:42
Biocare Dietary GLP-1 Beverage - Pack of 14 Chocolate -- 14 PacketsBiocareProfessional SupplementsVitamin C, Biotin, L-Carnosine, Choline, Chromium, Vitamin E, Folate, Vitamin E, Iodine, Leucine, Manganese, Vitamin K2, Vitamin K2, Molybdenum, Niacin, Pantothenic Acid, Phosphorus, Vitamin B6, Vitamin A, Riboflavin, Selenium, Thiamin, Vitamin B12, Vitamin B6, Vitamin K2024-11-29 10:47:42
Biocare Dietary GLP-1 Beverage - Pack of 14 Chocolate Salted Caramel -- 14 PacketsBiocareProfessional SupplementsVitamin C, Biotin, L-Carnosine, Choline, Chromium, Vitamin E, Folate, Vitamin E, Iodine, Leucine, Manganese, Vitamin K2, Vitamin K2, Molybdenum, Niacin, Pantothenic Acid, Phosphorus, Vitamin B6, Vitamin A, Riboflavin, Selenium, Thiamin, Vitamin B12, Vitamin B6, Vitamin K2024-11-29 10:47:42
Biocare Dietary GLP-1 Beverage - Pack of 14 Mixed Fruit -- 14 PacketsBiocareProfessional SupplementsVitamin C, Biotin, L-Carnosine, Choline, Chromium, Vitamin E, Folate, Vitamin E, Iodine, Leucine, Manganese, Vitamin K2, Vitamin K2, Molybdenum, Niacin, Pantothenic Acid, Phosphorus, Vitamin B6, Vitamin A, Riboflavin, Selenium, Thiamin, Vitamin B12, Vitamin B6, Vitamin K2024-11-29 10:47:42
Biocare Dietary GLP-1 Beverage - Pack of 14 Strawberries & Cream -- 14 PacketsBiocareProfessional SupplementsVitamin C, Biotin, L-Carnosine, Choline, Chromium, Vitamin E, Folate, Vitamin E, Iodine, Leucine, Manganese, Vitamin K2, Vitamin K2, Molybdenum, Niacin, Pantothenic Acid, Phosphorus, Vitamin B6, Vitamin A, Riboflavin, Selenium, Thiamin, Vitamin B12, Vitamin B6, Vitamin K2024-11-29 10:47:42
BioOptimal Organic Spirulina -- 120 TabletsBioOptimalVitamins & SupplementsChlorophyll, Iodine, Vitamin A, Riboflavin, Vitamin B12, Vitamin K2024-11-29 10:47:42
BioOptimal Organic Spirulina -- 240 TabletsBioOptimalVitamins & SupplementsChlorophyll, Iodine, Vitamin A, Riboflavin, Vitamin B12, Vitamin K2024-11-29 10:47:42
BioSchwartz Advanced B-Complex -- 60 Veggie CapsBioSchwartzVitamins & Supplements ascorbyl palmitate, Vitamin C, Biotin, calcium ascorbate, Choline, Folate, Inositol, Niacin, Pantothenic Acid, pyridoxal-5-phosphate, pyridoxine HCl, Vitamin B6, Riboflavin, Thiamin, Vitamin B12, Vitamin B62024-11-29 10:47:42
BioSchwartz Greens Superfood -- 6.7 ozBioSchwartzVitamins & Supplements Lipase, Vitamin C, Cellulase, Vitamin B122024-11-29 10:47:42
BioSil Bone Collagenizer Ultra -- 60 Vegetarian CapsulesBioSilVitamins & SupplementsCholine, Inositol, Vitamin K2, Vitamin K2, Silicon, Vitamin B122024-11-29 10:47:42
BlackLabel Supplements PreHustle Blue Razz -- 30 ServingsBlackLabel SupplementsActive Lifestyle & FitnessBeta-Alanine, Caffeine Anhydrous, L-Isoleucine, Vitamin B3, Vitamin B6, L-Taurine, L-Valine, Vitamin B12, Vitamin B62024-11-29 10:47:42
BlackLabel Supplements PreHustle Tigers Blood -- 30 ServingsBlackLabel SupplementsActive Lifestyle & FitnessBeta-Alanine, Caffeine Anhydrous, L-Isoleucine, Vitamin B3, Vitamin B6, L-Taurine, L-Valine, Vitamin B12, Vitamin B62024-11-29 10:47:42
BlackLabel Supplements PreHustle - Informed Sport Certified Orange Mango -- 30 ServingsBlackLabel SupplementsActive Lifestyle & FitnessBeta-Alanine, Caffeine Anhydrous, L-Isoleucine, Vitamin B3, Vitamin B6, L-Taurine, L-Valine, Vitamin B12, Vitamin B62024-11-29 10:47:42
Bluebonnet Nutrition B-Complex 100 -- 100 Vegetable CapsulesBluebonnet NutritionVitamins & SupplementsPABA, Biotin, Choline, Folate, Inositol, Vitamin B3, PABA, Pantothenic Acid, Vitamin B6, Vitamin B2, Vitamin B1, Vitamin B12, Vitamin B62024-11-29 10:47:42
Bluebonnet Nutrition B-Complex 50 -- 100 Vegetable CapsulesBluebonnet NutritionVitamins & SupplementsPABA, Biotin, Choline, Folate, Inositol, Vitamin B3, PABA, Pantothenic Acid, Vitamin B6, Vitamin B2, Vitamin B1, Vitamin B12, Vitamin B62024-11-29 10:47:42
Bluebonnet Nutrition CellularActive® Coenzyme B-Complex -- 100 Vcaps®Bluebonnet NutritionVitamins & SupplementsPABA, Biotin, Choline, riboflavin 5' phosphate, inositol hexanicotinate, Inositol, Vitamin B3, niacinamide, PABA, Pantothenic Acid, pyridoxal 5' phosphate, pyridoxine HCl, Vitamin B6, Vitamin B2, cocarboxylase, Vitamin B1, Vitamin B12, Vitamin B62024-11-29 10:47:42
Bluebonnet Nutrition EarthSweet Chewables Methylcobalamin Vitamin B12 Natural Raspberry -- 60 Chewable TabletsBluebonnet NutritionVitamins & SupplementsVitamin B122024-11-29 10:47:42
Bluebonnet Nutrition EarthSweet® Chewables Vitamin B12 & Folic Acid Natural Raspberry -- 180 Chewable TabletsBluebonnet NutritionVitamins & SupplementsFolate, Vitamin B122024-11-29 10:47:42
Bluebonnet Nutrition Liquid Vitamin B12 & Folic Acid Natural Raspberry -- 2 fl ozBluebonnet NutritionVitamins & SupplementsFolate, Vitamin B122024-11-29 10:47:42
Bluebonnet Nutrition Maxi ONE® Whole Food-Based Multiple -- 90 Vegetable CapsulesBluebonnet NutritionVitamins & SupplementsVitamin C, Biotin, Boron, Vitamin D3, Choline, Chromium, Vitamin E, riboflavin 5' phosphate, Folate, Vitamin E, Iodine, Manganese, Molybdenum, Vitamin B3, Pantothenic Acid, pyridoxine 5' phosphate, pyridoxine HCl, Vitamin B6, Vitamin A, Vitamin B2, Selenium, citrate, citrate, Vitamin B1, Vitamin B12, Vitamin B6, Vitamin K2024-11-29 10:47:42
Bluebonnet Nutrition Multi One Single Daily Multiple -- 120 Vegetable CapsulesBluebonnet NutritionVitamins & SupplementsPABA, Vitamin C, Biotin, Vitamin D3, Choline, Chromium, Vitamin E, Folate, Vitamin E, Inositol, Iodine, Lutein, Manganese, Molybdenum, Vitamin B3, PABA, Pantothenic Acid, Vitamin B6, Vitamin A, Vitamin B2, Selenium, Vitamin B1, Vitamin B12, Vitamin B62024-11-29 10:47:42
California Natural B Complex Raspberry -- 1 fl ozCalifornia NaturalVitamins & SupplementsBiotin, Folic Acid, Niacin, Pantothenic Acid, Vitamin B6, Vitamin B2, Vitamin B1, Vitamin B12, Vitamin B62024-11-29 10:47:42
Carlson B-50 Gel Vitamin B Complex -- 100 SoftgelsCarlsonVitamins & SupplementsBiotin, Folate, Niacin, Pantothenic Acid, Vitamin B6, Riboflavin, Thiamin, Vitamin B12, Vitamin B62024-11-29 10:47:42
Celestial Seasonings Herbal Tea Tension Tamer Caffeine Free -- 20 Tea BagsCelestial SeasoningsFood & BeveragesVitamin B6, Vitamin B12, Vitamin B62024-11-29 10:47:42
CeliAct Optimizing Nutrition for People with Celiac Disease -- 180 TabletsCeliActVitamins & Supplements Lipase, Para Aminobenzoic Acid, Vitamin C, Biotin, Boron, Chromium, Vitamin E, Folic Acid, Vitamin E, L-Glutamic Acid, Inositol, Manganese, Molybdenum, Niacin, Pantothenic Acid, Vitamin B6, Vitamin A, Vitamin B2, Selenium, Vitamin B1, Vanadium, Vitamin B12, Vitamin B6, Vitamin K12024-11-29 10:47:42
Cellucor C4 Original Pre-Workout Strawberry Margarita -- 12.1 ozCellucorActive Lifestyle & FitnessVitamin C, Citrulline Malate, Niacin, Vitamin B6, Vitamin B12, Vitamin B62024-11-29 10:47:42
Cellucor C4 Sport - Pre-Workout - NSF Certified for Sport Hawaiian Punch Fruit Juicy Red -- 20 ServingsCellucorActive Lifestyle & FitnessCaffeine Anhydrous, Chloride, Folate, Phosphorus, Potassium Citrate, Vitamin B6, Taurine, Vitamin B12, Vitamin B62024-11-29 10:47:42
Cellucor C4 Sport - Pre-Workout - NSF Certified for Sport Icy Blue Razz -- 20 ServingsCellucorActive Lifestyle & FitnessCaffeine Anhydrous, Chloride, Folate, Phosphorus, Potassium Citrate, Vitamin B6, Taurine, Vitamin B12, Vitamin B62024-11-29 10:47:42
Cellucor C4 Sport - Pre-Workout - NSF Certified for Sport Watermelon -- 20 ServingsCellucorActive Lifestyle & FitnessCaffeine Anhydrous, Chloride, Folate, Phosphorus, Potassium Citrate, Vitamin B6, Taurine, Vitamin B12, Vitamin B62024-11-29 10:47:42
Cellucor C4 Sport Pre-Workout - NSF Certified for Sport Fruit Punch -- 7.4 ozCellucorActive Lifestyle & FitnessVitamin B6, Sodium Citrate, Vitamin B12, Vitamin B62024-11-29 10:47:42
Cellucor C4 Sport Ripped - Pre-Workout - NSF Certified for Sport Artic Snow Cone -- 20 ServingsCellucorActive Lifestyle & FitnessCaffeine Anhydrous, Chloride, Folate, Phosphorus, Vitamin B6, Taurine, Vitamin B12, Vitamin B62024-11-29 10:47:42
Celsius Energy Drink Non-Carbonated Peach Mango Green Tea -- 12 fl oz Each / Pack of 12CelsiusActive Lifestyle & FitnessVitamin C, Biotin, Caffeine, Chromium, Niacin, Pantothenic Acid, Vitamin B6, Riboflavin, Taurine, Vitamin B12, Vitamin B62024-11-29 10:47:42
Celsius Energy Drink Non-Carbonated Raspberry Acai Green Tea -- 12 fl oz Each / Pack of 12CelsiusActive Lifestyle & FitnessVitamin C, Biotin, Caffeine, Chromium, Niacin, Pantothenic Acid, Vitamin B6, Riboflavin, Taurine, Vitamin B12, Vitamin B62024-11-29 10:47:42
Celsius Energy Drink Sparkling Fuji Apple Pear -- 12 fl oz Each / Pack of 12CelsiusActive Lifestyle & FitnessVitamin C, Biotin, Caffeine, Chromium, Niacin, Pantothenic Acid, Vitamin B6, Riboflavin, Taurine, Vitamin B12, Vitamin B62024-11-29 10:47:42
Celsius Energy Drink Sparkling Kiwi Guava -- 12 fl oz Each / Pack of 12CelsiusActive Lifestyle & FitnessVitamin C, Biotin, Caffeine, Chromium, Niacin, Pantothenic Acid, Vitamin B6, Riboflavin, Taurine, Vitamin B12, Vitamin B62024-11-29 10:47:42
Celsius Energy Drink Sparkling Orange -- 12 fl oz Each / Pack of 12CelsiusActive Lifestyle & FitnessVitamin C, Biotin, Caffeine, Chromium, Niacin, Pantothenic Acid, Vitamin B6, Riboflavin, Taurine, Vitamin B12, Vitamin B62024-11-29 10:47:42
Celsius Energy Drink Sparkling Peach Vibe -- 12 fl oz Each / Pack of 12CelsiusActive Lifestyle & FitnessVitamin C, Biotin, Chromium, Niacin, Pantothenic Acid, Vitamin B6, Riboflavin, Vitamin B12, Vitamin B62024-11-29 10:47:42
Celsius Energy Drink Sparkling Tropical Vibe -- 12 fl oz Each / Pack of 12CelsiusActive Lifestyle & FitnessVitamin C, Biotin, Caffeine, Chromium, Niacin, Pantothenic Acid, Vitamin B6, Riboflavin, Taurine, Vitamin B12, Vitamin B62024-11-29 10:47:42
Celsius Energy Drink Sparkling Watermelon -- 12 fl oz Each / Pack of 12CelsiusActive Lifestyle & FitnessVitamin C, Biotin, Caffeine, Chromium, Niacin, Pantothenic Acid, Vitamin B6, Riboflavin, Taurine, Vitamin B12, Vitamin B62024-11-29 10:47:42
Celsius Energy Drink Sparkling Wild Berry -- 12 fl oz Each / Pack of 12CelsiusActive Lifestyle & FitnessVitamin C, Biotin, Caffeine, Chromium, Niacin, Pantothenic Acid, Vitamin B6, Riboflavin, Taurine, Vitamin B12, Vitamin B62024-11-29 10:47:42
Centrum Adult Multivitamin and Multimineral Supplement -- 60 TabletsCentrumVitamins & SupplementsVitamin C, Biotin, Chloride, Vitamin D3, Chromium, Vitamin E, Folate, Vitamin E, Iodine, Manganese, Molybdenum, Niacin, Pantothenic Acid, Phosphorus, Vitamin B6, Vitamin A, Riboflavin, Selenium, Thiamin, Vitamin B12, Vitamin B6, Vitamin K2024-11-29 10:47:42
Centrum Men Multi-Vitamin Tablets -- 200 TabletsCentrumVitamins & SupplementsVitamin C, Biotin, Chloride, Vitamin D3, Chromium, Vitamin E, Folate, Vitamin E, Iodine, Lycopene, Manganese, Molybdenum, Niacin, Pantothenic Acid, Phosphorus, Vitamin B6, Vitamin A, Riboflavin, Selenium, Thiamin, Vitamin B12, Vitamin B6, Vitamin K2024-11-29 10:47:42
Centrum Menopause Mind and Mood -- 30 TabletsCentrumVitamins & SupplementsVitamin B6, Vitamin B12, Vitamin B62024-11-29 10:47:42
Centrum MultiGummies Men 50 Plus Multivitamin Supplement Assorted Natural Fruit -- 140 GummiesCentrumVitamins & SupplementsVitamin C, Biotin, Vitamin D3, Vitamin E, Folate, Vitamin E, Iodine, Pantothenic Acid, Vitamin B6, Vitamin A, Vitamin B12, Vitamin B62024-11-29 10:47:42
Centrum MultiGummies Men 50 Plus Multivitamin Supplement Assorted Natural Fruit -- 80 GummiesCentrumVitamins & SupplementsVitamin C, Biotin, Vitamin D3, Vitamin E, Folate, Vitamin E, Iodine, Pantothenic Acid, Vitamin B6, Vitamin A, Vitamin B12, Vitamin B62024-11-29 10:47:42
Centrum MultiGummies Women 50 Plus Multivitamin Supplement Assorted Fruit -- 140 GummiesCentrumVitamins & SupplementsVitamin C, Biotin, Vitamin D3, Vitamin E, Folate, Vitamin E, Iodine, Pantothenic Acid, Vitamin B6, Vitamin A, Vitamin B12, Vitamin B62024-11-29 10:47:42
Centrum MultiGummies Women 50 Plus Multivitamin Supplement Assorted Fruit -- 80 GummiesCentrumVitamins & SupplementsVitamin C, Biotin, Vitamin D3, Vitamin E, Folate, Vitamin E, Iodine, Pantothenic Acid, Vitamin B6, Vitamin A, Vitamin B12, Vitamin B62024-11-29 10:47:42
Centrum Multivitamin for Men Multivitamin/Multimineral Supplement -- 120 TabletsCentrumVitamins & SupplementsVitamin C, Biotin, Chloride, Vitamin D3, Chromium, Vitamin E, Folate, Vitamin E, Iodine, Lycopene, Manganese, Molybdenum, Niacin, Pantothenic Acid, Phosphorus, Vitamin B6, Vitamin A, Riboflavin, Selenium, Thiamin, Vitamin B12, Vitamin B6, Vitamin K2024-11-29 10:47:42
Centrum Multivitamin for Men Multivitamin/Multimineral Supplement -- 65 TabletsCentrumVitamins & SupplementsVitamin C, Biotin, Chloride, Vitamin D3, Chromium, Vitamin E, Folate, Vitamin E, Iodine, Lycopene, Manganese, Molybdenum, Niacin, Pantothenic Acid, Phosphorus, Vitamin B6, Vitamin A, Riboflavin, Selenium, Thiamin, Vitamin B12, Vitamin B6, Vitamin K2024-11-29 10:47:42
Centrum Silver Adults 50 Plus Multivitamin Tablets -- 220 TabletsCentrumVitamins & SupplementsVitamin C, Biotin, Chloride, Vitamin D3, Chromium, Vitamin E, Folate, Vitamin E, Iodine, Lutein, Lycopene, Manganese, Molybdenum, Niacin, Pantothenic Acid, Phosphorus, Vitamin B6, Vitamin A, Riboflavin, Selenium, Thiamin, Vitamin B12, Vitamin B6, Vitamin K2024-11-29 10:47:42
Centrum Silver Men 50 Plus Multivitamin-Multimineral Tablets -- 200 TabletsCentrumVitamins & SupplementsVitamin C, Biotin, Chloride, Vitamin D3, Chromium, Vitamin E, Folate, Vitamin E, Iodine, Lutein, Lycopene, Manganese, Molybdenum, Niacin, Pantothenic Acid, Phosphorus, Vitamin B6, Vitamin A, Riboflavin, Selenium, Thiamin, Vitamin B12, Vitamin B6, Vitamin K2024-11-29 10:47:42
Centrum Silver Women 50 Plus Multivitamin-Multimineral Tablets -- 100 TabletsCentrumVitamins & SupplementsVitamin C, Biotin, Chloride, Vitamin D3, Chromium, Vitamin E, Folate, Vitamin E, Iodine, Lutein, Manganese, Molybdenum, Niacin, Pantothenic Acid, Phosphorus, Vitamin B6, Vitamin A, Riboflavin, Selenium, Thiamin, Vitamin B12, Vitamin B6, Vitamin K2024-11-29 10:47:42
Centrum Women MultiVitamin -- 65 TabletsCentrumVitamins & SupplementsVitamin C, Biotin, Chloride, Vitamin D3, Chromium, Vitamin E, Folate, Vitamin E, Iodine, Manganese, Molybdenum, Niacin, Pantothenic Acid, Phosphorus, Vitamin B6, Vitamin A, Riboflavin, Selenium, Thiamin, Vitamin B12, Vitamin B6, Vitamin K2024-11-29 10:47:42
Centrum Women Multivitamin-Multimineral -- 200 TabletsCentrumVitamins & SupplementsVitamin C, Biotin, Chloride, Vitamin D3, Chromium, Vitamin E, Folate, Vitamin E, Iodine, Manganese, Molybdenum, Niacin, Pantothenic Acid, Phosphorus, Vitamin B6, Vitamin A, Riboflavin, Selenium, Thiamin, Vitamin B12, Vitamin B6, Vitamin K2024-11-29 10:47:42
Centrum Women Multivitamin-Multimineral Tablets -- 120 TabletsCentrumVitamins & SupplementsVitamin C, Biotin, Chloride, Vitamin D3, Chromium, Vitamin E, Folate, Vitamin E, Iodine, Manganese, Molybdenum, Niacin, Pantothenic Acid, Phosphorus, Vitamin B6, Vitamin A, Riboflavin, Selenium, Thiamin, Vitamin B12, Vitamin B6, Vitamin K2024-11-29 10:47:42
Cerebelly Organic Baby Food Dairy Free Smoothie Celery Apple Kiwi -- 6 PouchesCerebellyBaby & Kids ProductsVitamin C, Choline, Vitamin E, Folate, Vitamin E, Iodine, Manganese, Vitamin B6, Selenium, Vitamin B12, Vitamin B62024-11-29 10:47:42
Cerebelly Organic Baby Food Dairy Free Smoothie Purple Carrot Blueberry -- 6 PackCerebellyBaby & Kids ProductsVitamin C, Choline, Vitamin E, Folate, Vitamin E, Iodine, Manganese, Vitamin B6, Vitamin A, Selenium, Vitamin B12, Vitamin B62024-11-29 10:47:42
Cerebelly Organic Baby Food Dairy Free Smoothie Sweet Potato Peach -- 6 PouchesCerebellyBaby & Kids ProductsVitamin C, Choline, Vitamin E, Folate, Vitamin E, Iodine, Manganese, Niacin, Vitamin B6, Vitamin A, Selenium, Vitamin B12, Vitamin B62024-11-29 10:47:42
Cerebelly Organic Baby Food Purees Black Bean Sweet Potato with Avocado Oil -- 6 PouchesCerebellyBaby & Kids ProductsCholine, Vitamin E, Folate, Vitamin E, Iodine, Niacin, Vitamin B6, Vitamin A, Selenium, Vitamin B12, Vitamin B62024-11-29 10:47:42
Cerebelly Organic Baby Food Purees Butternut Squash White Bean -- 6 PouchesCerebellyBaby & Kids ProductsCholine, Vitamin E, Folate, Vitamin E, Iodine, Niacin, Vitamin B6, Vitamin A, Selenium, Vitamin B12, Vitamin B62024-11-29 10:47:42
Cerebelly Organic Baby Food Purees Beet Carrot Blueberry -- 6 PouchesCerebellyBaby & Kids ProductsCholine, Vitamin E, Folate, Vitamin E, Iodine, Niacin, Vitamin B6, Vitamin A, Selenium, Vitamin B12, Vitamin B62024-11-29 10:47:42
Cerebelly Organic Baby Food Purees Broccoli Pear -- 6 PouchesCerebellyBaby & Kids ProductsVitamin C, Choline, Vitamin E, Folate, Vitamin E, Iodine, Manganese, Niacin, Phosphorus, Vitamin B6, Vitamin A, Riboflavin, Selenium, Vitamin B12, Vitamin B62024-11-29 10:47:42
Cerebelly Organic Baby Food Purees Butternut Squash Chicken Broth -- 6 PouchesCerebellyBaby & Kids ProductsCholine, Vitamin E, Folate, Vitamin E, Iodine, Niacin, Vitamin B6, Vitamin A, Selenium, Vitamin B12, Vitamin B62024-11-29 10:47:42
Cerebelly Organic Baby Food Purees Carrot Beef Broth -- 6 PouchesCerebellyBaby & Kids ProductsCholine, Vitamin E, Folate, Vitamin E, Iodine, Niacin, Vitamin B6, Vitamin A, Selenium, Vitamin B12, Vitamin B62024-11-29 10:47:42
Cerebelly Organic Baby Food Purees Carrot Chickpea with Ginger -- 6 PouchesCerebellyBaby & Kids ProductsCholine, Folate, Iodine, Niacin, Vitamin B6, Vitamin A, Riboflavin, Selenium, Thiamin, Vitamin B12, Vitamin B62024-11-29 10:47:42
Cerebelly Organic Baby Food Purees Carrot Pumpkin -- 6 PouchesCerebellyBaby & Kids ProductsCholine, Vitamin E, Folate, Vitamin E, Iodine, Niacin, Vitamin B6, Vitamin A, Selenium, Vitamin B12, Vitamin B62024-11-29 10:47:42
Cerebelly Organic Baby Food Purees Green Bean Pumpkin -- 6 PouchesCerebellyBaby & Kids ProductsCholine, Vitamin E, Folate, Vitamin E, Iodine, Niacin, Vitamin B6, Vitamin A, Selenium, Vitamin B12, Vitamin B62024-11-29 10:47:42
Cerebelly Organic Baby Food Purees Kale Sweet Potato Apple -- 6 PouchesCerebellyBaby & Kids ProductsCholine, Vitamin E, Folate, Vitamin E, Iodine, Niacin, Vitamin B6, Vitamin A, Selenium, Vitamin B12, Vitamin B62024-11-29 10:47:42
Cerebelly Organic Baby Food Purees Spinach Apple Sweet Potato -- 6 PouchesCerebellyBaby & Kids ProductsVitamin C, Choline, Vitamin E, Folate, Vitamin E, Iodine, Manganese, Niacin, Vitamin B6, Vitamin A, Riboflavin, Selenium, Vitamin B12, Vitamin B62024-11-29 10:47:42
Cerebelly Organic Baby Food Purees Sweet Potato Mango -- 6 PouchesCerebellyBaby & Kids ProductsVitamin C, Choline, Vitamin E, Folate, Vitamin E, Iodine, Manganese, Niacin, Vitamin B6, Vitamin A, Riboflavin, Selenium, Vitamin B12, Vitamin B62024-11-29 10:47:42
Cerebelly Organic Baby Food Purees Sweet Potato Pinto Bean -- 6 PouchesCerebellyBaby & Kids ProductsCholine, Vitamin E, Folate, Vitamin E, Iodine, Niacin, Vitamin B6, Vitamin A, Selenium, Vitamin B12, Vitamin B62024-11-29 10:47:42
Cerebelly Organic Baby Food Purees White Bean Pumpkin Apple -- 6 PouchesCerebellyBaby & Kids ProductsVitamin C, Choline, Vitamin E, Folate, Vitamin E, Iodine, Manganese, Niacin, Vitamin B6, Vitamin A, Riboflavin, Selenium, Vitamin B12, Vitamin B62024-11-29 10:47:42
Cerebelly Organic Smart Toddler Snack Bars Apple Kale -- 5 BarsCerebellyBaby & Kids ProductsVitamin C, Choline, Vitamin E, Vitamin E, Iodine, Manganese, Phosphorus, Vitamin A, Selenium, Vitamin B122024-11-29 10:47:42
Cerebelly Organic Smart Toddler Snack Bars Strawberry Beet -- 5 BarsCerebellyBaby & Kids ProductsCholine, Vitamin E, Folate, Vitamin E, Iodine, Niacin, Vitamin B6, Vitamin A, Selenium, Vitamin B12, Vitamin B62024-11-29 10:47:42
Chapter One One Multi Gummies -- 60 GummiesChapter OneVitamins & SupplementsVitamin C, Biotin, Choline, Vitamin E, Folic Acid, Vitamin E, Inositol, Iodine, Pantothenic Acid, Vitamin B6, Vitamin A, Vitamin B12, Vitamin B62024-11-29 10:47:42
Chapter Six Prenatal -- 60 GummiesChapter SixVitamins & SupplementsVitamin C, Biotin, Vitamin D3, Vitamin E, Folate, Vitamin E, Iodine, Niacin, Vitamin B6, Vitamin A, Vitamin B12, Vitamin B62024-11-29 10:47:42
Chew + Heal Flea & Tick Support and Defense for Dogs -- 180 Soft ChewsChew + HealPet SuppliesVitamin B6, Vitamin B1, Vitamin B12, Vitamin B62024-11-29 10:47:42
Chickapea Non-GMO Organic Elbows Pasta -- 8 ozChickapeaFood & BeveragesFolate, Niacin, Phosphorus, Vitamin B6, Riboflavin, Thiamin, Vitamin B12, Vitamin B62024-11-29 10:47:42
Chickapea Non-GMO Organic Lasagna Pasta -- 8 ozChickapeaFood & BeveragesFolate, Niacin, Phosphorus, Vitamin B6, Riboflavin, Thiamin, Vitamin B12, Vitamin B62024-11-29 10:47:42
Childlife Multi Vitamin and Mineral Natural Orange Mango -- 8 fl ozChildlifeVitamins & SupplementsVitamin C, Biotin, Vitamin D3, Chromium, Vitamin E, Folic Acid, Vitamin E, Inositol, Iodine, Manganese, Niacin, Pantothenic Acid, Vitamin B6, Vitamin A, Riboflavin, Selenium, Thiamin, Vitamin B12, Vitamin B62024-11-29 10:47:42
Childlife Multi Vitamin SoftMelts Natural Orange -- 27 GummiesChildlifeVitamins & SupplementsVitamin C, Biotin, Vitamin D3, Vitamin E, Folate, Vitamin E, Niacin, Vitamin B6, Vitamin A, Riboflavin, Selenium, Vitamin B12, Vitamin B62024-11-29 10:47:42
Childlife MultiVitamin Gummy Gluten Free Sugar Free Strawberry Lemon -- 90 GummiesChildlifeVitamins & SupplementsVitamin C, Biotin, Boron, Vitamin D3, Chromium, Vitamin E, Folate, Vitamin E, Iodine, Lutein, Niacin, Pantothenic Acid, Vitamin B6, Vitamin A, Selenium, Thiamin, Vitamin B12, Vitamin B62024-11-29 10:47:42
Chlorenergy Chlorella Supplement -- 200 mg - 300 TabletsChlorenergyVitamins & SupplementsBiotin, Phosphorus, Vitamin A, Vitamin B12, Vitamin K2024-11-29 10:47:42
Clif Bar Builders Plant-Based Protein Bars Cookies and Cream -- 12 BarsClifActive Lifestyle & FitnessVitamin C, Biotin, Chromium, Vitamin E, Folate, Vitamin E, Iodine, Manganese, Molybdenum, Niacin, Pantothenic Acid, Phosphorus, Vitamin B6, Vitamin A, Riboflavin, Selenium, Thiamin, Vitamin B12, Vitamin B6, Vitamin K2024-11-29 10:47:42
Clif Bar Non-GMO Energy Bars Chocolate Chip Peanut Crunch -- 12 BarsClifActive Lifestyle & FitnessVitamin C, Vitamin E, Vitamin E, Niacin, Phosphorus, Vitamin B6, Vitamin A, Riboflavin, Thiamin, Vitamin B12, Vitamin B62024-11-29 10:47:42
Clif Bar Non-GMO Energy Mini Bars Crunchy Peanut Butter -- 10 BarsClifActive Lifestyle & FitnessVitamin C, Vitamin E, Vitamin E, Niacin, Phosphorus, Vitamin B6, Vitamin A, Riboflavin, Thiamin, Vitamin B12, Vitamin B62024-11-29 10:47:42
Clif Bar Non-GMO Energy Mini Bars White Chocolate Macadamia Nut -- 20 BarsClifActive Lifestyle & FitnessVitamin C, Vitamin E, Vitamin E, Niacin, Phosphorus, Vitamin B6, Vitamin A, Riboflavin, Thiamin, Vitamin B12, Vitamin B62024-11-29 10:47:42
Clif Bar Organic Kid ZBar Chocolate Chip -- 6 BarsClifFood & BeveragesVitamin C, Folate, Niacin, Phosphorus, Vitamin B6, Vitamin A, Riboflavin, Thiamin, Vitamin B12, Vitamin B62024-11-29 10:47:42
Codeage Hair Vitamins - Biotin 10000 mcg Keratin Collagen Zinc Inositol Supplement -- 120 CapsulesCodeageProfessional SupplementsVitamin C, Biotin, Omega-3, Vitamin D3, Vitamin E, Folate, Vitamin E, Inositol, Iodine, Niacin, Pantothenic Acid, Vitamin B6, Vitamin A, Selenium, Vitamin B12, Vitamin B62024-11-29 10:47:42
Codeage Liposomal NMN + Resveratrol Quercetin TMG NAD+ Supplement -- 500 mg - 90 CapsulesCodeageProfessional SupplementsBetaine Anhydrous, NMN, Riboflavin, Vitamin B122024-11-29 10:47:42
Codeage Liposomal Vitamin B12 Methylcobalamin Liquid Spray - Sugar-Free - Vegan Methyl B12 Mixed Berry -- 2 fl ozCodeageProfessional SupplementsSugar, Vitamin B122024-11-29 10:47:42
Codeage Methylfolate B Complex 5-MTHF Methylcobalamin Methylated Vitamin B B2 B6 B12 -- 120 CapsulesCodeageProfessional SupplementsBetaine, Folate, Vitamin B6, Riboflavin, Vitamin B12, Vitamin B62024-11-29 10:47:42
Codeage Raw Vitamin B-Complex-Essential B Vitamins-Probiotics- Enzymes-Fruits & Vegetables -- 60 Vegetable CapsulesCodeageProfessional SupplementsBiotin, Folate, Niacin, Pantothenic Acid, Vitamin B6, Thiamin, Vitamin B12, Vitamin B62024-11-29 10:47:42
Codeage Teen Daily Multivitamin - Vitamins A B C D E K Zinc Biotin & Probiotics Vegan Supplement -- 60 CapsulesCodeageProfessional SupplementsVitamin C, Astaxanthin, Biotin, Boron, Omega-3, Vitamin D3, Chromium, Coenzyme Q10, Vitamin E, Vitamin E, Inositol, Iodine, Lutein, Lycopene, Manganese, Vitamin K2, Vitamin K2, Molybdenum, Niacin, Pantothenic Acid, Phosphorus, Vitamin B6, Vitamin A, Riboflavin, Rutin, Selenium, Thiamin, Vitamin B12, Vitamin B6, Zeaxanthin2024-11-29 10:47:42
Codeage Teen Daily Multivitamin - Vitamins A B C D E K Zinc Biotin & Probiotics Vegan Supplement -- 60 Capsules Each / Pack of 2CodeageProfessional SupplementsVitamin C, Astaxanthin, Biotin, Boron, Omega-3, Vitamin D3, Chromium, Coenzyme Q10, Vitamin E, Vitamin E, Inositol, Iodine, Lutein, Lycopene, Manganese, Vitamin K2, Vitamin K2, Molybdenum, Niacin, Pantothenic Acid, Phosphorus, Vitamin B6, Vitamin A, Riboflavin, Rutin, Selenium, Thiamin, Vitamin B12, Vitamin B6, Zeaxanthin2024-11-29 10:47:42
Comforts Advantage Premium Milk-Based Infant Formula -- 34 ozComfortsBaby & Kids ProductsVitamin C, Biotin, Chloride, Choline, Vitamin E, Folic Acid, Vitamin E, Inositol, Iodine, Linoleic Acid, Manganese, Niacin, Fat, Pantothenic Acid, Phosphorus, Vitamin B6, Vitamin A, Riboflavin, Selenium, Thiamine, Vitamin B12, Vitamin B6, Vitamin K2024-11-29 10:47:42
Comforts Gentle Premium Milk Based Infant Formula -- 33.2 ozComfortsBaby & Kids ProductsVitamin C, Biotin, Chloride, Choline, Vitamin E, Folic Acid, Vitamin E, Inositol, Iodine, Linoleic Acid, Manganese, Niacin, Fat, Pantothenic Acid, Phosphorus, Vitamin B6, Vitamin A, Riboflavin, Selenium, Thiamine, Vitamin B12, Vitamin B6, Vitamin K2024-11-29 10:47:42
Comforts Infant Premium Milk Based Formula with Iron -- 34 ozComfortsBaby & Kids ProductsVitamin C, Biotin, Chloride, Choline, Vitamin E, Folic Acid, Vitamin E, Inositol, Iodine, Linoleic Acid, Manganese, Niacin, Fat, Pantothenic Acid, Phosphorus, Vitamin B6, Vitamin A, Riboflavin, Selenium, Thiamine, Vitamin B12, Vitamin B6, Vitamin K2024-11-29 10:47:42
Comforts Pediatric Shake Chocolate -- 6 ShakesComfortsBaby & Kids ProductsVitamin C, Biotin, Chloride, Choline, Chromium, Vitamin E, Folate, Vitamin E, Iodine, Manganese, Molybdenum, Niacin, Pantothenic Acid, Phosphorus, Vitamin B6, Vitamin A, Riboflavin, Selenium, Thiamin, Vitamin B12, Vitamin B6, Vitamin K2024-11-29 10:47:42
Comforts Pediatric Shake Strawberry -- 6 ShakesComfortsBaby & Kids ProductsVitamin C, Biotin, Chloride, Choline, Chromium, Vitamin E, Folate, Vitamin E, Iodine, Manganese, Molybdenum, Niacin, Pantothenic Acid, Phosphorus, Vitamin B6, Vitamin A, Riboflavin, Selenium, Thiamin, Vitamin B12, Vitamin B6, Vitamin K2024-11-29 10:47:42
Comforts Pediatric Shake Vanilla -- 16 ShakesComfortsBaby & Kids ProductsVitamin C, Biotin, Chloride, Choline, Chromium, Vitamin E, Folate, Vitamin E, Iodine, Manganese, Molybdenum, Niacin, Pantothenic Acid, Phosphorus, Vitamin B6, Vitamin A, Riboflavin, Selenium, Thiamin, Vitamin B12, Vitamin B6, Vitamin K2024-11-29 10:47:42
Comforts Pediatric Shake Vanilla -- 6 ShakesComfortsBaby & Kids ProductsVitamin C, Biotin, Chloride, Choline, Chromium, Vitamin E, Folate, Vitamin E, Iodine, Manganese, Molybdenum, Niacin, Pantothenic Acid, Phosphorus, Vitamin B6, Vitamin A, Riboflavin, Selenium, Thiamin, Vitamin B12, Vitamin B6, Vitamin K2024-11-29 10:47:42
Country Life Chewable Adult Multi -- 60 WafersCountry LifeVitamins & SupplementsPABA, Vitamin C, Biotin, calcium ascorbate, calcium citrate, Choline, Chromium, Vitamin E, riboflavin 5' phosphate, Folic Acid, Vitamin E, Inositol, Manganese, Niacin, niacinamide, PABA, Pantothenic Acid, pyridoxal 5' phosphate, pyridoxine hydrochloride, Vitamin B6, Vitamin A, Riboflavin, Selenium, Thiamin, Vitamin B12, Vitamin B62024-11-29 10:47:42
Country Life Coenzyme B-Complex -- 120 Vegan CapsulesCountry LifeVitamins & SupplementsPABA, Biotin, d-calcium pantothenate, Choline, dibencozide, riboflavin 5' phosphate, Folate, Inositol, Niacin, PABA, pantethine, Pantothenic Acid, pyridoxal 5' phosphate, pyridoxine hydrochloride, Vitamin B6, Riboflavin, thiamine hydrochloride, Thiamin, alpha-Lipoic Acid, Vitamin B12, Vitamin B62024-11-29 10:47:42
Country Life Coenzyme B-Complex -- 60 Vegan CapsulesCountry LifeVitamins & SupplementsPABA, Biotin, Choline, dibencozide, riboflavin 5' phosphate, Folate, Inositol, Niacin, PABA, pantethine, Pantothenic Acid, pyridoxal 5' phosphate, pyridoxine hydrochloride, Vitamin B6, Riboflavin, thiamine hydrochloride, Thiamin, Alpha-Lipoic Acid, Vitamin B12, Vitamin B62024-11-29 10:47:42
Country Life Core Daily-1 for Men 50 + -- 60 TabletsCountry LifeVitamins & SupplementsLipase, Vitamin C, beta carotene, Betaine, Biotin, Calcium fructoborate, d-calcium pantothenate, Cellulase, Choline, Chromium, Vitamin E, riboflavin 5' phosphate, Folic Acid, Vitamin E, inositol hexanicotinate, Inositol, Lactose, Manganese, Molybdenum, Niacin, pantethine, Pantothenic Acid, Phosphorus, pyridoxal 5' phosphate, pyridoxine hydrochloride, Vitamin B6, Vitamin A, Riboflavin, Selenium, citrate, citrate, thiamine hydrochloride, Thiamin, cyanocobalamin, Vitamin B6, Vitamin K2024-11-29 10:47:42
Country Life Core Daily™ 1 for Women 50 Plus -- 60 TabletsCountry LifeVitamins & SupplementsLipase, Vitamin C, beta carotene, Betaine, Biotin, Calcium fructoborate, d-calcium pantothenate, Cellulase, Choline, Chromium, Vitamin E, riboflavin 5' phosphate, Folic Acid, Vitamin E, inositol hexanicotinate, Inositol, Lactose, Manganese, Molybdenum, Niacin, pantethine, Pantothenic Acid, Phosphorus, pyridoxal 5' phosphate, pyridoxine hydrochloride, Vitamin B6, Vitamin A, Riboflavin, Selenium, citrate, citrate, thiamine hydrochloride, Thiamin, cyanocobalamin, Vitamin B6, Vitamin K2024-11-29 10:47:42
Country Life Daily Total One™ Iron Free -- 60 Vegetarian CapsulesCountry LifeVitamins & Supplements ascorbyl palmitate, Vitamin C, beta carotene, Betaine, Biotin, Boron, calcium ascorbate, calcium citrate, d-calcium pantothenate, di-calcium phosphate, Chromium, Vitamin E, riboflavin 5' phosphate, Folate, Vitamin E, inositol hexanicotinate, Inositol, magnesium citrate, Manganese, Molybdenum, Niacin, niacinamide, pantethine, Pantothenic Acid, Phosphorus, pyridoxal 5' phosphate, pyridoxine hydrochloride, Vitamin B6, retinyl palmitate, Vitamin A, Riboflavin, Selenium, thiamine hydrochloride, Thiamin, Vitamin B12, Vitamin B6, Vitamin K2024-11-29 10:47:42
Country Life Methyl B12 Cherry -- 5000 mcg - 60 LozengesCountry LifeVitamins & SupplementsVitamin B122024-11-29 10:47:42
Country Life Vitamin B-12 -- 1000 mcg - 60 TabletsCountry LifeVitamins & SupplementsVitamin B122024-11-29 10:47:42
Culturelle Kids Probiotic Plus Multivitamin Chewables Natural Fruit Punch -- 30 Chewable TabletsCulturelleVitamins & SupplementsVitamin C, Biotin, Vitamin E, Folate, Vitamin E, Iodine, Pantothenic Acid, Vitamin B6, Vitamin A, Vitamin B12, Vitamin B62024-11-29 10:47:42
Culturelle Kids Probiotics Multivitamin Plus Probiotic -- 60 GummiesCulturelleVitamins & SupplementsVitamin C, Biotin, Vitamin E, Folate, Vitamin E, Iodine, Lutein, Vitamin B6, Vitamin A, Vitamin B12, Vitamin B62024-11-29 10:47:42
Culturelle Metabolism + Weight Management with SlimBiotics -- 30 CapsulesCulturelleVitamins & SupplementsVitamin B6, Vitamin B12, Vitamin B62024-11-29 10:47:42
Culturelle Probiotics Metabolism plus Weight Management -- 12 billion CFUs - 30 Vegetarian CapsulesCulturelleVitamins & SupplementsVitamin B6, Vitamin B12, Vitamin B62024-11-29 10:47:42
Cwench Hydration Electrolyte Mix - NSF Certified for Sport Berry Crush -- 10 PacketsCwench HydrationActive Lifestyle & FitnessVitamin C, Biotin, L-Isoleucine, Niacin, Pantothenic Acid, Potassium Bicarbonate, Potassium Citrate, Vitamin B6, Riboflavin, Sodium Citrate, Thiamin, L-Valine, Vitamin B12, Vitamin B62024-11-29 10:47:42
Cwench Hydration Electrolyte Mix - NSF Certified for Sport Berry Crush -- 11 ozCwench HydrationActive Lifestyle & FitnessVitamin C, Biotin, L-Isoleucine, Niacin, Pantothenic Acid, Potassium Bicarbonate, Potassium Citrate, Vitamin B6, Riboflavin, Sodium Citrate, Thiamin, L-Valine, Vitamin B12, Vitamin B62024-11-29 10:47:42
Cwench Hydration Electrolyte Mix - NSF Certified for Sport Blue Raspberry -- 10 PacketsCwench HydrationActive Lifestyle & FitnessVitamin C, Biotin, L-Isoleucine, Niacin, Pantothenic Acid, Potassium Bicarbonate, Potassium Citrate, Vitamin B6, Riboflavin, Sodium Citrate, Thiamin, L-Valine, Vitamin B12, Vitamin B62024-11-29 10:47:42
Cwench Hydration Electrolyte Mix - NSF Certified for Sport Cherry Lime -- 10 PacketsCwench HydrationActive Lifestyle & FitnessVitamin C, Biotin, L-Isoleucine, Niacin, Pantothenic Acid, Potassium Bicarbonate, Potassium Citrate, Vitamin B6, Riboflavin, Sodium Citrate, Thiamin, L-Valine, Vitamin B12, Vitamin B62024-11-29 10:47:42
Cwench Hydration Electrolyte Mix - NSF Certified for Sport Cherry Lime -- 11 ozCwench HydrationActive Lifestyle & FitnessVitamin C, Biotin, L-Isoleucine, Niacin, Pantothenic Acid, Potassium Bicarbonate, Potassium Citrate, Vitamin B6, Riboflavin, Sodium Citrate, Thiamin, L-Valine, Vitamin B12, Vitamin B62024-11-29 10:47:42
Cwench Hydration Electrolyte Mix - NSF Certified for Sport Rainbow Swirl -- 10 PacketsCwench HydrationActive Lifestyle & FitnessVitamin C, Biotin, L-Isoleucine, Niacin, Pantothenic Acid, Potassium Bicarbonate, Potassium Citrate, Vitamin B6, Riboflavin, Sodium Citrate, Thiamin, L-Valine, Vitamin B12, Vitamin B62024-11-29 10:47:42
Cwench Hydration Electrolyte Mix - NSF Certified for Sport Rainbow Swirl -- 11 ozCwench HydrationActive Lifestyle & FitnessVitamin C, Biotin, L-Isoleucine, Niacin, Pantothenic Acid, Potassium Bicarbonate, Potassium Citrate, Vitamin B6, Riboflavin, Sodium Citrate, Thiamin, L-Valine, Vitamin B12, Vitamin B62024-11-29 10:47:42
Cymbiotika B12 + B6 Liposomal Delivery Wild Berry -- 30 ServingsCymbiotikaVitamins & SupplementsFolate, Vitamin B6, Vitamin B12, Vitamin B62024-11-29 10:47:42
DaVinci Laboratories Active Folate B12 Chewable -- 60 Chewable WaferDaVinci LaboratoriesProfessional SupplementsFolate, Vitamin B122024-11-29 10:47:42
DaVinci Laboratories B Complex-75 -- 60 CapsulesDaVinci LaboratoriesProfessional SupplementsPABA, Biotin, Choline, Folic Acid, Inositol, Niacinamide, PABA, Pantothenic Acid, Vitamin B6, Riboflavin, Thiamin, Vitamin B12, Vitamin B62024-11-29 10:47:42
DaVinci Laboratories B-12 MC Liquid -- 1000 mcg - 1 fl ozDaVinci LaboratoriesProfessional SupplementsFolate, Vitamin B6, Vitamin B12, Vitamin B62024-11-29 10:47:42
DaVinci Laboratories Benefits Line™ Adrenal Benefits™ -- 120 CapsulesDaVinci LaboratoriesProfessional SupplementsFolate, Pantothenic Acid, Vitamin B6, Vitamin B12, Vitamin B62024-11-29 10:47:42
DaVinci Laboratories Chewable B12-MC -- 100 TabletsDaVinci LaboratoriesProfessional SupplementsFolic Acid, Vitamin B122024-11-29 10:47:42
DaVinci Laboratories Daily Best™ Ultra Multivitamin -- 60 CapsulesDaVinci LaboratoriesProfessional SupplementsVitamin C, Biotin, Boron, Vitamin D3, Choline, Chromium, Coenzyme Q10, Vitamin E, Folate, Vitamin E, Inositol, Iodine, Lutein, Lycopene, Manganese, Vitamin K2, Vitamin K2, Molybdenum, Niacin, Pantothenic Acid, Vitamin B6, Vitamin A, Riboflavin, Selenium, Thiamin, Alpha-Lipoic Acid, Vitamin B12, Vitamin B6, Zeaxanthin2024-11-29 10:47:42
DaVinci Laboratories Healthy Eyes -- 90 CapsulesDaVinci LaboratoriesProfessional SupplementsVitamin C, Vitamin E, Vitamin E, Lutein, Lycopene, Quercetin, Vitamin A, Riboflavin, Selenium, Taurine, Alpha-Lipoic Acid, Vitamin B12, Zeaxanthin2024-11-29 10:47:42
DaVinci Laboratories Iron Bis-Glycinate -- 60 CapsulesDaVinci LaboratoriesProfessional SupplementsVitamin C, Folate, Vitamin B122024-11-29 10:47:42
DaVinci Laboratories Spectra Man Multi -- 120 TabletsDaVinci LaboratoriesProfessional Supplements Lipase, Octacosanol, PABA, Vitamin C, L-Aspartic Acid, Betaine HCl, Biotin, Boron, Vitamin D3, Choline, Chromium, L-Cysteine, Vitamin E, Folic Acid, Gamma Linolenic Acid, Vitamin E, L-Glutamine, Hesperidin, Inositol, Iodine, Lycopene, Manganese, Molybdenum, Niacin, PABA, Pantothenic Acid, Vitamin B6, Vitamin A, Riboflavin, Rutin, Selenium, Silicon, Thiamin, Alpha-Lipoic Acid, Vanadium, Vitamin B12, Vitamin B6, Vitamin K12024-11-29 10:47:42
DaVinci Laboratories Spectra™ Multivitamins for Adults -- 240 TabletsDaVinci LaboratoriesProfessional Supplements Lipase, Octacosanol, PABA, Vitamin C, L-Aspartic Acid, Betaine HCl, Biotin, Boron, Vitamin D3, Choline, Chromium, L-Cysteine, Vitamin E, Folic Acid, Vitamin E, L-Glutamine, Hesperidin, Inositol, Iodine, Linoleic Acid, Manganese, Molybdenum, Niacin, Nickel, PABA, Pantothenic Acid, Vitamin B6, Vitamin A, Riboflavin, Rutin, Selenium, Silicon, Thiamin, Vanadium, Vitamin B12, Vitamin B6, Vitamin K12024-11-29 10:47:42
DaVinci Laboratories Spectra™ Senior Multi -- 180 TabletsDaVinci LaboratoriesProfessional Supplements lipase, Octacosanol, PABA, Vitamin C, L-Aspartic Acid, Betaine HCl, Biotin, Boron, Vitamin D3, Choline, Chromium, Coenzyme Q10, L-Cysteine, Vitamin E, Folic Acid, Gamma Linolenic Acid, Vitamin E, Glutamic Acid, Hesperidin, Inositol, Iodine, Lutein, Lycopene, Manganese, Molybdenum, Niacin, PABA, Pantothenic Acid, Vitamin B6, Vitamin A, Riboflavin, Rutin, Selenium, Silicon, Thiamin, Alpha-Lipoic Acid, Vanadium, Vitamin B12, Vitamin B6, Vitamin K12024-11-29 10:47:42
DaVinci Laboratories Spectra™ Woman -- 120 TabletsDaVinci LaboratoriesProfessional Supplements lipase, Octacosanol, PABA, Vitamin C, L-Aspartic Acid, Biotin, Boron, Vitamin D3, Choline, Chromium, L-Cysteine, Vitamin E, Folic Acid, Gamma Linolenic Acid, Vitamin E, L-Glutamine, Hesperidin, Inositol, Iodine, Manganese, Molybdenum, Niacin, Nickel, PABA, Pantothenic Acid, Vitamin B6, Vitamin A, Riboflavin, Rutin, Selenium, Silicon, Thiamin, Vanadium, Vitamin B12, Vitamin B6, Vitamin K12024-11-29 10:47:42
DaVinci Laboratories Ultimate Prenatal Multi -- 150 TabletsDaVinci LaboratoriesProfessional Supplements lipase, Octacosanol, PABA, Vitamin C, L-Aspartic Acid, Betaine HCl, Biotin, Boron, Vitamin D3, Choline, Chromium, L-Cysteine, Vitamin E, Folic Acid, Vitamin E, L-Glutamine, Hesperidin, Inositol, Iodine, Linoleic Acid, Manganese, Molybdenum, Niacin, PABA, Pantothenic Acid, Vitamin B6, Vitamin A, Riboflavin, Rutin, Selenium, Silicon, Thiamin, Vitamin B12, Vitamin B6, Vitamin K12024-11-29 10:47:42
Designer Wellness Designer Whey - Meal Replacement Protein Powder Milk Chocolate -- 1.72 lbsDesigner WellnessWeight ManagementVitamin C, Biotin, Chromium, Vitamin E, Folate, Vitamin E, Iodine, Manganese, Niacin, Pantothenic Acid, Phosphorus, Vitamin B6, Vitamin A, Riboflavin, Thiamin, Vitamin B12, Vitamin B6, Vitamin K2024-11-29 10:47:42
Designer Wellness Designer Whey - Meal Replacement Protein Powder Vanilla Bean -- 1.72 lbsDesigner WellnessWeight ManagementVitamin C, Biotin, Chromium, Vitamin E, Folate, Vitamin E, Iodine, Manganese, Niacin, Pantothenic Acid, Phosphorus, Vitamin B6, Vitamin A, Riboflavin, Thiamin, Vitamin B12, Vitamin B6, Vitamin K2024-11-29 10:47:42
Designer Wellness LITE® Natural Protein Vanilla Cupcake -- 9.03 ozDesigner WellnessActive Lifestyle & FitnessPantothenic Acid, Phosphorus, Vitamin B6, Vitamin A, Riboflavin, Thiamin, Vitamin B12, Vitamin B62024-11-29 10:47:42
Designer Wellness Totally Egg Classic Vanilla -- 12.4 ozDesigner WellnessActive Lifestyle & FitnessPantothenic Acid, Phosphorus, Riboflavin, Vitamin B122024-11-29 10:47:42
Designs for Sport Mito NRG Complex - NSF Certified for Sport -- 120 Vegetarian CapsulesDesigns for SportProfessional SupplementsCoenzyme Q10, Creatine, L-Carnitine, Malic Acid, Manganese, Niacin, Pantethine, Vitamin B6, Trans-Resveratrol, Riboflavin, D-Ribose, Succinic Acid, Thiamin, Alpha-Lipoic Acid, Vitamin B12, Vitamin B62024-11-29 10:47:42
Designs for Sport Multi + Phyto - NSF Certified for Sport -- 120 Vegetarian CapsulesDesigns for SportProfessional SupplementsVitamin C, Benfotiamine, Biotin, Boron, Chromium, Folate, Lycopene, Manganese, MK-7, MK-9, Molybdenum, Niacin, Pantothenic Acid, Vitamin B6, Quercetin, Trans-Resveratrol, Vitamin A, Riboflavin, Selenium, Thiamin, Vanadium, Vitamin B12, Vitamin B6, Vitamin K2024-11-29 10:47:42
Designs for Sport Power Pack - NSF Certified for Sport -- 30 PacketsDesigns for SportProfessional SupplementsVitamin C, Benfotiamine, Biotin, Boron, Chromium, Folate, Lycopene, Manganese, MK-7, MK-9, Molybdenum, Niacin, Pantothenic Acid, Vitamin B6, Quercetin, Trans-Resveratrol, Vitamin A, Riboflavin, Selenium, Thiamin, Vanadium, Vitamin B12, Vitamin B6, Vitamin K2024-11-29 10:47:42
Deva Vegan B12 -- 90 TabletsDevaVitamins & SupplementsVitamin B122024-11-29 10:47:42
Deva Vegan B12 Fast Dissolve -- 90 TabletsDevaVitamins & SupplementsFolate, Vitamin B122024-11-29 10:47:42
Deva Vegan Chelated Iron -- 29 mg - 90 TabletsDevaVitamins & SupplementsVitamin B122024-11-29 10:47:42
Deva Vegan Hair Nails and Skin -- 90 TabletsDevaVitamins & SupplementsPABA, Vitamin C, Biotin, Choline, L-cysteine, Vitamin E, Folate, Vitamin E, Inositol, Iodine, Vitamin B3, PABA, Vitamin B5, Vitamin B6, Vitamin B2, Beta Sitosterol, Vitamin B1, Alpha Lipoic Acid, Vitamin B12, Vitamin B6, Vitamin D22024-11-29 10:47:42
Deva Vegan Multivitamin & Mineral Supplement -- 90 Coated TabletsDevaVitamins & SupplementsVitamin C, Beta Carotene, Betaine HCL, Biotin, Boron, Choline, Chromium, Vitamin E, Folic Acid, Vitamin E, Inositol, Iodine, Calcium Carbonate, Lutein, Manganese, Molybdenum, Vitamin B3, Vitamin B5, Vitamin B6, Vitamin A, Vitamin B2, Rutin, Selenium, Vitamin B1, Vitamin B12, Vitamin B6, Vitamin D22024-11-29 10:47:42
Deva Vegan Multivitamin & Mineral Tiny Tablets -- 90 TabletsDevaVitamins & SupplementsVitamin C, Biotin, Boron, Choline, Chromium, Vitamin E, Folate, Vitamin E, Inositol, Iodine, Manganese, Molybdenum, Vitamin B3, Vitamin B5, Vitamin B6, Vitamin A, Vitamin B2, Selenium, Vitamin B1, Vitamin B12, Vitamin B6, Vitamin D22024-11-29 10:47:42
Deva Vegan Multivitamin and Mineral Supplement Iron Free -- 90 Coated TabletsDevaVitamins & SupplementsVitamin C, Beta Carotene, Biotin, Boron, Choline, Chromium, Vitamin E, Folic Acid, Vitamin E, Inositol, Iodine, Lutein, Manganese, Molybdenum, Vitamin B3, Vitamin B5, Vitamin B6, Vitamin A, Vitamin B2, Rutin, Selenium, Vitamin B1, Vitamin B12, Vitamin B6, Vitamin D22024-11-29 10:47:42
Deva Vegan Prenatal One Daily Multivitamin and Mineral -- 90 Coated TabletsDevaVitamins & SupplementsChamomile, Vitamin C, Biotin, Boron, Choline, Chromium, Vitamin E, Folate, Vitamin E, Inositol, Iodine, Lutein, Manganese, Molybdenum, Vitamin B3, Vitamin B5, Vitamin B6, Vitamin A, Vitamin B2, Selenium, Vitamin B1, Vitamin B12, Vitamin B6, Vitamin D2, Vitamin K2024-11-29 10:47:42
Divine Health Brain Zone Basic -- 120 CapsulesDivine HealthVitamins & SupplementsTrimethylglycine, Trimethylglycine, Curcumin, Folate, Vitamin B6, Vitamin B2, Vitamin B12, Vitamin B62024-11-29 10:47:42
Douglas Laboratories B-Complex with Metafolin L-5-MTHF -- 60 Vegetarian CapsulesDouglas LaboratoriesProfessional SupplementsBiotin, Folate, Niacin, Pantothenic Acid, Vitamin B6, vitamin B2, Thiamin, vitamin B1, Vitamin B12, Vitamin B62024-11-29 10:47:42
Douglas Laboratories Liquid B12 -- 1 fl ozDouglas LaboratoriesProfessional SupplementsVitamin B122024-11-29 10:47:42
Douglas Laboratories Methyl B12 Plus -- 90 LozengesDouglas LaboratoriesProfessional SupplementsL-methylfolate, Folate, Vitamin B122024-11-29 10:47:42
Douglas Laboratories Ultra Preventive® Kids Natural Grape -- 60 TabletsDouglas LaboratoriesProfessional SupplementsVitamin C, Biotin, Boron, Vitamin D3, Choline, Vitamin E, Folic Acid, Vitamin E, Iodine, Lutein, Manganese, Molybdenum, Pantothenic Acid, Vitamin B6, Vitamin A, Riboflavin, Selenium, Thiamine, beta, Vanadium, Vitamin B12, Vitamin B62024-11-29 10:47:42
Douglas Laboratories Ultra Preventive® Kids Natural Orange -- 60 TabletsDouglas LaboratoriesProfessional SupplementsVitamin C, Biotin, Boron, Vitamin D3, Choline, Vitamin E, Folic Acid, Vitamin E, Iodine, Manganese, Molybdenum, Pantothenic Acid, Vitamin B6, Vitamin A, Riboflavin, Selenium, Thiamine, beta, Vanadium, Vitamin B12, Vitamin B62024-11-29 10:47:42
Dr. Mercola Kids Chewable Multivitamin Fruit -- 60 TabletsDr. MercolaProfessional SupplementsVitamin C, Biotin, Boron, Calcium Ascorbate, Calcium Citrate, Vitamin D3, Chromium, Folate, Iodine, Manganese, Molybdenum, Niacin, Niacinamide, Pantothenic Acid, Vitamin B6, Vitamin A, Riboflavin, Selenium, Thiamin, Vanadium, Vitamin B12, Vitamin B62024-11-29 10:47:42
Dr. Mercola Vitamin B Complex with Benfotiamine -- 180 CapsulesDr. MercolaProfessional SupplementsBenfotiamine, Biotin, Folate, Niacin, Pantothenic Acid, Vitamin B6, Riboflavin, Thiamin, Vitamin B12, Vitamin B62024-11-29 10:47:42
Dr. Mercola Vitamin B Complex with Benfotiamine -- 60 CapsulesDr. MercolaProfessional SupplementsBenfotiamine, Biotin, Folate, Niacin, Pantothenic Acid, Vitamin B6, Riboflavin, Thiamin, Vitamin B12, Vitamin B62024-11-29 10:47:42
Dr. Mercola Whole Food Multivitamin Plus -- 240 TabletsDr. MercolaProfessional SupplementsPABA, Ascorbyl Palmitate, Vitamin C, Betaine, Biotin, Boron, Vitamin D3, Choline, Chromium, Folate, Glutamic Acid, Hesperidin, Inositol, Iodine, Manganese, Molybdenum, Niacin, Niacinamide, PABA, Pantothenic Acid, Vitamin B6, Vitamin A, Riboflavin, Rutin, Selenium, Strontium, Thiamin, Vanadium, Vitamin B12, Vitamin B62024-11-29 10:47:42
Dr. Mercola Whole-Food Multivitamin for Women -- 240 TabletsDr. MercolaProfessional SupplementsPABA, Ascorbyl Palmitate, Vitamin C, Betaine, Biotin, Boron, Vitamin D3, Choline, Chromium, Folate, Glutamic Acid, Hesperidin, Inositol, Iodine, Manganese, Molybdenum, Niacin, PABA, Pantothenic Acid, Vitamin B6, Vitamin A, Riboflavin, Rutin, Selenium, Strontium, Thiamin, Vanadium, Vitamin B12, Vitamin B62024-11-29 10:47:42
Dream Organic Original Rice Drink -- 32 fl ozDreamFood & BeveragesVitamin C, Phosphorus, Vitamin A, Vitamin B122024-11-29 10:47:42
Dream Organic Rice Drink Original -- 64 fl ozDreamFood & BeveragesPhosphorus, Vitamin A, Vitamin B122024-11-29 10:47:42
Dream Organic Soy Milk Original -- 32 fl ozDreamFood & BeveragesPhosphorus, Vitamin A, Vitamin B122024-11-29 10:47:42
Dream Rice Drink Vanilla -- 64 fl ozDreamFood & BeveragesPhosphorus, Vitamin A, Vitamin B122024-11-29 10:47:42
DripDrop Passion Fruit Zero -- 8 SticksDripDropActive Lifestyle & FitnessVitamin C, Niacin, Pantothenic Acid, Vitamin B6, Vitamin B12, Vitamin B62024-11-29 10:47:42
DripDrop Zero Lemon Lime -- 8 SticksDripDropActive Lifestyle & FitnessVitamin C, Niacin, Pantothenic Acid, Vitamin B6, Vitamin B12, Vitamin B62024-11-29 10:47:42
Dymatize Super Mass Gainer Gourmet Vanilla -- 6 lbsDymatizeActive Lifestyle & FitnessVitamin C, Vitamin E, Folate, Vitamin E, Iodine, Niacin, Pantothenic Acid, Phosphorus, Vitamin B6, Vitamin A, Riboflavin, Thiamin, Vitamin B12, Vitamin B62024-11-29 10:47:42
Dymatize Super Mass Gainer Rich Chocolate -- 6 lbsDymatizeActive Lifestyle & FitnessVitamin C, Vitamin E, Folate, Vitamin E, Iodine, Niacin, Pantothenic Acid, Phosphorus, Vitamin B6, Vitamin A, Riboflavin, Thiamin, Vitamin B12, Vitamin B62024-11-29 10:47:42
Eden Foods Organic EdenSoy Extra Soy Milk Vanilla -- 32 fl ozEden FoodsFood & BeveragesBiotin, Omega-3, Vitamin E, Folate, Vitamin E, Iodine, Niacin, Pantothenic Acid, Phosphorus, Pyridoxine, Vitamin A, Riboflavin, Thiamin, Vitamin B122024-11-29 10:47:42
Eden Foods Organic EdenSoy® Extra Soymilk Dairy Free Original -- 32 fl ozEden FoodsFood & BeveragesBiotin, Omega-3, Folate, Iodine, Niacin, Pantothenic Acid, Phosphorus, Pyridoxine, Vitamin A, Riboflavin, Thiamin, Vitamin B122024-11-29 10:47:42
Else Kids Complete Nutrition Shake RTD Plant Powered 2+ Years Chocolate -- 4 PackElseBaby & Kids ProductsVitamin C, Biotin, Chloride, Choline, Vitamin E, Folate, Vitamin E, Inositol, Iodine, Manganese, Niacin, Pantothenic Acid, Phosphorus, Vitamin B6, Vitamin A, Riboflavin, Selenium, Thiamine, Vitamin B12, Vitamin B6, Vitamin K2024-11-29 10:47:42
Else Kids Nutritional Shake Plant Protein Powder 2+ Year Vanilla -- 16 ozElseBaby & Kids ProductsVitamin C, Biotin, Choline, Vitamin E, Folate, Vitamin E, Niacin, Pantothenic Acid, Phosphorus, Vitamin B6, Vitamin A, Riboflavin, Thiamine, Vitamin B12, Vitamin B62024-11-29 10:47:42
Else Kids Nutritional Shake Plant Protein Powder 2+ Years Chocolate -- 16 ozElseBaby & Kids ProductsVitamin C, Biotin, Choline, Vitamin E, Folate, Vitamin E, Niacin, Pantothenic Acid, Phosphorus, Vitamin B6, Vitamin A, Riboflavin, Thiamine, Vitamin B12, Vitamin B62024-11-29 10:47:42
Else Organic Plant-Powered Super Cereal 6+ Months Banana -- 7 ozElseBaby & Kids ProductsVitamin C, Biotin, Choline, Vitamin E, Folate, Vitamin E, Iodine, Manganese, Niacin, Pantothenic Acid, Phosphorus, Vitamin B6, Vitamin A, Riboflavin, Thiamine, Vitamin B12, Vitamin B62024-11-29 10:47:42
Else Organic Plant-Powered Super Cereal Baby 6+ Months Mango -- 7 ozElseBaby & Kids ProductsVitamin C, Biotin, Choline, Vitamin E, Folate, Vitamin E, Niacin, Pantothenic Acid, Phosphorus, Vitamin B6, Vitamin A, Riboflavin, Thiamine, Vitamin B12, Vitamin B62024-11-29 10:47:42
Else Organic Plant-Powered Super Cereal Baby 6+ Months Original -- 7 ozElseBaby & Kids ProductsVitamin C, Biotin, Choline, Vitamin E, Folate, Vitamin E, Manganese, Niacin, Pantothenic Acid, Phosphorus, Vitamin B6, Vitamin A, Riboflavin, Thiamine, Vitamin B12, Vitamin B62024-11-29 10:47:42
Else Organic Plant-Powered Super Cereal Baby 6+ Months Vanilla -- 7 ozElseBaby & Kids ProductsVitamin C, Biotin, Choline, Vitamin E, Folate, Vitamin E, Niacin, Pantothenic Acid, Phosphorus, Vitamin B6, Vitamin A, Riboflavin, Thiamine, Vitamin B12, Vitamin B62024-11-29 10:47:42
Else Toddler Omega 3&6 Complete Nutrition Formula Plant-Based 12+ Months -- 22 ozElseBaby & Kids ProductsVitamin C, Biotin, Chloride, Choline, Vitamin E, Folate, Vitamin E, Iodine, Manganese, Niacin, Pantothenic Acid, Phosphorus, Vitamin B6, Vitamin A, Riboflavin, Thiamine, Vitamin B12, Vitamin B6, Vitamin K2024-11-29 10:47:42
Else Toddler Organic Complete Nutrition Formula Plant-Based 12+ Months -- 22 ozElseBaby & Kids ProductsVitamin C, Biotin, Choline, Vitamin E, Folate, Vitamin E, Niacin, Pantothenic Acid, Phosphorus, Vitamin B6, Vitamin A, Riboflavin, Thiamine, Vitamin B12, Vitamin B62024-11-29 10:47:42
Emerald Cove Organic Toasted Shushi Nori -- 50 SheetsEmerald CoveFood & BeveragesVitamin C, Biotin, Vitamin E, Folate, Vitamin E, Iodine, Manganese, Molybdenum, Niacin, Pantothenic Acid, Phosphorus, Vitamin B6, Vitamin A, Riboflavin, Thiamin, Vitamin B12, Vitamin B6, Vitamin K2024-11-29 10:47:42
Emerald Labs CoEnzymated B Healthy -- 120 Vegetable CapsulesEmerald LabsVitamins & SupplementsBiotin, Inositol, Vitamin B3, Vitamin B5, Vitamin B1, Vitamin B122024-11-29 10:47:42
Emerald Labs CoEnzymated B-Healthy -- 60 Vegetable CapsulesEmerald LabsVitamins & SupplementsBiotin, Inositol, Vitamin B3, Vitamin B5, Vitamin B1, Vitamin B122024-11-29 10:47:42
Emerald Labs CoEnzymated Complete plus 2-Daily Multi -- 60 Vegetable CapsulesEmerald LabsVitamins & SupplementsLipase, Beta Carotene, Biotin, Boron, Cellulase, Vitamin D3, Chromium, Inositol, Iodine, Lutein, Lycopene, Manganese, Molybdenum, Vitamin B3, Vitamin B5, P-5-P, Pyridoxine HCl, Vitamin B6, Vitamin A, Vitamin B2, R-5-P, Rutin, Selenium, Vitamin B1, Alpha Lipoic Acid, Vanadium, Vitamin B12, Vitamin B62024-11-29 10:47:42
Emerald Labs Complete Clinical Plus Multi -- 120 Vegetable CapsulesEmerald LabsVitamins & SupplementsBeta Carotene, Biotin, Boron, Vitamin D3, Chromium, CoQ10, Inositol, Iodine, Lutein, Lycopene, Manganese, Molybdenum, Vitamin B3, Vitamin B5, P-5-P, Pyridoxine HCl, Vitamin B6, Vitamin A, Vitamin B2, R-5-P, Rutin, Selenium, Vitamin B1, Alpha Lipoic Acid, Vanadium, Vitamin B12, Vitamin B62024-11-29 10:47:42
Emerald Labs Estrogen Detox for Men and Women -- 60 Vegetable CapsEmerald LabsVitamins & SupplementsDiindolylmethane, Vitamin B122024-11-29 10:47:42
Emerald Labs Prenatal 1-Daily Multi -- 30 Vegetable CapsulesEmerald LabsVitamins & SupplementsBiotin, Boron, Vitamin D3, Chromium, Inositol, Iodine, Lutein, Lycopene, Manganese, Molybdenum, Vitamin B3, Vitamin B5, Vitamin B6, Vitamin A, Vitamin B2, Rutin, Selenium, Vitamin B1, Alpha-Lipoic Acid, Vanadium, Vitamin B12, Vitamin B62024-11-29 10:47:42
Emerald Labs Prenatal 1-Daily Multi -- 60 Vegetable CapsulesEmerald LabsVitamins & SupplementsLipase, Beta Carotene, Biotin, Boron, cellulase, Vitamin D3, Chromium, Vitamin E, Vitamin E, Inositol, Iodine, Lutein, Lycopene, Manganese, Vitamin K2, Vitamin K2, Molybdenum, Vitamin B3, Vitamin B5, Vitamin B6, Vitamin A, Vitamin B2, Rutin, Selenium, Vitamin B1, Alpha-Lipoic Acid, Vitamin B12, Vitamin B6, Vitamin K12024-11-29 10:47:42
Emergen-C Immune Plus Triple Action Immune Support Super Orange -- 30 PacketsEmergen-CVitamins & SupplementsVitamin C, calcium pantothenate, monobasic calcium phosphate, Vitamin D3, Chromium, tribasic calcium phosphate, Folate, calcium carbonate, magnesium carbonate, Manganese, Niacin, Pantothenic Acid, Phosphorus, potassium carbonate, Vitamin B6, Riboflavin, sodium bicarbonate, Thiamin, Vitamin B12, Vitamin B62024-11-29 10:47:42
Emergen-C Vitamin C Fizzy Drink Mix Pink Lemonade -- 1000 mg - 30 PacketsEmergen-CVitamins & SupplementsVitamin C, calcium pantothenate, monobasic calcium phosphate, Chromium, tribasic calcium phosphate, Folate, calcium carbonate, magnesium carbonate, Manganese, Niacin, Pantothenic Acid, Phosphorus, potassium bicarbonate, potassium carbonate, Riboflavin, sodium bicarbonate, Thiamin, Vitamin B122024-11-29 10:47:42
Ener-C Vitamin C Raspberry -- 1000 mg - 30 PacketsEner-CVitamins & SupplementsVitamin C, Chromium, Vitamin E, Folate, Vitamin E, Iodine, Manganese, Vitamin B3, Pantothenic Acid, Phosphorus, Vitamin B6, Vitamin A, Vitamin B12, Vitamin B62024-11-29 10:47:42
Ener-C Vitamin C Multivitamin Drink Mix Lemon Lime -- 1000 mg - 30 PacketsEner-CVitamins & SupplementsVitamin C, Chromium, Vitamin E, Folic Acid, Vitamin E, Iodine, Manganese, Vitamin B3, Pantothenic Acid, Phosphorus, Vitamin B6, Vitamin A, Vitamin B12, Vitamin B62024-11-29 10:47:42
Ener-C Vitamin C Multivitamin Drink Mix Orange -- 1000 mg - 30 PacketsEner-CVitamins & SupplementsVitamin C, Beta Carotene, Chromium, Vitamin E, Folic Acid, Vitamin E, Iodine, Manganese, Vitamin B3, Pantothenic Acid, Phosphorus, Vitamin B6, Vitamin A, Vitamin B12, Vitamin B62024-11-29 10:47:42
Ener-C Vitamin C Multivitamin Drink Mix Peach Mango -- 1000 mg - 30 PacketsEner-CVitamins & SupplementsVitamin C, Chromium, Vitamin E, Folate, Vitamin E, Iodine, Vitamin B3, Pantothenic Acid, Phosphorus, Vitamin B6, Vitamin A, Vitamin B12, Vitamin B62024-11-29 10:47:42
Ener-C Vitamin C Multivitamin Drink Mix Tangerine Grapefruit -- 1000 mg - 30 PacketsEner-CVitamins & SupplementsVitamin C, Chromium, Vitamin E, Folic Acid, Vitamin E, Iodine, Manganese, Vitamin B3, Pantothenic Acid, Phosphorus, Vitamin B6, Vitamin A, Vitamin B12, Vitamin B62024-11-29 10:47:42
Ener-C Vitamin C Multivitamin Drink Mix Variety Pack -- 1000 mg - 30 PacketsEner-CVitamins & SupplementsVitamin C, Chromium, Vitamin E, Folic Acid, Vitamin E, Iodine, Manganese, Vitamin B3, Pantothenic Acid, Phosphorus, Vitamin B6, Vitamin A, Vitamin B12, Vitamin B62024-11-29 10:47:42
Ener-C Vitamin C Multivitamin Drink Mix Sugar Free Mixed Berry -- 1000 mg - 30 PacketsEner-CVitamins & SupplementsVitamin C, Chromium, Vitamin E, Folate, Vitamin E, Iodine, Manganese, Niacinamide, Pantothenic Acid, Phosphorus, Vitamin B6, Vitamin B12, Vitamin B62024-11-29 10:47:42
Ener-C Vitamin C Multivitamin Drink Mix Sugar Free Orange -- 1000 mg - 30 PacketsEner-CVitamins & SupplementsVitamin C, Chromium, Vitamin E, Folate, Vitamin E, Iodine, Manganese, Niacinamide, Pantothenic Acid, Phosphorus, Vitamin B6, Vitamin B12, Vitamin B62024-11-29 10:47:42
Ensure Clear Nutrition Drink Mixed Fruit -- 4 PackEnsureWeight ManagementVitamin C, Biotin, Chromium, Vitamin E, Folic Acid, Vitamin E, Iodine, Manganese, Molybdenum, Niacin, Pantothenic Acid, Phosphorus, Vitamin B6, Vitamin A, Riboflavin, Selenium, Thiamin, Vitamin B12, Vitamin B6, Vitamin K2024-11-29 10:47:42
Ensure Complete Nutrition Shake Milk Chocolate -- 4 ShakesEnsureWeight ManagementVitamin C, Biotin, Chloride, Choline, Chromium, Vitamin E, Folate, Vitamin E, Iodine, Manganese, Molybdenum, Niacin, Pantothenic Acid, Phosphorus, Vitamin B6, Vitamin A, Riboflavin, Selenium, Thiamin, Vitamin B12, Vitamin B6, Vitamin K2024-11-29 10:47:42
Ensure Complete Nutrition Shake Vanilla -- 4 ShakesEnsureWeight ManagementVitamin C, Biotin, Chloride, Choline, Chromium, Vitamin E, Folate, Vitamin E, Iodine, Manganese, Molybdenum, Niacin, Pantothenic Acid, Phosphorus, Vitamin B6, Vitamin A, Riboflavin, Selenium, Thiamin, Vitamin B12, Vitamin B6, Vitamin K2024-11-29 10:47:42
Ensure High Protein Nutrition Shake Milk Chocolate -- 8 fl oz Each / Pack of 6EnsureWeight ManagementVitamin C, Biotin, Chromium, Vitamin E, Folate, Vitamin E, Iodine, Molybdenum, Niacin, Pantothenic Acid, Phosphorus, Vitamin B6, Vitamin A, Riboflavin, Selenium, Thiamin, Vitamin B12, Vitamin B6, Vitamin K2024-11-29 10:47:42
Ensure High Protein Nutrition Shake Vanilla 8 fl oz -- 6 BottlesEnsureWeight ManagementVitamin C, Biotin, Chromium, Vitamin E, Folate, Vitamin E, Iodine, Molybdenum, Niacin, Pantothenic Acid, Phosphorus, Vitamin B6, Vitamin A, Riboflavin, Selenium, Thiamin, Vitamin B12, Vitamin B6, Vitamin K2024-11-29 10:47:42
Ensure Max Protein Nutrition Shake Cafe Mocha -- 11 fl ozEnsureWeight ManagementVitamin C, Biotin, Chloride, Chromium, Vitamin E, Folate, Vitamin E, Iodine, Manganese, Molybdenum, Niacin, Pantothenic Acid, Phosphorus, Vitamin B6, Vitamin A, Riboflavin, Selenium, Thiamin, Vitamin B12, Vitamin B6, Vitamin K2024-11-29 10:47:42
Ensure Max Protein Nutrition Shake French Vanilla -- 4 ShakesEnsureWeight ManagementVitamin C, Biotin, Chloride, Choline, Chromium, Vitamin E, Folate, Vitamin E, Iodine, Manganese, Molybdenum, Niacin, Pantothenic Acid, Phosphorus, Vitamin B6, Vitamin A, Riboflavin, Selenium, Thiamin, Vitamin B12, Vitamin B6, Vitamin K2024-11-29 10:47:42
Ensure Max Protein Nutrition Shake Milk Chocolate -- 11 fl ozEnsureWeight ManagementVitamin C, Biotin, Chloride, Chromium, Vitamin E, Folate, Vitamin E, Iodine, Manganese, Molybdenum, Niacin, Pantothenic Acid, Phosphorus, Vitamin B6, Vitamin A, Riboflavin, Selenium, Thiamin, Vitamin B12, Vitamin B6, Vitamin K2024-11-29 10:47:42
Ensure Original Nutrition Shake Strawberry -- 8 fl oz Each / Pack of 6EnsureWeight ManagementVitamin C, Biotin, Chloride, Chromium, Vitamin E, Folate, Vitamin E, Iodine, Molybdenum, Niacin, Pantothenic Acid, Phosphorus, Vitamin B6, Vitamin A, Riboflavin, Selenium, Thiamin, Vitamin B12, Vitamin B6, Vitamin K2024-11-29 10:47:42
Ensure Plus Nutrition Shake Strawberry -- 6 BottlesEnsureWeight ManagementVitamin C, Biotin, Chloride, Chromium, Vitamin E, Folate, Vitamin E, Iodine, Molybdenum, Niacin, Pantothenic Acid, Phosphorus, Vitamin B6, Vitamin A, Riboflavin, Selenium, Thiamin, Vitamin B12, Vitamin B6, Vitamin K2024-11-29 10:47:42
Ensure Plus Nutrition Shake Milk Chocolate -- 6 BottlesEnsureWeight ManagementVitamin C, Biotin, Chloride, Chromium, Vitamin E, Folate, Vitamin E, Iodine, Molybdenum, Niacin, Pantothenic Acid, Phosphorus, Vitamin B6, Vitamin A, Riboflavin, Selenium, Thiamin, Vitamin B12, Vitamin B6, Vitamin K2024-11-29 10:47:42
Ensure Plus Nutrition Shake Vanilla 8oz -- 6 BottlesEnsureWeight ManagementVitamin C, Biotin, Chloride, Chromium, Vitamin E, Folate, Vitamin E, Iodine, Molybdenum, Niacin, Pantothenic Acid, Phosphorus, Vitamin B6, Vitamin A, Riboflavin, Selenium, Thiamin, Vitamin B12, Vitamin B6, Vitamin K2024-11-29 10:47:42
Ensure Original Milk Chocolate Ready-to-Drink Nutrition Shakes -- Pack of 6EnsureWeight ManagementVitamin C, Biotin, Chloride, Chromium, Vitamin E, Folate, Vitamin E, Iodine, Manganese, Molybdenum, Niacin, Pantothenic Acid, Phosphorus, Vitamin B6, Vitamin A, Riboflavin, Selenium, Thiamin, Vitamin B12, Vitamin B6, Vitamin K2024-11-29 10:47:42
Ensure Original Vanilla Ready-to-Drink Nutrition Shakes -- Pack of 6EnsureWeight ManagementVitamin C, Biotin, Chloride, Chromium, Vitamin E, Folate, Vitamin E, Iodine, Molybdenum, Niacin, Pantothenic Acid, Phosphorus, Vitamin B6, Vitamin A, Riboflavin, Selenium, Thiamin, Vitamin B12, Vitamin B6, Vitamin K2024-11-29 10:47:42
Equazen VitaSpectrum Powder Unflavored -- 5.04 ozEquazenProfessional SupplementsVitamin C, Trimethylglycine, Trimethylglycine, Biotin, Boron, Vitamin D3, Choline, Chromium, Vitamin E, Folate, Vitamin E, Inositol, Iodine, Manganese, Vitamin K2, Vitamin K2, Molybdenum, Niacin, Pantothenic Acid, Vitamin B6, vitamin A acetate, Vitamin A, Riboflavin, Selenium, Thiamin, Vanadium, Vitamin B12, Vitamin B62024-11-29 10:47:42
Evlution Nutrition BCAA Energy Fruit Punch -- 10.16 ozEvlution NutritionActive Lifestyle & FitnessL-Alanine, Vitamin C, L-Isoleucine, Vitamin B6, Taurine, L-Valine, Vitamin B12, Vitamin B62024-11-29 10:47:42
Evlution Nutrition BCAA Energy Rocket Pop -- 30 ServingsEvlution NutritionActive Lifestyle & FitnessL-Alanine, Vitamin C, Beta-Alanine, L-Isoleucine, Vitamin B6, Taurine, L-Valine, Vitamin B12, Vitamin B62024-11-29 10:47:42
Evlution Nutrition BCAA Energy + Electrolytes Grape Splash -- 30 ServingsEvlution NutritionActive Lifestyle & FitnessL-Alanine, Vitamin C, Beta-Alanine, Chloride, L-Isoleucine, Phosphorus, Vitamin B6, Taurine, L-Valine, Vitamin B12, Vitamin B62024-11-29 10:47:42
Evlution Nutrition BCAA Energy + Electrolytes Orange Mango -- 30 ServingsEvlution NutritionActive Lifestyle & FitnessL-Alanine, Vitamin C, Beta-Alanine, Chloride, L-Isoleucine, Phosphorus, Vitamin B6, Taurine, L-Valine, Vitamin B12, Vitamin B62024-11-29 10:47:42
Evlution Nutrition BCAA Energy® Blue Raz -- 30 ServingsEvlution NutritionActive Lifestyle & FitnessL-Alanine, Vitamin C, L-Isoleucine, Vitamin B6, Taurine, L-Valine, Vitamin B12, Vitamin B62024-11-29 10:47:42
Evlution Nutrition BCAA Energy® Watermelon -- 30 ServingsEvlution NutritionActive Lifestyle & FitnessL-Alanine, Vitamin C, L-Isoleucine, Vitamin B6, Taurine, L-Valine, Vitamin B12, Vitamin B62024-11-29 10:47:42
Evlution Nutrition BCAA Lean Energy Cherry Limeade -- 10.9 ozEvlution NutritionActive Lifestyle & FitnessAcetyl L-Carnitine, L-Alanine, Vitamin C, Beta-Alanine, L-Isoleucine, Vitamin B6, Taurine, L-Valine, Vitamin B12, Vitamin B62024-11-29 10:47:42
Evlution Nutrition BCAA Lean Energy Furious Grape -- 10.9 ozEvlution NutritionActive Lifestyle & FitnessAcetyl L-Carnitine, L-Alanine, Vitamin C, Beta-Alanine, L-Isoleucine, Vitamin B6, Taurine, L-Valine, Vitamin B12, Vitamin B62024-11-29 10:47:42
Evlution Nutrition ENGN Focus Pre-Workout Engine Watermelon -- 9.52 oz - 30 ServingsEvlution NutritionActive Lifestyle & FitnessBeta-Alanine, Betaine Anhydrous, Caffeine Anhydrous, Chloride, Choline, Folate, Huperzine A, N-Acetyl L-Tyrosine, Vitamin B1, Vitamin B122024-11-29 10:47:42
Evlution Nutrition ENGN Pre-Workout Engine Furious Grape -- 30 ServingsEvlution NutritionActive Lifestyle & FitnessFolic Acid, Niacin, Vitamin B6, Vitamin B12, Vitamin B62024-11-29 10:47:42
Evlution Nutrition ENGN Pump Pre-Workout Engine Cherry Limeade -- 9.52 oz - 30 ServingsEvlution NutritionActive Lifestyle & FitnessBeta-Alanine, Betaine Anhydrous, Caffeine Anhydrous, Folate, Vitamin B6, Resveratrol, Vitamin B1, Vitamin B12, Vitamin B62024-11-29 10:47:42
Evlution Nutrition ENGN Shred Pre-Workout Pink Lemonade -- 30 ServingsEvlution NutritionActive Lifestyle & FitnessBeta-Alanine, Choline, Folic Acid, Niacin, Vitamin B6, Vitamin B12, Vitamin B62024-11-29 10:47:42
Evlution Nutrition ENGN Test Pre-Workout Testosterone Fruit Punch -- 10.05 oz - 30 ServingsEvlution NutritionActive Lifestyle & FitnessBeta-Alanine, Caffeine Anhydrous, Chloride, Folate, Vitamin B6, Vitamin B1, Vitamin B12, Vitamin B62024-11-29 10:47:42
Evlution Nutrition ENGN® Shred Pre-Workout Shred Engine Blue Raz -- 30 ServingsEvlution NutritionActive Lifestyle & FitnessFolic Acid, Niacin, Vitamin B6, Vitamin B12, Vitamin B62024-11-29 10:47:42
Evlution Nutrition Hydramino Hydration Plus Amino Acids Fruit Punch -- 8.4 ozEvlution NutritionActive Lifestyle & FitnessL-Alanine, Vitamin C, Chloride, Phosphorus, Vitamin B6, L-Taurine, Vitamin B12, Vitamin B62024-11-29 10:47:42
Evlution Nutrition Hydramino Hydration Plus Amino Acids Orange Mango -- 8.4 ozEvlution NutritionActive Lifestyle & FitnessL-Alanine, Vitamin C, Chloride, Phosphorus, Vitamin B6, L-Taurine, Vitamin B12, Vitamin B62024-11-29 10:47:42
Evlution Nutrition TRANS4ORM Thermogenic Energizer -- 120 CapsulesEvlution NutritionActive Lifestyle & FitnessCholine, Folic Acid, Niacin, Vitamin B6, Vitamin B12, Vitamin B62024-11-29 10:47:42
Evlution Nutrition VitaMode -- 120 TabletsEvlution NutritionActive Lifestyle & Fitness Lipase, PABA, Vitamin C, Biotin, Boron, Choline, Chromium, Vitamin E, Folic Acid, Vitamin E, Inositol, Iodine, Lutein, Lycopene, Manganese, Molybdenum, Niacin, PABA, Pantothenic Acid, Vitamin B6, Vitamin A, Riboflavin, Selenium, Thiamin, Alpha-Lipoic Acid, Vanadium, Vitamin B12, Vitamin B6, Vitamin K, Zeaxanthin2024-11-29 10:47:42
Evolve Plant Based Protein Shake Cafe Mocha -- 11.16 fl oz Each / Pack of 4EvolveWeight ManagementVitamin B122024-11-29 10:47:42
Evolve Plant Based Protein Shake Chocolate Caramel -- 11.16 fl oz Each / Pack of 4EvolveWeight ManagementVitamin C, Vitamin E, Vitamin E, Vitamin B122024-11-29 10:47:42
Evolve Plant Based Protein Shake Classic Chocolate -- 11.16 fl ozEvolveWeight ManagementVitamin B122024-11-29 10:47:42
Fearn Lecithin Granules -- 16 ozFearnVitamins & SupplementsLinolenic Acid, Choline, Vitamin E, Folic Acid, Vitamin E, Linoleic Acid, Niacin, Fat, Phosphorus, Riboflavin, Thiamine, Vitamin B122024-11-29 10:47:42
Fitcode CodeShred -- 60 Veggie CapsulesFitcodeWeight ManagementCholine, Vitamin B3, Vitamin B6, Black Pepper, Vitamin B12, Vitamin B62024-11-29 10:47:42
Fitcode Energycode - 30 Servings Watermelon -- 9.8 ozFitcodeActive Lifestyle & FitnessBeta-Alanine, Betaine Anhydrous, Caffeine Anhydrous, Choline, Folic Acid, N-Acetyl L-Tyrosine, Niacinamide, Vitamin B6, Vitamin B1, Vitamin B12, Vitamin B62024-11-29 10:47:42
Fitcode Fit Multi Complete Multivitamin Complex -- 90 TabletsFitcodeVitamins & SupplementsVitamin C, Biotin, Chloride, Choline, Vitamin E, Folate, Vitamin E, Inositol, Lutein, Lycopene, Manganese, Niacin, Pantothenic Acid, Vitamin B6, Vitamin A, Riboflavin, Selenium, Thiamin, Vitamin B12, Vitamin B6, Zeaxanthin2024-11-29 10:47:42
Fitcode LeanPre - 30 Servings Blue Raz -- 8.5 ozFitcodeActive Lifestyle & FitnessBeta-Alanine, Betaine Anhydrous, Choline, Folic Acid, Niacin, Vitamin B6, Vitamin B1, Vitamin B12, Vitamin B62024-11-29 10:47:42
Flora Iron + Herb with B-Vitamin Complex -- 7.7 fl ozFloraVitamins & SupplementsNiacin, Vitamin B6, Riboflavin, Thiamin, Vitamin B12, Vitamin B62024-11-29 10:47:42
Flora Iron™ with B-Vitamin Complex -- 15 fl ozFloraVitamins & SupplementsNiacin, Vitamin B6, Riboflavin, Thiamin, Vitamin B12, Vitamin B62024-11-29 10:47:42
Floradix Ashwagandha Liquid -- 8.5 fl ozFloradixHerbs, Botanicals & HomeopathyVitamin C, Vitamin B122024-11-29 10:47:42
Floradix Floravital Iron & Herbs Liquid Formula -- 17 fl ozFloradixVitamins & SupplementsVitamin B6, Riboflavin, Thiamin, Vitamin B12, Vitamin B62024-11-29 10:47:42
Floradix Floravital® Iron & Herbs Yeast-Free -- 8.5 fl ozFloradixVitamins & SupplementsVitamin B6, Riboflavin, Thiamin, Vitamin B12, Vitamin B62024-11-29 10:47:42
Floradix Iron & Herbs -- 17 fl ozFloradixVitamins & SupplementsVitamin B6, Riboflavin, Thiamin, Vitamin B12, Vitamin B62024-11-29 10:47:42
Floradix Iron & Herbs -- 8.5 fl ozFloradixVitamins & SupplementsVitamin B6, Riboflavin, Thiamin, Vitamin B12, Vitamin B62024-11-29 10:47:42
Floradix Iron + Herbs - Iron and Vitamin Tablets Gluten-free Yeast-free Support Healthy Iron Levels -- 80 TabletsFloradixVitamins & SupplementsVitamin C, Folic Acid, Niacin, Vitamin B6, Riboflavin, Thiamin, Vitamin B12, Vitamin B62024-11-29 10:47:42
Floradix Iron + Herbs - Iron and Vitamin Tablets, Gluten-free Yeast-free Support Healthy Iron Levels -- 120 TabletsFloradixVitamins & SupplementsVitamin C, Folic Acid, Niacin, Vitamin B6, Riboflavin, Thiamin, Vitamin B12, Vitamin B62024-11-29 10:47:42
Floradix Iron Sport Liquid -- 8.5 fl ozFloradixVitamins & SupplementsVitamin C, L-Carnitine, Niacin, Vitamin B6, Riboflavin, Thiamin, Vitamin B12, Vitamin B62024-11-29 10:47:42
Foods Alive Organic Globe Trekker Trail Mix -- 8 ozFoods AliveFood & BeveragesVitamin C, Manganese, Niacin, Phosphorus, Vitamin A, Riboflavin, Selenium, Thiamin, Vitamin B122024-11-29 10:47:42
Foods Alive Organic Trail Mix Coo Coo Cashew -- 8 ozFoods AliveFood & BeveragesVitamin C, Pantothenic Acid, Phosphorus, Vitamin A, Riboflavin, Selenium, Vitamin B122024-11-29 10:47:42
Force Factor Amazing Ashwa - Ashwaghanda Supplement Triple Berry -- 60 Soft ChewsForce FactorActive Lifestyle & FitnessNiacin, Vitamin B6, Vitamin B12, Vitamin B62024-11-29 10:47:42
Force Factor Amazing Ashwa -- 120 TabletsForce FactorHerbs, Botanicals & HomeopathyNiacin, Phosphorus, Vitamin B6, Selenium, Vitamin B12, Vitamin B62024-11-29 10:47:42
Force Factor Better Turmeric Extra Strength Curcumin Fruit Splash -- 60 Soft ChewsForce FactorActive Lifestyle & FitnessVitamin E, Vitamin E, Niacin, Vitamin B6, Vitamin B12, Vitamin B62024-11-29 10:47:42
Force Factor Better Turmeric Tablets -- 120 TabletsForce FactorHerbs, Botanicals & HomeopathyNiacin, Vitamin B6, Selenium, Vitamin B12, Vitamin B62024-11-29 10:47:42
Force Factor Deer Antler Velvet IGF-1 -- 60 CapsulesForce FactorActive Lifestyle & FitnessBoron, Niacin, Vitamin B6, Selenium, Vitamin B12, Vitamin B62024-11-29 10:47:42
Force Factor Forebrain Focus -- 60 Vegetable CapsulesForce FactorVitamins & SupplementsLutein, Niacin, Pantothenic Acid, Vitamin B6, Thiamin, Vitamin B12, Vitamin B62024-11-29 10:47:42
Force Factor Forebrain® Advanced Memory & Recall Support -- 60 Vegetable CapsulesForce FactorActive Lifestyle & FitnessAlpha-GPC, Niacin, Pantothenic Acid, Vitamin B6, Selenium, Thiamin, Vitamin B12, Vitamin B62024-11-29 10:47:42
Force Factor Liquid Labs Immunity Rapid Hydration Electrolyte Drink Mix Fresh Citrus -- 20 Stick PacksForce FactorActive Lifestyle & FitnessVitamin C, Chloride, Niacin, Vitamin B6, Selenium, Vitamin B12, Vitamin B62024-11-29 10:47:42
Force Factor Liquid Labs Rapid Hydration Electrolyte Drink Mix Lemon Lime -- 20 Stick PacksForce FactorActive Lifestyle & FitnessVitamin C, Chloride, Niacin, Vitamin B6, Vitamin B12, Vitamin B62024-11-29 10:47:42
Force Factor ProbioSlim® Apple Cider Vinegar -- 60 GummiesForce FactorActive Lifestyle & FitnessVitamin B9, Vitamin B6, Vitamin B12, Vitamin B62024-11-29 10:47:42
Force Factor Test X180 Boost™ - Testosterone Booster -- 120 TabletsForce FactorActive Lifestyle & FitnessNiacin, Vitamin B6, Vitamin B12, Vitamin B62024-11-29 10:47:42
Force Factor Test X180 Multivitamin Daily Testosterone Booster + Male Vitality Enhancer -- 120 TabletsForce FactorActive Lifestyle & FitnessVitamin C, Biotin, Choline, Chromium, Vitamin E, Folate, Vitamin E, Iodine, Manganese, Molybdenum, Niacin, Pantothenic Acid, Phosphorus, Vitamin B6, Vitamin A, Riboflavin, Selenium, Thiamin, Vitamin B12, Vitamin B6, Vitamin K2024-11-29 10:47:42
Force Factor Total Beets Soft Chews Acai Berry -- 60 Soft ChewsForce FactorHerbs, Botanicals & HomeopathyNiacin, Vitamin B6, Vitamin B12, Vitamin B62024-11-29 10:47:42
Force Factor Total Beets Tablets -- 120 TabletsForce FactorActive Lifestyle & FitnessVitamin C, Niacin, Phosphorus, Vitamin B6, Selenium, Vitamin B12, Vitamin B62024-11-29 10:47:42
Four Sigmatic Focus Organic Mushroom Blend -- 1500 mg - 2.12 ozFour SigmaticHerbs, Botanicals & HomeopathyVitamin B122024-11-29 10:47:42
Futurebiotics EstroComfort™ -- 56 Vegetarian CapsulesFuturebioticsVitamins & SupplementsFolic Acid, Gamma Oryzanol, Gamma Oryzanol, Vitamin B6, Vitamin B12, Vitamin B62024-11-29 10:47:42
Futurebiotics Hair Skin & Nails -- 135 TabletsFuturebioticsVitamins & SupplementsVitamin C, Biotin, Vitamin D3, Choline, Vitamin E, Folate, Vitamin E, Iodine, Manganese, Niacin, Pantothenic Acid, Phosphorus, Vitamin B6, Vitamin A, Riboflavin, Selenium, Thiamin, Vitamin B12, Vitamin B62024-11-29 10:47:42
Futurebiotics Hair Skin & Nails® for Men -- 135 TabletsFuturebioticsVitamins & Supplementspara-Aminobenzoic Acid, Vitamin C, Biotin, Vitamin D3, Choline, Vitamin E, Folate, Vitamin E, Inositol, Iodine, Manganese, Niacin, Pantothenic Acid, Phosphorus, Vitamin B6, Vitamin A, Riboflavin, Selenium, Thiamin, Vitamin B12, Vitamin B62024-11-29 10:47:42
Futurebiotics Hair, Skin and Nails® -- 75 TabletsFuturebioticsVitamins & SupplementsPara Aminobenzoic Acid, Vitamin C, Betaine, Biotin, Vitamin E, Folic Acid, Vitamin E, Inositol, Iodine, Manganese, Methionine, Niacin, Pantothenic Acid, Phosphorus, Vitamin B6, Vitamin A, Riboflavin, Rutin, Selenium, Thiamin, Vitamin B12, Vitamin B62024-11-29 10:47:42
Futurebiotics Hi-Energy Multi For Men™ -- 120 TabletsFuturebioticsVitamins & SupplementsPara Aminobenzoic Acid, Vitamin C, Biotin, Chloride, Chromium, Vitamin E, Folate, Vitamin E, Inositol, Iodine, Manganese, Molybdenum, Niacin, Pantothenic Acid, Phosphorus, Vitamin B6, Vitamin A, Riboflavin, Selenium, Thiamin, Vitamin B12, Vitamin B62024-11-29 10:47:42
Futurebiotics Hi-Energy Multi For Men™ -- 60 TabletsFuturebioticsVitamins & SupplementsVitamin C, Biotin, Chloride, Chromium, Vitamin E, Folate, Vitamin E, Iodine, Manganese, Molybdenum, Niacin, Pantothenic Acid, Phosphorus, Vitamin B6, Vitamin A, Riboflavin, Selenium, Thiamin, Vitamin B12, Vitamin B62024-11-29 10:47:42
Futurebiotics M.V. Teen™ Multi-Vitamin and Mineral Formula for Teens -- 180 CapsulesFuturebioticsVitamins & SupplementsVitamin C, Biotin, Vitamin D3, Chromium, Vitamin E, Folate, Vitamin E, Iodine, Manganese, Niacin, Pantothenic Acid, Vitamin B6, Vitamin A, Riboflavin, Selenium, Thiamin, Vitamin B12, Vitamin B62024-11-29 10:47:42
Futurebiotics M.V. Teen™ Multivitamin -- 90 CapsulesFuturebioticsVitamins & SupplementsVitamin C, Biotin, Vitamin D3, Chromium, Vitamin E, Folate, Vitamin E, Iodine, Manganese, Niacin, Pantothenic Acid, Vitamin B6, Vitamin A, Riboflavin, Selenium, Thiamin, Vitamin B12, Vitamin B62024-11-29 10:47:42
Futurebiotics Multi Vitamin Energy Plus® For Women -- 60 TabletsFuturebioticsVitamins & SupplementsPara Aminobenzoic Acid, Vitamin C, Biotin, Choline, Chromium, Vitamin E, Folate, Vitamin E, Inositol, Iodine, Niacin, Pantothenic Acid, Vitamin B6, Vitamin A, Riboflavin, Selenium, Thiamin, Vitamin B12, Vitamin B62024-11-29 10:47:42
Futurebiotics Pressur-Lo® -- 270 TabletsFuturebioticsVitamins & SupplementsVitamin C, Betaine HCl, Chloride, Chromium, CoQ10, calcium carbonate, Manganese, Niacin, Pantothenic Acid, potassium chloride, Vitamin B6, Resveratrol, Vitamin A, Riboflavin, Rutin, Selenium, citrate, citrate, L-Taurine, Thiamin, Vitamin B12, Vitamin B62024-11-29 10:47:42
Futurebiotics Pressur-Lo™ -- 90 TabletsFuturebioticsVitamins & SupplementsVitamin C, Betaine HCl, Chloride, Chromium, CoQ10, calcium carbonate, Manganese, Niacin, Pantothenic Acid, potassium chloride, Vitamin B6, Vitamin A, Riboflavin, Rutin, Selenium, citrate, citrate, L-Taurine, Thiamin, Vitamin B12, Vitamin B62024-11-29 10:47:42
Futurebiotics StressAssist™ -- 60 Vegetarian CapsulesFuturebioticsVitamins & SupplementsBiotin, Folic Acid, Niacin, Pantothenic Acid, Vitamin B6, Riboflavin, Thiamin, Vitamin B12, Vitamin B62024-11-29 10:47:42
Garden of Life Mykind Organics Kids Multi Gummies Organic Cherry -- 120 Vegan GummiesGarden of LifeVitamins & SupplementsVitamin C, Biotin, Chromium, Vitamin E, Folate, Vitamin E, Manganese, Niacin, Pantothenic Acid, Vitamin B6, Vitamin A, Riboflavin, Selenium, Thiamin, Vitamin B12, Vitamin B6, Vitamin K2024-11-29 10:47:42
Garden of Life Raw Organic Meal Plant-Based Chocolate -- 38.03 ozGarden of LifeActive Lifestyle & FitnessVitamin C, Biotin, Chromium, Vitamin E, Folate, Vitamin E, Niacin, Pantothenic Acid, Vitamin B6, Vitamin A, Riboflavin, Thiamin, Vitamin B12, Vitamin B6, Vitamin K2024-11-29 10:47:42
Garden of Life Raw Organic Meal Plant-Based Vanilla -- 37.04 ozGarden of LifeActive Lifestyle & FitnessVitamin C, Biotin, Chromium, Vitamin E, Folate, Vitamin E, Niacin, Pantothenic Acid, Vitamin B6, Vitamin A, Riboflavin, Thiamin, Vitamin B12, Vitamin B6, Vitamin K2024-11-29 10:47:42
Garden of Life RAW Probiotics Women 50 and Wiser -- 85 billion - 90 Vegetarian CapsulesGarden of LifeVitamins & SupplementsChromium, Folate, Iodine, Manganese, Molybdenum, Pantothenic Acid, Vitamin B6, Riboflavin, Selenium, Thiamin, Vitamin B12, Vitamin B62024-11-29 10:47:42
Garden of Life Vitamin Code RAW B-12 -- 30 Vegetarian CapsulesGarden of LifeVitamins & SupplementsVitamin B122024-11-29 10:47:42
Garden of Life Vitamin Code RAW B-Complex -- 120 Vegan CapsulesGarden of LifeVitamins & SupplementsBiotin, Folate, Niacin, Pantothenic Acid, Vitamin B6, Riboflavin, Thiamin, Vitamin B12, Vitamin B62024-11-29 10:47:42
Garden of Life Vitamin Code RAW B-Complex -- 60 Vegan CapsulesGarden of LifeVitamins & SupplementsBiotin, Folate, Niacin, Pantothenic Acid, Vitamin B6, Riboflavin, Thiamin, Vitamin B12, Vitamin B62024-11-29 10:47:42
Garden of Life Vitamin Code Raw Iron -- 22 mg - 30 Vegan CapsulesGarden of LifeVitamins & SupplementsVitamin C, Folate, Vitamin B122024-11-29 10:47:42
Garden of Life Vitamin Code RAW One Multivitamin for Women -- 75 Vegetarian CapsulesGarden of LifeVitamins & SupplementsVitamin C, Biotin, Chromium, Vitamin E, Folate, Vitamin E, Manganese, Molybdenum, Niacin, Pantothenic Acid, Vitamin B6, Vitamin A, Riboflavin, Selenium, Thiamin, Vitamin B12, Vitamin B6, Vitamin K2024-11-29 10:47:42
Garden of Life Vitamin Code® 50 & Wiser Women Whole Food Multivitamin -- 120 Vegetarian CapsulesGarden of LifeVitamins & SupplementsVitamin C, Biotin, Boron, Vitamin D3, Chromium, CoQ10, Vitamin E, Folate, Vitamin E, Iodine, Manganese, Vitamin K2, Vitamin K2, Molybdenum, Niacin, Pantothenic Acid, Vitamin B6, Vitamin A, Riboflavin, Selenium, Thiamin, Vanadium, Vitamin B12, Vitamin B6, Vitamin K2024-11-29 10:47:42
Garden of Life Vitamin Code® 50 & Wiser Women Whole Food Multivitamin -- 240 Vegetarian CapsulesGarden of LifeVitamins & SupplementsVitamin C, Biotin, Boron, Vitamin D3, Chromium, CoQ10, Vitamin E, Folate, Vitamin E, Iodine, Manganese, Vitamin K2, Vitamin K2, Molybdenum, Niacin, Pantothenic Acid, Vitamin B6, Vitamin A, Riboflavin, Selenium, Thiamin, Vanadium, Vitamin B12, Vitamin B6, Vitamin K2024-11-29 10:47:42
Garden of Life Vitamin Code® 50 and Wiser Men -- 240 Vegetarian CapsulesGarden of LifeVitamins & SupplementsVitamin C, Biotin, Boron, Chromium, Vitamin E, Folate, Vitamin E, Iodine, Lycopene, Manganese, Vitamin K2, Vitamin K2, Molybdenum, Niacin, Pantothenic Acid, Vitamin B6, Vitamin A, Riboflavin, Selenium, Thiamin, Vanadium, Vitamin B12, Vitamin B6, Vitamin K2024-11-29 10:47:42
Garden of Life Vitamin Code® RAW One™ Multivitamin for Men -- 75 Vegetarian CapsulesGarden of LifeVitamins & SupplementsVitamin C, Biotin, Chromium, Vitamin E, Folate, Vitamin E, Manganese, Molybdenum, Niacin, Pantothenic Acid, Vitamin B6, Vitamin A, Riboflavin, Selenium, Thiamin, Vitamin B12, Vitamin B6, Vitamin K2024-11-29 10:47:42
GEM Calm Essentials Bites Banana Cinnamon -- 28 BitesGEMVitamins & SupplementsVitamin E, Folate, Vitamin E, Vitamin B122024-11-29 10:47:42
Genova Albacore Can Tuna in Olive Oil -- 5 ozGenovaFood & BeveragesVitamin C, Niacin, Vitamin B6, Vitamin A, Selenium, Vitamin B12, Vitamin B62024-11-29 10:47:42
Genova Albacore Can Tuna in Olive Oil No Salt Added -- 5 ozGenovaFood & BeveragesVitamin C, Niacin, Vitamin B6, Vitamin A, Selenium, Vitamin B12, Vitamin B62024-11-29 10:47:42
Genova Yellowfin Can Tuna in Olive Oil -- 5 ozGenovaFood & BeveragesVitamin C, Niacin, Vitamin B6, Vitamin A, Selenium, Vitamin B12, Vitamin B62024-11-29 10:47:42
Genova Yellowfin Can Tuna in Water with Sea Salt -- 5 ozGenovaFood & BeveragesVitamin C, Niacin, Vitamin B6, Vitamin A, Selenium, Sugar, Vitamin B12, Vitamin B62024-11-29 10:47:42
Gerber Cereal for Baby Supported Sitter First Foods Oatmeal -- 16 ozGerberBaby & Kids ProductsVitamin C, Vitamin E, Folate, Vitamin E, Niacin, Phosphorus, Vitamin B6, Vitamin A, Riboflavin, Thiamin, Vitamin B12, Vitamin B62024-11-29 10:47:42
Gerber Cereal for Baby Supported Sitter First Foods Rice -- 8 ozGerberBaby & Kids ProductsVitamin C, Vitamin E, Folate, Vitamin E, Niacin, Phosphorus, Vitamin B6, Vitamin A, Riboflavin, Thiamin, Vitamin B12, Vitamin B62024-11-29 10:47:42
Gerber Grain & Grow Stage 2 Puff Snack Non-GMO Blueberry -- 1.48 ozGerberBaby & Kids ProductsVitamin C, Vitamin E, Vitamin E, Niacin, Vitamin B6, Vitamin A, Riboflavin, Sugar, Thiamin, Vitamin B12, Vitamin B62024-11-29 10:47:42
Gerber Grain & Grow Stage 3 Hearty Bits MultiGrain Non-GMO Cereal Banana Apple Strawberry -- 8 ozGerberBaby & Kids ProductsVitamin C, Vitamin E, Folate, Vitamin E, Niacin, Phosphorus, Vitamin B6, Vitamin A, Riboflavin, Thiamin, Vitamin B12, Vitamin B62024-11-29 10:47:42
GimMe Organic Premium Roasted Seaweed Snacks Sea Salt -- 6 PackGimMeFood & BeveragesIodine, Vitamin B122024-11-29 10:47:42
GimMe Organic Roasted Seaweed Snack Big Sheets Avocado Oil -- 0.92 ozGimMeFood & BeveragesIodine, Vitamin B122024-11-29 10:47:42
GimMe Organic Roasted Seaweed Snack Big Sheets Sea Salt -- 0.92 ozGimMeFood & BeveragesIodine, Vitamin B122024-11-29 10:47:42
GimMe Organic Roasted Seaweed Snacks Chili Lime -- 6 PackGimMeFood & BeveragesIodine, Vitamin B122024-11-29 10:47:42
GimMe Organic Roasted Seaweed Snacks Extra Virgin Olive Oil -- 6 PackGimMeFood & BeveragesIodine, Vitamin B122024-11-29 10:47:42
GimMe Organic Roasted Seaweed Snacks Sea Salt & Avocado Oil -- 6 PackGimMeFood & BeveragesIodine, Vitamin B122024-11-29 10:47:42
GimMe Organic Roasted Seaweed Snacks Teriyaki -- 6 PackGimMeFood & BeveragesIodine, Vitamin B122024-11-29 10:47:42
GimMe Organic Sushi Nori Sheets -- 4.76 ozGimMeFood & BeveragesIodine, Vitamin B122024-11-29 10:47:42
Global Healing Vitamin B12 -- 5000 mcg - 1 fl ozGlobal HealingVitamins & SupplementsVitamin B122024-11-29 10:47:42
Glucerna Hunger Smart Shake Homemade Vanilla -- 6 BottlesGlucernaWeight ManagementVitamin C, Biotin, Chloride, Choline, Chromium, Vitamin E, Folate, Vitamin E, Glycerin, Iodine, Manganese, Molybdenum, Niacin, Pantothenic Acid, Phosphorus, Vitamin B6, Vitamin A, Riboflavin, Selenium, Thiamin, Vitamin B12, Vitamin B6, Vitamin K2024-11-29 10:47:42
Glucerna Nutritional Shake Creamy Strawberry -- 6 BottlesGlucernaWeight ManagementVitamin C, Biotin, Chloride, Chromium, Vitamin E, Folate, Vitamin E, Iodine, Molybdenum, Niacin, Pantothenic Acid, Phosphorus, Vitamin B6, Vitamin A, Riboflavin, Selenium, Thiamin, Vitamin B12, Vitamin B6, Vitamin K2024-11-29 10:47:42
Glucerna Nutritional Shake Homemade Vanilla -- 6 BottlesGlucernaWeight ManagementVitamin C, Biotin, Chloride, Chromium, Vitamin E, Folate, Vitamin E, Iodine, Molybdenum, Niacin, Pantothenic Acid, Phosphorus, Vitamin B6, Vitamin A, Riboflavin, Selenium, Thiamin, Vitamin B12, Vitamin B6, Vitamin K2024-11-29 10:47:42
Glucerna Protein Smart Shakes Chocolate -- 4 ShakesGlucernaWeight ManagementVitamin C, Biotin, Chloride, Choline, Chromium, Vitamin E, Folate, Vitamin E, Iodine, Manganese, Molybdenum, Niacin, Pantothenic Acid, Phosphorus, Vitamin B6, Vitamin A, Riboflavin, Selenium, Thiamin, Vitamin B12, Vitamin B6, Vitamin K2024-11-29 10:47:42
Glucerna Protein Smart Shakes Vanilla -- 4 ShakesGlucernaWeight ManagementVitamin C, Biotin, Chloride, Choline, Chromium, Vitamin E, Folate, Vitamin E, Iodine, Manganese, Molybdenum, Niacin, Pantothenic Acid, Phosphorus, Vitamin B6, Vitamin A, Riboflavin, Selenium, Thiamin, Vitamin B12, Vitamin B6, Vitamin K2024-11-29 10:47:42
Glucerna Shake Rich Chocolate -- 8 fl ozGlucernaWeight ManagementVitamin C, Biotin, Chloride, Chromium, Vitamin E, Folate, Vitamin E, Iodine, Manganese, Molybdenum, Niacin, Pantothenic Acid, Phosphorus, Vitamin B6, Vitamin A, Riboflavin, Selenium, Thiamin, Vitamin B12, Vitamin B6, Vitamin K2024-11-29 10:47:42
Gnarly Nutrition Hydrate - NSF Certified for Sport Orange Pineapple -- 14.1 ozGnarly NutritionActive Lifestyle & FitnessChloride, Folic Acid, Niacin, Vitamin B6, Riboflavin, Vitamin B12, Vitamin B62024-11-29 10:47:42
Gnarly Nutrition Performance Greens - NSF Certified for Sport Blueberry Acai -- 12.8 ozGnarly NutritionVitamins & SupplementsVitamin C, Biotin, Chromium, Vitamin E, Folate, Vitamin E, Iodine, Manganese, Niacin, Pantothenic Acid, Vitamin B6, Vitamin A, Riboflavin, Selenium, Thiamin, Vitamin B12, Vitamin B6, Vitamin K2024-11-29 10:47:42
Gnarly Nutrition Vegan Protein - NSF Certified for Sport Chocolate -- 36.8 ozGnarly NutritionActive Lifestyle & FitnessVitamin C, Biotin, Chromium, Vitamin E, Folic Acid, Vitamin E, Iodine, Manganese, Molybdenum, Niacin, Pantothenic Acid, Phosphorus, Vitamin B6, Vitamin A, Riboflavin, Selenium, Thiamin, Vitamin B12, Vitamin B62024-11-29 10:47:42
Gnarly Nutrition Vegan Protein - NSF Certified for Sport Vanilla -- 36.8 ozGnarly NutritionActive Lifestyle & FitnessVitamin C, Biotin, Chromium, Vitamin E, Folic Acid, Vitamin E, Iodine, Manganese, Molybdenum, Niacin, Pantothenic Acid, Phosphorus, Vitamin B6, Vitamin A, Riboflavin, Selenium, Thiamin, Vitamin B12, Vitamin B62024-11-29 10:47:42
Goli Nutrition Apple Cider Vinegar Gummies -- 60 GummiesGoli NutritionVitamins & SupplementsFolate, Vitamin B122024-11-29 10:47:42
Goli Nutrition Beets Cardio Gummies -- 60 GummiesGoli NutritionVitamins & SupplementsCoQ10, Vitamin B122024-11-29 10:47:42
Goli Nutrition Kids Complete MultiVitamin Vegan -- 80 GummiesGoli NutritionVitamins & SupplementsVitamin C, Biotin, Chromium, Vitamin E, Folate, Vitamin E, Manganese, Niacin, Pantothenic Acid, Vitamin B6, Vitamin A, Riboflavin, Selenium, Thiamin, Vitamin B12, Vitamin B6, Vitamin D2, Vitamin K12024-11-29 10:47:42
Goli Nutrition Supergreens Gummies -- 60 GummiesGoli NutritionVitamins & SupplementsFolate, Niacin, Pantothenic Acid, Vitamin B6, Vitamin A, Thiamin, Vitamin B12, Vitamin B62024-11-29 10:47:42
Good Day Chocolate Adults Energy Supplement -- 50 Candy Coated PiecesGood Day ChocolateVitamins & SupplementsBiotin, Caffeine, Folate, Niacin, Pantothenic Acid, Vitamin B6, Riboflavin, Thiamin, Vitamin B12, Vitamin B62024-11-29 10:47:42
Good Day Chocolate Kids Multivitamin -- 70 Chocolate PiecesGood Day ChocolateVitamins & SupplementsVitamin C, Biotin, Vitamin D3, Choline, Vitamin E, Folate, Vitamin E, Pantothenic Acid, Vitamin B6, Vitamin A, Riboflavin, Thiamin, Vitamin B12, Vitamin B62024-11-29 10:47:42
Green Foods Organic and Raw Wheat Grass Shots -- 10.6 ozGreen FoodsHerbs, Botanicals & HomeopathyVitamin C, Chlorophyll, Folic Acid, Iodine, Manganese, Niacin, Vitamin B6, Vitamin A, Riboflavin, Vitamin B12, Vitamin B6, Vitamin K2024-11-29 10:47:42
Green Foods Organic and Raw Wheat Grass Shots -- 5.3 ozGreen FoodsHerbs, Botanicals & HomeopathyVitamin C, Chlorophyll, Folic Acid, Iodine, Manganese, Niacin, Vitamin B6, Vitamin A, Riboflavin, Vitamin B12, Vitamin B6, Vitamin K2024-11-29 10:47:42
Green Foods Organic Chlorella -- 200 mg - 300 TabletsGreen FoodsVitamins & SupplementsVitamin C, Chlorophyll, Niacin, Vitamin A, Thiamine, Vitamin B122024-11-29 10:47:42
Green Foods Organic Chlorella -- 500 mg - 120 TabletsGreen FoodsVitamins & SupplementsVitamin C, Chlorophyll, Niacin, Vitamin A, Thiamin, Vitamin B122024-11-29 10:47:42
Green Foods Organic Chlorella Powder -- 2.1 ozGreen FoodsVitamins & SupplementsVitamin C, Chlorophyll, Vitamin B3, Vitamin A, Vitamin B1, Vitamin B122024-11-29 10:47:42
Green Foods True Vitality Plant Protein Shake with DHA Vanilla -- 25.2 ozGreen FoodsActive Lifestyle & FitnessVitamin C, Biotin, Boron, Chromium, Vitamin E, Folate, Vitamin E, Iodine, Manganese, Molybdenum, Nickel, Pantothenic Acid, Vitamin B6, Vitamin A, Riboflavin, Selenium, Silicon, Thiamin, Vanadium, Vitamin B12, Vitamin B62024-11-29 10:47:42
Greens First Boost Dutch Chocolate -- 10.5 ozGreens FirstVitamins & SupplementsVitamin C, Biotin, Chromium, Vitamin E, Folic Acid, Vitamin E, Iodine, Magnesium Phosphate, Manganese, Molybdenum, Niacin, Vitamin B5, Phosphorus, Potassium Phosphate, Vitamin B6, Vitamin A, Vitamin B2, Selenium, Vitamin B1, Vitamin B12, Vitamin B6, Vitamin D22024-11-29 10:47:42
Greens First Boost French Vanilla -- 10.5 ozGreens FirstVitamins & SupplementsVitamin C, Biotin, Chromium, Vitamin E, Folic Acid, Vitamin E, Iodine, Magnesium Phosphate, Manganese, Molybdenum, Niacin, Vitamin B5, Phosphorus, Potassium Phosphate, Vitamin B6, Vitamin A, Vitamin B2, Selenium, Vitamin B1, Vitamin B12, Vitamin B6, Vitamin D22024-11-29 10:47:42
Greens First Female - Prenatal with Vegan DHA Plus Probiotics -- 90 Vegetable CapsulesGreens FirstVitamins & SupplementsVitamin C, dextrin, Choline, Chromium, Vitamin E, Folate, Vitamin E, Iodine, Vitamin B3, potassium bicarbonate, Vitamin B6, rebaudioside A, Vitamin A, Vitamin B1, Vitamin B12, Vitamin B62024-11-29 10:47:42
Greens Plus +plusbar Protein Chocolate -- 12 BarsGreens PlusActive Lifestyle & Fitnessd-alpha tocopheryl succinate, beta-carotene, Biotin, vitamin d3, vitamin e, vitamin e, Pantothenic Acid, Vitamin B6, vitamin a, Riboflavin, Thiamin, Vitamin B12, Vitamin B62024-11-29 10:47:42
Greens Plus Dairy Free Plusbar Energy Chocolate -- 12 BarsGreens PlusFood & BeveragesD-Alpha tocopheryl succinate, beta-carotene, Biotin, vitamin D3, vitamin E, vitamin E, Pantothenic Acid, Vitamin B6, vitamin A, Riboflavin, Thiamin, Vitamin B12, Vitamin B62024-11-29 10:47:42
Greens Plus Meal Replacement PlusShake™ Raw Chocolate -- 1.5 lbsGreens PlusActive Lifestyle & FitnessVitamin C, Biotin, Chloride, Chromium, Vitamin E, Folate, Vitamin E, Iodine, Manganese, Molybdenum, Niacin, Pantothenic Acid, Phosphorus, Vitamin B6, Vitamin A, Riboflavin, Thiamin, Vitamin B12, Vitamin B6, Vitamin K2024-11-29 10:47:42
Greens Plus Organics Superfood Amazon Chocolate -- 8.46 ozGreens PlusVitamins & SupplementsVitamin C, Vitamin B7, Vitamin B9, Vitamin B3, Vitamin B5, Vitamin B6, Vitamin A, Vitamin B2, Vitamin B1, Vitamin B12, Vitamin B6, Vitamin K2024-11-29 10:47:42
Greens Plus Original Superfood -- 240 Veggie CapsulesGreens PlusVitamins & SupplementsVitamin C, Vitamin E, Folate, Vitamin E, Manganese, Niacin, Pantothenic Acid, Phosphorus, Vitamin B6, Vitamin A, Riboflavin, Thiamin, Vitamin B12, Vitamin B6, Vitamin K2024-11-29 10:47:42
Happy Baby Organic Infant Formula A2 Milk Powder 0-12 Months Stage 1 -- 22.9 ozHappy BabyBaby & Kids Productsascorbyl palmitate, Vitamin C, beta-carotene, Biotin, calcium pantothenate, Chloride, cholecalciferol, Choline, cupric sulfate, Vitamin E, ferrous sulfate, folic acid, vitamin e, Inositol, Iodine, Linoleic Acid, Manganese, Niacin, niacinamide, Fat, Pantothenic Acid, Phosphorus, potassium chloride, vitamin A palmitate, Vitamin A, Riboflavin, Selenium, sodium citrate, Vitamin B1, calcium phosphate, Vitamin B12, phytonadione, Vitamin K, zinc sulfate2024-11-29 10:47:42
Happy Baby Organic Infant Formula Powder 0-12 Months Stage 1 -- 21 ozHappy BabyBaby & Kids Productsascorbyl palmitate, dl-alpha tocopheryl acetate, Vitamin C, betacarotene, Biotin, calcium pantothenate, Chloride, cholecalciferol, Choline, cupric sulfate, Vitamin E, ferrous sulfate, folic acid, vitamin E, Inositol, Iodine, Linoleic Acid, Manganese, Niacin, niacinamide, Fat, Pantothenic Acid, Phosphorus, potassium bicarbonate, potassium chloride, potassium iodide, pyridoxine hydrochloride, Vitamin B6, vitamin A palmitate, Vitamin A, Riboflavin, Selenium, sodium citrate, sodium selenite, thiamine hydrochloride, Thiamine, calcium phosphate, Vitamin B12, Vitamin B6, phytonadione, Vitamin K, zinc sulfate2024-11-29 10:47:42
Happy Baby Organic Infant Formula Powder 6-12 Months Stage 2 -- 21 ozHappy BabyBaby & Kids Productsascorbyl palmitate, dl-alpha tocopheryl acetate, Vitamin C, betacarotene, Biotin, calcium pantothenate, Chloride, cholecalciferol, Choline, cupric sulfate, Vitamin E, ferrous sulfate, folic acid, vitamin E, Inositol, Iodine, Linoleic Acid, Manganese, Niacin, niacinamide, Fat, Pantothenic Acid, Phosphorus, potassium bicarbonate, potassium chloride, potassium iodide, pyridoxine hydrochloride, Vitamin B6, vitamin A palmitate, Vitamin A, Riboflavin, Selenium, sodium citrate, sodium selenite, thiamine hydrochloride, Thiamine, calcium phosphate, Vitamin B12, Vitamin B6, phytonadione, Vitamin K, zinc sulfate2024-11-29 10:47:42
Happy Baby Organic Superfood Puffs Crawling Baby Snack Kale & Spinach -- 2.1 ozHappy BabyBaby & Kids ProductsDL-alpha-tocopherol acetate, Vitamin C, cholecalciferol, choline, Vitamin E, ferric pyrophosphate, Folate, vitamin E, calcium carbonate, Niacin, niacinamide, vitamin B5, Phosphorus, potassium chloride, pyridoxine hydrochloride, Vitamin B6, vitamin A acetate, Vitamin A, vitamin B2, Thiamin, vitamin B1, tricalcium phosphate, cyanocobalamin, vitamin B6, zinc oxide2024-11-29 10:47:42
Happy Baby Organic Superfood Puffs Crawling Baby Snack Purple Carrot & Blueberry -- 2.1 ozHappy BabyBaby & Kids ProductsDL-alpha-tocopherol acetate, Vitamin C, cholecalciferol, choline, Vitamin E, ferric pyrophosphate, vitamin E, calcium carbonate, Niacin, niacinamide, vitamin B5, Phosphorus, potassium chloride, pyridoxine hydrochloride, Vitamin B6, vitamin A acetate, Vitamin A, vitamin B2, Thiamin, vitamin B1, tricalcium phosphate, cyanocobalamin, vitamin B6, zinc oxide2024-11-29 10:47:42
Havasu Nutrition Organic Methyl - Methylcobalamin B12 Liquid Strawberry -- 1 fl ozHavasu NutritionVitamins & SupplementsVitamin B122024-11-29 10:47:42
Havasu Nutrition Premium Multivitamin Gummies Natural Fruit -- 60 GummiesHavasu NutritionVitamins & Supplementscitric acid, Vitamin C, Biotin, citric acid, Vitamin E, Folate, Vitamin E, Iodine, Pantothenic Acid, Vitamin B6, Vitamin A, sugar, Vitamin B12, Vitamin B62024-11-29 10:47:42
HealFast Complete Recovery - Pre & Post Surgery Nutrition -- 2 PackHealFastProfessional SupplementsVitamin C, Vitamin D3, Vitamin B9, L-Glutamine, Vitamin B3, Vitamin B5, Vitamin B6, Vitamin A, Vitamin B2, Selenium, Vitamin B1, Vitamin B12, Vitamin B62024-11-29 10:47:42
HealFast Post-Surgery Nutrition -- 100 CapsulesHealFastProfessional SupplementsVitamin C, Vitamin D3, Vitamin B9, L-Glutamine, Vitamin B3, Vitamin B5, Vitamin B6, Quercetin, Vitamin A, Vitamin B2, Selenium, Vitamin B1, Vitamin B12, Vitamin B62024-11-29 10:47:42
HealFast Pre-Surgery Nutrition -- 40 CapsulesHealFastProfessional SupplementsVitamin C, Vitamin D3, Vitamin B9, L-Glutamine, Vitamin B3, Vitamin B5, Vitamin B6, Vitamin A, Vitamin B2, Selenium, Vitamin B1, Vitamin B12, Vitamin B62024-11-29 10:47:42
Healright Daily Micronutrient Bar Caramel Apple Fig -- 2.19 ozHealrightProfessional SupplementsVitamin C, Biotin, Chromium, Vitamin E, Folate, Vitamin E, L-glutamine, glycerin, maltitol, Manganese, Niacin, Pantothenic Acid, Phosphorus, Vitamin B6, Vitamin A, Riboflavin, Selenium, Thiamin, Vitamin B12, Vitamin B6, Vitamin K2024-11-29 10:47:42
Healright Daily Micronutrient Bar Chocolate Cherry Pomegranate -- 14 BarsHealrightProfessional SupplementsVitamin C, Biotin, Chromium, Vitamin E, Folate, Vitamin E, L-glutamine, glycerin, Maltitol, Manganese, Niacin, Pantothenic Acid, Phosphorus, Vitamin B6, Vitamin A, Riboflavin, Selenium, Thiamin, Vitamin B12, Vitamin B6, Vitamin K2024-11-29 10:47:42
Healright Daily Micronutrient Bar Chocolate Cherry Pomegranate -- 2.19 ozHealrightProfessional SupplementsVitamin C, Biotin, Chromium, Vitamin E, Folate, Vitamin E, L-glutamine, glycerin, Maltitol, Manganese, Niacin, Pantothenic Acid, Phosphorus, Vitamin B6, Vitamin A, Riboflavin, Selenium, Thiamin, Vitamin B12, Vitamin B6, Vitamin K2024-11-29 10:47:42
Healright Daily Micronutrient Bar Lemon Blueberry -- 2.19 ozHealrightProfessional SupplementsVitamin C, Biotin, Chromium, Vitamin E, Folate, Vitamin E, L-glutamine, glycerin, Maltitol, Manganese, Niacin, Pantothenic Acid, Phosphorus, Vitamin B6, Vitamin A, Riboflavin, Selenium, Thiamin, Vitamin B12, Vitamin B6, Vitamin K2024-11-29 10:47:42
Healright Daily Micronutrient Bar Peanut Butter Banana -- 2.19 ozHealrightProfessional SupplementsVitamin C, Biotin, Chromium, Vitamin E, Folate, Vitamin E, L-glutamine, glycerin, Maltitol, Manganese, Niacin, Pantothenic Acid, Phosphorus, Vitamin B6, Vitamin A, Riboflavin, Selenium, Thiamin, Vitamin B12, Vitamin B6, Vitamin K2024-11-29 10:47:42
Health & Her Menopause Multi-Nutrient Support -- 60 CapsulesHealth & HerVitamins & SupplementsVitamin C, Biotin, Chromium, Pantothenic Acid, Vitamin B6, Vitamin A, Riboflavin, Vitamin B12, Vitamin B62024-11-29 10:47:42
Health & Her Perimenopause Multi-Nutrient Support -- 60 CapsulesHealth & HerVitamins & SupplementsVitamin D3, Vitamin B6, Vitamin A, Vitamin B12, Vitamin B62024-11-29 10:47:42
Health Plus Blood Cleanse™ -- 753 mg - 90 CapsulesHealth PlusVitamins & SupplementsAstaxanthin, Folic Acid, Phosphorus, Vitamin A, Vitamin B122024-11-29 10:47:42
Healths Harmony Kids Vitamin Gummies Organic Strawberry Orange Lemon -- 60 GummiesHealths HarmonyVitamins & SupplementsVitamin C, Biotin, Vitamin E, Folate, Vitamin E, Iodine, Pantothenic Acid, Vitamin B6, Vitamin A, sodium citrate, Vitamin B12, Vitamin B62024-11-29 10:47:42
Healthy Origins Organic Spirulina -- 500 mg - 180 TabletsHealthy OriginsVitamins & SupplementsBeta Carotene, Chlorophyll, Gamma Linolenic Acid, Vitamin B12, Zeaxanthin2024-11-29 10:47:42
Healthy Origins Organic Spirulina -- 500 mg - 360 TabletsHealthy OriginsVitamins & SupplementsBeta Carotene, Chlorophyll, Gamma Linolenic Acid, Vitamin B12, Zeaxanthin2024-11-29 10:47:42
Healthy Origins Organic Spirulina -- 500 mg - 720 TabletsHealthy OriginsVitamins & SupplementsBeta Carotene, Chlorophyll, Gamma Linolenic Acid, Vitamin A, Vitamin B12, Zeaxanthin2024-11-29 10:47:42
Healthy Pup Multi Max for Dogs -- 120 Soft ChewsHealthy PupPet Suppliescitric acid, alpha-Linolenic Acid, Biotin, Calcium Ascorbate, dicalcium phosphate, Vitamin D3, Choline, citric acid, Cobalt, copper carbonate, Vitamin E, ferrous sulfate, folic acid, Vitamin E, glycerin, Iodine, Linoleic Acid, maltodextrin, Manganese, Niacin, Oleic Acid, d-Pantothenic Acid, Phosphorus, potassium iodide, pyridoxine hydrochloride, Pyridoxine, vitamin A palmitate, Vitamin A, Riboflavin, sorbic acid, Thiamine, Vitamin B12, Menadione, zinc sulfate2024-11-29 10:47:42
Heaven Sent Wellgenix Balanced Essentials + Plus Liquid Vitamins Berry -- 32 fl ozHeaven SentVitamins & Supplementscitric acid, Antimony, Arginine, Vitamin C, Aspartic Acid, Kelp, Barium, Beryllium, Biotin, Bismuth, Boron, Bromide, Omega 3, Cerium, Cesium, Chromium, citric acid, Cobalt, Cystine, Vitamin E, fructose, Dysprosium, Erbium, Europium, Fluoride, Folate, Gadolinium, Gallium, Vitamin E, Glycine, Gold, Hafnium, Histidine, Holmium, Inositol, Iodine, Iodine, Isoleucine, Lanthanum, Leucine, Calcium Carbonate, Lithium, Lutetium, Lysine, Manganese, Methionine, Molybdenum, Neodymium, Niacin, Nickel, Niobium, Pantothenic Acid, Phenylalanine, Phosphorus, Praseodymium, Proline, Vitamin B6, Vitamin A, Rhenium, Riboflavin, Rubidium, Samarium, Scandium, Selenium, Serine, Silicon, Silver, Strontium, Tantalum, Tellurium, Terbium, Thallium, Thiamin, Thorium, Threonine, Thulium, Tin, Titanium, Tryptophan, Tungsten, Tyrosine, Valine, Vanadium, Vitamin B12, Vitamin B6, Vitamin K, Ytterbium, Yttrium, Zirconium2024-11-29 10:47:42
Hempz Herbal Body Moisturizer with Hyaluronic Acid - Ocean Breeze -- 17 fl ozHempzBeauty & Personal Carebutylene glycol, aminomethyl propanol, orange, citric acid, ascorbic acid, benzyl benzoate, carbomer, cetyl alcohol, chlorphenesin, citral, citric acid, tocopherol, ethylhexylglycerin, tocopherol, glyceryl stearate, glycerin, dimethicone, isopropyl palmitate, nylon-12, limonene, linalool, trisodium ethylenediamine disuccinate, phenoxyethanol, propanediol, retinyl palmitate, stearic acid, cyanocobalamin2024-11-29 10:47:42
Hempz Herbal Body Moisturizer with Vitamin C - Citrus Blossom -- 17 fl ozHempzBeauty & Personal Carebutylene glycol, aminomethyl propanol, orange, citric acid, ascorbic acid, benzyl benzoate, carbomer, cetyl alcohol, chlorphenesin, citral, citric acid, tocopherol, ethylhexylglycerin, tocopherol, glyceryl stearate, glycerin, dimethicone, isopropyl palmitate, nylon-12, limonene, linalool, trisodium ethylenediamine disuccinate, phenoxyethanol, propanediol, retinyl palmitate, stearic acid, cyanocobalamin2024-11-29 10:47:42
Himalaya Ashwagandha+ Focus -- 60 Vegan CapsulesHimalayaHerbs, Botanicals & HomeopathyVitamin B122024-11-29 10:47:42
Himalaya Hello Alert Mind -- 60 Vegan CapsulesHimalayaHerbs, Botanicals & HomeopathyVitamin B6, Vitamin B12, Vitamin B62024-11-29 10:47:42
Himalaya PartySmart Electrolytes Lemon Lime -- 6 Stick PacksHimalayaActive Lifestyle & Fitnesscitric acid, Vitamin C, Chloride, citric acid, Niacin, Vitamin B6, rebaudioside-A, Sodium Citrate, Cane sugar, Thiamin, Vitamin B12, Vitamin B62024-11-29 10:47:42
Honey Stinger Energy Gel Gold -- 24 PacketsHoney StingerActive Lifestyle & Fitnesscalcium pantothenate, Niacin, niacinamide, Pantothenic Acid, potassium citrate, pyridoxine hydrochloride, Vitamin B6, Riboflavin, Thiamin, cyanocobalamin, Vitamin B62024-11-29 10:47:42
Honey Stinger Protein Bar Dark Chocolate Coconut Almond -- 15 BarsHoney StingerActive Lifestyle & Fitnessdl-alpha tocopheryl acetate, Vitamin C, Biotin, d-calcium pantothenate, dicalcium phosphate, Chloride, cholecalciferol, Chromium, copper gluconate, Vitamin E, ferric orthophosphate, Vitamin E, Iodine, maltodextrin, Manganese, Molybdenum, Niacin, niacinamide, Pantothenic Acid, Phosphorus, potassium iodide, pyridoxine hydrochloride, Vitamin B6, vitamin A palmitate, Vitamin A, Riboflavin, Selenium, Thiamin, Vitamin B12, Vitamin B6, zinc oxide2024-11-29 10:47:42
Honey Stinger Protein Bar Milk Chocolate Peanut Butta -- 15 BarsHoney StingerActive Lifestyle & Fitnessd,l-alpha tocopheryl acetate, Vitamin C, Biotin, d-calcium pantothenate, dicalcium phosphate, Chlorine, cholecalciferol, Chromium, copper gluconate, Vitamin E, Vitamin E, Iodide, maltodextrin, Manganese, Molybdenum, Niacin, niacinamide, Pantothenic Acid, Phosphorus, potassium iodide, pyridoxine hydrochloride, Vitamin B6, vitamin a palmitate, Vitamin A, Riboflavin, Selenium, Thiamin, Vitamin B12, Vitamin B6, zinc oxide2024-11-29 10:47:42
Horizon Organic DHA Omega-3 Lowfat Milk Boxes Chocolate -- 8 fl oz Each / Pack of 12HorizonFood & BeveragesPhosphorus, vitamin A palmitate, Vitamin A, Riboflavin, Vitamin B122024-11-29 10:47:42
Host Defense Mushrooms - BrainPower Stack -- 3.5 ozHost DefenseHerbs, Botanicals & HomeopathyNiacin, Vitamin B122024-11-29 10:47:42
Human Beanz Multivitamin Jelly Beans Essential Vitamins Plus Zinc Berry Blast -- 120 Jelly BeansHuman BeanzVitamins & Supplementscitric acid, Vitamin C, Biotin, Chromium, citric acid, Vitamin E, Folate, Vitamin E, Iodine, maltodextrin, Niacin, Pantothenic Acid, Vitamin B6, Vitamin A, sodium citrate, Sugar, Vitamin B12, Vitamin B6, Vitamin D22024-11-29 10:47:42
Human Beanz Vitamin B-12 Jelly Beans Energy Support Berry Blast -- 120 BeansHuman BeanzVitamins & Supplementscitric acid, citric acid, maltodextrin, sodium citrate, Sugar, Vitamin B122024-11-29 10:47:42
Hydroxycut Hardcore Ultra Shred Drink Sticks Lime Mojito -- 20 ServingsHydroxycutWeight Management Citric acid, Biotin, Choline, Citric acid, malic acid, Niacin, niacinamide, Potassium Chloride, pyridoxine hydrochloride, Vitamin B6, Sodium Citrate, Taurine, sucralose, Vitamin B12, Vitamin B62024-11-29 10:47:42
Hydroxycut Hardcore Ultra Shred Drink Sticks Tangerine Mimosa -- 20 ServingsHydroxycutWeight Management Citric acid, Biotin, Choline, Citric acid, malic acid, Niacin, niacinamide, Potassium Chloride, pyridoxine hydrochloride, Vitamin B6, Sodium Citrate, Taurine, sucralose, Vitamin B12, Vitamin B62024-11-29 10:47:42
Hydroxycut Hardcore Ultra Shred Gummies Sweet Heat -- 60 GummiesHydroxycutWeight Managementcitric acid, citric acid, Vitamin B6, sodium citrate, sugar, Vitamin B12, Vitamin B62024-11-29 10:47:42
Hydroxycut Pro Clinical Hydroxycut Drink Mix Wildberry Blast -- 21 PacketsHydroxycutActive Lifestyle & Fitness Citric acid, acesulfame-potassium, acesulfame-potassium, Caffeine Anhydrous, Chloride, Citric acid, malic acid, maltodextrin, Niacin, Potassium Chloride, Vitamin B6, Riboflavin, Thiamin, sucralose, Vitamin B12, Vitamin B62024-11-29 10:47:42
Hydroxycut Pro Clinical Hydroxycut® -- 72 Rapid Release CapsulesHydroxycutActive Lifestyle & FitnessNiacin, Vitamin B6, Riboflavin, Thiamin, titanium dioxide, Vitamin B12, Vitamin B62024-11-29 10:47:42
Hydroxycut Pro Clinical Hydroxycut® Non-Stimulant -- 72 Rapid Release CapsulesHydroxycutActive Lifestyle & FitnessNiacin, Vitamin B6, Riboflavin, Thiamin, titanium dioxide, Vitamin B12, Vitamin B62024-11-29 10:47:42
Igennus Super B-Complex – Methylated with Methylfolate & Vit C - Slow Release & Potent -- 60 TabletsIgennusVitamins & SupplementsVitamin C, Biotin, Folate, Niacin, Pantothenic Acid, Vitamin B6, Riboflavin, Thiamin, Vitamin B12, Vitamin B62024-11-29 10:47:42
Igennus Super B12-Complex - 3 Bioactive Forms Methyl-B12 Strawberry -- 1000 mcg - 180 Sublingual TabletsIgennusVitamins & SupplementsVitamin B122024-11-29 10:47:42
Innate Formulas One Daily Iron Free Multivitamin -- 90 TabletsInnateProfessional SupplementsVitamin C, Biotin, Boron, Vitamin D3, Vitamin E, Folate, Vitamin E, microcrystalline cellulose, Iodine, Manganese, Molybdenum, Niacin, Pantothenic Acid, Vitamin B6, Vitamin A, Riboflavin, Selenium, stearic acid, Thiamin, Vitamin B12, Vitamin B6, Vitamin K2024-11-29 10:47:42
Innate Response Formulas B Complex -- 180 TabletsInnateProfessional SupplementsBiotin, Folate, Microcrystalline cellulose, Niacin, Pantothenic Acid, Vitamin B6, Riboflavin, stearic acid, Thiamine, Vitamin B12, Vitamin B62024-11-29 10:47:42
Innate Response Formulas B Complex -- 90 TabletsInnateProfessional SupplementsBiotin, Folate, Microcrystalline cellulose, Niacin, Pantothenic Acid, Vitamin B6, Riboflavin, stearic acid, Thiamine, Vitamin B12, Vitamin B62024-11-29 10:47:42
Innate Response Formulas Baby & Me Multivitamin -- 120 TabletsInnateProfessional SupplementsVitamin C, Biotin, Vitamin D3, Vitamin E, Folate, Vitamin E, Microcrystalline cellulose, Iodine, Manganese, Vitamin K2, Vitamin K2, Molybdenum, Niacin, Pantothenic Acid, Vitamin B6, Vitamin A, Riboflavin, Selenium, stearic acid, Thiamin, Vitamin B12, Vitamin B6, Vitamin K2024-11-29 10:47:42
Innate Response Formulas Baby & Me Multivitamin -- 60 TabletsInnateProfessional SupplementsVitamin C, Biotin, Vitamin D3, Vitamin E, Folate, Vitamin E, Microcrystalline cellulose, Iodine, Manganese, Vitamin K2, Vitamin K2, Molybdenum, Niacin, Pantothenic Acid, Vitamin B6, Vitamin A, Riboflavin, Selenium, stearic acid, Thiamin, Vitamin B12, Vitamin B6, Vitamin K2024-11-29 10:47:42
Innate Response Formulas Iron Response -- 90 TabletsInnateProfessional SupplementsVitamin C, Folate, stearic acid, Vitamin B122024-11-29 10:47:42
Innate Response Formulas Men Over 40 One Daily Iron Free -- 60 TabletsInnateProfessional SupplementsVitamin C, Biotin, Boron, Vitamin D3, Vitamin E, Folate, Vitamin E, Iodine, Manganese, Molybdenum, Niacin, Pantothenic Acid, Vitamin B6, Vitamin A, Riboflavin, Selenium, stearic acid, Thiamin, Vitamin B12, Vitamin B62024-11-29 10:47:42
Innate Response Formulas One Daily -- 90 TabletsInnateProfessional SupplementsVitamin C, Biotin, Boron, Vitamin D3, Vitamin E, Folate, Vitamin E, Microcrystalline cellulose, Iodine, Manganese, Molybdenum, Niacin, Pantothenic Acid, Vitamin B6, Vitamin A, Riboflavin, Selenium, stearic acid, Thiamin, Vitamin B12, Vitamin B6, Vitamin K2024-11-29 10:47:42
Innate Response Formulas Women Over 40 One Daily -- 60 TabletsInnateProfessional SupplementsVitamin C, Biotin, Boron, Vitamin D3, Vitamin E, Folate, Vitamin E, microcrystalline cellulose, Iodine, Manganese, Molybdenum, Niacin, Pantothenic Acid, Vitamin B6, Vitamin A, Riboflavin, Selenium, stearic acid, Thiamin, Vitamin B12, Vitamin B6, Vitamin K2024-11-29 10:47:42
Integrative Therapeutics Active B-Complex -- 60 CapsulesIntegrative TherapeuticsProfessional Supplementsascorbyl palmitate, Biotin, cellulose, Choline, Folate, Inositol, Niacin, Pantothenic Acid, Vitamin B6, Riboflavin, Thiamin, Vitamin B12, Vitamin B62024-11-29 10:47:42
Irwin Naturals 2-In-1 Kidney & Liver Super Cleanse™ -- 60 Liquid SoftgelsIrwin NaturalsVitamins & SupplementsN-Acetyl Cysteine, annatto, Vitamin C, dextrin, glycerin, maltodextrin, Vitamin B6, Selenium, titanium dioxide, Vitamin B12, Vitamin B62024-11-29 10:47:42
Irwin Naturals Beet Root RED™ -- 60 Liquid SoftgelsIrwin NaturalsActive Lifestyle & Fitnessannatto, Vitamin C, glycerin, maltodextrin, Vitamin B6, titanium dioxide, Vitamin B12, Vitamin B62024-11-29 10:47:42
Irwin Naturals Brain Awake Max3™ + Nitric Oxide Booster -- 60 Liquid SoftgelsIrwin NaturalsActive Lifestyle & FitnessMCT, Acetyl L-Carnitine, annatto, glycerin, MCT, maltodextrin, mannitol, Vitamin B6, titanium dioxide, Vitamin B12, Vitamin B62024-11-29 10:47:42
Irwin Naturals Double-Potency Ginkgo Biloba -- 60 Liquid SoftgelsIrwin NaturalsHerbs, Botanicals & Homeopathyannatto, glycerin, titanium dioxide, Vitamin B122024-11-29 10:47:42
Irwin Naturals Fast-Release B-12 -- 60 Liquid SoftgelsIrwin NaturalsVitamins & Supplementsannatto, glycerin, Mannitol, titanium dioxide, Vitamin B122024-11-29 10:47:42
Irwin Naturals Gut-To-Brain Hunger Control -- 60 Liquid SoftgelsIrwin NaturalsVitamins & SupplementsChromium, glycerin, maltodextrin, mannitol, Vitamin B6, titanium dioxide, Vitamin B12, Vitamin B62024-11-29 10:47:42
Irwin Naturals Living Green Liquid-Gel Multi For Men Economy Size -- 120 SoftgelsIrwin NaturalsVitamins & Supplements L-5-Hydroxytryptophan, Vitamin C, Biotin, Chromium, Vitamin E, Folic Acid, Vitamin E, glycerin, L-Isoleucine, Manganese, Molybdenum, Niacin, Pantothenic Acid, L-Phenylalanine, Vitamin B6, Vitamin A, Riboflavin, Selenium, Thiamin, L-Valine, Vitamin B12, Vitamin B62024-11-29 10:47:42
Irwin Naturals Living Green Liquid-Gel Multi For Women -- 120 Liquid SoftgelsIrwin NaturalsVitamins & SupplementsVitamin C, Biotin, Chromium, Vitamin E, Folic Acid, Vitamin E, glycerin, Manganese, Molybdenum, Niacin, Pantothenic Acid, Vitamin B6, Vitamin A, Riboflavin, Selenium, Thiamin, titanium dioxide, Vitamin B12, Vitamin B62024-11-29 10:47:42
Irwin Naturals Living Green Liquid-Gel Multi™ For Men -- 90 Liquid SoftgelsIrwin NaturalsVitamins & Supplements L-5-Hydroxytryptophan, Vitamin C, Biotin, dicalcium phosphate, Chromium, Vitamin E, Folate, Vitamin E, L-Isoleucine, Manganese, Molybdenum, Niacin, Pantothenic Acid, L-Phenylalanine, Vitamin B6, Vitamin A, Riboflavin, Selenium, Thiamin, titanium dioxide, L-Valine, Vitamin B12, Vitamin B62024-11-29 10:47:42
Irwin Naturals Nitric Oxide PWR Blood-Flow Booster -- 60 Liquid SoftgelsIrwin NaturalsVitamins & Supplementsannatto, Vitamin C, glycerin, maltodextrin, mannitol, Vitamin B6, titanium dioxide, Vitamin B12, Vitamin B62024-11-29 10:47:42
Irwin Naturals Triple-Boost Caffeine Free Energy -- 75 Liquid Gel CapsulesIrwin NaturalsVitamins & SupplementsTrimethylglycine, Trimethylglycine, Biotin, canthaxanthin, Chromium, Creatine, glycerin, L-Carnitine, Niacin, Pantothenic Acid, Vitamin B6, Riboflavin, Thiamine, Vitamin B12, Vitamin B62024-11-29 10:47:42
Irwin Naturals Triple-Tea Fat Burner -- 75 Liquid SoftgelsIrwin NaturalsWeight ManagementVitamin C, Vitamin E, Folic Acid, Vitamin E, Niacin, Vitamin B6, Vitamin B12, Vitamin B62024-11-29 10:47:42
Jarrow Formulas B-Right Complex -- 100 Veggie CapsulesJarrow FormulasVitamins & SupplementsBiotin, Choline, microcrystalline cellulose, Inositol, Niacin, Pantethine, Pantothenic Acid, Vitamin B6, Riboflavin, Thiamin, calcium phosphate, Vitamin B12, Vitamin B62024-11-29 10:47:42
Jarrow Formulas Methyl B-12 - Extra Strength -- 1000 mcg - 100 Chewable TabletsJarrow FormulasVitamins & Supplementsmicrocrystalline cellulose, stearic acid, Vitamin B12, Xylitol2024-11-29 10:47:42
Jarrow Formulas Methyl B-12 - Maximum Strength -- 5000 mcg - 60 Chewable TabletsJarrow FormulasVitamins & Supplementscitric acid, citric acid, microcrystalline cellulose, stearic acid, Vitamin B12, Xylitol2024-11-29 10:47:42
Jarrow Formulas Methyl B-12 & Methyl Folate -- 100 Chewable TabletsJarrow FormulasVitamins & Supplementscitric acid, citric acid, microcrystalline cellulose, Vitamin B6, stearic acid, Vitamin B12, Vitamin B6, Xylitol2024-11-29 10:47:42
Jarrow Formulas Methyl B-12 & Methyl Folate -- 60 Chewable TabletsJarrow FormulasVitamins & Supplementscitric acid, citric acid, microcrystalline cellulose, Vitamin B6, rebaudioside A, stearic acid, Vitamin B12, Vitamin B6, Xylitol2024-11-29 10:47:42
Jarrow Formulas Methyl B-12 Regular Strength - Vegan Cherry -- 500 mcg - 100 Chewable TabletsJarrow FormulasVitamins & Supplementscitric acid, citric acid, microcrystalline cellulose, stearic acid, Vitamin B12, Xylitol2024-11-29 10:47:42
Jigsaw Health Activated B with SRT® -- 120 TabletsJigsaw HealthVitamins & SupplementsPABA, Biotin, Choline, Folate, Microcrystalline cellulose, Inositol, Niacin, PABA, Pantothenic Acid, Vitamin B6, Riboflavin, Thiamin, Vitamin B12, Vitamin B62024-11-29 10:47:42
Jigsaw Health Electrolyte Supreme Berry-Licious -- 60 ServingsJigsaw HealthActive Lifestyle & Fitnesscitric acid, Vitamin C, Biotin, Vitamin D3, Chromium, citric acid, Erythritol, Iodine, Manganese, potassium bicarbonate, potassium chloride, potassium Iodide, Vitamin B6, Reb-A, Selenium, Vitamin B12, Vitamin B62024-11-29 10:47:42
Jigsaw Health Electrolyte Supreme Jar Berry-Licious -- 60 ServingsJigsaw HealthActive Lifestyle & Fitnesscitric acid, Vitamin C, Biotin, Vitamin D3, Chromium, citric acid, Erythritol, Iodine, Manganese, potassium bicarbonate, potassium chloride, potassium Iodide, Vitamin B6, Reb-A, Selenium, Vitamin B12, Vitamin B62024-11-29 10:47:42
Jigsaw Health Electrolyte Supreme Jar Fruit Punch -- 60 ServingsJigsaw HealthActive Lifestyle & FitnessCitric acid, Vitamin C, Biotin, Chloride, Chromium, Citric acid, Iodine, malic acid, Manganese, potassium bicarbonate, potassium chloride, Vitamin B6, Selenium, sodium bicarbonate, Vitamin B12, Vitamin B62024-11-29 10:47:42
Jigsaw Health Electrolyte Supreme Jar Lemon Lime -- 60 ServingsJigsaw HealthActive Lifestyle & Fitnesscitric acid, Vitamin C, Biotin, Vitamin D3, Chromium, citric acid, Erythritol, Iodine, malic acid, Manganese, potassium bicarbonate, potassium chloride, potassium Iodide, Vitamin B6, Selenium, Vitamin B12, Vitamin B62024-11-29 10:47:42
Jigsaw Health Electrolyte Supreme™ Bag Fruit Punch -- 60 ServingsJigsaw HealthActive Lifestyle & Fitnesscitric acid, Vitamin C, Biotin, Chloride, Chromium, citric acid, Erythritol, Iodine, Manganese, potassium bicarbonate, potassium chloride, potassium iodide, Vitamin B6, Selenium, sodium bicarbonate, Vitamin B12, Vitamin B62024-11-29 10:47:42
Jigsaw Health Magnesium with SRT® -- 240 TabletsJigsaw HealthVitamins & SupplementsFolate, Microcrystalline cellulose, Malic Acid, Vitamin B6, Vitamin B12, Vitamin B62024-11-29 10:47:42
Jigsaw Health MagSRT® Magnesium Supplement -- 120 TabletsJigsaw HealthVitamins & SupplementsFolate, Microcrystalline cellulose, Malic Acid, Vitamin B6, Vitamin B12, Vitamin B62024-11-29 10:47:42
Juice Performer Vegan Beet Juice with B12 -- 8.4 fl ozJuice PerformerFood & Beveragescitric acid, Vitamin C, citric acid, Vitamin B122024-11-29 10:47:42
Juven Therapeutic Nutrition Drink Powder Mix Fruit Punch -- 30 PacketsJuvenProfessional Supplementscitric acid, acesulfame potassium, acesulfame potassium, dl-alpha-tocopheryl acetate, Vitamin C, citric acid, Vitamin E, Vitamin E, L-Glutamine, sugar, sucralose, Vitamin B12, zinc sulfate2024-11-29 10:47:42
Juven Therapeutic Nutrition Drink Powder Mix Orange -- 30 PacketsJuvenProfessional Supplementscitric acid, acesulfame potassium, acesulfame potassium, dl-alpha-tocopheryl acetate, Vitamin C, citric acid, Vitamin E, Vitamin E, L-Glutamine, sugar, sucralose, Vitamin B12, zinc sulfate2024-11-29 10:47:42
Juven Therapeutic Nutrition Drink Powder Mix Unflavored -- 30 PacketsJuvenProfessional Supplementscitric acid, dl-alpha-tocopheryl acetate, Vitamin C, citric acid, Vitamin E, Vitamin E, L-Glutamine, Vitamin B12, zinc sulfate2024-11-29 10:47:42
Kabrita Goat Milk Toddler Formula 12-24 Months -- 14 ozKabritaBaby & Kids Productsvitamin E acetate, Vitamin C, Biotin, tri calcium citrate, calcium pantothenate, dicalcium phosphate, vitamin D3, choline chloride, copper sulfate, Vitamin E, ferrous sulfate, folic acid, Vitamin E, inositol, Iodine, Lactose, L-carnitine, calcium carbonate, Niacin, niacinamide, Pantothenic Acid, Phosphorus, vitamin B6 hydrochloride, Vitamin B6, retinyl acetate, Vitamin A, Riboflavin, sodium selenite, taurine, thiamine hydrochloride, Thiamin, tri calcium phosphate, Vitamin B12, Vitamin B6, vitamin K1, zinc sulfate2024-11-29 10:47:42
Kaged Mindset + Caffeine Nootropic Powder - Informed Sport Certified Orange Mango -- 4.13 ozKagedVitamins & Supplements Citric acid, Antimony, Vitamin C, Barium, beta-carotene, Boron, Caffeine, Chromium, Citric acid, Cobalt, Iodine, Lanthanum, Lithium, malic acid, Manganese, Molybdenum, Niacin, L-Phenylalanine, Phosphorus, Platinum, Vitamin B6, Rubidium, Silicon, Silver, Sulfur, sucralose, Vanadium, Vitamin B12, Vitamin B6, Zirconium2024-11-29 10:47:42
Kaged Mindset Nootropic Powder Orange Mango -- 3.97 ozKagedVitamins & Supplements Citric acid, Antimony, Vitamin C, Barium, beta-carotene, Boron, Chromium, Citric acid, Cobalt, Iodine, Lanthanum, Lithium, malic acid, Manganese, Molybdenum, Neodymium, Niacin, L-Phenylalanine, Phosphorus, Platinum, Vitamin B6, Rubidium, Silicon, Silver, Sulfur, sucralose, Vanadium, Vitamin B12, Vitamin B6, Zirconium2024-11-29 10:47:42
Kaged Plant Based Whole Food Multivitamin -- 60 Veggie CapsKagedActive Lifestyle & FitnessVitamin C, kelp, Biotin, Chromium, Vitamin E, Folate, Vitamin E, Iodine, Manganese, Molybdenum, Niacin, Pantothenic Acid, Vitamin B6, Vitamin A, Riboflavin, Selenium, Thiamin, Vitamin B12, Vitamin B6, Vitamin K2024-11-29 10:47:42
Kaged Pre-Kaged Pre-Workout - Informed Sport Certified Orange Crush -- 20 ServingsKagedActive Lifestyle & Fitnesscitric acid, citric acid, L-Isoleucine, Malic acid, N-Acetyl L-Tyrosine, Niacin, Vitamin B6, tartaric acid, Taurine, L-Valine, Vitamin B12, Vitamin B62024-11-29 10:47:42
Kaged Pre-Kaged Pre-Workout - Informed Sport Certified Berry Blast -- 20 ServingsKagedActive Lifestyle & Fitnesscitric acid, citric acid, L-Isoleucine, Malic acid, N-Acetyl L-Tyrosine, Niacin, Vitamin B6, tartaric acid, Taurine, L-Valine, Vitamin B12, Vitamin B62024-11-29 10:47:42
Kaged Pre-Kaged Pre-Workout - Informed Sport Certified Krisp Apple -- 20 ServingsKagedActive Lifestyle & Fitnesscitric acid, citric acid, L-Isoleucine, Malic acid, N-Acetyl-L-Tyrosine, Niacin, Vitamin B6, quercetin, stevia, Taurine, sucralose, L-Valine, Vitamin B12, Vitamin B62024-11-29 10:47:42
Kaged Pre-Kaged Sport Pre-Workout - Informed Sport Certified Mango Lime -- 20 ServingsKagedActive Lifestyle & Fitness Citric acid, Beta-Alanine, Betaine Anhydrous, Caffeine, Citric acid, malic acid, Vitamin B6, tartaric acid, Taurine, sucralose, Vitamin B12, Vitamin B62024-11-29 10:47:42
Kaged Pre-Kaged Sport Pre-Workout - Informed Sport Certified Blue Raspberry -- 20 ServingsKagedActive Lifestyle & Fitness Citric acid, Beta-Alanine, Betaine Anhydrous, Caffeine, Citric acid, malic acid, Vitamin B6, tartaric acid, Taurine, sucralose, Vitamin B12, Vitamin B62024-11-29 10:47:42
Kaged Pre-Kaged Sport Pre-Workout - Informed Sport Certified Fruit Punch -- 20 ServingsKagedActive Lifestyle & Fitness Citric acid, Beta-Alanine, Betaine Anhydrous, Caffeine, Citric acid, malic acid, Vitamin B6, tartaric acid, Taurine, sucralose, Vitamin B12, Vitamin B62024-11-29 10:47:42
Kaged Pre-Kaged Stim-Free Pre-Workout - Informed Sport Certified Cherry Bomb -- 20 ServingsKagedActive Lifestyle & Fitnesscitric acid, citric acid, L-Isoleucine, Malic acid, N-Acetyl-L-Tyrosine, Niacin, Vitamin B6, Taurine, sucralose, L-Valine, Vitamin B12, Vitamin B62024-11-29 10:47:42
Kaged Pre-Kaged Stim-Free Pre-Workout - Informed Sport Certified Fruit Punch -- 20 ServingsKagedActive Lifestyle & Fitness Citric acid, Citric acid, L-Isoleucine, N-Acetyl-L-Tyrosine, Niacin, Vitamin B6, tartaric acid, Taurine, sucralose, L-Valine, Vitamin B12, Vitamin B62024-11-29 10:47:42
KAL B-12 -- 1000 mcg - 100 TabletsKALVitamins & Supplements Cellulose, stearic acid, Vitamin B122024-11-29 10:47:42
KAL B-12 Adenosylcobalamin ActivMelt™ Strawberry -- 1000 mcg - 90 MicroTabletsKALVitamins & Supplementscitric acid, cellulose, citric acid, sodium bicarbonate, Vitamin B122024-11-29 10:47:42
KAL B-12 Methylcobalamin Red Raspberry -- 1000 mcg - 90 TabletsKALVitamins & Supplementscitric acid, cellulose, citric acid, sodium bicarbonate, sorbitol, Vitamin B122024-11-29 10:47:42
KAL B-6 B-12 Folic Acid Dropins™ Natural Mixed Berry -- 2 fl ozKALVitamins & SupplementsFolate, Vitamin B6, stevia, Vitamin B12, Vitamin B6, xylitol2024-11-29 10:47:42
KAL B-6 B-12 Methyl Folate ActivMelt™ Mixed Berry -- 60 MicroTabletsKALVitamins & Supplementscitric acid, cellulose, citric acid, Folate, Vitamin B6, stevia, sodium bicarbonate, sorbitol, Vitamin B12, Vitamin B62024-11-29 10:47:42
Kal GABA L-Thenine Stress B Lozenge Natural Mango Tangerine -- 100 LozengesKALVitamins & SupplementsVitamin C, cellulose, fructose, Folate, GABA, Inositol, Niacin, Pantothenic Acid, Vitamin B6, stearic acid, Thiamine, Cyanocobalamin, Vitamin B6, Xylitol2024-11-29 10:47:42
KAL Imported Nutritional Yeast Flakes -- 14.8 ozKALFood & BeveragesBiotin, Phosphorus, Vitamin B6, Riboflavin, Thiamine, Vitamin B12, Vitamin B62024-11-29 10:47:42
KAL Nutritional Yeast Flakes -- 12 ozKALFood & BeveragesAlanine, Arginine, Aspartic Acid, Biotin, Cystine, Folate, Glutamic Acid, Glycine, Histidine, Isoleucine, Leucine, Lysine, Manganese, Methionine, Molybdenum, niacin, Pantothenic Acid, Phenylalanine, Phosphorus, Proline, pyridoxine HCI, Vitamin B6, Riboflavin, Selenium, Serine, Thiamin, Threonine, Tryptophan, Tyrosine, Valine, Vitamin B12, Vitamin B62024-11-29 10:47:42
KAL Stress B-Complex -- 100 TabletsKALVitamins & SupplementsPABA, Vitamin C, Biotin, Cellulose, Choline, Folate, Inositol, Niacin, PABA, Pantothenic Acid, Vitamin B6, Riboflavin, stearic acid, Thiamin, Vitamin B12, Vitamin B62024-11-29 10:47:42
KAL Trace Minerals -- 30 TabletsKALVitamins & SupplementsBoron, Cellulose, Chromium, Iodine, Manganese, Molybdenum, Selenium, stearic acid, Vanadium, Vitamin B-122024-11-29 10:47:42
Keto Wise Meal Replacement Shake Gold Chocolate Fudge Brownie -- 16.1 ozKeto WiseWeight ManagementVitamin C, Biotin, calcium pantothenate, cholecalciferol, Chromium, copper gluconate, Erythritol, Folate, calcium carbonate, Manganese, Niacin, niacinamide, Pantothenic Acid, pyridoxine HCL, Vitamin B6, vitamin A palmitate, Vitamin A, Riboflavin, Selenium, selenium methionine, thiamine HCL, Thiamin, cyanocobalamin, Vitamin B62024-11-29 10:47:42
Keto Wise Meal Replacement Shake Gold Creamy Peanut Butter -- 16.1 ozKeto WiseWeight ManagementVitamin C, Biotin, calcium pantothenate, cholecalciferol, Chromium, copper gluconate, Erythritol, Folate, calcium carbonate, Manganese, Niacin, niacinamide, Pantothenic Acid, pyridoxine HCL, Vitamin B6, vitamin A palmitate, Vitamin A, Riboflavin, Selenium, selenium methionine, thiamine HCL, Thiamin, cyanocobalamin, Vitamin B62024-11-29 10:47:42
Keto Wise Meal Replacement Shake Gold French Vanilla -- 16.1 ozKeto WiseWeight ManagementVitamin C, Biotin, calcium pantothenate, cholecalciferol, Chromium, copper gluconate, Erythritol, Folate, calcium carbonate, Manganese, Niacin, niacinamide, Pantothenic Acid, pyridoxine HCL, Vitamin B6, vitamin A palmitate, Vitamin A, Riboflavin, Selenium, selenium methionine, thiamine HCL, Thiamin, cyanocobalamin, Vitamin B62024-11-29 10:47:42
Klean Athlete B-Complex - NSF Certified for Sport -- 60 Vegetarian CapsulesKlean AthleteProfessional SupplementsBiotin, Choline, Folate, microcrystalline cellulose, Inositol, Niacin, Pantothenic Acid, Vitamin B6, Riboflavin, Thiamin, Vitamin B12, Vitamin B62024-11-29 10:47:42
Klean Athlete Gummy Multivitamin - NSF Certified for Sport Raspberry Lemonade -- 100 GummiesKlean AthleteProfessional Supplementscitric acid, Vitamin C, Biotin, Vitamin D3, Choline, Chromium, citric acid, Vitamin E, Folate, Vitamin E, Iodine, Niacin, Pantothenic Acid, Vitamin B6, Vitamin A, Riboflavin, sodium citrate, cane sugar, Thiamin, Vitamin B12, Vitamin B6, Vitamin K12024-11-29 10:47:42
Klean Athlete Klean Multivitamin - NSF Certified for Sport -- 60 TabletsKlean AthleteProfessional SupplementsL-methylfolate, Vitamin C, Astaxanthin, Biotin, Cellulose, Vitamin D3, Choline, Chromium, leaf, Vitamin E, Folate, Vitamin E, glycerin, Inositol, Iodine, Lutein, Lycopene, Molybdenum, Pantothenic Acid, Pterostilbene, Vitamin B6, Vitamin A, Riboflavin, Selenium, stearic acid, Thiamine, titanium dioxide, Vitamin B12, Vitamin B6, Zeaxanthin2024-11-29 10:47:42
Kori Mind & Body Omega-3 -- 600 mg - 60 SoftgelsKoriVitamins & Supplementsannatto, Astaxanthin, Choline, glycerin, sorbitol, Vitamin B12, Zeaxanthin2024-11-29 10:47:42
KOS Organic Plant Protein Powder Chocolate -- 20.6 ozKOSWeight Managementlipase, cellulase, Chromium, Vitamin E, Folate, Vitamin E, Iodine, Manganese, Molybdenum, Niacin, Riboflavin, Selenium, Vitamin B12, Vitamin K2024-11-29 10:47:42
KOS Organic Plant Protein Powder Chocolate Peanut Butter -- 20.56 ozKOSWeight Managementlipase, Chromium, Vitamin E, Folate, Vitamin E, Iodine, Manganese, Molybdenum, Niacin, Riboflavin, Selenium, Vitamin B12, Vitamin K2024-11-29 10:47:42
KOS Organic Plant Protein Powder Vanilla -- 19.6 ozKOSWeight Managementlipase, cellulase, Chromium, Vitamin E, Folate, Vitamin E, Iodine, Manganese, Molybdenum, Niacin, Riboflavin, Selenium, Vitamin B12, Vitamin K2024-11-29 10:47:42
KOS Organic Plant Protein with Blue Spirulina & Immunity Blueberry Muffin -- 20.6 ozKOSWeight Managementlipase, Chromium, Vitamin E, Folate, Vitamin E, Iodine, Manganese, Molybdenum, Niacin, Riboflavin, Selenium, Vitamin B12, Vitamin K2024-11-29 10:47:42
KOS Organic Superfood Greens for Detox Digestion & Immunity Apple -- 9.38 ozKOSVitamins & SupplementsVitamin C, Vitamin B6, Vitamin B12, Vitamin B62024-11-29 10:47:42
KOS Organic Superfood Greens Powder Mix for Detox-Digestion-Immunity - 28 Servings Berry -- 9.38 ozKOSHerbs, Botanicals & HomeopathyVitamin C, Vitamin B6, Vitamin B12, Vitamin B62024-11-29 10:47:42
KOS Organic Superfood Greens Powder Mix for Detox-Digestion-Immunity - 28 Servings Mango -- 9.38 ozKOSHerbs, Botanicals & HomeopathyVitamin C, Vitamin B6, Vitamin B12, Vitamin B62024-11-29 10:47:42
KOS Organic Superfood Plant Protein Powder Chocolate -- 28 ServingsKOSWeight Managementcellulase, Chromium, Vitamin E, Folate, Vitamin E, Iodine, Manganese, Molybdenum, Niacin, niacinamide, potassium iodide, Riboflavin, Selenium, DL-alpha tocopherol, cyanocobalamin, zinc oxide2024-11-29 10:47:42
KOS Organic Superfood Plant Protein Powder Vanilla -- 28 ServingsKOSWeight Managementcellulase, Chromium, Vitamin E, Folate, Vitamin E, Iodine, Manganese, Molybdenum, Niacin, niacinamide, potassium iodide, Riboflavin, Selenium, DL-alpha tocopherol, cyanocobalamin, zinc oxide2024-11-29 10:47:42
KOS Organic Superfood Plant Protein Powder - 15 Servings Strawberries & Cream -- 20.1 ozKOSWeight Managementcellulase, Chromium, Vitamin E, Folate, Vitamin E, Iodine, Manganese, Molybdenum, Niacin, niacinamide, potassium iodide, Riboflavin, Selenium, DL-alpha tocopherol, cyanocobalamin, zinc oxide2024-11-29 10:47:42
KOS Organic Superfood Plant Protein Powder - 28 Servings Chocolate Peanut Butter -- 38.5 ozKOSWeight Managementcellulase, Chromium, Vitamin E, Folate, Vitamin E, Iodine, Manganese, Molybdenum, Niacin, niacinamide, potassium iodide, Riboflavin, Selenium, DL-alpha tocopherol, cyanocobalamin, zinc oxide2024-11-29 10:47:42
KOS Organic Superfood Plant Protein Powder - 28 Servings Salted Caramel Coffee -- 36.54 ozKOSWeight Managementlipase, cellulase, Chromium, Vitamin E, Folate, Vitamin E, Iodine, Manganese, Molybdenum, Niacin, niacinamide, potassium iodide, Riboflavin, Selenium, DL-alpha tocopherol, Vitamin B12, phylloquinone, zinc oxide2024-11-29 10:47:42
KOS Organic Superfood Plant Protein Powder - 28 Servings Strawberries & Cream -- 37.5 ozKOSWeight Managementcellulase, Chromium, Vitamin E, Folate, Vitamin E, Iodine, Manganese, Molybdenum, Niacin, niacinamide, potassium iodide, Riboflavin, Selenium, DL-alpha tocopherol, cyanocobalamin, zinc oxide2024-11-29 10:47:42
KOS Organic Superfood Plant Protein Powder - 28 Servings Unflavored -- 33.6 ozKOSWeight Managementcellulase, Chromium, Vitamin E, Folate, Vitamin E, Iodine, Manganese, Molybdenum, Niacin, niacinamide, potassium iodide, Riboflavin, Selenium, DL-alpha tocopherol, cyanocobalamin, zinc oxide2024-11-29 10:47:42
Kyolic Aged Garlic Extract Stress and Fatigue Relief Formula 101 -- 300 CapsulesKyolicHerbs, Botanicals & HomeopathyGABA, Microcrystalline cellulose, Vitamin B6, Thiamine, Vitamin B12, Vitamin B62024-11-29 10:47:42
Kyolic Aged Garlic Extract™ Stress and Fatigue Relief Formula 101 -- 200 CapsulesKyolicHerbs, Botanicals & HomeopathyCellulose, GABA, Vitamin B6, Vitamin B1, Vitamin B12, Vitamin B62024-11-29 10:47:42
Kyolic Aged Garlic Extract™ Total Heart Health Formula 108 -- 100 CapsulesKyolicHerbs, Botanicals & Homeopathycellulose, Folate, Vitamin B6, Vitamin B12, Vitamin B62024-11-29 10:47:42
Lean1 Nutrition 53 Fat Burning Meal Replacement Chocolate -- 2 lbsLean1Weight ManagementD-alpha-tocopherol acetate, Vitamin C, Biotin, D-calcium pantothenate, Chloride, vitamin D3, Chromium, copper gluconate, Vitamin E, beta glucans, ferrous fumarate, Folate, Vitamin E, L-glutamine, Iodine, Manganese, Molybdenum, Niacin, niacinamide, Pantothenic Acid, Phosphorus, phytosterols, potassium chloride, potassium iodide, pyridoxine hydrochloride, Vitamin B6, vitamin A palmitate, Vitamin A, Riboflavin, Selenium, sodium molybdate, sodium selenate, taurine, thiamine hydrochloride, Thiamin, alpha lipoic acid, calcium phosphate, cyanocobalamin, Vitamin B6, phytonadione, Vitamin K, zinc oxide2024-11-29 10:47:42
Lean1 Nutrition 53 Fat Burning Meal Replacement Vanilla -- 1.72 lbsLean1Weight ManagementLipase, Vitamin C, Biotin, Chloride, Chromium, Vitamin E, Folate, Vitamin E, L-Glutamine, Iodine, Maltodextrin, Manganese, Molybdenum, Niacin, Pantothenic Acid, Phosphorus, Potassium Chloride, Vitamin B6, Vitamin A, Riboflavin, Selenium, Taurine, Thiamin, Sucralose, Vitamin B12, Vitamin B6, Vitamin K2024-11-29 10:47:42
Lean1 Nutrition 53 Original Fat Burning Protein Shake Chocolate Peanut Butter -- 2 lbsLean1Weight Managementlipase, DL-alpha tocopheryl acetate, Vitamin C, Biotin, D-calcium pantothenate, dicalcium phosphate, cholecalciferol, Chromium, copper gluconate, Vitamin E, ferrous fumarate, Folate, Vitamin E, glutamine, Iodine, calcium carbonate, maltodextrin, Manganese, Molybdenum, Niacin, Pantothenic Acid, potassium chloride, potassium iodide, pyridoxine hydrochloride, Vitamin B6, vitamin A palmitate, Vitamin A, Riboflavin, Selenium, sodium molybdate, sodium selenate, cane sugar, taurine, Thiamin, sucralose, cyanocobalamin, Vitamin B6, phytonadione, Vitamin K, zinc oxide2024-11-29 10:47:42
Lean1 Nutrition 53 Plant-Based Fat Burning Protein Shake Vanilla -- 1.7 lbsLean1Weight ManagementBiotin, d-calcium pantothenate, dicalcium phosphate, Chromium, copper gluconate, ferrous fumarate, Folate, Iodine, maltodextrin, Manganese, Molybdenum, Niacin, niacinamide, Pantothenic Acid, potassium chloride, potassium iodide, pyridoxine hydrochloride, Vitamin B6, vitamin A palmitate, Vitamin A, Riboflavin, Selenium, sodium bicarbonate, sodium molybdate, sodium selenate, cane sugar, thiamine hydrochloride, Thiamin, titanium dioxide, sucralose, cyanocobalamin, Vitamin B6, zinc oxide2024-11-29 10:47:42
Lean1 Plant-Based Fat Burning Protein Shake Powder Chocolate -- 31.7 ozLean1Weight ManagementBiotin, d-calcium pantothenate, dicalcium phosphate, Chromium, copper gluconate, ferrous fumarate, Folate, Iodine, maltodextrin, Manganese, Molybdenum, Niacin, niacinamide, Pantothenic Acid, potassium chloride, potassium iodide, pyridoxine hydrochloride, Vitamin B6, vitamin A palmitate, Vitamin A, Riboflavin, Selenium, sodium bicarbonate, sodium molybdate, sodium selenate, cane sugar, taurine, thiamine hydrochloride, Thiamin, titanium dioxide, sucralose, cyanocobalamin, Vitamin B6, zinc oxide2024-11-29 10:47:42
Life Extension BioActive Complete B-Complex -- 60 Vegetarian CapsulesLife ExtensionVitamins & SupplementsPABA, Biotin, D-calcium pantothenate, dicalcium phosphate, calcium sulfate, Folate, Inositol, Niacin, PABA, Pantothenic Acid, Vitamin B6, Riboflavin, stearic acid, Thiamine, Vitamin B12, Vitamin B62024-11-29 10:47:42
Life Extension Folate & Vitamin B12 -- 90 Vegetarian CapsulesLife ExtensionVitamins & Supplementsdicalcium phosphate, Folate, Microcrystalline cellulose, Vitamin B122024-11-29 10:47:42
Life Extension Two-Per-Day Capsules -- 120 CapsulesLife ExtensionVitamins & SupplementsD-alpha tocopheryl succinate, Apigenin, Vitamin C, Biotin, Boron, dicalcium phosphate, Vitamin D3, Vitamin E, riboflavin 5'-phosphate, Folate, Vitamin E, gluconate, Inositol, Iodine, maltodextrin, Manganese, Molybdenum, Niacin, niacinamide, Pantothenic Acid, pyridoxal 5'-phosphate, pyridoxine HCl, Vitamin B6, Vitamin A, Riboflavin, Thiamine, Alpha-Lipoic Acid, beta, Vitamin B12, Vitamin B62024-11-29 10:47:42
Life Extension Two-Per-Day Tablets -- 120 TabletsLife ExtensionVitamins & SupplementsD-alpha tocopheryl succinate, Apigenin, Vitamin C, Biotin, Boron, dicalcium phosphate, Vitamin D3, Vitamin E, riboflavin 5'-phosphate, Folate, Vitamin E, gluconate, glycerin, Microcrystalline cellulose, Inositol, Iodine, maltodextrin, Manganese, Molybdenum, Niacin, niacinamide, Pantothenic Acid, pyridoxal 5'-phosphate, pyridoxine HCI, Vitamin B6, Vitamin A, Riboflavin, stearic acid, Thiamine, Alpha-Lipoic Acid, beta, Vitamin B12, Vitamin B62024-11-29 10:47:42
Lifetime All One Rice Base Multiple Vitamin & Mineral Powder Unflavored -- 2.2 lbsLifetimeVitamins & SupplementsPara Aminobenzoic Acid, Vitamin C, Kelp, Beta Carotene, Betaine HCl, Biotin, Calcium Pantothenate, Dicalcium Phosphate, Choline, Chromium, Vitamin E, Folate, Vitamin E, Inositol, Iodine, Calcium Carbonate, Manganese, Molybdenum, Niacin, Pantothenic Acid, Phosphorus, Potassium Iodide, Vitamin B6, Retinol Acetate, Vitamin A, Riboflavin, Selenium, Thiamine, Vitamin B12, Vitamin B6, Vitamin D2, Vitamin K2024-11-29 10:47:42
Lifetime Multiple Vitamin & Mineral Powder Unflavored -- 2.2 lbsLifetimeVitamins & SupplementsPara Aminobenzoic Acid, Vitamin C, Kelp, Biotin, Calcium Pantothenate, Dicalcium Phosphate, Choline, Chromium, Vitamin E, Folate, Vitamin E, Inositol, Iodine, Calcium Carbonate, Manganese, Molybdenum, Niacin, Pantothenic Acid, Phosphorus, Vitamin B6, Vitamin A, Riboflavin, Selenium, Vitamin B1, Vitamin B12, Vitamin B6, Vitamin D2, Vitamin K2024-11-29 10:47:42
Lily of the Desert Drink Mix EcoSport Hydration Blueberry Acai -- 24 Stick PacksLily of the DesertActive Lifestyle & Fitness Citric acid, Vitamin C, Biotin, Boron, Chromium, Citric acid, Vitamin E, Folic Acid, Vitamin E, Lutein, Lycopene, Manganese, Molybdenum, Niacin, Pantothenic Acid, Phosphorus, Vitamin B6, Vitamin A, Riboflavin, Selenium, Thiamine, Vitamin B12, Vitamin B6, Vitamin K, Zeaxanthin2024-11-29 10:47:42
Lily of the Desert Drink Mix EcoSport Hydration Lemon Lime -- 24 Stick PacksLily of the DesertActive Lifestyle & Fitness Citric acid, Vitamin C, Biotin, Boron, Chromium, Citric acid, Vitamin E, Folic Acid, Vitamin E, Lutein, Lycopene, Manganese, Molybdenum, Niacin, Pantothenic Acid, Phosphorus, Vitamin B6, Vitamin A, Riboflavin, Selenium, Thiamine, Vitamin B12, Vitamin B6, Vitamin K, Zeaxanthin2024-11-29 10:47:42
Lily of the Desert Drink Mix EcoSport Hydration Watermelon -- 24 Stick PacksLily of the DesertActive Lifestyle & Fitness Citric acid, Vitamin C, Biotin, Boron, Chromium, Citric acid, Vitamin E, Folic Acid, Vitamin E, Lutein, Lycopene, Manganese, Molybdenum, Niacin, Pantothenic Acid, Phosphorus, Vitamin B6, Vitamin A, Riboflavin, Selenium, Thiamine, Vitamin B12, Vitamin B6, Vitamin K, Zeaxanthin2024-11-29 10:47:42
Lily of the Desert EcoDrink Nutrient Support Caffeine Free Blueberry Pomegranate -- 24 Stick PacksLily of the DesertActive Lifestyle & Fitness Citric acid, Vitamin C, Biotin, Boron, Chromium, Citric acid, Vitamin E, Folic Acid, Vitamin E, Lutein, Lycopene, Manganese, Molybdenum, Niacin, Pantothenic Acid, Phosphorus, Vitamin B6, Vitamin A, Riboflavin, Selenium, Thiamine, Vitamin B12, Vitamin B6, Vitamin K, Zeaxanthin2024-11-29 10:47:42
Lily of the Desert EcoDrink Nutrient Support Caffeine Free Fruit Punch -- 24 Stick PacksLily of the DesertActive Lifestyle & Fitness Citric acid, Vitamin C, Biotin, Boron, Chromium, Citric acid, Vitamin E, Folic Acid, Vitamin E, Lutein, Lycopene, Manganese, Molybdenum, Niacin, Pantothenic Acid, Phosphorus, Vitamin B6, Vitamin A, Riboflavin, Selenium, Thiamine, Vitamin B12, Vitamin B6, Vitamin K, Zeaxanthin2024-11-29 10:47:42
Lily of the Desert EcoDrink Nutrient Support Caffeine Free Peach Mango -- 24 Stick PacksLily of the DesertActive Lifestyle & Fitness Citric acid, Vitamin C, Biotin, Boron, Chromium, Citric acid, Vitamin E, Folic Acid, Vitamin E, Lutein, Lycopene, Manganese, Molybdenum, Niacin, Pantothenic Acid, Phosphorus, Vitamin B6, Vitamin A, Riboflavin, Selenium, Thiamine, Vitamin B12, Vitamin B6, Vitamin K, Zeaxanthin2024-11-29 10:47:42
Lily of the Desert EcoDrink Nutrient Support Caffeine Free Strawberry Lemomade -- 24 Stick PacksLily of the DesertActive Lifestyle & Fitness Citric acid, Vitamin C, Biotin, Boron, Chromium, Citric acid, Vitamin E, Folic Acid, Vitamin E, Lutein, Lycopene, Manganese, Molybdenum, Niacin, Pantothenic Acid, Phosphorus, Vitamin B6, Vitamin A, Riboflavin, Selenium, Thiamine, Vitamin B12, Vitamin B6, Vitamin K, Zeaxanthin2024-11-29 10:47:42
Liquid Health B-Complex Mega Energy Passion Orange -- 32 fl ozLiquid HealthVitamins & Supplementscitric acid, Biotin, Choline, citric acid, Folate, Vitamin B3, Vitamin B5, pyridoxal-5 phosphate, pyridoxine hydrochloride, Vitamin B6, Vitamin B2, Vitamin B1, Vitamin B12, Vitamin B62024-11-29 10:47:42
Liquid Health Complete Multiple Natural Berry -- 32 fl ozLiquid HealthVitamins & Supplementscitric acid, Vitamin C, Biotin, Boron, d-calcium pantothenate, Choline, Chromium, citric acid, Vitamin E, erythritol, Riboflavin 5 phosphate, Folate, Vitamin E, malic acid, Manganese, Molybdenum, Niacin Vitamin B3, Pantothenic Acid, allulose, pyridoxal 5 phosphate, Vitamin B6, Vitamin A, Vitamin B12, Vitamin B62024-11-29 10:47:42
Liquid Health Vitamin B-12 Methylcobalamin -- 59 mLLiquid HealthVitamins & Supplementscitric acid, citric acid, Vitamin B122024-11-29 10:47:42
Liquid I.V. Hydration Multiplier Lemon Lime -- 10 Stick PacksLiquid I.V.Active Lifestyle & FitnessVitamin C, Niacin, Pantothenic Acid, Vitamin B6, Vitamin B12, Vitamin B62024-11-29 10:47:42
Liquid I.V. Hydration Multiplier Stick Packs Lemon Lime -- 3.39 ozLiquid I.V.Active Lifestyle & Fitnesscitric acid, Vitamin C, citric acid, Niacin, Pantothenic Acid, potassium citrate, Vitamin B6, sodium citrate, Vitamin B12, Vitamin B62024-11-29 10:47:42
Liquid I.V. Hydration Multiplier Stick Packs Passion Fruit -- 6 PacketsLiquid I.V.Active Lifestyle & Fitnesscitric acid, Vitamin C, citric acid, Niacin, Pantothenic Acid, potassium citrate, Vitamin B6, sodium citrate, Vitamin B12, Vitamin B62024-11-29 10:47:42
Liquid I.V. Hydration Multiplier Stick Packs Strawberry -- 3.39 ozLiquid I.V.Active Lifestyle & Fitnesscitric acid, Vitamin C, citric acid, Niacin, Pantothenic Acid, potassium citrate, Vitamin B6, sodium citrate, Vitamin B12, Vitamin B62024-11-29 10:47:42
Liquid I.V. Hydration Multiplier Stick Packs Watermelon -- 6 Stick PacksLiquid I.V.Active Lifestyle & Fitnesscitric acid, Vitamin C, citric acid, Niacin, Pantothenic Acid, potassium citrate, Vitamin B6, sodium citrate, Vitamin B12, Vitamin B62024-11-29 10:47:42
Liquid I.V. Hydration Multiplier with Immune Support Stick Packs Tangerine -- 3.39 ozLiquid I.V.Active Lifestyle & Fitnesscitric acid, Vitamin C, citric acid, Niacin, Pantothenic Acid, potassium citrate, Vitamin B6, sodium citrate, Vitamin B12, Vitamin B62024-11-29 10:47:42
Little DaVinci Kids Focus Brain Health Tasty Orange -- 90 Chewable TabletsLittle DaVinciProfessional SupplementsBetaine Anhydrous, N,N-Dimethylglycine, Folate, microcrystalline cellulose, Vitamin B6, Sorbitol, stearic acid, Vitamin B12, Vitamin B62024-11-29 10:47:42
Little DaVinci Kids Mightiest Vite Multivitamin Powder Fruit Punch -- 30 ServingsLittle DaVinciProfessional Supplementscitric acid, Vitamin C, Vitamin D3, citric acid, Vitamin E, Folate, Vitamin E, Niacinamide, Pantothenic Acid, Vitamin B6, Vitamin A, Riboflavin, Thiamin, Vitamin B12, Vitamin B62024-11-29 10:47:42
LivOn Laboratories Lypo-Spheric™ B-Complex plus -- 30 PacketsLivOn LaboratoriesVitamins & SupplementsBenfotiamine, Biotin, Boron, Chromium, Folate, Niacin, Pantothenic Acid, Vitamin B6, Riboflavin, Selenium, Vanadium, Vitamin B12, Vitamin B62024-11-29 10:47:42
Luna Gluten Free Whole Nutrition Bars Blueberry Bliss -- 15 BarsLunaFood & BeveragesVitamin C, Vitamin E, Folate, Vitamin E, Niacin, Phosphorus, Vitamin B6, Vitamin A, Riboflavin, Thiamin, Vitamin B12, Vitamin B62024-11-29 10:47:42
Luna Gluten Free Whole Nutrition Bars Chocolate Cupcake -- 15 BarsLunaFood & BeveragesVitamin C, Vitamin E, Folate, Vitamin E, Niacin, Phosphorus, Vitamin B6, Vitamin A, Riboflavin, Thiamin, Vitamin B12, Vitamin B62024-11-29 10:47:42
Luna Gluten Free Whole Nutrition Bars Chocolate Peppermint Stick -- 15 BarsLunaFood & BeveragesVitamin C, Vitamin E, Folate, Vitamin E, Niacin, Phosphorus, Vitamin B6, Vitamin A, Riboflavin, Thiamin, Vitamin B12, Vitamin B62024-11-29 10:47:42
Luna Gluten Free Whole Nutrition Bars LemonZest -- 15 BarsLunaFood & BeveragesVitamin C, Vitamin E, Folate, Vitamin E, Niacin, Phosphorus, Vitamin B6, Vitamin A, Riboflavin, Thiamin, Vitamin B12, Vitamin B62024-11-29 10:47:42
Macro Life Naturals Macro Greens Superfood -- 10 ozMacro Life NaturalsVitamins & SupplementsLipase, Policosanol, Vitamin C, Cellulase, Vitamin E, Vitamin E, Stevia, Vitamin A, Rutin, Vitamin B122024-11-29 10:47:42
Macro Life Naturals Miracle Reds Berry -- 10 ozMacro Life NaturalsVitamins & SupplementsVitamin C, Vitamin A, Vitamin B122024-11-29 10:47:42
Macro Life Naturals Miracle Reds Superfood Berry -- 30 ozMacro Life NaturalsVitamins & SupplementsVitamin C, Vitamin B122024-11-29 10:47:42
Maine Coast Sea Vegetables Organic Kelp Wild Atlantic Kombu -- 2 ozMaine Coast Sea VegetablesFood & BeveragesChromium, Iodine, Phosphorus, Vitamin B6, Riboflavin, Vitamin B12, Vitamin B62024-11-29 10:47:42
Mason Natural Advanced Ear Health Formula -- 100 CapletsMason NaturalVitamins & SupplementsVitamin C, Choline, microcrystalline cellulose, Inositol, Vitamin B3, Pantothenic Acid, Vitamin B6, Vitamin B2, stearic acid, tartrazine, Vitamin B1, titanium dioxide, glyceryl triacetate, Vitamin B12, Vitamin B62024-11-29 10:47:42
Mason Natural B-12 -- 250 mcg - 100 TabletsMason NaturalVitamins & Supplements Microcrystalline cellulose, stearic acid, Vitamin B122024-11-29 10:47:42
Mason Natural Daily Multiple Vitamins With Iron -- 365 TabletsMason NaturalVitamins & SupplementsPABA, Vitamin C, Vitamin E, Folate, Vitamin E, Microcrystalline cellulose, Vitamin B3, PABA, Pantothenic Acid, Vitamin B6, Vitamin A, Vitamin B2, stearic acid, Vitamin B1, titanium dioxide, Vitamin B12, Vitamin B6, Vitamin D22024-11-29 10:47:42
Mason Natural Folic Acid B-6 & B-12 -- 90 TabletsMason NaturalVitamins & SupplementsFolate, Microcrystalline cellulose, calcium carbonate, Vitamin B6, stearic acid, Vitamin B12, Vitamin B62024-11-29 10:47:42
Mason Natural Mini Multi Vitamins -- 365 Mini TabletsMason NaturalVitamins & SupplementsVitamin C, Vitamin D3, Vitamin E, Vitamin E, Microcrystalline cellulose, Pantothenic Acid, Vitamin B6, Vitamin B2, Thiamin, Vitamin B12, Vitamin B62024-11-29 10:47:42
Mason Natural Prenatal Multivitamin with DHA & Zinc Banana Orange -- 60 GummiesMason NaturalVitamins & Supplementscitrus pectin, citric acid, Vitamin C, beta carotene, Vitamin D3, citric acid, Vitamin E, Folate, Vitamin E, Niacin, Vitamin B6, Vitamin A, sodium citrate, Vitamin B12, Vitamin B62024-11-29 10:47:42
Mason Natural Stress B-Complex with Antioxidants + Zinc -- 60 TabletsMason NaturalVitamins & SupplementsVitamin C, Biotin, Vitamin E, Folate, Vitamin E, Microcrystalline cellulose, Niacin, Pantothenic Acid, Vitamin B6, Vitamin B2, stearic acid, Vitamin B1, titanium dioxide, glyceryl triacetate, Vitamin B12, Vitamin B62024-11-29 10:47:42
MegaFood Baby & Me 2 Prenatal Multivitamin with Folate and Choline -- 120 TabletsMegaFoodVitamins & SupplementsVitamin C, Biotin, Vitamin D3, Choline, Vitamin E, Folate, Vitamin E, Microcrystalline cellulose, Iodine, Manganese, Vitamin K2, Vitamin K2, Molybdenum, Niacin, Pantothenic Acid, Vitamin B6, Vitamin A, Riboflavin, Selenium, stearic acid, Thiamin, Vitamin B12, Vitamin B6, Vitamin K2024-11-29 10:47:42
MegaFood Balanced B Complex with Vitamin B12, Vitamin B6 and Folate -- 60 TabletsMegaFoodVitamins & SupplementsBiotin, Folate, Microcrystalline cellulose, Niacin, Pantothenic Acid, Vitamin B6, Riboflavin, stearic acid, Thiamin, Vitamin B12, Vitamin B62024-11-29 10:47:42
MegaFood Balanced B Complex with Vitamin B12, Vitamin B6 and Folate -- 90 TabletsMegaFoodVitamins & SupplementsBiotin, Folate, Microcrystalline cellulose, Niacin, Pantothenic Acid, Vitamin B6, Riboflavin, stearic acid, Thiamin, Vitamin B12, Vitamin B62024-11-29 10:47:42
MegaFood Blood Builder Iron Supplement Minis with Vitamin C -- 60 TabletsMegaFoodVitamins & SupplementsVitamin C, Folate, stearic acid, Vitamin B122024-11-29 10:47:42
MegaFood Blood Builder Iron Supplement with Vitamin C -- 180 TabletsMegaFoodVitamins & SupplementsVitamin C, Folate, stearic acid, Vitamin B122024-11-29 10:47:42
MegaFood Blood Builder Iron Supplement with Vitamin C -- 30 TabletsMegaFoodVitamins & SupplementsVitamin C, Folate, stearic acid, Vitamin B122024-11-29 10:47:42
MegaFood Blood Builder Iron Supplement with Vitamin C -- 60 TabletsMegaFoodVitamins & SupplementsVitamin C, Folate, stearic acid, Vitamin B122024-11-29 10:47:42
MegaFood Kids B Complex Vitamins -- 30 Mini TabletsMegaFoodVitamins & SupplementsBiotin, Folate, microcrystalline cellulose, Inositol, Niacin, Pantothenic Acid, Vitamin B6, Riboflavin, stearic acid, Thiamin, Vitamin B12, Vitamin B62024-11-29 10:47:42
MegaFood Kids Multivitamin Brain & Immune Support Berrylicious -- 60 GummiesMegaFoodVitamins & Supplementscitric acid, Vitamin C, Biotin, Vitamin D3, Choline, Chromium, citric acid, Vitamin E, Folate, Vitamin E, Iodine, Molybdenum, Niacin, Pantothenic Acid, Vitamin B6, Vitamin A, Riboflavin, Selenium, sodium citrate, Thiamin, Vitamin B12, Vitamin B6, Vitamin K2024-11-29 10:47:42
MegaFood Kids One Daily Multivitamin Grape -- 30 Soft ChewsMegaFoodVitamins & Supplementscitric acid, Vitamin C, Biotin, Vitamin D3, Chromium, citric acid, Vitamin E, Folate, Vitamin E, glycerin, malic acid, Molybdenum, Niacin, Pantothenic Acid, Vitamin B6, Vitamin A, Vitamin B12, Vitamin B62024-11-29 10:47:42
MegaFood Kids One Daily Multivitamin Bone Health Immune Support -- 60 Mini TabletsMegaFoodVitamins & SupplementsVitamin C, Biotin, Boron, Vitamin D3, Vitamin E, Folate, Vitamin E, microcrystalline cellulose, Iodine, Manganese, Molybdenum, Niacin, Pantothenic Acid, Vitamin B6, Vitamin A, Riboflavin, Selenium, Stearic acid, Thiamin, Vitamin B12, Vitamin B6, Vitamin K2024-11-29 10:47:42
MegaFood Methyl B12 Vitamins -- 90 TabletsMegaFoodVitamins & SupplementsFolate, Microcrystalline cellulose, Vitamin B6, stearic acid, Vitamin B12, Vitamin B62024-11-29 10:47:42
MegaFood Multivitamin for Men - Gummy Vitamins Wild Blueberry -- 60 GummiesMegaFoodVitamins & Supplementscitric acid, Vitamin C, Biotin, Vitamin D3, Chromium, citric acid, Vitamin E, Folate, Vitamin E, Iodine, Lycopene, Molybdenum, Niacin, Pantothenic Acid, Vitamin B6, Vitamin A, Riboflavin, Selenium, Thiamin, Vitamin B12, Vitamin B6, Vitamin K2024-11-29 10:47:42
MegaFood Multivitamin for Women - Gummy Vitamins Tangerine -- 60 GummiesMegaFoodVitamins & Supplementscitric acid, Vitamin C, Biotin, Boron, Vitamin D3, Choline, Chromium, citric acid, Vitamin E, Folate, Vitamin E, Iodine, Molybdenum, Niacin, Vitamin B6, Vitamin A, Vitamin B2, Selenium, sodium citrate, Vitamin B1, Vitamin B12, Vitamin B6, Vitamin K2024-11-29 10:47:42
MegaFood Vegan B12 with Vitamin B6 and Folate as Folic Acid -- 30 TabletsMegaFoodVitamins & SupplementsFolate, microcrystalline cellulose, Vitamin B6, stearic acid, Vitamin B12, Vitamin B62024-11-29 10:47:42
MegaFood Vitamin B12 Energy Gummies Cranberry -- 70 GummiesMegaFoodVitamins & Supplementscitric acid, citric acid, sodium citrate, Vitamin B122024-11-29 10:47:42
MegaFood Vitamin B12 Energy Gummies Ginger -- 70 GummiesMegaFoodVitamins & Supplementscitric acid, citric acid, sodium citrate, Vitamin B122024-11-29 10:47:42
MegaFood Women Over 55+ One Daily Multivitamin -- 120 TabletsMegaFoodVitamins & SupplementsVitamin C, Biotin, Vitamin D3, Vitamin E, Folate, Vitamin E, Microcrystalline cellulose, Iodine, Manganese, Molybdenum, Niacin, Pantothenic Acid, Vitamin B6, Vitamin A, Riboflavin, Selenium, stearic acid, Thiamin, Vitamin B12, Vitamin B6, Vitamin K2024-11-29 10:47:42
MegaFood Women Over 55+ One Daily Multivitamin -- 60 TabletsMegaFoodVitamins & SupplementsVitamin C, Biotin, Vitamin D3, Vitamin E, Folate, Vitamin E, Microcrystalline cellulose, Iodine, Manganese, Molybdenum, Niacin, Pantothenic Acid, Vitamin B6, Vitamin A, Riboflavin, Selenium, stearic acid, Thiamin, Vitamin B12, Vitamin B6, Vitamin K2024-11-29 10:47:42
MegaFood Women Over 55+ One Daily Multivitamin -- 90 TabletsMegaFoodVitamins & SupplementsVitamin C, Biotin, Vitamin D3, Vitamin E, Folate, Vitamin E, Microcrystalline cellulose, Iodine, Manganese, Molybdenum, Niacin, Pantothenic Acid, Vitamin B6, Vitamin A, Riboflavin, Selenium, stearic acid, Thiamin, Vitamin B12, Vitamin B6, Vitamin K2024-11-29 10:47:42
MenoLabs MenoFit® Menopause Probiotic for Healthy Weight -- 60 CapsulesMenoLabsVitamins & SupplementsL-5-methyltetrahydrofolate, Vitamin C, Benfotiamine, Vitamin D3, Folate, Vitamin K2, Vitamin K2, Vitamin B6, Riboflavin, Vitamin B12, Vitamin B62024-11-29 10:47:42
MenoLabs Menoglow Menopause Probiotic for Signs of Aging -- 60 CapsulesMenoLabsVitamins & SupplementsVitamin C, Benfotiamine, Vitamin D3, Folate, Vitamin K2, Vitamin K2, Vitamin B6, Riboflavin, Vitamin B12, Vitamin B62024-11-29 10:47:42
Mightylicious Cookies Vegan Gluten Free Chocolate Chip -- 6.5 ozMightyliciousFood & Beveragesbaking soda, cane sugar, vanilla, vitamin B12, vitamin D22024-11-29 10:47:42
Mightylicious Cookies Vegan Gluten Free Oatmeal Coconut -- 6.5 ozMightyliciousFood & Beveragesbaking soda, cane sugar, vanilla, vitamin B12, vitamin D22024-11-29 10:47:42
Milkadamia Macadamia Milk Original -- 32 fl ozMilkadamiaFood & BeveragesVitamin C, vitamin A palmitate, Vitamin A, cane sugar, calcium phosphate, Vitamin B12, vitamin D22024-11-29 10:47:42
Milkadamia Macadamia Milk Unsweetened -- 32 fl ozMilkadamiaFood & BeveragesVitamin C, vitamin A palmitate, Vitamin A, calcium phosphate, Vitamin B12, vitamin D22024-11-29 10:47:42
Momentous Brain Drive - NSF Certified for Sport - Informed Sport Certified - 30 Servings -- 60 CapsulesMomentousProfessional SupplementsFolate, Niacin, Vitamin B6, Vitamin B12, Vitamin B62024-11-29 10:47:42
Momentous Essential Multivitamin - NSF Certified for Sport - 30 Servings -- 120 Vegetarian CapsulesMomentousProfessional SupplementsVitamin C, Benfotiamine, Biotin, Boron, Chromium, Folate, microcrystalline cellulose, Lycopene, Manganese, MK-7, MK-9, Molybdenum, Niacin, Pantethine, Pantothenic Acid, Vitamin B6, Quercetin, Trans-Resveratrol, Vitamin A, Riboflavin, Selenium, Thiamin, Vanadium, Vitamin B12, Vitamin B6, Vitamin K2024-11-29 10:47:42
MRM B-12 Methylcobalamin -- 2000 mcg - 60 LozengesMRMVitamins & SupplementsFolic Acid, orange flavor, maltodextrin, sorbitol, Sucrose, Vitamin B122024-11-29 10:47:42
MRM Driven Pre-Workout Boost Mixed Berries -- 12.3 ozMRMActive Lifestyle & Fitnesscitric acid, Vitamin C, Betaine Anhydrous, Acetyl L-Carnitine Hydrochloride, citric acid, N-Acetyl Tyrosine, N-Acetyl Tyrosine, Niacin, Pantothenic Acid, Vitamin B6, Taurine, Trehalose, Vitamin B12, Vitamin B62024-11-29 10:47:42
MRM Driven Pre-Workout Boost Strawberry Kiwi -- 12.3 ozMRMActive Lifestyle & Fitnesscitric acid, Vitamin C, Chloride, citric acid, Vitamin B3, Vitamin B5, Vitamin B6, Sugar, Vitamin B12, Vitamin B62024-11-29 10:47:42
MRM Hydration + Electrolyte Boost Blueberry Acai -- 4.76 ozMRMActive Lifestyle & FitnessVitamin C, Vitamin D3, Niacin, Pantothenic Acid, Vitamin B6, Cane sugar, Vitamin B12, Vitamin B62024-11-29 10:47:42
MRM Hydration + Electrolyte Boost Orange Mango -- 4.76 ozMRMActive Lifestyle & FitnessVitamin C, Vitamin D3, Niacin, Pantothenic Acid, Vitamin B6, Cane sugar, Vitamin B12, Vitamin B62024-11-29 10:47:42
MRM Liver X™ -- 60 Vegan CapsulesMRMVitamins & SupplementsBetaine Anhydrous, Vitamin E, Vitamin E, Alpha-Lipoic Acid, Vitamin B122024-11-29 10:47:42
Mt Angel Vitamins B-12 Essential Trio Drops -- 2 fl ozMt Angel VitaminsProfessional Supplementscitric acid, citric acid, Folinate, Vitamin B6, Vitamin B12, Vitamin B62024-11-29 10:47:42
MuscleTech Burn iQ Smart Thermo - 50 servings Mango Chili Lime -- 7.58 ozMuscleTechActive Lifestyle & Fitness Citric acid, acesulfame-potassium, acesulfame-potassium, beta-carotene, Citric acid, Huperzine A, Vitamin B6, Taurine, sucralose, Vitamin B12, Vitamin B62024-11-29 10:47:42
MuscleTech Burn iQ Smart Thermo - 50 servings Sweet Heat -- 7.58 ozMuscleTechActive Lifestyle & Fitnesscitric acid, citric acid, Huperzine A, Malic acid, Vitamin B6, Taurine, sucralose, Vitamin B12, Vitamin B62024-11-29 10:47:42
MuscleTech Cell-Tech Creatine Formula Fruit Punch -- 3 lbsMuscleTechActive Lifestyle & Fitnessacesulfame-potassium, acesulfame-potassium, L-Alanine, amaranth, Vitamin C, L-Isoleucine, Vitamin B6, Sugar, Taurine, Alpha lipoic acid, sucralose, L-Valine, Vitamin B12, Vitamin B62024-11-29 10:47:42
MuscleTech EuphoriQ Pre-Workout - 20 Servings Boogieman Punch -- 12.06 ozMuscleTechActive Lifestyle & Fitness Citric acid, acesulfame-potassium, acesulfame-potassium, Beta-alanine, Betaine anhydrous, Choline, Citric acid, Huperzine A, malic acid, Vitamin B6, Taurine, sucralose, Vitamin B12, Vitamin B62024-11-29 10:47:42
MuscleTech EuphoriQ Pre-Workout - 20 Servings Icy Snow Cone -- 11.99 ozMuscleTechActive Lifestyle & Fitness Citric acid, Beta-alanine, beta-carotene, Betaine anhydrous, Choline, Citric acid, Huperzine A, malic acid, Vitamin B6, rebaudioside A, Taurine, sucralose, Vitamin B12, Vitamin B62024-11-29 10:47:42
MuscleTech EuphoriQ Pre-Workout - 20 Servings Watermelon Candy -- 12.06 ozMuscleTechActive Lifestyle & Fitness Citric acid, acesulfame-potassium, acesulfame-potassium, Beta-alanine, Betaine anhydrous, Choline, Citric acid, Huperzine A, malic acid, Vitamin B6, Taurine, sucralose, Vitamin B12, Vitamin B62024-11-29 10:47:42
MuscleTech EuphoriQ Pre-Workout - 20 Servings Yuzu Lemonade -- 11.99 ozMuscleTechActive Lifestyle & Fitness Citric acid, acesulfame-potassium, acesulfame-potassium, Beta-alanine, beta-carotene, Betaine anhydrous, Choline, Citric acid, Huperzine A, malic acid, Vitamin B6, Taurine, sucralose, Vitamin B12, Vitamin B62024-11-29 10:47:42
Natrol Complete Balance® for Menopause AM - PM -- 60 CapsulesNatrolVitamins & SupplementsFolic Acid, maltodextrin, Vitamin B6, Riboflavin, Thiamin, Vitamin B12, Vitamin B62024-11-29 10:47:42
Natrol Daily Stress Relief -- 30 TabletsNatrolVitamins & Supplements5-HTP, glycerin, microcrystalline cellulose, Inositol, Methylcellulose, Vitamin B6, stearic acid, Vitamin B12, Vitamin B62024-11-29 10:47:42
Natrol JuiceFestiv® Daily Fruit and Daily Veggie -- 60 Capsule BottlesNatrolVitamins & SupplementsVitamin C, dibasic calcium phosphate, Folate, maltodextrin, Vitamin B6, Vitamin A, Vitamin B12, Vitamin B62024-11-29 10:47:42
Natrol L-Arginine -- 5000 mg - 90 TabletsNatrolVitamins & SupplementsFolate, glycerin, methylcellulose, Vitamin B6, stearic acid, Vitamin B12, Vitamin B62024-11-29 10:47:42
Natrol Memory Complex -- 60 TabletsNatrolVitamins & Supplementsdicalcium phosphate, Folate, glycerin, Huperzine A, Microcrystalline cellulose, maltodextrin, methylcellulose, Vitamin B3, Phosphorus, Vitamin B6, stearic acid, Thiamin, Vitamin B12, Vitamin B62024-11-29 10:47:42
Natrol Vitamin B-12 Fast Dissolve Strawberry -- 5000 mcg - 100 TabletsNatrolVitamins & Supplementsmalic acid, maltodextrin, stearic acid, Vitamin B12, Xylitol2024-11-29 10:47:42
Naturade Total Soy® Meal Replacement Strawberry Creme -- 17.88 ozNaturadeWeight Managementd-alpha tocopheryl succinate, Vitamin C, beta carotene, Biotin, calcium pantothenate, Vitamin D3, Chromium, Vitamin E, Fructose, ferrous sulfate, Folate, Vitamin E, Iodine, maltodextrin, Manganese, Niacin, niacinamide, Pantothenic Acid, Phosphorus, potassium chloride, Vitamin B6, Vitamin A, Riboflavin, Selenium, Thiamin, cyanocobalamin, Vitamin B62024-11-29 10:47:42
Naturade VeganSmart Protein & Greens Vanilla Crème -- 22.8 ozNaturadeWeight ManagementVitamin C, Biotin, Chromium, Folate, GI, Iodine, Manganese, Molybdenum, Niacin, Pantothenic Acid, Vitamin B6, Vitamin A, Riboflavin, Selenium, Sugar, Thiamin, Vitamin B12, Vitamin B6, Vitamin D2, Vitamin K2024-11-29 10:47:42
Naturade VeganSmart™ All-In-One Nutritional Shake Chai -- 15 ServingsNaturadeWeight ManagementVitamin C, Biotin, Chromium, Folate, Iodine, Manganese, Molybdenum, Niacin, Pantothenic Acid, Vitamin B6, Vitamin A, Riboflavin, Selenium, Thiamin, Vitamin B12, Vitamin B6, Vitamin D2, Vitamin K2024-11-29 10:47:42
Naturade VeganSmart™ All-In-One Nutritional Shake Chocolate -- 15 ServingsNaturadeWeight ManagementVitamin C, Biotin, Chromium, Folate, Iodine, Manganese, Molybdenum, Niacin, Pantothenic Acid, Vitamin B6, Vitamin A, Riboflavin, Selenium, Thiamin, Vitamin B12, Vitamin B6, Vitamin D2, Vitamin K2024-11-29 10:47:42
Naturade VeganSmart™ All-In-One Nutritional Shake Vanilla -- 15 ServingsNaturadeWeight ManagementVitamin C, Biotin, Chromium, Folate, Iodine, Manganese, Molybdenum, Niacin, Pantothenic Acid, Vitamin B6, Vitamin A, Riboflavin, Selenium, Thiamin, Vitamin B12, Vitamin B6, Vitamin D2, Vitamin K2024-11-29 10:47:42
Natural Balance Happy Camper Stress Chill -- 120 VegCapsNatural BalanceVitamins & SupplementsChamomile, Folate, Lithium, maltodextrin, Vitamin B6, Selenium, Vitamin B12, Vitamin B62024-11-29 10:47:42
Natural Care NerveFix Cream -- 4 fl ozNatural CareHerbs, Botanicals & Homeopathyglyceryl oleate, orange, cetyl alcohol, tocopherol, methylsulfonyl-methane, tocopherol, phenoxyethanol, pyridoxine HCI, sodium benzoate, sodium cocoyl glutamate, stearic acid, vitamin B122024-11-29 10:47:42
Natural Care OptiAll® -- 60 CapsulesNatural CareHerbs, Botanicals & HomeopathyVitamin C, cellulose, Vitamin E, Vitamin E, glycerin, Vitamin B6, Vitamin A, Vitamin B2, Selenium, titanium dioxide, Vitamin B12, Vitamin B62024-11-29 10:47:42
Natural Dog Company Multivitamin Supplements For Dogs -- 90 Soft ChewsNatural Dog CompanyPet Suppliesascorbic acid, beta carotene, vitamin B7, Choline, Vitamin E, ferrous gluconate, Folic Acid, vitamin E, inositol, Iodine, Manganese, Niacin, Pantothenic Acid, potassium iodate, pyridoxine hydrochloride, vitamin B6, vitamin A acetate, Vitamin A, vitamin B2, Selenium, vitamin B1, Vitamin B12, vitamin B6, vitamin K2024-11-29 10:47:42
Natural Factors B12 Methylcobalamin -- 1000 mcg - 180 Chewable TabletsNatural FactorsVitamins & Supplementsmicrocrystalline cellulose, Lactose, Vitamin B122024-11-29 10:47:42
Natural Factors B12 Methylcobalamin -- 5000 mcg - 60 Chewable TabletNatural FactorsVitamins & Supplementsmicrocrystalline cellulose, Lactose, Vitamin B122024-11-29 10:47:42
Natural Stacks Brain Food Stacks -- 60 Vegetarian CapsulesNatural StacksVitamins & Supplementsascorbyl palmitate, Vitamin C, Trimethylglycine, Trimethylglycine, cellulose, Folate, L-Phenylalanine, Vitamin B6, Vitamin B12, Vitamin B62024-11-29 10:47:42
Natural Stacks Dopamine Brain Food Capsules -- 45 Vegetarian CapsulesNatural StacksVitamins & Supplementsascorbyl palmitate, Vitamin C, Trimethylglycine, Trimethylglycine, cellulose, Folate, L-Phenylalanine, Vitamin B6, Vitamin B12, Vitamin B62024-11-29 10:47:42
Natural Stacks Focus Stack - NeuroFuel & Dopamine -- 60 Vegetarian CapsulesNatural StacksVitamins & Supplementsascorbyl palmitate, Vitamin C, Trimethylglycine, Trimethylglycine, Folate, L-Phenylalanine, Vitamin B6, Vitamin B12, Vitamin B62024-11-29 10:47:42
Nature Made B12 -- 1000 mcg - 150 SoftgelsNature MadeVitamins & Supplementsglycerin, Vitamin B122024-11-29 10:47:42
Nature Made Multi For Her -- 90 TabletsNature MadeVitamins & SupplementsVitamin C, Biotin, Vitamin D 3, Chromium, Vitamin E, Folic Acid, Vitamin E, Iodine, maltodextrin, Manganese, Molybdenum, Niacin, Pantothenic Acid, Vitamin B6, Riboflavin, Selenium, Thiamin, Vitamin B12, Vitamin B6, Vitamin K2024-11-29 10:47:42
Nature Made Multi For Her 50+ -- 90 TabletsNature MadeVitamins & SupplementsVitamin C, Biotin, Vitamin D3, Chromium, Vitamin E, Folate, Vitamin E, Iodine, Manganese, Molybdenum, Niacin, Pantothenic Acid, Vitamin B6, Vitamin A, Riboflavin, Selenium, Thiamin, Vitamin B12, Vitamin B6, Vitamin K2024-11-29 10:47:42
Nature Made Stress B-Complex -- 75 TabletsNature MadeVitamins & Supplementsdl-alpha tocopheryl acetate, Vitamin C, Biotin, d-calcium pantothenate, Vitamin E, folic acid, Vitamin E, Niacin, niacinamide, Pantothenic Acid, pyridoxine hydrochloride, Vitamin B6, Riboflavin, stearic acid, Thiamin, Vitamin B12, Vitamin B6, zinc sulfate2024-11-29 10:47:42
Nature Made Super B Energy Complex -- 60 SoftgelsNature MadeVitamins & SupplementsBiotin, dibasic calcium phosphate, Folate, glycerin, Niacin, Pantothenic Acid, Vitamin B6, Riboflavin, Thiamin, Vitamin B12, Vitamin B62024-11-29 10:47:42
Nugenix T-Boost -- 90 CapsulesNugenixVitamins & SupplementsVitamin B6, Vitamin B12, Vitamin B62024-11-29 10:47:42
NuGo Nutrition Original Protein Bar Churro -- 1.76 oz Each / Pack of 15NuGo NutritionWeight ManagementVitamin C, Vitamin E, Folate, Vitamin E, Niacin, Phosphorus, Vitamin B6, Vitamin A, Riboflavin, cane sugar, Thiamin, vanilla, Vitamin B12, Vitamin B62024-11-29 10:47:42
NuGo Nutrition Protein Bars Orange Smoothie -- 15 BarsNuGo NutritionWeight ManagementVitamin C, Vitamin E, Folate, vitamin E, calcium carbonate, Niacin, niacinamide, palmitate, Phosphorus, Vitamin B6, Vitamin A, vitamin B2, cane sugar, Thiamin, vitamin B1, cyanocobalamin, vitamin B62024-11-29 10:47:42
NuGo Nutrition To Go Bars Chocolate -- 15 BarsNuGo NutritionWeight Managementd-alpha tocopheryl acetate, Vitamin C, dicalcium phosphate, Vitamin E, fructose, Folic Acid, vitamin E, calcium carbonate, maltodextrin, Niacin, niacinamide, pyridoxine hydrochloride, Vitamin B6, Vitamin A, Riboflavin, cane sugar, Thiamin, cyanocobalamin, vitamin B-62024-11-29 10:47:42
NuGo Nutrition To Go Bars Chocolate Banana -- 15 BarsNuGo NutritionWeight ManagementVitamin C, dicalcium phosphate, Vitamin E, fructose, vitamin B9, Vitamin E, microcrystalline cellulose, maltodextrin, Niacin, niacinamide, palmitate, pyridoxine hydrochloride, Vitamin B6, Vitamin A, vitamin B2, cane sugar, Thiamin, cyanocobalamin, vitamin B62024-11-29 10:47:42
NuGo Nutrition To Go Bars Coffee -- 15 BarsNuGo NutritionWeight ManagementD-alpha tocopheryl acetate, Vitamin C, dicalcium phosphate, Vitamin E, fructose, folic acid, vitamin E, microcrystalline cellulose, calcium carbonate, maltodextrin, Niacin, niacinamide, pyridoxine hydrochloride, Vitamin B6, Vitamin A, Riboflavin, cane sugar, Thiamin, cyanocobalamin, vitamin B-62024-11-29 10:47:42
NuGo Nutrition To Go Bars Peanut Butter Chocolate -- 15 BarsNuGo NutritionWeight Managementd-alpha tocopheryl acetate, Vitamin C, dicalcium phosphate, Vitamin E, fructose, folic acid, vitamin E, microcrystalline cellulose, calcium carbonate, Niacin, niacinamide, pyridoxine hydrochloride, Vitamin B6, Vitamin A, Riboflavin, sugar, Thiamin, cyanocobalamin, vitamin B-62024-11-29 10:47:42
NuGo Nutrition To Go Bars Vanilla Yogurt -- 15 BarsNuGo NutritionWeight Managementd-alpha tocopheryl acetate, Vitamin C, dicalcium phosphate, Vitamin E, fructose, folic acid, vitamin E, microcrystalline cellulose, maltodextrin, Niacin, niacinamide, Phosphorus, pyridoxine hydrochloride, Vitamin B6, Vitamin A, Riboflavin, beet sugar, Thiamin, Vitamin B12, vitamin B62024-11-29 10:47:42
NutraBio Amino Kick Baja Burst -- 30 ServingsNutraBioActive Lifestyle & FitnessChloride, maltodextrin, Pantothenic Acid, Phosphorus, Vitamin B6, Vitamin B12, Vitamin B62024-11-29 10:47:42
NutraBio Amino Kick Blue Raspberry -- 30 ServingsNutraBioActive Lifestyle & FitnessChloride, maltodextrin, Pantothenic Acid, Phosphorus, Vitamin B6, Vitamin B12, Vitamin B62024-11-29 10:47:42
NutraBio Amino Kick Georgia Peach Tea -- 30 ServingsNutraBioActive Lifestyle & FitnessChloride, maltodextrin, Pantothenic Acid, Phosphorus, Vitamin B6, Vitamin B12, Vitamin B62024-11-29 10:47:42
NutraBio Amino Kick Grape Berry Crush -- 30 ServingsNutraBioActive Lifestyle & FitnessChloride, maltodextrin, Pantothenic Acid, Phosphorus, Vitamin B6, Vitamin B12, Vitamin B62024-11-29 10:47:42
NutraBio Amino Kick Orange Mango -- 30 ServingsNutraBioActive Lifestyle & FitnessChloride, maltodextrin, Pantothenic Acid, Phosphorus, Vitamin B6, Vitamin B12, Vitamin B62024-11-29 10:47:42
NutraBio Amino Kick Passion Fruit Pineapple -- 30 ServingsNutraBioActive Lifestyle & FitnessChloride, maltodextrin, Pantothenic Acid, Phosphorus, Vitamin B6, Vitamin B12, Vitamin B62024-11-29 10:47:42
NutraBio Amino Kick Raspberry Lemonade -- 30 ServingsNutraBioActive Lifestyle & FitnessChloride, maltodextrin, Pantothenic Acid, Phosphorus, Vitamin B6, Vitamin B12, Vitamin B62024-11-29 10:47:42
NutraBio Extreme Mass Chocolate -- 15.6 ServingsNutraBioActive Lifestyle & FitnessVitamin C, Biotin, cholecalciferol, Chromium, Vitamin E, Folic Acid, Vitamin E, Iodine, Maltodextrin, Vitamin B3, niacinamide, Pantothenic Acid, Phosphorus, potassium iodide, pyridoxine hydrochloride, Vitamin B6, vitamin A palmitate, Riboflavin, Selenium, Thiamin, sucralose, Vitamin B12, Vitamin B6, vitamin K1, Vitamin K2024-11-29 10:47:42
NutraBio Extreme Mass Vanilla -- 15.6 ServingsNutraBioActive Lifestyle & FitnessVitamin C, Biotin, cholecalciferol, Chromium, Vitamin E, Folic Acid, Vitamin E, Iodine, Maltodextrin, Vitamin B3, niacinamide, Pantothenic Acid, Phosphorus, potassium iodide, pyridoxine hydrochloride, Vitamin B6, vitamin A palmitate, Riboflavin, Selenium, Thiamin, sucralose, Vitamin B12, Vitamin B6, vitamin K1, Vitamin K2024-11-29 10:47:42
NutraBio MultiSport for Men -- 120 CapsulesNutraBioActive Lifestyle & FitnessVitamin C, Biotin, Boron, Choline, Chromium, Vitamin E, Folate, Vitamin E, Inositol, Iodine, Manganese, Molybdenum, Niacin, Pantothenic Acid, Phosphorus, Vitamin B6, Vitamin A, Riboflavin, Selenium, Thiamin, Alpha-Lipoic Acid, Vanadium, Vitamin B12, Vitamin B62024-11-29 10:47:42
NutraBio MultiSport for Women -- 120 CapsulesNutraBioActive Lifestyle & FitnessVitamin C, Biotin, Boron, Choline, Chromium, Vitamin E, Folate, Vitamin E, Inositol, Iodine, Manganese, Molybdenum, Niacin, Pantothenic Acid, Phosphorus, Vitamin B6, Vitamin A, Riboflavin, Selenium, Thiamin, Alpha-Lipoic Acid, Vanadium, Vitamin B12, Vitamin B62024-11-29 10:47:42
NutraChamps Vitamin D3 + B12 Gummies Raspberry -- 60 GummiesNutraChampsVitamins & Supplementscitrus pectin, citric acid, Vitamin D3, citric acid, Folate, sodium citrate, Sugar, Vitamin B122024-11-29 10:47:42
Nutrex Hawaii Spirulina Pacifica® Spearmint -- 1000 mg - 180 TabletsNutrex HawaiiVitamins & Supplements K2, Chlorophyll a, Gamma Linolenic Acid, Manganese, K2, Chlorophyll a, Vitamin A, Vitamin B12, Vitamin K, Zeaxanthin2024-11-29 10:47:42
Nutrex Research LIPO-6® Black Hers -- 60 CapsulesNutrex ResearchActive Lifestyle & FitnessCaffeine Anhydrous, Folic Acid, Glycerin, Rauwolscine, Vitamin B12, Yohimbine2024-11-29 10:47:42
NutriBiotic Broken Cell Wall Chlorella Microalgae -- 500 mg - 300 Vegan TabletsNutriBioticVitamins & SupplementsPABA, Biotin, Chlorophyll, Inositol, Iodine, Niacin, PABA, Phosphorus, Vitamin B6, Vitamin A, Riboflavin, stearic acid, Thiamine, Vitamin B12, Vitamin B62024-11-29 10:47:42
NutriBiotic Multi Vitamins & Minerals -- 180 CapsulesNutriBioticVitamins & SupplementsPara Aminobenzoic Acid, Vitamin C, Glucono delta lactone, Biotin, Vitamin D3, Choline, Chromium, Vitamin E, Folate, Vitamin E, Inositol, calcium carbonate, Manganese, Molybdenum, Niacin, Pantothenic Acid, Vitamin B6, Vitamin A, Vitamin B2, Selenium, montmorillonite, Thiamin, Vanadium, Vitamin B12, Vitamin B62024-11-29 10:47:42
NutriCology B12 Adenosylcobalamin Vegetarian Lozenges -- 3000 mcg - 60 LozengesNutriCologyVitamins & Supplementscellulose, Folic Acid, Sorbitol, stearic acid, Vitamin B122024-11-29 10:47:42
NutriCology Multi-Vi-Min -- 150 CapsulesNutriCologyVitamins & Supplements5-Methyltetrahydrofolate, Biotin, Boron, Vitamin D3, Chromium, Vitamin E, Vitamin E, Glutamic Acid, microcrystalline cellulose, Manganese, Molybdenum, Niacin, Pantothenic Acid, Vitamin B6, Vitamin A, Riboflavin, Selenium, stearic acid, Thiamin, Vitamin B12, Vitamin B62024-11-29 10:47:42
NutriCology Ocudyne II -- 200 CapsulesNutriCologyVitamins & SupplementsN-Acetyl L-Cysteine, Vitamin C, Boron, Vitamin D3, Chromium, Vitamin E, Folic Acid, Vitamin E, Glutamic Acid, Glycine, microcrystalline cellulose, Iodine, Lutein, Lycopene, Manganese, Molybdenum, Niacin, Pantothenic Acid, Vitamin B6, Quercetin, Vitamin A, Riboflavin, Selenium, Taurine, Thiamin, Alpha-Lipoic Acid, Vitamin B12, Vitamin B6, Zeaxanthin2024-11-29 10:47:42
NutriCology Super B Vitamins Non Yeast or Corn Derived -- 120 Vegetarian CapsulesNutriCologyVitamins & SupplementsPABA, Biotin, Folate, Inositol, Niacin, PABA, Pantothenic Acid, Vitamin B6, Riboflavin, Thiamin, Vitamin B12, Vitamin B62024-11-29 10:47:42
Nutricost Vitamin B12 Methylcobalamin -- 2000 mcg - 240 CapsulesNutricostVitamins & Supplementscellulose, stearic acid, Vitamin B122024-11-29 10:47:42
Nutritional Concepts Tinnicare -- 90 CapletsNutritional ConceptsVitamins & SupplementsVitamin C, Microcrystalline cellulose, Vitamin B6, Riboflavin, stearic acid, Thiamin, Vitamin B12, Vitamin B62024-11-29 10:47:42
Olly Adult Multi Probiotic Gummy Tropical Twist -- 70 GummiesOllyVitamins & Supplementscitric acid, Vitamin C, Biotin, Chromium, citric acid, Vitamin E, Folate, Vitamin E, Iodine, Niacin, Pantothenic Acid, Vitamin B6, Vitamin A, Selenium, Cane sugar, Vitamin B12, Vitamin B62024-11-29 10:47:42
Olly Daily Energy Tropical Passion -- 60 GummiesOllyVitamins & Supplementscitric acid, citric acid, Coenzyme Q10, lactic acid, beet sugar, Vitamin B122024-11-29 10:47:42
Olly Extra Strength Daily Energy Gummies Berry Yuzu -- 60 GummiesOllyVitamins & Supplementscitric acid, citric acid, Coenzyme Q10, sugar, Vitamin B122024-11-29 10:47:42
Olly Kids Multi Gummy Worms Sour Fruity Punch -- 70 GummiesOllyVitamins & Supplementscitric acid, Vitamin C, Biotin, Choline, citric acid, Vitamin E, Folate, Vitamin E, Iodine, lactic acid, Pantothenic Acid, Vitamin B6, Vitamin A, beet sugar, Vitamin B12, Vitamin B62024-11-29 10:47:42
Olly Kids Multi Plus Probiotic Yum Berry Punch -- 100 GummiesOllyVitamins & Supplementscitric acid, Vitamin C, Biotin, Choline, citric acid, Vitamin E, Folate, Vitamin E, Iodine, lactic acid, Pantothenic Acid, Vitamin B6, Vitamin A, Cane sugar, Vitamin B12, Vitamin B62024-11-29 10:47:42
Olly Kids Multi plus Probiotic Yum Berry Punch -- 70 GummiesOllyVitamins & Supplementscitric acid, Vitamin C, Biotin, citric acid, Vitamin E, Folic Acid, Vitamin E, Iodine, lactic acid, Pantothenic Acid, Vitamin B6, Vitamin A, Cane sugar, Vitamin B12, Vitamin B62024-11-29 10:47:42
Olly Laser Focus - Berry Tangy Tangerine -- 36 GummiesOllyVitamins & SupplementsCitric Acid, Citric Acid, Alpha GPC, Vitamin B6, Cane Sugar, Vitamin B12, Vitamin B62024-11-29 10:47:42
Olly Metabolism Gummy Rings Snappy Apple -- 30 GummiesOllyVitamins & Supplementscitric acid, Chromium, citric acid, lactic acid, beet sugar, Vitamin B122024-11-29 10:47:42
Olly Teen Girl Multi Berry Melon Besties -- 70 GummiesOllyVitamins & Supplementscitric acid, Vitamin C, Biotin, Vitamin D3, Chromium, citric acid, Vitamin E, Folate, Vitamin E, Iodine, lactic acid, Niacin, Pantothenic Acid, Vitamin B6, Vitamin A, Selenium, beet sugar, Vitamin B12, Vitamin B62024-11-29 10:47:42
Olly The Essential Prenatal Sweet Citrus -- 60 GummiesOllyVitamins & Supplementscitric acid, ascorbyl palmitate, Vitamin C, Choline, citric acid, Vitamin E, EPA, Folate, Vitamin E, lactic acid, Niacin, Vitamin B6, Vitamin A, sugar, Vitamin B12, Vitamin B62024-11-29 10:47:42
Olly Ultra Strength Hair -- 30 SoftgelsOllyVitamins & SupplementsBiotin, Folate, glycerin, Vitamin B122024-11-29 10:47:42
Olly Ultra Strength Prenatal Folic Acid + DHA Multivitamin -- 60 SoftgelsOllyVitamins & SupplementsVitamin C, Biotin, Vitamin E, EPA, Folate, Vitamin E, glycerin, Iodine, Niacin, Pantothenic Acid, Vitamin B6, Vitamin A, Riboflavin, Thiamin, titanium dioxide, Vitamin B12, Vitamin B62024-11-29 10:47:42
Olympian Labs Bee Pollen Granules -- 2 lbsOlympian LabsVitamins & SupplementsVitamin C, Vitamin B6, Vitamin A, Vitamin B12, Vitamin B62024-11-29 10:47:42
Olympian Labs Goji Berries -- 2 lbsOlympian LabsHerbs, Botanicals & HomeopathyVitamin C, Vitamin B6, Vitamin A, Vitamin B12, Vitamin B62024-11-29 10:47:42
OM Organic Master Blend Plant-Based Protein Creamy Chocolate -- 19.57 ozOMHerbs, Botanicals & HomeopathyAlanine, Arginine, Vitamin C, Aspartic Acid, Chloride, Cystine, Glutamic Acid, Glycine, Histidine, Isoleucine, Leucine, Lysine, Manganese, Methionine, Phenylalanine, Phosphorus, Proline, Serine, Threonine, Tryptophan, Tyrosine, Valine, Vitamin B122024-11-29 10:47:42
OM Organic Master Blend Plant-Based Protein Creamy Vanilla -- 18.27 ozOMHerbs, Botanicals & HomeopathyVitamin C, Vitamin B122024-11-29 10:47:42
One Degree Organic Foods Organic Sprouted Spelt Flour -- 32 ozOne Degree Organic FoodsFood & BeveragesVitamin C, Manganese, Niacin, Pantothenic Acid, Phosphorus, Vitamin B6, Vitamin A, Riboflavin, Thiamin, Vitamin B12, Vitamin B62024-11-29 10:47:42
One-A-Day Mens 50 Plus Complete Multivitamin -- 65 TabletsOne-A-DayVitamins & Supplementsdl-alpha-tocopheryl acetate, Vitamin C, Biotin, d-calcium pantothenate, cholecalciferol, Chromium, copper sulfate, Vitamin E, Folate, Vitamin E, microcrystalline cellulose, Iodine, Calcium carbonate, Lycopene, Manganese, Molybdenum, Niacin, niacinamide, Pantothenic Acid, pyridoxine hydrochloride, Vitamin B6, Vitamin A, Riboflavin, Selenium, sodium molybdate, sodium selenite, stearic acid, Thiamin, titanium dioxide, cyanocobalamin, Vitamin B6, phylloquinone, Vitamin K, zinc oxide2024-11-29 10:47:42
One-A-Day Proactive 65+ Multivitamin for Men & Women -- 150 TabletsOne-A-DayVitamins & SupplementsVitamin C, Biotin, D-calcium pantothenate, Chromium, copper sulfate, Folate, microcrystalline cellulose, Iodine, Calcium carbonate, maltodextrin, Manganese, Niacin, niacinamide, Pantothenic Acid, potassium iodide, pyridoxine hydrochloride, Vitamin B6, vitamin A acetate, Vitamin A, Riboflavin, Selenium, sodium selenite, stearic acid, Thiamin, titanium dioxide, Vitamin B12, Vitamin B6, Vitamin K2024-11-29 10:47:42
One-A-Day VitaCraves Adult Multi Gummies -- 150 GummiesOne-A-DayVitamins & Supplementscitric acid, vitamin E acetate, Vitamin C, d-biotin, d-calcium pantothenate, vitamin D3, Choline, citric acid, Vitamin E, folic acid, Vitamin E, Inositol, Iodine, Pantothenic Acid, potassium iodide, pyridoxine hydrochloride, Vitamin B6, vitamin A acetate, Vitamin A, sucrose, vitamin B12, Vitamin B62024-11-29 10:47:42
Onnit Alpha Brain Focus Shot Peach -- 6 ShotsOnnitVitamins & Supplementsleaf, N-Acetyl L-Tyrosine, Vitamin B6, sodium citrate, Vitamin B12, Vitamin B62024-11-29 10:47:42
Onnit Alpha Brain Focus Shot Tropical -- 6 ShotsOnnitVitamins & Supplementsleaf, N-Acetyl L-Tyrosine, Vitamin B6, sodium citrate, Vitamin B12, Vitamin B62024-11-29 10:47:42
Onnit Shroom Tech® Sport -- 28 CapsulesOnnitActive Lifestyle & Fitnessdicalcium phosphate, dextrin, Chromium, Vitamin B122024-11-29 10:47:42
Onnit Shroom Tech® Sport -- 84 CapsulesOnnitActive Lifestyle & Fitnessdicalcium phosphate, dextrin, Chromium, Vitamin B122024-11-29 10:47:42
Optimum Nutrition Gold Standard Pre-Workout For Performance and Energy Blueberry Lemonade -- 30 ServingsOptimum NutritionActive Lifestyle & Fitnesscitric acid, acesulfame potassium, acesulfame potassium, Beta-Alanine, Caffeine, citric acid, L-Citrulline Malate, Folic Acid, malic acid, N-Acetyl L-Tyrosine, Niacin, Pantothenic Acid, Vitamin B6, tartaric acid, Thiamin, sucralose, Vitamin B12, Vitamin B62024-11-29 10:47:42
Optimum Nutrition Gold Standard Pre-Workout For Performance and Energy Fruit Punch -- 30 ServingsOptimum NutritionActive Lifestyle & Fitnesscitric acid, Beta-Alanine, Caffeine, citric acid, Folate, malic acid, N-Acetyl L-Tyrosine, Niacin, Pantothenic Acid, Vitamin B6, tartaric acid, Thiamin, sucralose, Vitamin B12, Vitamin B62024-11-29 10:47:42
Optimum Nutrition Gold Standard Pre-Workout For Performance and Energy Watermelon Candy -- 30 ServingsOptimum NutritionActive Lifestyle & Fitnesscitric acid, Beta-Alanine, Caffeine, citric acid, L-Citrulline Malate, Folate, malic acid, N-Acetyl L-Tyrosine, Niacin, Pantothenic Acid, Vitamin B6, tartaric acid, Thiamin, sucralose, Vitamin B12, Vitamin B62024-11-29 10:47:42
Optimum Nutrition Opti-Men Multivitamin for Men -- 150 TabletsOptimum NutritionActive Lifestyle & Fitness Lipase, PABA, Alpha-Carotene, Vitamin C, beta carotene, Biotin, Boron, Choline, Chromium, Cryptoxanthin, L-Cystine, Vitamin E, Folic Acid, Vitamin E, L-Glutamine, Microcrystalline cellulose, Inositol, Iodine, L-Isoleucine, Lutein, Lycopene, L-Lysine, Manganese, Molybdenum, Niacin, PABA, Pantothenic Acid, Vitamin B6, Vitamin A, Riboflavin, Selenium, stearic acid, Thiamin, Alpha-Lipoic Acid, L-Valine, Vanadium, Vitamin B12, Vitamin B6, Vitamin K, Zeaxanthin2024-11-29 10:47:42
Optimum Nutrition Opti-Men Multivitamin for Men -- 240 TabletsOptimum NutritionActive Lifestyle & Fitness Lipase, PABA, Alpha-Carotene, Vitamin C, beta carotene, Biotin, Boron, Choline, Chromium, Cryptoxanthin, L-Cystine, Vitamin E, Folate, Vitamin E, L-Glutamine, Microcrystalline cellulose, Inositol, Iodine, L-Isoleucine, Lutein, Lycopene, Manganese, Molybdenum, Niacin, PABA, Pantothenic Acid, Vitamin B6, Vitamin A, Riboflavin, Selenium, stearic acid, Thiamin, Alpha-Lipoic Acid, L-Valine, Vanadium, Vitamin B12, Vitamin B6, Vitamin K, Zeaxanthin2024-11-29 10:47:42
Optimum Nutrition Opti-Men Multivitamin for Men -- 90 TabletsOptimum NutritionActive Lifestyle & FitnessPABA, Alpha-Carotene, Vitamin C, beta carotene, Biotin, Boron, Chromium, Cryptoxanthin, L-Cystine, Vitamin E, Folate, Vitamin E, L-Glutamine, glycerine, Microcrystalline cellulose, Inositol, Iodine, L-Isoleucine, Lutein, Lycopene, L-Lysine, Manganese, Molybdenum, Niacin, PABA, Pantothenic Acid, Vitamin B6, Vitamin A, Riboflavin, Selenium, stearic acid, Thiamin, Alpha-Lipoic Acid, L-Valine, Vanadium, Vitamin B12, Vitamin B6, Vitamin K, Zeaxanthin2024-11-29 10:47:42
Optimum Nutrition Opti-Women Multivitamin for Women -- 120 CapsulesOptimum NutritionActive Lifestyle & FitnessAlpha-Carotene, Vitamin C, kelp, Biotin, Chromium, Cryptoxanthin, Vitamin E, Folate, Vitamin E, microcrystalline cellulose, Iodine, Isoflavone, calcium carbonate, Lutein, Lycopene, Manganese, Molybdenum, Niacin, Pantothenic Acid, Vitamin B6, vitamin A palmitate, Vitamin A, Riboflavin, Selenium, citrate, sodium selenate, citrate, Thiamin, Alpha-Lipoic Acid, calcium phosphate, Vitamin B12, Vitamin B6, Vitamin K, Zeaxanthin2024-11-29 10:47:42
Optimum Nutrition Opti-Women Multivitamin for Women -- 60 CapsulesOptimum NutritionActive Lifestyle & FitnessAlpha-Carotene, Vitamin C, kelp, Biotin, Chromium, Cryptoxanthin, Vitamin E, Folic Acid, Vitamin E, microcrystalline cellulose, Iodine, calcium carbonate, Lutein, Lycopene, Manganese, Molybdenum, Niacin, Pantothenic Acid, potassium iodide, Vitamin B6, Vitamin A, Riboflavin, Selenium, citrate, citrate, Thiamin, Alpha-Lipoic Acid, Vitamin B12, Vitamin B6, Vitamin K, Zeaxanthin2024-11-29 10:47:42
Optimum Nutrition Serious Mass Protein Powder Supplement Chocolate -- 16 ServingsOptimum NutritionActive Lifestyle & FitnessPABA, acesulfame potassium, acesulfame potassium, d-alpha tocopheryl succinate, Vitamin C, beta carotene, Biotin, calcium citrate, d-calcium pantothenate, di-calcium phosphate, cholecalciferol, Choline, Chromium, copper gluconate, Vitamin E, ferrous fumarate, folic acid, Vitamin E, L-Glutamine, Inositol, Iodine, Maltodextrin, Manganese, Molybdenum, Niacin, niacinamide, PABA, Pantothenic Acid, Phosphorus, potassium iodide, pyridoxine hydrochloride, Vitamin B6, Vitamin A, Riboflavin, Selenium, selenomethionine, Thiamin, cyanocobalamin, Vitamin B62024-11-29 10:47:42
Orgain Organic Kids Nutritional Shake 22 Vitamins & Minerals Chocolate -- 12 ShakesOrgainBaby & Kids ProductsVitamin C, Biotin, Chromium, Vitamin E, Folate, Vitamin E, Iodine, Molybdenum, Niacin, Pantothenic Acid, Phosphorus, Vitamin B6, Vitamin A, Riboflavin, Selenium, Thiamin, Vitamin B12, Vitamin B62024-11-29 10:47:42
Orgain Organic Kids Nutritional Shake 22 Vitamins & Minerals Strawberry -- 12 ShakesOrgainBaby & Kids ProductsVitamin C, Biotin, Chromium, Vitamin E, Folate, Vitamin E, Iodine, Manganese, Molybdenum, Niacin, Pantothenic Acid, Phosphorus, Vitamin B6, Vitamin A, Riboflavin, Selenium, Thiamin, Vitamin B12, Vitamin B62024-11-29 10:47:42
Orgain Organic Kids Nutritional Shake 22 Vitamins & Minerals Vanilla -- 12 ShakesOrgainBaby & Kids ProductsVitamin C, Biotin, Chromium, Vitamin E, Folate, Vitamin E, Iodine, Manganese, Molybdenum, Niacin, Pantothenic Acid, Phosphorus, Vitamin B6, Vitamin A, Riboflavin, Selenium, Thiamine, Vitamin B12, Vitamin B62024-11-29 10:47:42
Orgain Organic Kids Vegan Nutritional Shake - 23 Vitamins & Minerals Chocolate -- 12 ShakesOrgainBaby & Kids ProductsVitamin C, Biotin, Chromium, Vitamin E, Vitamin E, Iodine, Manganese, Molybdenum, Niacin, Pantothenic Acid, Phosphorus, Vitamin B6, Vitamin A, Riboflavin, Selenium, Thiamin, Vitamin B12, Vitamin B62024-11-29 10:47:42
Orgain Organic Kids Vegan Nutritional Shake - 23 Vitamins & Minerals Vanilla -- 12 ShakesOrgainBaby & Kids ProductsVitamin C, Biotin, Chromium, Vitamin E, Vitamin E, Iodine, Manganese, Molybdenum, Niacin, Pantothenic Acid, Phosphorus, Vitamin B6, Vitamin A, Riboflavin, Selenium, Thiamin, Vitamin B12, Vitamin B62024-11-29 10:47:42
Orgain Organic Nutrition Grass Fed Protein Shake Creamy Chocolate Fudge -- 12 ShakesOrgainActive Lifestyle & FitnessVitamin C, Biotin, Vitamin E, Folate, Vitamin E, Iodine, Niacin, Pantothenic Acid, Phosphorus, Vitamin B6, Vitamin A, Riboflavin, Thiamine, Vitamin B12, Vitamin B62024-11-29 10:47:42
Orgain Organic Nutrition Shake Creamy Chocolate Fudge -- 12 ShakesOrgainActive Lifestyle & FitnessDL-alpha tocopheryl acetate, Vitamin C, Biotin, cholecalciferol, copper gluconate, Vitamin E, Folate, Vitamin E, Iodine, magnesium sulfate, Niacin, niacinamide, Pantothenic Acid, trisodium phosphate, Phosphorus, potassium chloride, tripotassium citrate, potassium iodide, tripotassium phosphate, pyridoxine hydrochloride, Vitamin B6, vitamin A palmitate, Vitamin A, Riboflavin, thiamine hydrochloride, Thiamin, tricalcium phosphate, cyanocobalamin, Vitamin B62024-11-29 10:47:42
Orgain Organic Nutrition Shake Sweet Vanilla Bean -- 12 ShakesOrgainActive Lifestyle & FitnessDL-alpha tocopheryl acetate, Vitamin C, Biotin, cholecalciferol, copper gluconate, Vitamin E, Folate, Vitamin E, Iodine, magnesium sulfate, Niacin, niacinamide, Pantothenic Acid, trisodium phosphate, Phosphorus, potassium chloride, tripotassium citrate, potassium iodide, pyridoxine hydrochloride, Vitamin B6, vitamin A palmitate, Vitamin A, Riboflavin, thiamine hydrochloride, Thiamin, tricalcium phosphate, cyanocobalamin, Vitamin B62024-11-29 10:47:42
Orgain Organic Nutrition Shake Grass Fed Protein Iced Cafe Mocha -- 12 ShakesOrgainActive Lifestyle & FitnessVitamin C, Biotin, Vitamin E, Folate, Vitamin E, Iodine, Niacin, Pantothenic Acid, Phosphorus, Vitamin B6, Vitamin A, Riboflavin, Thiamine, Vitamin B12, Vitamin B62024-11-29 10:47:42
Orgain Organic Nutrition Shake Grass Fed Protein Strawberries & Cream -- 12 ShakesOrgainActive Lifestyle & FitnessVitamin C, Biotin, Folate, Iodine, Niacin, Pantothenic Acid, Phosphorus, Vitamin B6, Vitamin A, Riboflavin, Thiamine, Vitamin B12, Vitamin B62024-11-29 10:47:42
Orgain Organic Nutrition Vegan Protein Shake Plant Based Smooth Chocolate -- 12 ShakesOrgainWeight ManagementVitamin C, Biotin, Chromium, Vitamin E, Folate, Vitamin E, Iodine, Manganese, Molybdenum, Niacin, Pantothenic Acid, Phosphorus, Vitamin B6, Vitamin A, Riboflavin, Selenium, Thiamin, Vitamin B12, Vitamin B62024-11-29 10:47:42
Orgain Organic Nutrition Vegan Protein Shake Plant Based Vanilla Bean -- 12 ShakesOrgainWeight ManagementVitamin C, Biotin, Chromium, Vitamin E, Folate, Vitamin E, Iodine, Manganese, Molybdenum, Niacin, Pantothenic Acid, Phosphorus, Vitamin B6, Vitamin A, Riboflavin, Thiamine, Vitamin B12, Vitamin B62024-11-29 10:47:42
Orgain Organic Vegan 21g Protein Powder + 50 Superfoods Plant Based Creamy Chocolate Fudge -- 2.02 lbsOrgainActive Lifestyle & FitnessVitamin C, Folate, Niacin, Pantothenic Acid, Vitamin B6, Vitamin A, Riboflavin, Thiamin, Vitamin B12, Vitamin B62024-11-29 10:47:42
Orgain Organic Vegan 21g Protein Powder + 50 Superfoods Plant Based Vanilla Bean -- 2.02 lbsOrgainActive Lifestyle & FitnessVitamin C, Erythritol, Folate, Niacin, Pantothenic Acid, Vitamin B6, Vitamin A, Riboflavin, Thiamin, Vitamin B12, Vitamin B62024-11-29 10:47:42
Organic Collagen Australia Pure Collagen & Liver -- 120 CapsulesOrganic Collagen AustraliaVitamins & SupplementsVitamin B7, Folate, Vitamin A, Vitamin B122024-11-29 10:47:42
Organic Traditions Spirulina Powder -- 5.3 ozOrganic TraditionsFood & BeveragesThiamine, Vitamin B122024-11-29 10:47:42
Organic Traditions Supergreens Cucumber Melon -- 3.5 ozOrganic TraditionsVitamins & SupplementsVitamin B3, Vitamin A, Riboflavin, Vitamin B122024-11-29 10:47:42
Organic Traditions Supergreens Pear -- 3.5 ozOrganic TraditionsVitamins & SupplementsVitamin B3, Vitamin A, Riboflavin, Vitamin B122024-11-29 10:47:42
Organic Traditions Supergreens Pineapple Coconut -- 3.5 ozOrganic TraditionsVitamins & SupplementsVitamin B3, Vitamin A, Riboflavin, Vitamin B122024-11-29 10:47:42
Outstanding Foods Cheese Balls Bacon Chedda -- 3 ozOutstanding FoodsFood & BeveragesVitamin C, Chromium, Vitamin E, Vitamin E, Iodine, lactic acid, Molybdenum, Niacin, Vitamin B6, Vitamin A, Riboflavin, Selenium, cane sugar, Thiamine, Vitamin B12, Vitamin B6, Vitamin K2024-11-29 10:47:42
Outstanding Foods Cheese Balls Cheddar -- 3 ozOutstanding FoodsFood & BeveragesVitamin C, Chromium, Vitamin E, Vitamin E, Iodine, lactic acid, Manganese, Molybdenum, Niacin, Vitamin B6, Vitamin A, Riboflavin, Selenium, Thiamin, Vitamin B12, Vitamin B6, Vitamin K2024-11-29 10:47:42
Outstanding Foods Cheese Balls Garlic Parmesan -- 3 ozOutstanding FoodsFood & BeveragesVitamin C, Chromium, Vitamin E, Vitamin E, Iodine, lactic acid, Molybdenum, Niacin, Vitamin B6, Vitamin A, Riboflavin, Selenium, Thiamin, Vitamin B12, Vitamin B6, Vitamin K2024-11-29 10:47:42
Outstanding Foods Cheese Balls Jalapeno -- 3 ozOutstanding FoodsFood & Beveragescitric acid, Vitamin C, Chromium, citric acid, Vitamin E, Vitamin E, Iodine, lactic acid, Molybdenum, Niacin, Vitamin B6, Vitamin A, Riboflavin, Selenium, Thiamin, Vitamin B12, Vitamin B6, Vitamin K2024-11-29 10:47:42
Pacific Foods Ultra Soy Non-Dairy Beverage Original -- 32 fl ozPacific FoodsFood & BeveragesB2, D-alpha-tocopherol acetate, Vitamin C, Vitamin E, vitamin E, palmitate, Phosphorus, pyridoxine HCL, Vitamin B6, Vitamin A, Riboflavin, tricalcium phosphate, Vitamin B12, vitamin B6, vitamin D22024-11-29 10:47:42
Phion pH Balance Master Cleanse Lemonade Diet -- 32 fl ozPhion pH BalanceVitamins & SupplementsVitamin C, Vitamin E, Vitamin E, magnesium sulfate, Niacin, Vitamin B6, Vitamin A, Riboflavin, sodium benzoate, Thiamin, Vitamin B12, Vitamin B62024-11-29 10:47:42
Pirq Electrolyte Drink Mix - Hydration Powder Packets Fruit Punch -- 10 PacketsPirqActive Lifestyle & Fitness Citric acid, calcium ascorbate, D-calcium pantothenate, Chloride, Citric acid, curcumin, Vitamin E, Vitamin E, magnesium citrate, malic acid, Niacin, niacinamide, Pantothenic Acid, potassium citrate, Vitamin B122024-11-29 10:47:42
Pirq Electrolyte Drink Mix - Hydration Powder Packets Lemon Lime -- 10 PacketsPirqActive Lifestyle & Fitnesscitric acid, calcium ascorbate, D-calcium pantothenate, Chloride, citric acid, curcumin, Vitamin E, Vitamin E, magnesium citrate, malic acid, Niacin, niacinamide, Pantothenic Acid, potassium citrate, Vitamin B122024-11-29 10:47:42
Pirq Electrolyte Drink Mix - Hydration Powder Packets Orange -- 10 PacketsPirqActive Lifestyle & Fitness Citric acid, beta carotene, calcium ascorbate, D-calcium pantothenate, Chloride, Citric acid, curcumin, Vitamin E, vitamin E, magnesium citrate, malic acid, Niacin, niacinamide, Pantothenic Acid, potassium citrate, Vitamin B122024-11-29 10:47:42
Pirq Electrolyte Drink Mix - Hydration Powder Packets Watermelon -- 10 PacketsPirqActive Lifestyle & Fitness Citric acid, calcium ascorbate, D-calcium pantothenate, Chloride, Citric acid, curcumin, Vitamin E, Vitamin E, magnesium citrate, malic acid, Niacin, niacinamide, Pantothenic Acid, potassium citrate, Vitamin B122024-11-29 10:47:42
Plant People WonderFocus Mushroom Gummies Juicy Citrus -- 60 GummiesPlant PeopleHerbs, Botanicals & Homeopathycitric acid, citric acid, Alpha GPC, maltitol, Vitamin B6, Vitamin B12, Vitamin B62024-11-29 10:47:42
PlantFusion Complete Meal Shake Chocolate Caramel -- 32.1 ozPlantFusionActive Lifestyle & FitnessVitamin C, Biotin, Chromium, Vitamin E, Erythritol, Folate, Vitamin E, L-Glutamine, L-Isoleucine, Niacin, Phosphorus, Vitamin B6, Reb A, Vitamin A, Riboflavin, Selenium, Thiamin, Vitamin B12, Vitamin B6, Vitamin K2024-11-29 10:47:42
PlantFusion Complete Meal Shake Creamy Vanilla Bean -- 32.1 ozPlantFusionActive Lifestyle & FitnessVitamin C, Biotin, Chromium, Vitamin E, erythritol, Folate, Vitamin E, L-glutamine, L-isoleucine, Niacin, Pantothenic Acid, Phosphorus, Vitamin B6, reb A, Vitamin A, Riboflavin, Selenium, Thiamin, L-valine, Vitamin B12, Vitamin B6, Vitamin K2024-11-29 10:47:42
PlantFusion Vegan Wholefood Blood Support with Iron-Methyl B12-Folate -- 60 Organic VegCapsPlantFusionVitamins & SupplementsVitamin C, Folate, Vitamin B122024-11-29 10:47:42
Plum Organics Mighty Puffs Baby Snacks 9+ Months Beet + Strawberry -- 1.85 ozPlum OrganicsBaby & Kids ProductsDL-alpha tocopherol acetate, Choline, Vitamin E, Folate, vitamin E, Niacin, niacinamide, Vitamin B6, vitamin B2, thiamine hydrochloride, Thiamin, vitamin B1, cyanocobalamin, vitamin B6, zinc sulphate2024-11-29 10:47:42
Serenity Kids Grass Fed A2 Whole Milk Toddler Formula Powder 12-36 Months -- 21 ozSerenity KidsBaby & Kids ProductsL-methylfolate, ascorbyl palmitate, adenosine-5-monophosphate, alpha-tocopheryl acetate, Vitamin C, Biotin, calcium pantothenate, dicalcium phosphate, Chloride, vitamin D3, Choline, copper sulfate, cytidine-5-monophosphate, Vitamin E, ferrous sulfate, Folate, Vitamin E, inositol, Iodine, lacto-n-neotetraose, calcium carbonate, magnesium phosphate, Niacin, niacinamide, Pantothenic Acid, Phosphorus, potassium chloride, pyridoxine hydrochloride, Vitamin B6, vitamin A palmitate, Vitamin A, Riboflavin, Selenium, sodium selenite, Thiamin, Vitamin B12, Vitamin B6, phylloquinone, Vitamin K, zinc sulfate2024-11-29 10:47:42
SFI Health VitaSpectrum -- 180 Vegetarian CapsulesSFI HealthProfessional SupplementsVitamin C, beta-carotene, Biotin, Boron, cellulose, Vitamin D3, Choline, Chromium, Vitamin E, Folate, Vitamin E, Inositol, Iodine, Manganese, Molybdenum, Niacin, Pantothenic Acid, Vitamin B6, Vitamin A, Riboflavin, Selenium, Thiamin, Vanadium, Vitamin B12, Vitamin B6, Vitamin K2024-11-29 10:47:42
Silk Organic Soymilk Unsweet -- 32 fl ozSilkFood & BeveragesB2, calcium carbonate, vitamin A palmitate, Vitamin A, Riboflavin, Vitamin B12, vitamin D22024-11-29 10:47:42
Simple Truth Oatmilk Non-Dairy Oat Beverage Original -- 32 fl ozSimple TruthFood & Beveragescalcium carbonate, Phosphorus, potassium phosphate, vitamin A palmitate, Vitamin A, Riboflavin, tricalcium phosphate, Vitamin B12, vitamin D22024-11-29 10:47:42
Simple Truth Unsweetened Coconutmilk -- 32 fl ozSimple TruthFood & BeveragesVitamin C, calcium carbonate, vitamin A palmitate, Vitamin A, Vitamin B12, vitamin D22024-11-29 10:47:42
Simple Truth Organic Unsweetened Soymilk -- 32 fl ozSimple Truth OrganicFood & BeveragesVitamin C, Folate, calcium carbonate, vitamin A palmitate, Vitamin A, vitamin B2, Selenium, Vitamin B12, vitamin D22024-11-29 10:47:42
SmartyPants Adult Complete and Fiber -- 180 GummiesSmartyPantsVitamins & Supplementscitric acid, L-methylfolate, annatto, Vitamin C, Choline, citric acid, Vitamin E, EPA, Folate, Vitamin E, Iodine, Pantothenic Acid, Vitamin B6, Vitamin A, Thiamin, Vitamin B12, Vitamin B62024-11-29 10:47:42
SmartyPants Adult Fomula Multivitamin -- 180 GummiesSmartyPantsVitamins & Supplementscitric acid, Vitamin C, Choline, citric acid, Vitamin E, Folate, Vitamin E, Iodine, Vitamin K2, Vitamin K2, Pantothenic Acid, Vitamin B6, Vitamin A, Riboflavin, Thiamin, Vitamin B12, Vitamin B62024-11-29 10:47:42
SmartyPants Kids Formula Cherry Berry -- 120 GummiesSmartyPantsVitamins & Supplementscitric acid, L-methylfolate, Vitamin C, Choline, citric acid, Vitamin E, EPA, Folate, Vitamin E, Inositol, Iodine, Pantothenic Acid, Vitamin B6, Vitamin A, Thiamin, Vitamin B12, Vitamin B62024-11-29 10:47:42
SmartyPants Kids Multi and Fiber Gummies -- 120 GummiesSmartyPantsVitamins & Supplementscitric acid, L-methylfolate, Vitamin C, Biotin, citric acid, Vitamin E, Folate, Vitamin E, Inositol, Iodine, Vitamin B6, Vitamin A, Riboflavin, Thiamin, Vitamin B12, Vitamin B6, Vitamin K2024-11-29 10:47:42
SmartyPants Organic Prenatal Multi & Omegas Gummies -- 120 Vegetarian GummiesSmartyPantsVitamins & SupplementsL-methylfolate, Vitamin C, Biotin, Omega-3, Choline, Vitamin E, Folate, Vitamin E, Inositol, Iodine, Vitamin K2, Vitamin K2, Niacin, Vitamin B6, retinyl palmitate, Vitamin A, Riboflavin, Selenium, sodium citrate, Thiamin, Vitamin B12, Vitamin B62024-11-29 10:47:42
SmartyPants Organics Kids Formula -- 120 Vegetarian GummiesSmartyPantsVitamins & SupplementsL-methylfolate, Vitamin C, Omega-3, Vitamin E, Folate, Vitamin E, Iodine, Vitamin K2, Vitamin K2, Pantothenic Acid, Vitamin B6, Vitamin A, Riboflavin, sodium citrate, Thiamin, Vitamin B12, Vitamin B62024-11-29 10:47:42
SmartyPants Organics Toddler Formula -- 60 Vegetarian GummiesSmartyPantsVitamins & SupplementsL-methylfolate, Vitamin C, Omega-3, Choline, Vitamin E, Folate, Vitamin E, Iodine, Vitamin K2, Vitamin K2, Pantothenic Acid, Vitamin B6, Vitamin A, Riboflavin, sodium citrate, Thiamin, Vitamin B12, Vitamin B62024-11-29 10:47:42
SmartyPants Prenatal Multi & Omegas Gummies -- 120 GummiesSmartyPantsVitamins & Supplementscitric acid, Vitamin C, Biotin, Choline, citric acid, Vitamin E, Folate, Vitamin E, Inositol, Iodine, Niacin, Vitamin B6, Vitamin A, Riboflavin, Thiamin, Vitamin B12, Vitamin B6, Vitamin K2024-11-29 10:47:42
SmartyPants Sugar Free Kids Multi & Omegas -- 44 GummiesSmartyPantsVitamins & Supplementscitric acid, L-methylfolate, Vitamin C, Biotin, Omega-3, citric acid, Vitamin E, Folate, Vitamin E, Inositol, Iodine, allulose, Vitamin B6, Vitamin A, Riboflavin, sodium citrate, Thiamin, Vitamin B12, Vitamin B6, Vitamin K2024-11-29 10:47:42
SmartyPants Teen Girl Multi & Omegas Gummies -- 120 GummiesSmartyPantsVitamins & Supplementscitric acid, L-methylfolate, Vitamin C, Biotin, Choline, Chromium, citric acid, Vitamin E, Folate, Vitamin E, Inositol, Iodine, Lutein, Manganese, Vitamin K2, Vitamin K2, Molybdenum, Niacin, Vitamin B6, retinyl palmitate, Vitamin A, Riboflavin, Selenium, Thiamin, Vitamin B12, Vitamin B6, Vitamin K, Zeaxanthin2024-11-29 10:47:42
SmartyPants Teen Guy Multi & Omegas Gummies -- 120 GummiesSmartyPantsVitamins & Supplementscitric acid, L-methylfolate, Vitamin C, Biotin, Choline, Chromium, citric acid, Vitamin E, Folate, Vitamin E, Inositol, Iodine, Lutein, Manganese, Vitamin K2, Vitamin K2, Molybdenum, Niacin, Vitamin B6, retinyl palmitate, Vitamin A, Riboflavin, Selenium, Thiamin, Vitamin B12, Vitamin B6, Vitamin K, Zeaxanthin2024-11-29 10:47:42
SmartyPants Toddler Multi & Omegas Gummies -- 90 GummiesSmartyPantsVitamins & Supplementscitric acid, L-methylfolate, Vitamin C, Biotin, Choline, citric acid, Vitamin E, Folate, Vitamin E, Inositol, Iodine, Vitamin K2, Vitamin K2, Pantothenic Acid, Vitamin B6, retinyl palmitate, Vitamin A, Riboflavin, Thiamin, Vitamin B12, Vitamin B62024-11-29 10:47:42
Snap Supplements Blood Sugar -- 60 CapsulesSnap SupplementsHerbs, Botanicals & HomeopathyBiotin, Chromium, Folate, Niacin, Thiamin, Vanadium, Vitamin B122024-11-29 10:47:42
Snap Supplements Kidney Health -- 60 CapsulesSnap SupplementsVitamins & SupplementsL-5-MTHF, Vitamin C, chloride, Folate, Vitamin B3, niacinamide, Pantothenic Acid, Vitamin B2, citrate, citrate, Vitamin B1, Vitamin B122024-11-29 10:47:42
Snap Supplements Nitric Oxide Organic Beets Apple -- 30 ServingsSnap SupplementsActive Lifestyle & Fitnesscitric acid, Vitamin C, citric acid, Vitamin B3, Vitamin B122024-11-29 10:47:42
Snap Supplements Nitric Oxide Organic Beets Cherry Lime -- 30 ServingsSnap SupplementsActive Lifestyle & FitnessVitamin C, malic acid, Vitamin B3, Vitamin B122024-11-29 10:47:42
Snap Supplements Nitric Oxide Organic Beets -- 10 Stick PacksSnap SupplementsActive Lifestyle & FitnessVitamin C, malic acid, Vitamin B3, Vitamin B122024-11-29 10:47:42
Snap Supplements Nitric Oxide Organic Beets Original Berry -- 30 ServingsSnap SupplementsActive Lifestyle & FitnessVitamin C, malic acid, Vitamin B3, Vitamin B122024-11-29 10:47:42
Snap Supplements Nitric Oxide Preworkout Organic Beets -- 30 ServingsSnap SupplementsActive Lifestyle & FitnessVitamin C, Beta Alanine, L-Citrulline Malate, malic acid, Vitamin B3, potassium chloride, Vitamin B6, Vitamin B12, Vitamin B62024-11-29 10:47:42
Snap Supplements Organic Heart Beets Powder Mixed Berry -- 8.8 ozSnap SupplementsHerbs, Botanicals & HomeopathyVitamin C, Vitamin B3, Vitamin B122024-11-29 10:47:42
Snap Supplements USDA Organic Heart Beets Mixed Berry -- 10 Stick PacksSnap SupplementsVitamins & SupplementsVitamin C, malic acid, Vitamin B3, Vitamin B122024-11-29 10:47:42
So Delicious Coconut Milk Unsweetened Vanilla -- 32 fl ozSo DeliciousFood & Beveragescalcium carbonate, magnesium phosphate, vitamin a acetate, Vitamin A, Selenium, calcium phosphate, vitamin b12, vitamin d2, zinc oxide2024-11-29 10:47:42
So Delicious Dairy Free Organic Coconut Milk Vanilla -- 32 fl ozSo DeliciousFood & Beveragescalcium carbonate, magnesium phosphate, vitamin A acetate, Vitamin A, Selenium, calcium phosphate, vitamin B12, vitamin D2, zinc oxide2024-11-29 10:47:42
So Delicious Organic Coconut Milk Beverage Unsweetened -- 32 fl ozSo DeliciousFood & BeveragesVitamin C, magnesium phosphate, vitamin A acetate, Vitamin A, Selenium, s, tricalcium phosphate, Vitamin B12, vitamin D2, zinc oxide2024-11-29 10:47:42
So Delicious Organic Dairy Free Coconut Milk Original -- 32 fl ozSo DeliciousFood & Beveragescalcium carbonate, magnesium phosphate, vitamin A acetate, Vitamin A, Selenium, calcium phosphate, Vitamin B12, vitamin D2, zinc oxide2024-11-29 10:47:42
Solaray B-Complex 100 -- 100 VegCapsSolarayVitamins & SupplementsPABA, Biotin, Chlorine, Folate, Inositol, Niacin, PABA, Pantothenic Acid, Vitamin B6, Riboflavin, Thiamine, Vitamin B12, Vitamin B62024-11-29 10:47:42
Solaray Vitamin B-12 Natural Cherry -- 2000 mcg - 90 Sublingual LozengesSolarayVitamins & Supplements Sorbitol, Vitamin B122024-11-29 10:47:42
Solgar B-Complex 100 -- 100 Vegetable CapsulesSolgarVitamins & SupplementsBiotin, Choline, Folic Acid, Inositol, Niacin, Pantothenic Acid, Vitamin B6, Riboflavin, Thiamin, Vitamin B12, Vitamin B62024-11-29 10:47:42
Solgar B-Complex 50 -- 100 Vegetable CapsulesSolgarVitamins & SupplementsBiotin, Choline, Folic Acid, Inositol, Niacin, niacinamide, Pantothenic Acid, Vitamin B6, Riboflavin, Thiamin, Vitamin B12, Vitamin B62024-11-29 10:47:42
Solgar B-Complex with Vitamin C Stress Formula -- 250 TabletsSolgarVitamins & SupplementsVitamin C, Biotin, Choline, Folic Acid, Microcrystalline cellulose, Inositol, Niacin, Pantothenic Acid, Vitamin B6, Riboflavin, Thiamin, titanium dioxide, Vitamin B12, Vitamin B62024-11-29 10:47:42
Solgar Formula VM-75® Iron-Free -- 180 TabletsSolgarVitamins & Supplementsalpha carotene, Vitamin C, Betaine HCl, Biotin, Boron, Choline, Chromium, cryptoxanthin, Vitamin E, Folic Acid, Vitamin E, Hesperidin, Microcrystalline cellulose, Inositol, Iodine, calcium carbonate, lutein, Manganese, Molybdenum, Niacin, Pantothenic Acid, Vitamin B6, Vitamin A, Riboflavin, Rutin, Selenium, Thiamin, titanium dioxide, Vitamin B12, Vitamin B6, zeaxanthin, zinc oxide2024-11-29 10:47:42
Solgar Methylcobalamin Sublingual Vitamin B12 -- 5000 mcg - 60 NuggetsSolgarVitamins & Supplementsmicrocrystalline cellulose, Mannitol, Vitamin B122024-11-29 10:47:42
Solgar Vitamin B12 -- 100 mcg - 100 TabletsSolgarVitamins & Supplementsdicalcium phosphate, Microcrystalline cellulose, Vitamin B122024-11-29 10:47:42
Solgar Vitamin B12 Sublingual -- 1000 mcg - 100 NuggetsSolgarVitamins & Supplements Mannitol, Vitamin B122024-11-29 10:47:42
Solgar Vitamin B12 Sublingual -- 1000 mcg - 250 NuggetsSolgarVitamins & Supplements Mannitol, Vitamin B122024-11-29 10:47:42
SOS Hydration Daily Hydration Electrolytes Lemon -- 31 ServingsSOS HydrationActive Lifestyle & Fitnesscitric acid, Vitamin C, Chloride, vitamin D3, citric acid, Folate, potassium chloride, pyridoxine hydrochloride, Vitamin B6, rebaudioside A, sodium citrate, Sugar, cyanocobalamin, vitamin B6, zinc sulfate2024-11-29 10:47:42
SOS Hydration Daily Hydration Electrolytes Lemon -- 8 SticksSOS HydrationActive Lifestyle & Fitnesscitric acid, Vitamin C, Chloride, vitamin D3, citric acid, Folate, potassium chloride, pyridoxine hydrochloride, Vitamin B6, rebaudioside A, sodium citrate, Sugar, cyanocobalamin, vitamin B6, zinc sulfate2024-11-29 10:47:42
SOS Hydration Daily Hydration Electrolytes Mango -- 31 ServingsSOS HydrationActive Lifestyle & Fitnesscitric acid, Vitamin C, Chloride, vitamin D3, citric acid, Folate, potassium chloride, pyridoxine hydrochloride, Vitamin B6, rebaudioside A, sodium citrate, Sugar, cyanocobalamin, vitamin B6, zinc sulfate2024-11-29 10:47:42
SOS Hydration Daily Hydration Electrolytes Mango -- 8 SticksSOS HydrationActive Lifestyle & Fitnesscitric acid, Vitamin C, Chloride, vitamin D3, citric acid, Folate, potassium chloride, pyridoxine hydrochloride, Vitamin B6, rebaudioside A, sodium citrate, Sugar, cyanocobalamin, vitamin B6, zinc sulfate2024-11-29 10:47:42
SOS Hydration Daily Hydration Electrolytes Mixed Berry -- 31 ServingsSOS HydrationActive Lifestyle & Fitnesscitric acid, Vitamin C, Chloride, vitamin D3, citric acid, Folate, magnesium citrate, potassium chloride, Vitamin B6, rebaudioside A, sodium citrate, Sugar, cyanocobalamin, vitamin B6, zinc sulfate2024-11-29 10:47:42
SOS Hydration Daily Hydration Electrolytes Mixed Berry -- 8 SticksSOS HydrationActive Lifestyle & Fitnesscitric acid, Vitamin C, Chloride, vitamin D3, citric acid, Folate, magnesium citrate, potassium chloride, Vitamin B6, rebaudioside A, sodium citrate, Sugar, cyanocobalamin, vitamin B6, zinc sulfate2024-11-29 10:47:42
SOS Hydration Daily Hydration Electrolytes Rainbow Sherbet -- 8 SticksSOS HydrationActive Lifestyle & Fitnesscitric acid, Vitamin C, Chloride, vitamin D3, citric acid, Folate, potassium chloride, pyridoxine hydrochloride, Vitamin B6, rebaudioside A, sodium citrate, Sugar, cyanocobalamin, vitamin B6, zinc sulfate2024-11-29 10:47:42
SOS Hydration Daily Hydration Electrolytes Watermelon -- 31 ServingsSOS HydrationActive Lifestyle & Fitnesscitric acid, Vitamin C, Chloride, vitamin D3, citric acid, Folate, potassium chloride, pyridoxine hydrochloride, Vitamin B6, rebaudioside A, sodium citrate, Sugar, cyanocobalamin, vitamin B6, zinc sulfate2024-11-29 10:47:42
SOS Hydration Daily Hydration Electrolytes Watermelon -- 8 SticksSOS HydrationActive Lifestyle & Fitnesscitric acid, Vitamin C, Chloride, vitamin D3, citric acid, Folate, potassium chloride, pyridoxine hydrochloride, Vitamin B6, rebaudioside A, sodium citrate, Sugar, cyanocobalamin, vitamin B6, zinc sulfate2024-11-29 10:47:42
Source Naturals Life Force™ Multiple No Iron -- 180 CapsulesSource NaturalsVitamins & SupplementsN-Acetyl L-Cysteine, Vitamin C, Astaxanthin, Biotin, Boron, Vitamin D3, Choline, Chromium, Coenzyme Q10, Vitamin E, DMAE, Folate, Vitamin E, microcrystalline cellulose, Inositol, Iodine, calcium carbonate, Lutein, Lycopene, Manganese, Molybdenum, N-Acetyl-L-Tyrosine, Niacin, Pantethine, Pantothenic Acid, Vitamin B6, Quercetin, Vitamin A, Riboflavin, Rutin, Selenium, Thiamin, Vitamin B12, Vitamin B6, Vitamin K12024-11-29 10:47:42
Source Naturals MethylCobalamin Vitamin B12 Cherry -- 1 mg - 120 LozengesSource NaturalsVitamins & Supplements Mannitol, sorbitol, stearic acid, Vitamin B122024-11-29 10:47:42
Source Naturals Yaeyama Chlorella -- 200 mg - 600 TabletsSource NaturalsVitamins & SupplementsVitamin A, Vitamin B122024-11-29 10:47:42
Sprout Revolution Organic Sprouted Ground Flax Blueberry -- 16 ozSprout RevolutionFood & BeveragesVitamin C, Vitamin E, Vitamin E, Vitamin B6, Vitamin A, Vitamin B12, Vitamin B62024-11-29 10:47:42
Sprout Revolution Premium Organic Sprouted Ground Flax -- 8 ozSprout RevolutionFood & BeveragesVitamin C, Vitamin E, Vitamin E, Vitamin B6, Vitamin A, Vitamin B12, Vitamin B62024-11-29 10:47:42
Stur Water Enhancer with Stevia Honestly Lemonade -- 1.9 fl ozSturFood & Beveragescitric acid, citric acid, Vitamin E, Vitamin E, Vitamin B3, Vitamin B5, Vitamin B6, Vitamin A, sodium benzoate, sodium citrate, Sugar, Vitamin B12, Vitamin B62024-11-29 10:47:42
Sublingual Products B-Total Twin Pack -- 2 fl ozSublingual ProductsVitamins & SupplementsFolic Acid, glycerine, Vitamin B3, Vitamin B5, Vitamin B6, Vitamin B2, sorbitol, Vitamin B12, Vitamin B62024-11-29 10:47:42
SUKU Vitamins Active B Complex Perfect Peach -- 50 Pectin GummiesSUKU VitaminsVitamins & Supplementscitric acid, agar, Vitamin C, Biotin, citric acid, Folate, Niacin, Pantothenic Acid, Vitamin B6, Riboflavin, Thiamine, Vitamin B12, Vitamin B62024-11-29 10:47:42
SUKU Vitamins Appley Ever After Apple Cider Vinegar Gummies -- 50 GummiesSUKU VitaminsVitamins & Supplementsagar, Folate, sodium citrate, Vitamin B122024-11-29 10:47:42
SUKU Vitamins Kids Super Immunity + Elderberry Super Orange -- 50 Pectin GummiesSUKU VitaminsVitamins & Supplementscitric acid, agar, Vitamin C, Vitamin D3, citric acid, Vitamin B122024-11-29 10:47:42
SUKU Vitamins Teen Boy Total Multi Blueberry & Grape -- 60 Pectin GummiesSUKU VitaminsVitamins & Supplementscitric acid, L-5-Methyltetrahydrofolate, agar, Vitamin C, Biotin, Vitamin D3, Choline, citric acid, Vitamin E, Folate, Vitamin E, Inositol, Iodine, Vitamin K2, Vitamin K2, Niacin, Pantothenic Acid, Phosphorus, Vitamin B6, Vitamin A, Riboflavin, Thiamine, Calcium phosphate, Vitamin B12, Vitamin B62024-11-29 10:47:42
SUKU Vitamins Teen Girl Total Multi Wild Cherry -- 60 Pectin GummiesSUKU VitaminsVitamins & Supplementscitric acid, L-5-Methyltetrahydrofolate, agar, Vitamin C, Biotin, Vitamin D3, Choline, citric acid, Vitamin E, Folate, Vitamin E, Inositol, Iodine, Vitamin K2, Vitamin K2, Niacin, Pantothenic Acid, Phosphorus, Vitamin B6, Vitamin A, Riboflavin, Thiamine, Calcium phosphate, Vitamin B12, Vitamin B62024-11-29 10:47:42
SUKU Vitamins The Complete Kids Multi Gummy Vitamin Tropical Bonanza -- 60 GummiesSUKU VitaminsVitamins & Supplementscitric acid, agar, Vitamin C, beta-carotene, Biotin, Choline, citric acid, Vitamin E, Folate, Vitamin E, Inositol, Iodine, Pantothenic Acid, Vitamin B6, Vitamin A, sodium citrate, Vitamin B12, Vitamin B62024-11-29 10:47:42
SUKU Vitamins The Complete Prenatal Multi Pineapple & Peach -- 60 Pectin GummiesSUKU VitaminsVitamins & Supplementscitric acid, L-5-Methyltetrahydrofolate, agar, Vitamin C, Biotin, Vitamin D3, Choline, citric acid, Vitamin E, Folate, Vitamin E, Iodine, Manganese, Vitamin K2, Vitamin K2, Niacinamide, Pantothenic Acid, Phosphorus, Vitamin B6, Vitamin A, Riboflavin, Selenium, Thiamine, Calcium phosphate, Vitamin B12, Vitamin B62024-11-29 10:47:42
SUKU Vitamins Ultimate Immunity + Elderberry Blueberry Pineapple -- 50 Pectin GummiesSUKU VitaminsVitamins & Supplementscitric acid, agar, Vitamin C, Vitamin D3, citric acid, Vitamin B122024-11-29 10:47:42
Sun Chlorella A Tablets -- 200 mg - 300 TabletsSun ChlorellaVitamins & SupplementsAlpha-Carotene, Chlorophyll, Folate, Lutein, Niacin, Phosphorus, Vitamin B6, Vitamin A, Riboflavin, Vitamin B12, Vitamin B62024-11-29 10:47:42
Sun Chlorella A Tablets -- 500 mg - 600 TabletsSun ChlorellaVitamins & SupplementsAlpha-Carotene, Chlorophyll, Folate, Lutein, Niacin, Phosphorus, Vitamin B6, Vitamin A, Riboflavin, Vitamin B12, Vitamin B62024-11-29 10:47:42
SunFood Organic Chia Seeds -- 1 lbSunFoodHerbs, Botanicals & HomeopathyVitamin C, Omega-3, Vitamin A, Vitamin B122024-11-29 10:47:42
SunFood Organic Supergreens & Protein Powder -- 8 ozSunFoodVitamins & SupplementsLipase, Vitamin C, Cellulase, leaf, Folic Acid, Vitamin B3, Vitamin B6, Vitamin A, Vitamin B12, Vitamin B62024-11-29 10:47:42
SunFood Raw Organic Chia Seed Powder -- 1 lbSunFoodHerbs, Botanicals & HomeopathyVitamin C, Omega-3, Vitamin A, Vitamin B122024-11-29 10:47:42
SunFood Super Algae Tablets Spirulina & Chlorella -- 2 ozSunFoodVitamins & SupplementsPhosphorus, Vitamin A, Vitamin B2, Vitamin B122024-11-29 10:47:42
SunFood Super Algae Tablets Spirulina & Chlorella -- 4 ozSunFoodVitamins & SupplementsVitamin C, Vitamin B6, Vitamin A, Vitamin B2, Vitamin B1, Vitamin B12, Vitamin B62024-11-29 10:47:42
SunFood Superfoods Organic Supergreens -- 8 ozSunFoodVitamins & SupplementsVitamin B9, Vitamin B2, Vitamin B122024-11-29 10:47:42
Sunshine Beverages Sparkling Energy Drink Blueberry Lemonade -- 4 CansSunshine BeveragesFood & Beveragescitric acid, calcium lactate, calcium pantothenate, citric acid, magnesium citrate, malic acid, maltodextrin, niacinamide, Pantothenic Acid, potassium citrate, pyridoxine hydrochloride, Vitamin B6, cane sugar, Vitamin B12, Vitamin B62024-11-29 10:47:42
Sunshine Beverages Sparkling Energy Drink Clementine Twist -- 4 CansSunshine BeveragesFood & Beveragescitric acid, alpha tocopheryl acetate, Vitamin C, beta carotene, calcium pantothenate, citric acid, Vitamin E, Vitamin E, malic acid, maltodextrin, Niacin, niacinamide, Pantothenic Acid, potassium citrate, pyridoxine hydrochloride, Vitamin B6, vitamin A palmitate, Vitamin A, cane sugar, Vitamin B12, Vitamin B62024-11-29 10:47:42
Sunshine Beverages Sparkling Energy Drink Ginger Berry -- 4 CansSunshine BeveragesFood & Beveragescitric acid, calcium lactate, citric acid, magnesium citrate, malic acid, cane sugar, Vitamin B122024-11-29 10:47:42
Sunwarrior Illumni8 Lean Meal Superfood Shake Chocolate -- 25.3 ozSunwarriorWeight Managementorange, Vitamin C, Biotin, Chromium, Vitamin E, Folate, Vitamin E, Manganese, Niacin, Pantothenic Acid, Phosphorus, Vitamin B6, Vitamin A, Riboflavin, Selenium, Thiamin, vitamin B12, Vitamin B62024-11-29 10:47:42
Sunwarrior Vitamin Mineral Rush In Aloe Superjuice -- 30 fl ozSunwarriorHerbs, Botanicals & Homeopathy Orange, Vitamin C, Biotin, Vitamin E, Folate, Vitamin E, Niacin, Pantothenic Acid, Vitamin B6, stevia, Vitamin A, Riboflavin, Thiamin, Vitamin B12, Vitamin B6, Vitamin K2024-11-29 10:47:42
Swolverine ACV Gummy Apple -- 60 GummiesSwolverineVitamins & Supplementscitric acid, citric acid, Folate, Iodine, Vitamin B6, sodium citrate, sugar, Vitamin B12, Vitamin B62024-11-29 10:47:42
Swolverine B-Complex -- 30 TabletsSwolverineVitamins & SupplementsPara Aminobenzoic Acid, Biotin, Choline, Folate, Inositol, Calcium carbonate, Niacin, Pantothenic Acid, Vitamin B6, Riboflavin, Thiamin, Vitamin B12, Vitamin B62024-11-29 10:47:42
Swolverine INTRA Tropical Blast -- 30 ServingsSwolverineActive Lifestyle & Fitnesscitric acid, citric acid, L-Histidine, L-Isoleucine, L-Lysine, malic acid, L-Phenylalanine, Vitamin B6, L-Taurine, L-Valine, Vitamin B12, Vitamin B62024-11-29 10:47:42
Swolverine Multivitamin -- 60 CapsulesSwolverineActive Lifestyle & FitnessVitamin C, Biotin, Boron, Chloride, Vitamin D3, Chromium, Vitamin E, Folic Acid, Vitamin E, Iodine, Manganese, Molybdenum, Niacin, Pantothenic Acid, Phosphorus, Vitamin B6, Vitamin A, Vitamin B2, Selenium, Vitamin B1, Vitamin B12, Vitamin B6, Vitamin K12024-11-29 10:47:42
Tartar Shield Cat Treats Wholesome Natural Dental Care Chicken Flavor -- 4.5 ozTartar ShieldPet Suppliesbiotin, d-calcium pantothenate, vitamin D3, choline chloride, copper sulfate, tocopherol, ethylenediamine dihydroiodide, iron sulfate, folic acid, tocopherol, calcium carbonate, malic acid, niacin, potassium chloride, pyridoxine hydrochloride, vitamin A acetate, riboflavin, sodium selenite, taurine, thiamine, vitamin B12, menadione, zinc oxide2024-11-29 10:47:42
Tartar Shield Dog Biscuits Daily Dental Treat Chicken -- 26 ozTartar ShieldPet Suppliescalcium pantothenate, vitamin d3, choline chloride, copper sulfate, vitamin e, ferrous sulfate, folic acid, vitamin e, calcium carbonate, malic acid, niacin, potassium chloride, pyridoxine hydrochloride, vitamin a, riboflavin, sodium selenite, vitamin b12, zinc oxide2024-11-29 10:47:42
Terry Naturally Clinical Essentials Multi-Vitamin & Minerals -- 60 TabletsTerry NaturallyVitamins & SupplementsPABA, citric acid, Vitamin C, Benfotiamine, Biotin, Boron, calcium ascorbate, calcium fructoborate, dicalcium phosphate, Vitamin D3, Choline, Chromium, citric acid, Vitamin E, Folate, Vitamin E, glycerol monostearate, glycine, Microcrystalline cellulose, Inositol, Iodine, maltodextrin, Manganese, Molybdenum, Niacin, PABA, Pantothenic Acid, Vitamin B6, Vitamin A, Riboflavin, Selenium, Vanadium, Vitamin B12, Vitamin B62024-11-29 10:47:42
Terry Naturally Healthy Feet & Nerves -- 60 CapsulesTerry NaturallyVitamins & SupplementsBiotin, Chromium, Folate, Niacin, Pantothenic Acid, Vitamin B6, Riboflavin, Thiamin, Alpha-Lipoic Acid, Vitamin B12, Vitamin B62024-11-29 10:47:42
Terry Naturally Healthy Feet & Nerves™ -- 120 CapsulesTerry NaturallyVitamins & SupplementsBenfotiamine, Biotin, Chromium, Folate, cellulose powder, Niacin, Pantothenic Acid, Vitamin B6, Riboflavin, Thiamin, Alpha-Lipoic Acid, Vitamin B12, Vitamin B62024-11-29 10:47:42
Terry Naturally Healthy Ligaments & Tendons -- 60 CapsulesTerry NaturallyVitamins & Supplements citric acid, Vitamin C, citric acid, maltodextrin, Manganese, mannitol, Niacin, Vitamin B6, Vitamin B12, Vitamin B62024-11-29 10:47:42
Terry Naturally Liver Fractions™ with Natural Heme Iron -- 90 CapsulesTerry NaturallyVitamins & SupplementsFolate, cellulose powder, Vitamin B122024-11-29 10:47:42
Terry Naturally Sucontral D Blood Sugar Balance -- 120 CapsulesTerry NaturallyVitamins & SupplementsVitamin C, Biotin, Chromium, Vitamin E, Folate, Vitamin E, Cellulose powder, Vitamin B6, Riboflavin, Thiamin, Vitamin B12, Vitamin B62024-11-29 10:47:42
Terry Naturally Sucontral D Blood Sugar Balance -- 60 CapsulesTerry NaturallyVitamins & SupplementsVitamin C, Biotin, Chromium, Vitamin E, Folate, Vitamin E, Cellulose powder, Vitamin B6, Riboflavin, Thiamin, Vitamin B12, Vitamin B62024-11-29 10:47:42
The Good Patch B12 Awake Patches -- 4 PatchesThe Good PatchHerbs, Botanicals & Homeopathycyanocobalamin2024-11-29 10:47:42
Thompson All In One Multivitamin Iron Free -- 60 CapsulesThompsonVitamins & SupplementsVitamin C, Biotin, cellulose, Chromium, Vitamin E, Folic Acid, Vitamin E, Iodine, Manganese, Molybdenum, Niacin, Pantothenic Acid, Vitamin B6, Vitamin A, Riboflavin, Selenium, Thiamine, Vitamin B12, Vitamin B6, Vitamin D2, Vitamin K2024-11-29 10:47:42
Thompson B 100 Complex Timed-Release -- 60 TabletsThompsonVitamins & SupplementsPABA, Biotin, Cellulose, Choline, Folate, Inositol, Niacin, PABA, Pantothenic Acid, Vitamin B6, Riboflavin, stearic acid, Thiamin, Vitamin B12, Vitamin B62024-11-29 10:47:42
Thompson B 50 Complex -- 60 Vegetarian CapsulesThompsonVitamins & SupplementsPABA, Biotin, Folic Acid, Inositol, Niacin, PABA, Pantothenic Acid, Vitamin B6, Riboflavin, Thiamine, Vitamin B12, Vitamin B62024-11-29 10:47:42
Thompson B Complex plus Rice Bran -- 60 TabletsThompsonVitamins & SupplementsBiotin, Cellulose, Folic Acid, Inositol, Niacin, Pantothenic Acid, Vitamin B6, Riboflavin, Thiamin, Vitamin B12, Vitamin B62024-11-29 10:47:42
Thompson B12 Lozenge Cherry -- 1000 mcg - 30 LozengesThompsonVitamins & SupplementsFolic Acid, Vitamin B122024-11-29 10:47:42
Thompson Multi Formula for Women -- 60 CapsulesThompsonVitamins & SupplementsVitamin C, Biotin, cellulose, Chromium, Vitamin E, Folic Acid, Vitamin E, Iodine, Manganese, Molybdenum, Niacin, Pantothenic Acid, Vitamin B6, Vitamin A, Riboflavin, Selenium, Thiamin, calcium phosphate, Vitamin B12, Vitamin B62024-11-29 10:47:42
Thompson Multi-Vitamin with Minerals -- 120 TabletsThompsonVitamins & SupplementsVitamin C, Cellulose, Vitamin E, Folic Acid, Vitamin E, Iodine, Manganese, Niacin, Pantothenic Acid, Phosphorus, Vitamin B6, Vitamin A, Riboflavin, stearic acid, Thiamin, Vitamin B12, Vitamin B62024-11-29 10:47:42
Thompson Nuplex Multivitamin Multimineral with Iron -- 90 TabletsThompsonVitamins & SupplementsVitamin C, Cellulose, Vitamin E, Folic Acid, Vitamin E, Iodine, Manganese, Niacin, Pantothenic Acid, Phosphorus, Vitamin B6, Vitamin A, Riboflavin, stearic acid, Thiamin, Vitamin B12, Vitamin B62024-11-29 10:47:42
Thompson Nutritional Yeast Flakes -- 9.2 ozThompsonFood & BeveragesBiotin, folic acid, Niacin, pyridoxine HCl, Vitamin B6, Riboflavin, thiamine HCl, Thiamine, Vitamin B12, Vitamin B62024-11-29 10:47:42
Thorne Research B-Complex #12 -- 60 CapsulesThorne ResearchProfessional SupplementsBiotin, Choline, Folate, microcrystalline cellulose, Niacin, Pantothenic Acid, Vitamin B6, Riboflavin, Thiamine, Vitamin B12, Vitamin B62024-11-29 10:47:42
Thorne Research Basic B Complex -- 60 CapsulesThorne ResearchProfessional SupplementsBiotin, Choline, Folate, microcrystalline cellulose, leucine, magnesium citrate, Niacin, Pantothenic Acid, Vitamin B6, Riboflavin, Thiamin, Vitamin B12, Vitamin B62024-11-29 10:47:42
Thorne Research Basic Nutrient 2-Day -- 60 CapsulesThorne ResearchProfessional SupplementsVitamin C, Biotin, Boron, Calcium Pantothenate, dicalcium phosphate, Chromium, Vitamin E, Folate, d-Gamma Tocopherol, Vitamin E, Iodine, Lutein, Manganese, Niacin, Pantothenic Acid, Vitamin B6, Vitamin A, Riboflavin, Selenium, Thiamin, Vitamin B12, Vitamin B6, Vitamin K2024-11-29 10:47:42
Thorne Research Basic Nutrients 2 Day - NSF Certified for Sport -- 60 CapsulesThorne ResearchProfessional SupplementsVitamin C, Biotin, Boron, Calcium Pantothenate, dicalcium phosphate, Chromium, Vitamin E, Folate, d-Gamma Tocopherol, Vitamin E, Iodine, Lutein, Manganese, Niacin, Pantothenic Acid, Vitamin B6, Vitamin A, Riboflavin, Selenium, Thiamin, Vitamin B12, Vitamin B6, Vitamin K2024-11-29 10:47:42
Thorne Research Basic Prenatal -- 90 CapsulesThorne ResearchProfessional SupplementsVitamin C, Biotin, Boron, Chromium, Vitamin E, Folate, Vitamin E, Iodine, Manganese, Niacin, Pantothenic Acid, Vitamin B6, Vitamin A, Riboflavin, Selenium, Thiamine, Vitamin B12, Vitamin B6, Vitamin K2024-11-29 10:47:42
Thorne Research Ferrasorb -- 60 CapsulesThorne ResearchProfessional SupplementsVitamin C, Folate, microcrystalline cellulose, leucine, Vitamin B6, Vitamin B12, Vitamin B62024-11-29 10:47:42
Thorne Research Methyl-Guard -- 180 CapsulesThorne ResearchProfessional SupplementsBetaine Anhydrous, calcium citrate, Vitamin B6, Vitamin B12, Vitamin B62024-11-29 10:47:42
Thorne Research Methyl-Guard Plus -- 90 CapsulesThorne ResearchProfessional Supplementscalcium citrate, Vitamin B6, Riboflavin, Vitamin B12, Vitamin B62024-11-29 10:47:42
Thorne Research Stress B-Complex -- 60 CapsulesThorne ResearchProfessional SupplementsBiotin, Choline, Folate, microcrystalline cellulose, Niacin, Pantothenic Acid, Vitamin B6, Riboflavin, Thiamin, Vitamin B12, Vitamin B62024-11-29 10:47:42
Thorne Research Vitamin B12 as Methylcobalamin -- 1 mg - 60 CapsulesThorne ResearchProfessional Supplements Microcrystalline cellulose, leucine, Vitamin B122024-11-29 10:47:42
Titan Nutrition Enlite Mai Tai -- 30 ServingsTitan NutritionWeight ManagementVitamin C, Chromium, DMAE, Huperzine A, malic acid, N-Acetyl L-Tyrosine, Niacin, Vitamin B6, L-Taurine, sucralose, Vitamin B12, Vitamin B62024-11-29 10:47:42
Titan Nutrition Enlite Peach Sangria -- 30 ServingsTitan NutritionWeight ManagementVitamin C, Chromium, DMAE, Huperzine A, malic acid, N-Acetyl L-Tyrosine, Niacin, Vitamin B6, L-Taurine, sucralose, Vitamin B12, Vitamin B62024-11-29 10:47:42
Titan Nutrition Pump Cherry Luau -- 20 ServingsTitan NutritionActive Lifestyle & Fitness Citric acid, Vitamin C, Betaine Anhydrous, Citric acid, Huperzine A, malic acid, Vitamin B122024-11-29 10:47:42
Trace Minerals Research Electrolyte Stamina Power Pak Acai Berry -- 30 PacketsTrace Minerals ResearchActive Lifestyle & Fitnesscitric acid, Vitamin C, Boron, Chloride, Chromium, citric acid, Folate, Manganese, Niacin, Pantothenic Acid, Potassium Citrate, Vitamin B6, Selenium, Alpha-Lipoic Acid, Vitamin B12, Vitamin B62024-11-29 10:47:42
Trace Minerals Research Electrolyte Stamina Power Pak Cherry Lime -- 30 PacketsTrace Minerals ResearchActive Lifestyle & FitnessVitamin C, Boron, Chloride, Chromium, Folate, malic acid, Manganese, Niacin, Pantothenic Acid, Potassium Citrate, Vitamin B6, Selenium, Alpha Lipoic Acid, Vitamin B12, Vitamin B62024-11-29 10:47:42
Trace Minerals Research Electrolyte Stamina Power Pak Cranberry -- 30 PacketsTrace Minerals ResearchActive Lifestyle & Fitnesscitric acid, Vitamin C, Boron, Chloride, Chromium, citric acid, Folate, malic acid, Manganese, Niacin, Pantothenic Acid, Potassium Citrate, Vitamin B6, Selenium, tartaric acid, Alpha Lipoic Acid, Vitamin B12, Vitamin B62024-11-29 10:47:42
Trace Minerals Research Electrolyte Stamina Power Pak Grape -- 30 PacketsTrace Minerals ResearchActive Lifestyle & Fitnesscitric acid, Vitamin C, Boron, Chloride, Chromium, citric acid, Folate, malic acid, Manganese, Niacin, Pantothenic Acid, Potassium Citrate, Vitamin B6, Selenium, Alpha Lipoic Acid, Vitamin B12, Vitamin B62024-11-29 10:47:42
Trace Minerals Research Electrolyte Stamina Power Pak Guava Passion Fruit -- 30 PacketsTrace Minerals ResearchActive Lifestyle & Fitnesscitric acid, Vitamin C, Boron, Chloride, Chromium, citric acid, Folate, glycosides, malic acid, Manganese, Niacin, Pantothenic Acid, Potassium Citrate, Vitamin B6, Selenium, steviol, Alpha-Lipoic Acid, Vitamin B12, Vitamin B62024-11-29 10:47:42
Trace Minerals Research Electrolyte Stamina Power Pak Lemon Lime -- 30 PacketsTrace Minerals ResearchActive Lifestyle & Fitnesscitric acid, Vitamin C, Boron, Chloride, Chromium, citric acid, Folate, malic acid, Manganese, Niacin, Pantothenic Acid, Potassium Citrate, Vitamin B6, Selenium, Thiamin, Alpha Lipoic Acid, Vitamin B12, Vitamin B62024-11-29 10:47:42
Trace Minerals Research Electrolyte Stamina Power Pak Mixed Berry -- 30 PacketsTrace Minerals ResearchActive Lifestyle & FitnessVitamin C, Boron, Chloride, Chromium, Folate, Manganese, Niacin, Pantothenic Acid, Potassium Citrate, Vitamin B6, Selenium, Alpha-Lipoic Acid, Vitamin B12, Vitamin B62024-11-29 10:47:42
Trace Minerals Research Electrolyte Stamina Power Pak Orange Blast -- 30 PacketsTrace Minerals ResearchActive Lifestyle & Fitnessorange, citric acid, Vitamin C, Boron, Chloride, Chromium, citric acid, Folate, malic acid, Manganese, Niacin, Pantothenic Acid, Potassium Citrate, Vitamin B6, Selenium, Thiamin, Alpha Lipoic Acid, Vitamin B12, Vitamin B62024-11-29 10:47:42
Trace Minerals Research Electrolyte Stamina Power Pak Pineapple Coconut -- 30 PacketsTrace Minerals ResearchActive Lifestyle & FitnessVitamin C, Boron, Chloride, Chromium, Folate, Manganese, Niacin, Pantothenic Acid, Potassium Citrate, Vitamin B6, Selenium, sugar, Alpha-Lipoic Acid, Vitamin B12, Vitamin B62024-11-29 10:47:42
Trace Minerals Research Electrolyte Stamina Power Pak Pomegranate Blueberry -- 30 PacketsTrace Minerals ResearchActive Lifestyle & Fitnesscitric acid, Vitamin C, Boron, Chloride, Chromium, citric acid, Folate, malic acid, Manganese, Niacin, Pantothenic Acid, Potassium Citrate, Vitamin B6, Selenium, Alpha-Lipoic Acid, Vitamin B12, Vitamin B62024-11-29 10:47:42
Trace Minerals Research Electrolyte Stamina Power Pak Raspberry -- 30 PacketsTrace Minerals ResearchActive Lifestyle & FitnessVitamin C, Boron, Chloride, Chromium, Folate, malic acid, Manganese, Niacin, Pantothenic Acid, Potassium Citrate, Vitamin B6, Selenium, Thiamin, Alpha-Lipoic Acid, Vitamin B12, Vitamin B62024-11-29 10:47:42
Trace Minerals Research Electrolyte Stamina Power Pak Tangerine -- 30 PacketsTrace Minerals ResearchActive Lifestyle & FitnessVitamin C, Boron, Chloride, Chromium, Folate, malic acid, Manganese, Niacin, Pantothenic Acid, Potassium Citrate, Vitamin B6, Selenium, Alpha-Lipoic Acid, Vitamin B12, Vitamin B62024-11-29 10:47:42
Trace Minerals Research Electrolyte Stamina Power Pak + Immunity Lemon Berry -- 30 PacketsTrace Minerals ResearchActive Lifestyle & FitnessVitamin C, Boron, Chloride, Vitamin D3, Chromium, Folate, malic acid, Manganese, Niacin, Pantothenic Acid, Potassium Citrate, Vitamin B6, Selenium, Alpha-Lipoic Acid, vanilla, Vitamin B12, Vitamin B62024-11-29 10:47:42
Trace Minerals Research Electrolyte Stamina Power Pak Sugar Free Citrus -- 30 PacketsTrace Minerals ResearchActive Lifestyle & Fitnesscitric acid, Vitamin C, Boron, Chloride, Chromium, citric acid, Folate, malic acid, Manganese, Niacin, Pantothenic Acid, Potassium Citrate, Vitamin B6, Selenium, Alpha-Lipoic Acid, Vitamin B12, Vitamin B6, Xylitol2024-11-29 10:47:42
Trace Minerals Research Electrolyte Stamina Power Pak Sugar Free Orange Mango -- 30 PacketsTrace Minerals ResearchActive Lifestyle & Fitnessorange, Vitamin C, Boron, Chloride, Chromium, Folate, malic acid, Manganese, Niacin, Pantothenic Acid, Potassium Citrate, Vitamin B6, Selenium, Alpha-Lipoic Acid, Vitamin B12, Vitamin B6, Xylitol2024-11-29 10:47:42
Trace Minerals Research Electrolyte Stamina PowerPak Watermelon -- 30 PacketsTrace Minerals ResearchActive Lifestyle & FitnessVitamin C, Boron, Chloride, Chromium, Folate, malic acid, Manganese, Niacin, Pantothenic Acid, Potassium Citrate, Vitamin B6, Selenium, tartaric acid, Alpha Lipoic Acid, Vitamin B12, Vitamin B62024-11-29 10:47:42
Trace Minerals Research Ionic B12 Dietary Supplement Grape -- 1000 mcg - 2 fl ozTrace Minerals ResearchVitamins & Supplements Glycerin, Vitamin B122024-11-29 10:47:42
Trace Minerals Research Liquid Multi Vitamin-Mineral Tropical Mixed Berry -- 30 fl ozTrace Minerals ResearchVitamins & Supplementscitric acid, Vitamin C, Biotin, Boron, Calcium Citrate, Vitamin D3, Choline, Chromium, citric acid, Vitamin E, Folate, Vitamin E, Inositol, Iodine, Manganese, Vitamin K2, Vitamin K2, Molybdenum, Niacin, Pantothenic Acid, Phosphorus, Vitamin B6, Vitamin A, Selenium, Thiamine, Tricalcium Phosphate, Vitamin B12, Vitamin B6, xylitol2024-11-29 10:47:42
TransformHQ Boost Shot Energy Drink Mix - 28 Servings Blue Raspberry -- 4.8 ozTransformHQActive Lifestyle & FitnessFolic Acid, Vitamin B3, Vitamin B6, Vitamin B12, Vitamin B62024-11-29 10:47:42
TransformHQ Boost Shot Energy Drink Mix - 28 Servings Peach Mango -- 4.2 ozTransformHQActive Lifestyle & FitnessFolic Acid, Vitamin B3, Vitamin B6, Vitamin B12, Vitamin B62024-11-29 10:47:42
TransformHQ Boost Shot Energy Drink Mix - 28 Servings Pina Colada -- 6.2 ozTransformHQActive Lifestyle & FitnessFolic Acid, Vitamin B3, Vitamin B6, Vitamin B12, Vitamin B62024-11-29 10:47:42
TransformHQ Boost Shot Energy Drink Mix - 28 Servings Strawberry Lemonade -- 4.6 ozTransformHQActive Lifestyle & FitnessFolic Acid, Vitamin B3, Vitamin B6, Vitamin B12, Vitamin B62024-11-29 10:47:42
TransformHQ Hydration Mix - 42 Servings Blue Raspberry -- 0.4 lbsTransformHQActive Lifestyle & FitnessFolate, Niacin, Vitamin B6, Vitamin B12, Vitamin B62024-11-29 10:47:42
TransformHQ Hydration Mix - 42 Servings Cherry Limeade -- 0.32 lbsTransformHQActive Lifestyle & FitnessFolate, Niacin, Vitamin B6, Vitamin B12, Vitamin B62024-11-29 10:47:42
TransformHQ Hydration Mix - 42 Servings Peach Mango -- 0.3 lbsTransformHQActive Lifestyle & FitnessFolate, Niacin, Vitamin B6, Vitamin B12, Vitamin B62024-11-29 10:47:42
TransformHQ Hydration Mix - 42 Servings Pina Colada -- 0.3 lbsTransformHQActive Lifestyle & FitnessFolate, Niacin, Vitamin B6, Vitamin B12, Vitamin B62024-11-29 10:47:42
TransformHQ Hydration Mix - 42 Servings Strawberry Lemonade -- 0.4 lbsTransformHQActive Lifestyle & FitnessFolate, Niacin, Vitamin B6, Vitamin B12, Vitamin B62024-11-29 10:47:42
TransformHQ Meal Replacement Shake - 28 Servings Chocolate -- 2.6 lbsTransformHQActive Lifestyle & Fitnessd-alpha tocopheryl succinate, D-calcium pantothenate, vitamin D3, Vitamin E, Folate, vitamin E, Niacin, niacinamide, Pantothenic Acid, pyridoxine HCI, Vitamin B6, vitamin B2, Thiamin, vitamin B1, sucralose, vitamin B12, vitamin B62024-11-29 10:47:42
TransformHQ Meal Replacement Shake - 28 Servings Chocolate Peanut Butter -- 2.5 lbsTransformHQActive Lifestyle & Fitnessd-alpha tocopheryl succinate, D-calcium pantothenate, vitamin D3, Vitamin E, Folate, vitamin E, Niacin, niacinamide, Pantothenic Acid, Phosphorus, pyridoxine HCI, Vitamin B6, vitamin B2, Thiamin, sucralose, vitamin B12, vitamin B62024-11-29 10:47:42
TransformHQ Meal Replacement Shake - 28 Servings Cookies & Cream -- 2.7 lbsTransformHQActive Lifestyle & Fitnessd-alpha tocopheryl succinate, D-calcium pantothenate, vitamin D3, vitamin E, Folate, vitamin E, Niacin, niacinamide, Pantothenic Acid, Phosphorus, pyridoxine HCI, Vitamin B6, vitamin B2, Thiamin, sucralose, vitamin B12, vitamin B62024-11-29 10:47:42
TransformHQ Meal Replacement Shake - 28 Servings Orange Cream -- 2.5 lbsTransformHQActive Lifestyle & Fitnessd-alpha tocopheryl succinate, D-calcium pantothenate, vitamin D3, Vitamin E, Folate, vitamin E, Niacin, niacinamide, Pantothenic Acid, Phosphorus, pyridoxine HCI, Vitamin B6, vitamin B2, Thiamin, sucralose, vitamin B12, vitamin B62024-11-29 10:47:42
TransformHQ Meal Replacement Shake - 28 Servings Pineapple Whip -- 2.5 lbsTransformHQActive Lifestyle & Fitnessbeta-carotene, Vitamin E, Folate, Vitamin E, Niacin, Pantothenic Acid, Vitamin B6, Riboflavin, Thiamin, sucralose, Vitamin B12, Vitamin B62024-11-29 10:47:42
TransformHQ Meal Replacement Shake - 28 Servings Strawberries & Cream -- 2.5 lbsTransformHQActive Lifestyle & Fitnessd-alpha tocopheryl succinate, D-calcium pantothenate, vitamin D3, vitamin E, Folate, vitamin E, Niacin, niacinamide, Pantothenic Acid, Phosphorus, pyridoxine HCI, Vitamin B6, vitamin B2, Thiamin, sucralose, vitamin B12, vitamin B62024-11-29 10:47:42
TransformHQ Meal Replacement Shake - 28 Servings Vanilla -- 2.5 lbsTransformHQActive Lifestyle & Fitnessd-alpha tocopheryl succinate, D-calcium pantothenate, vitamin D3, Vitamin E, Folate, vitamin E, Niacin, niacinamide, Pantothenic Acid, pyridoxine HCI, Vitamin B6, vitamin B2, Thiamin, vitamin B1, sucralose, vitamin B12, vitamin B62024-11-29 10:47:42
TransformHQ Meal Replacement Shake - 7 Servings Chocolate -- 10.5 ozTransformHQActive Lifestyle & Fitnessd-alpha tocopheryl succinate, D-calcium pantothenate, vitamin D3, Vitamin E, Folate, vitamin E, Niacin, niacinamide, Pantothenic Acid, pyridoxine HCI, Vitamin B6, vitamin B2, Thiamin, vitamin B1, sucralose, vitamin B12, vitamin B62024-11-29 10:47:42
TransformHQ Meal Replacement Shake - 7 Servings Chocolate Peanut Butter -- 10.1 ozTransformHQActive Lifestyle & Fitnessd-alpha tocopheryl succinate, D-calcium pantothenate, vitamin D3, Vitamin E, Folate, vitamin E, Niacin, niacinamide, Pantothenic Acid, Phosphorus, pyridoxine HCI, Vitamin B6, vitamin B2, Thiamin, sucralose, vitamin B12, vitamin B62024-11-29 10:47:42
TransformHQ Meal Replacement Shake - 7 Servings Cookies & Cream -- 11.1 ozTransformHQActive Lifestyle & Fitnessd-alpha tocopheryl succinate, D-calcium pantothenate, vitamin D3, vitamin E, Folate, vitamin E, Niacin, niacinamide, Pantothenic Acid, Phosphorus, pyridoxine HCI, Vitamin B6, vitamin B2, Thiamin, sucralose, vitamin B12, vitamin B62024-11-29 10:47:42
TransformHQ Meal Replacement Shake - 7 Servings Strawberries & Cream -- 10.1 ozTransformHQActive Lifestyle & Fitnessd-alpha tocopheryl succinate, D-calcium pantothenate, vitamin D3, vitamin E, Folate, vitamin E, Niacin, niacinamide, Pantothenic Acid, Phosphorus, pyridoxine HCI, Vitamin B6, vitamin B2, Thiamin, sucralose, vitamin B12, vitamin B62024-11-29 10:47:42
TransformHQ Meal Replacement Shake - 7 Servings Vanilla -- 10 ozTransformHQActive Lifestyle & Fitnessd-alpha tocopheryl succinate, D-calcium pantothenate, vitamin D3, Vitamin E, Folate, vitamin E, Niacin, niacinamide, Pantothenic Acid, pyridoxine HCI, Vitamin B6, vitamin B2, Thiamin, vitamin B1, sucralose, vitamin B12, vitamin B62024-11-29 10:47:42
Tropical Oasis Adult Multi-Vitamin Mineral -- 16 fl ozTropical OasisVitamins & SupplementsVitamin C, Biotin, Vitamin E, Folic Acid, Vitamin E, Niacin, Pantothenic Acid, Vitamin B6, Quercetin, Vitamin A, Riboflavin, Thiamin Hydrochloride, Vitamin B12, Vitamin B6, xylitol2024-11-29 10:47:42
Tropical Oasis Liquid B-Complex -- 16 fl ozTropical OasisVitamins & Supplementscitric acid, Biotin, Choline, citric acid, Folic Acid, Inositol, Niacin, Pantothenic Acid, Vitamin B6, Riboflavin, Thiamin, Vitamin B12, Vitamin B6, xylitol2024-11-29 10:47:42
Tropical Oasis Mega Premium Multi-Vitamin -- 32 fl ozTropical OasisVitamins & SupplementsPABA, Vitamin C, Biotin, Choline, CoQ10, Vitamin E, Folate, Vitamin E, Inositol, Vitamin B3, PABA, Pantothenic Acid, Vitamin B6, Quercetin, Vitamin A, Vitamin B2, Vitamin B1, Vitamin B12, Vitamin B6, xylitol2024-11-29 10:47:42
True Grace Prenatal Multivitamin -- 120 Vegan TabletsTrue GraceVitamins & SupplementsVitamin C, Biotin, Choline, Chromium, Vitamin E, Folate, Vitamin E, Iodine, Manganese, Vitamin K2, Vitamin K2, Molybdenum, Niacin, Pantothenic Acid, Vitamin B6, Vitamin A, Riboflavin, Selenium, Thiamin, Vitamin B12, Vitamin B6, Vitamin K2024-11-29 10:47:42
True Grace Prenatal Multivitamin -- 60 Vegan TabletsTrue GraceVitamins & SupplementsVitamin C, Biotin, Choline, Chromium, Vitamin E, Folate, Vitamin E, Iodine, Manganese, Vitamin K2, Vitamin K2, Molybdenum, Niacin, Pantothenic Acid, Vitamin B6, Vitamin A, Riboflavin, Selenium, Thiamin, Vitamin B12, Vitamin B6, Vitamin K2024-11-29 10:47:42
TruLabs Hydrate Peach Mango -- 6 PacketsTruLabsActive Lifestyle & Fitnesscitric acid, Vitamin C, calcium citrate, d-calcium pantothenate, Chloride, cholecalciferol, Chromium, citric acid, copper gluconate, malic acid, Niacin, Pantothenic Acid, potassium citrate, pyridoxine hydrochloride, Vitamin B6, Vitamin B2, Selenium, thiamine hydrochloride, Thiamin, vitamin B1, vanadium, vanadyl sulfate, vitamin B12, vitamin B62024-11-29 10:47:42
TruLabs Hydrate + Detox Tropical Punch -- 6 PacketsTruLabsActive Lifestyle & Fitnesscitric acid, dihydromyricetin, Vitamin C, calcium citrate, d-calcium pantothenate, Chloride, cholecalciferol, Chromium, citric acid, copper gluconate, malic acid, Niacin, Pantothenic Acid, potassium citrate, pyridoxine hydrochloride, Vitamin B6, vitamin B2, Selenium, thiamine hydrochloride, Thiamin, vitamin B1, vanadium, vanadyl sulfate, vitamin B12, vitamin B62024-11-29 10:47:42
TruLabs Hydrate + Organic Greens Green Apple -- 6 PacketsTruLabsActive Lifestyle & Fitnesscitric acid, Vitamin C, calcium citrate, d-calcium pantothenate, Chloride, cholecalciferol, Chromium, citric acid, copper gluconate, malic acid, Niacin, Pantothenic Acid, Phosphorus, potassium citrate, pyridoxine hydrochloride, Vitamin B6, vitamin B2, Selenium, thiamine hydrochloride, Thiamin, vitamin B1, vanadium, vanadyl sulfate, vitamin B12, vitamin B62024-11-29 10:47:42
Twinlab B-12 Dots -- 500 mcg - 250 TabletsTwinlabVitamins & Supplements Cellulose, sorbitol, Vitamin B122024-11-29 10:47:42
Twinlab Choline Cocktail™ -- 750 mg - 13.33 ozTwinlabVitamins & Supplementscitric acid, Vitamin C, Biotin, Choline, Chromium, citric acid, Coenzyme Q10, Vitamin E, fructose, DMAE, Folate, Vitamin E, L-Carnitine, Maltodextrin, Niacin, Pantothenic Acid, Vitamin B6, Reb A, Vitamin A, Riboflavin, Thiamin, Vitamin B12, Vitamin B62024-11-29 10:47:42
Twinlab Daily One Caps For Women -- 60 CapsulesTwinlabVitamins & Supplements Agnuside, Vitamin C, Biotin, Vitamin D3, Choline, Chromium, Vitamin E, riboflavin-5'-phosphate, Folate, Vitamin E, Inositol, Iodine, Manganese, Vitamin K2, Vitamin K2, Molybdenum, Niacin, Pantothenic Acid, pyridoxal-5'-phosphate, pyridoxine HCI, Vitamin B6, Vitamin A, Vitamin B2, Selenium, Vitamin B1, Vitamin B12, Vitamin B62024-11-29 10:47:42
Twinlab Daily One Caps without Iron -- 180 CapsulesTwinlabVitamins & SupplementsVitamin C, Biotin, Choline, Chromium, Vitamin E, Folate, Vitamin E, Inositol, Iodine, Manganese, Molybdenum, Niacin, Pantothenic Acid, Vitamin B6, Vitamin A, Riboflavin, Selenium, Thiamin, Vitamin B12, Vitamin B62024-11-29 10:47:42
Twinlab Stress B-Complex Caps -- 100 CapsulesTwinlabVitamins & SupplementsPABA, Vitamin C, Biotin, Folic Acid, Inositol, Niacin, PABA, Pantothenic Acid, Vitamin B6, Vitamin B2, Thiamin, Vitamin B12, Vitamin B62024-11-29 10:47:42
Twinlab Stress B-Complex Caps -- 250 CapsulesTwinlabVitamins & SupplementsPABA, Vitamin C, Biotin, Choline, Folate, Inositol, Niacin, PABA, Pantothenic Acid, Vitamin B6, Riboflavin, Thiamin, Vitamin B12, Vitamin B62024-11-29 10:47:42
Type Zero Clean Pre Workout Cherry Limeade -- 21 ServingsType ZeroActive Lifestyle & Fitnesscitric acid, Vitamin C, Beta-Alanine, Betaine Anhydrous, Chromium, citric acid, GABA, N-Acetyl L-Tyrosine, Vitamin B122024-11-29 10:47:42
Type Zero Clean Pre Workout Fruit Punch -- 21 ServingsType ZeroActive Lifestyle & Fitnesscitric acid, Vitamin C, Beta-Alanine, Betaine Anhydrous, Chromium, citric acid, GABA, N-Acetyl L-Tyrosine, Vitamin B122024-11-29 10:47:42
Upspring Milkflow Breast Milk Supply Support Drink Mix Chocolate -- 16 PacketsUpspringBaby & Kids Productscitric acid, Biotin, dibasic calcium phosphate, dextrin, citric acid, maltodextrin, propylene glycol, Riboflavin, Cane sugar, Vitamin B122024-11-29 10:47:42
Vega Essentials Shake Plant-Based Powder Chocolate -- 30 ServingsVegaActive Lifestyle & FitnessB2, Vitamin C, Biotin, Vitamin E, Vitamin E, Niacin, Pantothenic Acid, Phosphorus, Vitamin B6, Vitamin A, Riboflavin, Thiamin, Vitamin B12, Vitamin B6, Vitamin K2024-11-29 10:47:42
Vega Essentials Shake Plant-Based Powder Vanilla -- 30 ServingsVegaActive Lifestyle & FitnessB2, Vitamin C, Biotin, Vitamin E, Vitamin E, Niacin, Pantothenic Acid, Phosphorus, Vitamin B6, Vitamin A, Riboflavin, Thiamin, Vitamin B12, Vitamin B6, Vitamin K2024-11-29 10:47:42
Vega Organic All-in-One Vegan Protein Powder Berry -- 18 ServingsVegaActive Lifestyle & FitnessB2, citric acid, Vitamin C, Biotin, citric acid, Folate, Manganese, Niacin, Pantothenic Acid, Phosphorus, Vitamin B6, Vitamin A, Riboflavin, Thiamin, Vitamin B12, Vitamin B6, Vitamin K2024-11-29 10:47:42
Vega Organic All-in-One Vegan Protein Powder Berry -- 9 ServingsVegaActive Lifestyle & FitnessB2, citric acid, Vitamin C, Biotin, citric acid, Folate, Manganese, Niacin, Pantothenic Acid, Phosphorus, Vitamin B6, Vitamin A, Riboflavin, Thiamin, Vitamin B12, Vitamin B6, Vitamin K2024-11-29 10:47:42
Vega Organic All-in-One Vegan Protein Powder Chocolate -- 10 PacketsVegaActive Lifestyle & FitnessB2, Vitamin C, Biotin, Folate, Manganese, Niacin, Pantothenic Acid, Phosphorus, Vitamin B6, Vitamin A, Riboflavin, Thiamin, Vitamin B12, Vitamin B6, Vitamin K2024-11-29 10:47:42
Vega Organic All-in-One Vegan Protein Powder Chocolate -- 17 ServingsVegaActive Lifestyle & FitnessB2, Vitamin C, Biotin, Folate, Manganese, Niacin, Pantothenic Acid, Phosphorus, Vitamin B6, Vitamin A, Riboflavin, Thiamin, Vitamin B12, Vitamin B6, Vitamin K2024-11-29 10:47:42
Vega Organic All-in-One Vegan Protein Powder Chocolate -- 42 ServingsVegaActive Lifestyle & FitnessVitamin C, Biotin, Choline, Folate, Niacin, Pantothenic Acid, Phosphorus, Vitamin B6, Vitamin A, Riboflavin, Thiamin, Vitamin B12, Vitamin B6, Vitamin K2024-11-29 10:47:42
Vega Organic All-in-One Vegan Protein Powder Chocolate -- 9 ServingsVegaActive Lifestyle & FitnessB2, Vitamin C, Biotin, Folate, Manganese, Niacin, Pantothenic Acid, Phosphorus, Vitamin B6, Vitamin A, Riboflavin, Thiamin, Vitamin B12, Vitamin B6, Vitamin K2024-11-29 10:47:42
Vega Organic All-in-One Vegan Protein Powder Coconut Almond -- 18 ServingsVegaActive Lifestyle & FitnessB2, Vitamin C, Biotin, Folate, Manganese, Niacin, Pantothenic Acid, Phosphorus, Vitamin B6, Vitamin A, Riboflavin, Thiamin, Vitamin B12, Vitamin B6, Vitamin K2024-11-29 10:47:42
Vega Organic All-in-One Vegan Protein Powder French Vanilla -- 10 PacketsVegaActive Lifestyle & FitnessB2, Vitamin C, Biotin, Choline, Folate, Manganese, Niacin, Pantothenic Acid, Phosphorus, Vitamin B6, Vitamin A, Riboflavin, Thiamin, Vitamin B12, Vitamin B6, Vitamin K2024-11-29 10:47:42
Vega Organic All-in-One Vegan Protein Powder French Vanilla -- 18 ServingsVegaActive Lifestyle & FitnessB2, citric acid, Vitamin C, Biotin, citric acid, Folate, Manganese, Niacin, Pantothenic Acid, Phosphorus, Vitamin B6, Vitamin A, Riboflavin, Thiamin, Vitamin B12, Vitamin B6, Vitamin K2024-11-29 10:47:42
Vega Organic All-in-One Vegan Protein Powder French Vanilla -- 43 ServingsVegaActive Lifestyle & FitnessB2, citric acid, Vitamin C, Biotin, citric acid, Folate, Manganese, Niacin, Pantothenic Acid, Phosphorus, Vitamin B6, Vitamin A, Riboflavin, Thiamin, Vitamin B12, Vitamin B6, Vitamin K2024-11-29 10:47:42
Vega Organic All-in-One Vegan Protein Powder French Vanilla -- 9 ServingsVegaActive Lifestyle & FitnessB2, citric acid, Vitamin C, Biotin, citric acid, Folate, Manganese, Niacin, Pantothenic Acid, Phosphorus, Vitamin B6, Vitamin A, Riboflavin, Thiamin, Vitamin B12, Vitamin B6, Vitamin K2024-11-29 10:47:42
Vega Organic All-in-One Vegan Protein Powder Plain -- 20 ServingsVegaActive Lifestyle & FitnessB2, citric acid, Vitamin C, Biotin, citric acid, Folate, Manganese, Niacin, Pantothenic Acid, Phosphorus, Vitamin B6, Vitamin A, Riboflavin, Thiamin, Vitamin B12, Vitamin B6, Vitamin K2024-11-29 10:47:42
Vega Sport® Premium Energizer Acai Berry -- 25 ServingsVegaActive Lifestyle & Fitnesscitric acid, Caffeine, citric acid, malic acid, Rosavins, Vitamin B122024-11-29 10:47:42
Vega Sport® Premium Energizer Strawberry Lemonade -- 25 ServingsVegaActive Lifestyle & Fitnesscitric acid, Caffeine, citric acid, malic acid, Rosavins, Vitamin B122024-11-29 10:47:42
VegLife Vegan B-Complex -- 100 TabletsVegLifeVitamins & SupplementsPABA, Biotin, Folate, Inositol, Niacin, PABA, Pantothenic Acid, Vitamin B6, Riboflavin, stearic acid, Thiamine, Vitamin B12, Vitamin B62024-11-29 10:47:42
VegLife Vegan Iron -- 25 mg - 100 TabletsVegLifeVitamins & SupplementsVitamin C, Folate, stearic acid, Vitamin B122024-11-29 10:47:42
VegLife Vegan One Multiple with Iron -- 60 TabletsVegLifeVitamins & SupplementsPABA, Vitamin C, Biotin, calcium citrate, Choline, Chromium, Vitamin E, Folate, Vitamin E, Inositol, Iodine, Manganese, Molybdenum, Niacin, PABA, Pantothenic Acid, Vitamin B6, Vitamin A, Riboflavin, Selenium, stearic acid, Thiamine, calcium phosphate, Vitamin B12, Vitamin B62024-11-29 10:47:42
VegLife Vegan One™ Multiple Iron-Free -- 60 TabletsVegLifeVitamins & SupplementsPABA, Vitamin C, Biotin, calcium citrate, Choline, Chromium, Vitamin E, Folate, Vitamin E, Inositol, Iodine, Manganese, Molybdenum, Niacin, PABA, Pantothenic Acid, Vitamin B6, Vitamin A, Riboflavin, Selenium, montmorillonite clay, stearic acid, Thiamine, calcium phosphate, Vitamin B12, Vitamin B62024-11-29 10:47:42
VegLife Vital Teen™ Boys Multiple -- 60 Vegan CapsulesVegLifeVitamins & SupplementsPABA, Vitamin C, Biotin, Chromium, Vitamin E, Folate, Vitamin E, Iodine, L-carnitine, maltodextrin, Manganese, Niacin, PABA, Pantothenic Acid, Vitamin B6, Vitamin A, Riboflavin, Selenium, Thiamine, Vitamin B12, Vitamin B62024-11-29 10:47:42
VegLife Vital Teen™ Girls Multiple -- 60 Vegan CapsulesVegLifeVitamins & SupplementsPABA, Vitamin C, Biotin, Chromium, Vitamin E, Folate, Vitamin E, Iodine, maltodextrin, Manganese, Niacin, PABA, Pantothenic Acid, Vitamin B6, Vitamin A, Riboflavin, Selenium, Thiamine, Vitamin B12, Vitamin B62024-11-29 10:47:42
Vibrant Health Green Vibrance -- 240 Veggie CapsVibrant HealthVitamins & SupplementsLipase, Policosanol, Larch Arabinogalactan, Vitamin C, Cellulase, Vitamin D3, Vitamin E, Vitamin E, Vitamin A, Vitamin B12, Vitamin K2024-11-29 10:47:42
Vibrant Health Green Vibrance Pouch -- 23.83 ozVibrant HealthVitamins & SupplementsLipase, Vitamin C, Cellulase, Chromium, Vitamin E, Folate, Vitamin E, Iodine, Phosphorus, Vitamin A, Vitamin B12, Vitamin K2024-11-29 10:47:42
Vibrant Health Green Vibrance Powder -- 15 PacketsVibrant HealthVitamins & SupplementsVitamin C, Chromium, Vitamin E, Vitamin E, Iodide, Vitamin A, Selenium, Vitamin B12, Vitamin K2024-11-29 10:47:42
Vibrant Health Green Vibrance Powder -- 23.37 ozVibrant HealthVitamins & SupplementsLipase, Vitamin C, Cellulase, Chromium, Vitamin E, Folate, Vitamin E, Iodine, Phosphorus, Vitamin A, Selenium, Vitamin B12, Vitamin K2024-11-29 10:47:42
Vibrant Health Green Vibrance Powder -- 6.26 ozVibrant HealthVitamins & SupplementsLipase, Vitamin C, Cellulase, Chromium, Vitamin E, Vitamin E, Iodine, Vitamin A, Selenium, Vitamin B12, Vitamin K2024-11-29 10:47:42
Vibrant Health Green Vibrance Powder -- 83 ServingsVibrant HealthVitamins & SupplementsLipase, Vitamin C, Cellulase, Chromium, Vitamin E, Folate, Vitamin E, Iodine, Phosphorus, Vitamin A, Vitamin B12, Vitamin K2024-11-29 10:47:42
Vibrant Health Green Vibrance® Powder -- 30 ServingsVibrant HealthVitamins & SupplementsLipase, Vitamin C, Cellulase, Vitamin D3, Chromium, Vitamin E, Vitamin E, Iodine, Mustard, Vitamin A, Selenium, Vitamin B12, Vitamin K2024-11-29 10:47:42
Vibrant Health Maximum Vibrance Chocolate -- 28.2 ozVibrant HealthVitamins & SupplementsLipase, Policosanol, Larch Arabinogalactan, Vitamin C, Astaxanthin, Biotin, Cellulase, Vitamin D3, Chromium, Vitamin E, Vitamin B9, Vitamin E, Iodine, Lycopene, L-Lysine, Manganese, Vitamin B3, Vitamin B5, Phosphorus, Vitamin B6, Vitamin A, Vitamin B2, Selenium, Silicon, Vitamin B1, L-Valine, Vitamin B12, Vitamin B6, Vitamin K2024-11-29 10:47:42
Vitacost B-50 Complex -- 100 CapsulesVitacost BrandVitamins & SupplementsBiotin, Choline, riboflavin 5'-phosphate, Folate, Inositol, Niacin, Pantothenic Acid, Vitamin B6, Riboflavin, Thiamin, Vitamin B12, Vitamin B62024-11-29 10:47:42
Vitacost-Synergy 3000 Multivitamin -- 180 CapsulesVitacost-SynergyVitamins & SupplementsVitamin C, d-beta tocopherol, Biotin, Boron, calcium citrate, cholecalciferol, Chromium, Coenzyme Q10, Vitamin E, d-delta tocopherol, Folate, Vitamin E, Iodine, Lutein, Manganese, Molybdenum, Niacin, Pantothenic Acid, Vitamin B6, Quercetin, retinyl palmitate, Vitamin A, Riboflavin, Selenium, Thiamin, Alpha Lipoic Acid, Vitamin B12, Vitamin B6, phytonadione, Vitamin K, Zeaxanthin2024-11-29 10:47:42
Vitacost-Synergy Basic® Multivitamin -- 60 CapsulesVitacost-SynergyVitamins & Supplementsd-alpha tocopheryl succinate, Vitamin C, d-beta tocopherol, Biotin, dicalcium phosphate, Chromium, Coenzyme Q10, Vitamin E, d-delta tocopherol, Folate, Vitamin E, Iodine, Lutein, Manganese, Molybdenum, Niacin, Pantothenic Acid, Vitamin B6, Quercetin, Vitamin A, Riboflavin, Selenium, Thiamin, Alpha Lipoic Acid, Vitamin B12, Vitamin B6, phytonadione, Vitamin K, Zeaxanthin2024-11-29 10:47:42
Vitacost-Synergy Hair Skin & Nails Formula† -- 120 CapsulesVitacost-SynergyVitamins & SupplementsVitamin C, Biotin, Methylsulfonylmethane, Folate, Niacin, Pantothenic Acid, Vitamin B6, Vitamin A, Selenium, Thiamin, Vitamin B12, Vitamin B62024-11-29 10:47:42
Vitacost-Synergy Mitochondrial Energy Booster† 15-Nutrient Blend -- 120 CapsulesVitacost-SynergyVitamins & SupplementsBenfotiamine, cholecalciferol, Chromium, Coenzyme Q10, Vitamin E, Vitamin E, microcrystalline cellulose, D3, Niacin, Vitamin B6, Riboflavin, Selenium, Thiamin, Alpha Lipoic Acid, Vitamin B12, Vitamin B62024-11-29 10:47:42
Vitacost-Synergy Once Daily® Multivitamin -- 60 CapsulesVitacost-SynergyVitamins & SupplementsVitamin C, Biotin, Chromium, Coenzyme Q10, Vitamin E, Folate, Vitamin E, microcrystalline cellulose, Iodine, Lutein, Manganese, Molybdenum, Niacin, Pantothenic Acid, Vitamin B6, Quercetin, Vitamin A, Riboflavin, Selenium, Thiamin, Alpha Lipoic Acid, Vitamin B12, Vitamin B6, Vitamin K, Zeaxanthin2024-11-29 10:47:42
Vitacost-Synergy Optimized B-100 Complex Enhanced Absorption -- 60 CapsulesVitacost-SynergyVitamins & SupplementsBiotin, Choline, riboflavin 5'-phosphate, Folate, inositol hexanicotinate, Inositol, Niacin, niacinamide, Pantothenic Acid, pyridoxal 5-phosphate, Vitamin B6, Riboflavin, Thiamin, Vitamin B12, Vitamin B62024-11-29 10:47:42
Vitacost-Synergy Twice Daily Energy† Multivitamin -- 60 CapsulesVitacost-SynergyVitamins & SupplementsVitamin C, Benfotiamine, Biotin, cholecalciferol, Chromium, Coenzyme Q10, Vitamin E, Folate, Vitamin E, Iodine, Lutein, Manganese, Vitamin K2, Menaquinone-7, Vitamin K2, Molybdenum, Niacin, Pantothenic Acid, Vitamin B6, Vitamin A, Riboflavin, Selenium, Thiamin, Alpha Lipoic Acid, Vitamin B12, Vitamin B6, phytonadione, Vitamin K, Zeaxanthin2024-11-29 10:47:42
Vitacost-Synergy Ultra B Stress Formula† with Vitamin C -- 240 CapsulesVitacost-SynergyVitamins & SupplementsVitamin C, Biotin, Choline, Folate, microcrystalline cellulose, Niacin, Pantothenic Acid, Vitamin B6, Thiamin, Vitamin B12, Vitamin B62024-11-29 10:47:42
Vitafusion Apple Cider Vinegar Gummies -- 75 GummiesVitafusionVitamins & Supplements Sugar, Vitamin B122024-11-29 10:47:42
Vitafusion Brain Food Adult Gummy Natural Blueberry -- 50 GummiesVitafusionHerbs, Botanicals & HomeopathyFolate, fumaric acid, lactic acid, Vitamin B6, sugar, Vitamin B12, Vitamin B62024-11-29 10:47:42
Vitafusion Daily Wellness Multi Berry Fusion -- 30 Soft ChewsVitafusionVitamins & Supplementscitric acid, Vitamin C, Biotin, Vitamin D3, citric acid, Vitamin E, Folate, Vitamin E, glycerin, Niacin, Pantothenic Acid, Vitamin B6, Vitamin A, Cane sugar, Vitamin B12, Vitamin B62024-11-29 10:47:42
Vitafusion Extra Strength B-12 Natural Cherry -- 3000 mcg - 90 GummiesVitafusionVitamins & Supplementscitric acid, citric acid, lactic acid, sugar, Vitamin B122024-11-29 10:47:42
Vitafusion Fiber Well Fit Sugar Free -- 90 GummiesVitafusionVitamins & SupplementsBiotin, Folate, malic acid, Niacin, Pantothenic Acid, Vitamin B6, Vitamin B12, Vitamin B62024-11-29 10:47:42
Vitafusion Gorgeous Hair Skin & Nails Multivitamin Natural Raspberry -- 135 GummiesVitafusionVitamins & Supplementscitric acid, Vitamin C, Biotin, citric acid, Vitamin E, Folate, Vitamin E, Iodine, lactic acid, Pantothenic Acid, Vitamin B6, Vitamin A, sugar, Vitamin B12, Vitamin B62024-11-29 10:47:42
Vitafusion Hair Skin & Nails Multivitamin Natural Raspberry -- 100 GummiesVitafusionVitamins & Supplementscitric acid, Vitamin C, Biotin, citric acid, Vitamin E, Folate, Vitamin E, Iodine, lactic acid, Pantothenic Acid, Vitamin B6, Vitamin A, sucrose, Vitamin B12, Vitamin B62024-11-29 10:47:42
Vitafusion Multi + Energy Raspberry & Black Tea -- 90 GummiesVitafusionVitamins & Supplementscitric acid, Vitamin C, Biotin, Boron, Chromium, citric acid, Vitamin E, Folate, Vitamin E, Iodine, Molybdenum, Niacin, Pantothenic Acid, Vitamin B6, Vitamin A, sugar, Vitamin B12, Vitamin B62024-11-29 10:47:42
Vitafusion Multi Plus Immune Gummies -- 90 GummiesVitafusionVitamins & Supplementscitric acid, Vitamin C, Biotin, Boron, Chromium, citric acid, Vitamin E, Folate, Vitamin E, Iodine, malic acid, Molybdenum, Pantothenic Acid, Vitamin B6, Vitamin A, sugar, Vitamin B12, Vitamin B62024-11-29 10:47:42
Vitafusion MultiVites Adult Complete Multivitamin Gummy Assorted Fruit -- 70 GummiesVitafusionVitamins & SupplementsVitamin C, Biotin, Boron, Choline, Chromium, Vitamin E, Folic Acid, Vitamin E, Inositol, lactic acid, Lutein, Molybdenum, Niacin, Pantothenic Acid, Vitamin B6, Vitamin A, sucrose, Vitamin B12, Vitamin B62024-11-29 10:47:42
Vitafusion MultiVites™ Multivitamin Gummies Berry Peach and Orange -- 150 GummiesVitafusionVitamins & Supplementscitric acid, Vitamin C, Biotin, Boron, Chromium, citric acid, Vitamin E, Folic Acid, Vitamin E, Inositol, lactic acid, Molybdenum, Niacin, Pantothenic Acid, Vitamin B6, Vitamin A, sucrose, Vitamin B12, Vitamin B62024-11-29 10:47:42
Vitafusion PreNatal Gummy Vitamins Natural Raspberry Lemonade -- 90 GummiesVitafusionVitamins & SupplementsVitamin C, Vitamin E, Folate, fumaric acid, Vitamin E, lactic acid, Niacin, Vitamin B6, Vitamin A, sugar, Vitamin B12, Vitamin B62024-11-29 10:47:42
VitaHustle Electrolyte Hydration - Immunity Orange -- 6 Stick PacksVitaHustleActive Lifestyle & Fitnesscitric acid, Vitamin C, citric acid, maltodextrin, Vitamin B6, rebaudioside A, Vitamin A, Vitamin B12, Vitamin B62024-11-29 10:47:42
VitaHustle Electrolyte Hydration - Recovery Mixed Berry -- 6 Stick PacksVitaHustleActive Lifestyle & Fitnesscitric acid, Vitamin C, citric acid, L-Glutamine, maltodextrin, Niacin, Vitamin B6, rebaudioside A, Vitamin A, Vitamin B12, Vitamin B62024-11-29 10:47:42
VitaHustle Mood + Mind Gummies Cherry Bomb -- 50 GummiesVitaHustleVitamins & Supplementscitric acid, Vitamin C, Vitamin D3, citric acid, sodium citrate, cane sugar, Vitamin B122024-11-29 10:47:42
VitaHustle ONE Superfood Greens Mixed Berry -- 25 ServingsVitaHustleVitamins & Supplementscitric acid, Vitamin C, citric acid, Vitamin E, Vitamin E, malic acid, Niacin, Pantothenic Acid, Vitamin B6, Riboflavin, Thiamin, Vitamin B12, Vitamin B62024-11-29 10:47:42
VitaHustle ONE Superfood Protein + Greens Powder - 20g Plant Protein Dark Cacao -- 10 ServingsVitaHustleActive Lifestyle & FitnessVitamin C, Biotin, Chloride, Vitamin E, Folate, Vitamin E, Iodine, Manganese, Niacin, Pantothenic Acid, Phosphorus, Vitamin B6, Vitamin A, Riboflavin, Thiamin, Vitamin B12, Vitamin B62024-11-29 10:47:42
Vital Nutrients Once Daily Multivitamin Complete Daily Vegan For Overall Wellness -- 60 Vegan CapsulesVital NutrientsProfessional SupplementsVitamin C, Biotin, Cellulose, Chromium, Coenzyme Q10, Vitamin E, Folate, Vitamin E, Iodine, Lutein, Lycopene, Manganese, Vitamin K2, Vitamin K2, Molybdenum, Niacinamide, Pantothenic Acid, Vitamin B6, Vitamin A, Riboflavin, Selenium, Thiamin, Vitamin B12, Vitamin B6, Zeaxanthin2024-11-29 10:47:42
Vital Nutrients B-Complex - Balanced High Potency B Vitamin Complex -- 120 CapsulesVital NutrientsProfessional Supplementsascorbyl palmitate, Biotin, Riboflavin-5-Phosphate, Folate, leucine, Niacinamide, Pantothenic Acid, Pyridoxal 5' Phosphate, Vitamin B6, Riboflavin, Thiamin, Vitamin B12, Vitamin B62024-11-29 10:47:42
Vital Nutrients B-Complex Balanced High Potency B Vitamin Complex -- 240 Vegan CapsulesVital NutrientsProfessional SupplementsBiotin, Folate, Niacin, Pantothenic Acid, Vitamin B6, Riboflavin, Thiamin, Vitamin B12, Vitamin B62024-11-29 10:47:42
Vital Nutrients Cortisol Balance Full-Spectrum Vegan Formula Adrenal Function & Cortisol Balance -- 90 Vegan CapsulesVital NutrientsProfessional SupplementsVitamin B6, Vitamin B12, Vitamin B6, Withania somnifera2024-11-29 10:47:42
Vital Nutrients Minimal and Essential Multivitamin -- 90 CapsulesVital NutrientsProfessional Supplementsascorbyl palmitate, Vitamin C, Biotin, Vitamin D3, Chromium, Vitamin E, Folate, Vitamin E, Manganese, Niacinamide, Pantothenic Acid, Vitamin B6, Vitamin A, Riboflavin, Selenium, Thiamin, Vitamin B12, Vitamin B62024-11-29 10:47:42
Vital Nutrients Multi-Nutrients -Without Iron & Iodine- -- 180 Vegetarian CapsulesVital NutrientsProfessional SupplementsVitamin C, Biotin, Boron, cellulose, Vitamin D3, Chromium, Vitamin E, Folate, Vitamin E, Manganese, Molybdenum, Niacin, Pantothenic Acid, Vitamin B6, Vitamin A, Riboflavin, Selenium, Thiamin, Vanadium, Vitamin B12, Vitamin B62024-11-29 10:47:42
Vital Nutrients Multi-Nutrients 3 Citrate-Malate Formula without Copper and Iron -- 180 CapsulesVital NutrientsProfessional SupplementsVitamin C, Biotin, Boron, Chromium, Vitamin E, Riboflavin 5' Phosphate, Folate, Vitamin E, Iodine, Manganese, Molybdenum, Niacinamide, Pantothenic Acid, Pyridoxal 5' Phosphate, Vitamin B6, Vitamin A, Riboflavin, Selenium, Thiamin, Vanadium, Vitamin B12, Vitamin B62024-11-29 10:47:42
Vital Planet Vital Dog™ Daily Multivitamin Beef -- 30 Chewable TabletsVital PlanetPet Suppliesascorbic acid, kelp, d-calcium pantothenate, dicalcium phosphate, Vitamin D3, Choline, Vitamin E, methylsulfonylmethane, iron citrate, Folic Acid, Vitamin E, Iodine, Manganese, Niacin, Pantothenic Acid, potassium chloride, potassium iodide, Pyridoxine, Vitamin A, Riboflavin, Selenium, stearic acid, Thiamine, Vitamin B122024-11-29 10:47:42
Vital Proteins Apple Cider Vinegar Gummies Apple -- 60 GummiesVital ProteinsVitamins & Supplementscitric acid, citric acid, Folate, sugar, Vitamin B122024-11-29 10:47:42
Vitamin Friends Iron Vegan Gummies Strawberry -- 60 GummiesVitamin FriendsVitamins & Supplementscitric acid, Vitamin C, Beta Carotene, Biotin, citric acid, Folic Acid, Vitamin B3, Vitamin B5, Vitamin B6, sodium citrate, Vitamin B12, Vitamin B62024-11-29 10:47:42
Vitanica Iron Extra RBC Support -- 60 Vegetarian CapsulesVitanicaVitamins & SupplementsVitamin C, calcium ascorbate, ferrous fumarate, ferrous succinate, Folate, Vitamin B122024-11-29 10:47:42
Vitanica Maternal Symmetry™ OB Multivitamin -- 180 Vegetarian CapsulesVitanicaVitamins & SupplementsVitamin C, Biotin, Boron, calcium ascorbate, Chromium, Vitamin E, ferrous fumarate, ferrous succinate, riboflavin-5-phosphate, Folate, Vitamin E, Iodine, Manganese, Vitamin B3, Pantothenic Acid, Vitamin B6, Vitamin A, vitamin B2, Selenium, Thiamin, vitamin B1, Vitamin B12, Vitamin B6, Vitamin D2, Vitamin K2024-11-29 10:47:42
Vitanica SleepBlend™ -- 60 Vegetarian CapsulesVitanicaVitamins & Supplements5-Hydroxy tryptophan, Melatonin, Vitamin B6, Riboflavin, citrate, citrate, Vitamin B12, Vitamin B62024-11-29 10:47:42
Vitanica ThyroFem™ Thyroid Support -- 60 Vegetarian CapsulesVitanicaVitamins & SupplementsVitamin C, Vitamin E, Vitamin E, Iodine, Selenium, Vitamin B122024-11-29 10:47:42
Vitauthority Detox Nourish Orange Pineapple -- 50 ServingsVitauthorityWeight ManagementLipase, Citric acid, Chromium, Citric acid, leaf, Inositol, Vitamin B6, stevia, Vitamin B12, Vitamin B62024-11-29 10:47:42
Vitauthority Detox Nourish Metabolism Support and Digestion Aid Watermelon -- 10.9 ozVitauthorityVitamins & Supplements Citric acid, Chromium, Citric acid, leaf, malic acid, Vitamin B6, stevia, Vitamin B12, Vitamin B62024-11-29 10:47:42
Vitauthority Revive Anti-Aging Hydration Mix Lemonade -- 30 SticksVitauthorityActive Lifestyle & Fitnesscitric acid, Vitamin C, Chromium, citric acid, Malic acid, Niacin, Vitamin B6, reb-M, Riboflavin, Selenium, Thiamine, Vitamin B12, Vitamin B62024-11-29 10:47:42
Viteyes Classic Areds 2 Companion Multivitamin -- 30 CapletsViteyesVitamins & SupplementsBiotin, Boron, Chloride, Chromium, Folate, Microcrystalline cellulose, Iodine, Lycopene, Manganese, Molybdenum, Niacin, Nickel, Pantothenic Acid, Phosphorus, Vitamin B6, Vitamin A, Riboflavin, Selenium, Silicon, stearic acid, Thiamin, Vanadium, Vitamin B12, Vitamin B6, Vitamin K2024-11-29 10:47:42
Viteyes Classic AREDS 2 Companion Multivitamin Beta-Carotene Free -- 90 CapletsViteyesVitamins & SupplementsBiotin, Boron, Chloride, Chromium, Folate, Microcrystalline cellulose, Iodine, Lycopene, Molybdenum, Niacin, Nickel, Pantothenic Acid, Phosphorus, Vitamin B6, Riboflavin, Silicon, stearic acid, Thiamin, Vanadium, Vitamin B12, Vitamin B6, Vitamin K2024-11-29 10:47:42
Viteyes Complete Eye & Total Body Health Multivitamin -- 180 CapsulesViteyesVitamins & SupplementsN-Acetyl Cysteine, Vitamin C, Biotin, Boron, Chromium, Coenzyme Q10, Vitamin E, Folate, Vitamin E, Inositol, Iodine, Lutein, Lycopene, Manganese, Molybdenum, Niacin, Nickel, Pantothenic Acid, Phosphorus, Vitamin B6, Vitamin A, Riboflavin, Selenium, Taurine, Thiamin, Alpha-Lipoic Acid, Vitamin B12, Vitamin B6, Vitamin K, Zeaxanthin2024-11-29 10:47:42
Viteyes Optic Nerve Support -- 90 TabletsViteyesVitamins & SupplementsN-Acetyl Cysteine, Vitamin C, Dicalcium phosphate, Coenzyme Q10, Vitamin E, Folate, Vitamin E, microcrystalline cellulose, Quercetin Dihydrate, stearic acid, Taurine, Alpha-Lipoic Acid, Vitamin B122024-11-29 10:47:42
VMI Sports Aminogex Ultra Gummy Bear -- 30 ServingsVMI SportsActive Lifestyle & Fitness Citric acid, Betaine Anhydrous, Chloride, Citric acid, L-Histidine, L-Isoleucine, malic acid, L-Phenylalanine, L-Taurine, sucralose, L-Valine, Vitamin B122024-11-29 10:47:42
VMI Sports KXR Pre Workout Blue Shark Gummy -- 30 ServingsVMI SportsActive Lifestyle & Fitness Citric acid, Beta-Alanine, Choline, Citric acid, Vitamin B3, Taurine, Theobromine, sucralose, Vitamin B122024-11-29 10:47:42
VMI Sports KXR Pre Workout Gummy Bear -- 30 ServingsVMI SportsActive Lifestyle & Fitness Citric acid, Beta-Alanine, Choline, Citric acid, Vitamin B3, Taurine, Theobromine, sucralose, Vitamin B122024-11-29 10:47:42
VMI Sports KXR Pre Workout Miami Vice -- 30 ServingsVMI SportsActive Lifestyle & Fitness Citric acid, Beta-Alanine, Choline, Citric acid, Vitamin B3, Taurine, Theobromine, sucralose, Vitamin B122024-11-29 10:47:42
VMI Sports KXR Sport Pre-Workout Blue Shark Gummy -- 30 ServingsVMI SportsActive Lifestyle & Fitness Citric acid, Beta-Alanine, Chloride, Citric acid, Niacin, L-Taurine, Theobromine, sucralose, Vitamin B122024-11-29 10:47:42
VMI Sports KXR Sport Pre-Workout Gummy Bear -- 30 ServingsVMI SportsActive Lifestyle & Fitness Citric acid, Beta-Alanine, Chloride, Citric acid, Niacin, L-Taurine, Theobromine, sucralose, Vitamin B122024-11-29 10:47:42
World Organic B-12 with Folic Acid -- 2 fl ozWorld OrganicVitamins & SupplementsFolate, Vitamin B122024-11-29 10:47:42
World Organic Ultra-B Liquid -- 16 fl ozWorld OrganicVitamins & SupplementsPABA, Biotin, Choline, Folate, Inositol, Niacin, PABA, Pantothenic Acid, Vitamin B6, Riboflavin, Thiamin, Vitamin B12, Vitamin B62024-11-29 10:47:42
Youtheory B12 B6 Essential Daily Vitamins -- 60 Vegetarian CapsulesYoutheoryVitamins & Supplementsmicrocrystalline cellulose, Vitamin B6, Vitamin B12, Vitamin B62024-11-29 10:47:42
Youtheory Marine Collagen -- 2500 mg - 160 TabletsYoutheoryVitamins & SupplementsVitamin C, dicalcium phosphate, Vitamin E, Vitamin E, Calcium carbonate, Vitamin B6, Vitamin A, Selenium, stearic acid, Vitamin B12, Vitamin B62024-11-29 10:47:42
Youtheory Marine Collagen -- 2500 mg - 290 TabletsYoutheoryVitamins & SupplementsVitamin C, dicalcium phosphate, Vitamin E, Vitamin E, Calcium carbonate, Vitamin B6, Vitamin A, Selenium, stearic acid, Vitamin B12, Vitamin B62024-11-29 10:47:42
Yumi Organic Snack Bar Toddler Apple Cinnamon & Squash -- 5 BarsYumiBaby & Kids Productscitric acid, Vitamin C, Biotin, citric acid, Vitamin E, Vitamin E, Manganese, Niacin, Vitamin B6, Vitamin A, Riboflavin, Selenium, baking soda, Thiamin, Vitamin B12, Vitamin B6, Vitamin K2024-11-29 10:47:42
Yumi Organic Snack Bar Toddler Blueberry & Purple Carrot -- 5 BarsYumiBaby & Kids Productscitric acid, Vitamin C, Biotin, citric acid, Vitamin E, Vitamin E, Manganese, Niacin, Vitamin B6, Vitamin A, Riboflavin, Selenium, baking soda, Thiamin, Vitamin B12, Vitamin B6, Vitamin K2024-11-29 10:47:42
Yumi Organic Snack Bar Toddler Strawberry & Rhubarb -- 5 BarsYumiBaby & Kids Productscitric acid, Vitamin C, Biotin, citric acid, Vitamin E, Vitamin E, Manganese, Niacin, Vitamin B6, Vitamin A, Riboflavin, Selenium, baking soda, Thiamin, Vitamin B12, Vitamin B6, Vitamin K2024-11-29 10:47:42
Zahler B-Complex Bioactive B Complex Formula -- 60 Time Release TabletsZahlerVitamins & SupplementsBenfotiamine, Biotin, Dicalcium phosphate, Choline, Folate, microcrystalline cellulose, Inositol, Niacin, Pantethine, Vitamin B6, Riboflavin, stearic acid, Vitamin B12, Vitamin B62024-11-29 10:47:42
Zahler B-Complex Bioactive B-Complex Formula -- 120 Time Release TabletsZahlerVitamins & SupplementsBenfotiamine, Biotin, Dicalcium phosphate, Choline, Folate, microcrystalline cellulose, Inositol, Niacin, Pantethine, Vitamin B6, Riboflavin, stearic acid, Vitamin B12, Vitamin B62024-11-29 10:47:42
Zahler Iron Complex Gentle & Non-Constipating Formula -- 100 CapsulesZahlerVitamins & SupplementsVitamin C, Folate, L-Histidine, Vitamin B122024-11-29 10:47:42
Zahler Multivitamin Beauty -- 60 CapsulesZahlerVitamins & SupplementsVitamin C, Astaxanthin, Biotin, Vitamin D3, Chromium, Vitamin E, Folate, Vitamin E, Iodine, Manganese, Vitamin K2, Vitamin K2, Molybdenum, Niacin, Pantethine, Vitamin B6, Quercetin, Vitamin A, Riboflavin, Selenium, Thiamin, Vitamin B12, Vitamin B62024-11-29 10:47:42
Zahler Multivitamin Brainfood -- 60 CapsulesZahlerVitamins & SupplementsVitamin C, Vitamin D3, Choline, Chromium, Vitamin E, Folate, Vitamin E, Iodine, Lutein, Manganese, Vitamin K2, Vitamin K2, Molybdenum, Niacin, Vitamin B6, Quercetin, Vitamin A, Riboflavin, Selenium, Thiamin, Vitamin B12, Vitamin B62024-11-29 10:47:42
Zahler Multivitamin Metabolism -- 60 CapsulesZahlerVitamins & SupplementsVitamin C, Vitamin D3, Choline, Chromium, Vitamin E, Folate, Vitamin E, Iodine, Manganese, Vitamin K2, Vitamin K2, Molybdenum, Niacin, Pantethine, Vitamin B6, Quercetin, Vitamin A, Riboflavin, Selenium, Thiamin, Vitamin B12, Vitamin B62024-11-29 10:47:42
Zahler Multivitamin One Daily -- 60 CapsulesZahlerVitamins & SupplementsVitamin C, Vitamin D3, Chromium, Vitamin E, Folate, Vitamin E, Iodine, Manganese, Vitamin K2, Vitamin K2, Molybdenum, Niacin, Pantethine, Vitamin B6, Quercetin, Vitamin A, Riboflavin, Selenium, Thiamin, Vitamin B12, Vitamin B62024-11-29 10:47:42
Zahler Prenatal + DHA 300 Optimal Formula -- 120 SoftgelsZahlerVitamins & Supplementsannatto, Vitamin C, Biotin, Choline, Chromium, Vitamin E, Docosahexaenoic Acid, Folate, Vitamin E, glycerin, Iodine, Manganese, Molybdenum, Niacin, Pantothenic Acid, Vitamin B6, Vitamin A, Riboflavin, Selenium, Thiamin, Vitamin B12, Vitamin B6, Vitamin K2024-11-29 10:47:42
Zahler Prenatal + DHA 300 Optimal Formula -- 180 SoftgelsZahlerVitamins & SupplementsVitamin C, Biotin, Vitamin D3, Choline, Chromium, Vitamin E, Docosahexaenoic Acid, Riboflavin 5-Phosphate, Folate, Vitamin E, Iodine, Manganese, Vitamin K2, Vitamin K2, Molybdenum, Niacin, Pantothenic Acid, Vitamin B6, Vitamin A, Riboflavin, Selenium, Thiamin, Vitamin B12, Vitamin B6, Vitamin K12024-11-29 10:47:42
Zahler Total One Prenatal -- 120 CapsulesZahlerVitamins & Supplementsascorbyl palmitate, Vitamin C, Biotin, dicalcium phosphate, Chromium, Vitamin E, Vitamin E, Iodine, Manganese, Niacin, Pantothenic Acid, Vitamin B6, Vitamin A, Riboflavin, Selenium, Thiamin, Vitamin B12, Vitamin B62024-11-29 10:47:42
Zenwise Fat Burner for Women with Green Tea Gummies Natural Apple -- 60 GummiesZenwiseWeight Managementcitric acid, Caffeine, citric acid, Maltitol, Raspberry Ketone, sodium citrate, Vitamin B122024-11-29 10:47:42
Zenwise Green Tea Gummies with Apple Cider Vinegar Natural Apple -- 60 GummiesZenwiseVitamins & Supplementscitric acid, Caffeine, citric acid, malic acid, Raspberry Ketone, rebaudioside M, Vitamin B122024-11-29 10:47:42
Zesty Paws 8-in-1 Multivitamin Bites Supplement for Dogs Chicken -- 250 Soft ChewsZesty PawsPet Suppliescitric acid, Vitamin C, Biotin, calcium pantothenate, citric acid, Vitamin E, Docosahexaenoic Acid, Folic Acid, vitamin E, powdered cellulose, Vitamin B3, Vitamin B5, Vitamin B6, Vitamin B2, Vitamin B1, vitamin B12, Vitamin B62024-11-29 10:47:42
Zesty Paws 8-in-1 Multivitamin Bites Supplement for Dogs Chicken -- 90 Soft ChewsZesty PawsPet Supplies Lipase, Vitamin C, Biotin, Cellulase, Vitamin D3, Coenzyme Q10, Vitamin E, Folic Acid, Vitamin E, Manganese, Niacin, Pantothenic Acid, Vitamin B6, Vitamin B2, sorbic acid, Vitamin B1, Vitamin B12, Vitamin B62024-11-29 10:47:42
Zesty Paws 8-in-1 Multivitamin Bites Supplement for Dogs Peanut Butter -- 90 Soft ChewsZesty PawsPet Suppliescitric acid, Vitamin C, Biotin, calcium pantothenate, citric acid, Vitamin E, Docosahexaenoic Acid, Folic Acid, vitamin E, powdered cellulose, manganese, Vitamin B3, Vitamin B5, Vitamin B6, Vitamin B2, Vitamin B1, vitamin B12, Vitamin B62024-11-29 10:47:42
Zesty Paws Hemp Elements 8-in-1 Multivitamin Supplement for Dogs Chicken -- 90 Soft ChewsZesty PawsPet Supplies Lipase, citric acid, Vitamin C, Biotin, Cellulase, Vitamin D3, citric acid, Coenzyme Q10, Vitamin E, Folic Acid, Vitamin E, powdered cellulose, Manganese, Niacin, Pantothenic Acid, Vitamin B6, Vitamin A, Vitamin B2, Vitamin B1, Vitamin B-12, Vitamin B62024-11-29 10:47:42
Zesty Paws Senior Advanced 11-in-1 Multivitamin Glucosamine Supplement for Dogs Chicken -- 90 Soft ChewsZesty PawsPet Supplieslipase, Vitamin C, Biotin, cellulase, Vitamin D3, Coenzyme Q10, Vitamin E, methylsulfonylmethane, folic acid, vitamin E, powdered cellulose, Lutein, Niacin, Pantothenic Acid, Vitamin B6, Vitamin A, Vitamin B2, sorbic acid, vitamin B1, vitamin B12, vitamin B62024-11-29 10:47:42
Zhou Creatine Chews Pink Lemonade -- 60 ChewsZhouActive Lifestyle & Fitnesscitric acid, citric acid, Creatine, erythritol, Vitamin B12, xylitol2024-11-29 10:47:42
Zhou Daily Boost -- 30 Vegetarian CapsulesZhouVitamins & SupplementsPABA, Vitamin C, Biotin, cellulose, Vitamin D3, Choline, Chromium, Vitamin E, Folate, Vitamin E, Inositol, Iodine, maltodextrin, Manganese, Molybdenum, Niacin, PABA, Pantothenic Acid, Vitamin B6, Vitamin A, Riboflavin, Selenium, stearic acid, Thiamine, Vitamin B12, Vitamin B6, Vitamin K12024-11-29 10:47:42
Zhou Fast Support+ Daily Intermittent Fasting Support -- 60 CapsulesZhouVitamins & Supplements Cellulose, Chloride, Iodine, stearic acid, Vitamin B122024-11-29 10:47:42
Zhou Hairfluence® -- 60 Veggie CapsulesZhouVitamins & SupplementsVitamin C, Biotin, Vitamin D3, Folate, Niacin, Pantothenic Acid, Vitamin B6, Vitamin A, Vitamin B2, Vitamin B1, Vitamin B12, Vitamin B62024-11-29 10:47:42
Zhou Neuro-Peak™ -- 30 CapsulesZhouVitamins & SupplementsDMAE, Vitamin B122024-11-29 10:47:42
Zhou Supergreens Max Gummies Raspberry -- 60 Vegan GummiesZhouVitamins & Supplementscitric acid, Vitamin C, beta carotene, citric acid, glycerin, Pantothenic Acid, Vitamin B6, sodium citrate, Vitamin B12, Vitamin B6, Vitamin D22024-11-29 10:47:42
Zhou Thyroid Support with Iodine -- 60 Veggie CapsulesZhouVitamins & SupplementsKelp, Iodine, Manganese, Molybdenum, Selenium, Vitamin B122024-11-29 10:47:42
ZOA Zoa+ Pre-Workout Powder - Maximum Performance - NSF Certified For Sport Cherry Lime -- 25 ServingsZOAActive Lifestyle & Fitnesscitric acid, acesulfame potassium, acesulfame potassium, Beta-Alanine, Betaine Anhydrous, citric acid, Folate, malic acid, Niacin, Pantothenic Acid, Vitamin B6, sucralose, Vitamin B12, Vitamin B62024-11-29 10:47:42
ZOA Zoa+ Pre-Workout Powder - Maximum Performance - NSF Certified For Sport Fruit Punch -- 25 ServingsZOAActive Lifestyle & Fitnesscitric acid, Beta-Alanine, Betaine Anhydrous, citric acid, Folate, malic acid, Niacin, Pantothenic Acid, Vitamin B6, sucralose, Vitamin B12, Vitamin B62024-11-29 10:47:42
ZOA Zoa+ Pre-Workout Powder - Maximum Performance - NSF Certified For Sport Wild Berry -- 25 ServingsZOAActive Lifestyle & Fitnesscitric acid, acesulfame potassium, acesulfame potassium, Beta-Alanine, Betaine Anhydrous, citric acid, Folate, malic acid, Niacin, Pantothenic Acid, Vitamin B6, sucralose, Vitamin B12, Vitamin B62024-11-29 10:47:42

