cloprostenol profile

Cloprostenol: A synthetic prostaglandin F2alpha analog. The compound has luteolytic effects and is used for the synchronization of estrus in cattle. [Medical Subject Headings (MeSH), National Library of Medicine, extracted Dec-2023]

ID Source	ID
PubMed CID	5311053
CHEMBL ID	37853
CHEBI ID	177470
SCHEMBL ID	123595
MeSH ID	M0004625

Synonym
(z)-7-[(1r,2r,3r,5s)-2-[(e,3r)-4-(3-chlorophenoxy)-3-hydroxybut-1-enyl]-3,5-dihydroxycyclopentyl]hept-5-enoic acid
CHEBI:177470
BRD-K17850764-001-02-6
gtpl1894
einecs 255-028-8
oestrophane
(+-)-cloprostenol
cloprostenolum [inn-latin]
5-heptenoic acid, 7-((1r,2r,3r,5s)-2-((1e,3r)-4-(3-chlorophenoxy)-3-hydroxy-1-butenyl)-3,5-dihydroxycyclopentyl)-, (5z)-rel-
cloprostenol [inn:ban]
5-heptenoic acid, 7-(2-(4-(3-chlorophenoxy)-3-hydroxy-1-butenyl)-3,5-dihydroxycyclopentyl)-, (1-alpha-(z),2-beta-(1e,3r*),3-alpha,5-alpha)- (+-)-
oestrophan
estrophan
estrofan
estrophane
racemic cloprostenol
IDI1_034049
BSPBIO_001579
cloprostenol
NCGC00161343-02
NCGC00161343-01
NCGC00161343-03
HMS1989O21
(z)-7-{(1r,2r,3r,5s)-2-[(e)-(r)-4-(3-chloro-phenoxy)-3-hydroxy-but-1-enyl]-3,5-dihydroxy-cyclopentyl}-hept-5-enoic acid
7-{2-[4-(3-chloro-phenoxy)-3-hydroxy-but-1-enyl]-3,5-dihydroxy-cyclopentyl}-hept-5-enoic acid
bdbm50085910
CHEMBL37853 ,
HMS1791O21
(+)-cloprostenol
54276-21-0
unii-4208238832
(+-)-(z)-7-((1r,2r,3r,5s)-2-((e)-(3r*)-4-(3-chlorophenoxy-3-hydroxy-1-butenyl)-3,5-dihydroxycyclopentyl)-5-heptensaeure
cloprostenolum
AKOS015964975
cloprostenol, (+)-
5-heptenoic acid, 7-((1r,2r,3r,5s)-2-((1e,3r)-4-(3-chlorophenoxy)-3-hydroxy-1-buten-1-yl)-3,5-dihydroxycyclopentyl)-, (5z)-
dalmaprost d
52ejr3y9in ,
16-(m-chlorophenoxy)-17,18,19,20-tetranorprostaglandin f2alpha
dalmazin
5-heptenoic acid, 7-((1r,2r,3r,5s)-2-((1e,3r)-4-(3-chlorophenoxy)-3-hydroxy-1-butenyl)-3,5-dihydroxycyclopentyl)-, (5z)-
r-cloprostenol
unii-52ejr3y9in
16-(m-chlorophenoxy)-17,18,19,20-tetranorprostaglandin f2.alpha.
5-heptenoic acid, 7-(2-(4-(3-chlorophenoxy)-3-hydroxy-1-butenyl)-3,5-dihydroxycyclopentyl)-, (1a(z),2b(1e,3r*),3.alpha.,5.alpha.),- (+/-)-
rel-(5z)-7-((1r,2r,3r,5s)-2-((1e,3r)-4-(3-chlorophenoxy)-3-hydroxy-1-buten-1-yl)-3,5-dihydroxycyclopentyl)-5-heptenoic acid
cloprostenol [mi]
cloprostenol [inn]
(+/-)-cloprostenol
5-heptenoic acid, 7-((1r,2r,3r,5s)-2-((1e,3s)-4-(3-chlorophenoxy)-3-hydroxy-1-buten-1-y))-3,5-dihydroxycyclopentyl)- (5z)-rel-
cloprostenol, (+/-)-
(+/-)-(z)-7-((1r,2r,3r,5s)-2-((e)-(3r*)-4-(m-chlorophenoxy)-3-hydroxy-1-butenyl)-3,5-dihydroxycyclopentyl)-5-heptenoic acid
SCHEMBL123595
DTXSID7048372 ,
CS-7779
AC-24773
HMS3402O21
HMS3648H06
AC-6104
HY-107381
DB11507
Q27076117
100786-10-5
SR-01000946503-1
sr-01000946503
(z)-7-((1r,2r,3r,5s)-2-((r,e)-4-(3-chlorophenoxy)-3-hydroxybut-1-en-1-yl)-3,5-dihydroxycyclopentyl)hept-5-enoic acid
BRD-K17850764-236-03-6
BRD-K17850764-236-08-5
(z)-7-((1r,2r,3r,5s)-2-((r,e)-4-(3-chlorophenoxy)-3-hydroxybut-1-en-1-yl)-3,5-dihydroxycyclopentyl)hept-5-enoicacid
cloprostenol-(+/-)
(+)-16-m-chlorophenoxy tetranor prostaglandin f2alpha
MS-27481
EX-A3213
DTXSID50860575
dtxcid3028346
cloprostenolum (inn-latin)
dalmazin (veterinary)