Protein Targets (10)

Potency Measurements

ProteinTaxonomyMeasurementAverage (µ)Min (ref.)Avg (ref.)Max (ref.)Bioassay(s)
Chain A, MAJOR APURINIC/APYRIMIDINIC ENDONUCLEASEHomo sapiens (human)Potency15.84890.003245.467312,589.2998AID2517
acetylcholinesteraseHomo sapiens (human)Potency28.27370.002541.796015,848.9004AID1347395; AID1347398
hypoxia-inducible factor 1 alpha subunitHomo sapiens (human)Potency1.69303.189029.884159.4836AID1224846
RAR-related orphan receptor gammaMus musculus (house mouse)Potency0.10590.006038.004119,952.5996AID1159521
GLI family zinc finger 3Homo sapiens (human)Potency18.67200.000714.592883.7951AID1259369; AID1259392
retinoic acid nuclear receptor alpha variant 1Homo sapiens (human)Potency2.98490.003041.611522,387.1992AID1159553
pregnane X nuclear receptorHomo sapiens (human)Potency33.49150.005428.02631,258.9301AID1346982
Histone H2A.xCricetulus griseus (Chinese hamster)Potency61.93150.039147.5451146.8240AID1224845
ATPase family AAA domain-containing protein 5Homo sapiens (human)Potency12.74480.011917.942071.5630AID651632
Ataxin-2Homo sapiens (human)Potency12.74480.011912.222168.7989AID651632
[prepared from compound, protein, and bioassay information from National Library of Medicine (NLM), extracted Dec-2023]

Biological Processes (18)

Processvia Protein(s)Taxonomy
cell population proliferationATPase family AAA domain-containing protein 5Homo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of B cell proliferationATPase family AAA domain-containing protein 5Homo sapiens (human)
nuclear DNA replicationATPase family AAA domain-containing protein 5Homo sapiens (human)
signal transduction in response to DNA damageATPase family AAA domain-containing protein 5Homo sapiens (human)
intrinsic apoptotic signaling pathway in response to DNA damage by p53 class mediatorATPase family AAA domain-containing protein 5Homo sapiens (human)
isotype switchingATPase family AAA domain-containing protein 5Homo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of DNA replicationATPase family AAA domain-containing protein 5Homo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of isotype switching to IgG isotypesATPase family AAA domain-containing protein 5Homo sapiens (human)
DNA clamp unloadingATPase family AAA domain-containing protein 5Homo sapiens (human)
regulation of mitotic cell cycle phase transitionATPase family AAA domain-containing protein 5Homo sapiens (human)
negative regulation of intrinsic apoptotic signaling pathway in response to DNA damage by p53 class mediatorATPase family AAA domain-containing protein 5Homo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of cell cycle G2/M phase transitionATPase family AAA domain-containing protein 5Homo sapiens (human)
negative regulation of receptor internalizationAtaxin-2Homo sapiens (human)
regulation of translationAtaxin-2Homo sapiens (human)
RNA metabolic processAtaxin-2Homo sapiens (human)
P-body assemblyAtaxin-2Homo sapiens (human)
stress granule assemblyAtaxin-2Homo sapiens (human)
RNA transportAtaxin-2Homo sapiens (human)
[Information is prepared from geneontology information from the June-17-2024 release]

Molecular Functions (8)

Processvia Protein(s)Taxonomy
protein bindingATPase family AAA domain-containing protein 5Homo sapiens (human)
ATP bindingATPase family AAA domain-containing protein 5Homo sapiens (human)
ATP hydrolysis activityATPase family AAA domain-containing protein 5Homo sapiens (human)
DNA clamp unloader activityATPase family AAA domain-containing protein 5Homo sapiens (human)
DNA bindingATPase family AAA domain-containing protein 5Homo sapiens (human)
RNA bindingAtaxin-2Homo sapiens (human)
epidermal growth factor receptor bindingAtaxin-2Homo sapiens (human)
protein bindingAtaxin-2Homo sapiens (human)
mRNA bindingAtaxin-2Homo sapiens (human)
[Information is prepared from geneontology information from the June-17-2024 release]

Ceullar Components (10)

Processvia Protein(s)Taxonomy
Elg1 RFC-like complexATPase family AAA domain-containing protein 5Homo sapiens (human)
nucleusATPase family AAA domain-containing protein 5Homo sapiens (human)
cytoplasmAtaxin-2Homo sapiens (human)
Golgi apparatusAtaxin-2Homo sapiens (human)
trans-Golgi networkAtaxin-2Homo sapiens (human)
cytosolAtaxin-2Homo sapiens (human)
cytoplasmic stress granuleAtaxin-2Homo sapiens (human)
membraneAtaxin-2Homo sapiens (human)
perinuclear region of cytoplasmAtaxin-2Homo sapiens (human)
ribonucleoprotein complexAtaxin-2Homo sapiens (human)
cytoplasmic stress granuleAtaxin-2Homo sapiens (human)
[Information is prepared from geneontology information from the June-17-2024 release]

Bioassays (39)

Assay IDTitleYearJournalArticle
AID1347096qHTS of pediatric cancer cell lines to identify multiple opportunities for drug repurposing: Primary screen for U-2 OS cells2018Oncotarget, Jan-12, Volume: 9, Issue:4
Quantitative high-throughput phenotypic screening of pediatric cancer cell lines identifies multiple opportunities for drug repurposing.
AID1347089qHTS of pediatric cancer cell lines to identify multiple opportunities for drug repurposing: Primary screen for TC32 cells2018Oncotarget, Jan-12, Volume: 9, Issue:4
Quantitative high-throughput phenotypic screening of pediatric cancer cell lines identifies multiple opportunities for drug repurposing.
AID1347100qHTS of pediatric cancer cell lines to identify multiple opportunities for drug repurposing: Primary screen for LAN-5 cells2018Oncotarget, Jan-12, Volume: 9, Issue:4
Quantitative high-throughput phenotypic screening of pediatric cancer cell lines identifies multiple opportunities for drug repurposing.
AID1347098qHTS of pediatric cancer cell lines to identify multiple opportunities for drug repurposing: Primary screen for SK-N-SH cells2018Oncotarget, Jan-12, Volume: 9, Issue:4
Quantitative high-throughput phenotypic screening of pediatric cancer cell lines identifies multiple opportunities for drug repurposing.
AID1508627Counterscreen qHTS for small molecule stabilizers of the endoplasmic reticulum resident proteome: GLuc-NoTag assay2021Cell reports, 04-27, Volume: 35, Issue:4
A target-agnostic screen identifies approved drugs to stabilize the endoplasmic reticulum-resident proteome.
AID1296008Cytotoxic Profiling of Annotated Libraries Using Quantitative High-Throughput Screening2020SLAS discovery : advancing life sciences R & D, 01, Volume: 25, Issue:1
Cytotoxic Profiling of Annotated and Diverse Chemical Libraries Using Quantitative High-Throughput Screening.
AID1347091qHTS of pediatric cancer cell lines to identify multiple opportunities for drug repurposing: Primary screen for SJ-GBM2 cells2018Oncotarget, Jan-12, Volume: 9, Issue:4
Quantitative high-throughput phenotypic screening of pediatric cancer cell lines identifies multiple opportunities for drug repurposing.
AID1347107qHTS of pediatric cancer cell lines to identify multiple opportunities for drug repurposing: Primary screen for Rh30 cells2018Oncotarget, Jan-12, Volume: 9, Issue:4
Quantitative high-throughput phenotypic screening of pediatric cancer cell lines identifies multiple opportunities for drug repurposing.
AID1508629Cell Viability qHTS for small molecule stabilizers of the endoplasmic reticulum resident proteome2021Cell reports, 04-27, Volume: 35, Issue:4
A target-agnostic screen identifies approved drugs to stabilize the endoplasmic reticulum-resident proteome.
AID1347103qHTS of pediatric cancer cell lines to identify multiple opportunities for drug repurposing: Primary screen for OHS-50 cells2018Oncotarget, Jan-12, Volume: 9, Issue:4
Quantitative high-throughput phenotypic screening of pediatric cancer cell lines identifies multiple opportunities for drug repurposing.
AID1347097qHTS of pediatric cancer cell lines to identify multiple opportunities for drug repurposing: Primary screen for Saos-2 cells2018Oncotarget, Jan-12, Volume: 9, Issue:4
Quantitative high-throughput phenotypic screening of pediatric cancer cell lines identifies multiple opportunities for drug repurposing.
AID1347102qHTS of pediatric cancer cell lines to identify multiple opportunities for drug repurposing: Primary screen for Rh18 cells2018Oncotarget, Jan-12, Volume: 9, Issue:4
Quantitative high-throughput phenotypic screening of pediatric cancer cell lines identifies multiple opportunities for drug repurposing.
AID1347099qHTS of pediatric cancer cell lines to identify multiple opportunities for drug repurposing: Primary screen for NB1643 cells2018Oncotarget, Jan-12, Volume: 9, Issue:4
Quantitative high-throughput phenotypic screening of pediatric cancer cell lines identifies multiple opportunities for drug repurposing.
AID1347092qHTS of pediatric cancer cell lines to identify multiple opportunities for drug repurposing: Primary screen for A673 cells2018Oncotarget, Jan-12, Volume: 9, Issue:4
Quantitative high-throughput phenotypic screening of pediatric cancer cell lines identifies multiple opportunities for drug repurposing.
AID1347090qHTS of pediatric cancer cell lines to identify multiple opportunities for drug repurposing: Primary screen for DAOY cells2018Oncotarget, Jan-12, Volume: 9, Issue:4
Quantitative high-throughput phenotypic screening of pediatric cancer cell lines identifies multiple opportunities for drug repurposing.
AID1347407qHTS to identify inhibitors of the type 1 interferon - major histocompatibility complex class I in skeletal muscle: primary screen against the NCATS Pharmaceutical Collection2020ACS chemical biology, 07-17, Volume: 15, Issue:7
High-Throughput Screening to Identify Inhibitors of the Type I Interferon-Major Histocompatibility Complex Class I Pathway in Skeletal Muscle.
AID1347082qHTS for Inhibitors of the Functional Ribonucleoprotein Complex (vRNP) of Lassa (LASV) Arenavirus: LASV Primary Screen - GLuc reporter signal2020Antiviral research, 01, Volume: 173A cell-based, infectious-free, platform to identify inhibitors of lassa virus ribonucleoprotein (vRNP) activity.
AID1508628Confirmatory qHTS for small molecule stabilizers of the endoplasmic reticulum resident proteome: Secreted ER Calcium Modulated Protein (SERCaMP) assay2021Cell reports, 04-27, Volume: 35, Issue:4
A target-agnostic screen identifies approved drugs to stabilize the endoplasmic reticulum-resident proteome.
AID1347101qHTS of pediatric cancer cell lines to identify multiple opportunities for drug repurposing: Primary screen for BT-12 cells2018Oncotarget, Jan-12, Volume: 9, Issue:4
Quantitative high-throughput phenotypic screening of pediatric cancer cell lines identifies multiple opportunities for drug repurposing.
AID1745845Primary qHTS for Inhibitors of ATXN expression
AID1508630Primary qHTS for small molecule stabilizers of the endoplasmic reticulum resident proteome: Secreted ER Calcium Modulated Protein (SERCaMP) assay2021Cell reports, 04-27, Volume: 35, Issue:4
A target-agnostic screen identifies approved drugs to stabilize the endoplasmic reticulum-resident proteome.
AID1347086qHTS for Inhibitors of the Functional Ribonucleoprotein Complex (vRNP) of Lymphocytic Choriomeningitis Arenaviruses (LCMV): LCMV Primary Screen - GLuc reporter signal2020Antiviral research, 01, Volume: 173A cell-based, infectious-free, platform to identify inhibitors of lassa virus ribonucleoprotein (vRNP) activity.
AID1347424RapidFire Mass Spectrometry qHTS Assay for Modulators of WT P53-Induced Phosphatase 1 (WIP1)2019The Journal of biological chemistry, 11-15, Volume: 294, Issue:46
Physiologically relevant orthogonal assays for the discovery of small-molecule modulators of WIP1 phosphatase in high-throughput screens.
AID1347104qHTS of pediatric cancer cell lines to identify multiple opportunities for drug repurposing: Primary screen for RD cells2018Oncotarget, Jan-12, Volume: 9, Issue:4
Quantitative high-throughput phenotypic screening of pediatric cancer cell lines identifies multiple opportunities for drug repurposing.
AID1347095qHTS of pediatric cancer cell lines to identify multiple opportunities for drug repurposing: Primary screen for NB-EBc1 cells2018Oncotarget, Jan-12, Volume: 9, Issue:4
Quantitative high-throughput phenotypic screening of pediatric cancer cell lines identifies multiple opportunities for drug repurposing.
AID651635Viability Counterscreen for Primary qHTS for Inhibitors of ATXN expression
AID1347105qHTS of pediatric cancer cell lines to identify multiple opportunities for drug repurposing: Primary screen for MG 63 (6-TG R) cells2018Oncotarget, Jan-12, Volume: 9, Issue:4
Quantitative high-throughput phenotypic screening of pediatric cancer cell lines identifies multiple opportunities for drug repurposing.
AID1347094qHTS of pediatric cancer cell lines to identify multiple opportunities for drug repurposing: Primary screen for BT-37 cells2018Oncotarget, Jan-12, Volume: 9, Issue:4
Quantitative high-throughput phenotypic screening of pediatric cancer cell lines identifies multiple opportunities for drug repurposing.
AID1347108qHTS of pediatric cancer cell lines to identify multiple opportunities for drug repurposing: Primary screen for Rh41 cells2018Oncotarget, Jan-12, Volume: 9, Issue:4
Quantitative high-throughput phenotypic screening of pediatric cancer cell lines identifies multiple opportunities for drug repurposing.
AID1347106qHTS of pediatric cancer cell lines to identify multiple opportunities for drug repurposing: Primary screen for control Hh wild type fibroblast cells2018Oncotarget, Jan-12, Volume: 9, Issue:4
Quantitative high-throughput phenotypic screening of pediatric cancer cell lines identifies multiple opportunities for drug repurposing.
AID1347093qHTS of pediatric cancer cell lines to identify multiple opportunities for drug repurposing: Primary screen for SK-N-MC cells2018Oncotarget, Jan-12, Volume: 9, Issue:4
Quantitative high-throughput phenotypic screening of pediatric cancer cell lines identifies multiple opportunities for drug repurposing.
AID1347425Rhodamine-PBP qHTS Assay for Modulators of WT P53-Induced Phosphatase 1 (WIP1)2019The Journal of biological chemistry, 11-15, Volume: 294, Issue:46
Physiologically relevant orthogonal assays for the discovery of small-molecule modulators of WIP1 phosphatase in high-throughput screens.
AID1347083qHTS for Inhibitors of the Functional Ribonucleoprotein Complex (vRNP) of Lassa (LASV) Arenavirus: Viability assay - alamar blue signal for LASV Primary Screen2020Antiviral research, 01, Volume: 173A cell-based, infectious-free, platform to identify inhibitors of lassa virus ribonucleoprotein (vRNP) activity.
AID1347154Primary screen GU AMC qHTS for Zika virus inhibitors2020Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, 12-08, Volume: 117, Issue:49
Therapeutic candidates for the Zika virus identified by a high-throughput screen for Zika protease inhibitors.
AID588519A screen for compounds that inhibit viral RNA polymerase binding and polymerization activities2011Antiviral research, Sep, Volume: 91, Issue:3
High-throughput screening identification of poliovirus RNA-dependent RNA polymerase inhibitors.
AID540299A screen for compounds that inhibit the MenB enzyme of Mycobacterium tuberculosis2010Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters, Nov-01, Volume: 20, Issue:21
Synthesis and SAR studies of 1,4-benzoxazine MenB inhibitors: novel antibacterial agents against Mycobacterium tuberculosis.
AID1346987P-glycoprotein substrates identified in KB-8-5-11 adenocarcinoma cell line, qHTS therapeutic library screen2019Molecular pharmacology, 11, Volume: 96, Issue:5
A High-Throughput Screen of a Library of Therapeutics Identifies Cytotoxic Substrates of P-glycoprotein.
AID1346986P-glycoprotein substrates identified in KB-3-1 adenocarcinoma cell line, qHTS therapeutic library screen2019Molecular pharmacology, 11, Volume: 96, Issue:5
A High-Throughput Screen of a Library of Therapeutics Identifies Cytotoxic Substrates of P-glycoprotein.
AID1159607Screen for inhibitors of RMI FANCM (MM2) intereaction2016Journal of biomolecular screening, Jul, Volume: 21, Issue:6
A High-Throughput Screening Strategy to Identify Protein-Protein Interaction Inhibitors That Block the Fanconi Anemia DNA Repair Pathway.
[information is prepared from bioassay data collected from National Library of Medicine (NLM), extracted Dec-2023]

Research

Studies (20,863)

TimeframeStudies, This Drug (%)All Drugs %
pre-199010789 (51.71)18.7374
1990's1735 (8.32)18.2507
2000's3186 (15.27)29.6817
2010's3569 (17.11)24.3611
2020's1584 (7.59)2.80
[information is prepared from research data collected from National Library of Medicine (NLM), extracted Dec-2023]

Market Indicators

Research Demand Index: 90.69

According to the monthly volume, diversity, and competition of internet searches for this compound, as well the volume and growth of publications, there is estimated to be very strong demand-to-supply ratio for research on this compound.