Excerpt	Reference	Relevance
"D-cloprostenol is a synthetic PGF"	( Effects of d-cloprostenol on different layers and regions of the bovine uterus during the follicular and luteal phases. De Rosa, M; Masciopinto, V; Piccinno, M; Rizzo, A; Sciorsci, RL, 2017)	1.55
"Cloprostenol proved to be a useful tool for the control of parturition in goats, having applications to both general animal husbandry and for the study of mammary development and secretory competence."	( Lactation and fertility in goats after the induction of parturition with an analogue of prostaglandin F2 alpha, cloprostenol. Maule Walker, FM, 1983)	1.2
"Cloprostenol-15-glycal is an analog of natural prostaglandin F2 alpha. "	( Influence of cloprostenol-15-glycal on some hematologic values. Navrátil, L; Pospísil, J; Stanĕk, J, 1990)	2.09

Excerpt	Reference	Relevance
"Cloprostenol has a longer half-life compared with dinoprost, is more resistant to endogenous metabolism, and is maintained in circulation longer."	( Luteolytic effects of cloprostenol sodium in lactating dairy cows treated with G6G/Ovsynch. Martins, JP; Policelli, RK; Pursley, JR, 2011)	1.41
"Cloprostenol has a longer half-life compared with dinoprost, is more resistant to endogenous metabolism, and is maintained in circulation longer."	( Luteolytic effects of cloprostenol sodium in lactating dairy cows treated with G6G/Ovsynch. Martins, JP; Policelli, RK; Pursley, JR, 2011)	1.41