MetricThis Compound (vs All)
Research Demand Index90.69 (24.57)
Research Supply Index2.56 (2.92)
Research Growth Index5.63 (4.65)
Search Engine Demand Index292.31 (26.88)
Search Engine Supply Index3.79 (0.95)

This Compound (90.69)

All Compounds (24.57)

Study Types

Publication TypeThis drug (%)All Drugs (%)
Trials1,042 (4.68%)5.53%
Trials0 (0.00%)5.53%
Reviews1,795 (8.07%)6.00%
Reviews0 (0.00%)6.00%
Case Studies1,378 (6.19%)4.05%
Case Studies0 (0.00%)4.05%
Observational72 (0.32%)0.25%
Observational0 (0.00%)0.25%
Other17,969 (80.74%)84.16%
Other12 (100.00%)84.16%
[information is prepared from research data collected from National Library of Medicine (NLM), extracted Dec-2023]

Clinical Trials (194)

Trial Overview

TrialPhaseEnrollmentStudy TypeStart DateStatus
A Phase II/III Study of N-803 (ALT-803) Plus Pembrolizumab Versus Standard of Care in Participants With Stage IV or Recurrent Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer Previously Treated With Anti-PD-1 or Anti-PD-L1 Therapy (Lung-MAP Non-Match Sub-Study) [NCT05096663]Phase 2/Phase 382 participants (Actual)Interventional2022-03-15Active, not recruiting
Influence of Different Doses of the Vitamin B12 on Recurrent Aphthous Stomatitis [NCT01127724]8 participants (Actual)Interventional2012-06-30Terminated(stopped due to difficulties in recruiting participants)
Pembrolizumab Plus Bevacizumab and Chemotherapy as First-Line Treatment for Advanced or Metastatic Non-Squamous NSCLC Patients With EGFR Exon 20 Insertion Mutation: An Open-Label, Single-Arm, Phase II Trial [NCT05751187]Phase 254 participants (Anticipated)Interventional2023-06-27Recruiting
Perineural Injection Therapy With Vitamin B12 for Carpal Tunnel Syndrome [NCT03802422]0 participants (Actual)Interventional2019-04-20Withdrawn(stopped due to It is hard to enroll patients due to Covid-19 pandemic.)
Recombinant Bovine Basic Fibroblast Growth Factor for the Treatment of Radiation Induced Oral Mucositis：An Open, Randomized, Controlled, Prospective Study [NCT03778008]Phase 290 participants (Anticipated)Interventional2018-12-21Not yet recruiting
Oral or Enteral Administration of Methionine in Patients With Pulmonary Alveolar Proteinosis by Mutation of the MARS Gene. [NCT03887169]Phase 1/Phase 23 participants (Actual)Interventional2019-09-16Completed
An Open-label, Randomized, Multi-center Clinical Trial to Evaluate the Safety and Efficacy in Peripheral Neuropathies Patients Treated With Mecobalamin Injection [NCT01192113]Phase 41,072 participants (Actual)Interventional2010-04-30Completed
B VITAMIN STATUS IN PREMATURE AND SMALL FOR GESTATIONAL AGE INFANTS [NCT01201005]80 participants (Actual)Interventional2009-07-31Completed
Folic Acid and B Vitamins for Secondary Prevention of Stroke : A Double-blinded Randomized Controlled Trial [NCT01317849]0 participants (Actual)Interventional2011-07-31Withdrawn(stopped due to financial assistance financial assistance financial assistance financial assistance financial assistance without financial assistance)
An Open-label, Single-Dose, Parallel-Group, Randomized Study of Comparative Bioavailability of B12 After Oral Administration of B2 Formulated With an Absorption Promoter (SNAC), Oral B12 Alone and IV B12 in Healthy Male Subjects [NCT01311739]20 participants (Actual)Interventional2008-05-31Completed
A Multi-center, Single Arm, Safety and Efficacy Study of Pralatrexate With Vitamin B12 and Folic Acid Supplementation in Subjects With Relapsed or Refractory Peripheral T-cell Lymphoma [NCT03349333]Phase 385 participants (Actual)Interventional2015-09-10Completed
A 60-DAY, Open-label, Randomized Study to Evaluate the Efficacy and Safety of Eligen® B12 OR Intramuscularly Administered B12 in Subjects With Low Serum Cobalamin With a 30 Day Extension to 90 Days of Dosing [NCT01312831]49 participants (Actual)Interventional2009-02-28Completed
Effects of Epalrestat on Peripheral Neuropathy and Central Nervous System in Diabetic Patient [NCT05184049]Phase 472 participants (Anticipated)Interventional2022-01-31Recruiting
A Phase 2, Single-Arm, Open-Label, Multicenter, Study of Folotyn® (Pralatrexate Injection) in Combination With Oral Leucovorin to Prevent or Reduce Mucositis in Patients With Hematological Malignancies Including PTCL and CTCL [NCT02106650]Phase 236 participants (Actual)Interventional2014-07-31Completed
Serum Levels of Folate And Vitamine B12 in Patients Infected With HPV and Diagnosed Atypical Squamous Cells of Undetermined Significance in Cervical Cytology [NCT03903952]200 participants (Actual)Interventional2014-05-01Completed
Effect of Polyvitaminics (Pyridoxine Hydrochloride, Folic Acid and Cyanocobalamin) in the Concentration of Homocysteine and Lipid Profile in Postmenopausal Women: a Randomized Controlled, Double-blind Clinical Trial [NCT03221816]Phase 460 participants (Actual)Interventional2008-12-31Completed
The Efficacy of Intravenous Hydroxocobalamin Versus Methylene Blue as Treatment for Intraoperative Vasoplegic Syndrome in Liver Transplant Patients [NCT04054999]Phase 420 participants (Anticipated)Interventional2019-11-30Recruiting
The Effect of Vitamin B12 Supplementation in Nepali Infants on Growth and Development [NCT02272842]Phase 2/Phase 3600 participants (Actual)Interventional2015-04-20Active, not recruiting
A Phase II Trial to Assess the Safety, Immunological Activity of TroVax® Plus Pemetrexed/Cisplatin in Patients With Malignant Pleural Mesothelioma [NCT01569919]Phase 226 participants (Anticipated)Interventional2012-12-31Recruiting
A Single Arm Phase II Study of Oral Vitamin B12 for the Treatment of Aromatase Inhibitors (AI) Associated Musculoskeletal Symptoms in Women With Early Stage Breast Cancer [NCT03069313]41 participants (Actual)Interventional2015-10-19Completed
Randomized Clinical Trial to Assess the Effectiveness of Vitamin D and Vitamin B12 Supplementation in Combination With Pegylated Interferon-Alfa Plus Ribavirin for Treating Chronic Hepatitis C. [NCT02120274]Phase 485 participants (Actual)Interventional2014-03-31Terminated(stopped due to New Brazilian Guidelines for Viral Hepatitis C and Coinfetions. It does not include the treatment of chronic HCV Metavir < F3 and abandon the use of interferon.)
Double-Blind Placebo Controlled, Cross-over Trial of Subcutaneous B12 on Behavioral and Metabolic Measures in Children With Autism. [NCT00273650]Phase 2/Phase 330 participants (Actual)Interventional2005-07-31Completed
Vitamin B12 Supplementation in Addition to Folic Acid and Iron Improves Hematological and Biochemical Markers in Pregnancy: a Randomized Controlled Trial [NCT03522428]Phase 4200 participants (Actual)Interventional2011-09-15Completed
Developmental Origins of Neurocognitive and Behavioral Endophenotypes and Common Mental Health Disorders in Young Adults of a Prospective Birth Cohort [NCT03096028]700 participants (Anticipated)Observational2018-05-14Recruiting
Prophylactic Use of Hydroxycobolamin in the Prevention of Vasoplegic Syndrome in Adult Patients Undergoing Cardiopulmonary Bypass [NCT06160219]Phase 2/Phase 360 participants (Actual)Interventional2019-08-28Completed
Vitamin B12 Status in Infancy and the Effect of Providing Vitamin B12 to Infants With Signs of Suboptimal Vitamin B12 Status - a Registry-based, Randomized Controlled Trial [NCT05005897]Phase 2/Phase 3600 participants (Anticipated)Interventional2021-12-08Recruiting
Effects of Vitamin Supplementation and Strength Training in Parkinson's Disease [NCT01238926]40 participants (Anticipated)Interventional2008-05-31Active, not recruiting
Effect of Preoperative Vitamin B12 on Post Operative Cognitive Dysfunction in Elderly Patients Undergoing Non-cardiac Surgery: A Multi-Center, Prospective, Randomized, Double-blinded, Controlled Clinical Trial [NCT03485404]40 participants (Actual)Interventional2019-01-10Terminated(stopped due to Due to slow recruiment. Only 40 patients were recruited in four years.)
Supplementation of Compound Nutrients on Plasma Homocysteine in Chinese Adults With Hyperhomocysteinemia: a Randomized Double-blind Control Trial [NCT03720249]100 participants (Anticipated)Interventional2019-05-20Not yet recruiting
A Phase III, Randomized, Two Armed, Parallel, Double Blind (Patient and Assessor Blinded), Active Controlled Non Inferiority Clinical Trial to Determine the Non Inferior Therapeutic Efficacy and Safety Between CinnaPoietin® (Beta Erythropoietin) and Eprex [NCT03408639]Phase 3156 participants (Actual)Interventional2016-06-22Completed
A Phase 1, Open-label, Dose-finding Study of Pralatrexate Plus Systemic Bexarotene in Patients With Relapsed or Refractory Cutaneous T Cell Lymphoma [NCT01134341]Phase 134 participants (Actual)Interventional2010-03-31Completed
Vitamin B12 Treatment in Singers - Assessment of Effects Exploratory Pilot Study [NCT03437824]Early Phase 120 participants (Actual)Interventional2017-10-01Completed
Effect of Vitamin B6 and B12 in the Treatment of Movement Disorders Induced by Antipsychotics [NCT03790345]Phase 2/Phase 345 participants (Anticipated)Interventional2019-09-03Recruiting
An Open, Randomized, Single-dose, Two-way Crossover Study to Characterize the Pharmacokinetic Properties of Cyanocobalamin When Administered as an Intranasal Spray and an Intramuscular Injection to Healthy Volunteers [NCT01306123]Phase 116 participants (Actual)Interventional2011-02-28Completed
Nutrition, Arsenic and Cognitive Function in Children [NCT03384862]239 participants (Actual)Interventional2018-01-27Completed
Phase 2 Study of Pemetrexed in Combination With Cisplatin and Cetuximab in Recurrent or Metastatic Squamous Cell Carcinoma of the Head and Neck [NCT01057589]Phase 266 participants (Actual)Interventional2010-02-28Completed
Cobalamin Status in Young Children With Gastrointestinal Symptoms or Feeding Problems [NCT00710359]100 participants (Anticipated)Interventional2008-04-30Completed
Effects of Vitamin Supplementation on Micronutrient Blood Values, Body Composition, Waist-to-hip Ratio and Fasting Blood Glucose After Bariatric Surgery [NCT02686905]30 participants (Anticipated)Interventional2016-01-31Recruiting
The Absorption of Vitamin B12 Among Healthy Pregnant Women [NCT00730093]27 participants (Actual)Interventional2008-08-31Completed
"PsyCARE Trial - Efficiency of a Composite Personalised Care on Functional Outcome in Early Psychosis : A Prospective Randomised Controlled Trial " [NCT05796401]Phase 3500 participants (Anticipated)Interventional2023-06-15Not yet recruiting
A Randomized Phase III Study of Vitamins B6 and B12 to Prevent Chemotherapy-Induced Neuropathy in Cancer Patients. [NCT00659269]Phase 3319 participants (Actual)Interventional2006-07-31Completed
Assessment of Functional Vitamin B12 Deficiency in Mexican Women [NCT00826657]180 participants (Actual)Interventional2004-10-31Completed
Cervical Preparation Before Same-day Second Trimester Abortion With Buccal Misoprostol Versus Dilapan-S: A Randomized Placebo Controlled Trial [NCT00835731]125 participants (Actual)Interventional2009-01-31Completed
TRIM: Danish Form and Dose Study in Vitamin B12 [NCT02832726]45 participants (Actual)Interventional2014-01-31Completed
An Exploratory, Randomized, Blinded, Placebo-Controlled Trial of Folic Acid and L-methylfolate in Parkinson's Disease [NCT00853879]150 participants (Actual)Interventional2006-12-31Terminated
A Phase 2 Randomized, Multicenter, Double-Blind Study of the Glutaminase Inhibitor Telaglenastat With Pembrolizumab and Chemotherapy Versus Placebo With Pembrolizumab and Chemotherapy in First-Line, Metastatic KEAP1/NRF2-Mutated, Nonsquamous, Non-Small Ce [NCT04265534]Phase 240 participants (Actual)Interventional2020-07-24Terminated(stopped due to Lack of Clinical Benefit)
Megadose of Hydroxocobalamin (Vitamin B12) for the Treatment of Pernicious Anemia [NCT03372447]Phase 413 participants (Actual)Interventional2017-12-27Completed
Phase I/II Clinical Trial of Intrathecal Pemetrexed as First Line Intrathecal Chemotherapy in Patients With Leptomeningeal Metastasis [NCT05289908]Phase 1/Phase 234 participants (Actual)Interventional2022-02-21Active, not recruiting
[NCT02457507]Phase 4271 participants (Actual)Interventional2011-08-31Completed
Japanese Early-stage Clinical Trial of Ultra-high Dose Methylcobalamin for Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis: a Pivotal Phase 3 Randomized Controlled Study [NCT03548311]Phase 3128 participants (Anticipated)Interventional2017-11-01Recruiting
Bioavailability of Vitamin B12 in Bread Using Fermented Faba Bean as B12 Source in Healthy Volunteers (BeanBread) [NCT06096298]25 participants (Anticipated)Interventional2023-10-31Not yet recruiting
Impact of Preoperative Treatment of Anemia and Iron Deficiency in Cardiac Surgery on Outcome. [NCT02031289]Phase 41,003 participants (Actual)Interventional2013-12-31Completed
Effect of Vitamin B12 Supplementation on Glycaemic Control in Uncontrolled Hyperhomocysteinemic Type 2 Diabetic Patients [NCT02540642]38 participants (Actual)Interventional2010-10-31Completed
Restoration of Cutaneous Sensorum in Patients With Diabetic Peripheral Neuropathy (DPN) Via Metanx® [NCT00933998]20 participants (Actual)Interventional2006-06-30Completed
Single-blinded, Stratified, Multiple Ascending Dose Trial to Assess Pharmacokinetics and Identify Optimal Dose of Vitamin B12 in Pregnancy in Tanzania [NCT05426395]Phase 150 participants (Anticipated)Interventional2023-06-05Recruiting
Platelet Rich Plasma Injection Versus Surgical and Medical Treatment of Mild-moderate Carpel Tunnel Syndrome. [NCT04235426]Phase 190 participants (Actual)Interventional2018-01-26Active, not recruiting
A Phase II Trial of Pemetrexed (Alimta [Registered Trademark]) Combined With Sirolimus (Rapamycin, Rapamune [Registered Trademark]) in Subjects With Relapsed or Refractory NSCLC [NCT00923273]Phase 1/Phase 242 participants (Actual)Interventional2008-02-29Terminated(stopped due to Premature closure - investigator left the National Institutes of Health.)
Routine Administration of Folic Acid and Vitamin B12 to Prevent Childhood Infections in Young Indian Children [NCT00717730]Phase 21,000 participants (Actual)Interventional2010-01-31Completed
A Retrospective Analysis of Neevo® and Neevo®DHA Compared to a Standard Prenatal Vitamin in Anemia During Pregnancy (N-001) [NCT01062958]100 participants (Actual)Observational2009-12-31Completed
Efficacy of a Therapeutic Treatment Trial in Angelman Syndrome [NCT00348933]90 participants (Actual)Interventional2006-07-31Completed
Effect of Toothpaste Fortified With Cyanocobalamin on Vitamin B12 Status: A 3 Month Placebo Controlled Randomized Study [NCT02679833]180 participants (Actual)Interventional2014-11-30Completed
Double Blind Evaluation of Gamma-aminobutyric Acid Tartarate 100 mg, Glutamic Acid 100 mg, Dibasic Calcium Phosphate 50 mg, Thiamine Nitrate 25 mg, Pyridoxine Chloride 10 mg and Cyanocobalamin 5 mcg Versus Ginger for Vertigo-kinetosis [NCT05221892]Phase 4334 participants (Actual)Interventional2021-11-22Completed
A Randomized, Double-Blind, Phase III Study of Platinum+Pemetrexed Chemotherapy With or Without Pembrolizumab (MK-3475) in First Line Metastatic Non-squamous Non-small Cell Lung Cancer Subjects (KEYNOTE-189) [NCT03950674]Phase 340 participants (Actual)Interventional2016-02-22Completed
A Randomized, Double-Blind, Phase III Study of Platinum+Pemetrexed Chemotherapy With or Without Pembrolizumab (MK-3475) in First Line Metastatic Non-squamous Non-small Cell Lung Cancer Subjects (KEYNOTE-189) [NCT02578680]Phase 3616 participants (Actual)Interventional2016-01-15Completed
Vitamin B12 vs B3 for Nerve Regeneration and Functional Recovery After Pediatric Traumatic Brain Injury [NCT05958277]Phase 3300 participants (Actual)Interventional2021-06-01Completed
Multicenter, Randomized, Double-blind, Phase III Trial to Investigate the Efficacy and Safety of Oral BIBF 1120 Plus Standard Pemetrexed Therapy Compared to Placebo Plus Standard Pemetrexed Therapy in Patients With Stage IIIB/IV or Recurrent Non Small Cel [NCT00806819]Phase 3718 participants (Actual)Interventional2008-12-31Completed
Efficacy of Methylcobalamin and Folinic Acid Treatment on Glutathione Redox Status and Core Behavior in Children With Autism [NCT00692315]40 participants (Actual)Interventional2006-09-30Completed
Preliminary Evidences of Active Form of Folic Acid and Vitamin B12 Supplementation to Ameliorate Cell Membrane in Children With Cystic Fibrosis [NCT00730509]31 participants (Actual)Interventional2004-04-30Completed
Evaluation of the Clinical Efficacy and Safety of Dapoxetine, Combined Dapoxetine With Folic Acid and Combined Dapoxetine With Vitamin B12 in Treatment of Patients With Premature Ejaculation: A Randomized Placebo-controlled Clinical Trial [NCT04085354]Phase 3120 participants (Actual)Interventional2019-02-10Completed
Effectiveness of Phonophoresis With Vitamin B12 on Patients With Mild to Moderate Carpal Tunnel Syndrome: A Randomized Controlled Trial [NCT05260593]54 participants (Anticipated)Interventional2022-03-16Active, not recruiting
Cobalamin Status in Young Children With Developmental Delay and Regression [NCT00710138]100 participants (Anticipated)Interventional2008-06-30Completed
Examining the Commonness of the C677T Mutation in the MTHFR Gene in Subjects With B12 Deficiency and the Influence of the B12 Deficiency Combined With the C677T Mutation on the MTHFR Gene on Endothelial Function. [NCT00730574]100 participants (Actual)Interventional2008-07-31Terminated(stopped due to completed patient rectuitment)
Effect of Ultra-short-term Treatment of Patients With Iron Deficiency or Anemia Undergoing Adolescent Scoliosis Correction [NCT04343170]44 participants (Anticipated)Interventional2023-11-01Active, not recruiting
A Placebo-Controlled Trial of Folate With B12 in Schizophrenia Patients With Residual Symptoms [NCT00611806]Phase 4140 participants (Actual)Interventional2007-12-31Completed
A Randomized, Phase 2b, Multi-center Study of Pralatrexate Versus Erlotinib in Patients With Stage IIIB/IV Non-small Cell Lung Cancer After Failure of at Least 1 Prior Platinum-based Treatment [NCT00606502]Phase 2201 participants (Actual)Interventional2008-01-31Completed
Protocol Comparing a Nutraceutical Formulation Consisting of Omega-3 Fatty Acids, Vitamin D, and Vitamins B6 Plus B12 Versus No Treatment in the Prevention or Reduction of Chemotherapy Induced Peripheral Neuropathy (CIPN) in Patients Treated With Docetaxe [NCT02795572]Phase 213 participants (Actual)Interventional2017-06-27Terminated(stopped due to Retirement of the Principal Investigator)
Effect of Homocysteine-Lowering Therapy With Folic Acid, Vitamin B12, and Vitamin B6 on Endothelium-Dependent Vasodilatation of Forearm Resistance Vessels in Patients With Coronary Heart Disease [NCT00693589]Phase 236 participants (Actual)Interventional2005-01-31Completed
Long-term Use of Proton Pump Inhibitors May Cause Vitamin B12 Deficiency in the Institutionalized Elderly [NCT00843453]36 participants (Actual)Interventional2006-11-30Completed
Comparison of Vitamin B12 Supplementation and SSRI to SSRI Monotherapy in Treating Depression With Low Normal B12: A Randomized Open Label trialComparison of Vitamin B12 Supplementation to SSRI Versus SSRI Antidepressant Treatment Alone [NCT00939718]268 participants (Anticipated)Interventional2009-04-30Active, not recruiting
An Exploratory Phase 2 Study of Pemetrexed/Cisplatin as Pre-operative Chemotherapy in the Treatment of Stage IIIAN2 Nonsquamous Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer [NCT01165021]Phase 219 participants (Actual)Interventional2010-11-30Completed
Pemetrexed With Simplified Folate and Dexamethasone Supplementation Versus Pemetrexed With Standard Supplementation as Second-line Chemotherapy for Patients With Non-squamous Non-small Cell Lung Cancer [NCT00609518]Phase 2111 participants (Actual)Interventional2008-02-29Completed
Vitamin B12 and Folic Acid Supplementation for Preventing Fractures in Elderly People [NCT00696514]Phase 13,000 participants (Anticipated)Interventional2008-09-30Active, not recruiting
Effect of Oral Vitamin B12 Administration for Vitamin B12 Deficiency After Total Gastrectomy [NCT00699478]Phase 230 participants (Actual)Interventional2008-04-30Completed
Effect of Folic Acid and Vitamin B12 Supplementation on Biochemical Parameters in Subjects With Type-2 Diabetes [NCT02786823]Phase 2/Phase 380 participants (Actual)Interventional2017-05-01Completed
Pharmacogenetics of Adverse Outcomes After Nitrous Oxide Anesthesia [NCT00655980]687 participants (Actual)Interventional2008-02-29Completed
Profile of Mother-caregivers of Children With Duchenne Muscular Dystrophy [NCT01921374]60 participants (Actual)Interventional2013-08-31Completed
A Comparison of Two Different Doses of Maternal B12 Supplementation in Improving Infant B12 Deficiency and Neurodevelopment [NCT04083560]708 participants (Actual)Interventional2018-09-26Completed
Relationships of One-carbon Cycle Pathway With Psychopathology and Metabolic Abnormalities in Patients With Schizophrenia and Potential Intervention Strategy With Folic Acid and Vitamin B12 [NCT02916121]88 participants (Anticipated)Interventional2016-10-31Not yet recruiting
Can Oral Vitamin B12 and Folate Supplementation Preserve Cognitive Function of Patients With Early Dementia? [NCT00164970]Phase 4166 participants (Anticipated)Interventional2004-10-31Completed
SEARCH: Study of the Effectiveness of Additional Reductions in Cholesterol and Homocysteine [NCT00124072]Phase 312,064 participants (Actual)Interventional1998-07-31Completed
A Phase 1/2a Open-label Study of Pralatrexate and Gemcitabine With Vitamin B12 and Folic Acid Supplementation in Patients With Relapsed or Refractory Lymphoproliferative Malignancies [NCT00481871]Phase 1/Phase 2119 participants (Actual)Interventional2007-05-31Completed
Assessment of Cobalamin Status and Responses to Supplementation in Patients With Parkinson's Disease : a Pilot Study [NCT00208611]Phase 2/Phase 357 participants (Actual)Interventional2006-09-30Terminated(stopped due to Funding ended and enrollment not completed within a certain time period)
A Phase IB Study of Pembrolizumab in Combination With Pemetrexed and Oxaliplatin in Patients With Chemo-Refractory Metastatic Colorectal Cancer [NCT03626922]Phase 133 participants (Anticipated)Interventional2019-05-15Active, not recruiting
A Nutritional Intervention for Diabetic Neuropathy (WCCR-DN2) [NCT01953757]20 participants (Actual)Interventional2013-09-30Completed
Does Small Scale Cereal-based Fortification Hold the Key to Improved Micronutrient Status in Ethiopia? The Case of Folic Acid and Vitamin B12 in Teenage Girls in Arba Minch, Ethiopia [NCT06100146]474 participants (Anticipated)Interventional2023-09-06Recruiting
Double-Blind Vitamin Intervention to Lower Blood Homocysteine Levels: Amino Acid and Clinical Responses in Individuals With Schizophrenia. [NCT00403247]50 participants (Actual)Interventional2004-07-31Completed
A Multi-Institution Phase II Study of Pralatrexate With Vitamin B12 and Folic Acid Supplementation for Previously Treated Recurrent or Metastatic Head and Neck Squamous Cell Cancer (HNSCC) [NCT01183065]Phase 213 participants (Actual)Interventional2010-08-31Completed
Phase I/II Clinical Study of Pralatrexate in Japanese Patients With Relapsed or Refractory Peripheral T-cell Lymphoma [NCT02013362]Phase 1/Phase 225 participants (Actual)Interventional2014-03-31Completed
Iron Supplementation and Immune Responses to Maternal Vaccination in Pregnant Women [NCT05385042]Phase 4150 participants (Anticipated)Interventional2022-06-18Recruiting
Vitamin B12 and Folinic Acid Supplementation in Mitochondrial DNA Deletion Syndromes [NCT06186154]Phase 125 participants (Anticipated)Interventional2024-01-31Not yet recruiting
The Role Of IV Iron (Ferric Carboxymaltose) And IM Vitamin B12 (Hydroxycobalamin) Supplementation In The Management Of Anaemic Prevalent Indian Hemodialysis Patients: A Parallel Group, Quadruple Blind, Placebo-Controlled, Pragmatic Randomized Control Tria [NCT04627181]Phase 4100 participants (Anticipated)Interventional2020-11-18Recruiting
Comparative Efficacy of Antidepressants With L-methylfolate, B12, and Magnesium in Depressive Disorders [NCT05931965]88 participants (Actual)Interventional2022-10-05Completed
Zinc Vitamin D and b12 Levels in the Covid-19 Positive Pregnant Women [NCT04407572]44 participants (Actual)Observational2020-04-20Completed
Efficacy and Safety of FORRAD® for the Management of Radiation-induced Mucositis in Patients With Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma Receiving IMRT: A Single-center, Randomized Controlled Trial [NCT02735317]Phase 290 participants (Anticipated)Interventional2016-04-30Not yet recruiting
Effect of Natural Compounds on the Severity of HPV-induced Cervical Lesions [NCT05625308]40 participants (Actual)Interventional2022-07-01Completed
A Phase 2, Single-arm, Open-label, Multi-center Study of Pralatrexate in Patients With Relapsed or Refractory B-cell Non-Hodgkin's Lymphoma [NCT00998946]Phase 229 participants (Actual)Interventional2009-09-30Completed
Phase 2 Pharmacological Study of Pemetrexed Administered With Cisplatin and a Vitamin Supplement in Patients With Nonresectable Pleural Mesothelioma [NCT00541073]Phase 260 participants (Anticipated)Interventional2007-06-30Completed
Effect of Vitamin B Substitution on Plasma NFL and Neurocognitive Performance in HIV-infected Individuals With Increased Plasma Homocysteine [NCT02773147]Phase 260 participants (Anticipated)Interventional2016-04-30Recruiting
Efficacy of L-methylfolate and Methylcobalamine in Treating Hypertension and Its Impact on Serum Homocysteine in Hemodialysis Patients With Resistant Hypertension [NCT05807711]Phase 450 participants (Anticipated)Interventional2023-04-01Recruiting
A Phase 1, Open-label Study of Pralatrexate With Vitamin B12 and Folic Acid Supplementation in Patients With Relapsed or Refractory Cutaneous T-cell Lymphoma [NCT00554827]Phase 155 participants (Actual)Interventional2007-08-31Completed
Phase III Study Analyzing the Effectiveness of Dalteparin Therapy as Intervention in Recurrent Pregnancy Loss [NCT00400387]Phase 3449 participants (Actual)Interventional2006-11-30Completed
Topical Vitamin B12 in Chronic Plaque Psoriasis [NCT00350116]Phase 348 participants Interventional2001-01-31Completed
Air Pollution, Epigenetics and Cardiovascular Health: A Human Intervention Trial [NCT01864824]Phase 110 participants (Actual)Interventional2013-06-30Completed
University Hospital [NCT05312346]50 participants (Anticipated)Observational2022-04-01Not yet recruiting
Effects of Vitamin B12 Fortified Milk Supplementation During Pregnancy and 6 Month Postpartum to Improve B12 Status and Child Development [NCT03258385]155 participants (Actual)Interventional2017-09-01Completed
Vitamin D, Vitamin B12, and Folic Acid Among Patients With Lifelong Premature Ejaculation and Non-responding to Dapoxetine Treatment. [NCT04355949]60 participants (Actual)Interventional2020-02-28Completed
Vitamin Intervention for Stroke Prevention [NCT00004734]Phase 30 participants Interventional1996-09-30Completed
Efficacy of a Novel Multivitamin-Mineral Supplement in Preventing Vitamin Deficiency in Postoperative Bariatric Patients [NCT01475617]Phase 2/Phase 361 participants (Actual)Interventional2011-11-30Completed
Oral Versus Intramuscular Cobalamin to Treat Cobalamin Deficiency: Noninferiority Randomised Controlled Trial Pragmatic and Multi-center in the Primary Healthcare Setting (OB12 Project) [NCT01476007]284 participants (Actual)Interventional2014-07-31Completed
Impact of Vitamin B12 Supplementation With Iron and Folic Acid on Adolescent Girls [NCT01490944]Phase 2360 participants (Anticipated)Interventional2012-01-31Recruiting
GLP-1 Therapy: The Role of IL-6 Signaling and Adipose Tissue Remodeling in Metabolic Response [NCT04387201]Phase 423 participants (Actual)Interventional2020-05-15Active, not recruiting
Administrative Claims Analysis of Metanx® in Diabetic Peripheral Neuropathy [NCT01247558]500 participants (Anticipated)Observational2010-11-30Completed
Neuroprotective Effect of Vitamin B12 and Vitamin B6 Against Vincristine Induced Peripheral Neuropathy: A Randomized, Double Blind, Placebo Controlled, Multi Center Trial [NCT02923388]Phase 488 participants (Actual)Interventional2016-10-31Completed
A Randomized, Placebo-controlled Single-center Pilot Study of the Hemodynamic Effects of Methylene Blue vs Hydroxocobalamin in Patients at Risk of Vasoplegia Undergoing Cardiac Surgery With Cardiopulmonary Bypass [NCT03446599]Phase 20 participants (Actual)Interventional2019-11-30Withdrawn(stopped due to Lack of funding)
The Effect of Oral Vitamin B12 Supplementation on Cognitive Performance in Elderly People: the Brain12 Study [NCT00111267]165 participants Interventional2003-05-31Completed
[NCT00288769]0 participants Interventional2006-03-31Completed
Plasma Holotranscobalamin as Compared to Plasma Cobalamins for Assessment of Vitamin B12 Absorption. Optimisation of a Non-Radioactive Vitamin B12 Absorption Test (CobaSorb) [NCT00306358]78 participants Interventional2005-05-31Completed
How Many Patients Are in Need of Vitamin B12 Injections? [NCT00326833]Phase 450 participants (Anticipated)Interventional2006-01-31Active, not recruiting
A Pilot Study to Assess Whether the Combination of Phentermine and B12 Has a Significant Effect on Weight Loss Among an Obese Study Population [NCT01719185]Early Phase 122 participants (Actual)Interventional2012-09-30Completed
Cobalamin Supplementation During Infancy; Effect on B-vitamin Status, Growth and Psychomotor Development [NCT00479479]107 participants (Actual)Interventional2004-12-31Completed
Randomized Trial of Vitamin B12 in Pregnant Indian Women [NCT00641862]366 participants (Actual)Interventional2008-12-31Completed
Phase I/II Study of Carboplatin and Pralatrexate in Patients With Recurrent Platinum-Sensitive Ovarian, Fallopian or Primary Peritoneal Cancer [NCT01188876]Phase 1/Phase 250 participants (Actual)Interventional2010-08-31Completed
Neuropathic Pain Treatment Using F0434 vs. Gabapentin in Patients With Chronic Distal Diabetic Polyneuropathy: A Randomized, Controlled, Double-blind Study [NCT01263132]Phase 3104 participants (Actual)Interventional2008-02-29Completed
VIP (Vitamins In Psychosis) Study. A Randomized Double Blind Placebo Controlled Trial of the Effects of Vitamin B12, B6 and Folic Acid Augmentation on Cognition and Symptoms in Early Psychosis. [NCT00202280]Phase 2/Phase 3120 participants (Actual)Interventional2004-09-30Completed
Beyond Ageing Project: A RCT to Assess the Benefit of Improving Mental Health Literacy as Well as the Effect of Folate and B12, and Physical Activity, in Preventing Major Depression and Cognitive Decline Among Older Australians [NCT00214682]Phase 2909 participants (Actual)Interventional2005-10-31Completed
[NCT01514942]Phase 40 participants InterventionalCompleted
Vitamin B12 Supplementation in Diabetic Neuropathy :1-year Double Blind Randomized Placebo-Controlled Trial [NCT04706377]90 participants (Actual)Interventional2018-02-01Completed
B-Vitamin Atherosclerosis Intervention Trial (BVAIT) [NCT00114400]Phase 2/Phase 3506 participants Interventional2000-11-30Completed
Effect of Vitamin B12 on the Human Circadian Pacemaker [NCT00120484]10 participants (Actual)Interventional2005-04-30Completed
A Open,Randomized Phase II Trial Comparing Local Use of rhGM-CSF and Compound Vitamin B12 Solution to Compound Vitamin B12 Solution Alone Treating Chemoradiotherapy-induced Oral Mucositis in Patients With Primary Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma [NCT01806272]Phase 2160 participants (Anticipated)Interventional2013-03-31Recruiting
A Dose-finding Randomized Trial of Vitamin B12 Supplementation: Biomarker Responses and Implications for Dietary Recommendations. [NCT04731948]200 participants (Actual)Interventional2004-10-01Completed
High Dose Supplements to Reduce Homocysteine and Slow the Rate of Cognitive Decline in Alzheimer's Disease (Vitamins to Slow Alzheimer's - VITAL) [NCT00056225]Phase 3340 participants (Actual)Interventional2003-01-31Completed
A Randomized Study of Oral Vitamin B12 for the Treatment of Aromatase Inhibitors (AI)-Associated Musculoskeletal Symptoms (AIMSS) in Women With Early Stage Breast Cancer [NCT04205786]150 participants (Anticipated)Interventional2021-08-12Recruiting
A 24 Week, Double-blind, Placebo-controlled, Multisite Study of Metanx® in Subjects With Type 2 Diabetic Peripheral Neuropathy (DPN) [NCT00726713]Phase 4214 participants (Actual)Interventional2008-06-30Completed
Autologous Tansfusion REquirements in Bone MArrow Harvest: The ATREMA Study [NCT04355130]7 participants (Actual)Observational2020-03-20Completed
Randomized Trial of Homocysteine-lowering With B Vitamins for Secondary Prevention of Cardiovascular Disease After Acute Myocardial Infarction. The Norwegian Vitamin Trial (NORVIT) [NCT00266487]3,750 participants Interventional1998-12-31Completed
A Randomized Trial of Quadruple Fortified Salt for Anemia and Birth Defects Prevention in Southern India [NCT03853304]1,000 participants (Anticipated)Interventional2023-10-01Active, not recruiting
Vitamin Deficiencies and Suppletion in Morbid Obesity [NCT02270749]Phase 450 participants (Actual)Interventional2014-10-31Completed
Novel Skin Preparation Approaches for Transdermal Delivery by Iontophoresis of a Low Molecular Weight, Positively Charged Compound (Vitamin B12) to the Systemic Circulation [NCT04027959]10 participants (Actual)Interventional2017-10-05Completed
Homocysteine Lowering by B Vitamins and the Secondary Prevention of Deep-Vein Thrombosis and Pulmonary Embolism. A Randomized, Placebo-Controlled, Double Blind Trial. [NCT00314990]620 participants Interventional1996-01-31Completed
Intracoronary Administration of Levosimendan in Cardiac Surgery Patients [NCT01500785]Phase 450 participants (Actual)Interventional2018-06-15Terminated(stopped due to Change of schedule)
To Critically Investigate and Evaluate Supplementary Vitamin B12 Effects on Elevated Homocysteine Levels of Vegetarians, Who May Have a Resultant Susceptibility to Hyperhomocysteinemia Related Diseases. [NCT01661309]50 participants (Actual)Interventional2012-03-31Completed
A Comparison Between Pregabalin and Gabapentin as Adjuvants to Opioids in Elective Lumber Micro Discectomy to Control Postoperative Pain. (A Prospective Randomized Controlled Study) [NCT05539924]Phase 372 participants (Anticipated)Interventional2022-09-15Enrolling by invitation
A Nutritional Intervention for Diabetic Neuropathy [NCT01690962]15 participants (Actual)Interventional2012-11-30Completed
Metformin Usage Index and Vitamin B12 Status in Egyptian Type 2 Diabetic Patients : A Case Control Study . [NCT04882332]108 participants (Anticipated)Observational2021-05-05Recruiting
Randomized, Double-blind, Placebo Controlled, Multicenter Trial to Evaluate the Neuroprotective Effect of Vitamin B6 and Vitamin B12 Against Vincristine Induced Neurotoxicity in Acute Lymphoblastic Leukaemia Patients [NCT03593304]Phase 2/Phase 340 participants (Actual)Interventional2018-03-29Completed
Management of Preoperative Anaemia in Surgical Oncology as a Tool to Reduce Blood Transfusion Need [NCT05505006]Phase 4500 participants (Anticipated)Interventional2021-03-02Recruiting
A Phase 2,Open-label Study of First Line Pemetrexed Plus Cisplatin Versus Gemcitabine Plus Cisplatin for Advanced and Metastatic Non Small Cell Lung Cancer and Biomarker Study [NCT01194453]Phase 2288 participants (Actual)Interventional2009-11-30Completed
A Phase II/III Study in Patients With Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis (ALS) [NCT00444613]Phase 2/Phase 3373 participants (Actual)Interventional2007-04-30Completed
A Single-Center, Open-Label Study to Assess the Effects of the Addition of Modulators of Homocysteine to Adalimumab Therapy in the Treatment of Moderate to Severe Plaque Psoriasis Evaluated With the PASI, PGA and DLQI [NCT01704599]Phase 1/Phase 28 participants (Actual)Interventional2009-01-31Terminated(stopped due to side effect and poor clinical outcome)
A Phase II Study of Pemetrexed (Alimta) as Second-Line Therapy for Hormone Refractory Prostate Cancer: Hoosier Oncology Group GU03-67 [NCT00216099]Phase 249 participants (Actual)Interventional2005-02-28Completed
Evaluation of Holotranscobalamin as an Indicator of Vitamin B12 Absorption [NCT00235573]21 participants (Actual)Interventional2005-10-31Completed
Pharmacological Treatment on the Recovery of Neurosensory Disturbance After Bilateral Sagittal Split Osteotomy: a Randomized, Double-blind Trial [NCT05536596]Phase 2/Phase 3220 participants (Anticipated)Interventional2022-09-30Not yet recruiting
Acceptance and Biomarker Response With Oral vs. Intramuscular Supplementation of Vitamin B12 in Primary Care [NCT01832129]Phase 437 participants (Actual)Interventional2013-05-31Completed
Phase II Trial of Bevacizumab in Combination With Pemetrexed as Second Line Therapy in Patients With Stable Brain Metastases From Non-small Cell Lung Cancer (NSCLC) (Excluding Squamous Cell Carcinoma) [NCT00227019]Phase 216 participants (Actual)Interventional2006-03-31Completed
Therapies to Prevent Progression of COVID-19, Including Hydroxychloroquine, Azithromycin, Zinc, Vitamin D, Vitamin B12 With or Without Vitamin C, a Multi-centre, International, Randomized Trial: The International ALLIANCE Study [NCT04395768]Phase 2200 participants (Anticipated)Interventional2020-09-09Recruiting
A Randomised Double Blind Study of the Effects of Homocysteine Lowering Therapy on Mortality and Cardiac Events in Patients Undergoing Coronary Angiography [NCT00354081]Phase 33,096 participants (Actual)Interventional1999-04-30Completed
A Phase II Study of Pemetrexed/Carboplatin/Radiotherapy and Bevacizumab in Patients With Unresectable Stage III Non-Small-Cell Lung Cancer [NCT00402883]Phase 25 participants (Actual)Interventional2006-11-30Terminated(stopped due to Terminated due to bevacizumab and chemoradiotherapy toxicity)
Women's Antioxidant and Folic Acid Cardiovascular Study (WAFACS) [NCT00000541]Phase 20 participants Interventional1993-05-31Completed
[NCT00004495]84 participants (Anticipated)Interventional1999-06-30Completed
Hydroxocobalamin Approach for Reducing of Calprotectin With Butyrate for Ulcerative [NCT04259060]Phase 242 participants (Anticipated)Interventional2024-01-31Not yet recruiting
Cervical Preparation Before Dilation and Evacuation in the Second Trimester: A Multicenter Randomized Trial Comparing Osmotic Dilators Alone to Dilators Plus Adjunctive Misoprostol or Adjunctive Mifepristone. [NCT01751087]300 participants (Actual)Interventional2013-01-31Completed
SHARON: Study of Metastatic Cancers in Patients With a Defect in a Homologous Recombination Gene Using Autologous Stems Cells and Potentiated Redox Cycling to Overcome Drug Resistance to Nitrogen Mustard Derivatives [NCT04150042]Phase 110 participants (Anticipated)Interventional2021-01-13Recruiting
Serum Vitamin D, HbA1c and Vitamin B12 Levels in Patients With Gingivitis and Periodontitis Stages [NCT05745779]606 participants (Actual)Observational2022-08-11Completed
Effect of Methyl-donor Nutrient Supplementation on Methylation Profile of Inflammatory-related Genes in Lupus Patients With Obesity: a Clinical Trial [NCT05097365]48 participants (Anticipated)Interventional2022-01-01Not yet recruiting
Effect of Methylcobalamin and Cyanocobalamin Consumption on Vitamin B12 Nutritional Status in Vegetarians With Marginal Vitamin B12 Deficiency. Randomized, Parallel, Placebo-Controlled, Triple-Blind Clinical Trial. [NCT05785585]54 participants (Anticipated)Interventional2023-09-09Recruiting
Intrathecal Pemetrexed for Recurrent Leptomeningeal Metastasis From Non-small Cell Lung Cancer: A Prospective Pilot Clinical Trial [NCT03101579]Phase 113 participants (Actual)Interventional2017-03-01Completed
Role of Vitamin B12 Supplementation During Pregnancy and Postpartum to Reduce Nutritional Anemia and Improve Immunity in Bangladeshi Women and Their Infants [NCT01795131]Phase 2/Phase 3120 participants (Actual)Interventional2010-02-28Completed
The Efficacy of Mecobalamin Injection and Tablet Treatment on Mild to Moderate Diabetic Peripheral Neuropathy： a Randomized Controlled Clinical Trial [NCT04372316]Phase 230 participants (Anticipated)Interventional2017-12-25Recruiting
Phase 2 Study of Pralatrexate in Female Patients With Previously-treated Advanced or Metastatic Breast Cancer [NCT01118624]Phase 222 participants (Actual)Interventional2010-03-31Completed
A Phase II, Randomized, Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled Study for High-Dose Hydroxocobalamin (Vitamin B12A) for Vasopressor Refractory Hypotension Following Cardiopulmonary Bypass [NCT03735316]Phase 28 participants (Actual)Interventional2019-04-25Terminated(stopped due to Insufficient recruitment over study period)
MTHFR Gene Mutation C6777T and Concentration of Vitamin B12, Folic Acid, Homocysteine and High Sensitive CRP in the Blood of Pregnant Women With Gestational Diabetes Mellitus. [NCT04952324]100 participants (Actual)Observational [Patient Registry]2020-09-01Completed
Phase II Randomized Evaluation of 5-Lipoxygenase Inhibition by Herbal Complementary and Alternative Medicine Approach Compared to Control as an Adjuvant Therapy in Newly Diagnosed and Recurrent High-grade Gliomas [NCT00243022]Phase 212 participants (Actual)Interventional2004-09-30Terminated(stopped due to Slow accrual)
Double Blind Placebo Controlled Trial of Methyl B12 on Behavioral and Metabolic Measures in Children With Autism [NCT01039792]Phase 2/Phase 357 participants (Actual)Interventional2010-01-31Completed
Supplementation of Vitamin B12 in Pregnancy and Postpartum on Growth and Cognitive Functioning in Early Childhood: A Randomized, Placebo Controlled Trial [NCT03071666]Phase 2/Phase 3800 participants (Actual)Interventional2017-03-27Active, not recruiting
Comparison of Post-Operative Nutritional Deficiency Between Laparoscopic Sleeve Gastrectomy Versus Laparoscopic Gastric Bypass [NCT04717973]50 participants (Actual)Observational2021-01-05Completed
Effect of Preoperative Intervention With Folic Acid and Vitamin B12 on Postoperative Neurobehavioral Changes in Children [NCT04456985]360 participants (Anticipated)Interventional2020-06-01Recruiting
Changes in Hematologic Profile, Vitamin B12 and Folic Acid Level in Cirrhotic Patients Received Sofosbuvir and Daclatasvir With or Without Ribavirin [NCT03283176]50 participants (Actual)Observational2018-03-01Completed
A Phase II Double Blind Randomized Controlled Trial of High Dose Vitamin B12 in Septic Shock [NCT03783091]Phase 220 participants (Anticipated)Interventional2019-08-05Recruiting
A Phase 2, Single-Arm Study of Pralatrexate in Patients With Advanced or Metastatic Relapsed Transitional Cell Carcinoma of the Urinary Bladder [NCT00722553]Phase 230 participants (Actual)Interventional2008-07-31Completed
Effectiveness of Quadruple Fortified Salt in Improving Hemoglobin Levels Among Anemic Women of Reproductive Age (18-49 Years) in Rural Low Resource Setting [NCT04404751]174 participants (Actual)Interventional2019-08-23Completed
A Prospective Randomized Phase III Trial of Maintenance Pemetrexed Versus Observation in Patients With Recurrent or Metastatic Urothelial Carcinoma Who Completed First Line Platinum-based Chemotherapy Without Disease Progression [NCT03193788]Phase 374 participants (Anticipated)Interventional2017-01-31Recruiting
Impact of Vitamin B12 Replacement on Epogen Dosing and Improvement of Quality of Life in Hemodialysis Patients [NCT01876732]132 participants (Actual)Interventional2009-06-30Completed
A Randomized, Open-Label, Phase 3 Study of Cosibelimab (CK-301) in Combination With Platinum+Pemetrexed Chemotherapy in Subjects With First-Line Metastatic Non-squamous Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer [NCT04786964]Phase 325 participants (Actual)Interventional2021-12-08Terminated(stopped due to Regional political conflict)
[information is prepared from clinicaltrials.gov, extracted Sep-2024]

Trial Outcomes

TrialOutcome
NCT00124072 (1) [back to overview]Major Vascular Events (MVE)
NCT00216099 (8) [back to overview]Overall Survival
NCT00216099 (8) [back to overview]Rate of Clinical Benefit
NCT00216099 (8) [back to overview]Time to Progression
NCT00216099 (8) [back to overview]Time to Prostate-Specific Antigen (PSA)/Serological Progression
NCT00216099 (8) [back to overview]Best Overall PSA Response
NCT00216099 (8) [back to overview]OBJECTIVE Overall Response Rate
NCT00216099 (8) [back to overview]RFC1 G80A Genotype
NCT00216099 (8) [back to overview]Safety and Tolerability
NCT00227019 (3) [back to overview]Incidence of Central Nervous System (CNS) Hemorrhagic Events
NCT00227019 (3) [back to overview]Overall Survival (OS)
NCT00227019 (3) [back to overview]Progression-free Survival (PFS)
NCT00235573 (1) [back to overview]Change in Holo-transcobalamin
NCT00243022 (6) [back to overview]Change From Baseline in Peritumoral Brain Edema
NCT00243022 (6) [back to overview]Change From Pooled Baseline in Peritumoral Brain Edema
NCT00243022 (6) [back to overview]Overall Survival: Percentage of Patients That Were Alive at 1 Year
NCT00243022 (6) [back to overview]Time-to-tumor-progression: Percentage of Patients With Tumor Progression at 1 Year
NCT00243022 (6) [back to overview]Time-to-tumor-progression: Percentage of Patients With Tumor Progression at 6 Months
NCT00243022 (6) [back to overview]Change From Baseline in Peritumoral Brain Edema
NCT00348933 (3) [back to overview]Change in RBC Folate
NCT00348933 (3) [back to overview]Average Change in Functioning in Specific Areas of Development, Including Speech and Communications Skills, Cognitive Abilities and Daily Living Skills
NCT00348933 (3) [back to overview]Change in Levels of Betaine, Creatine, Dimethylglycine, Guanidinoacetate, Homocysteine, and Methionine.
NCT00481871 (3) [back to overview]Progression-free Survival (PFS) Time
NCT00481871 (3) [back to overview]Objective Responses Assessed by International Workshop Criteria (IWC)
NCT00481871 (3) [back to overview]Duration of Response
NCT00606502 (4) [back to overview]Overall Survival (OS) of Patients Receiving Pralatrexate vs. Erlotinib
NCT00606502 (4) [back to overview]Response Rate (RR) to Treatment of Patients Receiving Pralatrexate vs. Erlotinib
NCT00606502 (4) [back to overview]Progression-free Survival (PFS) of Patients Receiving Pralatrexate vs. Erlotinib
NCT00606502 (4) [back to overview]Adverse Events of Patients Receiving Pralatrexate vs. Erlotinib
NCT00609518 (4) [back to overview]Safety: Number of Participants With Drug-Related Grade 3 or 4 Toxicity
NCT00609518 (4) [back to overview]Proportion of Participants With Best Overall Tumor Response (Response Rate)
NCT00609518 (4) [back to overview]Overall Survival
NCT00609518 (4) [back to overview]Progression-free Survival (PFS)
NCT00611806 (4) [back to overview]Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale (PANSS)
NCT00611806 (4) [back to overview]Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale (PANSS) and FOLH1, MTHRF, MTR, and COMT Genotype
NCT00611806 (4) [back to overview]Positive Sub Scale of the Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale (PANSS)
NCT00611806 (4) [back to overview]Scale for Assessment of Negative Symptoms (SANS)
NCT00641862 (6) [back to overview]Changes in Maternal Serum B12 Concentration From 1st to 3rd Trimester
NCT00641862 (6) [back to overview]Cognitive Scale, Bayley Scales of Infant Development, 3rd Edition
NCT00641862 (6) [back to overview]Expressive Language Scale, Bayley Scales of Infant Development, 3rd Edition
NCT00641862 (6) [back to overview]Fine Motor Scale, Bayley Scales of Infant Development, 3rd Edition
NCT00641862 (6) [back to overview]Gross Motor Scale, Bayley Scales of Infant Development, 3rd Edition
NCT00641862 (6) [back to overview]Receptive Language Scale, Bayley Scales of Infant Development, 3rd Edition
NCT00655980 (1) [back to overview]Non-fatal MI
NCT00659269 (4) [back to overview]Change in Neurotoxicity Assessment Between Cycle 4 and Baseline
NCT00659269 (4) [back to overview]Neurotoxicity Assessment at Baseline
NCT00659269 (4) [back to overview]Neurotoxicity Assessment at Cycle 2
NCT00659269 (4) [back to overview]Neurotoxicity Assessment at Cycle 4
NCT00722553 (5) [back to overview]Progression Free Survival (PFS)
NCT00722553 (5) [back to overview]Clinical Benefit Rate (CBR)
NCT00722553 (5) [back to overview]Duration of Response (DOR)
NCT00722553 (5) [back to overview]Objective Response Rate (ORR)
NCT00722553 (5) [back to overview]Overall Survival (OS)
NCT00726713 (11) [back to overview]Change From Baseline in SF-36 MCS and SF-36 PCS at Week 24
NCT00726713 (11) [back to overview](Exploratory) Change From Baseline in the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS) Question Inventory at Week 24
NCT00726713 (11) [back to overview]Change From Baseline in 10-point Visual Analog Scale(VAS) at Week 24
NCT00726713 (11) [back to overview](Exploratory) Change From Baseline in Levels of Hs-CRP at Week 24
NCT00726713 (11) [back to overview](Exploratory) Change From Baseline in Levels Potential Antioxidant (PAO) at Week 24
NCT00726713 (11) [back to overview](Exploratory) Change From Baseline in Levels of IL-6 and TNF-α, at Week 24
NCT00726713 (11) [back to overview]Change From Baseline in Vibration Perception Threshold (VPT) at 24 Weeks
NCT00726713 (11) [back to overview]Change From Baseline in Total Homocysteine at Week 16 and 24
NCT00726713 (11) [back to overview]Change From Baseline in Plasma Marker Levels of Total Folate and Total Methyl Malonic Acid (MMA) at Week 16 and 24
NCT00726713 (11) [back to overview]Change From Baseline in Neuropathy Total Symptom Score-6 (NTSS-6)
NCT00726713 (11) [back to overview]Change From Baseline in Neuropathy Disability Score (NDS)at Week 16 and 24
NCT00806819 (14) [back to overview]Overall Survival (Key Secondary Endpoint)
NCT00806819 (14) [back to overview]Change From Baseline in Tumour Size
NCT00806819 (14) [back to overview]Disease Control
NCT00806819 (14) [back to overview]Duration of Confirmed Objective Tumour Response
NCT00806819 (14) [back to overview]Duration of Disease Control
NCT00806819 (14) [back to overview]Progression Free Survival (PFS) as Assessed by Central Independent Review
NCT00806819 (14) [back to overview]Incidence and Intensity of Adverse Events
NCT00806819 (14) [back to overview]Objective Tumor Response
NCT00806819 (14) [back to overview]Quality of Life (QoL)
NCT00806819 (14) [back to overview]Time to Confirmed Objective Tumour Response
NCT00806819 (14) [back to overview]Clinical Improvement.
NCT00806819 (14) [back to overview]Follow-up Analysis of Progression Free Survival (PFS) as Assessed by Central Independent Review
NCT00806819 (14) [back to overview]Follow-up Analysis of Progression Free Survival (PFS) as Assessed by Investigator
NCT00806819 (14) [back to overview]Dose Normalised Predose Plasma Concentration at Steady State (Cpre,ss,Norm) of Nintedanib and of Its Metabolites BIBF 1202 and BIBF 1202 Glucuronide
NCT00835731 (6) [back to overview]Subject Pain During Ripening
NCT00835731 (6) [back to overview]Cervical Dilation in Women Following Exposure to Either Ripening Agent
NCT00835731 (6) [back to overview]Number of Patients for Whom Physician Was Able to Complete Dilation and Evacuation Procedure on First Attempt
NCT00835731 (6) [back to overview]Subject Pain During Dilation and Evacuation
NCT00835731 (6) [back to overview]Procedure Time for Dilation and Evacuation
NCT00835731 (6) [back to overview]Women's Satisfaction With Cervical Ripening Method
NCT00923273 (4) [back to overview]Phase I: Maximum Tolerated Dose (MTD) of Sirolimus
NCT00923273 (4) [back to overview]Phase II: Clinical Response Rate
NCT00923273 (4) [back to overview]Number of Participants With Serious and Non-Serious Adverse Events
NCT00923273 (4) [back to overview]Phase I: Maximum Tolerated Dose (MTD) of Pemetrexed
NCT00998946 (4) [back to overview]Progression Free Survival (PFS)
NCT00998946 (4) [back to overview]Duration of Response (DOR)
NCT00998946 (4) [back to overview]Objective Response Rate (ORR)
NCT00998946 (4) [back to overview]Overall Survival (OS)
NCT01039792 (1) [back to overview]Clinical Global Impression-Improvement (CGI-I)
NCT01057589 (6) [back to overview]Percent of Participants With a Partial Response (PR) or a Complete Response (CR)
NCT01057589 (6) [back to overview]Progression Free Survival (PFS)
NCT01057589 (6) [back to overview]Change From Baseline in Participant Reported EQ-5D Utility Score at End of Triplet Combination Therapy and End of Maintenance Therapy
NCT01057589 (6) [back to overview]Change From Baseline in Participant Reported European-Quality of Life 5 Dimension Instrument (EQ-5D) Visual Analog Scale (VAS) at End of Triplet Combination Therapy and End of Maintenance Therapy
NCT01057589 (6) [back to overview]Change From Baseline in Performance Status Scale for Head and Neck Cancer Patients (PSS-HNC)
NCT01057589 (6) [back to overview]Overall Survival (OS)
NCT01118624 (4) [back to overview]Overall Survival (OS)
NCT01118624 (4) [back to overview]Objective Response Rate (ORR)
NCT01118624 (4) [back to overview]Incidence of Adverse Events (AEs) and Laboratory Abnormalities
NCT01118624 (4) [back to overview]Duration of Response (DOR)
NCT01165021 (5) [back to overview]Percentage of Participants With No Viable Tumor Cells in Resected Lung Tissue [Pathological Complete Remission (pCR)]
NCT01165021 (5) [back to overview]Progression-Free Survival (PFS)
NCT01165021 (5) [back to overview]Percentage of Participants Who Exhibit a Downward Shift in Tumor Extent From Stage IIIAN2 to Stages IIIA, II, I, or Stage 0
NCT01165021 (5) [back to overview]Overall Survival (OS)
NCT01165021 (5) [back to overview]Percentage of Participants With Complete Response (CR) or Partial Response (PR) [Overall Response Rate (ORR)]
NCT01183065 (1) [back to overview]To Determine the Overall Response Rate (CR+PR)
NCT01188876 (6) [back to overview]Maximum Concentration of Drug in Plasma (Cmax)
NCT01188876 (6) [back to overview]Overall Survival
NCT01188876 (6) [back to overview]Progression Free Survival
NCT01188876 (6) [back to overview]Area Under the Plasma Drug Concentration-Time Curve (AUC)
NCT01188876 (6) [back to overview]Treatment Related Adverse Events
NCT01188876 (6) [back to overview]Maximum Tolerated Dose (MTD)
NCT01194453 (2) [back to overview]Progression Free Survival (PFS)
NCT01194453 (2) [back to overview]Response Rate
NCT01263132 (5) [back to overview]Mean Neuropathic Pain Score at Visit 3 (Week 1)
NCT01263132 (5) [back to overview]Mean Neuropathic Pain Score at Visit 4 (Week 2)
NCT01263132 (5) [back to overview]Mean Neuropathic Pain Score at Visit 5 (Week 3)
NCT01263132 (5) [back to overview]Mean Neuropathic Pain Score at Visit 6 (Week 4)
NCT01263132 (5) [back to overview]Quality of Life Survey Assessed Using Short Form 36 (SF-36) Questionnaire
NCT01704599 (24) [back to overview]Number of Participants in the Categories of Having and of Not Having a Serious Adverse Event (SAE)
NCT01704599 (24) [back to overview]Number of Participants in the Categories of Normalizing, Unchanging and Newly Abnormal Electrocardiograms (EKGs)
NCT01704599 (24) [back to overview]Number of Participants Who Fulfilled the Category of Having Height Measured
NCT01704599 (24) [back to overview]Number of Participants With a Categorical Change in Static Physician Global Assessment (sPGA):
NCT01704599 (24) [back to overview]Number of Participants With a Categorical DLQI (Dermatology Life Quality Index) Change
NCT01704599 (24) [back to overview]Number of Participants With Category Change in Serum Folic Acid Level.
NCT01704599 (24) [back to overview]Number of Participants Within the Categories of Increasing and Decreasing Blood Pressure and Pulse Measures:
NCT01704599 (24) [back to overview]Number of Participants in Categories or Increasing and Decreasing Changes Within the CBC (Complete Blood Count)
NCT01704599 (24) [back to overview]Number of Participants With Category Change in Serum VEGF (Vascular Endothelial Growth Factorl)
NCT01704599 (24) [back to overview]Number of Participants With Category Change in Vitamin B12 Blood Level
NCT01704599 (24) [back to overview]Number of Participants Within Categories of Body Temperature Change
NCT01704599 (24) [back to overview]Number of Participants Within the Categories of Elevated and Normal Helicobacter Pylori Antibody
NCT01704599 (24) [back to overview]Number of Participants Within the Categories of Increasing and Decreasing Serum Magnesium
NCT01704599 (24) [back to overview]Number of Participants Within the Categories of Increasing and Decreasing Serum Phosphorus
NCT01704599 (24) [back to overview]Number of Participants Within the Categories of Increasing and Decreasing Serum Vitamin B6 Level
NCT01704599 (24) [back to overview]Number of Participants Within the Categories of Positive Urine Pregnancy Test (Urine Hcg)
NCT01704599 (24) [back to overview]Number of Particpants With a Categorical PASI (Psoriasis Area and Severity Index) Change
NCT01704599 (24) [back to overview]PASI Change in Participants With Baseline VEGF Above 140 pg/ml and in Participants With Normal Baseline VEGF
NCT01704599 (24) [back to overview]Number of Participants in the Categories of Having and Not Having an Adverse Event
NCT01704599 (24) [back to overview]PASI Change Related to Baseline Body Mass Index Above, Below and Equal to 27.3
NCT01704599 (24) [back to overview]Psoriasis Change in Participants With High H. Pylori Titers and With Normal Titers.
NCT01704599 (24) [back to overview]EKG Categoryy Changes Related to Homocysteine Changes
NCT01704599 (24) [back to overview]Number of Participants Within the Categories of Increasign and Decreasing Body Weight
NCT01704599 (24) [back to overview]Number of Participants Within the Categories of Increasing and Decreasing Serum Homocysteine
NCT01751087 (9) [back to overview]Patient Satisfaction With Cervical Prep
NCT01751087 (9) [back to overview]Physician Satisfaction With Cervical Preparation
NCT01751087 (9) [back to overview]Operative Time
NCT01751087 (9) [back to overview]Ability to Complete the D&E on the First Attempt
NCT01751087 (9) [back to overview]Chills (Any) After Day 2 Medication Administration
NCT01751087 (9) [back to overview]Complications From Procedure
NCT01751087 (9) [back to overview]Ease of Mechanical Dilation
NCT01751087 (9) [back to overview]Initial Cervical Dilation
NCT01751087 (9) [back to overview]Need for Mechanical Dilation
NCT01876732 (2) [back to overview]Change in Amount of Epogen Required
NCT01876732 (2) [back to overview]Change in Quality of Life
NCT02272842 (4) [back to overview]The Effect of Vitamin B12 Supplementation on Markers of Vitamin B Status
NCT02272842 (4) [back to overview]Extended Followup: Neurodevelopment (IQ)
NCT02272842 (4) [back to overview]Hemoglobin Concentration
NCT02272842 (4) [back to overview]The Bayley Scales of Infant Development Version 3
NCT02578680 (6) [back to overview]Number of Participants Who Discontinued Any Study Drug Due to an AE
NCT02578680 (6) [back to overview]Progression-Free Survival (PFS) Per Response Evaluation Criteria in Solid Tumors (RECIST) 1.1 as Assessed by Blinded Central Imaging
NCT02578680 (6) [back to overview]Overall Survival (OS)
NCT02578680 (6) [back to overview]Overall Response Rate (ORR) Per RECIST 1.1 as Assessed by Blinded Central Imaging
NCT02578680 (6) [back to overview]Number of Participants Who Experienced an Adverse Event (AE)
NCT02578680 (6) [back to overview]Duration of Response (DOR) Per RECIST 1.1 as Assessed by Blinded Central Imaging
NCT03069313 (4) [back to overview]Percentage Change in Average Joint Pain in Women With Aromatase Inhibitor-associated Musculoskeletal Symptoms (AIMSS) Compared to Baseline as Measured by the Brief Pain Inventory Short Form (BPI-SF).
NCT03069313 (4) [back to overview]Percentage Change in Functional Quality of Life as Measured by the Functional Assessment of Cancer Therapy-Endocrine Scale (FACT-ES)
NCT03069313 (4) [back to overview]Percentage Change in Worst Pain at the End of Treatment .
NCT03069313 (4) [back to overview]Percentage Change of Serum Levels of Vitamin B12, C-reactive Protein (CRP), Homoscyteine (HCys) and Methylmalonic Acid (MMA).
NCT03349333 (18) [back to overview]Overall Survival (OS)
NCT03349333 (18) [back to overview]Objective Response Rate(ORR) by International Working Group Criteria
NCT03349333 (18) [back to overview]Terminal Phase Half-life [t1/2Z] for R-pralatrexate
NCT03349333 (18) [back to overview]Steady State Volume of Distribution [Vdss] for S-pralatrexate
NCT03349333 (18) [back to overview]Steady State Volume of Distribution [Vdss] for R-pralatrexate
NCT03349333 (18) [back to overview]Steady State Clearance [CLss] for S-pralatrexate
NCT03349333 (18) [back to overview]Steady State Clearance [CLss] for R-pralatrexate
NCT03349333 (18) [back to overview]Maximum Observed Plasma Concentration [Cmax] for S-pralatrexate
NCT03349333 (18) [back to overview]Maximum Observed Plasma Concentration [Cmax] for R-pralatrexate
NCT03349333 (18) [back to overview]Area Under the Curve [AUC] for S-pralatrexate
NCT03349333 (18) [back to overview]Area Under the Curve [AUC] for R-pralatrexate
NCT03349333 (18) [back to overview]Time to Response (TTR)
NCT03349333 (18) [back to overview]Progression-Free Survival (PFS)
NCT03349333 (18) [back to overview]Percentage of Participants With Treatment Emergent Adverse Events
NCT03349333 (18) [back to overview]Duration of Responses
NCT03349333 (18) [back to overview]Time of Cmax Observation [Tmax] for S-pralatrexate
NCT03349333 (18) [back to overview]Time of Cmax Observation [Tmax] for R-pralatrexate
NCT03349333 (18) [back to overview]Terminal Phase Half-life [t1/2Z] for S-pralatrexate
NCT03408639 (12) [back to overview]Mean Hb Change Level During the Last Four Weeks of Treatment
NCT03408639 (12) [back to overview]The Proportion of Patients With Treatment Success
NCT03408639 (12) [back to overview]The Proportion of Patients With Maintenance Success
NCT03408639 (12) [back to overview]The Proportion of Patients With Any Permanent or Transient Dose Change
NCT03408639 (12) [back to overview]The Incidence of Hb Levels Above 13 g/dl
NCT03408639 (12) [back to overview]The Percentage of Patients With Hb Measurements More Than 10.0 g/dl
NCT03408639 (12) [back to overview]The Percentage of Patients With Hematocrit Measurements More Than 30%
NCT03408639 (12) [back to overview]The Proportion of Patients Needed Blood Transfusions
NCT03408639 (12) [back to overview]The Incidence of Adverse Events
NCT03408639 (12) [back to overview]Mean Weekly Epoetin Dosage Per kg Body Weight During the Last Four Weeks of Treatment
NCT03408639 (12) [back to overview]The Proportion of Patients With an Increase in Hb Concentration of > 1.0 g/dl for Four Consecutive Weeks
NCT03408639 (12) [back to overview]The Proportion of Patients With Any Hb Measurement Outside the Target Range (10-12 g/dl)
NCT03735316 (6) [back to overview]Change in Mean Arterial Pressure
NCT03735316 (6) [back to overview]Change in Norepinephrine Equivalent Infusion Rate. Norepinephrine Equivalent Table is Listed in the Study Protocol
NCT03735316 (6) [back to overview]Change in Systolic Blood Pressure
NCT03735316 (6) [back to overview]Death
NCT03735316 (6) [back to overview]Duration of Hospital Stay
NCT03735316 (6) [back to overview]Duration of Intensive Care Stay
NCT03950674 (7) [back to overview]Progression-Free Survival (PFS) Per Response Evaluation Criteria in Solid Tumors (RECIST) 1.1 as Assessed by Blinded Central Imaging
NCT03950674 (7) [back to overview]Progression-Free Survival (PFS) as Assessed by Investigator Immune-related RECIST (irRECIST) Response Criteria
NCT03950674 (7) [back to overview]Overall Survival (OS)
NCT03950674 (7) [back to overview]Overall Response Rate (ORR) Per RECIST 1.1 as Assessed by Blinded Central Imaging
NCT03950674 (7) [back to overview]Number of Participants Who Experienced an Adverse Event (AE)
NCT03950674 (7) [back to overview]Number of Participants Who Discontinued Any Study Drug Due to an AE
NCT03950674 (7) [back to overview]Duration of Response (DOR) Per RECIST 1.1 as Assessed by Blinded Central Imaging

Major Vascular Events (MVE)

Major vascular events (MVE) defined as major coronary events (MCE [non-fatal MI, coronary death or coronary revascularisation]), non-fatal or fatal stroke, or peripheral revascularization (peripheral artery angioplasty or arterial surgery, including amputations), during the scheduled study treatment period. (NCT00124072)
Timeframe: 6.7 years median follow-up

InterventionParticipants (Number)
Simvastatin 20 mg Daily1553
Simvastatin 80 mg Daily1477
Folic Acid 2 mg + Vitamin B12 1 mg Daily1537
Placebo1493

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Overall Survival

(NCT00216099)
Timeframe: From study enrollment until death (for life)

Interventionmonths (Median)
Pemetrexed 500mg/m^214

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Rate of Clinical Benefit

"A clinical benefit is defined as an improvement for at least 3 consecutive weeks in at least one of the following parameters without any sustained worsening in any other:~> 50% reduction in analgesic consumption or > 50% reduction in pain intensity or > 20 point gain in performance status." (NCT00216099)
Timeframe: Any time among evaluable subjects (for life)

Interventionpercentage of participants (Number)
Pemetrexed 500mg/m^233

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Time to Progression

Progression per Response Evaluation Criteria in Solid Tumors (RECIST) or Prostate-Specific Antigen (PSA) Progression RECIST PD=at least a 20% increase in the sum of the longest diameter (LD) of target lesions, taking as reference the smallest sum LD recorded since the treatment started or the appearance of one or more new lesions or Appearance of one or more new lesions and/or unequivocal progression of existing non-target lesions PSA progression=increase in PSA to >50% above lowest level recorded on study. Two consecutive increases required at least 4 weeks apart, but time to progression will be determined at time of first PSA showing increase > 50% above baseline *Note, upper confidence interval was not reached* (NCT00216099)
Timeframe: Study enrollment until progression per RECIST or PSA (for life)

Interventionmonths (Median)
Pemetrexed 500mg/m^25

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Time to Prostate-Specific Antigen (PSA)/Serological Progression

Serological Progression (sPD) - increase in PSA to >50% above lowest level recorded on study. Two consecutive increases required at least 4 weeks apart, but time to progression will be determined at time of first PSA showing increase > 50% above baseline (NCT00216099)
Timeframe: From study enrollment to progression per PSA criteria (for life)

Interventionmonths (Median)
Pemetrexed 500mg/m^22

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Best Overall PSA Response

"Best overall Prostate-Specific Antigen (PSA) response~PSA response is defined by a greater than or equal to 50% decline in PSA confirmed by a second PSA value at least 4 weeks after the first PSA response timepoint PSA Stable Disease is defined as less than a 50% decline in PSA and less than a 50% increase in PSA from baseline PSA progression is defined as greater than or equal to a 50% increase in PSA compared to baseline" (NCT00216099)
Timeframe: Start of treatment until disease progression/recurrence (for life)

Interventionpercentage of participatns (Number)
>50% decline in PSAStable PSAPSA progression
Pemetrexed 500mg/m^282065

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OBJECTIVE Overall Response Rate

"Response Evaluation Criteria in Solid Tumors (RECIST). Objective overall response rate is defined as Complete Response (CR) + Partial Response (PR)~Per RECIST:~CR= Disappearance of all target and non-target lesions and normalization of tumor marker level PR= Disappearance of all target lesions and persistence of non-target lesion(s) or maintenance of tumor marker level above normal limits OR at least a 30% decrease in the sum of the longest diameter, taking as reference the baseline sum longest diameter and disappearance of all non-target lesions or persistence of non-target lesion(s) or maintenance of tumor marker level above normal limits" (NCT00216099)
Timeframe: Start of treatment until disease progression/recurrence (for life)

Interventionpercentage of participants (Number)
Participants with PR with meas. dis. per RECISTparticipants with SD maintained at 12 weeks
Pemetrexed 500mg/m^2839

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RFC1 G80A Genotype

Samples for RFC1 G80A pharmacogenetic analysis were collected at screening (NCT00216099)
Timeframe: Screening

Interventionparticipants (Number)
A/A GenotypeA/G GenotypeG/G Genotype
Pemetrexed 500mg/m^262218

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Safety and Tolerability

Safety and Tolerability was evaluated by reporting the percentage of patient who experienced grade 3 or 4 toxicities using Common Terminology Criteria for Adverse Events CTCAE v3.0 criteria. CTCAE grades the severity of an adverse event from 1-5 where 1=least severe and 5=death. (NCT00216099)
Timeframe: 18 months

Interventionpercentage of participants (Number)
Grade 3Grade 4
Pemetrexed 500mg/m^242.98.2

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Incidence of Central Nervous System (CNS) Hemorrhagic Events

Number of events of brain or central nervous system (CNS) bleeding (NCT00227019)
Timeframe: 18 months

InterventionCNS hemorrhagic events (Number)
Bevacizumab + Pemetrexed0

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Overall Survival (OS)

"Overall Survival (OS) is defined as the duration of time from start of treatment to deat.~Kaplan-Meier survival curves for OS were generated with IBM SPSS Statistics version 19.0 (SPSS, Inc, Chicago, IL)." (NCT00227019)
Timeframe: 18 months

Interventionmonths (Median)
Bevacizumab + Pemetrexed14.8

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Progression-free Survival (PFS)

"Progression-free survival (PFS) is defined as the duration of time from start of treatment to time of documented disease progression or death.~Kaplan-Meier survival curves for PFS were generated with IBM SPSS Statistics version 19.0 (SPSS, Inc, Chicago, IL)." (NCT00227019)
Timeframe: 18 months

Interventionmonths (Median)
Bevacizumab + Pemetrexed7.2

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Change in Holo-transcobalamin

Holo-TC is a vitamin B12 carrier protein. Only vitamin B12 bound to holo-TC can be taken up by cells. Changes in holo-TC after an oral dose of vitamin B12 may provide a clinical test to assess vitamin B12 absorption. The change in holo-transcobalamin (holo-TC) from baseline was measured at timed intervals in response to supplemental vitamin B12 and compared to baseline. The purpose was to ascertain the time point at which holo-TC reaches the maximum concentration in the blood following a dose of vitamin B12 in subjects without defects in vitamin B12 absorption. (NCT00235573)
Timeframe: Holo-transcobalamin measured at 24 hours after baseline

Interventionpmol/L (Mean)
Vitamin B12 Group124

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Change From Baseline in Peritumoral Brain Edema

The relative change from baseline will be assessed longitudinally, however, the main comparison of interest is the relative change at the 4-month evaluation. For each patient change = edema at follow up - baseline edema. (NCT00243022)
Timeframe: at 6 months

Interventioncm^3 (Mean)
Arm I (Intervention)-3.7
Arm II (Control)-1.5

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Change From Pooled Baseline in Peritumoral Brain Edema

The relative change from baseline will be assessed longitudinally, however, the main comparison of interest is the relative change at the 4-month evaluation. For each patient change = edema at follow up - baseline edema (NCT00243022)
Timeframe: at 2 months

Interventioncm^3 (Mean)
Arm I (Intervention)-3.87
Arm II (Control)-3.045

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Overall Survival: Percentage of Patients That Were Alive at 1 Year

Overall survival will be measured from the date of enrollment to date of death or last contact. Survival will be evaluated by the Kaplan Meier method to evaluate the median survival and 1 year survival rates. (NCT00243022)
Timeframe: 1 year.

Interventionpercentage of particpants (Number)
Arm I (Intervention)57
Arm II (Control)60

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Time-to-tumor-progression: Percentage of Patients With Tumor Progression at 1 Year

Percentage of participants with tumor progression (>25% increase in tumor volume compared to time 0) will be measured from enrollment to documented progression or death whichever comes first. The method used to calculate the time to tumor progression was Kaplan Meier test method to define the 95% confidence levels. (NCT00243022)
Timeframe: 1 year

Interventionpercentage of participants (Number)
Arm I (Intervention)71
Arm II (Control)80

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Time-to-tumor-progression: Percentage of Patients With Tumor Progression at 6 Months

Percentage of participants with tumor progression (>25% increase in tumor volume compared to time 0) will be measured from enrollment to documented progression or death whichever comes first. The method used to calculate the time to tumor progression was Kaplan Meier test method to define the 95% confidence levels. (NCT00243022)
Timeframe: 6 months

Interventionpercentage of participants (Number)
Arm I (Intervention)43
Arm II (Control)100

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Change From Baseline in Peritumoral Brain Edema

The relative change from baseline will be assessed longitudinally, however, the main comparison of interest is the relative change at the 4-month evaluation.For each patient change = edema at follow up - baseline edema. (NCT00243022)
Timeframe: at 4 months

Interventioncm^3 (Mean)
Arm I (Intervention)-2.7
Arm II (Control)10.21

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Change in RBC Folate

(NCT00348933)
Timeframe: Baseline, 1 year

Interventionng/mL (Mean)
Treatment (Metafolin/Creatine/Betaine/B12)77

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Average Change in Functioning in Specific Areas of Development, Including Speech and Communications Skills, Cognitive Abilities and Daily Living Skills

"Primary:~Bayley Scales of Infant Development measures Mental Developmental Index standard scores 0 (least skilled) - 100 (most skilled) Psychomotor Developmental Index standard scores 0 (least skilled - 10 (most skilled) Vineland Adaptive Behavior Scales (VABS), Communication standard scores 0 (least skilled) - 100 (most skilled) Daily Living Skills standard scores 0 (least skilled) - 100 (most skilled) Socialization standard scores 0 (least skilled) - 100 (most skilled) Motor Skills standard scores 0 (least skilled) - 100 (most skilled) Preschool Language Scale (PLS), Auditory Comprehension 0 (least skilled) - 100 (most skilled) Expressive Communication 0 (least skilled) - 100 (most skilled)" (NCT00348933)
Timeframe: Baseline, 1 year

Interventionunits on a scale (Mean)
Bayley Scales Mental Developmental IndexBayley Scales Psychomotor Developmental IndexVABS CommunicationVABS Daily Living SkillsVABS SocializationVABS Motor SkillsPLS Auditory ComprehensionPLS Expressive Communication
Treatment (Metafolin/Creatine/Betaine/B12)5.74.75.83.74.72.02.05.5

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Change in Levels of Betaine, Creatine, Dimethylglycine, Guanidinoacetate, Homocysteine, and Methionine.

(NCT00348933)
Timeframe: Baseline, 1 year

Interventionmmol/L (Mean)
BetaineCreatineDimethylglycineGuanidinoacetateHomocysteineMethionine
Treatment (Metafolin/Creatine/Betain/B12)206.983.393.70.112.35.5

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Progression-free Survival (PFS) Time

PFS time was calculated as the number of days from study day 1 to the date of PD or death, regardless of cause (date of PD or death - study day 1 + 1). (NCT00481871)
Timeframe: Response assessments were performed no less than every 3 cycles in the Phase 1 part of the study and every 8 weeks (± 1 week) in the Phase 2a part of the study

Interventiondays (Median)
Phase 153.0
Phase 2 - Group B59.0
Phase 2 - Group C54.0

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Objective Responses Assessed by International Workshop Criteria (IWC)

Number of participants who achieved an objective response. Objective response was defined as a tumor response assessment of either complete response (CR) or partial response (PR) and was determined only for patients with measurable disease at baseline. A tumor response assessment reported by IWC without PET was used for any analyses in cases where an IWC+PET evaluation was not done. (NCT00481871)
Timeframe: Assessed every 8 weeks (+/- 1 week) for Phase II and no less than every 3 cycles for Phase I

Interventionparticipants (Number)
Phase 18
Phase 2 - Group B5
Phase 2 - Group C7

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Duration of Response

Duration of response was defined as the number of days between the date of first tumor response assessment of objective response to the time of the first tumor response assessment of progressive disease (PD) or death due to any cause (date of first PD assessment or death - date of first objective response assessment + 1) (NCT00481871)
Timeframe: Response assessments were performed no less than every 3 cycles in the Phase 1 part of the study and every 8 weeks (± 1 week) in the Phase 2a part of the study

Interventiondays (Median)
Phase 1174
Phase 2 - Group B210
Phase 2 - Group C170

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Overall Survival (OS) of Patients Receiving Pralatrexate vs. Erlotinib

OS was defined as the length of time from randomization until death due to any cause. Patients who were alive at the time of the data cut-off date were censored at the last contact date. (NCT00606502)
Timeframe: Assessed from date of randomization no less frequently than every 16 weeks for up to 2 years after randomization.

InterventionMonths Survival (Median)
Pralatrexate6.7
Erlotinib7.0

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Response Rate (RR) to Treatment of Patients Receiving Pralatrexate vs. Erlotinib

Number of patients whose tumors responded to Pralatrexate or Erlotinib, using the Response Criteria in Solid Tumors (RECIST). (NCT00606502)
Timeframe: Assessed every 8 weeks for the first 24 weeks, then every 16 weeks for up to 2 years or until PD or start of subsequent treatment.

,
InterventionParticipants (Number)
Complete + Partial ResponseComplete Response (CR)Partial Response (PR)Stable Disease (SD)Progressive Disease (PD)Disease Control (CR+PR+SD)Unable to EvaluateMissing (off or no treatment, not confirmed)
Erlotinib716353642020
Pralatrexate202332935231

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Progression-free Survival (PFS) of Patients Receiving Pralatrexate vs. Erlotinib

PFS was calculated as the number of days from randomization to the date of radiological evidence of PD or death due to any cause. (NCT00606502)
Timeframe: Assessed every 8 weeks for the first 24 weeks, then every 16 weeks for up to 2 years or until PD or start of subsequent treatment.

Interventionmonths (Median)
Pralatrexate3.4
Erlotinib2.8

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Adverse Events of Patients Receiving Pralatrexate vs. Erlotinib

(NCT00606502)
Timeframe: Assessed every 2 weeks while on treatment through safety follow-up visit (35 +/-5 days post-last dose) or early termination visit (at time of withdrawal).

,
InterventionTreated Participants (Number)
At least one AEGrade 3 AEsGrade 4 AEsAt least one SAE
Erlotinib771802
Pralatrexate7525514

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Proportion of Participants With Best Overall Tumor Response (Response Rate)

Response defined per Response Evaluation Criteria In Solid Tumors (RECIST) criteria: Complete Response (CR)=disappearance of all target lesions; Partial Response (PR)=30% decrease in sum of longest diameter of target lesions; Progressive Disease=20% increase in sum of longest diameter of target lesions; Stable Disease=small changes that do not meet above criteria. Best Overall Tumor Response is complete response plus partial response. (NCT00609518)
Timeframe: Baseline until disease progression, new therapy initiated, or death from any cause, up to 12 months after enrollment.

Interventionproportion of patients (Mean)
Standard Vitamin and Steroid Schedule + Pemetrexed0.118
Simplified Vitamin and Steroid Schedule + Pemetrexed0.064

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Overall Survival

Overall survival is the duration from randomization to death. For patients who are alive, overall survival is censored at the date of last contact. (NCT00609518)
Timeframe: Randomization (≤4 weeks from baseline visit) to 12 months after randomization

Interventionmonths (Median)
Standard Vitamin and Steroid Schedule + Pemetrexed8.2
Simplified Vitamin and Steroid Schedule + Pemetrexed9.2

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Progression-free Survival (PFS)

Defined as the time from date of first dose to the first observation of disease progression, or death due to any cause. For patients who are alive and have not progressed, PFS is censored at the date of last radiological assessment. (NCT00609518)
Timeframe: Randomization (≤4 weeks from baseline visit) to 12 months after randomization

Interventionmonths (Median)
Standard Vitamin and Steroid Schedule + Pemetrexed3.7
Simplified Vitamin and Steroid Schedule + Pemetrexed3.8

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Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale (PANSS)

The change from baseline on the Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale (PANSS).The PANNS has three subscales: positive (score range 7-49), negative (score range 7-49), and general psychopathology (score range 16-112). The PANSS positive symptom sub-scale is comprised of 7 items rated on a scale of 1-7, representing positive symptoms of schizophrenia. The PANSS negative symptom subscale is comprised of 7 items rated on a scale of 1-7 representing the negative symptoms of schizophrenia, and the general psychopathology subscale is comprised of 16 items rated on a scale of 1-7 representing symptoms of general psychopathology in mental illness. The total score was computed by adding all the items on the sub-scale together. Scores reported are change in symptoms per week, relative to baseline. A negative score represents a decrease in total PANSS score per week, whereas a positive score represents an increase in total PANSS score per week. (NCT00611806)
Timeframe: Baseline vs. Week 16

Interventionunits on a scale (Mean)
Folate With B12-.21
Placebo-.22

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Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale (PANSS) and FOLH1, MTHRF, MTR, and COMT Genotype

The change from baseline on the Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale (PANSS) (including FOLH1, MTHRF, MTR, and COMT genotype simultaneously into a linear mixed model).The PANNS has three sub-scales: positive (score range 7-49), negative (score range 7-49), and general psychopathology (score range 16-112). The PANSS negative and positive symptom sub-scale is comprised of 7 items rated on a scale of 1-7 representing the negative and positive symptoms of schizophrenia, respectively, and the general psychopathology sub-scale is comprised of 16 items rated on a scale of 1-7 representing symptoms of general psychopathology in mental illness. The total score was computed by adding all the items on the sub-scale together. Scores reported are change in symptoms per week, relative to baseline. A negative score represents a decrease in total PANSS score per week, whereas a positive score represents an increase in total PANSS score per week. (NCT00611806)
Timeframe: Baseline vs. Week 16

Interventionunits on a scale (Mean)
Folate With B12-.21
Placebo-.1

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Positive Sub Scale of the Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale (PANSS)

The change from baseline on the positive symptom sub-scale of the Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale (PANSS). Total PANSS positive symptom sub-scale scores range from 7-49. The PANSS positive symptom sub-scale is comprised of 7 items rated on a scale of 1-7: delusions, conceptual disorganization, hallucinatory behavior, excitement, grandiosity, suspiciousness/persecution, and hostility. A score of one on each item 1 absent, 2 is minimal, 3 is mild, 4 is moderate, 5 is moderately severe, 6 is severe, and 7 is extreme. The total score was computed by adding all the items on the sub-scale together. Scores reported are change in symptoms per week, relative to baseline. A negative score represents a decrease in total PANSS score per week, whereas a positive score represents an increase in total PANSS score per week. (NCT00611806)
Timeframe: Baseline vs. Week 16

Interventionunits on a scale (Mean)
Folate With B12-.06
Placebo-.04

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Scale for Assessment of Negative Symptoms (SANS)

The change from baseline on the scale for the assessment of negative symptoms (SANS) total score. Total SANS scores range from 0-100. The SANS is comprised of 5 subscores: Affective Flattening or Blunting (score range 0-35), Alogia (score range 0-20), Avolition-Apathy (score range 0-15), Anhedonia-Asociality (score range 0-20), and Attention (0-10). For each scale, the higher the score the more prominent the negative symptoms were. The total score was computed by adding all the sub-scale total scores. Scores reported are change in symptoms per week, relative to baseline. A negative score represents a decrease in total SANS score per week, whereas a positive score represents an increase in total SANS score per week. (NCT00611806)
Timeframe: Baseline vs. Week 16

Interventionunits on a scale (Mean)
Folate With B12-.19
Placebo.02

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Changes in Maternal Serum B12 Concentration From 1st to 3rd Trimester

(NCT00641862)
Timeframe: from 1st to 3rd trimester

Interventionpmol/L (Median)
Vitamin B123.0
Placebo-37.6

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Cognitive Scale, Bayley Scales of Infant Development, 3rd Edition

The cognitive scale is a single scale that measures sensorimotor integration, concept formation, attention, habituation, and memory. Higher values represent better performance. The interquartile range provides an adequate assessment of the variability of the data. The minimum possible score of the cognitive scale is 0 and the maximum possible score is 91. (NCT00641862)
Timeframe: 9 months

Interventionunits on a scale (Median)
Vitamin B1239
Placebo39.5

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Expressive Language Scale, Bayley Scales of Infant Development, 3rd Edition

The Expressive Language Scale is a single scale that measures the ability of the child to communicate using sounds, gestures, or words. Higher scores represent better performance. The interquartile range provides adequate assessment of the variability of the data. The minimum possible value is 0 and the maximum possible value is 48. (NCT00641862)
Timeframe: 9 months

Interventionunits on a scale (Median)
Vitamin B1210
Placebo11

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Fine Motor Scale, Bayley Scales of Infant Development, 3rd Edition

The Fine Motor Scale is a single scale that measures prehension, perceptual-motor integration, motor planning and speed, visual tracking, reaching, object grasping, object manipulation, functional hand skills, and responses to tactile information. Higher values represent better performance. The interquartile range provides adequate assessment of the variability of the data. The minimum possible value is 0 and the maximum possible value is 66. (NCT00641862)
Timeframe: 9 months

Interventionunits on a scale (Median)
Vitamin B1226
Placebo26

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Gross Motor Scale, Bayley Scales of Infant Development, 3rd Edition

The Gross Motor Scale is a single scale that measures movement of the limbs and torso, static positioning (e.g., sitting, standing), dynamic movement including locomotion and coordination, balance, and motor planning. Higher values represent better performance. The interquartile range provides adequate assessment of the variability of the data. The minimum possible value is 0 and the maxiumum possible value is 72. (NCT00641862)
Timeframe: 9 months

Interventionunits on a scale (Median)
Vitamin B1236
Placebo34

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Receptive Language Scale, Bayley Scales of Infant Development, 3rd Edition

The Receptive Language Scale is a single scale that measures the ability of the child to recognize sounds and understand spoken words and directions. Higher values represent better performance. The interquartile range provides adequate assessment of the variability of the data. The minimum possible score is 0 and the maximum possible score is 49. (NCT00641862)
Timeframe: 9 months

Interventionunits on a scale (Median)
Vitamin B1211
Placebo11

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Non-fatal MI

Myocardial Infarction per Third Definition of MI (NCT00655980)
Timeframe: 30 day postoperative

InterventionParticipants (Count of Participants)
B-Vitamin Group7
Comparator15
Standard of Care8

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Change in Neurotoxicity Assessment Between Cycle 4 and Baseline

Neurotoxicity is evaluated using The Functional Assessment of Cancer Therapy-Taxane (FACT-Tax) questionnaire. FACT-Tax is a validated, self-reported instrument. The questionnaire consists of 11 questions and possible scores for each question range from 0 (no neurotoxicity symptoms) to 4 (worst possible neurotoxicity symptoms). The total score for any patient can therefore range from 0 to 44. The questionnaire is given to patients to fill out at baseline, cycle 2, and cycle 4 of their chemotherapy treatment. Change in neurotoxicity scores from baseline to the completion of 4 cycles are reported as the mean total score for all patients. (NCT00659269)
Timeframe: 4 weeks

Interventionunits on a scale (Mean)
Taxane Group: Multivitamin (MV) Arm7.0
Taxane Group: MV + Vitamin B12 + Vitamin B67.2
Heavy Metals Group: Multivitamin (MV) Arm3.9
Heavy Metals Group: MV + Vitamin B12 + Vitamin B6 Arm4.7
Vinca Alkaloids Group: Multivitamin (MV) Arm11.8
Vinca Alkaloids Group: MV + Vitamin B12 + Vitamin B6 Arm7

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Neurotoxicity Assessment at Baseline

Neurotoxicity is evaluated using The Functional Assessment of Cancer Therapy-Taxane (FACT-Tax) questionnaire. FACT-Tax is a validated, self-reported instrument. The questionnaire consists of 11 questions and possible scores for each question range from 0 (no neurotoxicity symptoms) to 4 (worst possible neurotoxicity symptoms). The total score for any patient can therefore range from 0 to 44. The questionnaire is given to patients to fill out at baseline (prior to chemotherapy treatment) and the mean total score for all patients is reported. (NCT00659269)
Timeframe: At study start; prior to treatment (week 0)

Interventionunits on a scale (Mean)
Taxane Group: Multivitamin (MV) Arm8.5
Taxane Group: MV + Vitamin B12 + Vitamin B67.3
Heavy Metals Group: Multivitamin (MV) Arm5.23
Heavy Metals Group: MV + Vitamin B12 + Vitamin B6 Arm4.58
Vinca Alkaloids Group: Multivitamin (MV) Arm6.80
Vinca Alkaloids Group: MV + Vitamin B12 + Vitamin B6 Arm2.08

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Neurotoxicity Assessment at Cycle 2

Neurotoxicity is evaluated using The Functional Assessment of Cancer Therapy-Taxane (FACT-Tax) questionnaire. FACT-Tax is a validated, self-reported instrument. The questionnaire consists of 11 questions and possible scores for each question range from 0 (no neurotoxicity symptoms) to 4 (worst possible neurotoxicity symptoms). The total score for any patient can therefore range from 0 to 44. The questionnaire is given to patients to complete at completion of cycle 2 of chemotherapy treatment and the mean total score for all patients is reported. (NCT00659269)
Timeframe: 2 weeks

Interventionunits on a scale (Mean)
Taxane Group: Multivitamin (MV) Arm13.0
Taxane Group: MV + Vitamin B12 + Vitamin B612.0
Heavy Metals Group: Multivitamin (MV) Arm9.7
Heavy Metals Group: MV + Vitamin B12 + Vitamin B6 Arm8.4
Vinca Alkaloids Group: Multivitamin (MV) Arm14.56
Vinca Alkaloids Group: MV + Vitamin B12 + Vitamin B6 Arm5.6

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Neurotoxicity Assessment at Cycle 4

Neurotoxicity is evaluated using The Functional Assessment of Cancer Therapy-Taxane (FACT-Tax) questionnaire. FACT-Tax is a validated, self-reported instrument. The questionnaire consists of 16 questions and possible scores for each question range from 0 (no neurotoxicity symptoms) to 4 (worst possible neurotoxicity symptoms). The total score for any patient can therefore range from 0 to 44. The questionnaire is given to patients to fill out at completion of cycle 4 of their chemotherapy treatment and the mean total score for all patients is reported. (NCT00659269)
Timeframe: 4 weeks

Interventionunits on a scale (Mean)
Taxane Group: Multivitamin (MV) Arm14.5
Multivitamin + Vitamin B12 + Vitamin B614.5
Heavy Metals Group: Multivitamin (MV) Arm8.71
Heavy Metals Group: MV + Vitamin B12 + Vitamin B6 Arm7.05
Vinca Alkaloids Group: Multivitamin (MV) Arm17.5
Vinca Alkaloids Group: MV + Vitamin B12 + Vitamin B6 Arm9.22

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Progression Free Survival (PFS)

Length of time from study day 1 to the date of radiological evidence of PD (date of computed tomography [CT] or magnetic resonance imaging [MRI] scan, whichever indicates PD) or death, regardless of cause. (NCT00722553)
Timeframe: Assessed at the end of each even-numbered cycle (every 8 weeks), or per standard of care but no more than every 12 weeks (+/- 1 week) if treatment has ended, for up to 2 years after enrollment.

InterventionMonths (Median)
Evaluable Population4.0

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Clinical Benefit Rate (CBR)

The number of patients with a best confirmed or unconfirmed response of CR, PR, or stable disease (SD) for at least 24 weeks (approximately 5.5 months) (NCT00722553)
Timeframe: Assessed at the end of each even-numbered cycle (every 8 weeks) or per standard of care, but no more than every 12 weeks (+/- 1 week) if treatment has ended, for up to 2 years after enrollment.

Interventionparticipants (Number)
Evaluable Population3

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Duration of Response (DOR)

Duration of time from when tumor measurement criteria were met for CR or PR (whichever status was recorded first) until the first date that recurrent disease or progressive disease (PD) or death was objectively documented. Progression is defined, using RECIST, as an increase in the smallest dimension of any target or non-target lesion, or the appearance of new lesions, since baseline. Calculated for those patients with a best overall confirmed or unconfirmed response of CR or PR. (NCT00722553)
Timeframe: Measured from the first day of documented response for up to 2 years after enrollment.

InterventionDays (Median)
Evaluable Patients82

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Objective Response Rate (ORR)

The number of patients with a best overall confirmed response of either complete response (CR) or partial response (PR) (NCT00722553)
Timeframe: Assessed at the end of each even-numbered cycle (every 8 weeks), or per standard of care but no more than every 12 weeks (+/- 1 week) if treatment has ended for up to 2 years after enrollment.

Interventionparticipants (Number)
Evaluable Population1

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Overall Survival (OS)

The number of days from study day 1 to death. Patients who had not died (no record of death) or were lost to follow-up were censored at the date of last contact. (NCT00722553)
Timeframe: Assessed at the end of each even-numbered cycle (every 8 weeks), or per standard of care if treatment has ended (at least every 12 weeks) for up to 2 years after enrollment. After PD or start of subsequent treatment, OS will be assessed every 4 months.

InterventionMonths (Median)
Evaluable Population9.3

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Change From Baseline in SF-36 MCS and SF-36 PCS at Week 24

"To determine if Metanx® (compared to placebo) affects a subject's quality of life as determined by the SF-36 questionnaire~The Short Form- 36 Mental Component Summary (SF-36 MCS) and SF-36 Physical Component Summary (SF-36 PCS) both measure health related quality of life, the MCS quantifying mental health and the PCS quantifying physical function. They are both scored on 100 point scales with 0 representing the worst possible outcome and 100 representing the most optimal possible scoring" (NCT00726713)
Timeframe: SF-36 MCS and SF-36 PCS scores were measured at 0 (Baseline) and 24 weeks

,
Interventionunits on a scale (0-100) (Mean)
SF-36 PCS, BaselineSF-36 PCS, Change from BL, Week 24SF-36 MCS, BaselineSF-36 MCS, Change from BL, Week 24
Metanx40.740.0350.961.99
Placebo39.030.8752.66-0.29

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(Exploratory) Change From Baseline in the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS) Question Inventory at Week 24

The Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS) consists of a 14-item questionnaire that provides a measurement of depression. Each item is rated on a 4-point scale, giving a maximum scores of 21 for the most severe depression. Depression was evaluated using the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS) question inventory at Baseline, and 24-week evaluation visits (NCT00726713)
Timeframe: HADS Scores scores were taken at 0 (Baseline) and 24 weeks

,
Interventionunits on a scale (0-21) (Mean)
HADS Depression, BaselineHADS Depression, Change from BL, Week 24
Metanx4.16-1.03
Placebo4.42-0.45

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Change From Baseline in 10-point Visual Analog Scale(VAS) at Week 24

"To determine if Metanx® (compared to placebo) affects a subject's lower extremity pain level using a 10-point Visual Analog Scale at Baseline and 24-week evaluation visits.~The Visual Analog Scale (VAS) measures a patients sensation of pain. A 10-cm visual analog scale is used. A measurement on the 10 cm analog scale is used to quantify the level of pain indicated with 0 cm indicating no pain and 10 cm indicating the worst pain imaginable." (NCT00726713)
Timeframe: VAS scores were taken at 0 (Baseline) and 24 weeks

,
Interventionunits on a scale (0-10) (Mean)
VAS BaselineVAS, Change from BL, Week 24
Metanx3.26-0.27
Placebo3.25-0.03

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(Exploratory) Change From Baseline in Levels of Hs-CRP at Week 24

(Exploratory) To determine if Metanx® affects a subject's plasma oxidative stress and inflammatory markers levels including hs-CRP (NCT00726713)
Timeframe: Analyte levels were taken at 0 (Baseline) and 24 weeks

,
Interventionmg/L (Mean)
hs-CRP (mg/L), Baselinehs-CRP, Change from BL, Week 24
Metanx6.46-0.71
Placebo7.440.13

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(Exploratory) Change From Baseline in Levels Potential Antioxidant (PAO) at Week 24

(Exploratory) To determine if Metanx® affects a subject's plasma oxidative stress and inflammatory markers levels including Potential Antioxidant (PAO) (NCT00726713)
Timeframe: Analyte levels were taken at 0 (Baseline) and 24 weeks

,
Interventionµmol/L (Mean)
PAO (µmol/L), BaselinePAO, Change from BL, Week 24
Metanx1094.527.95
Placebo1102.155.29

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(Exploratory) Change From Baseline in Levels of IL-6 and TNF-α, at Week 24

(Exploratory) To determine if Metanx® affects a subject's plasma oxidative stress and inflammatory marker levels, including IL-6 and TNF-α (NCT00726713)
Timeframe: Analyte levels were taken at 0 (Baseline) and 24 weeks

,
Interventionpg/mL (Mean)
IL-6 (pg/mL), BaselineIL-6, Change from BL, Week 24TNF-a (pg/mL), BaselineTNF-a, Change from BL, Week 24
Metanx3.66-0.251.690.03
Placebo3.680.072.01-0.04

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Change From Baseline in Vibration Perception Threshold (VPT) at 24 Weeks

Vibration Perception Threshold (VPT) 25-45 volts at hallux on either leg as measured by VPT meter on the great toe of each foot. Mean VPT averaged across both toes. (NCT00726713)
Timeframe: VPT was measured a 0 (baseline), and 24 weeks

,
Interventionvolts (Mean)
BaselineChange from Baseline Week 24
Metanx32.16-1.96
Placebo33.88-3.27

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Change From Baseline in Total Homocysteine at Week 16 and 24

To determine if Metanx® (compared to placebo) affects change in subjects total homocysteine levels (NCT00726713)
Timeframe: Change from Baseline in Plasma Marker Levels at 0 (Baseline), 16, and 24 weeks

,
Interventionµmol/L (Mean)
Total homocysteine (µmol/L) at BaselineTotal homocysteine, Change from BL Week 16Total homocysteine, Change from BL Week 24
Metanx9.71-2.70-2.68
Placebo9.470.580.48

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Change From Baseline in Plasma Marker Levels of Total Folate and Total Methyl Malonic Acid (MMA) at Week 16 and 24

To determine if Metanx® (compared to placebo) affects a change in subject's total folate and total methyl malonic acid (MMA) at week 16 and 24 (NCT00726713)
Timeframe: Change from Baseline in Plasma Marker Levels at 0 (Baseline), 16, and 24 weeks

,
Interventionnmol/L (Mean)
Total Folate (nmol/L) at BaselineTotal Folate, Change from BL Week 16Total Folate, Change from BL Week 24Total methyl malonic acid (MMA) (nmol/L) at BLTotal MMA, Change from BL Week 16Total MMA, Change from BL Week 24
Metanx42.197.257.53186.16-56.38-63.29
Placebo43.04-1.07-2.75195.7213.89-15.42

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Change From Baseline in Neuropathy Total Symptom Score-6 (NTSS-6)

"This measure was taken to determine if Metanx® (compared to placebo) changes neuropathic symptoms as evaluated by the Neuropathy Total Symptom Score-6 (NTSS-6)~The Neuropathy Total Symptom Score-6 Scale (NTSS-6) is a validated scale that evaluates individual neuropathy sensory symptoms in patients with diabetes mellitus (DM) and diabetic peripheral neuropathy (DPN). This scale was a modified 6 item scale that consists of yes or no questions. Scores range between 0 and 21.96, a higher score indicates greater severity of symptoms. After adjusting for baseline measurements scores are reflected as negative numbers. Negative numbers indicate improvement in symptoms. ie. a change from baseline after 24 weeks of -2 would be a greater improvement than a change in baseline of -1 after 24 weeks." (NCT00726713)
Timeframe: NTSS-6 scores were taken at 0 (Baseline), 16, and 24 weeks

,
Interventionunits on a scale (0-6) (Mean)
BaselineChange from Baseline Week 16Change from Baseline Week 24
Metanx3.73-0.09-0.96
Placebo3.45-0.40-0.53

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Change From Baseline in Neuropathy Disability Score (NDS)at Week 16 and 24

"This outcome was taken to determine if Metanx® (compared to placebo) has an effect on clinical examination as determined by the Neuropathy Disability Score (NDS)~The Neuropathy Disability Score (NDS) evaluates the severity of individual symptoms of neuropathy. A simple visual numeric distress scale is used that ranges from 0 to 10. The most favorable score is 0, which indicates an absence of symptoms. The most severe symptoms possible would be recorded as a score of 10." (NCT00726713)
Timeframe: NDS scores were taken at 0 (Baseline), 16, and 24 weeks

,
Interventionunits on a scale (0-10) (Mean)
BaselineChange from Baseline Week 16Change from Baseline Week 24
Metanx7.51-0.78-0.47
Placebo7.47-0.18-0.36

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Overall Survival (Key Secondary Endpoint)

Overall Survival (OS) defined as the duration from randomisation to death (irrespective of the reason of death). Median, 25th and 75th percentiles are calculated from an unadjusted Kaplan-Meier curve. (NCT00806819)
Timeframe: From randomisation until data cut-off (15 February 2013), Up to 30 months

Interventionmonths (Median)
Nintedanib Plus Pemetrexed12.0
Placebo Plus Pemetrexed12.7

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Change From Baseline in Tumour Size

Percentage change from baseline in tumour size is defined as decrease in the sum of the longest diameter of the target lesion. Presented means are in fact adjusted best means percentage changes generated from ANOVA model adjusted for baseline ECOG PS (0 vs. 1), tumour histology (adenocarcinoma vs. non-adenocarcinoma), brain metastases at baseline (yes vs no) and prior treatment with bevacizumab (yes vs no) This endpoint was analysed based on the central independent reviewer as well as the investigator. (NCT00806819)
Timeframe: From randomisation until data cut-off (15 February 2013), Up to 30 months

,
Interventionpercentage of change in tumor size in mm (Mean)
Central independent review (N=298, 305)Investigator assessment (N=322, 325)
Nintedanib Plus Pemetrexed-10.10-15.60
Placebo Plus Pemetrexed-7.53-11.28

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Disease Control

"Disease control was defined as a best overall response of Complete Response (CR), Partial Response (PR), or Stable Disease (SD) and evaluated according to the modified RECIST criteria version 1.0.~This endpoint was analysed based on the central independent reviewer as well as the investigator." (NCT00806819)
Timeframe: From randomisation until data cut-off (15 February 2013), Up to 30 months

,
Intervention% of participants (Number)
Central independent review (N=215, 192)Investigator assessment (N=233, 217)
Nintedanib Plus Pemetrexed60.966.0
Placebo Plus Pemetrexed53.360.3

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Duration of Confirmed Objective Tumour Response

"The duration of objective response is the time from first documented (CR) or (PR) to the time of progression or death and evaluated according to the modified RECIST criteria version 1.0. Median, 25th and 75th percentiles are calculated from an unadjusted Kaplan-Meier curve.~This endpoint was analysed based on the central independent reviewer as well as the investigator." (NCT00806819)
Timeframe: From randomisation until data cut-off (15 February 2013), Up to 30 months

,
InterventionMonths (Median)
central independent reviewer (N=32, 30)Investigator assessment (N=53, 48)
Nintedanib Plus Pemetrexed6.96.5
Placebo Plus Pemetrexed4.47.2

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Duration of Disease Control

"The duration of disease control was defined as the time from randomisation to the date of disease progression or death (which ever occurs first) for patients with disease control. Median, 25th and 75th percentiles are calculated from an unadjusted Kaplan-Meier curve.~This endpoint was analysed based on the central independent reviewer as well as the investigator." (NCT00806819)
Timeframe: From randomisation until data cut-off (15 February 2013), Up to 30 months

,
InterventionMonths (Median)
Central independent review (N=215, 192)Investigator assessment (N=233, 217)
Nintedanib Plus Pemetrexed7.46.9
Placebo Plus Pemetrexed6.86.8

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Progression Free Survival (PFS) as Assessed by Central Independent Review

"Progression Free Survival (PFS) as assessed by central independent review according to the modified RECIST (version 1.0) criteria. Progression free survival (PFS) is defined as the duration of time from date of randomisation to date of progression or death (whatever occurs earlier).~Median, 25th and 75th percentiles are calculated from an unadjusted Kaplan-Meier curve." (NCT00806819)
Timeframe: From randomisation until cut-off date 9 July 2012

Interventionmonths (Median)
Nintedanib Plus Pemetrexed4.4
Placebo Plus Pemetrexed3.6

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Incidence and Intensity of Adverse Events

"Incidence and intensity of adverse events according to the Common Terminology Criteria for Adverse Events (CTCAE) version 3.0. The worst CTCAE grade per patient is reported and MedDRA version 15.1 used.~Serious signs and symptoms of progressive disease were reported as an adverse event in analysis of this endpoint." (NCT00806819)
Timeframe: From the first drug administration until 28 days after the last drug administration, up to 36 months

,
Intervention% of participants (Number)
CTCAE grade 1CTCAE grade 2CTCAE grade 3CTCAE grade 4CTCAE grade 5
Nintedanib Plus Pemetrexed4.922.246.112.49.8
Placebo Plus Pemetrexed9.230.534.57.812.0

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Objective Tumor Response

Confirmed objective response is defined as confirmed Complete Response (CR) and Partial Response (PR) and evaluated according to the modified RECIST criteria version 1.0. This endpoint was analysed based on the central independent reviewer as well as the investigator (NCT00806819)
Timeframe: From randomisation until data cut-off (15 February 2013), Up to 30 months

,
Intervention% of participants (Number)
Central independent reviewerInvestigator assessment
Nintedanib Plus Pemetrexed9.115.0
Placebo Plus Pemetrexed8.313.3

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Quality of Life (QoL)

"QoL was measured by standardised questionnaires (EQ-5D, EORTC QLQ-C30, EORTC QLQ-LC13). The EORTC QLQ-C30 comprises of 30 questions, using both multi-item scales and single-item measures. EORTC LC-13 comprises of 13 questions incorporating 1 multi-item scale and a series of single items. The following were the main points of interest: Time to deterioration of cough (QLQ-LC13 question 1), Time to deterioration of dyspnoea (QLQ-LC13, composite of questions 3 to 5), Time to deterioration of pain (QLQ- C30, composite of questions 9 and 19). Time to deterioration of cough, dyspnoea and pain was defined as the time to a 10-point increase from the baseline score.~Median, 25th and 75th percentiles are calculated from an unadjusted Kaplan-Meier curve." (NCT00806819)
Timeframe: From randomisation until data cut-off (15 February 2013), Up to 30 months

,
InterventionMonths (Median)
Time to deterioration of coughTime to deterioration of dyspnoeaTime to deterioration of pain
Nintedanib Plus Pemetrexed6.02.42.8
Placebo Plus Pemetrexed4.32.02.7

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Time to Confirmed Objective Tumour Response

"Time to confirmed objective response is defined as time from randomisation to the date of first documented (CR) or (PR) and evaluated according to the modified RECIST criteria version 1.0. Median, 25th and 75th percentiles are calculated from an unadjusted Kaplan-Meier curve.~This endpoint was analysed based on the central independent reviewer as well as the investigator." (NCT00806819)
Timeframe: From randomisation until data cut-off (15 February 2013), Up to 30 months

,
InterventionMonths (Median)
Central independent review (N=32, 30)Investigator assessment (N=53, 48)
Nintedanib Plus Pemetrexed2.62.6
Placebo Plus Pemetrexed2.72.8

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Clinical Improvement.

"Clinical improvement was defined as the time from randomisation to deterioration in body weight and/or Eastern Cooperative Oncology group performance score (ECOG PS) whichever occurred first.~Median, 25th and 75th percentiles are calculated from an unadjusted Kaplan-Meier curve." (NCT00806819)
Timeframe: From randomisation until data cut-off (15 February 2013), Up to 30 months

InterventionMonths (Median)
Nintedanib Plus Pemetrexed7.2
Placebo Plus Pemetrexed7.5

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Follow-up Analysis of Progression Free Survival (PFS) as Assessed by Central Independent Review

Follow-up analysis was conducted at the time of overall survival analysis. Progression Free Survival (PFS) as assessed by central independent review according to the modified RECIST (version 1.0) criteria. Median, 25th and 75th percentiles are calculated from an unadjusted Kaplan-Meier curve. (NCT00806819)
Timeframe: From randomisation until data cut-off (15 February 2013), Up to 30 months

InterventionMonths (Median)
Nintedanib Plus Pemetrexed4.4
Placebo Plus Pemetrexed3.4

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Follow-up Analysis of Progression Free Survival (PFS) as Assessed by Investigator

Follow-up analysis was conducted at the time of overall survival analysis. Progression Free Survival (PFS) as assessed by investigator according to the modified RECIST (version 1.0) criteria. Median, 25th and 75th percentiles are calculated from an unadjusted Kaplan-Meier curve. (NCT00806819)
Timeframe: From randomisation until data cut-off (15 February 2013), Up to 30 months

InterventionMonths (Median)
Nintedanib Plus Pemetrexed5.3
Placebo Plus Pemetrexed4.3

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Dose Normalised Predose Plasma Concentration at Steady State (Cpre,ss,Norm) of Nintedanib and of Its Metabolites BIBF 1202 and BIBF 1202 Glucuronide

Geometric mean of dose normalised predose plasma concentration (Cpre,ss,norm) of nintedanib and of its metabolites BIBF 1202 and BIBF 1202 glucuronide evaluated at steady state based on course 2 and 3. If only one value was available and valid, then this value was used for calculation of Cpre,ss,norm. (NCT00806819)
Timeframe: Before the administration of nintedanib or placebo and between a window of 30 mins to an hour after administration of trial drug during Course 2 and between 1 and 3 hours after administration of trial drug during Course 3

,
Interventionng/mL/mg (Geometric Mean)
Nintedanib BIBF 1120 (N=188, 39)Nintedanib BIBF 1202 (N=188, 40)Nintedanib BIBF 1202 glucuronide (N=184, 39)
Nintedanib 150 mg Bid Plus Pemetrexed0.1030.1511.72
Nintedanib Plus Pemetrexed0.08830.1311.40

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Subject Pain During Ripening

"Measure assesses patient pain during cervical preparation. Pain was assessed after cervical ripening was complete, immediately before D&E procedure. Subjects were asked to rate pain on a 6 point Likert scale:~0 = no pain 1-2 = mild pain 3 = moderate pain 4-5 = severe pain~Higher values represent a worse outcome." (NCT00835731)
Timeframe: 3-4 hours after placement of ripening agent

InterventionScores on a scale (Median)
Misoprostol1
Synthetic Osmotic Dilator1

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Cervical Dilation in Women Following Exposure to Either Ripening Agent

(NCT00835731)
Timeframe: 3-4 hours after placement of ripening agent

Interventionmm (Mean)
Misoprostol32.1
Synthetic Osmotic Dilator33.9

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Number of Patients for Whom Physician Was Able to Complete Dilation and Evacuation Procedure on First Attempt

(NCT00835731)
Timeframe: 3-4 hours after placement of ripening agent

Interventionparticipants (Number)
Misoprostol62
Synthetic Osmotic Dilator60

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Subject Pain During Dilation and Evacuation

"Measure assesses subject pain during dilation and evacuation. Pain was assessed immediately after the D&E procedure. Subjects were asked to rate pain on a 6 point Likert scale:~0 = no pain 1-2 = mild pain 3 = moderate pain 4-5 = severe pain~Higher values represent a worse outcome." (NCT00835731)
Timeframe: 3-4 hours after placement of ripening agent

InterventionScores on a scale (Median)
Misoprostol3
Synthetic Osmotic Dilator3

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Procedure Time for Dilation and Evacuation

(NCT00835731)
Timeframe: 3-4 hours after placement of ripening agent

Interventionminutes (Median)
Misoprostol2.8
Synthetic Osmotic Dilator3.0

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Women's Satisfaction With Cervical Ripening Method

"Scale:~1 = very dissatisfied, 2 = dissatisfied, 3 = neutral, 4 = satisfied, 5 = very satisfied" (NCT00835731)
Timeframe: 5 hours after placement of ripening agent

Interventionunits on a scale (Median)
Misoprostol4
Synthetic Osmotic Dilator4

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Phase I: Maximum Tolerated Dose (MTD) of Sirolimus

The phase I component of the study are to determine the safety and tolerability of sirolimus in human subjects with non small cell lung cancer (NSCLC), and to determine the maximum tolerated dose. (NCT00923273)
Timeframe: 5 weeks

Interventionmg/m^2 (Number)
Treatment Level 1: 3mg Load10
Treatment Level 2: 6mg Load10
Treatment Level 3: 6mg Load10
Treatment Level 4: 10mg Load10
Treatment Level 5: 15mg Load10

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Phase II: Clinical Response Rate

Clinical response is assessed by the Response Evaluation Criteria in Solid Tumors (RECIST). Complete response (CR) is disappearance of all target lesions. Partial response (PR) at least a 30% decrease in the sum of the longest diameter (LD) of target lesions, taking as reference the baseline sum LD. Stable disease (SD) is neither sufficient shrinkage to qualify for PR nor sufficient increase to qualify for PD, taking as reference the smallest sum LD since the treatment started. Progressive disease (PD) is at least a 20% increase in the sum of the LD of target lesions, taking as reference the smallest sum LD recorded since the treatment started or the appearance of one or more new lesions. (NCT00923273)
Timeframe: 21 weeks

InterventionParticipants (Count of Participants)
Complete responsePartial responseStable diseaseProgressive diseaseNot evaluable
Treatment Level 4: 10mg Load051327

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Number of Participants With Serious and Non-Serious Adverse Events

Here is the count of participants with serious and non-serious adverse events assessed by the Common Terminology Criteria for Adverse Events (CTCAE v3.0). A non-serious adverse event is any untoward medical occurrence. A serious adverse event is an adverse event or suspected adverse reaction that results in death, a life-threatening adverse drug experience, hospitalization, disruption of the ability to conduct normal life functions, congenital anomaly/birth defect or important medical events that jeopardize the patient or subject and may require medical or surgical intervention to prevent one of the previous outcomes mentioned. (NCT00923273)
Timeframe: Date treatment consent signed to date off study, approximately 45 months

,,,,
InterventionParticipants (Count of Participants)
Subjects from phase I8subjects prior peme & 12 subjects peme naive
Treatment Level 1: 3mg Load40
Treatment Level 2: 6mg Load30
Treatment Level 3: 6mg Load30
Treatment Level 4: 10 mg Load720
Treatment Level 5: 15mg Load50

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Phase I: Maximum Tolerated Dose (MTD) of Pemetrexed

The phase I component of the study are to determine the safety and tolerability of pemetrexed in human subjects with non small cell lung cancer (NSCLC), and to determine the maximum tolerated dose. (NCT00923273)
Timeframe: 5 weeks

Interventionmg/m^2 (Number)
Treatment Level 1: 3mg Load500
Treatment Level 2: 6mg Load500
Treatment Level 3: 6mg Load500
Treatment Level 4: 10mg Load500
Treatment Level 5: 15mg Load500

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Progression Free Survival (PFS)

Progression-free survival (PFS) was the duration of time (in months) from first administration of study treatment to date of first documented progression or death from any cause. It was based on tumor assessments made according to the IWC with or without PET scans, subject to their availability. Per IWC, progression was defined as a ≥50% increase from the nadir in the individual sum of the products of the diameters of any index lesion; the reappearance of pathology, enlargement of liver/spleen, or unequivocal progression of non-measurable disease or appearance of any new lesions. (NCT00998946)
Timeframe: Up to 24 months

Interventionmonths (Median)
Pralatrexate3.6

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Duration of Response (DOR)

The Duration of Response was defined as the time (in months) from the date the measurement criteria were first met for CR or PR (whichever status was recorded first) until the first subsequent date that relapse or progression was documented. It was assessed according to IWC with or without PET, subject to its availability. Per IWC, progression was defined as a ≥50% increase from the nadir in the individual sum of the products of the diameters of any index lesion; the reappearance of pathology, enlargement of liver/spleen, or unequivocal progression of non-measurable disease or appearance of any new lesions. (NCT00998946)
Timeframe: Up to 24 months

Interventionmonths (Median)
PralatrexateNA

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Objective Response Rate (ORR)

Objective response rate was defined as the percentage of participants with a complete response (CR) or a partial response (PR). Tumor response was evaluated on the basis of clinical and radiological criteria, assessed according to International Workshop Criteria (IWC) with or without positron emission tomography (PET) scans. Per IWC criteria CR is defined as complete disappearance of all detectable clinical and radiographic evidence of disease and disappearance of all disease-related symptoms if present before therapy, and normalization of those biochemical abnormalities definitely assignable to non-Hodgkin's lymphoma (NHL) and PR is defined as >= 50% decrease in sum of the product of the perpendicular diameters (SPD) of the six largest dominant nodes or nodal masses and no increase in size of other nodes, liver or spleen. (NCT00998946)
Timeframe: Up to 24 months

Interventionpercentage of participants (Number)
Pralatrexate4

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Overall Survival (OS)

Overall Survival was the time (in months) from first administration of study treatment until the date of death. (NCT00998946)
Timeframe: Up to 24 months

Interventionmonths (Median)
PralatrexateNA

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Clinical Global Impression-Improvement (CGI-I)

PI assesses subject's change using the CGI-I measure. This is a 7-point Likert scale that assesses improvement of the patient's condition. Scores range from the worst score of 7 (Very much worse) to the best score of 1 (Very much improved). Lower scores are better on this scale, and indicate greater improvement. (NCT01039792)
Timeframe: 8 weeks

InterventionCGI- Improvement (Mean)
Placebo3.1
Active2.4

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Percent of Participants With a Partial Response (PR) or a Complete Response (CR)

CR and PR based on RECIST Guidelines: CR is defined as the disappearance of all tumor lesions; PR is defined as at least a 30% decrease in the sum of the LD of target lesions taking as reference the baseline sum LDs or the complete disappearance of target lesions, with persistence (but not worsening) of one or more nontarget lesions and the appearance of no new lesions. PD is defined as at least a 20% increase in the sum of LD of target lesions taking as reference the smallest sum LD recorded since the treatment started or the appearance of one or more new lesions. (NCT01057589)
Timeframe: Date of first response to PD (up to 18.7 months)

Interventionpercentage of participants (Number)
Pemetrexed Cisplatin Cetuximab29.3

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Progression Free Survival (PFS)

PFS based on Response Evaluation Criteria in Solid Tumors (RECIST) Guidelines defined as the time from the date of first dose of study drug to first documented objective progressive disease (PD) or death from any cause. PD is defined as at least a 20% increase in the sum of longest diameter (LD) of target lesions taking as reference the smallest sum LD recorded since the treatment started or the appearance of one or more new lesions. (NCT01057589)
Timeframe: Baseline to date of PD or death up to 18.7 months

Interventionmonths (Median)
Pemetrexed Cisplatin Cetuximab4.4

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Change From Baseline in Participant Reported EQ-5D Utility Score at End of Triplet Combination Therapy and End of Maintenance Therapy

EQ-5D Index is derived by converting the Descriptive System (participant is required to rate health by checking 1 [no limitation], 2 [some limitation] or 3 [severe or complete limitation] in 5 dimensions [mobility, self-care, usual activities, pain/comfort and anxiety/depression]) to a single summary index. A utility value assigned to each individual's health state based on the absence or presence of moderate or severe problems in the 5 dimensions. A regression equation defines a utility value for these health states. The possible values for health utility ranged from -0.59 (severe problems in all 5 dimensions) to 1 (no problem in all dimensions) on a scale where 0 represents death and 1 represents the best possible health state. Possible change values range from -1.59 (no problems at baseline to severe problems at visit) to 1.59 (severe problems at baseline to no problems at visit). (NCT01057589)
Timeframe: Baseline, End of Triplet Combination Therapy (up to 6 cycles [4.2 months]) , End of Maintenance Therapy (up to 18.7 months)

Interventionunits on a scale (Mean)
Change at End of Triplet Therapy (n=29)Change at End of Maintenance Therapy (n=15)
Pemetrexed Cisplatin Cetuximab0.05-0.02

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Change From Baseline in Participant Reported European-Quality of Life 5 Dimension Instrument (EQ-5D) Visual Analog Scale (VAS) at End of Triplet Combination Therapy and End of Maintenance Therapy

Vertical VAS - a 20 millimeter (mm), fractionated scale in the form of a thermometer with endpoints of 0 (worst imaginable health state) and 100 (best imaginable health state). Participants used the EQ-5D VAS scale to rate their overall health on the day the questionnaire was administered. Possible change values range from -100 (best imaginable health at baseline changed to worst possible health at visit) to 100 (worst possible health at baseline changed to best possible health at visit). (NCT01057589)
Timeframe: Baseline, End of Triplet Combination Therapy (up to Cycle 6 [4.2 months]), End of Maintenance Therapy (up to 18.7 months)

Interventionunits on a scale (Mean)
Change at End of Triplet Therapy (n=23)Change at End of Maintenance Therapy (n=11)
Pemetrexed Cisplatin Cetuximab-1.2-10.6

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Change From Baseline in Performance Status Scale for Head and Neck Cancer Patients (PSS-HNC)

PSS-HNC is a clinician-rated instrument designed to measure speaking and eating disabilities of participants with head and neck cancer and consists of 3 subscales: Normalcy of Diet (NOD) subscale measures the ability of the participants to eat a normal diet, scale ranged from 0 (non-oral feeding) to 100 (unrestricted diet); Understandability of Speech (UOS)subscale measured the degree a clinician was able to understand the participant's speech, subscale ranged from 0 (never understandable) to 100 (always understandable); Eating in Public (EIP) subscale, rating based on clinician question to the participant to report who he/she eats with and in what setting, subscale ranged from 0 (always eats alone) to 100 (no restriction of place, food, or companion). Change from baseline: negative value represents a decrease in function and a positive value represents an increase in function. (NCT01057589)
Timeframe: Baseline, Triplet Combination Therapy Cycles 2, 4, 6 (cycle = 21 days) and optional Maintenance Therapy Cycles 1, 3, 5 and 7 (cycle = 21 days)

Interventionunits on a scale (Mean)
NOD-Change at Triplet Cycle 2 (n=53)NOD-Change at Triplet Cycle 4 (n=41)NOD-Change at Triplet Cycle 6 (n=24)NOD-Change at Maintenance Cycle 1 (n=23)NOD-Change at Maintenance Cycle 3 (n=10)NOD-Change at Maintenance Cycle 5 (n=6)NOD-Change at Maintenance Cycle 7 (n=5)EIP-Change at Triplet Cycle 2 (n=46)EIP-Change at Triplet Cycle 4 (n=37)EIP-Change at Triplet Cycle 6 (n=22)EIP-Change at Maintenance Cycle 1 (n=23)EIP-Change at Maintenance Cycle 3 (n=10)EIP-Change at Maintenance Cycle 5 (n=6)EIP-Change at Maintenance Cycle 7 (n=5)UOS-Change at Triplet Cycle 2 (n=53)UOS-Change at Triplet Cycle 4 (n=41)UOS-Change at Triplet Cycle 6 (n=24)UOS-Change at Maintenance Cycle 1 (n=23)UOS-Change at Maintenance Cycle 3 (n=10)UOS-Change at Maintenance Cycle 5 (n=6)UOS-Change at Maintenance Cycle 7 (n=5)
Pemetrexed Cisplatin Cetuximab-0.43.93.30.4-1.08.3-8.02.7-6.8-3.4-8.7-10.0-4.2-15.00.5-4.3-10.4-1.1-2.5-12.5-15.0

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Overall Survival (OS)

OS defined as the time from the date of first dose of study drug to the date to death from any cause. (NCT01057589)
Timeframe: Baseline to date of death up to 18.7 months

Interventionmonths (Median)
Pemetrexed Cisplatin Cetuximab9.7

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Overall Survival (OS)

Number of days from first dose of pralatrexate to death. (NCT01118624)
Timeframe: Assessed at the end of each even-numbered cycle (every 8 weeks), or per standard of care but at least every 4 weeks and no more than every 12 weeks (+/- 1 week) if treatment has ended. OS will be collected for up to 2 years from start of pralatrexate.

Interventionmonths (Median)
Pralatrexate11.3

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Objective Response Rate (ORR)

Tumor response evaluation was performed using RECIST 1.0 using CT/MRI. Proportion of patients achieving a CR or PR is considered in the overall response. (NCT01118624)
Timeframe: Assessed at the end of each even-numbered cycle (every 8 weeks), or per standard of care but no less than 4 weeks and nor more than every 12 weeks (+/- 1 week) if treatment has ended.

Interventionparticipants (Number)
Pralatrexate1

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Incidence of Adverse Events (AEs) and Laboratory Abnormalities

(NCT01118624)
Timeframe: Recorded at all study visits: every 2 weeks while on treatment and at safety follow-up (35 +/- 5 days post-last dose) or early termination visit (at time of withdrawal).

Interventionparticipants (Number)
Pralatrexate21

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Duration of Response (DOR)

One patient has a PR as response and duration of response was provided for that patient. (NCT01118624)
Timeframe: Assessed at the end of each even-numbered cycle (every 8 weeks), or per standard of care but no less than 4 weeks and nor more than every 12 weeks (+/- 1 week) if treatment has ended.

Interventiondays (Number)
Pralatrexate112

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Percentage of Participants With No Viable Tumor Cells in Resected Lung Tissue [Pathological Complete Remission (pCR)]

pCR after the participant has undergone surgery was calculated as: (total number of participants with pCR) divided by (the total number of participants in pathological response population) multiplied by 100. (NCT01165021)
Timeframe: At the time of surgery (within 3 to 6 weeks of Day 1 of Cycle 3 [21-day cycles] of chemotherapy)

Interventionpercentage of participants (Number)
Pemetrexed + Cisplatin93.3

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Progression-Free Survival (PFS)

PFS was defined as the time from date of first dose to the first observation of disease progression or death due to any cause. For participants not known to have died or did not have objective progressive disease (PD) as of the data inclusion cut-off date, PFS was censored at the date of the last objective progression-free disease assessment. PD was defined using RECIST v1.1 criteria as at least a 20% increase in the sum of the diameters of target lesions, taking as reference the smallest sum on study (including the baseline sum if that is the smallest). In addition to the relative increase of 20%, the sum must also demonstrate an absolute increase of at least 5 mm. The appearance of one or more new lesions is also considered progression. (NCT01165021)
Timeframe: Enrollment until the first date of objectively determined PD or death up to 64 months

Interventionmonths (Median)
Pemetrexed + Cisplatin12.4

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Percentage of Participants Who Exhibit a Downward Shift in Tumor Extent From Stage IIIAN2 to Stages IIIA, II, I, or Stage 0

Tumor downstaging compared to baseline (Stage IIIAN2) were those participants who exhibited a downward shift in tumor extent from Stage IIIAN2 to Stages IIIA, II, I, or 0 were reported. Downstaging was based on radiological examination. Stage IIIAN2 was locally advanced and/or involved lymph nodes, metastasis in ipsilateral mediastinal and or subcarinal lymph nodes, tumors were ≤2 centimeters (cm) up to 5 cm in greatest dimension; Stage IIIA was locally advanced and/or involved lymph nodes, tumor extension was restricted to the affected lung; Stage II was locally advanced and/or involved lymph nodes; Stage I was small localized cancers, usually curable; Stage 0 the cancer did not spread beyond the inner lining of the lung. Missing responses were also reported. Percentage of participants calculated as: (number of participants with a downward shift in extent of their tumor) divided by (total number of evaluable participants) multiplied by 100. (NCT01165021)
Timeframe: From study enrollment until disease progression or recurrence up to completion of 3 cycles (21-day cycles) of chemotherapy

Interventionpercentage of participants (Number)
No Change or Worsening of Tumor StageChange to Stage IIIAChange to Stage IIChange to Stage IMissing
Pemetrexed + Cisplatin29.429.411.817.611.8

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Overall Survival (OS)

OS was defined as duration from the date of study enrollment to the date of death from any cause. Participants not known to have died as of the data inclusion cut-off date were censored at the date of last contact. The last contact for participants in post-discontinuation was the last date participant was known to be alive. (NCT01165021)
Timeframe: Enrollment until the date of death from any cause up to 64 months

Interventionmonths (Median)
Pemetrexed + Cisplatin34.6

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Percentage of Participants With Complete Response (CR) or Partial Response (PR) [Overall Response Rate (ORR)]

Response was defined using Response Evaluation Criteria In Solid Tumors (RECIST v1.1) criteria. CR was defined as the disappearance of all target and non-target lesions and all target and non-target lymph nodes were non-pathological or normal in size [<10 millimeter (mm) short axis]. PR was defined as having at least a 30% decrease in sum of longest diameter of target lesions taking as reference the baseline sum diameters. ORR calculated as: (sum of the number of participants with PRs and CRs) divided by (number of evaluable participants) multiplied by 100. (NCT01165021)
Timeframe: From study enrollment until disease progression or recurrence up to completion of 3 cycles (21-day cycles) of chemotherapy

Interventionpercentage of participants (Number)
Pemetrexed + Cisplatin41.2

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To Determine the Overall Response Rate (CR+PR)

by RECIST version 1.1 criteria (NCT01183065)
Timeframe: 2 years

Interventionparticipants (Number)
Pralatrexate and Vitamin Supplementation8

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Maximum Concentration of Drug in Plasma (Cmax)

The maximum concentration of Pralatrexate at day 1 and 15 among phase 1 participants dosed at 105 milligrams per square meter of body surface area (mg/m2). The concentration is given in micrograms per milliliter. (NCT01188876)
Timeframe: Day 1 and Day 15

Interventionug/ml (Mean)
Day 1Day 15
Carboplatin/Pralatrexate23.8717.61

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Overall Survival

The number of participants still alive at the given time points. The duration of time is measured from the start of treatment until death due to any cause, participants are censored at the date of the last evaluation. The number participants surviving at 6, 12, 18, and 24 months is shown. (NCT01188876)
Timeframe: 6, 12, 18, and 24 months

InterventionParticipants (Count of Participants)
6 Months12 Months18 Months24 Months
Carboplatin/Pralatrexate49494633

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Progression Free Survival

The number of participants alive and without disease progression at the given time-points. Time is measured from the start of treatment. Progression is defined as having at least a 20% increase in the sum of the longest diameter (LD) of target lesions, taking as reference the smallest sum LD recorded since the treatment started or the appearance of one or more new lesions. (NCT01188876)
Timeframe: 3 months, 6 months

InterventionParticipants (Count of Participants)
3 Months6 Months
Carboplatin/Pralatrexate4440

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Area Under the Plasma Drug Concentration-Time Curve (AUC)

Area under the plasma drug concentration-time curve (AUC) for phase 1 participants that were dosed at 105 mg/m2. AUC represents the actual body exposure to drug after administration of a dose of the drug and is expressed in micrograms * hour per milliliter (ug*h/mL). (NCT01188876)
Timeframe: Day 1 and Day 15

Interventionug*h/mL (Mean)
Day 1Day 15
Carboplatin/Pralatrexate9.898.01

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Maximum Tolerated Dose (MTD)

The maximum tolerated dose of Pralatrexate in combination with Carboplatin in this patient population. The unit is given in milligrams per square meter of body surface area. MTD was determined using a standard 3 + 3 dose escalation cohort, where 3 participants were enrolled on the starting dose of 30 mg/m2 and if no dose limiting toxicities (DLT) were experienced after a full cycle, 3 additional participants were enrolled at the next highest dose level. Each increase in dose level escalated the dose of Pralatrexate by 15 mg/m2. If during any dose level, 1 patient out of 3 develops a DLT, then 3 additional patients will be added to that dose level. If 2 out of the 3 patients placed on any dose level experience a DLT, the preceding dose is considered MTD. If 1/6 has a DLT, the next higher dose level will commence accrual (unless at level +5 and then accrual to the Phase I portion will stop). If ≥ 2 of 6 patients have a DLT, then the preceding dose will be considered MTD. (NCT01188876)
Timeframe: 1 year

Interventionmg/m^2 (Number)
Carboplatin/Pralatrexate105

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Progression Free Survival (PFS)

(NCT01194453)
Timeframe: 36months

Interventionday (Median)
Group A168
Group B140

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Response Rate

(NCT01194453)
Timeframe: 6 weeks

Interventionpercentage (Number)
Group A24.41
Group B14.17

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Mean Neuropathic Pain Score at Visit 3 (Week 1)

Neuropathic pain score included 10 pain descriptors (intensity, stinging, burning, dull pain, coldness, sensitivity, numbness, depth, superficial and unpleasant) quantified on a 0 (no symptoms) to 10 (worst symptoms imaginable). Questionnaire generated a score in each of the relevant dimensions and a total score of 0-100. Higher score indicated a greater intensity of pain. (NCT01263132)
Timeframe: Visit 3 (Week 1)

InterventionUnits on a Scale (Mean)
Gabapentin51.00
MF0434 + Gabapentin50.70

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Mean Neuropathic Pain Score at Visit 4 (Week 2)

Neuropathic pain score included 10 pain descriptors (intensity, stinging, burning, dull pain, coldness, sensitivity, numbness, depth, superficial and unpleasant) quantified on a 0 (no symptoms) to 10 (worst symptoms imaginable). Questionnaire generated a score in each of the relevant dimensions and a total score of 0-100. Higher score indicated a greater intensity of pain. (NCT01263132)
Timeframe: Visit 4 (Week 2)

InterventionUnits on a Scale (Mean)
Gabapentin41.24
MF0434 + Gabapentin36.94

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Mean Neuropathic Pain Score at Visit 5 (Week 3)

Neuropathic pain score included 10 pain descriptors (intensity, stinging, burning, dull pain, coldness, sensitivity, numbness, depth, superficial and unpleasant) quantified on a 0 (no symptoms) to 10 (worst symptoms imaginable). Questionnaire generated a score in each of the relevant dimensions and a total score of 0-100. Higher score indicated a greater intensity of pain. (NCT01263132)
Timeframe: Visit 5 (Week 3)

InterventionUnits on a Scale (Mean)
Gabapentin33.74
MF0434 + Gabapentin24.86

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Mean Neuropathic Pain Score at Visit 6 (Week 4)

Neuropathic pain score included 10 pain descriptors (intensity, stinging, burning, dull pain, coldness, sensitivity, numbness, depth, superficial and unpleasant) quantified on a 0 (no symptoms) to 10 (worst symptoms imaginable). Questionnaire generated a score in each of the relevant dimensions and a total score of 0-100. Higher score indicated a greater intensity of pain. (NCT01263132)
Timeframe: Visit 6 (Week 4)

InterventionUnits on a Scale (Mean)
Gabapentin22.08
MF0434 + Gabapentin17.29

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Quality of Life Survey Assessed Using Short Form 36 (SF-36) Questionnaire

SF-36 is a standardized health survey consisting of 36 questions to measure functional health status. Summary scores are calculated using the following 8 dimensions: physical functioning, role-physical, bodily pain, general health, vitality, social functioning, role-emotional, and mental health. The score for a component is obtained by SF-36 algorithm and it is represented as an average of the individual question scores, which are scaled 0 (not functioning) to 100 (highest functioning). Higher scores are indicative of a better health status. (NCT01263132)
Timeframe: Visit 2 (Baseline) to Visit 6 (Week 4)

,
InterventionUnits on a Scale (Mean)
Baseline (Visit 2): General SF-36 QoL IndexWeek 1 (Visit 3): General SF-36 QoL IndexWeek 2 (Visit 4): General SF-36 QoL IndexWeek 3 (Visit 5): General SF-36 QoL IndexWeek 4 (Visit 6): General SF-36 QoL Index
Gabapentin53.04465.77969.53173.05878.869
MF0434 + Gabapentin56.50765.61074.37078.07582.331

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Number of Participants in the Categories of Having and of Not Having a Serious Adverse Event (SAE)

A serious adverse event is hosptalization or death or pathology leading to early termination of a participant from the study. This was to be reported at anytime during the 28 week study of adult patients ages 18-65 with moderate to severe plaque psoriasis though categorized by Week 16 (on adalimumab alone, by Week 28 (on adalimuamb plus 3 B vitaminsand by day 70 post Week 28. (NCT01704599)
Timeframe: By Week 16, by Week 28 and by Day 70 post Week 28.

Interventionparticipants (Number)
No SAESAE by Week 16SAE by Week 28SAE by Day 70 afterWeek 28
Humira Then Humira Plus 3 B Vitamins7100

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Number of Participants in the Categories of Normalizing, Unchanging and Newly Abnormal Electrocardiograms (EKGs)

An electrocardiogram (EKG) is used to evaluate the electrical activity of the heart by converting this activity into line tracings on paper.. Electrodes (small, plastic patches) are placed at certain locations on the chest, arms, and legs. When the electrodes are connected to an EKG machine by lead wires, the electrical activity of the heart is measured, interpreted, and printed out for the doctor's information and further interpretation. This test was to be administered to adults age 18 or older with moderate to severe plaque psoriasis patients at week 0, 16 and week 28 of this study. (NCT01704599)
Timeframe: Week 16 and then Week 28 after another 12 weeks on Humira plus vitamins and if early termination

Interventionparticipants (Number)
NormalizingUnchangedNewly abnormal
Humira Then Humira Plus 3 B Vitamins141

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Number of Participants Who Fulfilled the Category of Having Height Measured

Height is the distance from the bottom (soles of feet ) to the top (top of head) of a person when that person is standing in this study using ruler in inches.Participants measured were adults age 18 or older with moderate to severe plaque psoriasis. (NCT01704599)
Timeframe: Week 0 at Start of Adalimumab

Interventionparticipants (Number)
MeasuredNot measured
Humira Then Humira Plus 3 B Vitamins80

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Number of Participants With a Categorical Change in Static Physician Global Assessment (sPGA):

Number of participants with a category change in Physician static Global Assessment (sPGA): 7 point score from 0 (clear) to 6 measuring amount of surface covered and plaque qualities: thickness & erythema plus scaling. Dynamic score compares baseline with either improvement/ worsening of the same factors measured in the sPGA using the 0-6 scoring range but focused on change. sPGA at weeks 16 AND 28. dynamic PGA to be categoically measured at.weeks16 and 28. (NCT01704599)
Timeframe: Week 16 and Week 28

Interventionparticipants (Number)
ImprovedUnchangedWorsened
Humira Then Humira Plus 3 B Vitamins313

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Number of Participants With a Categorical DLQI (Dermatology Life Quality Index) Change

DLQI is 10 questions examining impact of skin disease on quality of life: (1) symptoms & feelings (2) daily activities (3) leisure (4) work & school (5) personal relationship (6) treatment. To be administered to adults over 18 years with moderate to severe plaque psoriasis at week 0 (no systemic psoriasis medication);. weeks 16 ( after 16 weeks of adalimumab) and week 28 (after 16 weeks adalimumab then 12 weeks of adalimumab plus daily 5 mg folic acid, 100 mg vitamin B6 and 1000 mcg B12). (NCT01704599)
Timeframe: Week 16 and Week 28

Interventionparticipants (Number)
ImprovedUnchangedWorsened
Humira Then Humira Plus 3 B Vitamins331

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Number of Participants With Category Change in Serum Folic Acid Level.

Serum folic acid level in adults ages 18 and older with mild to moderate plaque psoriasis measured at week 16 after 16 weeks adalimumab and at week 28 after 16 weeks adalimumab plus 12 weeks of adalimumab and daily 5 mg folic acid, 100 mg vitamin B6 and 1000 mcg B12. (NCT01704599)
Timeframe: Weeks 16 and 28

Interventionparticipants (Number)
IncreasedUnchangedDecreasedNot evaluable (if >20 ng/ml only stated as such)
Humira Then Humira Plus 3 B Vitamins3002

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Number of Participants Within the Categories of Increasing and Decreasing Blood Pressure and Pulse Measures:

Blood pressure is the force the heart exerts against the walls of arteries as it pumps the blood out to the body. The unit of measurement is millimeters of mercury (mm Hg). Pulse is the number of times your heart beats per minute. The unit of measurement is beats per minute (BPM). These test measurements compared in adults with moderate to severe plaque psoriasis week 16 after 16 weeks adalimumab and week 28 after 16 weeks adalimumab plus 5 mg folic acid, 100 mg vitamin B6 and 1000 mcg vitamin B12. (NCT01704599)
Timeframe: Week 16 and Week 28

Interventionparticipants (Number)
Systolic BP increasedSystolic BP unchangedSystolic BP decreasedDiastolic BP increasedDiastolic BP unchangedDiastolic BP decreasedPulse increasedPulse unchangedPulse decreased
Humira Then Humira Plus 3 B Vitamins403502502

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Number of Participants in Categories or Increasing and Decreasing Changes Within the CBC (Complete Blood Count)

Change in CBC parameter: white blood count or hemoglobin or hematocrit ( as measured week 16 on adalimumab and at week 28 after 12 more weeks on adalimuamb , folic acid, B6 and B12) in adults ages 18-65 with moderate to severe plaque psoriasis. (NCT01704599)
Timeframe: Week 16 and Week 28

Interventionparticipants (Number)
WBC increasedWBC unchangedWBC decreasedHemoglobin/Hematocrit increasedHemoglobin/Hematocrit unchangedHemoglobin/Hematocrit decreased
Humira Then Humira Plus 3 B Vitamins302302

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Number of Participants With Category Change in Serum VEGF (Vascular Endothelial Growth Factorl)

Adult particpants ages 18 or older with moderate to severe plaque psoriasis were to have serum VEGF measured at week 0 on no systemic psoriasis medication then at both weeks 16 on adalimumab and at week 28 on adalimumab plus folic acid, B6 and Vitamin B12. Subjects raniked by BMI week 0 low to high (NCT01704599)
Timeframe: At Screening visit, Week 16 on Humira, after another 12 weeks on Humira plus vitamins and if early termination

Interventionparticipants (Number)
IncreasedUnchangedDecreased
Humira Then Humira Plus 3 B Vitamins401

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Number of Participants With Category Change in Vitamin B12 Blood Level

Adult participants 18 years or older with moderate to severe plaque psoriasis were to have serum B12 levels measures Weeks 0 (on no systemic psoriasis medication), 16 (on adalimumab) and week 28 (on adalimumab plus daily 5 mg folic acid, 100 mg vitamin B6 and 1000 mcg B12. (NCT01704599)
Timeframe: At Week 16 and Week 28

Interventionparticipants (Number)
IncreasedUnchangedWorsened
Humira Then Humira Plus 3 B Vitamins500

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Number of Participants Within Categories of Body Temperature Change

Using a thermometer for body temperature on degrees Fahrenheit. Participants to be measured were adults 18 years or older with moderate to severe plaque psoriasis with temperature to be measured at week 16 16 weeks of adalimumab and week 28 after 16 weeks of adalimumab then 12 weeks of adalimumab plus 5 mg folic acid, 100 mg vitamin B6 and 1000 mcg of B12. (NCT01704599)
Timeframe: Weeks 16 and 28

Interventionparticipants (Number)
increasedunchangeddecreased
Humira Then Humira Plus 3 B Vitamins221

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Number of Participants Within the Categories of Elevated and Normal Helicobacter Pylori Antibody

Adult participants age 18 years or older with moderate to severe plaque psoriasis with serum IgG antibodies against Helicobacter pylori bacteria using commercial ELISA assay during the 28 week study. (NCT01704599)
Timeframe: Week 28 after 16 weeks of Adalimumab then 12 of Adalimumab-Vitamins

Interventionparticipants (Number)
ElevatedNormal
Humira Then Humira Plus 3 B Vitamins26

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Number of Participants Within the Categories of Increasing and Decreasing Serum Magnesium

Serum magnesium (Mg) was to be measured at baseline, Week 16 (on adalimumab) and at week 28 (on adalimumab plus folic acid, vitamins B6 and B12) in adult participants age 18 or older with moderate to severe plaque psoriasis. (NCT01704599)
Timeframe: Weeks 16 and 28

Interventionparticipants (Number)
IncreasedUnchangedDecreased
Humira Then Humira Plus 3 B Vitamins122

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Number of Participants Within the Categories of Increasing and Decreasing Serum Phosphorus

Serum phosphorus (P) levels were to be measured weeks16 and 28 in adult participants age 18 and older with moderate to severe plaque psoriasis at week 0 on no systemic psoriasis medication; week 16 after 16 weeks of adalimumab and at week 28 after 16 weeks of adalimumab plus 12 weeks of adalimumab plus 5 mg folic acid, 100 mg vitamin B6 and 1000 mcg of B12. (NCT01704599)
Timeframe: Week 16 then Week 28

Interventionparticipants (Number)
IncreasedUnchangedDecreased
Humira Then Humira Plus 3 B Vitamins302

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Number of Participants Within the Categories of Increasing and Decreasing Serum Vitamin B6 Level

Serum vitamin B6 levels were to be measured weeks16 after 16 weeks adalimumab and at week 28 after 16 weeks adalimumab and 12 weeks on adalimuamb, folic acid 5 mg, b6 100 mg and B12 1000 mcg in adult participants with moderate to sever plque psoriasis. (NCT01704599)
Timeframe: At Week 16 and Week 28

Interventionparticipants (Number)
IncreasedUnchangedDecreased
Humira Then Humira Plus 3 B Vitamins400

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Number of Participants Within the Categories of Positive Urine Pregnancy Test (Urine Hcg)

Women of childbearing years over age 18 with moderate to severe plaque psoriasis on no systemic therapy at week 0 of study. (NCT01704599)
Timeframe: At screening

Interventionparticipant (Number)
NegativePositive
Humira Then Humira Plus 3 B Vitamins10

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Number of Particpants With a Categorical PASI (Psoriasis Area and Severity Index) Change

PASI: formula based on body surface areas on head/neck, trunk, both arms & legs with disease quality grading induration, scale and erythema on participants ages 18-65 with moderate to severe plaque psoriasis measured at weeks 16 and 28. (NCT01704599)
Timeframe: Weeks 16 and 28

Interventionparticipants (Number)
ImprovedUnchangedWorsened
Humira Then Humira Plus 3 B Vitamins412

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PASI Change in Participants With Baseline VEGF Above 140 pg/ml and in Participants With Normal Baseline VEGF

Baseline VEGF level at week zero related to PASI change Week 16 on adalimumab compared to Week 28 after additonal 12 weeks of adalimumab plus folic acid, vitamin B6 and B12 in adult psoriasis patients ages 18-65 with moderate to severe plaque psoriasis.High levels were greater than or equal to 140 pg/ml. Normal VEGF was below this level. (NCT01704599)
Timeframe: Week 16 and Week 28

Interventionparticipants (Number)
PASI improved with high VEGFPASI Worsened with high VEGFPASI Unchanged with normal VEGFPASI Improved with normal VEGFPASI Worsened with normal VEGF
Humira Then Humira Plus 3 B Vitamins12130

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Number of Participants in the Categories of Having and Not Having an Adverse Event

"Worsening psoriasis or development or worsening of measured condition or new pathology not seen by week 16 but developed at weeks 28 or first discoved by telephone call day 70 post study:~AE Humira only" (NCT01704599)
Timeframe: After Week 16 of study

Interventionparticipants (Number)
No Adverse Event after Week 16Adverse Event Weeks 16-28Adverse event by Day 70 call after Week 28
Humira Then Humira Plus 3 B Vitamins241

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PASI Change Related to Baseline Body Mass Index Above, Below and Equal to 27.3

Change in PASI from Week 16 on adalimumab to Week 28 on adalimumab, folic acid, vitamin B6 and B12 in adults ages 18-65 with moderate to severe plaque psoriasis. (NCT01704599)
Timeframe: Week 16 and Week 28

Interventionparticipants (Number)
BMI >27.3 who improvedBMI >27.3 who worsenedBMI of 27.3 who were unchangedBMI<27.3 who improvedBMI<27.3 who worsened
Humira Then Humira Plus 3 B Vitamins40002

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Psoriasis Change in Participants With High H. Pylori Titers and With Normal Titers.

Change in PASI from Week 16 after 16 weeks of adalimumab to Week 28 after another 12 weeks of adalimumab plus folic acid, vitamins B6 and B12 and Change reported by telephone 70 days after week 28 (NCT01704599)
Timeframe: Week 16 to Week 28 and Week 28 to post study day 70

Interventionparticipants (Number)
high titer worsenedhigh titer improved then worsened day 70normal titer improvednormal titer unchanged then improved day 70normal titer worsened
Humira Then Humira Plus 3 B Vitamins11311

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Number of Participants Within the Categories of Increasign and Decreasing Body Weight

Weight is how heavy a participant is. Weight in pounds of each study adult participant age 18-65 years with moderate to severe plaque psoriasis measured at weeks 16 and compared to week 28 of study. (NCT01704599)
Timeframe: Week 16 and Week 28

Interventionparticipants (Number)
IncreasedUnchangedDecreased
Humira Then Humira Plus 3 B Vitamins205

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Number of Participants Within the Categories of Increasing and Decreasing Serum Homocysteine

Serum homocysteine measured at week 16 after 16 weeks of adalimumab and week 28 after 16 weeks of adalimumaband then 12 weeks of adalimumab plus 5 mg folic acid, 100mg B6 and 1000 mcg of B12 in adults ages 18-65 with moderate to sever plaque psoriasis.. (NCT01704599)
Timeframe: Week 16 and Week 28

Interventionparticipants (Number)
IncreasedUnchangedDecreased
Humira Plus 3 B Vitamins103

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Patient Satisfaction With Cervical Prep

Patients who were very satisfied or satisfied with cervical preparation. Assessed on Day of procedure. Assessed after completion of D&E procedure and just prior to discharge home. (NCT01751087)
Timeframe: patients' satisfaction with cervical prep was evaluated over course of cervical prep and procedure, up to 3 days

Interventionparticipants (Number)
Osmotic Dilators + Placebo (Vit c) + Placebo (Vit B12)72
Osmotic Dilators + Placebo (Vit c) + Misoprostol80
Osmotic Dilators + Mifepristone + Placebo (Vit B12)80

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Physician Satisfaction With Cervical Preparation

Participants for whom the operating physician reported being satisfied or very satisfied with the cervical preparation. Assessed on Day of procedure. Assessed after completion of D&E procedure. (NCT01751087)
Timeframe: physicians' satisfaction with cervical prep was evaluated over course of procedure, an average of 6 minutes

Interventionparticipants (Number)
Osmotic Dilators + Placebo (Vit c) + Placebo (Vit B12)71
Osmotic Dilators + Placebo (Vit c) + Misoprostol78
Osmotic Dilators + Mifepristone + Placebo (Vit B12)85

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Operative Time

The duration of the D&E procedure was measured with a stopwatch, starting with the first instrument that passes into the uterus and ending when the last instrument is removed from the uterus upon completion of the D&E (NCT01751087)
Timeframe: participants were assessed for the duration of the procedure, an average of 6 minutes

Interventionminutes (Mean)
Osmotic Dilators + Placebo (Vit c) + Placebo (Vit B12)6.27
Osmotic Dilators + Placebo (Vit c) + Misoprostol6.28
Osmotic Dilators + Mifepristone + Placebo (Vit B12)5.53

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Ability to Complete the D&E on the First Attempt

Assessed on day of procedure and following day. If the procedure was unable to be completed as planned and the subject had to leave the procedure room and return for another attempt either at a time later the same day or the next day. (NCT01751087)
Timeframe: participants were assessed for the duration of the procedure, an average of 6 minutes

Interventionparticipants (Number)
Osmotic Dilators + Placebo (Vit c) + Placebo (Vit B12)98
Osmotic Dilators + Placebo (Vit c) + Misoprostol98
Osmotic Dilators + Mifepristone + Placebo (Vit B12)98

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Chills (Any) After Day 2 Medication Administration

chills (any) after Day 2 medication administration (NCT01751087)
Timeframe: assessed immediately after administration of day 2 medication

Interventionparticipants (Number)
Osmotic Dilators + Placebo (Vit c) + Placebo (Vit B12)12
Osmotic Dilators + Placebo (Vit c) + Misoprostol39
Osmotic Dilators + Mifepristone + Placebo (Vit B12)18

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Complications From Procedure

Patient having any complication, including hospitalizations transfusions additional unplanned procedures (NCT01751087)
Timeframe: assessed immediately after completion of D&E and at 1 week and 1 month post-procedure

Interventionparticipants (Number)
Osmotic Dilators + Placebo (Vit c) + Placebo (Vit B12)10
Osmotic Dilators + Placebo (Vit c) + Misoprostol2
Osmotic Dilators + Mifepristone + Placebo (Vit B12)2

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Ease of Mechanical Dilation

Number of participants for whom, if additional mechanical dilation was required, it was difficult or very difficult. Assessed on day of procedure. Assessed after completion of D&E (NCT01751087)
Timeframe: participants were assessed for the duration of the procedure, an average of 6 minutes

Interventionparticipants (Number)
Osmotic Dilators + Placebo (Vit c) + Placebo (Vit B12)6
Osmotic Dilators + Placebo (Vit c) + Misoprostol4
Osmotic Dilators + Mifepristone + Placebo (Vit B12)1

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Initial Cervical Dilation

Measured at the time of procedure (immediately before the start of D&E) (NCT01751087)
Timeframe: participants were assessed during cervical dilation process, average time of 1 minute

Interventioncentimeters (Mean)
Osmotic Dilators + Placebo (Vit c) + Placebo (Vit B12)2.2
Osmotic Dilators + Placebo (Vit c) + Misoprostol2.5
Osmotic Dilators + Mifepristone + Placebo (Vit B12)2.4

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Need for Mechanical Dilation

Assessed on Day of procedure. Assessed immediately after completion of D&E (NCT01751087)
Timeframe: participants were assessed for the duration of the procedure, an average of 6 minutes

Interventionparticipants (Number)
Osmotic Dilators + Placebo (Vit c) + Placebo (Vit B12)26
Osmotic Dilators + Placebo (Vit c) + Misoprostol9
Osmotic Dilators + Mifepristone + Placebo (Vit B12)16

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Change in Amount of Epogen Required

The effects of Vitamin B12 supplementation on erythropoitin alpha (Epogen) requirements in HD patients (NCT01876732)
Timeframe: Baseline and 4 months

Interventionunit/ml (Mean)
Vitamin B12-16,572

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Change in Quality of Life

The scoring procedure for the KDQOL-36 (Kidney Disease Quality of Life Instrument adopted for quality of life assessment of patients with kidney disease),first transforms the raw precoded numeric values of items to a 0-100 possible range with higher transformed scores reflecting a better quality of life. Each item is put on a 0 to100 range so that the lowest and highest possible scores are set at 0 and100, respectively. The results entered in the outcome data is the mean absolute difference between the mean pre-test score and the mean post-test score. (NCT01876732)
Timeframe: 3 month

InterventionScores on a Scale (Mean)
Social Function (pre-test)Social Function (post-test)Symptom/problem list (pre-test)Symptom/problem list (post-test)Effects of kidney disease (pre-test)Effects of kidney disease (post-test)Burden of kidney disease pre-testBurden of kidney disease (post-test)Work status (pre-test)Work status (post-test)Cognitive function (pre-test)Cognitive function (post-test)Quality of social interaction (pre-test)Quality of social interaction (post-test)Sexual function (pre-test)Sexual function (post-test)Sleep (pre-test)Sleep (post-test)Social support (pre-test)Social support (post-test)Dialysis staff encouragement (pre-test)Dialysis staff encouragement (post-test)Overall health (pre-test)Overall health (post-test)Patient satisfaction (pre-test)Patient satisfaction (post-test)Physical functioning (pre-test)Physical functioning (post-test)Role-physical (pre-test)Role-physical (post-test)Pain (pre-test)Pain (post-test)General health (pre-test)General health (post-test)Emotional well-being (pre-test)Emotional well-being (post-test)Role-emotional (pre-test)Role-emotional (post-test)Energy/fatigue (pre-test)Energy/fatigue (post-test)SF-12 physical composite (pre-test)SF-12 physical composite (post-test)SF-12 mental composite (pre-test)SF-12 mental composite (post-test)Social function (pre to post change)Symptom/problem list (pre to post change)Effects of kidney disease (pre to post change)Burden of kidney disease (pre to post change)Work status (pre to post change)Cognitive function (pre to post change)Quality of social interaction (pre to post change)Sleep (pre to post change)Social support (pre to post change)Dialysis staff encouragement (pre to post change)Overall health (pre to post change)Patient satisfaction (pre to post change)Physical functioning (pre to post change)Role-physical (pre to post change)Pain (pre to post change)General health (pre to post change)Emotional well-being (pre to post change)Role-emotional (pre to post change)Energy/fatigue (pre to post change)SF-12 physical composite (pre to post change)SF-12 mental composite (pre to post change)
Vitamin B1256.6767.5076.6275.6952.2954.5843.7537.5026.6716.6771.1172.4470.6779.1187.50100.0051.0051.3377.7877.7883.3382.5054.6760.0071.1162.2239.3337.0028.3340.0055.8365.8336.9244.3368.0064.0035.5655.5640.3348.0034.0636.1241.8844.8310.83-3.132.29-6.25-10.001.338.440.330.00-0.835.33-8.89-2.3311.6710.007.42-4.0020.007.672.062.94

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The Effect of Vitamin B12 Supplementation on Markers of Vitamin B Status

We will draw a blood sample at study start and at end study to measure to what extent vitamin status is altered. (NCT02272842)
Timeframe: 12 months

,
Interventionmol/L (Mean)
Cobalaminhomocysteine'Methyl Malonic acid
Placebo290.18.2.4
Vitamin B12316.36.60.3

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Extended Followup: Neurodevelopment (IQ)

"Wechsler Preschool and Primary Scale of Intelligence - Fourth Edition. This is a test of general abilities (IQ-test) Expected mean (SD): 100 (15), higher value indicate better cognitive functioning. Range approx. 40-140" (NCT02272842)
Timeframe: 3 years

InterventionIQ points (Mean)
Vitamin B1284.4
Placebo85.0

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Hemoglobin Concentration

Change in hemoglobin concentration from baseline to end study. (NCT02272842)
Timeframe: 12 months

Interventiong/dl (Mean)
Vitamin B121.1
Placebo1.0

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The Bayley Scales of Infant Development Version 3

Cognitive, Fine Motor, Gross Motor, Receptive language, and Expressive language scaled scores of the Bayley Scales of Infant Development version 3. This scale measures different aspects of neurodevelopment. The mean (SD) scores are usually 100 (15), and 95% of the population has scores between 70 and 130 (theoretical max/means 0/200). The higher scores, the better neurodevelopment; the scale is normalized on age. (NCT02272842)
Timeframe: 12 months

,
InterventionScaled Scores (Mean)
CognitiveReceptive languageExpressive languageFine MotorGross Motor
Placebo8.28.98.510.99.1
Vitamin B128.19.08.610.79.2

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Number of Participants Who Discontinued Any Study Drug Due to an AE

The number of participants who discontinued any randomized study drug due to an AE is presented. (NCT02578680)
Timeframe: Through Database Cutoff Date of 08-Nov-2017 (Up to approximately 21 months)

InterventionParticipants (Count of Participants)
Pembrolizumab112
Control30

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Progression-Free Survival (PFS) Per Response Evaluation Criteria in Solid Tumors (RECIST) 1.1 as Assessed by Blinded Central Imaging

PFS was defined as the time from randomization to the first documented progressive disease (PD) or death due to any cause, whichever occurred first. Per RECIST 1.1, PD was defined as ≥20% increase in the sum of diameters of target lesions, taking as reference the smallest sum on study. In addition to the relative increase of 20%, the sum must also demonstrate an absolute increase of ≥5 mm. Note: The appearance of one or more new lesions was also considered PD. The PFS per RECIST 1.1 is presented. (NCT02578680)
Timeframe: Through Database Cutoff Date of 08-Nov-2017 (Up to approximately 21 months)

InterventionMonths (Median)
Pembrolizumab8.8
Control4.9

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Overall Survival (OS)

OS was defined as the time from randomization to death due to any cause. Participants without documented death at the time of the interim analysis were censored at the date of the last follow-up. The OS is presented. (NCT02578680)
Timeframe: Through Database Cutoff Date of 08-Nov-2017 (Up to approximately 21 months)

InterventionMonths (Median)
PembrolizumabNA
Control11.3

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Overall Response Rate (ORR) Per RECIST 1.1 as Assessed by Blinded Central Imaging

ORR was defined as the percentage of participants in the analysis population who had a Complete Response (CR: Disappearance of all target lesions) or a Partial Response (PR: ≥30% decrease in the sum of diameters of target lesions, taking as reference the baseline sum diameters) per RECIST 1.1. The percentage of participants who experienced a CR or PR is presented. (NCT02578680)
Timeframe: Through Database Cutoff Date of 08-Nov-2017 (Up to approximately 21 months)

InterventionPercentage of Participants (Number)
Pembrolizumab47.6
Control18.9

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Number of Participants Who Experienced an Adverse Event (AE)

An AE was defined as any untoward medical occurrence in a study participant administered study drug and which does not necessarily have to have a causal relationship with this study drug. For participants who switched from the Control group to receiving pembro, AEs that occurred after the first dose of pembro are excluded from this interim analysis, but will be included in the final analysis. The number of participants who experienced an AE is presented. (NCT02578680)
Timeframe: Through Database Cutoff Date of 08-Nov-2017 (Up to approximately 21 months); Serious AEs: Up to 90 days after last dose of study treatment, Other AEs: Up to 30 days after last dose of study treatment

InterventionParticipants (Count of Participants)
Pembrolizumab404
Control200

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Duration of Response (DOR) Per RECIST 1.1 as Assessed by Blinded Central Imaging

For participants who demonstrated a confirmed CR (disappearance of all target lesions) or PR (≥30% decrease in the sum of diameters of target lesions) per RECIST 1.1, DOR was defined as the time from first documented evidence of a CR or PR until PD or death. DOR for participants who had not progressed or died at the time of analysis was to be censored at the date of their last tumor assessment. Per RECIST 1.1, PD was defined as ≥20% increase in the sum of diameters of target lesions. In addition to the relative increase of 20%, the sum must also have demonstrated an absolute increase of ≥5 mm. Note: The appearance of one or more new lesions was also considered PD. DOR assessments were based on blinded central imaging review with confirmation. The DOR per RECIST 1.1 for all participants who experienced a confirmed CR or PR is presented. (NCT02578680)
Timeframe: From time of first documented evidence of CR or PR through database cutoff date of 08-Nov-2017 (Up to approximately 21 months)

InterventionMonths (Median)
Pembrolizumab11.2
Control7.8

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Percentage Change in Average Joint Pain in Women With Aromatase Inhibitor-associated Musculoskeletal Symptoms (AIMSS) Compared to Baseline as Measured by the Brief Pain Inventory Short Form (BPI-SF).

"The Brief Pain Inventory - Short Form (BPI- SF) average pain score used. This item has a scale of 0 to 10 with 0 indicating No pain and 10 indicating Pain as bad as you can imagine We expect at least 20% improvement in BPI-SF pain scores. Participants were asked to rate worst pain an average pain within the last 24 hours." (NCT03069313)
Timeframe: Baseline and 90 days (+/- 10 days)

InterventionPercentage change (Mean)
Arm I-33.8

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Percentage Change in Functional Quality of Life as Measured by the Functional Assessment of Cancer Therapy-Endocrine Scale (FACT-ES)

All of the items in this questionnaire have a 5 scale rating, from not at all (0) to very much (4). Outcomes were measured pre and post treatment. Version 4 of the FACT-ES contains 3 subscales with seven questions: Physical Well-Being (PWB) (score range 0-28), Functional Well-Being (FWB) (score range 0-28), and Social and Well-Being (SWB) (score range 0-28); Emotional Well-Being (EWB) (score range 0-24) with six questions, and the Endocrine Symptom Subscale (ESS) (score range 0-76) containing 19 questions. For all subscale a higher score represents better quality of life. (NCT03069313)
Timeframe: Baseline and 90 days (+/- 10 days)

InterventionPercentage change (Mean)
SWBEWBPWBFWBESS
Arm I10.0210.846.31815.6

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Percentage Change in Worst Pain at the End of Treatment .

"Analysis of the data collected at baseline and at the end of treatment in the BPI-SF questionnaire. The Brief Pain Inventory - Short Form (BPI- SF) worst pain score used. This item has a scale of 0 to 10 with 0 indicating No pain and 10 indicating Pain as bad as you can imagine. Participants were asked to rate worst pain an average pain within the last 24 hours." (NCT03069313)
Timeframe: Baseline and 90 days (+/- 10 days)

InterventionPercentage change (Mean)
Arm I-23.03

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Percentage Change of Serum Levels of Vitamin B12, C-reactive Protein (CRP), Homoscyteine (HCys) and Methylmalonic Acid (MMA).

Inflammatory markers were measured pre and post treatment. (NCT03069313)
Timeframe: Baseline and at 90 days (+/- 10 days)

InterventionPercentage change (Median)
B12CRPHCysMMA
Arm I209.864.2-24.6-7.1

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Overall Survival (OS)

OS was measured from treatment day 1 until death or censoring. (NCT03349333)
Timeframe: 4 years

Interventionmonths (Median)
Pralatrexate18.00

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Objective Response Rate(ORR) by International Working Group Criteria

"ORR defined as the percentage of subjects with CR, CRu or PR as Best Overall Response.Evaluation of response must be performed within 7 days prior to the projected first dose of cycle 2-4 and then within 7 days prior to the projected first dose of every even-numbered subsequent cycle (i.e. prior to cycles 6, 8, etc). Unscheduled radiological response assessments will be performed earlier if clinical progression is suspected.The primary analysis will be conducted once all subjects have completed cycle 5 treatment or discontinued before. Study treatment may continue per investigator judgment for a maximum of 24 months.~Response will be assessed on the basis of clinical, radiological, and pathological criteria. Response will be assessed by independent central review and by the treating investigator. Central review assessors will be blinded to the response assessments by the treating investigator. The primary analysis will be based on response assessed by central review." (NCT03349333)
Timeframe: 2 years

InterventionParticipants (Count of Participants)
Pralatrexate37

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Terminal Phase Half-life [t1/2Z] for R-pralatrexate

The PK endpoints was analysed using the PK population. The overall PK population is defined as all subjects who receive at least one dose of Investigational Medicinal Product (IMP) and have at least one primary PK parameter. Subjects with non-zero baseline concentrations of >5% of Cmax for either analyte (R-pralatrexate or S-pralatrexate) will be removed from the PK population. (NCT03349333)
Timeframe: Cycle 1 day 1, Cycle 1 week 6（Pre-injection, end-injection, 30 and 60 minutes, and 3, 5, 8, 12, 18, 24, 48, and 72 hours post-end injection）

Interventionh (Mean)
Pralatrexate-R Cycle 1 Day 1 (30 mg/m2)Pralatrexate-R Cycle 1 Week 6 (20 mg/m2)Pralatrexate-R Cycle 1 Week 6 (30 mg/m2)
Pralatrexate8.504014.608911.8249

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Steady State Volume of Distribution [Vdss] for S-pralatrexate

The PK endpoints was analysed using the PK population. The overall PK population is defined as all subjects who receive at least one dose of Investigational Medicinal Product (IMP) and have at least one primary PK parameter. Subjects with non-zero baseline concentrations of >5% of Cmax for either analyte (R-pralatrexate or S-pralatrexate) will be removed from the PK population. (NCT03349333)
Timeframe: Cycle 1 day 1, Cycle 1 week 6（Pre-injection, end-injection, 30 and 60 minutes, and 3, 5, 8, 12, 18, 24, 48, and 72 hours post-end injection）

InterventionL (Mean)
Pralatrexate-S Cycle 1 Day 1 (30 mg/m2)Pralatrexate-S Cycle 1 Week 6 (20 mg/m2)Pralatrexate-S Cycle 1 Week 6 (30 mg/m2)
Pralatrexate517.16281110.65411680.6116

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Steady State Volume of Distribution [Vdss] for R-pralatrexate

The PK endpoints was analysed using the PK population. The overall PK population is defined as all subjects who receive at least one dose of Investigational Medicinal Product (IMP) and have at least one primary PK parameter. Subjects with non-zero baseline concentrations of >5% of Cmax for either analyte (R-pralatrexate or S-pralatrexate) will be removed from the PK population. (NCT03349333)
Timeframe: Cycle 1 day 1, Cycle 1 week6(Pre-injection, end-injection, 30 and 60 minutes, and 3, 5, 8, 12, 18, 24, 48, and 72 hours post-end injection)

InterventionL (Mean)
Pralatrexate-R Cycle 1 day1（30mg/m2）Pralatrexate-R Cycle 1 week6（20mg/m2）Pralatrexate-R Cycle 1 week6（30mg/m2）
Pralatrexate194.1589344.2511329.1892

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Steady State Clearance [CLss] for S-pralatrexate

The PK endpoints was analysed using the PK population. The overall PK population is defined as all subjects who receive at least one dose of Investigational Medicinal Product (IMP) and have at least one primary PK parameter. Subjects with non-zero baseline concentrations of >5% of Cmax for either analyte (R-pralatrexate or S-pralatrexate) will be removed from the PK population. (NCT03349333)
Timeframe: Cycle 1 day 1, Cycle 1 week 6（Pre-injection, end-injection, 30 and 60 minutes, and 3, 5, 8, 12, 18, 24, 48, and 72 hours post-end injection）

InterventionL/h (Mean)
Pralatrexate-S Cycle 1 Day 1 (30 mg/m2)Pralatrexate-S Cycle 1 Week 6 (20 mg/m2)Pralatrexate-S Cycle 1 Week 6 (30 mg/m2)
Pralatrexate34.634127.979445.2022

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Steady State Clearance [CLss] for R-pralatrexate

The PK endpoints was analysed using the PK population. The overall PK population is defined as all subjects who receive at least one dose of Investigational Medicinal Product (IMP) and have at least one primary PK parameter. Subjects with non-zero baseline concentrations of >5% of Cmax for either analyte (R-pralatrexate or S-pralatrexate) will be removed from the PK population. (NCT03349333)
Timeframe: Cycle 1 day 1, Cycle 1 week 6（Pre-injection, end-injection, 30 and 60 minutes, and 3, 5, 8, 12, 18, 24, 48, and 72 hours post-end injection）

InterventionL/h (Mean)
Pralatrexate-R Cycle 1 Day 1 (30 mg/m2)Pralatrexate-R Cycle 1 Week 6 (20 mg/m2)Pralatrexate-R Cycle 1 Week 6 (30 mg/m2)
Pralatrexate17.191416.378919.8406

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Maximum Observed Plasma Concentration [Cmax] for S-pralatrexate

The PK endpoints was analysed using the PK population. The overall PK population is defined as all subjects who receive at least one dose of Investigational Medicinal Product (IMP) and have at least one primary PK parameter. Subjects with non-zero baseline concentrations of >5% of Cmax for either analyte (R-pralatrexate or S-pralatrexate) will be removed from the PK population. (NCT03349333)
Timeframe: Cycle 1 day 1, Cycle 1 week 6（Pre-injection, end-injection, 30 and 60 minutes, and 3, 5, 8, 12, 18, 24, 48, and 72 hours post-end injection）

Interventionng/mL (Geometric Mean)
Pralatrexate-S in Cycle 1 day 1（30mg/m2）Pralatrexate-S in Cycle 1 week 6（20mg/m2）Pralatrexate-S in Cycle 1 week 6（30mg/m2）
Pralatrexate3727.85822325.51053439.9695

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Maximum Observed Plasma Concentration [Cmax] for R-pralatrexate

The PK endpoints was analysed using the PK population. The overall PK population is defined as all subjects who receive at least one dose of Investigational Medicinal Product (IMP) and have at least one primary PK parameter. Subjects with non-zero baseline concentrations of >5% of Cmax for either analyte (R-pralatrexate or S-pralatrexate) will be removed from the PK population. (NCT03349333)
Timeframe: Cycle 1 day 1, Cycle 1 week 6（Pre-injection, end-injection, 30 and 60 minutes, and 3, 5, 8, 12, 18, 24, 48, and 72 hours post-end injection）

Interventionng/mL (Geometric Mean)
Pralatrexate-R in Cycle 1 day 1（30mg/m2）Pralatrexate-R in Cycle 1 week 6（20mg/m2）Pralatrexate-R in Cycle 1 week 6（30mg/m2）
Pralatrexate4649.68112488.15025064.6667

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Area Under the Curve [AUC] for S-pralatrexate

The PK endpoints was analysed using the PK population. The overall PK population is defined as all subjects who receive at least one dose of Investigational Medicinal Product (IMP) and have at least one primary PK parameter. Subjects with non-zero baseline concentrations of >5% of Cmax for either analyte (R-pralatrexate or S-pralatrexate) will be removed from the PK population. (NCT03349333)
Timeframe: Cycle 1 day 1, Cycle 1 week 6（Pre-injection, end-injection, 30 and 60 minutes, and 3, 5, 8, 12, 18, 24, 48, and 72 hours post-end injection）

Interventionh*ng/ml (Geometric Mean)
Pralatrexate-S in Cycle 1 week 6（20mg/m2）Pralatrexate-S in Cycle 1 week 6（30mg/m2）Pralatrexate-S in Cycle 1 day 1（30mg/m2）
Pralatrexate1364.76862182.50781674.8773

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Area Under the Curve [AUC] for R-pralatrexate

The PK endpoints was analysed using the PK population. The overall PK population is defined as all subjects who receive at least one dose of Investigational Medicinal Product (IMP) and have at least one primary PK parameter. Subjects with non-zero baseline concentrations of >5% of Cmax for either analyte (R-pralatrexate or S-pralatrexate) will be removed from the PK population. (NCT03349333)
Timeframe: Cycle 1 day1，Cycle 1 week 6(Pre-injection, end-injection, 30 and 60 minutes, and 3, 5, 8, 12, 18, 24, 48, and 72 hours post-end injection)

Interventionh*ng/ml (Geometric Mean)
Pralatrexate-R in Cycle 1 week 6（20mg/m2）Pralatrexate-R in Cycle 1 week 6（30mg/m2）Pralatrexate-R in Cycle 1 day 1（30mg/m2）
Pralatrexate2350.74023979.10693586.2925

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Time to Response (TTR)

Time to response was measured from first day of treatment to the first date of documented response. (NCT03349333)
Timeframe: 2 years

Interventionmonths (Mean)
Pralatrexate2.0947

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Progression-Free Survival (PFS)

PFS was measured from treatment day 1 until event or censoring. An event was defined as the earliest of the following: death from any cause or disease progression. Subjects undergoing transplant or any other subsequent therapy prior to documentation of PD was censored at that time. Progression of disease deems as 1. 50% increase from nadir in the SPD of any previously identified abnormal node for PRs or nonresponders, 2.Appearance of any new lesion during or at the end of therapy as per IWC criteria. (NCT03349333)
Timeframe: 2 years

Interventionmonths (Median)
Pralatrexate4.76

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Percentage of Participants With Treatment Emergent Adverse Events

treatment emergent AE was scheduled to be collected during all subject visits, the data evaluated as clinical significant will be summarized and presented. (NCT03349333)
Timeframe: 4 years

Interventionpercentage of participants (Number)
Pralatrexate98.6

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Duration of Responses

Duration of response was measured from first day of documented response to disease progression or death, whatever comes first. (NCT03349333)
Timeframe: 4 years

Interventionmonths (Median)
Pralatrexate8.67

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Time of Cmax Observation [Tmax] for S-pralatrexate

The PK endpoints was analysed using the PK population. The overall PK population is defined as all subjects who receive at least one dose of Investigational Medicinal Product (IMP) and have at least one primary PK parameter. Subjects with non-zero baseline concentrations of >5% of Cmax for either analyte (R-pralatrexate or S-pralatrexate) will be removed from the PK population. (NCT03349333)
Timeframe: Cycle 1 day 1, Cycle 1 week 6（Pre-injection, end-injection, 30 and 60 minutes, and 3, 5, 8, 12, 18, 24, 48, and 72 hours post-end injection）

Interventionh (Median)
Pralatrexate-S in Cycle 1 day 1（30mg/m2）Pralatrexate-S in Cycle 1 week 6（20mg/m2）Pralatrexate-S in Cycle 1 week 6（30mg/m2）
Pralatrexate0.10000.10000.1000

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Time of Cmax Observation [Tmax] for R-pralatrexate

The PK endpoints was analysed using the PK population. The overall PK population is defined as all subjects who receive at least one dose of Investigational Medicinal Product (IMP) and have at least one primary PK parameter. Subjects with non-zero baseline concentrations of >5% of Cmax for either analyte (R-pralatrexate or S-pralatrexate) will be removed from the PK population. (NCT03349333)
Timeframe: Cycle 1 day 1, Cycle 1 week 6（Pre-injection, end-injection, 30 and 60 minutes, and 3, 5, 8, 12, 18, 24, 48, and 72 hours post-end injection）

Interventionh (Median)
Pralatrexate-R in Cycle 1 day 1（30mg/m2）Pralatrexate-R in Cycle 1 week 6（20mg/m2）Pralatrexate-R in Cycle 1 week 6（30mg/m2）
Pralatrexate0.10000.10000.1000

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Terminal Phase Half-life [t1/2Z] for S-pralatrexate

The PK endpoints was analysed using the PK population. The overall PK population is defined as all subjects who receive at least one dose of Investigational Medicinal Product (IMP) and have at least one primary PK parameter. Subjects with non-zero baseline concentrations of >5% of Cmax for either analyte (R-pralatrexate or S-pralatrexate) will be removed from the PK population. (NCT03349333)
Timeframe: Cycle 1 day 1, Cycle 1 week 6（Pre-injection, end-injection, 30 and 60 minutes, and 3, 5, 8, 12, 18, 24, 48, and 72 hours post-end injection）

Interventionh (Mean)
Pralatrexate-S Cycle 1 Day 1 (30 mg/m2)Pralatrexate-S Cycle 1 Week 6 (20 mg/m2)Pralatrexate-S Cycle 1 Week 6 (30 mg/m2)
Pralatrexate10.863426.250524.8987

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Mean Hb Change Level During the Last Four Weeks of Treatment

The primary endpoints of this study is to assess mean Hb change level during the last four weeks of treatment. (NCT03408639)
Timeframe: Week 22 to week 26

Interventiong/dL (Mean)
CinnaPoietin®0.4
Eprex®0.74

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The Proportion of Patients With Treatment Success

Treatment success is considered as Hb concentration equal to or more than 11.0 g/dl and two consecutive weeks without any blood transfusion within the preceding three months (NCT03408639)
Timeframe: Week 12 to week 26

Interventionproportion of patients (Number)
CinnaPoietin®0.41
Eprex®0.44

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The Proportion of Patients With Maintenance Success

Maintenance success is considered as maintenance success is considered as maintenance of mean Hb concentration of 11.0 ± 1.0 g/dl for at least four consecutive weeks (NCT03408639)
Timeframe: 26 weeks

Interventionproportion of patients (Number)
CinnaPoietin®0.71
Eprex®0.43

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The Proportion of Patients With Any Permanent or Transient Dose Change

The proportion of patients with any permanent or transient dose change during 26 weeks. (NCT03408639)
Timeframe: 26 weeks

Interventionproportion of patients (Number)
CinnaPoietin®0.9
Eprex®0.95

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The Incidence of Hb Levels Above 13 g/dl

The first safety endpoint is the proportion of patients with at least one Hb measurement above 13 g/dL. (NCT03408639)
Timeframe: 26 weeks

InterventionParticipants (Count of Participants)
CinnaPoietin®31
Eprex®42

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The Percentage of Patients With Hb Measurements More Than 10.0 g/dl

The percentage of patients with Hb measurements more than 10.0 g/dl from week 22 to week 26. (NCT03408639)
Timeframe: Week 22 to week 26

InterventionParticipants (Count of Participants)
CinnaPoietin®55
Eprex®48

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The Percentage of Patients With Hematocrit Measurements More Than 30%

The percentage of patients with hematocrit measurements more than 30% from week 22 to week 26. (NCT03408639)
Timeframe: Week 22 to week 26

Interventionpercentage of patients (Number)
CinnaPoietin®86.76
Eprex®92.86

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The Proportion of Patients Needed Blood Transfusions

The proportion of patients needed blood transfusions during 26 weeks. (NCT03408639)
Timeframe: 26 weeks

Interventionproportion of patients (Number)
CinnaPoietin®0.04
Eprex®0.04

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The Incidence of Adverse Events

The incidence of adverse events during 26 weeks. (NCT03408639)
Timeframe: 26 weeks

InterventionParticipants (Count of Participants)
CinnaPoietin®23
Eprex®18

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Mean Weekly Epoetin Dosage Per kg Body Weight During the Last Four Weeks of Treatment

The mean weekly epoetin dosage per kg body weight during the last four weeks of treatment necessary to maintain the Hb level within 10-12 g/dl during the last four weeks of treatment is considered as the second primary endpoint. (NCT03408639)
Timeframe: Week 22 to week 26

InterventionIU/Kg/week (Mean)
CinnaPoietin®117.02
Eprex®110.01

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The Proportion of Patients With an Increase in Hb Concentration of > 1.0 g/dl for Four Consecutive Weeks

The proportion of patients with an increase in Hb concentration of > 1.0 g/dl for four consecutive weeks during 26 weeks. (NCT03408639)
Timeframe: 26 weeks

InterventionParticipants (Count of Participants)
CinnaPoietin®44
Eprex®41

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The Proportion of Patients With Any Hb Measurement Outside the Target Range (10-12 g/dl)

The proportion of patients with any Hb measurement outside the target range (10-12 g/dl) during 26 weeks. (NCT03408639)
Timeframe: 26 weeks

Interventionproportion of patients (Number)
CinnaPoietin®0.92
Eprex®1

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Change in Mean Arterial Pressure

The average pressure in a patient's arteries during one cardiac cycle (NCT03735316)
Timeframe: baseline, 4 hours

InterventionmmHg (Median)
B12a6
Placebo-0.5

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Change in Norepinephrine Equivalent Infusion Rate. Norepinephrine Equivalent Table is Listed in the Study Protocol

Vasopressors are administered and adjusted to maintain blood pressure. The combined dose of vasopressor dosage was calculated as norepinepheine equivalents listed in Table 1 of the protocol appendix and measured as a secondary outcome through the first 4 hours after intevention. (NCT03735316)
Timeframe: baseline, 4 hours

Interventionmcg/kg/min (Median)
B12a-0.035
Placebo0.02

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Change in Systolic Blood Pressure

The maximum arterial pressure during contraction of the left ventricle of the heart. (NCT03735316)
Timeframe: baseline, 4 hours

InterventionmmHg (Median)
B12a5.5
Placebo0.5

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Death

Number subject deaths (NCT03735316)
Timeframe: 30 days

InterventionParticipants (Count of Participants)
B12a0
Placebo0

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Duration of Hospital Stay

Number of days subjects are hospitalized (NCT03735316)
Timeframe: 30 days

Interventiondays (Median)
B12a11.5
Placebo15

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Duration of Intensive Care Stay

Number of days subjects are in the intensive care unit (NCT03735316)
Timeframe: 30 days

Interventiondays (Median)
B12a6
Placebo8.50

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Progression-Free Survival (PFS) Per Response Evaluation Criteria in Solid Tumors (RECIST) 1.1 as Assessed by Blinded Central Imaging

PFS was defined as the time from randomization to the first documented progressive disease (PD) or death due to any cause, whichever occurred first. Per RECIST 1.1, PD was defined as ≥20% increase in the sum of diameters of target lesions, taking as reference the smallest sum on study. In addition to the relative increase of 20%, the sum must also demonstrate an absolute increase of ≥5 mm. Note: The appearance of one or more new lesions was also considered PD. The PFS per RECIST 1.1 is presented. (NCT03950674)
Timeframe: Through Database Cutoff Date of 20-May-2019 (Up to approximately 31.2 months)

InterventionMonths (Median)
Pembrolizumab16.5
Control7.1

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Overall Survival (OS)

OS was defined as the time from randomization to death due to any cause. Participants without documented death at the time of the analysis were censored at the date of the last follow-up. The OS is presented. (NCT03950674)
Timeframe: Through Database Cutoff Date of 20-May-2019 (Up to approximately 31.2 months)

InterventionMonths (Median)
PembrolizumabNA
Control25.9

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Overall Response Rate (ORR) Per RECIST 1.1 as Assessed by Blinded Central Imaging

ORR was defined as the percentage of participants in the analysis population who had a Complete Response (CR: Disappearance of all target lesions) or a Partial Response (PR: ≥30% decrease in the sum of diameters of target lesions, taking as reference the baseline sum diameters) per RECIST 1.1. The percentage of participants who experienced a CR or PR is presented. (NCT03950674)
Timeframe: Through Database Cutoff Date of 20-May-2019 (Up to approximately 31.2 months)

InterventionPercentage of Participants (Number)
Pembrolizumab56.0
Control33.3

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Number of Participants Who Experienced an Adverse Event (AE)

An AE was defined as any untoward medical occurrence in a study participant administered study drug and which does not necessarily have to have a causal relationship with this study drug. The number of participants who experienced an AE is presented. (NCT03950674)
Timeframe: Through Database Cutoff Date of 20-May-2019 (Up to approximately 31.2 months)

InterventionParticipants (Count of Participants)
Pembrolizumab25
Control15

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Number of Participants Who Discontinued Any Study Drug Due to an AE

The number of participants who discontinued any randomized study drug due to an AE is presented. (NCT03950674)
Timeframe: Up to approximately 24 months

InterventionParticipants (Count of Participants)
Pembrolizumab9
Control3

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Duration of Response (DOR) Per RECIST 1.1 as Assessed by Blinded Central Imaging

For participants who demonstrated a confirmed CR (disappearance of all target lesions) or PR (≥30% decrease in the sum of diameters of target lesions) per RECIST 1.1, DOR was defined as the time from first documented evidence of a CR or PR until PD or death. DOR for participants who had not progressed or died at the time of analysis was censored at the date of their last tumor assessment. Per RECIST 1.1, PD was defined as ≥20% increase in the sum of diameters of target lesions. In addition to the relative increase of 20%, the sum must also have demonstrated an absolute increase of ≥5 mm. Note: The appearance of one or more new lesions was also considered PD. DOR assessments were based on blinded central imaging review with confirmation. The DOR per RECIST 1.1 for all participants who experienced a confirmed CR or PR is presented. (NCT03950674)
Timeframe: From time of first documented evidence of CR or PR through database cutoff date of 20-May-2019 (Up to approximately 31.2 months)

InterventionMonths (Median)
Pembrolizumab13.6
Control9.7

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SubstanceRelationship StrengthStudiesTrialsClassesRoles
acetylcarnitine
Acetylcarnitine: An acetic acid ester of CARNITINE that facilitates movement of ACETYL COA into the matrices of mammalian MITOCHONDRIA during the oxidation of FATTY ACIDS.		8.9493O-acylcarnitinehuman metabolite
monoisopropanolamine
monoisopropanolamine: possible industrial pollutant; structure. 1-aminopropan-2-ol : Any amino alcohol that is propan-2-ol substituted by an amino group at position 1.		3.0550amino alcohol;
secondary alcohol		Escherichia coli metabolite
dinitrochlorobenzene
Dinitrochlorobenzene: A skin irritant that may cause dermatitis of both primary and allergic types. Contact sensitization with DNCB has been used as a measure of cellular immunity. DNCB is also used as a reagent for the detection and determination of pyridine compounds.. 1-chloro-2,4-dinitrobenzene : A C-nitro compound that is chlorobenzene carrying a nitro substituent at each of the 2- and 4-positions.		2.0610C-nitro compound;
monochlorobenzenes		allergen;
epitope;
sensitiser
ethylene dichloride
ethylene dichloride: RN given refers to 1,2-isomer; structure given in first source. 1,2-dichloroethane : A member of the class of chloroethanes substituted by two chloro groups at positions 1 and 2.		2.6930chloroethaneshepatotoxic agent;
mutagen;
non-polar solvent
alpha-hydroxyglutarate
2-hydroxyglutarate : A dicarboxylic acid anion obtained by deprotonation of at least one of the carboxy groups of 2-hydroxyglutaric acid.. 2-hydroxyglutaric acid : A 2-hydroxydicarboxylic acid that is glutaric acid in which one hydrogen alpha- to a carboxylic acid group is substituted by a hydroxy group.		2.5202-hydroxydicarboxylic acid;
dicarboxylic fatty acid		metabolite;
mouse metabolite
2,3-diphosphoglycerate
2,3-Diphosphoglycerate: A highly anionic organic phosphate which is present in human red blood cells at about the same molar ratio as hemoglobin. It binds to deoxyhemoglobin but not the oxygenated form, therefore diminishing the oxygen affinity of hemoglobin. This is essential in enabling hemoglobin to unload oxygen in tissue capillaries. It is also an intermediate in the conversion of 3-phosphoglycerate to 2-phosphoglycerate by phosphoglycerate mutase (EC 5.4.2.1). (From Stryer Biochemistry, 4th ed, p160; Enzyme Nomenclature, 1992, p508). 2,3-bisphosphoglyceric acid : A bisphosphoglyceric acid that is glyceric acid carrying two phospho substituents at positions 2 and 3.		1.9710bisphosphoglyceric acid;
tetronic acid derivative		human metabolite
3-hydroxyisobutyric acid
3-hydroxyisobutyric acid: RN given refers to cpd without isomeric designation. 3-hydroxyisobutyric acid : A 4-carbon, branched hydroxy fatty acid and intermediate in the metabolism of valine.		2.07103-hydroxy monocarboxylic acid
acetoacetic acid
acetoacetic acid : A 3-oxo monocarboxylic acid that is butyric acid bearing a 3-oxo substituent.		2.85403-oxo fatty acid;
ketone body		metabolite
phosphoserine
Phosphoserine: The phosphoric acid ester of serine.		2.6530non-proteinogenic alpha-amino acid;
O-phosphoamino acid;
serine derivative		human metabolite
gamma-aminobutyric acid
gamma-Aminobutyric Acid: The most common inhibitory neurotransmitter in the central nervous system.. gamma-aminobutyric acid : A gamma-amino acid that is butanoic acid with the amino substituent located at C-4.		6.8141amino acid zwitterion;
gamma-amino acid;
monocarboxylic acid		human metabolite;
neurotransmitter;
Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite;
signalling molecule
aminolevulinic acid
Aminolevulinic Acid: A compound produced from succinyl-CoA and GLYCINE as an intermediate in heme synthesis. It is used as a PHOTOCHEMOTHERAPY for actinic KERATOSIS.. 5-aminolevulinic acid : The simplest delta-amino acid in which the hydrogens at the gamma position are replaced by an oxo group. It is metabolised to protoporphyrin IX, a photoactive compound which accumulates in the skin. Used (in the form of the hydrochloride salt)in combination with blue light illumination for the treatment of minimally to moderately thick actinic keratosis of the face or scalp.		6.612204-oxo monocarboxylic acid;
amino acid zwitterion;
delta-amino acid		antineoplastic agent;
dermatologic drug;
Escherichia coli metabolite;
human metabolite;
mouse metabolite;
photosensitizing agent;
plant metabolite;
prodrug;
Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite
ethylene glycol
Ethylene Glycol: A colorless, odorless, viscous dihydroxy alcohol. It has a sweet taste, but is poisonous if ingested. Ethylene glycol is the most important glycol commercially available and is manufactured on a large scale in the United States. It is used as an antifreeze and coolant, in hydraulic fluids, and in the manufacture of low-freezing dynamites and resins.. ethanediol : Any diol that is ethane or substituted ethane carrying two hydroxy groups.. ethylene glycol : A 1,2-glycol compound produced via reaction of ethylene oxide with water.		2.4220ethanediol;
glycol		metabolite;
mouse metabolite;
solvent;
toxin
acetic acid
Acetic Acid: Product of the oxidation of ethanol and of the destructive distillation of wood. It is used locally, occasionally internally, as a counterirritant and also as a reagent. (Stedman, 26th ed). acetic acid : A simple monocarboxylic acid containing two carbons.		3.1250monocarboxylic acidantimicrobial food preservative;
Daphnia magna metabolite;
food acidity regulator;
protic solvent
acetaldehyde
Acetaldehyde: A colorless, flammable liquid used in the manufacture of acetic acid, perfumes, and flavors. It is also an intermediate in the metabolism of alcohol. It has a general narcotic action and also causes irritation of mucous membranes. Large doses may cause death from respiratory paralysis.. acetaldehyde : The aldehyde formed from acetic acid by reduction of the carboxy group. It is the most abundant carcinogen in tobacco smoke.. aldehyde : A compound RC(=O)H, in which a carbonyl group is bonded to one hydrogen atom and to one R group.. acetyl group : A group, formally derived from acetic acid by dehydroxylation, which is fundamental to the biochemistry of all forms of life. When bound to coenzyme A, it is central to the metabolism of carbohydrates and fats.		3.89130aldehydecarcinogenic agent;
EC 3.5.1.4 (amidase) inhibitor;
electron acceptor;
Escherichia coli metabolite;
human metabolite;
mouse metabolite;
mutagen;
oxidising agent;
Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite;
teratogenic agent
acetone
methyl ketone : A ketone of formula RC(=O)CH3 (R =/= H).		3.0550ketone body;
methyl ketone;
propanones;
volatile organic compound		EC 3.5.1.4 (amidase) inhibitor;
human metabolite;
polar aprotic solvent
adenine
[no description available]		7.024406-aminopurines;
purine nucleobase		Daphnia magna metabolite;
Escherichia coli metabolite;
human metabolite;
mouse metabolite;
Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite
ammonium hydroxide
azane : Saturated acyclic nitrogen hydrides having the general formula NnHn+2.		6.32300azane;
gas molecular entity;
mononuclear parent hydride		EC 3.5.1.4 (amidase) inhibitor;
metabolite;
mouse metabolite;
neurotoxin;
NMR chemical shift reference compound;
nucleophilic reagent;
refrigerant
arsenic acid
arsenic acid: RN given refers to orthoarsenic acid(H3AsO4); see also sodium arsenate. arsenic acid : An arsenic oxoacid comprising one oxo group and three hydroxy groups attached to a central arsenic atom.		2.2110arsenic oxoacidEscherichia coli metabolite
quinacrine
Quinacrine: An acridine derivative formerly widely used as an antimalarial but superseded by chloroquine in recent years. It has also been used as an anthelmintic and in the treatment of giardiasis and malignant effusions. It is used in cell biological experiments as an inhibitor of phospholipase A2.. quinacrine : A member of the class of acridines that is acridine substituted by a chloro group at position 6, a methoxy group at position 2 and a [5-(diethylamino)pentan-2-yl]nitrilo group at position 9.		2.6330acridines;
aromatic ether;
organochlorine compound;
tertiary amino compound		antimalarial;
EC 1.8.1.12 (trypanothione-disulfide reductase) inhibitor
beta-alanine
[no description available]		2.2510amino acid zwitterion;
beta-amino acid		agonist;
fundamental metabolite;
human metabolite;
inhibitor;
neurotransmitter
benzene
[no description available]		3.4480aromatic annulene;
benzenes;
volatile organic compound		carcinogenic agent;
environmental contaminant;
non-polar solvent
benzoic acid
Benzoic Acid: A fungistatic compound that is widely used as a food preservative. It is conjugated to GLYCINE in the liver and excreted as hippuric acid.. benzoic acid : A compound comprising a benzene ring core carrying a carboxylic acid substituent.. aromatic carboxylic acid : Any carboxylic acid in which the carboxy group is directly bonded to an aromatic ring.		1.9810benzoic acidsalgal metabolite;
antimicrobial food preservative;
drug allergen;
EC 1.13.11.33 (arachidonate 15-lipoxygenase) inhibitor;
EC 3.1.1.3 (triacylglycerol lipase) inhibitor;
human xenobiotic metabolite;
plant metabolite
benzyl alcohol
Benzyl Alcohol: A colorless liquid with a sharp burning taste and slight odor. It is used as a local anesthetic and to reduce pain associated with LIDOCAINE injection. Also, it is used in the manufacture of other benzyl compounds, as a pharmaceutic aid, and in perfumery and flavoring.. hydroxytoluene : Any member of the class of toluenes carrying one or more hydroxy substituents.. benzyl alcohol : An aromatic alcohol that consists of benzene bearing a single hydroxymethyl substituent.. aromatic alcohol : Any alcohol in which the alcoholic hydroxy group is attached to a carbon which is itself bonded to an aromatic ring.. aromatic primary alcohol : Any primary alcohol in which the alcoholic hydroxy group is attached to a carbon which is itself bonded to an aromatic ring.		2.3920benzyl alcoholsantioxidant;
fragrance;
metabolite;
solvent
betaine
glycine betaine : The amino acid betaine derived from glycine.		20.141108amino-acid betaine;
glycine derivative		fundamental metabolite
bromide
Bromides: Salts of hydrobromic acid, HBr, with the bromine atom in the 1- oxidation state. (From McGraw-Hill Dictionary of Scientific and Technical Terms, 4th ed)		4.5580halide anion;
monoatomic bromine
1-butanol
1-Butanol: A four carbon linear hydrocarbon that has a hydroxy group at position 1.. butan-1-ol : A primary alcohol that is butane in which a hydrogen of one of the methyl groups is substituted by a hydroxy group. It it produced in small amounts in humans by the gut microbes.		2.6930alkyl alcohol;
primary alcohol;
short-chain primary fatty alcohol		human metabolite;
mouse metabolite;
protic solvent
cadaverine
[no description available]		2.3920alkane-alpha,omega-diamineDaphnia magna metabolite;
Escherichia coli metabolite;
mouse metabolite;
plant metabolite
carbamates
[no description available]		2.6330amino-acid anion
carbon monoxide
Carbon Monoxide: Carbon monoxide (CO). A poisonous colorless, odorless, tasteless gas. It combines with hemoglobin to form carboxyhemoglobin, which has no oxygen carrying capacity. The resultant oxygen deprivation causes headache, dizziness, decreased pulse and respiratory rates, unconsciousness, and death. (From Merck Index, 11th ed). carbon monoxide : A one-carbon compound in which the carbon is joined only to a single oxygen. It is a colourless, odourless, tasteless, toxic gas.		9.49240carbon oxide;
gas molecular entity;
one-carbon compound		biomarker;
EC 1.9.3.1 (cytochrome c oxidase) inhibitor;
human metabolite;
ligand;
metabolite;
mitochondrial respiratory-chain inhibitor;
mouse metabolite;
neurotoxin;
neurotransmitter;
P450 inhibitor;
probe;
signalling molecule;
vasodilator agent
formic acid
formic acid: RN given refers to parent cpd. formic acid : The simplest carboxylic acid, containing a single carbon. Occurs naturally in various sources including the venom of bee and ant stings, and is a useful organic synthetic reagent. Principally used as a preservative and antibacterial agent in livestock feed. Induces severe metabolic acidosis and ocular injury in human subjects.		6.9150monocarboxylic acidantibacterial agent;
astringent;
metabolite;
protic solvent;
solvent
carnitine
[no description available]		6.74312amino-acid betainehuman metabolite;
mouse metabolite
methane
Methane: The simplest saturated hydrocarbon. It is a colorless, flammable gas, slightly soluble in water. It is one of the chief constituents of natural gas and is formed in the decomposition of organic matter. (Grant & Hackh's Chemical Dictionary, 5th ed). methane : A one-carbon compound in which the carbon is attached by single bonds to four hydrogen atoms. It is a colourless, odourless, non-toxic but flammable gas (b.p. -161degreeC).		8.4730alkane;
gas molecular entity;
mononuclear parent hydride;
one-carbon compound		bacterial metabolite;
fossil fuel;
greenhouse gas
chlordecone
[no description available]		2.7130cyclic ketone;
organochlorine compound		insecticide;
persistent organic pollutant
choline
[no description available]		16.7422916cholinesallergen;
Daphnia magna metabolite;
Escherichia coli metabolite;
human metabolite;
mouse metabolite;
neurotransmitter;
nutrient;
plant metabolite;
Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite
aconitic acid
Aconitic Acid: A tricarboxylic acid with the formula (COOH)-CH2-C(COOH)=CH-COOH.. aconitic acid : A tricarboxylic acid that is prop-1-ene substituted by carboxy groups at positions 1, 2 and 3.		2.4110tricarboxylic acid
citric acid, anhydrous
Citric Acid: A key intermediate in metabolism. It is an acid compound found in citrus fruits. The salts of citric acid (citrates) can be used as anticoagulants due to their calcium chelating ability.. citric acid : A tricarboxylic acid that is propane-1,2,3-tricarboxylic acid bearing a hydroxy substituent at position 2. It is an important metabolite in the pathway of all aerobic organisms.		3.6490tricarboxylic acidantimicrobial agent;
chelator;
food acidity regulator;
fundamental metabolite
chlorine
chloride : A halide anion formed when chlorine picks up an electron to form an an anion.		6.5370halide anion;
monoatomic chlorine		cofactor;
Escherichia coli metabolite;
human metabolite
hydrochloric acid
Hydrochloric Acid: A strong corrosive acid that is commonly used as a laboratory reagent. It is formed by dissolving hydrogen chloride in water. GASTRIC ACID is the hydrochloric acid component of GASTRIC JUICE.. hydrogen chloride : A mononuclear parent hydride consisting of covalently bonded hydrogen and chlorine atoms.		6.29212chlorine molecular entity;
gas molecular entity;
hydrogen halide;
mononuclear parent hydride		mouse metabolite
salicylic acid
Scalp: The outer covering of the calvaria. It is composed of several layers: SKIN; subcutaneous connective tissue; the occipitofrontal muscle which includes the tendinous galea aponeurotica; loose connective tissue; and the pericranium (the PERIOSTEUM of the SKULL).		2.9240monohydroxybenzoic acidalgal metabolite;
antifungal agent;
antiinfective agent;
EC 1.11.1.11 (L-ascorbate peroxidase) inhibitor;
keratolytic drug;
plant hormone;
plant metabolite
2,3-diaminopropionic acid
3-aminoalanine : A diamino acid that is alanine in which one of the hydrogens of the methyl group is replaced by an amino group.		2.2510alanine derivative;
amino acid zwitterion;
beta-amino acid;
diamino acid;
non-proteinogenic alpha-amino acid		Escherichia coli metabolite
gallic acid
gallate : A trihydroxybenzoate that is the conjugate base of gallic acid.		4.0531trihydroxybenzoic acidantineoplastic agent;
antioxidant;
apoptosis inducer;
astringent;
cyclooxygenase 2 inhibitor;
EC 1.13.11.33 (arachidonate 15-lipoxygenase) inhibitor;
geroprotector;
human xenobiotic metabolite;
plant metabolite
octanoic acid
octanoic acid: RN given refers to parent cpd; structure in Merck Index, 9th ed, #1764. octanoic acid : A straight-chain saturated fatty acid that is heptane in which one of the hydrogens of a terminal methyl group has been replaced by a carboxy group. Octanoic acid is also known as caprylic acid.		2.4110medium-chain fatty acid;
straight-chain saturated fatty acid		antibacterial agent;
Escherichia coli metabolite;
human metabolite
beta-lysine
beta-lysine: RN given refers to parent cpd		210
hydrogen sulfide
Hydrogen Sulfide: A flammable, poisonous gas with a characteristic odor of rotten eggs. It is used in the manufacture of chemicals, in metallurgy, and as an analytical reagent. (From Merck Index, 11th ed). hydrogen sulfide : A sulfur hydride consisting of a single sulfur atom bonded to two hydrogen atoms. A highly poisonous, flammable gas with a characteristic odour of rotten eggs, it is often produced by bacterial decomposition of organic matter in the absence of oxygen.. thiol : An organosulfur compound in which a thiol group, -SH, is attached to a carbon atom of any aliphatic or aromatic moiety.		4.3760gas molecular entity;
hydracid;
mononuclear parent hydride;
sulfur hydride		Escherichia coli metabolite;
genotoxin;
metabolite;
signalling molecule;
toxin;
vasodilator agent
3-hydroxybutyric acid
3-Hydroxybutyric Acid: BUTYRIC ACID substituted in the beta or 3 position. It is one of the ketone bodies produced in the liver.. 3-hydroxybutyric acid : A straight-chain 3-hydroxy monocarboxylic acid comprising a butyric acid core with a single hydroxy substituent in the 3- position; a ketone body whose levels are raised during ketosis, used as an energy source by the brain during fasting in humans. Also used to synthesise biodegradable plastics.		7.07146(omega-1)-hydroxy fatty acid;
3-hydroxy monocarboxylic acid;
hydroxybutyric acid		human metabolite
n(1)-methylnicotinamide
N(1)-methylnicotinamide: RN given refers to parent cpd. 1-methylnicotinamide : A pyridinium ion comprising nicotinamide having a methyl group at the 1-position. It is a metabolite of nicotinamide which was initially considered to be biologically inactive but has emerged as an anti-thrombotic and anti-inflammatory agent.		2.6230pyridinium ionalgal metabolite;
anti-inflammatory agent;
human urinary metabolite;
mouse metabolite;
plant metabolite;
Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite
guaiacol
Guaiacol: An agent thought to have disinfectant properties and used as an expectorant. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p747). methylcatechol : Any member of the class of catechols carrying one or more methyl substituents.. guaiacol : A monomethoxybenzene that consists of phenol with a methoxy substituent at the ortho position.		1.9410guaiacolsdisinfectant;
EC 1.1.1.25 (shikimate dehydrogenase) inhibitor;
expectorant;
plant metabolite
hippuric acid
hippuric acid: RN given refers to parent cpd; structure in Merck Index, 9th ed, #4591. N-benzoylglycine : An N-acylglycine in which the acyl group is specified as benzoyl.		3.3611N-acylglycinehuman blood serum metabolite;
uremic toxin
methylmalonic acid
Methylmalonic Acid: A malonic acid derivative which is a vital intermediate in the metabolism of fat and protein. Abnormalities in methylmalonic acid metabolism lead to methylmalonic aciduria. This metabolic disease is attributed to a block in the enzymatic conversion of methylmalonyl CoA to succinyl CoA.. methylmalonic acid : A dicarboxylic acid that is malonic acid in which one of the methylene hydrogens is substituted by a methyl group.		22.5169176C4-dicarboxylic acidhuman metabolite
n(g),n(g')-dimethyl-l-arginine
N,N-dimethylarginine: asymmetric dimethylarginine; do not confuse with N,N'-dimethylarginine		9.64147alpha-amino acid
2-methylcitric acid
2-methylcitric acid: RN given refers to parent cpd		6.5151tricarboxylic acid
malic acid
malic acid : A 2-hydroxydicarboxylic acid that is succinic acid in which one of the hydrogens attached to a carbon is replaced by a hydroxy group.. 2-hydroxydicarboxylic acid : Any dicarboxylic acid carrying a hydroxy group on the carbon atom at position alpha to the carboxy group.		1.94102-hydroxydicarboxylic acid;
C4-dicarboxylic acid		food acidity regulator;
fundamental metabolite
propionaldehyde
propionaldehyde: may cause respiratory irritation; RN given refers to parent cpd; structure. propanal : An aldehyde that consists of ethane bearing a formyl substituent. The parent of the class of propanals.		2.730alpha-CH2-containing aldehyde;
propanals		Escherichia coli metabolite
aminocaproic acid
Aminocaproic Acid: An antifibrinolytic agent that acts by inhibiting plasminogen activators which have fibrinolytic properties.. 6-aminohexanoic acid : An epsilon-amino acid comprising hexanoic acid carrying an amino substituent at position C-6. Used to control postoperative bleeding, and to treat overdose effects of the thrombolytic agents streptokinase and tissue plasminogen activator.		1.9410amino acid zwitterion;
epsilon-amino acid;
omega-amino fatty acid		antifibrinolytic drug;
hematologic agent;
metabolite
creatine
[no description available]		10.91414glycine derivative;
guanidines;
zwitterion		geroprotector;
human metabolite;
mouse metabolite;
neuroprotective agent;
nutraceutical
cytosine
[no description available]		5.44150aminopyrimidine;
pyrimidine nucleobase;
pyrimidone		Escherichia coli metabolite;
human metabolite;
mouse metabolite;
Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite
lactic acid
Lactic Acid: A normal intermediate in the fermentation (oxidation, metabolism) of sugar. The concentrated form is used internally to prevent gastrointestinal fermentation. (From Stedman, 26th ed). 2-hydroxypropanoic acid : A 2-hydroxy monocarboxylic acid that is propanoic acid in which one of the alpha-hydrogens is replaced by a hydroxy group.		9.982742-hydroxy monocarboxylic acidalgal metabolite;
Daphnia magna metabolite
dimethylglycine
dimethylglycine: metabolic product of calcium pangamate; mutagen when mixed with nitrite; RN given refers to parent cpd. N,N-dimethylglycine : An N-methylglycine that is glycine carrying two N-methyl substituents.		10.18166amino acid zwitterion;
N-methyl-amino acid;
N-methylglycines		Daphnia magna metabolite;
human metabolite;
mouse metabolite
5,6-dimethylbenzimidazole
5,6-dimethylbenzimidazole: RN given refers to parent cpd. 5,6-dimethylbenzimidazole : A dimethylbenzimidazole carrying methyl substituents at positions 5 and 6.		12.63461dimethylbenzimidazoleEscherichia coli metabolite;
human metabolite
dimethyl sulfoxide
Dimethyl Sulfoxide: A highly polar organic liquid, that is used widely as a chemical solvent. Because of its ability to penetrate biological membranes, it is used as a vehicle for topical application of pharmaceuticals. It is also used to protect tissue during CRYOPRESERVATION. Dimethyl sulfoxide shows a range of pharmacological activity including analgesia and anti-inflammation.. dimethyl sulfoxide : A 2-carbon sulfoxide in which the sulfur atom has two methyl substituents.		4.93120sulfoxide;
volatile organic compound		alkylating agent;
antidote;
Escherichia coli metabolite;
geroprotector;
MRI contrast agent;
non-narcotic analgesic;
polar aprotic solvent;
radical scavenger
ethanolamine
[no description available]		3.96130ethanolamines;
primary alcohol;
primary amine		Escherichia coli metabolite;
human metabolite;
mouse metabolite
formaldehyde
paraform: polymerized formaldehyde; RN given refers to parent cpd; used in root canal therapy		4.09160aldehyde;
one-carbon compound		allergen;
carcinogenic agent;
disinfectant;
EC 3.5.1.4 (amidase) inhibitor;
environmental contaminant;
Escherichia coli metabolite;
mouse metabolite;
Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite
gamma-butyrobetaine
4-(trimethylammonio)butanoate : An amino-acid betaine gamma-aminobutyric acid zwitterion in which all of the hydrogens attached to the nitrogen are replaced by methyl groups.		2.4110amino-acid betaineEscherichia coli metabolite;
human metabolite
glycine
[no description available]		12.02905alpha-amino acid;
amino acid zwitterion;
proteinogenic amino acid;
serine family amino acid		EC 2.1.2.1 (glycine hydroxymethyltransferase) inhibitor;
fundamental metabolite;
hepatoprotective agent;
micronutrient;
neurotransmitter;
NMDA receptor agonist;
nutraceutical
glyceraldehyde
Glyceraldehyde: An aldotriose containing the propionaldehyde structure with hydroxy groups at the 2- and 3-positions. It is involved in the formation of ADVANCED GLYCOSYLATION END PRODUCTS.. glyceraldehyde : An aldotriose comprising propanal having hydroxy groups at the 2- and 3-positions. It plays role in the formation of advanced glycation end-products (AGEs), a deleterious accompaniment to ageing.. aldose : Aldehydic parent sugars (polyhydroxy aldehydes H[CH(OH)]nC(=O)H, n >= 2) and their intramolecular hemiacetals.		4.2260aldotriosefundamental metabolite
glycerol
Moon: The natural satellite of the planet Earth. It includes the lunar cycles or phases, the lunar month, lunar landscapes, geography, and soil.		8.19491alditol;
triol		algal metabolite;
detergent;
Escherichia coli metabolite;
geroprotector;
human metabolite;
mouse metabolite;
osmolyte;
Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite;
solvent
glycolic acid
glycolic acid: RN given refers to parent cpd. glycolic acid : A 2-hydroxy monocarboxylic acid that is acetic acid where the methyl group has been hydroxylated.		2.03102-hydroxy monocarboxylic acid;
primary alcohol		keratolytic drug;
metabolite
glyoxylic acid
glyoxylic acid: RN given refers to parent cpd. glyoxylic acid : A 2-oxo monocarboxylic acid that is acetic acid bearing an oxo group at the alpha carbon atom.		2.02102-oxo monocarboxylic acid;
aldehydic acid		Escherichia coli metabolite;
human metabolite;
mouse metabolite;
Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite
glycocyamine
glycocyamine: RN given refers to parent cpd; structure. guanidinoacetate : A monocarboxylic acid anion that is the conjugate base of guanidinoacetic acid, obtained by deprotonation of the carboxy group.. guanidinoacetic acid : The N-amidino derivative of glycine.		4.0631guanidinoacetic acids;
zwitterion		bacterial metabolite;
human metabolite;
mouse metabolite;
nutraceutical;
rat metabolite
carbonic acid
Carbonic Acid: Carbonic acid (H2C03). The hypothetical acid of carbon dioxide and water. It exists only in the form of its salts (carbonates), acid salts (hydrogen carbonates), amines (carbamic acid), and acid chlorides (carbonyl chloride). (From Grant & Hackh's Chemical Dictionary, 5th ed)		3.0510carbon oxoacid;
chalcocarbonic acid		mouse metabolite
hydrogen cyanide
Hydrogen Cyanide: Hydrogen cyanide (HCN); A toxic liquid or colorless gas. It is found in the smoke of various tobacco products and released by combustion of nitrogen-containing organic materials.. hydrogen cyanide : A one-carbon compound consisting of a methine group triple bonded to a nitrogen atom		4.74100hydracid;
one-carbon compound		Escherichia coli metabolite;
human metabolite;
poison
hydrogen carbonate
Bicarbonates: Inorganic salts that contain the -HCO3 radical. They are an important factor in determining the pH of the blood and the concentration of bicarbonate ions is regulated by the kidney. Levels in the blood are an index of the alkali reserve or buffering capacity.. hydrogencarbonate : The carbon oxoanion resulting from the removal of a proton from carbonic acid.		5.69270carbon oxoanioncofactor;
Escherichia coli metabolite;
human metabolite;
mouse metabolite;
Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite
dalteparin
Dalteparin: A low-molecular-weight fragment of heparin, prepared by nitrous acid depolymerization of porcine mucosal heparin. The mean molecular weight is 4000-6000 daltons. It is used therapeutically as an antithrombotic agent. (From Merck Index, 11th ed)		2.2510
histamine
[no description available]		10.22632aralkylamino compound;
imidazoles		human metabolite;
mouse metabolite;
neurotransmitter
hydantoin-5-propionic acid
hydantoin-5-propionic acid: metabolite of histidine. hydantoin-5-propionic acid : A imidazolidine-2,4-dione that is hydantoin substituted by a 2-carboxyethyl group at position 4.		1.9610imidazolidine-2,4-dione;
monocarboxylic acid		metabolite;
mouse metabolite
hydrogen
Hydrogen: The first chemical element in the periodic table with atomic symbol H, and atomic number 1. Protium (atomic weight 1) is by far the most common hydrogen isotope. Hydrogen also exists as the stable isotope DEUTERIUM (atomic weight 2) and the radioactive isotope TRITIUM (atomic weight 3). Hydrogen forms into a diatomic molecule at room temperature and appears as a highly flammable colorless and odorless gas.. dihydrogen : An elemental molecule consisting of two hydrogens joined by a single bond.		7.18400elemental hydrogen;
elemental molecule;
gas molecular entity		antioxidant;
electron donor;
food packaging gas;
fuel;
human metabolite
hydroxylamine
amino alcohol : An alcohol containing an amino functional group in addition to the alcohol-defining hydroxy group.		1.9810hydroxylaminesalgal metabolite;
bacterial xenobiotic metabolite;
EC 1.1.3.13 (alcohol oxidase) inhibitor;
EC 4.2.1.22 (cystathionine beta-synthase) inhibitor;
EC 4.3.1.10 (serine-sulfate ammonia-lyase) inhibitor;
nitric oxide donor;
nucleophilic reagent
hydroxymethylbilane
[no description available]		2.3620bilanesEscherichia coli metabolite;
mouse metabolite
imidazole
imidazole: RN given refers to parent cpd. 1H-imidazole : An imidazole tautomer which has the migrating hydrogen at position 1.		3.3570imidazole
indole
[no description available]		1.9310indole;
polycyclic heteroarene		Escherichia coli metabolite
iodine
Iodine: A nonmetallic element of the halogen group that is represented by the atomic symbol I, atomic number 53, and atomic weight of 126.90. It is a nutritionally essential element, especially important in thyroid hormone synthesis. In solution, it has anti-infective properties and is used topically.. diiodine : Molecule comprising two covalently bonded iodine atoms with overall zero charge..		11.78473diatomic iodinenutrient
itaconic acid
itaconic acid : A dicarboxylic acid that is methacrylic acid in which one of the methyl hydrogens is substituted by a carboxylic acid group.		3.2850dicarboxylic acid;
dicarboxylic fatty acid;
olefinic compound		fungal metabolite;
human metabolite
dihydroxyphenylalanine
Dihydroxyphenylalanine: A beta-hydroxylated derivative of phenylalanine. The D-form of dihydroxyphenylalanine has less physiologic activity than the L-form and is commonly used experimentally to determine whether the pharmacological effects of LEVODOPA are stereospecific.. dopa : A hydroxyphenylalanine carrying hydroxy substituents at positions 3 and 4 of the benzene ring.		2.8740hydroxyphenylalanine;
non-proteinogenic alpha-amino acid;
tyrosine derivative		human metabolite
kynurenine
Kynurenine: A metabolite of the essential amino acid tryptophan metabolized via the tryptophan-kynurenine pathway.. kynurenine : A ketone that is alanine in which one of the methyl hydrogens is substituted by a 2-aminobenzoyl group.		4.1231aromatic ketone;
non-proteinogenic alpha-amino acid;
substituted aniline		human metabolite
thioctic acid
Thioctic Acid: An octanoic acid bridged with two sulfurs so that it is sometimes also called a pentanoic acid in some naming schemes. It is biosynthesized by cleavage of LINOLEIC ACID and is a coenzyme of oxoglutarate dehydrogenase (KETOGLUTARATE DEHYDROGENASE COMPLEX). It is used in DIETARY SUPPLEMENTS.		11.55466dithiolanes;
heterocyclic fatty acid;
thia fatty acid		fundamental metabolite;
geroprotector
malonic acid
malonic acid : An alpha,omega-dicarboxylic acid in which the two carboxy groups are separated by a single methylene group.. dicarboxylic acid : Any carboxylic acid containing two carboxy groups.		2.6330alpha,omega-dicarboxylic acidhuman metabolite
racemethionine
Racemethionine: A preparation of METHIONINE that includes a mixture of D-methionine and L-methionine isomers.		6.2361alpha-amino acid;
amino acid zwitterion;
sulfur-containing amino acid		algal metabolite;
Daphnia magna metabolite;
Escherichia coli metabolite;
plant metabolite;
Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite
methanol
Methanol: A colorless, flammable liquid used in the manufacture of FORMALDEHYDE and ACETIC ACID, in chemical synthesis, antifreeze, and as a solvent. Ingestion of methanol is toxic and may cause blindness.. primary alcohol : A primary alcohol is a compound in which a hydroxy group, -OH, is attached to a saturated carbon atom which has either three hydrogen atoms attached to it or only one other carbon atom and two hydrogen atoms attached to it.. methanol : The primary alcohol that is the simplest aliphatic alcohol, comprising a methyl and an alcohol group.		4.88360alkyl alcohol;
one-carbon compound;
primary alcohol;
volatile organic compound		amphiprotic solvent;
Escherichia coli metabolite;
fuel;
human metabolite;
mouse metabolite;
Mycoplasma genitalium metabolite
phytic acid
Phytic Acid: Complexing agent for removal of traces of heavy metal ions. It acts also as a hypocalcemic agent.. myo-inositol hexakisphosphate : A myo-inositol hexakisphosphate in which each hydroxy group of myo-inositol is monophosphorylated.		4.1531inositol phosphate
inositol
Inositol: An isomer of glucose that has traditionally been considered to be a B vitamin although it has an uncertain status as a vitamin and a deficiency syndrome has not been identified in man. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p1379) Inositol phospholipids are important in signal transduction.. inositol : Any cyclohexane-1,2,3,4,5,6-hexol.. 1D-chiro-inositol : Belonging to the inositol family of compounds, D-chiro-inositol (DCI) is an isomer of glucose. It is an important secondary messenger in insulin signal transduction.. muco-inositol : An inositol that is cyclohexane-1,2,3,4,5,6-hexol having a (1R,2R,3r,4R,5S,6r)-configuration.		12.06360cyclitol;
hexol
methyl coenzyme m
methyl coenzyme M: RN & N1 from 9th CI Form Index; RN given refers to parent cpd		2.940S-substituted coenzyme M
melatonin
[no description available]		11.01273acetamides;
tryptamines		anticonvulsant;
central nervous system depressant;
geroprotector;
hormone;
human metabolite;
immunological adjuvant;
mouse metabolite;
radical scavenger
naphthalene
[no description available]		1.9310naphthalenes;
ortho-fused bicyclic arene		apoptosis inhibitor;
carcinogenic agent;
environmental contaminant;
mouse metabolite;
plant metabolite;
volatile oil component
nickel
Nickel: A trace element with the atomic symbol Ni, atomic number 28, and atomic weight 58.69. It is a cofactor of the enzyme UREASE.. nickel ion : A nickel atom having a net electric charge.. nickel atom : Chemical element (nickel group element atom) with atomic number 28.		11.17250metal allergen;
nickel group element atom		epitope;
micronutrient
niacinamide
nicotinamide : A pyridinecarboxamide that is pyridine in which the hydrogen at position 3 is replaced by a carboxamide group.		13.641528pyridine alkaloid;
pyridinecarboxamide;
vitamin B3		anti-inflammatory agent;
antioxidant;
cofactor;
EC 2.4.2.30 (NAD(+) ADP-ribosyltransferase) inhibitor;
EC 3.5.1.98 (histone deacetylase) inhibitor;
Escherichia coli metabolite;
geroprotector;
human urinary metabolite;
metabolite;
mouse metabolite;
neuroprotective agent;
Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite;
Sir2 inhibitor
niacin
Niacin: A water-soluble vitamin of the B complex occurring in various animal and plant tissues. It is required by the body for the formation of coenzymes NAD and NADP. It has PELLAGRA-curative, vasodilating, and antilipemic properties.. vitamin B3 : Any member of a group of vitamers that belong to the chemical structural class called pyridines that exhibit biological activity against vitamin B3 deficiency. Vitamin B3 deficiency causes a condition known as pellagra whose symptoms include depression, dermatitis and diarrhea. The vitamers include nicotinic acid and nicotinamide (and their ionized and salt forms).. nicotinic acid : A pyridinemonocarboxylic acid that is pyridine in which the hydrogen at position 3 is replaced by a carboxy group.		13.821233pyridine alkaloid;
pyridinemonocarboxylic acid;
vitamin B3		antidote;
antilipemic drug;
EC 3.5.1.19 (nicotinamidase) inhibitor;
Escherichia coli metabolite;
human urinary metabolite;
metabolite;
mouse metabolite;
plant metabolite;
vasodilator agent
nitrates
Nitrates: Inorganic or organic salts and esters of nitric acid. These compounds contain the NO3- radical.		3.87120monovalent inorganic anion;
nitrogen oxoanion;
reactive nitrogen species
nitric acid
Nitric Acid: Nitric acid (HNO3). A colorless liquid that is used in the manufacture of inorganic and organic nitrates and nitro compounds for fertilizers, dye intermediates, explosives, and many different organic chemicals. Continued exposure to vapor may cause chronic bronchitis; chemical pneumonitis may occur. (From Merck Index, 11th ed). nitric acid : A nitrogen oxoacid of formula HNO3 in which the nitrogen atom is bonded to a hydroxy group and by equivalent bonds to the remaining two oxygen atoms.		2.0310nitrogen oxoacidprotic solvent;
reagent
nitroxyl
nitroxyl: hydroxamic acid oxidized to nitroxyl free radical. nitroxyl : A nitrogen oxoacid consisting of an oxygen atom double-bonded to an NH group.		3.3660nitrogen oxoacid
nitrites
Nitrites: Salts of nitrous acid or compounds containing the group NO2-. The inorganic nitrites of the type MNO2 (where M=metal) are all insoluble, except the alkali nitrites. The organic nitrites may be isomeric, but not identical with the corresponding nitro compounds. (Grant & Hackh's Chemical Dictionary, 5th ed)		5.33180monovalent inorganic anion;
nitrogen oxoanion;
reactive nitrogen species		human metabolite
nitrous oxide
Nitrous Oxide: Nitrogen oxide (N2O). A colorless, odorless gas that is used as an anesthetic and analgesic. High concentrations cause a narcotic effect and may replace oxygen, causing death by asphyxia. It is also used as a food aerosol in the preparation of whipping cream.. dinitrogen oxide : A nitrogen oxide consisting of linear unsymmetrical molecules with formula N2O. While it is the most used gaseous anaesthetic in the world, its major commercial use, due to its solubility under pressure in vegetable fats combined with its non-toxicity in low concentrations, is as an aerosol spray propellant and aerating agent for canisters of 'whipped' cream.		16.522294gas molecular entity;
nitrogen oxide		analgesic;
bacterial metabolite;
food packaging gas;
food propellant;
general anaesthetic;
greenhouse gas;
inhalation anaesthetic;
NMDA receptor antagonist;
raising agent;
refrigerant;
vasodilator agent
hydroxide ion
[no description available]		2.0710oxygen hydridemouse metabolite
orotic acid
Orotic Acid: An intermediate product in PYRIMIDINE synthesis which plays a role in chemical conversions between DIHYDROFOLATE and TETRAHYDROFOLATE.. orotic acid : A pyrimidinemonocarboxylic acid that is uracil bearing a carboxy substituent at position C-6.		10.53626pyrimidinemonocarboxylic acidEscherichia coli metabolite;
metabolite;
mouse metabolite
oxalic acid
Oxalic Acid: A strong dicarboxylic acid occurring in many plants and vegetables. It is produced in the body by metabolism of glyoxylic acid or ascorbic acid. It is not metabolized but excreted in the urine. It is used as an analytical reagent and general reducing agent.. oxalic acid : An alpha,omega-dicarboxylic acid that is ethane substituted by carboxyl groups at positions 1 and 2.		3.0610alpha,omega-dicarboxylic acidalgal metabolite;
human metabolite;
plant metabolite
4-aminobenzoic acid
4-Aminobenzoic Acid: An aminobenzoic acid isomer that combines with pteridine and GLUTAMIC ACID to form FOLIC ACID. The fact that 4-aminobenzoic acid absorbs light throughout the UVB range has also resulted in its use as an ingredient in SUNSCREENS.. 4-ammoniobenzoate : A zwitterion obtained by transfer of a proton from the carboxy to the amino group of 4-aminobenzoic acid.. 4-aminobenzoic acid : An aminobenzoic acid in which the amino group is para to the carboxy group.		3.81120aminobenzoic acid;
aromatic amino-acid zwitterion		allergen;
Escherichia coli metabolite;
plant metabolite
triphosphoric acid
triphosphoric acid: used as water softener, peptizing agent, emulsifier & dispersing agent; ingredient of cleansers; meat preservative; RN given refers to parent cpd; structure		3.0350acyclic phosphorus acid anhydride;
phosphorus oxoacid
palmitic acid
Palmitic Acid: A common saturated fatty acid found in fats and waxes including olive oil, palm oil, and body lipids.. hexadecanoic acid : A straight-chain, sixteen-carbon, saturated long-chain fatty acid.		1.9810long-chain fatty acid;
straight-chain saturated fatty acid		algal metabolite;
Daphnia magna metabolite;
EC 1.1.1.189 (prostaglandin-E2 9-reductase) inhibitor;
plant metabolite
phenanthrene
phenanthrene : A polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon composed of three fused benzene rings which takes its name from the two terms 'phenyl' and 'anthracene.'		2.4420ortho-fused polycyclic arene;
ortho-fused tricyclic hydrocarbon;
phenanthrenes		environmental contaminant;
mouse metabolite
phenol
[no description available]		2.3420phenolsantiseptic drug;
disinfectant;
human xenobiotic metabolite;
mouse metabolite
phosphoric acid
phosphoric acid: concise etchant is 37% H3PO4. phosphoric acid : A phosphorus oxoacid that consists of one oxo and three hydroxy groups joined covalently to a central phosphorus atom.		7.3420phosphoric acidsalgal metabolite;
fertilizer;
human metabolite;
NMR chemical shift reference compound;
solvent
phosphoenolpyruvate
Phosphoenolpyruvate: A monocarboxylic acid anion derived from selective deprotonation of the carboxy group of phosphoenolpyruvic acid. It is a metabolic intermediate in GLYCOLYSIS; GLUCONEOGENESIS; and other pathways.. phosphoenolpyruvate : A monocarboxylic acid anion resuting from selective deprotonation of the carboxy group of phosphoenolpyruvic acid.. phosphoenolpyruvic acid : A monocarboxylic acid that is acrylic acid substituted by a phosphonooxy group at position 2. It is a metabolic intermediate in pathways like glycolysis and gluconeogenesis.		1.9710carboxyalkyl phosphate;
monocarboxylic acid		fundamental metabolite
phosphorylcholine
Phosphorylcholine: Calcium and magnesium salts used therapeutically in hepatobiliary dysfunction.. phosphocholine : The phosphate of choline; and the parent compound of the phosphocholine family.		3.7421phosphocholinesallergen;
epitope;
hapten;
human metabolite;
mouse metabolite
porphobilinogen
[no description available]		4.92120aralkylamino compound;
dicarboxylic acid;
pyrroles		Escherichia coli metabolite;
metabolite;
mouse metabolite
diphosphoric acid
diphosphoric acid : An acyclic phosphorus acid anhydride obtained by condensation of two molecules of phosphoric acid.		1.9310acyclic phosphorus acid anhydride;
phosphorus oxoacid		Escherichia coli metabolite
pqq cofactor
PQQ Cofactor: A pyrrolo-quinoline having two adjacent keto-groups at the 4 and 5 positions and three acidic carboxyl groups. It is a coenzyme of some DEHYDROGENASES.. pyrroloquinoline quinone : A pyrroloquinoline having oxo groups at the 4- and 5-positions and carboxy groups at the 2-, 7- and 9-positions.		2.6730orthoquinones;
pyrroloquinoline cofactor;
tricarboxylic acid		anti-inflammatory agent;
antioxidant;
cofactor;
water-soluble vitamin (role)
propylene glycol
Propylene Glycol: A clear, colorless, viscous organic solvent and diluent used in pharmaceutical preparations.. propane-1,2-diol : The simplest member of the class of propane-1,2-diols, consisting of propane in which a hydrogen at position 1 and a hydrogen at position 2 are substituted by hydroxy groups. A colourless, viscous, hygroscopic, low-melting (-59degreeC) and high-boiling (188degreeC) liquid with low toxicity, it is used as a solvent, emulsifying agent, and antifreeze.		6.56262glycol;
propane-1,2-diols		allergen;
human xenobiotic metabolite;
mouse metabolite;
protic solvent
1-propanol
1-Propanol: A colorless liquid made by oxidation of aliphatic hydrocarbons that is used as a solvent and chemical intermediate.. propan-1-ol : The parent member of the class of propan-1-ols that is propane in which a hydrogen of one of the methyl groups is replaced by a hydroxy group.		4.6690propan-1-ols;
short-chain primary fatty alcohol		metabolite;
protic solvent
propionic acid
propionic acid : A short-chain saturated fatty acid comprising ethane attached to the carbon of a carboxy group.		6.03360saturated fatty acid;
short-chain fatty acid		antifungal drug
pteridines
[no description available]		4.5580azaarene;
mancude organic heterobicyclic parent;
ortho-fused heteroarene;
pteridines
purine
1H-purine : The 1H-tautomer of purine.. 3H-purine : The 3H-tautomer of purine.. 9H-purine : The 9H-tautomer of purine.. 7H-purine : The 7H-tautomer of purine.		7.99161purine
putrescine
[no description available]		2.9240alkane-alpha,omega-diamineantioxidant;
fundamental metabolite
pyrazinamide
pyrazinecarboxamide : A monocarboxylic acid amide resulting from the formal condensation of the carboxy group of pyrazinoic acid (pyrazine-2-carboxylic acid) with ammonia. A prodrug for pyrazinoic acid, pyrazinecarboxamide is used as part of multidrug regimens for the treatment of tuberculosis.		1.9410monocarboxylic acid amide;
N-acylammonia;
pyrazines		antitubercular agent;
prodrug
pyridine
azine : An organonitrogen compound of general structure RCH=N-N=CHR or RR'C=N-N=CRR'.		3.3370azaarene;
mancude organic heteromonocyclic parent;
monocyclic heteroarene;
pyridines		environmental contaminant;
NMR chemical shift reference compound
pyridoxal
[no description available]		9.04182hydroxymethylpyridine;
methylpyridines;
monohydroxypyridine;
pyridinecarbaldehyde;
vitamin B6		cofactor;
Escherichia coli metabolite;
human metabolite;
mouse metabolite;
Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite
pyridoxal phosphate
Pyridoxal Phosphate: This is the active form of VITAMIN B 6 serving as a coenzyme for synthesis of amino acids, neurotransmitters (serotonin, norepinephrine), sphingolipids, aminolevulinic acid. During transamination of amino acids, pyridoxal phosphate is transiently converted into pyridoxamine phosphate (PYRIDOXAMINE).. pyridoxal 5'-phosphate : The monophosphate ester obtained by condensation of phosphoric acid with the primary hydroxy group of pyridoxal.		14.9911013methylpyridines;
monohydroxypyridine;
pyridinecarbaldehyde;
vitamin B6 phosphate		coenzyme;
cofactor;
EC 2.7.7.7 (DNA-directed DNA polymerase) inhibitor;
Escherichia coli metabolite;
human metabolite;
mouse metabolite;
Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite
pyridoxamine
[no description available]		5.7461aminoalkylpyridine;
hydroxymethylpyridine;
monohydroxypyridine;
vitamin B6		Escherichia coli metabolite;
human metabolite;
iron chelator;
mouse metabolite;
nephroprotective agent;
plant metabolite;
Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite
pyridoxine
4,5-bis(hydroxymethyl)-2-methylpyridin-3-ol: structure in first source. vitamin B6 : Any member of the group of pyridines that exhibit biological activity against vitamin B6 deficiency. Vitamin B6 deficiency is associated with microcytic anemia, electroencephalographic abnormalities, dermatitis with cheilosis (scaling on the lips and cracks at the corners of the mouth) and glossitis (swollen tongue), depression and confusion, and weakened immune function. Vitamin B6 consists of the vitamers pyridoxine, pyridoxal, and pyridoxamine and their respective 5'-phosphate esters (and includes their corresponding ionized and salt forms).		21.9461768hydroxymethylpyridine;
methylpyridines;
monohydroxypyridine;
vitamin B6		cofactor;
Escherichia coli metabolite;
human metabolite;
mouse metabolite;
Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite
pyrogallol
benzenetriol : A triol in which three hydroxy groups are substituted onto a benzene ring.		1.9310benzenetriol;
phenolic donor		plant metabolite
pyruvic acid
Pyruvic Acid: An intermediate compound in the metabolism of carbohydrates, proteins, and fats. In thiamine deficiency, its oxidation is retarded and it accumulates in the tissues, especially in nervous structures. (From Stedman, 26th ed). pyruvic acid : A 2-oxo monocarboxylic acid that is the 2-keto derivative of propionic acid. It is a metabolite obtained during glycolysis.		3.2602-oxo monocarboxylic acidcofactor;
fundamental metabolite
dimethyl sulfide
dimethyl sulfide: structure. dimethyl sulfide : A methyl sulfide in which the sulfur atom is substituted by two methyl groups. It is produced naturally by some marine algae.. methyl sulfide : Any aliphatic sulfide in which at least one of the organyl groups attached to the sulfur is a methyl group.		2.0310aliphatic sulfidealgal metabolite;
bacterial xenobiotic metabolite;
EC 3.5.1.4 (amidase) inhibitor;
Escherichia coli metabolite;
marine metabolite
thiosulfates
Thiosulfates: Inorganic salts of thiosulfuric acid possessing the general formula R2S2O3.. thiosulfate(2-) : A divalent inorganic anion obtained by removal of both protons from thiosulfuric acid.		5.5130divalent inorganic anion;
sulfur oxide;
sulfur oxoanion		human metabolite
dithionite
Dithionite: Dithionite. The dithionous acid ion and its salts.		3.1250sulfur oxide;
sulfur oxoanion
sarcosine
cocobetaine: N-alkyl-betaine; cause of shampoo dermatitis		10.37206N-alkylglycine zwitterion;
N-alkylglycine;
N-methyl-amino acid;
N-methylglycines		Escherichia coli metabolite;
glycine receptor agonist;
glycine transporter 1 inhibitor;
human metabolite;
mouse metabolite
sulfites
Sulfites: Inorganic salts of sulfurous acid.. sulfites : Any sulfurous acid derivative that is a salt or an ester of sulfurous acid.. organosulfonate oxoanion : An organic anion obtained by deprotonation of the sufonate group(s) of any organosulfonic acid.. sulfite : A sulfur oxoanion that is the conjugate base of hydrogen sulfite (H2SO3).		4.21180divalent inorganic anion;
sulfur oxide;
sulfur oxoanion
spermidine
[no description available]		2.420polyazaalkane;
triamine		autophagy inducer;
fundamental metabolite;
geroprotector
spermine
[no description available]		2.6930polyazaalkane;
tetramine		antioxidant;
fundamental metabolite;
immunosuppressive agent
succinic acid
Succinic Acid: A water-soluble, colorless crystal with an acid taste that is used as a chemical intermediate, in medicine, the manufacture of lacquers, and to make perfume esters. It is also used in foods as a sequestrant, buffer, and a neutralizing agent. (Hawley's Condensed Chemical Dictionary, 12th ed, p1099; McGraw-Hill Dictionary of Scientific and Technical Terms, 4th ed, p1851). succinic acid : An alpha,omega-dicarboxylic acid resulting from the formal oxidation of each of the terminal methyl groups of butane to the corresponding carboxy group. It is an intermediate metabolite in the citric acid cycle.		3.5890alpha,omega-dicarboxylic acid;
C4-dicarboxylic acid		anti-ulcer drug;
fundamental metabolite;
micronutrient;
nutraceutical;
radiation protective agent
sulfur dioxide
Sulfur Dioxide: A highly toxic, colorless, nonflammable gas. It is used as a pharmaceutical aid and antioxidant. It is also an environmental air pollutant.		2.1510sulfur oxideEscherichia coli metabolite;
food bleaching agent;
refrigerant
taurine
[no description available]		5.99210amino sulfonic acid;
zwitterion		antioxidant;
Escherichia coli metabolite;
glycine receptor agonist;
human metabolite;
mouse metabolite;
nutrient;
radical scavenger;
Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite
thiamine
thiamine(1+) : A primary alcohol that is 1,3-thiazol-3-ium substituted by (4-amino-2-methylpyrimidin-5-yl)methyl, methyl and 2-hydroxyethyl groups at positions 3, 4 and 5, respectively.		24.9154242primary alcohol;
vitamin B1		Escherichia coli metabolite;
human metabolite;
mouse metabolite;
Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite
thymine
[no description available]		10.67270pyrimidine nucleobase;
pyrimidone		Escherichia coli metabolite;
human metabolite;
mouse metabolite
toluene
methylbenzene : Any alkylbenzene that is benzene substituted with one or more methyl groups.		2.3720methylbenzene;
toluenes;
volatile organic compound		cholinergic antagonist;
fuel additive;
neurotoxin;
non-polar solvent
trimethyloxamine
trimethyloxamine: used in manufacture of quaternary ammonium cpds; insect attractant; warming agent for gas; oxidant; structure. trimethylamine N-oxide : A tertiary amine oxide resulting from the oxidation of the amino group of trimethylamine.		3.5311tertiary amine oxideEscherichia coli metabolite;
metabolite;
osmolyte
trimethylamine
[no description available]		4.2741methylamines;
tertiary amine		Escherichia coli metabolite;
human xenobiotic metabolite
uracil
2,4-dihydroxypyrimidine: a urinary biomarker for bipolar disorder		10.69201pyrimidine nucleobase;
pyrimidone		allergen;
Daphnia magna metabolite;
Escherichia coli metabolite;
human metabolite;
mouse metabolite;
prodrug;
Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite
uric acid
Uric Acid: An oxidation product, via XANTHINE OXIDASE, of oxypurines such as XANTHINE and HYPOXANTHINE. It is the final oxidation product of purine catabolism in humans and primates, whereas in most other mammals URATE OXIDASE further oxidizes it to ALLANTOIN.. uric acid : An oxopurine that is the final oxidation product of purine metabolism.. 6-hydroxy-1H-purine-2,8(7H,9H)-dione : A tautomer of uric acid having oxo groups at C-2 and C-8 and a hydroxy group at C-6.. 7,9-dihydro-1H-purine-2,6,8(3H)-trione : An oxopurine in which the purine ring is substituted by oxo groups at positions 2, 6, and 8.		9.77543uric acidEscherichia coli metabolite;
human metabolite;
mouse metabolite
urea
pseudourea: clinical use; structure. isourea : A carboximidic acid that is the imidic acid tautomer of urea, H2NC(=NH)OH, and its hydrocarbyl derivatives.		11.01874isourea;
monocarboxylic acid amide;
one-carbon compound		Daphnia magna metabolite;
Escherichia coli metabolite;
fertilizer;
flour treatment agent;
human metabolite;
mouse metabolite;
Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite
uroporphyrinogen iii
Uroporphyrinogens: Porphyrinogens which are intermediates in heme biosynthesis. They have four acetic acid and four propionic acid side chains attached to the pyrrole rings. Uroporphyrinogen I and III are formed from polypyrryl methane in the presence of uroporphyrinogen III cosynthetase and uroporphyrin I synthetase, respectively. They can yield uroporphyrins by autooxidation or coproporphyrinogens by decarboxylation.		6.36170uroporphyrinogenEscherichia coli metabolite;
mouse metabolite
vanillin
Vanilla: A plant genus of the family ORCHIDACEAE that is the source of the familiar flavoring used in foods and medicines (FLAVORING AGENTS).		2.6730benzaldehydes;
monomethoxybenzene;
phenols		anti-inflammatory agent;
anticonvulsant;
antioxidant;
flavouring agent;
plant metabolite
xanthine
7H-xanthine : An oxopurine in which the purine ring is substituted by oxo groups at positions 2 and 6 and N-7 is protonated.. 9H-xanthine : An oxopurine in which the purine ring is substituted by oxo groups at positions 2 and 6 and N-9 is protonated.		2.3110xanthineSaccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite
2-amino-5-phosphonovalerate
2-Amino-5-phosphonovalerate: The D-enantiomer is a potent and specific antagonist of NMDA glutamate receptors (RECEPTORS, N-METHYL-D-ASPARTATE). The L form is inactive at NMDA receptors but may affect the AP4 (2-amino-4-phosphonobutyrate; APB) excitatory amino acid receptors.		2.3920non-proteinogenic alpha-amino acidNMDA receptor antagonist
menthol
Menthol: A monoterpene cyclohexanol produced from mint oils.		3.4211p-menthane monoterpenoid;
secondary alcohol		volatile oil component
1,10-phenanthroline
1,10-phenanthroline: RN given refers to parent cpd; inhibits Zn-dependent metalloproteinases		2.0210phenanthrolineEC 2.7.1.1 (hexokinase) inhibitor;
EC 3.4.19.3 (pyroglutamyl-peptidase I) inhibitor
1-anilino-8-naphthalenesulfonate
1-anilino-8-naphthalenesulfonate: RN given refers to parent cpd. 8-anilinonaphthalene-1-sulfonic acid : A naphthalenesulfonic acid that is naphthalene-1-sulfonic acid substituted by a phenylamino group at position 8.		3.83120aminonaphthalene;
naphthalenesulfonic acid		fluorescent probe
1-methylimidazole
1-methyl-1H-imidazole : A 1H-imidazole having a methyl substituent at the N-1 position.		210imidazoles
2,4-dinitrophenol
2,4-Dinitrophenol: A toxic dye, chemically related to trinitrophenol (picric acid), used in biochemical studies of oxidative processes where it uncouples oxidative phosphorylation. It is also used as a metabolic stimulant. (Stedman, 26th ed). dinitrophenol : Members of the class of nitrophenol carrying two nitro substituents.. 2,4-dinitrophenol : A dinitrophenol having the nitro groups at the 2- and 4-positions.		2.6530dinitrophenolallergen;
antiseptic drug;
bacterial xenobiotic metabolite;
geroprotector;
oxidative phosphorylation inhibitor
mercaptoethanol
Mercaptoethanol: A water-soluble thiol derived from hydrogen sulfide and ethanol. It is used as a reducing agent for disulfide bonds and to protect sulfhydryl groups from oxidation.		4.47240alkanethiol;
primary alcohol		geroprotector
aminopropionitrile
Aminopropionitrile: Reagent used as an intermediate in the manufacture of beta-alanine and pantothenic acid.		1.9410aminopropionitrileantineoplastic agent;
antirheumatic drug;
collagen cross-linking inhibitor;
plant metabolite
meglutol
Meglutol: An antilipemic agent which lowers cholesterol, triglycerides, serum beta-lipoproteins and phospholipids. It acts by interfering with the enzymatic steps involved in the conversion of acetate to hydroxymethylglutaryl coenzyme A as well as inhibiting the activity of HYDROXYMETHYLGLUTARYL COA REDUCTASES which is the rate limiting enzyme in the biosynthesis of cholesterol.. 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaric acid : A dicarboxylic acid that is glutaric acid in which one of the two hydrogens at position 3 is substituted by a hydroxy group, while the other is substituted by a methyl group. It has been found to accumulate in urine of patients suffering from HMG-CoA lyase (3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-CoA lyase, EC 4.1.3.4) deficiency. It occurs as a plant metabolite in Crotalaria dura.		1.97103-hydroxy carboxylic acid;
dicarboxylic acid;
tertiary alcohol		anticholesteremic drug;
antimetabolite;
EC 1.1.1.34/EC 1.1.1.88 (hydroxymethylglutaryl-CoA reductase) inhibitor;
human metabolite;
plant metabolite
3-methoxytyramine
3-methoxytyramine: RN given refers to parent cpd. 3-methoxytyramine : A monomethoxybenzene that is dopamine in which the hydroxy group at position 3 is replaced by a methoxy group. It is a metabolite of the neurotransmitter dopamine and considered a potential biomarker of pheochromocytomas and paragangliomas.		2.4110monomethoxybenzene;
phenols;
phenylethylamine;
primary amino compound		biomarker;
human blood serum metabolite;
human urinary metabolite
3-methylcholanthrene
Methylcholanthrene: A carcinogen that is often used in experimental cancer studies.. 3-methylcholanthrene : A pentacyclic ortho- and peri-fused polycyclic arene consisting of a dihydrocyclopenta[ij]tetraphene ring system with a methyl substituent at the 3-position.		2.3620ortho- and peri-fused polycyclic arenearyl hydrocarbon receptor agonist;
carcinogenic agent
4-aminopyridine
[no description available]		2.0510aminopyridine;
aromatic amine		avicide;
orphan drug;
potassium channel blocker
homovanillic acid
Homovanillic Acid: A 3-O-methyl ETHER of (3,4-dihydroxyphenyl)acetic acid.. homovanillate : A hydroxy monocarboxylic acid anion which is obtained by deprotonation of the carboxy group of homovanillic acid.. homovanillic acid : A monocarboxylic acid that is the 3-O-methyl ether of (3,4-dihydroxyphenyl)acetic acid. It is a catecholamine metabolite.		4.0431guaiacols;
monocarboxylic acid		human metabolite;
mouse metabolite
phenytoin
[no description available]		9.64472imidazolidine-2,4-dioneanticonvulsant;
drug allergen;
sodium channel blocker;
teratogenic agent
hydroxyindoleacetic acid
(5-hydroxyindol-3-yl)acetic acid : A member of the class of indole-3-acetic acids that is indole-3-acetic acid substituted by a hydroxy group at C-5.		4.4451indole-3-acetic acidsdrug metabolite;
human metabolite;
mouse metabolite
7-nitroindazole
7-nitroindazole: an inhibitor of nitric oxide synthase; exhibits anti-nociceptive activity without increasing blood pressure		2.0710
acetaminophen
Acetaminophen: Analgesic antipyretic derivative of acetanilide. It has weak anti-inflammatory properties and is used as a common analgesic, but may cause liver, blood cell, and kidney damage.. paracetamol : A member of the class of phenols that is 4-aminophenol in which one of the hydrogens attached to the amino group has been replaced by an acetyl group.		7.4282acetamides;
phenols		antipyretic;
cyclooxygenase 1 inhibitor;
cyclooxygenase 2 inhibitor;
cyclooxygenase 3 inhibitor;
environmental contaminant;
ferroptosis inducer;
geroprotector;
hepatotoxic agent;
human blood serum metabolite;
non-narcotic analgesic;
non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug;
xenobiotic
acetazolamide
Acetazolamide: One of the CARBONIC ANHYDRASE INHIBITORS that is sometimes effective against absence seizures. It is sometimes useful also as an adjunct in the treatment of tonic-clonic, myoclonic, and atonic seizures, particularly in women whose seizures occur or are exacerbated at specific times in the menstrual cycle. However, its usefulness is transient often because of rapid development of tolerance. Its antiepileptic effect may be due to its inhibitory effect on brain carbonic anhydrase, which leads to an increased transneuronal chloride gradient, increased chloride current, and increased inhibition. (From Smith and Reynard, Textbook of Pharmacology, 1991, p337)		2.3520monocarboxylic acid amide;
sulfonamide;
thiadiazoles		anticonvulsant;
diuretic;
EC 4.2.1.1 (carbonic anhydrase) inhibitor
albendazole
[no description available]		2.3110aryl sulfide;
benzimidazoles;
benzimidazolylcarbamate fungicide;
carbamate ester		anthelminthic drug;
microtubule-destabilising agent;
tubulin modulator
diatrizoic acid
Diatrizoate: A commonly used x-ray contrast medium. As DIATRIZOATE MEGLUMINE and as Diatrizoate sodium, it is used for gastrointestinal studies, angiography, and urography.. amidotrizoic acid : A member of the class of benzoic acids that is benzoic acid having iodo substituents at the 2-, 4- and 6-positions and acetamido substituents at the 3- and 5-positions. It is used, mainly as its N-methylglucamine and sodium salts, as an X-ray contrast medium in gastrointestinal studies, angiography, and urography.		6.05100acetamides;
benzoic acids;
organoiodine compound		environmental contaminant;
radioopaque medium;
xenobiotic
p-aminohippuric acid
p-Aminohippuric Acid: The glycine amide of 4-aminobenzoic acid. Its sodium salt is used as a diagnostic aid to measure effective renal plasma flow (ERPF) and excretory capacity.. p-aminohippurate : A hippurate that is the conjugate base of p-aminohippuric acid, arising from deprotonation of the carboxy group.. p-aminohippuric acid : An N-acylglycine that is the 4-amino derivative of hippuric acid; used as a diagnostic agent in the measurement of renal plasma flow.		1.9410N-acylglycineDaphnia magna metabolite
theophylline
[no description available]		5.79170dimethylxanthineadenosine receptor antagonist;
anti-asthmatic drug;
anti-inflammatory agent;
bronchodilator agent;
drug metabolite;
EC 3.1.4.* (phosphoric diester hydrolase) inhibitor;
fungal metabolite;
human blood serum metabolite;
immunomodulator;
muscle relaxant;
vasodilator agent
amiodarone
Amiodarone: An antianginal and class III antiarrhythmic drug. It increases the duration of ventricular and atrial muscle action by inhibiting POTASSIUM CHANNELS and VOLTAGE-GATED SODIUM CHANNELS. There is a resulting decrease in heart rate and in vascular resistance.. amiodarone : A member of the class of 1-benzofurans that is 1-benzofuran substituted by a butyl group at position 2 and a 4-[2-(diethylamino)ethoxy]-3,5-diiodobenzoyl group at position 3. It is a cardiovascular drug used for the treatment of cardiac dysrhythmias.		3.13101-benzofurans;
aromatic ketone;
organoiodine compound;
tertiary amino compound		cardiovascular drug
amitriptyline
Amitriptyline: Tricyclic antidepressant with anticholinergic and sedative properties. It appears to prevent the re-uptake of norepinephrine and serotonin at nerve terminals, thus potentiating the action of these neurotransmitters. Amitriptyline also appears to antagonize cholinergic and alpha-1 adrenergic responses to bioactive amines.. amitriptyline : An organic tricyclic compound that is 10,11-dihydro-5H-dibenzo[a,d][7]annulene substituted by a 3-(dimethylamino)propylidene group at position 5.		3.7621carbotricyclic compound;
tertiary amine		adrenergic uptake inhibitor;
antidepressant;
environmental contaminant;
tropomyosin-related kinase B receptor agonist;
xenobiotic
amlexanox
amlexanox: SRA-A antagonist;structure given in first source. amlexanox : A pyridochromene-derived monocarboxylic acid having an amino substituent at the 2-position, an oxo substituent at the 5-position and an isopropyl substituent at the 7-position.		3.1610monocarboxylic acid;
pyridochromene		anti-allergic agent;
anti-ulcer drug;
non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug
amlodipine
Amlodipine: A long-acting dihydropyridine calcium channel blocker. It is effective in the treatment of ANGINA PECTORIS and HYPERTENSION.. amlodipine : A fully substituted dialkyl 1,4-dihydropyridine-3,5-dicarboxylate derivative, which is used for the treatment of hypertension, chronic stable angina and confirmed or suspected vasospastic angina.		3.4111dihydropyridine;
ethyl ester;
methyl ester;
monochlorobenzenes;
primary amino compound		antihypertensive agent;
calcium channel blocker;
vasodilator agent
amobarbital
Amobarbital: A barbiturate with hypnotic and sedative properties (but not antianxiety). Adverse effects are mainly a consequence of dose-related CNS depression and the risk of dependence with continued use is high. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p565). amobarbital : A member of the class of barbiturates that is pyrimidine-2,4,6(1H,3H,5H)-trione substituted by a 3-methylbutyl and an ethyl group at position 5. Amobarbital has been shown to exhibit sedative and hypnotic properties.		1.9310barbiturates
anastrozole
[no description available]		2.520nitrile;
triazoles		antineoplastic agent;
EC 1.14.14.14 (aromatase) inhibitor
antipyrine
Antipyrine: An analgesic and antipyretic that has been given by mouth and as ear drops. Antipyrine is often used in testing the effects of other drugs or diseases on drug-metabolizing enzymes in the liver. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p29). antipyrine : A pyrazolone derivative that is 1,2-dihydropyrazol-3-one substituted with methyl groups at N-1 and C-5 and with a phenyl group at N-2.		3.3670pyrazoloneantipyretic;
cyclooxygenase 3 inhibitor;
environmental contaminant;
non-narcotic analgesic;
non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug;
xenobiotic
aspirin
Aspirin: The prototypical analgesic used in the treatment of mild to moderate pain. It has anti-inflammatory and antipyretic properties and acts as an inhibitor of cyclooxygenase which results in the inhibition of the biosynthesis of prostaglandins. Aspirin also inhibits platelet aggregation and is used in the prevention of arterial and venous thrombosis. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p5). acetylsalicylate : A benzoate that is the conjugate base of acetylsalicylic acid, arising from deprotonation of the carboxy group.. acetylsalicylic acid : A member of the class of benzoic acids that is salicylic acid in which the hydrogen that is attached to the phenolic hydroxy group has been replaced by an acetoxy group. A non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug with cyclooxygenase inhibitor activity.		8.61293benzoic acids;
phenyl acetates;
salicylates		anticoagulant;
antipyretic;
cyclooxygenase 1 inhibitor;
cyclooxygenase 2 inhibitor;
drug allergen;
EC 1.1.1.188 (prostaglandin-F synthase) inhibitor;
geroprotector;
non-narcotic analgesic;
non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug;
plant activator;
platelet aggregation inhibitor;
prostaglandin antagonist;
teratogenic agent
azathioprine
Azathioprine: An immunosuppressive agent used in combination with cyclophosphamide and hydroxychloroquine in the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis. According to the Fourth Annual Report on Carcinogens (NTP 85-002, 1985), this substance has been listed as a known carcinogen. (Merck Index, 11th ed). azathioprine : A thiopurine that is 6-mercaptopurine in which the mercapto hydrogen is replaced by a 1-methyl-4-nitroimidazol-5-yl group. It is a prodrug for mercaptopurine and is used as an immunosuppressant, prescribed for the treatment of inflammatory conditions and after organ transplantation and also for treatment of Crohn's didease and MS.		4.75100aryl sulfide;
C-nitro compound;
imidazoles;
thiopurine		antimetabolite;
antineoplastic agent;
carcinogenic agent;
DNA synthesis inhibitor;
hepatotoxic agent;
immunosuppressive agent;
prodrug
benphothiamine
benfotiamine : A thioester that is a synthetic analogue of thiamine obtained by acylative cleavage of the thiazole ring and O-phospohorylation.		7.72115aminopyrimidine;
formamides;
organic phosphate;
thioester		antioxidant;
immunological adjuvant;
nutraceutical;
protective agent;
provitamin B1
benzothiazide
benzothiazide: structure. benzthiazide : 7-Sulfamoyl-1,2,4-benzothiadiazine 1,1-dioxide in which the hydrogen at position 6 is substituted by chlorine and that at position 3 is substituted by a benzylsulfanylmethyl group. A diuretic, it is used to treat hypertension and edema.		3.2560benzothiadiazine;
sulfonamide		antihypertensive agent;
diuretic
biperiden
Biperiden: A muscarinic antagonist that has effects in both the central and peripheral nervous systems. It has been used in the treatment of arteriosclerotic, idiopathic, and postencephalitic parkinsonism. It has also been used to alleviate extrapyramidal symptoms induced by phenothiazine derivatives and reserpine.. biperiden : A member of the class of piperidines that is N-propylpiperidine in which the methyl hydrogens have been replaced by hydroxy, phenyl, and 5-norbornen-2-yl groups. A muscarinic antagonist affecting both the central and peripheral nervous systems, it is used in the treatment of all forms of Parkinson's disease.		1.9510piperidines;
tertiary alcohol;
tertiary amino compound		antidote to sarin poisoning;
antidyskinesia agent;
antiparkinson drug;
muscarinic antagonist;
parasympatholytic
bisbenzimidazole
Bisbenzimidazole: A benzimidazole antifilarial agent; it is fluorescent when it binds to certain nucleotides in DNA, thus providing a tool for the study of DNA replication; it also interferes with mitosis.		1.9710bibenzimidazole;
N-methylpiperazine		anthelminthic drug;
fluorochrome
buformin
Buformin: An oral hypoglycemic agent that inhibits gluconeogenesis, increases glycolysis, and decreases glucose oxidation.. buformin : A member of the class of biguanides that is biguanide substituted by a butyl group at position 1. It is an antidiabetic drug with potential antitumor effect.		2.8740biguanidesantineoplastic agent;
antiviral agent;
geroprotector;
hypoglycemic agent;
radiosensitizing agent
bupivacaine
Bupivacaine: A widely used local anesthetic agent.. 1-butyl-N-(2,6-dimethylphenyl)piperidine-2-carboxamide : A piperidinecarboxamide obtained by formal condensation of the carboxy group of N-butylpipecolic acid with the amino group of 2,6-dimethylaniline.. bupivacaine : A racemate composed of equimolar amounts of dextrobupivacaine and levobupivacaine. Used (in the form of its hydrochloride hydrate) as a local anaesthetic.		3.4311aromatic amide;
piperidinecarboxamide;
tertiary amino compound
busulfan
[no description available]		4.91120methanesulfonate esteralkylating agent;
antineoplastic agent;
carcinogenic agent;
insect sterilant;
teratogenic agent
cacodylic acid
dimethylarsinic acid : The organoarsenic compound that is arsenic acid substituted on the central arsenic atom with two methyl groups.		3.5380organoarsenic compoundxenobiotic metabolite
caffeine
[no description available]		8.42132purine alkaloid;
trimethylxanthine		adenosine A2A receptor antagonist;
adenosine receptor antagonist;
adjuvant;
central nervous system stimulant;
diuretic;
EC 2.7.11.1 (non-specific serine/threonine protein kinase) inhibitor;
EC 3.1.4.* (phosphoric diester hydrolase) inhibitor;
environmental contaminant;
food additive;
fungal metabolite;
geroprotector;
human blood serum metabolite;
mouse metabolite;
mutagen;
plant metabolite;
psychotropic drug;
ryanodine receptor agonist;
xenobiotic
calmidazolium
calmidazolium: powerful inhibitor of or red blood cell Ca++-ATPase & Ca++ transport into inside-out red blood cell vesicles; RN refers to chloride; structure in first source; an antagonist of calmodulin. calmidazolium : An imidazolium ion that is imidazolium cation substituted by a bis(4-chlorophenyl)methyl group at position 1 and a 2-[(2,4-dichlorobenzyl)oxy]-2-(2,4-dichlorophenyl)ethyl group at position 3. It acts as an antagonist of calmodulin, a calcium binding messenger protein.		2.0310imidazolium ionapoptosis inducer;
calmodulin antagonist
candesartan
candesartan: a nonpeptide angiotensin II receptor antagonist. candesartan : A benzimidazolecarboxylic acid that is 1H-benzimidazole-7-carboxylic acid substituted by an ethoxy group at position 2 and a ({2'-(1H-tetrazol-5-yl)[1,1'-biphenyl]-4-yl}methyl) group at position 1. It is a angiotensin receptor antagonist used for the treatment of hypertension.		3.4111benzimidazolecarboxylic acid;
biphenylyltetrazole		angiotensin receptor antagonist;
antihypertensive agent;
environmental contaminant;
xenobiotic
carbamazepine
Carbamazepine: A dibenzazepine that acts as a sodium channel blocker. It is used as an anticonvulsant for the treatment of grand mal and psychomotor or focal SEIZURES. It may also be used in the management of BIPOLAR DISORDER, and has analgesic properties.. carbamazepine : A dibenzoazepine that is 5H-dibenzo[b,f]azepine carrying a carbamoyl substituent at the azepine nitrogen, used as an anticonvulsant.		7.99253dibenzoazepine;
ureas		analgesic;
anticonvulsant;
antimanic drug;
drug allergen;
EC 3.5.1.98 (histone deacetylase) inhibitor;
environmental contaminant;
glutamate transporter activator;
mitogen;
non-narcotic analgesic;
sodium channel blocker;
xenobiotic
carisoprodol
Carisoprodol: A centrally acting skeletal muscle relaxant whose mechanism of action is not completely understood but may be related to its sedative actions. It is used as an adjunct in the symptomatic treatment of musculoskeletal conditions associated with painful muscle spasm. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p1202). carisoprodol : A carbamate ester that is the mono-N-isopropyl derivative of meprobamate (which is a significant metabolite). Carisoprodol interrupts neuronal communication within the reticular formation and spinal cord, resulting in sedation and alteration in pain perception. It is used as a muscle relaxant in the symptomatic treatment of musculoskeletal conditions associated with painful muscle spasm.		1.9410carbamate estermuscle relaxant
celecoxib
[no description available]		2.110organofluorine compound;
pyrazoles;
sulfonamide;
toluenes		cyclooxygenase 2 inhibitor;
geroprotector;
non-narcotic analgesic;
non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug
chloral hydrate
[no description available]		2.6530aldehyde hydrate;
ethanediol;
organochlorine compound		general anaesthetic;
mouse metabolite;
sedative;
xenobiotic
chlorambucil
Chlorambucil: A nitrogen mustard alkylating agent used as antineoplastic for chronic lymphocytic leukemia, Hodgkin's disease, and others. Although it is less toxic than most other nitrogen mustards, it has been listed as a known carcinogen in the Fourth Annual Report on Carcinogens (NTP 85-002, 1985). (Merck Index, 11th ed). chlorambucil : A monocarboxylic acid that is butanoic acid substituted at position 4 by a 4-[bis(2-chloroethyl)amino]phenyl group. A chemotherapy drug that can be used in combination with the antibody obinutuzumab for the treatment of chronic lymphocytic leukemia.		3.2160aromatic amine;
monocarboxylic acid;
nitrogen mustard;
organochlorine compound;
tertiary amino compound		alkylating agent;
antineoplastic agent;
carcinogenic agent;
drug allergen;
immunosuppressive agent
chlordiazepoxide
Chlordiazepoxide: An anxiolytic benzodiazepine derivative with anticonvulsant, sedative, and amnesic properties. It has also been used in the symptomatic treatment of alcohol withdrawal.. chlordiazepoxide : A benzodiazepine that is 3H-1,4-benzodiazepine 4-oxide substituted by a chloro group at position 7, a phenyl group at position 5 and a methylamino group at position 2.		2.3420benzodiazepine
chloroquine
Chloroquine: The prototypical antimalarial agent with a mechanism that is not well understood. It has also been used to treat rheumatoid arthritis, systemic lupus erythematosus, and in the systemic therapy of amebic liver abscesses.. chloroquine : An aminoquinoline that is quinoline which is substituted at position 4 by a [5-(diethylamino)pentan-2-yl]amino group at at position 7 by chlorine. It is used for the treatment of malaria, hepatic amoebiasis, lupus erythematosus, light-sensitive skin eruptions, and rheumatoid arthritis.		5.15150aminoquinoline;
organochlorine compound;
secondary amino compound;
tertiary amino compound		anticoronaviral agent;
antimalarial;
antirheumatic drug;
autophagy inhibitor;
dermatologic drug
chlorothiazide
Chlorothiazide: A thiazide diuretic with actions and uses similar to those of HYDROCHLOROTHIAZIDE. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p812). thiazide : Heterocyclic compound with sulfur and nitrogen in the ring.. chlorothiazide : 4H-1,2,4-benzothiadiazine 1,1-dioxide in which the hydrogen at position is substituted by chlorine and that at position 7 is substituted by a sulfonamide group. A diuretic, it is used for treatment of oedema and hypertension.		2.6330benzothiadiazineantihypertensive agent;
diuretic
chlorpromazine
Chlorpromazine: The prototypical phenothiazine antipsychotic drug. Like the other drugs in this class chlorpromazine's antipsychotic actions are thought to be due to long-term adaptation by the brain to blocking DOPAMINE RECEPTORS. Chlorpromazine has several other actions and therapeutic uses, including as an antiemetic and in the treatment of intractable hiccup.. chlorpromazine : A substituted phenothiazine in which the ring nitrogen at position 10 is attached to C-3 of an N,N-dimethylpropanamine moiety.		11.83211organochlorine compound;
phenothiazines;
tertiary amine		anticoronaviral agent;
antiemetic;
dopaminergic antagonist;
EC 3.4.21.26 (prolyl oligopeptidase) inhibitor;
phenothiazine antipsychotic drug
chlorpropamide
Chlorpropamide: A sulfonylurea hypoglycemic agent used in the treatment of non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus not responding to dietary modification. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p277). chlorpropamide : An N-sulfonylurea that is urea in which a hydrogen attached to one of the nitrogens is substituted by 4-chlorobenzenesulfonyl group and a hydrogen attached to the other nitrogen is substituted by propyl group. Chlorpropamide is a hypoglycaemic agent used in the treatment of type 2 (non-insulin-dependent) diabetes mellitus not responding to dietary modification.		2.6430monochlorobenzenes;
N-sulfonylurea		hypoglycemic agent;
insulin secretagogue
cimetidine
Cimetidine: A histamine congener, it competitively inhibits HISTAMINE binding to HISTAMINE H2 RECEPTORS. Cimetidine has a range of pharmacological actions. It inhibits GASTRIC ACID secretion, as well as PEPSIN and GASTRIN output.. cimetidine : A member of the class of guanidines that consists of guanidine carrying a methyl substituent at position 1, a cyano group at position 2 and a 2-{[(5-methyl-1H-imidazol-4-yl)methyl]sulfanyl}ethyl group at position 3. It is a H2-receptor antagonist that inhibits the production of acid in stomach.		5.29100aliphatic sulfide;
guanidines;
imidazoles;
nitrile		adjuvant;
analgesic;
anti-ulcer drug;
H2-receptor antagonist;
P450 inhibitor
ciprofloxacin
Ciprofloxacin: A broad-spectrum antimicrobial carboxyfluoroquinoline.. ciprofloxacin : A quinolone that is quinolin-4(1H)-one bearing cyclopropyl, carboxylic acid, fluoro and piperazin-1-yl substituents at positions 1, 3, 6 and 7, respectively.		2.8930aminoquinoline;
cyclopropanes;
fluoroquinolone antibiotic;
N-arylpiperazine;
quinolinemonocarboxylic acid;
quinolone antibiotic;
quinolone;
zwitterion		antibacterial drug;
antiinfective agent;
antimicrobial agent;
DNA synthesis inhibitor;
EC 5.99.1.3 [DNA topoisomerase (ATP-hydrolysing)] inhibitor;
environmental contaminant;
topoisomerase IV inhibitor;
xenobiotic
cisapride
Cisapride: A substituted benzamide used for its prokinetic properties. It is used in the management of gastroesophageal reflux disease, functional dyspepsia, and other disorders associated with impaired gastrointestinal motility. (Martindale The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 31st ed). cisapride : The amide resulting from formal condensation of 4-amino-5-chloro-2-methoxybenzoic acid with cis-1-[3-(4-fluorophenoxy)propyl]-3-methoxypiperidin-4-amine. It has been used (as its monohydrate or as its tartrate) for the treatment of gastro-oesophageal reflux disease and for non-ulcer dyspepsia, but its propensity to cause cardiac arrhythmias resulted in its complete withdrawal from many countries, including the U.K., and restrictions on its use elsewhere.		1.9710benzamides
citalopram
Citalopram: A furancarbonitrile that is one of the serotonin uptake inhibitors used as an antidepressant. The drug is also effective in reducing ethanol uptake in alcoholics and is used in depressed patients who also suffer from TARDIVE DYSKINESIA in preference to tricyclic antidepressants, which aggravate dyskinesia.. citalopram : A racemate comprising equimolar amounts of (R)-citalopram and its enantiomer, escitalopram. It is used as an antidepressant, although only escitalopram is active.. 1-[3-(dimethylamino)propyl]-1-(4-fluorophenyl)-1,3-dihydro-2-benzofuran-5-carbonitrile : A nitrile that is 1,3-dihydro-2-benzofuran-5-carbonitrile in which one of the hydrogens at position 1 is replaced by a p-fluorophenyl group, while the other is replaced by a 3-(dimethylamino)propyl group.		4.42222-benzofurans;
cyclic ether;
nitrile;
organofluorine compound;
tertiary amino compound
clioquinol
Clioquinol: A potentially neurotoxic 8-hydroxyquinoline derivative long used as a topical anti-infective, intestinal antiamebic, and vaginal trichomonacide. The oral preparation has been shown to cause subacute myelo-optic neuropathy and has been banned worldwide.. 5-chloro-7-iodoquinolin-8-ol : A monohydroxyquinoline that is quinolin-8-ol in which the hydrogens at positions 5 and 7 are replaced by chlorine and iodine, respectively. It has antibacterial and atifungal properties, and is used in creams for the treatment of skin infections. It has also been investigated as a chelator of copper and zinc ions for the possible treatment of Alzheimer's disease.		3.2460monohydroxyquinoline;
organochlorine compound;
organoiodine compound		antibacterial agent;
antifungal agent;
antimicrobial agent;
antineoplastic agent;
antiprotozoal drug;
chelator;
copper chelator
clofibrate
angiokapsul: contains clofibrate & insoitolnicotinate		5.1331aromatic ether;
ethyl ester;
monochlorobenzenes		anticholesteremic drug;
antilipemic drug;
geroprotector;
PPARalpha agonist
clonazepam
Clonazepam: An anticonvulsant used for several types of seizures, including myotonic or atonic seizures, photosensitive epilepsy, and absence seizures, although tolerance may develop. It is seldom effective in generalized tonic-clonic or partial seizures. The mechanism of action appears to involve the enhancement of GAMMA-AMINOBUTYRIC ACID receptor responses.. clonazepam : 1,3-Dihydro-2H-1,4-benzodiazepin-2-one in which the hydrogens at positions 5 and 7 are substituted by 2-chlorophenyl and nitro groups, respectively. It is used in the treatment of all types of epilepsy and seizures, as well as myoclonus and associated abnormal movements, and panic disorders. However, its use can be limited by the development of tolerance and by sedation.		2.73301,4-benzodiazepinone;
monochlorobenzenes		anticonvulsant;
anxiolytic drug;
GABA modulator
clonidine
Clonidine: An imidazoline sympatholytic agent that stimulates ALPHA-2 ADRENERGIC RECEPTORS and central IMIDAZOLINE RECEPTORS. It is commonly used in the management of HYPERTENSION.. clonidine (amino form) : A clonidine that is 4,5-dihydro-1H-imidazol-2-amine in which one of the amino hydrogens is replaced by a 2,6-dichlorophenyl group.		2.7130clonidine;
imidazoline
cycloleucine
Cycloleucine: An amino acid formed by cyclization of leucine. It has cytostatic, immunosuppressive and antineoplastic activities.. 1-aminocyclopentanecarboxylic acid : A non-proteinogenic alpha-amino acid that is cyclopentane substituted at position 1 by amino and carboxy groups.		2.6630non-proteinogenic alpha-amino acidEC 2.5.1.6 (methionine adenosyltransferase) inhibitor
cystamine
[no description available]		4.7421organic disulfide;
primary amino compound		EC 2.3.2.13 (protein-glutamine gamma-glutamyltransferase) inhibitor
dapsone
[no description available]		3.260substituted aniline;
sulfone		anti-inflammatory drug;
antiinfective agent;
antimalarial;
leprostatic drug
deferoxamine
Deferoxamine: Natural product isolated from Streptomyces pilosus. It forms iron complexes and is used as a chelating agent, particularly in the mesylate form.. desferrioxamine B : An acyclic desferrioxamine that is butanedioic acid in which one of the carboxy groups undergoes formal condensation with the primary amino group of N-(5-aminopentyl)-N-hydroxyacetamide and the second carboxy group undergoes formal condensation with the hydroxyamino group of N(1)-(5-aminopentyl)-N(1)-hydroxy-N(4)-[5-(hydroxyamino)pentyl]butanediamide. It is a siderophore native to Streptomyces pilosus biosynthesised by the DesABCD enzyme cluster as a high affinity Fe(III) chelator.		3.260acyclic desferrioxaminebacterial metabolite;
ferroptosis inhibitor;
iron chelator;
siderophore
desipramine
Desipramine: A tricyclic dibenzazepine compound that potentiates neurotransmission. Desipramine selectively blocks reuptake of norepinephrine from the neural synapse, and also appears to impair serotonin transport. This compound also possesses minor anticholinergic activity, through its affinity to muscarinic receptors.. desipramine : A dibenzoazepine consisting of 10,11-dihydro-5H-dibenzo[b,f]azepine substituted on nitrogen with a 3-(methylamino)propyl group.		3.7921dibenzoazepine;
secondary amino compound		adrenergic uptake inhibitor;
alpha-adrenergic antagonist;
antidepressant;
cholinergic antagonist;
drug allergen;
EC 3.1.4.12 (sphingomyelin phosphodiesterase) inhibitor;
EC 3.4.21.26 (prolyl oligopeptidase) inhibitor;
H1-receptor antagonist;
serotonin uptake inhibitor
amphetamine
Amphetamine: A powerful central nervous system stimulant and sympathomimetic. Amphetamine has multiple mechanisms of action including blocking uptake of adrenergics and dopamine, stimulation of release of monamines, and inhibiting monoamine oxidase. Amphetamine is also a drug of abuse and a psychotomimetic. The l- and the d,l-forms are included here. The l-form has less central nervous system activity but stronger cardiovascular effects. The d-form is DEXTROAMPHETAMINE.. 1-phenylpropan-2-amine : A primary amine that is isopropylamine in which a hydrogen attached to one of the methyl groups has been replaced by a phenyl group.. amphetamine : A racemate comprising equimolar amounts of (R)-amphetamine (also known as levamphetamine or levoamphetamine) and (S)-amphetamine (also known as dexamfetamine or dextroamphetamine.		3.7330primary amine
diazepam
Diazepam: A benzodiazepine with anticonvulsant, anxiolytic, sedative, muscle relaxant, and amnesic properties and a long duration of action. Its actions are mediated by enhancement of GAMMA-AMINOBUTYRIC ACID activity.. diazepam : A 1,4-benzodiazepinone that is 1,3-dihydro-2H-1,4-benzodiazepin-2-one substituted by a chloro group at position 7, a methyl group at position 1 and a phenyl group at position 5.		3.07501,4-benzodiazepinone;
organochlorine compound		anticonvulsant;
anxiolytic drug;
environmental contaminant;
sedative;
xenobiotic
dibucaine
Dibucaine: A local anesthetic of the amide type now generally used for surface anesthesia. It is one of the most potent and toxic of the long-acting local anesthetics and its parenteral use is restricted to spinal anesthesia. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p1006). cinchocaine : A monocarboxylic acid amide that is the 2-(diethylamino)ethyl amide of 2-butoxyquinoline-4-carboxylic acid. One of the most potent and toxic of the long-acting local anesthetics, its parenteral use was restricted to spinal anesthesia. It is now generally only used (usually as the hydrochloride) in creams and ointments and in suppositories for temporary relief of pain and itching associated with skin and anorectal conditions.		4.2541aromatic ether;
monocarboxylic acid amide;
tertiary amino compound		topical anaesthetic
dibutyl phthalate
Dibutyl Phthalate: A plasticizer used in most plastics and found in water, air, soil, plants and animals. It may have some adverse effects with long-term exposure.. dibutyl phthalate : A phthalate ester that is the diester obtained by the formal condensation of the carboxy groups of phthalic acid with two molecules of butan-1-ol. Although used extensively as a plasticiser, it is a ubiquitous environmental contaminant that poses a risk to humans.		2.4320diester;
phthalate ester		EC 3.2.1.20 (alpha-glucosidase) inhibitor;
environmental contaminant;
metabolite;
plasticiser;
teratogenic agent
dicamba
Dicamba: A chlorinated organic herbicide.. dicamba : A methoxybenzoic acid that is O-methylsalicylic acid substituted by chloro groups at positions 3 and 6.		210dichlorobenzene;
methoxybenzoic acid		agrochemical;
environmental contaminant;
herbicide;
synthetic auxin;
xenobiotic
diclofenac
Diclofenac: A non-steroidal anti-inflammatory agent (NSAID) with antipyretic and analgesic actions. It is primarily available as the sodium salt.. diclofenac : A monocarboxylic acid consisting of phenylacetic acid having a (2,6-dichlorophenyl)amino group at the 2-position.		7.5793amino acid;
aromatic amine;
dichlorobenzene;
monocarboxylic acid;
secondary amino compound		antipyretic;
drug allergen;
EC 1.14.99.1 (prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase) inhibitor;
environmental contaminant;
non-narcotic analgesic;
non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug;
xenobiotic
ddt
1,1-bis(p-chlorophenyl)-2,2,2-trichloroethane: structure in first source		3.1450benzenoid aromatic compound;
chlorophenylethane;
monochlorobenzenes;
organochlorine insecticide		bridged diphenyl acaricide;
carcinogenic agent;
endocrine disruptor;
persistent organic pollutant
pentetic acid
Pentetic Acid: An iron chelating agent with properties like EDETIC ACID. DTPA has also been used as a chelator for other metals, such as plutonium.		6.06100pentacarboxylic acidcopper chelator
dimercaprol
Dimercaprol: An anti-gas warfare agent that is effective against Lewisite (dichloro(2-chlorovinyl)arsine) and formerly known as British Anti-Lewisite or BAL. It acts as a chelating agent and is used in the treatment of arsenic, gold, and other heavy metal poisoning.. dimercaprol : A dithiol that is propane-1,2-dithiol in which one of the methyl hydrogens is replaced by a hydroxy group. a chelating agent originally developed during World War II as an experimental antidote against the arsenic-based poison gas Lewisite, it has been used clinically since 1949 for the treatment of poisoning by arsenic, mercury and gold. It can also be used for treatment of poisoning by antimony, bismuth and possibly thallium, and (with sodium calcium edetate) in cases of acute leaad poisoning. Administration is by (painful) intramuscular injection of a suspension of dimercaprol in peanut oil, typically every 4 hours for 2-10 days depending on the toxicity. In the past, dimercaprol was also used for the treatment of Wilson's disease, a severely debilitating genetic disorder in which the body tends to retain copper, with resultant liver and brain injury.		4.5480dithiol;
primary alcohol		chelator
diphenhydramine
Diphenhydramine: A histamine H1 antagonist used as an antiemetic, antitussive, for dermatoses and pruritus, for hypersensitivity reactions, as a hypnotic, an antiparkinson, and as an ingredient in common cold preparations. It has some undesired antimuscarinic and sedative effects.. diphenhydramine : An ether that is the benzhydryl ether of 2-(dimethylamino)ethanol. It is a H1-receptor antagonist used as a antipruritic and antitussive drug.. antitussive : An agent that suppresses cough. Antitussives have a central or a peripheral action on the cough reflex, or a combination of both. Compare with expectorants, which are considered to increase the volume of secretions in the respiratory tract, so facilitating their removal by ciliary action and coughing, and mucolytics, which decrease the viscosity of mucus, facilitating its removal by ciliary action and expectoration.		3.3370ether;
tertiary amino compound		anti-allergic agent;
antidyskinesia agent;
antiemetic;
antiparkinson drug;
antipruritic drug;
antitussive;
H1-receptor antagonist;
local anaesthetic;
muscarinic antagonist;
oneirogen;
sedative
dipyridamole
Dipyridamole: A phosphodiesterase inhibitor that blocks uptake and metabolism of adenosine by erythrocytes and vascular endothelial cells. Dipyridamole also potentiates the antiaggregating action of prostacyclin. (From AMA Drug Evaluations Annual, 1994, p752). dipyridamole : A pyrimidopyrimidine that is 2,2',2'',2'''-(pyrimido[5,4-d]pyrimidine-2,6-diyldinitrilo)tetraethanol substituted by piperidin-1-yl groups at positions 4 and 8 respectively. A vasodilator agent, it inhibits the formation of blood clots.		1.9610piperidines;
pyrimidopyrimidine;
tertiary amino compound;
tetrol		adenosine phosphodiesterase inhibitor;
EC 3.5.4.4 (adenosine deaminase) inhibitor;
platelet aggregation inhibitor;
vasodilator agent
disulfiram
[no description available]		3.3611organic disulfide;
organosulfur acaricide		angiogenesis inhibitor;
antineoplastic agent;
apoptosis inducer;
EC 1.2.1.3 [aldehyde dehydrogenase (NAD(+))] inhibitor;
EC 3.1.1.1 (carboxylesterase) inhibitor;
EC 3.1.1.8 (cholinesterase) inhibitor;
EC 5.99.1.2 (DNA topoisomerase) inhibitor;
ferroptosis inducer;
fungicide;
NF-kappaB inhibitor
valproic acid
Valproic Acid: A fatty acid with anticonvulsant and anti-manic properties that is used in the treatment of EPILEPSY and BIPOLAR DISORDER. The mechanisms of its therapeutic actions are not well understood. It may act by increasing GAMMA-AMINOBUTYRIC ACID levels in the brain or by altering the properties of VOLTAGE-GATED SODIUM CHANNELS.. valproic acid : A branched-chain saturated fatty acid that comprises of a propyl substituent on a pentanoic acid stem.		5.9231branched-chain fatty acid;
branched-chain saturated fatty acid		anticonvulsant;
antimanic drug;
EC 3.5.1.98 (histone deacetylase) inhibitor;
GABA agent;
neuroprotective agent;
psychotropic drug;
teratogenic agent
domperidone
Domperidone: A specific blocker of dopamine receptors. It speeds gastrointestinal peristalsis, causes prolactin release, and is used as antiemetic and tool in the study of dopaminergic mechanisms.. domperidone : 1-[3-(Piperidin-1-yl)propyl]-1,3-dihydro-2H-benzimidazol-2-one in which the 4-position of the piperidine ring is substituted by a 5-chloro-1,3-dihydro-2H-benzimidazol-2-on-1-yl group. A dopamine antagonist, it is used as an antiemetic for the short-term treatment of nausea and vomiting, and to control gastrointestinal effects of dopaminergic drugs given in the management of parkinsonism. The free base is used in oral suspensions, while the maleate salt is used in tablet preparations.		1.9710benzimidazoles;
heteroarylpiperidine		antiemetic;
dopaminergic antagonist
donepezil
Donepezil: An indan and piperidine derivative that acts as a selective and reversible inhibitor of ACETYLCHOLINESTERASE. Donepezil is highly selective for the central nervous system and is used in the management of mild to moderate DEMENTIA in ALZHEIMER DISEASE.. donepezil : A racemate comprising equimolar amounts of (R)- and (S)-donepezil. A centrally acting reversible acetylcholinesterase inhibitor, its main therapeutic use is in the treatment of Alzheimer's disease where it is used to increase cortical acetylcholine.. 2-[(1-benzylpiperidin-4-yl)methyl]-5,6-dimethoxyindan-1-one : A member of the class of indanones that is 5,6-dimethoxyindan-1-one which is substituted at position 2 by an (N-benzylpiperidin-4-yl)methyl group.		3.8221aromatic ether;
indanones;
piperidines;
racemate		EC 3.1.1.7 (acetylcholinesterase) inhibitor;
EC 3.1.1.8 (cholinesterase) inhibitor;
nootropic agent
edrophonium
Edrophonium: A rapid-onset, short-acting cholinesterase inhibitor used in cardiac arrhythmias and in the diagnosis of myasthenia gravis. It has also been used as an antidote to curare principles.. edrophonium : A quaternary ammonium ion that is N-ethyl-N,N-dimethylanilinium in which one of the meta positions is substituted by a hydroxy group. It is a reversible inhibitor of cholinesterase, with a rapid onset (30-60 seconds after injection) but a short duration of action (5-15 minutes). The chloride salt is used in myasthenia gravis both diagnostically and to distinguish between under- or over-treatment with other anticholinesterases. It has also been used for the reversal of neuromuscular blockade in anaesthesia, and for the management of poisoning due to tetrodotoxin, a neuromuscular blocking toxin found in puffer fish and other marine animals.		1.9510phenols;
quaternary ammonium ion		antidote;
diagnostic agent;
EC 3.1.1.8 (cholinesterase) inhibitor
erythrosine
Fluoresceins: A family of spiro(isobenzofuran-1(3H),9'-(9H)xanthen)-3-one derivatives. These are used as dyes, as indicators for various metals, and as fluorescent labels in immunoassays.		4.6561
ether
Ether: A mobile, very volatile, highly flammable liquid used as an inhalation anesthetic and as a solvent for waxes, fats, oils, perfumes, alkaloids, and gums. It is mildly irritating to skin and mucous membranes.. ether : An organooxygen compound with formula ROR, where R is not hydrogen.. diethyl ether : An ether in which the oxygen atom is linked to two ethyl groups.		2.3820ether;
volatile organic compound		inhalation anaesthetic;
non-polar solvent;
refrigerant
ethosuximide
Ethosuximide: An anticonvulsant especially useful in the treatment of absence seizures unaccompanied by other types of seizures.. ethosuximide : A dicarboximide that is pyrrolidine-2,5-dione in which the hydrogens at position 3 are substituted by one methyl and one ethyl group. An antiepileptic, it is used in the treatment of absence seizures and may be used for myoclonic seizures, but is ineffective against tonic-clonic seizures.		2.6430dicarboximide;
pyrrolidinone		anticonvulsant;
geroprotector;
T-type calcium channel blocker
ethoxyquin
Ethoxyquin: Antioxidant; also a post-harvest dip to prevent scald on apples and pears.. ethoxyquin : A quinoline that is 1,2-dihydroquinoline bearing three methyl substituents at position 2, 2 and 4 as well as an ethoxy substituent at position 6.		1.9610aromatic ether;
quinolines		antifungal agrochemical;
food antioxidant;
genotoxin;
geroprotector;
herbicide;
Hsp90 inhibitor;
neuroprotective agent;
UDP-glucuronosyltransferase activator
ethylenediamine
ethylenediamine: RN given refers to parent cpd; edamine is the recommended contraction for the ethylenediamine radical. ethylenediamine : An alkane-alpha,omega-diamine in which the alkane is ethane.		2.5320alkane-alpha,omega-diamineGABA agonist
etidronate
Etidronic Acid: A diphosphonate which affects calcium metabolism. It inhibits ectopic calcification and slows down bone resorption and bone turnover.. etidronic acid : A 1,1-bis(phosphonic acid) that is (ethane-1,1-diyl)bis(phosphonic acid) having a hydroxy substituent at the 1-position. It inhibits the formation, growth, and dissolution of hydroxyapatite crystals by chemisorption to calcium phosphate surfaces.		1.98101,1-bis(phosphonic acid)antineoplastic agent;
bone density conservation agent;
chelator
famotidine
Famotidine: A competitive histamine H2-receptor antagonist. Its main pharmacodynamic effect is the inhibition of gastric secretion.		2.03101,3-thiazoles;
guanidines;
sulfonamide		anti-ulcer drug;
H2-receptor antagonist;
P450 inhibitor
fenbendazole
Fenbendazole: Antinematodal benzimidazole used in veterinary medicine.. fenbendazole : A member of the class of benzimidazoles that is 1H-benzimidazole which is substituted at positons 2 and 5 by (methoxycarbonyl)amino and phenylsulfanediyl groups, respectively. A broad-spectrum anthelmintic, it is used, particularly in veterinary medicine, for the treatment of nematodal infections.		2.3720aryl sulfide;
benzimidazoles;
carbamate ester		antinematodal drug
fenofibrate
Pharmavit: a polyvitamin product, comprising vitamins A, D2, B1, B2, B6, C, E, nicotinamide, & calcium pantothene; may be a promising agent for application to human populations exposed to carcinogenic and genetic hazards of ionizing radiation; RN from CHEMLINE		6.4842aromatic ether;
chlorobenzophenone;
isopropyl ester;
monochlorobenzenes		antilipemic drug;
environmental contaminant;
geroprotector;
xenobiotic
flufenamic acid
Flufenamic Acid: An anthranilic acid derivative with analgesic, anti-inflammatory, and antipyretic properties. It is used in musculoskeletal and joint disorders and administered by mouth and topically. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p16). flufenamic acid : An aromatic amino acid consisting of anthranilic acid carrying an N-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl substituent. An analgesic and anti-inflammatory, it is used in rheumatic disorders.		2.6430aromatic amino acid;
organofluorine compound		antipyretic;
EC 1.14.99.1 (prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase) inhibitor;
non-narcotic analgesic;
non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug
fluorouracil
Fluorouracil: A pyrimidine analog that is an antineoplastic antimetabolite. It interferes with DNA synthesis by blocking the THYMIDYLATE SYNTHETASE conversion of deoxyuridylic acid to thymidylic acid.. 5-fluorouracil : A nucleobase analogue that is uracil in which the hydrogen at position 5 is replaced by fluorine. It is an antineoplastic agent which acts as an antimetabolite - following conversion to the active deoxynucleotide, it inhibits DNA synthesis (by blocking the conversion of deoxyuridylic acid to thymidylic acid by the cellular enzyme thymidylate synthetase) and so slows tumour growth.		7.83174nucleobase analogue;
organofluorine compound		antimetabolite;
antineoplastic agent;
environmental contaminant;
immunosuppressive agent;
radiosensitizing agent;
xenobiotic
fluoxetine
Fluoxetine: The first highly specific serotonin uptake inhibitor. It is used as an antidepressant and often has a more acceptable side-effects profile than traditional antidepressants.. fluoxetine : A racemate comprising equimolar amounts of (R)- and (S)-fluoxetine. A selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor (SSRI), it is used (generally as the hydrochloride salt) for the treatment of depression (and the depressive phase of bipolar disorder), bullimia nervosa, and obsessive-compulsive disorder.. N-methyl-3-phenyl-3-[4-(trifluoromethyl)phenoxy]propan-1-amine : An aromatic ether consisting of 4-trifluoromethylphenol in which the hydrogen of the phenolic hydroxy group is replaced by a 3-(methylamino)-1-phenylpropyl group.		7.2776(trifluoromethyl)benzenes;
aromatic ether;
secondary amino compound
flurazepam
Flurazepam: A benzodiazepine derivative used mainly as a hypnotic.. flurazepam : A 1,4-benzodiazepinone that is 1,3-dihydro-2H-1,4-benzodiazepin-2-one substituted by a 2-(diethylamino)ethyl group, 2-fluorophenyl group and chloro group at positions 1, 5 and 7, respectively. It is a partial agonist of GABAA receptors and used for the treatment of insomnia.		1.96101,4-benzodiazepinone;
monofluorobenzenes;
organochlorine compound;
tertiary amino compound		anticonvulsant;
anxiolytic drug;
GABAA receptor agonist;
sedative
furosemide
Furosemide: A benzoic-sulfonamide-furan. It is a diuretic with fast onset and short duration that is used for EDEMA and chronic RENAL INSUFFICIENCY.. furosemide : A chlorobenzoic acid that is 4-chlorobenzoic acid substituted by a (furan-2-ylmethyl)amino and a sulfamoyl group at position 2 and 5 respectively. It is a diuretic used in the treatment of congestive heart failure.		4.4651chlorobenzoic acid;
furans;
sulfonamide		environmental contaminant;
loop diuretic;
xenobiotic
gabapentin
Gabapentin: A cyclohexane-gamma-aminobutyric acid derivative that is used for the treatment of PARTIAL SEIZURES; NEURALGIA; and RESTLESS LEGS SYNDROME.. gabapentin : A gamma-amino acid that is cyclohexane substituted at position 1 by aminomethyl and carboxymethyl groups. Used for treatment of neuropathic pain and restless legs syndrome.		6.3621gamma-amino acidanticonvulsant;
calcium channel blocker;
environmental contaminant;
xenobiotic
gentamicin
Gentamicins: A complex of closely related aminoglycosides obtained from MICROMONOSPORA purpurea and related species. They are broad-spectrum antibiotics, but may cause ear and kidney damage. They act to inhibit PROTEIN BIOSYNTHESIS.		6.27111
gliclazide
Gliclazide: An oral sulfonylurea hypoglycemic agent which stimulates insulin secretion.		2.5820N-sulfonylureahypoglycemic agent;
insulin secretagogue;
radical scavenger
glutaral
Glutaral: One of the protein CROSS-LINKING REAGENTS that is used as a disinfectant for sterilization of heat-sensitive equipment and as a laboratory reagent, especially as a fixative.. glutaraldehyde : A dialdehyde comprised of pentane with aldehyde functions at C-1 and C-5.		2.0310dialdehydecross-linking reagent;
disinfectant;
fixative
glyburide
Glyburide: An antidiabetic sulfonylurea derivative with actions like those of chlorpropamide. glyburide : An N-sulfonylurea that is acetohexamide in which the acetyl group is replaced by a 2-(5-chloro-2-methoxybenzamido)ethyl group.		6.9143monochlorobenzenes;
N-sulfonylurea		anti-arrhythmia drug;
EC 2.7.1.33 (pantothenate kinase) inhibitor;
EC 3.6.3.49 (channel-conductance-controlling ATPase) inhibitor;
hypoglycemic agent
glyphosate
glyphosate: active cpd in herbicidal formulation Roundup; inhibits EC 2.5.1.19, 5-enolpyruvylshikimate-3-phosphate synthase; structure. glyphosate : A phosphonic acid resulting from the formal oxidative coupling of the methyl group of methylphosphonic acid with the amino group of glycine. It is one of the most commonly used herbicides worldwide, and the only one to target the enzyme 5-enolpyruvyl-3-shikimate phosphate synthase (EPSPS).		3.3510glycine derivative;
phosphonic acid		agrochemical;
EC 2.5.1.19 (3-phosphoshikimate 1-carboxyvinyltransferase) inhibitor;
herbicide
guaifenesin
Guaifenesin: An expectorant that also has some muscle relaxing action. It is used in many cough preparations.		3.7530methoxybenzenes
guanethidine
Guanethidine: An antihypertensive agent that acts by inhibiting selectively transmission in post-ganglionic adrenergic nerves. It is believed to act mainly by preventing the release of norepinephrine at nerve endings and causes depletion of norepinephrine in peripheral sympathetic nerve terminals as well as in tissues.. guanethidine : A member of the class of guanidines in which one of the hydrogens of the amino group has been replaced by a 2-azocan-1-ylethyl group.. guanethidine sulfate : A organic sulfate salt composed of two molecules of guanethidine and one of sulfuric acid.		1.9510azocanes;
guanidines		adrenergic antagonist;
antihypertensive agent;
sympatholytic agent
guanidine
Guanidine: A strong organic base existing primarily as guanidium ions at physiological pH. It is found in the urine as a normal product of protein metabolism. It is also used in laboratory research as a protein denaturant. (From Martindale, the Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed and Merck Index, 12th ed) It is also used in the treatment of myasthenia and as a fluorescent probe in HPLC.. guanidine : An aminocarboxamidine, the parent compound of the guanidines.		1.9710carboxamidine;
guanidines;
one-carbon compound
1-(5-isoquinolinesulfonyl)-2-methylpiperazine
1-(5-Isoquinolinesulfonyl)-2-Methylpiperazine: A specific protein kinase C inhibitor, which inhibits superoxide release from human neutrophils (PMN) stimulated with phorbol myristate acetate or synthetic diacylglycerol.. 1-(5-isoquinolinesulfonyl)-2-methylpiperazine : A member of the class of N-sulfonylpiperazines that is 2-methylpiperazine substituted at position 1 by a 5-isoquinolinesulfonyl group.		3.2710isoquinolines;
N-sulfonylpiperazine		EC 2.7.11.13 (protein kinase C) inhibitor
fasudil
fasudil: intracellular calcium antagonist; structure in first source. fasudil : An isoquinoline substituted by a (1,4-diazepan-1-yl)sulfonyl group at position 5. It is a Rho-kinase inhibitor and its hydrochloride hydrate form is approved for the treatment of cerebral vasospasm and cerebral ischemia.		3.2710isoquinolines;
N-sulfonyldiazepane		antihypertensive agent;
calcium channel blocker;
EC 2.7.11.1 (non-specific serine/threonine protein kinase) inhibitor;
geroprotector;
neuroprotective agent;
nootropic agent;
vasodilator agent
haloperidol
Haloperidol: A phenyl-piperidinyl-butyrophenone that is used primarily to treat SCHIZOPHRENIA and other PSYCHOSES. It is also used in schizoaffective disorder, DELUSIONAL DISORDERS, ballism, and TOURETTE SYNDROME (a drug of choice) and occasionally as adjunctive therapy in INTELLECTUAL DISABILITY and the chorea of HUNTINGTON DISEASE. It is a potent antiemetic and is used in the treatment of intractable HICCUPS. (From AMA Drug Evaluations Annual, 1994, p279). haloperidol : A compound composed of a central piperidine structure with hydroxy and p-chlorophenyl substituents at position 4 and an N-linked p-fluorobutyrophenone moiety.		2.0410aromatic ketone;
hydroxypiperidine;
monochlorobenzenes;
organofluorine compound;
tertiary alcohol		antidyskinesia agent;
antiemetic;
dopaminergic antagonist;
first generation antipsychotic;
serotonergic antagonist
halothane
[no description available]		4.630haloalkane;
organobromine compound;
organochlorine compound;
organofluorine compound		inhalation anaesthetic
hexachlorophene
Hexachlorophene: A chlorinated bisphenol antiseptic with a bacteriostatic action against Gram-positive organisms, but much less effective against Gram-negative organisms. It is mainly used in soaps and creams and is an ingredient of various preparations used for skin disorders. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p797). hexachlorophene : An organochlorine compound that is diphenylmethane in which each of the phenyl groups is substituted by chlorines at positions 2, 3, and 5, and by a hydroxy group at position 6. An antiseptic that is effective against Gram-positive organisms, it is used in soaps and creams for the treatment of various skin disorders. It is also used in agriculture as an acaricide and fungicide, but is not approved for such use within the European Union.		1.9410bridged diphenyl fungicide;
polyphenol;
trichlorobenzene		acaricide;
antibacterial agent;
antifungal agrochemical;
antiseptic drug
hexamethonium
Hexamethonium: A nicotinic cholinergic antagonist often referred to as the prototypical ganglionic blocker. It is poorly absorbed from the gastrointestinal tract and does not cross the blood-brain barrier. It has been used for a variety of therapeutic purposes including hypertension but, like the other ganglionic blockers, it has been replaced by more specific drugs for most purposes, although it is widely used a research tool.		1.9310quaternary ammonium salt
hexetidine
Hexetidine: A bactericidal and fungicidal antiseptic. It is used as a 0.1% mouthwash for local infections and oral hygiene. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p797)		2.1310organic heteromonocyclic compound;
organonitrogen heterocyclic compound
hydrochlorothiazide
Hydrochlorothiazide: A thiazide diuretic often considered the prototypical member of this class. It reduces the reabsorption of electrolytes from the renal tubules. This results in increased excretion of water and electrolytes, including sodium, potassium, chloride, and magnesium. It is used in the treatment of several disorders including edema, hypertension, diabetes insipidus, and hypoparathyroidism.. hydrochlorothiazide : A benzothiadiazine that is 3,4-dihydro-2H-1,2,4-benzothiadiazine 1,1-dioxide substituted by a chloro group at position 6 and a sulfonamide at 7. It is diuretic used for the treatment of hypertension and congestive heart failure.		4.0331benzothiadiazine;
organochlorine compound;
sulfonamide		antihypertensive agent;
diuretic;
environmental contaminant;
xenobiotic
hydroxychloroquine
Hydroxychloroquine: A chemotherapeutic agent that acts against erythrocytic forms of malarial parasites. Hydroxychloroquine appears to concentrate in food vacuoles of affected protozoa. It inhibits plasmodial heme polymerase. (From Gilman et al., Goodman and Gilman's The Pharmacological Basis of Therapeutics, 9th ed, p970). hydroxychloroquine : An aminoquinoline that is chloroquine in which one of the N-ethyl groups is hydroxylated at position 2. An antimalarial with properties similar to chloroquine that acts against erythrocytic forms of malarial parasites, it is mainly used as the sulfate salt for the treatment of lupus erythematosus, rheumatoid arthritis, and light-sensitive skin eruptions.		2.4920aminoquinoline;
organochlorine compound;
primary alcohol;
secondary amino compound;
tertiary amino compound		anticoronaviral agent;
antimalarial;
antirheumatic drug;
dermatologic drug
hydroxyurea
[no description available]		4.92120one-carbon compound;
ureas		antimetabolite;
antimitotic;
antineoplastic agent;
DNA synthesis inhibitor;
EC 1.17.4.1 (ribonucleoside-diphosphate reductase) inhibitor;
genotoxin;
immunomodulator;
radical scavenger;
teratogenic agent
hydroxyzine
Hydroxyzine: A histamine H1 receptor antagonist that is effective in the treatment of chronic urticaria, dermatitis, and histamine-mediated pruritus. Unlike its major metabolite CETIRIZINE, it does cause drowsiness. It is also effective as an antiemetic, for relief of anxiety and tension, and as a sedative.. hydroxyzine : A N-alkylpiperazine that is piperzine in which the nitrogens atoms are substituted by 2-(2-hydroxyethoxy)ethyl and (4-chlorophenyl)(phenyl)methyl groups respectively.		1.9410hydroxyether;
monochlorobenzenes;
N-alkylpiperazine		anticoronaviral agent;
antipruritic drug;
anxiolytic drug;
dermatologic drug;
H1-receptor antagonist
phenelzine
Phenelzine: One of the MONOAMINE OXIDASE INHIBITORS used to treat DEPRESSION; PHOBIC DISORDERS; and PANIC.		1.9410primary amine
lidocaine
Lidocaine: A local anesthetic and cardiac depressant used as an antiarrhythmia agent. Its actions are more intense and its effects more prolonged than those of PROCAINE but its duration of action is shorter than that of BUPIVACAINE or PRILOCAINE.. lidocaine : The monocarboxylic acid amide resulting from the formal condensation of N,N-diethylglycine with 2,6-dimethylaniline.		9.783110benzenes;
monocarboxylic acid amide;
tertiary amino compound		anti-arrhythmia drug;
drug allergen;
environmental contaminant;
local anaesthetic;
xenobiotic
ifosfamide
[no description available]		2.0610ifosfamidesalkylating agent;
antineoplastic agent;
environmental contaminant;
immunosuppressive agent;
xenobiotic
imipramine
Imipramine: The prototypical tricyclic antidepressant. It has been used in major depression, dysthymia, bipolar depression, attention-deficit disorders, agoraphobia, and panic disorders. It has less sedative effect than some other members of this therapeutic group.. imipramine : A dibenzoazepine that is 5H-dibenzo[b,f]azepine substituted by a 3-(dimethylamino)propyl group at the nitrogen atom.		2.3820dibenzoazepineadrenergic uptake inhibitor;
antidepressant;
EC 3.4.21.26 (prolyl oligopeptidase) inhibitor
indomethacin
Indomethacin: A non-steroidal anti-inflammatory agent (NSAID) that inhibits CYCLOOXYGENASE, which is necessary for the formation of PROSTAGLANDINS and other AUTACOIDS. It also inhibits the motility of POLYMORPHONUCLEAR LEUKOCYTES.. indometacin : A member of the class of indole-3-acetic acids that is indole-3-acetic acid in which the indole ring is substituted at positions 1, 2 and 5 by p-chlorobenzoyl, methyl, and methoxy groups, respectively. A non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug, it is used in the treatment of musculoskeletal and joint disorders including osteoarthritis, rheumatoid arthritis, gout, bursitis and tendinitis.		1.9910aromatic ether;
indole-3-acetic acids;
monochlorobenzenes;
N-acylindole		analgesic;
drug metabolite;
EC 1.14.99.1 (prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase) inhibitor;
environmental contaminant;
gout suppressant;
non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug;
xenobiotic metabolite;
xenobiotic
iodoacetamide
[no description available]		2.3720
iodoquinol
Iodoquinol: One of the halogenated 8-quinolinols widely used as an intestinal antiseptic, especially as an antiamebic agent. It is also used topically in other infections and may cause CNS and eye damage. It is known by very many similar trade names world-wide.. iodoquinol : A monohydroxyquinoline that is quinolin-8-ol in which the hydrogens at positions 5 and 7 are replaced by iodine. It is considered the drug of choice for treating asymptomatic or moderate forms of amoebiasis.		1.9510monohydroxyquinoline;
organoiodine compound		antiamoebic agent;
antibacterial agent;
antiprotozoal drug;
antiseptic drug
iothalamic acid
Iothalamic Acid: A contrast medium in diagnostic radiology with properties similar to those of diatrizoic acid. It is used primarily as its sodium and meglumine (IOTHALAMATE MEGLUMINE) salts.		6.29130organic molecular entity
iodipamide
Iodipamide: A water-soluble radiographic contrast media for cholecystography and intravenous cholangiography.. adipiodone : An organoiodine compound that is 3-amino-2,4,6-triiodobenzoic acid in which one of the amino hydrogens is substituted by a 6-(3-carboxy-2,4,6-triiodoanilino)-6-oxohexanoyl group. It is a water-soluble radiographic contrast media for cholecystography and intravenous cholangiography.		3.0410benzoic acids;
organoiodine compound;
secondary carboxamide		radioopaque medium
1-methyl-3-isobutylxanthine
1-Methyl-3-isobutylxanthine: A potent cyclic nucleotide phosphodiesterase inhibitor; due to this action, the compound increases cyclic AMP and cyclic GMP in tissue and thereby activates CYCLIC NUCLEOTIDE-REGULATED PROTEIN KINASES. 3-isobutyl-1-methylxanthine : An oxopurine that is xanthine which is substituted at positions 1 and 3 by methyl and isobutyl groups, respectively.		1.96103-isobutyl-1-methylxanthine
isocarboxazid
Isocarboxazid: An MAO inhibitor that is effective in the treatment of major depression, dysthymic disorder, and atypical depression. It also is useful in the treatment of panic disorder and the phobic disorders. (From AMA, Drug Evaluations Annual, 1994, p311)		1.9410benzenes
isoflurane
Isoflurane: A stable, non-explosive inhalation anesthetic, relatively free from significant side effects.		2.1510organofluorine compoundinhalation anaesthetic
isoniazid
Hydra: A genus of freshwater polyps in the family Hydridae, order Hydroida, class HYDROZOA. They are of special interest because of their complex organization and because their adult organization corresponds roughly to the gastrula of higher animals.. hydrazide : Compounds derived from oxoacids RkE(=O)l(OH)m (l =/= 0) by replacing -OH by -NRNR2 (R groups are commonly H). (IUPAC).		10.24170carbohydrazideantitubercular agent;
drug allergen
propyphenazone
propyphenazone: structure. propyphenazone : A pyrazolone derivative that is antipyrine substituted at C-4 by an isopropyl group.		1.9810pyrazolonenon-narcotic analgesic;
non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug;
peripheral nervous system drug
isoproterenol
Isoproterenol: Isopropyl analog of EPINEPHRINE; beta-sympathomimetic that acts on the heart, bronchi, skeletal muscle, alimentary tract, etc. It is used mainly as bronchodilator and heart stimulant.. isoprenaline : A secondary amino compound that is noradrenaline in which one of the hydrogens attached to the nitrogen is replaced by an isopropyl group. A sympathomimetic acting almost exclusively on beta-adrenergic receptors, it is used (mainly as the hydrochloride salt) as a bronghodilator and heart stimulant for the management of a variety of cardiac disorders.		3.2260catechols;
secondary alcohol;
secondary amino compound		beta-adrenergic agonist;
bronchodilator agent;
cardiotonic drug;
sympathomimetic agent
ketamine
Ketamine: A cyclohexanone derivative used for induction of anesthesia. Its mechanism of action is not well understood, but ketamine can block NMDA receptors (RECEPTORS, N-METHYL-D-ASPARTATE) and may interact with sigma receptors.. ketamine : A member of the class of cyclohexanones in which one of the hydrogens at position 2 is substituted by a 2-chlorophenyl group, while the other is substituted by a methylamino group.		5.2331cyclohexanones;
monochlorobenzenes;
secondary amino compound		analgesic;
environmental contaminant;
intravenous anaesthetic;
neurotoxin;
NMDA receptor antagonist;
xenobiotic
ketorolac
Ketorolac: A pyrrolizine carboxylic acid derivative structurally related to INDOMETHACIN. It is an NSAID and is used principally for its analgesic activity. (From Martindale The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 31st ed). ketorolac : A racemate comprising equimolar amounts of (R)-(+)- and (S)-(-)-5-benzoyl-2,3-dihydro-1H-pyrrolizine-1-carboxylic acid. While only the (S)-(-) enantiomer is a COX1 and COX2 inhibitor, the (R)-(+) enantiomer exhibits potent analgesic activity. A non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug, ketorolac is mainly used (generally as the tromethamine salt) for its potent analgesic properties in the short-term management of post-operative pain, and in eye drops to relieve the ocular itching associated with seasonal allergic conjunctivitis. It was withdrawn from the market in many countries in 1993 following association with haemorrhage and renal failure.. 5-benzoyl-2,3-dihydro-1H-pyrrolizine-1-carboxylic acid : A member of the class of pyrrolizines that is 2,3-dihydro-1H-pyrrolizine which is substituted at positions 1 and 5 by carboxy and benzoyl groups, respectively.		4.0620amino acid;
aromatic ketone;
monocarboxylic acid;
pyrrolizines;
racemate		analgesic;
cyclooxygenase 1 inhibitor;
cyclooxygenase 2 inhibitor;
non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug
khellin
Khellin: A vasodilator that also has bronchodilatory action. It has been employed in the treatment of angina pectoris, in the treatment of asthma, and in conjunction with ultraviolet light A, has been tried in the treatment of vitiligo. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p1024). khellin : A furanochrome in which the basic tricyclic skeleton is substituted at positions 4 and 9 with methoxy groups and at position 7 with a methyl group. A major constituent of the plant Ammi visnaga it is a herbal folk medicine used for various illnesses, its main effect being as a vasodilator.		1.9510furanochromone;
organic heterotricyclic compound;
oxacycle		anti-asthmatic agent;
bronchodilator agent;
cardiovascular drug;
vasodilator agent
lamotrigine
[no description available]		3401,2,4-triazines;
dichlorobenzene;
primary arylamine		anticonvulsant;
antidepressant;
antimanic drug;
calcium channel blocker;
EC 3.4.21.26 (prolyl oligopeptidase) inhibitor;
environmental contaminant;
excitatory amino acid antagonist;
geroprotector;
non-narcotic analgesic;
xenobiotic
lansoprazole
Lansoprazole: A 2,2,2-trifluoroethoxypyridyl derivative of timoprazole that is used in the therapy of STOMACH ULCERS and ZOLLINGER-ELLISON SYNDROME. The drug inhibits H(+)-K(+)-EXCHANGING ATPASE which is found in GASTRIC PARIETAL CELLS. Lansoprazole is a racemic mixture of (R)- and (S)-isomers.		3.1450benzimidazoles;
pyridines;
sulfoxide		anti-ulcer drug;
EC 3.6.3.10 (H(+)/K(+)-exchanging ATPase) inhibitor
leflunomide
Leflunomide: An isoxazole derivative that inhibits dihydroorotate dehydrogenase, the fourth enzyme in the pyrimidine biosynthetic pathway. It is used an immunosuppressive agent in the treatment of RHEUMATOID ARTHRITIS and PSORIATIC ARTHRITIS.. leflunomide : A monocarboxylic acid amide obtained by formal condensation of the carboxy group of 5-methyl-1,2-oxazole-4-carboxylic acid with the anilino group of 4-(trifluoromethyl)aniline. The prodrug of teriflunomide.		2.2510(trifluoromethyl)benzenes;
isoxazoles;
monocarboxylic acid amide		antineoplastic agent;
antiparasitic agent;
EC 1.3.98.1 [dihydroorotate oxidase (fumarate)] inhibitor;
EC 3.1.3.16 (phosphoprotein phosphatase) inhibitor;
hepatotoxic agent;
immunosuppressive agent;
non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug;
prodrug;
pyrimidine synthesis inhibitor;
tyrosine kinase inhibitor
lofepramine
Lofepramine: A psychotropic IMIPRAMINE derivative that acts as a tricyclic antidepressant and possesses few anticholinergic properties. It is metabolized to DESIPRAMINE.		4.8742aromatic ketone;
dibenzoazepine;
monochlorobenzenes;
tertiary amino compound		antidepressant
losartan
Losartan: An antagonist of ANGIOTENSIN TYPE 1 RECEPTOR with antihypertensive activity due to the reduced pressor effect of ANGIOTENSIN II.. losartan : A biphenylyltetrazole where a 1,1'-biphenyl group is attached at the 5-position and has an additional trisubstituted imidazol-1-ylmethyl group at the 4'-position		3.4311biphenylyltetrazole;
imidazoles		angiotensin receptor antagonist;
anti-arrhythmia drug;
antihypertensive agent;
endothelin receptor antagonist
loxoprofen
loxoprofen: RN given refers to parent cpd without isomeric designation; structure in first source. loxoprofen : A monocarboxylic acid that is propionic acid in which one of the hydrogens at position 2 is substituted by a 4-[(2-oxocyclopentyl)methyl]phenyl group. A prodrug that is rapidly converted into its active trans-alcohol metabolite following oral administration.		2.0510cyclopentanones;
monocarboxylic acid		antipyretic;
EC 1.14.99.1 (prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase) inhibitor;
non-narcotic analgesic;
non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug;
prodrug
2-(4-morpholinyl)-8-phenyl-4h-1-benzopyran-4-one
2-(4-morpholinyl)-8-phenyl-4H-1-benzopyran-4-one: specific inhibitor of phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase; structure in first source		2.0610chromones;
morpholines;
organochlorine compound		autophagy inhibitor;
EC 2.7.1.137 (phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase) inhibitor;
geroprotector
malathion
Malathion: A wide spectrum aliphatic organophosphate insecticide widely used for both domestic and commercial agricultural purposes.. malathion : A racemate comprising equimolar amounts of (R) and (S)-malathion. It is a broad spectrum organophosphate proinsecticide used to control a wide range of pests including Coleoptera, Diptera, fruit flies, mosquitos and spider mites.. diethyl 2-[(dimethoxyphosphorothioyl)thio]succinate : A diester that is diethyl succinate in which position 2 is substituted by a (dimethoxyphosphorothioyl)thio group.		2.610diester;
ethyl ester;
organic thiophosphate
edaravone
[no description available]		2.1110pyrazoloneantioxidant;
radical scavenger
mebendazole
Mebendazole: A benzimidazole that acts by interfering with CARBOHYDRATE METABOLISM and inhibiting polymerization of MICROTUBULES.. mebendazole : A carbamate ester that is methyl 1H-benzimidazol-2-ylcarbamate substituted by a benzoyl group at position 5.		2.3720aromatic ketone;
benzimidazoles;
carbamate ester		antinematodal drug;
microtubule-destabilising agent;
tubulin modulator
mechlorethamine
nitrogen mustard : Compounds having two beta-haloalkyl groups bound to a nitrogen atom, as in (X-CH2-CH2)2NR.		3.4480nitrogen mustard;
organochlorine compound		alkylating agent
memantine
[no description available]		4.430adamantanes;
primary aliphatic amine		antidepressant;
antiparkinson drug;
dopaminergic agent;
neuroprotective agent;
NMDA receptor antagonist
vitamin k 3
Vitamin K 3: A synthetic naphthoquinone without the isoprenoid side chain and biological activity, but can be converted to active vitamin K2, menaquinone, after alkylation in vivo.		2.38201,4-naphthoquinones;
vitamin K		angiogenesis inhibitor;
antineoplastic agent;
EC 3.4.22.69 (SARS coronavirus main proteinase) inhibitor;
human urinary metabolite;
nutraceutical
meperidine
Meperidine: A narcotic analgesic that can be used for the relief of most types of moderate to severe pain, including postoperative pain and the pain of labor. Prolonged use may lead to dependence of the morphine type; withdrawal symptoms appear more rapidly than with morphine and are of shorter duration.. pethidine : A piperidinecarboxylate ester that is piperidine which is substituted by a methyl group at position 1 and by phenyl and ethoxycarbonyl groups at position 4. It is an analgesic which is used for the treatment of moderate to severe pain, including postoperative pain and labour pain.		2.3420ethyl ester;
piperidinecarboxylate ester;
tertiary amino compound		antispasmodic drug;
kappa-opioid receptor agonist;
mu-opioid receptor agonist;
opioid analgesic
mephenesin
Mephenesin: A centrally acting muscle relaxant with a short duration of action.. 1-(2-methylphenyl)glycerol : A glycerol ether in which a single 2-methylphenyl group is attached at position 1 of glycerol via an ether linkage.		2.3420aromatic ether;
glycerol ether
meprobamate
Meprobamate: A carbamate with hypnotic, sedative, and some muscle relaxant properties, although in therapeutic doses reduction of anxiety rather than a direct effect may be responsible for muscle relaxation. Meprobamate has been reported to have anticonvulsant actions against petit mal seizures, but not against grand mal seizures (which may be exacerbated). It is used in the treatment of ANXIETY DISORDERS, and also for the short-term management of INSOMNIA but has largely been superseded by the BENZODIAZEPINES. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p603)		2.3520organic molecular entity
mesalamine
Mesalamine: An anti-inflammatory agent, structurally related to the SALICYLATES, which is active in INFLAMMATORY BOWEL DISEASE. It is considered to be the active moiety of SULPHASALAZINE. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed). mesalamine : A monohydroxybenzoic acid that is salicylic acid substituted by an amino group at the 5-position.		210amino acid;
aromatic amine;
monocarboxylic acid;
monohydroxybenzoic acid;
phenols		non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug
metformin
Metformin: A biguanide hypoglycemic agent used in the treatment of non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus not responding to dietary modification. Metformin improves glycemic control by improving insulin sensitivity and decreasing intestinal absorption of glucose. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p289). metformin : A member of the class of guanidines that is biguanide the carrying two methyl substituents at position 1.		16.6312521guanidinesenvironmental contaminant;
geroprotector;
hypoglycemic agent;
xenobiotic
methadone
Methadone: A synthetic opioid that is used as the hydrochloride. It is an opioid analgesic that is primarily a mu-opioid agonist. It has actions and uses similar to those of MORPHINE. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p1082-3). methadone : A racemate comprising equimolar amounts of dextromethadone and levomethadone. It is a opioid analgesic which is used as a painkiller and as a substitute for heroin in the treatment of heroin addiction.. 6-(dimethylamino)-4,4-diphenylheptan-3-one : A ketone that is heptan-3-one substituted by a dimethylamino group at position 6 and two phenyl groups at position 4.		2.6430benzenes;
diarylmethane;
ketone;
tertiary amino compound
methantheline
Methantheline: A quaternary ammonium compound that acts as an antimuscarinic agent. It has been used in the treatment of PEPTIC ULCER, in gastrointestinal disorders associated with smooth muscle spasm, and in the management of urinary incontinence, and may also be used for the treatment of HYPERHIDROSIS.		2.3420xanthenes
methenamine
Methenamine: An anti-infective agent most commonly used in the treatment of urinary tract infections. Its anti-infective action derives from the slow release of formaldehyde by hydrolysis at acidic pH. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p173). hexamethylenetetramine : A polycyclic cage that is adamantane in which the carbon atoms at positions 1, 3, 5 and 7 are replaced by nitrogen atoms.		3.0310polyazaalkane;
polycyclic cage;
tetramine		antibacterial drug
nocodazole
[no description available]		1.9710aromatic ketone;
benzimidazoles;
carbamate ester;
thiophenes		antimitotic;
antineoplastic agent;
microtubule-destabilising agent;
tubulin modulator
methyl methanesulfonate
[no description available]		1.9910methanesulfonate esteralkylating agent;
apoptosis inducer;
carcinogenic agent;
genotoxin;
mutagen
methylphenidate
Methylphenidate: A central nervous system stimulant used most commonly in the treatment of ATTENTION DEFICIT DISORDER in children and for NARCOLEPSY. Its mechanisms appear to be similar to those of DEXTROAMPHETAMINE. The d-isomer of this drug is referred to as DEXMETHYLPHENIDATE HYDROCHLORIDE.. methylphenidate : A racemate comprising equimolar amounts of the two threo isomers of methyl phenyl(piperidin-2-yl)acetate. A central stimulant and indirect-acting sympathomimetic, is used (generally as the hydrochloride salt) in the treatment of hyperactivity disorders in children and for the treatment of narcolepsy.. methyl phenyl(piperidin-2-yl)acetate : A amino acid ester that is methyl phenylacetate in which one of the hydrogens alpha to the carbonyl group is replaced by a piperidin-2-yl group.		3.7530beta-amino acid ester;
methyl ester;
piperidines
metoclopramide
Metoclopramide: A dopamine D2 antagonist that is used as an antiemetic.. metoclopramide : A member of the class of benzamides resulting from the formal condensation of 4-amino-5-chloro-2-methoxybenzoic acid with the primary amino group of N,N-diethylethane-1,2-diamine.		4.0631benzamides;
monochlorobenzenes;
substituted aniline;
tertiary amino compound		antiemetic;
dopaminergic antagonist;
environmental contaminant;
gastrointestinal drug;
xenobiotic
metoprolol
Metoprolol: A selective adrenergic beta-1 blocking agent that is commonly used to treat ANGINA PECTORIS; HYPERTENSION; and CARDIAC ARRHYTHMIAS.. metoprolol : A propanolamine that is 1-(propan-2-ylamino)propan-2-ol substituted by a 4-(2-methoxyethyl)phenoxy group at position 1.		2.0510aromatic ether;
propanolamine;
secondary alcohol;
secondary amino compound		antihypertensive agent;
beta-adrenergic antagonist;
environmental contaminant;
geroprotector;
xenobiotic
metronidazole
Metronidazole: A nitroimidazole used to treat AMEBIASIS; VAGINITIS; TRICHOMONAS INFECTIONS; GIARDIASIS; ANAEROBIC BACTERIA; and TREPONEMAL INFECTIONS.. metronidazole : A member of the class of imidazoles substituted at C-1, -2 and -5 with 2-hydroxyethyl, nitro and methyl groups respectively. It has activity against anaerobic bacteria and protozoa, and has a radiosensitising effect on hypoxic tumour cells. It may be given by mouth in tablets, or as the benzoate in an oral suspension. The hydrochloride salt can be used in intravenous infusions. Metronidazole is a prodrug and is selective for anaerobic bacteria due to their ability to intracellularly reduce the nitro group of metronidazole to give nitroso-containing intermediates. These can covalently bind to DNA, disrupting its helical structure, inducing DNA strand breaks and inhibiting bacterial nucleic acid synthesis, ultimately resulting in bacterial cell death.		4.77100C-nitro compound;
imidazoles;
primary alcohol		antiamoebic agent;
antibacterial drug;
antimicrobial agent;
antiparasitic agent;
antitrichomonal drug;
environmental contaminant;
prodrug;
radiosensitizing agent;
xenobiotic
mexiletine
Mexiletine: Antiarrhythmic agent pharmacologically similar to LIDOCAINE. It may have some anticonvulsant properties.. mexiletine : An aromatic ether which is 2,6-dimethylphenyl ether of 2-aminopropan-1-ol.		3.7730aromatic ether;
primary amino compound		anti-arrhythmia drug
ethylmaleimide
Ethylmaleimide: A sulfhydryl reagent that is widely used in experimental biochemical studies.		3.3370maleimidesanticoronaviral agent;
EC 1.3.1.8 [acyl-CoA dehydrogenase (NADP(+))] inhibitor;
EC 2.1.1.122 [(S)-tetrahydroprotoberberine N-methyltransferase] inhibitor;
EC 2.7.1.1 (hexokinase) inhibitor
nalidixic acid
[no description available]		2.35201,8-naphthyridine derivative;
monocarboxylic acid;
quinolone antibiotic		antibacterial drug;
antimicrobial agent;
DNA synthesis inhibitor
neostigmine
Neostigmine: A cholinesterase inhibitor used in the treatment of myasthenia gravis and to reverse the effects of muscle relaxants such as gallamine and tubocurarine. Neostigmine, unlike PHYSOSTIGMINE, does not cross the blood-brain barrier.. neostigmine : A quaternary ammonium ion comprising an anilinium ion core having three methyl substituents on the aniline nitrogen, and a 3-[(dimethylcarbamoyl)oxy] substituent at position 3. It is a parasympathomimetic which acts as a reversible acetylcholinesterase inhibitor.		2.6330quaternary ammonium ionantidote to curare poisoning;
EC 3.1.1.7 (acetylcholinesterase) inhibitor
nialamide
Nialamide: An MAO inhibitor that is used as an antidepressive agent.		2.3420organonitrogen compound;
organooxygen compound
niclosamide
Niclosamide: An antihelmintic that is active against most tapeworms. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p48). niclosamide : A secondary carboxamide resulting from the formal condensation of the carboxy group of 5-chlorosalicylic acid with the amino group of 2-chloro-4-nitroaniline. It is an oral anthelmintic drug approved for use against tapeworm infections.		2.3920benzamides;
C-nitro compound;
monochlorobenzenes;
salicylanilides;
secondary carboxamide		anthelminthic drug;
anticoronaviral agent;
antiparasitic agent;
apoptosis inducer;
molluscicide;
piscicide;
STAT3 inhibitor
nimodipine
Nimodipine: A calcium channel blockader with preferential cerebrovascular activity. It has marked cerebrovascular dilating effects and lowers blood pressure.. nimodipine : A dihydropyridine that is 1,4-dihydropyridine which is substituted by methyl groups at positions 2 and 6, a (2-methoxyethoxy)carbonyl group at position 3, a m-nitrophenyl group at position 4, and an isopropoxycarbonyl group at position 5. An L-type calcium channel blocker, it acts particularly on cerebral circulation, and is used both orally and intravenously for the prevention and treatment of subarachnoid hemorrhage from ruptured intracranial aneurysm.		4.92212-methoxyethyl ester;
C-nitro compound;
dicarboxylic acids and O-substituted derivatives;
diester;
dihydropyridine;
isopropyl ester		antihypertensive agent;
calcium channel blocker;
cardiovascular drug;
vasodilator agent
nitroglycerin
Nitroglycerin: A volatile vasodilator which relieves ANGINA PECTORIS by stimulating GUANYLATE CYCLASE and lowering cytosolic calcium. It is also sometimes used for TOCOLYSIS and explosives.. nitroglycerol : A nitrate ester that is glycerol in which nitro group(s) replace the hydrogen(s) attached to one or more of the hydroxy groups.. nitroglycerin : A nitroglycerol that is glycerol in which the hydrogen atoms of all three hydroxy groups are replaced by nitro groups. It acts as a prodrug, releasing nitric oxide to open blood vessels and so alleviate heart pain.		6.444nitroglycerolexplosive;
muscle relaxant;
nitric oxide donor;
prodrug;
tocolytic agent;
vasodilator agent;
xenobiotic
norfloxacin
Norfloxacin: A synthetic fluoroquinolone (FLUOROQUINOLONES) with broad-spectrum antibacterial activity against most gram-negative and gram-positive bacteria. Norfloxacin inhibits bacterial DNA GYRASE.. norfloxacin : A quinolinemonocarboxylic acid with broad-spectrum antibacterial activity against most gram-negative and gram-positive bacteria. Norfloxacin is bactericidal and its mode of action depends on blocking of bacterial DNA replication by binding itself to an enzyme called DNA gyrase.		2.0810fluoroquinolone antibiotic;
N-arylpiperazine;
quinolinemonocarboxylic acid;
quinolone antibiotic;
quinolone		antibacterial drug;
DNA synthesis inhibitor;
environmental contaminant;
xenobiotic
nortriptyline
Nortriptyline: A metabolite of AMITRIPTYLINE that is also used as an antidepressive agent. Nortriptyline is used in major depression, dysthymia, and atypical depressions.. nortriptyline : An organic tricyclic compound that is 10,11-dihydro-5H-dibenzo[a,d][7]annulene substituted by a 3-(methylamino)propylidene group at position 5. It is an active metabolite of amitriptyline.		4.3522organic tricyclic compound;
secondary amine		adrenergic uptake inhibitor;
analgesic;
antidepressant;
antineoplastic agent;
apoptosis inducer;
drug metabolite
omeprazole
Omeprazole: A 4-methoxy-3,5-dimethylpyridyl, 5-methoxybenzimidazole derivative of timoprazole that is used in the therapy of STOMACH ULCERS and ZOLLINGER-ELLISON SYNDROME. The drug inhibits an H(+)-K(+)-EXCHANGING ATPASE which is found in GASTRIC PARIETAL CELLS.. omeprazole : A racemate comprising equimolar amounts of (R)- and (S)-omeprazole.. 5-methoxy-2-{[(4-methoxy-3,5-dimethylpyridin-2-yl)methyl]sulfinyl}-1H-benzimidazole : A member of the class of benzimidazoles that is 1H-benzimidazole which is substituted by a [4-methoxy-3,5-dimethylpyridin-2-yl)methyl]sulfinyl group at position 2 and a methoxy group at position 5.		10.84256aromatic ether;
benzimidazoles;
pyridines;
sulfoxide
orphenadrine
Orphenadrine: A muscarinic antagonist used to treat drug-induced parkinsonism and to relieve pain from muscle spasm.. orphenadrine : A tertiary amino compound which is the phenyl-o-tolylmethyl ether of 2-(dimethylamino)ethanol.		3.4111ether;
tertiary amino compound		antidyskinesia agent;
antiparkinson drug;
H1-receptor antagonist;
muscarinic antagonist;
muscle relaxant;
NMDA receptor antagonist;
parasympatholytic
oxybutynin
oxybutynin: RN given refers to parent cpd. oxybutynin : A racemate comprising equimolar amounts of (R)-oxybutynin and esoxybutynin. An antispasmodic used for the treatment of overactive bladder.		2.0810acetylenic compound;
carboxylic ester;
racemate;
tertiary alcohol;
tertiary amino compound		antispasmodic drug;
calcium channel blocker;
local anaesthetic;
muscarinic antagonist;
muscle relaxant;
parasympatholytic
oxyphenbutazone
Oxyphenbutazone: A non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug. Oxyphenbutazone eyedrops have been used abroad in the management of postoperative ocular inflammation, superficial eye injuries, and episcleritis. (From AMA, Drug Evaluations Annual, 1994, p2000) It had been used by mouth in rheumatic disorders such as ankylosing spondylitis, osteoarthritis, and rheumatoid arthritis but such use is no longer considered justified owing to the risk of severe hematological adverse effects. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p27). oxyphenbutazone : A metabolite of phenylbutazone obtained by hydroxylation at position 4 of one of the phenyl rings. Commonly used (as its hydrate) to treat pain, swelling and stiffness associated with arthritis and gout, it was withdrawn from the market 1984 following association with blood dyscrasis and Stevens-Johnson syndrome.		2.3420phenols;
pyrazolidines		antimicrobial agent;
antineoplastic agent;
antipyretic;
drug metabolite;
gout suppressant;
non-narcotic analgesic;
non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug;
xenobiotic metabolite
aminosalicylic acid
Aminosalicylic Acid: An antitubercular agent often administered in association with ISONIAZID. The sodium salt of the drug is better tolerated than the free acid.. 4-aminosalicylic acid : An aminobenzoic acid that is salicylic acid substituted by an amino group at position 4.		8.0450aminobenzoic acid;
phenols		antitubercular agent
quinone
benzoquinone : The simplest members of the class of benzoquinones, consisting of cyclohexadiene which is substituted by two oxo groups.. 1,4-benzoquinone : The simplest member of the class of 1,4-benzoquinones, obtained by the formal oxidation of hydroquinone to the corresponding diketone. It is a metabolite of benzene.. quinone : Compounds having a fully conjugated cyclic dione structure, such as that of benzoquinones, derived from aromatic compounds by conversion of an even number of -CH= groups into -C(=O)- groups with any necessary rearrangement of double bonds (polycyclic and heterocyclic analogues are included).		3.25101,4-benzoquinonescofactor;
human xenobiotic metabolite;
mouse metabolite
fenclonine
Fenclonine: A selective and irreversible inhibitor of tryptophan hydroxylase, a rate-limiting enzyme in the biosynthesis of serotonin (5-HYDROXYTRYPTAMINE). Fenclonine acts pharmacologically to deplete endogenous levels of serotonin.		1.9510phenylalanine derivative
pantoprazole
Pantoprazole: 2-pyridinylmethylsulfinylbenzimidazole proton pump inhibitor that is used in the treatment of GASTROESOPHAGEAL REFLUX and PEPTIC ULCER.. pantoprazole : A member of the class of benzimidazoles that is 1H-benzimidazole substituted by a difluoromethoxy group at position 5 and a [(3,4-dimethoxypyridin-2-yl)methyl]sulfinyl group at position 2.		2.520aromatic ether;
benzimidazoles;
organofluorine compound;
pyridines;
sulfoxide		anti-ulcer drug;
EC 3.6.3.10 (H(+)/K(+)-exchanging ATPase) inhibitor;
environmental contaminant;
xenobiotic
papaverine
Papaverine: An alkaloid found in opium but not closely related to the other opium alkaloids in its structure or pharmacological actions. It is a direct-acting smooth muscle relaxant used in the treatment of impotence and as a vasodilator, especially for cerebral vasodilation. The mechanism of its pharmacological actions is not clear, but it apparently can inhibit phosphodiesterases and it may have direct actions on calcium channels.. papaverine : A benzylisoquinoline alkaloid that is isoquinoline substituted by methoxy groups at positions 6 and 7 and a 3,4-dimethoxybenzyl group at position 1. It has been isolated from Papaver somniferum.		1.9510benzylisoquinoline alkaloid;
dimethoxybenzene;
isoquinolines		antispasmodic drug;
vasodilator agent
pargyline
Pargyline: A monoamine oxidase inhibitor with antihypertensive properties.		2.3720aromatic amine
pemoline
Pemoline: A central nervous system stimulant used in fatigue and depressive states and to treat hyperkinetic disorders in children.. pemoline : A member of the class of 1,3-oxazoles that is 1,3-oxazol-4(5H)-one which is substituted by an amino group at position 2 and by a phenyl group at position 5. A central nervous system stimulant, it was used to treat hyperactivity disorders in children, but withdrawn from use following reports of serious hepatotoxicity.		3.45201,3-oxazolescentral nervous system stimulant
pentoxifylline
[no description available]		3.7821oxopurine
perphenazine
Perphenazine: An antipsychotic phenothiazine derivative with actions and uses similar to those of CHLORPROMAZINE.. perphenazine : A phenothiazine derivative in which the phenothiazine tricycle carries a chloro substituent at the 2-position and a 3-[4-(2-hydroxyethyl)piperazin-1-yl]propyl group at N-10.		1.9410N-(2-hydroxyethyl)piperazine;
N-alkylpiperazine;
organochlorine compound;
phenothiazines		antiemetic;
dopaminergic antagonist;
phenothiazine antipsychotic drug
phenacetin
Saridon: contains phenacetin, caffeine, propyphenazone & pyrithyldione		2.3420acetamides;
aromatic ether		cyclooxygenase 3 inhibitor;
non-narcotic analgesic;
peripheral nervous system drug
phenobarbital
Phenobarbital: A barbituric acid derivative that acts as a nonselective central nervous system depressant. It potentiates GAMMA-AMINOBUTYRIC ACID action on GABA-A RECEPTORS, and modulates chloride currents through receptor channels. It also inhibits glutamate induced depolarizations.. phenobarbital : A member of the class of barbiturates, the structure of which is that of barbituric acid substituted at C-5 by ethyl and phenyl groups.		8.15323barbituratesanticonvulsant;
drug allergen;
excitatory amino acid antagonist;
sedative
phenolsulfonphthalein
Phenolsulfonphthalein: Red dye, pH indicator, and diagnostic aid for determination of renal function. It is used also for studies of the gastrointestinal and other systems.. phenol red : 3H-2,1-Benzoxathiole 1,1-dioxide in which both of the hydrogens at position 3 have been substituted by 4-hydroxyphenyl groups. A pH indicator changing colour from yellow below pH 6.8 to bright pink above pH 8.2, it is commonly used as an indicator in cell cultures and in home swimming pool test kits. It is also used in the (now infrequently performed) phenolsulfonphthalein (PSP) test for estimation of overall blood flow through the kidney.		2.69302,1-benzoxathiole;
arenesulfonate ester;
phenols;
sultone		acid-base indicator;
diagnostic agent;
two-colour indicator
phenoxybenzamine
Phenoxybenzamine: An alpha-adrenergic antagonist with long duration of action. It has been used to treat hypertension and as a peripheral vasodilator.		1.9310aromatic amine
phenylbutazone
Phenylbutazone: A butyl-diphenyl-pyrazolidinedione that has anti-inflammatory, antipyretic, and analgesic activities. It has been used in ANKYLOSING SPONDYLITIS; RHEUMATOID ARTHRITIS; and REACTIVE ARTHRITIS.. phenylbutazone : A member of the class of pyrazolidines that is 1,2-diphenylpyrazolidine-3,5-dione carrying a butyl group at the 4-position.		8.47344pyrazolidinesantirheumatic drug;
EC 1.1.1.184 [carbonyl reductase (NADPH)] inhibitor;
metabolite;
non-narcotic analgesic;
non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug;
peripheral nervous system drug
phthalylsulfathiazole
phthalylsulfathiazole: minor descriptor (63-86); on-line & INDEX MEDICUS search SULFATHIAZOLES (66-86); RN given refers to parent cpd. phthalylsulfathiazole : A sulfonamide incorporating 2-carboxybenzamido and 1,3-thiazol-2-yl moieties that is a broad-spectrum antibiotic indicated in the treatment of dysentery, colitis, gastroenteritis and intestinal surgery.		1.92101,3-thiazoles;
dicarboxylic acid monoamide;
sulfonamide antibiotic;
sulfonamide
moxonidine
moxonidine: structure given in first source		2.0310organohalogen compound;
pyrimidines
pioglitazone
Pioglitazone: A thiazolidinedione and PPAR GAMMA agonist that is used in the treatment of TYPE 2 DIABETES MELLITUS.. pioglitazone : A member of the class of thiazolidenediones that is 1,3-thiazolidine-2,4-dione substituted by a benzyl group at position 5 which in turn is substituted by a 2-(5-ethylpyridin-2-yl)ethoxy group at position 4 of the phenyl ring. It exhibits hypoglycemic activity.		2.0710aromatic ether;
pyridines;
thiazolidinediones		antidepressant;
cardioprotective agent;
EC 2.7.1.33 (pantothenate kinase) inhibitor;
EC 6.2.1.3 (long-chain-fatty-acid--CoA ligase) inhibitor;
ferroptosis inhibitor;
geroprotector;
hypoglycemic agent;
insulin-sensitizing drug;
PPARgamma agonist;
xenobiotic
piracetam
Piracetam: A compound suggested to be both a nootropic and a neuroprotective agent.		2.4620organonitrogen compound;
organooxygen compound
potassium chloride
Potassium Chloride: A white crystal or crystalline powder used in BUFFERS; FERTILIZERS; and EXPLOSIVES. It can be used to replenish ELECTROLYTES and restore WATER-ELECTROLYTE BALANCE in treating HYPOKALEMIA.. potassium chloride : A metal chloride salt with a K(+) counterion.		5.13111inorganic chloride;
inorganic potassium salt;
potassium salt		fertilizer
potassium iodide
Potassium Iodide: An inorganic compound that is used as a source of iodine in thyrotoxic crisis and in the preparation of thyrotoxic patients for thyroidectomy. (From Dorland, 27th ed). potassium iodide : A metal iodide salt with a K(+) counterion. It is a scavenger of hydroxyl radicals.		1.9410potassium saltexpectorant;
radical scavenger
4-aminobenzoic acid
para-Aminobenzoates: Benzoic acids, salts, or esters that contain an amino group attached to carbon number 4 of the benzene ring structure.. 4-aminobenzoate : An aromatic amino-acid anion that is the conjugate base of 4-aminobenzoic acid.		1.9710aminobenzoate;
aromatic amino-acid anion		Escherichia coli metabolite;
plant metabolite;
Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite
praziquantel
azinox: Russian drug		2.1110isoquinolines
primidone
Primidone: A barbiturate derivative that acts as a GABA modulator and anti-epileptic agent. It is partly metabolized to PHENOBARBITAL in the body and owes some of its actions to this metabolite.. primidone : A pyrimidone that is dihydropyrimidine-4,6(1H,5H)-dione substituted by an ethyl and a phenyl group at position 5. It is used as an anticonvulsant for treatment of various types of seizures.		6.78201pyrimidoneanticonvulsant;
environmental contaminant;
xenobiotic
probenecid
Probenecid: The prototypical uricosuric agent. It inhibits the renal excretion of organic anions and reduces tubular reabsorption of urate. Probenecid has also been used to treat patients with renal impairment, and, because it reduces the renal tubular excretion of other drugs, has been used as an adjunct to antibacterial therapy.. probenecid : A sulfonamide in which the nitrogen of 4-sulfamoylbenzoic acid is substituted with two propyl groups.		2.3420benzoic acids;
sulfonamide		uricosuric drug
probucol
Probucol: A drug used to lower LDL and HDL cholesterol yet has little effect on serum-triglyceride or VLDL cholesterol. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p993).. probucol : A dithioketal that is propane-2,2-dithiol in which the hydrogens attached to both sulfur atoms are replaced by 3,5-di-tert-butyl-4-hydroxyphenyl groups. An anticholesteremic drug with antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties, it is used to treat high levels of cholesterol in blood.		3.9321dithioketal;
polyphenol		anti-inflammatory drug;
anticholesteremic drug;
antilipemic drug;
antioxidant;
cardiovascular drug
procaine
Procaine: A local anesthetic of the ester type that has a slow onset and a short duration of action. It is mainly used for infiltration anesthesia, peripheral nerve block, and spinal block. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p1016).. procaine : A benzoate ester, formally the result of esterification of 4-aminobenzoic acid with 2-diethylaminoethanol but formed experimentally by reaction of ethyl 4-aminobenzoate with 2-diethylaminoethanol.		7.66282benzoate ester;
substituted aniline;
tertiary amino compound		central nervous system depressant;
drug allergen;
local anaesthetic;
peripheral nervous system drug
prochlorperazine
Prochlorperazine: A phenothiazine antipsychotic used principally in the treatment of NAUSEA; VOMITING; and VERTIGO. It is more likely than CHLORPROMAZINE to cause EXTRAPYRAMIDAL DISORDERS. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p612). prochlorperazine : A member of the class of phenothiazines that is 10H-phenothiazine having a chloro substituent at the 2-position and a 3-(4-methylpiperazin-1-yl)propyl group at the N-10 position.		2.3420N-alkylpiperazine;
N-methylpiperazine;
organochlorine compound;
phenothiazines		alpha-adrenergic antagonist;
antiemetic;
cholinergic antagonist;
dopamine receptor D2 antagonist;
dopaminergic antagonist;
EC 3.4.21.26 (prolyl oligopeptidase) inhibitor;
first generation antipsychotic
promazine
Promazine: A phenothiazine with actions similar to CHLORPROMAZINE but with less antipsychotic activity. It is primarily used in short-term treatment of disturbed behavior and as an antiemetic.. promazine : A phenothiazine deriative in which the phenothiazine tricycle has a 3-(dimethylaminopropyl) group at the N-10 position.		2.3420phenothiazines;
tertiary amine		antiemetic;
dopaminergic antagonist;
EC 3.4.21.26 (prolyl oligopeptidase) inhibitor;
H1-receptor antagonist;
muscarinic antagonist;
phenothiazine antipsychotic drug;
serotonergic antagonist
promethazine
Promethazine: A phenothiazine derivative with histamine H1-blocking, antimuscarinic, and sedative properties. It is used as an antiallergic, in pruritus, for motion sickness and sedation, and also in animals.. promethazine : A tertiary amine that is a substituted phenothiazine in which the ring nitrogen at position 10 is attached to C-3 of an N,N-dimethylpropan-2-amine moiety.		2.6330phenothiazines;
tertiary amine		anti-allergic agent;
anticoronaviral agent;
antiemetic;
antipruritic drug;
H1-receptor antagonist;
local anaesthetic;
sedative
propofol
Propofol: An intravenous anesthetic agent which has the advantage of a very rapid onset after infusion or bolus injection plus a very short recovery period of a couple of minutes. (From Smith and Reynard, Textbook of Pharmacology, 1992, 1st ed, p206). Propofol has been used as ANTICONVULSANTS and ANTIEMETICS.. propofol : A phenol resulting from the formal substitution of the hydrogen at the 2 position of 1,3-diisopropylbenzene by a hydroxy group.		4.1310phenolsanticonvulsant;
antiemetic;
intravenous anaesthetic;
radical scavenger;
sedative
propranolol
Propranolol: A widely used non-cardioselective beta-adrenergic antagonist. Propranolol has been used for MYOCARDIAL INFARCTION; ARRHYTHMIA; ANGINA PECTORIS; HYPERTENSION; HYPERTHYROIDISM; MIGRAINE; PHEOCHROMOCYTOMA; and ANXIETY but adverse effects instigate replacement by newer drugs.. propranolol : A propanolamine that is propan-2-ol substituted by a propan-2-ylamino group at position 1 and a naphthalen-1-yloxy group at position 3.		2.3620naphthalenes;
propanolamine;
secondary amine		anti-arrhythmia drug;
antihypertensive agent;
anxiolytic drug;
beta-adrenergic antagonist;
environmental contaminant;
human blood serum metabolite;
vasodilator agent;
xenobiotic
protoporphyrin ix
protoporphyrin IX: RN given refers to parent cpd; structure in Merck Index, 9th ed, #7685. protoporphyrin : A cyclic tetrapyrrole that consists of porphyrin bearing four methyl substituents at positions 3, 8, 13 and 17, two vinyl substituents at positions 7 and 12 and two 2-carboxyethyl substituents at positions 2 and 18. The parent of the class of protoporphyrins.		2.4620
proxyphylline
[no description available]		2.3920oxopurine
pyrimethamine
Maloprim: contains above 2 cpds		5.6861aminopyrimidine;
monochlorobenzenes		antimalarial;
antiprotozoal drug;
EC 1.5.1.3 (dihydrofolate reductase) inhibitor
rabeprazole
Rabeprazole: A 4-(3-methoxypropoxy)-3-methylpyridinyl derivative of timoprazole that is used in the therapy of STOMACH ULCERS and ZOLLINGER-ELLISON SYNDROME. The drug inhibits H(+)-K(+)-EXCHANGING ATPASE which is found in GASTRIC PARIETAL CELLS.		2.0410benzimidazoles;
pyridines;
sulfoxide		anti-ulcer drug;
EC 3.6.3.10 (H(+)/K(+)-exchanging ATPase) inhibitor
riluzole
Riluzole: A glutamate antagonist (RECEPTORS, GLUTAMATE) used as an anticonvulsant (ANTICONVULSANTS) and to prolong the survival of patients with AMYOTROPHIC LATERAL SCLEROSIS.		3.6420benzothiazoles
risperidone
Risperidone: A selective blocker of DOPAMINE D2 RECEPTORS and SEROTONIN 5-HT2 RECEPTORS that acts as an atypical antipsychotic agent. It has been shown to improve both positive and negative symptoms in the treatment of SCHIZOPHRENIA.. risperidone : A member of the class of pyridopyrimidines that is 2-methyl-6,7,8,9-tetrahydropyrido[1,2-a]pyrimidin-4-one carrying an additional 2-[4-(6-fluoro-1,2-benzoxazol-3-yl)piperidin-1-yl]ethyl group at position 2.		5.04401,2-benzoxazoles;
heteroarylpiperidine;
organofluorine compound;
pyridopyrimidine		alpha-adrenergic antagonist;
dopaminergic antagonist;
EC 3.4.21.26 (prolyl oligopeptidase) inhibitor;
H1-receptor antagonist;
psychotropic drug;
second generation antipsychotic;
serotonergic antagonist
2-aminopropanol
2-aminopropanol: RN given refers to cpd without isomeric designation. 2-aminopropan-1-ol : An amino alcohol that is alanine in which the carboxy group has been reduced to the corresponding alcohol.		2.0110amino alcohol;
primary alcohol;
primary amino compound
saccharin
Saccharin: Flavoring agent and non-nutritive sweetener.. saccharin : A 1,2-benzisothiazole having a keto-group at the 3-position and two oxo substituents at the 1-position. It is used as an artificial sweetening agent.		1.95101,2-benzisothiazole;
N-sulfonylcarboxamide		environmental contaminant;
sweetening agent;
xenobiotic
sulfadiazine
Sulfadiazine: One of the short-acting SULFONAMIDES used in combination with PYRIMETHAMINE to treat toxoplasmosis in patients with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome and in newborns with congenital infections.. sulfadiazine : A sulfonamide consisting of pyrimidine with a 4-aminobenzenesulfonamido group at the 2-position.. diazine : The parent structure of the diazines.		3.7621pyrimidines;
substituted aniline;
sulfonamide antibiotic;
sulfonamide		antiinfective agent;
antimicrobial agent;
antiprotozoal drug;
coccidiostat;
drug allergen;
EC 1.1.1.153 [sepiapterin reductase (L-erythro-7,8-dihydrobiopterin forming)] inhibitor;
EC 2.5.1.15 (dihydropteroate synthase) inhibitor;
environmental contaminant;
xenobiotic
iodoacetic acid
Iodoacetic Acid: A derivative of ACETIC ACID that contains one IODINE atom attached to its methyl group.. iodoacetic acid : A haloacetic acid that is acetic acid in which one of the hydrogens of the methyl group is replaced by an iodine atom.		2.0410haloacetic acid;
organoiodine compound		alkylating agent
stearic acid
octadecanoic acid : A C18 straight-chain saturated fatty acid component of many animal and vegetable lipids. As well as in the diet, it is used in hardening soaps, softening plastics and in making cosmetics, candles and plastics.		2.5720long-chain fatty acid;
saturated fatty acid;
straight-chain saturated fatty acid		algal metabolite;
Daphnia magna metabolite;
human metabolite;
plant metabolite
succinylacetone
succinylacetone: inhibitor of heme biosynthesis. 4,6-dioxoheptanoic acid : A dioxo monocarboxylic acid that is heptanoic acid in which oxo groups replace the hydrogens at positions 4 and 6. It is an abnormal metabolite of the tyrosine metabolic pathway and a marker for type 1 tyrosinaemia.		1.9610beta-diketone;
dioxo monocarboxylic acid		human metabolite
succinylsulfathiazole
succinylsulfathiazole: intestinal antimicrobial agent; structure		1.92101,3-thiazoles
sulfaguanidine
Sulfaguanidine: A sulfanilamide antimicrobial agent that is used to treat enteric infections.. sulfaguanidine : A sulfonamide incorporating a guanidine moiety used to block the synthesis of folic acid; mostly used in veterinary medicine		2.3520sulfonamide antibioticantiinfective agent
sulfamerazine
[no description available]		2.0610pyrimidines;
sulfonamide antibiotic;
sulfonamide		antiinfective agent;
drug allergen
sulfamethazine
Sulfamethazine: A sulfanilamide anti-infective agent. It has a spectrum of antimicrobial action similar to other sulfonamides.. sulfamethazine : A sulfonamide consisting of pyrimidine with methyl substituents at the 4- and 6-positions and a 4-aminobenzenesulfonamido group at the 2-position.		1.9510pyrimidines;
sulfonamide antibiotic;
sulfonamide		antibacterial drug;
antiinfective agent;
antimicrobial agent;
carcinogenic agent;
drug allergen;
EC 2.5.1.15 (dihydropteroate synthase) inhibitor;
environmental contaminant;
ligand;
xenobiotic
sulfamethizole
Sulfamethizole: A sulfathiazole antibacterial agent.. sulfamethizole : A sulfonamide consisting of a 1,3,4-thiadiazole nucleus with a methyl substituent at C-5 and a 4-aminobenzenesulfonamido group at C-2.		1.9510sulfonamide antibiotic;
sulfonamide;
thiadiazoles		antiinfective agent;
antimicrobial agent;
drug allergen;
EC 2.5.1.15 (dihydropteroate synthase) inhibitor
sulfamethoxazole
Sulfamethoxazole: A bacteriostatic antibacterial agent that interferes with folic acid synthesis in susceptible bacteria. Its broad spectrum of activity has been limited by the development of resistance. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p208). sulfamethoxazole : An isoxazole (1,2-oxazole) compound having a methyl substituent at the 5-position and a 4-aminobenzenesulfonamido group at the 3-position.		3.5690isoxazoles;
substituted aniline;
sulfonamide antibiotic;
sulfonamide		antibacterial agent;
antiinfective agent;
antimicrobial agent;
drug allergen;
EC 1.1.1.153 [sepiapterin reductase (L-erythro-7,8-dihydrobiopterin forming)] inhibitor;
EC 2.5.1.15 (dihydropteroate synthase) inhibitor;
environmental contaminant;
epitope;
P450 inhibitor;
xenobiotic
sulfamethoxypyridazine
Sulfamethoxypyridazine: A sulfanilamide antibacterial agent.. sulfamethoxypyridazine : A sulfonamide consisting of pyridazine having a methoxy substituent at the 6-position and a 4-aminobenzenesulfonamido group at the 3-position.		1.9510pyridazines;
sulfonamide antibiotic;
sulfonamide		antiinfective agent;
drug allergen;
EC 2.5.1.15 (dihydropteroate synthase) inhibitor
sulfanilamide
[no description available]		4.1550substituted aniline;
sulfonamide antibiotic;
sulfonamide		antibacterial agent;
drug allergen;
EC 4.2.1.1 (carbonic anhydrase) inhibitor
sulfapyridine
Sulfapyridine: Antibacterial, potentially toxic, used to treat certain skin diseases.. sulfapyridine : A sulfonamide consisting of pyridine with a 4-aminobenzenesulfonamido group at the 2-position.		1.9610pyridines;
substituted aniline;
sulfonamide antibiotic;
sulfonamide		antiinfective agent;
dermatologic drug;
drug allergen;
environmental contaminant;
xenobiotic
sulfaquinoxaline
Sulfaquinoxaline: An antiprotozoal agent used to combat coccidial infections of swine, cattle, fowl, and other veterinary animals. Also used in controlling outbreaks of fowl typhoid and fowl cholera and in treatment of infectious enteritis.		2.1110benzenes;
sulfonamide
sulfasalazine
Sulfasalazine: A drug that is used in the management of inflammatory bowel diseases. Its activity is generally considered to lie in its metabolic breakdown product, 5-aminosalicylic acid (see MESALAMINE) released in the colon. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p907). sulfasalazine : An azobenzene consisting of diphenyldiazene having a carboxy substituent at the 4-position, a hydroxy substituent at the 3-position and a 2-pyridylaminosulphonyl substituent at the 4'-position.		5.8371
sulfathiazole
Sulfathiazole: A sulfathiazole compound that is used as a short-acting anti-infective agent. It is no longer commonly used systemically due to its toxicity, but may still be applied topically in combination with other drugs for the treatment of vaginal and skin infections, and is still used in veterinary medicine.. sulfathiazole : A 1,3-thiazole compound having a 4-aminobenzenesulfonamido group at the 2-position.		1.93101,3-thiazoles;
substituted aniline;
sulfonamide antibiotic;
sulfonamide		antiinfective agent;
drug allergen;
EC 2.5.1.15 (dihydropteroate synthase) inhibitor;
environmental contaminant;
xenobiotic
sulfinpyrazone
Sulfinpyrazone: A uricosuric drug that is used to reduce the serum urate levels in gout therapy. It lacks anti-inflammatory, analgesic, and diuretic properties.		1.9410pyrazolidines;
sulfoxide		uricosuric drug
sulfisoxazole
Sulfisoxazole: A short-acting sulfonamide antibacterial with activity against a wide range of gram- negative and gram-positive organisms.. sulfisoxazole : A sulfonamide antibacterial with an oxazole substituent. It has antibiotic activity against a wide range of gram-negative and gram-positive organisms.		3.7330isoxazoles;
sulfonamide antibiotic;
sulfonamide		antibacterial drug;
drug allergen
sulfobromophthalein
Sulfobromophthalein: A phenolphthalein that is used as a diagnostic aid in hepatic function determination.		3.731102-benzofurans;
organobromine compound;
organosulfonic acid;
phenols		dye
suramin
Suramin: A polyanionic compound with an unknown mechanism of action. It is used parenterally in the treatment of African trypanosomiasis and it has been used clinically with diethylcarbamazine to kill the adult Onchocerca. (From AMA Drug Evaluations Annual, 1992, p1643) It has also been shown to have potent antineoplastic properties.. suramin : A member of the class of phenylureas that is urea in which each of the amino groups has been substituted by a 3-({2-methyl-5-[(4,6,8-trisulfo-1-naphthyl)carbamoyl]phenyl}carbamoyl)phenyl group. An activator of both the rabbit skeletal muscle RyR1 and sheep cardiac RyR2 isoform ryanodine receptor channels, it has been used for the treatment of human African trypanosomiasis for over 100 years.		2.2110naphthalenesulfonic acid;
phenylureas;
secondary carboxamide		angiogenesis inhibitor;
antinematodal drug;
antineoplastic agent;
apoptosis inhibitor;
EC 2.7.11.13 (protein kinase C) inhibitor;
GABA antagonist;
GABA-gated chloride channel antagonist;
purinergic receptor P2 antagonist;
ryanodine receptor agonist;
trypanocidal drug
tegafur
[no description available]		1.9710organohalogen compound;
pyrimidines
tetraethylammonium
Tetraethylammonium: A potassium-selective ion channel blocker. (From J Gen Phys 1994;104(1):173-90)		2.6230quaternary ammonium ion
krypton
Krypton: A noble gas that is found in the atmosphere. It has the atomic symbol Kr, atomic number 36, atomic weight 83.80, and has been used in electric bulbs.		1.9410monoatomic krypton;
noble gas atom;
p-block element atom
thalidomide
Thalidomide: A piperidinyl isoindole originally introduced as a non-barbiturate hypnotic, but withdrawn from the market due to teratogenic effects. It has been reintroduced and used for a number of immunological and inflammatory disorders. Thalidomide displays immunosuppressive and anti-angiogenic activity. It inhibits release of TUMOR NECROSIS FACTOR-ALPHA from monocytes, and modulates other cytokine action.. thalidomide : A racemate comprising equimolar amounts of R- and S-thalidomide.. 2-(2,6-dioxopiperidin-3-yl)-1H-isoindole-1,3(2H)-dione : A dicarboximide that is isoindole-1,3(2H)-dione in which the hydrogen attached to the nitrogen is substituted by a 2,6-dioxopiperidin-3-yl group.		1.9410phthalimides;
piperidones
thiabendazole
Tresaderm: dermatologic soln containing dexamethasone, thiabendazole & neomycin sulfate		2.66301,3-thiazoles;
benzimidazole fungicide;
benzimidazoles		antifungal agrochemical;
antinematodal drug
thioridazine
Thioridazine: A phenothiazine antipsychotic used in the management of PHYCOSES, including SCHIZOPHRENIA.. thioridazine : A phenothiazine derivative having a methylsulfanyl subsitituent at the 2-position and a (1-methylpiperidin-2-yl)ethyl] group at the N-10 position.		2.3520phenothiazines;
piperidines		alpha-adrenergic antagonist;
dopaminergic antagonist;
EC 1.8.1.12 (trypanothione-disulfide reductase) inhibitor;
EC 3.4.21.26 (prolyl oligopeptidase) inhibitor;
first generation antipsychotic;
H1-receptor antagonist;
serotonergic antagonist
thiotepa
Thiotepa: A very toxic alkylating antineoplastic agent also used as an insect sterilant. It causes skin, gastrointestinal, CNS, and bone marrow damage. According to the Fourth Annual Report on Carcinogens (NTP 85-002, 1985), thiotepa may reasonably be anticipated to be a carcinogen (Merck Index, 11th ed).		2.8540aziridines
ticlopidine
Ticlopidine: An effective inhibitor of platelet aggregation commonly used in the placement of STENTS in CORONARY ARTERIES.. ticlopidine : A thienopyridine that is 4,5,6,7-tetrahydrothieno[3,2-c]pyridine in which the hydrogen attached to the nitrogen is replaced by an o-chlorobenzyl group.		4.0640monochlorobenzenes;
thienopyridine		anticoagulant;
fibrin modulating drug;
hematologic agent;
P2Y12 receptor antagonist;
platelet aggregation inhibitor
tiopronin
Tiopronin: Sulfhydryl acylated derivative of GLYCINE.		3.7421N-acyl-amino acid
tolazoline
Tolazoline: A vasodilator that apparently has direct actions on blood vessels and also increases cardiac output. Tolazoline can interact to some degree with histamine, adrenergic, and cholinergic receptors, but the mechanisms of its therapeutic effects are not clear. It is used in treatment of persistent pulmonary hypertension of the newborn.. tolazoline : A member of the class of imidazoles that is 4,5-dihydro-1H-imidazole substituted by a benzyl group.		1.9510imidazolesalpha-adrenergic antagonist;
antihypertensive agent;
vasodilator agent
tolbutamide
Tolbutamide: A sulphonylurea hypoglycemic agent with actions and uses similar to those of CHLORPROPAMIDE. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p290). tolbutamide : An N-sulfonylurea that consists of 1-butylurea having a tosyl group attached at the 3-position.		3.7321N-sulfonylureahuman metabolite;
hypoglycemic agent;
insulin secretagogue;
potassium channel blocker
triamterene
Triamterene: A pteridinetriamine compound that inhibits SODIUM reabsorption through SODIUM CHANNELS in renal EPITHELIAL CELLS.. triamterene : Pteridine substituted at positions 2, 4 and 7 with amino groups and at position 6 with a phenyl group. A sodium channel blocker, it is used as a diuretic in the treatment of hypertension and oedema.		3.7530pteridinesdiuretic;
sodium channel blocker
triazolam
Triazolam: A short-acting benzodiazepine used in the treatment of insomnia. Some countries temporarily withdrew triazolam from the market because of concerns about adverse reactions, mostly psychological, associated with higher dose ranges. Its use at lower doses with appropriate care and labeling has been reaffirmed by the FDA and most other countries.		4.4851triazolobenzodiazepinesedative
bromoform
bromoform: structure		1.9810bromohydrocarbon;
bromomethanes
triclosan
[no description available]		1.9310aromatic ether;
dichlorobenzene;
monochlorobenzenes;
phenols		antibacterial agent;
antimalarial;
drug allergen;
EC 1.3.1.9 [enoyl-[acyl-carrier-protein] reductase (NADH)] inhibitor;
EC 1.5.1.3 (dihydrofolate reductase) inhibitor;
fungicide;
persistent organic pollutant;
xenobiotic
trifluoperazine
[no description available]		1.9410N-alkylpiperazine;
N-methylpiperazine;
organofluorine compound;
phenothiazines		antiemetic;
calmodulin antagonist;
dopaminergic antagonist;
EC 1.8.1.12 (trypanothione-disulfide reductase) inhibitor;
EC 5.3.3.5 (cholestenol Delta-isomerase) inhibitor;
phenothiazine antipsychotic drug
trimethoprim
Trimethoprim: A pyrimidine inhibitor of dihydrofolate reductase, it is an antibacterial related to PYRIMETHAMINE. It is potentiated by SULFONAMIDES and the TRIMETHOPRIM, SULFAMETHOXAZOLE DRUG COMBINATION is the form most often used. It is sometimes used alone as an antimalarial. TRIMETHOPRIM RESISTANCE has been reported.. trimethoprim : An aminopyrimidine antibiotic whose structure consists of pyrimidine 2,4-diamine and 1,2,3-trimethoxybenzene moieties linked by a methylene bridge.		5.07140aminopyrimidine;
methoxybenzenes		antibacterial drug;
diuretic;
drug allergen;
EC 1.5.1.3 (dihydrofolate reductase) inhibitor;
environmental contaminant;
xenobiotic
tripelennamine
Tripelennamine: A histamine H1 antagonist with low sedative action but frequent gastrointestinal irritation. It is used to treat ASTHMA; HAY FEVER; URTICARIA; and RHINITIS; and also in veterinary applications. Tripelennamine is administered by various routes, including topically.		1.9310aromatic amine
tyramine
[no description available]		1.9410monoamine molecular messenger;
primary amino compound;
tyramines		EC 3.1.1.8 (cholinesterase) inhibitor;
Escherichia coli metabolite;
human metabolite;
mouse metabolite;
neurotransmitter
urethane
[no description available]		2.3620carbamate esterfungal metabolite;
mutagen
vigabatrin
[no description available]		2.7530gamma-amino acidanticonvulsant;
EC 2.6.1.19 (4-aminobutyrate--2-oxoglutarate transaminase) inhibitor
zinc chloride
zinc chloride: RN given refers to parent cpd. zinc dichloride : A compound of zinc and chloride ions in the ratio 1:2. It exists in four crystalline forms, in each of which the Zn(2+) ions are trigonal planar coordinated to four chloride ions.		2.0510inorganic chloride;
zinc molecular entity		astringent;
disinfectant;
EC 5.3.3.5 (cholestenol Delta-isomerase) inhibitor;
Lewis acid
mitomycin
Mitomycin: An antineoplastic antibiotic produced by Streptomyces caespitosus. It is one of the bi- or tri-functional ALKYLATING AGENTS causing cross-linking of DNA and inhibition of DNA synthesis.. mitomycin : A family of aziridine-containing natural products isolated from Streptomyces caespitosus or Streptomyces lavendulae.		1.9410mitomycinalkylating agent;
antineoplastic agent
corticosterone
[no description available]		2.071011beta-hydroxy steroid;
20-oxo steroid;
21-hydroxy steroid;
3-oxo-Delta(4) steroid;
C21-steroid;
glucocorticoid;
primary alpha-hydroxy ketone		human metabolite;
mouse metabolite
prednisolone
Prednisolone: A glucocorticoid with the general properties of the corticosteroids. It is the drug of choice for all conditions in which routine systemic corticosteroid therapy is indicated, except adrenal deficiency states.. prednisolone : A glucocorticoid that is prednisone in which the oxo group at position 11 has been reduced to the corresponding beta-hydroxy group. It is a drug metabolite of prednisone.		9.5154311beta-hydroxy steroid;
17alpha-hydroxy steroid;
20-oxo steroid;
21-hydroxy steroid;
3-oxo-Delta(1),Delta(4)-steroid;
C21-steroid;
glucocorticoid;
primary alpha-hydroxy ketone;
tertiary alpha-hydroxy ketone		adrenergic agent;
anti-inflammatory drug;
antineoplastic agent;
drug metabolite;
environmental contaminant;
immunosuppressive agent;
xenobiotic
estriol
hormonin: estrogen replacement; each tablet contains 600 ug micronized 17beta-estradiol, 270 ug estriol and 1.4 mg estrone. chlorapatite : A phosphate mineral with the formula Ca5(PO4)3Cl.		4.963116alpha-hydroxy steroid;
17beta-hydroxy steroid;
3-hydroxy steroid		estrogen;
human metabolite;
human xenobiotic metabolite;
mouse metabolite
lysergic acid diethylamide
Lysergic Acid Diethylamide: Semisynthetic derivative of ergot (Claviceps purpurea). It has complex effects on serotonergic systems including antagonism at some peripheral serotonin receptors, both agonist and antagonist actions at central nervous system serotonin receptors, and possibly effects on serotonin turnover. It is a potent hallucinogen, but the mechanisms of that effect are not well understood.. lysergic acid diethylamide : An ergoline alkaloid arising from formal condensation of lysergic acid with diethylamine.		1.9310ergoline alkaloid;
monocarboxylic acid amide;
organic heterotetracyclic compound		dopamine agonist;
hallucinogen;
serotonergic agonist
reserpine
Reserpine: An alkaloid found in the roots of Rauwolfia serpentina and R. vomitoria. Reserpine inhibits the uptake of norepinephrine into storage vesicles resulting in depletion of catecholamines and serotonin from central and peripheral axon terminals. It has been used as an antihypertensive and an antipsychotic as well as a research tool, but its adverse effects limit its clinical use.. reserpine : An alkaloid found in the roots of Rauwolfia serpentina and R. vomitoria.		5.29180alkaloid ester;
methyl ester;
yohimban alkaloid		adrenergic uptake inhibitor;
antihypertensive agent;
EC 3.4.21.26 (prolyl oligopeptidase) inhibitor;
environmental contaminant;
first generation antipsychotic;
plant metabolite;
xenobiotic
phentolamine
Phentolamine: A nonselective alpha-adrenergic antagonist. It is used in the treatment of hypertension and hypertensive emergencies, pheochromocytoma, vasospasm of RAYNAUD DISEASE and frostbite, clonidine withdrawal syndrome, impotence, and peripheral vascular disease.. phentolamine : A substituted aniline that is 3-aminophenol in which the hydrogens of the amino group are replaced by 4-methylphenyl and 4,5-dihydro-1H-imidazol-2-ylmethyl groups respectively. An alpha-adrenergic antagonist, it is used for the treatment of hypertension.		1.9410imidazoles;
phenols;
substituted aniline;
tertiary amino compound		alpha-adrenergic antagonist;
vasodilator agent
sorbitol
D-glucitol : The D-enantiomer of glucitol (also known as D-sorbitol).		11.53270glucitolcathartic;
Escherichia coli metabolite;
food humectant;
human metabolite;
laxative;
metabolite;
mouse metabolite;
Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite;
sweetening agent
alloxan
Alloxan: Acidic compound formed by oxidation of URIC ACID. It is isolated as an efflorescent crystalline hydrate.. alloxan : A member of the class of pyrimidones, the structure of which is that of perhydropyrimidine substituted at C-2, -4, -5 and -6 by oxo groups.		1.9310pyrimidonehyperglycemic agent;
metabolite
thymidine
[no description available]		10.71723pyrimidine 2'-deoxyribonucleosideEscherichia coli metabolite;
human metabolite;
metabolite;
mouse metabolite
floxuridine
Floxuridine: An antineoplastic antimetabolite that is metabolized to fluorouracil when administered by rapid injection; when administered by slow, continuous, intra-arterial infusion, it is converted to floxuridine monophosphate. It has been used to treat hepatic metastases of gastrointestinal adenocarcinomas and for palliation in malignant neoplasms of the liver and gastrointestinal tract.. floxuridine : A pyrimidine 2'-deoxyribonucleoside compound having 5-fluorouracil as the nucleobase; used to treat hepatic metastases of gastrointestinal adenocarcinomas and for palliation in malignant neoplasms of the liver and gastrointestinal tract.		3.7330nucleoside analogue;
organofluorine compound;
pyrimidine 2'-deoxyribonucleoside		antimetabolite;
antineoplastic agent;
antiviral drug;
radiosensitizing agent
benzimidazole
1H-benzimidazole : The 1H-tautomer of benzimidazole.		3.0450benzimidazole;
polycyclic heteroarene
hydroxyproline
Hydroxyproline: A hydroxylated form of the imino acid proline. A deficiency in ASCORBIC ACID can result in impaired hydroxyproline formation.. hydroxyproline : A proline derivative that is proline substituted by at least one hydroxy group.		2.46204-hydroxyproline;
L-alpha-amino acid zwitterion		human metabolite;
mouse metabolite;
plant metabolite
thyroxine
Thyroxine: The major hormone derived from the thyroid gland. Thyroxine is synthesized via the iodination of tyrosines (MONOIODOTYROSINE) and the coupling of iodotyrosines (DIIODOTYROSINE) in the THYROGLOBULIN. Thyroxine is released from thyroglobulin by proteolysis and secreted into the blood. Thyroxine is peripherally deiodinated to form TRIIODOTHYRONINE which exerts a broad spectrum of stimulatory effects on cell metabolism.. thyroxine : An iodothyronine compound having iodo substituents at the 3-, 3'-, 5- and 5'-positions.		13.925922-halophenol;
iodophenol;
L-phenylalanine derivative;
non-proteinogenic L-alpha-amino acid;
thyroxine zwitterion;
thyroxine		antithyroid drug;
human metabolite;
mouse metabolite;
thyroid hormone
dibenzylchlorethamine
Dibenzylchlorethamine: An alpha adrenergic antagonist.		1.9210
dextroamphetamine
Dextroamphetamine: The d-form of AMPHETAMINE. It is a central nervous system stimulant and a sympathomimetic. It has also been used in the treatment of narcolepsy and of attention deficit disorders and hyperactivity in children. Dextroamphetamine has multiple mechanisms of action including blocking uptake of adrenergics and dopamine, stimulating release of monamines, and inhibiting monoamine oxidase. It is also a drug of abuse and a psychotomimetic.. (S)-amphetamine : A 1-phenylpropan-2-amine that has S configuration.		3.05101-phenylpropan-2-amineadrenergic agent;
adrenergic uptake inhibitor;
dopamine uptake inhibitor;
dopaminergic agent;
neurotoxin;
sympathomimetic agent
carbachol
Carbachol: A slowly hydrolyzed CHOLINERGIC AGONIST that acts at both MUSCARINIC RECEPTORS and NICOTINIC RECEPTORS.		4.91120ammonium salt;
carbamate ester		cardiotonic drug;
miotic;
muscarinic agonist;
nicotinic acetylcholine receptor agonist;
non-narcotic analgesic
spironolactone
Spironolactone: A potassium sparing diuretic that acts by antagonism of aldosterone in the distal renal tubules. It is used mainly in the treatment of refractory edema in patients with congestive heart failure, nephrotic syndrome, or hepatic cirrhosis. Its effects on the endocrine system are utilized in the treatments of hirsutism and acne but they can lead to adverse effects. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p827). spironolactone : A steroid lactone that is 17alpha-pregn-4-ene-21,17-carbolactone substituted by an oxo group at position 3 and an alpha-acetylsulfanyl group at position 7.		2.64303-oxo-Delta(4) steroid;
oxaspiro compound;
steroid lactone;
thioester		aldosterone antagonist;
antihypertensive agent;
diuretic;
environmental contaminant;
xenobiotic
aldosterone
[no description available]		4.435111beta-hydroxy steroid;
18-oxo steroid;
20-oxo steroid;
21-hydroxy steroid;
3-oxo-Delta(4) steroid;
C21-steroid hormone;
mineralocorticoid;
primary alpha-hydroxy ketone;
steroid aldehyde		human metabolite;
mouse metabolite
penicillamine
Penicillamine: 3-Mercapto-D-valine. The most characteristic degradation product of the penicillin antibiotics. It is used as an antirheumatic and as a chelating agent in Wilson's disease.. penicillamine : An alpha-amino acid having the structure of valine substituted at the beta position with a sulfanyl group.		4.8260non-proteinogenic alpha-amino acid;
penicillamine		antirheumatic drug;
chelator;
copper chelator;
drug allergen
prednisone
Prednisone: A synthetic anti-inflammatory glucocorticoid derived from CORTISONE. It is biologically inert and converted to PREDNISOLONE in the liver.. prednisone : A synthetic glucocorticoid drug that is particularly effective as an immunosuppressant, and affects virtually all of the immune system. Prednisone is a prodrug that is converted by the liver into prednisolone (a beta-hydroxy group instead of the oxo group at position 11), which is the active drug and also a steroid.		9.0468211-oxo steroid;
17alpha-hydroxy steroid;
20-oxo steroid;
21-hydroxy steroid;
3-oxo-Delta(1),Delta(4)-steroid;
C21-steroid;
glucocorticoid;
primary alpha-hydroxy ketone;
tertiary alpha-hydroxy ketone		adrenergic agent;
anti-inflammatory drug;
antineoplastic agent;
immunosuppressive agent;
prodrug
fluprednisolone
Fluprednisolone: A synthetic glucocorticoid with anti-inflammatory properties.		2.3420fluorinated steroid
androsterone
[no description available]		1.931017-oxo steroid;
3alpha-hydroxy steroid;
androstanoid;
C19-steroid		androgen;
anticonvulsant;
human blood serum metabolite;
human metabolite;
human urinary metabolite;
mouse metabolite;
pheromone
dehydroepiandrosterone
Dehydroepiandrosterone: A major C19 steroid produced by the ADRENAL CORTEX. It is also produced in small quantities in the TESTIS and the OVARY. Dehydroepiandrosterone (DHEA) can be converted to TESTOSTERONE; ANDROSTENEDIONE; ESTRADIOL; and ESTRONE. Most of DHEA is sulfated (DEHYDROEPIANDROSTERONE SULFATE) before secretion.. dehydroepiandrosterone : An androstanoid that is androst-5-ene substituted by a beta-hydroxy group at position 3 and an oxo group at position 17. It is a naturally occurring steroid hormone produced by the adrenal glands.		2.111017-oxo steroid;
3beta-hydroxy-Delta(5)-steroid;
androstanoid		androgen;
human metabolite;
mouse metabolite
2-acetylaminofluorene
2-Acetylaminofluorene: A hepatic carcinogen whose mechanism of activation involves N-hydroxylation to the aryl hydroxamic acid followed by enzymatic sulfonation to sulfoxyfluorenylacetamide. It is used to study the carcinogenicity and mutagenicity of aromatic amines.		2.37202-acetamidofluorenesantimitotic;
carcinogenic agent;
epitope;
mutagen
adrenochrome
Adrenochrome: Pigment obtained by the oxidation of epinephrine.		1.9310indoles
penicillin g
Penicillin G: A penicillin derivative commonly used in the form of its sodium or potassium salts in the treatment of a variety of infections. It is effective against most gram-positive bacteria and against gram-negative cocci. It has also been used as an experimental convulsant because of its actions on GAMMA-AMINOBUTYRIC ACID mediated synaptic transmission.. benzylpenicillin : A penicillin in which the substituent at position 6 of the penam ring is a phenylacetamido group.		4.360penicillin allergen;
penicillin		antibacterial drug;
drug allergen;
epitope
pilocarpine
Pilocarpine: A slowly hydrolyzed muscarinic agonist with no nicotinic effects. Pilocarpine is used as a miotic and in the treatment of glaucoma.. (+)-pilocarpine : The (+)-enantiomer of pilocarpine.		4.3322pilocarpineantiglaucoma drug
pentylenetetrazole
Pentylenetetrazole: A pharmaceutical agent that displays activity as a central nervous system and respiratory stimulant. It is considered a non-competitive GAMMA-AMINOBUTYRIC ACID antagonist. Pentylenetetrazole has been used experimentally to study seizure phenomenon and to identify pharmaceuticals that may control seizure susceptibility.. pentetrazol : An organic heterobicyclic compound that is 1H-tetrazole in which the hydrogens at positions 1 and 5 are replaced by a pentane-1,5-diyl group. A central and respiratory stimulant, it was formerly used for the treatment of cough and other respiratory tract disorders, cardiovascular disorders including hypotension, and pruritis.		2.7620organic heterobicyclic compound;
organonitrogen heterocyclic compound
triiodothyronine
Triiodothyronine: A T3 thyroid hormone normally synthesized and secreted by the thyroid gland in much smaller quantities than thyroxine (T4). Most T3 is derived from peripheral monodeiodination of T4 at the 5' position of the outer ring of the iodothyronine nucleus. The hormone finally delivered and used by the tissues is mainly T3.. 3,3',5-triiodo-L-thyronine : An iodothyronine compound having iodo substituents at the 3-, 3'- and 5-positions. Although some is produced in the thyroid, most of the 3,3',5-triiodo-L-thyronine in the body is generated by mono-deiodination of L-thyroxine in the peripheral tissues. Its metabolic activity is about 3 to 5 times that of L-thyroxine. The sodium salt is used in the treatment of hypothyroidism.		4.041502-halophenol;
amino acid zwitterion;
iodophenol;
iodothyronine		human metabolite;
mouse metabolite;
thyroid hormone
diethylnitrosamine
Diethylnitrosamine: A nitrosamine derivative with alkylating, carcinogenic, and mutagenic properties.. N-nitrosodiethylamine : A nitrosamine that is N-ethylethanamine substituted by a nitroso group at the N-atom.		2.3620nitrosaminecarcinogenic agent;
hepatotoxic agent;
mutagen
isoflurophate
Isoflurophate: A di-isopropyl-fluorophosphate which is an irreversible cholinesterase inhibitor used to investigate the NERVOUS SYSTEM.		1.9310dialkyl phosphate
biguanides
Biguanides: Derivatives of biguanide (the structure formula HN(C(NH)NH2)2) that are primarily used as oral HYPOGLYCEMIC AGENTS for the treatment of DIABETES MELLITUS, TYPE 2 and PREDIABETES.. biguanides : A class of oral hypoglycemic drugs used for diabetes mellitus or prediabetes treatment. They have a structure based on the 2-carbamimidoylguanidine skeleton.		5.43120guanidines
carbon tetrachloride
Carbon Tetrachloride: A solvent for oils, fats, lacquers, varnishes, rubber waxes, and resins, and a starting material in the manufacturing of organic compounds. Poisoning by inhalation, ingestion or skin absorption is possible and may be fatal. (Merck Index, 11th ed). tetrachloromethane : A chlorocarbon that is methane in which all the hydrogens have been replaced by chloro groups.		9.74320chlorocarbon;
chloromethanes		hepatotoxic agent;
refrigerant
alanine
Alanine: A non-essential amino acid that occurs in high levels in its free state in plasma. It is produced from pyruvate by transamination. It is involved in sugar and acid metabolism, increases IMMUNITY, and provides energy for muscle tissue, BRAIN, and the CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM.. alanine : An alpha-amino acid that consists of propionic acid bearing an amino substituent at position 2.		4.76100alanine zwitterion;
alanine;
L-alpha-amino acid;
proteinogenic amino acid;
pyruvate family amino acid		EC 4.3.1.15 (diaminopropionate ammonia-lyase) inhibitor;
fundamental metabolite
serine
Serine: A non-essential amino acid occurring in natural form as the L-isomer. It is synthesized from GLYCINE or THREONINE. It is involved in the biosynthesis of PURINES; PYRIMIDINES; and other amino acids.. serine : An alpha-amino acid that is alanine substituted at position 3 by a hydroxy group.		15.54462L-alpha-amino acid;
proteinogenic amino acid;
serine family amino acid;
serine zwitterion;
serine		algal metabolite;
Escherichia coli metabolite;
human metabolite;
mouse metabolite;
Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite
chloramphenicol
Amphenicol: Chloramphenicol and its derivatives.		4.89370C-nitro compound;
carboxamide;
diol;
organochlorine compound		antibacterial drug;
antimicrobial agent;
Escherichia coli metabolite;
geroprotector;
Mycoplasma genitalium metabolite;
protein synthesis inhibitor
aspartic acid
Aspartic Acid: One of the non-essential amino acids commonly occurring in the L-form. It is found in animals and plants, especially in sugar cane and sugar beets. It may be a neurotransmitter.. aspartic acid : An alpha-amino acid that consists of succinic acid bearing a single alpha-amino substituent. L-aspartic acid : The L-enantiomer of aspartic acid.		4.63280aspartate family amino acid;
aspartic acid;
L-alpha-amino acid;
proteinogenic amino acid		Escherichia coli metabolite;
mouse metabolite;
neurotransmitter
glutamine
Glutamine: A non-essential amino acid present abundantly throughout the body and is involved in many metabolic processes. It is synthesized from GLUTAMIC ACID and AMMONIA. It is the principal carrier of NITROGEN in the body and is an important energy source for many cells.. L-glutamine : An optically active form of glutamine having L-configuration.. glutamine : An alpha-amino acid that consists of butyric acid bearing an amino substituent at position 2 and a carbamoyl substituent at position 4.		5.3131amino acid zwitterion;
glutamine family amino acid;
glutamine;
L-alpha-amino acid;
polar amino acid zwitterion;
proteinogenic amino acid		EC 1.14.13.39 (nitric oxide synthase) inhibitor;
Escherichia coli metabolite;
human metabolite;
metabolite;
micronutrient;
mouse metabolite;
nutraceutical;
Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite
lysine
Lysine: An essential amino acid. It is often added to animal feed.. lysine : A diamino acid that is caproic (hexanoic) acid bearing two amino substituents at positions 2 and 6.. L-lysine : An L-alpha-amino acid; the L-isomer of lysine.		10.26412aspartate family amino acid;
L-alpha-amino acid zwitterion;
L-alpha-amino acid;
lysine;
organic molecular entity;
proteinogenic amino acid		algal metabolite;
anticonvulsant;
Escherichia coli metabolite;
human metabolite;
micronutrient;
mouse metabolite;
nutraceutical;
plant metabolite;
Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite
cyanides
Cyanides: Inorganic salts of HYDROGEN CYANIDE containing the -CN radical. The concept also includes isocyanides. It is distinguished from NITRILES, which denotes organic compounds containing the -CN radical.. cyanides : Salts and C-organyl derivatives of hydrogen cyanide, HC#N.. isocyanide : The isomer HN(+)#C(-) of hydrocyanic acid, HC#N, and its hydrocarbyl derivatives RNC (RN(+)#C(-)).. cyanide : A pseudohalide anion that is the conjugate base of hydrogen cyanide.		10.621711pseudohalide anionEC 1.9.3.1 (cytochrome c oxidase) inhibitor
sucrose
Saccharum: A plant genus of the family POACEAE widely cultivated in the tropics for the sweet cane that is processed into sugar.		6.18260glycosyl glycosidealgal metabolite;
Escherichia coli metabolite;
human metabolite;
mouse metabolite;
osmolyte;
Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite;
sweetening agent
ethinyl estradiol
Ethinyl Estradiol: A semisynthetic alkylated ESTRADIOL with a 17-alpha-ethinyl substitution. It has high estrogenic potency when administered orally, and is often used as the estrogenic component in ORAL CONTRACEPTIVES.. 17alpha-ethynylestradiol : A 3-hydroxy steroid that is estradiol substituted by a ethynyl group at position 17. It is a xenoestrogen synthesized from estradiol and has been shown to exhibit high estrogenic potency on oral administration.		6.639217-hydroxy steroid;
3-hydroxy steroid;
terminal acetylenic compound		xenoestrogen
aminopyrine
Aminopyrine: A pyrazolone with analgesic, anti-inflammatory, and antipyretic properties but has risk of AGRANULOCYTOSIS. A breath test with 13C-labeled aminopyrine has been used as a non-invasive measure of CYTOCHROME P-450 metabolic activity in LIVER FUNCTION TESTS.. aminophenazone : A pyrazolone that is 1,2-dihydro-3H-pyrazol-3-one substituted by a dimethylamino group at position 4, methyl groups at positions 1 and 5 and a phenyl group at position 2. It exhibits analgesic, anti-inflammatory, and antipyretic properties.		7.91362pyrazolone;
tertiary amino compound		antipyretic;
environmental contaminant;
non-narcotic analgesic;
non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug;
xenobiotic
methyltestosterone
Methyltestosterone: A synthetic hormone used for androgen replacement therapy and as an hormonal antineoplastic agent (ANTINEOPLASTIC AGENTS, HORMONAL).. methyltestosterone : A 17beta-hydroxy steroid that is testosterone bearing a methyl group at the 17alpha position.		2.633017beta-hydroxy steroid;
3-oxo-Delta(4) steroid;
enone		anabolic agent;
androgen;
antineoplastic agent
tetrabenazine
9,10-dimethoxy-3-isobutyl-1,3,4,6,7,11b-hexahydro-2H-pyrido[2,1-a]isoquinolin-2-one : A benzoquinolizine that is 1,2,3,4,4a,9,10,10a-octahydrophenanthrene in which the carbon at position 10a is replaced by a nitrogen and which is substituted by an isobutyl group at position 2, an oxo group at position 3, and methoxy groups at positions 6 and 7.		3.0410benzoquinolizine;
cyclic ketone;
tertiary amino compound
adenosine diphosphate
Adenosine Diphosphate: Adenosine 5'-(trihydrogen diphosphate). An adenine nucleotide containing two phosphate groups esterified to the sugar moiety at the 5'-position.		3.85120adenosine 5'-phosphate;
purine ribonucleoside 5'-diphosphate		fundamental metabolite;
human metabolite
cephalothin
Cephalothin: A cephalosporin antibiotic.. cefalotin : A semisynthetic, first-generation cephalosporin antibiotic with acetoxymethyl and (2-thienylacetyl)nitrilo moieties at positions 3 and 7, respectively, of the core structure. Administered parenterally during surgery and to treat a wide spectrum of blood infections.		1.9510azabicycloalkene;
beta-lactam antibiotic allergen;
carboxylic acid;
cephalosporin;
semisynthetic derivative;
thiophenes		antibacterial drug;
antimicrobial agent
uridine
[no description available]		10.75290uridinesdrug metabolite;
fundamental metabolite;
human metabolite
uridine monophosphate
Uridine Monophosphate: 5'-Uridylic acid. A uracil nucleotide containing one phosphate group esterified to the sugar moiety in the 2', 3' or 5' position.. uridine 5'-monophosphate : A pyrimidine ribonucleoside 5'-monophosphate having uracil as the nucleobase.		5.1131pyrimidine ribonucleoside 5'-monophosphate;
uridine 5'-phosphate		Escherichia coli metabolite;
human metabolite;
mouse metabolite
kanamycin a
Kanamycin: Antibiotic complex produced by Streptomyces kanamyceticus from Japanese soil. Comprises 3 components: kanamycin A, the major component, and kanamycins B and C, the minor components.. kanamycin : Kanamycin is a naturally occurring antibiotic complex from Streptomyces kanamyceticus that consists of several components: kanamycin A, the major component (also usually designated as kanamycin), and kanamycins B, C, D and X the minor components.		4.1450kanamycinsbacterial metabolite
bromodeoxyuridine
Bromodeoxyuridine: A nucleoside that substitutes for thymidine in DNA and thus acts as an antimetabolite. It causes breaks in chromosomes and has been proposed as an antiviral and antineoplastic agent. It has been given orphan drug status for use in the treatment of primary brain tumors.		210pyrimidine 2'-deoxyribonucleosideantimetabolite;
antineoplastic agent
galactose
galactopyranose : The pyranose form of galactose.		10.35110D-galactose;
galactopyranose		Escherichia coli metabolite;
mouse metabolite
carbostyril
Quinolones: A group of derivatives of naphthyridine carboxylic acid, quinoline carboxylic acid, or NALIDIXIC ACID.. quinolin-2(1H)-one : A quinolone that is 1,2-dihydroquinoline substituted by an oxo group at position 2.		2.9140monohydroxyquinoline;
quinolone		bacterial xenobiotic metabolite
levodopa
Levodopa: The naturally occurring form of DIHYDROXYPHENYLALANINE and the immediate precursor of DOPAMINE. Unlike dopamine itself, it can be taken orally and crosses the blood-brain barrier. It is rapidly taken up by dopaminergic neurons and converted to DOPAMINE. It is used for the treatment of PARKINSONIAN DISORDERS and is usually given with agents that inhibit its conversion to dopamine outside of the central nervous system.. L-dopa : An optically active form of dopa having L-configuration. Used to treat the stiffness, tremors, spasms, and poor muscle control of Parkinson's disease		12.913910amino acid zwitterion;
dopa;
L-tyrosine derivative;
non-proteinogenic L-alpha-amino acid		allelochemical;
antidyskinesia agent;
antiparkinson drug;
dopaminergic agent;
hapten;
human metabolite;
mouse metabolite;
neurotoxin;
plant growth retardant;
plant metabolite;
prodrug
edetic acid
Edetic Acid: A chelating agent that sequesters a variety of polyvalent cations such as CALCIUM. It is used in pharmaceutical manufacturing and as a food additive.		8.29860ethylenediamine derivative;
polyamino carboxylic acid;
tetracarboxylic acid		anticoagulant;
antidote;
chelator;
copper chelator;
geroprotector
p-dimethylaminoazobenzene
p-Dimethylaminoazobenzene: A reagent used mainly to induce experimental liver cancer. According to the Fourth Annual Report on Carcinogens (NTP 85-002, p. 89) published in 1985, this compound may reasonably be anticipated to be a carcinogen. (Merck, 11th ed)		2.8640azobenzenes
tyrosine
Tyrosine: A non-essential amino acid. In animals it is synthesized from PHENYLALANINE. It is also the precursor of EPINEPHRINE; THYROID HORMONES; and melanin.. tyrosine : An alpha-amino acid that is phenylalanine bearing a hydroxy substituent at position 4 on the phenyl ring.		5.87190amino acid zwitterion;
erythrose 4-phosphate/phosphoenolpyruvate family amino acid;
L-alpha-amino acid;
proteinogenic amino acid;
tyrosine		EC 1.3.1.43 (arogenate dehydrogenase) inhibitor;
fundamental metabolite;
micronutrient;
nutraceutical
cysteamine
Cysteamine: A mercaptoethylamine compound that is endogenously derived from the COENZYME A degradative pathway. The fact that cysteamine is readily transported into LYSOSOMES where it reacts with CYSTINE to form cysteine-cysteamine disulfide and CYSTEINE has led to its use in CYSTINE DEPLETING AGENTS for the treatment of CYSTINOSIS.. cysteamine : An amine that consists of an ethane skeleton substituted with a thiol group at C-1 and an amino group at C-2.		2.3520amine;
thiol		geroprotector;
human metabolite;
mouse metabolite;
radiation protective agent
phlorhizin
[no description available]		1.9510aryl beta-D-glucoside;
dihydrochalcones;
monosaccharide derivative		antioxidant;
plant metabolite
adenosine monophosphate
Adenosine Monophosphate: Adenine nucleotide containing one phosphate group esterified to the sugar moiety in the 2'-, 3'-, or 5'-position.		4.93120adenosine 5'-phosphate;
purine ribonucleoside 5'-monophosphate		adenosine A1 receptor agonist;
cofactor;
EC 3.1.3.1 (alkaline phosphatase) inhibitor;
EC 3.1.3.11 (fructose-bisphosphatase) inhibitor;
fundamental metabolite;
micronutrient;
nutraceutical
methicillin
Methicillin: One of the PENICILLINS which is resistant to PENICILLINASE but susceptible to a penicillin-binding protein. It is inactivated by gastric acid so administered by injection.. methicillin : A penicillin that is 6-aminopenicillanic acid in which one of the amino hydrogens is replaced by a 2,6-dimethoxybenzoyl group.		2.3520penicillin allergen;
penicillin		antibacterial drug
methylene blue
Methylene Blue: A compound consisting of dark green crystals or crystalline powder, having a bronze-like luster. Solutions in water or alcohol have a deep blue color. Methylene blue is used as a bacteriologic stain and as an indicator. It inhibits GUANYLATE CYCLASE, and has been used to treat cyanide poisoning and to lower levels of METHEMOGLOBIN.. methylene blue : An organic chloride salt having 3,7-bis(dimethylamino)phenothiazin-5-ium as the counterion. A commonly used dye that also exhibits antioxidant, antimalarial, antidepressant and cardioprotective properties.		4.4470organic chloride saltacid-base indicator;
antidepressant;
antimalarial;
antimicrobial agent;
antioxidant;
cardioprotective agent;
EC 1.4.3.4 (monoamine oxidase) inhibitor;
EC 3.1.1.8 (cholinesterase) inhibitor;
EC 4.6.1.2 (guanylate cyclase) inhibitor;
fluorochrome;
histological dye;