Excerpt	Reference	Relevance
"Cloprostenol short-term treatment on luteal cells was associated only with functional but not structural changes related to luteal regression."	( Cloprostenol, a synthetic analog of prostaglandin F2α induces functional regression in cultured luteal cells of felids†. Braun, BC; Hryciuk, MM; Jewgenow, K, 2021)	2.79
"Cloprostenol treatment on Day 8 had no effect on the intensity of the estrous signs."	( Short estrous cycles and estrous signs after premature ovulations induced with cloprostenol and gonadotropin-releasing hormone in cyclic dairy cows. Huszenicza, G; Kátai, L; Katila, T; Kulcsár, M; Rodríguez-Martínez, H; Taponen, J, 2002)	1.26
"Cloprostenol treatment, in experiment 1, resulted in an increased number of electroejaculation stimuli to penile protrusion, but did not affect the number of stimuli required for semen emission."	( Use of oxytocin and cloprostenol to facilitate semen collection by electroejaculation or transrectal massage in bulls. Amundson, SD; Barth, AD; Brito, LF; Palmer, CW; Waldner, CL, 2004)	1.37
"Cloprostenol treatment at insemination led to a 4.2-fold increase in the ovulation rate in cows inseminated during the warm period."	( Reproductive performance of lactating dairy cows treated with cloprostenol at the time of insemination. Calvo, E; Guijarro, R; López-Béjar, M; López-Gatius, F; Murugavel, K; Santolaria, P; Yániz, JL, 2004)	1.29
"Cloprostenol treatment increased luteal triglycerides and decreased luteal free cholesterol and cholesterol esters within 1 hr after treatment."	( Effects of Cloprostenol administration on neutral lipid and prostaglandin F metabolism by porcine luteal tissue. Guthrie, HD; Waterman, RA, 1984)	1.38
"cloprostenol. The treatments consisted of daily injections of 25 mg feFSH or EPE beginning on Day 6 post ovulation."	( Evaluation of two treatments in superovulation of mares. Agüero, A; Alberio, RH; Barañao, JL; Chaves, MG; Rosas, CA, 1998)	1.02
"Cloprostenol treatment had a significant effect on pregnancy rates (P < 0.01)."	( Effect of periovulatory prostaglandin F2alpha on pregnancy rates and luteal function in the mare. Ababneh, MM; Gregas, M; Madill, S; Ohlgren, AF; Troedsson, MH; Vetscher, N, 2001)	1.03
"Cloprostenol treatment on the 111th day resulting in farrowing on the 112th day leads to a significantly higher rate of piglet mortality after 3 weeks compared with the results after farrowing for control sows that farrowed on the 112th day (Table III); this category of control sows had on previous farrowings proved to have a significantly shorter mean period of gestation, 112.7 days, than that of the sows in the cloprostenol group farrowing on the 112th day which had been 114.3 days on previous farrowings."	( Reproductive efficiency and incidence of MMA after controlled farrowing using a prostaglandin analogue, cloprostenol. Hansen, LH, 1979)	1.2
"Cloprostenol treatment raised circulating concentrations of prolactin in both species during the breeding season, and during anoestrus in red deer only."	( Prostaglandin-induced secretion of oxytocin and prolactin in red (Cervus elaphus) and Pere David's (Elaphurus davidianus) deer hinds: evidence for oxytocin of luteal origin. Brinklow, BR; Flint, AP; Loudon, AS; McCann, TJ; Sheldrick, EL, 1991)	1
"Cloprostenol treatment in the mid-luteal phase resulted in apparently normal luteal regression and re-ovulation, but luteal phase FSH concentrations and follicular phase LH concentrations were elevated in the immunized ewes, although surge levels of both hormones were unaffected."	( Effect of active immunization against oxytocin on gonadotrophin secretion and the establishment of pregnancy in the ewe. Ayad, VJ; McGoff, SA; Morgan, KL; Wathes, DC, 1989)	1
"Treatment with cloprostenol, a prostaglandin synthetic analogue, was evaluated in five queens with open-cervix pyometra. "	( Cloprostenol treatment of feline open-cervix pyometra. de la Sota, RL; García Mitacek, MC; Nuñez Favre, R; Stornelli, MA; Stornelli, MC; Tittarelli, CM, 2014)	2.2
"Treatment with cloprostenol significantly decreased calving to conception and calving to first observed estrus intervals."	( Reproductive performance in dairy cows following postpartum treatment with gonadotrophin releasing hormone and/or prostaglandin: a field trial. Bosu, WT; Cote, JF; Doig, PA; Etherington, WG; Leslie, KE; Martin, SW, 1984)	0.61
"Treatment with cloprostenol and with 10 + 10 mg of dinoprost tromethamine caused more gilts to abort (P less than 0.01) than did treatment with 20 mg of dinoprost tromethamine."	( Prostaglandin-induced abortion in swine: endocrine changes and influence on subsequent reproductive activity. Almond, GW; Dial, GD; Pressing, AL; Robison, OW; Stroud, CM, 1987)	0.61
"2, treatment with cloprostenol markedly reduced peripheral concentrations of progesterone and also removed the effect of oestradiol."	( Effects of progesterone, oestradiol benzoate and cloprostenol on luteal function in the heifer. Moore, NW; Munro, RK, 1985)	0.85