neuroprotective agent;
physical tracer
leucine
Leucine: An essential branched-chain amino acid important for hemoglobin formation.. leucine : A branched-chain amino acid that consists of glycine in which one of the hydrogens attached to the alpha-carbon is substituted by an isobutyl group.		8.37401amino acid zwitterion;
L-alpha-amino acid;
leucine;
proteinogenic amino acid;
pyruvate family amino acid		algal metabolite;
Escherichia coli metabolite;
human metabolite;
mouse metabolite;
plant metabolite;
Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite
aniline
[no description available]		1.9310anilines;
primary arylamine
dimethylnitrosamine
Dimethylnitrosamine: A nitrosamine derivative with alkylating, carcinogenic, and mutagenic properties. It causes serious liver damage and is a hepatocarcinogen in rodents.		2.0410nitrosaminegeroprotector;
mutagen
cytidine monophosphate
Cytidine Monophosphate: Cytidine (dihydrogen phosphate). A cytosine nucleotide containing one phosphate group esterified to the sugar moiety in the 2', 3' or 5' position.. cytidine 5'-monophosphate : A pyrimidine ribonucleoside 5'-monophosphate having cytosine as the nucleobase.		3.2850cytidine 5'-phosphate;
pyrimidine ribonucleoside 5'-monophosphate		Escherichia coli metabolite;
human metabolite;
mouse metabolite
uridine triphosphate
Uridine Triphosphate: Uridine 5'-(tetrahydrogen triphosphate). A uracil nucleotide containing three phosphate groups esterified to the sugar moiety.		2.3620pyrimidine ribonucleoside 5'-triphosphate;
uridine 5'-phosphate		Escherichia coli metabolite;
mouse metabolite
lactose
Lactose: A disaccharide of GLUCOSE and GALACTOSE in human and cow milk. It is used in pharmacy for tablets, in medicine as a nutrient, and in industry.. lactose : A glycosylglucose disaccharide, found most notably in milk, that consists of D-galactose and D-glucose fragments bonded through a beta-1->4 glycosidic linkage. The glucose fragment can be in either the alpha- or beta-pyranose form, whereas the galactose fragment can only have the beta-pyranose form.. beta-lactose : The beta-anomer of lactose.		4.25190lactose
methionine
Methionine: A sulfur-containing essential L-amino acid that is important in many body functions.. methionine : A sulfur-containing amino acid that is butyric acid bearing an amino substituent at position 2 and a methylthio substituent at position 4.		20.6573723aspartate family amino acid;
L-alpha-amino acid;
methionine zwitterion;
methionine;
proteinogenic amino acid		antidote to paracetamol poisoning;
human metabolite;
micronutrient;
mouse metabolite;
nutraceutical
phenylalanine
Phenylalanine: An essential aromatic amino acid that is a precursor of MELANIN; DOPAMINE; noradrenalin (NOREPINEPHRINE), and THYROXINE.. L-phenylalanine : The L-enantiomer of phenylalanine.. phenylalanine : An aromatic amino acid that is alanine in which one of the methyl hydrogens is substituted by a phenyl group.		12.54242amino acid zwitterion;
erythrose 4-phosphate/phosphoenolpyruvate family amino acid;
L-alpha-amino acid;
phenylalanine;
proteinogenic amino acid		algal metabolite;
EC 3.1.3.1 (alkaline phosphatase) inhibitor;
Escherichia coli metabolite;
human xenobiotic metabolite;
micronutrient;
mouse metabolite;
nutraceutical;
plant metabolite;
Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite
desoxycorticosterone
Desoxycorticosterone: A steroid metabolite that is the 11-deoxy derivative of CORTICOSTERONE and the 21-hydroxy derivative of PROGESTERONE		3.733020-oxo steroid;
21-hydroxy steroid;
3-oxo-Delta(4) steroid;
mineralocorticoid;
primary alpha-hydroxy ketone		human metabolite;
mouse metabolite
colchicine
(S)-colchicine : A colchicine that has (S)-configuration. It is a secondary metabolite, has anti-inflammatory properties and is used to treat gout, crystal-induced joint inflammation, familial Mediterranean fever, and many other conditions.		7.17171alkaloid;
colchicine		anti-inflammatory agent;
gout suppressant;
mutagen
cytidine
[no description available]		3.0450cytidinesEscherichia coli metabolite;
human metabolite;
mouse metabolite;
Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite
cycloheximide
Cycloheximide: Antibiotic substance isolated from streptomycin-producing strains of Streptomyces griseus. It acts by inhibiting elongation during protein synthesis.. cycloheximide : A dicarboximide that is 4-(2-hydroxyethyl)piperidine-2,6-dione in which one of the hydrogens attached to the carbon bearing the hydroxy group is replaced by a 3,5-dimethyl-2-oxocyclohexyl group. It is an antibiotic produced by the bacterium Streptomyces griseus.		10.58240antibiotic fungicide;
cyclic ketone;
dicarboximide;
piperidine antibiotic;
piperidones;
secondary alcohol		anticoronaviral agent;
bacterial metabolite;
ferroptosis inhibitor;
neuroprotective agent;
protein synthesis inhibitor
egtazic acid
Egtazic Acid: A chelating agent relatively more specific for calcium and less toxic than EDETIC ACID.. ethylene glycol bis(2-aminoethyl)tetraacetic acid : A diether that is ethylene glycol in which the hydrogens of the hydroxy groups have been replaced by 2-[bis(carboxymethyl)amino]ethyl group respectively.		2.7130diether;
tertiary amino compound;
tetracarboxylic acid		chelator
barbituric acid
barbituric acid: RN given refers to parent cpd; structure from Merck Index, 9th ed, #966. barbituric acid : A barbiturate, the structure of which is that of perhydropyrimidine substituted at C-2, -4 and -6 by oxo groups. Barbituric acid is the parent compound of barbiturate drugs, although it is not itself pharmacologically active.		2.6330barbituratesallergen;
xenobiotic
chloroform
Chloroform: A commonly used laboratory solvent. It was previously used as an anesthetic, but was banned from use in the U.S. due to its suspected carcinogenicity.. chloroform : A one-carbon compound that is methane in which three of the hydrogens are replaced by chlorines.		3.5890chloromethanes;
one-carbon compound		carcinogenic agent;
central nervous system drug;
inhalation anaesthetic;
non-polar solvent;
refrigerant
fluocinolone acetonide
Fluocinolone Acetonide: A glucocorticoid derivative used topically in the treatment of various skin disorders. It is usually employed as a cream, gel, lotion, or ointment. It has also been used topically in the treatment of inflammatory eye, ear, and nose disorders. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p732). fluocinolone acetonide : A fluorinated steroid that is flunisolide in which the hydrogen at position 9 is replaced by fluorine. A corticosteroid with glucocorticoid activity, it is used (both as the anhydrous form and as the dihydrate) in creams, gels and ointments for the treatment of various skin disorders.		2.362011beta-hydroxy steroid;
20-oxo steroid;
21-hydroxy steroid;
3-oxo-Delta(1),Delta(4)-steroid;
cyclic ketal;
fluorinated steroid;
glucocorticoid;
organic heteropentacyclic compound;
primary alpha-hydroxy ketone		anti-inflammatory drug;
antipruritic drug
sodium citrate, anhydrous
Sodium Citrate: Sodium salts of citric acid that are used as buffers and food preservatives. They are used medically as anticoagulants in stored blood, and for urine alkalization in the prevention of KIDNEY STONES.. sodium citrate : The trisodium salt of citric acid.		2.0110organic sodium saltanticoagulant;
flavouring agent
dimethylformamide
Dimethylformamide: A formamide in which the amino hydrogens are replaced by methyl groups.. N,N-dimethylformamide : A member of the class of formamides that is formamide in which the amino hydrogens are replaced by methyl groups.		2.940formamides;
volatile organic compound		geroprotector;
hepatotoxic agent;
polar aprotic solvent
norethindrone
Norethindrone: A synthetic progestational hormone with actions similar to those of PROGESTERONE but functioning as a more potent inhibitor of ovulation. It has weak estrogenic and androgenic properties. The hormone has been used in treating amenorrhea, functional uterine bleeding, endometriosis, and for CONTRACEPTION.. norethisterone : A 17beta-hydroxy steroid that is testosterone in which the hydrogen at position 17 is replaced by an ethynyl group and in which the methyl group attached to position 10 is replaced by hydrogen.		5.143117beta-hydroxy steroid;
3-oxo-Delta(4) steroid;
terminal acetylenic compound;
tertiary alcohol		progestin;
synthetic oral contraceptive
cycloserine
Cycloserine: Antibiotic substance produced by Streptomyces garyphalus.. D-cycloserine : A 4-amino-1,2-oxazolidin-3-one that has R configuration. It is an antibiotic produced by Streptomyces garyphalus or S. orchidaceus and is used as part of a multi-drug regimen for the treatment of tuberculosis when resistance to, or toxicity from, primary drugs has developed. An analogue of D-alanine, it interferes with bacterial cell wall synthesis in the cytoplasm by competitive inhibition of L-alanine racemase (which forms D-alanine from L-alanine) and D-alanine--D-alanine ligase (which incorporates D-alanine into the pentapeptide required for peptidoglycan formation and bacterial cell wall synthesis).		1.94104-amino-1,2-oxazolidin-3-one;
organonitrogen heterocyclic antibiotic;
organooxygen heterocyclic antibiotic;
zwitterion		antiinfective agent;
antimetabolite;
antitubercular agent;
metabolite;
NMDA receptor agonist
ampicillin
Ampicillin: Semi-synthetic derivative of penicillin that functions as an orally active broad-spectrum antibiotic.. ampicillin : A penicillin in which the substituent at position 6 of the penam ring is a 2-amino-2-phenylacetamido group.		4.360beta-lactam antibiotic;
penicillin allergen;
penicillin		antibacterial drug
mannitol
[no description available]		4.94120mannitolallergen;
antiglaucoma drug;
compatible osmolytes;
Escherichia coli metabolite;
food anticaking agent;
food bulking agent;
food humectant;
food stabiliser;
food thickening agent;
hapten;
metabolite;
osmotic diuretic;
sweetening agent
cytarabine
[no description available]		3.4680beta-D-arabinoside;
monosaccharide derivative;
pyrimidine nucleoside		antimetabolite;
antineoplastic agent;
antiviral agent;
immunosuppressive agent
ornithine
Ornithine: An amino acid produced in the urea cycle by the splitting off of urea from arginine.. ornithine : An alpha-amino acid that is pentanoic acid bearing two amino substituents at positions 2 and 5.		4.29200non-proteinogenic L-alpha-amino acid;
ornithine		algal metabolite;
hepatoprotective agent;
mouse metabolite
asparagine
Asparagine: A non-essential amino acid that is involved in the metabolic control of cell functions in nerve and brain tissue. It is biosynthesized from ASPARTIC ACID and AMMONIA by asparagine synthetase. (From Concise Encyclopedia Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, 3rd ed). asparagine : An alpha-amino acid in which one of the hydrogens attached to the alpha-carbon of glycine is substituted by a 2-amino-2-oxoethyl group.		2.8740amino acid zwitterion;
asparagine;
aspartate family amino acid;
L-alpha-amino acid;
proteinogenic amino acid		Escherichia coli metabolite;
human metabolite;
micronutrient;
mouse metabolite;
nutraceutical;
plant metabolite;
Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite
2-thiomalic acid
[no description available]		2.0810C4-dicarboxylic acid
histidine
Histidine: An essential amino acid that is required for the production of HISTAMINE.. L-histidine : The L-enantiomer of the amino acid histidine.. histidine : An alpha-amino acid that is propanoic acid bearing an amino substituent at position 2 and a 1H-imidazol-4-yl group at position 3.		14.44830amino acid zwitterion;
histidine;
L-alpha-amino acid;
polar amino acid zwitterion;
proteinogenic amino acid		algal metabolite;
Escherichia coli metabolite;
human metabolite;
micronutrient;
mouse metabolite;
nutraceutical;
Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite
n-pentanol
n-pentanol: RN given refers to parent cpd. pentan-1-ol : A short-chain primary fatty alcohol that is pentane in which a hydrogen of one of the methyl groups is substituted by a hydroxy group. It has been isolated from Melicope ptelefolia.		2.0310pentanol;
short-chain primary fatty alcohol		human metabolite;
plant metabolite
1,1,1-trichloroethane
Trichloroethanes: Chlorinated ethanes which are used extensively as industrial solvents. They have been utilized in numerous home-use products including spot remover preparations and inhalant decongestant sprays. These compounds cause central nervous system and cardiovascular depression and are hepatotoxic. Include 1,1,1- and 1,1,2-isomers.. 1,1,1-trichloroethane : A member of the class of chloroethanes carrying three chloro substituents at position 1.		2.420chloroethanespolar solvent
medroxyprogesterone acetate
[no description available]		3.832120-oxo steroid;
3-oxo-Delta(4) steroid;
acetate ester;
corticosteroid;
steroid ester		adjuvant;
androgen;
antineoplastic agent;
antioxidant;
female contraceptive drug;
inhibitor;
progestin;
synthetic oral contraceptive
valine
Valine: A branched-chain essential amino acid that has stimulant activity. It promotes muscle growth and tissue repair. It is a precursor in the penicillin biosynthetic pathway.. valine : A branched-chain amino acid that consists of glycine in which one of the hydrogens attached to the alpha-carbon is substituted by an isopropyl group.. L-valine : The L-enantiomer of valine.		4.7300L-alpha-amino acid zwitterion;
L-alpha-amino acid;
proteinogenic amino acid;
pyruvate family amino acid;
valine		algal metabolite;
Escherichia coli metabolite;
human metabolite;
micronutrient;
mouse metabolite;
nutraceutical;
Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite
threonine
Threonine: An essential amino acid occurring naturally in the L-form, which is the active form. It is found in eggs, milk, gelatin, and other proteins.. threonine : An alpha-amino acid in which one of the hydrogens attached to the alpha-carbon of glycine is substituted by a 1-hydroxyethyl group.		6.38232amino acid zwitterion;
aspartate family amino acid;
L-alpha-amino acid;
proteinogenic amino acid;
threonine		algal metabolite;
Escherichia coli metabolite;
human metabolite;
micronutrient;
mouse metabolite;
nutraceutical;
plant metabolite;
Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite
mestranol
[no description available]		3.743017beta-hydroxy steroid;
aromatic ether;
terminal acetylenic compound		prodrug;
xenoestrogen
methandrostenolone
Methandrostenolone: A synthetic steroid with anabolic properties that are more pronounced than its androgenic effects. It has little progestational activity. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p1188)		3.7321organic molecular entity
tryptophan
Tryptophan: An essential amino acid that is necessary for normal growth in infants and for NITROGEN balance in adults. It is a precursor of INDOLE ALKALOIDS in plants. It is a precursor of SEROTONIN (hence its use as an antidepressant and sleep aid). It can be a precursor to NIACIN, albeit inefficiently, in mammals.. tryptophan : An alpha-amino acid that is alanine bearing an indol-3-yl substituent at position 3.		10.06542erythrose 4-phosphate/phosphoenolpyruvate family amino acid;
L-alpha-amino acid zwitterion;
L-alpha-amino acid;
proteinogenic amino acid;
tryptophan zwitterion;
tryptophan		antidepressant;
Escherichia coli metabolite;
human metabolite;
micronutrient;
mouse metabolite;
nutraceutical;
plant metabolite;
Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite
isoleucine
Isoleucine: An essential branched-chain aliphatic amino acid found in many proteins. It is an isomer of LEUCINE. It is important in hemoglobin synthesis and regulation of blood sugar and energy levels.. isoleucine : A 2-amino-3-methylpentanoic acid having either (2R,3R)- or (2S,3S)-configuration.. L-isoleucine : The L-enantiomer of isoleucine.		4.26190aspartate family amino acid;
isoleucine;
L-alpha-amino acid zwitterion;
L-alpha-amino acid;
proteinogenic amino acid		algal metabolite;
Escherichia coli metabolite;
human metabolite;
mouse metabolite;
plant metabolite;
Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite
arginine
Arginine: An essential amino acid that is physiologically active in the L-form.. arginine : An alpha-amino acid that is glycine in which the alpha-is substituted by a 3-guanidinopropyl group.		11.99569arginine;
glutamine family amino acid;
L-alpha-amino acid;
proteinogenic amino acid		biomarker;
Escherichia coli metabolite;
micronutrient;
mouse metabolite;
nutraceutical
methyl bromide
methyl bromide: used in ionization chambers, degreasing wool, extracting oils; insect fumigant; high concentrations can produce pulmonary edema,narcosis; chronic exposure can cause CNS depression,kidney injury; RN given refers to parent cpd; structure. bromomethane : A one-carbon compound in which the carbon is attached by single bonds to three hydrogen atoms and one bromine atom. It is produced naturally by marine algae.		1.9310bromohydrocarbon;
bromomethanes;
methyl halides		algal metabolite;
fumigant insecticide;
marine metabolite
ethylene
Plastipore: high density polyethylene sponge biocompatible material; used as posts in dental bridges		2.6630alkene;
gas molecular entity		plant hormone;
refrigerant
acetylene
[no description available]		3.0850alkyne;
gas molecular entity;
terminal acetylenic compound
methyl chloride
Methyl Chloride: A hydrocarbon used as an industrial solvent. It has been used as an aerosal propellent, as a refrigerant and as a local anesthetic. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 31st ed, p1403). chlorocarbon : Compounds consisting wholly of chlorine and carbon.. chloromethane : A one-carbon compound that is methane in which one of the hydrogens is replaced by a chloro group.		2.4320chloromethanes;
methyl halides		marine metabolite;
mutagen;
refrigerant
methyl iodide
methyl iodide: RN given refers to unlabeled cpd with MF of CH3-I. iodomethane : A member of the class of iodomethanes that is methane in which one of the hydrogens is replaced by iodine.		2.420iodomethanes;
methyl halides		fumigant insecticide
methylamine
methyl group : An alkyl group that is the univalent group derived from methane by removal of a hydrogen atom.		2.0110methylamines;
one-carbon compound;
primary aliphatic amine		mouse metabolite
propane
Propane: A three carbon alkane with the formula H3CCH2CH3.		4.4580alkane;
gas molecular entity		food propellant
ethyl chloride
Ethyl Chloride: A gas that condenses under slight pressure. Because of its low boiling point ethyl chloride sprayed on skin produces an intense cold by evaporation. Cold blocks nerve conduction. Ethyl chloride has been used in surgery but is primarily used to relieve local pain in sports medicine.. chloroethane : The simplest and least toxic member of the class of chloroethanes, that is ethane in which a single hydrogen is substituted by a chlorine. A colourless gas at room temperature and pressure (boiling point 12degreeC), it is used as a mild topical anaesthetic to numb the skin prior to ear piercing, skin biopsies, etc., and is also used in the treatment of sports injuries. It was formerly used in the production of tetraethyllead.		1.9810chloroethanesantipruritic drug;
inhalation anaesthetic;
local anaesthetic
vinyl chloride
Vinyl Chloride: A gas that has been used as an aerosol propellant and is the starting material for polyvinyl resins. Toxicity studies have shown various adverse effects, particularly the occurrence of liver neoplasms.. chloroethene : A monohaloethene that is ethene in which one of the hydrogens has been replaced by a chloro group.		2.4620chloroethenes;
gas molecular entity;
monohaloethene		carcinogenic agent
acetonitrile
acetonitrile: RN given refers to unlabeled cpd. acetonitrile : A nitrile that is hydrogen cyanide in which the hydrogen has been replaced by a methyl group.		2.0610aliphatic nitrile;
volatile organic compound		EC 3.5.1.4 (amidase) inhibitor;
NMR chemical shift reference compound;
polar aprotic solvent
methylene chloride
Methylene Chloride: A chlorinated hydrocarbon that has been used as an inhalation anesthetic and acts as a narcotic in high concentrations. Its primary use is as a solvent in manufacturing and food technology.. dichloromethane : A member of the class of chloromethanes that is methane in which two of the hydrogens have been replaced by chlorine. A dense, non-flammible colourless liquid at room temperature (b.p. 40degreeC, d = 1.33) which is immiscible with water, it is widely used as a solvent, a paint stripper, and for the removal of caffeine from coffee and tea.		2.1710chloromethanes;
volatile organic compound		carcinogenic agent;
polar aprotic solvent;
refrigerant
ethylene oxide
Ethylene Oxide: A colorless and flammable gas at room temperature and pressure. Ethylene oxide is a bactericidal, fungicidal, and sporicidal disinfectant. It is effective against most micro-organisms, including viruses. It is used as a fumigant for foodstuffs and textiles and as an agent for the gaseous sterilization of heat-labile pharmaceutical and surgical materials. (From Reynolds, Martindale The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p794). oxirane : A saturated organic heteromonocyclic parent that is a three-membered heterocycle of two carbon atoms and one oxygen atom.		2.9140gas molecular entity;
oxacycle;
saturated organic heteromonocyclic parent		allergen;
mouse metabolite;
mutagen
isopropyl iodide
isopropyl iodide: structure		1.9610
vinylidene chloride
vinylidene chloride: potent hepatotoxin. 1,1-dichloroethene : A member of the class of chloroethenes that is ethene in which both of the hydrogens attached to one of the carbons are replaced by chlorines.		2.1310chloroethenescarcinogenic agent;
mouse metabolite;
mutagen
phosgene
Phosgene: A highly toxic gas that has been used as a chemical warfare agent. It is an insidious poison as it is not irritating immediately, even when fatal concentrations are inhaled. (From The Merck Index, 11th ed, p7304). phosgene : An acyl chloride obtained by substitution of both hydrogens of formaldehyde by chlorine.. chloroketone : A ketone containing a chloro substituent.		1.9510acyl chloride
bromotrichloromethane
Bromotrichloromethane: A potent liver poison. In rats, bromotrichloromethane produces about three times the degree of liver microsomal lipid peroxidation as does carbon tetrachloride.		1.9710
trichloroacetic acid
Trichloroacetic Acid: A strong acid used as a protein precipitant in clinical chemistry and also as a caustic for removing warts.. trichloroacetic acid : A monocarboxylic acid that is acetic acid in which all three methyl hydrogens are substituted by chlorine.		3.7330monocarboxylic acid;
organochlorine compound		carcinogenic agent;
metabolite;
mouse metabolite
trifluoroacetic acid
Trifluoroacetic Acid: A very strong halogenated derivative of acetic acid. It is used in acid catalyzed reactions, especially those where an ester is cleaved in peptide synthesis.. trifluoroacetic acid : A monocarboxylic acid that is the trifluoro derivative of acetic acid.		2.0610fluoroalkanoic acidhuman xenobiotic metabolite;
NMR chemical shift reference compound;
reagent
triamcinolone acetonide
Triamcinolone Acetonide: An esterified form of TRIAMCINOLONE. It is an anti-inflammatory glucocorticoid used topically in the treatment of various skin disorders. Intralesional, intramuscular, and intra-articular injections are also administered under certain conditions.. triamcinolone acetonide : A synthetic glucocorticoid that is the 16,17-acetonide of triamcinolone. Used to treat various skin infections.		1.951011beta-hydroxy steroid;
20-oxo steroid;
21-hydroxy steroid;
3-oxo-Delta(4) steroid;
cyclic ketal;
fluorinated steroid;
glucocorticoid;
primary alpha-hydroxy ketone		anti-allergic agent;
anti-inflammatory drug
fluoxymesterone
Fluoxymesterone: An anabolic steroid that has been used in the treatment of male HYPOGONADISM, delayed puberty in males, and in the treatment of breast neoplasms in women.		2.352011beta-hydroxy steroid;
17beta-hydroxy steroid;
3-oxo-Delta(4) steroid;
anabolic androgenic steroid;
fluorinated steroid		anabolic agent;
antineoplastic agent
bromthymol blue
Bromthymol Blue: A pH sensitive dye that has been used as an indicator in many laboratory reactions.. bromothymol blue : A member of the class of 2,1-benzoxathioles that is 2,1-benzoxathiole 1,1-dioxide in which both of the hydrogens at position 3 have been substituted by 3-bromo-4-hydroxy-5-isopropyl-2-methylphenyl groups.		2.13102,1-benzoxathiole;
arenesulfonate ester;
organobromine compound;
polyphenol;
sultone		acid-base indicator;
dye;
two-colour indicator
gibberellic acid
gibberellic acid: RN given refers to (1alpha,2beta,4aalpha,4bbeta,10beta)-isomer; structure. gibberellin A3 : A C19-gibberellin that is a pentacyclic diterpenoid responsible for promoting growth and elongation of cells in plants. Initially identified in Gibberella fujikuroi,it differs from gibberellin A1 in the presence of a double bond between C-3 and C-4.		1.9310C19-gibberellin;
gibberellin monocarboxylic acid;
lactone;
organic heteropentacyclic compound		mouse metabolite;
plant metabolite
phencyclidine
Phencyclidine: A hallucinogen formerly used as a veterinary anesthetic, and briefly as a general anesthetic for humans. Phencyclidine is similar to KETAMINE in structure and in many of its effects. Like ketamine, it can produce a dissociative state. It exerts its pharmacological action through inhibition of NMDA receptors (RECEPTORS, N-METHYL-D-ASPARTATE). As a drug of abuse, it is known as PCP and Angel Dust.. phencyclidine : A member of the class of piperidines that is piperidine in which the nitrogen is substituted with a 1-phenylcyclohexyl group. Formerly used as an anaesthetic agent, it exhibits both hallucinogenic and neurotoxic effects.		2.3920benzenes;
piperidines		anaesthetic;
neurotoxin;
NMDA receptor antagonist;
psychotropic drug
dimethyl sulfate
dimethyl sulfate: RN given refers to unlabeled cpd; structure. dimethyl sulfate : The dimethyl ester of sulfuric acid.		210alkyl sulfatealkylating agent;
immunosuppressive agent
tromethamine
Tromethamine: An organic amine proton acceptor. It is used in the synthesis of surface-active agents and pharmaceuticals; as an emulsifying agent for cosmetic creams and lotions, mineral oil and paraffin wax emulsions, as a biological buffer, and used as an alkalizer. (From Merck, 11th ed; Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p1424)		2.3520primary amino compound;
triol		buffer
pentaerythritol tetranitrate
Pentaerythritol Tetranitrate: A vasodilator with general properties similar to NITROGLYCERIN but with a more prolonged duration of action. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p1025). pentaerythritol tetranitrate : A pentaerythritol nitrate in which all four hydroxy groups of pentaerythritol have been converted to the corresponding nitrate ester. It is a vasodilator with properties similar to those of glyceryl trinitrate, but with a more prolonged duration of action, and is used for treatment of angina pectoris. It is also one of the most powerful high explosives known and is a component of the plastic explosive known as Semtex.		1.9510pentaerythritol nitrateexplosive;
vasodilator agent
triparanol
Triparanol: Antilipemic agent with high ophthalmic toxicity. According to Merck Index, 11th ed, the compound was withdrawn from the market in 1962 because of its association with the formation of irreversible cataracts.		3.0310stilbenoidanticoronaviral agent
isoprene
isoprene: used in manufacture of ''synthetic'' rubber, butyl rubber; copolymer in production of elastomers; structure. isoprene : A hemiterpene with the formula CH2=C(CH3)CH=CH2; the monomer of natural rubber and a common structure motif to the isoprenoids, a large class of other naturally occurring compounds.		2.4220alkadiene;
hemiterpene;
volatile organic compound		plant metabolite
2-butanol
2-butanol: RN given is for parent cpd without isomeric designation. butan-2-ol : A secondary alcohol that is butane substituted by a hydroxy group at position 2.		2.110secondary alcohol
trichloroethylene
Trichloroethylene: A highly volatile inhalation anesthetic used mainly in short surgical procedures where light anesthesia with good analgesia is required. It is also used as an industrial solvent. Prolonged exposure to high concentrations of the vapor can lead to cardiotoxicity and neurological impairment.. triol : A chemical compound containing three hydroxy groups.		4.45210chloroethenesinhalation anaesthetic;
mouse metabolite
acrylamide
[no description available]		2.7230acrylamides;
N-acylammonia;
primary carboxamide		alkylating agent;
carcinogenic agent;
Maillard reaction product;
mutagen;
neurotoxin
acrylic acid
acrylic acid: RN given refers to parent cpd. acrylic acid : A alpha,beta-unsaturated monocarboxylic acid that is ethene substituted by a carboxy group.		3.5280alpha,beta-unsaturated monocarboxylic acidmetabolite
peracetic acid
Peracetic Acid: A liquid that functions as a strong oxidizing agent. It has an acrid odor and is used as a disinfectant.. peracetic acid : A peroxy acid that is acetic acid in which the OH group is substituted by a hydroperoxy group. It is a versatile oxidising agent that is used as a disinfectant.		2.0310a peroxy aciddisinfectant;
oxidising agent
dichloroacetic acid
[no description available]		3.0810monocarboxylic acid;
organochlorine compound		astringent;
marine metabolite
pantothenic acid
Pantothenic Acid: A butyryl-beta-alanine that can also be viewed as pantoic acid complexed with BETA ALANINE. It is incorporated into COENZYME A and protects cells against peroxidative damage by increasing the level of GLUTATHIONE.. pantothenic acid : A member of the class of pantothenic acids that is an amide formed from pantoic acid and beta-alanine.. vitamin B5 : Any member of a group of vitamers that belong to the chemical structural class called pantothenic acids that exhibit biological activity against vitamin B5 deficiency. Deficiency of vitamin B5 is rare due to its widespread distribution in whole grain cereals, legumes and meat. Symptoms associated with vitamin B5 deficiency are difficult to asses since they are subtle and resemble those of other B vitamin deficiencies. The vitamers include (R)-pantothenic acid and its ionized and salt forms.. (R)-pantothenate : A pantothenate that is the conjugate base of (R)-pantothenic acid, obtained by deprotonation of the carboxy group.. (R)-pantothenic acid : A pantothenic acid having R-configuration.		20.31557pantothenic acid;
vitamin B5		antidote to curare poisoning;
geroprotector;
human blood serum metabolite
tetrabromobisphenol a
tetrabromobisphenol A: a brominated flame retardant. 3,3',5,5'-tetrabromobisphenol A : A bromobisphenol that is 4,4'-methanediyldiphenol in which the methylene hydrogens are replaced by two methyl groups and the phenyl rings are substituted by bromo groups at positions 2, 2', 6 and 6'. It is a brominated flame retardant.		2.610brominated flame retardant;
bromobisphenol
bisphenol a
4,4'-isopropylidene diphenol: stimulates proliferative responses and cytokine productions of murine spleen cells and thymus cells in vitro. bisphenol : By usage, the methylenediphenols, HOC6H4CH2C6H4OH, commonly p,p-methylenediphenol, and their substitution products (generally derived from condensation of two equivalent amounts of a phenol with an aldehyde or ketone). The term also includes analogues in the the methylene (or substituted methylene) group has been replaced by a heteroatom.. bisphenol A : A bisphenol that is 4,4'-methanediyldiphenol in which the methylene hydrogens are replaced by two methyl groups.		5.0421bisphenolendocrine disruptor;
environmental contaminant;
xenobiotic;
xenoestrogen
methyl 4-toluene sulfonate
methyl 4-toluene sulfonate: catalyst in dental impression; material Scutan causing contact dermatitis; structure		2.0510
dehydrocholic acid
Dehydrocholic Acid: A semisynthetic bile acid made from cholic acid. It is used as a cholagogue, hydrocholeretic, diuretic, and as a diagnostic aid.. 3,7,12-trioxo-5beta-cholanic acid : An oxo-5beta-cholanic acid in which three oxo substituents are located at positions 3, 7 and 12 on the cholanic acid skeleton.		6.339512-oxo steroid;
3-oxo-5beta-steroid;
7-oxo steroid;
oxo-5beta-cholanic acid		gastrointestinal drug
taurocholic acid
Taurocholic Acid: The product of conjugation of cholic acid with taurine. Its sodium salt is the chief ingredient of the bile of carnivorous animals. It acts as a detergent to solubilize fats for absorption and is itself absorbed. It is used as a cholagogue and cholerectic.. taurocholate : An organosulfonate oxoanion that is the conjugate base of taurocholic acid.. taurocholic acid : A bile acid taurine conjugate of cholic acid that usually occurs as the sodium salt of bile in mammals.		3.67100amino sulfonic acid;
bile acid taurine conjugate		human metabolite
rhodamine b
rhodamine B: RN & N1 from 9th CI Form Index; RN given refers to parent cpd; structure in Merck Index, 9th ed, #7973; TETRAETHYLRHODAMINE was see RHODAMINES 1975-93; use RHODAMINES to search TETRAETHYLRHODAMINE 1975-93. rhodamine B : An organic chloride salt having N-[9-(2-carboxyphenyl)-6-(diethylamino)-3H-xanthen-3-ylidene]-N-ethylethanaminium as the counterion. An amphoteric dye commonly used as a fluorochrome.		2.2510organic chloride salt;
xanthene dye		fluorescent probe;
fluorochrome;
histological dye
pyridoxic acid
Pyridoxic Acid: The catabolic product of most of VITAMIN B 6; (PYRIDOXINE; PYRIDOXAL; and PYRIDOXAMINE) which is excreted in the urine.. 4-pyridoxic acid : A methylpyridine that is 2-methylpyridine substituted by a hydroxy group at C-3, a carboxy group at C-4, and a hydroxymethyl group at C-5. It is the catabolic product of vitamin B6 and is excreted in the urine.. 4-pyridoxate : A pyridoxate that is the conjugate base of 4-pyridoxic acid, obtained by deprotonation of the carboxy group.		6.3253hydroxymethylpyridine;
methylpyridines;
monohydroxypyridine;
vitamin B6		human urinary metabolite;
mouse metabolite
methylprednisolone
Methylprednisolone: A PREDNISOLONE derivative with similar anti-inflammatory action.. 6alpha-methylprednisolone : The 6alpha-stereoisomer of 6-methylprednisolone.		6.58916-methylprednisolone;
primary alpha-hydroxy ketone;
tertiary alpha-hydroxy ketone		adrenergic agent;
anti-inflammatory drug;
antiemetic;
environmental contaminant;
neuroprotective agent;
xenobiotic
rotenone
Derris: A plant genus of the family FABACEAE. The root is a source of rotenoids (ROTENONE) and flavonoids. Some species of Pongamia have been reclassified to this genus and some to MILLETTIA. Some species of Deguelia have been reclassified to this genus.. rotenoid : Members of the class of tetrahydrochromenochromene that consists of a cis-fused tetrahydrochromeno[3,4-b]chromene skeleton and its substituted derivatives. The term was originally restricted to natural products, but is now also used to describe semi-synthetic and fully synthetic compounds.		2.5820organic heteropentacyclic compound;
rotenones		antineoplastic agent;
metabolite;
mitochondrial NADH:ubiquinone reductase inhibitor;
phytogenic insecticide;
piscicide;
toxin
fluorene
[no description available]		1.9310ortho-fused polycyclic arene;
ortho-fused tricyclic hydrocarbon
penicillin v
Penicillin V: A broad-spectrum penicillin antibiotic used orally in the treatment of mild to moderate infections by susceptible gram-positive organisms.. phenoxymethylpenicillin : A penicillin compound having a 6beta-(phenoxyacetyl)amino side-chain.		3.7330penicillin allergen;
penicillin
1,2,3-trichlorobenzene
trichlorobenzene: commercial grade of trichlorobenzene containing 70% 1,2,4-trichlorobenzene & 30% 1,2,3-trichlorobenzene; see also record for 1,2,4-trichlorobenzene. trichlorobenzene : Any member of the class of chlorobenzenes carrying three chloro substituents at unspecified positions.. 1,2,3-trichlorobenzene : A trichlorobenzene carrying chloro substituents at positions 1, 2 and 3.		210trichlorobenzene
hexachlorobutadiene
hexachlorobutadiene: a potent nephrotoxicant in rats; structure		2.0510organochlorine compound
xylitol
xylooligosaccharide: structure in first source. pentitol : An alditol obtained by reduction of any pentose.. xylooligosaccharide : An oligosaccharide comprised of xylose residues.		3.0610
n-vinyl-2-pyrrolidinone
N-vinyl-2-pyrrolidinone: monomer of POVIDONE; structure given in first source		3.9130pyrrolidin-2-ones
thymol
Thymol: A phenol obtained from thyme oil or other volatile oils used as a stabilizer in pharmaceutical preparations, and as an antiseptic (antibacterial or antifungal) agent.. thymol : A phenol that is a natural monoterpene derivative of cymene.		1.9410monoterpenoid;
phenols		volatile oil component
aminacrine
Aminacrine: A highly fluorescent anti-infective dye used clinically as a topical antiseptic and experimentally as a mutagen, due to its interaction with DNA. It is also used as an intracellular pH indicator.. 9-aminoacridine : An aminoacridine that is acridine in which the hydrogen at position 9 is replaced by an amino group. A fluorescent dyd and topical antiseptic agent, it is used (usually as the hydrochloride salt) in eye drops for the treatment of superficial eye infections.		1.9710aminoacridines;
primary amino compound		acid-base indicator;
antiinfective agent;
antiseptic drug;
fluorescent dye;
MALDI matrix material;
mutagen
veratrole
veratrole: structure. dimethoxybenzene : Any methoxybenzene that consists of a benzene skeleton substituted with two methoxy groups and its derivatives.. veratrole : A dimethoxybenzene with the methoxy groups at ortho-positions.		2.0210dimethoxybenzeneplant metabolite
quinoxalines
quinoxaline : A naphthyridine in which the nitrogens are at positions 1 and 4.		1.9410mancude organic heterobicyclic parent;
naphthyridine;
ortho-fused heteroarene
quinoline
[no description available]		2.0610azaarene;
mancude organic heterobicyclic parent;
ortho-fused heteroarene;
quinolines
phenothiazine
10H-phenothiazine : The 10H-tautomer of phenothiazine.		2.0210phenothiazineferroptosis inhibitor;
plant metabolite;
radical scavenger
propylparaben
Parabens: Methyl, propyl, butyl, and ethyl esters of p-hydroxybenzoic acid. They have been approved by the FDA as antimicrobial agents for foods and pharmaceuticals. (From Hawley's Condensed Chemical Dictionary, 11th ed, p872)		2.6530benzoate ester;
paraben;
phenols		antifungal agent;
antimicrobial agent
benzoyl peroxide
Benzoyl Peroxide: A peroxide derivative that has been used topically for BURNS and as a dermatologic agent in the treatment of ACNE and POISON IVY DERMATITIS. It is used also as a bleach in the food industry.		2.110carbonyl compound
1,2-diaminobenzene
1,2-diaminobenzene: RN given refers to parent cpd. 1,2-phenylenediamine : A phenylenediamine in which the two amino groups are ortho to each other.		2.3320phenylenediaminehydrogen donor
ethyl lactate
ethyl lactate: RN given refers to cpd with unspecified isomeric designation. ethyl 2-hydroxypropanoate : The ethyl ester obtained of 2-hydroxypropanoic acid.		2.4110ethyl ester;
lactate ester;
secondary alcohol		metabolite
pyrrolidonecarboxylic acid
Pyrrolidonecarboxylic Acid: A cyclized derivative of L-GLUTAMIC ACID. Elevated blood levels may be associated with problems of GLUTAMINE or GLUTATHIONE metabolism.. 5-oxo-L-proline : An optically active form of 5-oxoproline having L-configuration.		3.04105-oxoproline;
L-proline derivative;
non-proteinogenic L-alpha-amino acid		algal metabolite
trehalose
alpha,alpha-trehalose : A trehalose in which both glucose residues have alpha-configuration at the anomeric carbon.		4.5940trehaloseEscherichia coli metabolite;
geroprotector;
human metabolite;
mouse metabolite;
Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite
benzyl bromide
benzyl bromide: structure given in first source. benzyl bromide : A member of the class of benzyl bromides that is toluene substituted on the alpha-carbon with bromine.		2.1310benzyl bromideslachrymator
styrene
Styrene: A colorless, toxic liquid with a strong aromatic odor. It is used to make rubbers, polymers and copolymers, and polystyrene plastics.. styrene : A vinylarene that is benzene carrying a vinyl group. It has been isolated from the benzoin resin produced by Styrax species.		2.0210styrenes;
vinylarene;
volatile organic compound		mouse metabolite;
mutagen;
plant metabolite
phenylhydrazine
[no description available]		3.0450phenylhydrazinesxenobiotic
anisole
anisole : A monomethoxybenzene that is benzene substituted by a methoxy group.		2.4720monomethoxybenzeneplant metabolite
cyclamic acid
Cyclamates: Salts and esters of cyclamic acid.. cyclohexylsulfamic acid : A member of the class of sulfamic acids that is sulfamic acid carrying an N-cyclohexyl substituent.		1.9510sulfamic acidsenvironmental contaminant;
human xenobiotic metabolite
phenyl ether
diphenyl ether : An aromatic ether in which the oxygen is attached to two phenyl substituents. It has been found in muscat grapes and vanilla.		2.0310aromatic etherplant metabolite
triethanolamine
triethanolamine: RN given refers to parent cpd. triethanolamine : A tertiary amino compound that is ammonia in which each of the hydrogens is substituted by a 2-hydroxyethyl group.		2.110amino alcohol;
tertiary amino compound;
triol		buffer;
surfactant
1,2-epoxybutane
1,2-epoxybutane: RN given refers to cpd with unspecified isomeric designation		2.0510epoxide
epichlorohydrin
Epichlorohydrin: A chlorinated epoxy compound used as an industrial solvent. It is a strong skin irritant and carcinogen.. epichlorohydrin : An epoxide that is 1,2-epoxypropene in which one of the methyl hydrogens is substituted by chlorine.		2.0310epoxide;
organochlorine compound
glycidyl methacrylate
glycidyl methacrylate: RN given refers to monomer. glycidyl methacrylate : An enoate ester obtained by formal condensation of the carboxy group of methacrylic acid with the hydroxy group of glycidol.		2.0810enoate ester;
epoxide
ethylene dibromide
Ethylene Dibromide: An effective soil fumigant, insecticide, and nematocide. In humans, it causes severe burning of skin and irritation of the eyes and respiratory tract. Prolonged inhalation may cause liver necrosis. It is also used in gasoline. Members of this group have caused liver and lung cancers in rodents. According to the Fourth Annual Report on Carcinogens (NTP 85-002, 1985), 1,2-dibromoethane may reasonably be anticipated to be a carcinogen.. 1,2-dibromoethane : A bromoalkane that is ethane carrying bromo substituents at positions 1 and 2. It is produced by marine algae.		1.9710bromoalkane;
bromohydrocarbon		algal metabolite;
carcinogenic agent;
fumigant;
marine metabolite;
mouse metabolite;
mutagen
1,3-butadiene
buta-1,3-diene : A butadiene with unsaturation at positions 1 and 3.		3.7730butadienecarcinogenic agent;
mutagen
acrolein
[no description available]		2.0610enalherbicide;
human xenobiotic metabolite;
toxin
chloroacetonitrile
[no description available]		2.0210nitrile
deanol
Deanol: An antidepressive agent that has also been used in the treatment of movement disorders. The mechanism of action is not well understood.. N,N-dimethylethanolamine : A tertiary amine that is ethanolamine having two N-methyl substituents.		2.3420ethanolamines;
tertiary amine		curing agent;
radical scavenger
vinyl acetate
[no description available]		2.0510acetate ester
methyl isobutyl ketone
[no description available]		1.9710ketone
methyl malonate
methyl malonate: do not confuse with methylmalonate, i.e., malonic acid substituted with a methyl group on C2; structure		3.0650
melamine
melamine: RN given refers to parent cpd; structure. melamine : A trimer of cyanamide, with a 1,3,5-triazine skeleton.		2.0510triamino-1,3,5-triazinexenobiotic metabolite
chlorobenzene
[no description available]		1.9210monochlorobenzenessolvent
triethylene glycol dimethacrylate
[no description available]		2.0410
2-hydroxyethylhydrazine
2-hydroxyethylhydrazine: inhibitor of phospholipid methylation in yeast		210hydrazinesherbicide
pyrroles
1H-pyrrole : A tautomer of pyrrole that has the double bonds at positions 2 and 4.. pyrrole : A five-membered monocyclic heteroarene comprising one NH and four CH units which forms the parent compound of the pyrrole group of compounds. Its five-membered ring structure has three tautomers. A 'closed class'.. azole : Any monocyclic heteroarene consisting of a five-membered ring containing nitrogen. Azoles can also contain one or more other non-carbon atoms, such as nitrogen, sulfur or oxygen.		6.48250pyrrole;
secondary amine
thiophenes
Thiophenes: A monocyclic heteroarene furan in which the oxygen atom is replaced by a sulfur.. thiophenes : Compounds containing at least one thiophene ring.		3.7621mancude organic heteromonocyclic parent;
monocyclic heteroarene;
thiophenes;
volatile organic compound		non-polar solvent
2,5-hexanedione
2,5-hexanedione: metabolite of methyl-n-butyl ketone. 2,5-hexanedione : A diketone that is hexane substituted by oxo groups at positions 2 and 5. It is a toxic metabolite of hexane and of 2-hexanone		1.9610diketone;
methyl ketone		human xenobiotic metabolite;
neurotoxin
diethanolamine
diethanolamine: RN given refers to parent cpd. diethanolamine : A member of the class of ethanolamines that is ethanolamine having a N-hydroxyethyl substituent.		1.9510ethanolamineshuman xenobiotic metabolite
n-octanethiol
octane-1-thiol : An alkanethiol that is octane substituted by a thiol group at position 1.		2.0510alkanethiol
estradiol dipropionate
estradiol dipropionate: RN given refers to (17beta)-isomer; RN for cpd without isomeric designation not in Chemline 7/83		6.9310steroid ester
phenformin
Phenformin: A biguanide hypoglycemic agent with actions and uses similar to those of METFORMIN. Although it is generally considered to be associated with an unacceptably high incidence of lactic acidosis, often fatal, it is still available in some countries. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p290). phenformin : A member of the class of biguanides that is biguanide in which one of the terminal nitrogen atoms is substituted by a 2-phenylethyl group. It was used as an anti-diabetic drug but was later withdrawn from the market due to potential risk of lactic acidosis.		4.360biguanidesantineoplastic agent;
geroprotector;
hypoglycemic agent
hexachlorobenzene
Hexachlorobenzene: An agricultural fungicide and seed treatment agent.. hexachlorobenzene : A member of the class of chlorobenzenes that is benzene in which all of the hydrogens are replaced by chlorines. An agricultural fungicide introduced in the mid-1940s and formerly used as a seed treatment, its use has been banned since 1984 under the Stockholm Convention on Persistent Organic Pollutants.		2.7630aromatic fungicide;
chlorobenzenes		antifungal agrochemical;
carcinogenic agent;
persistent organic pollutant
trinitrotoluene
Trinitrotoluene: A 2,4,6-trinitrotoluene, which is an explosive chemical that can cause skin irritation and other toxic consequences.. 2,4,6-trinitrotoluene : A trinitrotoluene having the nitro groups at positions 2, 4 and 6.		6.9510trinitrotolueneexplosive
framycetin
Framycetin: A component of NEOMYCIN that is produced by Streptomyces fradiae. On hydrolysis it yields neamine and neobiosamine B. (From Merck Index, 11th ed). framycetin : A tetracyclic antibacterial agent derived from neomycin, being a glycoside ester of neamine and neobiosamine B.		7.84251aminoglycosideallergen;
antibacterial drug;
Escherichia coli metabolite
vanillic acid
Vanillic Acid: A flavoring agent. It is the intermediate product in the two-step bioconversion of ferulic acid to vanillin. (J Biotechnol 1996;50(2-3):107-13).. vanillic acid : A monohydroxybenzoic acid that is 4-hydroxybenzoic acid substituted by a methoxy group at position 3.		2.730methoxybenzoic acid;
monohydroxybenzoic acid		plant metabolite
cinchophen
cinchophen: was heading 1963-94; ACIPHENOCHINOLIUM was see CHINOPHEN 1978-94; use QUINOLINES to search CINCHOPHEN 1966-94		1.9310quinolines
iodohippuric acid
Iodohippuric Acid: An iodine-containing compound used in pyelography as a radiopaque medium. If labeled with radioiodine, it can be used for studies of renal function.. 2-iodohippuric acid : A member of the class of benzamides resulting from the formal condensation of the carboxy group of 2-iodobenzoic acid with the amino group of glycine.		7.61151benzamides;
N-acylglycine;
organoiodine compound
uridine diphosphate glucose
Uridine Diphosphate Glucose: A key intermediate in carbohydrate metabolism. Serves as a precursor of glycogen, can be metabolized into UDPgalactose and UDPglucuronic acid which can then be incorporated into polysaccharides as galactose and glucuronic acid. Also serves as a precursor of sucrose lipopolysaccharides, and glycosphingolipids.. UDP-alpha-D-glucose : The alpha-anomer of UDP-alpha-D-glucose. It is used in nucleotide sugars metabolism.		2.6430UDP-D-glucosefundamental metabolite
fluorodeoxyuridylate
Fluorodeoxyuridylate: 5-Fluoro-2'-deoxyuridylate. An inhibitor of thymidylate synthetase. Formed from 5-fluorouracil or 5-fluorodeoxyuridine.		1.9610pyrimidine 2'-deoxyribonucleoside 5'-monophosphate
2-naphthol
2-naphthol: RN given refers to parent cpd. 2-naphthol : A naphthol carrying a hydroxy group at position 2.. naphthols : Any hydroxynaphthalene derivative that has a single hydroxy substituent.		2.4110naphtholantinematodal drug;
genotoxin;
human urinary metabolite;
human xenobiotic metabolite;
mouse metabolite;
radical scavenger
oxythiamine
Oxythiamine: Thiamine antagonist, antimetabolite.. oxythiamine(1+) : A 1,3-thiazolium cation that is 5-(2-hydroxyethyl)-4-methyl-1,3-thiazole alkylated at the N3 position by a (2-methyl-4-oxo-1,4-dihydropyrimidin-5-yl)methyl group.		1.93101,3-thiazolium cationantimetabolite;
vitamin B1 antagonist
zephiramine
[no description available]		2.0610
nitrilotriacetic acid
Nitrilotriacetic Acid: A derivative of acetic acid, N(CH2COOH)3. It is a complexing (sequestering) agent that forms stable complexes with Zn2+. (From Miall's Dictionary of Chemistry, 5th ed.)		1.9710NTA;
tricarboxylic acid		carcinogenic agent;
nephrotoxic agent
tripropionin
tripropionin : A triglyceride obtained by formal acylation of the three hydroxy groups of glycerol by propionic acid.		1.9310propanoate ester;
triglyceride		flavouring agent
ethyl acetate
ethyl acetate : The acetate ester formed between acetic acid and ethanol.		2.1710acetate ester;
ethyl ester;
volatile organic compound		EC 3.4.19.3 (pyroglutamyl-peptidase I) inhibitor;
metabolite;
polar aprotic solvent;
Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite
sodium cyanide
Sodium Cyanide: A highly poisonous compound that is an inhibitor of many metabolic processes and is used as a test reagent for the function of chemoreceptors. It is also used in many industrial processes.. sodium cyanide : A cyanide salt containing equal numbers of sodium cations and cyanide anions.		2.3420cyanide salt;
one-carbon compound;
sodium salt		EC 1.15.1.1 (superoxide dismutase) inhibitor
monomethylarsonic acid
monomethylarsonic acid: structure given in first source		3.5380arsonic acids;
one-carbon compound;
organoarsonic acid
pregnenolone
[no description available]		1.921020-oxo steroid;
3beta-hydroxy-Delta(5)-steroid;
C21-steroid		human metabolite;
mouse metabolite
yohimbine
Yohimbine: A plant alkaloid with alpha-2-adrenergic blocking activity. Yohimbine has been used as a mydriatic and in the treatment of ERECTILE DYSFUNCTION.. yohimbine : An indole alkaloid with alpha2-adrenoceptor antagonist activity. It is produced by Corynanthe johimbe and Rauwolfia serpentina.		2.0110methyl 17-hydroxy-20xi-yohimban-16-carboxylatealpha-adrenergic antagonist;
dopamine receptor D2 antagonist;
serotonergic antagonist
pentoxyl
Pentoxyl: 5-Hydroxymethyl-6-methyl- 2,4-(1H,3H)-pyrimidinedione. Uracil derivative used in combination with toxic antibiotics to lessen their toxicity; also to stimulate leukopoiesis and immunity. Synonyms: pentoksil; hydroxymethylmethyluracil.		1.9510pyrimidone
ditiocarb
Ditiocarb: A chelating agent that has been used to mobilize toxic metals from the tissues of humans and experimental animals. It is the main metabolite of DISULFIRAM.. diethyldithiocarbamic acid : A member of the class of dithiocarbamic acids that is diethylcarbamic acid in which both of the oxygens are replaced by sulfur.		2.7430dithiocarbamic acidschelator;
copper chelator
potassium cyanide
[no description available]		3.5690cyanide salt;
one-carbon compound;
potassium salt		EC 1.15.1.1 (superoxide dismutase) inhibitor;
EC 1.9.3.1 (cytochrome c oxidase) inhibitor;
neurotoxin
dydrogesterone
[no description available]		3.41120-oxo steroid;
3-oxo-Delta(4) steroid		progestin
catechin
Catechin: An antioxidant flavonoid, occurring especially in woody plants as both (+)-catechin and (-)-epicatechin (cis) forms.. catechin : Members of the class of hydroxyflavan that have a flavan-3-ol skeleton and its substituted derivatives.. rac-catechin : A racemate comprising equimolar amounts of (+)- and (-)-catechin. (+)-catechin : The (+)-enantiomer of catechin and a polyphenolic antioxidant plant metabolite.		1.9510catechinantioxidant;
plant metabolite
thiamine pyrophosphate
Thiamine Pyrophosphate: The coenzyme form of Vitamin B1 present in many animal tissues. It is a required intermediate in the PYRUVATE DEHYDROGENASE COMPLEX and the KETOGLUTARATE DEHYDROGENASE COMPLEX.. thiamine(1+) diphosphate chloride : An organic chloride salt of thiamine(1+) diphosphate.		6.15260organic chloride salt;
vitamin B1
perylene
Perylene: A 20-carbon dibenz(de,kl)anthracene that can be viewed as a naphthalene fused to a phenalene or as dinaphthalene. It is used as fluorescent lipid probe in the cytochemistry of membranes and is a polycyclic hydrocarbon pollutant in soil and water. Derivatives may be carcinogenic.. perylene : An ortho- and peri-fused polycyclic arene comprising of five benzene rings that is anthracene in which the d,e and k,l sides are fused to benzene rings.		2.1710ortho- and peri-fused polycyclic arene;
perylenes
quinazolines
Quinazolines: A group of aromatic heterocyclic compounds that contain a bicyclic structure with two fused six-membered aromatic rings, a benzene ring and a pyrimidine ring.. quinazoline : A mancude organic heterobicyclic parent that is naphthalene in which the carbon atoms at positions 1 and 3 have been replaced by nitrogen atoms.. quinazolines : Any organic heterobicyclic compound based on a quinazoline skeleton and its substituted derivatives.		2.3720azaarene;
mancude organic heterobicyclic parent;
ortho-fused heteroarene;
quinazolines
acridines
Acridines: Compounds that include the structure of acridine.. acridine : A polycyclic heteroarene that is anthracene in which one of the central CH groups is replaced by a nitrogen atom.		4.4570acridines;
mancude organic heterotricyclic parent;
polycyclic heteroarene		genotoxin
indazoles
Indazoles: A group of heterocyclic aromatic organic compounds consisting of the fusion of BENZENE and PYRAZOLES.		2.0710indazole
cyclopentane
Cyclopentanes: A group of alicyclic hydrocarbons with the general formula R-C5H9.. cyclopentanes : Cyclopentane and its derivatives formed by substitution.		2.6530cycloalkane;
cyclopentanes;
volatile organic compound		non-polar solvent
oxazoles
Oxazoles: Five-membered heterocyclic ring structures containing an oxygen in the 1-position and a nitrogen in the 3-position, in distinction from ISOXAZOLES where they are at the 1,2 positions.. 1,3-oxazole : A five-membered monocyclic heteroarene that is an analogue of cyclopentadiene with O in place of CH2 at position 1 and N in place of CH at position 3.. oxazole : An azole based on a five-membered heterocyclic aromatic skeleton containing one N and one O atom.		2.01101,3-oxazoles;
mancude organic heteromonocyclic parent;
monocyclic heteroarene
thiazoles
[no description available]		4.61611,3-thiazoles;
mancude organic heteromonocyclic parent;
monocyclic heteroarene
pyrimidine
pyrimidine : The parent compound of the pyrimidines; a diazine having the two nitrogens at the 1- and 3-positions.		3.9640diazine;
pyrimidines		Daphnia magna metabolite
pyrazines
Pyrazines: A heterocyclic aromatic organic compound with the chemical formula C4H4N2.. pyrazine : A diazine that is benzene in which the carbon atoms at positions 1 and 4 have been replaced by nitrogen atoms.		5.5341diazine;
pyrazines		Daphnia magna metabolite
ethynodiol diacetate
Ethynodiol Diacetate: A synthetic progestational hormone used alone or in combination with estrogens as an oral contraceptive (CONTRACEPTIVES, ORAL).		3.7430steroid ester;
terminal acetylenic compound		contraceptive drug;
estrogen receptor modulator;
synthetic oral contraceptive
calcium gluconate
[no description available]		3.8130calcium saltnutraceutical
ephedrine
Ephedrine: A phenethylamine found in EPHEDRA SINICA. PSEUDOEPHEDRINE is an isomer. It is an alpha- and beta-adrenergic agonist that may also enhance release of norepinephrine. It has been used for asthma, heart failure, rhinitis, and urinary incontinence, and for its central nervous system stimulatory effects in the treatment of narcolepsy and depression. It has become less extensively used with the advent of more selective agonists.. (-)-ephedrine : A phenethylamine alkaloid that is 2-phenylethanamine substituted by a methyl group at the amino nitrogen and a methyl and a hydroxy group at position 2 and 1 respectively.		1.9410phenethylamine alkaloid;
phenylethanolamines		bacterial metabolite;
environmental contaminant;
nasal decongestant;
plant metabolite;
sympathomimetic agent;
vasoconstrictor agent;
xenobiotic
diiodotyrosine
Diiodotyrosine: A product from the iodination of MONOIODOTYROSINE. In the biosynthesis of thyroid hormones, diiodotyrosine residues are coupled with other monoiodotyrosine or diiodotyrosine residues to form T4 or T3 thyroid hormones (THYROXINE and TRIIODOTHYRONINE).. diiodotyrosine : A dihalogenated L-tyrosine which has two iodo-substituents on the benzyl moiety.. 3,5-diiodo-L-tyrosine : A diiodotyrosine that is L-tyrosine carrying iodo-substituents at positions C-3 and C-5 of the benzyl group. It is an intermediate in the thyroid hormone synthesis.		1.9410diiodotyrosine;
L-tyrosine derivative;
non-proteinogenic L-alpha-amino acid		human metabolite;
mouse metabolite
hydrazine
diamine : Any polyamine that contains two amino groups.		3.5890azane;
hydrazines		EC 4.3.1.10 (serine-sulfate ammonia-lyase) inhibitor
thiocyanate
thiocyanate: RN given refers to parent cpd. thiocyanate : A pseudohalide anion obtained by deprotonation of the thiol group of thiocyanic acid.		3.0650pseudohalide anion;
sulfur molecular entity		human metabolite
chlormadinone acetate
Chlormadinone Acetate: An orally active synthetic progestational hormone used often in combinations as an oral contraceptive (CONTRACEPTIVES, ORAL).		1.9410corticosteroid hormone
perfluorotributylamine
perfluorotributylamine: perfluorochemical (3M Co) artificial O(2) carrier. perfluorotributylamine : An organofluorine compound that is tributylamine in which all the hydrogens have been replaced by fluorine atoms.		1.9510organofluorine compoundblood substitute;
greenhouse gas;
solvent
dexamethasone 21-phosphate
dexamethasone 21-phosphate: has anti-inflammatory activity. dexamethasone phosphate : A steroid phosphate that is the 21-O-phospho derivative of dexamethasone.		2.061011beta-hydroxy steroid;
17-hydroxy steroid;
3-oxo-Delta(4) steroid;
fluorinated steroid;
steroid phosphate;
tertiary alpha-hydroxy ketone		glucocorticoid receptor agonist
monocrotaline
Monocrotaline: A pyrrolizidine alkaloid and a toxic plant constituent that poisons livestock and humans through the ingestion of contaminated grains and other foods. The alkaloid causes pulmonary artery hypertension, right ventricular hypertrophy, and pathological changes in the pulmonary vasculature. Significant attenuation of the cardiopulmonary changes are noted after oral magnesium treatment.		1.9610pyrrolizidine alkaloid
aminophylline
Aminophylline: A drug combination that contains THEOPHYLLINE and ethylenediamine. It is more soluble in water than theophylline but has similar pharmacologic actions. It's most common use is in bronchial asthma, but it has been investigated for several other applications.. aminophylline : A mixture comprising of theophylline and ethylenediamine in a 2:1 ratio.		2.6630mixturebronchodilator agent;
cardiotonic drug
azacitidine
Azacitidine: A pyrimidine analogue that inhibits DNA methyltransferase, impairing DNA methylation. It is also an antimetabolite of cytidine, incorporated primarily into RNA. Azacytidine has been used as an antineoplastic agent.. 5-azacytidine : An N-glycosyl-1,3,5-triazine that is 4-amino-1,3,5-triazin-2(1H)-one substituted by a beta-D-ribofuranosyl residue via an N-glycosidic linkage. An antineoplastic agent, it is used in the treatment of myeloid leukaemia.		2.1710N-glycosyl-1,3,5-triazine;
nucleoside analogue		antineoplastic agent
flurothyl
Flurothyl: A convulsant primarily used in experimental animals. It was formerly used to induce convulsions as a alternative to electroshock therapy.		1.9510ether
carbutamide
Carbutamide: A sulfonylurea antidiabetic agent with similar actions and uses to CHLORPROPAMIDE. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p277)		3.3311benzenes;
sulfonamide
galantamine
Galantamine: A benzazepine derived from norbelladine. It is found in GALANTHUS and other AMARYLLIDACEAE. It is a cholinesterase inhibitor that has been used to reverse the muscular effects of GALLAMINE TRIETHIODIDE and TUBOCURARINE and has been studied as a treatment for ALZHEIMER DISEASE and other central nervous system disorders.. galanthamine : A benzazepine alkaloid isolated from certain species of daffodils.		2.6430benzazepine alkaloid fundamental parent;
benzazepine alkaloid;
organic heterotetracyclic compound;
tertiary amino compound		antidote to curare poisoning;
cholinergic drug;
EC 3.1.1.7 (acetylcholinesterase) inhibitor;
EC 3.1.1.8 (cholinesterase) inhibitor;
plant metabolite
aminoimidazole carboxamide
Aminoimidazole Carboxamide: An imidazole derivative which is a metabolite of the antineoplastic agents BIC and DIC. By itself, or as the ribonucleotide, it is used as a condensation agent in the preparation of nucleosides and nucleotides. Compounded with orotic acid, it is used to treat liver diseases.. 5-aminoimidazole-4-carboxamide : An aminoimidazole in which the amino group is at C-5 with a carboxamido group at C-4.		4.7721aminoimidazole;
monocarboxylic acid amide		mouse metabolite
phenylbenzoquinone
phenylbenzoquinone: RN given refers to parent cpd		1.9610
thymidine monophosphate
Thymidine Monophosphate: 5-Thymidylic acid. A thymine nucleotide containing one phosphate group esterified to the deoxyribose moiety.. dTMP : The neutral species of thymidine 5'-monophosphate (2'-deoxythymidine 5'-monophosphate).		5.9350thymidine 5'-monophosphatefundamental metabolite
cuprizone
[no description available]		1.9610organonitrogen compound;
organooxygen compound
citrulline
citrulline : The parent compound of the citrulline class consisting of ornithine having a carbamoyl group at the N(5)-position.		3.89130amino acid zwitterion;
citrulline		Daphnia magna metabolite;
EC 1.14.13.39 (nitric oxide synthase) inhibitor;
Escherichia coli metabolite;
human metabolite;
micronutrient;
mouse metabolite;
nutraceutical;
plant metabolite;
protective agent;
Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite
betamethasone
Betamethasone: A glucocorticoid given orally, parenterally, by local injection, by inhalation, or applied topically in the management of various disorders in which corticosteroids are indicated. Its lack of mineralocorticoid properties makes betamethasone particularly suitable for treating cerebral edema and congenital adrenal hyperplasia. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p724)		4.66111beta-hydroxy steroid;
17alpha-hydroxy steroid;
20-oxo steroid;
21-hydroxy steroid;
3-oxo-Delta(1),Delta(4)-steroid;
fluorinated steroid;
glucocorticoid;
primary alpha-hydroxy ketone;
tertiary alpha-hydroxy ketone		anti-asthmatic agent;
anti-inflammatory drug;
immunosuppressive agent
cyproterone acetate
[no description available]		3.792120-oxo steroid;
3-oxo-Delta(4) steroid;
acetate ester;
chlorinated steroid;
steroid ester		androgen antagonist;
geroprotector;
progestin
nandrolone
Nandrolone: C18 steroid with androgenic and anabolic properties. It is generally prepared from alkyl ethers of ESTRADIOL to resemble TESTOSTERONE but less one carbon at the 19 position.. nandrolone : A 3-oxo Delta(4)-steroid that is estr-4-en-3-one substituted by a beta-hydroxy group at position 17.		6.6410117beta-hydroxy steroid;
3-oxo-Delta(4) steroid;
anabolic androgenic steroid		human metabolite
cyanogen
cyanogen: structure. oxalonitrile : A dinitrile that is ethane substituted by two cyano groups.		2.1110dinitrile;
pseudohalogen
hydantoins
Hydantoins: Compounds based on imidazolidine dione. Some derivatives are ANTICONVULSANTS.. imidazolidine-2,4-dione : An imidazolidinone with oxo groups at position 2 and 4.		3.1960imidazolidine-2,4-dione
fluorobenzenes
Fluorobenzenes: Derivatives of BENZENE that contain FLUORINE.. monofluorobenzene : The simplest member of the class of monofluorobenzenes that is benzene carrying a single fluoro substituent.. fluorobenzenes : Any fluoroarene that is a benzene or a substituted benzene carrying at least one fluoro group.		2.610monofluorobenzenesNMR chemical shift reference compound
homocystine
[no description available]		11.98645amino acid zwitterion;
homocystines		human metabolite
pipradrol
pipradrol: was heading 1963-94; PIPRADOL was see PIPRADROL 1978-94; use PIPERIDINES to search PIPRADROL 1966-94		2.9210diarylmethane
dextropropoxyphene
Dextropropoxyphene: A narcotic analgesic structurally related to METHADONE. Only the dextro-isomer has an analgesic effect; the levo-isomer appears to exert an antitussive effect.. propoxyphene : A racemate of the (1R,2R)- and (1S,2R)- diastereoisomers.. dextropropoxyphene : The (1S,2R)-(+)-diastereoisomer of propoxyphene.		1.94101-benzyl-3-(dimethylamino)-2-methyl-1-phenylpropyl propanoatemu-opioid receptor agonist;
opioid analgesic
limestone
Calcium Carbonate: Carbonic acid calcium salt (CaCO3). An odorless, tasteless powder or crystal that occurs in nature. It is used therapeutically as a phosphate buffer in hemodialysis patients and as a calcium supplement.. calcium carbonate : A calcium salt with formula CCaO3.		6.4153calcium salt;
carbonate salt;
inorganic calcium salt;
one-carbon compound		antacid;
fertilizer;
food colouring;
food firming agent
glycocholic acid
Glycocholic Acid: The glycine conjugate of CHOLIC ACID. It acts as a detergent to solubilize fats for absorption and is itself absorbed.. glycocholic acid : A bile acid glycine conjugate having cholic acid as the bile acid component.. glycocholate : A cholanic acid conjugate anion that is the conjugate base of glycocholic acid, obtained by deprotonation of the carboxy group; major species at pH 7.3.		3.66100bile acid glycine conjugatehuman metabolite
phosphoadenosine phosphosulfate
Phosphoadenosine Phosphosulfate: 3'-Phosphoadenosine-5'-phosphosulfate. Key intermediate in the formation by living cells of sulfate esters of phenols, alcohols, steroids, sulfated polysaccharides, and simple esters, such as choline sulfate. It is formed from sulfate ion and ATP in a two-step process. This compound also is an important step in the process of sulfur fixation in plants and microorganisms.. 3'-phospho-5'-adenylyl sulfate : An adenosine bisphosphate having monophosphate groups at the 3'- and 5'-positions and a sulfo group attached to the phosphate at position 5'.		2.1310acyl sulfate;
adenosine bisphosphate;
purine ribonucleoside bisphosphate		Escherichia coli metabolite;
mouse metabolite
emetine
Emetine: The principal alkaloid of ipecac, from the ground roots of Uragoga (or Cephaelis) ipecacuanha or U. acuminata, of the Rubiaceae. It is used as an amebicide in many different preparations and may cause serious cardiac, hepatic, or renal damage and violent diarrhea and vomiting. Emetine inhibits protein synthesis in EUKARYOTIC CELLS but not PROKARYOTIC CELLS.. emetine : A pyridoisoquinoline comprising emetam having methoxy substituents at the 6'-, 7'-, 10- and 11-positions. It is an antiprotozoal agent and emetic. It inhibits SARS-CoV2, Zika and Ebola virus replication and displays antimalarial, antineoplastic and antiamoebic properties.		2.3420isoquinoline alkaloid;
pyridoisoquinoline		antiamoebic agent;
anticoronaviral agent;
antiinfective agent;
antimalarial;
antineoplastic agent;
antiprotozoal drug;
antiviral agent;
autophagy inhibitor;
emetic;
expectorant;
plant metabolite;
protein synthesis inhibitor
reticulin
Reticulin: A scleroprotein fibril consisting mostly of type III collagen. Reticulin fibrils are extremely thin, with a diameter of between 0.5 and 2 um. They are involved in maintaining the structural integrity in a variety of organs.		1.9610benzylisoquinoline alkaloid;
benzyltetrahydroisoquinoline;
isoquinolinol		plant metabolite
ninhydrin
Ninhydrin: 2,2-Dihydroxy-1H-indene-1,3-(2H)-dione. Reagent toxic to skin and mucus membranes. It is used in chemical assay for peptide bonds, i.e., protein determinations and has radiosensitizing properties.. ninhydrin : A member of the class of indanones that is indane-1,3-dione bearing two additional hydroxy substituents at position 2.		2.3320aromatic ketone;
beta-diketone;
indanones;
ketone hydrate		colour indicator;
human metabolite
phenylpropanolamine
Phenylpropanolamine: A sympathomimetic that acts mainly by causing release of NOREPINEPHRINE but also has direct agonist activity at some adrenergic receptors. It is most commonly used as a nasal vasoconstrictor and an appetite depressant.. phenylpropanolamine : An amphetamine in which the parent 1-phenylpropan-2-amine skeleton is substituted at position 1 with an hydroxy group. A decongestant and appetite suppressant, it is commonly used in prescription and over-the-counter cough and cold preparations.. (-)-norephedrine : An amphetamine that is propylbenzene substituted by a hydroxy group at position 1 and by an amino group at position 2 (the 1R,2S-stereoisomer). It is a plant alkaloid.		210amphetamines;
phenethylamine alkaloid		plant metabolite
sodium carbonate
sodium carbonate: used topically for dermatitides, mouthwash, vaginal douche; veterinary use as emergency emetic; RN given refers to carbonic acid, di-Na salt; structure		2.0710carbonate salt;
organic sodium salt
indophenol
Indophenol: A deep blue dye (with the formula OC6H4NC6H4OH) used to detect AMMONIA in a common test called the Berthelot's reaction and to detect PARACETAMOL by spectrophotometry.. indophenol : A quinone imine obtained by formal condensation of one of the keto groups of benzoquinone with the amino group of 4-hydroxyaniline.		1.9410quinone iminedye
caprolactone
hexano-6-lactone : A epsilon-lactone that is oxepane substituted by an oxo group at position 2.		2.0310epsilon-lactone
oxetane
oxetane: structure. oxetane : A saturated organic heteromonocyclic parent that is a four-membered ring comprising of three carbon atoms and an oxygen atom.		2.4110oxetanes;
saturated organic heteromonocyclic parent
alpha-aminopyridine
alpha-aminopyridine: RN given refers to parent cpd; structure in Merck Index, 9th ed, #485. aminopyridine : Compounds containing a pyridine skeleton substituted by one or more amine groups.		3.1610
1,3-propanediol
propane-1,3-diol : The simplest member of the class of propane-1,3-diols, consisting of propane in which one hydrogen from each methyl group is substituted by a hydroxy group. A colourless, viscous, water-miscible liquid with a high (210degreeC) boiling point, it is used in the synthesis of certain polymers and as a solvent and antifreeze.		3.6280propane-1,3-diolsmetabolite;
protic solvent
thiazolidines
Thiazolidines: Reduced (protonated) form of THIAZOLES. They can be oxidized to THIAZOLIDINEDIONES.		1.9910thiazolidine
margaric acid
margaric acid: RN given refers to unlabeled parent cpd. heptadecanoic acid : A C17 saturated fatty acid and trace component of fats in ruminants.		1.9810long-chain fatty acid;
straight-chain saturated fatty acid		algal metabolite;
Daphnia magna metabolite;
mammalian metabolite
cyanogen bromide
Cyanogen Bromide: Cyanogen bromide (CNBr). A compound used in molecular biology to digest some proteins and as a coupling reagent for phosphoroamidate or pyrophosphate internucleotide bonds in DNA duplexes.		2.3520
cyanogen chloride
cyanogen chloride: structure		2.5220
dithiazanine
Dithiazanine: 3-Ethyl-2-(5-(3-ethyl-2-benzothiazolinylidene)-1,3- pentadienyl)benzothiazolium. A benzothiazole that was formerly used as an antinematodal agent and is currently used as a fluorescent dye.. dithiazanine : A cationic C3-cyanine dye with 3-ethylbenzothiazol-2-yl groups at both ends.		2.3420benzothiazoles;
benzothiazolium ion		anthelminthic drug;
fluorochrome
medroxyprogesterone
[no description available]		2.352017alpha-hydroxy steroid;
20-oxo steroid;
3-oxo-Delta(4) steroid;
tertiary alpha-hydroxy ketone		contraceptive drug;
progestin;
synthetic oral contraceptive
dihydrotestosterone
Dihydrotestosterone: A potent androgenic metabolite of TESTOSTERONE. It is produced by the action of the enzyme 3-OXO-5-ALPHA-STEROID 4-DEHYDROGENASE.. 17beta-hydroxyandrostan-3-one : A 17beta-hydroxy steroid that is testosterone in which the 4-5 double bond has been reduced to a single bond with unspecified configuration at position 5.. 17beta-hydroxy-5alpha-androstan-3-one : A 17beta-hydroxy steroid that is testosterone in which the 4,5 double bond has been reduced to a single bond with alpha-configuration at position 5.		2.362017beta-hydroxy steroid;
17beta-hydroxyandrostan-3-one;
3-oxo-5alpha-steroid		androgen;
Daphnia magna metabolite;
human metabolite;
mouse metabolite
luminol
Luminol: 5-Amino-2,3-dihydro-1,4-phthalazinedione. Substance that emits light on oxidation. It is used in chemical determinations.		3.1250
copper gluconate
Gluconates: Derivatives of gluconic acid (the structural formula HOCH2(CHOH)4COOH), including its salts and esters.		4.2441organic molecular entity
azomycin
azomycin: RN given refers to parent cpd with specified locant; structure		2.0710C-nitro compound;
imidazoles		antitubercular agent
cellobiose
beta-cellobiose : A cellobiose with beta configuration at the reducing-end glucose residue.		2.0610cellobioseepitope
thiamine monophosphate
Thiamine Monophosphate: Thiamine dihydrogen phosphate ester. The monophosphate ester of thiamine. Synonyms: monophosphothiamine; vitamin B1 monophosphate.. thiamine(1+) monophosphate chloride : An organic chloride salt of thiamine(1+) monophosphate.		1.9610organic chloride salt;
vitamin B1
chlormethiazole
Chlormethiazole: A sedative and anticonvulsant often used in the treatment of alcohol withdrawal. Chlormethiazole has also been proposed as a neuroprotective agent. The mechanism of its therapeutic activity is not entirely clear, but it does potentiate GAMMA-AMINOBUTYRIC ACID receptors response and it may also affect glycine receptors.		1.9510thiazoles
4,6-dinitro-o-cresol
4,6-dinitro-o-cresol: RN given refers to parent cpd; structure. 4,6-dinitro-o-cresol : A hydroxytoluene that is o-cresol carrying nitro substituents at positions 4 and 6.		1.9310dinitrophenol acaricide;
hydroxytoluene;
nitrotoluene		dinitrophenol insecticide;
fungicide;
herbicide
pyrithiamine
Pyrithiamine: A thiamine antagonist due to its inhibition of thiamine pyrophosphorylation. It is used to produce thiamine deficiency.. pyrithiamine : A pyridinium ion that is 3-(2-hydroxyethyl)-2-methylpyridine substituted at position 1 by a (4-amino-2-methylpyrimidin-5-yl)methyl group.		1.9310
methoxyhydroxyphenylglycol
Methoxyhydroxyphenylglycol: Synthesized from endogenous epinephrine and norepinephrine in vivo. It is found in brain, blood, CSF, and urine, where its concentrations are used to measure catecholamine turnover.		3.3911methoxybenzenes;
phenols
phenylacetylene
phenylacetylene: can polymerize into DENDRIMERS		2.5320benzenes
methamphetamine
Methamphetamine: A central nervous system stimulant and sympathomimetic with actions and uses similar to DEXTROAMPHETAMINE. The smokable form is a drug of abuse and is referred to as crank, crystal, crystal meth, ice, and speed.. methamphetamine : A member of the class of amphetamines in which the amino group of (S)-amphetamine carries a methyl substituent.		2.0510amphetamines;
secondary amine		central nervous system stimulant;
environmental contaminant;
neurotoxin;
psychotropic drug;
xenobiotic
diphenylcarbazone
diphenylcarbazone: sensitive reagent for Hg, for which it gives blue color; structure		2.2110
1,2-dichloroethylene
1,2-dichloroethylene: RN given refers to cpd without isomeric designation		2.0710chloroethenes
malondialdehyde
Malondialdehyde: The dialdehyde of malonic acid.. malonaldehyde : A dialdehyde that is propane substituted by two oxo groups at the terminal carbon atoms respectively. A biomarker of oxidative damage to lipids caused by smoking, it exists in vivo mainly in the enol form.		8.81265dialdehydebiomarker
cadmium acetate
cadmium acetate: RN given refers to parent cpd		1.9610
n-butyl nitrite
n-butyl nitrite: RN given refers to parent cpd; structure in Merck Index, 9th ed, #1570		1.9610nitroso compound
n-hexadecane
n-hexadecane: structure. hexadecane : A straight-chain alkane with 16 carbon atoms. It is a component of essential oil isolated from long pepper.		2.1110long-chain alkanenon-polar solvent;
plant metabolite;
volatile oil component
violacein
[no description available]		1.9710
gentian violet
Gentian Violet: A dye that is a mixture of violet rosanilinis with antibacterial, antifungal, and anthelmintic properties.. crystal violet : An organic chloride salt that is the monochloride salt of crystal violet cation. It has been used in creams for the topical treatment of bacterial and fungal infections, being effective against some Gram-positive bacteria (notably Staphylococcus species) and some pathogenic fungi (including Candida species) but use declined following reports of animal carcinogenicity. It has also been used for dying wood, silk, and paper, as well as a histological stain.		2.3620organic chloride saltanthelminthic drug;
antibacterial agent;
antifungal agent;
antiseptic drug;
histological dye
hematoporphyrin
Hematoporphyrins: Iron-free derivatives of heme with 4 methyl groups, 2 hydroxyethyl groups and 2 propionic acid groups attached to the pyrrole rings. Some of these PHOTOSENSITIZING AGENTS are used in the PHOTOTHERAPY of malignant NEOPLASMS.. hematoporphyrin : A dicarboxylic acid that is protoporphyrin in which the vinyl groups at positions 7 and 12 are replaced by 1-hydroxyethyl groups.		3.0450
neutral red
Neutral Red: A vital dye used as an indicator and biological stain. Various adverse effects have been observed in biological systems.. neutral red : A hydrochloride obtained by combining the free base of neutral red with one equivalent of hydrochloric acid. Neutral red acts as a pH indicator, changing from red to yellow between pH 6.8 and 8.0.		2.0310hydrochlorideacid-base indicator;
dye;
two-colour indicator
lithium carbonate
Lithium Carbonate: A lithium salt, classified as a mood-stabilizing agent. Lithium ion alters the metabolism of BIOGENIC MONOAMINES in the CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM, and affects multiple neurotransmission systems.		2.0410carbonate salt;
lithium salt		antimanic drug
glycerylphosphorylcholine
Glycerylphosphorylcholine: A component of PHOSPHATIDYLCHOLINES or LECITHINS, in which the two hydroxy groups of GLYCEROL are esterified with fatty acids. (From Stedman, 26th ed)		1.9610glycerophosphocholine
diepoxybutane
diepoxybutane: difunctional alkylating agent; RN given refers to cpd with unspecified isomeric designation; structure		2.0510epoxidemutagen
malachite green
malachite green: RN given refers to parent cpd; structure. malachite green : An organic chloride salt that is the monochloride salt of malachite green cation. Used as a green-coloured dye, as a counter-stain in histology, and for its anti-fungal properties in aquaculture.		2.0110organic chloride saltantibacterial agent;
antifungal drug;
carcinogenic agent;
environmental contaminant;
fluorochrome;
histological dye;
teratogenic agent
levulinic acid
levulinic acid: inhibits 5-aminolevulinic acid dehydratase; RN given refers to parent cpd; structure in Merck Index, 9th ed, #5316. 4-oxopentanoic acid : An oxopentanoic acid with the oxo group in the 4-position.		2.6330oxopentanoic acid;
straight-chain saturated fatty acid		plant metabolite
methyl n-butyl ketone
Methyl n-Butyl Ketone: An industrial solvent which causes nervous system degeneration. MBK is an acronym often used to refer to it.. hexanone : A ketone that is a hexane carrying an oxo substituent at unspecified position.		1.9710ketone
octadecane
octadecane: RN given refers to parent cpd. octadecane : A straight-chain alkane carrying 18 carbon atoms.		210long-chain alkanebacterial metabolite;
plant metabolite
2-hydroxyisobutyric acid
2-hydroxyisobutyric acid : A 2-hydroxy monocarboxylic acid that is isobutyric acid bearing a hydroxy substituent at position 2. It is a metabolite of methyl tertiary-butyl ether.		2.74302-hydroxy monocarboxylic acidhuman xenobiotic metabolite
ethylmalonic acid
ethylmalonic acid: don't confuse with diethyl malonate, which is a diester. ethylmalonate : A dicarboxylic acid anion obtained by deprotonation of at least one of the carboxy groups of ethylmalonic acid.. ethylmalonic acid : A dicarboxylic acid obtained by substitution of one of the methylene hydrogens of malonic acid by an ethyl group.		1.9710dicarboxylic acid;
dicarboxylic fatty acid		human metabolite
2,6-dibromophenol
2,6-dibromophenol : A dibromophenol that is phenol in which both of the hydrogens that are ortho to the phenolic hydroxy group have been replaced by bromines.		2.1110bromohydrocarbon;
dibromophenol		marine metabolite
2-anthramine
2-anthramine: structure		2.0810anthracenamine
acetylcysteine
N-acetyl-L-cysteine : An N-acetyl-L-amino acid that is the N-acetylated derivative of the natural amino acid L-cysteine.		7.39140acetylcysteine;
L-cysteine derivative;
N-acetyl-L-amino acid		antidote to paracetamol poisoning;
antiinfective agent;
antioxidant;
antiviral drug;
ferroptosis inhibitor;
geroprotector;
human metabolite;
mucolytic;
radical scavenger;
vulnerary
diazoacetic ester
diazoacetic ester: structure		2.4620
6-methyluracil
6-methyluracil: RN given refers to unlabeled cpd; structure. 6-methyluracil : A pyrimidone that is uracil with a methyl group at position 6.		1.9810pyrimidonemetabolite
c.i. 42510
Rosaniline Dyes: Compounds that contain the triphenylmethane aniline structure found in rosaniline. Many of them have a characteristic magenta color and are used as COLORING AGENTS.. basic fuchsin : A four-component mixture of chemically related dyes comprising pararosanilin, rosanilin, magenta II and new fuchsin in varying amounts. rosanilin : A hydrochloride that is the monohydrochloride of 4-[(4-aminophenyl)(4-iminocyclohexa-2,5-dien-1-ylidene)methyl]-2-methylaniline. One of the major constituents of Basic fuchsin, together with pararosanilin, magenta II and new fuchsin.		2.0110
erythromycin
Erythromycin: A bacteriostatic antibiotic macrolide produced by Streptomyces erythreus. Erythromycin A is considered its major active component. In sensitive organisms, it inhibits protein synthesis by binding to 50S ribosomal subunits. This binding process inhibits peptidyl transferase activity and interferes with translocation of amino acids during translation and assembly of proteins.. erythromycin : Any of several wide-spectrum macrolide antibiotics obtained from actinomycete Saccharopolyspora erythraea (formerly known as Streptomyces erythraeus).. erythromycin A : An erythromycin that consists of erythronolide A having 2,6-dideoxy-3-C-methyl-3-O-methyl-alpha-L-ribo-hexopyranosyl and 3,4,6-trideoxy-3-(dimethylamino)-beta-D-xylo-hexopyranosyl residues attahced at positions 4 and 6 respectively.		6.51151cyclic ketone;
erythromycin
isovanillic acid
3-hydroxy-4-methoxybenzoic acid : A methoxybenzoic acid that is 4-methoxybenzoic acid bearing a hydroxy substituent at position 3.		1.9810methoxybenzoic acid;
monohydroxybenzoic acid		antibacterial agent;
plant metabolite
dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate
Dehydroepiandrosterone Sulfate: The circulating form of a major C19 steroid produced primarily by the ADRENAL CORTEX. DHEA sulfate serves as a precursor for TESTOSTERONE; ANDROSTENEDIONE; ESTRADIOL; and ESTRONE.. dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate : A steroid sulfate that is the 3-sulfooxy derivative of dehydroepiandrosterone.		2.452017-oxo steroid;
steroid sulfate		EC 2.7.1.33 (pantothenate kinase) inhibitor;
human metabolite;
mouse metabolite
diisopropylamine dichloroacetate
diisopropylamine dichloroacetate: stimulates smooth muscle & strongly inhibits acetylcholinesterase activity		1.9410carboxylic acid;
organohalogen compound
homoserine
homoserine : An alpha-amino acid that is glycine substituted at the alpha-position by a 2-hydroxyethyl group.. L-homoserine : The L-enantiomer of homoserine.		2.3520amino acid zwitterion;
homoserine		algal metabolite;
Escherichia coli metabolite;
human metabolite;
Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite
nitrosoguanidines
Nitrosoguanidines: Nitrosylated derivatives of guanidine. They are used as MUTAGENS in MOLECULAR BIOLOGY research.		2.3520
methylnitrosourea
Methylnitrosourea: A nitrosourea compound with alkylating, carcinogenic, and mutagenic properties.. N-methyl-N-nitrosourea : A member of the class of N-nitrosoureas that is urea in which one of the nitrogens is substituted by methyl and nitroso groups.		2.7230N-nitrosoureasalkylating agent;
carcinogenic agent;
mutagen;
teratogenic agent
diphenyliodonium
diphenyliodonium: RN given refers to the parent coumpound; inhibitor of neutrophil superoxide generating oxidase; structure has been determined		2.1510
ethylnitrosourea
Ethylnitrosourea: A nitrosourea compound with alkylating, carcinogenic, and mutagenic properties.. N-ethyl-N-nitrosourea : A member of the class of N-nitrosoureas that is urea in which one of the nitrogens is substituted by ethyl and nitroso groups.		2.3720N-nitrosoureasalkylating agent;
carcinogenic agent;
genotoxin;
mutagen
potassium citrate
Potassium Citrate: A powder that dissolves in water, which is administered orally, and is used as a diuretic, expectorant, systemic alkalizer, and electrolyte replenisher.. potassium citrate (anhydrous) : The anhydrous form of the tripotassium salt of citric acid.		2.4820potassium saltdiuretic
3,4-epoxy-1-butene
3,4-epoxy-1-butene: RN given refers to monomer		2.1710
deoxycytidine
[no description available]		7.1692pyrimidine 2'-deoxyribonucleosideEscherichia coli metabolite;
human metabolite;
mouse metabolite;
Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite
deoxyuridine
[no description available]		10.72782pyrimidine 2'-deoxyribonucleosideEscherichia coli metabolite;
human metabolite;
mouse metabolite;
Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite
2'-deoxyadenosine
2'-deoxyformycin A: RN not in Chemline 9/85; RN and structure given in first source		2.2110purine 2'-deoxyribonucleoside;
purines 2'-deoxy-D-ribonucleoside		Escherichia coli metabolite;
human metabolite;
mouse metabolite;
Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite
ethylestrenol
Ethylestrenol: An anabolic steroid with some progestational activity and little androgenic effect.. ethylestrenol : A 17beta-hydroxy steroid that is estrane containing a double bond between positions 4 and 5 and substituted by an ethyl group and a hydroxy group at the 17alpha and 17beta positions, respectively. It is an anabolic steroid that has little androgenic effect and only slight progestational activity. It has been used to promote growth in boys with delayed bone growth.		4.023117beta-hydroxy steroid;
tertiary alcohol		anabolic agent
cytidine diphosphate choline
Cytidine Diphosphate Choline: Donor of choline in biosynthesis of choline-containing phosphoglycerides.		6.7843nucleotide-(amino alcohol)s;
phosphocholines		human metabolite;
mouse metabolite;
neuroprotective agent;
psychotropic drug;
Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite
rhodamine 6g
rhodamine 6G: RN given refers to HCl		2.9740
ethambutol
Ethambutol: An antitubercular agent that inhibits the transfer of mycolic acids into the cell wall of the tubercle bacillus. It may also inhibit the synthesis of spermidine in mycobacteria. The action is usually bactericidal, and the drug can penetrate human cell membranes to exert its lethal effect. (From Smith and Reynard, Textbook of Pharmacology, 1992, p863). ethambutol : An ethylenediamine derivative that is ethane-1,2-diamine in which one hydrogen attached to each of the nitrogens is sutstituted by a 1-hydroxybutan-2-yl group (S,S-configuration). It is a bacteriostatic antimycobacterial drug, effective against Mycobacterium tuberculosis and some other mycobacteria. It is used (as the dihydrochloride salt) in combination with other antituberculous drugs in the treatment of pulmonary and extrapulmonary tuberculosis; resistant strains of M. tuberculosis are readily produced if ethambutol is used alone.		2.3820ethanolamines;
ethylenediamine derivative		antitubercular agent;
environmental contaminant;
xenobiotic
pyrithioxin
Pyrithioxin: A neurotropic agent which reduces permeability of blood-brain barrier to phosphate. It has no vitamin B6 activity.		1.9310methylpyridines
tetramethylpyrazine
tetramethylpyrazine: found in Ligusticum chuanxiong. tetramethylpyrazine : A member of the class of pyrazines that is pyrazine in which all four hydrogens have been replaced by methyl groups. An alkaloid extracted from Chuanxiong (Ligusticum wallichii).		2.3110alkaloid;
pyrazines		antineoplastic agent;
apoptosis inhibitor;
bacterial metabolite;
neuroprotective agent;
platelet aggregation inhibitor;
vasodilator agent
carmine
Carmine: Coloring matter from the insect Coccus cacti L. It is used in foods, pharmaceuticals, toiletries, etc., as a dye, and also has use as a microscopic stain and biological marker.		3.3411
durapatite
Durapatite: The mineral component of bones and teeth; it has been used therapeutically as a prosthetic aid and in the prevention and treatment of osteoporosis.. hydroxylapatite : A phosphate mineral with the formula Ca5(PO4)3(OH).		2.0310
sodium hydroxide
Sodium Hydroxide: A highly caustic substance that is used to neutralize acids and make sodium salts. (From Merck Index, 11th ed)		3.0450alkali metal hydroxide
ferrous sulfide
ferrous sulfide: RN given refers to cpd with MF of Fe-S; mackinawite & troilite both have MF Fe-S		2.4920
arsenic trioxide
Arsenic Trioxide: An inorganic compound with the chemical formula As2O3 that is used for the treatment of ACUTE PROMYELOCYTIC LEUKEMIA in patients who have relapsed from, or are resistant to, conventional drug therapy.		2.4520
hydrofluoric acid
Hydrofluoric Acid: Hydrofluoric acid. A solution of hydrogen fluoride in water. It is a colorless fuming liquid which can cause painful burns.. hydrogen fluoride : A diatomic molecule containing covalently bonded hydrogen and fluorine atoms.. organofluorine compound : An organofluorine compound is a compound containing at least one carbon-fluorine bond.		1.9310hydrogen halide;
mononuclear parent hydride		NMR chemical shift reference compound
vancomycin
Vancomycin: Antibacterial obtained from Streptomyces orientalis. It is a glycopeptide related to RISTOCETIN that inhibits bacterial cell wall assembly and is toxic to kidneys and the inner ear.. vancomycin : A complex glycopeptide from Streptomyces orientalis. It inhibits a specific step in the synthesis of the peptidoglycan layer in the Gram-positive bacteria Staphylococcus aureus and Clostridium difficile.		4.341glycopeptideantibacterial drug;
antimicrobial agent;
bacterial metabolite
glycyrrhizic acid
glycyrrhizinic acid : A triterpenoid saponin that is the glucosiduronide derivative of 3beta-hydroxy-11-oxoolean-12-en-30-oic acid.		3.0410enone;
glucosiduronic acid;
pentacyclic triterpenoid;
tricarboxylic acid;
triterpenoid saponin		EC 3.4.21.5 (thrombin) inhibitor;
plant metabolite
d-alpha tocopherol
Vitamin E: A generic descriptor for all TOCOPHEROLS and TOCOTRIENOLS that exhibit ALPHA-TOCOPHEROL activity. By virtue of the phenolic hydrogen on the 2H-1-benzopyran-6-ol nucleus, these compounds exhibit varying degree of antioxidant activity, depending on the site and number of methyl groups and the type of ISOPRENOIDS.. tocopherol : A collective name for a group of closely related lipids that contain a chroman-6-ol nucleus substituted at position 2 by a methyl group and by a saturated hydrocarbon chain consisting of three isoprenoid units. They are designated as alpha-, beta-, gamma-, and delta-tocopherol depending on the number and position of additional methyl substituents on the aromatic ring. Tocopherols occur in vegetable oils and vegetable oil products, almost exclusively with R,R,R configuration. Tocotrienols differ from tocopherols only in having three double bonds in the hydrocarbon chain.. vitamin E : Any member of a group of fat-soluble chromanols that exhibit biological activity against vitamin E deficiency. The vitamers in this class consists of a chroman-6-ol core which is substituted at position 2 by a methyl group and (also at position 2) either a saturated or a triply-unsaturated hydrocarbon chain consisting of three isoprenoid units. The major function of vitamin E is to act as a natural antioxidant by scavenging free radicals and molecular oxygen.. (R,R,R)-alpha-tocopherol : An alpha-tocopherol that has R,R,R configuration. The naturally occurring stereoisomer of alpha-tocopherol, it is found particularly in sunflower and olive oils.		18.6123221alpha-tocopherolalgal metabolite;
antiatherogenic agent;
anticoagulant;
antioxidant;
antiviral agent;
EC 2.7.11.13 (protein kinase C) inhibitor;
immunomodulator;
micronutrient;
nutraceutical;
plant metabolite
tocopherols
[no description available]		6.1862
selenomethionine
[no description available]		2.3820selenoamino acid;
selenomethionines		plant metabolite
flurandrenolone
Flurandrenolone: A corticosteroid used topically in the treatment of various skin disorders. It is usually employed as a cream or an ointment, and is also used as a polyethylene tape with an adhesive. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p733)		1.941021-hydroxy steroid
dodecyldimethylamine oxide
dodecyldimethylamine oxide: zwitterionic detergent. dodecyldimethylamine N-oxide : A tertiary amine oxide resulting from the formal oxidation of the amino group of dodecyldimethylamine.		2.0610tertiary amine oxidedetergent;
plant metabolite
spectinomycin
Spectinomycin: An antibiotic produced by Streptomyces spectabilis. It is active against gram-negative bacteria and used for the treatment of GONORRHEA.. spectinomycin dihydrochloride : A hydrochloride obtained by combining spectinomycin with two molar equivalents of hydrochloric acid. An antibiotic that is active against gram-negative bacteria and used (as its pentahydrate) to treat gonorrhea.. spectinomycin : A pyranobenzodioxin and antibiotic that is active against gram-negative bacteria and used (as its dihydrochloride pentahydrate) to treat gonorrhea. It is produced by the bacterium Streptomyces spectabilis.		3.4720cyclic acetal;
cyclic hemiketal;
cyclic ketone;
pyranobenzodioxin;
secondary alcohol;
secondary amino compound		antibacterial drug;
antimicrobial agent;
bacterial metabolite
ethyldimethylaminopropyl carbodiimide
Ethyldimethylaminopropyl Carbodiimide: Carbodiimide cross-linking reagent.		2.420
phenyltrimethylammonium
phenyltrimethylammonium: d9-cpd suppresses methylation artifacts in gas chromatography of serum extracts; RN given refers to parent cpd. trimethylphenylammonium : A quaternary ammonium ion obtained by methylation of N,N-dimethylaniline.		2.0110quaternary ammonium ion
paraquat
Paraquat: A poisonous dipyridilium compound used as contact herbicide. Contact with concentrated solutions causes irritation of the skin, cracking and shedding of the nails, and delayed healing of cuts and wounds.. paraquat : An organic cation that consists of 4,4'-bipyridine bearing two N-methyl substituents loctated at the 1- and 1'-positions.		1.9610organic cationgeroprotector;
herbicide
s,n,n'-tripropylthiocarbamate
Reward: An object or a situation that can serve to reinforce a response, to satisfy a motive, or to afford pleasure.. vernolate : A monounsaturated fatty acid anion that is the conjugate base of vernolic acid, obtained by deprotonation of the carboxy group; major species at pH 7.3.		3.1410tertiary amine
betamethasone valerate
Betamethasone Valerate: The 17-valerate derivative of BETAMETHASONE. It has substantial topical anti-inflammatory activity and relatively low systemic anti-inflammatory activity.. betamethasone valerate : A steroid ester that is betamethasone in which the hydroxy group at the 17alpha position has been converted to the corresponding pentanoate ester.		1.951011beta-hydroxy steroid;
20-oxo steroid;
21-hydroxy steroid;
3-oxo-Delta(1),Delta(4)-steroid;
fluorinated steroid;
primary alpha-hydroxy ketone;
steroid ester		anti-inflammatory drug
n-isopropylacrylamide
N-isopropylacrylamide: can polymerize with glycidyl acrylate to form reactive water-soluble polymer that can react with the amino groups of enzymes-proteins or other ligands		2.4420
oxyclozanide
Oxyclozanide: Anthelmintic used in grazing animals for fasciola and cestode infestations.		1.9710
fluorescein
Fluorescein: A phthalic indicator dye that appears yellow-green in normal tear film and bright green in a more alkaline medium such as the aqueous humor.. fluorescein (lactone form) : A xanthene dye that is highly fluorescent, detectable even when present in minute quantities. Used forensically to detect traces of blood, in analytical chemistry as an indicator in silver nitrate titrations and in microscopy.		3.4702-benzofurans;
gamma-lactone;
organic heteropentacyclic compound;
oxaspiro compound;
polyphenol;
xanthene dye		fluorescent dye;
radioopaque medium
methylprednisolone hemisuccinate
Methylprednisolone Hemisuccinate: A water-soluble ester of METHYLPREDNISOLONE used for cardiac, allergic, and hypoxic emergencies.		1.9810corticosteroid hormone;
hemisuccinate
mirex
Mirex: An organochlorine insecticide that is carcinogenic.		1.9510chlorocarbon;
organochlorine insecticide		persistent organic pollutant
fucose
Fucose: A six-member ring deoxysugar with the chemical formula C6H12O5. It lacks a hydroxyl group on the carbon at position 6 of the molecule.. L-fucopyranose : The pyranose form of L-fucose.. fucose : Any deoxygalactose that is deoxygenated at the 6-position.		2.940fucopyranose;
L-fucose		Escherichia coli metabolite;
mouse metabolite
sulfadoxine
Sulfadoxine: A long acting sulfonamide that is used, usually in combination with other drugs, for respiratory, urinary tract, and malarial infections.. sulfadoxine : A sulfonamide consisting of pyrimidine having methoxy substituents at the 5- and 6-positions and a 4-aminobenzenesulfonamido group at the 4-position. In combination with the antiprotozoal pyrimethamine (CHEBI:8673) it is used as an antimalarial.		2.0810pyrimidines;
sulfonamide		antibacterial drug;
antimalarial
sulfuryl fluoride
sulfuryl fluoride: fumigant		2.2510sulfuryl halidefumigant insecticide
methyl methanethiosulfonate
S-methyl methanethiosulfonate : A sulfonic acid derivative obtained by condensaton of methanesulfonic acid with methanethiol.		1.9910sulfonic acid derivative;
thiosulfonate ester		metabolite
stavudine
Stavudine: A dideoxynucleoside analog that inhibits reverse transcriptase and has in vitro activity against HIV.. stavudine : A nucleoside analogue obtained by formal dehydration across positions 2 and 3 of thymidine. An inhibitor of HIV-1 reverse transcriptase		2.0110dihydrofuran;
nucleoside analogue;
organic molecular entity		antimetabolite;
antiviral agent;
EC 2.7.7.49 (RNA-directed DNA polymerase) inhibitor
fluorescein-5-isothiocyanate
Fluorescein-5-isothiocyanate: Fluorescent probe capable of being conjugated to tissue and proteins. It is used as a label in fluorescent antibody staining procedures as well as protein- and amino acid-binding techniques.. fluorescein 5-isothiocyanate : The 5-isomer of fluorescein isothiocyanate. Acts as a fluorescent probe capable of being conjugated to tissue and proteins; used as a label in fluorescent antibody staining procedures as well as protein- and amino acid-binding techniques.		2.9440fluorescein isothiocyanate
sabinene
sabinene: RN given refers to cpd without isomeric designation. sabinene : A thujene that is a bicyclic monoterpene isolated from the essential oils of various plant species.		3.411thujeneplant metabolite
dithiothreitol
1,4-dimercaptobutane-2,3-diol : A glycol that is butane-2,3-diol in which a hydrogen from each of the methyl groups is replaced by a thiol group.. 1,4-dithiothreitol : The threo-diastereomer of 1,4-dimercaptobutane-2,3-diol.		4.121601,4-dimercaptobutane-2,3-diol;
butanediols;
dithiol;
glycol;
thiol		chelator;
human metabolite;
reducing agent
tranylcypromine
Tranylcypromine: A propylamine formed from the cyclization of the side chain of amphetamine. This monoamine oxidase inhibitor is effective in the treatment of major depression, dysthymic disorder, and atypical depression. It also is useful in panic and phobic disorders. (From AMA Drug Evaluations Annual, 1994, p311). tranylcypromine : A racemate comprising equal amounts of (1R,2S)- and (1S,2R)-2-phenylcyclopropan-1-amine. An irreversible monoamine oxidase inhibitor that is used as an antidepressant (INN tranylcypromine).. (1R,2S)-tranylcypromine : A 2-phenylcyclopropan-1-amine that is the (1R,2S)-enantiomer of tranylcypromine.		1.94102-phenylcyclopropan-1-amine
streptomycin
[no description available]		11.1420antibiotic antifungal drug;
antibiotic fungicide;
streptomycins		antibacterial drug;
antifungal agrochemical;
antimicrobial agent;
antimicrobial drug;
bacterial metabolite;
protein synthesis inhibitor
carbonates
Carbonates: Salts or ions of the theoretical carbonic acid, containing the radical CO2(3-). Carbonates are readily decomposed by acids. The carbonates of the alkali metals are water-soluble; all others are insoluble. (From Grant & Hackh's Chemical Dictionary, 5th ed). carbonates : Organooxygen compounds that are salts or esters of carbonic acid, H2CO3.		4.4470carbon oxoanion
Brilliant Blue
brilliant blue: coal tar derivative food dye; used as the di-NH4 or di-Na salts; RN given refers to parent cpd		2.110organic molecular entity
dideoxyadenosine
Dideoxyadenosine: A dideoxynucleoside compound in which the 3'-hydroxy group on the sugar moiety has been replaced by a hydrogen. This modification prevents the formation of phosphodiester linkages which are needed for the completion of nucleic acid chains. The compound is an inhibitor of HIV replication, acting as a chain-terminator of viral DNA by binding to reverse transcriptase. Its principal side effect is nephrotoxicity. In vivo, dideoxyadenosine is rapidly metabolized to DIDANOSINE (ddI) by enzymatic deamination; ddI is then converted to dideoxyinosine monophosphate and ultimately to dideoxyadenosine triphosphate, the putative active metabolite.		2.0110adenosines;
purine 2',3'-dideoxyribonucleoside		EC 3.5.4.4 (adenosine deaminase) inhibitor;
EC 4.6.1.1 (adenylate cyclase) inhibitor
cladribine
[no description available]		1.9610organochlorine compound;
purine 2'-deoxyribonucleoside		antineoplastic agent;
immunosuppressive agent
fructosamine
Fructosamine: An amino sugar formed when glucose non-enzymatically reacts with the N-terminal amino group of proteins. The fructose moiety is derived from glucose by the classical Amadori rearrangement.		3.8121
carbenicillin
Carbenicillin: Broad-spectrum semisynthetic penicillin derivative used parenterally. It is susceptible to gastric juice and penicillinase and may damage platelet function.. carbenicillin : A penicillin antibiotic having a 6beta-2-carboxy-2-phenylacetamido side-chain.		1.9510penicillin allergen;
penicillin		antibacterial drug
dihydrostreptomycin sulfate
Dihydrostreptomycin Sulfate: A semi-synthetic aminoglycoside antibiotic that is used in the treatment of TUBERCULOSIS.		1.9410
iodinated glycerol
iodinated glycerol: secretolytic agent; RN given refers to cpd without iodine locant		3.3510dioxolane
limonene
Limonene: A naturally-occurring class of MONOTERPENES which occur as a clear colorless liquid at room temperature. Limonene is the major component in the oil of oranges which has many uses, including as flavor and fragrance. It is recognized as safe in food by the Food and Drug Administration (FDA).. limonene : A monoterpene that is cyclohex-1-ene substituted by a methyl group at position 1 and a prop-1-en-2-yl group at position 4 respectively.		2.4110cycloalkene;
p-menthadiene		human metabolite
n-methylaspartate
N-Methylaspartate: An amino acid that, as the D-isomer, is the defining agonist for the NMDA receptor subtype of glutamate receptors (RECEPTORS, NMDA).. N-methyl-D-aspartic acid : An aspartic acid derivative having an N-methyl substituent and D-configuration.		2.9140amino dicarboxylic acid;
D-alpha-amino acid;
D-aspartic acid derivative;
secondary amino compound		neurotransmitter agent
propargyl ether
propargyl ether: structure in first source		2.4110
2,4,4'-trichlorobiphenyl
[no description available]		2.110
trimethaphan
Trimethaphan: A nicotinic antagonist that has been used as a ganglionic blocker in hypertension, as an adjunct to anesthesia, and to induce hypotension during surgery.. trimethaphan : A complex heterocyclic sulfonium compound with an imidazolium core, used to treat hypertension.		1.9610sulfonium compoundanaesthesia adjuvant;
antihypertensive agent;
nicotinic antagonist;
vasodilator agent
dimethylpropiothetin
dimethylpropiothetin: has antineoplastic activity; RN given refers to hydroxide inner salt. S,S-dimethyl-beta-propiothetin : A sulfonium betaine obtained by deprotonation of the carboxy group of 3-dimethylsulfoniopropionic acid.		2.0510sulfonium betainemarine metabolite;
osmolyte
molindone
Molindone: An indole derivative effective in schizophrenia and other psychoses and possibly useful in the treatment of the aggressive type of undersocialized conduct disorder. Molindone has much lower affinity for D2 receptors than most antipsychotic agents and has a relatively low affinity for D1 receptors. It has only low to moderate affinity for cholinergic and alpha-adrenergic receptors. Some electrophysiologic data from animals indicate that molindone has certain characteristics that resemble those of CLOZAPINE. (From AMA Drug Evaluations Annual, 1994, p283)		3.0410indoles
iridium
Iridium: A metallic element with the atomic symbol Ir, atomic number 77, and atomic weight 192.22.		2.1710cobalt group element atom;
platinum group metal atom
lanthanum
[no description available]		3.4520f-block element atom;
lanthanoid atom;
scandium group element atom
manganese
Manganese: A trace element with atomic symbol Mn, atomic number 25, and atomic weight 54.94. It is concentrated in cell mitochondria, mostly in the pituitary gland, liver, pancreas, kidney, and bone, influences the synthesis of mucopolysaccharides, stimulates hepatic synthesis of cholesterol and fatty acids, and is a cofactor in many enzymes, including arginase and alkaline phosphatase in the liver. (From AMA Drug Evaluations Annual 1992, p2035). manganese(4+) : A manganese cation that is monoatomic and has a formal charge of +4.		8.22281elemental manganese;
manganese group element atom		Escherichia coli metabolite;
micronutrient
mercury
Mercury: A silver metallic element that exists as a liquid at room temperature. It has the atomic symbol Hg (from hydrargyrum, liquid silver), atomic number 80, and atomic weight 200.59. Mercury is used in many industrial applications and its salts have been employed therapeutically as purgatives, antisyphilitics, disinfectants, and astringents. It can be absorbed through the skin and mucous membranes which leads to MERCURY POISONING. Because of its toxicity, the clinical use of mercury and mercurials is diminishing.. mercury(0) : Elemental mercury of oxidation state zero.		5.8300elemental mercury;
zinc group element atom		neurotoxin
molybdenum
Molybdenum: A metallic element with the atomic symbol Mo, atomic number 42, and atomic weight 95.95. It is an essential trace element, being a component of the enzymes xanthine oxidase, aldehyde oxidase, and nitrate reductase.		5.57140chromium group element atommicronutrient
neon
Neon: A noble gas with the atomic symbol Ne, atomic number 10, and atomic weight 20.18. It is found in the earth's crust and atmosphere as an inert, odorless gas and is used in vacuum tubes and incandescent lamps.		1.9410monoatomic neon;
noble gas atom;
p-block element atom
osmium
Osmium: A very hard, gray, toxic, and nearly infusible metal element, atomic number 76, atomic weight 190.2, symbol Os.		2.0110iron group element atom;
platinum group metal atom
palladium
Palladium: A chemical element having an atomic weight of 106.4, atomic number of 46, and the symbol Pd. It is a white, ductile metal resembling platinum, and following it in abundance and importance of applications. It is used in dentistry in the form of gold, silver, and copper alloys.. palladium : Chemical element (nickel group element atom) with atomic number 46.		3.2460metal allergen;
nickel group element atom;
platinum group metal atom
platinum
Platinum: A heavy, soft, whitish metal, resembling tin, with atomic number 78, atomic weight 195.084, symbol Pt. It is used in manufacturing equipment for laboratory and industrial use. It occurs as a black powder (platinum black) and as a spongy substance (spongy platinum) and may have been known in Pliny's time as alutiae.		3.2360elemental platinum;
nickel group element atom;
platinum group metal atom
plutonium
Plutonium: A naturally radioactive element of the actinide metals series. It has the atomic symbol Pu, and atomic number 94. Plutonium is used as a nuclear fuel, to produce radioisotopes for research, in radionuclide batteries for pacemakers, and as the agent of fission in nuclear weapons.		1.9410actinoid atom;
f-block element atom
rhenium
Rhenium: A metal, atomic number 75, atomic weight 186.207, symbol Re.		3.4470manganese group element atom
rhodium
Rhodium: A hard and rare metal of the platinum group, atomic number 45, atomic weight 102.905, symbol Rh.. rhodium atom : A cobalt group element atom of atomic number 45.		3.9840cobalt group element atom
ruthenium
Ruthenium: A hard, brittle, grayish-white rare earth metal with an atomic symbol Ru, atomic number 44, and atomic weight 101.07. It is used as a catalyst and hardener for PLATINUM and PALLADIUM.		2.4620iron group element atom;
platinum group metal atom
silver
Silver: An element with the atomic symbol Ag, atomic number 47, and atomic weight 107.87. It is a soft metal that is used medically in surgical instruments, dental prostheses, and alloys. Long-continued use of silver salts can lead to a form of poisoning known as ARGYRIA.		2.8740copper group element atom;
elemental silver		Escherichia coli metabolite
technetium
Technetium: The first artificially produced element and a radioactive fission product of URANIUM. Technetium has the atomic symbol Tc, and atomic number 43. All technetium isotopes are radioactive. Technetium 99m (m=metastable) which is the decay product of Molybdenum 99, has a half-life of about 6 hours and is used diagnostically as a radioactive imaging agent. Technetium 99 which is a decay product of technetium 99m, has a half-life of 210,000 years.		6.47130manganese group element atom
thulium
Thulium: An element of the rare earth family of metals. It has the atomic symbol Tm, atomic number 69, and atomic weight 168.93.		2.1710f-block element atom;
lanthanoid atom
titanium
Titanium: A dark-gray, metallic element of widespread distribution but occurring in small amounts with atomic number, 22, atomic weight, 47.867 and symbol, Ti; specific gravity, 4.5; used for fixation of fractures.		2.9440titanium group element atom
tungsten
Tungsten: A metallic element with the atomic symbol W, atomic number 74, and atomic weight 183.85. It is used in many manufacturing applications, including increasing the hardness, toughness, and tensile strength of steel; manufacture of filaments for incandescent light bulbs; and in contact points for automotive and electrical apparatus.		2.3420chromium group element atommicronutrient
americium
Americium: A completely man-made radioactive actinide with atomic symbol Am, and atomic number 95. Its valence can range from +3 to +6. Because of its nonmagnetic ground state, it is an excellent superconductor. It is also used in bone mineral analysis and as a radiation source for radiotherapy.		1.9410actinoid atom;
f-block element atom
argon
Argon: A noble gas with the atomic symbol Ar, atomic number 18, and atomic weight 39.948. It is used in fluorescent tubes and wherever an inert atmosphere is desired and nitrogen cannot be used.		1.9510monoatomic argon;
noble gas atom;
p-block element atom		food packaging gas;
neuroprotective agent
cadmium
Cadmium: An element with atomic symbol Cd, atomic number 48, and atomic weight 112.41. It is a metal and ingestion will lead to CADMIUM POISONING.. elemental cadmium : An element in the zinc group of the periodic table with atomic number 48, atomic mass 112, M.P. 321degreeC, and B.P. 765degreeC). An odourless, tasteless, and highly poisonous soft, ductile, lustrous metal with electropositive properties. It has eight stable isotopes: (106)Cd, (108)Cd,(110)Cd, (111)Cd, (112)Cd, (113)Cd, (114)Cd and (116)Cd, with (112)Cd and (114)Cd being the most common.		4140cadmium molecular entity;
zinc group element atom
cerium
Cerium: An element of the rare earth family of metals. It has the atomic symbol Ce, atomic number 58, and atomic weight 140.12. Cerium is a malleable metal used in industrial applications.		2.3520f-block element atom;
lanthanoid atom
chromium
Chromium: A trace element that plays a role in glucose metabolism. It has the atomic symbol Cr, atomic number 24, and atomic weight 52. According to the Fourth Annual Report on Carcinogens (NTP85-002,1985), chromium and some of its compounds have been listed as known carcinogens.. chromium ion : An chromium atom having a net electric charge.. chromium atom : A chromium group element atom that has atomic number 24.		4.5980chromium group element atom;
metal allergen		micronutrient
gadolinium
Gadolinium: An element of the rare earth family of metals. It has the atomic symbol Gd, atomic number 64, and atomic weight 157.25. Its oxide is used in the control rods of some nuclear reactors.		2.730f-block element atom;
lanthanoid atom
gold
Gold: A yellow metallic element with the atomic symbol Au, atomic number 79, and atomic weight 197. It is used in jewelry, goldplating of other metals, as currency, and in dental restoration. Many of its clinical applications, such as ANTIRHEUMATIC AGENTS, are in the form of its salts.		3.4470copper group element atom;
elemental gold
uranium
Uranium: A radioactive element of the actinide series of metals. It has an atomic symbol U, atomic number 92, and atomic weight 238.03. U-235 is used as the fissionable fuel in nuclear weapons and as fuel in nuclear power reactors.		2.0710actinoid atom;
f-block element atom;
monoatomic uranium
vanadium
Vanadium: A metallic element with the atomic symbol V, atomic number 23, and atomic weight 50.94. It is used in the manufacture of vanadium steel. Prolonged exposure can lead to chronic intoxication caused by absorption usually via the lungs.		3.0410elemental vanadium;
vanadium group element atom		micronutrient
xenon
Xenon: A noble gas with the atomic symbol Xe, atomic number 54, and atomic weight 131.30. It is found in the earth's atmosphere and has been used as an anesthetic.		1.9410monoatomic xenon;
noble gas atom;
p-block element atom
ytterbium
Ytterbium: An element of the rare earth family of metals. It has the atomic symbol Yb, atomic number 70, and atomic weight 173. Ytterbium has been used in lasers and as a portable x-ray source.		3.4920f-block element atom;
lanthanoid atom
yttrium
Yttrium: An element of the rare earth family of metals. It has the atomic symbol Y, atomic number 39, and atomic weight 88.91. In conjunction with other rare earths, yttrium is used as a phosphor in television receivers and is a component of the yttrium-aluminum garnet (YAG) lasers.		2.1710d-block element atom;
rare earth metal atom;
scandium group element atom
zirconium
Zirconium: A rather rare metallic element with atomic number 40, atomic weight 91.224, and symbol Zr.		3.0450titanium group element atom
zalcitabine
Zalcitabine: A dideoxynucleoside compound in which the 3'-hydroxy group on the sugar moiety has been replaced by a hydrogen. This modification prevents the formation of phosphodiester linkages which are needed for the completion of nucleic acid chains. The compound is a potent inhibitor of HIV replication at low concentrations, acting as a chain-terminator of viral DNA by binding to reverse transcriptase. Its principal toxic side effect is axonal degeneration resulting in peripheral neuropathy.. zalcitabine : A pyrimidine 2',3'-dideoxyribonucleoside compound having cytosine as the nucleobase.		2.0110pyrimidine 2',3'-dideoxyribonucleosideantimetabolite;
antiviral drug;
HIV-1 reverse transcriptase inhibitor
magnesium sulfate
Magnesium Sulfate: A small colorless crystal used as an anticonvulsant, a cathartic, and an electrolyte replenisher in the treatment of pre-eclampsia and eclampsia. It causes direct inhibition of action potentials in myometrial muscle cells. Excitation and contraction are uncoupled, which decreases the frequency and force of contractions. (From AMA Drug Evaluations Annual, 1992, p1083). magnesium sulfate : A magnesium salt having sulfate as the counterion.		6.14101magnesium salt;
metal sulfate;
organic magnesium salt		anaesthetic;
analgesic;
anti-arrhythmia drug;
anticonvulsant;
calcium channel blocker;
cardiovascular drug;
fertilizer;
tocolytic agent
mercuric chloride
Mercuric Chloride: Mercury chloride (HgCl2). A highly toxic compound that volatizes slightly at ordinary temperature and appreciably at 100 degrees C. It is corrosive to mucous membranes and used as a topical antiseptic and disinfectant.. mercury dichloride : A mercury coordination entity made up of linear triatomic molecules in which a mercury atom is bonded to two chlorines. Water-soluble, it is highly toxic. Once used in a wide variety of applications, including preserving wood and anatomical specimens, embalming and disinfecting, as an intensifier in photography, as a mordant for rabbit and beaver furs, and freeing gold from lead, its use has markedly declined as less toxic alternatives have been developed.		2.8940mercury coordination entitysensitiser
dichloroacetylene
[no description available]		2.0110organochlorine compound
phosphoric acid, trisodium salt
[no description available]		1.9310sodium phosphate
hypochlorous acid
Hypochlorous Acid: An oxyacid of chlorine (HClO) containing monovalent chlorine that acts as an oxidizing or reducing agent.. hypochlorous acid : A chlorine oxoacid with formula HOCl; a weak, unstable acid, it is the active form of chlorine in water.		3.2850chlorine oxoacid;
reactive oxygen species		EC 2.5.1.18 (glutathione transferase) inhibitor;
EC 3.1.1.7 (acetylcholinesterase) inhibitor;
human metabolite
nickel chloride
nickel chloride: RN given refers to cpd with MF of Ni-Cl2. nickel dichloride : A compound of nickel and chloride in which the ratio of nickel (in the +2 oxidation state) to chloride is 1:2.		2.0110nickel coordination entitycalcium channel blocker;
hapten
ferrous sulfate
ferrous sulfate: Ferro-Gradumet is ferrous sulfate in controlled release form; RN given refers to Fe(+2)[1:1] salt. iron(2+) sulfate (anhydrous) : A compound of iron and sulfate in which the ratio of iron(2+) to sulfate ions is 1:1. Various hydrates occur naturally - most commonly the heptahydrate, which loses water to form the tetrahydrate at 57degreeC and the monohydrate at 65degreeC.		7.71191iron molecular entity;
metal sulfate		reducing agent
bromine
Bromine: A halogen with the atomic symbol Br, atomic number 35, and atomic weight 79.904. It is a volatile reddish-brown liquid that gives off suffocating vapors, is corrosive to the skin, and may cause severe gastroenteritis if ingested.		3.4580diatomic bromine
barium sulfate
Barium Sulfate: A compound used as an x-ray contrast medium that occurs in nature as the mineral barite. It is also used in various manufacturing applications and mixed into heavy concrete to serve as a radiation shield.. barium sulfate : A metal sulfate with formula BaO4S. Virtually insoluble in water at room temperature, it is mostly used as a component in oil well drilling fluid it occurs naturally as the mineral barite.		1.9610barium salt;
inorganic barium salt;
metal sulfate		radioopaque medium
zinc sulfate
Zinc Sulfate: A compound given in the treatment of conditions associated with zinc deficiency such as acrodermatitis enteropathica. Externally, zinc sulfate is used as an astringent in lotions and eye drops. (Reynolds JEF(Ed): Martindale: The Extra Pharmacopoeia (electronic version). Micromedex, Inc, Englewood, CO, 1995). zinc sulfate : A metal sulfate compound having zinc(2+) as the counterion.		8.76131metal sulfate;
zinc molecular entity		fertilizer
potassium nitrate
potassium nitrate: RN given refers to cpd with MF of K-HNO3; when combined with charcoal and sulfur it can form EXPLOSIVE AGENTS. potassium nitrate : The inorganic nitrate salt of potassium.		1.9610inorganic nitrate salt;
potassium salt		fertilizer
sodium sulfate
[no description available]		2.3520inorganic sodium salt
sodium sulfite
[no description available]		1.9810inorganic sodium salt;
sulfite salt		food preservative;
reducing agent
tricalcium phosphate
tricalcium phosphate: a form of tricalcium phosphate used as bioceramic bone replacement material; see also records for alpha-tricalcium phosphate, beta-tricalcium phosphate, calcium phosphate; apatitic tricalcium phosphate Ca9(HPO4)(PO4)5(OH) is the calcium orthophosphate leading to beta tricalcium phosphate Ca3(PO4)2 (b-TCP). calcium phosphate : A calcium salt composed of calcium and phosphate/diphosphate ions; present in milk and used for the mineralisation of calcified tissues.		2.3920calcium phosphate
chromates
Chromates: Salts of chromic acid containing the CrO(2-)4 radical.. chromate(2-) : A chromium oxoanion resulting from the removal of two protons from chromic acid.		2.4720chromium oxoanion;
divalent inorganic anion		oxidising agent
copper sulfate
Copper Sulfate: A sulfate salt of copper. It is a potent emetic and is used as an antidote for poisoning by phosphorus. It also can be used to prevent the growth of algae.. copper(II) sulfate : A metal sulfate compound having copper(2+) as the metal ion.		2.6630metal sulfateemetic;
fertilizer;
sensitiser
tungstate
[no description available]		210divalent inorganic anion;
tungsten oxoanion
silver nitrate
Silver Nitrate: A silver salt with powerful germicidal activity. It has been used topically to prevent OPHTHALMIA NEONATORUM.		2.3820inorganic nitrate salt;
silver salt		astringent
deuterium
Deuterium: The stable isotope of hydrogen. It has one neutron and one proton in the nucleus.		5.97360dihydrogen
fluorine
Fluorine: A nonmetallic, diatomic gas that is a trace element and member of the halogen family. It is used in dentistry as fluoride (FLUORIDES) to prevent dental caries.		3.2360diatomic fluorine;
gas molecular entity		NMR chemical shift reference compound
chlorine
Chlorine: An element with atomic symbol Cl, atomic number 17, and atomic weight 35, and member of the halogen family.		5.42200diatomic chlorine;
gas molecular entity		bleaching agent
molybdate ion
molybdate : A divalent inorganic anion obtained by removal of both protons from molybdic acid		2.3620divalent inorganic anion;
molybdenum oxoanion		Escherichia coli metabolite
galactose
aldohexose : A hexose with a (potential) aldehyde group at one end.		4.6690
poloxalene
Poloxalene: A copolymer of polyethylene and polypropylene ether glycol. It is a non-ionic polyol surface-active agent used medically as a fecal softener and in cattle for prevention of bloat.. pluronic : A triblock copolymer composed of a central hydrophobic chain of poly(propylene oxide) flanked by two hydrophilic chains of poly(ethylene oxide).		2.0510epoxide
vasotocin
Vasotocin: A nonapeptide that contains the ring of OXYTOCIN and the side chain of ARG-VASOPRESSIN with the latter determining the specific recognition of hormone receptors. Vasotocin is the non-mammalian vasopressin-like hormone or antidiuretic hormone regulating water and salt metabolism.. vasotocin : A heterodetic cyclic peptide that is homologous to oxytocin and vasopressin. It is a pituitary hormone that acts as an endocrine regulator for water balance, osmotic homoeostasis and is involved in social and sexual behavior in non-mammalian vertebrates.		2.3520
ozone
Ozone: The unstable triatomic form of oxygen, O3. It is a powerful oxidant that is produced for various chemical and industrial uses. Its production is also catalyzed in the ATMOSPHERE by ULTRAVIOLET RAY irradiation of oxygen or other ozone precursors such as VOLATILE ORGANIC COMPOUNDS and NITROGEN OXIDES. About 90% of the ozone in the atmosphere exists in the stratosphere (STRATOSPHERIC OZONE).. ozone : An elemental molecule with formula O3. An explosive, pale blue gas (b.p. -112degreeC) that has a characteristic, pungent odour, it is continuously produced in the upper atmosphere by the action of solar ultraviolet radiation on atmospheric oxygen. It is an antimicrobial agent used in the production of bottled water, as well as in the treatment of meat, poultry and other foodstuffs.		3.0310elemental molecule;
gas molecular entity;
reactive oxygen species;
triatomic oxygen		antiseptic drug;
disinfectant;
electrophilic reagent;
greenhouse gas;
mutagen;
oxidising agent;
tracer
ferric sulfate
ferric sulfate: RN given refers to Fe(+3)[3:2] salt). iron(3+) sulfate : A compound of iron and sulfate in which the ratio of iron(3+) to sulfate ions is 3:2.		3.3511iron molecular entity;
metal sulfate		astringent;
catalyst;
mordant
aluminum sulfate
aluminium sulfate (anhydrous) : An aluminium sulfate that contains no water of crystallisation.		2.1710aluminium sulfate
radon
Radon: A naturally radioactive element with atomic symbol Rn, and atomic number 86. It is a member of the noble gas family found in soil, and is released during the decay of RADIUM.. radon(0) : A monoatomic radon that has an oxidation state of zero.		1.9310monoatomic radon;
noble gas atom;
p-block element atom
ammonium ferric sulfate
ammonium ferrous sulfate: supplies nutritional iron. ferrous ammonium sulfate (anhydrous) : A compound of ammonium, iron and sulfate in which the ratio of ammonium to iron(2+) to sulfate ions is 2:1:2.		2.3820ammonium salt;
iron molecular entity;
metal sulfate		ferroptosis inducer
ferric pyrophosphate
ferric pyrophosphate : An iron coordination entity composed from Fe(3+) cations and diphosphate(4-) anions in a 4:3 ratio.		3.710iron coordination entity
sodium selenite
disodium selenite : An inorganic sodium salt composed of sodium and selenite ions in a 2:1 ratio.		4.7771inorganic sodium salt;
selenite salt		nutraceutical
cadmium chloride
Cadmium Chloride: A cadmium halide in the form of colorless crystals, soluble in water, methanol, and ethanol. It is used in photography, in dyeing, and calico printing, and as a solution to precipitate sulfides. (McGraw-Hill Dictionary of Scientific and Technical Terms, 5th ed). cadmium dichloride : A cadmium coordination entity in which cadmium(2+) and Cl(-) ions are present in the ratio 2:1. Although considered to be ionic, it has considerable covalent character to its bonding.		2.6830cadmium coordination entity
cobalt sulfate
cobalt sulfate: RN given refers to parent cpd. cobalt(2+) sulfate : A compound of cobalt and sulfate in which the ratio of cobalt (+2 oxidation state) to sulfate is 1:1.		4.3241metal sulfate
chlormerodrin
Chlormerodrin: A mercurial compound that has been used as a diuretic but is now superseded by more potent and less toxic drugs. The radiolabeled form has been used as a diagnostic and research tool.. chlormerodrin : Urea in which one of the hydrogens is substituted by a 3-chloromercury-2-methoxyprop-1-yl group. It was formerly used as a diuretic, but more potent and less toxic drugs are now available. Its radiolabelled ((197)Hg, (203)Hg) forms were used in diagnostic aids in renal imaging and brain scans.		4.8140organomercury compound;
ureas		diagnostic agent;
diuretic
trolamine salicylate
Arthritis: Acute or chronic inflammation of JOINTS.		5.52230
rhamnose
[no description available]		2.3110L-rhamnose
ammonium chloride
Ammonium Chloride: An acidifying agent that has expectorant and diuretic effects. Also used in etching and batteries and as a flux in electroplating.. ammonium chloride : An inorganic chloride having ammonium as the counterion.		3.0550ammonium salt;
inorganic chloride		ferroptosis inhibitor
glucoheptonate
glucoheptonic acid : A carbohydrate acid that is heptanoic acid substituted by hydroxy groups at C-2, C-3, C-4, C-5, C-6, and C-7.		2.1510carbohydrate acid;
monocarboxylic acid		metabolite
ethionine
L-ethionine : An S-ethylhomocysteine that has S-configuration at the chiral centre.		10.7581S-ethylhomocysteineantimetabolite;
carcinogenic agent
titanium dioxide
titanium dioxide: used medically as protectant against externally caused irritation & sunlight; high concentrations of dust may cause irritation to respiratory tract; RN given refers to titanium oxide (TiO2); structure. titanium dioxide : A titanium oxide with the formula TiO2. A naturally occurring oxide sourced from ilmenite, rutile and anatase, it has a wide range of applications.		2.9440titanium oxidesfood colouring
tetrathionic acid
Tetrathionic Acid: A sulfuric acid dimer, formed by disulfide linkage. This compound has been used to prolong coagulation time and as an antidote in cyanide poisoning.		210sulfur oxoacid
selegiline
Selegiline: A selective, irreversible inhibitor of Type B monoamine oxidase that is used for the treatment of newly diagnosed patients with PARKINSON DISEASE, and for the treatment of depressive disorders. The compound without isomeric designation is Deprenyl.		3.921selegiline;
terminal acetylenic compound		geroprotector
urobilinogen
Urobilinogen: A colorless compound formed in the intestines by the reduction of bilirubin. Some is excreted in the feces where it is oxidized to urobilin. Some is reabsorbed and re-excreted in the bile as bilirubin. At times, it is re-excreted in the urine, where it may be later oxidized to urobilin.. urobilinogen : A member of the class of bilanes that is a colourless product formed in the intestine by the reduction of bilirubin.		1.9410bilaneshuman metabolite
levamisole
Levamisole: An antihelminthic drug that has been tried experimentally in rheumatic disorders where it apparently restores the immune response by increasing macrophage chemotaxis and T-lymphocyte function. Paradoxically, this immune enhancement appears to be beneficial in rheumatoid arthritis where dermatitis, leukopenia, and thrombocytopenia, and nausea and vomiting have been reported as side effects. (From Smith and Reynard, Textbook of Pharmacology, 1991, p435-6). levamisole : A 6-phenyl-2,3,5,6-tetrahydroimidazo[2,1-b][1,3]thiazole that has S configuration. It is used (generally as the monohydrochloride salt) to treat parasitic worm infections in pigs, sheep and cattle and was formerly used in humans as an adjuvant to chemotherapy for the treatment of various cancers. It is also widely used as an adulterant to coccaine.		4.06316-phenyl-2,3,5,6-tetrahydroimidazo[2,1-b][1,3]thiazoleantinematodal drug;
antirheumatic drug;
EC 3.1.3.1 (alkaline phosphatase) inhibitor;
immunological adjuvant;
immunomodulator
cephalexin
Cephalexin: A semisynthetic cephalosporin antibiotic with antimicrobial activity similar to that of CEPHALORIDINE or CEPHALOTHIN, but somewhat less potent. It is effective against both gram-positive and gram-negative organisms.. cephalexin : A semisynthetic first-generation cephalosporin antibiotic having methyl and beta-(2R)-2-amino-2-phenylacetamido groups at the 3- and 7- of the cephem skeleton, respectively. It is effective against both Gram-negative and Gram-positive organisms, and is used for treatment of infections of the skin, respiratory tract and urinary tract.		1.9710beta-lactam antibiotic allergen;
cephalosporin;
semisynthetic derivative		antibacterial drug
tetradecanoylphorbol acetate
Tetradecanoylphorbol Acetate: A phorbol ester found in CROTON OIL with very effective tumor promoting activity. It stimulates the synthesis of both DNA and RNA.. phorbol ester : Esters of phorbol, originally found in croton oil (from Croton tiglium, of the family Euphorbiaceae). A number of phorbol esters possess activity as tumour promoters and activate the mechanisms associated with cell growth. Some of these are used in experiments as activators of protein kinase C.. phorbol 13-acetate 12-myristate : A phorbol ester that is phorbol in which the hydroxy groups at the cyclopropane ring juction (position 13) and the adjacent carbon (position 12) have been converted into the corresponding acetate and myristate esters. It is a major active constituent of the seed oil of Croton tiglium. It has been used as a tumour promoting agent for skin carcinogenesis in rodents and is associated with increased cell proliferation of malignant cells. However its function is controversial since a decrease in cell proliferation has also been observed in several cancer cell types.		2.6930acetate ester;
diester;
phorbol ester;
tertiary alpha-hydroxy ketone;
tetradecanoate ester		antineoplastic agent;
apoptosis inducer;
carcinogenic agent;
mitogen;
plant metabolite;
protein kinase C agonist;
reactive oxygen species generator
fluorides
[no description available]		5.82180halide anion;
monoatomic fluorine
danazol
Danazol: A synthetic steroid with antigonadotropic and anti-estrogenic activities that acts as an anterior pituitary suppressant by inhibiting the pituitary output of gonadotropins. It possesses some androgenic properties. Danazol has been used in the treatment of endometriosis and some benign breast disorders.		3.11017beta-hydroxy steroid;
terminal acetylenic compound		anti-estrogen;
estrogen antagonist;
geroprotector
clonixin
Clonixin: Anti-inflammatory analgesic.. clonixin : A pyridinemonocarboxylic acid that is nicotinic acid substituted at position 2 by a (2-methyl-3-chlorophenyl)amino group. Used (as its lysine salt) for treatment of renal colic, muscular pain and moderately severe migraine attacks.		1.9210aminopyridine;
organochlorine compound;
pyridinemonocarboxylic acid		antipyretic;
EC 1.14.99.1 (prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase) inhibitor;
lipoxygenase inhibitor;
non-narcotic analgesic;
non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug;
platelet aggregation inhibitor;
vasodilator agent
1-deoxynojirimycin
1-deoxy-nojirimycin: structure in first source. duvoglustat : An optically active form of 2-(hydroxymethyl)piperidine-3,4,5-triol having 2R,3R,4R,5S-configuration.		1.98102-(hydroxymethyl)piperidine-3,4,5-triol;
piperidine alkaloid		anti-HIV agent;
anti-obesity agent;
bacterial metabolite;
EC 3.2.1.20 (alpha-glucosidase) inhibitor;
hepatoprotective agent;
hypoglycemic agent;
plant metabolite
mercaptomerin
mercaptomerin: RN given refers to parent cpd; structure in Merck Index, 9th ed, #5700		1.9210
iodine
[no description available]		4.5250halide anion;
monoatomic iodine		human metabolite
daunorubicin
Daunorubicin: A very toxic anthracycline aminoglycoside antineoplastic isolated from Streptomyces peucetius and others, used in treatment of LEUKEMIA and other NEOPLASMS.. anthracycline : Anthracyclines are polyketides that have a tetrahydronaphthacenedione ring structure attached by a glycosidic linkage to the amino sugar daunosamine.. daunorubicin : A natural product found in Actinomadura roseola.		3.0510aminoglycoside antibiotic;
anthracycline;
p-quinones;
tetracenequinones		antineoplastic agent;
bacterial metabolite
phosphotyrosine
Phosphotyrosine: An amino acid that occurs in endogenous proteins. Tyrosine phosphorylation and dephosphorylation plays a role in cellular signal transduction and possibly in cell growth control and carcinogenesis.. O(4)-phospho-L-tyrosine : A non-proteinogenic L-alpha-amino acid that is L-tyrosine phosphorylated at the phenolic hydroxy group.		210L-tyrosine derivative;
non-proteinogenic L-alpha-amino acid;
O(4)-phosphotyrosine		Escherichia coli metabolite;
immunogen
carbimazole
Carbimazole: An imidazole antithyroid agent. Carbimazole is metabolized to METHIMAZOLE, which is responsible for the antithyroid activity.. carbimazole : A member of the class of imidazoles that is methimazole in which the nitrogen bearing a hydrogen is converted into its ethoxycarbonyl derivative. A prodrug for methimazol, carbimazole is used for the treatment of hyperthyroidism.		3.4111,3-dihydroimidazole-2-thiones;
carbamate ester		antithyroid drug;
prodrug
phenyl acetate
phenyl acetate: The ester formed between phenol and acetic acid. Don't confuse with phenylacetic acid derivatives listed under PHENYLACETATES.. phenyl acetate : An acetate ester obtained by the formal condensation of phenol with acetic acid.		9.87801benzenes;
phenyl acetates
cetylpyridinium chloride anhydrous
tserigel: according to first source contains polyvinylbutyral & cetylpyridinium chloride; UD only lists cetylpyridinium chloride as constituent. cetylpyridinium chloride : A pyridinium salt that has N-hexadecylpyridinium as the cation and chloride as the anion. It has antiseptic properties and is used in solutions or lozenges for the treatment of minor infections of the mouth and throat.		5.14111chloride salt;
organic chloride salt		antiseptic drug;
surfactant
thiodiacetic acid
thiodiacetic acid: vinyl chloride metabolite in urine of rats		2.4520dicarboxylic acid
triamcinolone
Triamcinolone: A glucocorticoid given, as the free alcohol or in esterified form, orally, intramuscularly, by local injection, by inhalation, or applied topically in the management of various disorders in which corticosteroids are indicated. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p739). triamcinolone : A C21-steroid hormone that is 1,4-pregnadiene-3,20-dione carrying four hydroxy substituents at positions 11beta, 16alpha, 17alpha and 21 as well as a fluoro substituent at position 9. Used in the form of its 16,17-acetonide to treat various skin infections.		1.951011beta-hydroxy steroid;
16alpha-hydroxy steroid;
17alpha-hydroxy steroid;
20-oxo steroid;
21-hydroxy steroid;
3-oxo-Delta(4) steroid;
C21-steroid hormone;
fluorinated steroid;
glucocorticoid;
primary alpha-hydroxy ketone;
tertiary alpha-hydroxy ketone		anti-allergic agent;
anti-inflammatory drug
chloroprene
Chloroprene: Toxic, possibly carcinogenic, monomer of neoprene, a synthetic rubber; causes damage to skin, lungs, CNS, kidneys, liver, blood cells and fetuses. Synonym: 2-chlorobutadiene.		2.0210chloroolefin
tetrachloroethylene
Tetrachloroethylene: A chlorinated hydrocarbon used as an industrial solvent and cooling liquid in electrical transformers. It is a potential carcinogen.		4.18160chlorocarbon;
chloroethenes		nephrotoxic agent
fludrocortisone
Fludrocortisone: A synthetic mineralocorticoid with anti-inflammatory activity.		3.763011beta-hydroxy steroid;
17alpha-hydroxy steroid;
20-oxo steroid;
21-hydroxy steroid;
3-oxo-Delta(4) steroid;
C21-steroid;
fluorinated steroid;
mineralocorticoid		adrenergic agent;
anti-inflammatory drug
ursodeoxycholic acid
Ursodeoxycholic Acid: An epimer of chenodeoxycholic acid. It is a mammalian bile acid found first in the bear and is apparently either a precursor or a product of chenodeoxycholate. Its administration changes the composition of bile and may dissolve gallstones. It is used as a cholagogue and choleretic.. ursodeoxycholic acid : A bile acid found in the bile of bears (Ursidae) as a conjugate with taurine. Used therapeutically, it prevents the synthesis and absorption of cholesterol and can lead to the dissolution of gallstones.. ursodeoxycholate : A bile acid anion that is the conjugate base of ursodeoxycholic acid, obtained by deprotonation of the carboxy group; major species at pH 7.3.		2.6730bile acid;
C24-steroid;
dihydroxy-5beta-cholanic acid		human metabolite;
mouse metabolite
benzonidazole
benzonidazole: used in treatment of Chagas' disease. benznidazole : A monocarboxylic acid amide obtained by formal condensation of the carboxy group of (2-nitroimidazol-1-yl)acetic acid with the aromatic amino group of benzylamine. Used for treatment of Chagas disease.		2.0710C-nitro compound;
imidazoles;
monocarboxylic acid amide		antiprotozoal drug
transferrin
Transferrin: An iron-binding beta1-globulin that is synthesized in the LIVER and secreted into the blood. It plays a central role in the transport of IRON throughout the circulation. A variety of transferrin isoforms exist in humans, including some that are considered markers for specific disease states.		17.9905
alkenes
[no description available]		4.2650
glutamic acid
Glutamic Acid: A non-essential amino acid naturally occurring in the L-form. Glutamic acid is the most common excitatory neurotransmitter in the CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM.. glutamic acid : An alpha-amino acid that is glutaric acid bearing a single amino substituent at position 2.		6.03220glutamic acid;
glutamine family amino acid;
L-alpha-amino acid;
proteinogenic amino acid		Escherichia coli metabolite;
ferroptosis inducer;
micronutrient;
mouse metabolite;
neurotransmitter;
nutraceutical
glucaric acid
Glucaric Acid: A sugar acid derived from D-glucose in which both the aldehydic carbon atom and the carbon atom bearing the primary hydroxyl group are oxidized to carboxylic acid groups.. D-glucaric acid : The D-enantiomer of glucaric acid.. glucaric acid : A hexaric acid derived by oxidation of sugar such as glucose with nitric acid.		3.8521glucaric acidantineoplastic agent
adenylyl imidodiphosphate
Adenylyl Imidodiphosphate: 5'-Adenylic acid, monoanhydride with imidodiphosphoric acid. An analog of ATP, in which the oxygen atom bridging the beta to the gamma phosphate is replaced by a nitrogen atom. It is a potent competitive inhibitor of soluble and membrane-bound mitochondrial ATPase and also inhibits ATP-dependent reactions of oxidative phosphorylation.		2.4920adenosine 5'-phosphate
azoxymethane
Azoxymethane: A potent carcinogen and neurotoxic compound. It is particularly effective in inducing colon carcinomas.		2.420
sodium azide
Sodium Azide: A cytochrome oxidase inhibitor which is a nitridizing agent and an inhibitor of terminal oxidation. (From Merck Index, 12th ed). sodium azide : The sodium salt of hydrogen azide (hydrazoic acid).		1.9710inorganic sodium saltantibacterial agent;
explosive;
mitochondrial respiratory-chain inhibitor;
mutagen
azides
Azides: Organic or inorganic compounds that contain the -N3 group.. azide : Any nitrogen molecular entity containing the group -N3.		3.94130pseudohalide anionmitochondrial respiratory-chain inhibitor
amoxicillin
Amoxicillin: A broad-spectrum semisynthetic antibiotic similar to AMPICILLIN except that its resistance to gastric acid permits higher serum levels with oral administration.. amoxicillin : A penicillin in which the substituent at position 6 of the penam ring is a 2-amino-2-(4-hydroxyphenyl)acetamido group.		4.1131penicillin allergen;
penicillin		antibacterial drug
timolol
(S)-timolol (anhydrous) : The (S)-(-) (more active) enantiomer of timolol. A beta-adrenergic antagonist, both the hemihydrate and the maleate salt are used in the mangement of glaucoma, hypertension, angina pectoris and myocardial infarction, and for the prevention of migraine.		2.1310timololanti-arrhythmia drug;
antiglaucoma drug;
antihypertensive agent;
beta-adrenergic antagonist
tramadol
Tramadol: A narcotic analgesic proposed for severe pain. It may be habituating.. tramadol : A racemate consisting of equal amounts of (R,R)- and (S,S)-tramadol. A centrally acting synthetic opioid analgesic, used (as the hydrochloride salt) to treat moderately severe pain. The (R,R)-enantiomer exhibits ten-fold higher analgesic potency than the (S,S)-enantiomer. Originally developed by Gruenenthal GmbH and launched in 1977, it was subsequently isolated from the root bark of the South African tree Nauclea latifolia.. (R,R)-tramadol : A 2-[(dimethylamino)methyl]-1-(3-methoxyphenyl)cyclohexanol in which both stereocentres have R-configuration; the (R,R)-enantiomer of the racemic opioid analgesic tramadol, it exhibits ten-fold higher analgesic potency than the (S,S)-enantiomer.		2.25102-[(dimethylamino)methyl]-1-(3-methoxyphenyl)cyclohexanoladrenergic uptake inhibitor;
antitussive;
capsaicin receptor antagonist;
delta-opioid receptor agonist;
kappa-opioid receptor agonist;
metabolite;
mu-opioid receptor agonist;
muscarinic antagonist;
nicotinic antagonist;
NMDA receptor antagonist;
opioid analgesic;
serotonergic antagonist;
serotonin uptake inhibitor
enterobactin
[no description available]		4.8240catechols;
crown compound;
macrotriolide;
polyphenol		bacterial metabolite;
siderophore
oxcarbazepine
Oxcarbazepine: A carbamazepine derivative that acts as a voltage-gated sodium channel blocker. It is used for the treatment of PARTIAL SEIZURES with or without secondary generalization. It is also an inducer of CYTOCHROME P-450 CYP3A4.. oxcarbazepine : A dibenzoazepine derivative, having a carbamoyl group at the ring nitrogen, substituted with an oxo group at C-4 of the azepeine ring which is also hydrogenated at C-4 and C-5. It is a anticholinergic anticonvulsant and mood stabilizing drug, used primarily in the treatment of epilepsy.		4.0540cyclic ketone;
dibenzoazepine		anticonvulsant;
drug allergen
s-adenosylmethionine
acylcarnitine: structure in first source. S-adenosyl-L-methioninate : A sulfonium betaine that is a conjugate base of S-adenosyl-L-methionine obtained by the deprotonation of the carboxy group.		2.0510sulfonium betainehuman metabolite
zidovudine
Zidovudine: A dideoxynucleoside compound in which the 3'-hydroxy group on the sugar moiety has been replaced by an azido group. This modification prevents the formation of phosphodiester linkages which are needed for the completion of nucleic acid chains. The compound is a potent inhibitor of HIV replication, acting as a chain-terminator of viral DNA during reverse transcription. It improves immunologic function, partially reverses the HIV-induced neurological dysfunction, and improves certain other clinical abnormalities associated with AIDS. Its principal toxic effect is dose-dependent suppression of bone marrow, resulting in anemia and leukopenia.. zidovudine : A pyrimidine 2',3'-dideoxyribonucleoside compound having a 3'-azido substituent and thymine as the nucleobase.		5.6773azide;
pyrimidine 2',3'-dideoxyribonucleoside		antimetabolite;
antiviral drug;
HIV-1 reverse transcriptase inhibitor
tobramycin
Tobramycin: An aminoglycoside, broad-spectrum antibiotic produced by Streptomyces tenebrarius. It is effective against gram-negative bacteria, especially the PSEUDOMONAS species. It is a 10% component of the antibiotic complex, NEBRAMYCIN, produced by the same species.. tobramycin : A amino cyclitol glycoside that is kanamycin B lacking the 3-hydroxy substituent from the 2,6-diaminoglucose ring.		2.1310amino cyclitol glycosideantibacterial agent;
antimicrobial agent;
toxin
paclitaxel
Taxus: Genus of coniferous yew trees or shrubs, several species of which have medicinal uses. Notable is the Pacific yew, Taxus brevifolia, which is used to make the anti-neoplastic drug taxol (PACLITAXEL).		4.670taxane diterpenoid;
tetracyclic diterpenoid		antineoplastic agent;
human metabolite;
metabolite;
microtubule-stabilising agent
etoposide
[no description available]		1.9610beta-D-glucoside;
furonaphthodioxole;
organic heterotetracyclic compound		antineoplastic agent;
DNA synthesis inhibitor
ribavirin
Rebetron: Rebetron is tradename		3.16501-ribosyltriazole;
aromatic amide;
monocarboxylic acid amide;
primary carboxamide		anticoronaviral agent;
antiinfective agent;
antimetabolite;
antiviral agent;
EC 2.7.7.49 (RNA-directed DNA polymerase) inhibitor
flunixin
flunixin : A pyridinemonocarboxylic acid that is nicotinic acid substituted at position 2 by a 2-methyl-3-(trifluoromethyl)phenylamino group. A relatively potent non-narcotic, nonsteroidal analgesic with anti-inflammatory, anti-endotoxic and anti-pyretic properties; used in veterinary medicine (usually as the meglumine salt) for treatment of horses, cattle and pigs.		1.9210aminopyridine;
organofluorine compound;
pyridinemonocarboxylic acid		antipyretic;
EC 1.14.99.1 (prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase) inhibitor;
non-narcotic analgesic;
non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug
n-(2-hydroxypropyl)methacrylamide
Duxon: RN given refers to unlabeled cpd		2.0610
bezafibrate
[no description available]		3.8221aromatic ether;
monocarboxylic acid amide;
monocarboxylic acid;
monochlorobenzenes		antilipemic drug;
environmental contaminant;
geroprotector;
xenobiotic
diltiazem
Diltiazem: A benzothiazepine derivative with vasodilating action due to its antagonism of the actions of CALCIUM ion on membrane functions.. diltiazem : A 5-[2-(dimethylamino)ethyl]-2-(4-methoxyphenyl)-4-oxo-2,3,4,5-tetrahydro-1,5-benzothiazepin-3-yl acetate in which both stereocentres have S configuration. A calcium-channel blocker and vasodilator, it is used as the hydrochloride in the management of angina pectoris and hypertension.		2.05105-[2-(dimethylamino)ethyl]-2-(4-methoxyphenyl)-4-oxo-2,3,4,5-tetrahydro-1,5-benzothiazepin-3-yl acetateantihypertensive agent;
calcium channel blocker;
vasodilator agent
ng-nitroarginine methyl ester
NG-Nitroarginine Methyl Ester: A non-selective inhibitor of nitric oxide synthase. It has been used experimentally to induce hypertension.		2.730alpha-amino acid ester;
L-arginine derivative;
methyl ester;
N-nitro compound		EC 1.14.13.39 (nitric oxide synthase) inhibitor
6-hydroxy-2,5,7,8-tetramethylchroman-2-carboxylic acid
[no description available]		2.0110chromanol;
monocarboxylic acid;
phenols		antioxidant;
ferroptosis inhibitor;
neuroprotective agent;
radical scavenger;
Wnt signalling inhibitor
oxfendazole
[no description available]		1.9710benzimidazoles;
carbamate ester;
sulfoxide		antinematodal drug
desogestrel
Desogestrel: A synthetic progestational hormone used often as the progestogenic component of combined oral contraceptive agents (ORAL CONTRACEPTIVES, COMBINED).		4.352217beta-hydroxy steroid;
terminal acetylenic compound		contraceptive drug;
progestin;
synthetic oral contraceptive
elliptinium
elliptinium: synthetic ellipticine deriv; RN given refers to parent cpd; structure given in first source		3.5120carbazoles
propiconazole
Orbit: Bony cavity that holds the eyeball and its associated tissues and appendages.		2.3820conazole fungicide;
cyclic ketal;
dichlorobenzene;
triazole fungicide;
triazoles		antifungal agrochemical;
EC 1.14.13.70 (sterol 14alpha-demethylase) inhibitor;
environmental contaminant;
xenobiotic
paroxetine
Paroxetine: A serotonin uptake inhibitor that is effective in the treatment of depression.. paroxetine : A benzodioxole that consists of piperidine bearing 1,3-benzodioxol-5-yloxy)methyl and 4-fluorophenyl substituents at positions 3 and 4 respectively; the (3S,4R)-diastereomer. Highly potent and selective 5-HT uptake inhibitor that binds with high affinity to the serotonin transporter (Ki = 0.05 nM). Ki values are 1.1, 350 and 1100 nM for inhibition of [3H]-5-HT, [3H]-l-NA and [3H]-DA uptake respectively. Displays minimal affinity for alpha1-, alpha2- or beta-adrenoceptors, 5-HT2A, 5-HT1A, D2 or H1 receptors at concentrations below 1000 nM, however displays weak affinity for muscarinic ACh receptors (Ki = 42 nM). Antidepressant and anxiolytic in vivo.		2.5420aromatic ether;
benzodioxoles;
organofluorine compound;
piperidines		antidepressant;
anxiolytic drug;
hepatotoxic agent;
P450 inhibitor;
serotonin uptake inhibitor
captopril
Captopril: A potent and specific inhibitor of PEPTIDYL-DIPEPTIDASE A. It blocks the conversion of ANGIOTENSIN I to ANGIOTENSIN II, a vasoconstrictor and important regulator of arterial blood pressure. Captopril acts to suppress the RENIN-ANGIOTENSIN SYSTEM and inhibits pressure responses to exogenous angiotensin.. captopril : A L-proline derivative in which L-proline is substituted on nitrogen with a (2S)-2-methyl-3-sulfanylpropanoyl group. It is used as an anti-hypertensive ACE inhibitor drug.		4.0931alkanethiol;
L-proline derivative;
N-acylpyrrolidine;
pyrrolidinemonocarboxylic acid		antihypertensive agent;
EC 3.4.15.1 (peptidyl-dipeptidase A) inhibitor
4-(n-methyl-n-nitrosamino)-1-(3-pyridyl)-1-butanone
4-(N-methyl-N-nitrosamino)-1-(3-pyridyl)-1-butanone: structure; from tobacco smoke		2.9210nitrosamine;
pyridines
arsenobetaine
[no description available]		2.0410organic salt
colforsin
Colforsin: Potent activator of the adenylate cyclase system and the biosynthesis of cyclic AMP. From the plant COLEUS FORSKOHLII. Has antihypertensive, positive inotropic, platelet aggregation inhibitory, and smooth muscle relaxant activities; also lowers intraocular pressure and promotes release of hormones from the pituitary gland.		1.9810acetate ester;
cyclic ketone;
labdane diterpenoid;
organic heterotricyclic compound;
tertiary alpha-hydroxy ketone;
triol		adenylate cyclase agonist;
anti-HIV agent;
antihypertensive agent;
plant metabolite;
platelet aggregation inhibitor;
protein kinase A agonist
fomesafen
fomesafen: a protoporphyrinogen oxidase-inhibiting herbicide. fomesafen : An N-sulfonylcarboxamide that is N-(methylsulfonyl)benzamide in which the phenyl ring is substituted by a nitro group at position 2 and a 2-chloro-4-(trifluoromethyl)phenoxy group at position 5. A protoporphyrinogen oxidase inhibitor, it was specially developed for use (generally as the corresponding sodium salt, fomesafen-sodium) for post-emergence control of broad-leaf weeds in soya.		4.2741aromatic ether;
C-nitro compound;
monochlorobenzenes;
N-sulfonylcarboxamide;
organofluorine compound;
phenols		agrochemical;
EC 1.3.3.4 (protoporphyrinogen oxidase) inhibitor;
herbicide
swainsonine
Swainsonine: An indolizidine alkaloid from the plant Swainsona canescens that is a potent alpha-mannosidase inhibitor. Swainsonine also exhibits antimetastatic, antiproliferative, and immunomodulatory activity.. swainsonine : An indolizidine alkaloid isolated from the plant Swainsona canescens with three hydroxy substituents at positions 1, 2 and 8.		1.9810indolizidine alkaloidantineoplastic agent;
EC 3.2.1.114 (mannosyl-oligosaccharide 1,3-1,6-alpha-mannosidase) inhibitor;
immunological adjuvant;
plant metabolite
metsulfuron methyl
metsulfuron methyl : A N-sulfonylurea in which the sulfonyl group is attached to a 2-(methoxycarbonyl)phenyl group while a (4-methoxy-6-methyl-1,3,5-triazin-2-yl group replaces one of the amino hydrogens of the remaining urea group.		1.93101,3,5-triazines;
benzoate ester;
N-sulfonylurea		environmental contaminant;
herbicide;
xenobiotic
lovastatin
Lovastatin: A fungal metabolite isolated from cultures of Aspergillus terreus. The compound is a potent anticholesteremic agent. It inhibits 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl coenzyme A reductase (HYDROXYMETHYLGLUTARYL COA REDUCTASES), which is the rate-limiting enzyme in cholesterol biosynthesis. It also stimulates the production of low-density lipoprotein receptors in the liver.. lovastatin : A fatty acid ester that is mevastatin carrying an additional methyl group on the carbobicyclic skeleton. It is used in as an anticholesteremic drug and has been found in fungal species such as Aspergillus terreus and Pleurotus ostreatus (oyster mushroom).		2.0310delta-lactone;
fatty acid ester;
hexahydronaphthalenes;
polyketide;
statin (naturally occurring)		anticholesteremic drug;
antineoplastic agent;
Aspergillus metabolite;
prodrug
simvastatin
Simvastatin: A derivative of LOVASTATIN and potent competitive inhibitor of 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl coenzyme A reductase (HYDROXYMETHYLGLUTARYL COA REDUCTASES), which is the rate-limiting enzyme in cholesterol biosynthesis. It may also interfere with steroid hormone production. Due to the induction of hepatic LDL RECEPTORS, it increases breakdown of LDL CHOLESTEROL.. simvastatin : A member of the class of hexahydronaphthalenes that is lovastatin in which the 2-methylbutyrate ester moiety has been replaced by a 2,2-dimethylbutyrate ester group. It is used as a cholesterol-lowering and anti-cardiovascular disease drug.		6.3343delta-lactone;
fatty acid ester;
hexahydronaphthalenes;
statin (semi-synthetic)		EC 1.1.1.34/EC 1.1.1.88 (hydroxymethylglutaryl-CoA reductase) inhibitor;
EC 3.4.24.83 (anthrax lethal factor endopeptidase) inhibitor;
ferroptosis inducer;
geroprotector;
prodrug
pravastatin
Pravastatin: An antilipemic fungal metabolite isolated from cultures of Nocardia autotrophica. It acts as a competitive inhibitor of HMG CoA reductase (HYDROXYMETHYLGLUTARYL COA REDUCTASES).. pravastatin : A carboxylic ester resulting from the formal condensation of (S)-2-methylbutyric acid with the hydroxy group adjacent to the ring junction of (3R,5R)-7-[(1S,2S,6S,8S,8aR)-6,8-dihydroxy-2-methyl-1,2,6,7,8,8a-hexahydronaphthalen-1-yl]-3,5-dihydroxyheptanoic acid. Derived from microbial transformation of mevastatin, pravastatin is a reversible inhibitor of 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-coenzyme A (HMG-CoA). The sodium salt is used for lowering cholesterol and preventing cardiovascular disease. It is one of the lower potency statins, but has the advantage of fewer side effects compared with lovastatin and simvastatin.		6.67323-hydroxy carboxylic acid;
carbobicyclic compound;
carboxylic ester;
hydroxy monocarboxylic acid;
secondary alcohol;
statin (semi-synthetic)		anticholesteremic drug;
environmental contaminant;
metabolite;
xenobiotic
raloxifene hydrochloride
Raloxifene Hydrochloride: A second generation selective estrogen receptor modulator (SERM) used to prevent osteoporosis in postmenopausal women. It has estrogen agonist effects on bone and cholesterol metabolism but behaves as a complete estrogen antagonist on mammary gland and uterine tissue.. raloxifene hydrochloride : A hydrochloride salt resulting from the reaction of equimolar amounts of raloxifene and hydrogen chloride.		3.8221hydrochloridebone density conservation agent;
estrogen antagonist;
estrogen receptor modulator
adapalene
Adapalene: A naphthalene derivative that has specificity for RETINOIC ACID RECEPTORS. It is used as a DERMATOLOGIC AGENT for the treatment of ACNE.. adapalene : A naphthoic acid that is CD437 in which the phenolic hydroxy group has been converted to its methyl ether.		2.110adamantanes;
monocarboxylic acid;
naphthoic acid		dermatologic drug;
EC 2.7.11.22 (cyclin-dependent kinase) inhibitor;
non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug
clopidogrel
Clopidogrel: A ticlopidine analog and platelet purinergic P2Y receptor antagonist that inhibits adenosine diphosphate-mediated PLATELET AGGREGATION. It is used to prevent THROMBOEMBOLISM in patients with ARTERIAL OCCLUSIVE DISEASES; MYOCARDIAL INFARCTION; STROKE; or ATRIAL FIBRILLATION.. clopidogrel : A thienopyridine that is 4,5,6,7-tetrahydrothieno[3,2-c]pyridine in which the hydrogen attached to the nitrogen is replaced by an o-chlorobenzyl group, the methylene hydrogen of which is replaced by a methoxycarbonyl group (the S enantiomer). A P2Y12 receptor antagonist, it is used to inhibit blood clots and prevent heart attacks.		4.0640methyl ester;
monochlorobenzenes;
thienopyridine		anticoagulant;
P2Y12 receptor antagonist;
platelet aggregation inhibitor
gemcitabine
gemcitabine : A 2'-deoxycytidine having geminal fluoro substituents in the 2'-position. An inhibitor of ribonucleotide reductase, gemcitabine is used in the treatment of various carcinomas, particularly non-small cell lung cancer, pancreatic cancer, bladder cancer and breast cancer.		6.1251organofluorine compound;
pyrimidine 2'-deoxyribonucleoside		antimetabolite;
antineoplastic agent;
antiviral drug;
DNA synthesis inhibitor;
EC 1.17.4.1 (ribonucleoside-diphosphate reductase) inhibitor;
environmental contaminant;
immunosuppressive agent;
photosensitizing agent;
prodrug;
radiosensitizing agent;
xenobiotic
aripiprazole
Aripiprazole: A piperazine and quinolone derivative that is used primarily as an antipsychotic agent. It is a partial agonist of SEROTONIN RECEPTOR, 5-HT1A and DOPAMINE D2 RECEPTORS, where it also functions as a post-synaptic antagonist, and an antagonist of SEROTONIN RECEPTOR, 5-HT2A. It is used for the treatment of SCHIZOPHRENIA and BIPOLAR DISORDER, and as an adjunct therapy for the treatment of depression.. aripiprazole : An N-arylpiperazine that is piperazine substituted by a 4-[(2-oxo-1,2,3,4-tetrahydroquinolin-7-yl)oxy]butyl group at position 1 and by a 2,3-dichlorophenyl group at position 4. It is an antipsychotic drug used for the treatment of Schizophrenia, and other mood disorders.		4.5220aromatic ether;
delta-lactam;
dichlorobenzene;
N-alkylpiperazine;
N-arylpiperazine;
quinolone		drug metabolite;
H1-receptor antagonist;
second generation antipsychotic;
serotonergic agonist
duloxetine hydrochloride
Duloxetine Hydrochloride: A thiophene derivative and selective NEUROTRANSMITTER UPTAKE INHIBITOR for SEROTONIN and NORADRENALINE (SNRI). It is an ANTIDEPRESSIVE AGENT and ANXIOLYTIC, and is also used for the treatment of pain in patients with DIABETES MELLITUS and FIBROMYALGIA.. (S)-duloxetine hydrochloride : A duloxetine hydrochloride in which the duloxetine moiety has S configuration.		5.8232duloxetine hydrochlorideantidepressant
3-iodobenzylguanidine
3-Iodobenzylguanidine: A guanidine analog with specific affinity for tissues of the sympathetic nervous system and related tumors. The radiolabeled forms are used as antineoplastic agents and radioactive imaging agents. (Merck Index, 12th ed) MIBG serves as a neuron-blocking agent which has a strong affinity for, and retention in, the adrenal medulla and also inhibits ADP-ribosyltransferase.		1.9910organoiodine compound
capecitabine
Capecitabine: A deoxycytidine derivative and fluorouracil PRODRUG that is used as an ANTINEOPLASTIC ANTIMETABOLITE in the treatment of COLON CANCER; BREAST CANCER and GASTRIC CANCER.. capecitabine : A carbamate ester that is cytidine in which the hydrogen at position 5 is replaced by fluorine and in which the amino group attached to position 4 is converted into its N-(penyloxy)carbonyl derivative. Capecitabine is a antineoplastic agent used in the treatment of cancers.		3.411carbamate ester;
cytidines;
organofluorine compound		antimetabolite;
antineoplastic agent;
prodrug
adenosine
quinquefolan B: isolated from roots of Panax quinquefolium L.; RN not in Chemline 10/87; RN from Toxlit		10.32513adenosines;
purines D-ribonucleoside		analgesic;
anti-arrhythmia drug;
fundamental metabolite;
human metabolite;
vasodilator agent
metaldehyde
metaldehyde: polymer of acetaldehyde. metaldehyde : A member of the class of tetroxocanes that is 1,3,5,7-tetroxocane which carries four methyl groups at positions 2,4,6 and 8. It is a potent molluscicide and the active ingredient in most slug pellets used for crop protection.		1.9610tetroxocanefuel;
molluscicide
allyl formate
[no description available]		1.9310
sodium molybdate(vi)
sodium molybdate(VI): RN given refers to molybdic acid, di-Na salt. sodium molybdate (anhydrous) : An inorganic sodium salt having molybdate as the counterion.		2.1710inorganic sodium saltpoison
acridine orange
Acridine Orange: A cationic cytochemical stain specific for cell nuclei, especially DNA. It is used as a supravital stain and in fluorescence cytochemistry. It may cause mutations in microorganisms.. acridine orange : Fluorescent dye useful for cell cycle determination. It is cell-permeable, and interacts with DNA and RNA by intercalation or electrostatic attractions respectively.. acridine orange free base : A member of the class of aminoacridines that is acridine carrying two dimethylamino substituents at positions 3 and 6. The hydrochloride salt is the fluorescent dye 'acridine orange', used for cell cycle determination.		2.4420aminoacridines;
aromatic amine;
tertiary amino compound		fluorochrome;
histological dye
potassium phosphate
potassium phosphate: used in dental materials and to treat hypophosphatemia; RN given refers to cpd with unspecified MF. tripotassium phosphate : An inorganic potassium salt that is the tripotassium salt of phosphoric acid.		2.4120inorganic phosphate salt;
inorganic potassium salt
colestipol
Colestipol: Highly crosslinked and insoluble basic anion exchange resin used as anticholesteremic. It may also may reduce triglyceride levels.. colestipol : A high molecular weight copolymer of diethylenetriamine and epichlorohydrin (hydrochloride), with approximately 1 out of 5 amine nitrogens protonated. Due to the highly cross-linked and insoluble nature of the material, no structural formula has been assigned and no specific molecular weight information is available. A basic anion exchange resin, it is used as its hydrochloride for binding bile acids in the intestine, inhibiting their reabsorption.		1.9510
octyl glucoside
octyl-beta-D-glucoside: RN given refers to (beta)-isomer. octyl beta-D-glucopyranoside : An beta-D-glucoside in which the anomeric hydrogen of beta-D-glucopyranose is substituted by an octyl group.		2.0710beta-D-glucosideplant metabolite
trazodone hydrochloride
Triticum: A plant genus of the family POACEAE that is the source of EDIBLE GRAIN. A hybrid with rye (SECALE CEREALE) is called TRITICALE. The seed is ground into FLOUR and used to make BREAD, and is the source of WHEAT GERM AGGLUTININS.. trazodone hydrochloride : A hydrochloride salt prepared from equimolar amounts of trazodone and hydrogen chloride.		8.2193hydrochlorideadrenergic antagonist;
antidepressant;
H1-receptor antagonist;
sedative;
serotonin uptake inhibitor
glucose, (beta-d)-isomer
beta-D-glucose : D-Glucopyranose with beta configuration at the anomeric centre.. (1->4)-beta-D-glucan : A beta-D-glucan in which the glucose units are connected by (1->4) linkages.. (1->3)-beta-D-glucan : A beta-D-glucan in which the glucose units are connected by (1->3) linkages.		5.1962D-glucopyranoseepitope;
mouse metabolite
anisodamine
anisodamine: alkaloid isolated from Chinese solanacea plant		2.1310
chloroquine diphosphate
[no description available]		1.9310
trimethoprim, sulfadoxine drug combination
trimethoprim, sulfadoxine drug combination: combination of sulfadoxine & trimethoprim		2.0810
meglumine antimoniate
Meglumine Antimoniate: ANTIMONY salt of meglumine that is used in the treatment of LEISHMANIASIS.		2.3110
thiazolyl blue
thiazolyl blue: RN & II refers to bromide. 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide : The bromide salt of 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium.		2.0310organic bromide saltcolorimetric reagent;
dye
thymidine 5'-triphosphate
thymidine 5'-triphosphate: RN given refers to parent cpd. dTTP : A thymidine phosphate having a triphosphate group at the 5'-position.		1.9910pyrimidine 2'-deoxyribonucleoside 5'-triphosphate;
thymidine phosphate		Escherichia coli metabolite;
mouse metabolite
5-methylcytosine
5-Methylcytosine: A methylated nucleotide base found in eukaryotic DNA. In ANIMALS, the DNA METHYLATION of CYTOSINE to form 5-methylcytosine is found primarily in the palindromic sequence CpG. In PLANTS, the methylated sequence is CpNpGp, where N can be any base.. 5-methylcytosine : A pyrimidine that is a derivative of cytosine, having a methyl group at the 5-position.		4.4750methylcytosine;
pyrimidines		human metabolite
epigallocatechin gallate
epigallocatechin gallate: a steroid 5alpha-reductase inhibitor and antimutagen in green tea (Camellia sinensis). (-)-epigallocatechin 3-gallate : A gallate ester obtained by the formal condensation of gallic acid with the (3R)-hydroxy group of (-)-epigallocatechin.		2.610flavans;
gallate ester;
polyphenol		antineoplastic agent;
antioxidant;
apoptosis inducer;
geroprotector;
Hsp90 inhibitor;
neuroprotective agent;
plant metabolite
deoxyuridine triphosphate
[no description available]		1.9910deoxyuridine phosphate;
pyrimidine 2'-deoxyribonucleoside 5'-triphosphate		Arabidopsis thaliana metabolite;
Escherichia coli metabolite;
human metabolite;
mouse metabolite
6-sulfatoxymelatonin
6-sulfatoxymelatonin: metabolite of melatonin; RN given refers to parent cpd		3.3711acetamides
chlorin
chlorin: RN given refers to parent cpd; structure. chlorin : A tetrapyrrole fundamental parent that is obtained by formal hydrogenation across the 2,3-double bond of porphyrin.		2.0310
aica ribonucleotide
AICA ribonucleotide: purine precursor that has antineoplastic activity. AICA ribonucleotide : A 1-(phosphoribosyl)imidazolecarboxamide that is acadesine in which the hydroxy group at the 5' position has been converted to its monophosphate derivative.		4.77211-(phosphoribosyl)imidazolecarboxamide;
aminoimidazole		cardiovascular drug;
Escherichia coli metabolite;
human metabolite;
mouse metabolite;
plant metabolite;
Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite
metaperiodate
Periodic Acid: A strong oxidizing agent.		2.3720iodine oxoacid
lissamine rhodamine b
lissamine rhodamine B: RN given refers to parent cpd; Lissamine Rhodamine B refers to Na salt		2.0110
tris(2,2'-bipyridine)ruthenium(II)
tris(2,2'-bipyridyl)ruthenium(II): a fluorescent dye; structure in first source		2.0610ruthenium coordination entityfluorochrome
fluorophosphate
fluorophosphate: inhibits Phosphorylas phosphatase irreversibly; RN given refers to parent cpd		1.9410fluorine molecular entity;
phosphoric acid derivative
glutathione disulfide
Glutathione Disulfide: A GLUTATHIONE dimer formed by a disulfide bond between the cysteine sulfhydryl side chains during the course of being oxidized.		4.7871glutathione derivative;
organic disulfide		Escherichia coli metabolite;
mouse metabolite
sinefungin
[no description available]		2.0110adenosines;
non-proteinogenic alpha-amino acid		antifungal agent;
antimicrobial agent
cephalosporin c
cephalosporin C: RN given refers to parent cpd; structure in Merck, 9th ed, #1937. cephalosporin C : A cephalosporin antibiotic carrying a 3-acetoxymethyl substituent and a 6-oxo-N(6)-L-lysino group at position 7.		3.4820cephalosporinfungal metabolite
anthraquinone-2,6-disulfonate
anthraquinone-2,6-disulfonate: structure in first source. anthraquinone-2,6-disulfonic acid : A member of the class of anthraquinones that is 9,10-anthraquinone substituted at positions 2 and 6 by sulfo groups.		2.0210anthraquinone;
arenesulfonic acid
thiochrome
thiochrome: structure		1.9310
1,7-phenanthroline
[no description available]		4.7871phenanthroline
triazoles
Triazoles: Heterocyclic compounds containing a five-membered ring with two carbon atoms and three nitrogen atoms with the molecular formula C2H3N3.. triazoles : An azole in which the five-membered heterocyclic aromatic skeleton contains three N atoms and two C atoms.		3.18501,2,3-triazole
isocoumarins
Isocoumarins: Compounds that differ from COUMARINS in having the positions of the ring and ketone oxygens reversed so the keto oxygen is at the 1-position of the molecule.. isocoumarin : The simplest member of the class of isocoumarins that is 1H-isochromene which is substituted by an oxo group at position 1.		2.0310isocoumarins
hydracrylic acid
3-hydroxypropionic acid : A 3-hydroxy monocarboxylic acid that is propionic acid in which one of the hydrogens attached to the terminal carbon is replaced by a hydroxy group.		2.98403-hydroxy monocarboxylic acid;
omega-hydroxy-short-chain fatty acid		Escherichia coli metabolite;
human metabolite
fluorodeoxyglucose f18
Fluorodeoxyglucose F18: The compound is given by intravenous injection to do POSITRON-EMISSION TOMOGRAPHY for the assessment of cerebral and myocardial glucose metabolism in various physiological or pathological states including stroke and myocardial ischemia. It is also employed for the detection of malignant tumors including those of the brain, liver, and thyroid gland. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p1162)		3.84212-deoxy-2-((18)F)fluoro-D-glucose;
2-deoxy-2-fluoro-aldehydo-D-glucose
sertraline
Sertraline: A selective serotonin uptake inhibitor that is used in the treatment of depression.. sertraline : A member of the class of tetralins that is tetralin which is substituted at positions 1 and 4 by a methylamino and a 3,4-dichlorophenyl group, respectively (the S,S diastereoisomer). A selective serotonin-reuptake inhibitor (SSRI), it is administered orally as the hydrochloride salt as an antidepressant for the treatment of depression, obsessive-compulsive disorder, panic disorder and post-traumatic stress disorder.		3.3510dichlorobenzene;
secondary amino compound;
tetralins		antidepressant;
serotonin uptake inhibitor
zoledronic acid
Zoledronic Acid: An imidobisphosphonate inhibitor of BONE RESORPTION that is used for the treatment of malignancy-related HYPERCALCEMIA; OSTEITIS DEFORMANS; and OSTEOPOROSIS.. zoledronic acid : An imidazole compound having a 2,2-bis(phosphono)-2-hydroxyethane-1-yl substituent at the 1-position.		3.44111,1-bis(phosphonic acid);
imidazoles		bone density conservation agent
piloty's acid
Piloty's acid: structure in first source		2.1310sulfonamide
trichlorosucrose
trichlorosucrose: sweetness intensity roughly 600 times that of sucrose and is nonnutritive and noncaloric; largely unabsorbed in the gastrointestinal tract. sucralose : A disaccharide derivative consisting of 4-chloro-4-deoxy-alpha-D-galactopyranose and 1,6-dichloro-1,6-dideoxy-beta-D-fructofuranose units linked by a glycosidic bond.		3.6220disaccharide derivative;
organochlorine compound		environmental contaminant;
sweetening agent;
xenobiotic
5-methoxyresorcinol
5-methoxyresorcinol: structure in first source. flamenol : A member of the class of resorcinols that is phloroglucinol in which one of the phenolic hydrogens has been replaced by a methyl group.		1.9810monomethoxybenzene;
resorcinols		Brassica napus metabolite
oxetanocin a
oxetanocin: from Bacillus megaterium NK84-0218; structure given in first source. oxetanocin A : A nucleoside analogue found in Bacillus megaterium in which an adenine moiety is attached to position 2 of a of an oxetane ring which is substituted at positions 3 and 4 by hydroxymethyl groups.		3.6620diol;
nucleoside analogue;
oxetanes;
primary alcohol		anti-HIV agent;
antibacterial agent;
bacterial metabolite
methotrimeprazine
Methotrimeprazine: A phenothiazine with pharmacological activity similar to that of both CHLORPROMAZINE and PROMETHAZINE. It has the histamine-antagonist properties of the antihistamines together with CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM effects resembling those of chlorpromazine. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p604). methotrimeprazine : A member of the class of phenothiazines that is 10H-phenothiazine substituted by a (2R)-3-(dimethylamino)-2-methylpropyl group and a methoxy group at positions 10 and 2 respectively.		1.9410phenothiazines;
tertiary amine		anticoronaviral agent;
cholinergic antagonist;
dopaminergic antagonist;
EC 3.4.21.26 (prolyl oligopeptidase) inhibitor;
non-narcotic analgesic;
phenothiazine antipsychotic drug;
serotonergic antagonist
4-o-methyl-12-o-tetradecanoylphorbol 13-acetate
[no description available]		2.0510
honokiol
[no description available]		2.0510biphenyls
leupeptin
[no description available]		3.0950aldehyde;
tripeptide		bacterial metabolite;
calpain inhibitor;
cathepsin B inhibitor;
EC 3.4.21.4 (trypsin) inhibitor;
serine protease inhibitor
2-acetylamino-3-chloro-1,4-naphthoquinone
2-acetylamino-3-chloro-1,4-naphthoquinone: structure in first source		2.0610
methylthymol blue
methylthymol blue: RN given refers to tetra-Na salt		2.1310
tosyllysine chloromethyl ketone
Tosyllysine Chloromethyl Ketone: An inhibitor of SERINE ENDOPEPTIDASES. Acts as an alkylating agent and is known to interfere with the translation process.		1.9810sulfonic acid derivative
nicosulfuron
nicosulfuron: inhibits ACETOLACTATE SYNTHASE; Accent is DuPont brand name. nicosulfuron : A N-sulfonylurea that is 2-(carbamoylsulfamoyl)-N,N-dimethylpyridine-3-carboxamide substituted by a 4,6-dimethoxypyrimidin-2-yl group at the amino nitrogen.		2.110N-sulfonylurea;
pyridines;
pyrimidines		environmental contaminant;
herbicide;
xenobiotic
arjunolic acid
arjunolic acid: oleanane type; isol from Cochlospermum tinctorium (Bixaceae); structure given in first source; RN given refers to (2alpha,3beta,4alpha)-isomer; RN for cpd without isomeric designation not avail 12/89. arjunolic acid : A pentacyclic triterpenoid that is olean-12-en-28-oic acid substituted by hydroxy groups at positions 2, 3 and 23 (the 2alpha,3beta stereoisomer). Isolated from Symplocos lancifolia and Juglans sinensis, it exhibits antioxidant and antimicrobial activities.		2.1710hydroxy monocarboxylic acid;
pentacyclic triterpenoid		antibacterial agent;
antifungal agent;
antioxidant;
metabolite
reuterin
[no description available]		4.2260alpha-CH2-containing aldehyde;
propanals
cobalt phthalocyanine
[no description available]		1.9810
rosiglitazone
[no description available]		3.4111aminopyridine;
thiazolidinediones		EC 6.2.1.3 (long-chain-fatty-acid--CoA ligase) inhibitor;
ferroptosis inhibitor;
insulin-sensitizing drug
3,5-dihydroxy-4-methoxybenzoic acid
3,5-dihydroxy-4-methoxybenzoic acid: catechol methyltransferase inhibitor; N1 same as NM		3.8121trihydroxybenzoic acid
dimethylformamide-dimethylacetal
dimethylformamide-dimethylacetal: RN given refers to unlabeled cpd; structure. N,N-dimethylformamide dimethyl acetal : An acetal obtained by formal condensation of N,N-dimethylformamide with methanol. N,N-dimethylformamide dimethyl acetal is a derivatisation agent used in gas-chromatography applications		2.110acetal;
tertiary amino compound		chromatographic reagent
propylsulfonic acid
propylsulfonic acid: RN given refers to cpd without locant for propyl moiety		2.0410
n-hydroxysuccinimide
N-hydroxysuccinimide: structure		210
clarithromycin
Clarithromycin: A semisynthetic macrolide antibiotic derived from ERYTHROMYCIN that is active against a variety of microorganisms. It can inhibit PROTEIN SYNTHESIS in BACTERIA by reversibly binding to the 50S ribosomal subunits. This inhibits the translocation of aminoacyl transfer-RNA and prevents peptide chain elongation.. clarithromycin : The 6-O-methyl ether of erythromycin A, clarithromycin is a macrolide antibiotic used in the treatment of respiratory-tract, skin and soft-tissue infections. It is also used to eradicate Helicobacter pylori in the treatment of peptic ulcer disease. It prevents bacteria from growing by interfering with their protein synthesis.		2.4320macrolide antibioticantibacterial drug;
environmental contaminant;
protein synthesis inhibitor;
xenobiotic
bromates
Bromates: Negative ions or salts derived from bromic acid, HBrO3.		2.5720bromine oxoanion;
monovalent inorganic anion
tebuconazole
Lynx: A genus in the family FELIDAE comprising felines with long legs, ear tufts, and a short tail.. 1-(4-chlorophenyl)-4,4-dimethyl-3-(1H-1,2,4-triazol-1-ylmethyl)pentan-3-ol : A tertiary alcohol that is pentan-3-ol substituted by a 4-chlorophenyl, methyl, methyl, and a 1H-1,2,4-triazol-1-ylmethyl at positions 1, 4, 4 and 3 respectively.. tebuconazole : A racemate composed of equimolar amounts of (R)- and (S)-tebuconazole. A fungicide effective against various smut and bunt diseases in cereals and other field crops.		2.0310monochlorobenzenes;
tertiary alcohol;
triazoles
coenzyme a
[no description available]		12.54480adenosine 3',5'-bisphosphatecoenzyme;
Escherichia coli metabolite;
mouse metabolite
nicotine
(S)-nicotine : A 3-(1-methylpyrrolidin-2-yl)pyridine in which the chiral centre has S-configuration. The naturally occurring and most active enantiomer of nicotine, isolated from Nicotiana tabacum.		3.07503-(1-methylpyrrolidin-2-yl)pyridineanxiolytic drug;
biomarker;
immunomodulator;
mitogen;
neurotoxin;
nicotinic acetylcholine receptor agonist;
peripheral nervous system drug;
phytogenic insecticide;
plant metabolite;
psychotropic drug;
teratogenic agent;
xenobiotic
nsc-172755
butocin: S-substituted analog of mercaptopurine which functions as a cytostatic agent; minor descriptor (75-85); on-line search 6-MERCAPTOPURINE/AA (75-84); Index Medicus search MERCAPTOPURINE/analogs (75-84)		2.7430
fibrinogen
Fibrinogen: Plasma glycoprotein clotted by thrombin, composed of a dimer of three non-identical pairs of polypeptide chains (alpha, beta, gamma) held together by disulfide bonds. Fibrinogen clotting is a sol-gel change involving complex molecular arrangements: whereas fibrinogen is cleaved by thrombin to form polypeptides A and B, the proteolytic action of other enzymes yields different fibrinogen degradation products.. D-iditol : The D-enantiomer of iditol.		8.27212iditolfungal metabolite
cadmium telluride
cadmium telluride: used in radiation monitoring device		2.0810
glycidamide
glycidamide: metabolite of acrylamide; structure given in first source		2.9940
homocysteine
Homocysteine: A thiol-containing amino acid formed by a demethylation of METHIONINE.. homocysteine : A sulfur-containing amino acid consisting of a glycine core with a 2-mercaptoethyl side-chain.. L-homocysteine : A homocysteine that has L configuration.		28.172,703399amino acid zwitterion;
homocysteine;
serine family amino acid		fundamental metabolite;
mouse metabolite
succinyl-coenzyme a
[no description available]		4.6380omega-carboxyacyl-CoAEscherichia coli metabolite;
inhibitor;
mouse metabolite
gamma-tocopherol
gamma-Tocopherol: A natural tocopherol with less antioxidant activity than ALPHA-TOCOPHEROL. It exhibits antioxidant activity by virtue of the phenolic hydrogen on the 2H-1-benzopyran-6-ol nucleus. As in BETA-TOCOPHEROL, it also has three methyl groups on the 6-chromanol nucleus but at different sites.. gamma-tocopherol : A tocopherol in which the chroman-6-ol core is substituted by methyl groups at positions 7 and 8. It is found particularly in maize (corn) oil and soya bean (soybean) oils.		6.6554tocopherol;
vitamin E		algal metabolite;
food antioxidant;
plant metabolite
propionyl-coenzyme a
propionyl-coenzyme A: RN given refers to parent cpd		3.2760acyl-CoAEscherichia coli metabolite;
metabolite;
mouse metabolite
pyrroline
pyrroline: RN given refers to cpd with unspecified locant for dihydro moiety. pyrroline : Any organic heteromonocyclic compound with a structure based on a dihydropyrrole.		2.0410pyrroline
glucuronic acid
Glucuronic Acid: A sugar acid formed by the oxidation of the C-6 carbon of GLUCOSE. In addition to being a key intermediate metabolite of the uronic acid pathway, glucuronic acid also plays a role in the detoxification of certain drugs and toxins by conjugating with them to form GLUCURONIDES.. D-glucuronic acid : The D-enantiomer of glucuronic acid.. D-glucopyranuronic acid : A D-glucuronic acid in cyclic pyranose form.		3.3460D-glucuronic acidalgal metabolite
cobalt
Cobalt: A trace element that is a component of vitamin B12. It has the atomic symbol Co, atomic number 27, and atomic weight 58.93. It is used in nuclear weapons, alloys, and pigments. Deficiency in animals leads to anemia; its excess in humans can lead to erythrocytosis.. cobalt(1+) : A monovalent inorganic cation obtained from cobalt.. cobalt atom : A cobalt group element atom that has atomic number 27.		15.2456311cobalt group element atom;
metal allergen		micronutrient
hydrogen sulfite
[no description available]		1.9310sulfur oxoanionhuman metabolite;
mouse metabolite;
Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite
carbidopa, levodopa drug combination
[no description available]		3.8921
vitamin b 6
Vitamin B 6: VITAMIN B 6 refers to several PICOLINES (especially PYRIDOXINE; PYRIDOXAL; & PYRIDOXAMINE) that are efficiently converted by the body to PYRIDOXAL PHOSPHATE which is a coenzyme for synthesis of amino acids, neurotransmitters (serotonin, norepinephrine), sphingolipids, and aminolevulinic acid. During transamination of amino acids, pyridoxal phosphate is transiently converted into PYRIDOXAMINE phosphate. Although pyridoxine and Vitamin B 6 are still frequently used as synonyms, especially by medical researchers, this practice is erroneous and sometimes misleading (EE Snell; Ann NY Acad Sci, vol 585 pg 1, 1990). Most of vitamin B6 is eventually degraded to PYRIDOXIC ACID and excreted in the urine.		29.13746150
s-nitrosoglutathione
[no description available]		2.0310glutathione derivative;
nitrosothio compound		bronchodilator agent;
nitric oxide donor;
platelet aggregation inhibitor;
signalling molecule
diacetyldichlorofluorescein
diacetyldichlorofluorescein: stable storage form of dichlorofluorescein		2.0110
trimethylarsine oxide
trimethylarsine oxide: sodium arsenate metabolite in fish		2.0410arsine oxides
artesunic acid
[no description available]		2.0610
cyanates
Cyanates: Organic salts of cyanic acid containing the -OCN radical.. cyanates : Salts and esters of cyanic acid, HOC#N; compounds carrying the cyanate functional group -O-C#N.. isocyanates : Organonitrogen compounds that are derivatives of isocyanic acid; compounds containing the isocyanate functional group -N=C=O (as opposed to the cyanate group, -O-C#N).		2.3520
propionylcarnitine
propionylcarnitine: RN given refers to cpd without isomeric designation		3.0440O-acylcarnitineanalgesic;
antirheumatic drug;
cardiotonic drug;
human metabolite;
peripheral nervous system drug
phorbol-12-myristate
[no description available]		2.1310
dityrosine
dityrosine: o,o'-biphenol analog of tyrosine; isolated from insoluble protein of human cataractous lenses; structure. dityrosine : A biphenyl compound comprising two tyrosine residues linked at carbon-3 of their benzene rings.		2.3110biphenyls;
non-proteinogenic alpha-amino acid;
tyrosine derivative		biomarker
1-hexadecyl-2-acetyl-glycero-3-phosphocholine
Platelet Activating Factor: A phospholipid derivative formed by PLATELETS; BASOPHILS; NEUTROPHILS; MONOCYTES; and MACROPHAGES. It is a potent platelet aggregating agent and inducer of systemic anaphylactic symptoms, including HYPOTENSION; THROMBOCYTOPENIA; NEUTROPENIA; and BRONCHOCONSTRICTION.. 2-O-acetyl-1-O-hexadecyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine : A 2-acetyl-1-alkyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine betaine which has hexadecyl as the alkyl group. PAF is a potent phospholipid activator and mediator of many leukocyte functions, including platelet aggregation, inflammation, and anaphylaxis.		2.38202-acetyl-1-alkyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholineantihypertensive agent;
beta-adrenergic antagonist;
bronchoconstrictor agent;
hematologic agent;
vasodilator agent
deoxyglucose
Deoxyglucose: 2-Deoxy-D-arabino-hexose. An antimetabolite of glucose with antiviral activity.. deoxyglucose : A deoxyhexose comprising glucose having at least one hydroxy group replaced by hydrogen.		2.730
valerates
Valerates: Derivatives of valeric acid, including its salts and esters.		4.1450short-chain fatty acid anion;
straight-chain saturated fatty acid anion		plant metabolite
selenomethylselenocysteine
selenomethylselenocysteine: RN given refers to parent cpd		210non-proteinogenic alpha-amino acid;
selenocysteines		antineoplastic agent;
human metabolite
thromboxanes
thromboxane : A class of oxygenated oxane derivatives, originally derived from prostaglandin precursors in platelets, that stimulate aggregation of platelets and constriction of blood vessels.		3.411
tanshinone
tanshinone: from root of Salvia miltiorrhiza Bunge; RN given refers to tanshinone I; cardioprotective agent and neuroprotective agent		2.1510abietane diterpenoidanticoronaviral agent
caprylates
Caprylates: Derivatives of caprylic acid. Included under this heading are a broad variety of acid forms, salts, esters, and amides that contain a carboxy terminated eight carbon aliphatic structure.. octanoate : A straight-chain saturated fatty acid anion that is the conjugate base of octanoic acid (caprylic acid); believed to block adipogenesis.		4.8521fatty acid anion 8:0;
straight-chain saturated fatty acid anion		human metabolite;
Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite
4,5-dioxovaleric acid
4,5-dioxopentanoic acid : A dioxo monocarboxylic acid consisting of a valeric acid core with the two oxo groups at the 4- and 5-positions.		1.9610dioxo monocarboxylic acid
n-formylnorleucyl-leucyl-4-phenylalanine
N-formylnorleucyl-leucyl-4-phenylalanine: used to demonstrate the specific binding of chemotactic peptides to receptors in rabbit neutrophils		1.9610
1,4,7,10-tetraazacyclododecane- 1,4,7,10-tetraacetic acid
1,4,7,10-tetraazacyclododecane- 1,4,7,10-tetraacetic acid: structure given in first source. DOTA : An azamacrocyle in which four nitrogen atoms at positions 1, 4, 7 and 10 of a twelve-membered ring are each substituted with a carboxymethyl group.		2.0810azamacrocyclechelator;
copper chelator
hydroxypropylmethylcellulose acetate succinate
hydroxypropylmethylcellulose acetate succinate: structure given in first source		2.1710
butyryl-coenzyme a
[no description available]		2.4620butanoyl-CoAsEscherichia coli metabolite;
mouse metabolite
carbene
carbene: electrically neutral species H2C: and its derivatives, in which the carbon is covalently bonded to two univalent groups of any kind or a divalent group and bears two nonbonding electrons; carbene is the name of the parent hydride :CH2 ; hence, the name dichlorocarbene for :CCl2. However, names for acyclic and cyclic hydrocarbons containing one or more divalent carbon atoms are derived from the name of the corresponding all-4-hydrocarbon using the suffix -ylidene; methylene carbene also available. carbene : The electrically neutral species H2C(2.) and its derivatives, in which the carbon is covalently bonded to two univalent groups of any kind or a divalent group and bears two nonbonding electrons, which may be spin-paired (singlet state) or spin-non-paired (triplet state).		2.2110carbene;
methanediyl
peroxynitrous acid
Peroxynitrous Acid: A potent oxidant synthesized by the cell during its normal metabolism. Peroxynitrite is formed from the reaction of two free radicals, NITRIC OXIDE and the superoxide anion (SUPEROXIDES).		2.9940nitrogen oxoacid
imatinib mesylate
imatinib methanesulfonate : A methanesulfonate (mesylate) salt that is the monomesylate salt of imatinib. Used for treatment of chronic myelogenous leukemia and gastrointestinal stromal tumours.		2.4420methanesulfonate saltanticoronaviral agent;
antineoplastic agent;
apoptosis inducer;
tyrosine kinase inhibitor
23-seleno-25-homotaurocholic acid
[no description available]		3.2260corticosteroid hormone
n,n-dimethylarginine
N,N-dimethylarginine: asymmetric dimethylarginine; do not confuse with N,N'-dimethylarginine. N(omega),N(omega)-dimethyl-L-arginine : A L-arginine derivative having two methyl groups both attached to the primary amino moiety of the guanidino group.		9.64147dimethylarginine;
guanidines;
L-arginine derivative;
non-proteinogenic L-alpha-amino acid		EC 1.14.13.39 (nitric oxide synthase) inhibitor
polytrimethylene carbonate
trimethylene carbonate: structure in first source		2.0310
27-hydroxycholesterol
(25R)-cholest-5-ene-3beta,26-diol : A 26-hydroxycholesterol in which the 25-position has R-configuration.		2.411026-hydroxycholesterolapoptosis inducer;
human metabolite;
mouse metabolite;
neuroprotective agent
coenzyme f420
coenzyme gamma-F420-2 : The amide obtained by formal condensation of the carboxylic acid group of F420-0 with the amino group of L-gamma-glutamyl-L-glutamic acid.		1.9810
1,4,7-triazacyclononane-n,n',n''-triacetic acid
1,4,7-triazacyclononane-N,N',N''-triacetic acid: structure given in first source		2.110
factor xiiib
factor XIIIb: deficiency of this cpd causes Type I factor XIII deficiency		2.0110
methotrexate
[no description available]		13.03726dicarboxylic acid;
monocarboxylic acid amide;
pteridines		abortifacient;
antimetabolite;
antineoplastic agent;
antirheumatic drug;
dermatologic drug;
DNA synthesis inhibitor;
EC 1.5.1.3 (dihydrofolate reductase) inhibitor;
immunosuppressive agent
dexpanthenol
dexpanthenol: The alcohol of pantothenic acid		2.610amino alcohol;
monocarboxylic acid amide		cholinergic drug;
provitamin
umifenovir
umifenovir: an antiviral agent		2.2510indolyl carboxylic acid
omega-n-methylarginine
omega-N-Methylarginine: A competitive inhibitor of nitric oxide synthetase.. N(omega)-methyl-L-arginine : A L-arginine derivative with a N(omega)-methyl substituent.		1.9910amino acid zwitterion;
arginine derivative;
guanidines;
L-arginine derivative;
non-proteinogenic L-alpha-amino acid
carbapenems
[no description available]		3.1440
triiodothyronine
L-homocysteine thiolactone : A thiolactone arising from formal condensation of the mercapto (sulfanyl) and carboxylic acid groups of L-homocysteine.		6.871tetrahydrothiophenes;
thiolactone		human metabolite
aspartame
[no description available]		3.5320carboxylic acid;
dipeptide zwitterion;
dipeptide;
methyl ester		apoptosis inhibitor;
EC 3.1.3.1 (alkaline phosphatase) inhibitor;
environmental contaminant;
micronutrient;
nutraceutical;
sweetening agent;
xenobiotic
xylose
xylopyranose: structure in first source		9.611700D-xylose
beta-lactams
2-azetidinone: structure in first source. azetidin-2-one : An unsubstituted beta-lactam compound.. beta-lactam : A lactam in which the amide bond is contained within a four-membered ring, which includes the amide nitrogen and the carbonyl carbon.		2.1110beta-lactam antibiotic allergen;
beta-lactam
cyclic-2,3-diphosphoglycerate
cyclic-2,3-diphosphoglycerate: found in methanogens; has role in carbohydrate metabolism		1.9710bisphosphoglyceric acid
proline
Proline: A non-essential amino acid that is synthesized from GLUTAMIC ACID. It is an essential component of COLLAGEN and is important for proper functioning of joints and tendons.. proline : An alpha-amino acid that is pyrrolidine bearing a carboxy substituent at position 2.		4.6790amino acid zwitterion;
glutamine family amino acid;
L-alpha-amino acid;
proline;
proteinogenic amino acid		algal metabolite;
compatible osmolytes;
Escherichia coli metabolite;
micronutrient;
mouse metabolite;
nutraceutical;
Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite
10-propargyl-10-deazaaminopterin
10-propargyl-10-deazaaminopterin: structure in first source. pralatrexate : A pteridine that is the N-4-[1-(2,4-diaminopteridin-6-yl)pent-4-yn-2-yl]benzoyl derivative of L-glutamic acid. Used for treatment of Peripheral T-Cell Lymphoma, an aggressive form of non-Hodgkins lymphoma.		4.9242N-acyl-L-glutamic acid;
pteridines;
terminal acetylenic compound		antimetabolite;
antineoplastic agent;
EC 1.5.1.3 (dihydrofolate reductase) inhibitor
docetaxel anhydrous
Docetaxel: A semisynthetic analog of PACLITAXEL used in the treatment of locally advanced or metastatic BREAST NEOPLASMS and NON-SMALL CELL LUNG CANCER.. docetaxel anhydrous : A tetracyclic diterpenoid that is paclitaxel with the N-benzyloxycarbonyl group replaced by N-tert-butoxycarbonyl, and the acetoxy group at position 10 replaced by a hydroxy group.		4.1331secondary alpha-hydroxy ketone;
tetracyclic diterpenoid		antimalarial;
antineoplastic agent;
photosensitizing agent
ezetimibe
Ezetimibe: An azetidine derivative and ANTICHOLESTEREMIC AGENT that inhibits intestinal STEROL absorption. It is used to reduce total CHOLESTEROL; LDL CHOLESTEROL, and APOLIPOPROTEINS B in the treatment of HYPERLIPIDEMIAS.. ezetimibe : A beta-lactam that is azetidin-2-one which is substituted at 1, 3, and 4 by p-fluorophenyl, 3-(p-fluorophenyl)-3-hydroxypropyl, and 4-hydroxyphenyl groups, respectively (the 3R,3'S,4S enantiomer).		3.1110azetidines;
beta-lactam;
organofluorine compound		anticholesteremic drug;
antilipemic drug;
antimetabolite
ribulose
ribulose: 5-carbon keto sugar; minor descriptor (75-85); on-line & Index Medicus search PENTOSES (75-85); RN given refers to (erythro)-isomer		2.0710ribuloseEscherichia coli metabolite;
human metabolite
moxifloxacin
Moxifloxacin: A fluoroquinolone that acts as an inhibitor of DNA TOPOISOMERASE II and is used as a broad-spectrum antibacterial agent.. moxifloxacin : A quinolone that consists of 4-oxo-1,4-dihydroquinoline-3-carboxylic acid bearing a cyclopropyl substituent at position 1, a fluoro substitiuent at position 6, a (4aS,7aS)-octahydro-6H-pyrrolo[3,4-b]pyridin-6-yl group at position 7 and a methoxy substituent at position 8. A member of the fluoroquinolone class of antibacterial agents.		2.0710aromatic ether;
cyclopropanes;
fluoroquinolone antibiotic;
pyrrolidinopiperidine;
quinolinemonocarboxylic acid;
quinolone antibiotic;
quinolone		antibacterial drug
azulene sn
azulene SN: RN given refers to parent cpd		1.9810
hydroxyl radical
Hydroxyl Radical: The univalent radical OH. Hydroxyl radical is a potent oxidizing agent.		2.7530oxygen hydride;
oxygen radical;
reactive oxygen species
metabisulfite
metabisulfite: see also related Na metabisulfite & K metabisulfite		2.420sulfur oxide;
sulfur oxoanion
fenton's reagent
Fenton's reagent: used for oxidizing sugars & alcohols		2.110
alpha-ribazole
[no description available]		3.41701-ribosylbenzimidazole;
dimethylbenzimidazole		Escherichia coli metabolite;
mouse metabolite
carbodiimides
Carbodiimides: Compounds with the general formula RN=C=NR, where R is a hydrocarbyl group.. methanediimine : A carbodiimide in which both nitrogens are unsubstituted.		2.420carbodiimide
aminoimidazole ribotide
5-amino-1-(5-phospho-beta-D-ribosyl)imidazole : A 1-(phosphoribosyl)imidazole that is 5-aminoimidazole in which the proton at position 1 has been replaced by a 5-phospho-beta-D-ribofuranosyl group.		2.11101-(phosphoribosyl)imidazole;
aminoimidazole		bacterial metabolite
chlorocarbonic acid
[no description available]		2.0410organooxygen compound
arginine glutamate
[no description available]		3.411glutamic acid derivative
technetium tc 99m pentetate
Technetium Tc 99m Pentetate: A technetium imaging agent used in renal scintigraphy, computed tomography, lung ventilation imaging, gastrointestinal scintigraphy, and many other procedures which employ radionuclide imaging agents.		3.0610
protoporphyrin ix monomethyl ester
protoporphyrin IX monomethyl ester: RN given refers to protoporphyrin IX 18-monomethyl ester. protoporphyrin monomethyl ester : A dicarboxylic acid monoester that is the monomethyl ester of protoporphyrin.		2.0310
symmetric dimethylarginine
N(omega),N'(omega)-dimethyl-L-arginine : A L-arginine derivative having two methyl groups at the N(omega)- and N'(omega)-positions		4.3511amino acid zwitterion;
dimethylarginine;
guanidines;
L-arginine derivative;
non-proteinogenic L-alpha-amino acid		EC 1.14.13.39 (nitric oxide synthase) inhibitor
aminopterin
Aminopterin: A folic acid derivative used as a rodenticide that has been shown to be teratogenic.		6.71102dicarboxylic acidEC 1.5.1.3 (dihydrofolate reductase) inhibitor;
mutagen
3'-(1-butylphosphoryl)adenosine
3'-(1-butylphosphoryl)adenosine: regulatory substance inducing production of rifamycin in Nocardia sp; structure given in first source		1.9310
biotin
vitamin B7 : Any member of a group of vitamers that belong to the chemical structural class called biotins that exhibit biological activity against vitamin B7 deficiency. Vitamin B7 deficiency is very rare in individuals who take a normal balanced diet. Foods rich in biotin are egg yolk, liver, cereals, vegetables (spinach, mushrooms) and rice. Symptoms associated with vitamin B7 deficiency include thinning hair, scaly skin rashes around eyes, nose and mouth, and brittle nails. The vitamers include biotin and its ionized and salt forms.		15.811290biotins;
vitamin B7		coenzyme;
cofactor;
Escherichia coli metabolite;
fundamental metabolite;
human metabolite;
mouse metabolite;
nutraceutical;
prosthetic group;
Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite
angiotensin ii
Giapreza: injectable form of angiotensin II used to increase blood pressure in adult patients with septic or other distributive shock. Ile(5)-angiotensin II : An angiotensin II that acts on the central nervous system (PDB entry: 1N9V).		2.6630amino acid zwitterion;
angiotensin II		human metabolite
cystinylglycine
cystinylglycine: found in human blood plasma		3.3811
campesterol
campesterol: RN refers to (3beta,24R)-isomer; structure		3.4113beta-hydroxy-Delta(5)-steroid;
3beta-sterol;
C28-steroid;
phytosterols		mouse metabolite
atropine
tropan-3alpha-yl 3-hydroxy-2-phenylpropanoate : A tropane alkaloid that is (1R,5)-8-methyl-8-azabicyclo[3.2.1]octane substituted by a (3-hydroxy-2-phenylpropanoyl)oxy group at position 3.		3.3270
lignin
Lignin: The most abundant natural aromatic organic polymer found in all vascular plants. Lignin together with cellulose and hemicellulose are the major cell wall components of the fibers of all wood and grass species. Lignin is composed of coniferyl, p-coumaryl, and sinapyl alcohols in varying ratios in different plant species. (From Merck Index, 11th ed). lignin : A polyphenylpropanoid derived from three monolignol monomers: trans-p-coumaryl alcohol, coniferol and trans-sinapyl alcohol. There is extensive cross-linking and no defined primary structure.		2.3920
ropivacaine
Ropivacaine: An anilide used as a long-acting local anesthetic. It has a differential blocking effect on sensory and motor neurons.. ropivacaine : The piperidinecarboxamide obtained by the formal condensation of N-propylpipecolic acid and 2,6-dimethylaniline.. (S)-ropivacaine : A piperidinecarboxamide-based amide-type local anaesthetic (amide caine) in which (S)-N-propylpipecolic acid and 2,6-dimethylaniline are combined to form the amide bond.		4.0540piperidinecarboxamide;
ropivacaine		local anaesthetic
enzastaurin
[no description available]		3.4411indoles;
maleimides
homocysteic acid
homocysteic acid: promotes growth in hypophysectomized rats; RN given refers to parent cpd. homocysteic acid : A non-proteinogenic alpha-amino acid that is homocysteine in which the thiol group has benn oxidised to the corresponding sulfonic acid.. L-homocysteic acid : A homocysteic acid with L-configuration.		3.921homocysteic acidNMDA receptor agonist
organophosphonates
hydrogenphosphite : A divalent inorganic anion resulting from the removal of a proton from two of the hydroxy groups of phosphorous acid.		5.1101divalent inorganic anion;
phosphite ion
antalarmin
antalarmin : A pyrrolopyrimidine that is 7H-pyrrolo[2,3-d]pyrimidin-4-amine which is substituted by methyl groups at positions 2, 5, and 6, by a mesityl group at position 7, and in which the amino substituent at position 4 has been substituted by ethyl and butyl groups. It is an antagonist of corticotropin-releasing factor 1 (CRF-1) receptors (Ki = 1 nM).		2.1310pyrrolopyrimidine;
tertiary amino compound		corticotropin-releasing factor receptor antagonist
scutellarin
scutellarin: see scutellarein for aglycone. scutellarin : The glycosyloxyflavone which is the 7-O-glucuronide of scutellarein.		3.6320glucosiduronic acid;
glycosyloxyflavone;
monosaccharide derivative;
trihydroxyflavone		antineoplastic agent;
proteasome inhibitor
homocystamine
homocystamine: N1 from 9th CI Form Index; RN given refers to parent cpd; structure given in first source		4.7421
beta-leucine
beta-leucine : A beta-amino acid that is pentanoic acid substituted at positions 3 and 4 by amino and methyl groups respectively.		2.3620beta-amino acidhuman metabolite
sirohydrochlorin
[no description available]		2.9240
fe(iii)-edta
Fe(III)-EDTA: iron fortifying agent; RN given refers to parent cpd		2.4820iron coordination entity
coriolin
coriolin: sesquiterpene antibiotic isolated from Coriolus consors; structure in third source		2.0210
ramelteon
ramelteon: melatonin MT1/MT2 receptor agonist		2.110indanes
arimoclomol
arimoclomol: a coinducer of heat shock proteins, delays disease progression in ALS mice		3.2310
darunavir
Darunavir: An HIV PROTEASE INHIBITOR that is used in the treatment of AIDS and HIV INFECTIONS. Due to the emergence of ANTIVIRAL DRUG RESISTANCE when used alone, it is administered in combination with other ANTI-HIV AGENTS.. darunavir : An N,N-disubstituted benzenesulfonamide bearing an unsubstituted amino group at the 4-position, used for the treatment of HIV infection. A second-generation HIV protease inhibitor, darunavir was designed to form robust interactions with the protease enzyme from many strains of HIV, including those from treatment-experienced patients with multiple resistance mutations to other protease inhibitors.		2.2510carbamate ester;
furofuran;
sulfonamide		antiviral drug;
HIV protease inhibitor
4-chloro-alpha-cyanocinnamic acid
4-chloro-alpha-cyanocinnamic acid: a MALDI matrix		2.1310
deoxycholic acid
Deoxycholic Acid: A bile acid formed by bacterial action from cholate. It is usually conjugated with glycine or taurine. Deoxycholic acid acts as a detergent to solubilize fats for intestinal absorption, is reabsorbed itself, and is used as a choleretic and detergent.. deoxycholic acid : A bile acid that is 5beta-cholan-24-oic acid substituted by hydroxy groups at positions 3 and 12 respectively.		2.8740bile acid;
C24-steroid;
dihydroxy-5beta-cholanic acid		human blood serum metabolite
cortisone
[no description available]		7.1652011-oxo steroid;
17alpha-hydroxy steroid;
20-oxo steroid;
21-hydroxy steroid;
3-oxo-Delta(4) steroid;
C21-steroid;
glucocorticoid;
primary alpha-hydroxy ketone;
tertiary alpha-hydroxy ketone		human metabolite;
mouse metabolite
3-nitrotyrosine
3-nitrotyrosine: RN given refers to parent cpd without isomeric designation. 3-nitrotyrosine : A nitrotyrosine comprising tyrosine having a nitro group at the 3-position on the phenyl ring.		2.46202-nitrophenols;
C-nitro compound;
nitrotyrosine;
non-proteinogenic alpha-amino acid
epinastine
dexamethasone acetate: RN given refers to (11beta,16alpha)-isomer		3.3811corticosteroid hormone
propargylamine
propargylamine: RN given refers to parent cpd; structure		2.0110
2-hydroxyestradiol
2-hydroxyestradiol: catechol estrogen; RN given refers to (17 beta)-isomer. 2-hydroxy-17beta-estradiol : A 2-hydroxy steroid that consists of 17beta-estradiol having an additional hydroxy group at position 2.		2.011017beta-hydroxy steroid;
2-hydroxy steroid		carcinogenic agent;
human metabolite;
metabolite;
mouse metabolite;
prodrug
pheophorbide a
pheophorbide a: split product of chlorophyll obtained by saponification of pheophytin		2.0510
benzofurans
Benzofurans: Compounds that contain a BENZENE ring fused to a furan ring.		2.0310
potassium bromide
potassium bromide : A metal bromide salt with a K(+) counterion.		1.9710potassium salt
5',5',5'-trifluoroleucine
5',5',5'-trifluoroleucine: RN given refers to cpd with unspecified isomeric designation and fluorine locants as specified. 5,5,5-trifluoroleucine : A leucine derivative in which one of its methyl groups is replaced by trifluoromethyl.		1.9610leucine derivative;
non-proteinogenic alpha-amino acid;
organofluorine compound
wortmannin
[no description available]		2.1310acetate ester;
cyclic ketone;
delta-lactone;
organic heteropentacyclic compound		anticoronaviral agent;
antineoplastic agent;
autophagy inhibitor;
EC 2.7.1.137 (phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase) inhibitor;
geroprotector;
Penicillium metabolite;
radiosensitizing agent
bortezomib
[no description available]		521amino acid amide;
L-phenylalanine derivative;
pyrazines		antineoplastic agent;
antiprotozoal drug;
protease inhibitor;
proteasome inhibitor
leupeptins
Leupeptins: A group of acylated oligopeptides produced by Actinomycetes that function as protease inhibitors. They have been known to inhibit to varying degrees trypsin, plasmin, KALLIKREINS, papain and the cathepsins.		3.0950
carboplatin
[no description available]		4.0840
lithium chloride
Lithium Chloride: A salt of lithium that has been used experimentally as an immunomodulator.. lithium chloride : A metal chloride salt with a Li(+) counterion.		2.420inorganic chloride;
lithium salt		antimanic drug;
geroprotector
s-adenosylhomocysteine
S-Adenosylhomocysteine: 5'-S-(3-Amino-3-carboxypropyl)-5'-thioadenosine. Formed from S-adenosylmethionine after transmethylation reactions.. S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine : An organic sulfide that is the S-adenosyl derivative of L-homocysteine.		10.13362adenosines;
amino acid zwitterion;
homocysteine derivative;
homocysteines;
organic sulfide		cofactor;
EC 2.1.1.72 [site-specific DNA-methyltransferase (adenine-specific)] inhibitor;
EC 2.1.1.79 (cyclopropane-fatty-acyl-phospholipid synthase) inhibitor;
epitope;
fundamental metabolite
5'-methylthioadenosine
5'-methylthioadenosine: structure. 5'-S-methyl-5'-thioadenosine : Adenosine with the hydroxy group at C-5' substituted with a methylthio (methylsulfanyl) group.		3.2360thioadenosinealgal metabolite;
Escherichia coli metabolite;
human metabolite;
mouse metabolite;
Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite
glycogen
glycogen : A polydisperse, highly branched glucan composed of chains of D-glucopyranose residues in alpha(1->4) glycosidic linkage, joined together by alpha(1->6) glycosidic linkages. A small number of alpha(1->3) glycosidic linkages and some cumulative alpha(1->6) links also may occur. The branches in glycogen typically contain 8 to 12 glucose residues.		2.8840
5'-deoxyadenosine
5'-deoxyadenosine: main heading DEOXYADENOSINE refers to the 3' cpd. 5'-deoxyadenosine : A 5'-deoxyribonucleoside compound having adenosine as the nucleobase.		3.53805'-deoxyribonucleoside;
adenosines		Escherichia coli metabolite;
human metabolite;
mouse metabolite
sorbose
sorbopyranose : The pyranose form of sorbose.. L-sorbopyranose : The L-stereoisomer of sorbopyranose.		1.9310L-sorbose;
sorbopyranose
fibrin
Fibrin: A protein derived from FIBRINOGEN in the presence of THROMBIN, which forms part of the blood clot.		6.0531peptide
bradykinin
[no description available]		2.8740oligopeptidehuman blood serum metabolite;
vasodilator agent
hexacyanoferrate iii
hexacyanoferrate III: RN given refers to parent cpd		1.9910
glucosamine
D-glucosamine : An amino sugar whose structure comprises D-glucose having an amino substituent at position 2.. 2-amino-2-deoxy-D-glucopyranose : A D-glucosamine whose structure comprises D-glucopyranose having an amino substituent at position 2.		3.9740D-glucosamineEscherichia coli metabolite;
geroprotector;
mouse metabolite
carnosine
polaprezinc: stimulates bone growth		3.8121amino acid zwitterion;
dipeptide		anticonvulsant;
antineoplastic agent;
antioxidant;
Daphnia magna metabolite;
geroprotector;
human metabolite;
mouse metabolite;
neuroprotective agent
formiminoglutamic acid
Formiminoglutamic Acid: Measurement of this acid in the urine after oral administration of histidine provides the basis for the diagnostic test of folic acid deficiency and of megaloblastic anemia of pregnancy.. N-formimidoyl-L-glutamic acid : The N-formimidoyl derivative of L-glutamic acid		8.11280dicarboxylic acid;
L-glutamic acid derivative
raffinose
Raffinose: A trisaccharide occurring in Australian manna (from Eucalyptus spp, Myrtaceae) and in cottonseed meal.. raffinose : A trisaccharide composed of alpha-D-galactopyranose, alpha-D-glucopyranose and beta-D-fructofuranose joined in sequence by 1->6 and 1<->2 glycosidic linkages, respectively.		3.2260raffinose family oligosaccharide;
trisaccharide		mouse metabolite;
plant metabolite;
Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite
epiglucan
epiglucan: a highly side-chain/branched alkali-insoluble cell wall glucan from fungus such as Epicoccum nigrum, Botrytis cinerea, ascomycetes & basidiomycetes; also isolated S-4001 from Lei Wan (polyporus mylitiae), HA-beta-glucan from mushroom Pleutotus ostreatus (Fr.) Quel., and translam from seaweed Laminaria cichorioides; with commercially important functional properties including emulsification and friction reduction.		2.1710
diaminopimelic acid
Diaminopimelic Acid: A diamino derivative of heptanedioic acid with amino groups at C-2 and C-6 and the general formula (COOH)CH(NH2)CH2CH2CH2CH(NH2)(COOH).. LL-2,6-diaminopimelic acid : A 2,6-diaminopimelic acid in which both chiral centres have S configuration. It is a component of bacterial cell wall.		2.06102,6-diaminopimelic acid;
amino acid zwitterion		Escherichia coli metabolite
oxytocin
Oxytocin: A nonapeptide hormone released from the neurohypophysis (PITUITARY GLAND, POSTERIOR). It differs from VASOPRESSIN by two amino acids at residues 3 and 8. Oxytocin acts on SMOOTH MUSCLE CELLS, such as causing UTERINE CONTRACTIONS and MILK EJECTION.. oxytocin : A cyclic nonapeptide hormone with amino acid sequence CYIQNCPLG that also acts as a neurotransmitter in the brain; the principal uterine-contracting and milk-ejecting hormone of the posterior pituitary. Together with the neuropeptide vasopressin, it is believed to influence social cognition and behaviour.		4.2741heterodetic cyclic peptide;
peptide hormone		oxytocic;
vasodilator agent
d-tagatose
D-tagatopyranose : The pyranose form of D-tagatose.		3.1110D-tagatose
pantetheine
Pantetheine: An intermediate in the pathway of coenzyme A formation in mammalian liver and some microorganisms.. pantetheine : An amide obtained by formal condensation of the carboxy group of pantothenic acid and the amino group of cysteamine.		2.3420pantetheines;
thiol		human metabolite;
metabolite;
mouse metabolite
dithioerythritol
[no description available]		1.98101,4-dimercaptobutane-2,3-diolreducing agent
theanine
theanine: RN given refers to (L)-isomer; precursor of ethylamine; found in green tea. N(5)-ethyl-L-glutamine : A N(5)-alkylglutamine where the alkyl group is ethyl. It has been isolated from green tea.		3.6411amino acid zwitterion;
N(5)-alkyl-L-glutamine		geroprotector;
neuroprotective agent;
plant metabolite
cysteinylglycine
cysteinylglycine: RN given refers to (L)-isomer; RN for cpd without isomeric designation not in Chemlne 7/13/83. L-cysteinylglycine : A dipeptide consisting of glycine having an L-cysteinyl attached to its alpha-amino group. It is an intermediate metabolite in glutathione metabolism.		6.57102dipeptide zwitterion;
dipeptide		Escherichia coli metabolite;
human metabolite;
Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite
ouabain
Ouabain: A cardioactive glycoside consisting of rhamnose and ouabagenin, obtained from the seeds of Strophanthus gratus and other plants of the Apocynaceae; used like DIGITALIS. It is commonly used in cell biological studies as an inhibitor of the NA(+)-K(+)-EXCHANGING ATPASE.. cardiac glycoside : Steroid lactones containing sugar residues that act on the contractile force of the cardiac muscles.. ouabain : A steroid hormone that is a multi-hydroxylated alpha-L-rhamnosyl cardenoloide. It binds to and inhibits the plasma membrane Na(+)/K(+)-ATPase (sodium pump). It has been isolated naturally from Strophanthus gratus.		3.26011alpha-hydroxy steroid;
14beta-hydroxy steroid;
5beta-hydroxy steroid;
alpha-L-rhamnoside;
cardenolide glycoside;
steroid hormone		anti-arrhythmia drug;
cardiotonic drug;
EC 2.3.3.1 [citrate (Si)-synthase] inhibitor;
EC 3.1.3.41 (4-nitrophenylphosphatase) inhibitor;
EC 3.6.3.10 (H(+)/K(+)-exchanging ATPase) inhibitor;
EC 3.6.3.9 (Na(+)/K(+)-transporting ATPase) inhibitor;
ion transport inhibitor;
plant metabolite
casein hydrolysate
casein hydrolysate: an ingredient of trypticase soy broth; casitone is a tryptic digest of casein		3.7621
puromycin
[no description available]		4.360puromycinsantiinfective agent;
antimicrobial agent;
antineoplastic agent;
EC 3.4.11.14 (cytosol alanyl aminopeptidase) inhibitor;
EC 3.4.14.2 (dipeptidyl-peptidase II) inhibitor;
nucleoside antibiotic;
protein synthesis inhibitor
mannuronic acid
mannuronic acid: hydrolysis product of alginic acids from ALGAE; has anti-inflammatory activity. D-mannopyranuronic acid : The pyranose form of D-mannonic acid.		3.6411D-mannonic acid
tosylphenylalanyl chloromethyl ketone
Tosylphenylalanyl Chloromethyl Ketone: An inhibitor of Serine Endopeptidases. Acts as alkylating agent and is known to interfere with the translation process.. N-tosyl-L-phenylalanyl chloromethyl ketone : The N-tosyl derivative of L-phenylalanyl chloromethyl ketone.		1.9810alpha-chloroketone;
sulfonamide		alkylating agent;
serine proteinase inhibitor
alpha-aminobutyric acid
alpha-aminobutyric acid: RN given refers to cpd without isomeric designation. alpha-aminobutyric acid : An alpha-amino acid that is butyric acid bearing a single amino substituent located at position 2.. D-alpha-aminobutyric acid : An optically active form of alpha-aminobutyric acid having D-configuration.		2.3720alpha-aminobutyric acid;
D-alpha-amino acid
monoiodotyrosine
Monoiodotyrosine: A product from the iodination of tyrosine. In the biosynthesis of thyroid hormones (THYROXINE and TRIIODOTHYRONINE), tyrosine is first iodized to monoiodotyrosine.. iodotyrosine : A tyrosine derivative which has at least one iodo-substituent on the benzyl moiety.. monoiodotyrosine : An iodotyrosine carrying a single iodo substituent.. 3-iodo-L-tyrosine : The monoiodotyrosine that is L-tyrosine carrying an iodo-substituent at position C-3 of the benzyl group.		2.3520amino acid zwitterion;
L-tyrosine derivative;
monoiodotyrosine;
non-proteinogenic L-alpha-amino acid		EC 1.14.16.2 (tyrosine 3-monooxygenase) inhibitor;
human metabolite;
mouse metabolite
n-formylmethionine
N-formyl-L-methionine : A L-methionine derivative in which one of the hydrogens attached to the nitrogen is replaced by a formyl group.		1.9610L-methionine derivative;
N-formyl amino acid;
proteinogenic amino acid		metabolite
nitroarginine
Nitroarginine: An inhibitor of nitric oxide synthetase which has been shown to prevent glutamate toxicity. Nitroarginine has been experimentally tested for its ability to prevent ammonia toxicity and ammonia-induced alterations in brain energy and ammonia metabolites. (Neurochem Res 1995:200(4):451-6). N(gamma)-nitro-L-arginine : An L-arginine derivative that is L-arginine in which the terminal nitrogen of the guanidyl group is replaced by a nitro group.		210guanidines;
L-arginine derivative;
N-nitro compound;
non-proteinogenic L-alpha-amino acid
trimethyllysine
trimethyllysine: stimulates growth of tumor cells; RN given refers to (S)-isomer		4.3911alpha-amino-acid cationhuman metabolite;
mouse metabolite
inositol 3-phosphate
inositol 3-phosphate: RN given refers to (myo)-isomer		1.9410
dehydroascorbic acid
Dehydroascorbic Acid: The reversibly oxidized form of ascorbic acid. It is the lactone of 2,3-DIKETOGULONIC ACID and has antiscorbutic activity in man on oral ingestion.. L-dehydroascorbate : An organic anion and the conjugate base of L-dehydroascorbic acid, arising from deprotonation of the acidic C2-position.. L-dehydroascorbic acid : Dehydroascorbic acid having the L-configuration.		2.6630dehydroascorbic acid;
vitamin C		coenzyme;
mouse metabolite
eriodictyol
eriodictyol: structure. eriodictyol : A tetrahydroxyflavanone that is flavanone substituted by hydroxy groups at positions 5, 7, 3' and 4' respectively.		1.93103'-hydroxyflavanones;
tetrahydroxyflavanone
dyphylline
hydrogenobyrinic acid: structure given in first source		4.3860
cellulase
Cellulase: An endocellulase with specificity for the hydrolysis of 1,4-beta-glucosidic linkages in CELLULOSE, lichenin, and cereal beta-glucans.. beta-cellotriose : A cellotriose with a beta-configuration at the anomeric position.		210cellotriose
2-hydroxypropylphosphonic acid
2-hydroxypropylphosphonic acid: structure in first source. 2-hydroxypropylphosphonic acid : A phosphonic acid consisting of propan-2-ol with the phospho group at the 1-position.		2.110phosphonic acids;
secondary alcohol		mouse metabolite
strychnine
Strychnine: An alkaloid found in the seeds of STRYCHNOS NUX-VOMICA. It is a competitive antagonist at glycine receptors and thus a convulsant. It has been used as an analeptic, in the treatment of nonketotic hyperglycinemia and sleep apnea, and as a rat poison.. strychnine : A monoterpenoid indole alkaloid that is strychnidine bearing a keto substituent at the 10-position.		3.9640monoterpenoid indole alkaloid;
organic heteroheptacyclic compound		avicide;
cholinergic antagonist;
glycine receptor antagonist;
neurotransmitter agent;
rodenticide
thienamycin
thienamycin: beta-lactam antibiotic; RN given refers to cpd without isomeric designation		2.7330carbapenems
griseofulvin
Griseofulvin: An antifungal agent used in the treatment of TINEA infections.. griseofulvin : An oxaspiro compound produced by Penicillium griseofulvum. It is used by mouth as an antifungal drug for infections involving the scalp, hair, nails and skin that do not respond to topical treatment.		3.04101-benzofurans;
antibiotic antifungal drug;
benzofuran antifungal drug;
organochlorine compound;
oxaspiro compound		antibacterial agent;
Penicillium metabolite
monensin
Monensin: An antiprotozoal agent produced by Streptomyces cinnamonensis. It exerts its effect during the development of first-generation trophozoites into first-generation schizonts within the intestinal epithelial cells. It does not interfere with hosts' development of acquired immunity to the majority of coccidial species. Monensin is a sodium and proton selective ionophore and is widely used as such in biochemical studies.. monensin A : A spiroketal, monensin A is the major component of monensin, a mixture of antibiotic substances produced by Streptomyces cinnamonensis. An antiprotozoal, it is used as the sodium salt as a feed additive for the prevention of coccidiosis in poultry and as a growth promoter in cattle.		4.2941cyclic hemiketal;
monocarboxylic acid;
polyether antibiotic;
spiroketal		antifungal agent;
coccidiostat;
ionophore
pentazocine
Pentazocine: The first mixed agonist-antagonist analgesic to be marketed. It is an agonist at the kappa and sigma opioid receptors and has a weak antagonist action at the mu receptor. (From AMA Drug Evaluations Annual, 1991, p97)		2.0510benzazocine
mometasone furoate
Mometasone Furoate: A pregnadienediol derivative ANTI-ALLERGIC AGENT and ANTI-INFLAMMATORY AGENT that is used in the management of ASTHMA and ALLERGIC RHINITIS. It is also used as a topical treatment for skin disorders.		3.161011beta-hydroxy steroid;
2-furoate ester;
20-oxo steroid;
3-oxo-Delta(1),Delta(4)-steroid;
organochlorine compound;
steroid ester		anti-allergic agent;
anti-inflammatory drug
indican
[no description available]		5.25170beta-D-glucoside;
exopolysaccharide;
indolyl carbohydrate
ginsenoside rg1
[no description available]		2.111012beta-hydroxy steroid;
3beta-hydroxy-4,4-dimethylsteroid;
beta-D-glucoside;
ginsenoside;
tetracyclic triterpenoid		neuroprotective agent;
pro-angiogenic agent
dendrobine
dendrobine: RN given refers to parent cpd; structure		2.0210indoles
lignans
Lignans: A class of dibenzylbutane derivatives which occurs in higher plants and in fluids (bile, serum, urine, etc.) in man and other animals. These compounds, which have a potential anti-cancer role, can be synthesized in vitro by human fecal flora. (From Singleton & Sainsbury, Dictionary of Microbiology and Molecular Biology, 2d ed)		2.4720
schizandrin c
schizandrin C: from Schizandra chinensis Baill & Fructus schisandrae; protects liver from carbon tetrachloride injury;		2.0810tannin
acriflavine
Acriflavine: 3,6-Diamino-10-methylacridinium chloride mixt. with 3,6-acridinediamine. Fluorescent dye used as a local antiseptic and also as a biological stain. It intercalates into nucleic acids thereby inhibiting bacterial and viral replication.		3.5120
n-formylmethionine leucyl-phenylalanine
N-Formylmethionine Leucyl-Phenylalanine: A formylated tripeptide originally isolated from bacterial filtrates that is positively chemotactic to polymorphonuclear leucocytes, and causes them to release lysosomal enzymes and become metabolically activated.. N-formyl-L-methionyl-L-leucyl-L-phenylalanine : A tripeptide composed of L-Met, L-Leu and L-Phe in a linear sequence with a formyl group at the amino terminus. It acts as a potent inducer of leucocyte chemotaxis and macrophage activator as well as a ligand for the FPR receptor.		2.8840tripeptide
sodium arsenite
sodium arsenite : An inoganic sodium salt with formula with formula NaAsO2.		2.5220arsenic molecular entity;
inorganic sodium salt		antibacterial agent;
antifungal agent;
antineoplastic agent;
carcinogenic agent;
herbicide;
insecticide;
rodenticide
vinpocetine
vinpocetine: whole issue of Arzneim Forsch (23 articles) discuss this drug; Arzneim Forsch 26(10a);1976; RN given refers to parent cpd with unspecified isomeric designation		2.1110alkaloidgeroprotector
tibolone
tibolone: used in prevention of postmenopausal osteoporosis. tibolone : Estran-3-one with a double bond between positions 5 and 10, and bearing both an ethynyl group and a hydroxy group at position 17 (R-configuration). A synthetic steroid hormone drug which acts as an agonist at all five type I steroid hormone receptors, it is used in the prevention of postmenopausal osteoporosis and for treatment of endometriosis.		2.031017beta-hydroxy steroid;
terminal acetylenic compound		bone density conservation agent;
hormone agonist
betadex
beta-Cyclodextrins: Cyclic GLUCANS consisting of seven (7) glucopyranose units linked by 1,4-glycosidic bonds.		2.4420cyclodextrin
acetyl coenzyme a
Acetyl Coenzyme A: Acetyl CoA participates in the biosynthesis of fatty acids and sterols, in the oxidation of fatty acids and in the metabolism of many amino acids. It also acts as a biological acetylating agent.		4.77100acyl-CoAacyl donor;
coenzyme;
effector;
fundamental metabolite
tretinoin
Tretinoin: An important regulator of GENE EXPRESSION during growth and development, and in NEOPLASMS. Tretinoin, also known as retinoic acid and derived from maternal VITAMIN A, is essential for normal GROWTH; and EMBRYONIC DEVELOPMENT. An excess of tretinoin can be teratogenic. It is used in the treatment of PSORIASIS; ACNE VULGARIS; and several other SKIN DISEASES. It has also been approved for use in promyelocytic leukemia (LEUKEMIA, PROMYELOCYTIC, ACUTE).. retinoic acid : A retinoid consisting of 3,7-dimethylnona-2,4,6,8-tetraenoic acid substituted at position 9 by a 2,6,6-trimethylcyclohex-1-en-1-yl group (geometry of the four exocyclic double bonds is not specified).. all-trans-retinoic acid : A retinoic acid in which all four exocyclic double bonds have E- (trans-) geometry.		4.790retinoic acid;
vitamin A		anti-inflammatory agent;
antineoplastic agent;
antioxidant;
AP-1 antagonist;
human metabolite;
keratolytic drug;
retinoic acid receptor agonist;
retinoid X receptor agonist;
signalling molecule
arachidonic acid
icosa-5,8,11,14-tetraenoic acid : Any icosatetraenoic acid with the double bonds at positions 5, 8, 11 and 14.. arachidonate : A long-chain fatty acid anion resulting from the removal of a proton from the carboxy group of arachidonic acid.		2.8830icosa-5,8,11,14-tetraenoic acid;
long-chain fatty acid;
omega-6 fatty acid		Daphnia galeata metabolite;
EC 3.1.1.1 (carboxylesterase) inhibitor;
human metabolite;
mouse metabolite
n(1)-(5-phosphoribosyl)-5,6-dimethylbenzimidazole
N(1)-(5-phosphoribosyl)-5,6-dimethylbenzimidazole: structure given in first source		2.7301-ribosylbenzimidazole;
dimethylbenzimidazole;
ribose monophosphate		Escherichia coli metabolite;
mouse metabolite
resveratrol
trans-resveratrol : A resveratrol in which the double bond has E configuration.		4.1910resveratrolantioxidant;
phytoalexin;
plant metabolite;
quorum sensing inhibitor;
radical scavenger
retinol
Vitamin A: Retinol and derivatives of retinol that play an essential role in metabolic functioning of the retina, the growth of and differentiation of epithelial tissue, the growth of bone, reproduction, and the immune response. Dietary vitamin A is derived from a variety of CAROTENOIDS found in plants. It is enriched in the liver, egg yolks, and the fat component of dairy products.. vitamin A : Any member of a group of fat-soluble retinoids produced via metabolism of provitamin A carotenoids that exhibit biological activity against vitamin A deficiency. Vitamin A is involved in immune function, vision, reproduction, and cellular communication.. all-trans-retinol : A retinol in which all four exocyclic double bonds have E- (trans-) geometry.. retinol : A retinoid consisting of 3,7-dimethylnona-2,4,6,8-tetraen-1-ol substituted at position 9 by a 2,6,6-trimethylcyclohex-1-en-1-yl group (geometry of the four exocyclic double bonds is not specified).		18.4731518retinol;
vitamin A		human metabolite;
mouse metabolite;
plant metabolite
oleic acid
Oleic Acid: An unsaturated fatty acid that is the most widely distributed and abundant fatty acid in nature. It is used commercially in the preparation of oleates and lotions, and as a pharmaceutical solvent. (Stedman, 26th ed). oleic acid : An octadec-9-enoic acid in which the double bond at C-9 has Z (cis) stereochemistry.		3.0650octadec-9-enoic acidantioxidant;
Daphnia galeata metabolite;
EC 3.1.1.1 (carboxylesterase) inhibitor;
Escherichia coli metabolite;
mouse metabolite;
plant metabolite;
solvent
tacrolimus
Tacrolimus: A macrolide isolated from the culture broth of a strain of Streptomyces tsukubaensis that has strong immunosuppressive activity in vivo and prevents the activation of T-lymphocytes in response to antigenic or mitogenic stimulation in vitro.. tacrolimus (anhydrous) : A macrolide lactam containing a 23-membered lactone ring, originally isolated from the fermentation broth of a Japanese soil sample that contained the bacteria Streptomyces tsukubaensis.		3.8130macrolide lactambacterial metabolite;
immunosuppressive agent
ferric hydroxide
ferric hydroxide: additional RNs for iron hydroxide oxide: 11115-92-7, 20344-49-4; RN for unspecified iron hydroxide: 11113-66-9		4.721
ferulic acid
ferulate : A monocarboxylic acid anion obtained by the deprotonation of the carboxy group of ferulic acid.		2.2510ferulic acidsanti-inflammatory agent;
antioxidant;
apoptosis inhibitor;
cardioprotective agent;
MALDI matrix material;
plant metabolite
pectins
Pectins: High molecular weight polysaccharides present in the cell walls of all plants. Pectins cement cell walls together. They are used as emulsifiers and stabilizers in the food industry. They have been tried for a variety of therapeutic uses including as antidiarrheals, where they are now generally considered ineffective, and in the treatment of hypercholesterolemia.. alpha-D-galacturonic acid : The alpha-anomer of D-galacturonic acid.		4.4670D-galactopyranuronic acid
cocaine
Cocaine: An alkaloid ester extracted from the leaves of plants including coca. It is a local anesthetic and vasoconstrictor and is clinically used for that purpose, particularly in the eye, ear, nose, and throat. It also has powerful central nervous system effects similar to the amphetamines and is a drug of abuse. Cocaine, like amphetamines, acts by multiple mechanisms on brain catecholaminergic neurons; the mechanism of its reinforcing effects is thought to involve inhibition of dopamine uptake.. cocaine : A tropane alkaloid obtained from leaves of the South American shrub Erythroxylon coca.		2.4420benzoate ester;
methyl ester;
tertiary amino compound;
tropane alkaloid		adrenergic uptake inhibitor;
central nervous system stimulant;
dopamine uptake inhibitor;
environmental contaminant;
local anaesthetic;
mouse metabolite;
plant metabolite;
serotonin uptake inhibitor;
sodium channel blocker;
sympathomimetic agent;
vasoconstrictor agent;
xenobiotic
eicosapentaenoic acid
icosapentaenoic acid : Any straight-chain, C20 polyunsaturated fatty acid having five C=C double bonds.. all-cis-5,8,11,14,17-icosapentaenoic acid : An icosapentaenoic acid having five cis-double bonds at positions 5, 8, 11, 14 and 17.		8.28123icosapentaenoic acid;
omega-3 fatty acid		anticholesteremic drug;
antidepressant;
antineoplastic agent;
Daphnia galeata metabolite;
fungal metabolite;
micronutrient;
mouse metabolite;
nutraceutical
clindamycin
Clindamycin: An antibacterial agent that is a semisynthetic analog of LINCOMYCIN.. clindamycin : A carbohydrate-containing antibiotic that is the semisynthetic derivative of lincomycin, a natural antibiotic.		2.110
lycopene
[no description available]		6.5352acyclic caroteneantioxidant;
plant metabolite
fosfomycin
Fosfomycin: An antibiotic produced by Streptomyces fradiae.. fosfomycin : A phosphonic acid having an (R,S)-1,2-epoxypropyl group attached to phosphorus.		4.92100epoxide;
phosphonic acids		antimicrobial agent;
EC 2.5.1.7 (UDP-N-acetylglucosamine 1-carboxyvinyltransferase) inhibitor
zithromax
Azithromycin: A semi-synthetic macrolide antibiotic structurally related to ERYTHROMYCIN. It has been used in the treatment of Mycobacterium avium intracellulare infections, toxoplasmosis, and cryptosporidiosis.. azithromycin : A macrolide antibiotic useful for the treatment of bacterial infections.		2.4110macrolide antibioticantibacterial drug;
environmental contaminant;
xenobiotic
y 27632
Y 27632: RN given for di-HCl salt; inhibits Rho-associated protein kinase; inhibits calcium sensitization to affect smooth muscle relaxation; structure in first source. Y-27632 : A monocarboxylic acid amide that is trans-[(1R)-1-aminoethyl]cyclohexanecarboxamide in which one of the nitrogens of the aminocarbony group is substituted by a pyridine nucleus. It has been shown to exhibit inhibitory activity against Rho-associated protein kinase (ROCK) enzyme.		2.0710aromatic amide
prostaglandin d2
Prostaglandin D2: The principal cyclooxygenase metabolite of arachidonic acid. It is released upon activation of mast cells and is also synthesized by alveolar macrophages. Among its many biological actions, the most important are its bronchoconstrictor, platelet-activating-factor-inhibitory, and cytotoxic effects.. prostaglandin D2 : A member of the class of prostaglandins D that is prosta-5,13-dien-1-oic acid substituted by hydroxy groups at positions 9 and 15 and an oxo group at position 11 (the 5Z,9alpha,13E,15S- stereoisomer).		3.0910prostaglandins Dhuman metabolite;
mouse metabolite
diethylstilbestrol
Diethylstilbestrol: A synthetic nonsteroidal estrogen used in the treatment of menopausal and postmenopausal disorders. It was also used formerly as a growth promoter in animals. According to the Fourth Annual Report on Carcinogens (NTP 85-002, 1985), diethylstilbestrol has been listed as a known carcinogen. (Merck, 11th ed). diethylstilbestrol : An olefinic compound that is trans-hex-3-ene in which the hydrogens at positions 3 and 4 have been replaced by p-hydroxyphenyl groups.		4.4270olefinic compound;
polyphenol		antifungal agent;
antineoplastic agent;
autophagy inducer;
calcium channel blocker;
carcinogenic agent;
EC 1.1.1.146 (11beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase) inhibitor;
EC 3.6.3.10 (H(+)/K(+)-exchanging ATPase) inhibitor;
endocrine disruptor;
xenoestrogen
n-acetylmethionine
N-acetylmethionine: RN given refers to L-isomer. N-acetylmethionine : A methionine derivative that is methionine in which one of the amine hydrogens is substituted by an acetyl group.		2.0810L-methionine derivative;
N-acetyl-L-amino acid;
N-acetylmethionine		nutraceutical
h 89
N-(2-(4-bromocinnamylamino)ethyl)-5-isoquinolinesulfonamide: structure given in first source. N-[2-(4-bromocinnamylamino)ethyl]isoquinoline-5-sulfonamide : A member of the class of isoquinolines that is the sulfonamide obtained by formal condensation of the sulfo group of isoquinoline-5-sulfonic acid with the primary amino group of N(1)-[3-(4-bromophenyl)prop-2-en-1-yl]ethane-1,2-diamine. It is a protein kinase A inhibitor.. (E)-N-[2-(4-bromocinnamylamino)ethyl]isoquinoline-5-sulfonamide : A N-[2-(4-bromocinnamylamino)ethyl]isoquinoline-5-sulfonamide in which the double bond adopts a trans-configuration.		2.0810N-[2-(4-bromocinnamylamino)ethyl]isoquinoline-5-sulfonamide
dactinomycin
Dactinomycin: A compound composed of a two CYCLIC PEPTIDES attached to a phenoxazine that is derived from STREPTOMYCES parvullus. It binds to DNA and inhibits RNA synthesis (transcription), with chain elongation more sensitive than initiation, termination, or release. As a result of impaired mRNA production, protein synthesis also declines after dactinomycin therapy. (From AMA Drug Evaluations Annual, 1993, p2015)		4.91120actinomycinmutagen
gamma-sitosterol
clionasterol : A member of the class of phytosterols that is poriferast-5-ene carrying a beta-hydroxy substituent at position 3.		3.4113beta-hydroxy-Delta(5)-steroid;
3beta-sterol;
phytosterols		marine metabolite;
plant metabolite
arsphenamine
Arsphenamine: An organoarsenic compound that was commonly used for treating SYPHILIS and other diseases.		1.9210
melphalan
Melphalan: An alkylating nitrogen mustard that is used as an antineoplastic in the form of the levo isomer - MELPHALAN, the racemic mixture - MERPHALAN, and the dextro isomer - MEDPHALAN; toxic to bone marrow, but little vesicant action; potential carcinogen.. melphalan : A phenylalanine derivative comprising L-phenylalanine having [bis(2-chloroethyl)amino group at the 4-position on the phenyl ring.		2.8640L-phenylalanine derivative;
nitrogen mustard;
non-proteinogenic L-alpha-amino acid;
organochlorine compound		alkylating agent;
antineoplastic agent;
carcinogenic agent;
drug allergen;
immunosuppressive agent
enkephalin, leucine
Enkephalin, Leucine: One of the endogenous pentapeptides with morphine-like activity. It differs from MET-ENKEPHALIN in the LEUCINE at position 5. Its first four amino acid sequence is identical to the tetrapeptide sequence at the N-terminal of BETA-ENDORPHIN.. Leu-enkephalin : A pentapeptide comprising L-tyrosine, glycine, glycine, L-phenylalanine and L-leucine residues joined in sequence by peptide linkages. It is an endogenous opioid peptide produced in vertebrate species, including rodents, primates and humans that results from decomposition of proenkephalin or dynorphin and exhibits antinociceptive properties.		2.0210pentapeptide;
peptide zwitterion		analgesic;
delta-opioid receptor agonist;
human metabolite;
mu-opioid receptor agonist;
neurotransmitter;
rat metabolite
tenofovir
tenofovir (anhydrous) : A member of the class of phosphonic acids that is methylphosphonic acid in which one of the methyl hydrogens is replaced by a [(2R)-1-(6-amino-9H-purin-9-yl)propan-2-yl]oxy group. An inhibitor of HIV-1 reverse transcriptase, the bis(isopropyloxycarbonyloxymethyl) ester (disoproxil ester) prodrug is used as the fumaric acid salt in combination therapy for the treatment of HIV infection.		2.1310nucleoside analogue;
phosphonic acids		antiviral drug;
drug metabolite;
HIV-1 reverse transcriptase inhibitor
riboflavin
vitamin B2 : Any member of a group of vitamers that belong to the chemical structural class called flavins that exhibit biological activity against vitamin B2 deficiency. Symptoms associated with vitamin B2 deficiency include glossitis, seborrhea, angular stomaitis, cheilosis and photophobia. The vitamers include riboflavin and its phosphate derivatives (and includes their salt, ionised and hydrate forms).		19.8639239flavin;
vitamin B2		anti-inflammatory agent;
antioxidant;
cofactor;
Escherichia coli metabolite;
food colouring;
fundamental metabolite;
human urinary metabolite;
mouse metabolite;
photosensitizing agent;
plant metabolite
potassium permanganate
Potassium Permanganate: Permanganic acid (HMnO4), potassium salt. A highly oxidative, water-soluble compound with purple crystals, and a sweet taste. (From McGraw-Hill Dictionary of Scientific and Technical Information, 4th ed)		2.3520
sodium bicarbonate
Sodium Bicarbonate: A white, crystalline powder that is commonly used as a pH buffering agent, an electrolyte replenisher, systemic alkalizer and in topical cleansing solutions.		2.3520one-carbon compound;
organic sodium salt		antacid;
food anticaking agent
potassium periodate
[no description available]		2.0110
dipyrone
Dipyrone: A drug that has analgesic, anti-inflammatory, and antipyretic properties. It is the sodium sulfonate of AMINOPYRINE.. metamizole sodium : An organic sodium salt of antipyrine substituted at C-4 by a methyl(sulfonatomethyl)amino group, commonly used as a powerful analgesic and antipyretic.		1.9510organic sodium saltanti-inflammatory agent;
antipyretic;
antirheumatic drug;
cyclooxygenase 3 inhibitor;
non-narcotic analgesic;
peripheral nervous system drug;
prodrug
carbenoxolone sodium
Carbenoxolone: An agent derived from licorice root. It is used for the treatment of digestive tract ulcers, especially in the stomach. Antidiuretic side effects are frequent, but otherwise the drug is low in toxicity.		1.9510triterpenoid
glycosides
[no description available]		4.6590
isomethyleugenol
Methylation: Addition of methyl groups. In histo-chemistry methylation is used to esterify carboxyl groups and remove sulfate groups by treating tissue sections with hot methanol in the presence of hydrochloric acid. (From Stedman, 25th ed)		16.682936isomethyleugenol
retinol acetate
retinol acetate: structure given in first source		1.9310acetate ester
squalene
Addavax: an oil-water nanoemulsion and adjuvant containing squalene, Tween 80, and sorbitane trioleate		3.3510triterpenehuman metabolite;
mouse metabolite;
plant metabolite;
Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite
stilbenes
Stilbenes: Organic compounds that contain 1,2-diphenylethylene as a functional group.. trans-stilbene : The trans-isomer of stilbene.		2.1710stilbene
sorbic acid
Sorbic Acid: Mold and yeast inhibitor. Used as a fungistatic agent for foods, especially cheeses.. (2E,4E)-hexa-2,4-dienoic acid : A sorbic acid having trans-double bonds at positions 2 and 4; a food preservative that can induce cutaneous vasodilation and stinging upon topical application to humans. It is the most thermodynamically stable of the four possible geometric isomers possible, as well as the one with the highest antimicrobial activity.. sorbic acid : A hexadienoic acid with double bonds at C-2 and C-4; it has four geometrical isomers, of which the trans,trans-form is naturally occurring.		2.2110alpha,beta-unsaturated monocarboxylic acid;
sorbic acid
citraconic acid
citraconic acid: was MH 1975-92 (see under MALEATES 1975-90); METHYLMALEIC ACID was see CITRACONIC ACID 1975-92; use MALEATES to search CITRACONIC ACID 1975-92; RN refers to (Z)-isomer; SO refers to (E)-isomer. citraconic acid : A dicarboxylic acid consisting of maleic acid having a methyl substituent at the 2-position.		2.7430dicarboxylic acid;
dicarboxylic fatty acid		human metabolite
flavin-adenine dinucleotide
Flavin-Adenine Dinucleotide: A condensation product of riboflavin and adenosine diphosphate. The coenzyme of various aerobic dehydrogenases, e.g., D-amino acid oxidase and L-amino acid oxidase. (Lehninger, Principles of Biochemistry, 1982, p972)		7.92271flavin adenine dinucleotide;
vitamin B2		cofactor;
Escherichia coli metabolite;
human metabolite;
mouse metabolite;
prosthetic group
cannabidiol
Cannabidiol: Compound isolated from Cannabis sativa extract.. cannabidiol : An cannabinoid that is cyclohexene which is substituted by a methyl group at position 1, a 2,6-dihydroxy-4-pentylphenyl group at position 3, and a prop-1-en-2-yl group at position 4.		2.4110olefinic compound;
phytocannabinoid;
resorcinols		antimicrobial agent;
plant metabolite
malonyl coenzyme a
Malonyl Coenzyme A: A coenzyme A derivative which plays a key role in the fatty acid synthesis in the cytoplasmic and microsomal systems.. omega-carboxyacyl-CoA : An acyl-CoA that results from the formal condensation of the thiol group of coenzyme A with one of the carboxy groups of any alpha,omega-dicarboxylic acid.		1.9610malonyl-CoAsEC 2.3.1.21 (carnitine O-palmitoyltransferase) inhibitor;
Escherichia coli metabolite;
metabolite;
mouse metabolite
arginine vasopressin
Arginine Vasopressin: The predominant form of mammalian antidiuretic hormone. It is a nonapeptide containing an ARGININE at residue 8 and two disulfide-linked cysteines at residues of 1 and 6. Arg-vasopressin is used to treat DIABETES INSIPIDUS or to improve vasomotor tone and BLOOD PRESSURE.. argipressin : The predominant form of mammalian vasopressin (antidiuretic hormone). It is a nonapeptide containing an arginine at residue 8 and two disulfide-linked cysteines at residues of 1 and 6.		2.3620vasopressincardiovascular drug;
hematologic agent;
mitogen
pyrophosphate
Diphosphates: Inorganic salts of phosphoric acid that contain two phosphate groups.		7.8540diphosphate ion
amygdalin
[no description available]		2.4120
canrenoic acid
Canrenoic Acid: A synthetic pregnadiene derivative with anti-aldosterone activity.		1.95103-oxo-Delta(4) steroid;
monocarboxylic acid;
steroid acid
ferlixit
ferlixit: used to induce siderosis in femal Wistar albino rats		2.0210polymer
leuprolide
Leuprolide: A potent synthetic long-acting agonist of GONADOTROPIN-RELEASING HORMONE that regulates the synthesis and release of pituitary gonadotropins, LUTEINIZING HORMONE and FOLLICLE STIMULATING HORMONE.. leuprolide : An oligopeptide comprising pyroglutamyl, histidyl, tryptophyl, seryl, tyrosyl, D-leucyl, leucyl, arginyl, and N-ethylprolinamide residues joined in sequence. It is a synthetic nonapeptide analogue of gonadotropin-releasing hormone, and is used as a subcutaneous hydrogel implant (particularly as the acetate salt) for the treatment of prostate cancer and for the suppression of gonadal sex hormone production in children with central precocious puberty.		4.0931oligopeptideanti-estrogen;
antineoplastic agent;
gonadotropin releasing hormone agonist
propylthiouracil
Propylthiouracil: A thiourea antithyroid agent. Propythiouracil inhibits the synthesis of thyroxine and inhibits the peripheral conversion of throxine to tri-iodothyronine. It is used in the treatment of hyperthyroidism. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopeoia, 30th ed, p534). 6-propyl-2-thiouracil : A pyrimidinethione consisting of uracil in which the 2-oxo group is substituted by a thio group and the hydrogen at position 6 is substituted by a propyl group.		2.3920pyrimidinethioneantidote to paracetamol poisoning;
antimetabolite;
antioxidant;
antithyroid drug;
carcinogenic agent;
EC 1.14.13.39 (nitric oxide synthase) inhibitor;
hormone antagonist
sesquiterpenes
[no description available]		2.420
mercaptopurine
Mercaptopurine: An antimetabolite antineoplastic agent with immunosuppressant properties. It interferes with nucleic acid synthesis by inhibiting purine metabolism and is used, usually in combination with other drugs, in the treatment of or in remission maintenance programs for leukemia.. purine-6-thiol : A thiol that is the tautomer of mercaptopurine.. mercaptopurine : A member of the class of purines that is 6,7-dihydro-1H-purine carrying a thione group at position 6. An adenine analogue, it is used in the treatment of acute lymphocytic leukemia (ALL), chronic myeloid leukemia (CML), Crohn's disease, and ulcerative colitis.		3.4480aryl thiol;
purines;
thiocarbonyl compound		anticoronaviral agent;
antimetabolite;
antineoplastic agent
methylthiouracil
Methylthiouracil: A thiourea antithyroid agent that inhibits the synthesis of thyroid hormone. It is used in the treatment of hyperthyroidism.		3.9540pyrimidone
caffeic acid
trans-caffeic acid : The trans-isomer of caffeic acid.		2.0510caffeic acidgeroprotector;
mouse metabolite
urocanic acid
Urocanic Acid: 4-Imidazoleacrylic acid.. urocanic acid : An alpha,beta-unsaturated monocarboxylic acid that is prop-2-enoic acid substituted by a 1H-imidazol-4-yl group at position 3. It is a metabolite of hidtidine.. trans-urocanic acid : A urocanic acid in which the double bond of the carboxyethene moiety has E configuration.		1.9410urocanic acidhuman metabolite
cotinine
Cotinine: The N-glucuronide conjugate of cotinine is a major urinary metabolite of NICOTINE. It thus serves as a biomarker of exposure to tobacco SMOKING. It has CNS stimulating properties.. (-)-cotinine : An N-alkylpyrrolidine that consists of N-methylpyrrolidinone bearing a pyridin-3-yl substituent at position C-5 (the 5S-enantiomer). It is an alkaloid commonly found in Nicotiana tabacum.		3.5480N-alkylpyrrolidine;
pyridines;
pyrrolidin-2-ones;
pyrrolidine alkaloid		antidepressant;
biomarker;
human xenobiotic metabolite;
plant metabolite
flunarizine
Flunarizine: Flunarizine is a selective calcium entry blocker with calmodulin binding properties and histamine H1 blocking activity. It is effective in the prophylaxis of migraine, occlusive peripheral vascular disease, vertigo of central and peripheral origin, and as an adjuvant in the therapy of epilepsy.		3.8221diarylmethane
tetrahydropalmatine
[no description available]		3.6411
dieldrin
Dieldrin: An organochlorine insecticide whose use has been cancelled or suspended in the United States. It has been used to control locusts, tropical disease vectors, in termite control by direct soil injection, and non-food seed and plant treatment. (From HSDB). dieldrin : An organochlorine compound resulting from the epoxidation of the double bond of aldrin. It is the active metabolite of the proinsecticde aldrin.		1.9410epoxide;
organochlorine compound;
organochlorine insecticide		carcinogenic agent;
xenobiotic
curcumin
Curcumin: A yellow-orange dye obtained from tumeric, the powdered root of CURCUMA longa. It is used in the preparation of curcuma paper and the detection of boron. Curcumin appears to possess a spectrum of pharmacological properties, due primarily to its inhibitory effects on metabolic enzymes.. curcumin : A beta-diketone that is methane in which two of the hydrogens are substituted by feruloyl groups. A natural dyestuff found in the root of Curcuma longa.		5.7130aromatic ether;
beta-diketone;
diarylheptanoid;
enone;
polyphenol		anti-inflammatory agent;
antifungal agent;
antineoplastic agent;
biological pigment;
contraceptive drug;
dye;
EC 1.1.1.205 (IMP dehydrogenase) inhibitor;
EC 1.1.1.21 (aldehyde reductase) inhibitor;
EC 1.1.1.25 (shikimate dehydrogenase) inhibitor;
EC 1.6.5.2 [NAD(P)H dehydrogenase (quinone)] inhibitor;
EC 1.8.1.9 (thioredoxin reductase) inhibitor;
EC 2.7.10.2 (non-specific protein-tyrosine kinase) inhibitor;
EC 3.5.1.98 (histone deacetylase) inhibitor;
flavouring agent;
food colouring;
geroprotector;
hepatoprotective agent;
immunomodulator;
iron chelator;
ligand;
lipoxygenase inhibitor;
metabolite;
neuroprotective agent;
nutraceutical;
radical scavenger
rhodanine
2-mercaptothiazolinone: metabolite in urine from persons exposed to CS2; structure		1.9910thiazolidinone
thiouracil
Thiouracil: Occurs in seeds of Brassica and Crucifera species. Thiouracil has been used as antithyroid, coronary vasodilator, and in congestive heart failure although its use has been largely supplanted by other drugs. It is known to cause blood dyscrasias and suspected of terato- and carcinogenesis.. thiouracil : A nucleobase analogue that is uracil in which the oxo group at C-2 is replaced by a thioxo group.		3.5490nucleobase analogue;
thiocarbonyl compound		antithyroid drug;
metabolite
methimazole
Methimazole: A thioureylene antithyroid agent that inhibits the formation of thyroid hormones by interfering with the incorporation of iodine into tyrosyl residues of thyroglobulin. This is done by interfering with the oxidation of iodide ion and iodotyrosyl groups through inhibition of the peroxidase enzyme.. methimazole : A member of the class of imidazoles that it imidazole-2-thione in which a methyl group replaces the hydrogen which is attached to a nitrogen.		2.68301,3-dihydroimidazole-2-thionesantithyroid drug
sulindac
Sulindac: A sulfinylindene derivative prodrug whose sulfinyl moiety is converted in vivo to an active NSAID analgesic. Specifically, the prodrug is converted by liver enzymes to a sulfide which is excreted in the bile and then reabsorbed from the intestine. This helps to maintain constant blood levels with reduced gastrointestinal side effects.. sulindac : A monocarboxylic acid that is 1-benzylidene-1H-indene which is substituted at positions 2, 3, and 5 by methyl, carboxymethyl, and fluorine respectively, and in which the phenyl group of the benzylidene moiety is substituted at the para position by a methylsulfinyl group. It is a prodrug for the corresponding sulfide, a non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug, used particularly in the treatment of acute and chronic inflammatory conditions.		2.1110monocarboxylic acid;
organofluorine compound;
sulfoxide		analgesic;
antineoplastic agent;
antipyretic;
apoptosis inducer;
EC 1.14.99.1 (prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase) inhibitor;
non-narcotic analgesic;
non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug;
prodrug;
tocolytic agent
enclomiphene
Enclomiphene: The trans or (E)-isomer of clomiphene.		4.0531
epalrestat
epalrestat : A monocarboxylic acid that is 1,3-thiazolidine which is substituted on the nitrogen by a carboxymethyl group, at positions 2 and 4 by thioxo and oxo groups, respectively, and at position 5 by a 2-methyl-3-phenylprop-2-en-1-ylidene group. It is an inhibitor of aldose reductase (which catalyses the conversion of glucose to sorbitol) and is used for the treatment of some diabetic complications, including neuropathy.		1.9910monocarboxylic acid;
thiazolidines		EC 1.1.1.21 (aldehyde reductase) inhibitor
chlorogenic acid
caffeoylquinic acid: Antiviral Agent; structure in first source. chlorogenate : A monocarboxylic acid anion that is the conjugate base of chlorogenic acid; major species at pH 7.3.		3.8121cinnamate ester;
tannin		food component;
plant metabolite
thiobarbituric acid
thiobarbituric acid: RN given refers to parent cpd. 2-thiobarbituric acid : A barbiturate, the structure of which is that of barbituric acid in which the oxygen at C-2 is replaced by sulfur.		1.9810barbituratesallergen;
reagent
thiourea
Thiourea: A photographic fixative used also in the manufacture of resins. According to the Fourth Annual Report on Carcinogens (NTP 85-002, 1985), this substance may reasonably be anticipated to be a carcinogen (Merck Index, 9th ed). Many of its derivatives are ANTITHYROID AGENTS and/or FREE RADICAL SCAVENGERS.. thiourea : The simplest member of the thiourea class, consisting of urea with the oxygen atom substituted by sulfur.		2.0810one-carbon compound;
thioureas;
ureas		antioxidant;
chromophore
D-fructopyranose
[no description available]		6.8270cyclic hemiketal;
D-fructose;
fructopyranose		sweetening agent
unithiol
Unithiol: A chelating agent used as an antidote to heavy metal poisoning.		2.3820
tempo
TEMPO: structure. TEMPO : A member of the class of aminoxyls that is piperidine that carries an oxidanediyl group at position 1 and methyl groups at positions 2, 2, 6, and 6, respectively.		2.6730aminoxyls;
piperidines		catalyst;
ferroptosis inhibitor;
radical scavenger
succimer
Succimer: A mercaptodicarboxylic acid used as an antidote to heavy metal poisoning because it forms strong chelates with them.. succimer : A sulfur-containing carboxylic acid that is succinic acid bearing two mercapto substituents at positions 2 and 3. A lead chelator used as an antedote to lead poisoning.		3.0610dicarboxylic acid;
dithiol;
sulfur-containing carboxylic acid		chelator
digoxin
Digoxin: A cardiotonic glycoside obtained mainly from Digitalis lanata; it consists of three sugars and the aglycone DIGOXIGENIN. Digoxin has positive inotropic and negative chronotropic activity. It is used to control ventricular rate in ATRIAL FIBRILLATION and in the management of congestive heart failure with atrial fibrillation. Its use in congestive heart failure and sinus rhythm is less certain. The margin between toxic and therapeutic doses is small. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p666). digoxin : A cardenolide glycoside that is digitoxin beta-hydroxylated at C-12. A cardiac glycoside extracted from the foxglove plant, Digitalis lanata, it is used to control ventricular rate in atrial fibrillation and in the management of congestive heart failure with atrial fibrillation, but the margin between toxic and therapeutic doses is small.		4.5580cardenolide glycoside;
steroid saponin		anti-arrhythmia drug;
cardiotonic drug;
EC 3.6.3.9 (Na(+)/K(+)-transporting ATPase) inhibitor;
epitope
fumonisin b1
fumonisin B1: isolated from Fusarium moniliforme MRC 826; structure given in first source; has cancer-promoting activity; inhibits ceramide synthase. fumonisin B1 : A diester that results from the condensation of the 1-carboxy groups of two molecules of propane-1,2,3-tricarboxylic acid with hydroxy groups at positions 14 and 15 of (2S,3S,5R,10R,12S,14S,15R,16R)-2-amino-12,16-dimethylicosane-3,5,10,14,15-pentol.		3.1210diester;
fumonisin;
primary amino compound;
triol		carcinogenic agent;
metabolite
tamoxifen
[no description available]		3.8130stilbenoid;
tertiary amino compound		angiogenesis inhibitor;
antineoplastic agent;
bone density conservation agent;
EC 1.2.3.1 (aldehyde oxidase) inhibitor;
EC 2.7.11.13 (protein kinase C) inhibitor;
estrogen antagonist;
estrogen receptor antagonist;
estrogen receptor modulator
nadp
[no description available]		6.75260
ethionamide
Ethionamide: A second-line antitubercular agent that inhibits mycolic acid synthesis.. ethionamide : A thiocarboxamide that is pyridine-4-carbothioamide substituted by an ethyl group at position 2. A prodrug that undergoes metabolic activation by conversion to the corresponding S-oxide.		2.3420pyridines;
thiocarboxamide		antilipemic drug;
antitubercular agent;
fatty acid synthesis inhibitor;
leprostatic drug;
prodrug
5-carboxytetramethylrhodamine
5-carboxytetramethylrhodamine: structure in first source. 5-carboxytetramethylrhodamine : A tetramethylrhodamine compound having a carboxy substituent at the 5-position		2.110xanthenesfluorochrome
2,3,3,3-tetrafluoropropene
2,3,3,3-tetrafluoropropene: structure in first source		2.110
lincomycin
Lincomycin: An antibiotic produced by Streptomyces lincolnensis var. lincolnensis. It has been used in the treatment of staphylococcal, streptococcal, and Bacteroides fragilis infections.. lincomycin : A carbohydrate-containing antibiotic produced by the actinomyces Streptomyces lincolnensis.		3.260carbohydrate-containing antibiotic;
L-proline derivative;
monocarboxylic acid amide;
pyrrolidinecarboxamide;
S-glycosyl compound		antimicrobial agent;
bacterial metabolite
ranitidine
Ranitidine: A non-imidazole blocker of those histamine receptors that mediate gastric secretion (H2 receptors). It is used to treat gastrointestinal ulcers.. ranitidine : A member of the class of furans used to treat peptic ulcer disease (PUD) and gastroesophageal reflux disease.		10.5551C-nitro compound;
furans;
organic sulfide;
tertiary amino compound		anti-ulcer drug;
drug allergen;
environmental contaminant;
H2-receptor antagonist;
xenobiotic
fursultiamin
Fursultiamin: Compound used for therapy of thiamine deficiency. It has also been suggested for several non-deficiency disorders but has not yet proven useful.		2.4220pyrimidines
telaprevir
[no description available]		2.1110cyclopentapyrrole;
cyclopropanes;
oligopeptide;
pyrazines		antiviral drug;
hepatitis C protease inhibitor;
peptidomimetic
pica
Pica: The persistent eating of non-nutritive substances for a period of at least one month.		1.9410
3,7,11,15-tetramethyl-1,2,3-hexadecanetriol
3,7,11,15-tetramethyl-1,2,3-hexadecanetriol: structure in first source. phytantriol : A triol that consists of 3,7,11,15-tetramethylhexadecane bearing three hydroxy substituents at positions 1, 2 and 3.		2.2110triol
lithium
Lithium: An element in the alkali metals family. It has the atomic symbol Li, atomic number 3, and atomic weight [6.938; 6.997]. Salts of lithium are used in treating BIPOLAR DISORDER.		12.07101alkali metal atom
cobaltous chloride
cobaltous chloride: RN given refers to unlabeled cpd; RN in Chemline for cobalt trichloride: 10241-04-0; RN for 60-labeled cpd: 14543-09-0; RN for 57-labeled cpd: 164113-89-1; RN for 58-labeled cpd: 29377-09-1; structure. cobalt dichloride : A cobalt salt in which the cobalt metal is in the +2 oxidation state and the counter-anion is chloride. It is used as an indicator for water in desiccants.		3.0650cobalt salt;
inorganic chloride		allergen;
calcium channel blocker;
sensitiser;
two-colour indicator
nitrogen dioxide
Nitrogen Dioxide: Nitrogen oxide (NO2). A highly poisonous gas. Exposure produces inflammation of lungs that may only cause slight pain or pass unnoticed, but resulting edema several days later may cause death. (From Merck, 11th ed) It is a major atmospheric pollutant that is able to absorb UV light that does not reach the earth's surface.		3.1350nitrogen oxide
cupric glycinate
cupric glycinate: RN given refers to cpd without isomeric designation		1.9610
mannomustine
Mannomustine: Nitrogen mustard derivative alkylating agent used as antineoplastic. It causes severe bone marrow depression and is a powerful vesicant.		1.9410amino alcohol
orlistat
Orlistat: A lactone derivative of LEUCINE that acts as a pancreatic lipase inhibitor to limit the absorption of dietary fat; it is used in the management of obesity.. orlistat : A carboxylic ester resulting from the formal condensation of the carboxy group of N-formyl-L-leucine with the hydroxy group of (3S,4S)-3-hexyl-4-[(2S)-2-hydroxytridecyl]oxetan-2-one. A pancreatic lipase inhibitor, it is used as an anti-obesity drug.		2.0310beta-lactone;
carboxylic ester;
formamides;
L-leucine derivative		anti-obesity agent;
bacterial metabolite;
EC 2.3.1.85 (fatty acid synthase) inhibitor;
EC 3.1.1.3 (triacylglycerol lipase) inhibitor
quinine
[no description available]		3.4620cinchona alkaloidantimalarial;
muscle relaxant;
non-narcotic analgesic
cystine
[no description available]		8.92272
isobutyryl-coenzyme a
[no description available]		2.4620methyl-branched fatty acyl-CoA;
short-chain fatty acyl-CoA		human metabolite;
mouse metabolite
chuangxinmycin
chuangxinmycin: produced by Actinoplanes tsinanensis; structure. (-)-chuangxinmycin : A thiinoindole that is 3,5-dihydro-2H-thiino[4,3,2-cd]indole which is substituted at positions 2 and 3 by carboxy and methyl groups, respectively (the 2R,3S diastereoisomer).		1.9610indole alkaloid;
monocarboxylic acid;
thiinoindole		antibacterial agent;
antimicrobial agent;
bacterial metabolite;
EC 6.1.1.2 (tryptophan--tRNA ligase) inhibitor
methenolone
Methenolone: A synthetic steroid that has been used for its anabolic action.		2.35203-hydroxy steroidandrogen
nitinol
nitinol: RN given refers to cpd with MF of Ni-Ti; do not confuse with titanium nickelide; other nitinols (nitinol SE and nitinol 55) are Co-Ni-Ti alloys		2.6320
butaphosphone
[no description available]		3.4311
5-hydroxybenzimidazole
5-hydroxybenzimidazole: only base detected in cobamide cpds from methanol-grown Methanosarcina barkeri. 5-hydroxybenzimidazole : A member of the class of benzimidazoles that is 1H-benzimidazole carrying a single hydroxy substituent at position 5.		3.2360benzimidazoles;
phenols		bacterial metabolite;
human metabolite;
rat metabolite
cytellin
cytellin: a phytosterol preparation of mainly B-sitosterol, that was marketed by Eli Lilly to lower cholesterol 1957 to 1982		3.7721
ginsenosides
ginsenoside : Triterpenoid saponins with a dammarane-like skeleton originally isolated from ginseng (Panax) species. Use of the term has been extended to include semi-synthetic derivatives.		2.4520
naphthofluorescein
[no description available]		210xanthenes
phosphothreonine
Phosphothreonine: The phosphoric acid ester of threonine. Used as an identifier in the analysis of peptides, proteins, and enzymes.. O-phospho-L-threonine : A L-threonine derivative phosphorylated at the side-chain hydroxy function.		4.3260L-threonine derivative;
non-proteinogenic L-alpha-amino acid;
O-phosphoamino acid		Escherichia coli metabolite
ovalbumin
Ovalbumin: An albumin obtained from the white of eggs. It is a member of the serpin superfamily.		3.0750
sodium dodecyl sulfate
Sodium Dodecyl Sulfate: An anionic surfactant, usually a mixture of sodium alkyl sulfates, mainly the lauryl; lowers surface tension of aqueous solutions; used as fat emulsifier, wetting agent, detergent in cosmetics, pharmaceuticals and toothpastes; also as research tool in protein biochemistry.. sodium dodecyl sulfate : An organic sodium salt that is the sodium salt of dodecyl hydrogen sulfate.		3.5990organic sodium saltdetergent;
protein denaturant
crocin
crocin: a free radical scavenger		2.3110
galactomannan
galactomannan: a galectin inhibitor. galactomannan : A heteroglycan consisting of a mannan backbone with galactose side groups.		2.0310oligosaccharide
zinc protoporphyrin ix
[no description available]		1.9810
alpha-chymotrypsin
Chymotrypsin: A serine endopeptidase secreted by the pancreas as its zymogen, CHYMOTRYPSINOGEN and carried in the pancreatic juice to the duodenum where it is activated by TRYPSIN. It selectively cleaves aromatic amino acids on the carboxyl side.		4.35210
17-ketosteroids
17-Ketosteroids: Steroids that contain a ketone group at position 17.. 17-oxo steroid : Any oxo steroid carrying the oxo group at position 17.		2.3420
naphthoquinones
Naphthoquinones: Naphthalene rings which contain two ketone moieties in any position. They can be substituted in any position except at the ketone groups.		2.0610
sodium borohydride
sodium borohydride: RN given refers to parent cpd		1.9710inorganic sodium salt;
metal tetrahydridoborate
alpha-carotene
alpha-carotene: RN given refers to (all-E)-isomer; see also related record beta-carotene. alpha-carotene : A cyclic carotene with a beta- and an epsilon-ring at opposite ends respectively.		5.3822carotenoid beta-end derivative;
cyclic carotene		plant metabolite;
provitamin A
osteoprotegerin
Osteoprotegerin: A secreted member of the TNF receptor superfamily that negatively regulates osteoclastogenesis. It is a soluble decoy receptor of RANK LIGAND that inhibits both CELL DIFFERENTIATION and function of OSTEOCLASTS by inhibiting the interaction between RANK LIGAND and RECEPTOR ACTIVATOR OF NUCLEAR FACTOR-KAPPA B.		2.110long-chain fatty acid
rhodamine 123
Rhodamine 123: A fluorescent probe with low toxicity which is a potent substrate for ATP BINDING CASSETTE TRANSPORTER, SUBFAMILY B, MEMBER 1 and the bacterial multidrug efflux transporter. It is used to assess mitochondrial bioenergetics in living cells and to measure the efflux activity of ATP BINDING CASSETTE TRANSPORTER, SUBFAMILY B, MEMBER 1 in both normal and malignant cells. (Leukemia 1997;11(7):1124-30). rhodamine 123(1+) : A cationic fluorescent dye derived from 9-phenylxanthene.		2.0310organic cation;
xanthene dye		fluorochrome
myelin basic protein
Myelin Basic Protein: An abundant cytosolic protein that plays a critical role in the structure of multilamellar myelin. Myelin basic protein binds to the cytosolic sides of myelin cell membranes and causes a tight adhesion between opposing cell membranes.		2.7130
quercetin
[no description available]		3.39117-hydroxyflavonol;
pentahydroxyflavone		antibacterial agent;
antineoplastic agent;
antioxidant;
Aurora kinase inhibitor;
chelator;
EC 1.10.99.2 [ribosyldihydronicotinamide dehydrogenase (quinone)] inhibitor;
geroprotector;
phytoestrogen;
plant metabolite;
protein kinase inhibitor;
radical scavenger
bilirubin
[no description available]		10.03503biladienes;
dicarboxylic acid		antioxidant;
human metabolite;
mouse metabolite
dinoprostone
prostaglandin E2 : Prostaglandin F2alpha in which the hydroxy group at position 9 has been oxidised to the corresponding ketone. Prostaglandin E2 is the most common and most biologically potent of mammalian prostaglandins.		3.4811prostaglandins Ehuman metabolite;
mouse metabolite;
oxytocic
dinoprost
Dinoprost: A naturally occurring prostaglandin that has oxytocic, luteolytic, and abortifacient activities. Due to its vasocontractile properties, the compound has a variety of other biological actions.. prostaglandin F2alpha : A prostaglandins Falpha that is prosta-5,13-dien-1-oic acid substituted by hydroxy groups at positions 9, 11 and 15. It is a naturally occurring prostaglandin used to induce labor.		3.8721monocarboxylic acid;
prostaglandins Falpha		human metabolite;
mouse metabolite
apigenin
Chamomile: Common name for several daisy-like plants (MATRICARIA; TRIPLEUROSPERMUM; ANTHEMIS; CHAMAEMELUM) native to Europe and Western Asia, now naturalized in the United States and Australia.		2.1510trihydroxyflavoneantineoplastic agent;
metabolite
linoleic acid
Linoleic Acid: A doubly unsaturated fatty acid, occurring widely in plant glycosides. It is an essential fatty acid in mammalian nutrition and is used in the biosynthesis of prostaglandins and cell membranes. (From Stedman, 26th ed). linoleic acid : An octadecadienoic acid in which the two double bonds are at positions 9 and 12 and have Z (cis) stereochemistry.		4.2350octadecadienoic acid;
omega-6 fatty acid		algal metabolite;
Daphnia galeata metabolite;
plant metabolite
calcitriol
dihydroxy-vitamin D3: as a major in vitro metabolite of 1alpha,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3, produced in primary cultures of neonatal human keratinocytes		6.74131D3 vitamins;
hydroxycalciol;
triol		antineoplastic agent;
antipsoriatic;
bone density conservation agent;
calcium channel agonist;
calcium channel modulator;
hormone;
human metabolite;
immunomodulator;
metabolite;
mouse metabolite;
nutraceutical
vitamin k semiquinone radical
vitamin K semiquinone radical: found in active preparations of vitamin K-dependent carboxylase. vitamin K : Any member of a group of fat-soluble 2-methyl-1,4-napthoquinones that exhibit biological activity against vitamin K deficiency. Vitamin K is required for the synthesis of prothrombin and certain other blood coagulation factors.		10.64841
beta carotene
beta Carotene: A carotenoid that is a precursor of VITAMIN A. Beta carotene is administered to reduce the severity of photosensitivity reactions in patients with erythropoietic protoporphyria (PORPHYRIA, ERYTHROPOIETIC).. provitamin A : A provitamin that can be converted into vitamin A by enzymes from animal tissues.		12.56367carotenoid beta-end derivative;
cyclic carotene		antioxidant;
biological pigment;
cofactor;
ferroptosis inhibitor;
human metabolite;
mouse metabolite;
plant metabolite;
provitamin A
11-cis-retinal
Rhodopsin: A purplish-red, light-sensitive pigment found in RETINAL ROD CELLS of most vertebrates. It is a complex consisting of a molecule of ROD OPSIN and a molecule of 11-cis retinal (RETINALDEHYDE). Rhodopsin exhibits peak absorption wavelength at about 500 nm.. 11-cis-retinal : A retinal having 2E,4Z,6E,8E-double bond geometry.		4.630retinalchromophore;
human metabolite;
mouse metabolite
leukotriene b4
Leukotriene B4: The major metabolite in neutrophil polymorphonuclear leukocytes. It stimulates polymorphonuclear cell function (degranulation, formation of oxygen-centered free radicals, arachidonic acid release, and metabolism). (From Dictionary of Prostaglandins and Related Compounds, 1990). leukotriene B4 : A leukotriene composed of (6Z,8E,10E,14Z)-icosatetraenoic acid having (5S)- and (12R)-hydroxy substituents. It is a lipid mediator of inflammation that is generated from arachidonic acid via the 5-lipoxygenase pathway.		2.3820dihydroxy monocarboxylic acid;
hydroxy polyunsaturated fatty acid;
leukotriene;
long-chain fatty acid		human metabolite;
mouse metabolite;
plant metabolite;
vasoconstrictor agent
15,23-dihydrosirohydrochlorin
15,23-dihydrosirohydrochlorin: structure given in first source. precorrin-2 : The second intermediate in the biosynthesis of vitamin B12 from uroporphyrinogen III, in which methyl groups have been introduced at positions 2 and 7 of the tetrapyrrole framework.		3.2460
furylfuramide
Furylfuramide: Used formerly as antimicrobial food additive. It causes mutations in many cell cultures and may be carcinogenic.. (Z)-2-(2-furyl)-3-(5-nitro-2-furyl)acrylamide : A member of the class of acrylamides that is acrylamide which is substituted at positions 2 and 3 by 2-furyl and 5-nitro-2-furyl groups, respectively (the trans isomer). Formerly used as a food preservative, it was withdrawn from the market following suspicions of carcenogenicity.		2.610acrylamides;
C-nitro compound;
nitrofuran antibiotic;
primary carboxamide
alprostadil
[no description available]		9.06141prostaglandins Eanticoagulant;
human metabolite;
platelet aggregation inhibitor;
vasodilator agent
vitamin d 2
Ergocalciferols: Derivatives of ERGOSTEROL formed by ULTRAVIOLET RAYS breaking of the C9-C10 bond. They differ from CHOLECALCIFEROL in having a double bond between C22 and C23 and a methyl group at C24.. vitamin D2 : A vitamin D supplement and has been isolated from alfalfa.		5.1150hydroxy seco-steroid;
seco-ergostane;
vitamin D		bone density conservation agent;
nutraceutical;
plant metabolite;
rodenticide
stigmasterol
stigmasta-5,22-dien-3-ol: isolated from freeze-dried powder of Blackberries (Rubus ursinus L.) which showed an activity on inhibition of chemocarcinogen. stigmasterol : A 3beta-sterol that consists of 3beta-hydroxystigmastane having double bonds at the 5,6- and 22,23-positions.		3.74213beta-hydroxy-Delta(5)-steroid;
3beta-sterol;
phytosterols;
stigmastane sterol		plant metabolite
cholecalciferol
Cholecalciferol: Derivative of 7-dehydroxycholesterol formed by ULTRAVIOLET RAYS breaking of the C9-C10 bond. It differs from ERGOCALCIFEROL in having a single bond between C22 and C23 and lacking a methyl group at C24.. calciol : A hydroxy seco-steroid that is (5Z,7E)-9,10-secocholesta-5,7,10(19)-triene in which the pro-S hydrogen at position 3 has been replaced by a hydroxy group. It is the inactive form of vitamin D3, being hydroxylated in the liver to calcidiol (25-hydroxyvitamin D3), which is then further hydroxylated in the kidney to give calcitriol (1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3), the active hormone.		11.13274D3 vitamins;
hydroxy seco-steroid;
seco-cholestane;
secondary alcohol;
steroid hormone		geroprotector;
human metabolite
rutin
Hydroxyethylrutoside: Monohydroxyethyl derivative of rutin. Peripheral circulation stimulant used in treatment of venous disorders.		4.74100disaccharide derivative;
quercetin O-glucoside;
rutinoside;
tetrahydroxyflavone		antioxidant;
metabolite
6-ketoprostaglandin f1 alpha
6-Ketoprostaglandin F1 alpha: The physiologically active and stable hydrolysis product of EPOPROSTENOL. Found in nearly all mammalian tissue.. 6-oxoprostaglandin F1alpha : A prostaglandin Falpha that is prostaglandin F1alpha bearing a keto substituent at the 6-position.		2.2110prostaglandins Falphahuman metabolite;
mouse metabolite
zeaxanthin
Zeaxanthins: Carotenoids found in fruits and vegetables. Zeaxanthin accumulates in the MACULA LUTEA.		5.8621carotenolantioxidant;
bacterial metabolite;
cofactor
alpha-linolenic acid
linolenic acid : A two-membered subclass of octadecatrienoic acid comprising the (9Z,12Z,15Z)- and (6Z,9Z,12Z)-isomers. Linolenic acids are nutrients essential to the formation of prostaglandins and are also used in making paints and synthetic resins.. linolenate : A polyunsaturated fatty acid anion obtained by deprotonation of the carboxy group of either alpha- or gamma-linolenic acid.		2.5220linolenic acid;
omega-3 fatty acid		micronutrient;
mouse metabolite;
nutraceutical
genistein
[no description available]		3.86307-hydroxyisoflavonesantineoplastic agent;
EC 5.99.1.3 [DNA topoisomerase (ATP-hydrolysing)] inhibitor;
geroprotector;
human urinary metabolite;
phytoestrogen;
plant metabolite;
tyrosine kinase inhibitor
amphotericin b
Amphotericin B: Macrolide antifungal antibiotic produced by Streptomyces nodosus obtained from soil of the Orinoco river region of Venezuela.. amphotericin B : A macrolide antibiotic used to treat potentially life-threatening fungal infections.		2.7220antibiotic antifungal drug;
macrolide antibiotic;
polyene antibiotic		antiamoebic agent;
antiprotozoal drug;
bacterial metabolite
pulmicort
Budesonide: A glucocorticoid used in the management of ASTHMA, the treatment of various skin disorders, and allergic RHINITIS.. budesonide : A glucocorticoid steroid having a highly oxygenated pregna-1,4-diene structure. It is used mainly in the treatment of asthma and non-infectious rhinitis and for treatment and prevention of nasal polyposis.		21011beta-hydroxy steroid;
20-oxo steroid;
21-hydroxy steroid;
3-oxo-Delta(1),Delta(4)-steroid;
cyclic acetal;
glucocorticoid;
primary alpha-hydroxy ketone		anti-inflammatory drug;
bronchodilator agent;
drug allergen
oxymetholone
Oxymetholone: A synthetic hormone with anabolic and androgenic properties. It is used mainly in the treatment of anemias. According to the Fourth Annual Report on Carcinogens (NTP 85-002), this compound may reasonably be anticipated to be a carcinogen. (From Merck Index, 11th ed). oxymetholone : A 3-oxo-5alpha- steroid that is 4,5alpha-dihydrotestosterone which is substituted by a hydroxymethylidene group at position 2 and by a methyl group at the 17alpha position. A synthetic androgen, it was mainly used for the treatment of anaemias until being replaced by treatments with fewer side effects.		1.9410
entacapone
entacapone: structure given in first source. entacapone : A monocarboxylic acid amide that is N,N-diethylprop-2-enamide in which the hydrogen at position 2 is substituted by a cyano group and the hydrogen at the 3E position is substituted by a 3,4-dihydroxy-5-nitrophenyl group.		5.99742-nitrophenols;
catechols;
monocarboxylic acid amide;
nitrile		antidyskinesia agent;
antiparkinson drug;
central nervous system drug;
EC 2.1.1.6 (catechol O-methyltransferase) inhibitor
astaxanthine
astaxanthine: a keto form of carotene; pigment in flesh of Scottish salmon (Salmo salar) crustacoa-lobster (Homarus gammarus, flamingo feathers; structure; a carotenoid without vitamin A activity, has shown anti-oxidant and anti-inflammatory activities. astaxanthin : A carotenone that consists of beta,beta-carotene-4,4'-dione bearing two hydroxy substituents at positions 3 and 3' (the 3S,3'S diastereomer). A carotenoid pigment found mainly in animals (crustaceans, echinoderms) but also occurring in plants. It can occur free (as a red pigment), as an ester, or as a blue, brown or green chromoprotein.		3.7621carotenol;
carotenone		animal metabolite;
anticoagulant;
antioxidant;
food colouring;
plant metabolite
lutein
Lutein: A xanthophyll found in the major LIGHT-HARVESTING PROTEIN COMPLEXES of plants. Dietary lutein accumulates in the MACULA LUTEA.. xanthophyll : A subclass of carotenoids consisting of the oxygenated carotenes.		8.0682carotenolfood colouring;
plant metabolite
geranylgeraniol
(E,E,E)-geranylgeraniol : A geranylgeraniol in which all four double bonds have E- (trans-) geometry.		3.3510geranylgeraniol
esculin
[no description available]		1.9510beta-D-glucoside;
hydroxycoumarin		antioxidant;
metabolite
humulene
humulene: structure given in first source. (1E,4E,8E)-alpha-humulene : The (1E,4E,8E)-isomer of alpha-humulene.		2.6530alpha-humulene
daidzein
[no description available]		2.13107-hydroxyisoflavonesantineoplastic agent;
EC 2.7.7.7 (DNA-directed DNA polymerase) inhibitor;
EC 3.2.1.20 (alpha-glucosidase) inhibitor;
phytoestrogen;
plant metabolite
coenzyme q10
coenzyme Q10: Ubiquinone ring with a chain of 10 isoprene units; redox equilibrium with ubiqunol serving in mitochondrial inner membrane to transfer electrons; presence during reconstitution of acetylcholine receptor into phospholipid vesicles yields vesicles active in catalyzing carbamylcholine-sensitive Na+ flux; coenzyme Q10 depletion has been noted with use of statins. coenzyme Q10 : A ubiquinone having a side chain of 10 isoprenoid units. In the naturally occurring isomer, all isoprenyl double bonds are in the E- configuration.		5.750ubiquinonesantioxidant;
ferroptosis inhibitor;
human metabolite
cerulenin
Cerulenin: An epoxydodecadienamide isolated from several species, including ACREMONIUM, Acrocylindrum, and Helicoceras. It inhibits the biosynthesis of several lipids by interfering with enzyme function.. cerulenin : An epoxydodecadienamide isolated from several species, including Acremonium, Acrocylindrum and Helicoceras. It inhibits the biosynthesis of several lipids by interfering with enzyme function.		1.9810epoxide;
monocarboxylic acid amide		antifungal agent;
antiinfective agent;
antilipemic drug;
antimetabolite;
antimicrobial agent;
fatty acid synthesis inhibitor
8-epi-prostaglandin f2alpha
8-epi-prostaglandin F2alpha: a potent preglomerular vasoconstrictor acting principally through thromboxane A2 receptor activation. 8-epi-prostaglandin F2alpha : An isoprostane that is prostaglandin F2alpha having inverted stereochemistry at the 8-position.		2.0710F2-isoprostanebiomarker;
bronchoconstrictor agent;
vasoconstrictor agent
4-hydroxyestradiol
4-hydroxyestradiol: catechol estrogen. 4-hydroxy-17beta-estradiol : A 4-hydroxy steroid that consists of 17beta-estradiol having an additional hydroxy group at position 4.		2.01104-hydroxy steroidmetabolite
isotretinoin
Isotretinoin: A topical dermatologic agent that is used in the treatment of ACNE VULGARIS and several other skin diseases. The drug has teratogenic and other adverse effects.. isotretinoin : A retinoic acid that is all-trans-retinoic acid in which the double bond which is alpha,beta- to the carboxy group is isomerised to Z configuration. A synthetic retinoid, it is used for the treatment of severe cases of acne and other skin diseases.		12.2963retinoic acidantineoplastic agent;
keratolytic drug;
teratogenic agent
ozagrel
ozagrel: RN refers to (E)-isomer		2.1310cinnamic acids
prostaglandin i3
[no description available]		3.2110prostanoid
thromboxane b2
Thromboxane B2: A stable, physiologically active compound formed in vivo from the prostaglandin endoperoxides. It is important in the platelet-release reaction (release of ADP and serotonin).. thromboxane B2 : A member of the class of thromboxanes B that is (5Z,13E)-thromboxa-5,13-dien-1-oic acid substituted by hydroxy groups at positions 9, 11 and 15.		2.2110thromboxanes Bhuman metabolite;
mouse metabolite
codeine
[no description available]		2.3520morphinane alkaloid;
organic heteropentacyclic compound		antitussive;
drug allergen;
environmental contaminant;
opioid analgesic;
opioid receptor agonist;
prodrug;
xenobiotic
phenylephrine hydrochloride
Nose: A part of the upper respiratory tract. It contains the organ of SMELL. The term includes the external nose, the nasal cavity, and the PARANASAL SINUSES.. phenylephrine hydrochloride : A hydrochloride that is the monohydrochloride salt of phenylephrine.		2.6930hydrochloride
cyproterone
Cyproterone: An anti-androgen that, in the form of its acetate (CYPROTERONE ACETATE), also has progestational properties. It is used in the treatment of hypersexuality in males, as a palliative in prostatic carcinoma, and, in combination with estrogen, for the therapy of severe acne and hirsutism in females.		1.971017alpha-hydroxy steroid;
20-oxo steroid;
3-oxo-Delta(4) steroid;
chlorinated steroid;
tertiary alpha-hydroxy ketone		androgen antagonist
iodopyracet
Iodopyracet: An ionic monomeric contrast medium that was formerly used for a variety of diagnostic procedures. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p706). diodone : A 4-pyridone in which the pyridone is iodo-substituted at C-3 and -5 and has a carboxymethyl substituent on nitrogen; used as a radiocontrast agent urography.		4.6550
levetiracetam
Levetiracetam: A pyrrolidinone and acetamide derivative that is used primarily for the treatment of SEIZURES and some movement disorders, and as a nootropic agent.. levetiracetam : A pyrrolidinone and carboxamide that is N-methylpyrrolidin-2-one in which one of the methyl hydrogens is replaced by an aminocarbonyl group, while another is replaced by an ethyl group (the S enantiomer). An anticonvulsant, it is used for the treatment of epilepsy in both human and veterinary medicine.		2.0610pyrrolidin-2-onesanticonvulsant;
environmental contaminant;
xenobiotic
naloxone
Naloxone: A specific opiate antagonist that has no agonist activity. It is a competitive antagonist at mu, delta, and kappa opioid receptors.. naloxone : A synthetic morphinane alkaloid that is morphinone in which the enone double bond has been reduced to a single bond, the hydrogen at position 14 has been replaced by a hydroxy group, and the methyl group attached to the nitrogen has been replaced by an allyl group. A specific opioid antagonist, it is used (commonly as its hydrochloride salt) to reverse the effects of opioids, both following their use of opioids during surgery and in cases of known or suspected opioid overdose.		2.7530morphinane alkaloid;
organic heteropentacyclic compound;
tertiary alcohol		antidote to opioid poisoning;
central nervous system depressant;
mu-opioid receptor antagonist
vitamin k 1
Vitamin K 1: A family of phylloquinones that contains a ring of 2-methyl-1,4-naphthoquinone and an isoprenoid side chain. Members of this group of vitamin K 1 have only one double bond on the proximal isoprene unit. Rich sources of vitamin K 1 include green plants, algae, and photosynthetic bacteria. Vitamin K1 has antihemorrhagic and prothrombogenic activity.. phylloquinone : A member of the class of phylloquinones that consists of 1,4-naphthoquinone having methyl and phytyl groups at positions 2 and 3 respectively. The parent of the class of phylloquinones.		4.660phylloquinones;
vitamin K		cofactor;
human metabolite;
plant metabolite
sirolimus
Sirolimus: A macrolide compound obtained from Streptomyces hygroscopicus that acts by selectively blocking the transcriptional activation of cytokines thereby inhibiting cytokine production. It is bioactive only when bound to IMMUNOPHILINS. Sirolimus is a potent immunosuppressant and possesses both antifungal and antineoplastic properties.. sirolimus : A macrolide lactam isolated from Streptomyces hygroscopicus consisting of a 29-membered ring containing 4 trans double bonds, three of which are conjugated. It is an antibiotic, immunosupressive and antineoplastic agent.		2.0610antibiotic antifungal drug;
cyclic acetal;
cyclic ketone;
ether;
macrolide lactam;
organic heterotricyclic compound;
secondary alcohol		antibacterial drug;
anticoronaviral agent;
antineoplastic agent;
bacterial metabolite;
geroprotector;
immunosuppressive agent;
mTOR inhibitor
topiramate
Topiramate: A sulfamate-substituted fructose analog that was originally identified as a hypoglycemic agent. It is used for the treatment of EPILEPSY and MIGRAINE DISORDERS, and may also promote weight loss.. topiramate : A hexose derivative that is 2,3:4,5-di-O-isopropylidene-beta-D-fructopyranose in which the hydroxy group has been converted to the corresponding sulfamate ester. It blocks voltage-dependent sodium channels and is used as an antiepileptic and for the prevention of migraine.		2.0510cyclic ketal;
ketohexose derivative;
sulfamate ester		anticonvulsant;
sodium channel blocker
morphine
Meconium: The thick green-to-black mucilaginous material found in the intestines of a full-term fetus. It consists of secretions of the INTESTINAL GLANDS; BILE PIGMENTS; FATTY ACIDS; AMNIOTIC FLUID; and intrauterine debris. It constitutes the first stools passed by a newborn.		4.2770morphinane alkaloid;
organic heteropentacyclic compound;
tertiary amino compound		anaesthetic;
drug allergen;
environmental contaminant;
geroprotector;
mu-opioid receptor agonist;
opioid analgesic;
plant metabolite;
vasodilator agent;
xenobiotic
clobetasol
Clobetasol: A derivative of PREDNISOLONE with high glucocorticoid activity and low mineralocorticoid activity. Absorbed through the skin faster than FLUOCINONIDE, it is used topically in treatment of PSORIASIS but may cause marked adrenocortical suppression.. clobetasol : A 3-oxo-Delta(1),Delta(4)-steroid that is 16beta-methylpregna-1,4-diene-3,20-dione bearing hydroxy groups at the 11beta and 17alpha positions, fluorine at position 9, and a chlorine substituent at position 21. It is used as its 17alpha-propionate ester to treat various skin disorders, including exzema and psoriasis.		3.612011beta-hydroxy steroid;
17alpha-hydroxy steroid;
20-oxo steroid;
3-oxo-Delta(1),Delta(4)-steroid;
chlorinated steroid;
fluorinated steroid;
glucocorticoid;
tertiary alpha-hydroxy ketone		anti-inflammatory drug;
SMO receptor agonist
dexmedetomidine
[no description available]		2.4110medetomidinealpha-adrenergic agonist;
analgesic;
non-narcotic analgesic;
sedative
endomorphin 1
endomorphin 1: isolated from bovine brain		210oligopeptide
goserelin
Goserelin: A synthetic long-acting agonist of GONADOTROPIN-RELEASING HORMONE. Goserelin is used in treatments of malignant NEOPLASMS of the prostate, uterine fibromas, and metastatic breast cancer.		2.0410organic molecular entity
lysophosphatidylcholines
lysophosphatidylcholine : An acylglycerophosphocholine resulting from partial hydrolysis of a phosphatidylcholine, which removes one of the fatty acyl groups. The structure is depicted in the image where R1 = acyl, R2 = H or where R1 = H, R2 = acyl.		1.95101-O-acyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine
cytochalasin b
Cytochalasin B: A cytotoxic member of the CYTOCHALASINS.. cytochalasin B : An organic heterotricyclic compound, that is a mycotoxin which is cell permeable an an inhibitor of cytoplasmic division by blocking the formation of contractile microfilaments.		2.6530cytochalasin;
lactam;
lactone;
organic heterotricyclic compound		actin polymerisation inhibitor;
metabolite;
mycotoxin;
platelet aggregation inhibitor
ciguatoxins
Ciguatoxins: Polycyclic ethers produced by Gambierdiscus (DINOFLAGELLATES) from gambiertoxins, which are ingested by fish which in turn may be ingested by humans who are susceptible to the CIGUATERA POISONING.. ciguatoxin CTX1B : A ciguatoxin comprising a sequence of twelve trans-fused six-, seven-, eight- and nine-membered rings and a spiro-fused five-membered ring. A commonly encountered fish toxin.. ciguatoxin : Ciguatoxins are cyclic polyether toxins, derived from marine dinoflagellates, which are responsible for the symptoms of ciguatera poisoning. Ingestion of tropical and subtropical fin fish contaminated by ciguatoxins results in an illness characterised by neurological, cardiovascular and gastrointestinal disorders.		210ciguatoxinmetabolite
biliverdine
[no description available]		3.5220
5'-chloro-5'-deoxyadenosine
[no description available]		1.9610adenosines
lead
Lead: A soft, grayish metal with poisonous salts; atomic number 82, atomic weight 207.2, symbol Pb.		3.88120carbon group element atom;
elemental lead;
metal atom		neurotoxin
tin
[no description available]		2.6630carbon group element atom;
elemental tin;
metal atom		micronutrient
diamide
Diamide: A sulfhydryl reagent which oxidizes sulfhydryl groups to the disulfide form. It is a radiation-sensitizing agent of anoxic bacterial and mammalian cells.		2.06101,1'-azobis(N,N-dimethylformamide)
cesium
Cesium: A member of the alkali metals. It has an atomic symbol Cs, atomic number 50, and atomic weight 132.91. Cesium has many industrial applications, including the construction of atomic clocks based on its atomic vibrational frequency.		2.6430alkali metal atom
indoleacrylic acid
indoleacrylic acid: Russian drug; natural auxin from lentil roots; RN given refers to parent cpd without isomeric designation		1.9510
barium
Barium: An element of the alkaline earth group of metals. It has an atomic symbol Ba, atomic number 56, and atomic weight 138. All of its acid-soluble salts are poisonous.		2.8740alkaline earth metal atom;
elemental barium
rubidium
Rubidium: An element that is an alkali metal. It has an atomic symbol Rb, atomic number 37, and atomic weight 85.47. It is used as a chemical reagent and in the manufacture of photoelectric cells.		2.6430alkali metal atom
ethyl fumarate
[no description available]		2.0510
aluminum
Aluminum: A metallic element that has the atomic number 13, atomic symbol Al, and atomic weight 26.98.		5.09140boron group element atom;
elemental aluminium;
metal atom
strontium
Strontium: An element of the alkaline earth family of metals. It has the atomic symbol Sr, atomic number 38, and atomic weight 87.62.		4.1550alkaline earth metal atom
bismuth
Bismuth: A metallic element that has the atomic symbol Bi, and atomic number 83. Its principal isotope is Bismuth 209.		4.2641metal atom;
pnictogen
thallium
Thallium: A heavy, bluish white metal, atomic number 81, atomic weight [204.382; 204.385], symbol Tl.. thallium : A metallic element first identified and named from the brilliant green line in its flame spectrum (from Greek thetaalphalambdalambdaomicronsigma, a green shoot).		3.4720boron group element atom
arsenic
Arsenic: A shiny gray element with atomic symbol As, atomic number 33, and atomic weight 75. It occurs throughout the universe, mostly in the form of metallic arsenides. Most forms are toxic. According to the Fourth Annual Report on Carcinogens (NTP 85-002, 1985), arsenic and certain arsenic compounds have been listed as known carcinogens. (From Merck Index, 11th ed)		7.4480metalloid atom;
pnictogen		micronutrient
indium
Indium: A metallic element, atomic number 49, atomic weight 114.818, symbol In. It is named from its blue line in the spectrum.. indium atom : A metallic element first identified and named from the brilliant indigo (Latin indicum) blue line in its flame spectrum.		3.0410boron group element atom
naltrexone
Naltrexone: Derivative of noroxymorphone that is the N-cyclopropylmethyl congener of NALOXONE. It is a narcotic antagonist that is effective orally, longer lasting and more potent than naloxone, and has been proposed for the treatment of heroin addiction. The FDA has approved naltrexone for the treatment of alcohol dependence.. naltrexone : An organic heteropentacyclic compound that is naloxone substituted in which the allyl group attached to the nitrogen is replaced by a cyclopropylmethyl group. A mu-opioid receptor antagonist, it is used to treat alcohol dependence.		2.4920cyclopropanes;
morphinane-like compound;
organic heteropentacyclic compound		antidote to opioid poisoning;
central nervous system depressant;
environmental contaminant;
mu-opioid receptor antagonist;
xenobiotic
gallium
Gallium: A rare, metallic element designated by the symbol, Ga, atomic number 31, and atomic weight 69.72.. gallium atom : A metallic element predicted as eka-aluminium by Mendeleev in 1870 and discovered by Paul-Emile Lecoq de Boisbaudran in 1875. Named in honour of France (Latin Gallia) and perhaps also from the Latin gallus cock, a translation of Lecoq.		210boron group element atom
sulfur
Sulfur: An element that is a member of the chalcogen family. It has an atomic symbol S, atomic number 16, and atomic weight [32.059; 32.076]. It is found in the amino acids cysteine and methionine.		8.19351chalcogen;
nonmetal atom		macronutrient
deoxyribose
[no description available]		2.3320deoxypentosehuman metabolite;
mouse metabolite;
Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite
fumarates
Fumarates: Compounds based on fumaric acid.. fumarate(2-) : A C4-dicarboxylate that is the E-isomer of but-2-enedioate(2-)		3.68100butenedioate;
C4-dicarboxylate		human metabolite;
metabolite;
Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite
cysteine
Cysteine: A thiol-containing non-essential amino acid that is oxidized to form CYSTINE.. L-cysteinium : The L-enantiomer of cysteinium.. cysteine : A sulfur-containing amino acid that is propanoic acid with an amino group at position 2 and a sulfanyl group at position 3.		18.781388cysteiniumfundamental metabolite
silicon
Silicon: A trace element that constitutes about 27.6% of the earth's crust in the form of SILICON DIOXIDE. It does not occur free in nature. Silicon has the atomic symbol Si, atomic number 14, and atomic weight [28.084; 28.086].		3.0140carbon group element atom;
metalloid atom;
nonmetal atom
7-mercaptoheptanoylthreonine phosphate
7-mercaptoheptanoylthreonine phosphate: component B of the methylcoenzyme M methylreductase system of Methanobacterium thermoautotrophicum; structure given in first source		4.3860L-threonine derivativecoenzyme
phosphorus
Phosphorus: A non-metal element that has the atomic symbol P, atomic number 15, and atomic weight 31. It is an essential element that takes part in a broad variety of biochemical reactions.		8.52501monoatomic phosphorus;
nonmetal atom;
pnictogen		macronutrient
boron
Boron: A trace element with the atomic symbol B, atomic number 5, and atomic weight [10.806; 10.821]. Boron-10, an isotope of boron, is used as a neutron absorber in BORON NEUTRON CAPTURE THERAPY.		2.6320boron group element atom;
metalloid atom;
nonmetal atom		micronutrient
monodehydroascorbate
semidehydroascorbic acid: structure		2.0510organic radicalmouse metabolite
troxerutin
troxerutin: used in treatment of venous disorders; structure; venoruton & oxerutin is a mixture of hydroxyethyl rutinosides		2.3820
pregabalin
Pregabalin: A gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) derivative that functions as a CALCIUM CHANNEL BLOCKER and is used as an ANTICONVULSANT as well as an ANTI-ANXIETY AGENT. It is also used as an ANALGESIC in the treatment of NEUROPATHIC PAIN and FIBROMYALGIA.. pregabalin : A gamma-amino acid that is gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) carrying an isobutyl substitutent at the beta-position (the S-enantiomer). Binds with high affinity to the alpha2-delta site (an auxiliary subunit of voltage-gated calcium channels) in central nervous system tissues.		5.4122gamma-amino acidanticonvulsant;
calcium channel blocker
oxyhyponitrite
oxyhyponitrite: nitrosating agent; structure given in first source; RN given refers to parent acid		2.110
triolein
Triolein: (Z)-9-Octadecenoic acid 1,2,3-propanetriyl ester.. triolein : A triglyceride formed by esterification of the three hydroxy groups of glycerol with oleic acid. Triolein is one of the two components of Lorenzo's oil.		5.12150triglycerideCaenorhabditis elegans metabolite;
plant metabolite
carbocyanines
Carbocyanines: Compounds that contain three methine groups. They are frequently used as cationic dyes used for differential staining of biological materials.		2.4620cyanine dye;
organic iodide salt		fluorochrome
25-hydroxyvitamin d 2
25-Hydroxyvitamin D 2: 9,10-Secoergosta-5,7,10(19),22-tetraene-3,25-diol. Biologically active metabolite of vitamin D2 which is more active in curing rickets than its parent. The compound is believed to attach to the same receptor as vitamin D2 and 25-hydroxyvitamin D3.		4.3341hydroxycalciol;
seco-ergostane;
vitamin D		bone density conservation agent;
human xenobiotic metabolite;
nutraceutical
3-methyl-2-benzothiazolone hydrazone
3-methyl-2-benzothiazolone hydrazone: RN given refers to parent cpd		2.0210
4-(4-dihexadecylaminostyryl)-n-methylpyridium
4-(4-dihexadecylaminostyryl)-N-methylpyridium: RN refers to iodide. 4-(4-dihexadecylaminostyryl)-N-methylpyridium : A pyridinium cation with a methyl substituent at the 1-position and a 4-(dihexadecylamino)styryl substituent at the 4-position.		1.9410pyridinium ion;
tertiary amine		fluorochrome
ammonium sulfate
Ammonium Sulfate: Sulfuric acid diammonium salt. It is used in CHEMICAL FRACTIONATION of proteins.. ammonium sulfate : An inorganic sulfate salt obtained by reaction of sulfuric acid with two equivalents of ammonia. A high-melting (decomposes above 280degreeC) white solid which is very soluble in water (70.6 g/100 g water at 0degreeC; 103.8 g/100 g water at 100degreeC), it is widely used as a fertilizer for alkaline soils.		4.03150ammonium salt;
inorganic sulfate salt		fertilizer
selenium
Selenium: An element with the atomic symbol Se, atomic number 34, and atomic weight 78.97. It is an essential micronutrient for mammals and other animals but is toxic in large amounts. Selenium protects intracellular structures against oxidative damage. It is an essential component of GLUTATHIONE PEROXIDASE.		14.27855chalcogen;
nonmetal atom		micronutrient
selenocysteine
Selenocysteine: A naturally occurring amino acid in both eukaryotic and prokaryotic organisms. It is found in tRNAs and in the catalytic site of some enzymes. The genes for glutathione peroxidase and formate dehydrogenase contain the TGA codon, which codes for this amino acid.. selenocysteine : An alpha-amino acid that consists of alanine where one of the methyl hydrogens is substituted with a seleno group.		2.4420
tellurium
Tellurium: An element that is a member of the chalcogen family. It has the atomic symbol Te, atomic number 52, and atomic weight 127.60. It has been used as a coloring agent and in the manufacture of electrical equipment. Exposure may cause nausea, vomiting, and CNS depression.		2.0810chalcogen;
metalloid atom
trimethoxysilane
[no description available]		2.2510
polonium
Polonium: A radioactive element that is a member of the chalcogen family. It has the atomic symbol Po, atomic number 84, and the atomic weight of the isotope with the longest half-life (209Po) is 208.98. It decays by alpha-emission.. polonium atom : A radioactive metallic element discovered in 1898 by Marie Sklodowska Curie and named after her home country, Poland (Latin Polonia).		210chalcogen;
metal atom
radium
Radium: A radioactive element of the alkaline earth series of metals. It has the atomic symbol Ra and atomic number 88. Radium is the product of the disintegration of URANIUM and is present in pitchblende and all ores containing uranium. It is used clinically as a source of beta and gamma-rays in radiotherapy, particularly BRACHYTHERAPY.		2.3420alkaline earth metal atom
oxalates
Oxalates: Derivatives of OXALIC ACID. Included under this heading are a broad variety of acid forms, salts, esters, and amides that are derived from the ethanedioic acid structure.		5.91140
1,1-diethyl-2-hydroxy-2-nitrosohydrazine
1,1-diethyl-2-hydroxy-2-nitrosohydrazine: RN given in first source; RN refers to ion(1-); do not confuse with DEA-NO cpd		2.0510organic anion
(3S,5S,6E)-7-[3-(4-fluorophenyl)-1-(propan-2-yl)-1H-indol-2-yl]-3,5-dihydroxyhept-6-enoic acid
Fluvastatin: An indole-heptanoic acid derivative that inhibits HMG COA REDUCTASE and is used to treat HYPERCHOLESTEROLEMIA. In contrast to other statins, it does not appear to interact with other drugs that inhibit CYP3A4.. (3S,5S,6E)-7-[3-(4-fluorophenyl)-1-(propan-2-yl)-1H-indol-2-yl]-3,5-dihydroxyhept-6-enoic acid : A (6E)-7-[3-(4-fluorophenyl)-1-(propan-2-yl)-1H-indol-2-yl]-3,5-dihydroxyhept-6-enoic acid diastereoisomer in which both chiral centres have S configuration.. fluvastatin : A racemate comprising equimolar amounts of (3R,5S)- and (3S,5R)-fluvastatin. An HMG-CoA reductase inhibitor, it is used (often as the corresponding sodium salt) to reduce triglycerides and LDL-cholesterol, and increase HDL-chloesterol, in the treatment of hyperlipidaemia.		3.1110(6E)-7-[3-(4-fluorophenyl)-1-(propan-2-yl)-1H-indol-2-yl]-3,5-dihydroxyhept-6-enoic acid
dizocilpine maleate
Dizocilpine Maleate: A potent noncompetitive antagonist of the NMDA receptor (RECEPTORS, N-METHYL-D-ASPARTATE) used mainly as a research tool. The drug has been considered for the wide variety of neurodegenerative conditions or disorders in which NMDA receptors may play an important role. Its use has been primarily limited to animal and tissue experiments because of its psychotropic effects.. dizocilpine maleate : A maleate salt obtained by reaction of dizocilpine with one equivalent of maleic acid.		2.4220maleate salt;
tetracyclic antidepressant		anaesthetic;
anticonvulsant;
neuroprotective agent;
nicotinic antagonist;
NMDA receptor antagonist
ferrous fumarate
ferrous fumarate: used in treatment of iron deficiency anemia; RN given refers to Fe(+2)[1:1] salt		5.3172dicarboxylic acid
corrin
corrin : A tetrapyrrole fundamental parent that is the core macrocycle of vitamin B12.		5.54220
limaprost
limaprost: RN given refers to (2E,11alpha,13E,15S,17S)-isomer		4.0710long-chain fatty acid
bacteriochlorophylls
Bacteriochlorophylls: Pyrrole containing pigments found in photosynthetic bacteria.		4.89110
protochlorophyll
protochlorophyll: RN given refers to protochlorophyll		3.0610
factor iii, vitamin b 12
[no description available]		3.66100
glutathionylcobalamin
glutathionylcobalamin: an intermediate in formation of cobalamin coenzymes		4.1150
a 10255
A 10255: complex of thiopeptide antibiotics characterized structurally by a cyclic peptide core to which is attached a side chain composed of dehydroalaninemoieties; potent potential ruminal fermentation modifier; from Streptomyces gardneri		1.9810
i(3)so3-galactosylceramide
Sulfoglycosphingolipids: GLYCOSPHINGOLIPIDS with a sulfate group esterified to one of the sugar groups.. 1-(3-O-sulfo-beta-D-galactosyl)-N-tetracosanoylsphingosine : A D-galactosyl-N-acylsphingosine having a sulfo group at the 3-position on the galactose ring and tetracosanoyl as the N-acyl group.		1.9510galactosylceramide sulfate;
N-acyl-beta-D-galactosylsphingosine
beta-escin
Escin: Pentacyclic triterpene saponins, biosynthesized from protoaescigenin and barringtogenol, occurring in the seeds of AESCULUS. It inhibits edema formation and decreases vascular fragility.		1.9410triterpenoid saponin
n-homocysteine thiolactonyl retinamide
N-homocysteine thiolactonyl retinamide: causes human platelet aggregation		4.1950
beta-escin
[no description available]		2.8540
4,5-diaminofluorescein diacetate
[no description available]		2.0310
s-nitroso-n-acetylpenicillamine
S-Nitroso-N-Acetylpenicillamine: A sulfur-containing alkyl thionitrite that is one of the NITRIC OXIDE DONORS.		2.0310nitroso compound;
nitrosothio compound		nitric oxide donor;
vasodilator agent
nitrofurantoin
Nitrofurantoin: A urinary anti-infective agent effective against most gram-positive and gram-negative organisms. Although sulfonamides and antibiotics are usually the agents of choice for urinary tract infections, nitrofurantoin is widely used for prophylaxis and long-term suppression.. nitrofurantoin : An imidazolidine-2,4-dione that is hydantoin substituted at position 1 by a [(5-nitro-2-furyl)methylene]amino group. An antibiotic that damages bacterial DNA.		2.6530imidazolidine-2,4-dione;
nitrofuran antibiotic;
organonitrogen heterocyclic antibiotic;
organooxygen heterocyclic antibiotic		antibacterial drug;
antiinfective agent;
hepatotoxic agent
gadolinium dtpa
Gadolinium DTPA: A complex of gadolinium with a chelating agent, diethylenetriamine penta-acetic acid (DTPA see PENTETIC ACID), that is given to enhance the image in cranial and spinal MRIs. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p706)		2.0510gadolinium coordination entityMRI contrast agent
corrole
corrole: structure in first source. corrole : A tetrapyrrole fundamental parent that is the octadehydro drivative of corrin.		2.4720
sq-23377
Ionomycin: A divalent calcium ionophore that is widely used as a tool to investigate the role of intracellular calcium in cellular processes.. ionomycin : A very long-chain fatty acid that is docosa-10,16-dienoic acid which is substituted by methyl groups at positions 4, 6, 8, 12, 14, 18 and 20, by hydroxy groups at positions 11, 19 and 21, and by a (2',5-dimethyloctahydro-2,2'-bifuran-5-yl)ethanol group at position 21. An ionophore produced by Streptomyces conglobatus, it is used in research to raise the intracellular level of Ca(2+) and as a research tool to understand Ca(2+) transport across biological membranes.		2.0310cyclic ether;
enol;
polyunsaturated fatty acid;
very long-chain fatty acid		calcium ionophore;
metabolite
tiapamil hydrochloride
Tiapamil Hydrochloride: A phenylethylamine derivative that acts as a calcium antagonist showing hemodynamic effects in patients with acute myocardial infarction.		2.0110
tonabersat
tonabersat: potential antimigraine agent; structure in first source		3.1410
bentiromide
bentiromide: chymotrypsin labile peptide used diagnostically as an index of exocrine pancreas function. bentiromide : The dipeptide obtained by condensation of N-benzoyl-L-tyrosine with 4-aminobenzoic acid. Used as a noninvasive screening test for exocrine pancreatic insufficiency and to monitor the adequacy of supplemental pancreatic therapy, it is given by mouth: the amount of 4-aminobenzoic acid and its metabolites excreted in the urine is taken as a measure of the chymotrypsin-secreting activity of the pancreas.		1.9710dipeptidediagnostic agent;
indicator;
reagent
acryloyl-coenzyme a
acryloyl-coenzyme A: used by Clostridium propionicum in the conversion of lactate to propionate. acryloyl-CoA : The S-acryloyl derivative of coenzyme A.		2.41102-enoyl-CoA;
monounsaturated fatty acyl-CoA		mouse metabolite
phosphocreatine
Phosphocreatine: An endogenous substance found mainly in skeletal muscle of vertebrates. It has been tried in the treatment of cardiac disorders and has been added to cardioplegic solutions. (Reynolds JEF(Ed): Martindale: The Extra Pharmacopoeia (electronic version). Micromedex, Inc, Englewood, CO, 1996). phosphagen : Any of a group of guanidine or amidine phosphates that function as storage depots for high-energy phosphate in muscle with the purpose of regenerating ATP from ADP during muscular contraction.. N-phosphocreatine : A phosphoamino acid consisting of creatine having a phospho group attached at the primary nitrogen of the guanidino group.		1.9410phosphagen;
phosphoamino acid		human metabolite;
mouse metabolite
taxane
taxane: produced by Taxomyces andreanae		3.8721diterpene;
terpenoid fundamental parent
s 1743
Esomeprazole: The S-isomer of omeprazole.. esomeprazole : A 5-methoxy-2-{[(4-methoxy-3,5-dimethylpyridin-2-yl)methyl]sulfinyl}-1H-benzimidazole that has S configuration at the sulfur atom. An inhibitor of gastric acid secretion, it is used (generally as its sodium or magnesium salt) for the treatment of gastro-oesophageal reflux disease, dyspepsia, peptic ulcer disease, and Zollinger-Ellison syndrome.		3.1610magnesium saltanti-ulcer drug;
EC 3.6.3.10 (H(+)/K(+)-exchanging ATPase) inhibitor
asparenomycin
asparenomycin: from Streptomyces tokunonensis sp. nov.; structure given in first source		2.4110
pentagastrin
Pentagastrin: A synthetic pentapeptide that has effects like gastrin when given parenterally. It stimulates the secretion of gastric acid, pepsin, and intrinsic factor, and has been used as a diagnostic aid.		4.1160organic molecular entity
mocetinostat
mocetinostat: undergoing phase II clinical trials for treatment of cancer. mocetinostat : A benzamide obtained by formal condensation of the carboxy group of 4-({[4-(pyridin-3-yl)pyrimidin-2-yl]amino}methyl)benzoic acid with one of the amino groups of benzene-1,2-diamine. It is an orally active and isotype-selective HDAC inhibitor which exhibits antitumour activity (IC50 = 0.15, 0.29, 1.66 and 0.59 muM for HDAC1, HDAC2, HDAC3 and HDAC11).		4.5880aminopyrimidine;
benzamides;
pyridines;
secondary amino compound;
secondary carboxamide;
substituted aniline		antineoplastic agent;
apoptosis inducer;
autophagy inducer;
cardioprotective agent;
EC 3.5.1.98 (histone deacetylase) inhibitor;
hepatotoxic agent
lipid a
Lipid A: Lipid A is the biologically active component of lipopolysaccharides. It shows strong endotoxic activity and exhibits immunogenic properties.. lipid A : The glycolipid moiety of bacterial lipopolysaccharide (R can be either hydrogen or a fatty acyl group).		3.5320dodecanoate ester;
lipid A;
tetradecanoate ester		Escherichia coli metabolite
tocotrienols
tocotrienol : A tocol in which the hydrocarbon chain at position 2 contains three double bonds.		3.3510diterpenoid
tetramethylrhodamine
tetramethylrhodamine: RN given refers to perchlorate; structure		2.110xanthene dye
g(m1) ganglioside
G(M1) Ganglioside: A specific monosialoganglioside that accumulates abnormally within the nervous system due to a deficiency of GM1-b-galactosidase, resulting in GM1 gangliosidosis.. ganglioside GM1 : A sialotetraosylceramide consisting of a branched pentasaccharide made up from one sialyl residue, two galactose residues, one N-acetylgalactosamine residue and a glucose residue at the reducing end attached to N-stearoylsphingosine via a beta-linkage.		3.5111alpha-N-acetylneuraminosyl-(2->3)-[beta-D-galactosyl-(1->3)-N-acetyl-beta-D-galactosaminyl-(1->4)]-beta-D-galactosyl-(1->4)-beta-D-glucosyl-(1<->1')-N-acylsphingosine;
sialotetraosylceramide
linagliptin
Linagliptin: A purine and quinazoline derivative that functions as an INCRETIN and DIPEPTIDYL-PEPTIDASE IV INHIBTOR. It is used as a HYPOGLYCEMIC AGENT in the treatment of TYPE II DIABETES MELLITUS.. linagliptin : A xanthine that is 7H-xanthine bearing (4-methylquinazolin-2-yl)methyl, methyl, but-2-yn-1-yl and 3-aminopiperidin-1-yl substituents at positions 1, 3, 7 and 8 respectively (the R-enantiomer). Used for treatment of type II diabetes.		2.610aminopiperidine;
quinazolines		EC 3.4.14.5 (dipeptidyl-peptidase IV) inhibitor;
hypoglycemic agent
bismuth tripotassium dicitrate
bismuth tripotassium dicitrate: contains tripotassium di-citratobismuthate used in gastric & duodenal ulcer therapy; do not confuse with colloidal bismuth subnitrate		1.9610
cystathionine
Cystathionine: Sulfur-containing amino acid formed as an intermediate in the conversion of METHIONINE to CYSTEINE.. cystathionine : A modified amino acid generated by enzymic means from homocysteine and serine.		10.08294cysteine derivative
dimethylarginine
dimethylarginine: structure in first source. dimethylarginine : An arginine derivative that is arginine substituted by two methyl groups. A "closed" class.		2.4920
vitamin u
Vitamin U: A vitamin found in green vegetables. It is used in the treatment of peptic ulcers, colitis, and gastritis and has an effect on secretory, acid-forming, and enzymatic functions of the intestinal tract.. S-methyl-L-methioninate : A sulfonium betaine that is a conjugate base of S-methyl-L-methionine obtained by the deprotonation of the carboxy group.		210methyl-L-methionine;
sulfonium betaine
alpha-synuclein
alpha-Synuclein: A synuclein that is a major component of LEWY BODIES and plays a role in SYNUCLEINOPATHIES, neurodegeneration and neuroprotection.		2.6320
hirsutene
hirsutene: structure in first source		2.0210
oxadiazoles
Oxadiazoles: Compounds containing five-membered heteroaromatic rings containing two carbons, two nitrogens, and one oxygen atom which exist in various regioisomeric forms.		2.110
ribose
ribopyranose : The pyranose form of ribose.		3.81120D-ribose;
ribopyranose
acebutolol
alpha-D-glucosyl-(1->4)-alpha-D-mannose : An alpha-D-glucosyl-(1->4)-D-mannopyranose in which the anomeric hydroxy group has alpha configuration.		8.35132alpha-D-glucosyl-(1->4)-D-mannopyranose
lactulose
Lactulose: A synthetic disaccharide used in the treatment of constipation and hepatic encephalopathy. It has also been used in the diagnosis of gastrointestinal disorders. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p887). lactulose : A synthetic galactosylfructose disaccharide used in the treatment of constipation and hepatic encephalopathy.		4.5980
salinosporamide b
salinosporamide B: from the marine Actinomycete Salinispora tropica; structure in first source		2.0510salinosporamide
nystatin a1
Nystatin: Macrolide antifungal antibiotic complex produced by Streptomyces noursei, S. aureus, and other Streptomyces species. The biologically active components of the complex are nystatin A1, A2, and A3.. nystatin : A heterogeneous mixture of polyene compounds produced by cultures of Streptomyces noursei. It mainly consists of three biologically active components designated nystatin A1, nystatin A2, and nystatin A3. It is used to treat oral and dermal fungal infections.. nystatin A1 : A polyene macrolide antibiotic; part of the nystatin complex produced by several Streptomyces species. It is an antifungal antibiotic used for the treatment of topical fungal infections caused by a broad spectrum of fungal pathogens comprising yeast-like and filamentous species.		1.9510nystatins
marizomib
marizomib: a proteasome inhibitor from a marine bacterium Salinospora; structure in first source		2.0510beta-lactone;
gamma-lactam;
organic heterobicyclic compound;
organochlorine compound;
salinosporamide		antineoplastic agent;
proteasome inhibitor
pyrazolone
pyrazolone: non-steroid antirheumatic agent. pyrazolone : A member of the class of pyrazoles in which one of the carbons of the pyrazole ring is substituted by an oxo group.		1.9310
sitagliptin phosphate
Sitagliptin Phosphate: A pyrazine-derived DIPEPTIDYL-PEPTIDASE IV INHIBITOR and HYPOGLYCEMIC AGENT that increases the levels of the INCRETIN hormones GLUCAGON-LIKE PEPTIDE-1 (GLP-1) and glucose-dependent insulinotropic polypeptide (GIP). It is used in the treatment of TYPE 2 DIABETES.		2.3110
losartan potassium
Erythropoietin: Glycoprotein hormone, secreted chiefly by the KIDNEY in the adult and the LIVER in the FETUS, that acts on erythroid stem cells of the BONE MARROW to stimulate proliferation and differentiation.		14.028212
technetium tc 99m exametazime
Technetium Tc 99m Exametazime: A gamma-emitting RADIONUCLIDE IMAGING agent used in the evaluation of regional cerebral blood flow and in non-invasive dynamic biodistribution studies and MYOCARDIAL PERFUSION IMAGING. It has also been used to label leukocytes in the investigation of INFLAMMATORY BOWEL DISEASES.		1.9810
calcimycin
Calcimycin: An ionophorous, polyether antibiotic from Streptomyces chartreusensis. It binds and transports CALCIUM and other divalent cations across membranes and uncouples oxidative phosphorylation while inhibiting ATPase of rat liver mitochondria. The substance is used mostly as a biochemical tool to study the role of divalent cations in various biological systems.		3.0750benzoxazole
ferryl iron
[no description available]		3.2510
sepharose
agarose : A linear polysaccharide made up from alternating D-galactose and 3,6-anhydro-alpha-L-galactopyranose residues joined by alpha-(1->3)- and beta-(1->4)-linkages.		3.83120
scopolamine hydrobromide
[no description available]		2.6620
pituitrin
Pituitrin: A substance or extract from the neurohypophysis (PITUITARY GLAND, POSTERIOR).		4.1350
virginiamycin
Virginiamycin: A cyclic polypeptide antibiotic complex from Streptomyces virginiae, S. loidensis, S. mitakaensis, S. pristina-spiralis, S. ostreogriseus, and others. It consists of 2 major components, VIRGINIAMYCIN FACTOR M1 and virginiamycin Factor S1. It is used to treat infections with gram-positive organisms and as a growth promoter in cattle, swine, and poultry.. virginiamycin : A mixture of cyclic polypeptide streptogramin antibiotics produced by Streptomyces virginiae, S. loidensis, S. mitakaensis, S. pristina-spiralis, S. ostreogriseus, and others. The two major components are virginiamycin M1 (also known as pristinamycin IIA) and virginiamycin S1. Virginiamycin has been widely used as a growth promotion agent in livestock and has been to have bacteriostatic activity against Gram-positive organisms such as staphylococci and streptococci.		1.9510
aminopyrine, dexamethasone, phenylbutazone, thiamine, vitamin b12 drug combination
aminopyrine, dexamethasone, phenylbutazone, thiamine, vitamin B12 drug combination: 2 vial sets containing dexamethasone, phenylbutazone, vitamin B 12, aminopyrine & thiamine; also available in suppositories & tablets; used for treatment of rheumatism		3.2360
hachimycin
hachimycin: major descriptor (78-85); on-line search ANTIBIOTICS, ANTIFUNGAL (66-85); Index Medicus search TRICHOMYCIN (63-77); HACHIMYCIN (78-85)		1.9310
phytosterols
Phytosterols: A class of organic compounds known as sterols or STEROIDS derived from plants.. phytosterols : Sterols similar to cholesterol which occur in plants and vary only in carbon side chains and/or presence or absence of a double bond.		4.921
dihydrotachysterol
Dihydrotachysterol: A VITAMIN D that can be regarded as a reduction product of vitamin D2.. dihydrotachysterol : A hydroxy seco-steroid that is 9,10-secoergosta-5,7,22-triene substituted by a hydroxy group at position 3. A synthetic analogue of vitamin D that acts a bone density conservation agent.		2.3820
clove
Madagascar: One of the Indian Ocean Islands off the southeast coast of Africa. Its capital is Antananarivo. It was formerly called the Malagasy Republic. Discovered by the Portuguese in 1500, its history has been tied predominantly to the French, becoming a French protectorate in 1882, a French colony in 1896, and a territory within the French union in 1946. The Malagasy Republic was established in the French Community in 1958 but it achieved independence in 1960. Its name was changed to Madagascar in 1975. (From Webster's New Geographical Dictionary, 1988, p714)		2.2110
sulfitocobalamin
[no description available]		3.4780
acid phosphatase
Acid Phosphatase: An enzyme that catalyzes the conversion of an orthophosphoric monoester and water to an alcohol and orthophosphate. EC 3.1.3.2.		8.82120
erythrosine
Erythrosine: A tetraiodofluorescein used as a red coloring in some foods (cherries, fish), as a disclosure of DENTAL PLAQUE, and as a stain of some cell types. It has structural similarity to THYROXINE.. erythrosin B : An organic sodium salt that is the disodium salt of 2-(2,4,5,7-tetraiodo-6-oxido-3-oxo-8a,10a-dihydroxanthen-9-yl)benzoic acid.		2.0310
2-methyltryptophan
2-methyltryptophan: RN given for (L)-isomer. 2-methyl-L-tryptophan : An L-tryptophan derivative in which the hydrogen at position 2 on the indole ring is replaced by a methyl group.		2.0810amino acid zwitterion;
L-tryptophan derivative		bacterial metabolite
titanium citrate
[no description available]		2.0210
calcium ascorbate
calcium ascorbate: various prepartions exist for drugs listed under this heading		1.9210
jaw
[no description available]		2.0810indolecarboxamide
s-adenosylethionine
[no description available]		4.3911
nad
NAD(1-) : An anionic form of nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide arising from deprotonation of the two OH groups of the diphosphate moiety.		7.17400organophosphate oxoanioncofactor;
human metabolite;
hydrogen acceptor;
Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite
cytochrome c-t
Cytochromes c: Cytochromes of the c type that are found in eukaryotic MITOCHONDRIA. They serve as redox intermediates that accept electrons from MITOCHONDRIAL ELECTRON TRANSPORT COMPLEX III and transfer them to MITOCHONDRIAL ELECTRON TRANSPORT COMPLEX IV.		3.1150
cob(ii)alamin
cob(II)alamin : A cobalamin in which the central cobalt atom has an oxidation state of +2.		4.74290cobalamincofactor;
human metabolite
cholecystokinin
Cholecystokinin: A peptide, of about 33 amino acids, secreted by the upper INTESTINAL MUCOSA and also found in the central nervous system. It causes gallbladder contraction, release of pancreatic exocrine (or digestive) enzymes, and affects other gastrointestinal functions. Cholecystokinin may be the mediator of satiety.		5.8271
alamethicin
Alamethicin: A cyclic nonadecapeptide antibiotic that can act as an ionophore and is produced by strains of Trichoderma viride. (From Singleton & Sainsbury, Dictionary of Microbiology and Molecular Biology, 2d ed)		1.9610
gastrins
Gastrins: A family of gastrointestinal peptide hormones that excite the secretion of GASTRIC JUICE. They may also occur in the central nervous system where they are presumed to be neurotransmitters.		9.73611
gramicidin a
Gramicidin: A group of peptide antibiotics from BACILLUS brevis. Gramicidin C or S is a cyclic, ten-amino acid polypeptide and gramicidins A, B, D are linear. Gramicidin is one of the two principal components of TYROTHRICIN.		210
glucagon
Glucagon: A 29-amino acid pancreatic peptide derived from proglucagon which is also the precursor of intestinal GLUCAGON-LIKE PEPTIDES. Glucagon is secreted by PANCREATIC ALPHA CELLS and plays an important role in regulation of BLOOD GLUCOSE concentration, ketone metabolism, and several other biochemical and physiological processes. (From Gilman et al., Goodman and Gilman's The Pharmacological Basis of Therapeutics, 9th ed, p1511). glucagon : A 29-amino acid peptide hormone consisting of His, Ser, Gln, Gly, Thr, Phe, Thr, Ser, Asp, Tyr, Ser, Lys, Tyr, Leu, Asp, Ser, Arg, Arg, Ala, Gln, Asp, Phe, Val, Gln, Trp, Leu, Met, Asn and Thr residues joined in sequence.		3.2260peptide hormone
neuropeptide y
Neuropeptide Y: A 36-amino acid peptide present in many organs and in many sympathetic noradrenergic neurons. It has vasoconstrictor and natriuretic activity and regulates local blood flow, glandular secretion, and smooth muscle activity. The peptide also stimulates feeding and drinking behavior and influences secretion of pituitary hormones.		1.9810
tannins
Tannins: Polyphenolic compounds with molecular weights of around 500-3000 daltons and containing enough hydroxyl groups (1-2 per 100 MW) for effective cross linking of other compounds (ASTRINGENTS). The two main types are HYDROLYZABLE TANNINS and CONDENSED TANNINS. Historically, the term has applied to many compounds and plant extracts able to render skin COLLAGEN impervious to degradation. The word tannin derives from the Celtic word for OAK TREE which was used for leather processing.		3.4480
oligonucleotides
[no description available]		2.8130
anticodon
Anticodon: The sequential set of three nucleotides in TRANSFER RNA that interacts with its complement in MESSENGER RNA, the CODON, during translation in the ribosome.		2.1310
glucagon-like peptide 1
Glucagon-Like Peptide 1: A peptide of 36 or 37 amino acids that is derived from PROGLUCAGON and mainly produced by the INTESTINAL L CELLS. GLP-1(1-37 or 1-36) is further N-terminally truncated resulting in GLP-1(7-37) or GLP-1-(7-36) which can be amidated. These GLP-1 peptides are known to enhance glucose-dependent INSULIN release, suppress GLUCAGON release and gastric emptying, lower BLOOD GLUCOSE, and reduce food intake.		2.0810
c-peptide
C-Peptide: The middle segment of proinsulin that is between the N-terminal B-chain and the C-terminal A-chain. It is a pancreatic peptide of about 31 residues, depending on the species. Upon proteolytic cleavage of proinsulin, equimolar INSULIN and C-peptide are released. C-peptide immunoassay has been used to assess pancreatic beta cell function in diabetic patients with circulating insulin antibodies or exogenous insulin. Half-life of C-peptide is 30 min, almost 8 times that of insulin.		3.6530
gastrin 17
gastrin-17 : One of the primary forms of gastrin that is a 17-membered peptide consisting of Glp, Gly, Pro, Trp, Leu, Glu, Glu, Glu, Glu, Glu, Ala, Tyr, Gly, Trp, Met, Asp and Phe-NH2 residues joined in sequence.		3.5520gastrinantineoplastic agent
ge 2270 a
GE 2270 A: from Planobispora rosea; inhibits bacterial protein synthesis in vitro by affecting specifically the GTP-bound form of elongation factor Tu; structure given in first source		2.0110
ristocetin
Ristocetin: An antibiotic mixture of two components, A and B, obtained from Nocardia lurida (or the same substance produced by any other means). It is no longer used clinically because of its toxicity. It causes platelet agglutination and blood coagulation and is used to assay those functions in vitro.. ristocetin : A heterodetic cyclic peptide that is produced by species of Amycolatopsis and Nocardia.		1.9510glycopeptide;
heterodetic cyclic peptide;
macrocycle;
tetrasaccharide derivative		antibacterial drug;
antimicrobial agent;
bacterial metabolite;
platelet-activating factor receptor agonist
cellulose
DEAE-Cellulose: Cellulose derivative used in chromatography, as ion-exchange material, and for various industrial applications.		8.22521glycoside
sodium borate
borax: see also sodium borate. borax : A hydrate that is the decahydrate form of disodium tetraborate.		2.7130
ferrous gluconate
ferrous gluconate: iron important in this cpd; RN given refers to ferrous cpd		4.0931
endothelin-1
Endothelin-1: A 21-amino acid peptide produced in a variety of tissues including endothelial and vascular smooth-muscle cells, neurons and astrocytes in the central nervous system, and endometrial cells. It acts as a modulator of vasomotor tone, cell proliferation, and hormone production. (N Eng J Med 1995;333(6):356-63)		3.8740
phosphatidylcholines
Phosphatidylcholines: Derivatives of PHOSPHATIDIC ACIDS in which the phosphoric acid is bound in ester linkage to a CHOLINE moiety.		6.842111,2-diacyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine
(9R)-9-chloro-11,17-dihydroxy-17-(2-hydroxy-1-oxoethyl)-10,13,16-trimethyl-6,7,8,11,12,14,15,16-octahydrocyclopenta[a]phenanthren-3-one
Beclomethasone: An anti-inflammatory, synthetic glucocorticoid. It is used topically as an anti-inflammatory agent and in aerosol form for the treatment of ASTHMA.. beclomethasone : A 17alpha-hydroxy steroid that is prednisolone in which the hydrogens at the 9alpha and 16beta positions are substituted by a chlorine and a methyl group, respectively.		3.161021-hydroxy steroid
chlorophyll a
Chlorophyll: Porphyrin derivatives containing magnesium that act to convert light energy in photosynthetic organisms.. chlorophyll : A family of magnesium porphyrins, defined by the presence of a fifth ring beyond the four pyrrole-like rings. The rings can have various side chains which usually include a long phytol chain.		7.49290chlorophyll;
methyl ester		cofactor
thimerosal
Thimerosal: An ethylmercury-sulfidobenzoate that has been used as a preservative in VACCINES; ANTIVENINS; and OINTMENTS. It was formerly used as a topical antiseptic. It degrades to ethylmercury and thiosalicylate.. thimerosal : An alkylmercury compound (approximately 49% mercury by weight) used as an antiseptic and antifungal agent.		3.2510alkylmercury compoundantifungal drug;
antiseptic drug;
disinfectant;
drug allergen
cobyrinic acid
cobyrinic acid: structure		6.57210cobalt-corrinoid heptacarboxylic acid;
cobyrinic acid
sodium salicylate
[no description available]		4.0331organic molecular entity
ubiquinone
Ubiquinone: A lipid-soluble benzoquinone which is involved in ELECTRON TRANSPORT in mitochondrial preparations. The compound occurs in the majority of aerobic organisms, from bacteria to higher plants and animals.		8.73141
bacteriochlorin a
isobacteriochlorin: structure in first source		2.0310
2,3-dihydroxypropane-1-sulfonate
3-sulfopropanediol(1-) : An organosulfonate oxoanion that is the conjugate base of 3-sulfolactaldehyde, obtained by deprotonation of the sulfo group; major species at pH 7.3.		2.1110alkanesulfonate oxoanion
1,2,4-trioxane
1,2,4-trioxane: structure in first source		2.1710
chitosan
[no description available]		4.18150
cobyric acid
[no description available]		5.12140cobalt-corrinoid hexaamide
mesna
Mesna: A sulfhydryl compound used to prevent urothelial toxicity by inactivating metabolites from ANTINEOPLASTIC AGENTS, such as IFOSFAMIDE or CYCLOPHOSPHAMIDE.		3.690organosulfonic acid
sodium oxybate
Sodium Oxybate: The sodium salt of 4-hydroxybutyric acid. It is used for both induction and maintenance of ANESTHESIA.		2.4110
bucladesine
Bucladesine: A cyclic nucleotide derivative that mimics the action of endogenous CYCLIC AMP and is capable of permeating the cell membrane. It has vasodilator properties and is used as a cardiac stimulant. (From Merck Index, 11th ed). bucladesine : A 3',5'-cyclic purine nucleotide that is the 2'-butanoate ester and 6-N-butanoyl derivative of 3',5'-cyclic AMP.		2.65303',5'-cyclic purine nucleotide
sodium hypochlorite
Sodium Hypochlorite: It is used as an oxidizing and bleaching agent and as a disinfectant. (From Grant & Hackh's Chemical Dictionary, 5th ed). sodium hypochlorite : An inorganic sodium salt in which hypochlorite is the counterion. It is used as a bleaching and disinfecting agent and is commonly found in household bleach.		2.0310inorganic sodium saltbleaching agent;
disinfectant
sodium bisulfite
sodium bisulfite: has been used externally for parasitic skin diseases and as gastrointestinal antiseptic; structure. sodium hydrogensulfite : An inorganic sodium salt having hydrogensulfite as the counterion.		1.9310inorganic sodium salt;
sulfite salt		allergen;
food antioxidant;
food colour retention agent;
mutagen;
reducing agent
sodium lactate
Sodium Lactate: The sodium salt of racemic or inactive lactic acid. It is a hygroscopic agent used intravenously as a systemic and urinary alkalizer.. sodium lactate : An organic sodium salt having lactate as the counterion.		1.9610lactate salt;
organic sodium salt		food acidity regulator;
food preservative
sodium nitrite
Sodium Nitrite: Nitrous acid sodium salt. Used in many industrial processes, in meat curing, coloring, and preserving, and as a reagent in ANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY TECHNIQUES. It is used therapeutically as an antidote in cyanide poisoning. The compound is toxic and mutagenic and will react in vivo with secondary or tertiary amines thereby producing highly carcinogenic nitrosamines.. sodium nitrite : An inorganic sodium salt having nitrite as the counterion. Used as a food preservative and antidote to cyanide poisoning.		2.4220inorganic sodium salt;
nitrite salt		antidote to cyanide poisoning;
antihypertensive agent;
antimicrobial food preservative;
food antioxidant;
poison
potassium bromate
potassium bromate: used as bread improver		2.5720bromate salt;
potassium salt		flour treatment agent
ro13-9904
Ceftriaxone: A broad-spectrum cephalosporin antibiotic and cefotaxime derivative with a very long half-life and high penetrability to meninges, eyes and inner ears.. ceftriaxone : A third-generation cephalosporin compound having 2-(2-amino-1,3-thiazol-4-yl)-2-(methoxyimino)acetylamino and [(2-methyl-5,6-dioxo-1,2,5,6-tetrahydro-1,2,4-triazin-3-yl)sulfanyl]methyl side-groups.		2.1510
sodium ethylxanthate
Sex: The totality of characteristics of reproductive structure, functions, PHENOTYPE, and GENOTYPE, differentiating the MALE from the FEMALE organism.		3.9650
cortisol succinate, sodium salt
hydrocortisone hemisuccinate: RN given refers to (11beta)-isomer; Synonyms Solu-Cortef & sopolcort H refer to Na salt		2.0810organic molecular entity
olaparib
[no description available]		2.610cyclopropanes;
monofluorobenzenes;
N-acylpiperazine;
phthalazines		antineoplastic agent;
apoptosis inducer;
EC 2.4.2.30 (NAD(+) ADP-ribosyltransferase) inhibitor
thiostrepton
Thiostrepton: One of the CYCLIC PEPTIDES from Streptomyces that is active against gram-positive bacteria. In veterinary medicine, it has been used in mastitis caused by gram-negative organisms and in dermatologic disorders.. thiostrepton : A heterodetic cyclic peptide, in which the cyclisation step involves a formal lactonisation between the carboxy group of a quinaldic acid-based residue and a secondary alcohol. An antibiotic that inhibits bacterial protein synthesis. Also acts as an antitumor agent.		4.6170
s-adenosylmethionine
(R)-S-adenosyl-L-methionine : An S-adenosyl-L-methionine that has R-configuration.. S-adenosyl-L-methionine zwitterion : A zwitterionic tautomer of S-adenosyl-L-methionine arising from shift of the proton from the carboxy group to the amino group.. (R)-S-adenosyl-L-methionine zwitterion : An S-adenosyl-L-methionine zwitterion that has R-configuration; major species at pH 7.3.. (S)-S-adenosyl-L-methionine zwitterion : An S-adenosyl-L-methionine zwitterion that has S-configuration; major species at pH 7.3.. S-adenosyl-L-methionine : A sulfonium compound that is the S-adenosyl derivative of L-methionine. It is an intermediate in the metabolic pathway of methionine.		21.081959organic cation;
sulfonium compound		coenzyme;
cofactor;
human metabolite;
micronutrient;
Mycoplasma genitalium metabolite;
nutraceutical;
Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite
ethyl cellulose
[no description available]		2.0710glycoside
intrinsic factor
Intrinsic Factor: A glycoprotein secreted by the cells of the GASTRIC GLANDS that is required for the absorption of VITAMIN B 12 (cyanocobalamin). Deficiency of intrinsic factor leads to VITAMIN B 12 DEFICIENCY and ANEMIA, PERNICIOUS.		17.851,0459
egg white
Egg White: The white of an egg, especially a chicken's egg, used in cooking. It contains albumin. (Random House Unabridged Dictionary, 2d ed)		3.3370
4,4-difluoro-4-bora-3a,4a-diaza-s-indacene
[no description available]		2.1310BODIPY compound
quetiapine fumarate
Quetiapine Fumarate: A dibenzothiazepine and ANTIPSYCHOTIC AGENT that targets the SEROTONIN 5-HT2 RECEPTOR; HISTAMINE H1 RECEPTOR, adrenergic alpha1 and alpha2 receptors, as well as the DOPAMINE D1 RECEPTOR and DOPAMINE D2 RECEPTOR. It is used in the treatment of SCHIZOPHRENIA; BIPOLAR DISORDER and DEPRESSIVE DISORDER.		2.1510fumarate salt
cardiovascular agents
Cardiovascular Agents: Agents that affect the rate or intensity of cardiac contraction, blood vessel diameter, or blood volume.		2.0810
neurotensin
neurotensin, Tyr(11)-: RN given refers to parent cpd & (D)-isomer; RN for cpd without isomeric designation not avail 5/91		2.8940peptide hormonehuman metabolite;
mitogen;
neurotransmitter;
vulnerary
mannans
[no description available]		2.0310
cobicistat
[no description available]		2.25101,3-thiazoles;
carbamate ester;
monocarboxylic acid amide;
morpholines;
ureas		P450 inhibitor
nitrogenase
Nitrogenase: An enzyme system that catalyzes the fixing of nitrogen in soil bacteria and blue-green algae (CYANOBACTERIA). EC 1.18.6.1.		1.9510
phosphinothricin
phosphinothricin: RN given refers to parent cpd with unspecified isomeric designation; structure. phosphinothricin(1-) : Conjugate base of phosphinothricin arising from deprotonation of the phosphinate function.		3.6420organic anion
peptones
Peptones: Derived proteins or mixtures of cleavage products produced by the partial hydrolysis of a native protein either by an acid or by an enzyme. Peptones are readily soluble in water, and are not precipitable by heat, by alkalis, or by saturation with ammonium sulfate. (Dorland, 28th ed)		3.260
plx4032
[no description available]		2.3110aromatic ketone;
difluorobenzene;
monochlorobenzenes;
pyrrolopyridine;
sulfonamide		antineoplastic agent;
B-Raf inhibitor
glycolipids
[no description available]		4.3560
piperidines
Piperidines: A family of hexahydropyridines.		5.96101
interleukin-8
Interleukin-8: A member of the CXC chemokine family that plays a role in the regulation of the acute inflammatory response. It is secreted by variety of cell types and induces CHEMOTAXIS of NEUTROPHILS and other inflammatory cells.		4.3741
colistin
Colistin: Cyclic polypeptide antibiotic from Bacillus colistinus. It is composed of Polymyxins E1 and E2 (or Colistins A, B, and C) which act as detergents on cell membranes. Colistin is less toxic than Polymyxin B, but otherwise similar; the methanesulfonate is used orally.. colistin : A multi-component mixture comprising mostly of colistin A (R = Me) and B (R = H), with small amounts of colistin C and other polymyxins, produced by certain strains of Bacillus polymyxa var. colistinus. An antibiotic, it is used as its sulfate salt (for oral or topical use) or as the sodium salt of the N-methylsulfonic acid derivative (the injectable form) in the treatment of severe Gram-negative infections, partiularly those due to Pseudomonas aeruginosa.		2.7530
hydroxocobalamin
Hydroxocobalamin: Injectable form of VITAMIN B 12 that has been used therapeutically to treat VITAMIN B 12 DEFICIENCY.		15.5332617
tylosin
[no description available]		2.3720
exenatide
Exenatide: A synthetic form of exendin-4, a 39-amino acid peptide isolated from the venom of the Gila monster lizard (Heloderma suspectum). Exenatide increases CYCLIC AMP levels in pancreatic acinar cells and acts as a GLUCAGON-LIKE PEPTIDE-1 RECEPTOR (GLP-1) agonist and incretin mimetic, enhancing insulin secretion in response to increased glucose levels; it also suppresses inappropriate glucagon secretion and slows gastric emptying. It is used an anti-diabetic and anti-obesity agent.		2.5420
diphthamide
[no description available]		2.0710quaternary ammonium ion
methylmalonyl-coenzyme a
[no description available]		5.97110
technetium tc 99m gluceptate
[no description available]		3.0610
calcipotriene
calcipotriene: a topical dermatologic for the treatment of moderate plaque psoriasis; structure in first source. calcipotriol hydrate : A hydrate that is the monohydrate form of calcipotriol. It is used in combination with betamethasone dipropionate, a corticosteroid, for the topical treatment of plaque psoriasis in adult patients.		3.3911hydrateantipsoriatic
methylcellulose
Methylcellulose: Methylester of cellulose. Methylcellulose is used as an emulsifying and suspending agent in cosmetics, pharmaceutics and the chemical industry. It is used therapeutically as a bulk laxative.		2.5220
natriuretic peptide, brain
Natriuretic Peptide, Brain: A PEPTIDE that is secreted by the BRAIN and the HEART ATRIA, stored mainly in cardiac ventricular MYOCARDIUM. It can cause NATRIURESIS; DIURESIS; VASODILATION; and inhibits secretion of RENIN and ALDOSTERONE. It improves heart function. It contains 32 AMINO ACIDS.		3.360polypeptide
heme
Heme: The color-furnishing portion of hemoglobin. It is found free in tissues and as the prosthetic group in many hemeproteins.. ferroheme : Any iron(II)--porphyrin coordination complex.. ferroheme b : Heme b in which the iron has oxidation state +2.. heme : A heme is any tetrapyrrolic chelate of iron.		13.19570
chondroitin
Chondroitin: A mucopolysaccharide constituent of chondrin. (Grant & Hackh's Chemical Dictionary, 5th ed)		3.4420
heparitin sulfate
Heparitin Sulfate: A heteropolysaccharide that is similar in structure to HEPARIN. It accumulates in individuals with MUCOPOLYSACCHARIDOSIS.		3.4111
heptafluorobutyl chloroformate
heptafluorobutyl chloroformate: used to derivatize amino acids		2.0410
ascorbic acid
Ascorbic Acid: A six carbon compound related to glucose. It is found naturally in citrus fruits and many vegetables. Ascorbic acid is an essential nutrient in human diets, and necessary to maintain connective tissue and bone. Its biologically active form, vitamin C, functions as a reducing agent and coenzyme in several metabolic pathways. Vitamin C is considered an antioxidant.. L-ascorbic acid : The L-enantiomer of ascorbic acid and conjugate acid of L-ascorbate.. L-ascorbate : The L-enantiomer of ascorbate and conjugate base of L-ascorbic acid, arising from selective deprotonation of the 3-hydroxy group. Required for a range of essential metabolic reactions in all animals and plants.. vitamin C : Any member of a group of vitamers that belong to the chemical structural class called butenolides that exhibit biological activity against vitamin C deficiency in animals. The vitamers include L-ascorbic acid and its salt, ionized and oxidized forms.		19.5645322ascorbic acid;
vitamin C		coenzyme;
cofactor;
flour treatment agent;
food antioxidant;
food colour retention agent;
geroprotector;
plant metabolite;
skin lightening agent
tetracycline
Tetracycline: A naphthacene antibiotic that inhibits AMINO ACYL TRNA binding during protein synthesis.. tetracycline : A broad-spectrum polyketide antibiotic produced by the Streptomyces genus of actinobacteria.		14.12742
chlortetracycline
Chlortetracycline: A TETRACYCLINE with a 7-chloro substitution.. chlortetracycline : A member of the class of tetracyclines with formula C22H23ClN2O8 isolated from Streptomyces aureofaciens.		6.19460
oxytetracycline, anhydrous
Oxytetracycline: A TETRACYCLINE analog isolated from the actinomycete STREPTOMYCES RIMOSUS and used in a wide variety of clinical conditions.. oxytetracycline : A tetracycline used for treatment of infections caused by a variety of Gram positive and Gram negative microorganisms including Mycoplasma pneumoniae, Pasteurella pestis, Escherichia coli, Haemophilus influenzae (respiratory infections), and Diplococcus pneumoniae.		4.13170
salicylates
Salicylates: The salts or esters of salicylic acids, or salicylate esters of an organic acid. Some of these have analgesic, antipyretic, and anti-inflammatory activities by inhibiting prostaglandin synthesis.. hydroxybenzoate : Any benzoate derivative carrying a single carboxylate group and at least one hydroxy substituent.. salicylates : Any salt or ester arising from reaction of the carboxy group of salicylic acid, or any ester resulting from the condensation of the phenolic hydroxy group of salicylic acid with an organic acid.. salicylate : A monohydroxybenzoate that is the conjugate base of salicylic acid.		5.1790monohydroxybenzoateplant metabolite
dicumarol
Dicumarol: An oral anticoagulant that interferes with the metabolism of vitamin K. It is also used in biochemical experiments as an inhibitor of reductases.		2.3320hydroxycoumarinanticoagulant;
EC 1.6.5.2 [NAD(P)H dehydrogenase (quinone)] inhibitor;
Hsp90 inhibitor;
vitamin K antagonist
piroxicam
[no description available]		3.4111benzothiazine;
monocarboxylic acid amide;
pyridines		analgesic;
antirheumatic drug;
cyclooxygenase 1 inhibitor;
EC 1.14.99.1 (prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase) inhibitor;
non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug
mobic
Meloxicam: A benzothiazine and thiazole derivative that acts as a NSAID and cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) inhibitor. It is used in the treatment of RHEUMATOID ARTHRITIS; OSTEOARTHRITIS; and ANKYLOSING SPONDYLITIS.. meloxicam : A benzothiazine that is piroxicam in which the pyridin-2-yl group is replaced by a 5-methyl-1,3-thiazol-2-yl group. A non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug and selective inhibitor of COX-2, it is used particularly for the management of rheumatoid arthritis.		3.42111,3-thiazoles;
benzothiazine;
monocarboxylic acid amide		analgesic;
antirheumatic drug;
cyclooxygenase 2 inhibitor;
non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug
warfarin
Warfarin: An anticoagulant that acts by inhibiting the synthesis of vitamin K-dependent coagulation factors. Warfarin is indicated for the prophylaxis and/or treatment of venous thrombosis and its extension, pulmonary embolism, and atrial fibrillation with embolization. It is also used as an adjunct in the prophylaxis of systemic embolism after myocardial infarction. Warfarin is also used as a rodenticide.. warfarin : A racemate comprising equal amounts of (R)- and (S)-warfarin. Extensively used as both an anticoagulant drug and as a pesticide against rats and mice.. 4-hydroxy-3-(3-oxo-1-phenylbutyl)-1-benzopyran-2-one : A member of the class of coumarins that is 4-hydroxycoumarin which is substituted at position 3 by a 1-phenyl-3-oxo-1-butyl group.		2.9740benzenes;
hydroxycoumarin;
methyl ketone
rolitetracycline
Rolitetracycline: A pyrrolidinylmethyl TETRACYCLINE.. rolitetracycline : A derivative of tetracycline in which the amide function is substituted with a pyrrolidinomethyl group.		1.9310
ethyl biscoumacetate
Ethyl Biscoumacetate: A coumarin that is used as an anticoagulant. It has actions similar to those of WARFARIN. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p226)		3.0310hydroxycoumarin
mysteclin f
sigmamycin: RN given contains mixture of tetracycline and oleandomycin		1.9310
lymecycline
Lymecycline: A semisynthetic antibiotic related to TETRACYCLINE. It is more readily absorbed than TETRACYCLINE and can be used in lower doses.. lymecycline : A tetracycline-based broad-spectrum antibiotic. It is approximately 5000 times more soluble than tetracycline base and is unique amongst tetracyclines in that it is absorbed by the "active transport" process across the intestinal wall.		2.110
dolutegravir
[no description available]		3.9911difluorobenzene;
monocarboxylic acid amide;
organic heterotricyclic compound;
secondary carboxamide		HIV-1 integrase inhibitor
epidermal growth factor
Epidermal Growth Factor: A 6-kDa polypeptide growth factor initially discovered in mouse submaxillary glands. Human epidermal growth factor was originally isolated from urine based on its ability to inhibit gastric secretion and called urogastrone. Epidermal growth factor exerts a wide variety of biological effects including the promotion of proliferation and differentiation of mesenchymal and EPITHELIAL CELLS. It is synthesized as a transmembrane protein which can be cleaved to release a soluble active form.		8.02221
microcystin
microcystin: microcystins have the general structure cyclo(D-Ala-L-X-D-erythro--methylisoasp-L-Y-Adda-D-isoGlu-N-methyldehydroAla) where X and Y are variable L-amino acids;. microcystin : A family of cyclic heptapeptide hepatotoxins produced by a number of cyanobacteria, the most notable of which is Microcystis, from which the name of the family is derived. Microcystins consist of a heptapeptide macrocycle made up of five non-protein amino acids and two protein amino acids.		2.0810peptide
kaolinite
Kaolin: The most common mineral of a group of hydrated aluminum silicates, approximately H2Al2Si2O8-H2O. It is prepared for pharmaceutical and medicinal purposes by levigating with water to remove sand, etc. (From Merck Index, 11th ed) The name is derived from Kao-ling (Chinese: high ridge), the original site. (From Grant & Hackh's Chemical Dictionary, 5th ed). kaolin : An aluminosilicate soft white mineral named after the hill in China (Kao-ling) from which it was mined for centuries. In its natural state kaolin is a white, soft powder consisting principally of the mineral kaolinite, and varying amounts of other minerals such as muscovite, quartz, feldspar, and anatase. It is used in the manufacture of china and porcelain and also widely used in the production of paper, rubber, paint, drying agents, and many other products.		2.0110aluminosilicate mineral;
mixture		antidiarrhoeal drug;
excipient
transforming growth factor beta
Transforming Growth Factor beta: A factor synthesized in a wide variety of tissues. It acts synergistically with TGF-alpha in inducing phenotypic transformation and can also act as a negative autocrine growth factor. TGF-beta has a potential role in embryonal development, cellular differentiation, hormone secretion, and immune function. TGF-beta is found mostly as homodimer forms of separate gene products TGF-beta1, TGF-beta2 or TGF-beta3. Heterodimers composed of TGF-beta1 and 2 (TGF-beta1.2) or of TGF-beta2 and 3 (TGF-beta2.3) have been isolated. The TGF-beta proteins are synthesized as precursor proteins.		3.0340
phytoestrogens
Phytoestrogens: Compounds derived from plants, primarily ISOFLAVONES that mimic or modulate endogenous estrogens, usually by binding to ESTROGEN RECEPTORS.		4.1620
okadaic acid
Okadaic Acid: A specific inhibitor of phosphoserine/threonine protein phosphatase 1 and 2a. It is also a potent tumor promoter. It is produced by DINOFLAGELLATES and causes diarrhetic SHELLFISH POISONING.. okadaic acid : A polycyclic ether that is produced by several species of dinoflagellates, and is known to accumulate in both marine sponges and shellfish. A polyketide, polyether derivative of a C38 fatty acid, it is one of the primary causes of diarrhetic shellfish poisoning (DSP). It is a potent inhibitor of specific protein phosphatases and is known to have a variety of negative effects on cells.		2.1710ketal
aquacobalamin
[no description available]		5.04410
siroheme
[no description available]		3.71100
catosal
butaphosphan, cyanocobalamin drug combination: 10% Butaphosphan+cyanocobalamin: used to prevent or treat deficiencies of vitamin B12 and phosphorus in farm animals in the United States.		5.1352
agar
Agar: A complex sulfated polymer of galactose units, extracted from Gelidium cartilagineum, Gracilaria confervoides, and related red algae. It is used as a gel in the preparation of solid culture media for microorganisms, as a bulk laxative, in making emulsions, and as a supporting medium for immunodiffusion and immunoelectrophoresis.. agar : A complex mixture of polysaccharides extracted from species of red algae. Its two main components are agarose and agaropectin. Agarose is the component responsible for the high-strength gelling properties of agar, while agaropectin provides the viscous properties.		5.06140
caseins
Caseins: A mixture of related phosphoproteins occurring in milk and cheese. The group is characterized as one of the most nutritive milk proteins, containing all of the common amino acids and rich in the essential ones.		6.89392
teferrol
[no description available]		2.1110
phthalocyanine
phthalocyanine : A tetrapyrrole fundamental parent that consists of four isoindole-type units, with the connecting carbon atoms in the macrocycle replaced by nitrogen.		2.610phthalocyanines;
tetrapyrrole fundamental parent
nitrophenols
Nitrophenols: PHENOLS carrying nitro group substituents.		2.0610
peptide yy
peptide YY (3-36): amino acid sequence given in first source		2.4920
angiotensin i
Angiotensin I: A decapeptide that is cleaved from precursor angiotensinogen by RENIN. Angiotensin I has limited biological activity. It is converted to angiotensin II, a potent vasoconstrictor, after the removal of two amino acids at the C-terminal by ANGIOTENSIN CONVERTING ENZYME.. angiotensin I : A ten amino acid peptide formed by renin cleavage of angiotensinogen. Angiotensin I has no direct biological function except that high levels can stimulate catecholamine production. It is metabolized to its biologically active byproduct angiotensin II, a potent vasoconstrictor, by angiotensin converting enzyme (ACE) through cleavage of the two terminal amino acids.. angiotensin I dizwitterion : A peptide zwitterion that is the dizwitterionic form of angiotensin I having both carboxy groups deprotonated and the aspartyl amino group and arginine side-chain protonated. It is the major species at pH 7.3.		2.3720angiotensin;
peptide zwitterion		human metabolite;
neurotransmitter agent
adeninylpentylcobalamin
adeninylpentylcobalamin: structure in first source		2.4320
ferric oxide, saccharated
Ferric Oxide, Saccharated: A glucaric acid-iron conjugate that is used in the treatment of IRON-DEFICIENCY ANEMIA, including in patients with chronic kidney disease, when oral iron therapy is ineffective or impractical.		3.8521
cobinamide
[no description available]		7.48640
cobamamide
cobamamide : A member of the class of cobalamins that is vitamin B12 in which the cyano group is replaced by a 5'-deoxyadenos-5'-yl moiety. It is one of the two metabolically active form of vitamin B12.		11.821881
hyaluronoglucosaminidase
Hyaluronoglucosaminidase: An enzyme that catalyzes the random hydrolysis of 1,4-linkages between N-acetyl-beta-D-glucosamine and D-glucuronate residues in hyaluronate. (From Enzyme Nomenclature, 1992) There has been use as ANTINEOPLASTIC AGENTS to limit NEOPLASM METASTASIS.		2.8740
epoetin alfa
Epoetin Alfa: A recombinant glycosylated form of erythropoietin which stimulates the differentiation and proliferation of erythroid precursors. It is used for the treatment of ANEMIA associated with CHRONIC RENAL FAILURE in dialysis and predialysis patients.		6.0691
gibberellins
[no description available]		1.9310
norgestrel
Norgestrel: A synthetic progestational agent with actions similar to those of PROGESTERONE. This racemic or (+-)-form has about half the potency of the levo form (LEVONORGESTREL). Norgestrel is used as a contraceptive, ovulation inhibitor, and for the control of menstrual disorders and endometriosis.		1.9510
zinc tannate
kastrin: injected intratesticularly; effects chemical sterilization in male rats		1.9310
transforming growth factor alpha
Transforming Growth Factor alpha: An EPIDERMAL GROWTH FACTOR related protein that is found in a variety of tissues including EPITHELIUM, and maternal DECIDUA. It is synthesized as a transmembrane protein which can be cleaved to release a soluble active form which binds to the EGF RECEPTOR.		3.5520
cystobactamid 919-2
[no description available]		2.1510
cyclosporine
Cyclosporine: A cyclic undecapeptide from an extract of soil fungi. It is a powerful immunosupressant with a specific action on T-lymphocytes. It is used for the prophylaxis of graft rejection in organ and tissue transplantation. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed).		4.7871
flavin mononucleotide
Flavin Mononucleotide: A coenzyme for a number of oxidative enzymes including NADH DEHYDROGENASE. It is the principal form in which RIBOFLAVIN is found in cells and tissues.		7.81322
silybin
Silybin: The major active component of silymarin flavonoids extracted from seeds of the MILK THISTLE, Silybum marianum; it is used in the treatment of HEPATITIS; LIVER CIRRHOSIS; and CHEMICAL AND DRUG INDUCED LIVER INJURY, and has antineoplastic activity; silybins A and B are diastereomers.		3.1310
cytochalasin d
Cytochalasin D: A fungal metabolite that blocks cytoplasmic cleavage by blocking formation of contractile microfilament structures resulting in multinucleated cell formation, reversible inhibition of cell movement, and the induction of cellular extrusion. Additional reported effects include the inhibition of actin polymerization, DNA synthesis, sperm motility, glucose transport, thyroid secretion, and growth hormone release.. cytochalasin D : An organic heterotricyclic compound that is a mycotoxin produced by Helminthosporium and other moulds which is cell permeable and a potent inhibitor of actin polymerisation and DNA synthesis.		2.6830
peptide yy
Peptide YY: A 36-amino acid peptide produced by the L cells of the distal small intestine and colon. Peptide YY inhibits gastric and pancreatic secretion.. peptide YY : A 36-membered human gut polypeptide consisting of Tyr, Pro, Ile, Lys, Pro, Glu, Ala, Pro, Gly, Glu, Asp, Ala, Ser, Pro, Glu, Glu, Leu, Asn, Arg, Tyr, Tyr, Ala, Ser, Leu, Arg, His, Tyr, Leu, Asn, Leu, Val, Thr, Arg, Gln, Arg and Tyr-NH2 residues joined in sequence.		3.0340
lactoferrin
Lactoferrin: An iron-binding protein that was originally characterized as a milk protein. It is widely distributed in secretory fluids and is found in the neutrophilic granules of LEUKOCYTES. The N-terminal part of lactoferrin possesses a serine protease which functions to inactivate the TYPE III SECRETION SYSTEM used by bacteria to export virulence proteins for host cell invasion.		4.8360
factor f430
factor F430: low mol wt nickel-containing cpd from Methanobacterium. coenzyme F430 : A nickel tetrapyrrole found only in methanogenic Archaea. It is the prosthetic group of the enzyme methyl coenzyme M reductase which catalyses the release of methane in the final step of methanogenesis.		3.7930
digitonin
Digitonin: A glycoside obtained from Digitalis purpurea; the aglycone is digitogenin which is bound to five sugars. Digitonin solubilizes lipids, especially in membranes and is used as a tool in cellular biochemistry, and reagent for precipitating cholesterol. It has no cardiac effects.. digitonin : A spirostanyl glycoside that is digitogenin in which the 3-hydroxy group is substituted by a beta-D-glucopyranosyl-(1->3)-beta-D-galactopyranosyl-(1->2)-[beta-D-xylopyranosyl-(1->3)]-beta-D-glucopyranosyl-(1->4)-beta-D-galactopyranosyl group. It is a steroidal saponin isolated from the foxglove plant, Digitalis purpurea. It is used extensively as a mild non-ionic detergent for extracting proteins from membranes for structure and function studies.		1.9510
phenylbutazone, propyphenazone drug combination
phenylbutazone, propyphenazone drug combination: RN given refers to combination of aminopyrine and phenylbutazone		1.9310
2',5'-dideoxyadenosylcobalamin
2',5'-dideoxyadenosylcobalamin: structure given in first source		3.0950
orabase
Orabase: used in therapy of oral mucosal ulcers		1.9510
thromboplastin
Thromboplastin: Constituent composed of protein and phospholipid that is widely distributed in many tissues. It serves as a cofactor with factor VIIa to activate factor X in the extrinsic pathway of blood coagulation.		3.9130
muramidase
Muramidase: A basic enzyme that is present in saliva, tears, egg white, and many animal fluids. It functions as an antibacterial agent. The enzyme catalyzes the hydrolysis of 1,4-beta-linkages between N-acetylmuramic acid and N-acetyl-D-glucosamine residues in peptidoglycan and between N-acetyl-D-glucosamine residues in chitodextrin. EC 3.2.1.17.		7.67460
scleroglucan
[no description available]		2.9440oligosaccharide
amyloid beta-peptides
amyloid beta-protein (1-40): although acutely neurotoxic in both rat & monkey cerebral cortex, neuronal degeneration in primates resembles more closely to that found in Alzheimer's disease; amino acid sequence has been determined		4.1331
exudates
Malaysia: A parliamentary democracy with a constitutional monarch in southeast Asia, consisting of 11 states (West Malaysia) on the Malay Peninsula and two states (East Malaysia) on the island of BORNEO. It is also called the Federation of Malaysia. Its capital is Kuala Lumpur. Before 1963 it was the Union of Malaya. It reorganized in 1948 as the Federation of Malaya, becoming independent from British Malaya in 1957 and becoming Malaysia in 1963 as a federation of Malaya, Sabah, Sarawak, and Singapore (which seceded in 1965). The form Malay- probably derives from the Tamil malay, mountain, with reference to its geography. (From Webster's New Geographical Dictionary, 1988, p715 & Room, Brewer's Dictionary of Names, 1992, p329)		3.69100
technetium tc 99m dimercaptosuccinic acid
Technetium Tc 99m Dimercaptosuccinic Acid: A nontoxic radiopharmaceutical that is used in the diagnostic imaging of the renal cortex.		3.0610
factor a
factor A: structure in first source		5.16490
acyclovir
Acyclovir: A GUANOSINE analog that acts as an antimetabolite. Viruses are especially susceptible. Used especially against herpes.. acyclovir : An oxopurine that is guanine substituted by a (2-hydroxyethoxy)methyl substituent at position 9. Used in the treatment of viral infections.		6.67922-aminopurines;
oxopurine		antimetabolite;
antiviral drug
levoleucovorin
Levoleucovorin: A folate analog consisting of the pharmacologically active isomer of LEUCOVORIN.. (6S)-5-formyltetrahydrofolic acid : The pharmacologically active (6S)-stereoisomer of 5-formyltetrahydrofolic acid.		11.078585-formyltetrahydrofolic acidantineoplastic agent;
metabolite
cyclic gmp
Cyclic GMP: Guanosine cyclic 3',5'-(hydrogen phosphate). A guanine nucleotide containing one phosphate group which is esterified to the sugar moiety in both the 3'- and 5'-positions. It is a cellular regulatory agent and has been described as a second messenger. Its levels increase in response to a variety of hormones, including acetylcholine, insulin, and oxytocin and it has been found to activate specific protein kinases. (From Merck Index, 11th ed). 3',5'-cyclic GMP : A 3',5'-cyclic purine nucleotide in which the purine nucleobase is specified as guanidine.		1.96103',5'-cyclic purine nucleotide;
guanyl ribonucleotide		Escherichia coli metabolite;
human metabolite;
mouse metabolite;
plant metabolite;
Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite
deoxyguanosine
[no description available]		3.1550purine 2'-deoxyribonucleoside;
purines 2'-deoxy-D-ribonucleoside		Escherichia coli metabolite;
human metabolite;
mouse metabolite;
Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite
guanosine diphosphate
Guanosine Diphosphate: A guanine nucleotide containing two phosphate groups esterified to the sugar moiety.		2.8840guanosine 5'-phosphate;
purine ribonucleoside 5'-diphosphate		Escherichia coli metabolite;
mouse metabolite;
uncoupling protein inhibitor
guanosine triphosphate
Guanosine Triphosphate: Guanosine 5'-(tetrahydrogen triphosphate). A guanine nucleotide containing three phosphate groups esterified to the sugar moiety.		3.0850guanosine 5'-phosphate;
purine ribonucleoside 5'-triphosphate		Escherichia coli metabolite;
mouse metabolite;
uncoupling protein inhibitor
guanine
[no description available]		14.3652182-aminopurines;
oxopurine;
purine nucleobase		algal metabolite;
Escherichia coli metabolite;
human metabolite;
mouse metabolite;
Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite
guanosine
ribonucleoside : Any nucleoside where the sugar component is D-ribose.		7.6430guanosines;
purines D-ribonucleoside		fundamental metabolite
hypoxanthine
[no description available]		2.6630nucleobase analogue;
oxopurine;
purine nucleobase		fundamental metabolite
inosinic acid
Inosine Monophosphate: Inosine 5'-Monophosphate. A purine nucleotide which has hypoxanthine as the base and one phosphate group esterified to the sugar moiety.		2.1310inosine phosphate;
purine ribonucleoside 5'-monophosphate		Escherichia coli metabolite;
human metabolite;
mouse metabolite
inosine
[no description available]		3.260inosines;
purines D-ribonucleoside		Escherichia coli metabolite;
human metabolite;
mouse metabolite;
Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite
1-methyladenine
1-methyladenine : Adenine substituted with a methyl group at position N-1.		1.9410
sapropterin
sapropterin: RN given refers to parent cpd; co-factor required for catalytic activity of nitric oxide synthases. (6R)-5,6,7,8-tetrahydrobiopterin : A 5,6,7,8-tetrahydrobiopterin in which the stereocentre at position 6 has R-configuration.. sapropterin : A tetrahydropterin that is 2-amino-5,6,7,8-tetrahydropteridin-4(3H)-one in which a hydrogen at position 6 is substituted by a 1,2-dihydroxypropyl group (6R,1'R,2'S-enantiomer).		2.91405,6,7,8-tetrahydrobiopterincoenzyme;
cofactor;
diagnostic agent;
human metabolite
folic acid
folcysteine: used to promote fertility in chickens. vitamin B9 : Any B-vitamin that exhibits biological activity against vitamin B9 deficiency. Vitamin B9 refers to the many forms of folic acid and its derivatives, including tetrahydrofolic acid (the active form), methyltetrahydrofolate (the primary form found in blood), methenyltetrahydrofolate, folinic acid amongst others. They are present in abundance in green leafy vegetables, citrus fruits, and animal products. Lack of vitamin B9 leads to anemia, a condition in which the body cannot produce sufficient number of red blood cells. Symptoms of vitamin B9 deficiency include fatigue, muscle weakness, and pale skin.		30.625,926601folic acids;
N-acyl-amino acid		human metabolite;
mouse metabolite;
nutrient
viomycin
[no description available]		1.9410heterodetic cyclic peptide;
peptide antibiotic		antitubercular agent
5-methyl-5,6,7,8-tetrahydro-methanopterin
[no description available]		2.6830tetrahydromethanopterin
pheophytin a
pheophytin a: structure given in first source; RN given refers to (3S-(3alpha(2E,7S*,11S*),4beta,21beta))-isomer		3.3460
neopterin
[no description available]		6.76122
rifampin
Rifampin: A semisynthetic antibiotic produced from Streptomyces mediterranei. It has a broad antibacterial spectrum, including activity against several forms of Mycobacterium. In susceptible organisms it inhibits DNA-dependent RNA polymerase activity by forming a stable complex with the enzyme. It thus suppresses the initiation of RNA synthesis. Rifampin is bactericidal, and acts on both intracellular and extracellular organisms. (From Gilman et al., Goodman and Gilman's The Pharmacological Basis of Therapeutics, 9th ed, p1160)		3.0650cyclic ketal;
hydrazone;
N-iminopiperazine;
N-methylpiperazine;
rifamycins;
semisynthetic derivative;
zwitterion		angiogenesis inhibitor;
antiamoebic agent;
antineoplastic agent;
antitubercular agent;
DNA synthesis inhibitor;
EC 2.7.7.6 (RNA polymerase) inhibitor;
Escherichia coli metabolite;
geroprotector;
leprostatic drug;
neuroprotective agent;
pregnane X receptor agonist;
protein synthesis inhibitor
dacarbazine
(E)-dacarbazine : A dacarbazine in which the N=N double bond adopts a trans-configuration.		2.0810dacarbazine
didanosine
Didanosine: A dideoxynucleoside compound in which the 3'-hydroxy group on the sugar moiety has been replaced by a hydrogen. This modification prevents the formation of phosphodiester linkages which are needed for the completion of nucleic acid chains. Didanosine is a potent inhibitor of HIV replication, acting as a chain-terminator of viral DNA by binding to reverse transcriptase; ddI is then metabolized to dideoxyadenosine triphosphate, its putative active metabolite.. didanosine : A purine 2',3'-dideoxyribonucleoside that is inosine in which the hydroxy groups at both the 2' and the 3' positions on the sugar moiety have been replaced by hydrogen. An antiviral drug, it is used as a medication to treat HIV/AIDS.		2.0110purine 2',3'-dideoxyribonucleosideantimetabolite;
antiviral drug;
EC 2.4.2.1 (purine-nucleoside phosphorylase) inhibitor;
geroprotector;
HIV-1 reverse transcriptase inhibitor
valacyclovir
Valacyclovir: A prodrug of acyclovir that is used in the treatment of HERPES ZOSTER and HERPES SIMPLEX VIRUS INFECTION of the skin and mucous membranes, including GENITAL HERPES.		2.4420L-valyl esterantiviral drug
olanzapine
Olanzapine: A benzodiazepine derivative that binds SEROTONIN RECEPTORS; MUSCARINIC RECEPTORS; HISTAMINE H1 RECEPTORS; ADRENERGIC ALPHA-1 RECEPTORS; and DOPAMINE RECEPTORS. It is an antipsychotic agent used in the treatment of SCHIZOPHRENIA; BIPOLAR DISORDER; and MAJOR DEPRESSIVE DISORDER; it may also reduce nausea and vomiting in patients undergoing chemotherapy.. olanzapine : A benzodiazepine that is 10H-thieno[2,3-b][1,5]benzodiazepine substituted by a methyl group at position 2 and a 4-methylpiperazin-1-yl group at position 4.		2.830benzodiazepine;
N-arylpiperazine;
N-methylpiperazine		antiemetic;
dopaminergic antagonist;
histamine antagonist;
muscarinic antagonist;
second generation antipsychotic;
serotonergic antagonist;
serotonin uptake inhibitor
5,10-methylenetetrahydrofolic acid
5,10-methylenetetrahydrofolic acid: RN refers to parent cpd(L-Glu)-isomer		5.9981benzamides;
methylenetetrahydrofolic acid
allopurinol
Allopurinol: A XANTHINE OXIDASE inhibitor that decreases URIC ACID production. It also acts as an antimetabolite on some simpler organisms.. allopurinol : A bicyclic structure comprising a pyrazole ring fused to a hydroxy-substituted pyrimidine ring.		4.2960nucleobase analogue;
organic heterobicyclic compound		antimetabolite;
EC 1.17.3.2 (xanthine oxidase) inhibitor;
gout suppressant;
radical scavenger
2,2'-(hydroxynitrosohydrazono)bis-ethanamine
2,2'-(hydroxynitrosohydrazono)bis-ethanamine: a nitric oxide (NO) generating compound. 1,1-bis(2-aminoethyl)-2-hydroxy-3-oxotriazane : A nitroso compound that is triazane in which the the nitrogen at position 1 is substituted by two 2-aminoethyl groups, that at position 2 is substituted by a hydroxy group, and that at position 3 is substituted by an oxo group.		2.0510
azaguanine
Azaguanine: One of the early purine analogs showing antineoplastic activity. It functions as an antimetabolite and is easily incorporated into ribonucleic acids.. 8-azaguanine : A triazolopyrimidine that consists of 3,6-dihydro-7H-[1,2,3]triazolo[4,5-d]pyrimidine bearing amino and oxo substituents at positions 5 and 7 respectively.		3.9640nucleobase analogue;
triazolopyrimidines		antimetabolite;
antineoplastic agent;
EC 2.4.2.1 (purine-nucleoside phosphorylase) inhibitor
guanylyl imidodiphosphate
Guanylyl Imidodiphosphate: A non-hydrolyzable analog of GTP, in which the oxygen atom bridging the beta to the gamma phosphate is replaced by a nitrogen atom. It binds tightly to G-protein in the presence of Mg2+. The nucleotide is a potent stimulator of ADENYLYL CYCLASES.. guanosine 5'-[beta,gamma-imido]triphosphate : A nucleoside triphosphate analogue that is GTP in which the oxygen atom bridging the beta- to the gamma- phosphate is replaced by a nitrogen atom A non-hydrolyzable analog of GTP, it binds tightly to G-protein in the presence of Mg(2+).		1.9810nucleoside triphosphate analogue
5,10-methenyltetrahydrofolate
(6R)-5,10-methenyltetrahydrofolic acid : The 5,10-methenyl derivative of tetrahydrofolic acid arising from enzymatic cyclisation of 5-formyltetrahydrofolic acid.		3.5311methylenetetrahydrofolic acidEscherichia coli metabolite;
mouse metabolite
5,11-methenyltetrahydrohomofolate
[no description available]		2.4320
pemetrexed
pemetrexed disodium : An organic sodium salt that is the disodium salt of N-{4-[2-(2-amino-4-oxo-4,7-dihydro-1H-pyrrolo[2,3-d]pyrimidin-5-yl)ethyl]benzoyl}-L-glutamic acid. Inhibits thymidylate synthase (TS), 421 dihydrofolate reductase (DHFR), and glycinamide ribonucleotide formyltransferase (GARFT).		14.764823N-acyl-L-glutamic acid;
pyrrolopyrimidine		antimetabolite;
antineoplastic agent;
EC 1.5.1.3 (dihydrofolate reductase) inhibitor;
EC 2.1.1.45 (thymidylate synthase) inhibitor;
EC 2.1.2.2 (phosphoribosylglycinamide formyltransferase) inhibitor
sildenafil citrate
Sildenafil Citrate: A PHOSPHODIESTERASE TYPE-5 INHIBITOR; VASODILATOR AGENT and UROLOGICAL AGENT that is used in the treatment of ERECTILE DYSFUNCTION and PRIMARY PULMONARY HYPERTENSION.. sildenafil citrate : The citrate salt of sildenafil.		2.0210citrate saltEC 3.1.4.35 (3',5'-cyclic-GMP phosphodiesterase) inhibitor;
vasodilator agent
5,6,7,8-tetrahydrofolic acid
5,6,7,8-tetrahydrofolic acid: RN given refers to (DL)-isomer		7.98171tetrahydrofolic acid
trypan blue
Trypan Blue: A diazo-naphthalene sulfonate that is widely used as a stain.. trypan blue : An organosulfonate salt that is the tetrasodium salt of 3,3'-[(3,3'-dimethylbiphenyl-4,4'-diyl)didiazene-2,1-diyl]bis(5-amino-4-hydroxynaphthalene-2,7-disulfonic acid).		2.4220
n(10)-methylfolate
[no description available]		4.2711folic acids
methylnitronitrosoguanidine
Methylnitronitrosoguanidine: A nitrosoguanidine derivative with potent mutagenic and carcinogenic properties.. N-methyl-N'-nitro-N-nitrosoguanidine : An N-nitroguanidine compound having nitroso and methyl substituents at the N'-position		2.6730nitroso compoundalkylating agent
8-hydroxy-2'-deoxyguanosine
8-Hydroxy-2'-Deoxyguanosine: Common oxidized form of deoxyguanosine in which C-8 position of guanine base has a carbonyl group.. 8-hydroxy-2'-deoxyguanosine : Guanosine substituted at the purine 8-position by a hydroxy group. It is used as a biomarker of oxidative DNA damage.		3.1550guanosinesbiomarker
amg531
[no description available]		2.1310
tetrahydropterin
[no description available]		1.9610
dipropylenetriamine-nonoate
[no description available]		2.0510
5-methyltetrahydrofolate
5-methyltetrahydrofolate : A group of heterocyclic compounds based on the 5-methyl-5,6,7,8-tetrahydropteroic acid skeleton conjugated with one or more L-glutamic acid or L-glutamate units.		13.56826
ninopterin
ninopterin: structure		1.9310
enng
[no description available]		2.0810
nucleoside q
Nucleoside Q: A modified nucleoside which is present in the first position of the anticodon of tRNA-tyrosine, tRNA-histidine, tRNA-asparagine and tRNA-aspartic acid of many organisms. It is believed to play a role in the regulatory function of tRNA. Nucleoside Q can be further modified to nucleoside Q*, which has a mannose or galactose moiety linked to position 4 of its cyclopentenediol moiety.. queuosine : A nucleoside found in tRNA that has an additional cyclopentenyl ring added via an NH group to the methyl group of 7-methyl-7-deazaguanosine. The cyclopentenyl ring may carry other substituents.		3.46707-deazaguanine ribonucleoside
methanopterin
methanopterin: isolated from Methanobacterium thermautotrophicum. methanopterin : A member of the class of methanopterins obtained by formal dehydrogenation at positions 5, 6, 7 and 8 of tetrahydromethanopterin. The parent of the class of methanopterins		2.3820methanopterins
pteropterin
[no description available]		2.3320
molybdenum cofactor
molybdenum cofactor: also see records for molybdopterin cytosine dinucleotide and molybdopterin guanine dinucleotide. MoO2-molybdopterin cofactor(2-) : An organophosphate oxoanion obtained by deprotonation of the phosphate OH groups of MoO2-molybdopterin cofactor.. MoO2-molybdopterin cofactor : An Mo-molybdopterin cofactor in which the coordinated molybdenum species is MoO2.		3.1310Mo-molybdopterin cofactor;
organophosphate oxoanion
nucleoside oq
nucleoside oQ: found in tRNA(Tyr) from E coli; structure given in first source. epoxyqueuosine : A 7-deazaguanine ribonucleoside obtained by formal epoxidation of the cyclohexene moiety of queuosine.		3.33607-deazaguanine ribonucleoside;
epoxide
tatiopterin
tatiopterin: structure given in first source; from Methanogenium tationis; carrier of C1 compounds in methanogenesis. tatiopterin : A pterin derivative that is an aspartyl derivative of sarcinapterin with a 7-proton instead of a 7-methyl group in the methanopterin moiety.		1.9810pterins
alcian blue
Alcian Blue: A copper-containing dye used as a gelling agent for lubricants, for staining of bacteria and for the dyeing of histiocytes and fibroblasts in vivo.		1.9810
nitritocobalamin
[no description available]		3.89110
lipoteichoic acid
lipoteichoic acid: lipopolysaccharides with an acyl group anchored to the cell membrane of gram-positive bacteria; functions as an adhesion molecule to facilitate the binding of bacteria to cells, colonization, and invasion; interacts with CD14 to induce NF-κB activation and inflammatory cytokine production; can function as surface antigen; inhibits remineraliztion of artificial lesions and surface-softened enamels;. lipoteichoic acid : A teichoic acid which is covalently bound to a lipid.		2.0810
cholestyramine resin
Cholestyramine Resin: A strongly basic anion exchange resin whose main constituent is polystyrene trimethylbenzylammonium Cl(-) anion.		7.42161
eye
[no description available]		3.5790
pseudovitamin b12
[no description available]		5.47120
ferric carboxymaltose
ferric carboxymaltose: effective for treatment of postpartum anemia		6.2632
olitoriside
olitoriside: from Adonis mongolica Sim; RN given refers to (D-xylo)-isomer; see also erysimoside for (D-ribo)-isomer: 7082-34-0		1.9610
carbidopa
Carbidopa: An inhibitor of DOPA DECARBOXYLASE that prevents conversion of LEVODOPA to dopamine. It is used in PARKINSON DISEASE to reduce peripheral adverse effects of LEVODOPA. It has no anti-parkinson activity by itself.. carbidopa : The hydrate of 3-(3,4-dihydroxyphenyl)propanoic acid in which the hydrogens alpha- to the carboxyl group are substituted by hydrazinyl and methyl groups (S-configuration). Carbidopa is a dopa decarboxylase inhibitor, so prevents conversion of levodopa to dopamine. It has no antiparkinson activity by itself, but is used in the management of Parkinson's disease to reduce peripheral adverse effects of levodopa.		6.0541
concanavalin a
Concanavalin A: A MANNOSE/GLUCOSE binding lectin isolated from the jack bean (Canavalia ensiformis). It is a potent mitogen used to stimulate cell proliferation in lymphocytes, primarily T-lymphocyte, cultures.		6.25111
technetium tc 99m bicisate
[no description available]		2.1310
trypsinogen
Trypsinogen: The inactive proenzyme of trypsin secreted by the pancreas, activated in the duodenum via cleavage by enteropeptidase. (Stedman, 25th ed)		2.3520
metallothionein
Metallothionein: A low-molecular-weight (approx. 10 kD) protein occurring in the cytoplasm of kidney cortex and liver. It is rich in cysteinyl residues and contains no aromatic amino acids. Metallothionein shows high affinity for bivalent heavy metals.		3.8121
antimony sodium gluconate
Antimony Sodium Gluconate: Antimony complex where the metal may exist in either the pentavalent or trivalent states. The pentavalent gluconate is used in leishmaniasis. The trivalent gluconate is most frequently used in schistosomiasis.		2.0310
dinitrobenzenes
Dinitrobenzenes: Benzene derivatives which are substituted with two nitro groups in the ortho, meta or para positions.		2.0510
phosphorus radioisotopes
Phosphorus Radioisotopes: Unstable isotopes of phosphorus that decay or disintegrate emitting radiation. P atoms with atomic weights 28-34 except 31 are radioactive phosphorus isotopes.		2.8540
leptin
Leptin: A 16-kDa peptide hormone secreted from WHITE ADIPOCYTES. Leptin serves as a feedback signal from fat cells to the CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM in regulation of food intake, energy balance, and fat storage.		6.24121
phenanthrenes
Phenanthrenes: POLYCYCLIC AROMATIC HYDROCARBONS composed of three fused BENZENE rings.. phenanthrenes : Any benzenoid aromatic compound that consists of a phenanthrene skeleton and its substituted derivatives thereof.		2.4420
ConditionIndicatedRelationship StrengthStudiesTrials
Atherogenesis
[description not available]		011.63585
Delayed Effects, Prenatal Exposure
[description not available]		010.94502
Pregnancy
The status during which female mammals carry their developing young (EMBRYOS or FETUSES) in utero before birth, beginning from FERTILIZATION to BIRTH.		024.661,256102
Atherosclerosis
A thickening and loss of elasticity of the walls of ARTERIES that occurs with formation of ATHEROSCLEROTIC PLAQUES within the ARTERIAL INTIMA.		011.63585
Hyperhomocysteinemia
Condition in which the plasma levels of homocysteine and related metabolites are elevated (		022.71742114
Blood Pressure, High
[description not available]		011.79989
Hypertension
Persistently high systemic arterial BLOOD PRESSURE. Based on multiple readings (BLOOD PRESSURE DETERMINATION), hypertension is currently defined as when SYSTOLIC PRESSURE is consistently greater than 140 mm Hg or when DIASTOLIC PRESSURE is consistently 90 mm Hg or more.		011.79989
Chronic Kidney Failure
[description not available]		022.4216633
Kidney Failure, Chronic
The end-stage of CHRONIC RENAL INSUFFICIENCY. It is characterized by the severe irreversible kidney damage (as measured by the level of PROTEINURIA) and the reduction in GLOMERULAR FILTRATION RATE to less than 15 ml per min (Kidney Foundation: Kidney Disease Outcome Quality Initiative, 2002). These patients generally require HEMODIALYSIS or KIDNEY TRANSPLANTATION.		017.4216633
Deficiency, Vitamin B 12
[description not available]		028.053,420199
Vitamin B 12 Deficiency
A nutritional condition produced by a deficiency of VITAMIN B 12 in the diet, characterized by megaloblastic anemia. Since vitamin B 12 is not present in plants, humans have obtained their supply from animal products, from multivitamin supplements in the form of pills, and as additives to food preparations. A wide variety of neuropsychiatric abnormalities is also seen in vitamin B 12 deficiency and appears to be due to an undefined defect involving myelin synthesis. (From Cecil Textbook of Medicine, 19th ed, p848)		028.053,420199
Cancer of Esophagus
[description not available]		06.94152
Alcohol Drinking
Behaviors associated with the ingesting of ALCOHOLIC BEVERAGES, including social drinking.		011.79836
Esophageal Neoplasms
Tumors or cancer of the ESOPHAGUS.		06.94152
2019 Novel Coronavirus Disease
[description not available]		07.45220
Age-Related Macular Degeneration
[description not available]		011.02206
Macular Degeneration
Degenerative changes in the RETINA usually of older adults which results in a loss of vision in the center of the visual field (the MACULA LUTEA) because of damage to the retina. It occurs in dry and wet forms.		011.02206
Retinal Diseases
Diseases involving the RETINA.		03.82120
Impotence
[description not available]		03.3870
Erectile Dysfunction
The inability in the male to have a PENILE ERECTION due to psychological or organ dysfunction.		03.3870
Addison's Anemia
[description not available]		020.331,76316
Amino Acid Metabolism Disorders, Inborn
[description not available]		013.081852
CBS Deficiency
[description not available]		011.011670
Pulmonary Hypertension
[description not available]		03.1650
Homocystinuria
Autosomal recessive inborn error of methionine metabolism usually caused by a deficiency of CYSTATHIONINE BETA-SYNTHASE and associated with elevations of homocysteine in plasma and urine. Clinical features include a tall slender habitus, SCOLIOSIS, arachnodactyly, MUSCLE WEAKNESS, genu varus, thin blond hair, malar flush, lens dislocations, an increased incidence of MENTAL RETARDATION, and a tendency to develop fibrosis of arteries, frequently complicated by CEREBROVASCULAR ACCIDENTS and MYOCARDIAL INFARCTION. (From Adams et al., Principles of Neurology, 6th ed, p979)		011.011670
Hypertension, Pulmonary
Increased VASCULAR RESISTANCE in the PULMONARY CIRCULATION, usually secondary to HEART DISEASES or LUNG DISEASES.		03.1650
Deep Vein Thrombosis
[description not available]		011.22296
Brain Thrombosis
[description not available]		06.07101
Venous Thrombosis
The formation or presence of a blood clot (THROMBUS) within a vein.		011.22296
Autism
[description not available]		09.98281
Autistic Disorder
A disorder beginning in childhood. It is marked by the presence of markedly abnormal or impaired development in social interaction and communication and a markedly restricted repertoire of activity and interest. Manifestations of the disorder vary greatly depending on the developmental level and chronological age of the individual. (DSM-V)		09.98281
MS (Multiple Sclerosis)
[description not available]		012.22784
Multiple Sclerosis
An autoimmune disorder mainly affecting young adults and characterized by destruction of myelin in the central nervous system. Pathologic findings include multiple sharply demarcated areas of demyelination throughout the white matter of the central nervous system. Clinical manifestations include visual loss, extra-ocular movement disorders, paresthesias, loss of sensation, weakness, dysarthria, spasticity, ataxia, and bladder dysfunction. The usual pattern is one of recurrent attacks followed by partial recovery (see MULTIPLE SCLEROSIS, RELAPSING-REMITTING), but acute fulminating and chronic progressive forms (see MULTIPLE SCLEROSIS, CHRONIC PROGRESSIVE) also occur. (Adams et al., Principles of Neurology, 6th ed, p903)		017.22784
Cancer of Stomach
[description not available]		011.331114
Stomach Neoplasms
Tumors or cancer of the STOMACH.		011.331114
Cognitive Decline
[description not available]		014.589014
Deficiency, Folic Acid
[description not available]		023.7897276
Folic Acid Deficiency
A nutritional condition produced by a deficiency of FOLIC ACID in the diet. Many plant and animal tissues contain folic acid, abundant in green leafy vegetables, yeast, liver, and mushrooms but destroyed by long-term cooking. Alcohol interferes with its intermediate metabolism and absorption. Folic acid deficiency may develop in long-term anticonvulsant therapy or with use of oral contraceptives. This deficiency causes anemia, macrocytic anemia, and megaloblastic anemia. It is indistinguishable from vitamin B 12 deficiency in peripheral blood and bone marrow findings, but the neurologic lesions seen in B 12 deficiency do not occur. (Merck Manual, 16th ed)		023.7897276
Cognitive Dysfunction
Diminished or impaired mental and/or intellectual function.		014.589014
Thrombotic Microangiopathies
Diseases that result in THROMBOSIS in MICROVASCULATURE. The two most prominent diseases are PURPURA, THROMBOTIC THROMBOCYTOPENIC; and HEMOLYTIC-UREMIC SYNDROME. Multiple etiological factors include VASCULAR ENDOTHELIAL CELL damage due to SHIGA TOXIN; FACTOR H deficiency; and aberrant VON WILLEBRAND FACTOR formation.		05.25150
Dry Eye
[description not available]		07.1884
Electrolytes
Substances that dissociate into two or more ions, to some extent, in water. Solutions of electrolytes thus conduct an electric current and can be decomposed by it (ELECTROLYSIS). (Grant & Hackh's Chemical Dictionary, 5th ed)		05.7200
Menopause
The last menstrual period. Permanent cessation of menses (MENSTRUATION) is usually defined after 6 to 12 months of AMENORRHEA in a woman over 45 years of age. In the United States, menopause generally occurs in women between 48 and 55 years of age.		06.38150
Dry Eye Syndromes
Corneal and conjunctival dryness due to deficient tear production, predominantly in menopausal and post-menopausal women. Filamentary keratitis or erosion of the conjunctival and corneal epithelium may be caused by these disorders. Sensation of the presence of a foreign body in the eye and burning of the eyes may occur.		07.1884
Rheumatoid Arthritis
[description not available]		018.23799
Innate Inflammatory Response
[description not available]		016.898335
Arthritis, Rheumatoid
A chronic systemic disease, primarily of the joints, marked by inflammatory changes in the synovial membranes and articular structures, widespread fibrinoid degeneration of the collagen fibers in mesenchymal tissues, and by atrophy and rarefaction of bony structures. Etiology is unknown, but autoimmune mechanisms have been implicated.		013.23799
Cardiovascular Diseases
Pathological conditions involving the CARDIOVASCULAR SYSTEM including the HEART; the BLOOD VESSELS; or the PERICARDIUM.		021.2231759
Inflammation
A pathological process characterized by injury or destruction of tissues caused by a variety of cytologic and chemical reactions. It is usually manifested by typical signs of pain, heat, redness, swelling, and loss of function.		016.898335
Genetic Predisposition
[description not available]		013.431394
Abortion, Recurrent
[description not available]		05.14170
Autoimmune Disease
[description not available]		09.69851
Sterility, Female
[description not available]		05.68190
Deficiency, Vitamin D
[description not available]		012.66556
Abortion, Habitual
Three or more consecutive spontaneous abortions.		05.14170
Autoimmune Diseases
Disorders that are characterized by the production of antibodies that react with host tissues or immune effector cells that are autoreactive to endogenous peptides.		09.69851
Infertility, Female
Diminished or absent ability of a female to achieve conception.		05.68190
Vitamin D Deficiency
A nutritional condition produced by a deficiency of VITAMIN D in the diet, insufficient production of vitamin D in the skin, inadequate absorption of vitamin D from the diet, or abnormal conversion of vitamin D to its bioactive metabolites. It is manifested clinically as RICKETS in children and OSTEOMALACIA in adults. (From Cecil Textbook of Medicine, 19th ed, p1406)		012.66556
Insulin Sensitivity
[description not available]		012.08496
Diabetes Mellitus, Gestational
[description not available]		08.12271
Insulin Resistance
Diminished effectiveness of INSULIN in lowering blood sugar levels: requiring the use of 200 units or more of insulin per day to prevent HYPERGLYCEMIA or KETOSIS.		012.08496
Diabetes, Gestational
Diabetes mellitus induced by PREGNANCY but resolved at the end of pregnancy. It does not include previously diagnosed diabetics who become pregnant (PREGNANCY IN DIABETICS). Gestational diabetes usually develops in late pregnancy when insulin antagonistic hormones peaks leading to INSULIN RESISTANCE; GLUCOSE INTOLERANCE; and HYPERGLYCEMIA.		08.12271
Atrophy
Decrease in the size of a cell, tissue, organ, or multiple organs, associated with a variety of pathological conditions such as abnormal cellular changes, ischemia, malnutrition, or hormonal changes.		011.16972
Autoimmune Diabetes
[description not available]		010.61374
Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1
A subtype of DIABETES MELLITUS that is characterized by INSULIN deficiency. It is manifested by the sudden onset of severe HYPERGLYCEMIA, rapid progression to DIABETIC KETOACIDOSIS, and DEATH unless treated with insulin. The disease may occur at any age, but is most common in childhood or adolescence.		010.61374
Diabetes Mellitus, Adult-Onset
[description not available]		018.7319845
Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2
A subclass of DIABETES MELLITUS that is not INSULIN-responsive or dependent (NIDDM). It is characterized initially by INSULIN RESISTANCE and HYPERINSULINEMIA; and eventually by GLUCOSE INTOLERANCE; HYPERGLYCEMIA; and overt diabetes. Type II diabetes mellitus is no longer considered a disease exclusively found in adults. Patients seldom develop KETOSIS but often exhibit OBESITY.		018.7319845
Bone Fractures
[description not available]		011.96384
Fractures, Bone
Breaks in bones.		011.96384
Left Ventricular Dysfunction
[description not available]		02.4920
Anemias, Iron-Deficiency
[description not available]		016.814715
Cardiac Failure
[description not available]		07.16350
Anemia
A reduction in the number of circulating ERYTHROCYTES or in the quantity of HEMOGLOBIN.		020.871,45623
Heart Failure
A heterogeneous condition in which the heart is unable to pump out sufficient blood to meet the metabolic need of the body. Heart failure can be caused by structural defects, functional abnormalities (VENTRICULAR DYSFUNCTION), or a sudden overload beyond its capacity. Chronic heart failure is more common than acute heart failure which results from sudden insult to cardiac function, such as MYOCARDIAL INFARCTION.		07.16350
Ventricular Dysfunction, Left
A condition in which the LEFT VENTRICLE of the heart was functionally impaired. This condition usually leads to HEART FAILURE; MYOCARDIAL INFARCTION; and other cardiovascular complications. Diagnosis is made by measuring the diminished ejection fraction and a depressed level of motility of the left ventricular wall.		02.4920
Anemia, Iron-Deficiency
Anemia characterized by decreased or absent iron stores, low serum iron concentration, low transferrin saturation, and low hemoglobin concentration or hematocrit value. The erythrocytes are hypochromic and microcytic and the iron binding capacity is increased.		016.814715
Sterility, Male
[description not available]		06.57191
Infertility, Male
The inability of the male to effect FERTILIZATION of an OVUM after a specified period of unprotected intercourse. Male sterility is permanent infertility.		06.57191
Anemia, Megaloblastic
A disorder characterized by the presence of ANEMIA, abnormally large red blood cells (megalocytes or macrocytes), and MEGALOBLASTS.		016.165215
Orphan Diseases
Rare diseases that have not been well studied.		04.8170
Inborn Errors of Metabolism
[description not available]		012.061851
Metabolism, Inborn Errors
Errors in metabolic processes resulting from inborn genetic mutations that are inherited or acquired in utero.		012.061851
Malnourishment
[description not available]		011.59566
Malnutrition
An imbalanced nutritional status resulting from insufficient intake of nutrients to meet normal physiological requirement.		011.59566
Retinal Degeneration
A retrogressive pathological change in the retina, focal or generalized, caused by genetic defects, inflammation, trauma, vascular disease, or aging. Degeneration affecting predominantly the macula lutea of the retina is MACULAR DEGENERATION. (Newell, Ophthalmology: Principles and Concepts, 7th ed, p304)		05.8991
Disease Models, Animal
Naturally-occurring or experimentally-induced animal diseases with pathological processes analogous to human diseases.		013.061131
Kidney Diseases
Pathological processes of the KIDNEY or its component tissues.		012.01715
Idiopathic Parkinson Disease
[description not available]		014.247512
Peripheral Nerve Diseases
[description not available]		015.8114513
Parkinson Disease
A progressive, degenerative neurologic disease characterized by a TREMOR that is maximal at rest, retropulsion (i.e. a tendency to fall backwards), rigidity, stooped posture, slowness of voluntary movements, and a masklike facial expression. Pathologic features include loss of melanin containing neurons in the substantia nigra and other pigmented nuclei of the brainstem. LEWY BODIES are present in the substantia nigra and locus coeruleus but may also be found in a related condition (LEWY BODY DISEASE, DIFFUSE) characterized by dementia in combination with varying degrees of parkinsonism. (Adams et al., Principles of Neurology, 6th ed, p1059, pp1067-75)		014.247512
Peripheral Nervous System Diseases
Diseases of the peripheral nerves external to the brain and spinal cord, which includes diseases of the nerve roots, ganglia, plexi, autonomic nerves, sensory nerves, and motor nerves.		015.8114513
Morbid Obesity
[description not available]		013.13661
Obesity, Morbid
The condition of weighing two, three, or more times the ideal weight, so called because it is associated with many serious and life-threatening disorders. In the BODY MASS INDEX, morbid obesity is defined as having a BMI greater than 40.0 kg/m2.		013.13661
Polyneuropathy, Acquired
[description not available]		010.13452
Polyneuropathies
Diseases of multiple peripheral nerves simultaneously. Polyneuropathies usually are characterized by symmetrical, bilateral distal motor and sensory impairment with a graded increase in severity distally. The pathological processes affecting peripheral nerves include degeneration of the axon, myelin or both. The various forms of polyneuropathy are categorized by the type of nerve affected (e.g., sensory, motor, or autonomic), by the distribution of nerve injury (e.g., distal vs. proximal), by nerve component primarily affected (e.g., demyelinating vs. axonal), by etiology, or by pattern of inheritance.		010.13452
Depression
Depressive states usually of moderate intensity in contrast with MAJOR DEPRESSIVE DISORDER present in neurotic and psychotic disorders.		015.3410214
Idiopathic Inflammatory Myopathies
[description not available]		03.3120
Human Trichinellosis
[description not available]		02.3110
Myositis
Inflammation of a muscle or muscle tissue.		03.3120
Trichinellosis
An infection with TRICHINELLA. It is caused by eating raw or undercooked meat that is infected with larvae of nematode worms TRICHINELLA genus. All members of the TRICHINELLA genus can infect human in addition to TRICHINELLA SPIRALIS, the traditional etiological agent. It is distributed throughout much of the world and is re-emerging in some parts as a public health hazard and a food safety problem.		02.3110
Incontinentia Pigmenti Achromians
[description not available]		04.21180
Ataxia
Impairment of the ability to perform smoothly coordinated voluntary movements. This condition may affect the limbs, trunk, eyes, pharynx, larynx, and other structures. Ataxia may result from impaired sensory or motor function. Sensory ataxia may result from posterior column injury or PERIPHERAL NERVE DISEASES. Motor ataxia may be associated with CEREBELLAR DISEASES; CEREBRAL CORTEX diseases; THALAMIC DISEASES; BASAL GANGLIA DISEASES; injury to the RED NUCLEUS; and other conditions.		09.32312
Diathesis
[description not available]		05.96140
Disbacteriosis
[description not available]		04.6730
Acute Ischemic Stroke
[description not available]		05.3280
Ischemic Stroke
Stroke due to BRAIN ISCHEMIA resulting in interruption or reduction of blood flow to a part of the brain. When obstruction is due to a BLOOD CLOT formed within in a cerebral blood vessel it is a thrombotic stroke. When obstruction is formed elsewhere and moved to block a cerebral blood vessel (see CEREBRAL EMBOLISM) it is referred to as embolic stroke. Wake-up stroke refers to ischemic stroke occurring during sleep while cryptogenic stroke refers to ischemic stroke of unknown origin.		05.3280
Critical Illness
A disease or state in which death is possible or imminent.		06.86101
Malabsorption Syndromes
General term for a group of MALNUTRITION syndromes caused by failure of normal INTESTINAL ABSORPTION of nutrients.		017.374989
Proteinuria
The presence of proteins in the urine, an indicator of KIDNEY DISEASES.		09.58760
Acute Kidney Failure
[description not available]		05150
Acute Kidney Injury
Abrupt reduction in kidney function. Acute kidney injury encompasses the entire spectrum of the syndrome including acute kidney failure; ACUTE KIDNEY TUBULAR NECROSIS; and other less severe conditions.		05150
Neuropathy, Subacute Combined Degeneration
[description not available]		09.74860
Asymmetric Diabetic Proximal Motor Neuropathy
[description not available]		015.9710723
Diabetic Neuropathies
Peripheral, autonomic, and cranial nerve disorders that are associated with DIABETES MELLITUS. These conditions usually result from diabetic microvascular injury involving small blood vessels that supply nerves (VASA NERVORUM). Relatively common conditions which may be associated with diabetic neuropathy include third nerve palsy (see OCULOMOTOR NERVE DISEASES); MONONEUROPATHY; mononeuropathy multiplex; diabetic amyotrophy; a painful POLYNEUROPATHY; autonomic neuropathy; and thoracoabdominal neuropathy. (From Adams et al., Principles of Neurology, 6th ed, p1325)		015.9710723
Bacterial Disease
[description not available]		07.5171
Fungal Diseases
[description not available]		02.6320
Primary Peritonitis
[description not available]		04.2641
Bacterial Infections
Infections by bacteria, general or unspecified.		07.5171
Mycoses
Diseases caused by FUNGI.		02.6320
Peritonitis
INFLAMMATION of the PERITONEUM lining the ABDOMINAL CAVITY as the result of infectious, autoimmune, or chemical processes. Primary peritonitis is due to infection of the PERITONEAL CAVITY via hematogenous or lymphatic spread and without intra-abdominal source. Secondary peritonitis arises from the ABDOMINAL CAVITY itself through RUPTURE or ABSCESS of intra-abdominal organs.		04.2641
Complications of Diabetes Mellitus
[description not available]		08.75443
Anterior Choroidal Artery Infarction
[description not available]		05.98142
Cerebral Infarction
The formation of an area of NECROSIS in the CEREBRUM caused by an insufficiency of arterial or venous blood flow. Infarcts of the cerebrum are generally classified by hemisphere (i.e., left vs. right), lobe (e.g., frontal lobe infarction), arterial distribution (e.g., INFARCTION, ANTERIOR CEREBRAL ARTERY), and etiology (e.g., embolic infarction).		05.98142
Diabetes Mellitus
A heterogeneous group of disorders characterized by HYPERGLYCEMIA and GLUCOSE INTOLERANCE.		016.3612818
Birth Weight
The mass or quantity of heaviness of an individual at BIRTH. It is expressed by units of pounds or kilograms.		017.97674
Bowel Diseases, Inflammatory
[description not available]		010.56401
Inflammatory Bowel Diseases
Chronic, non-specific inflammation of the GASTROINTESTINAL TRACT. Etiology may be genetic or environmental. This term includes CROHN DISEASE and ULCERATIVE COLITIS.		010.56401
Aldosteronism
[description not available]		02.4320
Masked Hypertension
Phenomenon where increased BLOOD PRESSURE readings taken in non-clinical settings (e.g., HOME BLOOD PRESSURE MONITORING) do not replicate in clinical settings.		02.4110
Hyperaldosteronism
A condition caused by the overproduction of ALDOSTERONE. It is characterized by sodium retention and potassium excretion with resultant HYPERTENSION and HYPOKALEMIA.		02.4320
Dyslipidemia
[description not available]		05.9122
Dyslipidemias
Abnormalities in the serum levels of LIPIDS, including overproduction or deficiency. Abnormal serum lipid profiles may include high total CHOLESTEROL, high TRIGLYCERIDES, low HIGH DENSITY LIPOPROTEIN CHOLESTEROL, and elevated LOW DENSITY LIPOPROTEIN CHOLESTEROL.		05.9122
Atypical Hemolytic-Uremic Syndrome
[description not available]		04.6650
Atypical Hemolytic Uremic Syndrome
An hereditary hemolytic uremic syndrome associated with variations in the gene that encodes COMPLEMENT FACTOR H, or the related proteins CFHR1 and CFHR3. Disease often progresses to CHRONIC KIDNEY FAILURE without the prodromal symptoms of ENTEROCOLITIS and DIARRHEA that characterize typical hemolytic uremic syndrome.		04.6650
Acute Confusional Senile Dementia
[description not available]		01718316
Alzheimer Disease
A degenerative disease of the BRAIN characterized by the insidious onset of DEMENTIA. Impairment of MEMORY, judgment, attention span, and problem solving skills are followed by severe APRAXIAS and a global loss of cognitive abilities. The condition primarily occurs after age 60, and is marked pathologically by severe cortical atrophy and the triad of SENILE PLAQUES; NEUROFIBRILLARY TANGLES; and NEUROPIL THREADS. (From Adams et al., Principles of Neurology, 6th ed, pp1049-57)		02218316
Glossitis
Inflammation of the tongue.		06.38380
Microglossia
[description not available]		03.0650
Weight Gain
Increase in BODY WEIGHT over existing weight.		09.2364
Preterm Birth
[description not available]		09.72243
Premature Birth
CHILDBIRTH before 37 weeks of PREGNANCY (259 days from the first day of the mother's last menstrual period, or 245 days after FERTILIZATION).		09.72243
Diabetic Retinopathy
Disease of the RETINA as a complication of DIABETES MELLITUS. It is characterized by the progressive microvascular complications, such as ANEURYSM, interretinal EDEMA, and intraocular PATHOLOGIC NEOVASCULARIZATION.		09.71331
Post-Natal Depression
[description not available]		06.2480
Restless Leg Syndrome
[description not available]		05.1150
Restless Legs Syndrome
A disorder characterized by aching or burning sensations in the lower and rarely the upper extremities that occur prior to sleep or may awaken the patient from sleep.		05.1150
Depression, Postpartum
Depression in POSTPARTUM WOMEN, usually within four weeks after giving birth (PARTURITION). The degree of depression ranges from mild transient depression to neurotic or psychotic depressive disorders. (From DSM-IV, p386)		06.2480
Acute Edematous Pancreatitis
[description not available]		07.44291
Pancreatitis
INFLAMMATION of the PANCREAS. Pancreatitis is classified as acute unless there are computed tomographic or endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatographic findings of CHRONIC PANCREATITIS (International Symposium on Acute Pancreatitis, Atlanta, 1992). The two most common forms of acute pancreatitis are ALCOHOLIC PANCREATITIS and gallstone pancreatitis.		012.44291
Mouth Ulcer
[description not available]		02.7530
Ache
[description not available]		013.266410
Pain
An unpleasant sensation induced by noxious stimuli which are detected by NERVE ENDINGS of NOCICEPTIVE NEURONS.		013.266410
Ulcer
A lesion on the surface of the skin or a mucous surface, produced by the sloughing of inflammatory necrotic tissue.		09.2180
Oral Ulcer
A loss of mucous substance of the mouth showing local excavation of the surface, resulting from the sloughing of inflammatory necrotic tissue. It is the result of a variety of causes, e.g., denture irritation, aphthous stomatitis (STOMATITIS, APHTHOUS); NOMA; necrotizing gingivitis (GINGIVITIS, NECROTIZING ULCERATIVE); TOOTHBRUSHING; and various irritants. (From Jablonski, Dictionary of Dentistry, 1992, p842)		02.7530
Colonic Inertia
Symptom characterized by the passage of stool once a week or less.		04.4751
Complication, Postoperative
[description not available]		015.7215511
Constipation
Infrequent or difficult evacuation of FECES. These symptoms are associated with a variety of causes, including low DIETARY FIBER intake, emotional or nervous disturbances, systemic and structural disorders, drug-induced aggravation, and infections.		04.4751
Obesity
A status with BODY WEIGHT that is grossly above the recommended standards, usually due to accumulation of excess FATS in the body. The standards may vary with age, sex, genetic or cultural background. In the BODY MASS INDEX, a BMI greater than 30.0 kg/m2 is considered obese, and a BMI greater than 40.0 kg/m2 is considered morbidly obese (MORBID OBESITY).		016.3915814
Postoperative Complications
Pathologic processes that affect patients after a surgical procedure. They may or may not be related to the disease for which the surgery was done, and they may or may not be direct results of the surgery.		015.7215511
Gelineau Syndrome
[description not available]		02.4620
Narcolepsy
A condition characterized by recurrent episodes of daytime somnolence and lapses in consciousness (microsomnias) that may be associated with automatic behaviors and AMNESIA. CATAPLEXY; SLEEP PARALYSIS, and hypnagogic HALLUCINATIONS frequently accompany narcolepsy. The pathophysiology of this disorder includes sleep-onset rapid eye movement (REM) sleep, which normally follows stage III or IV sleep. (From Neurology 1998 Feb;50(2 Suppl 1):S2-S7)		02.4620
Hypermelanosis
[description not available]		04.45200
Hyperpigmentation
Excessive pigmentation of the skin, usually as a result of increased epidermal or dermal melanin pigmentation, hypermelanosis. Hyperpigmentation can be localized or generalized. The condition may arise from exposure to light, chemicals or other substances, or from a primary metabolic imbalance.		04.45200
Vascular Diseases
Pathological processes involving any of the BLOOD VESSELS in the cardiac or peripheral circulation. They include diseases of ARTERIES; VEINS; and rest of the vasculature system in the body.		014.05709
HPV Infection
[description not available]		05.53151
Cervix Dysplasia
[description not available]		06.14113
Cancer of Cervix
[description not available]		05.86231
Uterine Cervical Dysplasia
Abnormal development of immature squamous EPITHELIAL CELLS of the UTERINE CERVIX, a term used to describe premalignant cytological changes in the cervical EPITHELIUM. These atypical cells do not penetrate the epithelial BASEMENT MEMBRANE.		06.14113
Uterine Cervical Neoplasms
Tumors or cancer of the UTERINE CERVIX.		05.86231
Papillomavirus Infections
Neoplasms of the skin and mucous membranes caused by papillomaviruses. They are usually benign but some have a high risk for malignant progression.		05.53151
Myelopathy
[description not available]		010.751460
Spinal Cord Diseases
Pathologic conditions which feature SPINAL CORD damage or dysfunction, including disorders involving the meninges and perimeningeal spaces surrounding the spinal cord. Traumatic injuries, vascular diseases, infections, and inflammatory/autoimmune processes may affect the spinal cord.		010.751460
Hypervitaminosis A
A symptom complex resulting from ingesting excessive amounts of VITAMIN A.		02.4110
Long Sleeper Syndrome
[description not available]		010.18237
Sleep Wake Disorders
Abnormal sleep-wake schedule or pattern associated with the CIRCADIAN RHYTHM which affect the length, timing, and/or rigidity of the sleep-wake cycle relative to the day-night cycle.		010.18237
Overweight
A status with BODY WEIGHT that is above certain standards. In the scale of BODY MASS INDEX, overweight is defined as having a BMI of 25.0-29.9 kg/m2. Overweight may or may not be due to increases in body fat (ADIPOSE TISSUE), hence overweight does not equal over fat.		07.72292
Leanness
[description not available]		05.09101
Kahler Disease
[description not available]		07.73362
Multiple Myeloma
A malignancy of mature PLASMA CELLS engaging in monoclonal immunoglobulin production. It is characterized by hyperglobulinemia, excess Bence-Jones proteins (free monoclonal IMMUNOGLOBULIN LIGHT CHAINS) in the urine, skeletal destruction, bone pain, and fractures. Other features include ANEMIA; HYPERCALCEMIA; and RENAL INSUFFICIENCY.		07.73362
Lassitude
[description not available]		011.71388
Fatigue
The state of weariness following a period of exertion, mental or physical, characterized by a decreased capacity for work and reduced efficiency to respond to stimuli.		011.71388
Gastritis
Inflammation of the GASTRIC MUCOSA, a lesion observed in a number of unrelated disorders.		09.181430
Branch Vein Occlusion
[description not available]		05.37130
Retinal Vein Occlusion
Blockage of the RETINAL VEIN. Those at high risk for this condition include patients with HYPERTENSION; DIABETES MELLITUS; ATHEROSCLEROSIS; and other CARDIOVASCULAR DISEASES.		05.37130
Autism Spectrum Disorder
Wide continuum of associated cognitive and neurobehavioral disorders, including, but not limited to, three core-defining features: impairments in socialization, impairments in verbal and nonverbal communication, and restricted and repetitive patterns of behaviors. (from DSM-V)		09.61191
Chronic Insomnia
[description not available]		04.7871
Sleep Initiation and Maintenance Disorders
Disorders characterized by impairment of the ability to initiate or maintain sleep. This may occur as a primary disorder or in association with another medical or psychiatric condition.		04.7871
Diabetic Cardiomyopathies
Diabetes complications in which VENTRICULAR REMODELING in the absence of CORONARY ATHEROSCLEROSIS and hypertension results in cardiac dysfunctions, typically LEFT VENTRICULAR DYSFUNCTION. The changes also result in myocardial hypertrophy, myocardial necrosis and fibrosis, and collagen deposition due to impaired glucose tolerance.		02.6320
Complications, Pregnancy
[description not available]		016.141878
HIV Coinfection
[description not available]		011.16446
Complications, Infectious Pregnancy
[description not available]		04.1660
HIV
Human immunodeficiency virus. A non-taxonomic and historical term referring to any of two species, specifically HIV-1 and/or HIV-2. Prior to 1986, this was called human T-lymphotropic virus type III/lymphadenopathy-associated virus (HTLV-III/LAV). From 1986-1990, it was an official species called HIV. Since 1991, HIV was no longer considered an official species name; the two species were designated HIV-1 and HIV-2.		04.0550
HIV Infections
Includes the spectrum of human immunodeficiency virus infections that range from asymptomatic seropositivity, thru AIDS-related complex (ARC), to acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS).		011.16446
Deficiency, Ascorbic Acid
[description not available]		06.26260
Hypoascorbemia
[description not available]		04.73120
Ascorbic Acid Deficiency
A condition due to a dietary deficiency of ascorbic acid (vitamin C), characterized by malaise, lethargy, and weakness. As the disease progresses, joints, muscles, and subcutaneous tissues may become the sites of hemorrhage. Ascorbic acid deficiency frequently develops into SCURVY in young children fed unsupplemented cow's milk exclusively during their first year. It develops also commonly in chronic alcoholism. (Cecil Textbook of Medicine, 19th ed, p1177)		06.26260
Scurvy
An acquired blood vessel disorder caused by severe deficiency of vitamin C (ASCORBIC ACID) in the diet leading to defective collagen formation in small blood vessels. Scurvy is characterized by bleeding in any tissue, weakness, ANEMIA, spongy gums, and a brawny induration of the muscles of the calves and legs.		04.73120
Abdominal Migraine
[description not available]		010.01203
Migraine Disorders
A class of disabling primary headache disorders, characterized by recurrent unilateral pulsatile headaches. The two major subtypes are common migraine (without aura) and classic migraine (with aura or neurological symptoms). (International Classification of Headache Disorders, 2nd ed. Cephalalgia 2004: suppl 1)		010.01203
Canine Diseases
[description not available]		09.13583
Infections, Parvoviridae
[description not available]		02.6120
Enteritis
Inflammation of any segment of the SMALL INTESTINE.		04.81130
Cardiometabolic Syndrome
A cluster of symptoms that are risk factors for CARDIOVASCULAR DISEASES and TYPE 2 DIABETES MELLITUS. The major components not only include metabolic dysfunctions of METABOLIC SYNDROME but also HYPERTENSION, and ABDOMINAL OBESITY.		09.43291
Metabolic Syndrome
A cluster of symptoms that are risk factors for CARDIOVASCULAR DISEASES and TYPE 2 DIABETES MELLITUS. The major components of metabolic syndrome include ABDOMINAL OBESITY; atherogenic DYSLIPIDEMIA; HYPERTENSION; HYPERGLYCEMIA; INSULIN RESISTANCE; a proinflammatory state; and a prothrombotic (THROMBOSIS) state.		09.43291
Hypospermatogenesis
[description not available]		05.71112
Chromosome Deletion
Actual loss of portion of a chromosome.		03.94130
Abnormalities, Sex Chromosome
[description not available]		03.0750
Sex Chromosome DSD
[description not available]		02.4110
Azoospermia
A condition of having no sperm present in the ejaculate (SEMEN).		02.8330
Sex Chromosome Disorders of Sex Development
Congenital conditions of atypical sexual development associated with abnormal sex chromosome constitutions including MONOSOMY; TRISOMY; and MOSAICISM.		02.4110
Cryptogenic Infantile Spasms
[description not available]		03.6360
Spasms, Infantile
An epileptic syndrome characterized by the triad of infantile spasms, hypsarrhythmia, and arrest of psychomotor development at seizure onset. The majority present between 3-12 months of age, with spasms consisting of combinations of brief flexor or extensor movements of the head, trunk, and limbs. The condition is divided into two forms: cryptogenic (idiopathic) and symptomatic (secondary to a known disease process such as intrauterine infections; nervous system abnormalities; BRAIN DISEASES, METABOLIC, INBORN; prematurity; perinatal asphyxia; TUBEROUS SCLEROSIS; etc.). (From Menkes, Textbook of Child Neurology, 5th ed, pp744-8)		03.6360
Bladder Cancer
[description not available]		07.72212
Urinary Bladder Neoplasms
Tumors or cancer of the URINARY BLADDER.		07.72212
Acute Coronary Syndrome
An episode of MYOCARDIAL ISCHEMIA that generally lasts longer than a transient anginal episode that ultimately may lead to MYOCARDIAL INFARCTION.		04.3941
Amentia
[description not available]		015.651558
Dementia
An acquired organic mental disorder with loss of intellectual abilities of sufficient severity to interfere with social or occupational functioning. The dysfunction is multifaceted and involves memory, behavior, personality, judgment, attention, spatial relations, language, abstract thought, and other executive functions. The intellectual decline is usually progressive, and initially spares the level of consciousness.		020.651558
Blood Poisoning
[description not available]		04.77120
Endotoxin Shock
[description not available]		05.7161
Shock, Septic
Sepsis associated with HYPOTENSION or hypoperfusion despite adequate fluid resuscitation. Perfusion abnormalities may include but are not limited to LACTIC ACIDOSIS; OLIGURIA; or acute alteration in mental status.		05.7161
Sepsis
Systemic inflammatory response syndrome with a proven or suspected infectious etiology. When sepsis is associated with organ dysfunction distant from the site of infection, it is called severe sepsis. When sepsis is accompanied by HYPOTENSION despite adequate fluid infusion, it is called SEPTIC SHOCK.		04.77120
Nerve Pain
[description not available]		012.28597
Neuralgia
Intense or aching pain that occurs along the course or distribution of a peripheral or cranial nerve.		017.28597
Behavior Disorders
[description not available]		013.411214
Mental Disorders
Psychiatric illness or diseases manifested by breakdowns in the adaptational process expressed primarily as abnormalities of thought, feeling, and behavior producing either distress or impairment of function.		013.411214
Abnormality, Heart
[description not available]		05.25180
Heart Defects, Congenital
Developmental abnormalities involving structures of the heart. These defects are present at birth but may be discovered later in life.		05.25180
Cognition Disorders
Disorders characterized by disturbances in mental processes related to learning, thinking, reasoning, and judgment.		019.7221744
Celiac Sprue
[description not available]		014.632324
Infection
[description not available]		08.34302
Celiac Disease
A malabsorption syndrome that is precipitated by the ingestion of foods containing GLUTEN, such as wheat, rye, and barley. It is characterized by INFLAMMATION of the SMALL INTESTINE, loss of MICROVILLI structure, failed INTESTINAL ABSORPTION, and MALNUTRITION.		014.632324
Infections
Invasion of the host organism by microorganisms or their toxins or by parasites that can cause pathological conditions or diseases.		08.34302
Leucocythaemia
[description not available]		010.181301
Pancytopenia
Deficiency of all three cell elements of the blood, erythrocytes, leukocytes and platelets.		06.61480
Leukemia
A progressive, malignant disease of the blood-forming organs, characterized by distorted proliferation and development of leukocytes and their precursors in the blood and bone marrow. Leukemias were originally termed acute or chronic based on life expectancy but now are classified according to cellular maturity. Acute leukemias consist of predominately immature cells; chronic leukemias are composed of more mature cells. (From The Merck Manual, 2006)		010.181301
Chronic Primary Open Angle Glaucoma
[description not available]		04.690
Cranial Nerve II Diseases
[description not available]		06.56181
48,XXYY Syndrome
[description not available]		02.420
Glaucoma, Open-Angle
Glaucoma in which the angle of the anterior chamber is open and the trabecular meshwork does not encroach on the base of the iris.		04.690
Intraocular Pressure
The pressure of the fluids in the eye.		04.5690
Klinefelter Syndrome
A form of male HYPOGONADISM, characterized by the presence of an extra X CHROMOSOME, small TESTES, seminiferous tubule dysgenesis, elevated levels of GONADOTROPINS, low serum TESTOSTERONE, underdeveloped secondary sex characteristics, and male infertility (INFERTILITY, MALE). Patients tend to have long legs and a slim, tall stature. GYNECOMASTIA is present in many of the patients. The classic form has the karyotype 47,XXY. Several karyotype variants include 48,XXYY; 48,XXXY; 49,XXXXY, and mosaic patterns ( 46,XY/47,XXY; 47,XXY/48,XXXY, etc.).		02.420
Optic Nerve Diseases
Conditions which produce injury or dysfunction of the second cranial or optic nerve, which is generally considered a component of the central nervous system. Damage to optic nerve fibers may occur at or near their origin in the retina, at the optic disk, or in the nerve, optic chiasm, optic tract, or lateral geniculate nuclei. Clinical manifestations may include decreased visual acuity and contrast sensitivity, impaired color vision, and an afferent pupillary defect.		06.56181
Dizzyness
[description not available]		03.620
Central Nervous System Origin Vertigo
[description not available]		05.4151
Acute Peripheral Vestibulopathy
[description not available]		03.3310
Dizziness
An imprecise term which may refer to a sense of spatial disorientation, motion of the environment, or lightheadedness.		03.620
Vertigo
An illusion of movement, either of the external world revolving around the individual or of the individual revolving in space. Vertigo may be associated with disorders of the inner ear (EAR, INNER); VESTIBULAR NERVE; BRAINSTEM; or CEREBRAL CORTEX. Lesions in the TEMPORAL LOBE and PARIETAL LOBE may be associated with FOCAL SEIZURES that may feature vertigo as an ictal manifestation. (From Adams et al., Principles of Neurology, 6th ed, pp300-1)		05.4151
Vestibular Neuronitis
Idiopathic inflammation of the VESTIBULAR NERVE, characterized clinically by the acute or subacute onset of VERTIGO; NAUSEA; and imbalance. The COCHLEAR NERVE is typically spared and HEARING LOSS and TINNITUS do not usually occur. Symptoms usually resolve over a period of days to weeks. (Adams et al., Principles of Neurology, 6th ed, p304)		03.3310
Adolescent Obesity
[description not available]		03.5570
Chemical Dependence
[description not available]		07.01420
Substance-Related Disorders
Disorders related to substance use or abuse.		07.01420
Injury, Ischemia-Reperfusion
[description not available]		03.86100
Ischemia
A hypoperfusion of the BLOOD through an organ or tissue caused by a PATHOLOGIC CONSTRICTION or obstruction of its BLOOD VESSELS, or an absence of BLOOD CIRCULATION.		07.33232
Reperfusion Injury
Adverse functional, metabolic, or structural changes in tissues that result from the restoration of blood flow to the tissue (REPERFUSION) following ISCHEMIA.		03.86100
Dementias, Transmissible
[description not available]		02.4110
Dementia Praecox
[description not available]		011.98524
Schizophrenia
A severe emotional disorder of psychotic depth characteristically marked by a retreat from reality with delusion formation, HALLUCINATIONS, emotional disharmony, and regressive behavior.		016.98524
Hematologic Malignancies
[description not available]		06.0791
Hematologic Neoplasms
Neoplasms located in the blood and blood-forming tissue (the bone marrow and lymphatic tissue). The commonest forms are the various types of LEUKEMIA, of LYMPHOMA, and of the progressive, life-threatening forms of the MYELODYSPLASTIC SYNDROMES.		06.0791
Fatty Liver, Nonalcoholic
[description not available]		06.97221
Cirrhosis, Liver
[description not available]		010.521195
Liver Cirrhosis
Liver disease in which the normal microcirculation, the gross vascular anatomy, and the hepatic architecture have been variably destroyed and altered with fibrous septa surrounding regenerated or regenerating parenchymal nodules.		010.521195
Non-alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease
Fatty liver finding without excessive ALCOHOL CONSUMPTION.		06.97221
Aging
The gradual irreversible changes in structure and function of an organism that occur as a result of the passage of time.		017.7631629
Chronic Kidney Diseases
[description not available]		09.31181
Renal Insufficiency, Chronic
Conditions in which the KIDNEYS perform below the normal level for more than three months. Chronic kidney insufficiency is classified by five stages according to the decline in GLOMERULAR FILTRATION RATE and the degree of kidney damage (as measured by the level of PROTEINURIA). The most severe form is the end-stage renal disease (CHRONIC KIDNEY FAILURE). (Kidney Foundation: Kidney Disease Outcome Quality Initiative, 2002)		09.31181
Degenerative Diseases, Central Nervous System
[description not available]		07.31230
Neurodegenerative Diseases
Hereditary and sporadic conditions which are characterized by progressive nervous system dysfunction. These disorders are often associated with atrophy of the affected central or peripheral nervous system structures.		07.31230
Congenital Thrombotic Thrombocytopenic Purpura
[description not available]		04.99130
Purpura, Thrombotic Thrombocytopenic
An acquired, congenital, or familial disorder caused by PLATELET AGGREGATION with THROMBOSIS in terminal arterioles and capillaries. Clinical features include THROMBOCYTOPENIA; HEMOLYTIC ANEMIA; AZOTEMIA; FEVER; and thrombotic microangiopathy. The classical form also includes neurological symptoms and end-organ damage, such as RENAL FAILURE. Mutations in the ADAMTS13 PROTEIN gene have been identified in familial cases.		04.99130
Anxiety Neuroses
[description not available]		04.0450
Delirium of Mixed Origin
[description not available]		04.5290
Anxiety Disorders
Persistent and disabling ANXIETY.		04.0450
Delirium
A disorder characterized by CONFUSION; inattentiveness; disorientation; ILLUSIONS; HALLUCINATIONS; agitation; and in some instances autonomic nervous system overactivity. It may result from toxic/metabolic conditions or structural brain lesions. (From Adams et al., Principles of Neurology, 6th ed, pp411-2)		04.5290
Colitis, Granulomatous
[description not available]		012.341101
Allergic Reaction
[description not available]		05.35230
Crohn Disease
A chronic transmural inflammation that may involve any part of the DIGESTIVE TRACT from MOUTH to ANUS, mostly found in the ILEUM, the CECUM, and the COLON. In Crohn disease, the inflammation, extending through the intestinal wall from the MUCOSA to the serosa, is characteristically asymmetric and segmental. Epithelioid GRANULOMAS may be seen in some patients.		012.341101
Hypersensitivity
Altered reactivity to an antigen, which can result in pathologic reactions upon subsequent exposure to that particular antigen.		05.35230
Auricular Fibrillation
[description not available]		03.2350
Atrial Fibrillation
Abnormal cardiac rhythm that is characterized by rapid, uncoordinated firing of electrical impulses in the upper chambers of the heart (HEART ATRIA). In such case, blood cannot be effectively pumped into the lower chambers of the heart (HEART VENTRICLES). It is caused by abnormal impulse generation.		03.2350
Deficiency, Vitamin B
[description not available]		016.9911120
Vitamin B Deficiency
A condition due to deficiency in any member of the VITAMIN B COMPLEX. These B vitamins are water-soluble and must be obtained from the diet because they are easily lost in the urine. Unlike the lipid-soluble vitamins, they cannot be stored in the body fat.		016.9911120
Peripheral Nerve Injury
[description not available]		05.95140
Peripheral Nerve Injuries
Injuries to the PERIPHERAL NERVES.		05.95140
Job Stress
[description not available]		02.4110
Sensitivity and Specificity
Binary classification measures to assess test results. Sensitivity or recall rate is the proportion of true positives. Specificity is the probability of correctly determining the absence of a condition. (From Last, Dictionary of Epidemiology, 2d ed)		013.18964
Absence Seizure
[description not available]		07.53221
Action Tremor
[description not available]		08.43262
Seizures
Clinical or subclinical disturbances of cortical function due to a sudden, abnormal, excessive, and disorganized discharge of brain cells. Clinical manifestations include abnormal motor, sensory and psychic phenomena. Recurrent seizures are usually referred to as EPILEPSY or seizure disorder.		07.53221
Tremor
Cyclical movement of a body part that can represent either a physiologic process or a manifestation of disease. Intention or action tremor, a common manifestation of CEREBELLAR DISEASES, is aggravated by movement. In contrast, resting tremor is maximal when there is no attempt at voluntary movement, and occurs as a relatively frequent manifestation of PARKINSON DISEASE.		08.43262
Affective Disorders
[description not available]		09.52114
Mood Disorders
Those disorders that have a disturbance in mood as their predominant feature.		09.52114
Apoplexy
[description not available]		018.414143
Stroke
A group of pathological conditions characterized by sudden, non-convulsive loss of neurological function due to BRAIN ISCHEMIA or INTRACRANIAL HEMORRHAGES. Stroke is classified by the type of tissue NECROSIS, such as the anatomic location, vasculature involved, etiology, age of the affected individual, and hemorrhagic vs. non-hemorrhagic nature. (From Adams et al., Principles of Neurology, 6th ed, pp777-810)		018.414143
Abnormalities, Autosome
[description not available]		08.7413
chronic COVID syndrome
[description not available]		03.3310
Condition, Preneoplastic
[description not available]		04.4990
Precancerous Conditions
Pathological conditions that tend eventually to become malignant.		04.4990
Nervous System Disorders
[description not available]		016.381706
Nervous System Diseases
Diseases of the central and peripheral nervous system. This includes disorders of the brain, spinal cord, cranial nerves, peripheral nerves, nerve roots, autonomic nervous system, neuromuscular junction, and muscle.		016.381706
Harelip
[description not available]		04.73110
Cleft Palate, Isolated
[description not available]		05.08160
Cleft Lip
Congenital defect in the upper lip where the maxillary prominence fails to merge with the merged medial nasal prominences. It is thought to be caused by faulty migration of the mesoderm in the head region.		04.73110
Cleft Palate
Congenital fissure of the soft and/or hard palate, due to faulty fusion.		05.08160
Ataxia of Gait
[description not available]		04.3870
Bile Duct Obstruction, Intrahepatic
[description not available]		02.4110
Cholestasis, Intrahepatic
Impairment of bile flow due to injury to the HEPATOCYTES; BILE CANALICULI; or the intrahepatic bile ducts (BILE DUCTS, INTRAHEPATIC).		02.4110
Benign Neoplasms
[description not available]		017.5820316
Neoplasms
New abnormal growth of tissue. Malignant neoplasms show a greater degree of anaplasia and have the properties of invasion and metastasis, compared to benign neoplasms.		017.5820316
Arrhythmia
[description not available]		02.4110
Arrhythmias, Cardiac
Any disturbances of the normal rhythmic beating of the heart or MYOCARDIAL CONTRACTION. Cardiac arrhythmias can be classified by the abnormalities in HEART RATE, disorders of electrical impulse generation, or impulse conduction.		02.4110
Cold Fingers, Hereditary
[description not available]		03.2560
Raynaud Disease
An idiopathic vascular disorder characterized by bilateral Raynaud phenomenon, the abrupt onset of digital paleness or CYANOSIS in response to cold exposure or stress.		03.2560
ALS - Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis
[description not available]		011.7244
Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis
A degenerative disorder affecting upper MOTOR NEURONS in the brain and lower motor neurons in the brain stem and SPINAL CORD. Disease onset is usually after the age of 50 and the process is usually fatal within 3 to 6 years. Clinical manifestations include progressive weakness, atrophy, FASCICULATION, hyperreflexia, DYSARTHRIA, dysphagia, and eventual paralysis of respiratory function. Pathologic features include the replacement of motor neurons with fibrous ASTROCYTES and atrophy of anterior SPINAL NERVE ROOTS and corticospinal tracts. (From Adams et al., Principles of Neurology, 6th ed, pp1089-94)		011.7244
Infections, Helicobacter
[description not available]		012.36725
Helicobacter Infections
Infections with organisms of the genus HELICOBACTER, particularly, in humans, HELICOBACTER PYLORI. The clinical manifestations are focused in the stomach, usually the gastric mucosa and antrum, and the upper duodenum. This infection plays a major role in the pathogenesis of type B gastritis and peptic ulcer disease.		012.36725
Child Development Deviations
[description not available]		016.135525
Infant, Newborn, Diseases
Diseases of newborn infants present at birth (congenital) or developing within the first month of birth. It does not include hereditary diseases not manifesting at birth or within the first 30 days of life nor does it include inborn errors of metabolism. Both HEREDITARY DISEASES and METABOLISM, INBORN ERRORS are available as general concepts.		06.31240
Abnormalities, Congenital, Nervous System
[description not available]		03.8630
Developmental Disabilities
Disorders in which there is a delay in development based on that expected for a given age level or stage of development. These impairments or disabilities originate before age 18, may be expected to continue indefinitely, and constitute a substantial impairment. Biological and nonbiological factors are involved in these disorders. (From American Psychiatric Glossary, 6th ed)		016.135525
Deficiency, Mental
[description not available]		07.3480
Intellectual Disability
Subnormal intellectual functioning which originates during the developmental period. This has multiple potential etiologies, including genetic defects and perinatal insults. Intelligence quotient (IQ) scores are commonly used to determine whether an individual has an intellectual disability. IQ scores between 70 and 79 are in the borderline range. Scores below 67 are in the disabled range. (from Joynt, Clinical Neurology, 1992, Ch55, p28)		07.3480
Anemia, Macrocytic
Anemia characterized by larger than normal erythrocytes, increased mean corpuscular volume (MCV) and increased mean corpuscular hemoglobin (MCH).		015.246577
Infections, Salmonella
[description not available]		03.0650
Facies
The appearance of the face that is often characteristic of a disease or pathological condition, as the elfin facies of WILLIAMS SYNDROME or the mongoloid facies of DOWN SYNDROME. (Random House Unabridged Dictionary, 2d ed)		02.4110
Aganglionic Megacolon
[description not available]		02.4620
Microcephaly
A congenital abnormality in which the CEREBRUM is underdeveloped, the fontanels close prematurely, and, as a result, the head is small. (Desk Reference for Neuroscience, 2nd ed.)		02.5420
Hirschsprung Disease
Congenital MEGACOLON resulting from the absence of ganglion cells (aganglionosis) in a distal segment of the LARGE INTESTINE. The aganglionic segment is permanently contracted thus causing dilatation proximal to it. In most cases, the aganglionic segment is within the RECTUM and SIGMOID COLON.		02.4620
Astheno Teratozoospermia
[description not available]		02.4110
Acute Bacterial Prostatitis
[description not available]		04.8942
Varicocele
A condition characterized by the dilated tortuous veins of the SPERMATIC CORD with a marked left-sided predominance. Adverse effect on male fertility occurs when varicocele leads to an increased scrotal (and testicular) temperature and reduced testicular volume.		02.4110
Prostatitis
Infiltration of inflammatory cells into the parenchyma of PROSTATE. The subtypes are classified by their varied laboratory analysis, clinical presentation and response to treatment.		04.8942
Anorexia Nervosa
An eating disorder that is characterized by the lack or loss of APPETITE, known as ANOREXIA. Other features include excess fear of becoming OVERWEIGHT; BODY IMAGE disturbance; significant WEIGHT LOSS; refusal to maintain minimal normal weight; and AMENORRHEA. This disorder occurs most frequently in adolescent females. (APA, Thesaurus of Psychological Index Terms, 1994)		05.13180
Blood Clot
[description not available]		011.31442
Thromboembolism
Obstruction of a blood vessel (embolism) by a blood clot (THROMBUS) in the blood stream.		010.23253
Thrombosis
Formation and development of a thrombus or blood clot in the blood vessel.		016.31442
Autoimmune Thyroiditis
[description not available]		04.97150
Chronic Lymphocytic Thyroiditis
[description not available]		04.3670
Hashimoto Disease
Chronic autoimmune thyroiditis, characterized by the presence of high serum thyroid AUTOANTIBODIES; GOITER; and HYPOTHYROIDISM.		04.3670
Decreased Muscle Tone
[description not available]		06.28130
BH4 Deficiency
[description not available]		06.84340
Phenylketonurias
A group of autosomal recessive disorders marked by a deficiency of the hepatic enzyme PHENYLALANINE HYDROXYLASE or less frequently by reduced activity of DIHYDROPTERIDINE REDUCTASE (i.e., atypical phenylketonuria). Classical phenylketonuria is caused by a severe deficiency of phenylalanine hydroxylase and presents in infancy with developmental delay; SEIZURES; skin HYPOPIGMENTATION; ECZEMA; and demyelination in the central nervous system. (From Adams et al., Principles of Neurology, 6th ed, p952).		06.84340
Cirrhosis
[description not available]		02.4820
Fibrosis
Any pathological condition where fibrous connective tissue invades any organ, usually as a consequence of inflammation or other injury.		02.4820
Acne Rosacea
[description not available]		02.4720
Rosacea
A cutaneous disorder primarily of convexities of the central part of the FACE, such as FOREHEAD; CHEEK; NOSE; and CHIN. It is characterized by FLUSHING; ERYTHEMA; EDEMA; RHINOPHYMA; papules; and ocular symptoms. It may occur at any age but typically after age 30. There are various subtypes of rosacea: erythematotelangiectatic, papulopustular, phymatous, and ocular (National Rosacea Society's Expert Committee on the Classification and Staging of Rosacea, J Am Acad Dermatol 2002; 46:584-7).		02.4720
Anxiety
Feelings or emotions of dread, apprehension, and impending disaster but not disabling as with ANXIETY DISORDERS.		05.78112
ALDOB Deficiency
[description not available]		02.420
Cardiovascular Stroke
[description not available]		016.218920
Idiopathic Tropical Malabsorption Syndrome
[description not available]		010.361181
Myocardial Infarction
NECROSIS of the MYOCARDIUM caused by an obstruction of the blood supply to the heart (CORONARY CIRCULATION).		016.218920
Aura
[description not available]		013.6710011
Epilepsy
A disorder characterized by recurrent episodes of paroxysmal brain dysfunction due to a sudden, disorderly, and excessive neuronal discharge. Epilepsy classification systems are generally based upon: (1) clinical features of the seizure episodes (e.g., motor seizure), (2) etiology (e.g., post-traumatic), (3) anatomic site of seizure origin (e.g., frontal lobe seizure), (4) tendency to spread to other structures in the brain, and (5) temporal patterns (e.g., nocturnal epilepsy). (From Adams et al., Principles of Neurology, 6th ed, p313)		018.6710011
Liver Steatosis
[description not available]		07.11550
Fatty Liver
Lipid infiltration of the hepatic parenchymal cells resulting in a yellow-colored liver. The abnormal lipid accumulation is usually in the form of TRIGLYCERIDES, either as a single large droplet or multiple small droplets. Fatty liver is caused by an imbalance in the metabolism of FATTY ACIDS.		07.11550
Hereditary Optic Neuroretinopathy
[description not available]		03.0340
Optic Atrophy, Hereditary, Leber
A maternally linked genetic disorder that presents in mid-life as acute or subacute central vision loss leading to central scotoma and blindness. The disease has been associated with missense mutations in the mtDNA, in genes for Complex I, III, and IV polypeptides, that can act autonomously or in association with each other to cause the disease. (from Online Mendelian Inheritance in Man, http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/Omim/, MIM#535000 (April 17, 2001))		03.0340
Graft-Versus-Host Disease
[description not available]		05.0431
Psychoses
[description not available]		09.52531
Graft vs Host Disease
The clinical entity characterized by anorexia, diarrhea, loss of hair, leukopenia, thrombocytopenia, growth retardation, and eventual death brought about by the GRAFT VS HOST REACTION.		05.0431
Psychotic Disorders
Disorders in which there is a loss of ego boundaries or a gross impairment in reality testing with delusions or prominent hallucinations. (From DSM-IV, 1994)		09.52531
22q11.2 Deletion Syndrome
[description not available]		02.6120
DiGeorge Syndrome
Congenital syndrome characterized by a wide spectrum of characteristics including the absence of the THYMUS and PARATHYROID GLANDS resulting in T-cell immunodeficiency, HYPOCALCEMIA, defects in the outflow tract of the heart, and craniofacial anomalies.		02.6120
Adult-Onset Dystonias
[description not available]		02.7430
Dystonia
An attitude or posture due to the co-contraction of agonists and antagonist muscles in one region of the body. It most often affects the large axial muscles of the trunk and limb girdles. Conditions which feature persistent or recurrent episodes of dystonia as a primary manifestation of disease are referred to as DYSTONIC DISORDERS. (Adams et al., Principles of Neurology, 6th ed, p77)		02.7730
Dyskinesia Syndromes
[description not available]		03.2260
Movement Disorders
Syndromes which feature DYSKINESIAS as a cardinal manifestation of the disease process. Included in this category are degenerative, hereditary, post-infectious, medication-induced, post-inflammatory, and post-traumatic conditions.		03.2260
Dystonic Disorders
Acquired and inherited conditions that feature DYSTONIA as a primary manifestation of disease. These disorders are generally divided into generalized dystonias (e.g., dystonia musculorum deformans) and focal dystonias (e.g., writer's cramp). They are also classified by patterns of inheritance and by age of onset.		02.7430
Acrania
[description not available]		016.5715511
Neural Tube Defects
Congenital malformations of the central nervous system and adjacent structures related to defective neural tube closure during the first trimester of pregnancy generally occurring between days 18-29 of gestation. Ectodermal and mesodermal malformations (mainly involving the skull and vertebrae) may occur as a result of defects of neural tube closure. (From Joynt, Clinical Neurology, 1992, Ch55, pp31-41)		016.5715511
Deficiency, Glucosephosphatase
[description not available]		02.4110
Glycogen Storage Disease Type I
An autosomal recessive disease in which gene expression of glucose-6-phosphatase is absent, resulting in hypoglycemia due to lack of glucose production. Accumulation of glycogen in liver and kidney leads to organomegaly, particularly massive hepatomegaly. Increased concentrations of lactic acid and hyperlipidemia appear in the plasma. Clinical gout often appears in early childhood.		02.4110
Dermatitis, Radiation-Induced
[description not available]		02.3920
Radiodermatitis
A cutaneous inflammatory reaction occurring as a result of exposure to ionizing radiation.		02.3920
Neuroblastoma
A common neoplasm of early childhood arising from neural crest cells in the sympathetic nervous system, and characterized by diverse clinical behavior, ranging from spontaneous remission to rapid metastatic progression and death. This tumor is the most common intraabdominal malignancy of childhood, but it may also arise from thorax, neck, or rarely occur in the central nervous system. Histologic features include uniform round cells with hyperchromatic nuclei arranged in nests and separated by fibrovascular septa. Neuroblastomas may be associated with the opsoclonus-myoclonus syndrome. (From DeVita et al., Cancer: Principles and Practice of Oncology, 5th ed, pp2099-2101; Curr Opin Oncol 1998 Jan;10(1):43-51)		05.81370
Short Bowel Syndrome
A malabsorption syndrome resulting from extensive operative resection of the SMALL INTESTINE, the absorptive region of the GASTROINTESTINAL TRACT.		05.3190
Symptom Cluster
[description not available]		012.45944
Syndrome
A characteristic symptom complex.		012.45944
Pancreatic Insufficiency
[description not available]		08.48321
Exocrine Pancreatic Insufficiency
A malabsorption condition resulting from greater than 10% reduction in the secretion of pancreatic digestive enzymes (LIPASE; PROTEASES; and AMYLASE) by the EXOCRINE PANCREAS into the DUODENUM. This condition is often associated with CYSTIC FIBROSIS and with chronic PANCREATITIS.		08.48321
Paralysis, Legs
[description not available]		03.1250
Paraplegia
Severe or complete loss of motor function in the lower extremities and lower portions of the trunk. This condition is most often associated with SPINAL CORD DISEASES, although BRAIN DISEASES; PERIPHERAL NERVOUS SYSTEM DISEASES; NEUROMUSCULAR DISEASES; and MUSCULAR DISEASES may also cause bilateral leg weakness.		03.1250
Age-Related Osteoporosis
[description not available]		011.46545
Osteoporosis
Reduction of bone mass without alteration in the composition of bone, leading to fractures. Primary osteoporosis can be of two major types: postmenopausal osteoporosis (OSTEOPOROSIS, POSTMENOPAUSAL) and age-related or senile osteoporosis.		011.46545
Arsenic Encephalopathy
[description not available]		03.95130
Autoimmune Lymphoproliferative Syndrome
Rare congenital lymphoid disorder due to mutations in certain Fas-Fas ligand pathway genes. Known causes include mutations in FAS, TNFSF6, NRAS, CASP8, and CASP10 proteins. Clinical features include LYMPHADENOPATHY; SPLENOMEGALY; and AUTOIMMUNITY.		04.2560
Hematochezia
The passage of bright red blood from the rectum. The blood may or may not be mixed with formed stool in the form of blood, blood clots, bloody stool or diarrhea.		07.33261
Gastrointestinal Hemorrhage
Bleeding in any segment of the GASTROINTESTINAL TRACT from ESOPHAGUS to RECTUM.		07.33261
Ambulation Disorders, Neurologic
[description not available]		03.5670
Dysesthesia
[description not available]		08.06381
Acidemia Propionic
[description not available]		02.8930
Propionic Acidemia
Autosomal recessive metabolic disorder caused by mutations in PROPIONYL-COA CARBOXYLASE genes that result in dysfunction of branch chain amino acids and of the metabolism of certain fatty acids. Neonatal clinical onset is characterized by severe metabolic acidemia accompanied by hyperammonemia, HYPERGLYCEMIA, lethargy, vomiting, HYPOTONIA; and HEPATOMEGALY. Survivors of the neonatal onset propionic acidemia often show developmental retardation, and intolerance to dietary proteins. Late-onset form of the disease shows mild mental and/or developmental retardation, sometimes without metabolic acidemia.		02.8930
Bovine Diseases
[description not available]		08.79288
Fasting Hypoglycemia
HYPOGLYCEMIA expressed in the postabsorptive state, after prolonged FASTING, or an overnight fast.		06.03101
Acetonemia
[description not available]		07.88146
Hypoglycemia
A syndrome of abnormally low BLOOD GLUCOSE level. Clinical hypoglycemia has diverse etiologies. Severe hypoglycemia eventually lead to glucose deprivation of the CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM resulting in HUNGER; SWEATING; PARESTHESIA; impaired mental function; SEIZURES; COMA; and even DEATH.		06.03101
Body Weight
The mass or quantity of heaviness of an individual. It is expressed by units of pounds or kilograms.		017.4334533
Light Sensitivity
[description not available]		03.811
Neuroma
A tumor made up of nerve cells and nerve fibers. (Dorland, 27th ed)		03.811
DDPAC
[description not available]		04.8840
Acute Onset Vascular Dementia
[description not available]		010.49332
Dementia, Vascular
An imprecise term referring to dementia associated with CEREBROVASCULAR DISORDERS, including CEREBRAL INFARCTION (single or multiple), and conditions associated with chronic BRAIN ISCHEMIA. Diffuse, cortical, and subcortical subtypes have been described. (From Gerontol Geriatr 1998 Feb;31(1):36-44)		010.49332
Frontotemporal Dementia
The most common clinical form of FRONTOTEMPORAL LOBAR DEGENERATION, this dementia presents with personality and behavioral changes often associated with disinhibition, apathy, and lack of insight.		04.8840
Polycystic Ovarian Syndrome
[description not available]		09.58124
Polycystic Ovary Syndrome
A complex disorder characterized by infertility, HIRSUTISM; OBESITY; and various menstrual disturbances such as OLIGOMENORRHEA; AMENORRHEA; ANOVULATION. Polycystic ovary syndrome is usually associated with bilateral enlarged ovaries studded with atretic follicles, not with cysts. The term, polycystic ovary, is misleading.		09.58124
Suicidal Ideation
A risk factor for suicide attempts and completions, it is the most common of all suicidal behavior, but only a minority of ideators engage in overt self-harm.		03.811
Cat Diseases
Diseases of the domestic cat (Felis catus or F. domesticus). This term does not include diseases of the so-called big cats such as CHEETAHS; LIONS; tigers, cougars, panthers, leopards, and other Felidae for which the heading CARNIVORA is used.		06.5300
Blood Pressure, Low
[description not available]		06.28143
Hypotension
Abnormally low BLOOD PRESSURE that can result in inadequate blood flow to the brain and other vital organs. Common symptom is DIZZINESS but greater negative impacts on the body occur when there is prolonged depravation of oxygen and nutrients.		06.28143
Brain Vascular Disorders
[description not available]		08.24253
Cerebrovascular Disorders
A spectrum of pathological conditions of impaired blood flow in the brain. They can involve vessels (ARTERIES or VEINS) in the CEREBRUM, the CEREBELLUM, and the BRAIN STEM. Major categories include INTRACRANIAL ARTERIOVENOUS MALFORMATIONS; BRAIN ISCHEMIA; CEREBRAL HEMORRHAGE; and others.		08.24253
Cancer of Lung
[description not available]		012.915512
Lung Neoplasms
Tumors or cancer of the LUNG.		012.915512
Devic Disease
[description not available]		03.0340
Neuromyelitis Optica
A syndrome characterized by acute OPTIC NEURITIS; MYELITIS, TRANSVERSE; demyelinating and/or necrotizing lesions in the OPTIC NERVES and SPINAL CORD; and presence of specific autoantibodies to AQUAPORIN 4.		03.0340
Drug Refractory Epilepsy
[description not available]		02.4110
Age-Related Memory Disorders
[description not available]		07.14330
Memory Disorders
Disturbances in registering an impression, in the retention of an acquired impression, or in the recall of an impression. Memory impairments are associated with DEMENTIA; CRANIOCEREBRAL TRAUMA; ENCEPHALITIS; ALCOHOLISM (see also ALCOHOL AMNESTIC DISORDER); SCHIZOPHRENIA; and other conditions.		07.14330
CACH Syndrome
[description not available]		07.4191
Pulmonary Consumption
[description not available]		06.04291
Hypoproteinemia
A condition in which total serum protein level is below the normal range. Hypoproteinemia can be caused by protein malabsorption in the gastrointestinal tract, EDEMA, or PROTEINURIA.		05.47160
Tuberculosis, Pulmonary
MYCOBACTERIUM infections of the lung.		06.04291
Gastritis, Atrophic
GASTRITIS with atrophy of the GASTRIC MUCOSA, the GASTRIC PARIETAL CELLS, and the mucosal glands leading to ACHLORHYDRIA. Atrophic gastritis usually progresses from chronic gastritis.		011.4785
Arteriosclerosis, Coronary
[description not available]		014.417116
Coronary Artery Disease
Pathological processes of CORONARY ARTERIES that may derive from a congenital abnormality, atherosclerotic, or non-atherosclerotic cause.		014.417116
Edema-Proteinuria-Hypertension Gestosis
[description not available]		010.66471
Pre-Eclampsia
A complication of PREGNANCY, characterized by a complex of symptoms including maternal HYPERTENSION and PROTEINURIA with or without pathological EDEMA. Symptoms may range between mild and severe. Pre-eclampsia usually occurs after the 20th week of gestation, but may develop before this time in the presence of trophoblastic disease.		010.66471
Hangman Fracture
[description not available]		03.92100
Spinal Fractures
Broken bones in the vertebral column.		03.92100
Chronic Idiopathic Intestinal Pseudo-Obstruction
[description not available]		04.11100
Intestinal Obstruction
Any impairment, arrest, or reversal of the normal flow of INTESTINAL CONTENTS toward the ANAL CANAL.		06.72320
Intestinal Pseudo-Obstruction
A type of ILEUS, a functional not mechanical obstruction of the INTESTINES. This syndrome is caused by a large number of disorders involving the smooth muscles (MUSCLE, SMOOTH) or the NERVOUS SYSTEM.		04.11100
Adverse Drug Event
[description not available]		09.87222
Lactic Acidosis
[description not available]		03.5240
Cramp
[description not available]		03.2960
Acidosis, Lactic
Acidosis caused by accumulation of lactic acid more rapidly than it can be metabolized. It may occur spontaneously or in association with diseases such as DIABETES MELLITUS; LEUKEMIA; or LIVER FAILURE.		03.5240
Muscle Cramp
A sustained and usually painful contraction of muscle fibers. This may occur as an isolated phenomenon or as a manifestation of an underlying disease process (e.g., UREMIA; HYPOTHYROIDISM; MOTOR NEURON DISEASE; etc.). (From Adams et al., Principles of Neurology, 6th ed, p1398)		03.2960
Drug-Related Side Effects and Adverse Reactions
Disorders that result from the intended use of PHARMACEUTICAL PREPARATIONS. Included in this heading are a broad variety of chemically-induced adverse conditions due to toxicity, DRUG INTERACTIONS, and metabolic effects of pharmaceuticals.		09.87222
Bonnevie-Ullrich Syndrome
This syndrome that was originally observed by Ullrich, and designated as identical to TURNER SYNDROME, related the webbing of the neck, loose skin and other anomalies of the syndrome to accumulation of fluid in the embryo starting at the head and dispersing to the extremities (as observed by Bonnevie in mice). Commonly observed at birth in Turner Syndrome and NOONAN SYNDROME; EDEMA of the extremities usually recedes by one year and is an early sign of Turner syndrome, especially in female neonates.		03.3220
Turner Syndrome
A syndrome of defective gonadal development in phenotypic females associated with the karyotype 45,X (or 45,XO). Patients generally are of short stature with undifferentiated GONADS (streak gonads), SEXUAL INFANTILISM, HYPOGONADISM, webbing of the neck, cubitus valgus, elevated GONADOTROPINS, decreased ESTRADIOL level in blood, and CONGENITAL HEART DEFECTS. NOONAN SYNDROME (also called Pseudo-Turner Syndrome and Male Turner Syndrome) resembles this disorder; however, it occurs in males and females with a normal karyotype and is inherited as an autosomal dominant.		03.3220
Embolus
[description not available]		03.3320
Embolism
Blocking of a blood vessel by an embolus which can be a blood clot or other undissolved material in the blood stream.		03.3320
Anorexia
The lack or loss of APPETITE accompanied by an aversion to food and the inability to eat. It is the defining characteristic of the disorder ANOREXIA NERVOSA.		06.62121
Depression, Involutional
Form of depression in those MIDDLE AGE with feelings of ANXIETY.		09.87195
Depressive Disorder, Major
Disorder in which five (or more) of the following symptoms have been present during the same 2-week period and represent a change from previous functioning; at least one of the symptoms is either (1) depressed mood or (2) loss of interest or pleasure. Symptoms include: depressed mood most of the day, nearly every daily; markedly diminished interest or pleasure in activities most of the day, nearly every day; significant weight loss when not dieting or weight gain; Insomnia or hypersomnia nearly every day; psychomotor agitation or retardation nearly every day; fatigue or loss of energy nearly every day; feelings of worthlessness or excessive or inappropriate guilt; diminished ability to think or concentrate, or indecisiveness, nearly every day; or recurrent thoughts of death, recurrent suicidal ideation without a specific plan, or a suicide attempt. (DSM-5)		09.87195
Necrosis
The death of cells in an organ or tissue due to disease, injury or failure of the blood supply.		06.34151
Hematoma, Subdural
Accumulation of blood in the SUBDURAL SPACE between the DURA MATER and the arachnoidal layer of the MENINGES. This condition primarily occurs over the surface of a CEREBRAL HEMISPHERE, but may develop in the spinal canal (HEMATOMA, SUBDURAL, SPINAL). Subdural hematoma can be classified as the acute or the chronic form, with immediate or delayed symptom onset, respectively. Symptoms may include loss of consciousness, severe HEADACHE, and deteriorating mental status.		03.1350
Diseases, Metabolic
[description not available]		010.58422
Absence Status
[description not available]		02.9840
Metabolic Diseases
Generic term for diseases caused by an abnormal metabolic process. It can be congenital due to inherited enzyme abnormality (METABOLISM, INBORN ERRORS) or acquired due to disease of an endocrine organ or failure of a metabolically important organ such as the liver. (Stedman, 26th ed)		010.58422
Status Epilepticus
A prolonged seizure or seizures repeated frequently enough to prevent recovery between episodes occurring over a period of 20-30 minutes. The most common subtype is generalized tonic-clonic status epilepticus, a potentially fatal condition associated with neuronal injury and respiratory and metabolic dysfunction. Nonconvulsive forms include petit mal status and complex partial status, which may manifest as behavioral disturbances. Simple partial status epilepticus consists of persistent motor, sensory, or autonomic seizures that do not impair cognition (see also EPILEPSIA PARTIALIS CONTINUA). Subclinical status epilepticus generally refers to seizures occurring in an unresponsive or comatose individual in the absence of overt signs of seizure activity. (From N Engl J Med 1998 Apr 2;338(14):970-6; Neurologia 1997 Dec;12 Suppl 6:25-30)		02.9840
Body Weight, Fetal
[description not available]		02.8330
Alcohol Abuse
[description not available]		010.621301
Alcoholism
A primary, chronic disease with genetic, psychosocial, and environmental factors influencing its development and manifestations. The disease is often progressive and fatal. It is characterized by impaired control over drinking, preoccupation with the drug alcohol, use of alcohol despite adverse consequences, and distortions in thinking, most notably denial. Each of these symptoms may be continuous or periodic. (Morse & Flavin for the Joint Commission of the National Council on Alcoholism and Drug Dependence and the American Society of Addiction Medicine to Study the Definition and Criteria for the Diagnosis of Alcoholism: in JAMA 1992;268:1012-4)		010.621301
Anemia, Hemolytic, Acquired
[description not available]		08.41660
Anemia, Hemolytic
A condition of inadequate circulating red blood cells (ANEMIA) or insufficient HEMOGLOBIN due to premature destruction of red blood cells (ERYTHROCYTES).		08.41660
Disease Exacerbation
[description not available]		015.648718
Keratoconus
A noninflammatory, usually bilateral protrusion of the cornea, the apex being displaced downward and nasally. It occurs most commonly in females at about puberty. The cause is unknown but hereditary factors may play a role. The -conus refers to the cone shape of the corneal protrusion. (From Dorland, 27th ed)		03.0430
Injuries, Spinal Cord
[description not available]		02.7130
Spinal Cord Injuries
Penetrating and non-penetrating injuries to the spinal cord resulting from traumatic external forces (e.g., WOUNDS, GUNSHOT; WHIPLASH INJURIES; etc.).		02.7130
Sarcopenia
Progressive decline in muscle mass due to aging which results in decreased functional capacity of muscles.		03.1140
Adenocarcinoma Of Kidney
[description not available]		05.6561
Cancer of Kidney
[description not available]		06.71131
Carcinoma, Renal Cell
A heterogeneous group of sporadic or hereditary carcinoma derived from cells of the KIDNEYS. There are several subtypes including the clear cells, the papillary, the chromophobe, the collecting duct, the spindle cells (sarcomatoid), or mixed cell-type carcinoma.		05.6561
Kidney Neoplasms
Tumors or cancers of the KIDNEY.		06.71131
Cancer of Gastrointestinal Tract
[description not available]		06.08111
Hyperthyroid
[description not available]		011.08490
Central Hypothyroidism
[description not available]		010.55532
Hyperthyroidism
Hypersecretion of THYROID HORMONES from the THYROID GLAND. Elevated levels of thyroid hormones increase BASAL METABOLIC RATE.		011.08490
Hypothyroidism
A syndrome that results from abnormally low secretion of THYROID HORMONES from the THYROID GLAND, leading to a decrease in BASAL METABOLIC RATE. In its most severe form, there is accumulation of MUCOPOLYSACCHARIDES in the SKIN and EDEMA, known as MYXEDEMA. It may be primary or secondary due to other pituitary disease, or hypothalamic dysfunction.		010.55532
Extravascular Hemolysis
[description not available]		08.85371
Hemolysis
The destruction of ERYTHROCYTES by many different causal agents such as antibodies, bacteria, chemicals, temperature, and changes in tonicity.		08.85371
Thromboembolism, Venous
[description not available]		04.4270
Venous Thromboembolism
Obstruction of a vein or VEINS (embolism) by a blood clot (THROMBUS) in the blood stream.		04.4270
Cancer of Colon
[description not available]		06.46240
Colorectal Cancer
[description not available]		012.81576
Colonic Neoplasms
Tumors or cancer of the COLON.		06.46240
Colorectal Neoplasms
Tumors or cancer of the COLON or the RECTUM or both. Risk factors for colorectal cancer include chronic ULCERATIVE COLITIS; FAMILIAL POLYPOSIS COLI; exposure to ASBESTOS; and irradiation of the CERVIX UTERI.		012.81576
Vitiligo
A disorder consisting of areas of macular depigmentation, commonly on extensor aspects of extremities, on the face or neck, and in skin folds. Age of onset is often in young adulthood and the condition tends to progress gradually with lesions enlarging and extending until a quiescent state is reached.		014.63314
Arthritis, Degenerative
[description not available]		06.64213
Osteoarthritis
A progressive, degenerative joint disease, the most common form of arthritis, especially in older persons. The disease is thought to result not from the aging process but from biochemical changes and biomechanical stresses affecting articular cartilage. In the foreign literature it is often called osteoarthrosis deformans.		06.64213
Dysautonomia
[description not available]		02.610
Biliary Calculi
[description not available]		02.3920
Gallstones
Solid crystalline precipitates in the BILIARY TRACT, usually formed in the GALLBLADDER, resulting in the condition of CHOLELITHIASIS. Gallstones, derived from the BILE, consist mainly of calcium, cholesterol, or bilirubin.		02.3920
Avitaminosis
A condition due to a deficiency of one or more essential vitamins. (Dorland, 27th ed)		013.34883
Cerebral Ischemia
[description not available]		09.36337
Brain Ischemia
Localized reduction of blood flow to brain tissue due to arterial obstruction or systemic hypoperfusion. This frequently occurs in conjunction with brain hypoxia (HYPOXIA, BRAIN). Prolonged ischemia is associated with BRAIN INFARCTION.		09.36337
Thyroid Diseases
Pathological processes involving the THYROID GLAND.		05.54171
Liver Dysfunction
[description not available]		014.6425212
Liver Diseases
Pathological processes of the LIVER.		014.6425212
Injury, Myocardial Reperfusion
[description not available]		02.610
Hyperammonemia
Elevated level of AMMONIA in the blood. It is a sign of defective CATABOLISM of AMINO ACIDS or ammonia to UREA.		03.0540
Catatonia
A neuropsychiatric disorder characterized by one or more of the following essential features: immobility, mutism, negativism (active or passive refusal to follow commands), mannerisms, stereotypies, posturing, grimacing, excitement, echolalia, echopraxia, muscular rigidity, and stupor; sometimes punctuated by sudden violent outbursts, panic, or hallucinations. This condition may be associated with psychiatric illnesses (e.g., SCHIZOPHRENIA; MOOD DISORDERS) or organic disorders (NEUROLEPTIC MALIGNANT SYNDROME; ENCEPHALITIS, etc.). (From DSM-IV, 4th ed, 1994; APA, Thesaurus of Psychological Index Terms, 1994)		04.3140
Severe Acute Malnutrition
Acute form of MALNUTRITION which usually affects children, characterized by a very low weight for height (below -3z scores of the median World Health Organization standards), visible severe wasting, or occurrence of nutritional EDEMA. It can be a direct or indirect cause of fatality in children suffering from DIARRHEA and PNEUMONIA. Do not confuse with starvation, a condition in which the body is not getting enough food, usually for extended periods of time.		04.3531
Cancer of Prostate
[description not available]		08.97291
Prostatic Neoplasms
Tumors or cancer of the PROSTATE.		08.97291
6th Nerve Palsy
[description not available]		03.0120
Convulsions, Febrile
[description not available]		02.4220
Seizures, Febrile
Seizures that occur during a febrile episode. It is a common condition, affecting 2-5% of children aged 3 months to five years. An autosomal dominant pattern of inheritance has been identified in some families. The majority are simple febrile seizures (generally defined as generalized onset, single seizures with a duration of less than 30 minutes). Complex febrile seizures are characterized by focal onset, duration greater than 30 minutes, and/or more than one seizure in a 24 hour period. The likelihood of developing epilepsy (i.e., a nonfebrile seizure disorder) following simple febrile seizures is low. Complex febrile seizures are associated with a moderately increased incidence of epilepsy. (From Menkes, Textbook of Child Neurology, 5th ed, p784)		02.4220
Stunted Growth
[description not available]		04.43220
Growth Disorders
Deviations from the average values for a specific age and sex in any or all of the following: height, weight, skeletal proportions, osseous development, or maturation of features. Included here are both acceleration and retardation of growth.		04.43220
Cholera Infantum
[description not available]		08.48760
Abdominal Epilepsy
[description not available]		02.5820
Epilepsies, Partial
Conditions characterized by recurrent paroxysmal neuronal discharges which arise from a focal region of the brain. Partial seizures are divided into simple and complex, depending on whether consciousness is unaltered (simple partial seizure) or disturbed (complex partial seizure). Both types may feature a wide variety of motor, sensory, and autonomic symptoms. Partial seizures may be classified by associated clinical features or anatomic location of the seizure focus. A secondary generalized seizure refers to a partial seizure that spreads to involve the brain diffusely. (From Adams et al., Principles of Neurology, 6th ed, pp317)		02.5820
Acute Liver Injury, Drug-Induced
[description not available]		06.23350
Chemical and Drug Induced Liver Injury
A spectrum of clinical liver diseases ranging from mild biochemical abnormalities to ACUTE LIVER FAILURE, caused by drugs, drug metabolites, herbal and dietary supplements and chemicals from the environment.		06.23350
Rodent Diseases
Diseases of rodents of the order RODENTIA. This term includes diseases of Sciuridae (squirrels), Geomyidae (gophers), Heteromyidae (pouched mice), Castoridae (beavers), Cricetidae (rats and mice), Muridae (Old World rats and mice), Erethizontidae (porcupines), and Caviidae (guinea pigs).		02.940
Anemia, Cooley's
[description not available]		04.95150
beta-Thalassemia
A disorder characterized by reduced synthesis of the beta chains of hemoglobin. There is retardation of hemoglobin A synthesis in the heterozygous form (thalassemia minor), which is asymptomatic, while in the homozygous form (thalassemia major, Cooley's anemia, Mediterranean anemia, erythroblastic anemia), which can result in severe complications and even death, hemoglobin A synthesis is absent.		04.95150
African Sleeping Sickness
[description not available]		03.9911
Trypanosomiasis, African
A disease endemic among people and animals in Central Africa. It is caused by various species of trypanosomes, particularly T. gambiense and T. rhodesiense. Its second host is the TSETSE FLY. Involvement of the central nervous system produces African sleeping sickness. Nagana is a rapidly fatal trypanosomiasis of horses and other animals.		03.9911
Muscle Spasm
[description not available]		02.940
Spasm
An involuntary contraction of a muscle or group of muscles. Spasms may involve SKELETAL MUSCLE or SMOOTH MUSCLE.		02.940
Anal Cancer
[description not available]		03.0120
Anus Neoplasms
Tumors or cancer of the ANAL CANAL.		03.0120
Chronic Illness
[description not available]		015.5221917
Chronic Disease
Diseases which have one or more of the following characteristics: they are permanent, leave residual disability, are caused by nonreversible pathological alteration, require special training of the patient for rehabilitation, or may be expected to require a long period of supervision, observation, or care (Dictionary of Health Services Management, 2d ed). For epidemiological studies chronic disease often includes HEART DISEASES; STROKE; CANCER; and diabetes (DIABETES MELLITUS, TYPE 2).		015.5221917
Carcinoma, Epidermoid
[description not available]		06.87194
Carcinoma, Squamous Cell
A carcinoma derived from stratified SQUAMOUS EPITHELIAL CELLS. It may also occur in sites where glandular or columnar epithelium is normally present. (From Stedman, 25th ed)		06.87194
Dysgeusia
A condition characterized by alterations of the sense of taste which may range from mild to severe, including gross distortions of taste quality.		03.9640
Diarrhea
An increased liquidity or decreased consistency of FECES, such as running stool. Fecal consistency is related to the ratio of water-holding capacity of insoluble solids to total water, rather than the amount of water present. Diarrhea is not hyperdefecation or increased fecal weight.		021.5613425
Esophageal Reflux
[description not available]		04.74110
Gastroduodenal Ulcer
[description not available]		08.63562
Gastroesophageal Reflux
Retrograde flow of gastric juice (GASTRIC ACID) and/or duodenal contents (BILE ACIDS; PANCREATIC JUICE) into the distal ESOPHAGUS, commonly due to incompetence of the LOWER ESOPHAGEAL SPHINCTER.		04.74110
Peptic Ulcer
Ulcer that occurs in the regions of the GASTROINTESTINAL TRACT which come into contact with GASTRIC JUICE containing PEPSIN and GASTRIC ACID. It occurs when there are defects in the MUCOSA barrier. The common forms of peptic ulcers are associated with HELICOBACTER PYLORI and the consumption of nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDS).		08.63562
Infections, Plasmodium
[description not available]		07.76162
Malaria
A protozoan disease caused in humans by four species of the PLASMODIUM genus: PLASMODIUM FALCIPARUM; PLASMODIUM VIVAX; PLASMODIUM OVALE; and PLASMODIUM MALARIAE; and transmitted by the bite of an infected female mosquito of the genus ANOPHELES. Malaria is endemic in parts of Asia, Africa, Central and South America, Oceania, and certain Caribbean islands. It is characterized by extreme exhaustion associated with paroxysms of high FEVER; SWEATING; shaking CHILLS; and ANEMIA. Malaria in ANIMALS is caused by other species of plasmodia.		012.76162
Addison's Disease
[description not available]		03.89130
Addison Disease
An adrenal disease characterized by the progressive destruction of the ADRENAL CORTEX, resulting in insufficient production of ALDOSTERONE and HYDROCORTISONE. Clinical symptoms include ANOREXIA; NAUSEA; WEIGHT LOSS; MUSCLE WEAKNESS; and HYPERPIGMENTATION of the SKIN due to increase in circulating levels of ACTH precursor hormone which stimulates MELANOCYTES.		03.89130
Prediabetes
[description not available]		03.1840
Prediabetic State
The time period before the development of symptomatic diabetes. For example, certain risk factors can be observed in subjects who subsequently develop INSULIN RESISTANCE as in type 2 diabetes (DIABETES MELLITUS, TYPE 2).		03.1840
Abdominal Obesity
[description not available]		03.4820
Experimental Pneumococcal Meningitis
[description not available]		02.7620
Meningitis, Pneumococcal
An acute purulent infection of the meninges and subarachnoid space caused by Streptococcus pneumoniae, most prevalent in children and adults over the age of 60. This illness may be associated with OTITIS MEDIA; MASTOIDITIS; SINUSITIS; RESPIRATORY TRACT INFECTIONS; sickle cell disease (ANEMIA, SICKLE CELL); skull fractures; and other disorders. Clinical manifestations include FEVER; HEADACHE; neck stiffness; and somnolence followed by SEIZURES; focal neurologic deficits (notably DEAFNESS); and COMA. (From Miller et al., Merritt's Textbook of Neurology, 9th ed, p111)		02.7620
Bacterial Vaginitides
[description not available]		02.610
Vaginosis, Bacterial
Polymicrobial, nonspecific vaginitis associated with positive cultures of Gardnerella vaginalis and other anaerobic organisms and a decrease in lactobacilli. It remains unclear whether the initial pathogenic event is caused by the growth of anaerobes or a primary decrease in lactobacilli.		02.610
Acne
[description not available]		09.39233
Acne Vulgaris
A chronic disorder of the pilosebaceous apparatus associated with an increase in sebum secretion. It is characterized by open comedones (blackheads), closed comedones (whiteheads), and pustular nodules. The cause is unknown, but heredity and age are predisposing factors.		014.39233
Deafness, Transitory
[description not available]		04.9181
Hearing Loss
A general term for the complete or partial loss of the ability to hear from one or both ears.		09.9181
Metabolic Acidosis
[description not available]		07.03311
Acidosis, Diabetic
[description not available]		03.4720
Acidosis
A pathologic condition of acid accumulation or depletion of base in the body. The two main types are RESPIRATORY ACIDOSIS and metabolic acidosis, due to metabolic acid build up.		07.03311
Diabetic Ketoacidosis
A life-threatening complication of diabetes mellitus, primarily of TYPE 1 DIABETES MELLITUS with severe INSULIN deficiency and extreme HYPERGLYCEMIA. It is characterized by KETOSIS; DEHYDRATION; and depressed consciousness leading to COMA.		03.4720
Astrocytoma, Grade IV
[description not available]		02.9340
Glioblastoma
A malignant form of astrocytoma histologically characterized by pleomorphism of cells, nuclear atypia, microhemorrhage, and necrosis. They may arise in any region of the central nervous system, with a predilection for the cerebral hemispheres, basal ganglia, and commissural pathways. Clinical presentation most frequently occurs in the fifth or sixth decade of life with focal neurologic signs or seizures.		02.9340
Dermatoses
[description not available]		06.23250
Skin Diseases
Diseases involving the DERMIS or EPIDERMIS.		06.23250
Cerebral Palsy, Athetoid
[description not available]		03.67100
Cerebral Palsy
A heterogeneous group of nonprogressive motor disorders caused by chronic brain injuries that originate in the prenatal period, perinatal period, or first few years of life. The four major subtypes are spastic, athetoid, ataxic, and mixed cerebral palsy, with spastic forms being the most common. The motor disorder may range from difficulties with fine motor control to severe spasticity (see MUSCLE SPASTICITY) in all limbs. Spastic diplegia (Little disease) is the most common subtype, and is characterized by spasticity that is more prominent in the legs than in the arms. Pathologically, this condition may be associated with LEUKOMALACIA, PERIVENTRICULAR. (From Dev Med Child Neurol 1998 Aug;40(8):520-7)		03.67100
Child Mental Disorders
[description not available]		04.0340
Day Blindness
[description not available]		06.87250
Neurodevelopmental Disorders
These are a group of conditions with onset in the developmental period. The disorders typically manifest early in development, often before the child enters grade school, and are characterized by developmental deficits that produce impairments of personal, social, academic, or occupational functioning. (From DSM-5).		04.0340
Acute Lymphoid Leukemia
[description not available]		04.33180
Precursor Cell Lymphoblastic Leukemia-Lymphoma
A neoplasm characterized by abnormalities of the lymphoid cell precursors leading to excessive lymphoblasts in the marrow and other organs. It is the most common cancer in children and accounts for the vast majority of all childhood leukemias.		04.33180
Low Back Ache
[description not available]		05.4251
Low Back Pain
Acute or chronic pain in the lumbar or sacral regions, which may be associated with musculo-ligamentous SPRAINS AND STRAINS; INTERVERTEBRAL DISK DISPLACEMENT; and other conditions.		05.4251
Daytime Sleepiness
[description not available]		02.4420
Disorders of Excessive Somnolence
Disorders characterized by hypersomnolence during normal waking hours that may impair cognitive functioning. Subtypes include primary hypersomnia disorders (e.g., IDIOPATHIC HYPERSOMNOLENCE; NARCOLEPSY; and KLEINE-LEVIN SYNDROME) and secondary hypersomnia disorders where excessive somnolence can be attributed to a known cause (e.g., drug affect, MENTAL DISORDERS, and SLEEP APNEA SYNDROME). (From J Neurol Sci 1998 Jan 8;153(2):192-202; Thorpy, Principles and Practice of Sleep Medicine, 2nd ed, p320)		02.4420
Local Neoplasm Recurrence
[description not available]		06.3982
Carcinoma, Transitional Cell
A malignant neoplasm derived from TRANSITIONAL EPITHELIAL CELLS, occurring chiefly in the URINARY BLADDER; URETERS; or RENAL PELVIS.		05.0952
Late Onset Diseases
[description not available]		02.8930
Burning Mouth Syndrome
A group of painful oral symptoms associated with a burning or similar sensation. There is usually a significant organic component with a degree of functional overlay; it is not limited to the psychophysiologic group of disorders.		05.9790
Ductal Carcinoma
[description not available]		02.2110
Breast Cancer
[description not available]		018.486110
Breast Neoplasms
Tumors or cancer of the human BREAST.		013.486110
Carcinoma, Ductal
Malignant neoplasms involving the ductal systems of any of a number of organs, such as the MAMMARY GLANDS, the PANCREAS, the PROSTATE, or the LACRIMAL GLAND.		02.2110
Glue Abuse
[description not available]		02.5220
Clinically Isolated CNS Demyelinating Syndrome
[description not available]		07.6370
Psychoses, Drug
[description not available]		03.420
Demyelinating Diseases
Diseases characterized by loss or dysfunction of myelin in the central or peripheral nervous system.		07.6370
Child Behavior Disorders
Disturbances considered to be pathological based on age and stage appropriateness, e.g., conduct disturbances and anaclitic depression. This concept does not include psychoneuroses, psychoses, or personality disorders with fixed patterns.		03.0650
Auditory Processing Disorder, Central
[description not available]		02.5820
Cerebromedullospinal Disconnection
[description not available]		02.3110
Nutritional Disorders
[description not available]		014.011221
Weight Reduction
[description not available]		012.9376
Nutrition Disorders
Disorders caused by nutritional imbalance, either overnutrition or undernutrition.		014.011221
Weight Loss
Decrease in existing BODY WEIGHT.		012.9376
Acne Inversa
[description not available]		04.4740
Hidradenitis Suppurativa
A chronic suppurative and cicatricial disease of the apocrine glands occurring chiefly in the axillae in women and in the groin and anal regions in men. It is characterized by poral occlusion with secondary bacterial infection, evolving into abscesses which eventually rupture. As the disease becomes chronic, ulcers appear, sinus tracts enlarge, fistulas develop, and fibrosis and scarring become evident.		04.4740
Pellagra
A disease due to deficiency of NIACIN, a B-complex vitamin, or its precursor TRYPTOPHAN. It is characterized by scaly DERMATITIS which is often associated with DIARRHEA and DEMENTIA (the three D's).		010.28130
Dermatitis
Any inflammation of the skin.		07.6430
Deficiency, Thiamine
[description not available]		08.06211
Thiamine Deficiency
A nutritional condition produced by a deficiency of THIAMINE in the diet, characterized by anorexia, irritability, and weight loss. Later, patients experience weakness, peripheral neuropathy, headache, and tachycardia. In addition to being caused by a poor diet, thiamine deficiency in the United States most commonly occurs as a result of alcoholism, since ethanol interferes with thiamine absorption. In countries relying on polished rice as a dietary staple, BERIBERI prevalence is very high. (From Cecil Textbook of Medicine, 19th ed, p1171)		08.06211
Palmoplantaris Pustulosis
[description not available]		010.51502
Psoriasis
A common genetically determined, chronic, inflammatory skin disease characterized by rounded erythematous, dry, scaling patches. The lesions have a predilection for nails, scalp, genitalia, extensor surfaces, and the lumbosacral region. Accelerated epidermopoiesis is considered to be the fundamental pathologic feature in psoriasis.		010.51502
Blood Diseases
[description not available]		012.961076
Hematologic Diseases
Disorders of the blood and blood forming tissues.		012.961076
Female Genital Neoplasms
[description not available]		03.0650
Hypesthesia
Absent or reduced sensitivity to cutaneous stimulation.		04.9281
Injuries, Radiation
[description not available]		07.75291
Genital Neoplasms, Female
Tumor or cancer of the female reproductive tract (GENITALIA, FEMALE).		03.0650
Carcinoma, Non-Small Cell Lung
[description not available]		010.97239
Carcinoma, Non-Small-Cell Lung
A heterogeneous aggregate of at least three distinct histological types of lung cancer, including SQUAMOUS CELL CARCINOMA; ADENOCARCINOMA; and LARGE CELL CARCINOMA. They are dealt with collectively because of their shared treatment strategy.		010.97239
Malignant Mesothelioma
[description not available]		03.9821
Mesothelioma
A tumor derived from mesothelial tissue (peritoneum, pleura, pericardium). It appears as broad sheets of cells, with some regions containing spindle-shaped, sarcoma-like cells and other regions showing adenomatous patterns. Pleural mesotheliomas have been linked to exposure to asbestos. (Dorland, 27th ed)		07.2972
Acquired Metabolic Diseases, Brain
[description not available]		02.9440
Bewilderment
[description not available]		03.690
Altered Level of Consciousness
[description not available]		02.4120
Emesis
[description not available]		07.26222
Vomiting
The forcible expulsion of the contents of the STOMACH through the MOUTH.		07.26222
Fetal Growth Restriction
[description not available]		09.18212
Fetal Growth Retardation
Failure of a FETUS to attain expected GROWTH.		09.18212
Genital Diseases, Male
Pathological processes involving the male reproductive tract (GENITALIA, MALE).		02.2110
Genital Herpes
[description not available]		02.2110
Herpes Genitalis
Infection of the genitals (GENITALIA) with HERPES SIMPLEX VIRUS in either the males or the females.		02.2110
Pyrexia
[description not available]		06.17180
Fever
An abnormal elevation of body temperature, usually as a result of a pathologic process.		06.17180
Cranial Sinus Thrombosis
[description not available]		03.3960
Bradyarrhythmia
[description not available]		02.2510
Bilateral Headache
[description not available]		03.96140
Colicky Pain
[description not available]		02.7530
Acute Hemolytic Transfusion Reaction
[description not available]		03.2660
Bradycardia
Cardiac arrhythmias that are characterized by excessively slow HEART RATE, usually below 50 beats per minute in human adults. They can be classified broadly into SINOATRIAL NODE dysfunction and ATRIOVENTRICULAR BLOCK.		02.2510
Headache
The symptom of PAIN in the cranial region. It may be an isolated benign occurrence or manifestation of a wide variety of HEADACHE DISORDERS.		03.96140
Nausea
An unpleasant sensation in the stomach usually accompanied by the urge to vomit. Common causes are early pregnancy, sea and motion sickness, emotional stress, intense pain, food poisoning, and various enteroviruses.		09.12104
Abdominal Pain
Sensation of discomfort, distress, or agony in the abdominal region.		02.7530
Transfusion Reaction
Complications of BLOOD TRANSFUSION. Included adverse reactions are common allergic and febrile reactions; hemolytic (delayed and acute) reactions; and other non-hemolytic adverse reactions such as infections and adverse immune reactions related to immunocompatibility.		03.2660
Anovulation
Suspension or cessation of OVULATION in animals or humans with follicle-containing ovaries (OVARIAN FOLLICLE). Depending on the etiology, OVULATION may be induced with appropriate therapy.		03.8721
Depression, Endogenous
[description not available]		012.46508
Depressive Disorder
An affective disorder manifested by either a dysphoric mood or loss of interest or pleasure in usual activities. The mood disturbance is prominent and relatively persistent.		012.46508
Deficiency Diseases
A condition produced by dietary or metabolic deficiency. The term includes all diseases caused by an insufficient supply of essential nutrients, i.e., protein (or amino acids), vitamins, and minerals. It also includes an inadequacy of calories. (From Dorland, 27th ed; Stedman, 25th ed)		013.011015
Adenocarcinoma, Basal Cell
[description not available]		08.34344
Cancer of Pancreas
[description not available]		06.9161
Adenocarcinoma
A malignant epithelial tumor with a glandular organization.		08.34344
Pancreatic Neoplasms
Tumors or cancer of the PANCREAS. Depending on the types of ISLET CELLS present in the tumors, various hormones can be secreted: GLUCAGON from PANCREATIC ALPHA CELLS; INSULIN from PANCREATIC BETA CELLS; and SOMATOSTATIN from the SOMATOSTATIN-SECRETING CELLS. Most are malignant except the insulin-producing tumors (INSULINOMA).		06.9161
Motor Disorders
Motor skills deficits that significantly and persistently interfere with ACTIVITIES OF DAILY LIVING appropriate to chronological age. (from DSM-5)		02.2110
Carcinoma, Anaplastic
[description not available]		04.32200
Cancer of Larynx
[description not available]		03.85120
Carcinoma
A malignant neoplasm made up of epithelial cells tending to infiltrate the surrounding tissues and give rise to metastases. It is a histological type of neoplasm and not a synonym for cancer.		04.32200
Laryngeal Neoplasms
Cancers or tumors of the LARYNX or any of its parts: the GLOTTIS; EPIGLOTTIS; LARYNGEAL CARTILAGES; LARYNGEAL MUSCLES; and VOCAL CORDS.		03.85120
Acid beta-Glucosidase Deficiency
[description not available]		04.6260
Gaucher Disease
An autosomal recessive disorder caused by a deficiency of acid beta-glucosidase (GLUCOSYLCERAMIDASE) leading to intralysosomal accumulation of glycosylceramide mainly in cells of the MONONUCLEAR PHAGOCYTE SYSTEM. The characteristic Gaucher cells, glycosphingolipid-filled HISTIOCYTES, displace normal cells in BONE MARROW and visceral organs causing skeletal deterioration, hepatosplenomegaly, and organ dysfunction. There are several subtypes based on the presence and severity of neurological involvement.		04.6260
Nerve Degeneration
Loss of functional activity and trophic degeneration of nerve axons and their terminal arborizations following the destruction of their cells of origin or interruption of their continuity with these cells. The pathology is characteristic of neurodegenerative diseases. Often the process of nerve degeneration is studied in research on neuroanatomical localization and correlation of the neurophysiology of neural pathways.		07.79411
Acute Disease
Disease having a short and relatively severe course.		012.478310
Pulsatile Tinnitus
[description not available]		0591
Tinnitus
A nonspecific symptom of hearing disorder characterized by the sensation of buzzing, ringing, clicking, pulsations, and other noises in the ear. Objective tinnitus refers to noises generated from within the ear or adjacent structures that can be heard by other individuals. The term subjective tinnitus is used when the sound is audible only to the affected individual. Tinnitus may occur as a manifestation of COCHLEAR DISEASES; VESTIBULOCOCHLEAR NERVE DISEASES; INTRACRANIAL HYPERTENSION; CRANIOCEREBRAL TRAUMA; and other conditions.		01091
Benign Intracranial Hypertension
[description not available]		02.3920
Pseudotumor Cerebri
A condition marked by raised intracranial pressure and characterized clinically by HEADACHES; NAUSEA; PAPILLEDEMA, peripheral constriction of the visual fields, transient visual obscurations, and pulsatile TINNITUS. OBESITY is frequently associated with this condition, which primarily affects women between 20 and 44 years of age. Chronic PAPILLEDEMA may lead to optic nerve injury (see OPTIC NERVE DISEASES) and visual loss (see BLINDNESS).		02.3920
Hospital-Acquired Condition
[description not available]		07.09111
Dysmyelopoietic Syndromes
[description not available]		07.28141
Myelodysplastic Syndromes
Clonal hematopoietic stem cell disorders characterized by dysplasia in one or more hematopoietic cell lineages. They predominantly affect patients over 60, are considered preleukemic conditions, and have high probability of transformation into ACUTE MYELOID LEUKEMIA.		07.28141
Hallucination of Body Sensation
[description not available]		02.2510
Hallucinations
Subjectively experienced sensations in the absence of an appropriate stimulus, but which are regarded by the individual as real. They may be of organic origin or associated with MENTAL DISORDERS.		02.2510
Verruca
[description not available]		02.4520
Warts
Benign epidermal proliferations or tumors; some are viral in origin.		02.4520
Amyloid Deposits
[description not available]		03.7630
Dysarthosis
[description not available]		02.2510
Clasp-Knife Spasticity
[description not available]		04.68100
Muscle Spasticity
A form of muscle hypertonia associated with upper MOTOR NEURON DISEASE. Resistance to passive stretch of a spastic muscle results in minimal initial resistance (a free interval) followed by an incremental increase in muscle tone. Tone increases in proportion to the velocity of stretch. Spasticity is usually accompanied by HYPERREFLEXIA and variable degrees of MUSCLE WEAKNESS. (From Adams et al., Principles of Neurology, 6th ed, p54)		04.68100
Infections, Respiratory
[description not available]		011.942717
Respiratory Tract Infections
Invasion of the host RESPIRATORY SYSTEM by microorganisms, usually leading to pathological processes or diseases.		011.942717
Poisoning, Lead
[description not available]		04.34210
Lead Poisoning
Poisoning that results from chronic or acute ingestion, injection, inhalation, or skin absorption of LEAD or lead compounds.		04.34210
Recrudescence
[description not available]		014.579519
Degenerative Disc Disease
[description not available]		02.2510
Disc, Herniated
[description not available]		06.23131
Intervertebral Disc Displacement
An INTERVERTEBRAL DISC in which the NUCLEUS PULPOSUS has protruded through surrounding ANNULUS FIBROSUS. This occurs most frequently in the lower lumbar region.		06.23131
Intervertebral Disc Degeneration
Degenerative changes in the INTERVERTEBRAL DISC due to aging or structural damage, especially to the vertebral end-plates.		02.2510
Ecchymosis
Extravasation of blood into the skin, resulting in a nonelevated, rounded or irregular, blue or purplish patch, larger than a petechia.		02.2510
Hepatocellular Carcinoma
[description not available]		07.75401
Cancer of Liver
[description not available]		08.03620
Carcinoma, Hepatocellular
A primary malignant neoplasm of epithelial liver cells. It ranges from a well-differentiated tumor with EPITHELIAL CELLS indistinguishable from normal HEPATOCYTES to a poorly differentiated neoplasm. The cells may be uniform or markedly pleomorphic, or form GIANT CELLS. Several classification schemes have been suggested.		07.75401
Liver Neoplasms
Tumors or cancer of the LIVER.		08.03620
Co-infection
[description not available]		02.5320
HbS Disease
[description not available]		09.64272
Anemia, Sickle Cell
A disease characterized by chronic hemolytic anemia, episodic painful crises, and pathologic involvement of many organs. It is the clinical expression of homozygosity for hemoglobin S.		09.64272
Multiple System Atrophy Syndrome
[description not available]		02.5720
Multiple System Atrophy
A syndrome complex composed of three conditions which represent clinical variants of the same disease process: STRIATONIGRAL DEGENERATION; SHY-DRAGER SYNDROME; and the sporadic form of OLIVOPONTOCEREBELLAR ATROPHIES. Clinical features include autonomic, cerebellar, and basal ganglia dysfunction. Pathologic examination reveals atrophy of the basal ganglia, cerebellum, pons, and medulla, with prominent loss of autonomic neurons in the brain stem and spinal cord. (From Adams et al., Principles of Neurology, 6th ed, p1076; Baillieres Clin Neurol 1997 Apr;6(1):187-204; Med Clin North Am 1999 Mar;83(2):381-92)		02.5720
Bladder Disorder, Neurogenic
[description not available]		04.9442
Urinary Bladder, Neurogenic
Dysfunction of the URINARY BLADDER due to disease of the central or peripheral nervous system pathways involved in the control of URINATION. This is often associated with SPINAL CORD DISEASES, but may also be caused by BRAIN DISEASES or PERIPHERAL NERVE DISEASES.		04.9442
Uremia
A clinical syndrome associated with the retention of renal waste products or uremic toxins in the blood. It is usually the result of RENAL INSUFFICIENCY. Most uremic toxins are end products of protein or nitrogen CATABOLISM, such as UREA or CREATININE. Severe uremia can lead to multiple organ dysfunctions with a constellation of symptoms.		08.93521
Ejaculatio Praecox
[description not available]		03.5120
Sex Disorders
[description not available]		03.3120
Sexual Dysfunction, Physiological
Physiological disturbances in normal sexual performance in either the male or the female.		03.3120
Premature Ejaculation
The emission of SEMEN and seminal fluid during the act of preparation for sexual intercourse, i.e. before there is penetration, or shortly after penetration.		03.5120
Postherpetic Neuralgia
[description not available]		08.2976
Herpes Zoster, Ocular
[description not available]		05.0152
Herpes Zoster Ophthalmicus
Virus infection of the Gasserian ganglion and its nerve branches characterized by pain and vesicular eruptions with much swelling. Ocular involvement is usually heralded by a vesicle on the tip of the nose. This area is innervated by the nasociliary nerve.		05.0152
Neuralgia, Postherpetic
Pain in nerves, frequently involving facial SKIN, resulting from the activation the latent varicella-zoster virus (HERPESVIRUS 3, HUMAN). The two forms of the condition preceding the pain are HERPES ZOSTER OTICUS; and HERPES ZOSTER OPHTHALMICUS. Following the healing of the rashes and blisters, the pain sometimes persists.		08.2976
Dermatitis Exfoliativa
[description not available]		03.5590
Dermatitis Medicamentosa
[description not available]		05.45150
Dermatitis, Exfoliative
The widespread involvement of the skin by a scaly, erythematous dermatitis occurring either as a secondary or reactive process to an underlying cutaneous disorder (e.g., atopic dermatitis, psoriasis, etc.), or as a primary or idiopathic disease. It is often associated with the loss of hair and nails, hyperkeratosis of the palms and soles, and pruritus. (From Dorland, 27th ed)		03.5590
Acneiform Eruptions
Visible efflorescent lesions of the skin caused by acne or resembling acne. (Dorland, 28th ed, p18, 575)		03.9740
Abnormal Movements
[description not available]		03.1650
Failure to Thrive
A condition of substandard growth or diminished capacity to maintain normal function.		09250
Acinetobacter Infections
Infections with bacteria of the genus ACINETOBACTER.		03.4720
Berger Disease
[description not available]		02.2510
A-Thalassemia
[description not available]		02.6920
Glomerulonephritis, IGA
A chronic form of glomerulonephritis characterized by deposits of predominantly IMMUNOGLOBULIN A in the mesangial area (GLOMERULAR MESANGIUM). Deposits of COMPLEMENT C3 and IMMUNOGLOBULIN G are also often found. Clinical features may progress from asymptomatic HEMATURIA to END-STAGE KIDNEY DISEASE.		02.2510
alpha-Thalassemia
A disorder characterized by reduced synthesis of the alpha chains of hemoglobin. The severity of this condition can vary from mild anemia to death, depending on the number of genes deleted.		02.6920
Congenital Immunodeficiency Disease
[description not available]		03.1710
Primary Immunodeficiency Diseases
Genetic immunologic deficiency diseases and syndromes due to mutations in genes involved in IMMUNITY generally characterized by an increased susceptibility to infectious diseases. They are often associated with AUTOIMMUNE DISEASE manifestations.		03.1710
Gastric Diseases
[description not available]		07.29251
Infections, Coronavirus
[description not available]		02.9430
Cacosmia
[description not available]		04.3241
Taste Disorder, Anterior Tongue
[description not available]		03.1250
Pneumonia, Viral
Inflammation of the lung parenchyma that is caused by a viral infection.		03.1840
Coronavirus Infections
Virus diseases caused by the CORONAVIRUS genus. Some specifics include transmissible enteritis of turkeys (ENTERITIS, TRANSMISSIBLE, OF TURKEYS); FELINE INFECTIOUS PERITONITIS; and transmissible gastroenteritis of swine (GASTROENTERITIS, TRANSMISSIBLE, OF SWINE).		02.9430
Brain Disorders
[description not available]		08.05391
Amebiasis, Intestinal
[description not available]		02.2510
Brain Diseases
Pathologic conditions affecting the BRAIN, which is composed of the intracranial components of the CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM. This includes (but is not limited to) the CEREBRAL CORTEX; intracranial white matter; BASAL GANGLIA; THALAMUS; HYPOTHALAMUS; BRAIN STEM; and CEREBELLUM.		08.05391
Anorectal Anomalies
[description not available]		02.2510
Acute Porphyria
[description not available]		03.2360
Porphyria, Acute Intermittent
An autosomal dominant porphyria that is due to a deficiency of HYDROXYMETHYLBILANE SYNTHASE in the LIVER, the third enzyme in the 8-enzyme biosynthetic pathway of HEME. Clinical features are recurrent and life-threatening neurologic disturbances, ABDOMINAL PAIN, and elevated level of AMINOLEVULINIC ACID and PORPHOBILINOGEN in the urine.		03.2360
Compression Fractures
[description not available]		02.2510
Osteoporotic Fractures
Breaks in bones resulting from low bone mass and microarchitectural deterioration characteristic of OSTEOPOROSIS.		08.0484
Arachnodactyly
An abnormal bone development that is characterized by extra long and slender hands and fingers, such that the clenched thumb extends beyond the ulnar side of the hand. Arachnodactyly can include feet and toes. Arachnodactyly has been associated with several gene mutations and syndromes.		02.2510
47,XX,+21
[description not available]		06.96200
Familial Turner Syndrome
[description not available]		02.2510
Pulmonary Arterial Hypertension
A progressive rare pulmonary disease characterized by high blood pressure in the PULMONARY ARTERY.		02.2510
Contracture
Prolonged shortening of the muscle or other soft tissue around a joint, preventing movement of the joint.		02.2510
Down Syndrome
A chromosome disorder associated either with an extra chromosome 21 or an effective trisomy for chromosome 21. Clinical manifestations include hypotonia, short stature, brachycephaly, upslanting palpebral fissures, epicanthus, Brushfield spots on the iris, protruding tongue, small ears, short, broad hands, fifth finger clinodactyly, Simian crease, and moderate to severe INTELLECTUAL DISABILITY. Cardiac and gastrointestinal malformations, a marked increase in the incidence of LEUKEMIA, and the early onset of ALZHEIMER DISEASE are also associated with this condition. Pathologic features include the development of NEUROFIBRILLARY TANGLES in neurons and the deposition of AMYLOID BETA-PROTEIN, similar to the pathology of ALZHEIMER DISEASE. (Menkes, Textbook of Child Neurology, 5th ed, p213)		06.96200
Noonan Syndrome
A genetically heterogeneous, multifaceted disorder characterized by short stature, webbed neck, ptosis, skeletal malformations, hypertelorism, hormonal imbalance, CRYPTORCHIDISM, multiple cardiac abnormalities (most commonly including PULMONARY VALVE STENOSIS), and some degree of INTELLECTUAL DISABILITY. The phenotype bears similarities to that of TURNER SYNDROME that occurs only in females and has its basis in a 45, X karyotype abnormality. Noonan syndrome occurs in both males and females with a normal karyotype (46,XX and 46,XY). Mutations in a several genes (PTPN11, KRAS, SOS1, NF1 and RAF1) have been associated the NS phenotype. Mutations in PTPN11 are the most common. LEOPARD SYNDROME, a disorder that has clinical features overlapping those of Noonan Syndrome, is also due to mutations in PTPN11. In addition, there is overlap with the syndrome called neurofibromatosis-Noonan syndrome due to mutations in NF1.		02.2510
Lichen Planus, Oral
Oral lesions accompanying cutaneous lichen planus or often occurring alone. The buccal mucosa, lips, gingivae, floor of the mouth, and palate are usually affected (in a descending order of frequency). Typically, oral lesions consist of radiating white or gray, velvety, threadlike lines, arranged in a reticular pattern, at the intersection of which there may be minute, white, elevated dots or streaks (Wickham's striae). (Jablonski, Illustrated Dictionary of Dentistry)		05.2941
Cochlear Hearing Loss
[description not available]		05.0752
Deafness, Sudden
Complete sensorineural hearing loss which develops suddenly over a period of hours or a few days.		04.6961
Hearing Loss, Sensorineural
Hearing loss resulting from damage to the COCHLEA and the sensorineural elements which lie internally beyond the oval and round windows. These elements include the AUDITORY NERVE and its connections in the BRAINSTEM.		05.0752
Allergic Contact Dermatitis
[description not available]		02.2510
Hand Dermatosis
[description not available]		02.2510
Foot Dermatoses
Skin diseases of the foot, general or unspecified.		02.420
Hand Dermatoses
Skin diseases involving the HANDS.		02.2510
Dermatitis, Allergic Contact
A contact dermatitis due to allergic sensitization to various substances. These substances subsequently produce inflammatory reactions in the skin of those who have acquired hypersensitivity to them as a result of prior exposure.		02.2510
Anemia, Congenital Nonspherocytic Hemolytic
[description not available]		04.2640
Pyruvate Metabolism, Inborn Errors
Hereditary disorders of pyruvate metabolism. They are difficult to diagnose and describe because pyruvate is a key intermediate in glycolysis, gluconeogenesis, and the tricarboxylic acid cycle. Some inherited metabolic disorders may alter pyruvate metabolism indirectly. Disorders in pyruvate metabolism appear to lead to deficiencies in neurotransmitter synthesis and, consequently, to nervous system disorders.		03.320
Bone Loss, Perimenopausal
[description not available]		04.76110
Bone Inflammation
[description not available]		02.2510
Osteoporosis, Postmenopausal
Metabolic disorder associated with fractures of the femoral neck, vertebrae, and distal forearm. It occurs commonly in women within 15-20 years after menopause, and is caused by factors associated with menopause including estrogen deficiency.		04.76110
Abnormalities, Congenital
[description not available]		07.46290
Pain, Chronic
[description not available]		07.3172
Chronic Pain
Aching sensation that persists for more than a few months. It may or may not be associated with trauma or disease, and may persist after the initial injury has healed. Its localization, character, and timing are more vague than with acute pain.		07.3172
Carcinogenesis
The origin, production or development of cancer through genotypic and phenotypic changes which upset the normal balance between cell proliferation and cell death. Carcinogenesis generally requires a constellation of steps, which may occur quickly or over a period of many years.		04.4180
Acute Onset Aura Migraine
[description not available]		06.3742
Common Migraine
[description not available]		04.7821
Migraine with Aura
A subtype of migraine disorder, characterized by recurrent attacks of reversible neurological symptoms (aura) that precede or accompany the headache. Aura may include a combination of sensory disturbances, such as blurred VISION; HALLUCINATIONS; VERTIGO; NUMBNESS; and difficulty in concentrating and speaking. Aura is usually followed by features of the COMMON MIGRAINE, such as PHOTOPHOBIA; PHONOPHOBIA; and NAUSEA. (International Classification of Headache Disorders, 2nd ed. Cephalalgia 2004: suppl 1)		06.3742
Migraine without Aura
Recurrent unilateral pulsatile headaches, not preceded or accompanied by an aura, in attacks lasting 4-72 hours. It is characterized by PAIN of moderate to severe intensity; aggravated by physical activity; and associated with NAUSEA and / or PHOTOPHOBIA and PHONOPHOBIA. (International Classification of Headache Disorders, 2nd ed. Cephalalgia 2004: suppl 1)		04.7821
Acute Relapsing Multiple Sclerosis
[description not available]		02.2510
Multiple Sclerosis, Relapsing-Remitting
The most common clinical variant of MULTIPLE SCLEROSIS, characterized by recurrent acute exacerbations of neurologic dysfunction followed by partial or complete recovery. Common clinical manifestations include loss of visual (see OPTIC NEURITIS), motor, sensory, or bladder function. Acute episodes of demyelination may occur at any site in the central nervous system, and commonly involve the optic nerves, spinal cord, brain stem, and cerebellum. (Adams et al., Principles of Neurology, 6th ed, pp903-914)		02.2510
Ocular Toxicity
[description not available]		02.2510
Choked Disk
[description not available]		02.2510
Vision, Diminished
[description not available]		02.2510
Papilledema
Swelling of the OPTIC DISK, usually in association with increased intracranial pressure, characterized by hyperemia, blurring of the disk margins, microhemorrhages, blind spot enlargement, and engorgement of retinal veins. Chronic papilledema may cause OPTIC ATROPHY and visual loss. (Miller et al., Clinical Neuro-Ophthalmology, 4th ed, p175)		02.2510
Libman-Sacks Disease
[description not available]		07.41281
Lupus Erythematosus, Systemic
A chronic, relapsing, inflammatory, and often febrile multisystemic disorder of connective tissue, characterized principally by involvement of the skin, joints, kidneys, and serosal membranes. It is of unknown etiology, but is thought to represent a failure of the regulatory mechanisms of the autoimmune system. The disease is marked by a wide range of system dysfunctions, an elevated erythrocyte sedimentation rate, and the formation of LE cells in the blood or bone marrow.		07.41281
Eosinophilia, Tropical
[description not available]		06.52111
Eosinophilia
Abnormal increase of EOSINOPHILS in the blood, tissues or organs.		06.52111
Myeloproliferative Disorders
Conditions which cause proliferation of hemopoietically active tissue or of tissue which has embryonic hemopoietic potential. They all involve dysregulation of multipotent MYELOID PROGENITOR CELLS, most often caused by a mutation in the JAK2 PROTEIN TYROSINE KINASE.		08.26381
Surgical Incision
[description not available]		02.2510
Cicatrization
The formation of fibrous tissue in the place of normal tissue during the process of WOUND HEALING. It includes scar tissue formation occurring in healing internal organs as well as in the skin after surface injuries.		02.8840
Cancer of Skin
[description not available]		04.590
Dehiscence, Surgical Wound
[description not available]		02.2510
Cicatrix
The fibrous tissue that replaces normal tissue during the process of WOUND HEALING.		02.8840
Skin Neoplasms
Tumors or cancer of the SKIN.		04.590
Conjugate Nystagmus
[description not available]		02.3920
ASC Atypical Squamous Cells
[description not available]		03.711
Acute Hypercapnic Respiratory Failure
[description not available]		02.6630
Diaphragmatic Paralysis
[description not available]		02.2510
Respiratory Insufficiency
Failure to adequately provide oxygen to cells of the body and to remove excess carbon dioxide from them. (Stedman, 25th ed)		02.6630
Anterior Optic Neuritis
[description not available]		05.86240
Optic Neuritis
Inflammation of the optic nerve. Commonly associated conditions include autoimmune disorders such as MULTIPLE SCLEROSIS, infections, and granulomatous diseases. Clinical features include retro-orbital pain that is aggravated by eye movement, loss of color vision, and contrast sensitivity that may progress to severe visual loss, an afferent pupillary defect (Marcus-Gunn pupil), and in some instances optic disc hyperemia and swelling. Inflammation may occur in the portion of the nerve within the globe (neuropapillitis or anterior optic neuritis) or the portion behind the globe (retrobulbar neuritis or posterior optic neuritis).		05.86240
ADDH
[description not available]		03.3460
Attention Deficit Disorder with Hyperactivity
A behavior disorder originating in childhood in which the essential features are signs of developmentally inappropriate inattention, impulsivity, and hyperactivity. Although most individuals have symptoms of both inattention and hyperactivity-impulsivity, one or the other pattern may be predominant. The disorder is more frequent in males than females. Onset is in childhood. Symptoms often attenuate during late adolescence although a minority experience the full complement of symptoms into mid-adulthood. (From DSM-V)		03.3460
Infections, Listeria
[description not available]		02.6920
Aqueductal Stenosis
[description not available]		03.74110
Gestational Weight Gain
Increase in body weight of the mother during the course of her PREGNANCY.		02.6120
ANS (Autonomic Nervous System) Diseases
[description not available]		07.01162
Hypotension, Postural
[description not available]		06.4692
Hypotension, Orthostatic
A significant drop in BLOOD PRESSURE after assuming a standing position. Orthostatic hypotension is a finding, and defined as a 20-mm Hg decrease in systolic pressure or a 10-mm Hg decrease in diastolic pressure 3 minutes after the person has risen from supine to standing. Symptoms generally include DIZZINESS, blurred vision, and SYNCOPE.		06.4692
Anemia, Sideroblastic
Anemia characterized by the presence of erythroblasts containing excessive deposits of iron in the marrow.		06.96420
Mouth Diseases
Diseases involving the MOUTH.		06.06200
Carcinoma, Ehrlich Tumor
A transplantable, poorly differentiated malignant tumor which appeared originally as a spontaneous breast carcinoma in a mouse. It grows in both solid and ascitic forms.		03.4680
Bleb
[description not available]		03.4820
Arteriosclerosis
Thickening and loss of elasticity of the walls of ARTERIES of all sizes. There are many forms classified by the types of lesions and arteries involved, such as ATHEROSCLEROSIS with fatty lesions in the ARTERIAL INTIMA of medium and large muscular arteries.		015.011227
Kidney Failure
A severe irreversible decline in the ability of kidneys to remove wastes, concentrate URINE, and maintain ELECTROLYTE BALANCE; BLOOD PRESSURE; and CALCIUM metabolism.		07.35251
Renal Insufficiency
Conditions in which the KIDNEYS perform below the normal level in the ability to remove wastes, concentrate URINE, and maintain ELECTROLYTE BALANCE; BLOOD PRESSURE; and CALCIUM metabolism. Renal insufficiency can be classified by the degree of kidney damage (as measured by the level of PROTEINURIA) and reduction in GLOMERULAR FILTRATION RATE.		07.35251
Paraneoplastic Syndromes
In patients with neoplastic diseases a wide variety of clinical pictures which are indirect and usually remote effects produced by tumor cell metabolites or other products.		02.3110
Aphthae
[description not available]		013.284910
Stomatitis, Aphthous
A recurrent disease of the oral mucosa of unknown etiology. It is characterized by small white ulcerative lesions, single or multiple, round or oval. Two to eight crops of lesions occur per year, lasting for 7 to 14 days and then heal without scarring. (From Jablonski's Dictionary of Dentistry, 1992, p742)		013.284910
Hemorrhoids
Swollen veins in the lower part of the RECTUM or ANUS. Hemorrhoids can be inside the anus (internal), under the skin around the anus (external), or protruding from inside to outside of the anus. People with hemorrhoids may or may not exhibit symptoms which include bleeding, itching, and pain.		02.3110
Debility
[description not available]		02.5920
Adrenal Gland Hypofunction
[description not available]		04.7270
Adrenal Insufficiency
Conditions in which the production of adrenal CORTICOSTEROIDS falls below the requirement of the body. Adrenal insufficiency can be caused by defects in the ADRENAL GLANDS, the PITUITARY GLAND, or the HYPOTHALAMUS.		04.7270
Dissociation
[description not available]		02.2510
Astasia-Abasia
[description not available]		02.2510
Deficiency, Magnesium
[description not available]		03.0550
Magnesium Deficiency
A nutritional condition produced by a deficiency of magnesium in the diet, characterized by anorexia, nausea, vomiting, lethargy, and weakness. Symptoms are paresthesias, muscle cramps, irritability, decreased attention span, and mental confusion, possibly requiring months to appear. Deficiency of body magnesium can exist even when serum values are normal. In addition, magnesium deficiency may be organ-selective, since certain tissues become deficient before others. (Harrison's Principles of Internal Medicine, 12th ed, p1936)		03.0550
Lichen Sclerosis
[description not available]		02.3110
Lichen Sclerosus et Atrophicus
A chronic inflammatory mucocutaneous disease usually affecting the female genitalia (VULVAR LICHEN SCLEROSUS) and BALANITIS XEROTICA OBLITERANS in males. It is also called white spot disease and Csillag's disease.		02.3110
Disease, Pulmonary
[description not available]		05.97101
Lung Diseases
Pathological processes involving any part of the LUNG.		05.97101
Colitis Gravis
[description not available]		09.62570
Colitis, Ulcerative
Inflammation of the COLON that is predominantly confined to the MUCOSA. Its major symptoms include DIARRHEA, rectal BLEEDING, the passage of MUCUS, and ABDOMINAL PAIN.		09.62570
Disease Resistance
The capacity of an organism to defend itself against pathological processes or the agents of those processes. This most often involves innate immunity whereby the organism responds to pathogens in a generic way. The term disease resistance is used most frequently when referring to plants.		02.2510
Infections, Pseudomonas
[description not available]		03.8140
Pseudomonas Infections
Infections with bacteria of the genus PSEUDOMONAS.		03.8140
Eczema, Atopic
[description not available]		07.02102
Dermatitis, Atopic
A chronic inflammatory genetically determined disease of the skin marked by increased ability to form reagin (IgE), with increased susceptibility to allergic rhinitis and asthma, and hereditary disposition to a lowered threshold for pruritus. It is manifested by lichenification, excoriation, and crusting, mainly on the flexural surfaces of the elbow and knee. In infants it is known as infantile eczema.		07.02102
Anosmic Hypogonadism
[description not available]		02.3110
Kallmann Syndrome
A genetically heterogeneous disorder caused by hypothalamic GNRH deficiency and OLFACTORY NERVE defects. It is characterized by congenital HYPOGONADOTROPIC HYPOGONADISM and ANOSMIA, possibly with additional midline defects. It can be transmitted as an X-linked (GENETIC DISEASES, X-LINKED), an autosomal dominant, or an autosomal recessive trait.		02.3110
Diabetic Glomerulosclerosis
[description not available]		010.13255
Diabetic Nephropathies
KIDNEY injuries associated with diabetes mellitus and affecting KIDNEY GLOMERULUS; ARTERIOLES; KIDNEY TUBULES; and the interstitium. Clinical signs include persistent PROTEINURIA, from microalbuminuria progressing to ALBUMINURIA of greater than 300 mg/24 h, leading to reduced GLOMERULAR FILTRATION RATE and END-STAGE RENAL DISEASE.		010.13255
Achlorhydria
A lack of HYDROCHLORIC ACID in GASTRIC JUICE despite stimulation of gastric secretion.		016.551023
Bleeding
[description not available]		06.92330
Hemorrhage
Bleeding or escape of blood from a vessel.		06.92330
Adamantiades-Behcet Disease
[description not available]		03.71100
Behcet Syndrome
Rare chronic inflammatory disease involving the small blood vessels. It is of unknown etiology and characterized by mucocutaneous ulceration in the mouth and genital region and uveitis with hypopyon. The neuro-ocular form may cause blindness and death. SYNOVITIS; THROMBOPHLEBITIS; gastrointestinal ulcerations; RETINAL VASCULITIS; and OPTIC ATROPHY may occur as well.		03.71100
Autoimmune Demyelinating Disease, Peripheral
[description not available]		02.730
Flaccid Quadriplegia
[description not available]		02.3110
Urinary Retention
Inability to empty the URINARY BLADDER with voiding (URINATION).		02.3110
Malignant Melanoma
[description not available]		03.6190
Melanoma
A malignant neoplasm derived from cells that are capable of forming melanin, which may occur in the skin of any part of the body, in the eye, or, rarely, in the mucous membranes of the genitalia, anus, oral cavity, or other sites. It occurs mostly in adults and may originate de novo or from a pigmented nevus or malignant lentigo. Melanomas frequently metastasize widely, and the regional lymph nodes, liver, lungs, and brain are likely to be involved. The incidence of malignant skin melanomas is rising rapidly in all parts of the world. (Stedman, 25th ed; from Rook et al., Textbook of Dermatology, 4th ed, p2445)		03.6190
Genetic Diseases, X-Chromosome Linked
[description not available]		03.3470
Colitis
Inflammation of the COLON section of the large intestine (INTESTINE, LARGE), usually with symptoms such as DIARRHEA (often with blood and mucus), ABDOMINAL PAIN, and FEVER.		09.03150
Low Bone Density
[description not available]		05.661
Bone Diseases, Metabolic
Diseases that affect the METABOLIC PROCESSES of BONE TISSUE.		05.661
Genital Warts
[description not available]		02.4820
Condylomata Acuminata
Sexually transmitted form of anogenital warty growth caused by the human papillomaviruses.		02.4820
Shingles
[description not available]		07.69474
Herpes Zoster
An acute infectious, usually self-limited, disease believed to represent activation of latent varicella-zoster virus (HERPESVIRUS 3, HUMAN) in those who have been rendered partially immune after a previous attack of CHICKENPOX. It involves the SENSORY GANGLIA and their areas of innervation and is characterized by severe neuralgic pain along the distribution of the affected nerve and crops of clustered vesicles over the area. (From Dorland, 27th ed)		012.69474
Demyelinative Myelitis
[description not available]		02.5420
Dysplastic Nevus Syndrome, Hereditary
[description not available]		02.3110
Alopecia Cicatrisata
[description not available]		0590
Alopecia
Absence of hair from areas where it is normally present.		01090
Anankastic Personality
[description not available]		03.6530
Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder
An anxiety disorder characterized by recurrent, persistent obsessions or compulsions. Obsessions are the intrusive ideas, thoughts, or images that are experienced as senseless or repugnant. Compulsions are repetitive and seemingly purposeful behavior which the individual generally recognizes as senseless and from which the individual does not derive pleasure although it may provide a release from tension.		03.6530
Anti-Phospholipid Antibody Syndrome
[description not available]		02.7430
Antiphospholipid Syndrome
The presence of antibodies directed against phospholipids (ANTIBODIES, ANTIPHOSPHOLIPID). The condition is associated with a variety of diseases, notably systemic lupus erythematosus and other connective tissue diseases, thrombopenia, and arterial or venous thromboses. In pregnancy it can cause abortion. Of the phospholipids, the cardiolipins show markedly elevated levels of anticardiolipin antibodies (ANTIBODIES, ANTICARDIOLIPIN). Present also are high levels of lupus anticoagulant (LUPUS COAGULATION INHIBITOR).		02.7430
Encephalopathy, Toxic
[description not available]		06.2671
Cafe-au-Lait Spots with Pulmonic Stenosis
[description not available]		03.3120
Neurofibromatosis 1
An autosomal dominant inherited disorder (with a high frequency of spontaneous mutations) that features developmental changes in the nervous system, muscles, bones, and skin, most notably in tissue derived from the embryonic NEURAL CREST. Multiple hyperpigmented skin lesions and subcutaneous tumors are the hallmark of this disease. Peripheral and central nervous system neoplasms occur frequently, especially OPTIC NERVE GLIOMA and NEUROFIBROSARCOMA. NF1 is caused by mutations which inactivate the NF1 gene (GENES, NEUROFIBROMATOSIS 1) on chromosome 17q. The incidence of learning disabilities is also elevated in this condition. (From Adams et al., Principles of Neurology, 6th ed, pp1014-18) There is overlap of clinical features with NOONAN SYNDROME in a syndrome called neurofibromatosis-Noonan syndrome. Both the PTPN11 and NF1 gene products are involved in the SIGNAL TRANSDUCTION pathway of Ras (RAS PROTEINS).		03.3120
Acoustic Trauma
Usually refer to hearing loss due to a single noise event such as an explosion or shotgun blast.		05.5861
Diseases, Occupational
[description not available]		07.37191
Hearing Loss, Noise-Induced
Hearing loss due to exposure to explosive loud noise or chronic exposure to sound level greater than 85 dB. The hearing loss is often in the frequency range 4000-6000 hertz.		05.5861
Cancer of Digestive System
[description not available]		02.4620
Digestive System Neoplasms
Tumors or cancer of the DIGESTIVE SYSTEM.		02.4620
Chronic Pancreatitis
[description not available]		02.3110
Pancreatitis, Chronic
INFLAMMATION of the PANCREAS that is characterized by recurring or persistent ABDOMINAL PAIN with or without STEATORRHEA or DIABETES MELLITUS. It is characterized by the irregular destruction of the pancreatic parenchyma which may be focal, segmental, or diffuse.		02.3110
Nephritis
Inflammation of any part of the KIDNEY.		02.8940
Cardiomyopathies, Primary
[description not available]		03.2360
Cardiomyopathies
A group of diseases in which the dominant feature is the involvement of the CARDIAC MUSCLE itself. Cardiomyopathies are classified according to their predominant pathophysiological features (DILATED CARDIOMYOPATHY; HYPERTROPHIC CARDIOMYOPATHY; RESTRICTIVE CARDIOMYOPATHY) or their etiological/pathological factors (CARDIOMYOPATHY, ALCOHOLIC; ENDOCARDIAL FIBROELASTOSIS).		03.2360
Bile Duct Obstruction
[description not available]		03.5790
Cholestasis
Impairment of bile flow due to obstruction in small bile ducts (INTRAHEPATIC CHOLESTASIS) or obstruction in large bile ducts (EXTRAHEPATIC CHOLESTASIS).		03.5790
Deficiency, Pyridoxine
[description not available]		011.1611
Cerebellar Diseases
Diseases that affect the structure or function of the cerebellum. Cardinal manifestations of cerebellar dysfunction include dysmetria, GAIT ATAXIA, and MUSCLE HYPOTONIA.		02.6630
Embolism, Pulmonary
[description not available]		07.85124
Pulmonary Embolism
Blocking of the PULMONARY ARTERY or one of its branches by an EMBOLUS.		07.85124
Common Peroneal Nerve Entrapment
[description not available]		02.3110
Abortion, Tubal
[description not available]		06.32210
Abortion, Spontaneous
Expulsion of the product of FERTILIZATION before completing the term of GESTATION and without deliberate interference.		06.32210
Diffuse Myofascial Pain Syndrome
[description not available]		03.4770
Aseptic Necrosis of Femur Head
[description not available]		02.3110
Fibromyalgia
A common nonarticular rheumatic syndrome characterized by myalgia and multiple points of focal muscle tenderness to palpation (trigger points). Muscle pain is typically aggravated by inactivity or exposure to cold. This condition is often associated with general symptoms, such as sleep disturbances, fatigue, stiffness, HEADACHES, and occasionally DEPRESSION. There is significant overlap between fibromyalgia and the chronic fatigue syndrome (FATIGUE SYNDROME, CHRONIC). Fibromyalgia may arise as a primary or secondary disease process. It is most frequent in females aged 20 to 50 years. (From Adams et al., Principles of Neurology, 6th ed, p1494-95)		03.4770
Leishmania Infection
[description not available]		02.3110
Black Fever
[description not available]		03.6130
Leishmaniasis
A disease caused by any of a number of species of protozoa in the genus LEISHMANIA. There are four major clinical types of this infection: cutaneous (Old and New World) (LEISHMANIASIS, CUTANEOUS), diffuse cutaneous (LEISHMANIASIS, DIFFUSE CUTANEOUS), mucocutaneous (LEISHMANIASIS, MUCOCUTANEOUS), and visceral (LEISHMANIASIS, VISCERAL).		02.3110
Leishmaniasis, Visceral
A chronic disease caused by LEISHMANIA DONOVANI and transmitted by the bite of several sandflies of the genera Phlebotomus and Lutzomyia. It is commonly characterized by fever, chills, vomiting, anemia, hepatosplenomegaly, leukopenia, hypergammaglobulinemia, emaciation, and an earth-gray color of the skin. The disease is classified into three main types according to geographic distribution: Indian, Mediterranean (or infantile), and African.		03.6130
Keratosis, Oral
[description not available]		02.7730
Leukoplakia, Oral
A white patch seen on the oral mucosa. It is considered a premalignant condition and is often tobacco-induced. When evidence of Epstein-Barr virus is present, the condition is called hairy leukoplakia (LEUKOPLAKIA, HAIRY).		02.7730
Myoclonic Jerk
[description not available]		03.4170
Acute Myelogenous Leukemia
[description not available]		09.21390
Leukemia, Myeloid, Acute
Clonal expansion of myeloid blasts in bone marrow, blood, and other tissue. Myeloid leukemias develop from changes in cells that normally produce NEUTROPHILS; BASOPHILS; EOSINOPHILS; and MONOCYTES.		09.21390
Leukemia, Pre-B-Cell
[description not available]		02.3110
Precursor B-Cell Lymphoblastic Leukemia-Lymphoma
A leukemia/lymphoma found predominately in children and adolescents and characterized by a high number of lymphoblasts and solid tumor lesions. Frequent sites involve LYMPH NODES, skin, and bones. It most commonly presents as leukemia.		02.3110
Neurally Mediated Faint
[description not available]		02.5520
Adiadochokinesis
[description not available]		02.940
Cerebellar Ataxia
Incoordination of voluntary movements that occur as a manifestation of CEREBELLAR DISEASES. Characteristic features include a tendency for limb movements to overshoot or undershoot a target (dysmetria), a tremor that occurs during attempted movements (intention TREMOR), impaired force and rhythm of diadochokinesis (rapidly alternating movements), and GAIT ATAXIA. (From Adams et al., Principles of Neurology, 6th ed, p90)		02.940
Cerebral Infarction, Middle Cerebral Artery
[description not available]		02.7630
Infarction, Middle Cerebral Artery
NECROSIS occurring in the MIDDLE CEREBRAL ARTERY distribution system which brings blood to the entire lateral aspects of each CEREBRAL HEMISPHERE. Clinical signs include impaired cognition; APHASIA; AGRAPHIA; weak and numbness in the face and arms, contralaterally or bilaterally depending on the infarction.		02.7630
Mouth, Edentulous
Total lack of teeth through disease or extraction.		03.6130
Alopecia Circumscripta
[description not available]		03.0340
Alopecia Areata
Loss of scalp and body hair involving microscopically inflammatory patchy areas.		03.0340
Asymptomatic Conditions
[description not available]		05.1131
Cretinism
[description not available]		02.4720
Congenital Hypothyroidism
A condition in infancy or early childhood due to an in-utero deficiency of THYROID HORMONES that can be caused by genetic or environmental factors, such as thyroid dysgenesis or HYPOTHYROIDISM in infants of mothers treated with THIOURACIL during pregnancy. Endemic cretinism is the result of iodine deficiency. Clinical symptoms include severe MENTAL RETARDATION, impaired skeletal development, short stature, and MYXEDEMA.		02.4720
Child Malnutrition
Malnutrition occurring in children ages 2 to 12 years, which is due to insufficient intake of food, dietary nutrients, or a pathophysiologic condition which prevents the absorption and utilization of food. Growth and development are markedly affected.		06.7283
Angor Pectoris
[description not available]		05.75150
Angina Pectoris
The symptom of paroxysmal pain consequent to MYOCARDIAL ISCHEMIA usually of distinctive character, location and radiation. It is thought to be provoked by a transient stressful situation during which the oxygen requirements of the MYOCARDIUM exceed that supplied by the CORONARY CIRCULATION.		05.75150
Central Retinal Edema, Cystoid
[description not available]		02.1710
Macular Edema
Fluid accumulation in the outer layer of the MACULA LUTEA that results from intraocular or systemic insults. It may develop in a diffuse pattern where the macula appears thickened or it may acquire the characteristic petaloid appearance referred to as cystoid macular edema. Although macular edema may be associated with various underlying conditions, it is most commonly seen following intraocular surgery, venous occlusive disease, DIABETIC RETINOPATHY, and posterior segment inflammatory disease. (From Survey of Ophthalmology 2004; 49(5) 470-90)		02.1710
Bilirubinemia
[description not available]		03.0610
Bacterial Endocarditides
[description not available]		02.1510
Endocarditis, Bacterial
Inflammation of the ENDOCARDIUM caused by BACTERIA that entered the bloodstream. The strains of bacteria vary with predisposing factors, such as CONGENITAL HEART DEFECTS; HEART VALVE DISEASES; HEART VALVE PROSTHESIS IMPLANTATION; or intravenous drug use.		02.1510
Craniofacial Abnormalities
Congenital structural deformities, malformations, or other abnormalities of the cranium and facial bones.		03.0140
Hemorrhage, Retinal
[description not available]		03.3360
Cerebral Microangiopathies
[description not available]		02.5220
Cerebral Small Vessel Diseases
Pathological processes or diseases where cerebral MICROVESSELS show abnormalities. They are often associated with aging, hypertension and risk factors for lacunar infarcts (see LACUNAR INFARCTION); LEUKOARAIOSIS; and CEREBRAL HEMORRHAGE.		02.5220
Intertrochanteric Fractures
[description not available]		08.45163
Hip Fractures
Fractures of the FEMUR HEAD; the FEMUR NECK; (FEMORAL NECK FRACTURES); the trochanters; or the inter- or subtrochanteric region. Excludes fractures of the acetabulum and fractures of the femoral shaft below the subtrochanteric region (FEMORAL FRACTURES).		08.45163
Esophageal Squamous Cell Carcinoma
A carcinoma that originates usually from cells on the surface of the middle and lower third of the ESOPHAGUS. Tumor cells exhibit typical squamous morphology and form large polypoid lesions. Mutations in RNF6, LZTS1, TGFBR2, DEC1, and WWOX1 genes are associated with this cancer.		03.9321
Allergy, Drug
[description not available]		04.32200
Drug Hypersensitivity
Immunologically mediated adverse reactions to medicinal substances used legally or illegally.		04.32200
Infection, Toxoplasma gondii
[description not available]		02.1510
Toxoplasmosis
The acquired form of infection by Toxoplasma gondii in animals and man.		02.1510
Remission, Spontaneous
A spontaneous diminution or abatement of a disease over time, without formal treatment.		05.64190
Ambulation Difficulty
[description not available]		0340
Placenta Diseases
Pathological processes or abnormal functions of the PLACENTA.		02.6630
Cancer of Intestines
[description not available]		06.3591
Intestinal Diseases
Pathological processes in any segment of the INTESTINE from DUODENUM to RECTUM.		010.82622
Intestinal Neoplasms
Tumors or cancer of the INTESTINES.		06.3591
Chronic Fatigue and Immune Dysfunction Syndrome
[description not available]		07.77153
Fatigue Syndrome, Chronic
A syndrome characterized by persistent or recurrent fatigue, diffuse musculoskeletal pain, sleep disturbances, and subjective cognitive impairment of 6 months duration or longer. Symptoms are not caused by ongoing exertion; are not relieved by rest; and result in a substantial reduction of previous levels of occupational, educational, social, or personal activities. Minor alterations of immune, neuroendocrine, and autonomic function may be associated with this syndrome. There is also considerable overlap between this condition and FIBROMYALGIA. (From Semin Neurol 1998;18(2):237-42; Ann Intern Med 1994 Dec 15;121(12): 953-9)		07.77153
Anemia, Leukoerythroblastic
[description not available]		04.2570
Gammapathy, Monoclonal
[description not available]		02.1510
Paraproteinemias
A group of related diseases characterized by an unbalanced or disproportionate proliferation of immunoglobulin-producing cells, usually from a single clone. These cells frequently secrete a structurally homogeneous immunoglobulin (M-component) and/or an abnormal immunoglobulin.		02.1510
Muscle Contraction
A process leading to shortening and/or development of tension in muscle tissue. Muscle contraction occurs by a sliding filament mechanism whereby actin filaments slide inward among the myosin filaments.		06.61112
Aneurysm, Anterior Cerebral Artery
[description not available]		05.0231
Intracranial Aneurysm
Abnormal outpouching in the wall of intracranial blood vessels. Most common are the saccular (berry) aneurysms located at branch points in CIRCLE OF WILLIS at the base of the brain. Vessel rupture results in SUBARACHNOID HEMORRHAGE or INTRACRANIAL HEMORRHAGES. Giant aneurysms (		05.0231
Neuralgia, Sciatic
[description not available]		04.02150
Sciatica
A condition characterized by pain radiating from the back into the buttock and posterior/lateral aspects of the leg. Sciatica may be a manifestation of SCIATIC NEUROPATHY; RADICULOPATHY (involving the SPINAL NERVE ROOTS; L4, L5, S1, or S2, often associated with INTERVERTEBRAL DISK DISPLACEMENT); or lesions of the CAUDA EQUINA.		04.02150
Acute Post-operative Pain
[description not available]		06.162
Spondylisthesis
[description not available]		02.1510
Blood Loss, Surgical
Loss of blood during a surgical procedure.		03.8721
Pain, Postoperative
Pain during the period after surgery.		06.162
Scoliosis
An appreciable lateral deviation in the normally straight vertical line of the spine. (Dorland, 27th ed)		02.3820
Erythermalgia
[description not available]		02.1510
Erythromelalgia
A peripheral arterial disease that is characterized by the triad of ERYTHEMA, burning PAIN, and increased SKIN TEMPERATURE of the extremities (or red, painful extremities). Erythromelalgia may be classified as primary or idiopathic, familial or non-familial. Secondary erythromelalgia is associated with other diseases, the most common being MYELOPROLIFERATIVE DISORDERS.		02.1510
Itching
[description not available]		07.37103
Pruritus
An intense itching sensation that produces the urge to rub or scratch the skin to obtain relief.		07.37103
Bacterial Overgrowth Syndrome
[description not available]		07.49310
Gestational Hypertension
[description not available]		05.191
Hypertension, Pregnancy-Induced
A condition in pregnant women with elevated systolic (		05.191
Vascular Calcification
Deposition of calcium into the blood vessel structures. Excessive calcification of the vessels are associated with ATHEROSCLEROTIC PLAQUES formation particularly after MYOCARDIAL INFARCTION (see MONCKEBERG MEDIAL CALCIFIC SCLEROSIS) and chronic kidney diseases which in turn increase VASCULAR STIFFNESS.		03.5611
Sicca Syndrome
[description not available]		03.2660
Mucositis, Oral
[description not available]		05.47161
Sjogren's Syndrome
Chronic inflammatory and autoimmune disease in which the salivary and lacrimal glands undergo progressive destruction by lymphocytes and plasma cells resulting in decreased production of saliva and tears. The primary form, often called sicca syndrome, involves both KERATOCONJUNCTIVITIS SICCA and XEROSTOMIA. The secondary form includes, in addition, the presence of a connective tissue disease, usually rheumatoid arthritis.		03.2660
Stomatitis
INFLAMMATION of the soft tissues of the MOUTH, such as MUCOSA; PALATE; GINGIVA; and LIP.		05.47161
Asthma, Bronchial
[description not available]		04.66110
Hay Fever
[description not available]		03.0910
Asthma
A form of bronchial disorder with three distinct components: airway hyper-responsiveness (RESPIRATORY HYPERSENSITIVITY), airway INFLAMMATION, and intermittent AIRWAY OBSTRUCTION. It is characterized by spasmodic contraction of airway smooth muscle, WHEEZING, and dyspnea (DYSPNEA, PAROXYSMAL).		04.66110
Rhinitis, Allergic, Seasonal
Allergic rhinitis that occurs at the same time every year. It is characterized by acute CONJUNCTIVITIS with lacrimation and ITCHING, and regarded as an allergic condition triggered by specific ALLERGENS.		03.0910
Wet Macular Degeneration
A form of RETINAL DEGENERATION in which abnormal CHOROIDAL NEOVASCULARIZATION occurs under the RETINA and MACULA LUTEA, causing bleeding and leaking of fluid. This leads to bulging and or lifting of the macula and the distortion or destruction of central vision.		02.1710
Cranial Nerve V Injury
[description not available]		02.1710
Impaired Glucose Tolerance
[description not available]		02.9540
Glucose Intolerance
A pathological state in which BLOOD GLUCOSE level is less than approximately 140 mg/100 ml of PLASMA at fasting, and above approximately 200 mg/100 ml plasma at 30-, 60-, or 90-minute during a GLUCOSE TOLERANCE TEST. This condition is seen frequently in DIABETES MELLITUS, but also occurs with other diseases and MALNUTRITION.		02.9540
Icterus
[description not available]		05.43151
Jaundice
A clinical manifestation of HYPERBILIRUBINEMIA, characterized by the yellowish staining of the SKIN; MUCOUS MEMBRANE; and SCLERA. Clinical jaundice usually is a sign of LIVER dysfunction.		010.43151
Sensation Disorders
Disorders of the special senses (i.e., VISION; HEARING; TASTE; and SMELL) or somatosensory system (i.e., afferent components of the PERIPHERAL NERVOUS SYSTEM).		04.74110
Sclerosis, Systemic
[description not available]		05.12110
Scleroderma, Systemic
A chronic multi-system disorder of CONNECTIVE TISSUE. It is characterized by SCLEROSIS in the SKIN, the LUNGS, the HEART, the GASTROINTESTINAL TRACT, the KIDNEYS, and the MUSCULOSKELETAL SYSTEM. Other important features include diseased small BLOOD VESSELS and AUTOANTIBODIES. The disorder is named for its most prominent feature (hard skin), and classified into subsets by the extent of skin thickening: LIMITED SCLERODERMA and DIFFUSE SCLERODERMA.		05.12110
Deficiency, IgA
[description not available]		02.6830
Orthopedic Disorders
[description not available]		03.5611
Musculoskeletal Diseases
Diseases of the muscles and their associated ligaments and other connective tissue and of the bones and cartilage viewed collectively.		03.5611
Cranial Nerve XII Diseases
[description not available]		03.0910
Marchiafava-Bignami Disease
A neurodegenerative condition that is characterized by demyelination or necrosis of the CORPUS CALLOSUM. Symptoms include DEPRESSION; PARANOIA; DEMENTIA; SEIZURES; and ATAXIA which can progress to COMA and death in a few months. Marchiafava-Bignami syndrome is seen often in alcoholics but has been found in non-alcoholics as well.		02.4920
Acquired Agraphia
[description not available]		02.1710
Apraxia
[description not available]		02.1710
Apraxias
A group of cognitive disorders characterized by the inability to perform previously learned skills that cannot be attributed to deficits of motor or sensory function. The two major subtypes of this condition are ideomotor (see APRAXIA, IDEOMOTOR) and ideational apraxia, which refers to loss of the ability to mentally formulate the processes involved with performing an action. For example, dressing apraxia may result from an inability to mentally formulate the act of placing clothes on the body. Apraxias are generally associated with lesions of the dominant PARIETAL LOBE and supramarginal gyrus. (From Adams et al., Principles of Neurology, 6th ed, pp56-7)		02.1710
Facial Dermatoses
Skin diseases involving the FACE.		02.9240
Experimental Lung Inflammation
Inflammation of any part, segment or lobe, of the lung parenchyma.		03.83120
Pneumonia
Infection of the lung often accompanied by inflammation.		03.83120
Bordetella pertussis Infection, Respiratory
[description not available]		02.1710
Whooping Cough
A respiratory infection caused by BORDETELLA PERTUSSIS and characterized by paroxysmal coughing ending in a prolonged crowing intake of breath.		02.1710
Carcinoma, Small Cell Lung
[description not available]		02.1710
Small Cell Lung Carcinoma
A form of highly malignant lung cancer that is composed of small ovoid cells (SMALL CELL CARCINOMA).		02.1710
Anterior Ischemic Optic Neuropathy
[description not available]		04.1331
Optic Neuropathy, Ischemic
Ischemic injury to the OPTIC NERVE which usually affects the OPTIC DISK (optic neuropathy, anterior ischemic) and less frequently the retrobulbar portion of the nerve (optic neuropathy, posterior ischemic). The injury results from occlusion of arterial blood supply which may result from TEMPORAL ARTERITIS; ATHEROSCLEROSIS; COLLAGEN DISEASES; EMBOLISM; DIABETES MELLITUS; and other conditions. The disease primarily occurs in the sixth decade or later and presents with the sudden onset of painless and usually severe monocular visual loss. Anterior ischemic optic neuropathy also features optic disk edema with microhemorrhages. The optic disk appears normal in posterior ischemic optic neuropathy. (Glaser, Neuro-Ophthalmology, 2nd ed, p135)		04.1331
Allergic Encephalomyelitis
[description not available]		04.320
Paraparesis
Mild to moderate loss of bilateral lower extremity motor function, which may be a manifestation of SPINAL CORD DISEASES; PERIPHERAL NERVOUS SYSTEM DISEASES; MUSCULAR DISEASES; INTRACRANIAL HYPERTENSION; parasagittal brain lesions; and other conditions.		03.6930
Deficiency, Vitamin A
[description not available]		06.4190
Vitamin A Deficiency
A nutritional condition produced by a deficiency of VITAMIN A in the diet, characterized by NIGHT BLINDNESS and other ocular manifestations such as dryness of the conjunctiva and later of the cornea (XEROPHTHALMIA). Vitamin A deficiency is a very common problem worldwide, particularly in developing countries as a consequence of famine or shortages of vitamin A-rich foods. In the United States it is found among the urban poor, the elderly, alcoholics, and patients with malabsorption. (From Cecil Textbook of Medicine, 19th ed, p1179)		06.4190
Neonatal Death
The death of a live-born INFANT less than 28 days of age.		02.1710
Embryopathies
[description not available]		06.29141
Infant, Premature, Diseases
Diseases that occur in PREMATURE INFANTS.		07.35101
Nicotine Addiction
[description not available]		03.0910
Tobacco Use Disorder
Tobacco used to the detriment of a person's health or social functioning. Tobacco dependence is included.		03.0910
ARSA Deficiency
[description not available]		02.5820
Leukodystrophy, Metachromatic
An autosomal recessive metabolic disease caused by a deficiency of CEREBROSIDE-SULFATASE leading to intralysosomal accumulation of cerebroside sulfate (SULFOGLYCOSPHINGOLIPIDS) in the nervous system and other organs. Pathological features include diffuse demyelination, and metachromatically-staining granules in many cell types such as the GLIAL CELLS. There are several allelic and nonallelic forms with a variety of neurological symptoms.		02.5820
Facial Spasm, Unilateral
[description not available]		02.1710
Epileptiform Neuralgia
[description not available]		05.77221
Basilar Artery Insufficiency
[description not available]		02.1710
Trigeminal Neuralgia
A syndrome characterized by recurrent episodes of excruciating pain lasting several seconds or longer in the sensory distribution of the TRIGEMINAL NERVE. Pain may be initiated by stimulation of trigger points on the face, lips, or gums or by movement of facial muscles or chewing. Associated conditions include MULTIPLE SCLEROSIS, vascular anomalies, ANEURYSMS, and neoplasms. (Adams et al., Principles of Neurology, 6th ed, p187)		05.77221
Fracture, Pathologic
[description not available]		02.3820
Amyotrophy, Thenar, Of Carpal Origin
[description not available]		04.942
Carpal Tunnel Syndrome
Entrapment of the MEDIAN NERVE in the carpal tunnel, which is formed by the flexor retinaculum and the CARPAL BONES. This syndrome may be associated with repetitive occupational trauma (CUMULATIVE TRAUMA DISORDERS); wrist injuries; AMYLOID NEUROPATHIES; rheumatoid arthritis (see ARTHRITIS, RHEUMATOID); ACROMEGALY; PREGNANCY; and other conditions. Symptoms include burning pain and paresthesias involving the ventral surface of the hand and fingers which may radiate proximally. Impairment of sensation in the distribution of the median nerve and thenar muscle atrophy may occur. (Joynt, Clinical Neurology, 1995, Ch51, p45)		04.942
Electron Transport Chain Deficiencies, Mitochondrial
[description not available]		02.5320
Mitochondrial Diseases
Diseases caused by abnormal function of the MITOCHONDRIA. They may be caused by mutations, acquired or inherited, in mitochondrial DNA or in nuclear genes that code for mitochondrial components. They may also be the result of acquired mitochondria dysfunction due to adverse effects of drugs, infections, or other environmental causes.		02.5320
Cancer of Gallbladder
[description not available]		02.420
Gallbladder Neoplasms
Tumors or cancer of the gallbladder.		02.420
Muscular Weakness
[description not available]		02.7430
Muscle Weakness
A vague complaint of debility, fatigue, or exhaustion attributable to weakness of various muscles. The weakness can be characterized as subacute or chronic, often progressive, and is a manifestation of many muscle and neuromuscular diseases. (From Wyngaarden et al., Cecil Textbook of Medicine, 19th ed, p2251)		02.7430
Anoxemia
[description not available]		05.76130
Hypoxia
Sub-optimal OXYGEN levels in the ambient air of living organisms.		05.76130
Hansen Disease
[description not available]		04.57100
Leprosy
A chronic granulomatous infection caused by MYCOBACTERIUM LEPRAE. The granulomatous lesions are manifested in the skin, the mucous membranes, and the peripheral nerves. Two polar or principal types are lepromatous and tuberculoid.		09.57100
Alactasia
[description not available]		05.53120
Lactose Intolerance
The condition resulting from the absence or deficiency of LACTASE in the MUCOSA cells of the GASTROINTESTINAL TRACT, and the inability to break down LACTOSE in milk for ABSORPTION. Bacterial fermentation of the unabsorbed lactose leads to symptoms that range from a mild indigestion (DYSPEPSIA) to severe DIARRHEA. Lactose intolerance may be an inborn error or acquired.		010.53120
Bernard Syndrome
[description not available]		03.7720
Thoracic Neoplasms
New abnormal growth of tissue in the THORAX.		02.6630
Smoking Cessation
Discontinuing the habit of SMOKING.		05.5331
Chronic Hepatitis B
[description not available]		02.1710
Hepatitis B, Chronic
INFLAMMATION of the LIVER in humans caused by HEPATITIS B VIRUS lasting six months or more. It is primarily transmitted by parenteral exposure, such as transfusion of contaminated blood or blood products, but can also be transmitted via sexual or intimate personal contact.		02.1710
Complications, Hematologic Pregnancy
[description not available]		014.941229
Branch Retinal Artery Occlusion
[description not available]		03.3820
Retinal Artery Occlusion
Sudden ISCHEMIA in the RETINA due to blocked blood flow through the CENTRAL RETINAL ARTERY or its branches leading to sudden complete or partial loss of vision, respectively, in the eye.		03.3820
Break-Bone Fever
[description not available]		02.5820
Dengue
An acute febrile disease transmitted by the bite of AEDES mosquitoes infected with DENGUE VIRUS. It is self-limiting and characterized by fever, myalgia, headache, and rash. SEVERE DENGUE is a more virulent form of dengue.		02.5820
Developmental Psychomotor Disorders
[description not available]		07.3370
Alloxan Diabetes
[description not available]		04.37210
Korsakoff Psychosis
[description not available]		02.2110
Gastrointestinal Tuberculosis
[description not available]		02.6730
Acute Idiopathic Facial Neuropathy
[description not available]		04.1560
Bell Palsy
A syndrome characterized by the acute onset of unilateral FACIAL PARALYSIS which progresses over a 2-5 day period. Weakness of the orbicularis oculi muscle and resulting incomplete eye closure may be associated with corneal injury. Pain behind the ear often precedes the onset of paralysis. This condition may be associated with HERPESVIRUS 1, HUMAN infection of the facial nerve. (Adams et al., Principles of Neurology, 6th ed, p1376)		04.1560
AIDS Seroconversion
[description not available]		05.9291
Cruveilhier-Baumgarten Syndrome
Liver cirrhosis with intrahepatic portal obstruction, HYPERTENSION, and patent UMBILICAL VEINS.		04.5330
Hypertension, Portal
Abnormal increase of resistance to blood flow within the hepatic PORTAL SYSTEM, frequently seen in LIVER CIRRHOSIS and conditions with obstruction of the PORTAL VEIN.		04.5330
Besnier-Boeck Disease
[description not available]		0450
Thrombopenia
[description not available]		011.13425
Autoimmune Thrombocytopenia
[description not available]		02.7530
Sarcoidosis
An idiopathic systemic inflammatory granulomatous disorder comprised of epithelioid and multinucleated giant cells with little necrosis. It usually invades the lungs with fibrosis and may also involve lymph nodes, skin, liver, spleen, eyes, phalangeal bones, and parotid glands.		0450
Thrombocytopenia
A subnormal level of BLOOD PLATELETS.		011.13425
Purpura, Thrombocytopenic, Idiopathic
Thrombocytopenia occurring in the absence of toxic exposure or a disease associated with decreased platelets. It is mediated by immune mechanisms, in most cases IMMUNOGLOBULIN G autoantibodies which attach to platelets and subsequently undergo destruction by macrophages. The disease is seen in acute (affecting children) and chronic (adult) forms.		02.7530
Bright Disease
A historical classification which is no longer used. It described acute glomerulonephritis, acute nephritic syndrome, or acute nephritis. Named for Richard Bright.		04.9591
Glomerulonephritis
Inflammation of the renal glomeruli (KIDNEY GLOMERULUS) that can be classified by the type of glomerular injuries including antibody deposition, complement activation, cellular proliferation, and glomerulosclerosis. These structural and functional abnormalities usually lead to HEMATURIA; PROTEINURIA; HYPERTENSION; and RENAL INSUFFICIENCY.		09.9591
Hyperglycemia, Postprandial
Abnormally high BLOOD GLUCOSE level after a meal.		05.390
Hyperglycemia
Abnormally high BLOOD GLUCOSE level.		05.390
Experimental Neoplasms
[description not available]		05.67320
AIRE Deficiency
[description not available]		02.7130
Interstitial Nephritis
[description not available]		02.3820
Nephritis, Interstitial
Inflammation of the interstitial tissue of the kidney. This term is generally used for primary inflammation of KIDNEY TUBULES and/or surrounding interstitium. For primary inflammation of glomerular interstitium, see GLOMERULONEPHRITIS. Infiltration of the inflammatory cells into the interstitial compartment results in EDEMA, increased spaces between the tubules, and tubular renal dysfunction.		02.3820
Cane-Cutter Fever
[description not available]		02.3820
Leptospirosis
Infections with bacteria of the genus LEPTOSPIRA.		02.3820
Pyoderma Gangrenosum
An idiopathic, rapidly evolving, and severely debilitating disease occurring most commonly in association with chronic ulcerative colitis. It is characterized by the presence of boggy, purplish ulcers with undermined borders, appearing mostly on the legs. The majority of cases are in people between 40 and 60 years old. Its etiology is unknown.		02.5220
Skin Ulcer
An ULCER of the skin and underlying tissues.		02.5220
Cardiac Diseases
[description not available]		010.48296
Heart Diseases
Pathological conditions involving the HEART including its structural and functional abnormalities.		010.48296
Acute Autoimmune Neuropathy
[description not available]		03.8421
Chronic Inflammatory Demyelinating Polyradiculoneuropathy
[description not available]		03.5911
Guillain-Barre Syndrome
An acute inflammatory autoimmune neuritis caused by T cell- mediated cellular immune response directed towards peripheral myelin. Demyelination occurs in peripheral nerves and nerve roots. The process is often preceded by a viral or bacterial infection, surgery, immunization, lymphoma, or exposure to toxins. Common clinical manifestations include progressive weakness, loss of sensation, and loss of deep tendon reflexes. Weakness of respiratory muscles and autonomic dysfunction may occur. (From Adams et al., Principles of Neurology, 6th ed, pp1312-1314)		03.8421
Polyradiculoneuropathy, Chronic Inflammatory Demyelinating
A slowly progressive autoimmune demyelinating disease of peripheral nerves and nerve roots. Clinical manifestations include weakness and sensory loss in the extremities and enlargement of peripheral nerves. The course may be relapsing-remitting or demonstrate a step-wise progression. Protein is usually elevated in the spinal fluid and cranial nerves are typically spared. GUILLAIN-BARRE SYNDROME features a relatively rapid progression of disease which distinguishes it from this condition. (Adams et al., Principles of Neurology, 6th ed, p1337)		03.5911
Iron Overload
An excessive accumulation of iron in the body due to a greater than normal absorption of iron from the gastrointestinal tract or from parenteral injection. This may arise from idiopathic hemochromatosis, excessive iron intake, chronic alcoholism, certain types of refractory anemia, or transfusional hemosiderosis. (From Churchill's Illustrated Medical Dictionary, 1989)		03.2960
Metaplasia
A condition in which there is a change of one adult cell type to another similar adult cell type.		06.9192
Exfoliation Glaucoma
[description not available]		04.4880
Exfoliation Syndrome
The deposition of flaky, translucent fibrillar material most conspicuous on the anterior lens capsule and pupillary margin but also in both surfaces of the iris, the zonules, trabecular meshwork, ciliary body, corneal endothelium, and orbital blood vessels. It sometimes forms a membrane on the anterior iris surface. Exfoliation refers to the shedding of pigment by the iris. (Newell, Ophthalmology, 7th ed, p380)		04.4880
Post-operative Vasoplegic Syndrome
[description not available]		0420
Budd-Chiari Syndrome
A condition in which the hepatic venous outflow is obstructed anywhere from the small HEPATIC VEINS to the junction of the INFERIOR VENA CAVA and the RIGHT ATRIUM. Usually the blockage is extrahepatic and caused by blood clots (THROMBUS) or fibrous webs. Parenchymal FIBROSIS is uncommon.		02.2110
Plasmodium falciparum Malaria
[description not available]		03.360
Malaria, Falciparum
Malaria caused by PLASMODIUM FALCIPARUM. This is the severest form of malaria and is associated with the highest levels of parasites in the blood. This disease is characterized by irregularly recurring febrile paroxysms that in extreme cases occur with acute cerebral, renal, or gastrointestinal manifestations.		03.360
Lymphoma, T-Cell, Enteropathy-Associated
[description not available]		02.2110
Enteropathy-Associated T-Cell Lymphoma
A primary peripheral T-cell lymphoma in the gastrointestinal tract, most often in the jejunum, associated with a history of CELIAC DISEASE or other gastrointestinal diseases.		02.2110
Protein Aggregation, Pathological
A biochemical phenomenon in which misfolded proteins aggregate either intra- or extracellularly. Triggered by factors such as MUTATION; POST-TRANSLATIONAL MODIFICATIONS, and environmental stress, it is generally associated with ALZHEIMER DISEASE; PARKINSON DISEASE; HUNTINGTON DISEASE; and TYPE 2 DIABETES MELLITUS.		03.1210
Neglected Diseases
Diseases that are underfunded and have low name recognition but are major burdens in less developed countries. The World Health Organization has designated six tropical infectious diseases as being neglected in industrialized countries that are endemic in many developing countries (HELMINTHIASIS; LEPROSY; LYMPHATIC FILARIASIS; ONCHOCERCIASIS; SCHISTOSOMIASIS; and TRACHOMA).		02.2110
Leukocytopenia
[description not available]		05.86240
Leukopenia
A decrease in the number of LEUKOCYTES in a blood sample below the normal range (LEUKOCYTE COUNT less than 4000).		05.86240
Complication, Intraoperative
[description not available]		03.2920
Postoperative Cognitive Complications
COGNITIVE IMPAIRMENT or functional decline after a surgical procedure.		02.2110
Enteropathy, Exudative
[description not available]		06.56190
Protein-Losing Enteropathies
Pathological conditions in the INTESTINES that are characterized by the gastrointestinal loss of serum proteins, including SERUM ALBUMIN; IMMUNOGLOBULINS; and at times LYMPHOCYTES. Severe condition can result in HYPOGAMMAGLOBULINEMIA or LYMPHOPENIA. Protein-losing enteropathies are associated with a number of diseases including INTESTINAL LYMPHANGIECTASIS; WHIPPLE'S DISEASE; and NEOPLASMS of the SMALL INTESTINE.		06.56190
Acquired Autoimmune Hemolytic Anemia
[description not available]		03.67100
AIDS-Related Opportunistic Infections
Opportunistic infections found in patients who test positive for human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). The most common include PNEUMOCYSTIS PNEUMONIA, Kaposi's sarcoma, cryptosporidiosis, herpes simplex, toxoplasmosis, cryptococcosis, and infections with Mycobacterium avium complex, Microsporidium, and Cytomegalovirus.		02.4220
Anemia, Hemolytic, Autoimmune
Acquired hemolytic anemia due to the presence of AUTOANTIBODIES which agglutinate or lyse the patient's own RED BLOOD CELLS.		03.67100
Infections, Mycobacterium
[description not available]		02.0810
Mycobacterium Infections
Infections with bacteria of the genus MYCOBACTERIUM.		02.0810
Central Nervous System Disease
[description not available]		08.35251
Central Nervous System Diseases
Diseases of any component of the brain (including the cerebral hemispheres, diencephalon, brain stem, and cerebellum) or the spinal cord.		08.35251
Colonic Polyps
Discrete tissue masses that protrude into the lumen of the COLON. These POLYPS are connected to the wall of the colon either by a stalk, pedunculus, or by a broad base.		02.7430
Affective Psychosis, Bipolar
[description not available]		05.83221
Bipolar Disorder
A major affective disorder marked by severe mood swings (manic or major depressive episodes) and a tendency to remission and recurrence.		05.83221
Hepatitis, Viral, Non-A, Non-B, Parenterally-Transmitted
[description not available]		03.1350
Hepatitis C
INFLAMMATION of the LIVER in humans caused by HEPATITIS C VIRUS, a single-stranded RNA virus. Its incubation period is 30-90 days. Hepatitis C is transmitted primarily by contaminated blood parenterally and is often associated with transfusion and intravenous drug abuse. However, in a significant number of cases, the source of hepatitis C infection is unknown.		03.1350
Cerebral Hemorrhage, Hypertensive
[description not available]		04.4111
Disease
A definite pathologic process with a characteristic set of signs and symptoms. It may affect the whole body or any of its parts, and its etiology, pathology, and prognosis may be known or unknown.		07.51321
DDD MPGNII
[description not available]		02.0810
Livedo Reticularis
A condition characterized by a reticular or fishnet pattern on the skin of lower extremities and other parts of the body. This red and blue pattern is due to deoxygenated blood in unstable dermal blood vessels. The condition is intensified by cold exposure and relieved by rewarming.		02.5220
Glomerulonephritis, Membranoproliferative
Chronic glomerulonephritis characterized histologically by proliferation of MESANGIAL CELLS, increase in the MESANGIAL EXTRACELLULAR MATRIX, and a thickening of the glomerular capillary walls. This may appear as a primary disorder or secondary to other diseases including infections and autoimmune disease SYSTEMIC LUPUS ERYTHEMATOSUS. Various subtypes are classified by their abnormal ultrastructures and immune deposits. Hypocomplementemia is a characteristic feature of all types of MPGN.		02.0810
Hemothorax
Hemorrhage within the pleural cavity.		02.4920
Pneumothorax, Primary Spontaneous
[description not available]		02.4920
Injuries
Used with anatomic headings, animals, and sports for wounds and injuries. Excludes cell damage, for which pathology is used.		03.4580
Hematoma
A collection of blood outside the BLOOD VESSELS. Hematoma can be localized in an organ, space, or tissue.		02.7530
Pneumothorax
An accumulation of air or gas in the PLEURAL CAVITY, which may occur spontaneously or as a result of trauma or a pathological process. The gas may also be introduced deliberately during PNEUMOTHORAX, ARTIFICIAL.		02.4920
Wounds and Injuries
Damage inflicted on the body as the direct or indirect result of an external force, with or without disruption of structural continuity.		03.4580
Acute Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder
[description not available]		03.6630
Stress Disorders, Post-Traumatic
A class of traumatic stress disorders with symptoms that last more than one month.		03.6630
Hyperventilation
A pulmonary ventilation rate faster than is metabolically necessary for the exchange of gases. It is the result of an increased frequency of breathing, an increased tidal volume, or a combination of both. It causes an excess intake of oxygen and the blowing off of carbon dioxide.		02.0810
Panic Attacks
[description not available]		02.0810
Panic Disorder
A type of anxiety disorder characterized by unexpected panic attacks that last minutes or, rarely, hours. Panic attacks begin with intense apprehension, fear or terror and, often, a feeling of impending doom. Symptoms experienced during a panic attack include dyspnea or sensations of being smothered; dizziness, loss of balance or faintness; choking sensations; palpitations or accelerated heart rate; shakiness; sweating; nausea or other form of abdominal distress; depersonalization or derealization; paresthesias; hot flashes or chills; chest discomfort or pain; fear of dying and fear of not being in control of oneself or going crazy. Agoraphobia may also develop. Similar to other anxiety disorders, it may be inherited as an autosomal dominant trait.		02.0810
Familial Nonmedullary Thyroid Cancer
[description not available]		02.0810
Carcinoma, Papillary
A malignant neoplasm characterized by the formation of numerous, irregular, finger-like projections of fibrous stroma that is covered with a surface layer of neoplastic epithelial cells. (Stedman, 25th ed)		02.0810
Cancer of the Thyroid
[description not available]		02.9240
Thyroid Neoplasms
Tumors or cancer of the THYROID GLAND.		02.9240
Insect Bites
[description not available]		02.0810
Insect Bites and Stings
Bites and stings inflicted by insects.		02.0810
Chronic Progressive Multiple Sclerosis
[description not available]		02.0810
Multiple Sclerosis, Chronic Progressive
A form of multiple sclerosis characterized by a progressive deterioration in neurologic function which is in contrast to the more typical relapsing remitting form. If the clinical course is free of distinct remissions, it is referred to as primary progressive multiple sclerosis. When the progressive decline is punctuated by acute exacerbations, it is referred to as progressive relapsing multiple sclerosis. The term secondary progressive multiple sclerosis is used when relapsing remitting multiple sclerosis evolves into the chronic progressive form. (From Ann Neurol 1994;36 Suppl:S73-S79; Adams et al., Principles of Neurology, 6th ed, pp903-914)		02.0810
Anterior Circulation Transient Ischemic Attack
[description not available]		09.66137
Ischemic Attack, Transient
Brief reversible episodes of focal, nonconvulsive ischemic dysfunction of the brain having a duration of less than 24 hours, and usually less than one hour, caused by transient thrombotic or embolic blood vessel occlusion or stenosis. Events may be classified by arterial distribution, temporal pattern, or etiology (e.g., embolic vs. thrombotic). (From Adams et al., Principles of Neurology, 6th ed, pp814-6)		09.66137
Hypercoagulability
[description not available]		010.03273
Thrombophilia
A disorder of HEMOSTASIS in which there is a tendency for the occurrence of THROMBOSIS.		010.03273
Constitutional Liver Dysfunction
[description not available]		02.4820
Pervasive Child Development Disorders
[description not available]		03.420
Child Development Disorders, Pervasive
Severe distortions in the development of many basic psychological functions that are not normal for any stage in development. These distortions are manifested in sustained social impairment, speech abnormalities, and peculiar motor movements.		03.420
Colitis, Mucous
[description not available]		02.0810
Irritable Bowel Syndrome
A disorder with chronic or recurrent colonic symptoms without a clearcut etiology. This condition is characterized by chronic or recurrent ABDOMINAL PAIN, bloating, MUCUS in FECES, and an erratic disturbance of DEFECATION.		02.0810
Chromosome-Defective Micronuclei
[description not available]		07.64133
Autosomal Dominant Juvenile Parkinson Disease
[description not available]		04.0331
Parkinsonian Disorders
A group of disorders which feature impaired motor control characterized by bradykinesia, MUSCLE RIGIDITY; TREMOR; and postural instability. Parkinsonian diseases are generally divided into primary parkinsonism (see PARKINSON DISEASE), secondary parkinsonism (see PARKINSON DISEASE, SECONDARY) and inherited forms. These conditions are associated with dysfunction of dopaminergic or closely related motor integration neuronal pathways in the BASAL GANGLIA.		04.0331
Duncan Disease
[description not available]		02.0810
Lymphoproliferative Disorders
Disorders characterized by proliferation of lymphoid tissue, general or unspecified.		02.0810
Benign Neoplasms, Brain
[description not available]		04.84130
Anasarca
[description not available]		05.59181
Eyelid Diseases
Diseases involving the EYELIDS.		02.8740
Brain Neoplasms
Neoplasms of the intracranial components of the central nervous system, including the cerebral hemispheres, basal ganglia, hypothalamus, thalamus, brain stem, and cerebellum. Brain neoplasms are subdivided into primary (originating from brain tissue) and secondary (i.e., metastatic) forms. Primary neoplasms are subdivided into benign and malignant forms. In general, brain tumors may also be classified by age of onset, histologic type, or presenting location in the brain.		04.84130
Edema
Abnormal fluid accumulation in TISSUES or body cavities. Most cases of edema are present under the SKIN in SUBCUTANEOUS TISSUE.		05.59181
Testicular Diseases
Pathological processes of the TESTIS.		03.0750
Allodynia
[description not available]		04.3770
Hyperlipemia
[description not available]		08.06213
Hyperlipidemias
Conditions with excess LIPIDS in the blood.		08.06213
Pancreatic Diseases
Pathological processes of the PANCREAS.		09.88412
Anal Atresia
[description not available]		02.0810
Anhidrotic Ectodermal Dysplasia
[description not available]		02.0810
Lesion of Sciatic Nerve
[description not available]		03.3920
Genome Instability
[description not available]		07.1262
Direct Hyperbilirubinemia, Neonatal
[description not available]		02.0810
Stillbirth
The event that a FETUS is born dead or stillborn.		02.4720
Craniofacial Pain
[description not available]		02.6830
Facial Pain
Pain in the facial region including orofacial pain and craniofacial pain. Associated conditions include local inflammatory and neoplastic disorders and neuralgic syndromes involving the trigeminal, facial, and glossopharyngeal nerves. Conditions which feature recurrent or persistent facial pain as the primary manifestation of disease are referred to as FACIAL PAIN SYNDROMES.		02.6830
Deficiency, Protein
[description not available]		08.51411
Infant Malnutrition
Malnutrition, occurring in infants ages 1 month to 24 months, which is due to insufficient intake of food, dietary nutrients, or a pathophysiologic condition which prevents the absorption and utilization of food. Growth and development are markedly affected.		08.05312
Erythema Nodosum
An erythematous eruption commonly associated with drug reactions or infection and characterized by inflammatory nodules that are usually tender, multiple, and bilateral. These nodules are located predominantly on the shins with less common occurrence on the thighs and forearms. They undergo characteristic color changes ending in temporary bruise-like areas. This condition usually subsides in 3-6 weeks without scarring or atrophy.		02.0810
Coronary Heart Disease
[description not available]		014.891059
Diabetic Angiopathies
VASCULAR DISEASES that are associated with DIABETES MELLITUS.		08.38162
Coronary Disease
An imbalance between myocardial functional requirements and the capacity of the CORONARY VESSELS to supply sufficient blood flow. It is a form of MYOCARDIAL ISCHEMIA (insufficient blood supply to the heart muscle) caused by a decreased capacity of the coronary vessels.		014.891059
Advanced Sleep Phase Syndrome
[description not available]		05.8480
Sleep Disorders, Circadian Rhythm
Dyssomnias associated with disruption of the normal 24 hour sleep wake cycle secondary to travel (e.g., JET LAG SYNDROME), shift work, or other causes.		05.8480
Morphine Abuse
[description not available]		02.110
Morphine Dependence
Strong dependence, both physiological and emotional, upon morphine.		02.110
Infant, Small for Gestational Age
An infant having a birth weight lower than expected for its gestational age.		05.6161
Thalassemias
[description not available]		08.07420
Varices
[description not available]		02.0810
Asialia
[description not available]		02.0810
Thalassemia
A group of hereditary hemolytic anemias in which there is decreased synthesis of one or more hemoglobin polypeptide chains. There are several genetic types with clinical pictures ranging from barely detectable hematologic abnormality to severe and fatal anemia.		08.07420
Varicose Veins
Enlarged and tortuous VEINS.		02.0810
Xerostomia
Decreased salivary flow.		02.0810
Infarct, Lacunar
[description not available]		05.0731
Bunostomiasis
[description not available]		07.2210
Hookworm Infections
Infection of humans or animals with hookworms other than those caused by the genus Ancylostoma or Necator, for which the specific terms ANCYLOSTOMIASIS and NECATORIASIS are available.		012.2210
Emergencies
Situations or conditions requiring immediate intervention to avoid serious adverse results.		02.4220
Dyskinesia, Medication-Induced
[description not available]		02.9640
Agitation, Psychomotor
[description not available]		02.0810
Dyskinesia, Drug-Induced
Abnormal movements, including HYPERKINESIS; HYPOKINESIA; TREMOR; and DYSTONIA, associated with the use of certain medications or drugs. Muscles of the face, trunk, neck, and extremities are most commonly affected. Tardive dyskinesia refers to abnormal hyperkinetic movements of the muscles of the face, tongue, and neck associated with the use of neuroleptic agents (see ANTIPSYCHOTIC AGENTS). (Adams et al., Principles of Neurology, 6th ed, p1199)		02.9640
Psychomotor Agitation
A feeling of restlessness associated with increased motor activity. This may occur as a manifestation of nervous system drug toxicity or other conditions.		02.0810
Koch's Disease
[description not available]		05.68200
Tuberculosis
Any of the infectious diseases of man and other animals caused by species of MYCOBACTERIUM TUBERCULOSIS.		05.68200
Glaucoma
An ocular disease, occurring in many forms, having as its primary characteristics an unstable or a sustained increase in the intraocular pressure which the eye cannot withstand without damage to its structure or impairment of its function. The consequences of the increased pressure may be manifested in a variety of symptoms, depending upon type and severity, such as excavation of the optic disk, hardness of the eyeball, corneal anesthesia, reduced visual acuity, seeing of colored halos around lights, disturbed dark adaptation, visual field defects, and headaches. (Dictionary of Visual Science, 4th ed)		06.21131
Inflammatory Response Syndrome, Systemic
[description not available]		02.4620
Systemic Inflammatory Response Syndrome
A systemic inflammatory response to a variety of clinical insults, characterized by two or more of the following conditions: (1) fever		02.4620
Cheilitis
Inflammation of the lips. It is of various etiologies and degrees of pathology.		0450
Metastase
[description not available]		010.23374
Neoplasm Metastasis
The transfer of a neoplasm from one organ or part of the body to another remote from the primary site.		010.23374
Endocarditis, Loeffler
[description not available]		02.4520
Hypereosinophilic Syndrome
A heterogeneous group of disorders with the common feature of prolonged eosinophilia of unknown cause and associated organ system dysfunction, including the heart, central nervous system, kidneys, lungs, gastrointestinal tract, and skin. There is a massive increase in the number of EOSINOPHILS in the blood, mimicking leukemia, and extensive eosinophilic infiltration of the various organs.		02.4520
Postural Orthostatic Tachycardia Syndrome
A syndrome of ORTHOSTATIC INTOLERANCE combined with excessive upright TACHYCARDIA, and usually without associated ORTHOSTATIC HYPOTENSION. All variants have in common an excessively reduced venous return to the heart (central HYPOVOLEMIA) while upright.		02.110
Leg Ulcer
Ulceration of the skin and underlying structures of the lower extremity. About 90% of the cases are due to venous insufficiency (VARICOSE ULCER), 5% to arterial disease, and the remaining 5% to other causes.		03.5730
Bacterial Skin Diseases
[description not available]		03.0110
Abscess
Accumulation of purulent material in tissues, organs, or circumscribed spaces, usually associated with signs of infection.		04.7950
Skin Diseases, Bacterial
Skin diseases caused by bacteria.		03.0110
Cystic Fibrosis of Pancreas
[description not available]		08.69231
Cystic Fibrosis
An autosomal recessive genetic disease of the EXOCRINE GLANDS. It is caused by mutations in the gene encoding the CYSTIC FIBROSIS TRANSMEMBRANE CONDUCTANCE REGULATOR expressed in several organs including the LUNG, the PANCREAS, the BILIARY SYSTEM, and the SWEAT GLANDS. Cystic fibrosis is characterized by epithelial secretory dysfunction associated with ductal obstruction resulting in AIRWAY OBSTRUCTION; chronic RESPIRATORY INFECTIONS; PANCREATIC INSUFFICIENCY; maldigestion; salt depletion; and HEAT PROSTRATION.		08.69231
Nephrotic Syndrome
A condition characterized by severe PROTEINURIA, greater than 3.5 g/day in an average adult. The substantial loss of protein in the urine results in complications such as HYPOPROTEINEMIA; generalized EDEMA; HYPERTENSION; and HYPERLIPIDEMIAS. Diseases associated with nephrotic syndrome generally cause chronic kidney dysfunction.		04.6100
Placenta, Retained
A placenta that fails to be expelled after BIRTH of the FETUS. A PLACENTA is retained when the UTERUS fails to contract after the delivery of its content, or when the placenta is abnormally attached to the MYOMETRIUM.		03.4811
Mastitis, Bovine
INFLAMMATION of the UDDER in cows.		03.4811
Milk Fever, Animal
[description not available]		03.4811
Cornea Injuries
[description not available]		02.8640
Injuries, Eye
[description not available]		02.110
Blunt Injuries
[description not available]		02.110
Eye Injuries
Damage or trauma inflicted to the eye by external means. The concept includes both surface injuries and intraocular injuries.		02.110
Corneal Injuries
Damage or trauma inflicted to the CORNEA by external means.		02.8640
Cervical Tuberculous Lymphadenitis
[description not available]		02.3820
Erythrophagocytic Lymphohistiocytosis, Familial
[description not available]		02.7430
Lymphohistiocytosis, Hemophagocytic
A group of related disorders characterized by LYMPHOCYTOSIS; HISTIOCYTOSIS; and hemophagocytosis. The two major forms are familial and reactive.		02.7430
Brain Damage, Chronic
A condition characterized by long-standing brain dysfunction or damage, usually of three months duration or longer. Potential etiologies include BRAIN INFARCTION; certain NEURODEGENERATIVE DISORDERS; CRANIOCEREBRAL TRAUMA; ANOXIA, BRAIN; ENCEPHALITIS; certain NEUROTOXICITY SYNDROMES; metabolic disorders (see BRAIN DISEASES, METABOLIC); and other conditions.		02.8840
Acute Brain Injuries
[description not available]		02.6530
Brain Injuries
Acute and chronic (see also BRAIN INJURIES, CHRONIC) injuries to the brain, including the cerebral hemispheres, CEREBELLUM, and BRAIN STEM. Clinical manifestations depend on the nature of injury. Diffuse trauma to the brain is frequently associated with DIFFUSE AXONAL INJURY or COMA, POST-TRAUMATIC. Localized injuries may be associated with NEUROBEHAVIORAL MANIFESTATIONS; HEMIPARESIS, or other focal neurologic deficits.		02.6530
Carcinoma, Squamous Cell of Head and Neck
[description not available]		03.8721
Cancer of Head
[description not available]		04.4851
Squamous Cell Carcinoma of Head and Neck
The most common type of head and neck carcinoma that originates from cells on the surface of the NASAL CAVITY; MOUTH; PARANASAL SINUSES, SALIVARY GLANDS, and LARYNX. Mutations in TNFRSF10B, PTEN, and ING1 genes are associated with this cancer.		03.8721
Head and Neck Neoplasms
Soft tissue tumors or cancer arising from the mucosal surfaces of the LIP; oral cavity; PHARYNX; LARYNX; and cervical esophagus. Other sites included are the NOSE and PARANASAL SINUSES; SALIVARY GLANDS; THYROID GLAND and PARATHYROID GLANDS; and MELANOMA and non-melanoma skin cancers of the head and neck. (from Holland et al., Cancer Medicine, 4th ed, p1651)		04.4851
Hypergonadotropic Hypogonadism
[description not available]		02.4520
Cachexia
General ill health, malnutrition, and weight loss, usually associated with chronic disease.		02.8840
Hypogonadism
Condition resulting from deficient gonadal functions, such as GAMETOGENESIS and the production of GONADAL STEROID HORMONES. It is characterized by delay in GROWTH, germ cell maturation, and development of secondary sex characteristics. Hypogonadism can be due to a deficiency of GONADOTROPINS (hypogonadotropic hypogonadism) or due to primary gonadal failure (hypergonadotropic hypogonadism).		02.4520
Anterior Horn Cell Disease
[description not available]		03.1550
Motor Neuron Disease
Diseases characterized by a selective degeneration of the motor neurons of the spinal cord, brainstem, or motor cortex. Clinical subtypes are distinguished by the major site of degeneration. In AMYOTROPHIC LATERAL SCLEROSIS there is involvement of upper, lower, and brainstem motor neurons. In progressive muscular atrophy and related syndromes (see MUSCULAR ATROPHY, SPINAL) the motor neurons in the spinal cord are primarily affected. With progressive bulbar palsy (BULBAR PALSY, PROGRESSIVE), the initial degeneration occurs in the brainstem. In primary lateral sclerosis, the cortical neurons are affected in isolation. (Adams et al., Principles of Neurology, 6th ed, p1089)		03.1550
Jaw, Edentulous, Partially
Absence of teeth from a portion of the mandible and/or maxilla.		04.4322
Cannabis Abuse
[description not available]		02.110
Marijuana Abuse
Use of marijuana associated with abnormal psychological, social, and or occupational functioning.		02.110
B16 Melanoma
[description not available]		02.4520
Achromatopsia
Severely deficient color perception, typically with monochromacy and reduced visual acuity. The atypical form can include normal visual acuity with pseudomonochromacy.		03.0550
Color Vision Defects
Defects of color vision are mainly hereditary traits but can be secondary to acquired or developmental abnormalities in the CONES (RETINA). Severity of hereditary defects of color vision depends on the degree of mutation of the ROD OPSINS genes (on X CHROMOSOME and CHROMOSOME 3) that code the photopigments for red, green and blue.		03.0550
Hemolysis, Elevated Liver Enzymes, Lowered Platelets
[description not available]		02.9440
Deficiency of Glucose-6-Phosphate Dehydrogenase
[description not available]		04.5960
Glucosephosphate Dehydrogenase Deficiency
A disease-producing enzyme deficiency subject to many variants, some of which cause a deficiency of GLUCOSE-6-PHOSPHATE DEHYDROGENASE activity in erythrocytes, leading to hemolytic anemia.		04.5960
Urinary Tract Infections
Inflammatory responses of the epithelium of the URINARY TRACT to microbial invasions. They are often bacterial infections with associated BACTERIURIA and PYURIA.		04.661
HELLP Syndrome
A syndrome of HEMOLYSIS, elevated liver ENZYMES, and low blood platelets count (THROMBOCYTOPENIA). HELLP syndrome is observed in pregnant women with PRE-ECLAMPSIA or ECLAMPSIA who also exhibit LIVER damage and abnormalities in BLOOD COAGULATION.		02.9440
Abdominal Aortic Aneurysm
[description not available]		04.2160
Aortic Aneurysm, Abdominal
An abnormal balloon- or sac-like dilatation in the wall of the ABDOMINAL AORTA which gives rise to the visceral, the parietal, and the terminal (iliac) branches below the aortic hiatus at the diaphragm.		04.2160
Adenoma, Basal Cell
[description not available]		08.4162
Basedow Disease
[description not available]		04.8781
Nodular Goiter
[description not available]		02.110
Carcinoma, Papillary, Follicular
A thyroid neoplasm of mixed papillary and follicular arrangement. Its biological behavior and prognosis is the same as that of a papillary adenocarcinoma of the thyroid. (From DeVita Jr et al., Cancer: Principles & Practice of Oncology, 3d ed, p1271)		02.110
Adenoma
A benign epithelial tumor with a glandular organization.		08.4162
Goiter, Nodular
An enlarged THYROID GLAND containing multiple nodules (THYROID NODULE), usually resulting from recurrent thyroid HYPERPLASIA and involution over many years to produce the irregular enlargement. Multinodular goiters may be nontoxic or may induce THYROTOXICOSIS.		02.110
Graves Disease
A common form of hyperthyroidism with a diffuse hyperplastic GOITER. It is an autoimmune disorder that produces antibodies against the THYROID STIMULATING HORMONE RECEPTOR. These autoantibodies activate the TSH receptor, thereby stimulating the THYROID GLAND and hypersecretion of THYROID HORMONES. These autoantibodies can also affect the eyes (GRAVES OPHTHALMOPATHY) and the skin (Graves dermopathy).		04.8781
Atresia, Pulmonary
[description not available]		02.110
Brain Diseases, Metabolic, Familial
[description not available]		03.1450
Squamous Intraepithelial Lesions of the Cervix
A cytological test finding often from PAP SMEARS that shows abnormal lesions of SQUAMOUS EPITHELIAL CELLS of the CERVIX. It is a diagnostic criterion used in the Bethesda System for UTERINE CERVICAL NEOPLASMS and represents the PAP TEST result that is abnormal. Although squamous intraepithelial lesions test result does not mean UTERINE CERVICAL NEOPLASMS it requires follow-ups (e.g., HPV DNA TESTS; and COLPOSCOPY).		02.110
Deficiency, Vitamin E
[description not available]		06.62240
Paranoia
[description not available]		04.2770
Dermatitis, Periocular
[description not available]		03.0310
Lethargy
A general state of sluggishness, listless, or uninterested, with being tired, and having difficulty concentrating and doing simple tasks. It may be related to DEPRESSION or DRUG ADDICTION.		03.0310
Erythema
Redness of the skin produced by congestion of the capillaries. This condition may result from a variety of disease processes.		03.5830
Dermatitis, Perioral
A papular eruption of unknown etiology that progresses to residual papular erythema and scaling usually confined to the area of the mouth, and almost exclusively occurring in young women. It may also be localized or extend to involve the eyelids and adjacent glabella area of the forehead (periocular dermatitis). (Dorland, 28th ed)		03.0310
Cerebrovascular Moyamoya Disease
[description not available]		02.110
Craniocerebral Injuries
[description not available]		02.6930
Linear Skull Fracture
[description not available]		02.110
Craniocerebral Trauma
Traumatic injuries involving the cranium and intracranial structures (i.e., BRAIN; CRANIAL NERVES; MENINGES; and other structures). Injuries may be classified by whether or not the skull is penetrated (i.e., penetrating vs. nonpenetrating) or whether there is an associated hemorrhage.		02.6930
Drop Attack
[description not available]		02.7730
Syncope
A transient loss of consciousness and postural tone caused by diminished blood flow to the brain (i.e., BRAIN ISCHEMIA). Presyncope refers to the sensation of lightheadedness and loss of strength that precedes a syncopal event or accompanies an incomplete syncope. (From Adams et al., Principles of Neurology, 6th ed, pp367-9)		02.7730
Adjustment Sleep Disorder
[description not available]		02.110
Neutropenia
A decrease in the number of NEUTROPHILS found in the blood.		011.52249
Audiogenic Epilepsy
[description not available]		02.110
Epilepsy, Reflex
A subtype of epilepsy characterized by seizures that are consistently provoked by a certain specific stimulus. Auditory, visual, and somatosensory stimuli as well as the acts of writing, reading, eating, and decision making are examples of events or activities that may induce seizure activity in affected individuals. (From Neurol Clin 1994 Feb;12(1):57-8)		02.110
Bedwetting
[description not available]		02.1110
Nocturnal Enuresis
Involuntary discharge of URINE during sleep at night after expected age of completed development of urinary control.		02.1110
Deficiency, Yin
[description not available]		03.4811
Benign Psychomotor Epilepsy, Childhood
[description not available]		02.3820
Epilepsy, Temporal Lobe
A localization-related (focal) form of epilepsy characterized by recurrent seizures that arise from foci within the TEMPORAL LOBE, most commonly from its mesial aspect. A wide variety of psychic phenomena may be associated, including illusions, hallucinations, dyscognitive states, and affective experiences. The majority of complex partial seizures (see EPILEPSY, COMPLEX PARTIAL) originate from the temporal lobes. Temporal lobe seizures may be classified by etiology as cryptogenic, familial, or symptomatic. (From Adams et al., Principles of Neurology, 6th ed, p321).		02.3820
Cataract, Membranous
[description not available]		05.3951
Cataract
Partial or complete opacity on or in the lens or capsule of one or both eyes, impairing vision or causing blindness. The many kinds of cataract are classified by their morphology (size, shape, location) or etiology (cause and time of occurrence). (Dorland, 27th ed)		05.3951
Deficiency, Riboflavin
[description not available]		011.06275
Gasser Syndrome
[description not available]		05.82150
Infections, Pneumococcal
[description not available]		02.110
Hemolytic-Uremic Syndrome
A syndrome that is associated with microvascular diseases of the KIDNEY, such as RENAL CORTICAL NECROSIS. It is characterized by hemolytic anemia (ANEMIA, HEMOLYTIC); THROMBOCYTOPENIA; and ACUTE RENAL FAILURE.		05.82150
Pneumococcal Infections
Infections with bacteria of the species STREPTOCOCCUS PNEUMONIAE.		02.110
Foot Deformities
Alterations or deviations from normal shape or size which result in a disfigurement of the foot.		02.110
Myofascial Trigger Point Pain
[description not available]		02.110
Myofascial Pain Syndromes
Muscular pain in numerous body regions that can be reproduced by pressure on TRIGGER POINTS, localized hardenings in skeletal muscle tissue. Pain is referred to a location distant from the trigger points. A prime example is the TEMPOROMANDIBULAR JOINT DYSFUNCTION SYNDROME.		02.110
Reproductive Sterility
[description not available]		06.7891
Infertility
A reduced or absent capacity to reproduce.		06.7891
Albuminuria
The presence of albumin in the urine, an indicator of KIDNEY DISEASES.		07.36161
Allergy, Food
[description not available]		04.2740
Food Hypersensitivity
Gastrointestinal disturbances, skin eruptions, or shock due to allergic reactions to allergens in food.		04.2740
Mitral Stenosis
[description not available]		02.5120
Bouillaud Disease
[description not available]		04.7471
Mitral Valve Stenosis
Narrowing of the passage through the MITRAL VALVE due to FIBROSIS, and CALCINOSIS in the leaflets and chordal areas. This elevates the left atrial pressure which, in turn, raises pulmonary venous and capillary pressure leading to bouts of DYSPNEA and TACHYCARDIA during physical exertion. RHEUMATIC FEVER is its primary cause.		02.5120
Rheumatic Heart Disease
Cardiac manifestation of systemic rheumatological conditions, such as RHEUMATIC FEVER. Rheumatic heart disease can involve any part the heart, most often the HEART VALVES and the ENDOCARDIUM.		04.7471
Alcohol Withdrawal Associated Autonomic Hyperactivity
[description not available]		02.8740
Clerambault Syndrome
[description not available]		06.47250
Leukostasis
Abnormal intravascular leukocyte aggregation and clumping often seen in leukemia patients. The brain and lungs are the two most commonly affected organs. This acute syndrome requires aggressive cytoreductive modalities including chemotherapy and/or leukophoresis. It is differentiated from LEUKEMIC INFILTRATION which is a neoplastic process where leukemic cells invade organs.		02.1110
Abnormalities, Multiple
Congenital abnormalities that affect more than one organ or body structure.		03.3870
Asymptomatic Colonization
[description not available]		02.1110
Swine Diseases
Diseases of domestic swine and of the wild boar of the genus Sus.		05.62102
Bilophila Infections
[description not available]		02.1110
Fasciolopsiasis
[description not available]		07.8940
Grippe
[description not available]		04.4351
Influenza, Human
An acute viral infection in humans involving the respiratory tract. It is marked by inflammation of the NASAL MUCOSA; the PHARYNX; and conjunctiva, and by headache and severe, often generalized, myalgia.		04.4351
Anterior Cerebral Circulation Infarction
[description not available]		02.9740
Brain Infarction
Tissue NECROSIS in any area of the brain, including the CEREBRAL HEMISPHERES, the CEREBELLUM, and the BRAIN STEM. Brain infarction is the result of a cascade of events initiated by inadequate blood flow through the brain that is followed by HYPOXIA and HYPOGLYCEMIA in brain tissue. Damage may be temporary, permanent, selective or pan-necrosis.		02.9740
Scotoma
A localized defect in the visual field bordered by an area of normal vision. This occurs with a variety of EYE DISEASES (e.g., RETINAL DISEASES and GLAUCOMA); OPTIC NERVE DISEASES, and other conditions.		04.88140
Atherosclerotic Parkinsonism
[description not available]		02.1110
Parkinson Disease, Secondary
Conditions which feature clinical manifestations resembling primary Parkinson disease that are caused by a known or suspected condition. Examples include parkinsonism caused by vascular injury, drugs, trauma, toxin exposure, neoplasms, infections and degenerative or hereditary conditions. Clinical features may include bradykinesia, rigidity, parkinsonian gait, and masked facies. In general, tremor is less prominent in secondary parkinsonism than in the primary form. (From Joynt, Clinical Neurology, 1998, Ch38, pp39-42)		02.1110
Chronic Hepatitis C
[description not available]		05.7571
Anemia, Hypoplastic
[description not available]		06.91400
Viremia
The presence of viruses in the blood.		02.1110
Anemia, Aplastic
A form of anemia in which the bone marrow fails to produce adequate numbers of peripheral blood elements.		06.91400
Hepatitis C, Chronic
INFLAMMATION of the LIVER in humans that is caused by HEPATITIS C VIRUS lasting six months or more. Chronic hepatitis C can lead to LIVER CIRRHOSIS.		05.7571
Foreign-Body Reaction
Chronic inflammation and granuloma formation around irritating foreign bodies.		02.4920
Dysphagia
[description not available]		05.8791
Deglutition Disorders
Difficulty in SWALLOWING which may result from neuromuscular disorder or mechanical obstruction. Dysphagia is classified into two distinct types: oropharyngeal dysphagia due to malfunction of the PHARYNX and UPPER ESOPHAGEAL SPHINCTER; and esophageal dysphagia due to malfunction of the ESOPHAGUS.		05.8791
Hypertension, Renal
Persistent high BLOOD PRESSURE due to KIDNEY DISEASES, such as those involving the renal parenchyma, the renal vasculature, or tumors that secrete RENIN.		03.2160
Elevated Cholesterol
[description not available]		08.57306
Hypercholesterolemia
A condition with abnormally high levels of CHOLESTEROL in the blood. It is defined as a cholesterol value exceeding the 95th percentile for the population.		08.57306
Exanthem
[description not available]		02.940
Exanthema
Diseases in which skin eruptions or rashes are a prominent manifestation. Classically, six such diseases were described with similar rashes; they were numbered in the order in which they were reported. Only the fourth (Duke's disease), fifth (ERYTHEMA INFECTIOSUM), and sixth (EXANTHEMA SUBITUM) numeric designations survive as occasional synonyms in current terminology.		02.940
Enlarged Spleen
[description not available]		04.04150
Dehydration
The condition that results from excessive loss of water from a living organism.		02.6930
Marasmus
[description not available]		05.22200
Protein-Energy Malnutrition
The lack of sufficient energy or protein to meet the body's metabolic demands, as a result of either an inadequate dietary intake of protein, intake of poor quality dietary protein, increased demands due to disease, or increased nutrient losses.		05.22200
Aneurysm, Aortic
[description not available]		02.1110
Aortic Dissection
[description not available]		02.1110
Marfan Syndrome, Type I
[description not available]		03.8740
Aortic Aneurysm
An abnormal balloon- or sac-like dilatation in the wall of AORTA.		02.1110
Marfan Syndrome
An autosomal dominant disorder of CONNECTIVE TISSUE with abnormal features in the heart, the eye, and the skeleton. Cardiovascular manifestations include MITRAL VALVE PROLAPSE, dilation of the AORTA, and aortic dissection. Other features include lens displacement (ectopia lentis), disproportioned long limbs and enlarged DURA MATER (dural ectasia). Marfan syndrome (type 1) is associated with mutations in the gene encoding FIBRILLIN-1 (FBN1), a major element of extracellular microfibrils of connective tissue. Mutations in the gene encoding TYPE II TGF-BETA RECEPTOR (TGFBR2) are associated with Marfan syndrome type 2.		03.8740
Lichen Ruber Planus
[description not available]		02.3820
Chloasma
[description not available]		02.1110
Nail Diseases
Diseases of the nail plate and tissues surrounding it. The concept is limited to primates.		02.6830
Gout
Metabolic disorder characterized by recurrent acute arthritis, hyperuricemia and deposition of sodium urate in and around the joints, sometimes with formation of URIC ACID calculi.		04.57100
Lichen Planus
An inflammatory, pruritic disease of the skin and mucous membranes, which can be either generalized or localized. It is characterized by distinctive purplish, flat-topped papules having a predilection for the trunk and flexor surfaces. The lesions may be discrete or coalesce to form plaques. Histologically, there is a saw-tooth pattern of epidermal hyperplasia and vacuolar alteration of the basal layer of the epidermis along with an intense upper dermal inflammatory infiltrate composed predominantly of T-cells. Etiology is unknown.		02.3820
Melanosis
Disorders of increased melanin pigmentation that develop without preceding inflammatory disease.		02.1110
Heavy Menstrual Bleeding
[description not available]		02.6630
Menorrhagia
Excessive uterine bleeding during MENSTRUATION.		02.6630
Oral Submucous Fibrosis
Irreversible FIBROSIS of the submucosal tissue of the MOUTH.		02.1110
Conus Medullaris Syndrome
[description not available]		02.7230
Psychological Trauma
An emotionally painful, shocking, stressful, and sometimes life-threatening experience. It can result from witnessing distressing events such as natural disasters, physical or sexual abuse, and terrorism or other acts of violence. (https://www.nimh.nih.gov/health/)		02.1110
Low Tension Glaucoma
A form of glaucoma in which chronic optic nerve damage and loss of vision normally attributable to buildup of intraocular pressure occurs despite prevailing conditions of normal intraocular pressure.		03.420
Hyperparathyroidism
A condition of abnormally elevated output of PARATHYROID HORMONE (or PTH) triggering responses that increase blood CALCIUM. It is characterized by HYPERCALCEMIA and BONE RESORPTION, eventually leading to bone diseases. PRIMARY HYPERPARATHYROIDISM is caused by parathyroid HYPERPLASIA or PARATHYROID NEOPLASMS. SECONDARY HYPERPARATHYROIDISM is increased PTH secretion in response to HYPOCALCEMIA, usually caused by chronic KIDNEY DISEASES.		02.6630
Nerve Root Avulsion
[description not available]		04.2570
Radiculopathy
Disease involving a spinal nerve root (see SPINAL NERVE ROOTS) which may result from compression related to INTERVERTEBRAL DISK DISPLACEMENT; SPINAL CORD INJURIES; SPINAL DISEASES; and other conditions. Clinical manifestations include radicular pain, weakness, and sensory loss referable to structures innervated by the involved nerve root.		04.2570
Cranial Nerve III Diseases
[description not available]		03.511
Tooth Discoloration
Any change in the hue, color, or translucency of a tooth due to any cause. Restorative filling materials, drugs (both topical and systemic), pulpal necrosis, or hemorrhage may be responsible. (Jablonski, Dictionary of Dentistry, 1992, p253)		02.1110
Nearsightedness
[description not available]		03.6630
Myopia
A refractive error in which rays of light entering the EYE parallel to the optic axis are brought to a focus in front of the RETINA when accommodation (ACCOMMODATION, OCULAR) is relaxed. This results from an overly curved CORNEA or from the eyeball being too long from front to back. It is also called nearsightedness.		03.6630
Eye Pain
A dull or sharp painful sensation associated with the outer or inner structures of the eyeball, having different causes.		02.5320
Secondary Hyperparathyroidism
[description not available]		02.1110
Hyperparathyroidism, Secondary
Abnormally elevated PARATHYROID HORMONE secretion as a response to HYPOCALCEMIA. It is caused by chronic KIDNEY FAILURE or other abnormalities in the controls of bone and mineral metabolism, leading to various BONE DISEASES, such as RENAL OSTEODYSTROPHY.		02.1110
Facial Palsy
[description not available]		07.59192
Acquired Facial Neuropathy
[description not available]		02.1110
Autoimmune Diseases of the Nervous System
Disorders caused by cellular or humoral immune responses primarily directed towards nervous system autoantigens. The immune response may be directed towards specific tissue components (e.g., myelin) and may be limited to the central nervous system (e.g., MULTIPLE SCLEROSIS) or the peripheral nervous system (e.g., GUILLAIN-BARRE SYNDROME).		02.1110
Cell Transformation, Neoplastic
Cell changes manifested by escape from control mechanisms, increased growth potential, alterations in the cell surface, karyotypic abnormalities, morphological and biochemical deviations from the norm, and other attributes conferring the ability to invade, metastasize, and kill.		05.15110
Asthma, Cardiac
[description not available]		02.1110
Sinus Tachycardia
[description not available]		02.1110
Animal Mammary Carcinoma
[description not available]		02.4320
Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma
A carcinoma that originates in the EPITHELIUM of the NASOPHARYNX and includes four subtypes: keratinizing squamous cell, non-keratinizing, basaloid squamous cell, and PAPILLARY ADENOCARCINOMA. It is most prevalent in Southeast Asian populations and is associated with EPSTEIN-BARR VIRUS INFECTIONS. Somatic mutations associated with this cancer have been identified in NPCR, BAP1, UBAP1, ERBB2, ERBB3, MLL2, PIK3CA, KRAS, NRAS, and ARID1A genes.		02.1310
Cancer of Nasopharynx
[description not available]		04.6932
Nasopharyngeal Neoplasms
Tumors or cancer of the NASOPHARYNX.		04.6932
Bone Diseases
Diseases of BONES.		05.67140
Hives
[description not available]		04.4990
Urticaria
A vascular reaction of the skin characterized by erythema and wheal formation due to localized increase of vascular permeability. The causative mechanism may be allergy, infection, or stress.		04.4990
Attachment Loss, Periodontal
[description not available]		04.1231
Pocket, Periodontal
[description not available]		02.4720
Pericementitis
[description not available]		02.1310
Tooth Loss
The failure to retain teeth as a result of disease or injury.		03.3720
Periodontal Pocket
An abnormal extension of a gingival sulcus accompanied by the apical migration of the epithelial attachment and bone resorption.		02.4720
Periodontitis
Inflammation and loss of connective tissues supporting or surrounding the teeth. This may involve any part of the PERIODONTIUM. Periodontitis is currently classified by disease progression (CHRONIC PERIODONTITIS; AGGRESSIVE PERIODONTITIS) instead of age of onset. (From 1999 International Workshop for a Classification of Periodontal Diseases and Conditions, American Academy of Periodontology)		02.1310
Amaurosis
[description not available]		03.3570
Blindness
The inability to see or the loss or absence of perception of visual stimuli. This condition may be the result of EYE DISEASES; OPTIC NERVE DISEASES; OPTIC CHIASM diseases; or BRAIN DISEASES affecting the VISUAL PATHWAYS or OCCIPITAL LOBE.		03.3570
Entrapment Neuropathy, Tarsal Tunnel
[description not available]		02.1310
Entrapment Neuropathies
[description not available]		03.0750
Amino Acid Transport Disorders, Inborn
Disorders characterized by defective transport of amino acids across cell membranes. These include deficits in transport across brush-border epithelial cell membranes of the small intestine (MICROVILLI) and KIDNEY TUBULES; transport across the basolateral membrane; and transport across the membranes of intracellular organelles. (From Nippon Rinsho 1992 Jul;50(7):1587-92)		02.1310
Cancer of Rectum
[description not available]		05.3272
Rectal Neoplasms
Tumors or cancer of the RECTUM.		05.3272
Lung Adenocarcinoma
[description not available]		03.511
Adenocarcinoma of Lung
A carcinoma originating in the lung and the most common lung cancer type in never-smokers. Malignant cells exhibit distinct features such as glandular epithelial, or tubular morphology. Mutations in KRAS, EGFR, BRAF, and ERBB2 genes are associated with this cancer.		03.511
Pernicious Vomiting of Pregnancy
[description not available]		08.0491
Hyperemesis Gravidarum
Intractable VOMITING that develops in early PREGNANCY and persists. This can lead to DEHYDRATION and WEIGHT LOSS.		08.0491
Carotid Artery Narrowing
[description not available]		06.82132
Carotid Stenosis
Narrowing or stricture of any part of the CAROTID ARTERIES, most often due to atherosclerotic plaque formation. Ulcerations may form in atherosclerotic plaques and induce THROMBUS formation. Platelet or cholesterol emboli may arise from stenotic carotid lesions and induce a TRANSIENT ISCHEMIC ATTACK; CEREBROVASCULAR ACCIDENT; or temporary blindness (AMAUROSIS FUGAX). (From Adams et al., Principles of Neurology, 6th ed, pp 822-3)		06.82132
Aplasia Pure Red Cell
[description not available]		02.4220
Red-Cell Aplasia, Pure
Suppression of erythropoiesis with little or no abnormality of leukocyte or platelet production.		02.4220
Skin Diseases, Vascular
Skin diseases affecting or involving the cutaneous blood vessels and generally manifested as inflammation, swelling, erythema, or necrosis in the affected area.		03.8840
Argentaffinoma
[description not available]		06.2981
Carcinoid Tumor
A usually small, slow-growing neoplasm composed of islands of rounded, oxyphilic, or spindle-shaped cells of medium size, with moderately small vesicular nuclei, and covered by intact mucosa with a yellow cut surface. The tumor can occur anywhere in the gastrointestinal tract (and in the lungs and other sites); approximately 90% arise in the appendix. It is now established that these tumors are of neuroendocrine origin and derive from a primitive stem cell. (From Stedman, 25th ed & Holland et al., Cancer Medicine, 3d ed, p1182)		06.2981
Arterial Obstructive Diseases
[description not available]		06.02101
External Ophthalmoplegia
[description not available]		02.6730
Arterial Occlusive Diseases
Pathological processes which result in the partial or complete obstruction of ARTERIES. They are characterized by greatly reduced or absence of blood flow through these vessels. They are also known as arterial insufficiency.		06.02101
Bare Lymphocyte Syndrome
[description not available]		02.5120
Severe Combined Immunodeficiency
Group of rare congenital disorders characterized by impairment of both humoral and cell-mediated immunity, leukopenia, and low or absent antibody levels. It is inherited as an X-linked or autosomal recessive defect. Mutations occurring in many different genes cause human Severe Combined Immunodeficiency (SCID).		02.5120
Cardiovascular Pregnancy Complications
[description not available]		04.4850
Granulocytic Leukemia
[description not available]		013.931490
Leukemia, Myeloid
Form of leukemia characterized by an uncontrolled proliferation of the myeloid lineage and their precursors (MYELOID PROGENITOR CELLS) in the bone marrow and other sites.		08.931490
Pallor
A clinical manifestation consisting of an unnatural paleness of the skin.		02.1310
Asthenia
Clinical sign or symptom manifested as debility, or lack or loss of strength and energy.		05.59181
Lymph Node Metastasis
[description not available]		04.3980
Acquired Meningomyelocele
[description not available]		03.7921
Congenital Zika Syndrome
[description not available]		02.8530
Zika Virus Infection
A viral disease transmitted by the bite of AEDES mosquitoes infected with ZIKA VIRUS. Its mild DENGUE-like symptoms include fever, rash, headaches and ARTHRALGIA. The viral infection during pregnancy, in rare cases, is associated with congenital brain and ocular abnormalities, called Congenital Zika Syndrome, including MICROCEPHALY and may also lead to GUILLAIN-BARRE SYNDROME.		02.8530
Hypertriglyceridemia
A condition of elevated levels of TRIGLYCERIDES in the blood.		03.8321
Monkey Diseases
Diseases of Old World and New World monkeys. This term includes diseases of baboons but not of chimpanzees or gorillas (= APE DISEASES).		03.0650
Alcoholic Liver Diseases
[description not available]		05.65130
Liver Diseases, Alcoholic
Liver diseases associated with ALCOHOLISM. It usually refers to the coexistence of two or more subentities, i.e., ALCOHOLIC FATTY LIVER; ALCOHOLIC HEPATITIS; and ALCOHOLIC CIRRHOSIS.		05.65130
Auditory Hyperesthesia
[description not available]		02.1310
Athetoid Movements
[description not available]		02.8840
Tracheal Stenosis
A pathological narrowing of the TRACHEA.		02.1510
Fibrosarcoma
A sarcoma derived from deep fibrous tissue, characterized by bundles of immature proliferating fibroblasts with variable collagen formation, which tends to invade locally and metastasize by the bloodstream. (Stedman, 25th ed)		02.8840
Hormone-Dependent Neoplasms
[description not available]		02.7230
Fetal Macrosomia
A condition of fetal overgrowth leading to a large-for-gestational-age FETUS. It is defined as BIRTH WEIGHT greater than 4,000 grams or above the 90th percentile for population and sex-specific growth curves. It is commonly seen in GESTATIONAL DIABETES; PROLONGED PREGNANCY; and pregnancies complicated by pre-existing diabetes mellitus.		02.1310
Cervical Spondylosis
[description not available]		02.3620
Spondylosis
A degenerative spinal disease that can involve any part of the VERTEBRA, the INTERVERTEBRAL DISK, and the surrounding soft tissue.		02.3620
Muscle Disorders
[description not available]		05.6671
Muscular Diseases
Acquired, familial, and congenital disorders of SKELETAL MUSCLE and SMOOTH MUSCLE.		05.6671
Airflow Obstruction, Chronic
[description not available]		03.8721
Pulmonary Disease, Chronic Obstructive
A disease of chronic diffuse irreversible airflow obstruction. Subcategories of COPD include CHRONIC BRONCHITIS and PULMONARY EMPHYSEMA.		03.8721
Hepatitis B Virus Infection
[description not available]		05.3751
Hepatitis B
INFLAMMATION of the LIVER in humans caused by a member of the ORTHOHEPADNAVIRUS genus, HEPATITIS B VIRUS. It is primarily transmitted by parenteral exposure, such as transfusion of contaminated blood or blood products, but can also be transmitted via sexual or intimate personal contact.		05.3751
Cerebral Arteriosclerosis
[description not available]		06.772
Intracranial Arteriosclerosis
Vascular diseases characterized by thickening and hardening of the walls of ARTERIES inside the SKULL. There are three subtypes: (1) atherosclerosis with fatty deposits in the ARTERIAL INTIMA; (2) Monckeberg's sclerosis with calcium deposits in the media and (3) arteriolosclerosis involving the small caliber arteries. Clinical signs include HEADACHE; CONFUSION; transient blindness (AMAUROSIS FUGAX); speech impairment; and HEMIPARESIS.		06.772
Bronze Diabetes
[description not available]		04.09160
Hemochromatosis
A disorder of iron metabolism characterized by a triad of HEMOSIDEROSIS; LIVER CIRRHOSIS; and DIABETES MELLITUS. It is caused by massive iron deposits in parenchymal cells that may develop after a prolonged increase of iron absorption. (Jablonski's Dictionary of Syndromes & Eponymic Diseases, 2d ed)		04.09160
Jaw, Edentulous
The total absence of teeth from either the mandible or the maxilla, but not both. Total absence of teeth from both is MOUTH, EDENTULOUS. Partial absence of teeth in either is JAW, EDENTULOUS, PARTIALLY.		03.4311
As If Personality
[description not available]		02.6530
Dysthymia
[description not available]		02.4520
Dysthymic Disorder
Chronically depressed mood that occurs for most of the day more days than not for at least 2 years. The required minimum duration in children to make this diagnosis is 1 year. During periods of depressed mood, at least 2 of the following additional symptoms are present: poor appetite or overeating, insomnia or hypersomnia, low energy or fatigue, low self-esteem, poor concentration or difficulty making decisions, and feelings of hopelessness. (DSM-IV)		02.4520
Poisoning
Used with drugs, chemicals, and industrial materials for human or animal poisoning, acute or chronic, whether the poisoning is accidental, occupational, suicidal, by medication error, or by environmental exposure.		08.08223
Puerperal Disorders
Disorders or diseases associated with PUERPERIUM, the six-to-eight-week period immediately after PARTURITION in humans.		05.53171
Experimental Mammary Neoplasms
[description not available]		03.75110
Aortic Stenosis
[description not available]		08.9284
Aortic Valve Stenosis
A pathological constriction that can occur above (supravalvular stenosis), below (subvalvular stenosis), or at the AORTIC VALVE. It is characterized by restricted outflow from the LEFT VENTRICLE into the AORTA.		08.9284
Patent Foramen Ovale
[description not available]		03.3620
Crossed Embolism
[description not available]		02.0410
Foramen Ovale, Patent
A condition in which the FORAMEN OVALE in the ATRIAL SEPTUM fails to close shortly after birth. This results in abnormal communications between the two upper chambers of the heart. An isolated patent ovale foramen without other structural heart defects is usually of no hemodynamic significance.		03.3620
Colonic Diseases
Pathological processes in the COLON region of the large intestine (INTESTINE, LARGE).		03.840
Dementia Multi-Infarct
[description not available]		04.6261
Calcification, Pathologic
[description not available]		07.8974
Arterial Diseases, Carotid
[description not available]		08.6125
Calcinosis
Pathologic deposition of calcium salts in tissues.		07.8974
Carotid Artery Diseases
Pathological conditions involving the CAROTID ARTERIES, including the common, internal, and external carotid arteries. ATHEROSCLEROSIS and TRAUMA are relatively frequent causes of carotid artery pathology.		08.6125
Bone Marrow Diseases
Diseases involving the BONE MARROW.		08.2361
Eye Disorders
[description not available]		06.97181
Eye Diseases
Diseases affecting the eye.		06.97181
Arterial Inflammation
[description not available]		04.422
Ventricular Dysfunction
A condition in which HEART VENTRICLES exhibit impaired function.		02.0410
Hypospadias
A birth defect due to malformation of the URETHRA in which the urethral opening is below its normal location. In the male, the malformed urethra generally opens on the ventral surface of the PENIS or on the PERINEUM. In the female, the malformed urethral opening is in the VAGINA.		02.0510
Refractory Anemia
[description not available]		02.940
Anemia, Refractory
A severe sometimes chronic anemia, usually macrocytic in type, that does not respond to ordinary antianemic therapy.		02.940
E coli Infections
[description not available]		03.0450
Escherichia coli Infections
Infections with bacteria of the species ESCHERICHIA COLI.		03.0450
Sclerosis
A pathological process consisting of hardening or fibrosis of an anatomical structure, often a vessel or a nerve.		05.05100
Basal Ganglia Diseases
Diseases of the BASAL GANGLIA including the PUTAMEN; GLOBUS PALLIDUS; claustrum; AMYGDALA; and CAUDATE NUCLEUS. DYSKINESIAS (most notably involuntary movements and alterations of the rate of movement) represent the primary clinical manifestations of these disorders. Common etiologies include CEREBROVASCULAR DISORDERS; NEURODEGENERATIVE DISEASES; and CRANIOCEREBRAL TRAUMA.		02.9640
Abnormalities, Teeth
[description not available]		02.3620
Bladder Diseases
[description not available]		02.420
Wallerian Degeneration
Degeneration of distal aspects of a nerve axon following injury to the cell body or proximal portion of the axon. The process is characterized by fragmentation of the axon and its MYELIN SHEATH.		02.420
Brachial Plexopathy
[description not available]		05.0750
Dilatation, Pathologic
The condition of an anatomical structure's being dilated beyond normal dimensions.		02.9540
Brachial Plexus Neuropathies
Diseases of the cervical (and first thoracic) roots, nerve trunks, cords, and peripheral nerve components of the BRACHIAL PLEXUS. Clinical manifestations include regional pain, PARESTHESIA; MUSCLE WEAKNESS, and decreased sensation (HYPESTHESIA) in the upper extremity. These disorders may be associated with trauma (including BIRTH INJURIES); THORACIC OUTLET SYNDROME; NEOPLASMS; NEURITIS; RADIOTHERAPY; and other conditions. (From Adams et al., Principles of Neurology, 6th ed, pp1351-2)		05.0750
Bannayan-Riley-Ruvalcaba Syndrome
[description not available]		02.0510
Polyps
Discrete abnormal tissue masses that protrude into the lumen of the DIGESTIVE TRACT or the RESPIRATORY TRACT. Polyps can be spheroidal, hemispheroidal, or irregular mound-shaped structures attached to the MUCOUS MEMBRANE of the lumen wall either by a stalk, pedunculus, or by a broad base.		03.4680
Hamartoma Syndrome, Multiple
A hereditary disease characterized by multiple ectodermal, mesodermal, and endodermal nevoid and neoplastic anomalies. Facial trichilemmomas and papillomatous papules of the oral mucosa are the most characteristic lesions. Individuals with this syndrome have a high risk of BREAST CANCER; THYROID CANCER; and ENDOMETRIAL CANCER. This syndrome is associated with mutations in the gene for PTEN PHOSPHATASE.		02.0510
Hemorrhagic Disease of Newborn
Neonatal nasogastric or intracranial hemorrhage caused by vitamin K deficiency.		02.0510
Cystic Periventricular Leukomalacia
[description not available]		02.0510
Leukomalacia, Periventricular
Degeneration of white matter adjacent to the CEREBRAL VENTRICLES following cerebral hypoxia or BRAIN ISCHEMIA in neonates. The condition primarily affects white matter in the perfusion zone between superficial and deep branches of the MIDDLE CEREBRAL ARTERY. Clinical manifestations include VISION DISORDERS; CEREBRAL PALSY; PARAPLEGIA; SEIZURES; and cognitive disorders. (From Adams et al., Principles of Neurology, 6th ed, p1021; Joynt, Clinical Neurology, 1997, Ch4, pp30-1)		02.0510
Cleft Spine
[description not available]		04.85130
Amniotic Band Syndrome
A disorder present in the newborn infant in which constriction rings or bands, causing soft tissue depressions, encircle digits, extremities, or limbs and sometimes the neck, thorax, or abdomen. They may be associated with intrauterine amputations.		02.0410
Bone Cancer
[description not available]		06.6881
Adenocarcinoma, Alveolar
[description not available]		02.0510
Breathlessness
[description not available]		04.0250
Bone Neoplasms
Tumors or cancer located in bone tissue or specific BONES.		06.6881
Adenocarcinoma, Bronchiolo-Alveolar
A carcinoma derived from epithelium of terminal bronchioles, in which the neoplastic tissue extends along the alveolar walls and grows in small masses within the alveoli. Involvement may be uniformly diffuse and massive, or nodular, or lobular. The neoplastic cells are cuboidal or columnar and form papillary structures. Mucin may be demonstrated in some of the cells and in the material in the alveoli, which also includes denuded cells. Metastases in regional lymph nodes, and in even more distant sites, are known to occur, but are infrequent. (From Stedman, 25th ed)		02.0510
Cough
A sudden, audible expulsion of air from the lungs through a partially closed glottis, preceded by inhalation. It is a protective response that serves to clear the trachea, bronchi, and/or lungs of irritants and secretions, or to prevent aspiration of foreign materials into the lungs.		03.3820
Dyspnea
Difficult or labored breathing.		04.0250
Ectopia Lentis
Congenital displacement of the lens resulting from defective zonule formation.		02.9610
Dermatitis, Eczematous
[description not available]		04.5961
Eczema
A pruritic papulovesicular dermatitis occurring as a reaction to many endogenous and exogenous agents (Dorland, 27th ed).		04.5961
Dysostoses
Defective bone formation involving individual bones, singly or in combination.		02.0510
Precordial Catch
[description not available]		03.8221
Chest Pain
Pressure, burning, or numbness in the chest.		03.8221
Encephalomyelitis, Inflammatory
[description not available]		02.6730
Encephalomyelitis
A general term indicating inflammation of the BRAIN and SPINAL CORD, often used to indicate an infectious process, but also applicable to a variety of autoimmune and toxic-metabolic conditions. There is significant overlap regarding the usage of this term and ENCEPHALITIS in the literature.		02.6730
Granuloma, Hodgkin
[description not available]		05.12180
Diffuse Mixed Small and Large Cell Lymphoma
[description not available]		05.42150
Hodgkin Disease
A malignant disease characterized by progressive enlargement of the lymph nodes, spleen, and general lymphoid tissue. In the classical variant, giant usually multinucleate Hodgkin's and REED-STERNBERG CELLS are present; in the nodular lymphocyte predominant variant, lymphocytic and histiocytic cells are seen.		05.12180
Lymphoma, Non-Hodgkin
Any of a group of malignant tumors of lymphoid tissue that differ from HODGKIN DISEASE, being more heterogeneous with respect to malignant cell lineage, clinical course, prognosis, and therapy. The only common feature among these tumors is the absence of giant REED-STERNBERG CELLS, a characteristic of Hodgkin's disease.		05.42150
Mucositis
An INFLAMMATION of the MUCOSA with burning or tingling sensation. It is characterized by atrophy of the squamous EPITHELIUM, vascular damage, inflammatory infiltration, and ulceration. It usually occurs at the mucous lining of the MOUTH, the GASTROINTESTINAL TRACT or the airway due to chemical irritations, CHEMOTHERAPY, or radiation therapy (RADIOTHERAPY).		02.0510
Angina at Rest
[description not available]		03.8121
Angina, Unstable
Precordial pain at rest, which may precede a MYOCARDIAL INFARCTION.		03.8121
Briquet Syndrome
[description not available]		02.3620
Somatoform Disorders
Disorders having the presence of physical symptoms that suggest a general medical condition but that are not fully explained by another medical condition, by the direct effects of a substance, or by another mental disorder. The MEDICALLY UNEXPLAINED SYMPTOMS must cause clinically significant distress or impairment in social, occupational, or other areas of functioning. In contrast to FACTITIOUS DISORDERS and MALINGERING, the physical symptoms are not under voluntary control. (APA, DSM-V)		02.3620
Hypogammaglobulinemia
[description not available]		05.96190
Agammaglobulinemia
An immunologic deficiency state characterized by an extremely low level of generally all classes of gamma-globulin in the blood.		05.96190
Aggression
Behavior which may be manifested by destructive and attacking action which is verbal or physical, by covert attitudes of hostility or by obstructionism.		03.7621
Lymphocytopenia
[description not available]		02.3820
Lymphopenia
Reduction in the number of lymphocytes.		02.3820
Alcohol Withdrawal Seizures
A condition where seizures occur in association with ethanol abuse (ALCOHOLISM) without other identifiable causes. Seizures usually occur within the first 6-48 hours after the cessation of alcohol intake, but may occur during periods of alcohol intoxication. Single generalized tonic-clonic motor seizures are the most common subtype, however, STATUS EPILEPTICUS may occur. (Adams et al., Principles of Neurology, 6th ed, p1174)		02.9610
Bronchospasm
[description not available]		02.4120
Bronchial Spasm
Spasmodic contraction of the smooth muscle of the bronchi.		02.4120
Fibroid
[description not available]		04.4551
Glossalgia
Painful sensations in the tongue, including a sensation of burning.		02.940
Leiomyoma
A benign tumor derived from smooth muscle tissue, also known as a fibroid tumor. They rarely occur outside of the UTERUS and the GASTROINTESTINAL TRACT but can occur in the SKIN and SUBCUTANEOUS TISSUE, probably arising from the smooth muscle of small blood vessels in these tissues.		04.4551
Multiple Primary Neoplasms
[description not available]		02.6730
Anaphylactic Reaction
[description not available]		04.2180
Anaphylaxis
An acute hypersensitivity reaction due to exposure to a previously encountered ANTIGEN. The reaction may include rapidly progressing URTICARIA, respiratory distress, vascular collapse, systemic SHOCK, and death.		04.2180
Calcium Metabolism Disorders
Disorders in the processing of calcium in the body: its absorption, transport, storage, and utilization.		02.0510
MODS
[description not available]		02.0510
Multiple Organ Failure
A progressive condition usually characterized by combined failure of several organs such as the lungs, liver, kidney, along with some clotting mechanisms, usually postinjury or postoperative.		02.0510
Benign Paroxysmal Peritonitis
[description not available]		02.3820
Familial Mediterranean Fever
A group of HEREDITARY AUTOINFLAMMATION DISEASES, characterized by recurrent fever, abdominal pain, headache, rash, PLEURISY; and ARTHRITIS. ORCHITIS; benign MENINGITIS; and AMYLOIDOSIS may also occur. Homozygous or compound heterozygous mutations in marenostrin gene encoding PYRIN result in autosomal recessive transmission; simple heterozygous, autosomal dominant form of the disease also exists with mutations in the same gene.		02.3820
Beriberi
A disease caused by a deficiency of thiamine (vitamin B1) and characterized by polyneuritis, cardiac pathology, and edema. The epidemic form is found primarily in areas in which white (polished) rice is the staple food, as in Japan, China, the Philippines, India, and other countries of southeast Asia. (Dorland, 27th ed)		03.5630
Asystole
[description not available]		02.7330
Cardiac Hypertrophy
Enlargement of the HEART due to chamber HYPERTROPHY, an increase in wall thickness without an increase in the number of cells (MYOCYTES, CARDIAC). It is the result of increase in myocyte size, mitochondrial and myofibrillar mass, as well as changes in extracellular matrix.		02.8740
Beriberi, Cerebral
[description not available]		03.630
Heart Arrest
Cessation of heart beat or MYOCARDIAL CONTRACTION. If it is treated within a few minutes, heart arrest can be reversed in most cases to normal cardiac rhythm and effective circulation.		02.7330
Cardiomegaly
Enlargement of the HEART, usually indicated by a cardiothoracic ratio above 0.50. Heart enlargement may involve the right, the left, or both HEART VENTRICLES or HEART ATRIA. Cardiomegaly is a nonspecific symptom seen in patients with chronic systolic heart failure (HEART FAILURE) or several forms of CARDIOMYOPATHIES.		02.8740
Drug-Induced Stevens Johnson Syndrome
[description not available]		02.0510
Stevens-Johnson Syndrome
Rare cutaneous eruption characterized by extensive KERATINOCYTE apoptosis resulting in skin detachment with mucosal involvement. It is often provoked by the use of drugs (e.g., antibiotics and anticonvulsants) or associated with PNEUMONIA, MYCOPLASMA. It is considered a continuum of Toxic Epidermal Necrolysis.		02.0510
Brain Hemorrhage
[description not available]		02.0510
Intracranial Hemorrhages
Bleeding within the SKULL, including hemorrhages in the brain and the three membranes of MENINGES. The escape of blood often leads to the formation of HEMATOMA in the cranial epidural, subdural, and subarachnoid spaces.		02.0510
Invasiveness, Neoplasm
[description not available]		02.4320
Extra-Mammary Paget Disease
[description not available]		03.4411
Paget Disease, Extramammary
A rare cutaneous neoplasm that occurs in the elderly. It develops more frequently in women and predominantly involves apocrine gland-bearing areas, especially the vulva, scrotum, and perianal areas. The lesions develop as erythematous scaly patches that progress to crusted, pruritic, erythematous plaques. The clinical differential diagnosis includes squamous cell carcinoma in situ and superficial fungal infection. It is generally thought to be an adenocarcinoma of the epidermis, from which it extends into the contiguous epithelium of hair follicles and eccrine sweat ducts. (DeVita Jr et al., Cancer: Principles & Practice of Oncology, 3d ed, p1478)		03.4411
Mesenteric Vascular Occlusion
Obstruction of the flow in the SPLANCHNIC CIRCULATION by ATHEROSCLEROSIS; EMBOLISM; THROMBOSIS; STENOSIS; TRAUMA; and compression or intrinsic pressure from adjacent tumors. Rare causes are drugs, intestinal parasites, and vascular immunoinflammatory diseases such as PERIARTERITIS NODOSA and THROMBOANGIITIS OBLITERANS. (From Juergens et al., Peripheral Vascular Diseases, 5th ed, pp295-6)		03.2160
Heart Disease, Ischemic
[description not available]		08.5194
Myocardial Ischemia
A disorder of cardiac function caused by insufficient blood flow to the muscle tissue of the heart. The decreased blood flow may be due to narrowing of the coronary arteries (CORONARY ARTERY DISEASE), to obstruction by a thrombus (CORONARY THROMBOSIS), or less commonly, to diffuse narrowing of arterioles and other small vessels within the heart. Severe interruption of the blood supply to the myocardial tissue may result in necrosis of cardiac muscle (MYOCARDIAL INFARCTION).		08.5194
Lichen Simplex Chronicus
[description not available]		02.4520
Neurodermatitis
An extremely variable eczematous skin disease that is presumed to be a response to prolonged vigorous scratching, rubbing, or pinching to relieve intense pruritus. It varies in intensity, severity, course, and morphologic expression in different individuals. Neurodermatitis is believed by some to be psychogenic. The circumscribed or localized form is often referred to as lichen simplex chronicus.		02.4520
Parasitemia
The presence of parasites (especially malarial parasites) in the blood. (Dorland, 27th ed)		02.0510
Germinoblastoma
[description not available]		06200
Lymphoma
A general term for various neoplastic diseases of the lymphoid tissue.		06200
Biliary Cirrhosis
[description not available]		03.0850
Liver Cirrhosis, Biliary
FIBROSIS of the hepatic parenchyma due to obstruction of BILE flow (CHOLESTASIS) in the intrahepatic or extrahepatic bile ducts (BILE DUCTS, INTRAHEPATIC; BILE DUCTS, EXTRAHEPATIC). Primary biliary cholangitis involves the destruction of small intra-hepatic bile ducts and decreased bile secretion. Secondary biliary cholangitis is produced by prolonged obstruction of large intrahepatic or extrahepatic bile ducts from a variety of causes.		03.0850
Dermal Sinus
[description not available]		02.420
Neuroendocrine Tumors
Tumors whose cells possess secretory granules and originate from the neuroectoderm, i.e., the cells of the ectoblast or epiblast that program the neuroendocrine system. Common properties across most neuroendocrine tumors include ectopic hormone production (often via APUD CELLS), the presence of tumor-associated antigens, and isozyme composition.		04.3611
Adult-Onset Still Disease
[description not available]		02.0510
Still's Disease, Adult-Onset
Systemic-onset rheumatoid arthritis in adults. It differs from classical rheumatoid arthritis in that it is more often marked by acute febrile onset, and generalized lymphadenopathy and hepatosplenomegaly are more prominent.		02.0510
Poultry Diseases
Diseases of birds which are raised as a source of meat or eggs for human consumption and are usually found in barnyards, hatcheries, etc. The concept is differentiated from BIRD DISEASES which is for diseases of birds not considered poultry and usually found in zoos, parks, and the wild.		03.97140
Salmonella Infections, Animal
Infections in animals with bacteria of the genus SALMONELLA.		02.3820
Glomerular Necrosis
[description not available]		02.3820
Alcoholic Cirrhosis
[description not available]		04.3980
Hepatic Failure
[description not available]		03.6130
Liver Cirrhosis, Alcoholic
FIBROSIS of the hepatic parenchyma due to chronic excess ALCOHOL DRINKING.		04.3980
Liver Failure
Severe inability of the LIVER to perform its normal metabolic functions, as evidenced by severe JAUNDICE and abnormal serum levels of AMMONIA; BILIRUBIN; ALKALINE PHOSPHATASE; ASPARTATE AMINOTRANSFERASE; LACTATE DEHYDROGENASES; and albumin/globulin ratio. (Blakiston's Gould Medical Dictionary, 4th ed)		03.6130
Coronary Artery Stenosis
[description not available]		04.8842
Coronary Stenosis
Narrowing or constriction of a coronary artery.		04.8842
SC Disease
[description not available]		04.551
Hemoglobin SC Disease
One of the sickle cell disorders characterized by the presence of both hemoglobin S and hemoglobin C. It is similar to, but less severe than sickle cell anemia.		04.551
Coxarthrosis
[description not available]		02.4420
Osteoarthritis, Hip
Noninflammatory degenerative disease of the hip joint which usually appears in late middle or old age. It is characterized by growth or maturational disturbances in the femoral neck and head, as well as acetabular dysplasia. A dominant symptom is pain on weight-bearing or motion.		02.4420
Absence of Brain, Congenital
[description not available]		04.6360
Spina Bifida Aperta
[description not available]		02.0510
Femoral Fractures
Fractures of the femur.		02.6530
Spinal Stenosis
Narrowing of the spinal canal.		05.9431
Apolipoprotein B-100, Familial Defective
[description not available]		04.6532
Hyperlipoproteinemia Type II
A group of familial disorders characterized by elevated circulating cholesterol contained in either LOW-DENSITY LIPOPROTEINS alone or also in VERY-LOW-DENSITY LIPOPROTEINS (pre-beta lipoproteins).		04.6532
Atopic Hypersensitivity
[description not available]		02.4520
Hematoma, Subdural, Acute
Accumulation of blood in the SUBDURAL SPACE with acute onset of neurological symptoms. Symptoms may include loss of consciousness, severe HEADACHE, and deteriorating mental status.		02.0510
Diseases, Peripheral Vascular
[description not available]		06.09111
Peripheral Vascular Diseases
Pathological processes involving any one of the BLOOD VESSELS in the vasculature outside the HEART.		06.09111
Ophthalmoplegia, Progressive Supranuclear
[description not available]		02.0510
Supranuclear Palsy, Progressive
A degenerative disease of the central nervous system characterized by balance difficulties; OCULAR MOTILITY DISORDERS (supranuclear ophthalmoplegia); DYSARTHRIA; swallowing difficulties; and axial DYSTONIA. Onset is usually in the fifth decade and disease progression occurs over several years. Pathologic findings include neurofibrillary degeneration and neuronal loss in the dorsal MESENCEPHALON; SUBTHALAMIC NUCLEUS; RED NUCLEUS; pallidum; dentate nucleus; and vestibular nuclei. (From Adams et al., Principles of Neurology, 6th ed, pp1076-7)		02.0510
Microsatellite Instability
The occurrence of highly polymorphic mono- and dinucleotide MICROSATELLITE REPEATS in somatic cells. It is a form of genome instability associated with defects in DNA MISMATCH REPAIR.		02.7430
Agnogenic Myeloid Metaplasia
[description not available]		06.29270
Erythremia
[description not available]		06.89500
Polycythemia Vera
A myeloproliferative disorder of unknown etiology, characterized by abnormal proliferation of all hematopoietic bone marrow elements and an absolute increase in red cell mass and total blood volume, associated frequently with splenomegaly, leukocytosis, and thrombocythemia. Hematopoiesis is also reactive in extramedullary sites (liver and spleen). In time myelofibrosis occurs.		011.89500
Primary Myelofibrosis
A de novo myeloproliferation arising from an abnormal stem cell. It is characterized by the replacement of bone marrow by fibrous tissue, a process that is mediated by CYTOKINES arising from the abnormal clone.		06.29270
Fetal Death
Death of the developing young in utero. BIRTH of a dead FETUS is STILLBIRTH.		04.4890
Abnormalities, Drug-Induced
Congenital abnormalities caused by medicinal substances or drugs of abuse given to or taken by the mother, or to which she is inadvertently exposed during the manufacture of such substances. The concept excludes abnormalities resulting from exposure to non-medicinal chemicals in the environment.		04.76120
Gray Platelet Syndrome
A rare, inherited platelet disorder characterized by a selective deficiency in the number and contents of platelet alpha-granules. It is associated with THROMBOCYTOPENIA, enlarged platelets, and prolonged bleeding time.		04.9240
Common Variable Hypogammaglobulinemia
[description not available]		02.4220
Common Variable Immunodeficiency
Heterogeneous group of immunodeficiency syndromes characterized by hypogammaglobulinemia of most isotypes, variable B-cell defects, and the presence of recurrent bacterial infections.		02.4220
Peripheral Arterial Diseases
[description not available]		05.8542
Peripheral Arterial Disease
Lack of perfusion in the EXTREMITIES resulting from atherosclerosis. It is characterized by INTERMITTENT CLAUDICATION, and an ANKLE BRACHIAL INDEX of 0.9 or less.		05.8542
Cadaver
A dead body, usually a human body.		02.3820
Internal Popliteal Neuropathy
[description not available]		02.0510
Zollinger-Ellison Syndrome
A syndrome that is characterized by the triad of severe PEPTIC ULCER, hypersecretion of GASTRIC ACID, and GASTRIN-producing tumors of the PANCREAS or other tissue (GASTRINOMA). This syndrome may be sporadic or be associated with MULTIPLE ENDOCRINE NEOPLASIA TYPE 1.		012.05120
Chromosomal Translocation
[description not available]		02.4720
Activated Protein C Resistance
A hemostatic disorder characterized by a poor anticoagulant response to activated protein C (APC). The activated form of Factor V (Factor Va) is more slowly degraded by activated protein C. Factor V Leiden mutation (R506Q) is the most common cause of APC resistance.		02.7230
Craniofacial Pain Syndromes
[description not available]		02.3720
Postgastrectomy Syndromes
Sequelae of gastrectomy from the second week after operation on. Include recurrent or anastomotic ulcer, postprandial syndromes (DUMPING SYNDROME and late postprandial hypoglycemia), disordered bowel action, and nutritional deficiencies.		014.55861
Pus
[description not available]		02.0510
Choline Deficiency
A condition produced by a deficiency of CHOLINE in animals. Choline is known as a lipotropic agent because it has been shown to promote the transport of excess fat from the liver under certain conditions in laboratory animals. Combined deficiency of choline (included in the B vitamin complex) and all other methyl group donors causes liver cirrhosis in some animals. Unlike compounds normally considered as vitamins, choline does not serve as a cofactor in enzymatic reactions. (From Saunders Dictionary & Encyclopedia of Laboratory Medicine and Technology, 1984)		07.02220
Cholecystoduodenal Fistula
[description not available]		04.1260
Barrett Epithelium
[description not available]		02.0610
Pyrosis
[description not available]		02.0610
Barrett Esophagus
A condition with damage to the lining of the lower ESOPHAGUS resulting from chronic acid reflux (ESOPHAGITIS, REFLUX). Through the process of metaplasia, the squamous cells are replaced by a columnar epithelium with cells resembling those of the INTESTINE or the salmon-pink mucosa of the STOMACH. Barrett's columnar epithelium is a marker for severe reflux and precursor to ADENOCARCINOMA of the esophagus.		02.0610
Esophagitis
INFLAMMATION, acute or chronic, of the ESOPHAGUS caused by BACTERIA, chemicals, or TRAUMA.		02.7230
Heartburn
Substernal pain or burning sensation, usually associated with regurgitation of gastric juice into the esophagus.		02.0610
Infarct
[description not available]		02.0710
Hemorrhage, Subarachnoid
[description not available]		02.4420
Dissecting Vertebral Artery Aneurysm
[description not available]		02.9440
Aperture Syndrome, Thoracic Outlet
[description not available]		02.4320
Subarachnoid Hemorrhage
Bleeding into the intracranial or spinal SUBARACHNOID SPACE, most resulting from INTRACRANIAL ANEURYSM rupture. It can occur after traumatic injuries (SUBARACHNOID HEMORRHAGE, TRAUMATIC). Clinical features include HEADACHE; NAUSEA; VOMITING, nuchal rigidity, variable neurological deficits and reduced mental status.		02.4420
Thoracic Outlet Syndrome
A neurovascular syndrome associated with compression of the BRACHIAL PLEXUS; SUBCLAVIAN ARTERY; and SUBCLAVIAN VEIN at the superior thoracic outlet. This may result from a variety of anomalies such as a CERVICAL RIB, anomalous fascial bands, and abnormalities of the origin or insertion of the anterior or medial scalene muscles. Clinical features may include pain in the shoulder and neck region which radiates into the arm, PARESIS or PARALYSIS of brachial plexus innervated muscles, PARESTHESIA, loss of sensation, reduction of arterial pulses in the affected extremity, ISCHEMIA, and EDEMA. (Adams et al., Principles of Neurology, 6th ed, pp214-5).		02.4320
Heavy Metal Poisoning
Poisoning that results from chronic or acute ingestion, injection, inhalation, or skin absorption of HEAVY METALS. Acute and chronic exposures can cause ANEMIA; KIDNEY and LIVER damage; PULMONARY EDEMA; MEMORY LOSS and behavioral changes; bone deformities in children; and MISCARRIAGE or PREMATURE LABOR in pregnant women.		02.6430
Auricular Syndrome of Ramsay Hunt
[description not available]		04.0631
Ascariasis
Infection by nematodes of the genus ASCARIS. Ingestion of infective eggs causes diarrhea and pneumonitis. Its distribution is more prevalent in areas of poor sanitation and where human feces are used for fertilizer.		04.5960
Infantile Diarrhea
[description not available]		02.8940
Diarrhea, Infantile
DIARRHEA occurring in infants from newborn to 24-months old.		02.8940
Indigestion
[description not available]		07.37173
Dyspepsia
Impaired digestion, especially after eating.		07.37173
Lupus Erythematosus, Cutaneous, Subacute
[description not available]		02.9810
Lupus Erythematosus, Cutaneous
A form of lupus erythematosus in which the skin may be the only organ involved or in which skin involvement precedes the spread into other body systems. It has been classified into three forms - acute (= LUPUS ERYTHEMATOSUS, SYSTEMIC with skin lesions), subacute, and chronic (= LUPUS ERYTHEMATOSUS, DISCOID).		02.9810
Carotid Artery Dissection, Internal
[description not available]		02.7230
Anton Syndrome
[description not available]		02.0610
Parakeratosis
Persistence of the nuclei of the keratinocytes into the stratum corneum of the skin. This is a normal state only in the epithelium of true mucous membranes in the mouth and vagina. (Dorland, 27th ed)		02.0610
Acquired Vocal Cord Palsy
[description not available]		03.5630
Hoarseness
An unnaturally deep or rough quality of voice.		02.9810
Vocal Cord Paralysis
Congenital or acquired paralysis of one or both VOCAL CORDS. This condition is caused by defects in the CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM, the VAGUS NERVE and branches of LARYNGEAL NERVES. Common symptoms are VOICE DISORDERS including HOARSENESS or APHONIA.		03.5630
Chorea Disorders
[description not available]		02.8840
Chorea
Involuntary, forcible, rapid, jerky movements that may be subtle or become confluent, markedly altering normal patterns of movement. Hypotonia and pendular reflexes are often associated. Conditions which feature recurrent or persistent episodes of chorea as a primary manifestation of disease are referred to as CHOREATIC DISORDERS. Chorea is also a frequent manifestation of BASAL GANGLIA DISEASES.		02.8840
Cancer of Ovary
[description not available]		03.66100
Ovarian Neoplasms
Tumors or cancer of the OVARY. These neoplasms can be benign or malignant. They are classified according to the tissue of origin, such as the surface EPITHELIUM, the stromal endocrine cells, and the totipotent GERM CELLS.		03.66100
Congenital Fissure of the Abdominal Cavity
[description not available]		02.0710
Abdominal Cryptorchidism
[description not available]		02.0710
Hydronephrosis
Abnormal enlargement or swelling of a KIDNEY due to dilation of the KIDNEY CALICES and the KIDNEY PELVIS. It is often associated with obstruction of the URETER or chronic kidney diseases that prevents normal drainage of urine into the URINARY BLADDER.		02.0710
Ureteral Obstruction
Blockage in any part of the URETER causing obstruction of urine flow from the kidney to the URINARY BLADDER. The obstruction may be congenital, acquired, unilateral, bilateral, complete, partial, acute, or chronic. Depending on the degree and duration of the obstruction, clinical features vary greatly such as HYDRONEPHROSIS and obstructive nephropathy.		02.0710
Bilateral Multicystic Dysplastic Kidneys
[description not available]		02.0710
Gastroschisis
A congenital defect with major fissure in the ABDOMINAL WALL lateral to, but not at, the UMBILICUS. This results in the extrusion of VISCERA. Unlike OMPHALOCELE, herniated structures in gastroschisis are not covered by a sac or PERITONEUM.		02.0710
Amyotrophic Neuralgia
[description not available]		06.04113
Brachial Plexus Neuritis
A syndrome associated with inflammation of the BRACHIAL PLEXUS. Clinical features include severe pain in the shoulder region which may be accompanied by MUSCLE WEAKNESS and loss of sensation in the upper extremity. This condition may be associated with VIRUS DISEASES; IMMUNIZATION; SURGERY; heroin use (see HEROIN DEPENDENCE); and other conditions. The term brachial neuralgia generally refers to pain associated with brachial plexus injury. (From Adams et al., Principles of Neurology, 6th ed, pp1355-6)		06.04113
Exomphalos
[description not available]		02.6730
Hernia, Umbilical
A HERNIA due to an imperfect closure or weakness of the umbilical ring. It appears as a skin-covered protrusion at the UMBILICUS during crying, coughing, or straining. The hernia generally consists of OMENTUM or SMALL INTESTINE. The vast majority of umbilical hernias are congenital but can be acquired due to severe abdominal distention.		02.6730
Gingival Hyperplasia
Non-inflammatory enlargement of the gingivae produced by factors other than local irritation. It is characteristically due to an increase in the number of cells. (From Jablonski's Dictionary of Dentistry, 1992, p400)		02.0610
Avian Diseases
[description not available]		02.3820
Granulocytic Leukemia, Chronic, Stable Phase
[description not available]		02.0610
Osteoarthritis of Knee
[description not available]		04.3711
Osteoarthritis, Knee
Noninflammatory degenerative disease of the knee joint consisting of three large categories: conditions that block normal synchronous movement, conditions that produce abnormal pathways of motion, and conditions that cause stress concentration resulting in changes to articular cartilage. (Crenshaw, Campbell's Operative Orthopaedics, 8th ed, p2019)		04.3711
Convulsions, Grand Mal
[description not available]		02.3820
Epilepsy, Tonic-Clonic
A generalized seizure disorder characterized by recurrent major motor seizures. The initial brief tonic phase is marked by trunk flexion followed by diffuse extension of the trunk and extremities. The clonic phase features rhythmic flexor contractions of the trunk and limbs, pupillary dilation, elevations of blood pressure and pulse, urinary incontinence, and tongue biting. This is followed by a profound state of depressed consciousness (post-ictal state) which gradually improves over minutes to hours. The disorder may be cryptogenic, familial, or symptomatic (caused by an identified disease process). (From Adams et al., Principles of Neurology, 6th ed, p329)		02.3820
Community Acquired Infection
[description not available]		02.9910
Breathing Sounds
[description not available]		02.9910
Respiratory Sounds
Noises, normal and abnormal, heard on auscultation over any part of the RESPIRATORY TRACT.		02.9910
Delayed Graft Function
General dysfunction of an organ occurring immediately following its transplantation. The term most frequently refers to renal dysfunction following KIDNEY TRANSPLANTATION.		02.0710
Bacteriuria
The presence of bacteria in the urine which is normally bacteria-free. These bacteria are from the URINARY TRACT and are not contaminants of the surrounding tissues. Bacteriuria can be symptomatic or asymptomatic. Significant bacteriuria is an indicator of urinary tract infection.		02.3820
Urinary Incontinence
Involuntary loss of URINE, such as leaking of urine. It is a symptom of various underlying pathological processes. Major types of incontinence include URINARY URGE INCONTINENCE and URINARY STRESS INCONTINENCE.		03.0650
Acute Pain
Intensely discomforting, distressful, or agonizing sensation associated with trauma or disease, with well-defined location, character, and timing.		02.9910
Gastrointestinal Stromal Neoplasm
[description not available]		02.0710
Gastrointestinal Stromal Tumors
All tumors in the GASTROINTESTINAL TRACT arising from mesenchymal cells (MESODERM) except those of smooth muscle cells (LEIOMYOMA) or Schwann cells (SCHWANNOMA).		02.0710
Anemia, Hypochromic
Anemia characterized by a decrease in the ratio of the weight of hemoglobin to the volume of the erythrocyte, i.e., the mean corpuscular hemoglobin concentration is less than normal. The individual cells contain less hemoglobin than they could have under optimal conditions. Hypochromic anemia may be caused by iron deficiency from a low iron intake, diminished iron absorption, or excessive iron loss. It can also be caused by infections or other diseases, therapeutic drugs, lead poisoning, and other conditions. (Stedman, 25th ed; from Miale, Laboratory Medicine: Hematology, 6th ed, p393)		016.327710
Arnold-Chiari Deformity
[description not available]		02.0710
Nasal Bleeding
[description not available]		02.3820
Epistaxis
Bleeding from the nose.		02.3820
Algodystrophic Syndrome
[description not available]		03.5630
Reflex Sympathetic Dystrophy
A syndrome characterized by severe burning pain in an extremity accompanied by sudomotor, vasomotor, and trophic changes in bone without an associated specific nerve injury. This condition is most often precipitated by trauma to soft tissue or nerve complexes. The skin over the affected region is usually erythematous and demonstrates hypersensitivity to tactile stimuli and erythema. (Adams et al., Principles of Neurology, 6th ed, p1360; Pain 1995 Oct;63(1):127-33)		03.5630
Chronic Liver Failure
[description not available]		02.0710
End Stage Liver Disease
Final stage of a liver disease when the liver failure is irreversible and LIVER TRANSPLANTATION is needed.		02.0710
Bacterial Infections, Gram-Negative
[description not available]		02.0710
Bacterial Infections, Gram-Positive
[description not available]		02.0710
Bacteremia
The presence of viable bacteria circulating in the blood. Fever, chills, tachycardia, and tachypnea are common acute manifestations of bacteremia. The majority of cases are seen in already hospitalized patients, most of whom have underlying diseases or procedures which render their bloodstreams susceptible to invasion.		02.0710
Gram-Negative Bacterial Infections
Infections caused by bacteria that show up as pink (negative) when treated by the gram-staining method.		02.0710
Gram-Positive Bacterial Infections
Infections caused by bacteria that retain the crystal violet stain (positive) when treated by the gram-staining method.		02.0710
American Trypanosomiasis
[description not available]		02.0710
Chagas Disease
Infection with the protozoan parasite TRYPANOSOMA CRUZI, a form of TRYPANOSOMIASIS endemic in Central and South America. It is named after the Brazilian physician Carlos Chagas, who discovered the parasite. Infection by the parasite (positive serologic result only) is distinguished from the clinical manifestations that develop years later, such as destruction of PARASYMPATHETIC GANGLIA; CHAGAS CARDIOMYOPATHY; and dysfunction of the ESOPHAGUS or COLON.		02.0710
Chronic Hepatitis
[description not available]		011.7891
Hepatitis, Chronic
INFLAMMATION of the LIVER with ongoing hepatocellular injury for 6 months or more, characterized by NECROSIS of HEPATOCYTES and inflammatory cell (LEUKOCYTES) infiltration. Chronic hepatitis can be caused by viruses, medications, autoimmune diseases, and other unknown factors.		06.7891
Convulsive Generalized Seizure Disorder
[description not available]		02.0710
Diphyllobothriasis
Infection with tapeworms of the genus Diphyllobothrium.		06.15180
Lung Injury, Acute
[description not available]		02.0810
Acute Lung Injury
A condition of lung damage that is characterized by bilateral pulmonary infiltrates (PULMONARY EDEMA) rich in NEUTROPHILS, and in the absence of clinical HEART FAILURE. This can represent a spectrum of pulmonary lesions, endothelial and epithelial, due to numerous factors (physical, chemical, or biological).		02.0810
Appetite Disorders
[description not available]		08.17352
Feeding and Eating Disorders
A group of disorders characterized by physiological and psychological disturbances in appetite or food intake.		08.17352
Rubeola
[description not available]		02.0810
Measles
A highly contagious infectious disease caused by MORBILLIVIRUS, common among children but also seen in the nonimmune of any age, in which the virus enters the respiratory tract via droplet nuclei and multiplies in the epithelial cells, spreading throughout the MONONUCLEAR PHAGOCYTE SYSTEM.		02.0810
Eulenburg Disease
[description not available]		02.0810
Congenital Myotonic Dystrophy
[description not available]		02.3620
Myotonic Dystrophy
Neuromuscular disorder characterized by PROGRESSIVE MUSCULAR ATROPHY; MYOTONIA, and various multisystem atrophies. Mild INTELLECTUAL DISABILITY may also occur. Abnormal TRINUCLEOTIDE REPEAT EXPANSION in the 3' UNTRANSLATED REGIONS of DMPK PROTEIN gene is associated with Myotonic Dystrophy 1. DNA REPEAT EXPANSION of zinc finger protein-9 gene intron is associated with Myotonic Dystrophy 2.		02.3620
Myotonic Disorders
Diseases characterized by MYOTONIA, which may be inherited or acquired. Myotonia may be restricted to certain muscles (e.g., intrinsic hand muscles) or occur as a generalized condition.		02.0810
Infectious Diseases
[description not available]		04.4690
Communicable Diseases
An illness caused by an infectious agent or its toxins that occurs through the direct or indirect transmission of the infectious agent or its products from an infected individual or via an animal, vector or the inanimate environment to a susceptible animal or human host.		04.4690
Atheroma
[description not available]		02.9910
Central Nervous System Cysticercosis
[description not available]		02.0810
Neurocysticercosis
Infection of the brain, spinal cord, or perimeningeal structures with the larval forms of the genus TAENIA (primarily T. solium in humans). Lesions formed by the organism are referred to as cysticerci. The infection may be subacute or chronic, and the severity of symptoms depends on the severity of the host immune response and the location and number of lesions. SEIZURES represent the most common clinical manifestation although focal neurologic deficits may occur. (From Joynt, Clinical Neurology, 1998, Ch27, pp46-50)		02.0810
Hemoglobinopathies
A group of inherited disorders characterized by structural alterations within the hemoglobin molecule.		04.4450
Back Ache
[description not available]		03.9130
Back Pain
Acute or chronic pain located in the posterior regions of the THORAX; LUMBOSACRAL REGION; or the adjacent regions.		03.9130
Luft Disease
[description not available]		02.0810
Lipid Metabolism, Inborn Error
[description not available]		03.7940
Opportunistic Infections
An infection caused by an organism which becomes pathogenic under certain conditions, e.g., during immunosuppression.		02.0810
P carinii Pneumonia
[description not available]		02.0810
Pigmentary Retinopathy
[description not available]		02.8740
Pneumonia, Pneumocystis
A pulmonary disease in humans occurring in immunodeficient or malnourished patients or infants, characterized by DYSPNEA, tachypnea, and HYPOXEMIA. Pneumocystis pneumonia is a frequently seen opportunistic infection in AIDS. It is caused by the fungus PNEUMOCYSTIS JIROVECII. The disease is also found in other MAMMALS where it is caused by related species of Pneumocystis.		02.0810
Retinitis Pigmentosa
Hereditary, progressive degeneration of the retina due to death of ROD PHOTORECEPTORS initially and subsequent death of CONE PHOTORECEPTORS. It is characterized by deposition of pigment in the retina.		02.8740
Rhabdomyolysis
Necrosis or disintegration of skeletal muscle often followed by myoglobinuria.		02.0810
Mitochondrial Myopathies
A group of muscle diseases associated with abnormal mitochondria function.		02.0810
Brain Hemorrhage, Cerebral
[description not available]		04.6161
Cerebral Hemorrhage
Bleeding into one or both CEREBRAL HEMISPHERES including the BASAL GANGLIA and the CEREBRAL CORTEX. It is often associated with HYPERTENSION and CRANIOCEREBRAL TRAUMA.		04.6161
Lymphocytosis
Excess of normal lymphocytes in the blood or in any effusion.		03.2920
Cancer of Spleen
[description not available]		03.5730
Intussusception
A form of intestinal obstruction caused by the PROLAPSE of a part of the intestine into the adjoining intestinal lumen. There are four types: colic, involving segments of the LARGE INTESTINE; enteric, involving only the SMALL INTESTINE; ileocecal, in which the ILEOCECAL VALVE prolapses into the CECUM, drawing the ILEUM along with it; and ileocolic, in which the ileum prolapses through the ileocecal valve into the COLON.		02.3720
Ileal Diseases
Pathological development in the ILEUM including the ILEOCECAL VALVE.		05.93140
Buerger Disease
[description not available]		02.6630
Bowel Incontinence
[description not available]		02.420
Fecal Incontinence
Failure of voluntary control of the anal sphincters, with involuntary passage of feces and flatus.		02.420
Anuria
Absence of urine formation. It is usually associated with complete bilateral ureteral (URETER) obstruction, complete lower urinary tract obstruction, or unilateral ureteral obstruction when a solitary kidney is present.		02.3720
Infections, Chlamydia
[description not available]		02.6330
Chlamydia Infections
Infections with bacteria of the genus CHLAMYDIA.		02.6330
Labor, Premature
[description not available]		04.4451
Adenomatous Polyps
Benign neoplasms derived from glandular epithelium. (From Stedman, 25th ed)		02.0110
Coagulation Disorders, Blood
[description not available]		05.1941
Blood Coagulation Disorders
Hemorrhagic and thrombotic disorders that occur as a consequence of abnormalities in blood coagulation due to a variety of factors such as COAGULATION PROTEIN DISORDERS; BLOOD PLATELET DISORDERS; BLOOD PROTEIN DISORDERS or nutritional conditions.		05.1941
Ovine Diseases
[description not available]		08.43513
Cancer of the Uterus
[description not available]		05.13111
Uterine Neoplasms
Tumors or cancer of the UTERUS.		05.13111
Breast Diseases
Pathological processes of the BREAST.		02.0110
Mast Cell Activation Disease
[description not available]		02.0110
Endomyocardial Fibrosis
A condition characterized by the thickening of the ventricular ENDOCARDIUM and subendocardium (MYOCARDIUM), seen mostly in children and young adults in the TROPICAL CLIMATE. The fibrous tissue extends from the apex toward and often involves the HEART VALVES causing restrictive blood flow into the respective ventricles (CARDIOMYOPATHY, RESTRICTIVE).		02.0110
Mastocytosis
A rare neoplastic disorder characterized by a clonal proliferation of MAST CELLS, associated with KIT-D816 mutations, and accompanied by aberrant mast cell activation. The abnormal increase of MAST CELLS may occur in only the skin (MASTOCYTOSIS, CUTANEOUS), in extracutaneous tissues involving multiple organs (MASTOCYTOSIS, SYSTEMIC), or in solid tumors (MASTOCYTOMA).		02.0110
Alcohol-Induced Peripheral Neuropathy
[description not available]		03.7940
Psoriasis Arthropathica
[description not available]		02.4120
Arthritis, Psoriatic
A type of inflammatory arthritis associated with PSORIASIS, often involving the axial joints and the peripheral terminal interphalangeal joints. It is characterized by the presence of HLA-B27-associated SPONDYLARTHROPATHY, and the absence of rheumatoid factor.		02.4120
Forestier-Certonciny Syndrome
[description not available]		03.5730
Aortic Arteritis, Giant Cell
[description not available]		02.0110
Polymyalgia Rheumatica
A syndrome in the elderly characterized by proximal joint and muscle pain, high erythrocyte sedimentation rate, and a self-limiting course. Pain is usually accompanied by evidence of an inflammatory reaction. Women are affected twice as commonly as men and Caucasians more frequently than other groups. The condition is frequently associated with GIANT CELL ARTERITIS and some theories pose the possibility that the two diseases arise from a single etiology or even that they are the same entity.		03.5730
Giant Cell Arteritis
A systemic autoimmune disorder that typically affects medium and large ARTERIES, usually leading to occlusive granulomatous vasculitis with transmural infiltrate containing multinucleated GIANT CELLS. The TEMPORAL ARTERY is commonly involved. This disorder appears primarily in people over the age of 50. Symptoms include FEVER; FATIGUE; HEADACHE; visual impairment; pain in the jaw and tongue; and aggravation of pain by cold temperatures. (From Adams et al., Principles of Neurology, 6th ed)		02.0110
Coronary Restenosis
Recurrent narrowing or constriction of a coronary artery following surgical procedures performed to alleviate a prior obstruction.		07.02113
Inappropriate GH Secretion Syndrome (Acromegaly)
[description not available]		02.3920
Acromegaly
A condition caused by prolonged exposure to excessive HUMAN GROWTH HORMONE in adults. It is characterized by bony enlargement of the FACE; lower jaw (PROGNATHISM); hands; FEET; HEAD; and THORAX. The most common etiology is a GROWTH HORMONE-SECRETING PITUITARY ADENOMA. (From Joynt, Clinical Neurology, 1992, Ch36, pp79-80)		02.3920
Caries, Dental
[description not available]		02.3720
Dental Caries
Localized destruction of the tooth surface initiated by decalcification of the enamel followed by enzymatic lysis of organic structures and leading to cavity formation. If left unchecked, the cavity may penetrate the enamel and dentin and reach the pulp.		02.3720
Fibroma, Shope
[description not available]		03.1150
Anterior Cervical Pain
[description not available]		02.0110
Urination Disorders
Abnormalities in the process of URINE voiding, including bladder control, frequency of URINATION, as well as the volume and composition of URINE.		04.2641
Neck Pain
Discomfort or more intense forms of pain that are localized to the cervical region. This term generally refers to pain in the posterior or lateral regions of the neck.		02.0110
Alobar Holoprosencephaly
[description not available]		02.9310
Dermatitis Seborrheica
[description not available]		03.3270
Dermatitis, Seborrheic
A chronic inflammatory disease of the skin with unknown etiology. It is characterized by moderate ERYTHEMA, dry, moist, or greasy (SEBACEOUS GLAND) scaling and yellow crusted patches on various areas, especially the scalp, that exfoliate as dandruff. Seborrheic dermatitis is common in children and adolescents with HIV INFECTIONS.		03.3270
Carbon Tetrachloride Poisoning
Poisoning that results from ingestion, injection, inhalation, or skin absorption of CARBON TETRACHLORIDE.		04.71310
Deficiency, Factor II
[description not available]		03.5530
Sprains
[description not available]		03.0350
Sprains and Strains
A collective term for muscle and ligament injuries without dislocation or fracture. A sprain is a joint injury in which some of the fibers of a supporting ligament are ruptured but the continuity of the ligament remains intact. A strain is an overstretching or overexertion of some part of the musculature.		03.0350
Iron Metabolism Disorders
Disorders in the processing of iron in the body: its absorption, transport, storage, and utilization. (From Mosby's Medical, Nursing, & Allied Health Dictionary, 4th ed)		02.6230
Neuritis
A general term indicating inflammation of a peripheral or cranial nerve. Clinical manifestation may include PAIN; PARESTHESIAS; PARESIS; or HYPESTHESIA.		07.2542
Headache, Tension
[description not available]		01.9310
Tension-Type Headache
A common primary headache disorder, characterized by a dull, non-pulsatile, diffuse, band-like (or vice-like) PAIN of mild to moderate intensity in the HEAD; SCALP; or NECK. The subtypes are classified by frequency and severity of symptoms. There is no clear cause even though it has been associated with MUSCLE CONTRACTION and stress. (International Classification of Headache Disorders, 2nd ed. Cephalalgia 2004: suppl 1)		01.9310
Autosomal Hemophilia A
[description not available]		05.26130
Hemophilia A
The classic hemophilia resulting from a deficiency of factor VIII. It is an inherited disorder of blood coagulation characterized by a permanent tendency to hemorrhage.		05.26130
Porphyria
[description not available]		03.88130
Porphyrias
A diverse group of metabolic diseases characterized by errors in the biosynthetic pathway of HEME in the LIVER, the BONE MARROW, or both. They are classified by the deficiency of specific enzymes, the tissue site of enzyme defect, or the clinical features that include neurological (acute) or cutaneous (skin lesions). Porphyrias can be hereditary or acquired as a result of toxicity to the hepatic or erythropoietic marrow tissues.		03.88130
Endometrial Diseases
[description not available]		02.8640
Uterine Diseases
Pathological processes involving any part of the UTERUS.		02.8640
Infectious Myelitis
[description not available]		03.95140
Granulocytic Leukemia, Chronic
[description not available]		05.46260
Leukemia, Myelogenous, Chronic, BCR-ABL Positive
Clonal hematopoetic disorder caused by an acquired genetic defect in PLURIPOTENT STEM CELLS. It starts in MYELOID CELLS of the bone marrow, invades the blood and then other organs. The condition progresses from a stable, more indolent, chronic phase (LEUKEMIA, MYELOID, CHRONIC PHASE) lasting up to 7 years, to an advanced phase composed of an accelerated phase (LEUKEMIA, MYELOID, ACCELERATED PHASE) and BLAST CRISIS.		05.46260
Eclampsia
Onset of HYPERREFLEXIA; SEIZURES; or COMA in a previously diagnosed pre-eclamptic patient (PRE-ECLAMPSIA).		02.3320
Hemorrhagic Diathesis
[description not available]		05.35100
Hemorrhagic Disorders
Spontaneous or near spontaneous bleeding caused by a defect in clotting mechanisms (BLOOD COAGULATION DISORDERS) or another abnormality causing a structural flaw in the blood vessels (HEMOSTATIC DISORDERS).		05.35100
Encephalitis, Polio
[description not available]		03.72110
Viral Diseases
[description not available]		04.2570
Acute Disseminated Encephalomyelitis
[description not available]		02.6230
Poliomyelitis
An acute infectious disease of humans, particularly children, caused by any of three serotypes of human poliovirus (POLIOVIRUS). Usually the infection is limited to the gastrointestinal tract and nasopharynx, and is often asymptomatic. The central nervous system, primarily the spinal cord, may be affected, leading to rapidly progressive paralysis, coarse FASCICULATION and hyporeflexia. Motor neurons are primarily affected. Encephalitis may also occur. The virus replicates in the nervous system, and may cause significant neuronal loss, most notably in the spinal cord. A rare related condition, nonpoliovirus poliomyelitis, may result from infections with nonpoliovirus enteroviruses. (From Adams et al., Principles of Neurology, 6th ed, pp764-5)		03.72110
Virus Diseases
A general term for diseases caused by viruses.		04.2570
B Virus Infection
[description not available]		03.0450
Complement Deficiencies
[description not available]		02.8440
Antibody Deficiency Syndrome
[description not available]		05.47160
Immunologic Deficiency Syndromes
Syndromes in which there is a deficiency or defect in the mechanisms of immunity, either cellular or humoral.		05.47160
Circulatory Collapse
[description not available]		02.6330
Shock
A pathological condition manifested by failure to perfuse or oxygenate vital organs.		02.6330
Muscular Dystrophy
[description not available]		02.8540
Muscular Dystrophies
A heterogeneous group of inherited MYOPATHIES, characterized by wasting and weakness of the SKELETAL MUSCLE. They are categorized by the sites of MUSCLE WEAKNESS; AGE OF ONSET; and INHERITANCE PATTERNS.		02.8540
Adhesive Capsulitis
[description not available]		02.6230
Bursitis
Inflammation or irritation of a SYNOVIAL BURSA, the fibrous sac that acts as a cushion between moving structures of bones, muscles, tendons or skin.		02.6230
Bertielliasis
[description not available]		05.33230
Infections, Taenia
[description not available]		02.3620
Taeniasis
Infection with tapeworms of the genus Taenia.		02.3620
Arthropathies
[description not available]		07.11264
Joint Diseases
Diseases involving the JOINTS.		07.11264
Brain Inflammation
[description not available]		02.8540
Encephalitis
Inflammation of the BRAIN due to infection, autoimmune processes, toxins, and other conditions. Viral infections (see ENCEPHALITIS, VIRAL) are a relatively frequent cause of this condition.		02.8540
Lupus Erythematosus, Chronic Cutaneous
[description not available]		01.9310
Lupus Erythematosus, Discoid
A chronic form of cutaneous lupus erythematosus (LUPUS ERYTHEMATOSUS, CUTANEOUS) in which the skin lesions mimic those of the systemic form but in which systemic signs are rare. It is characterized by the presence of discoid skin plaques showing varying degrees of edema, erythema, scaliness, follicular plugging, and skin atrophy. Lesions are surrounded by an elevated erythematous border. The condition typically involves the face and scalp, but widespread dissemination may occur.		01.9310
Penile Diseases
Pathological processes involving the PENIS or its component tissues.		01.9310
Contact Dermatitis
[description not available]		03.0450
Dermatitis, Contact
A type of acute or chronic skin reaction in which sensitivity is manifested by reactivity to materials or substances coming in contact with the skin. It may involve allergic or non-allergic mechanisms.		03.0450
Tendinitis
Inflammation of TENDONS. It is characterized by the degeneration of tendons accompanied by an inflammatory repair response, fibroblastic proliferation, and formation of granulation tissue. Tendinitis is not a clinical diagnosis and can be confirmed only by histopathological findings.		01.9310
Polyarthritis
[description not available]		05.34230
Arthritis
Acute or chronic inflammation of JOINTS.		05.34230
Tendinopathy
Clinical syndrome describing overuse tendon injuries characterized by a combination of PAIN, diffuse or localized swelling, and impaired performance.		01.9310
Disorders, Sex Chromosome
[description not available]		01.9310
Spinal Diseases
Diseases involving the SPINE.		06.77243
Erythroblastosis Fetalis
[description not available]		03.9550
Alcaptonuria
[description not available]		01.9310
Alkaptonuria
An inborn error of amino acid metabolism resulting from a defect in the enzyme HOMOGENTISATE 1,2-DIOXYGENASE, an enzyme involved in the breakdown of PHENYLALANINE and TYROSINE. It is characterized by accumulation of HOMOGENTISIC ACID in the urine, OCHRONOSIS in various tissues, and ARTHRITIS.		01.9310
Rheumatism
[description not available]		07.48384
Rheumatic Diseases
Disorders of connective tissue, especially the joints and related structures, characterized by inflammation, degeneration, or metabolic derangement.		07.48384
Abnormalities, Jaw
[description not available]		01.9310
Urinary Tract Diseases
[description not available]		04.2541
Lead Poisoning, Nervous System
Injury to the nervous system secondary to exposure to lead compounds. Two distinct clinical patterns occur in children (LEAD POISONING, NERVOUS SYSTEM, CHILDHOOD) and adults (LEAD POISONING, NERVOUS SYSTEM, ADULT). In children, lead poisoning typically produces an encephalopathy. In adults, exposure to toxic levels of lead is associated with a peripheral neuropathy.		01.9310
Distorted Hearing
[description not available]		05.4961
Intermittent Claudication
A symptom complex characterized by pain and weakness in SKELETAL MUSCLE group associated with exercise, such as leg pain and weakness brought on by walking. Such muscle limpness disappears after a brief rest and is often relates to arterial STENOSIS; muscle ISCHEMIA; and accumulation of LACTATE.		04.0431
Adrenal Cortex Diseases
Pathological processes of the ADRENAL CORTEX.		02.3320
Hypoalbuminemia
A condition in which albumin level in blood (SERUM ALBUMIN) is below the normal range. Hypoalbuminemia may be due to decreased hepatic albumin synthesis, increased albumin catabolism, altered albumin distribution, or albumin loss through the urine (ALBUMINURIA).		01.9310
Psychoses, Alcoholic
A group of mental disorders associated with organic brain damage and caused by poisoning from alcohol.		04.56100
Intra-Abdominal Infections
[description not available]		02.3320
Hepatitis, Infectious
[description not available]		08.33741
Hepatitis
INFLAMMATION of the LIVER.		010.571004
Hepatitis A
INFLAMMATION of the LIVER in humans caused by a member of the HEPATOVIRUS genus, HUMAN HEPATITIS A VIRUS. It can be transmitted through fecal contamination of food or water.		013.33741
Intraabdominal Infections
Infection within the PERITONEAL CAVITY. A frequent cause is an ANASTOMOTIC LEAK following surgery.		02.3320
Corynebacterium diphtheriae Infection
[description not available]		03.0350
Diphtheria
A localized infection of mucous membranes or skin caused by toxigenic strains of CORYNEBACTERIUM DIPHTHERIAE. It is characterized by the presence of a pseudomembrane at the site of infection. DIPHTHERIA TOXIN, produced by C. diphtheriae, can cause myocarditis, polyneuritis, and other systemic toxic effects.		03.0350
Musculoskeletal Pain
Discomfort stemming from muscles, LIGAMENTS, tendons, and bones.		01.9310
Abnormalities, Digestive System
[description not available]		01.9310
Steatorrhea
A condition that is characterized by chronic fatty DIARRHEA, a result of abnormal DIGESTION and/or INTESTINAL ABSORPTION of FATS.		08.88130
Phantom Limb
Perception of painful and nonpainful phantom sensations that occur following the complete or partial loss of a limb. The majority of individuals with an amputated extremity will experience the impression that the limb is still present, and in many cases, painful. (From Neurol Clin 1998 Nov;16(4):919-36; Brain 1998 Sep;121(Pt 9):1603-30)		02.6330
Diseases of Immune System
[description not available]		03.7740
Immune System Diseases
Disorders caused by abnormal or absent immunologic mechanisms, whether humoral, cell-mediated, or both.		03.7740
Constriction, Pathological
[description not available]		01.9310
Constriction, Pathologic
The condition of an anatomical structure's being constricted beyond normal dimensions.		01.9310
Jaundice, Cholestatic
[description not available]		02.8540
Jaundice, Obstructive
Jaundice, the condition with yellowish staining of the skin and mucous membranes, that is due to impaired BILE flow in the BILIARY TRACT, such as INTRAHEPATIC CHOLESTASIS, or EXTRAHEPATIC CHOLESTASIS.		02.8540
Lipidoses
Conditions characterized by abnormal lipid deposition due to disturbance in lipid metabolism, such as hereditary diseases involving lysosomal enzymes required for lipid breakdown. They are classified either by the enzyme defect or by the type of lipid involved.		04.7170
Palsy
[description not available]		03.96140
Paralysis
A general term most often used to describe severe or complete loss of muscle strength due to motor system disease from the level of the cerebral cortex to the muscle fiber. This term may also occasionally refer to a loss of sensory function. (From Adams et al., Principles of Neurology, 6th ed, p45)		03.96140
Mycosis Fungoides
A chronic, malignant T-cell lymphoma of the skin. In the late stages, the LYMPH NODES and viscera are affected.		02.3320
Blood Coagulation Disorders, Inherited
Hemorrhagic and thrombotic disorders that occur as a consequence of inherited abnormalities in blood coagulation.		03.0450
Collagen Diseases
Historically, a heterogeneous group of acute and chronic diseases, including rheumatoid arthritis, systemic lupus erythematosus, progressive systemic sclerosis, dermatomyositis, etc. This classification was based on the notion that collagen was equivalent to connective tissue, but with the present recognition of the different types of collagen and the aggregates derived from them as distinct entities, the term collagen diseases now pertains exclusively to those inherited conditions in which the primary defect is at the gene level and affects collagen biosynthesis, post-translational modification, or extracellular processing directly. (From Cecil Textbook of Medicine, 19th ed, p1494)		04.160
Dystocia
Slow or difficult OBSTETRIC LABOR or CHILDBIRTH.		01.9310
Diseases of Endocrine System
[description not available]		03.7740
Endocrine System Diseases
Pathological processes of the ENDOCRINE GLANDS, and diseases resulting from abnormal level of available HORMONES.		03.7740
Collodion Baby Syndrome
[description not available]		02.3420
Xeroderma
[description not available]		02.6330
Ichthyosis
Any of several generalized skin disorders characterized by dryness, roughness, and scaliness, due to hypertrophy of the stratum corneum epidermis. Most are genetic, but some are acquired, developing in association with other systemic disease or genetic syndrome.		02.6330
Ichthyosis, Lamellar
A chronic, congenital ichthyosis inherited as an autosomal recessive trait. Infants are usually born encased in a collodion membrane which sheds within a few weeks. Scaling is generalized and marked with grayish-brown quadrilateral scales, adherent at their centers and free at the edges. In some cases, scales are so thick that they resemble armored plate.		02.3420
Locomotor Ataxia
[description not available]		02.3420
Erythrocytosis
[description not available]		06.86310
Myxedema
A condition characterized by a dry, waxy type of swelling (EDEMA) with abnormal deposits of MUCOPOLYSACCHARIDES in the SKIN and other tissues. It is caused by a deficiency of THYROID HORMONES. The skin becomes puffy around the eyes and on the cheeks. The face is dull and expressionless with thickened nose and lips.		03.81120
Thyrotoxicosis
A hypermetabolic syndrome caused by excess THYROID HORMONES which may come from endogenous or exogenous sources. The endogenous source of hormone may be thyroid HYPERPLASIA; THYROID NEOPLASMS; or hormone-producing extrathyroidal tissue. Thyrotoxicosis is characterized by NERVOUSNESS; TACHYCARDIA; FATIGUE; WEIGHT LOSS; heat intolerance; and excessive SWEATING.		03.3370
Scarlet Fever
Infection with group A streptococci that is characterized by tonsillitis and pharyngitis. An erythematous rash is commonly present.		01.9310
Diverticula
[description not available]		06.37260
Starvation
Lengthy and continuous deprivation of food. (Stedman, 25th ed)		03.64100
Congenital Ichthyosiform Erythroderma
[description not available]		01.9310
Corneal Diseases
Diseases of the cornea.		01.9310
Lower Extremity Weakness, Spastic
[description not available]		02.3620
Bile Duct Diseases
Diseases in any part of the ductal system of the BILIARY TRACT from the smallest BILE CANALICULI to the largest COMMON BILE DUCT.		01.9310
Experimental Leukemia
[description not available]		04.25190
Enteric Fever
[description not available]		02.3420
Typhoid Fever
An acute systemic febrile infection caused by SALMONELLA TYPHI, a serotype of SALMONELLA ENTERICA.		02.3420
Curling Ulcer
Acute stress DUODENAL ULCER, usually observed in patients with extensive third-degree burns.		08.39442
Duodenal Ulcer
A PEPTIC ULCER located in the DUODENUM.		08.39442
Cerebral Pseudosclerosis
[description not available]		03.0450
Hepatolenticular Degeneration
A rare autosomal recessive disease characterized by the deposition of copper in the BRAIN; LIVER; CORNEA; and other organs. It is caused by defects in the ATP7B gene encoding copper-transporting ATPase 2 (EC 3.6.3.4), also known as the Wilson disease protein. The overload of copper inevitably leads to progressive liver and neurological dysfunction such as LIVER CIRRHOSIS; TREMOR; ATAXIA and intellectual deterioration. Hepatic dysfunction may precede neurologic dysfunction by several years.		03.0450
Herpes Simplex Virus Infection
[description not available]		01.9310
Herpes Simplex
A group of acute infections caused by herpes simplex virus type 1 or type 2 that is characterized by the development of one or more small fluid-filled vesicles with a raised erythematous base on the skin or mucous membrane. It occurs as a primary infection or recurs due to a reactivation of a latent infection. (Dorland, 27th ed.)		01.9310
Experimental Radiation Injuries
[description not available]		04.34210
Autosomal Chromosome Disorders
[description not available]		04.87140
Polyradiculitis
[description not available]		04.4690
Polyradiculopathy
Disease or injury involving multiple SPINAL NERVE ROOTS. Polyradiculitis refers to inflammation of multiple spinal nerve roots.		04.4690
Focal Neurologic Deficits
[description not available]		06.78350
Dermatitis, Contact, Phototoxic
[description not available]		01.9310
Actinic Reticuloid Syndrome
[description not available]		02.3520
Sunburn
An injury to the skin causing erythema, tenderness, and sometimes blistering and resulting from excessive exposure to the sun. The reaction is produced by the ultraviolet radiation in sunlight.		01.9310
Kwashiorkor
A syndrome produced by severe protein deficiency, characterized by retarded growth, changes in skin and hair pigment, edema, and pathologic changes in the liver, including fatty infiltration, necrosis, and fibrosis. The word is a local name in Gold Coast, Africa, meaning displaced child. Although first reported from Africa, kwashiorkor is now known throughout the world, but mainly in the tropics and subtropics. It is considered to be related to marasmus. (From Dorland, 27th ed)		05.21200
Toxemia
A condition produced by the presence of toxins or other harmful substances in the BLOOD.		02.3420
Chicken Pox
[description not available]		02.3420
Chickenpox
A highly contagious infectious disease caused by the varicella-zoster virus (HERPESVIRUS 3, HUMAN). It usually affects children, is spread by direct contact or respiratory route via droplet nuclei, and is characterized by the appearance on the skin and mucous membranes of successive crops of typical pruritic vesicular lesions that are easily broken and become scabbed. Chickenpox is relatively benign in children, but may be complicated by pneumonia and encephalitis in adults. (From Dorland, 27th ed)		02.3420
Digestive System Disorders
[description not available]		03.5630
Digestive System Diseases
Diseases in any part of the GASTROINTESTINAL TRACT or the accessory organs (LIVER; BILIARY TRACT; PANCREAS).		03.5630
Retinal Pigment Epithelial Detachment
[description not available]		02.6430
Retinal Detachment
Separation of the inner layers of the retina (neural retina) from the pigment epithelium. Retinal detachment occurs more commonly in men than in women, in eyes with degenerative myopia, in aging and in aphakia. It may occur after an uncomplicated cataract extraction, but it is seen more often if vitreous humor has been lost during surgery. (Dorland, 27th ed; Newell, Ophthalmology: Principles and Concepts, 7th ed, p310-12).		02.6430
Hypogalactia
A condition of less than normal MILK secretion.		02.3420
Gastric Fistula
Abnormal passage communicating with the STOMACH.		02.3420
Di Guglielmo Disease
[description not available]		04.14170
Leukemia, Erythroblastic, Acute
A myeloproliferative disorder characterized by neoplastic proliferation of erythroblastic and myeloblastic elements with atypical erythroblasts and myeloblasts in the peripheral blood.		04.14170
Idiopathic Hypoparathyroidism
A condition of low or absent PTH level and HYPOCALCEMIA. It usually occurs as part of an autoimmune syndrome.		07.8640
Hypoparathyroidism
A condition caused by a deficiency of PARATHYROID HORMONE (or PTH). It is characterized by HYPOCALCEMIA and hyperphosphatemia. Hypocalcemia leads to TETANY. The acquired form is due to removal or injuries to the PARATHYROID GLANDS. The congenital form is due to mutations of genes, such as TBX1; (see DIGEORGE SYNDROME); CASR encoding CALCIUM-SENSING RECEPTOR; or PTH encoding parathyroid hormone.		07.8640
Malignant Hypertension
[description not available]		01.9310
Kidney, Polycystic
[description not available]		01.9310
Necrotizing Pyelonephritis
[description not available]		03.4580
Hypertension, Malignant
A condition of markedly elevated BLOOD PRESSURE with DIASTOLIC PRESSURE usually greater than 120 mm Hg. Malignant hypertension is characterized by widespread vascular damage, PAPILLEDEMA, retinopathy, HYPERTENSIVE ENCEPHALOPATHY, and renal dysfunction.		01.9310
Polycystic Kidney Diseases
Hereditary diseases that are characterized by the progressive expansion of a large number of tightly packed CYSTS within the KIDNEYS. They include diseases with autosomal dominant and autosomal recessive inheritance.		01.9310
Nephrocalcinosis
A condition characterized by calcification of the renal tissue itself. It is usually seen in distal RENAL TUBULAR ACIDOSIS with calcium deposition in the DISTAL KIDNEY TUBULES and the surrounding interstitium. Nephrocalcinosis causes RENAL INSUFFICIENCY.		02.6330
Pyelonephritis
Inflammation of the KIDNEY involving the renal parenchyma (the NEPHRONS); KIDNEY PELVIS; and KIDNEY CALICES. It is characterized by ABDOMINAL PAIN; FEVER; NAUSEA; VOMITING; and occasionally DIARRHEA.		03.4580
Avian Sarcoma
[description not available]		02.3420
Pleuropericarditis
Inflammation of both the PERICARDIUM and the PLEURA.		01.9310
Pericarditis
Inflammation of the PERICARDIUM from various origins, such as infection, neoplasm, autoimmune process, injuries, or drug-induced. Pericarditis usually leads to PERICARDIAL EFFUSION, or CONSTRICTIVE PERICARDITIS.		01.9310
Leukemia, Lymphocytic
[description not available]		06.07301
B-Cell Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia
[description not available]		02.3720
Leukemia, Lymphoid
Leukemia associated with HYPERPLASIA of the lymphoid tissues and increased numbers of circulating malignant LYMPHOCYTES and lymphoblasts.		06.07301
Leukemia, Lymphocytic, Chronic, B-Cell
A chronic leukemia characterized by abnormal B-lymphocytes and often generalized lymphadenopathy. In patients presenting predominately with blood and bone marrow involvement it is called chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL); in those predominately with enlarged lymph nodes it is called small lymphocytic lymphoma. These terms represent spectrums of the same disease.		02.3720
Cancer of the Tongue
[description not available]		01.9310
Maxillary Neoplasms
Cancer or tumors of the MAXILLA or upper jaw.		02.3420
Cancer of Nose
[description not available]		01.9310
Tongue Neoplasms
Tumors or cancer of the TONGUE.		01.9310
Cerebellar Dyssynergia
[description not available]		01.9310
Gastric Ulcer
[description not available]		07.39281
Stomach Ulcer
Ulceration of the GASTRIC MUCOSA due to contact with GASTRIC JUICE. It is often associated with HELICOBACTER PYLORI infection or consumption of nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDS).		07.39281
Abdominal Neoplasms
New abnormal growth of tissue in the ABDOMEN.		03.1960
Cushing's Syndrome
[description not available]		02.3420
Delayed Postpartum Hemorrhage
[description not available]		02.6330
Cushing Syndrome
A condition caused by prolonged exposure to excess levels of cortisol (HYDROCORTISONE) or other GLUCOCORTICOIDS from endogenous or exogenous sources. It is characterized by upper body OBESITY; OSTEOPOROSIS; HYPERTENSION; DIABETES MELLITUS; HIRSUTISM; AMENORRHEA; and excess body fluid. Endogenous Cushing syndrome or spontaneous hypercortisolism is divided into two groups, those due to an excess of ADRENOCORTICOTROPIN and those that are ACTH-independent.		02.3420
Postpartum Hemorrhage
Excess blood loss from uterine bleeding associated with OBSTETRIC LABOR or CHILDBIRTH. It is defined as blood loss greater than 500 ml or of the amount that adversely affects the maternal physiology, such as BLOOD PRESSURE and HEMATOCRIT. Postpartum hemorrhage is divided into two categories, immediate (within first 24 hours after birth) or delayed (after 24 hours postpartum).		02.6330
Cystine Diathesis
[description not available]		01.9310
Cystinosis
A metabolic disease characterized by the defective transport of CYSTINE across the lysosomal membrane due to mutation of a membrane protein cystinosin. This results in cystine accumulation and crystallization in the cells causing widespread tissue damage. In the KIDNEY, nephropathic cystinosis is a common cause of RENAL FANCONI SYNDROME.		01.9310
Cor Pulmonale
[description not available]		02.6330
Meniscitis
[description not available]		02.8540
Hypomenorrhea
[description not available]		01.9310
Premenstrual Tension
A term used to describe the psychological aspects of PREMENSTRUAL SYNDROME, such as the indescribable tension, depression, hostility, and increased seizure activity in women with seizure disorder.		03.2820
Premenstrual Syndrome
A combination of distressing physical, psychologic, or behavioral changes that occur during the luteal phase of the menstrual cycle. Symptoms of PMS are diverse (such as pain, water-retention, anxiety, cravings, and depression) and they diminish markedly 2 or 3 days after the initiation of menses.		03.2820
Ascites
Accumulation or retention of free fluid within the peritoneal cavity.		03.4480
Esophageal Diseases
Pathological processes in the ESOPHAGUS.		03.5530
Spherocytosis, Hereditary
A group of familial congenital hemolytic anemias characterized by numerous abnormally shaped erythrocytes which are generally spheroidal. The erythrocytes have increased osmotic fragility and are abnormally permeable to sodium ions.		04.1160
Cerebromeningitis
[description not available]		01.9310
Intradural-Extramedullary Spinal Cord Neoplasms
[description not available]		01.9310
Spinal Cord Neoplasms
Benign and malignant neoplasms which occur within the substance of the spinal cord (intramedullary neoplasms) or in the space between the dura and spinal cord (intradural extramedullary neoplasms). The majority of intramedullary spinal tumors are primary CNS neoplasms including ASTROCYTOMA; EPENDYMOMA; and LIPOMA. Intramedullary neoplasms are often associated with SYRINGOMYELIA. The most frequent histologic types of intradural-extramedullary tumors are MENINGIOMA and NEUROFIBROMA.		01.9310
Brain Emboli
[description not available]		02.3720
Brain Embolism and Thrombosis
[description not available]		02.3620
Cancer of Granulosa Cells
[description not available]		01.9310
Bilateral Wilms Tumor
[description not available]		01.9310
Dysembryoma
[description not available]		02.3420
Wilms Tumor
A malignant kidney tumor, caused by the uncontrolled multiplication of renal stem (blastemal), stromal (STROMAL CELLS), and epithelial (EPITHELIAL CELLS) elements. However, not all three are present in every case. Several genes or chromosomal areas have been associated with Wilms tumor which is usually found in childhood as a firm lump in a child's side or ABDOMEN.		01.9310
Teratoma
A true neoplasm composed of a number of different types of tissue, none of which is native to the area in which it occurs. It is composed of tissues that are derived from three germinal layers, the endoderm, mesoderm, and ectoderm. They are classified histologically as mature (benign) or immature (malignant). (From DeVita Jr et al., Cancer: Principles & Practice of Oncology, 3d ed, p1642)		02.3420
Infections, Orthomyxoviridae
[description not available]		01.9310
Orthomyxoviridae Infections
Virus diseases caused by the ORTHOMYXOVIRIDAE.		01.9310
Lathyrism
A paralytic condition of the legs caused by ingestion of lathyrogens, especially BETA-AMINOPROPIONITRILE or beta-N-oxalyl amino-L-alanine, which are found in the seeds of plants of the genus LATHYRUS.		03.5530
Ovoid Neutrophil Nuclei, Developmental Delay, Epilepsy and Skeletal Abnormalities
[description not available]		02.3420
Blood Protein Disorders
Hematologic diseases caused by structural or functional defects of BLOOD PROTEINS.		04.3680
Hyperplasia
An increase in the number of cells in a tissue or organ without tumor formation. It differs from HYPERTROPHY, which is an increase in bulk without an increase in the number of cells.		04.74120
Hypertrophy
General increase in bulk of a part or organ due to CELL ENLARGEMENT and accumulation of FLUIDS AND SECRETIONS, not due to tumor formation, nor to an increase in the number of cells (HYPERPLASIA).		04.2470
Infections, Staphylococcal
[description not available]		03.3270
Staphylococcal Infections
Infections with bacteria of the genus STAPHYLOCOCCUS.		03.3270
Duodenal Diseases
Pathological conditions in the DUODENUM region of the small intestine (INTESTINE, SMALL).		03.260
Coma
A profound state of unconsciousness associated with depressed cerebral activity from which the individual cannot be aroused. Coma generally occurs when there is dysfunction or injury involving both cerebral hemispheres or the brain stem RETICULAR FORMATION.		03.260
Hypothermia, Accidental
[description not available]		02.3720
Hypothermia
Lower than normal body temperature, especially in warm-blooded animals.		02.3720
Cyst
[description not available]		02.3520
Encephalopathy, Hepatic
[description not available]		03.260
Hepatic Encephalopathy
A syndrome characterized by central nervous system dysfunction in association with LIVER FAILURE, including portal-systemic shunts. Clinical features include lethargy and CONFUSION (frequently progressing to COMA); ASTERIXIS; NYSTAGMUS, PATHOLOGIC; brisk oculovestibular reflexes; decorticate and decerebrate posturing; MUSCLE SPASTICITY; and bilateral extensor plantar reflexes (see REFLEX, BABINSKI). ELECTROENCEPHALOGRAPHY may demonstrate triphasic waves. (From Adams et al., Principles of Neurology, 6th ed, pp1117-20; Plum & Posner, Diagnosis of Stupor and Coma, 3rd ed, p222-5)		03.260
Pink Eye
[description not available]		03.2620
Adenohypophyseal Hyposecretion
[description not available]		04.2470
Methemoglobinemia
The presence of methemoglobin in the blood, resulting in cyanosis. A small amount of methemoglobin is present in the blood normally, but injury or toxic agents convert a larger proportion of hemoglobin into methemoglobin, which does not function reversibly as an oxygen carrier. Methemoglobinemia may be due to a defect in the enzyme NADH methemoglobin reductase (an autosomal recessive trait) or to an abnormality in hemoglobin M (an autosomal dominant trait). (Dorland, 27th ed)		03.7420
Alveolitis, Fibrosing
[description not available]		02.8510
Hypertrichosis
Excessive hair growth at inappropriate locations, such as on the extremities, the head, and the back. It is caused by genetic or acquired factors, and is an androgen-independent process. This concept does not include HIRSUTISM which is an androgen-dependent excess hair growth in WOMEN and CHILDREN.		02.8510
Conjunctivitis
INFLAMMATION of the CONJUNCTIVA.		03.2620
Hypopituitarism
Diminution or cessation of secretion of one or more hormones from the anterior pituitary gland (including LH; FOLLICLE STIMULATING HORMONE; SOMATOTROPIN; and CORTICOTROPIN). This may result from surgical or radiation ablation, non-secretory PITUITARY NEOPLASMS, metastatic tumors, infarction, PITUITARY APOPLEXY, infiltrative or granulomatous processes, and other conditions.		04.2470
Pulmonary Fibrosis
A process in which normal lung tissues are progressively replaced by FIBROBLASTS and COLLAGEN causing an irreversible loss of the ability to transfer oxygen into the bloodstream via PULMONARY ALVEOLI. Patients show progressive DYSPNEA finally resulting in death.		02.8510
Deaf Mutism
[description not available]		04.7171
Auditory Vertigo
[description not available]		04.2541
Deafness
A general term for the complete loss of the ability to hear from both ears.		04.7171
Meniere Disease
A disease of the inner ear (LABYRINTH) that is characterized by fluctuating SENSORINEURAL HEARING LOSS; TINNITUS; episodic VERTIGO; and aural fullness. It is the most common form of endolymphatic hydrops.		04.2541
Hemosiderosis
Conditions in which there is a generalized increase in the iron stores of body tissues, particularly of liver and the MONONUCLEAR PHAGOCYTE SYSTEM, without demonstrable tissue damage. The name refers to the presence of stainable iron in the tissue in the form of hemosiderin.		02.6330
Bilharziasis
[description not available]		09.4350
Liver Diseases, Parasitic
Liver diseases caused by infections with PARASITES, such as tapeworms (CESTODA) and flukes (TREMATODA).		01.9310
Schistosomiasis
Infection with flukes (trematodes) of the genus SCHISTOSOMA. Three species produce the most frequent clinical diseases: SCHISTOSOMA HAEMATOBIUM (endemic in Africa and the Middle East), SCHISTOSOMA MANSONI (in Egypt, northern and southern Africa, some West Indies islands, northern 2/3 of South America), and SCHISTOSOMA JAPONICUM (in Japan, China, the Philippines, Celebes, Thailand, Laos). S. mansoni is often seen in Puerto Ricans living in the United States.		04.4350
Cholangitis
Inflammation of the biliary ductal system (BILE DUCTS); intrahepatic, extrahepatic, or both.		03.9550
Carcinoma 256, Walker
A transplantable carcinoma of the rat that originally appeared spontaneously in the mammary gland of a pregnant albino rat, and which now resembles a carcinoma in young transplants and a sarcoma in older transplants. (Stedman, 25th ed)		03.0450
Sarcoma, Epithelioid
[description not available]		02.6330
EHS Tumor
[description not available]		03.3370
Sarcoma
A connective tissue neoplasm formed by proliferation of mesodermal cells; it is usually highly malignant.		02.6330
Ileitis
Inflammation of any segment of the ILEUM and the ILEOCECAL VALVE.		08.4680
Pachymeningitis
[description not available]		04.5861
Central Nervous System Syphilis
[description not available]		01.9310
Coenuri Infection
[description not available]		02.3420
Cysticercosis
Infection with CYSTICERCUS, the larval form of the various tapeworms of the genus Taenia (usually T. solium in man). In humans they penetrate the intestinal wall and invade subcutaneous tissue, brain, eye, muscle, heart, liver, lung, and peritoneum. Brain involvement results in NEUROCYSTICERCOSIS.		02.3420
Meningitis
Inflammation of the coverings of the brain and/or spinal cord, which consist of the PIA MATER; ARACHNOID; and DURA MATER. Infections (viral, bacterial, and fungal) are the most common causes of this condition, but subarachnoid hemorrhage (HEMORRHAGES, SUBARACHNOID), chemical irritation (chemical MENINGITIS), granulomatous conditions, neoplastic conditions (CARCINOMATOUS MENINGITIS), and other inflammatory conditions may produce this syndrome. (From Joynt, Clinical Neurology, 1994, Ch24, p6)		04.5861
Hemiplegia, Crossed
[description not available]		04.2741
Hemiplegia
Severe or complete loss of motor function on one side of the body. This condition is usually caused by BRAIN DISEASES that are localized to the cerebral hemisphere opposite to the side of weakness. Less frequently, BRAIN STEM lesions; cervical SPINAL CORD DISEASES; PERIPHERAL NERVOUS SYSTEM DISEASES; and other conditions may manifest as hemiplegia. The term hemiparesis (see PARESIS) refers to mild to moderate weakness involving one side of the body.		04.2741
Dental Focal Infection
[description not available]		01.9310
Focal Infection
An infection at a specific location that may spread to another region of the body.		01.9310
Agricultural Worker Disease
[description not available]		02.3520
Petechiae
Pinhead size (3 mm) skin discolorization due to hemorrhage.		02.3520
Purpura, Thrombopenic
[description not available]		02.6330
Purpura
Purplish or brownish red discoloration, easily visible through the epidermis, caused by hemorrhage into the tissues. When the size of the discolorization is		02.3520
Purpura, Thrombocytopenic
Any form of purpura in which the PLATELET COUNT is decreased. Many forms are thought to be caused by immunological mechanisms.		02.6330
Leukocytosis
A transient increase in the number of leukocytes in a body fluid.		05.16190
Urinary Incontinence, Stress
Involuntary discharge of URINE as a result of physical activities that increase abdominal pressure on the URINARY BLADDER without detrusor contraction or overdistended bladder. The subtypes are classified by the degree of leakage, descent and opening of the bladder neck and URETHRA without bladder contraction, and sphincter deficiency.		02.3720
Vesico-Vaginal Fistula
[description not available]		01.9410
Urinary Bladder Fistula
An abnormal passage in the URINARY BLADDER or between the bladder and any surrounding organ.		01.9410
Urinary Fistula
An abnormal passage in any part of the URINARY TRACT between itself or with other organs.		01.9410
Porphyria Cutanea Tarda
An autosomal dominant or acquired porphyria due to a deficiency of UROPORPHYRINOGEN DECARBOXYLASE in the LIVER. It is characterized by photosensitivity and cutaneous lesions with little or no neurologic symptoms. Type I is the acquired form and is strongly associated with liver diseases and hepatic toxicities caused by alcohol or estrogenic steroids. Type II is the familial form.		01.9310
Neuroses
[description not available]		02.6330
Neurotic Disorders
Disorders in which the symptoms are distressing to the individual and recognized by him or her as being unacceptable. Social relationships may be greatly affected but usually remain within acceptable limits. The disturbance is relatively enduring or recurrent without treatment.		02.6330
Enterocolitis
Inflammation of the MUCOSA of both the SMALL INTESTINE and the LARGE INTESTINE. Etiology includes ISCHEMIA, infections, allergic, and immune responses.		01.9310
Enlarged Liver
[description not available]		03.3370
Albers-Schoenberg Disease
[description not available]		01.9410
Osteopetrosis
Excessive formation of dense trabecular bone leading to pathological fractures; OSTEITIS; SPLENOMEGALY with infarct; ANEMIA; and extramedullary hemopoiesis (HEMATOPOIESIS, EXTRAMEDULLARY).		01.9410
Trichocephaliasis
[description not available]		02.8640
Trichuriasis
Infection with nematodes of the genus TRICHURIS, formerly called Trichocephalus.		02.8640
Retroperitoneal Neoplasms
New abnormal growth of tissue in the RETROPERITONEAL SPACE.		01.9410
Cancer of Pelvis
[description not available]		04.4451
Glycosuria
The appearance of an abnormally large amount of GLUCOSE in the urine, such as more than 500 mg/day in adults. It can be due to HYPERGLYCEMIA or genetic defects in renal reabsorption (RENAL GLYCOSURIA).		04.4451
Agranulocytosis
A decrease in the number of GRANULOCYTES; (BASOPHILS; EOSINOPHILS; and NEUTROPHILS).		011.13200
Leukemia, Radiation-Induced
Leukemia produced by exposure to IONIZING RADIATION or NON-IONIZING RADIATION.		03.2620
Alcoholic Intoxication
An acute brain syndrome which results from the excessive ingestion of ETHANOL or ALCOHOLIC BEVERAGES.		02.6530
Anemia, Splenic
[description not available]		04.7550
Island Cell Tumor
[description not available]		03.5530
Gastroenteritis
INFLAMMATION of any segment of the GASTROINTESTINAL TRACT from ESOPHAGUS to RECTUM. Causes of gastroenteritis are many including genetic, infection, HYPERSENSITIVITY, drug effects, and CANCER.		06.171
Adenoma, Islet Cell
A benign tumor of the pancreatic ISLET CELLS. Usually it involves the INSULIN-producing PANCREATIC BETA CELLS, as in INSULINOMA, resulting in HYPERINSULINISM.		03.5530
Kelly's Syndrome
[description not available]		02.6430
Abnormal Deep Tendon Reflex
[description not available]		04.58100
Reflex, Abnormal
An abnormal response to a stimulus applied to the sensory components of the nervous system. This may take the form of increased, decreased, or absent reflexes.		04.58100
Benign Cerebellar Neoplasms
[description not available]		01.9310
Anaplastic Ependymoma
[description not available]		01.9310
Ependymoma
Glioma derived from EPENDYMOGLIAL CELLS that tend to present as malignant intracranial tumors in children and as benign intraspinal neoplasms in adults. It may arise from any level of the ventricular system or central canal of the spinal cord. Intracranial ependymomas most frequently originate in the FOURTH VENTRICLE and histologically are densely cellular tumors which may contain ependymal tubules and perivascular pseudorosettes. Spinal ependymomas are usually benign papillary or myxopapillary tumors. (From DeVita et al., Principles and Practice of Oncology, 5th ed, p2018; Escourolle et al., Manual of Basic Neuropathology, 2nd ed, pp28-9)		06.9310
Dumping Syndrome
Gastrointestinal symptoms resulting from an absent or nonfunctioning pylorus.		05160
Dermatomyositis, Adult Type
[description not available]		03.2620
Dermatomyositis
A subacute or chronic inflammatory disease of muscle and skin, marked by proximal muscle weakness and a characteristic skin rash. The illness occurs with approximately equal frequency in children and adults. The skin lesions usually take the form of a purplish rash (or less often an exfoliative dermatitis) involving the nose, cheeks, forehead, upper trunk, and arms. The disease is associated with a complement mediated intramuscular microangiopathy, leading to loss of capillaries, muscle ischemia, muscle-fiber necrosis, and perifascicular atrophy. The childhood form of this disease tends to evolve into a systemic vasculitis. Dermatomyositis may occur in association with malignant neoplasms. (From Adams et al., Principles of Neurology, 6th ed, pp1405-6)		03.2620
Cancer of the Urethra
[description not available]		03.7621
Cancer of the Vagina
[description not available]		01.9410
Urethral Neoplasms
Cancer or tumors of the URETHRA. Benign epithelial tumors of the urethra usually consist of squamous and transitional cells. Primary urethral carcinomas are rare and typically of squamous cells. Urethral carcinoma is the only urological malignancy that is more common in females than in males.		03.7621
Vaginal Neoplasms
Tumors or cancer of the VAGINA.		01.9410
Dextrocardia
A congenital defect in which the heart is located on the right side of the THORAX instead of on the left side (levocardia, the normal position). When dextrocardia is accompanied with inverted HEART ATRIA, a right-sided STOMACH, and a left-sided LIVER, the combination is called dextrocardia with SITUS INVERSUS. Dextrocardia may adversely affect other thoracic organs.		01.9410
Anemia, Fanconi
[description not available]		02.6730
Fanconi Anemia
Congenital disorder affecting all bone marrow elements, resulting in ANEMIA; LEUKOPENIA; and THROMBOPENIA, and associated with cardiac, renal, and limb malformations as well as dermal pigmentary changes. Spontaneous CHROMOSOME BREAKAGE is a feature of this disease along with predisposition to LEUKEMIA. There are at least 7 complementation groups in Fanconi anemia: FANCA, FANCB, FANCC, FANCD1, FANCD2, FANCE, FANCF, FANCG, and FANCL. (from Online Mendelian Inheritance in Man, http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/dispomim.cgi?id=227650, August 20, 2004)		02.6730
Poisoning, Mercury
[description not available]		03.9650
Tuberculosis, Renal
Infection of the KIDNEY with species of MYCOBACTERIUM.		02.3420
Mercury Poisoning
Poisoning that results from chronic or acute ingestion, injection, inhalation, or skin absorption of MERCURY or MERCURY COMPOUNDS.		03.9650
Parasite Infections
[description not available]		06.6691
Amyotonia Congenita
[description not available]		03.840
Neuromuscular Diseases
A general term encompassing lower MOTOR NEURON DISEASE; PERIPHERAL NERVOUS SYSTEM DISEASES; and certain MUSCULAR DISEASES. Manifestations include MUSCLE WEAKNESS; FASCICULATION; muscle ATROPHY; SPASM; MYOKYMIA; MUSCLE HYPERTONIA, myalgias, and MUSCLE HYPOTONIA.		03.840
Neuroretinitis
[description not available]		03.2620
Eye Manifestations
Ocular disorders attendant upon non-ocular disease or injury.		02.6330
Retinitis
Inflammation of the RETINA. It is rarely limited to the retina, but is commonly associated with diseases of the choroid (CHORIORETINITIS) and of the OPTIC DISK (neuroretinitis).		03.2620
Carbon Monoxide Poisoning
Toxic asphyxiation due to the displacement of oxygen from oxyhemoglobin by carbon monoxide.		01.9410
Candida Infection
[description not available]		02.3420
Milk-Alkali Syndrome
[description not available]		03.2820
Thyroiditis
Inflammatory diseases of the THYROID GLAND. Thyroiditis can be classified into acute (THYROIDITIS, SUPPURATIVE), subacute (granulomatous and lymphocytic), chronic fibrous (Riedel's), chronic lymphocytic (HASHIMOTO DISEASE), transient (POSTPARTUM THYROIDITIS), and other AUTOIMMUNE THYROIDITIS subtypes.		02.3420
Candidiasis
Infection with a fungus of the genus CANDIDA. It is usually a superficial infection of the moist areas of the body and is generally caused by CANDIDA ALBICANS. (Dorland, 27th ed)		02.3420
Hypercalcemia
Abnormally high level of calcium in the blood.		03.2820
Bronchial Pneumonia
[description not available]		01.9410
Acute Rheumatic Fever
[description not available]		03.0450
Emaciation
Clinical manifestation of excessive LEANNESS usually caused by disease or a lack of nutrition (MALNUTRITION).		03.0450
Hemorrhagic Shock
[description not available]		03.0350
Abscess, Pulmonary
[description not available]		02.6330
Lung Abscess
Solitary or multiple collections of PUS within the lung parenchyma as a result of infection by bacteria, protozoa, or other agents.		02.6330
Food Poisoning
[description not available]		04.5860
Thrombocytopathy
[description not available]		08.3370
Blood Platelet Disorders
Disorders caused by abnormalities in platelet count or function.		03.3370
Diffuse Large B-Cell Lymphoma
[description not available]		03.1960
Intestinal Perforation
Opening or penetration through the wall of the INTESTINES.		01.9410
Lymphoma, Large B-Cell, Diffuse
Malignant lymphoma composed of large B lymphoid cells whose nuclear size can exceed normal macrophage nuclei, or more than twice the size of a normal lymphocyte. The pattern is predominantly diffuse. Most of these lymphomas represent the malignant counterpart of B-lymphocytes at midstage in the process of differentiation.		03.1960
Brittle Bone Disease
[description not available]		01.9410
Osteogenesis Imperfecta
COLLAGEN DISEASES characterized by brittle, osteoporotic, and easily fractured bones. It may also present with blue sclerae, loose joints, and imperfect dentin formation. Most types are autosomal dominant and are associated with mutations in COLLAGEN TYPE I.		01.9410
Thrombocythemia
[description not available]		04.66110
Congenital Erythropoietic Porphyria
[description not available]		01.9410
Familial Waldenstrom's Macroglobulinaemia
[description not available]		03.5530
Plasma Cell Tumor
[description not available]		02.8640
Waldenstrom Macroglobulinemia
A lymphoproliferative disorder characterized by pleomorphic B-LYMPHOCYTES including PLASMA CELLS, with increased levels of monoclonal serum IMMUNOGLOBULIN M. There is lymphoplasmacytic cells infiltration into bone marrow and often other tissues, also known as lymphoplasmacytic lymphoma. Clinical features include ANEMIA; HEMORRHAGES; and hyperviscosity.		03.5530
Plasmacytoma
Any discrete, presumably solitary, mass of neoplastic PLASMA CELLS either in BONE MARROW or various extramedullary sites.		02.8640
Great Pox
[description not available]		05.8691
Syphilis
A contagious venereal disease caused by the spirochete TREPONEMA PALLIDUM.		05.8691
Periarthritis
Inflammation of the tissues around a joint. (Dorland, 27th ed)		04.8481
Foot Diseases
Anatomical and functional disorders affecting the foot.		02.6330
Stasis Ulcer
[description not available]		01.9410
Tenosynovitis
Inflammation of the synovial lining of a tendon sheath. Causes include trauma, tendon stress, bacterial disease (gonorrhea, tuberculosis), rheumatic disease, and gout. Common sites are the hand, wrist, shoulder capsule, hip capsule, hamstring muscles, and Achilles tendon. The tendon sheaths become inflamed and painful, and accumulate fluid. Joint mobility is usually reduced.		01.9410
Varicose Ulcer
Skin breakdown or ulceration in the drainage area of a VARICOSE VEIN, usually in the leg.		01.9410
Empyema, Gall Bladder
[description not available]		02.8540
Cholecystitis
Inflammation of the GALLBLADDER; generally caused by impairment of BILE flow, GALLSTONES in the BILIARY TRACT, infections, or other diseases.		02.8540
Phlegmasia Alba Dolens
Inflammation that is characterized by swollen, pale, and painful limb. It is usually caused by DEEP VEIN THROMBOSIS in a FEMORAL VEIN, following PARTURITION or an illness. This condition is also called milk leg or white leg.		05.61102
Arteriosclerosis Obliterans
Common occlusive arterial disease which is caused by ATHEROSCLEROSIS. It is characterized by lesions in the innermost layer (ARTERIAL INTIMA) of arteries including the AORTA and its branches to the extremities. Risk factors include smoking, HYPERLIPIDEMIA, and HYPERTENSION.		02.3420
Thrombophlebitis
Inflammation of a vein associated with a blood clot (THROMBUS).		05.61102
Gallstone Disease
[description not available]		04.09160
Gallbladder Dyskinesia
[description not available]		02.3420
Gall Bladder Diseases
[description not available]		05.1641
Biliary Dyskinesia
A motility disorder characterized by biliary COLIC, absence of GALLSTONES, and an abnormal GALLBLADDER ejection fraction. It is caused by gallbladder dyskinesia and/or SPHINCTER OF ODDI DYSFUNCTION.		02.3420
Cholelithiasis
Presence or formation of GALLSTONES in the BILIARY TRACT, usually in the gallbladder (CHOLECYSTOLITHIASIS) or the common bile duct (CHOLEDOCHOLITHIASIS).		04.09160
Potassium Deficiency
A condition due to decreased dietary intake of potassium, as in starvation or failure to administer in intravenous solutions, or to gastrointestinal loss in diarrhea, chronic laxative abuse, vomiting, gastric suction, or bowel diversion. Severe potassium deficiency may produce muscular weakness and lead to paralysis and respiratory failure. Muscular malfunction may result in hypoventilation, paralytic ileus, hypotension, muscle twitches, tetany, and rhabomyolysis. Nephropathy from potassium deficit impairs the concentrating mechanism, producing POLYURIA and decreased maximal urinary concentrating ability with secondary POLYDIPSIA. (Merck Manual, 16th ed)		01.9410
Fasciola Infection
[description not available]		02.6530
Fascioliasis
Liver disease caused by infections with parasitic flukes of the genus FASCIOLA, such as FASCIOLA HEPATICA.		02.6530
Purine Pyrimidine Metabolism, Inborn Errors
[description not available]		01.9410
Cancer of Parathyroid
[description not available]		02.3420
Parathyroid Neoplasms
Tumors or cancer of the PARATHYROID GLANDS.		02.3420
Melena
The black, tarry, foul-smelling FECES that contain degraded blood.		02.3420
Neoplasms, Bronchial
[description not available]		02.6430
Hypokalemia
Abnormally low potassium concentration in the blood. It may result from potassium loss by renal secretion or by the gastrointestinal route, as by vomiting or diarrhea. It may be manifested clinically by neuromuscular disorders ranging from weakness to paralysis, by electrocardiographic abnormalities (depression of the T wave and elevation of the U wave), by renal disease, and by gastrointestinal disorders. (Dorland, 27th ed)		03.4580
Bronchial Neoplasms
Tumors or cancer of the BRONCHI.		02.6430
Bile Duct Cancer
[description not available]		01.9410
Bile Duct Neoplasms
Tumors or cancer of the BILE DUCTS.		01.9410
Bodily Distress Disorder
[description not available]		02.8640
Hyperactivity, Motor
[description not available]		03.5530
Marchiafava-Micheli Syndrome
[description not available]		02.3420
Hemoglobinuria
The presence of free HEMOGLOBIN in the URINE, indicating hemolysis of ERYTHROCYTES within the vascular system. After saturating the hemoglobin-binding proteins (HAPTOGLOBINS), free hemoglobin begins to appear in the urine.		02.6430
Hemoglobinuria, Paroxysmal
A condition characterized by the recurrence of HEMOGLOBINURIA caused by intravascular HEMOLYSIS. In cases occurring upon cold exposure (paroxysmal cold hemoglobinuria), usually after infections, there is a circulating antibody which is also a cold hemolysin. In cases occurring during or after sleep (paroxysmal nocturnal hemoglobinuria), the clonal hematopoietic stem cells exhibit a global deficiency of cell membrane proteins.		02.3420
Arterial Diseases, Cerebral
[description not available]		01.9410
Cerebral Arterial Diseases
Pathological conditions of intracranial ARTERIES supplying the CEREBRUM. These diseases often are due to abnormalities or pathological processes in the ANTERIOR CEREBRAL ARTERY; MIDDLE CEREBRAL ARTERY; and POSTERIOR CEREBRAL ARTERY.		01.9410
Vibrio cholerae Infection
[description not available]		02.8640
Cholera
An acute diarrheal disease endemic in India and Southeast Asia whose causative agent is VIBRIO CHOLERAE. This condition can lead to severe dehydration in a matter of hours unless quickly treated.		02.8640
Sarcoma 180
An experimental sarcoma of mice.		01.9410
Neoplasm Regression, Spontaneous
Disappearance of a neoplasm or neoplastic state without the intervention of therapy.		04.1160
Adenohypophyseal Diseases
[description not available]		01.9410
Pituitary Diseases
Disorders involving either the ADENOHYPOPHYSIS or the NEUROHYPOPHYSIS. These diseases usually manifest as hypersecretion or hyposecretion of PITUITARY HORMONES. Neoplastic pituitary masses can also cause compression of the OPTIC CHIASM and other adjacent structures.		01.9410
Addison Disease, X-Linked
[description not available]		02.3420
Hypoadrenocorticism, Familial
Hereditary forms of Addison disease that may exhibit autosomal recessive or X-linked inheritance. They are characterized by severe neurological symptoms, APNEA; and death in infancy. OMIM: 240200		02.3420
Ancylostomiasis
Infection of humans or animals with hookworms of the genus ANCYLOSTOMA. Characteristics include anemia, dyspepsia, eosinophilia, and abdominal swelling.		04.9431
Bladder Pain Syndrome
[description not available]		01.9410
Cystitis
Inflammation of the URINARY BLADDER, either from bacterial or non-bacterial causes. Cystitis is usually associated with painful urination (dysuria), increased frequency, urgency, and suprapubic pain.		01.9410
Cystitis, Interstitial
A condition with recurring discomfort or pain in the URINARY BLADDER and the surrounding pelvic region without an identifiable disease. Severity of pain in interstitial cystitis varies greatly and often is accompanied by increased urination frequency and urgency.		01.9410
Sore Throat
[description not available]		02.3420
Pharyngitis
Inflammation of the throat (PHARYNX).		02.3420
Convalescence
The period of recovery following an illness.		05.1462
Cirrhoses, Experimental Liver
[description not available]		03.0550
Bed Sores
[description not available]		02.3420
Pressure Ulcer
An ulceration caused by prolonged pressure on the SKIN and TISSUES when one stays in one position for a long period of time, such as lying in bed. The bony areas of the body are the most frequently affected sites which become ischemic (ISCHEMIA) under sustained and constant pressure.		02.3420
Experimental Hepatoma
[description not available]		02.6430
Cholangiitis, Sclerosing
[description not available]		02.0110
Cholangitis, Sclerosing
Chronic inflammatory disease of the BILIARY TRACT. It is characterized by fibrosis and hardening of the intrahepatic and extrahepatic biliary ductal systems leading to bile duct strictures, CHOLESTASIS, and eventual BILIARY CIRRHOSIS.		02.0110
Ciliary Dyskinesia
[description not available]		02.0110
Asthenopia
Term generally used to describe complaints related to refractive error, ocular muscle imbalance, including pain or aching around the eyes, burning and itchiness of the eyelids, ocular fatigue, and headaches.		04.4451
Ciliary Motility Disorders
Conditions caused by abnormal CILIA movement in the body, usually causing KARTAGENER SYNDROME, chronic respiratory disorders, chronic SINUSITIS, and chronic OTITIS. Abnormal ciliary beating is likely due to defects in any of the 200 plus ciliary proteins, such as missing motor enzyme DYNEIN arms.		02.0110
Drug Withdrawal Symptoms
[description not available]		03.2160
Substance Withdrawal Syndrome
Physiological and psychological symptoms associated with withdrawal from the use of a drug after prolonged administration or habituation. The concept includes withdrawal from smoking or drinking, as well as withdrawal from an administered drug.		03.2160
Erythema Multiforme
A skin and mucous membrane disease characterized by an eruption of macules, papules, nodules, vesicles, and/or bullae with characteristic bull's-eye lesions usually occurring on the dorsal aspect of the hands and forearms.		02.0210
Intestinal Diseases, Parasitic
Infections of the INTESTINES with PARASITES, commonly involving PARASITIC WORMS. Infections with roundworms (NEMATODE INFECTIONS) and tapeworms (CESTODE INFECTIONS) are also known as HELMINTHIASIS.		06.61200
Air Sickness
[description not available]		02.3420
Motion Sickness
Disorder caused by motion. It includes sea sickness, train sickness, roller coaster rides, rocking chair, hammock swing, car sickness, air sickness, or SPACE MOTION SICKNESS. Symptoms include nausea, vomiting and/or dizziness.		02.3420
Canine Distemper
[description not available]		01.9210
Meningitis, Meningococcal, Serogroup A
[description not available]		01.9210
Meningitis, Meningococcal
A fulminant infection of the meninges and subarachnoid fluid by the bacterium NEISSERIA MENINGITIDIS, producing diffuse inflammation and peri-meningeal venous thromboses. Clinical manifestations include FEVER, nuchal rigidity, SEIZURES, severe HEADACHE, petechial rash, stupor, focal neurologic deficits, HYDROCEPHALUS, and COMA. The organism is usually transmitted via nasopharyngeal secretions and is a leading cause of meningitis in children and young adults. Organisms from Neisseria meningitidis serogroups A, B, C, Y, and W-135 have been reported to cause meningitis. (From Adams et al., Principles of Neurology, 6th ed, pp689-701; Curr Opin Pediatr 1998 Feb;10(1):13-8)		01.9210
Ornithosis
[description not available]		01.9310
Psittacosis
Infection with CHLAMYDOPHILA PSITTACI (formerly Chlamydia psittaci), transmitted to humans by inhalation of dust-borne contaminated nasal secretions or excreta of infected BIRDS. This infection results in a febrile illness characterized by PNEUMONITIS and systemic manifestations.		01.9310
Linitis Plastica
A condition where the stomach wall becomes thickened, rubbery and loses its ability to distend. The stomach assumes a leather bottle shape. It is most often seen in adenocarcinoma of the stomach. The term is often used synonymously with diffuse adenocarcinoma of the stomach.		01.9310
Addiction, Opioid
[description not available]		02.0210
Opioid-Related Disorders
Disorders related to or resulting from abuse or misuse of OPIOIDS.		02.0210
Alcohol Problem
[description not available]		02.0210
Alcohol-Related Disorders
Disorders related to or resulting from abuse or misuse of alcohol.		02.0210
Complex Partial Epilepsy
[description not available]		02.420
Epilepsy, Complex Partial
A disorder characterized by recurrent partial seizures marked by impairment of cognition. During the seizure the individual may experience a wide variety of psychic phenomenon including formed hallucinations, illusions, deja vu, intense emotional feelings, confusion, and spatial disorientation. Focal motor activity, sensory alterations and AUTOMATISM may also occur. Complex partial seizures often originate from foci in one or both temporal lobes. The etiology may be idiopathic (cryptogenic partial complex epilepsy) or occur as a secondary manifestation of a focal cortical lesion (symptomatic partial complex epilepsy). (From Adams et al., Principles of Neurology, 6th ed, pp317-8)		02.420
Alcohol Abuse, Nervous System
[description not available]		02.0210
Jet Lag
[description not available]		02.9310
Biological Clock Disturbances
[description not available]		02.9310
Cardiac Septal Defect
[description not available]		02.0210
Neoplasms, Pleural
[description not available]		04.0630
Inadequate Sleep
[description not available]		02.4320
Hydatid Mole
[description not available]		02.4320
Hydatidiform Mole
Trophoblastic hyperplasia associated with normal gestation, or molar pregnancy. It is characterized by the swelling of the CHORIONIC VILLI and elevated human CHORIONIC GONADOTROPIN. Hydatidiform moles or molar pregnancy may be categorized as complete or partial based on their gross morphology, histopathology, and karyotype.		02.4320
Compartment Syndromes
Conditions in which increased pressure within a limited space compromises the BLOOD CIRCULATION and function of tissue within that space. Some of the causes of increased pressure are TRAUMA, tight dressings, HEMORRHAGE, and exercise. Sequelae include nerve compression (NERVE COMPRESSION SYNDROMES); PARALYSIS; and ISCHEMIC CONTRACTURE. FASCIOTOMY is often used to decompress increased pressure and eliminate pain associated with compartment syndromes.		02.0210
Hypovolemic
[description not available]		02.0210
Hypovolemia
An abnormally low volume of blood circulating through the body. It may result in hypovolemic shock (see SHOCK).		02.0210
Hydrosyringomyelia
[description not available]		02.6530
Chemical Sensitivities, Multiple
[description not available]		02.0210
Dermatosclerosis
[description not available]		02.3620
Scleroderma, Localized
A term used to describe a variety of localized asymmetrical SKIN thickening that is similar to those of SYSTEMIC SCLERODERMA but without the disease features in the multiple internal organs and BLOOD VESSELS. Lesions may be characterized as patches or plaques (morphea), bands (linear), or nodules.		02.3620
Pityriasis
A name originally applied to a group of skin diseases characterized by the formation of fine, branny scales, but now used only with a modifier. (Dorland, 27th ed)		01.9210
Sebaceous Gland Diseases
Diseases of the sebaceous glands such as sebaceous hyperplasia and sebaceous cell carcinoma (SEBACEOUS GLAND NEOPLASMS).		01.9210
Compensatory Hyperinsulinemia
A GLUCOSE-induced HYPERINSULINEMIA, a marker of insulin-resistant state. It is a mechanism to compensate for reduced sensitivity to insulin.		03.821
Hyperinsulinism
A syndrome with excessively high INSULIN levels in the BLOOD. It may cause HYPOGLYCEMIA. Etiology of hyperinsulinism varies, including hypersecretion of a beta cell tumor (INSULINOMA); autoantibodies against insulin (INSULIN ANTIBODIES); defective insulin receptor (INSULIN RESISTANCE); or overuse of exogenous insulin or HYPOGLYCEMIC AGENTS.		03.821
Cranial Nerve II Injuries
[description not available]		02.0210
Placental Insufficiency
Failure of the PLACENTA to deliver an adequate supply of nutrients and OXYGEN to the FETUS.		04.0831
Morning Sickness
Symptoms of NAUSEA and VOMITING in pregnant women that usually occur in the morning during the first 2 to 3 months of PREGNANCY. Severe persistent vomiting during pregnancy is called HYPEREMESIS GRAVIDARUM.		04.7220
Leukokeratosis
Leukoplakic lesions related to abnormal keratin fiber formation.		02.3820
Leukoplakia
A white patch lesion found on a MUCOUS MEMBRANE that cannot be scraped off. Leukoplakia is generally considered a precancerous condition, however its appearance may also result from a variety of HEREDITARY DISEASES.		02.3820
Deficiency Disease, Ornithine Carbamoyltransferase
[description not available]		02.0210
Carboxylase Deficiency, Combined
[description not available]		02.0210
Ornithine Carbamoyltransferase Deficiency Disease
An inherited urea cycle disorder associated with deficiency of the enzyme ORNITHINE CARBAMOYLTRANSFERASE, transmitted as an X-linked trait and featuring elevations of amino acids and ammonia in the serum. Clinical features, which are more prominent in males, include seizures, behavioral alterations, episodic vomiting, lethargy, and coma. (Menkes, Textbook of Child Neurology, 5th ed, pp49-50)		02.0210
Congenital Adrenal Hyperplasia
[description not available]		02.0210
Adrenal Hyperplasia, Congenital
A group of inherited disorders of the ADRENAL GLANDS, caused by enzyme defects in the synthesis of cortisol (HYDROCORTISONE) and/or ALDOSTERONE leading to accumulation of precursors for ANDROGENS. Depending on the hormone imbalance, congenital adrenal hyperplasia can be classified as salt-wasting, hypertensive, virilizing, or feminizing. Defects in STEROID 21-HYDROXYLASE; STEROID 11-BETA-HYDROXYLASE; STEROID 17-ALPHA-HYDROXYLASE; 3-beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase (3-HYDROXYSTEROID DEHYDROGENASES); TESTOSTERONE 5-ALPHA-REDUCTASE; or steroidogenic acute regulatory protein; among others, underlie these disorders.		02.0210
Leukoaraiosis
Non-specific white matter changes in the BRAIN, often seen after age 65. Changes include loss of AXONS; MYELIN pallor, GLIOSIS, loss of ependymal cells, and enlarged perivascular spaces. Leukoaraiosis is a risk factor for DEMENTIA and CEREBROVASCULAR DISORDERS.		02.0210
Polychondritis, Chronic Atrophic
[description not available]		02.0210
Polychondritis, Relapsing
An acquired disease of unknown etiology, chronic course, and tendency to recur. It is characterized by inflammation and degeneration of cartilage and can result in deformities such as floppy ear and saddle nose. Loss of cartilage in the respiratory tract can lead to respiratory obstruction.		02.0210
Uveitis
Inflammation of part or all of the uvea, the middle (vascular) tunic of the eye, and commonly involving the other tunics (sclera and cornea, and the retina). (Dorland, 27th ed)		02.0210
Giardia duodenalis Infection
[description not available]		05.54170
Giardiasis
An infection of the SMALL INTESTINE caused by the flagellated protozoan GIARDIA. It is spread via contaminated food and water and by direct person-to-person contact.		05.54170
Affective Disorders, Psychotic
Disorders in which the essential feature is a severe disturbance in mood (depression, anxiety, elation, and excitement) accompanied by psychotic symptoms such as delusions, hallucinations, gross impairment in reality testing, etc.		02.420
Choroid Neovascularization
[description not available]		02.0310
Esophagitis, Reflux
[description not available]		04.7240
Esophagitis, Peptic
INFLAMMATION of the ESOPHAGUS that is caused by the reflux of GASTRIC JUICE with contents of the STOMACH and DUODENUM.		04.7240
Carbohydrate Inducible Hyperlipemia
[description not available]		02.4320
Hyperlipoproteinemia Type IV
A hypertriglyceridemia disorder, often with autosomal dominant inheritance. It is characterized by the persistent elevations of plasma TRIGLYCERIDES, endogenously synthesized and contained predominantly in VERY-LOW-DENSITY LIPOPROTEINS (pre-beta lipoproteins). In contrast, the plasma CHOLESTEROL and PHOSPHOLIPIDS usually remain within normal limits.		02.4320
Lens Dislocation
[description not available]		02.0210
Amyloid Angiopathy, Cerebral
[description not available]		02.0210
Cerebral Amyloid Angiopathy
A heterogeneous group of sporadic or familial disorders characterized by AMYLOID deposits in the walls of small and medium sized blood vessels of CEREBRAL CORTEX and MENINGES. Clinical features include multiple, small lobar CEREBRAL HEMORRHAGE; cerebral ischemia (BRAIN ISCHEMIA); and CEREBRAL INFARCTION. Cerebral amyloid angiopathy is unrelated to generalized AMYLOIDOSIS. Amyloidogenic peptides in this condition are nearly always the same ones found in ALZHEIMER DISEASE. (from Kumar: Robbins and Cotran: Pathologic Basis of Disease, 7th ed., 2005)		02.0210
Anorectal Diseases
[description not available]		02.6630
Ankylosing Spondylarthritis
[description not available]		02.6630
Intestinal Polyps
Discrete abnormal tissue masses that protrude into the lumen of the INTESTINE. A polyp is attached to the intestinal wall either by a stalk, pedunculus, or by a broad base.		02.6630
Rectal Diseases
Pathological developments in the RECTUM region of the large intestine (INTESTINE, LARGE).		02.6630
Spondylitis, Ankylosing
A chronic inflammatory condition affecting the axial joints, such as the SACROILIAC JOINT and other intervertebral or costovertebral joints. It occurs predominantly in young males and is characterized by pain and stiffness of joints (ANKYLOSIS) with inflammation at tendon insertions.		02.6630
Central Nervous System Neoplasm
[description not available]		02.0310
Central Nervous System Neoplasms
Benign and malignant neoplastic processes that arise from or secondarily involve the brain, spinal cord, or meninges.		02.0310
Cancer of Testis
[description not available]		02.4120
Rhabdomyosarcoma
A malignant solid tumor arising from mesenchymal tissues which normally differentiate to form striated muscle. It can occur in a wide variety of sites. It is divided into four distinct types: pleomorphic, predominantly in male adults; alveolar (RHABDOMYOSARCOMA, ALVEOLAR), mainly in adolescents and young adults; embryonal (RHABDOMYOSARCOMA, EMBRYONAL), predominantly in infants and children; and botryoidal, also in young children. It is one of the most frequently occurring soft tissue sarcomas and the most common in children under 15. (From Dorland, 27th ed; Holland et al., Cancer Medicine, 3d ed, p2186; DeVita Jr et al., Cancer: Principles & Practice of Oncology, 3d ed, pp1647-9)		02.0310
Testicular Neoplasms
Tumors or cancer of the TESTIS. Germ cell tumors (GERMINOMA) of the testis constitute 95% of all testicular neoplasms.		02.4120
Seminoma
A radiosensitive, malignant neoplasm of the testis, thought to be derived from primordial germ cells of the sexually undifferentiated embryonic gonad. There are three variants: classical (typical), the most common type; anaplastic; and spermatocytic. The classical seminoma is composed of fairly well differentiated sheets or cords of uniform polygonal or round cells (seminoma cells), each cell having abundant clear cytoplasm, distinct cell membranes, a centrally placed round nucleus, and one or more nucleoli. In the female, a grossly and histologically identical neoplasm, known as dysgerminoma, occurs. (Dorland, 27th ed)		02.0310
Blastocyst Disintegration
[description not available]		02.0310
Bone Loss, Osteoclastic
[description not available]		04.4650
Aseptic Necrosis of Bone
[description not available]		02.9410
Osteonecrosis
Death of a bone or part of a bone, either atraumatic or posttraumatic.		02.9410
Cardiac Arrest, Sudden
[description not available]		09.6499
Death, Sudden, Cardiac
Unexpected rapid natural death due to cardiovascular collapse within one hour of initial symptoms. It is usually caused by the worsening of existing heart diseases. The sudden onset of symptoms, such as CHEST PAIN and CARDIAC ARRHYTHMIAS, particularly VENTRICULAR TACHYCARDIA, can lead to the loss of consciousness and cardiac arrest followed by biological death. (from Braunwald's Heart Disease: A Textbook of Cardiovascular Medicine, 7th ed., 2005)		09.6499
Shock, Traumatic
Shock produced as a result of trauma.		02.3720
Inhalation Injury, Smoke
[description not available]		02.0310
Joint Pain
[description not available]		02.0310
Arthralgia
Pain in the joint.		02.0310
Oliguria
Decreased URINE output that is below the normal range. Oliguria can be defined as urine output of less than or equal to 0.5 or 1 ml/kg/hr depending on the age.		01.9410
Hemorrhage, Oral
[description not available]		02.3720
Anemia Neonatorum
[description not available]		03.7621
Anemia, Neonatal
The mildest form of erythroblastosis fetalis in which anemia is the chief manifestation.		03.7621
Cancer of the Retina
[description not available]		01.9410
Eye Cancer, Retinoblastoma
[description not available]		01.9410
Retinoblastoma
A malignant tumor arising from the nuclear layer of the retina that is the most common primary tumor of the eye in children. The tumor tends to occur in early childhood or infancy and may be present at birth. The majority are sporadic, but the condition may be transmitted as an autosomal dominant trait. Histologic features include dense cellularity, small round polygonal cells, and areas of calcification and necrosis. An abnormal pupil reflex (leukokoria); NYSTAGMUS, PATHOLOGIC; STRABISMUS; and visual loss represent common clinical characteristics of this condition. (From DeVita et al., Cancer: Principles and Practice of Oncology, 5th ed, p2104)		01.9410
Hyperpotassemia
[description not available]		02.420
Acidosis, Renal Tubular Type IV
[description not available]		02.0310
Hyperkalemia
Abnormally high potassium concentration in the blood, most often due to defective renal excretion. It is characterized clinically by electrocardiographic abnormalities (elevated T waves and depressed P waves, and eventually by atrial asystole). In severe cases, weakness and flaccid paralysis may occur. (Dorland, 27th ed)		02.420
Chromosomal Instability
An increased tendency to acquire CHROMOSOME ABERRATIONS when various processes involved in chromosome replication, repair, or segregation are dysfunctional.		02.0310
Aneuploid
[description not available]		03.5730
Developmental Coordination Disorder
[description not available]		02.0310
Abortion, Veterinary
Premature expulsion of the FETUS in animals.		02.420
Parodontosis
[description not available]		02.6930
Hemorrhage, Gingival
[description not available]		02.0310
Gingival Hemorrhage
The flowing of blood from the marginal gingival area, particularly the sulcus, seen in such conditions as GINGIVITIS, marginal PERIODONTITIS, injury, and ASCORBIC ACID DEFICIENCY.		02.0310
Gingivitis
Inflammation of gum tissue (GINGIVA) without loss of connective tissue.		02.6530
Periodontal Diseases
Pathological processes involving the PERIODONTIUM including the gum (GINGIVA), the alveolar bone (ALVEOLAR PROCESS), the DENTAL CEMENTUM, and the PERIODONTAL LIGAMENT.		02.6930
Diseases in Twins
Disorders affecting TWINS, one or both, at any age.		03.3670
Leukocyte Disorders
Disordered formation of various types of leukocytes or an abnormal accumulation or deficiency of these cells.		02.0310
Apnea, Sleep
[description not available]		02.0310
Sleep Apnea Syndromes
Disorders characterized by multiple cessations of respirations during sleep that induce partial arousals and interfere with the maintenance of sleep. Sleep apnea syndromes are divided into central (see SLEEP APNEA, CENTRAL), obstructive (see SLEEP APNEA, OBSTRUCTIVE), and mixed central-obstructive types.		02.0310
Acute-Phase Reaction
An early local inflammatory reaction to insult or injury that consists of fever, an increase in inflammatory humoral factors, and an increased synthesis by hepatocytes of a number of proteins or glycoproteins usually found in the plasma.		02.0310
Renal Artery Stenosis
[description not available]		02.6730
Renal Artery Obstruction
Narrowing or occlusion of the RENAL ARTERY or arteries. It is due usually to ATHEROSCLEROSIS; FIBROMUSCULAR DYSPLASIA; THROMBOSIS; EMBOLISM, or external pressure. The reduced renal perfusion can lead to renovascular hypertension (HYPERTENSION, RENOVASCULAR).		02.6730
Placental Abruption
[description not available]		02.6830
Abruptio Placentae
Premature separation of the normally implanted PLACENTA from the UTERUS. Signs of varying degree of severity include UTERINE BLEEDING, uterine MUSCLE HYPERTONIA, and FETAL DISTRESS or FETAL DEATH.		02.6830
Dicrocoeliasis
Infection with flukes of the genus Dicrocoelium.		02.0310
Cystic Echinococcosis
[description not available]		02.0310
Helminthiasis, Animal
Infestation of animals with parasitic worms of the helminth class. The infestation may be experimental or veterinary.		02.420
Angiostrongylus Infections
[description not available]		02.4120
Trichostrongyloidiasis
Infection by roundworms of the superfamily TRICHOSTRONGYLOIDEA, including the genera TRICHOSTRONGYLUS; OSTERTAGIA; Cooperia, HAEMONCHUS; Nematodirus, Hyostrongylus, and DICTYOCAULUS.		02.8740
Becker Muscular Dystrophy
[description not available]		02.0310
Muscular Dystrophy, Duchenne
An X-linked recessive muscle disease caused by an inability to synthesize DYSTROPHIN, which is involved with maintaining the integrity of the sarcolemma. Muscle fibers undergo a process that features degeneration and regeneration. Clinical manifestations include proximal weakness in the first few years of life, pseudohypertrophy, cardiomyopathy (see MYOCARDIAL DISEASES), and an increased incidence of impaired mentation. Becker muscular dystrophy is a closely related condition featuring a later onset of disease (usually adolescence) and a slowly progressive course. (Adams et al., Principles of Neurology, 6th ed, p1415)		02.0310
Astrocytosis
[description not available]		02.3820
Anesthesia
A state characterized by loss of feeling or sensation. This depression of nerve function is usually the result of pharmacologic action and is induced to allow performance of surgery or other painful procedures.		05.8890
Shoulder Pain
Unilateral or bilateral pain of the shoulder. It is often caused by physical activities such as work or sports participation, but may also be pathologic in origin.		03.4211
Aschoff Bodies
[description not available]		02.0310
Systolic Heart Failure
[description not available]		02.0410
Heart Failure, Systolic
Heart failure caused by abnormal myocardial contraction during SYSTOLE leading to defective cardiac emptying.		02.0410
Brown Tendon Sheath Syndrome
[description not available]		02.9510
Dental Plaque
A film that attaches to teeth, often causing DENTAL CARIES and GINGIVITIS. It is composed of MUCINS, secreted from salivary glands, and microorganisms.		02.4220
Viral Hepatitis, Human
[description not available]		05.6571
Hepatitis, Viral, Human
INFLAMMATION of the LIVER in humans due to infection by VIRUSES. There are several significant types of human viral hepatitis with infection caused by enteric-transmission (HEPATITIS A; HEPATITIS E) or blood transfusion (HEPATITIS B; HEPATITIS C; and HEPATITIS D).		05.6571
Exophthalmos
Abnormal protrusion of both eyes; may be caused by endocrine gland malfunction, malignancy, injury, or paralysis of the extrinsic muscles of the eye.		01.9310
Episcleritis
[description not available]		02.3620
Myositis, Orbital
[description not available]		01.9310
Scleritis
Refers to any inflammation of the sclera including episcleritis, a benign condition affecting only the episclera, which is generally short-lived and easily treated. Classic scleritis, on the other hand, affects deeper tissue and is characterized by higher rates of visual acuity loss and even mortality, particularly in necrotizing form. Its characteristic symptom is severe and general head pain. Scleritis has also been associated with systemic collagen disease. Etiology is unknown but is thought to involve a local immune response. Treatment is difficult and includes administration of anti-inflammatory and immunosuppressive agents such as corticosteroids. Inflammation of the sclera may also be secondary to inflammation of adjacent tissues, such as the conjunctiva.		02.3620
HMN (Hereditary Motor Neuropathy) Proximal Type I
[description not available]		02.0410
Spinal Muscular Atrophies of Childhood
A group of recessive inherited diseases that feature progressive muscular atrophy and hypotonia. They are classified as type I (Werdnig-Hoffman disease), type II (intermediate form), and type III (Kugelberg-Welander disease). Type I is fatal in infancy, type II has a late infantile onset and is associated with survival into the second or third decade. Type III has its onset in childhood, and is slowly progressive. (J Med Genet 1996 Apr:33(4):281-3)		02.0410
T-Cell Lymphoma
[description not available]		02.0410
Lymphoma, T-Cell
A group of heterogeneous lymphoid tumors representing malignant transformations of T-lymphocytes.		02.0410
Hymenolepiasis
Infection with tapeworms of the genus Hymenolepis.		02.3720
Atrial Septal Defect
[description not available]		02.0410
Altidudinal Hemianopia
[description not available]		02.0410
Embolic Infarction, Posterior Cerebral Artery
[description not available]		02.0410
Lymphatic Diseases
Diseases of LYMPH; LYMPH NODES; or LYMPHATIC VESSELS.		04.4350
Cardiac Rupture, Traumatic
[description not available]		01.9410
Biliary Tract Diseases
Diseases in any part of the BILIARY TRACT including the BILE DUCTS and the GALLBLADDER.		05.9140
Aminoaciduria, Renal
[description not available]		02.3420
Diabetes Insipidus
A disease that is characterized by frequent urination, excretion of large amounts of dilute URINE, and excessive THIRST. Etiologies of diabetes insipidus include deficiency of antidiuretic hormone (also known as ADH or VASOPRESSIN) secreted by the NEUROHYPOPHYSIS, impaired KIDNEY response to ADH, and impaired hypothalamic regulation of thirst.		01.9410
Abscess, Amebic, Hepatic
[description not available]		02.8640
Equine Diseases
[description not available]		02.8640
Hemorrhage, Uterine
[description not available]		02.3620
Uterine Hemorrhage
Bleeding from blood vessels in the UTERUS, sometimes manifested as vaginal bleeding.		02.3620
Amblyopia, Developmental
[description not available]		07.98371
Amblyopia
A nonspecific term referring to impaired vision. Major subcategories include stimulus deprivation-induced amblyopia and toxic amblyopia. Stimulus deprivation-induced amblyopia is a developmental disorder of the visual cortex. A discrepancy between visual information received by the visual cortex from each eye results in abnormal cortical development. STRABISMUS and REFRACTIVE ERRORS may cause this condition. Toxic amblyopia is a disorder of the OPTIC NERVE which is associated with ALCOHOLISM, tobacco SMOKING, and other toxins and as an adverse effect of the use of some medications.		07.98371
Clostridium tetani Infection
[description not available]		05.561
Tetanus
A disease caused by tetanospasmin, a powerful protein toxin produced by CLOSTRIDIUM TETANI. Tetanus usually occurs after an acute injury, such as a puncture wound or laceration. Generalized tetanus, the most common form, is characterized by tetanic muscular contractions and hyperreflexia. Localized tetanus presents itself as a mild condition with manifestations restricted to muscles near the wound. It may progress to the generalized form.		05.561
BCKD Deficiency
[description not available]		04.0330
Ataxia with Lactic Acidosis 2
[description not available]		02.8810
Maple Syrup Urine Disease
An autosomal recessive inherited disorder with multiple forms of phenotypic expression, caused by a defect in the oxidative decarboxylation of branched-chain amino acids (AMINO ACIDS, BRANCHED-CHAIN). These metabolites accumulate in body fluids and render a maple syrup odor. The disease is divided into classic, intermediate, intermittent, and thiamine responsive subtypes. The classic form presents in the first week of life with ketoacidosis, hypoglycemia, emesis, neonatal seizures, and hypertonia. The intermediate and intermittent forms present in childhood or later with acute episodes of ataxia and vomiting. (From Adams et al., Principles of Neurology, 6th ed, p936)		04.0330
Preleukemia
Conditions in which the abnormalities in the peripheral blood or bone marrow represent the early manifestations of acute leukemia, but in which the changes are not of sufficient magnitude or specificity to permit a diagnosis of acute leukemia by the usual clinical criteria.		04.4450
Duodenal Reflux
[description not available]		01.9610
Coagulation, Disseminated Intravascular
[description not available]		02.6430
Antibiotic-Associated Colitis
[description not available]		02.8740
Mitral Incompetence
[description not available]		03.7521
Disseminated Intravascular Coagulation
A disorder characterized by procoagulant substances entering the general circulation causing a systemic thrombotic process. The activation of the clotting mechanism may arise from any of a number of disorders. A majority of the patients manifest skin lesions, sometimes leading to PURPURA FULMINANS.		02.6430
Enterocolitis, Pseudomembranous
An acute inflammation of the INTESTINAL MUCOSA that is characterized by the presence of pseudomembranes or plaques in the SMALL INTESTINE (pseudomembranous enteritis) and the LARGE INTESTINE (pseudomembranous colitis). It is commonly associated with antibiotic therapy and CLOSTRIDIUM DIFFICILE colonization.		02.8740
Mitral Valve Insufficiency
Backflow of blood from the LEFT VENTRICLE into the LEFT ATRIUM due to imperfect closure of the MITRAL VALVE. This can lead to mitral valve regurgitation.		03.7521
Edema, Pulmonary
[description not available]		02.8840
Pulmonary Edema
Excessive accumulation of extravascular fluid in the lung, an indication of a serious underlying disease or disorder. Pulmonary edema prevents efficient PULMONARY GAS EXCHANGE in the PULMONARY ALVEOLI, and can be life-threatening.		02.8840
Carcinoma, Oat Cell
[description not available]		03.3511
Carcinoma, Small Cell
An anaplastic, highly malignant, and usually bronchogenic carcinoma composed of small ovoid cells with scanty neoplasm. It is characterized by a dominant, deeply basophilic nucleus, and absent or indistinct nucleoli. (From Stedman, 25th ed; Holland et al., Cancer Medicine, 3d ed, p1286-7)		03.3511
Kidney Stones
[description not available]		04.2670
Kidney Calculi
Stones in the KIDNEY, usually formed in the urine-collecting area of the kidney (KIDNEY PELVIS). Their sizes vary and most contains CALCIUM OXALATE.		04.2670
Anoxia, Fetal
[description not available]		02.8810
Fetal Hypoxia
Deficient oxygenation of FETAL BLOOD.		02.8810
Besnoitiasis
[description not available]		03.2720
Infections, Nematode
[description not available]		02.8810
Histomoniasis
[description not available]		04.0430
Anguilluliasis
[description not available]		03.7840
Strongyloidiasis
Infection with nematodes of the genus STRONGYLOIDES. The presence of larvae may produce pneumonitis and the presence of adult worms in the intestine could lead to moderate to severe diarrhea.		03.7840
Plant Poisoning
Poisoning by the ingestion of plants or its leaves, berries, roots or stalks. The manifestations in both humans and animals vary in severity from mild to life threatening. In animals, especially domestic animals, it is usually the result of ingesting moldy or fermented forage.		03.3470
Jejunal Diseases
Pathological development in the JEJUNUM region of the SMALL INTESTINE.		03.5830
Clostridioides difficile Infection
[description not available]		02.3620
Bacteroides Infections
Infections with bacteria of the genus BACTEROIDES.		02.3620
Cronobacter Infections
[description not available]		02.3620
Actinomycetales Infections
Infections with bacteria of the order ACTINOMYCETALES.		01.9610
Clostridium Infections
Infections with bacteria of the genus CLOSTRIDIUM and closely related CLOSTRIDIOIDES species.		02.3620
Enterobacteriaceae Infections
Infections with bacteria of the family ENTEROBACTERIACEAE.		02.3620
Congenital Limb Deformities
[description not available]		02.3620
Fra(X) Syndrome
[description not available]		02.6530
Fragile X Syndrome
A condition characterized genotypically by mutation of the distal end of the long arm of the X chromosome (at gene loci FRAXA or FRAXE) and phenotypically by cognitive impairment, hyperactivity, SEIZURES, language delay, and enlargement of the ears, head, and testes. INTELLECTUAL DISABILITY occurs in nearly all males and roughly 50% of females with the full mutation of FRAXA. (From Menkes, Textbook of Child Neurology, 5th ed, p226)		02.6530
Bone Cysts
Benign unilocular lytic areas in the proximal end of a long bone with well defined and narrow endosteal margins. The cysts contain fluid and the cyst walls may contain some giant cells. Bone cysts usually occur in males between the ages 3-15 years.		01.9610
Elliptocytosis, Hereditary
An intrinsic defect of erythrocytes inherited as an autosomal dominant trait. The erythrocytes assume an oval or elliptical shape.		03.5630
Dysgammaglobulinemia
An immunologic deficiency state characterized by selective deficiencies of one or more, but not all, classes of immunoglobulins.		01.9610
Angioimmunoblastic Lymphadenopathy
[description not available]		01.9610
Immunoblastic Lymphadenopathy
A disorder characterized by proliferation of arborizing small vessels, prominent immunoblastic proliferations and amorphous acidophilic interstitial material. Clinical manifestations include fever, sweats, weight loss, generalized lymphadenopathy and frequently hepatosplenomegaly.		01.9610
Gangliocytoma
[description not available]		03.9650
Neoplasms, Nervous System
[description not available]		01.9610
Cystadenocarcinoma
A malignant neoplasm derived from glandular epithelium, in which cystic accumulations of retained secretions are formed. The neoplastic cells manifest varying degrees of anaplasia and invasiveness, and local extension and metastases occur. Cystadenocarcinomas develop frequently in the ovaries, where pseudomucinous and serous types are recognized. (Stedman, 25th ed)		01.9610
Angiohemophilia
[description not available]		02.8710
von Willebrand Diseases
Group of hemorrhagic disorders in which the VON WILLEBRAND FACTOR is either quantitatively or qualitatively abnormal. They are usually inherited as an autosomal dominant trait though rare kindreds are autosomal recessive. Symptoms vary depending on severity and disease type but may include prolonged bleeding time, deficiency of factor VIII, and impaired platelet adhesion.		02.8710
Absence Seizure Disorder
[description not available]		02.3620
Familial Precocious Puberty
[description not available]		01.9610
Epilepsy, Absence
A seizure disorder usually occurring in childhood characterized by rhythmic electrical brain discharges of generalized onset. Clinical features include a sudden cessation of ongoing activity usually without loss of postural tone. Rhythmic blinking of the eyelids or lip smacking frequently accompanies the SEIZURES. The usual duration is 5-10 seconds, and multiple episodes may occur daily. Juvenile absence epilepsy is characterized by the juvenile onset of absence seizures and an increased incidence of myoclonus and tonic-clonic seizures. (Menkes, Textbook of Child Neurology, 5th ed, p736)		02.3620
Puberty, Precocious
Development of SEXUAL MATURATION in boys and girls at a chronological age that is 2.5 standard deviations below the mean age at onset of PUBERTY in the population. This early maturation of the hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal axis results in sexual precocity, elevated serum levels of GONADOTROPINS and GONADAL STEROID HORMONES such as ESTRADIOL and TESTOSTERONE.		01.9610
Brain Swelling
[description not available]		01.9610
Brain Edema
Increased intracellular or extracellular fluid in brain tissue. Cytotoxic brain edema (swelling due to increased intracellular fluid) is indicative of a disturbance in cell metabolism, and is commonly associated with hypoxic or ischemic injuries (see HYPOXIA, BRAIN). An increase in extracellular fluid may be caused by increased brain capillary permeability (vasogenic edema), an osmotic gradient, local blockages in interstitial fluid pathways, or by obstruction of CSF flow (e.g., obstructive HYDROCEPHALUS). (From Childs Nerv Syst 1992 Sep; 8(6):301-6)		01.9610
Necatoriasis
Infection of humans or animals with hookworms of the genus NECATOR. The resulting anemia from this condition is less severe than that from ANCYLOSTOMIASIS.		01.9610
Leukemia L 1210
[description not available]		05.59180
Chromosomal Fragility
[description not available]		01.9610
Delayed Hypersensitivity
[description not available]		03.9650
Genetic Diseases
[description not available]		04.2640
Genetic Diseases, Inborn
Diseases that are caused by genetic mutations present during embryo or fetal development, although they may be observed later in life. The mutations may be inherited from a parent's genome or they may be acquired in utero.		04.2640
Leukemia P388
An experimental lymphocytic leukemia originally induced in DBA/2 mice by painting with methylcholanthrene.		02.6630
Mumps
An acute infectious disease caused by RUBULAVIRUS, spread by direct contact, airborne droplet nuclei, fomites contaminated by infectious saliva, and perhaps urine, and usually seen in children under the age of 15, although adults may also be affected. (From Dorland, 28th ed)		02.6430
Death, Sudden
The abrupt cessation of all vital bodily functions, manifested by the permanent loss of total cerebral, respiratory, and cardiovascular functions.		02.3720
Urinary Calculi
Low-density crystals or stones in any part of the URINARY TRACT. Their chemical compositions often include CALCIUM OXALATE, magnesium ammonium phosphate (struvite), CYSTINE, or URIC ACID.		01.9610
Congenital Hypocupremia
[description not available]		01.9610
Menkes Kinky Hair Syndrome
An inherited disorder of copper metabolism transmitted as an X-linked trait and characterized by the infantile onset of HYPOTHERMIA, feeding difficulties, hypotonia, SEIZURES, bony deformities, pili torti (twisted hair), and severely impaired intellectual development. Defective copper transport across plasma and endoplasmic reticulum membranes results in copper being unavailable for the synthesis of several copper containing enzymes, including PROTEIN-LYSINE 6-OXIDASE; CERULOPLASMIN; and SUPEROXIDE DISMUTASE. Pathologic changes include defects in arterial elastin, neuronal loss, and gliosis. (From Menkes, Textbook of Child Neurology, 5th ed, p125)		01.9610
Erosive Duodenitis
[description not available]		01.9510
Duodenitis
Inflammation of the DUODENUM section of the small intestine (INTESTINE, SMALL). Erosive duodenitis may cause bleeding in the UPPER GI TRACT and PEPTIC ULCER.		01.9510
Reticulum Cell-Like Sarcoma, Yoshida
[description not available]		01.9510
Sickle Cell Trait
The condition of being heterozygous for hemoglobin S.		01.9610
Glial Cell Tumors
[description not available]		02.6730
Glioma
Benign and malignant central nervous system neoplasms derived from glial cells (i.e., astrocytes, oligodendrocytes, and ependymocytes). Astrocytes may give rise to astrocytomas (ASTROCYTOMA) or glioblastoma multiforme (see GLIOBLASTOMA). Oligodendrocytes give rise to oligodendrogliomas (OLIGODENDROGLIOMA) and ependymocytes may undergo transformation to become EPENDYMOMA; CHOROID PLEXUS NEOPLASMS; or colloid cysts of the third ventricle. (From Escourolle et al., Manual of Basic Neuropathology, 2nd ed, p21)		02.6730
Anus Diseases
Diseases involving the ANUS.		02.3620
Cancer of Duodenum
[description not available]		01.9510
Infections, Nematomorpha
[description not available]		03.0550
Helminthiasis
Infestation with parasitic worms of the helminth class.		08.0550
Abscess, Hepatic
[description not available]		02.3520
Liver Abscess
Solitary or multiple collections of PUS within the liver as a result of infection by bacteria, protozoa, or other agents.		02.3520
Temporomandibular Disorders
[description not available]		01.9810
Temporomandibular Joint Disorders
A variety of conditions affecting the anatomic and functional characteristics of the temporomandibular joint. Factors contributing to the complexity of temporomandibular diseases are its relation to dentition and mastication and the symptomatic effects in other areas which account for referred pain to the joint and the difficulties in applying traditional diagnostic procedures to temporomandibular joint pathology where tissue is rarely obtained and x-rays are often inadequate or nonspecific. Common diseases are developmental abnormalities, trauma, subluxation, luxation, arthritis, and neoplasia. (From Thoma's Oral Pathology, 6th ed, pp577-600)		01.9810
Adnexitis
Inflammation of the uterine appendages (ADNEXA UTERI) including infection of the FALLOPIAN TUBES (SALPINGITIS), the ovaries (OOPHORITIS), or the supporting ligaments (PARAMETRITIS).		02.3620
Biliary or Urinary Stones
[description not available]		01.9810
Infection, Postoperative Wound
[description not available]		03.5830
Cyst, Lymphatic
[description not available]		01.9810
Pelvic Inflammatory Disease
A spectrum of inflammation involving the female upper genital tract and the supporting tissues. It is usually caused by an ascending infection of organisms from the endocervix. Infection may be confined to the uterus (ENDOMETRITIS), the FALLOPIAN TUBES; (SALPINGITIS); the ovaries (OOPHORITIS), the supporting ligaments (PARAMETRITIS), or may involve several of the above uterine appendages. Such inflammation can lead to functional impairment and infertility.		02.3620
Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome
[description not available]		07.56182
Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome
An acquired defect of cellular immunity associated with infection by the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), a CD4-positive T-lymphocyte count under 200 cells/microliter or less than 14% of total lymphocytes, and increased susceptibility to opportunistic infections and malignant neoplasms. Clinical manifestations also include emaciation (wasting) and dementia. These elements reflect criteria for AIDS as defined by the CDC in 1993.		07.56182
Cryptosporidium Infection
[description not available]		02.6830
Cryptosporidiosis
Intestinal infection with organisms of the genus CRYPTOSPORIDIUM. It occurs in both animals and humans. Symptoms include severe DIARRHEA.		02.6830
Cerebral Malaria
[description not available]		01.9810
Adenomatous Polyposis Coli, Familial
[description not available]		02.3920
Adenomatous Polyposis Coli
A polyposis syndrome due to an autosomal dominant mutation of the APC genes (GENES, APC) on CHROMOSOME 5. The syndrome is characterized by the development of hundreds of ADENOMATOUS POLYPS in the COLON and RECTUM of affected individuals by early adulthood.		02.3920
Bezoars
Concretions of swallowed hair, fruit or vegetable fibers, or similar substances found in the alimentary canal.		02.3920
Dermatitis, Occupational
A recurrent contact dermatitis caused by substances found in the work place.		02.3720
Seasonal Affective Disorders
[description not available]		03.3711
Seasonal Affective Disorder
A syndrome characterized by depressions that recur annually at the same time each year, usually during the winter months. Other symptoms include anxiety, irritability, decreased energy, increased appetite (carbohydrate cravings), increased duration of sleep, and weight gain. SAD (seasonal affective disorder) can be treated by daily exposure to bright artificial lights (PHOTOTHERAPY), during the season of recurrence.		03.3711
Ataxias, Hereditary
[description not available]		01.9810
Prosthesis Durability
[description not available]		01.9810
Anemia With Multinucleated Erythroblasts
[description not available]		02.6730
Muscular Dystrophy, Animal
MUSCULAR DYSTROPHY that occurs in VERTEBRATE animals.		01.9810
Diverticulitis
Inflammation of a DIVERTICULUM or diverticula.		02.6530
Hematuria
Presence of blood in the urine.		02.6530
Anaplastic Astrocytoma
[description not available]		02.6730
Astrocytoma
Neoplasms of the brain and spinal cord derived from glial cells which vary from histologically benign forms to highly anaplastic and malignant tumors. Fibrillary astrocytomas are the most common type and may be classified in order of increasing malignancy (grades I through IV). In the first two decades of life, astrocytomas tend to originate in the cerebellar hemispheres; in adults, they most frequently arise in the cerebrum and frequently undergo malignant transformation. (From Devita et al., Cancer: Principles and Practice of Oncology, 5th ed, pp2013-7; Holland et al., Cancer Medicine, 3d ed, p1082)		02.6730
Trypanosomiasis
Infection with protozoa of the genus TRYPANOSOMA.		01.9810
Enzootic Ataxia
[description not available]		01.9810
Drug Abuse, Intravenous
[description not available]		02.3820
Blast Phase
[description not available]		02.3820
Blast Crisis
An advanced phase of chronic myelogenous leukemia, characterized by a rapid increase in the proportion of immature white blood cells (blasts) in the blood and bone marrow to greater than 30%.		02.3820
Injuries, Multiple
[description not available]		01.9810
Acute Promyelocytic Leukemia
[description not available]		02.3820
Leukemia, Promyelocytic, Acute
An acute myeloid leukemia in which abnormal PROMYELOCYTES predominate. It is frequently associated with DISSEMINATED INTRAVASCULAR COAGULATION.		02.3820
Adult Rickets
[description not available]		03.5590
Osteomalacia
Disorder caused by an interruption of the mineralization of organic bone matrix leading to bone softening, bone pain, and weakness. It is the adult form of rickets resulting from disruption of VITAMIN D; PHOSPHORUS; or CALCIUM homeostasis.		03.5590
Fat Necrosis
A condition in which the death of adipose tissue results in neutral fats being split into fatty acids and glycerol.		01.9810
Granulomas
[description not available]		01.9810
Granuloma
A relatively small nodular inflammatory lesion containing grouped mononuclear phagocytes, caused by infectious and noninfectious agents.		01.9810
Acquired-Immune Deficiency Syndrome Dementia Complex
[description not available]		03.5930
AIDS Dementia Complex
A neurologic condition associated with the ACQUIRED IMMUNODEFICIENCY SYNDROME and characterized by impaired concentration and memory, slowness of hand movements, ATAXIA, incontinence, apathy, and gait difficulties associated with HIV-1 viral infection of the central nervous system. Pathologic examination of the brain reveals white matter rarefaction, perivascular infiltrates of lymphocytes, foamy macrophages, and multinucleated giant cells. (From Adams et al., Principles of Neurology, 6th ed, pp760-1; N Engl J Med, 1995 Apr 6;332(14):934-40)		03.5930
Lysosomal Enzyme Disorders
[description not available]		03.320
Myoglobinuria
The presence of MYOGLOBIN in URINE usually as a result of rhabdomyolysis.		02.910
Stomatitis, Denture
Inflammation of the mouth due to denture irritation.		01.9810
Female Genital Diseases
[description not available]		03.7521
Genital Diseases, Female
Pathological processes involving the female reproductive tract (GENITALIA, FEMALE).		03.7521
AIDS Enteropathy
[description not available]		01.9910
Yolk Sac Tumor
[description not available]		01.9910
Endodermal Sinus Tumor
An unusual and aggressive tumor of germ-cell origin that reproduces the extraembryonic structures of the early embryo. It is the most common malignant germ cell tumor found in children. It is characterized by a labyrinthine glandular pattern of flat epithelial cells and rounded papillary processes with a central capillary (Schiller-Duval body). The tumor is rarely bilateral. Before the use of combination chemotherapy, the tumor was almost invariably fatal. (From DeVita Jr et al., Cancer: Principles & Practice of Oncology, 3d ed, p1189)		01.9910
BOOP
[description not available]		02.910
AIDS Wasting Syndrome
[description not available]		01.9910
HIV Wasting Syndrome
Involuntary weight loss of greater than 10 percent associated with intermittent or constant fever and chronic diarrhea or fatigue for more than 30 days in the absence of a defined cause other than HIV infection. A constant feature is major muscle wasting with scattered myofiber degeneration. A variety of etiologies, which vary among patients, contributes to this syndrome. (From Harrison's Principles of Internal Medicine, 13th ed, p1611).		01.9910
Carditis
[description not available]		03.0450
Myocarditis
Inflammatory processes of the muscular walls of the heart (MYOCARDIUM) which result in injury to the cardiac muscle cells (MYOCYTES, CARDIAC). Manifestations range from subclinical to sudden death (DEATH, SUDDEN). Myocarditis in association with cardiac dysfunction is classified as inflammatory CARDIOMYOPATHY usually caused by INFECTION, autoimmune diseases, or responses to toxic substances. Myocarditis is also a common cause of DILATED CARDIOMYOPATHY and other cardiomyopathies.		03.0450
Flushing
A transient reddening of the face that may be due to fever, certain drugs, exertion, or stress.		02.910
Prognathism
A condition marked by abnormal protrusion of the mandible. (Dorland, 27th ed)		02.910
Dermatitis, Contact, Photoallergic
[description not available]		01.9910
Encephalitis, JC Polyomavirus
[description not available]		02.420
Leukoencephalopathy, Progressive Multifocal
An opportunistic viral infection of the central nervous system associated with conditions that impair cell-mediated immunity (e.g., ACQUIRED IMMUNODEFICIENCY SYNDROME and other IMMUNOLOGIC DEFICIENCY SYNDROMES; HEMATOLOGIC NEOPLASMS; IMMUNOSUPPRESSION; and COLLAGEN DISEASES). The causative organism is JC Polyomavirus (JC VIRUS) which primarily affects oligodendrocytes, resulting in multiple areas of demyelination. Clinical manifestations include DEMENTIA; ATAXIA; visual disturbances; and other focal neurologic deficits, generally progressing to a vegetative state within 6 months. (From Joynt, Clinical Neurology, 1996, Ch26, pp36-7)		02.420
Johne Disease
[description not available]		01.9910
Aortic Diseases
Pathological processes involving any part of the AORTA.		02.6630
Interstitial Cell Tumor
[description not available]		01.9910
Crow-Fukase Syndrome
[description not available]		01.9910
POEMS Syndrome
A multisystemic disorder characterized by a sensorimotor polyneuropathy (POLYNEUROPATHIES), organomegaly, endocrinopathy, monoclonal gammopathy, and pigmentary skin changes. Other clinical features which may be present include EDEMA; CACHEXIA; microangiopathic glomerulopathy; pulmonary hypertension (HYPERTENSION, PULMONARY); cutaneous necrosis; THROMBOCYTOSIS; and POLYCYTHEMIA. This disorder is frequently associated with osteosclerotic myeloma. (From Adams et al., Principles of Neurology, 6th ed, p1335; Rev Med Interne 1997;18(7):553-62)		01.9910
Anochlesia
[description not available]		01.9910
Aseptic Meningitis
[description not available]		01.9910
Meningitis, Tuberculous
[description not available]		02.3720
Meningitis, Aseptic
A syndrome characterized by headache, neck stiffness, low grade fever, and CSF lymphocytic pleocytosis in the absence of an acute bacterial pathogen. Viral meningitis is the most frequent cause although MYCOPLASMA INFECTIONS; RICKETTSIA INFECTIONS; diagnostic or therapeutic procedures; NEOPLASTIC PROCESSES; septic perimeningeal foci; and other conditions may result in this syndrome. (From Adams et al., Principles of Neurology, 6th ed, p745)		01.9910
Tuberculosis, Meningeal
A form of bacterial meningitis caused by MYCOBACTERIUM TUBERCULOSIS or rarely MYCOBACTERIUM BOVIS. The organism seeds the meninges and forms microtuberculomas which subsequently rupture. The clinical course tends to be subacute, with progressions occurring over a period of several days or longer. Headache and meningeal irritation may be followed by SEIZURES, cranial neuropathies, focal neurologic deficits, somnolence, and eventually COMA. The illness may occur in immunocompetent individuals or as an OPPORTUNISTIC INFECTION in the ACQUIRED IMMUNODEFICIENCY SYNDROME and other immunodeficiency syndromes. (From Adams et al., Principles of Neurology, 6th ed, pp717-9)		02.3720
Happy Puppet Syndrome
[description not available]		01.9910
Angelman Syndrome
A syndrome characterized by multiple abnormalities, MENTAL RETARDATION, and movement disorders. Present usually are skull and other abnormalities, frequent infantile spasms (SPASMS, INFANTILE); easily provoked and prolonged paroxysms of laughter (hence happy); jerky puppetlike movements (hence puppet); continuous tongue protrusion; motor retardation; ATAXIA; MUSCLE HYPOTONIA; and a peculiar facies. It is associated with maternal deletions of chromosome 15q11-13 and other genetic abnormalities. (From Am J Med Genet 1998 Dec 4;80(4):385-90; Hum Mol Genet 1999 Jan;8(1):129-35)		01.9910
Rachitis
[description not available]		04.4450
Graft Occlusion, Vascular
Obstruction of flow in biological or prosthetic vascular grafts.		01.9910
Acid-Base Imbalance
Disturbances in the ACID-BASE EQUILIBRIUM of the body.		01.9910
Hearing Loss, Functional
Hearing loss without a physical basis. Often observed in patients with psychological or behavioral disorders.		03.3811
Postpartum Amenorrhea
[description not available]		0210
Amenorrhea
Absence of menstruation.		0210
Pregnancy in Diabetes
[description not available]		0210
Maternal Phenylalanine Hydroxylase Deficiency Disease
[description not available]		0210
Benign Familial Infantile Convulsions
[description not available]		0210
Adhesions, Tissue
[description not available]		02.3720
B. burgdorferi Infection
[description not available]		02.9110
Lyme Disease
An infectious disease caused by a spirochete, BORRELIA BURGDORFERI, which is transmitted chiefly by Ixodes dammini (see IXODES) and pacificus ticks in the United States and Ixodes ricinis (see IXODES) in Europe. It is a disease with early and late cutaneous manifestations plus involvement of the nervous system, heart, eye, and joints in variable combinations. The disease was formerly known as Lyme arthritis and first discovered at Old Lyme, Connecticut.		02.9110
Muscle Relaxation
That phase of a muscle twitch during which a muscle returns to a resting position.		0210
Optic Atrophy
Atrophy of the optic disk which may be congenital or acquired. This condition indicates a deficiency in the number of nerve fibers which arise in the RETINA and converge to form the OPTIC DISK; OPTIC NERVE; OPTIC CHIASM; and optic tracts. GLAUCOMA; ISCHEMIA; inflammation, a chronic elevation of intracranial pressure, toxins, optic nerve compression, and inherited conditions (see OPTIC ATROPHIES, HEREDITARY) are relatively common causes of this condition.		06.33151
Presbycusis
Gradual bilateral hearing loss associated with aging that is due to progressive degeneration of cochlear structures and central auditory pathways. Hearing loss usually begins with the high frequencies then progresses to sounds of middle and low frequencies.		0210
Obstructive Lung Diseases
[description not available]		02.3720
Lung Diseases, Obstructive
Any disorder marked by obstruction of conducting airways of the lung. AIRWAY OBSTRUCTION may be acute, chronic, intermittent, or persistent.		02.3720
Autoimmune Demyelinating Diseases, Central Nervous System
[description not available]		0210
Chromosomal Breakage
[description not available]		0210
Angiitis
[description not available]		0210
Vasculitis
Inflammation of any one of the blood vessels, including the ARTERIES; VEINS; and rest of the vasculature system in the body.		0210
Ear Diseases
Pathological processes of the ear, the hearing, and the equilibrium system of the body.		02.9210
Wasting Disease
[description not available]		03.3911
Gastric Stasis
[description not available]		0210
Gastroparesis
Chronic delayed gastric emptying. Gastroparesis may be caused by motor dysfunction or paralysis of STOMACH muscles or may be associated with other systemic diseases such as DIABETES MELLITUS.		0210
Osteophytosis, Spinal
[description not available]		04.0431
Adult Spinal Muscular Atrophy
[description not available]		02.9110
Muscular Atrophy, Spinal
A group of disorders marked by progressive degeneration of motor neurons in the spinal cord resulting in weakness and muscular atrophy, usually without evidence of injury to the corticospinal tracts. Diseases in this category include Werdnig-Hoffmann disease and later onset SPINAL MUSCULAR ATROPHIES OF CHILDHOOD, most of which are hereditary. (Adams et al., Principles of Neurology, 6th ed, p1089)		02.9110
Myelomonocytic Leukemia, Chronic
[description not available]		0210
Leukemia, Myelomonocytic, Chronic
A myelodysplastic-myeloproliferative disease characterized by monocytosis, increased monocytes in the bone marrow, variable degrees of dysplasia, but an absence of immature granulocytes in the blood.		0210
Calculus, Dental
[description not available]		0210
Pouch Ileitis
[description not available]		0210
Pouchitis
Acute INFLAMMATION in the INTESTINAL MUCOSA of the continent ileal reservoir (or pouch) in patients who have undergone ILEOSTOMY and restorative proctocolectomy (PROCTOCOLECTOMY, RESTORATIVE).		0210
Ciguatera
[description not available]		0210
Ciguatera Poisoning
Poisoning caused by ingestion of SEAFOOD containing microgram levels of CIGUATOXINS. The poisoning is characterized by gastrointestinal, neurological and cardiovascular disturbances.		0210
Enterobiasis
Infection with nematodes of the genus ENTEROBIUS; E. vermicularis, the pinworm of man, causes a crawling sensation and pruritus. This condition results in scratching the area, occasionally causing scarification.		02.0110
Neutrophilic Leukemia, Chronic
[description not available]		0210
Leukemia, Neutrophilic, Chronic
A rare myeloproliferative disorder that is characterized by a sustained, mature neutrophilic leukocytosis. No monocytosis, EOSINOPHILIA, or basophilia is present, nor is there a PHILADELPHIA CHROMOSOME or bcr-abl fusion gene (GENES, ABL).		0210
Alveolalgia
[description not available]		02.0110
Tachyarrhythmia
[description not available]		03.2720
Tachycardia
Abnormally rapid heartbeat, usually with a HEART RATE above 100 beats per minute for adults. Tachycardia accompanied by disturbance in the cardiac depolarization (cardiac arrhythmia) is called tachyarrhythmia.		03.2720
Lipodystrophy, Intestinal
[description not available]		05.4131
Duhring Disease
[description not available]		05.11180
Dermatitis Herpetiformis
Rare, chronic, papulo-vesicular disease characterized by an intensely pruritic eruption consisting of various combinations of symmetrical, erythematous, papular, vesicular, or bullous lesions. The disease is strongly associated with the presence of HLA-B8 and HLA-DR3 antigens. A variety of different autoantibodies has been detected in small numbers in patients with dermatitis herpetiformis.		05.11180
Alcoholic Fatty Liver
[description not available]		04.632
Polyuria
Urination of a large volume of urine with an increase in urinary frequency, commonly seen in diabetes (DIABETES MELLITUS; DIABETES INSIPIDUS).		01.9510
Hydrophobia
[description not available]		02.3520
Fibromatosis
[description not available]		01.9510
Angioma, Cavernous
A tumor-like mass with large vascular space that is filled with blood or lymph.		01.9510
Atypical Lipoma
[description not available]		01.9510
Fibroma
A benign tumor of fibrous or fully developed connective tissue.		01.9510
Lipoma
A benign tumor composed of fat cells (ADIPOCYTES). It can be surrounded by a thin layer of connective tissue (encapsulated), or diffuse without the capsule.		01.9510
Athletic Injuries
Injuries incurred during participation in competitive or non-competitive sports.		02.3620
Pain, Intractable
Persistent pain that is refractory to some or all forms of treatment.		04.0331
Foot Injuries
General or unspecified injuries involving the foot.		01.9510
Leukemia, Acute Monocytic
[description not available]		02.8640
Leukemia, Monocytic, Acute
An acute myeloid leukemia in which 80% or more of the leukemic cells are of monocytic lineage including monoblasts, promonocytes, and MONOCYTES.		02.8640
Chancre
The primary sore of syphilis, a painless indurated, eroded papule, occurring at the site of entry of the infection.		03.3411
Aortic Incompetence
[description not available]		03.7421
Aortic Valve Insufficiency
Pathological condition characterized by the backflow of blood from the ASCENDING AORTA back into the LEFT VENTRICLE, leading to regurgitation. It is caused by diseases of the AORTIC VALVE or its surrounding tissue (aortic root).		03.7421
Anemia, Hemolytic, Hereditary
[description not available]		05.2770
Anemia, Hemolytic, Congenital
Hemolytic anemia due to various intrinsic defects of the erythrocyte.		05.2770
Cardiac Neurosis
[description not available]		01.9510
Carcinoma, Krebs 2
A transplantable neoplasm of mice.		01.9510
Sarcoma 37
An experimental sarcoma of mice.		01.9510
Thoracic Diseases
Disorders affecting the organs of the thorax.		01.9510
Hypergammaglobulinemia
An excess of GAMMA-GLOBULINS in the serum due to chronic infections or PARAPROTEINEMIAS.		01.9510
Diseases of Pharynx
[description not available]		01.9510
Cancer of ILEUM
[description not available]		01.9510
Icterus Gravis Neonatorum
[description not available]		02.6430
Jaundice, Neonatal
Yellow discoloration of the SKIN; MUCOUS MEMBRANE; and SCLERA in the NEWBORN. It is a sign of NEONATAL HYPERBILIRUBINEMIA. Most cases are transient self-limiting (PHYSIOLOGICAL NEONATAL JAUNDICE) occurring in the first week of life, but some can be a sign of pathological disorders, particularly LIVER DISEASES.		02.6430
Keratoderma Blennorrhagicum
[description not available]		02.3520
Keratosis
Any horny growth such as a wart or callus.		02.3520
Classic Galactosemia
[description not available]		02.8710
Galactosemias
A group of inherited enzyme deficiencies which feature elevations of GALACTOSE in the blood. This condition may be associated with deficiencies of GALACTOKINASE; UDPGLUCOSE-HEXOSE-1-PHOSPHATE URIDYLYLTRANSFERASE; or UDPGLUCOSE 4-EPIMERASE. The classic form is caused by UDPglucose-Hexose-1-Phosphate Uridylyltransferase deficiency, and presents in infancy with FAILURE TO THRIVE; VOMITING; and INTRACRANIAL HYPERTENSION. Affected individuals also may develop MENTAL RETARDATION; JAUNDICE; hepatosplenomegaly; ovarian failure (PRIMARY OVARIAN INSUFFICIENCY); and cataracts. (From Menkes, Textbook of Child Neurology, 5th ed, pp61-3)		02.8710
Carcinoma, Bronchial
[description not available]		02.3520
Carcinoma, Bronchogenic
Malignant neoplasm arising from the epithelium of the BRONCHI. It represents a large group of epithelial lung malignancies which can be divided into two clinical groups: SMALL CELL LUNG CANCER and NON-SMALL-CELL LUNG CARCINOMA.		02.3520
Gangrene
Death and putrefaction of tissue usually due to a loss of blood supply.		02.6430
Glandular Fever
[description not available]		02.3520
Infectious Mononucleosis
A common, acute infection usually caused by the Epstein-Barr virus (HERPESVIRUS 4, HUMAN). There is an increase in mononuclear white blood cells and other atypical lymphocytes, generalized lymphadenopathy, splenomegaly, and occasionally hepatomegaly with hepatitis.		02.3520
Complications, Labor
[description not available]		05.3551
Heart Valve Diseases
Pathological conditions involving any of the various HEART VALVES and the associated structures (PAPILLARY MUSCLES and CHORDAE TENDINEAE).		01.9510
Ureteral Calculi
Stones in the URETER that are formed in the KIDNEY. They are rarely more than 5 mm in diameter for larger renal stones cannot enter ureters. They are often lodged at the ureteral narrowing and can cause excruciating renal colic.		01.9510
Bladder Calculi
[description not available]		01.9510
Erythema Migrans, Lingual
[description not available]		01.9510
Epulides
[description not available]		02.3620
Lip Diseases
Diseases involving the LIP.		01.9510
Gingival Diseases
Diseases involving the GINGIVA.		02.3620
Pregnancy, Prolonged
A term used to describe pregnancies that exceed the upper limit of a normal gestational period. In humans, a prolonged pregnancy is defined as one that extends beyond 42 weeks (294 days) after the first day of the last menstrual period (MENSTRUATION), or birth with gestational age of 41 weeks or more.		03.7421
Moniliasis, Oral
[description not available]		01.9510
Candidiasis, Oral
Infection of the mucous membranes of the mouth by a fungus of the genus CANDIDA. (Dorland, 27th ed)		01.9510
Autosomal Recessive Chronic Granulomatous Disease
[description not available]		02.3620
Granulomatous Disease, Chronic
A defect of leukocyte function in which phagocytic cells ingest but fail to digest bacteria, resulting in recurring bacterial infections with granuloma formation. When chronic granulomatous disease is caused by mutations in the CYBB gene, the condition is inherited in an X-linked recessive pattern. When chronic granulomatous disease is caused by CYBA, NCF1, NCF2, or NCF4 gene mutations, the condition is inherited in an autosomal recessive pattern.		02.3620
Cancer of Cecum
[description not available]		01.9510
Colon Diverticula
[description not available]		01.9510
Diverticulum, Colon
A pouch or sac opening from the COLON.		01.9510
Proctitis
INFLAMMATION of the MUCOUS MEMBRANE of the RECTUM, the distal end of the large intestine (INTESTINE, LARGE).		02.3520
Concomitant Strabismus
[description not available]		01.9510
Strabismus
Misalignment of the visual axes of the eyes. In comitant strabismus the degree of ocular misalignment does not vary with the direction of gaze. In noncomitant strabismus the degree of misalignment varies depending on direction of gaze or which eye is fixating on the target. (Miller, Walsh & Hoyt's Clinical Neuro-Ophthalmology, 4th ed, p641)		01.9510
Keloid
A sharply elevated, irregularly shaped, progressively enlarging scar resulting from formation of excessive amounts of collagen in the dermis during connective tissue repair. It is differentiated from a hypertrophic scar (CICATRIX, HYPERTROPHIC) in that the former does not spread to surrounding tissues.		01.9510
Afferent Loop Syndrome
A complication of gastrojejunostomy (BILLROTH II PROCEDURE), a reconstructive GASTROENTEROSTOMY. It is caused by acute (complete) or chronic (intermittent) obstruction of the afferent jejunal loop due to HERNIA, intussusception, kinking, VOLVULUS, etc. It is characterized by PAIN and VOMITING of BILE-stained fluid.		06.9510
Psychophysiologic Disorders
A group of disorders characterized by physical symptoms that are affected by emotional factors and involve a single organ system, usually under AUTONOMIC NERVOUS SYSTEM control. (American Psychiatric Glossary, 1988)		02.3620
Nanism
[description not available]		02.3620
Dwarfism
A genetic or pathological condition that is characterized by short stature and undersize. Abnormal skeletal growth usually results in an adult who is significantly below the average height.		02.3620
Acroosteolysis, Giaccai Type
[description not available]		02.8910
Charcot-Marie-Tooth Disease, Demyelinating, Type 4f
[description not available]		02.8910
Hereditary Sensory and Autonomic Neuropathies
A group of inherited disorders characterized by degeneration of dorsal root and autonomic ganglion cells, and clinically by loss of sensation and autonomic dysfunction. There are five subtypes. Type I features autosomal dominant inheritance and distal sensory involvement. Type II is characterized by autosomal inheritance and distal and proximal sensory loss. Type III is DYSAUTONOMIA, FAMILIAL. Type IV features insensitivity to pain, heat intolerance, and mental deficiency. Type V is characterized by a selective loss of pain with intact light touch and vibratory sensation. (From Joynt, Clinical Neurology, 1995, Ch51, pp142-4)		02.8910
Adjuvant Arthritis
[description not available]		01.9810
Acid Alpha-Glucosidase Deficiency
[description not available]		01.9810
Glycogen Storage Disease Type II
An autosomal recessively inherited glycogen storage disease caused by GLUCAN 1,4-ALPHA-GLUCOSIDASE deficiency. Large amounts of GLYCOGEN accumulate in the LYSOSOMES of skeletal muscle (MUSCLE, SKELETAL); HEART; LIVER; SPINAL CORD; and BRAIN. Three forms have been described: infantile, childhood, and adult. The infantile form is fatal in infancy and presents with hypotonia and a hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (CARDIOMYOPATHY, HYPERTROPHIC). The childhood form usually presents in the second year of life with proximal weakness and respiratory symptoms. The adult form consists of a slowly progressive proximal myopathy. (From Muscle Nerve 1995;3:S61-9; Menkes, Textbook of Child Neurology, 5th ed, pp73-4)		01.9810
Deficiency, Vitamin K
[description not available]		02.3720
Vitamin K Deficiency
A nutritional condition produced by a deficiency of VITAMIN K in the diet, characterized by an increased tendency to hemorrhage (HEMORRHAGIC DISORDERS). Such bleeding episodes may be particularly severe in newborn infants. (From Cecil Textbook of Medicine, 19th ed, p1182)		02.3720
Infections, Yersinia
[description not available]		01.9810
Arthritis, Post-Infectious
[description not available]		01.9810
Arthritis, Reactive
An aseptic, inflammatory arthritis developing secondary to a primary extra-articular infection, most typically of the GASTROINTESTINAL TRACT or UROGENITAL SYSTEM. The initiating trigger pathogens are usually SHIGELLA; SALMONELLA; YERSINIA; CAMPYLOBACTER; or CHLAMYDIA TRACHOMATIS. Reactive arthritis is strongly associated with HLA-B27 ANTIGEN.		01.9810
Acidosis, Renal Tubular, Type I
[description not available]		01.9710
Acidosis, Renal Tubular
A group of genetic disorders of the KIDNEY TUBULES characterized by the accumulation of metabolically produced acids with elevated plasma chloride, hyperchloremic metabolic ACIDOSIS. Defective renal acidification of URINE (proximal tubules) or low renal acid excretion (distal tubules) can lead to complications such as HYPOKALEMIA, hypercalcinuria with NEPHROLITHIASIS and NEPHROCALCINOSIS, and RICKETS.		01.9710
Diabetes, Phosphate
[description not available]		01.9710
Hypophosphatemia, Familial
An inherited condition of abnormally low serum levels of PHOSPHATES (below 1 mg/liter) which can occur in a number of genetic diseases with defective reabsorption of inorganic phosphorus by the PROXIMAL RENAL TUBULES. This leads to phosphaturia, HYPOPHOSPHATEMIA, and disturbances of cellular and organ functions such as those in X-LINKED HYPOPHOSPHATEMIC RICKETS; OSTEOMALACIA; and FANCONI SYNDROME.		01.9710
Biliary Fistula
Abnormal passage in any organ of the biliary tract or between biliary organs and other organs.		03.5730
Common Bile Duct Diseases
Diseases of the COMMON BILE DUCT including the AMPULLA OF VATER and the SPHINCTER OF ODDI.		01.9710
Cytomegalic Inclusion Disease
[description not available]		01.9710
Cytomegalovirus Infections
Infection with CYTOMEGALOVIRUS, characterized by enlarged cells bearing intranuclear inclusions. Infection may be in almost any organ, but the salivary glands are the most common site in children, as are the lungs in adults.		01.9710
Injuries, Knee
[description not available]		01.9710
Knee Injuries
Injuries to the knee or the knee joint.		01.9710
Cot Death
[description not available]		01.9710
Sycosis
[description not available]		02.3620
Folliculitis
Inflammation of follicles, primarily hair follicles.		02.3620
Hyponatremia
Deficiency of sodium in the blood; salt depletion. (Dorland, 27th ed)		02.3620
Apple Peel Small Bowel Syndrome
[description not available]		03.2720
Atypical Ductal Hyperplasia
[description not available]		01.9710
Carcinoma, Intraductal, Noninfiltrating
A noninvasive (noninfiltrating) carcinoma of the breast characterized by a proliferation of malignant epithelial cells confined to the mammary ducts or lobules, without light-microscopy evidence of invasion through the basement membrane into the surrounding stroma.		01.9710
Familial Periodic Paralysis
[description not available]		01.9610
ARC
[description not available]		03.7621
AIDS-Related Complex
A prodromal phase of infection with the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). Laboratory criteria separating AIDS-related complex (ARC) from AIDS include elevated or hyperactive B-cell humoral immune responses, compared to depressed or normal antibody reactivity in AIDS; follicular or mixed hyperplasia in ARC lymph nodes, leading to lymphocyte degeneration and depletion more typical of AIDS; evolving succession of histopathological lesions such as localization of Kaposi's sarcoma, signaling the transition to the full-blown AIDS.		03.7621
Factitious Disorders
Disorders characterized by physical or psychological symptoms that are not real, genuine, or natural.		01.9710
Aspergillus Infection
[description not available]		01.9610
Aspergillosis
Infections with fungi of the genus ASPERGILLUS.		01.9610
Albinism
General term for a number of inherited defects of amino acid metabolism in which there is a deficiency or absence of pigment in the eyes, skin, or hair.		01.9710
Vulvar Diseases
Pathological processes of the VULVA.		01.9710
Inner Ear Disease
[description not available]		02.3620
Labyrinth Diseases
Pathological processes of the inner ear (LABYRINTH) which contains the essential apparatus of hearing (COCHLEA) and balance (SEMICIRCULAR CANALS).		02.3620
Ph 1 Chromosome
[description not available]		01.9610
Lingua Plicata
[description not available]		01.9710
Elaeophoriasis
[description not available]		01.9610
Filariasis
Infections with nematodes of the superfamily FILARIOIDEA. The presence of living worms in the body is mainly asymptomatic but the death of adult worms leads to granulomatous inflammation and permanent fibrosis. Organisms of the genus Elaeophora infect wild elk and domestic sheep causing ischemic necrosis of the brain, blindness, and dermatosis of the face.		01.9610
Alcoholic Hepatitis
[description not available]		01.9710
Hepatitis, Alcoholic
INFLAMMATION of the LIVER due to ALCOHOL ABUSE. It is characterized by NECROSIS of HEPATOCYTES, infiltration by NEUTROPHILS, and deposit of MALLORY BODIES. Depending on its severity, the inflammatory lesion may be reversible or progress to LIVER CIRRHOSIS.		01.9710
Intestinal Lymphangiectasis
[description not available]		01.9710
Ageusia
Complete or severe loss of the subjective sense of taste, frequently accompanied by OLFACTION DISORDERS.		01.9710
Cocarcinogenesis
The combination of two or more different factors in the production of cancer.		01.9610
Antidiuretic Hormone, Inappropriate Secretion
[description not available]		01.9610
Inappropriate ADH Syndrome
A condition of HYPONATREMIA and renal salt loss attributed to overexpansion of BODY FLUIDS resulting from sustained release of ANTIDIURETIC HORMONES which stimulates renal resorption of water. It is characterized by normal KIDNEY function, high urine OSMOLALITY, low serum osmolality, and neurological dysfunction. Etiologies include ADH-producing neoplasms, injuries or diseases involving the HYPOTHALAMUS, the PITUITARY GLAND, and the LUNG. This syndrome can also be drug-induced.		01.9610
Aneurysm, Arteriovenous
[description not available]		01.9610
Cardiac Murmurs
[description not available]		01.9610
Hair Diseases
Diseases affecting the orderly growth and persistence of hair.		01.9610
ENT Diseases
[description not available]		02.3520
Leukemoid Reaction
A peripheral blood picture resembling that of leukemia or indistinguishable from it on the basis of morphologic appearance alone. (Dorland, 27th ed)		02.6430
Fever of Unknown Origin
Fever in which the etiology cannot be ascertained.		01.9410
Abetalipoproteinemia
An autosomal recessive disorder of lipid metabolism. It is caused by mutation of the microsomal triglyceride transfer protein that catalyzes the transport of lipids (TRIGLYCERIDES; CHOLESTEROL ESTERS; PHOSPHOLIPIDS) and is required in the secretion of BETA-LIPOPROTEINS (low density lipoproteins or LDL). Features include defective intestinal lipid absorption, very low serum cholesterol level, and near absent LDL.		05.1460
Xanthoma
[description not available]		03.7420
Diplopia
A visual symptom in which a single object is perceived by the visual cortex as two objects rather than one. Disorders associated with this condition include REFRACTIVE ERRORS; STRABISMUS; OCULOMOTOR NERVE DISEASES; TROCHLEAR NERVE DISEASES; ABDUCENS NERVE DISEASES; and diseases of the BRAIN STEM and OCCIPITAL LOBE.		02.8610
Aprosodia
[description not available]		04.1160
Arthritis, Juvenile Chronic
[description not available]		02.8610
Familial Felty Syndrome
[description not available]		02.8610
Essential Polyarteritis
[description not available]		02.8610
Arthritis, Juvenile
Arthritis in children, with onset before 16 years of age. The terms juvenile rheumatoid arthritis (JRA) and juvenile idiopathic arthritis (JIA) refer to classification systems for chronic arthritis in children. Only one subtype of juvenile arthritis (polyarticular-onset, rheumatoid factor-positive) clinically resembles adult rheumatoid arthritis and is considered its childhood equivalent.		02.8610
Goiter
Enlargement of the THYROID GLAND that may increase from about 20 grams to hundreds of grams in human adults. Goiter is observed in individuals with normal thyroid function (euthyroidism), thyroid deficiency (HYPOTHYROIDISM), or hormone overproduction (HYPERTHYROIDISM). Goiter may be congenital or acquired, sporadic or endemic (GOITER, ENDEMIC).		01.9410
Teeth, Impacted
[description not available]		03.3211
Skin Manifestations
Dermatologic disorders attendant upon non-dermatologic disease or injury.		03.9650
Dupre Syndrome
[description not available]		01.9410
Meningitis, Viral
Viral infections of the leptomeninges and subarachnoid space. TOGAVIRIDAE INFECTIONS; FLAVIVIRIDAE INFECTIONS; RUBELLA; BUNYAVIRIDAE INFECTIONS; ORBIVIRUS infections; PICORNAVIRIDAE INFECTIONS; ORTHOMYXOVIRIDAE INFECTIONS; RHABDOVIRIDAE INFECTIONS; ARENAVIRIDAE INFECTIONS; HERPESVIRIDAE INFECTIONS; ADENOVIRIDAE INFECTIONS; JC VIRUS infections; and RETROVIRIDAE INFECTIONS may cause this form of meningitis. Clinical manifestations include fever, headache, neck pain, vomiting, PHOTOPHOBIA, and signs of meningeal irritation. (From Joynt, Clinical Neurology, 1996, Ch26, pp1-3)		02.3520
Anti-MuSK Myasthenia Gravis
[description not available]		01.9410
Myasthenia Gravis
A disorder of neuromuscular transmission characterized by fatigable weakness of cranial and skeletal muscles with elevated titers of ACETYLCHOLINE RECEPTORS or muscle-specific receptor tyrosine kinase (MuSK) autoantibodies. Clinical manifestations may include ocular muscle weakness (fluctuating, asymmetric, external ophthalmoplegia; diplopia; ptosis; and weakness of eye closure) and extraocular fatigable weakness of facial, bulbar, respiratory, and proximal limb muscles. The disease may remain limited to the ocular muscles (ocular myasthenia). THYMOMA is commonly associated with this condition.		01.9410
Abdominal Cramps
[description not available]		01.9510
Crisis, Thyrotoxic
[description not available]		01.9510
Endothelioma, Lymphatic
[description not available]		01.9510
Lymphangioma
A benign tumor resulting from a congenital malformation of the lymphatic system. Lymphangioendothelioma is a type of lymphangioma in which endothelial cells are the dominant component.		01.9510
alpha-Galactosidase A Deficiency
[description not available]		02.8610
Carbohydrate Metabolism, Inborn Error
[description not available]		03.7840
Mucopolysaccharidosis
[description not available]		02.8610
Polyploid
[description not available]		02.8610
Sphingolipid Storage Diseases
[description not available]		02.8610
Fabry Disease
An X-linked inherited metabolic disease caused by a deficiency of lysosomal ALPHA-GALACTOSIDASE A. It is characterized by intralysosomal accumulation of globotriaosylceramide and other GLYCOSPHINGOLIPIDS in blood vessels throughout the body leading to multi-system complications including renal, cardiac, cerebrovascular, and skin disorders.		02.8610
Mucopolysaccharidoses
Group of lysosomal storage diseases each caused by an inherited deficiency of an enzyme involved in the degradation of glycosaminoglycans (mucopolysaccharides). The diseases are progressive and often display a wide spectrum of clinical severity within one enzyme deficiency.		02.8610
Alcohol Amnestic Disorder
A mental disorder associated with chronic ethanol abuse (ALCOHOLISM) and nutritional deficiencies characterized by short term memory loss, confabulations, and disturbances of attention. (Adams et al., Principles of Neurology, 6th ed, p1139)		01.9510
Nephrosis
Pathological processes of the KIDNEY without inflammatory or neoplastic components. Nephrosis may be a primary disorder or secondary complication of other diseases. It is characterized by the NEPHROTIC SYNDROME indicating the presence of PROTEINURIA and HYPOALBUMINEMIA with accompanying EDEMA.		01.9410
Corridor Disease
[description not available]		01.9410
Tooth Mobility
Horizontal and, to a lesser degree, axial movement of a tooth in response to normal forces, as in occlusion. It refers also to the movability of a tooth resulting from loss of all or a portion of its attachment and supportive apparatus, as seen in periodontitis, occlusal trauma, and periodontosis. (From Jablonski, Dictionary of Dentistry, 1992, p507 & Boucher's Clinical Dental Terminology, 4th ed, p313)		03.3311
Akinetic-Rigid Variant of Huntington Disease
[description not available]		01.9410
Huntington Disease
A familial disorder inherited as an autosomal dominant trait and characterized by the onset of progressive CHOREA and DEMENTIA in the fourth or fifth decade of life. Common initial manifestations include paranoia; poor impulse control; DEPRESSION; HALLUCINATIONS; and DELUSIONS. Eventually intellectual impairment; loss of fine motor control; ATHETOSIS; and diffuse chorea involving axial and limb musculature develops, leading to a vegetative state within 10-15 years of disease onset. The juvenile variant has a more fulminant course including SEIZURES; ATAXIA; dementia; and chorea. (From Adams et al., Principles of Neurology, 6th ed, pp1060-4)		01.9410
Pleurisy
INFLAMMATION of PLEURA, the lining of the LUNG. When PARIETAL PLEURA is involved, there is pleuritic CHEST PAIN.		03.7421
Bronchitis
Inflammation of the large airways in the lung including any part of the BRONCHI, from the PRIMARY BRONCHI to the TERTIARY BRONCHI.		02.3520
Burns
Injuries to tissues caused by contact with heat, steam, chemicals (BURNS, CHEMICAL), electricity (BURNS, ELECTRIC), or the like.		03.0450
Osteomyelitis
INFLAMMATION of the bone as a result of infection. It may be caused by a variety of infectious agents, especially pyogenic (PUS - producing) BACTERIA.		02.3520
Neoplasms, Nerve Tissue
Neoplasms composed of nerve tissue. This concept does not refer to neoplasms located in the nervous system or its component nerves.		03.2620
Spasmophilia
[description not available]		02.6330
Adrenal Cancer
[description not available]		03.0450
Friedreich Disease
[description not available]		02.3520
Friedreich Ataxia
An autosomal recessive disease, usually of childhood onset, characterized pathologically by degeneration of the spinocerebellar tracts, posterior columns, and to a lesser extent the corticospinal tracts. Clinical manifestations include GAIT ATAXIA, pes cavus, speech impairment, lateral curvature of spine, rhythmic head tremor, kyphoscoliosis, congestive heart failure (secondary to a cardiomyopathy), and lower extremity weakness. Most forms of this condition are associated with a mutation in a gene on chromosome 9, at band q13, which codes for the mitochondrial protein frataxin. (From Adams et al., Principles of Neurology, 6th ed, p1081; N Engl J Med 1996 Oct 17;335(16):1169-75) The severity of Friedreich ataxia associated with expansion of GAA repeats in the first intron of the frataxin gene correlates with the number of trinucleotide repeats. (From Durr et al, N Engl J Med 1996 Oct 17;335(16):1169-75)		02.3520
Tuberculosis, Miliary
An acute form of TUBERCULOSIS in which minute tubercles are formed in a number of organs of the body due to dissemination of the bacilli through the blood stream.		01.9410
Infections, Vibrio
[description not available]		01.9410
Bone Tuberculosis
[description not available]		02.3520
Cancer of Mediastinum
[description not available]		03.2720
Neurilemoma
[description not available]		02.8610
Chemodectoma
[description not available]		02.8610
Pheochromocytoma, Extra-Adrenal
[description not available]		02.8610
Clubbed Fingers
[description not available]		02.8610
Acquired Meningocele
[description not available]		02.8610
Mediastinal Neoplasms
Tumors or cancer of the MEDIASTINUM.		03.2720
Neurilemmoma
A neoplasm that arises from SCHWANN CELLS of the cranial, peripheral, and autonomic nerves. Clinically, these tumors may present as a cranial neuropathy, abdominal or soft tissue mass, intracranial lesion, or with spinal cord compression. Histologically, these tumors are encapsulated, highly vascular, and composed of a homogenous pattern of biphasic fusiform-shaped cells that may have a palisaded appearance. (From DeVita Jr et al., Cancer: Principles and Practice of Oncology, 5th ed, pp964-5)		02.8610
Neurofibroma
A moderately firm, benign, encapsulated tumor resulting from proliferation of SCHWANN CELLS and FIBROBLASTS that includes portions of nerve fibers. The tumors usually develop along peripheral or cranial nerves and are a central feature of NEUROFIBROMATOSIS 1, where they may occur intracranially or involve spinal roots. Pathologic features include fusiform enlargement of the involved nerve. Microscopic examination reveals a disorganized and loose cellular pattern with elongated nuclei intermixed with fibrous strands. (From Adams et al., Principles of Neurology, 6th ed, p1016)		02.8610
Pheochromocytoma
A usually benign, well-encapsulated, lobular, vascular tumor of chromaffin tissue of the ADRENAL MEDULLA or sympathetic paraganglia. The cardinal symptom, reflecting the increased secretion of EPINEPHRINE and NOREPINEPHRINE, is HYPERTENSION, which may be persistent or intermittent. During severe attacks, there may be HEADACHE; SWEATING, palpitation, apprehension, TREMOR; PALLOR or FLUSHING of the face, NAUSEA and VOMITING, pain in the CHEST and ABDOMEN, and paresthesias of the extremities. The incidence of malignancy is as low as 5% but the pathologic distinction between benign and malignant pheochromocytomas is not clear. (Dorland, 27th ed; DeVita Jr et al., Cancer: Principles & Practice of Oncology, 3d ed, p1298)		02.8610
Middle Ear Inflammation
[description not available]		02.3520
Otitis Media
Inflammation of the MIDDLE EAR including the AUDITORY OSSICLES and the EUSTACHIAN TUBE.		02.3520
Hypocalcemia
Reduction of the blood calcium below normal. Manifestations include hyperactive deep tendon reflexes, Chvostek's sign, muscle and abdominal cramps, and carpopedal spasm. (Dorland, 27th ed)		07.8640
Glycogenosis
[description not available]		02.3520
Glycogen Storage Disease
A group of inherited metabolic disorders involving the enzymes responsible for the synthesis and degradation of glycogen. In some patients, prominent liver involvement is presented. In others, more generalized storage of glycogen occurs, sometimes with prominent cardiac involvement.		02.3520
Atrophy, Muscle
[description not available]		02.3520
Muscular Atrophy
Derangement in size and number of muscle fibers occurring with aging, reduction in blood supply, or following immobilization, prolonged weightlessness, malnutrition, and particularly in denervation.		02.3520
Night Blindness
Failure or imperfection of vision at night or in dim light, with good vision only on bright days. (Dorland, 27th ed)		01.9510
Cyanosis
A bluish or purplish discoloration of the skin and mucous membranes due to an increase in the amount of deoxygenated hemoglobin in the blood or a structural defect in the hemoglobin molecule.		01.9510
Tonsillitis
Inflammation of the tonsils, especially the PALATINE TONSILS but the ADENOIDS (pharyngeal tonsils) and lingual tonsils may also be involved. Tonsillitis usually is caused by bacterial infection. Tonsillitis may be acute, chronic, or recurrent.		02.3520
Cerebral Concussion
[description not available]		02.3420
Consciousness, Loss of
[description not available]		01.9410
Brain Concussion
A nonspecific term used to describe transient alterations or loss of consciousness following closed head injuries. The duration of UNCONSCIOUSNESS generally lasts a few seconds, but may persist for several hours. Concussions may be classified as mild, intermediate, and severe. Prolonged periods of unconsciousness (often defined as greater than 6 hours in duration) may be referred to as post-traumatic coma (COMA, POST-HEAD INJURY). (From Rowland, Merritt's Textbook of Neurology, 9th ed, p418)		02.3420
Fatigue, Mental
[description not available]		01.9410
Oral Manifestations
Disorders of the mouth attendant upon non-oral disease or injury.		02.6430
Adult Fanconi Syndrome
[description not available]		01.9510
Acrodermatitis
Inflammation involving the skin of the extremities, especially the hands and feet. Several forms are known, some idiopathic and some hereditary. The infantile form is called Gianotti-Crosti syndrome.		03.2720
Amino Acid Transport Disorder, Neutral
[description not available]		02.3520
Amyloidosis
A group of sporadic, familial and/or inherited, degenerative, and infectious disease processes, linked by the common theme of abnormal protein folding and deposition of AMYLOID. As the amyloid deposits enlarge they displace normal tissue structures, causing disruption of function. Various signs and symptoms depend on the location and size of the deposits.		01.9510
Cystinuria
An inherited disorder due to defective reabsorption of CYSTINE and other BASIC AMINO ACIDS by the PROXIMAL RENAL TUBULES. This form of aminoaciduria is characterized by the abnormally high urinary levels of cystine; LYSINE; ARGININE; and ORNITHINE. Mutations involve the amino acid transport protein gene SLC3A1.		02.3520
Dermatophytoses
[description not available]		01.9510
Tinea
Fungal infection of keratinized tissues such as hair, skin and nails. The main causative fungi include MICROSPORUM; TRICHOPHYTON; and EPIDERMOPHYTON.		01.9510
Bruise
[description not available]		01.9510
Injuries, Spinal
[description not available]		01.9510
Contusions
Injuries resulting in hemorrhage, usually manifested in the skin.		01.9510
Catarrh
Inflammation of a mucous membrane with increased flow of mucous in humans or animals. Catarrh is used mostly in a historical context.		01.9510
Common Cold
A catarrhal disorder of the upper respiratory tract, which may be viral or a mixed infection. It generally involves a runny nose, nasal congestion, and sneezing.		01.9510
Dysentery, Shiga bacillus
[description not available]		03.2720
Dysentery, Bacillary
DYSENTERY caused by gram-negative rod-shaped enteric bacteria (ENTEROBACTERIACEAE), most often by the genus SHIGELLA. Shigella dysentery, Shigellosis, is classified into subgroups according to syndrome severity and the infectious species. Group A: SHIGELLA DYSENTERIAE (severest); Group B: SHIGELLA FLEXNERI; Group C: SHIGELLA BOYDII; and Group D: SHIGELLA SONNEI (mildest).		03.2720
Afibrinogenemia, Congenital
[description not available]		01.9410
Afibrinogenemia
A deficiency or absence of FIBRINOGEN in the blood.		01.9410
Infective Endocarditis
[description not available]		01.9410
Endocarditis
Inflammation of the inner lining of the heart (ENDOCARDIUM), the continuous membrane lining the four chambers and HEART VALVES. It is often caused by microorganisms including bacteria, viruses, fungi, and rickettsiae. Left untreated, endocarditis can damage heart valves and become life-threatening.		01.9410
Childhood Torsion Disease
[description not available]		01.9510
Niemann-Pick Disease
[description not available]		01.9510
Spider Veins
[description not available]		01.9510
Dubin-Johnson Syndrome
[description not available]		01.9510
Dominant Hereditary Sensory Neuropathy, Type III
[description not available]		01.9510
Deficiency, Factor 11
[description not available]		01.9510
Dysautonomia, Familial
An autosomal disorder of the peripheral and autonomic nervous systems limited to individuals of Ashkenazic Jewish descent. Clinical manifestations are present at birth and include diminished lacrimation, defective thermoregulation, orthostatic hypotension (HYPOTENSION, ORTHOSTATIC), fixed pupils, excessive SWEATING, loss of pain and temperature sensation, and absent reflexes. Pathologic features include reduced numbers of small diameter peripheral nerve fibers and autonomic ganglion neurons. (From Adams et al., Principles of Neurology, 6th ed, p1348; Nat Genet 1993;4(2):160-4)		01.9510
Niemann-Pick Diseases
A group of autosomal recessive disorders in which harmful quantities of lipids accumulate in the viscera and the central nervous system. They can be caused by deficiencies of enzyme activities (SPHINGOMYELIN PHOSPHODIESTERASE) or defects in intracellular transport, resulting in the accumulation of SPHINGOMYELINS and CHOLESTEROL. There are various subtypes based on their clinical and genetic differences.		01.9510
Telangiectasis
Permanent dilation of preexisting blood vessels (CAPILLARIES; ARTERIOLES; VENULES) creating small focal red lesions, most commonly in the skin or mucous membranes. It is characterized by the prominence of skin blood vessels, such as vascular spiders.		01.9510
Injuries, Whiplash
[description not available]		03.3311
Pemphigus Foliaceus
[description not available]		02.3520
Pemphigus
Group of chronic blistering diseases characterized histologically by ACANTHOLYSIS and blister formation within the EPIDERMIS.		02.3520
Silicotuberculosis
Pulmonary or extrapulmonary infection caused by MYCOBACTERIUM TUBERCULOSIS or nontuberculous mycobacteria in a patient with silicosis.		03.3311
Flatus
[description not available]		01.9510
Flatulence
Production or presence of gas in the gastrointestinal tract which may be expelled through the anus.		01.9510
Franklin Disease
[description not available]		02.8610
Pappataci Fever
[description not available]		03.3311
Erythroplasia
A condition of the mucous membrane characterized by erythematous papular lesions.		01.9410
Hemorrhage, Peptic Ulcer
[description not available]		01.9410
Bleeding Between Periods
[description not available]		01.9410
Metrorrhagia
Abnormal uterine bleeding that is not related to MENSTRUATION, usually in females without regular MENSTRUAL CYCLE. The irregular and unpredictable bleeding usually comes from a dysfunctional ENDOMETRIUM.		01.9410
Phagocyte Bactericidal Dysfunction
Disorders in which phagocytic cells cannot kill ingested bacteria; characterized by frequent recurring infection with formulation of granulomas.		01.9510
Salivary Gland Diseases
Diseases involving the SALIVARY GLANDS.		01.9510
Adenitis
[description not available]		02.3520
Froehlich's Syndrome
[description not available]		01.9510
Kidney Tubular Transport, Inborn Error
[description not available]		01.9510
Abdomen, Acute
A clinical syndrome with acute abdominal pain that is severe, localized, and rapid in onset. Acute abdomen may be caused by a variety of disorders, injuries, or diseases.		01.9510
Abnormalities, Urogenital
[description not available]		03.2620
Leiomyosarcoma, Epithelioid
[description not available]		01.9410
Leiomyosarcoma
A sarcoma containing large spindle cells of smooth muscle. Although it rarely occurs in soft tissue, it is common in the viscera. It is the most common soft tissue sarcoma of the gastrointestinal tract and uterus. The median age of patients is 60 years. (From Dorland, 27th ed; Holland et al., Cancer Medicine, 3d ed, p1865)		01.9410
Fusiform Aneurysm
Elongated, spindle-shaped dilation in the wall of blood vessels, usually large ARTERIES with ATHEROSCLEROSIS.		02.8610
Aneurysm
Pathological outpouching or sac-like dilatation in the wall of any blood vessel (ARTERIES or VEINS) or the heart (HEART ANEURYSM). It indicates a thin and weakened area in the wall which may later rupture. Aneurysms are classified by location, etiology, or other characteristics.		02.8610
Burns, Chemical
Burns caused by contact with or exposure to CAUSTICS or strong ACIDS.		02.8610
Cancer of Mouth
[description not available]		02.8610
Mouth Neoplasms
Tumors or cancer of the MOUTH.		02.8610
Presbyopia
The normal decreasing elasticity of the crystalline lens that leads to loss of accommodation.		03.3311
Opisthorchis felineus Infection
[description not available]		02.6430
Opisthorchiasis
Infection with flukes of the genus Opisthorchis.		02.6430
Christmas Disease
[description not available]		02.8610
Hemophilia B
A deficiency of blood coagulation factor IX inherited as an X-linked disorder. (Also known as Christmas Disease, after the first patient studied in detail, not the holy day.) Historical and clinical features resemble those in classic hemophilia (HEMOPHILIA A), but patients present with fewer symptoms. Severity of bleeding is usually similar in members of a single family. Many patients are asymptomatic until the hemostatic system is stressed by surgery or trauma. Treatment is similar to that for hemophilia A. (From Cecil Textbook of Medicine, 19th ed, p1008)		02.8610
Anal Fistula
[description not available]		01.9410
Keratitis, Ulcerative
[description not available]		01.9410
Corneal Ulcer
Loss of epithelial tissue from the surface of the cornea due to progressive erosion and necrosis of the tissue; usually caused by bacterial, fungal, or viral infection.		01.9410
Pleural Effusion
Presence of fluid in the pleural cavity resulting from excessive transudation or exudation from the pleural surfaces. It is a sign of disease and not a diagnosis in itself.		01.9410
Adjustment Disorder
[description not available]		02.6430
Adjustment Disorders
Maladaptive reactions to identifiable psychosocial stressors occurring within a short time after onset of the stressor. They are manifested by either impairment in social or occupational functioning or by symptoms (depression, anxiety, etc.) that are in excess of a normal and expected reaction to the stressor.		02.6430
Pediculosis
[description not available]		01.9410
Lice Infestations
Parasitic attack or subsistence on the skin by members of the order Phthiraptera, especially on humans by Pediculus humanus of the family Pediculidae. The hair of the head, eyelashes, and pubis is a frequent site of infestation. (From Dorland, 28th ed; Stedman, 26th ed)		01.9410
Edema Disease of Swine
An acute disease of young pigs that is usually associated with weaning. It is characterized clinically by paresis and subcutaneous edema.		01.9410
Allotriophagy
An unusual desire or craving for abnormal foods.		01.9410
Papilloma, Squamous Cell
[description not available]		01.9410
Papilloma
A circumscribed benign epithelial tumor projecting from the surrounding surface; more precisely, a benign epithelial neoplasm consisting of villous or arborescent outgrowths of fibrovascular stroma covered by neoplastic cells. (Stedman, 25th ed)		01.9410
Animal Diseases
Diseases that occur in VERTEBRATE animals.		01.9410
Odontalgia
[description not available]		01.9410
Toothache
Pain in the adjacent areas of the teeth.		01.9410
Cancer, Radiation-Induced
[description not available]		01.9410
Osteogenic Sarcoma
[description not available]		01.9410
Osteosarcoma
A sarcoma originating in bone-forming cells, affecting the ends of long bones. It is the most common and most malignant of sarcomas of the bones, and occurs chiefly among 10- to 25-year-old youths. (From Stedman, 25th ed)		01.9410
Bartonella bacilliformis Infection
[description not available]		01.9410
Infections, Rickettsia
[description not available]		01.9410
Inflammation, Endodontic
[description not available]		01.9410
Sinus Infections
[description not available]		01.9410
Mandibular Neoplasms
Tumors or cancer of the MANDIBLE.		01.9410
Pulpitis
Inflammation of the DENTAL PULP, usually due to bacterial infection in dental caries, tooth fracture, or other conditions causing exposure of the pulp to bacterial invasion. Chemical irritants, thermal factors, hyperemic changes, and other factors may also cause pulpitis.		01.9410
Sinusitis
Inflammation of the NASAL MUCOSA in one or more of the PARANASAL SINUSES.		01.9410
Bronchiectasis
Persistent abnormal dilatation of the bronchi.		01.9410
Slow Virus Diseases
Diseases of viral origin, characterized by incubation periods of months to years, insidious onset of clinical manifestations, and protracted clinical course. Though the disease process is protracted, viral multiplication may not be unusually slow. Conventional viruses produce slow virus diseases such as SUBACUTE SCLEROSING PANENCEPHALITIS, progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy (LEUKOENCEPHALOPATHY, PROGRESSIVE MULTIFOCAL), and AIDS. Diseases produced by unconventional agents were originally considered part of this group. They are now called PRION DISEASES.		01.9410
Respiratory Tract Diseases
Diseases involving the RESPIRATORY SYSTEM.		02.6330
Abscess, Amebic
[description not available]		02.3520
Amebiasis
Infection with any of various amebae. It is an asymptomatic carrier state in most individuals, but diseases ranging from chronic, mild diarrhea to fulminant dysentery may occur.		02.3520
Carcinoma, Thymic
[description not available]		01.9410
Thymoma
A neoplasm originating from thymic tissue, usually benign, and frequently encapsulated. Although it is occasionally invasive, metastases are extremely rare. It consists of any type of thymic epithelial cell as well as lymphocytes that are usually abundant. Malignant lymphomas that involve the thymus, e.g., lymphosarcoma, Hodgkin's disease (previously termed granulomatous thymoma), should not be regarded as thymoma. (From Stedman, 25th ed)		01.9410
Active Hyperemia
[description not available]		01.9410
Hyperemia
The presence of an increased amount of blood in a body part or an organ leading to congestion or engorgement of blood vessels. Hyperemia can be due to increase of blood flow into the area (active or arterial), or due to obstruction of outflow of blood from the area (passive or venous).		01.9410
Arachnoid Membrane Inflammation
[description not available]		01.9410
Adult Premature Aging Syndrome
[description not available]		01.9410
Segond Fracture
[description not available]		01.9410
Tibial Fractures
Fractures of the TIBIA.		01.9410
Ectoparasitic Infestations
Infestations by PARASITES which live on, or burrow into, the surface of their host's EPIDERMIS. Most ectoparasites are ARTHROPODS.		01.9410
Maculopapular Cutaneous Mastocytosis
[description not available]		01.9410
Autotomy Human
[description not available]		01.9410
Acantholytic Dyskeratotic Epidermal Nevi
[description not available]		01.9410
Pityriasis Rubra Pilaris
A chronic skin disease characterized by small follicular papules, disseminated reddish-brown scaly patches, and often, palmoplantar hyperkeratosis. The papules are about the size of a pin and topped by a horny plug.		01.9410
Alveolar Echinococcosis, Hepatic
[description not available]		01.9410
Adrenal Gland Diseases
Pathological processes of the ADRENAL GLANDS.		01.9410
Asphyxia Neonatorum
Respiratory failure in the newborn. (Dorland, 27th ed)		01.9410
Infections, Trichomonas
[description not available]		01.9410
Trichomonas Infections
Infections in birds and mammals produced by various species of Trichomonas.		01.9410
Inferior Dislocation
[description not available]		01.9410
Hyperbilirubinemia, Hereditary
Inborn errors of bilirubin metabolism resulting in excessive amounts of bilirubin in the circulating blood, either because of increased bilirubin production or because of delayed clearance of bilirubin from the blood.		01.9410
Group A Strep Infection
[description not available]		01.9410
Streptococcal Infections
Infections with bacteria of the genus STREPTOCOCCUS.		01.9410
Shock, Surgical
A type of shock that occurs as a result of a surgical procedure.		01.9410
Angiosarcoma
[description not available]		01.9410
Hemangiosarcoma
A rare malignant neoplasm characterized by rapidly proliferating, extensively infiltrating, anaplastic cells derived from blood vessels and lining irregular blood-filled or lumpy spaces. (Stedman, 25th ed)		01.9410
Hysteria
Historical term for a chronic, but fluctuating, disorder beginning in early life and characterized by recurrent and multiple somatic complaints not apparently due to physical illness. This diagnosis is not used in contemporary practice.		01.9410
Pneumoperitoneum
A condition with trapped gas or air in the PERITONEAL CAVITY, usually secondary to perforation of the internal organs such as the LUNG and the GASTROINTESTINAL TRACT, or to recent surgery. Pneumoperitoneum may be purposely introduced to aid radiological examination.		01.9410
Pneumatosis Cystoides Intestinalis
A condition characterized by the presence of multiple gas-filled cysts in the intestinal wall, the submucosa and/or subserosa of the INTESTINE. The majority of the cysts are found in the JEJUNUM and the ILEUM.		01.9410
Spondylitis
Inflammation of the SPINE. This includes both arthritic and non-arthritic conditions.		02.3420
Botulism, Infantile
[description not available]		01.9410
Botulism
A disease caused by potent protein NEUROTOXINS produced by CLOSTRIDIUM BOTULINUM which interfere with the presynaptic release of ACETYLCHOLINE at the NEUROMUSCULAR JUNCTION. Clinical features include abdominal pain, vomiting, acute PARALYSIS (including respiratory paralysis), blurred vision, and DIPLOPIA. Botulism may be classified into several subtypes (e.g., food-borne, infant, wound, and others). (From Adams et al., Principles of Neurology, 6th ed, p1208)		01.9410
Health Care Associated Infection
[description not available]		01.9410
Cross Infection
Any infection which a patient contracts in a health-care institution.		01.9410