Excerpt	Reference	Relevance
" Both treatment regimens were safe and well tolerated, with no significant between-group differences in reports of specific adverse events."	( Efficacy and safety of bimatoprost in patients with elevated intraocular pressure: a 30-day comparison with latanoprost. Cooke, D; Dirks, M; DuBiner, H; Felix, C; Stewart, WC; VanDenburgh, AM, 2001)	0.31
"03% provided better diurnal IOP control than latanoprost and was safe and well tolerated in patients with ocular hypertension and glaucoma."	( Efficacy and safety of bimatoprost in patients with elevated intraocular pressure: a 30-day comparison with latanoprost. Cooke, D; Dirks, M; DuBiner, H; Felix, C; Stewart, WC; VanDenburgh, AM, 2001)	0.31
" Safety parameters included adverse events, hyperemia grading, laser flare meter analysis, heart rate, and blood pressure."	( Comparison of the ocular hypotensive lipid AGN 192024 with timolol: dosing, efficacy, and safety evaluation of a novel compound for glaucoma management. Batoosingh, A; Cheetham, J; David, R; Felix, C; Laibovitz, RA; Rosenthal, A; VanDenburgh, AM, 2001)	0.31
" All treatment regimens were safe and well tolerated, with no clinically significant effects on heart rate or blood pressure and no between-group differences in the incidence of adverse events."	( Comparison of the ocular hypotensive lipid AGN 192024 with timolol: dosing, efficacy, and safety evaluation of a novel compound for glaucoma management. Batoosingh, A; Cheetham, J; David, R; Felix, C; Laibovitz, RA; Rosenthal, A; VanDenburgh, AM, 2001)	0.31
" AGN 192024 was safe and well tolerated, and it provided superior ocular hypotensive efficacy and diurnal IOP control compared with timolol in patients with ocular hypertension and glaucoma."	( Comparison of the ocular hypotensive lipid AGN 192024 with timolol: dosing, efficacy, and safety evaluation of a novel compound for glaucoma management. Batoosingh, A; Cheetham, J; David, R; Felix, C; Laibovitz, RA; Rosenthal, A; VanDenburgh, AM, 2001)	0.31
" Adverse events were recorded at each visit."	( Concomitant administration of travoprost and brinzolamide versus fixed latanoprost/timolol combined therapy: three-month comparison of efficacy and safety. Castillo, A; Fernandez-Vidal, A; Garcia-Feijoo, J; Garcia-Sanchez, J; Martinez-de-la-Casa, JM; Mendez-Hernandez, C, 2004)	0.32
"To describe the adverse effect of abdominal cramp caused by travoprost ophthalmic solution in a glaucoma patient."	( Abdominal cramp as an adverse effect of travoprost. Lee, YC, 2005)	0.33
" Based on the findings of dechallenge and rechallenge procedures, abdominal cramp should be considered a certain adverse effect of travoprost according to the WHO classification."	( Abdominal cramp as an adverse effect of travoprost. Lee, YC, 2005)	0.33
" The impact on cellular viability and apoptosis in the same cell line was evaluated, to address the possible proinflammatory and/or toxic origin of the most frequent clinical impairments induced by prostanoids (i."	( In vitro study of inflammatory potential and toxicity profile of latanoprost, travoprost, and bimatoprost in conjunctiva-derived epithelial cells. Baudouin, C; Brignole-Baudouin, F; Guenoun, JM; Pauly, A; Rat, P; Warnet, JM, 2005)	0.33
"TNFalpha induced or stimulated expression of the three inflammatory markers, whereas the PGF2alpha, latanoprost, travoprost, and bimatoprost solutions did not induce an increase in these markers and even produced a marked reduction of ICAM-1 and PECAM-1 expression in those solutions most concentrated in BAC, thus suggesting a toxic phenomenon in cellular membranes induced by the preservative rather than the medication itself."	( In vitro study of inflammatory potential and toxicity profile of latanoprost, travoprost, and bimatoprost in conjunctiva-derived epithelial cells. Baudouin, C; Brignole-Baudouin, F; Guenoun, JM; Pauly, A; Rat, P; Warnet, JM, 2005)	0.33
" The adverse event profile for Trav/Tim was comparable to Trav or Tim alone."	( The safety and efficacy of travoprost 0.004%/timolol 0.5% fixed combination ophthalmic solution. Barnebey, HS; Bergamini, MV; Flowers, BE; Landry, TA; Mallick, S; Orengo-Nania, S; Samples, J, 2005)	0.33
" The clinical results that Trav/Tim was safe and well tolerated with an incidence of adverse events was comparable to the results of Trav or Tim alone."	( The safety and efficacy of travoprost 0.004%/timolol 0.5% fixed combination ophthalmic solution. Barnebey, HS; Bergamini, MV; Flowers, BE; Landry, TA; Mallick, S; Orengo-Nania, S; Samples, J, 2005)	0.33
" The most frequent ocular adverse event was hyperemia that occurred in 14."	( Efficacy and safety of a fixed combination of travoprost 0.004%/timolol 0.5% ophthalmic solution once daily for open-angle glaucoma or ocular hypertension. Bergamini, MV; Henry, JC; Katz, GJ; Landry, TA; Lewis, RA; Mallick, S; Robertson, SM; Schuman, JS; Sullivan, EK; Wells, DT, 2005)	0.33
" The most important adverse events for the prostaglandin derivatives were conjunctival hyperemia, eyelashes pigmentation and growth, iris pigmentation."	( Comparative analysis of the efficacy and safety of latanoprost, travoprost and the fixed combination timolol-dorzolamide; a prospective, randomized, masked, cross-over design study. Antohi, I; Chiseliţă, D; Danielescu, C; Medvichi, R, 2005)	0.33
" Bimatoprost was well-tolerated; the most commonly reported adverse event was conjunctival hyperaemia (19."	( Efficacy and safety of bimatoprost for the treatment of open-angle glaucoma and ocular hypertension: a three-month, open-label study in community-based practices in Thailand. Iemsomboon, W; Wanichwecha-Rungruang, B, 2005)	0.33
" Both volunteered and elicited reports of adverse events were collected; all patients who were randomized and received > or =1 dose of study drug were included in the safety analysis."	( A 6-week, double-masked, parallel-group study of the efficacy and safety of travoprost 0.004% compared with latanoprost 0:005%/timolol 0.5% in patients with primary open-angle glaucoma or ocular hypertension. Cunliffe, IA; Franks, WA; Renard, JP; Rojanapongpun, P, 2006)	0.33
" Adverse events related to therapy were mild in nature, and there were no statistically significant differences between the 2 treatment groups."	( A 6-week, double-masked, parallel-group study of the efficacy and safety of travoprost 0.004% compared with latanoprost 0:005%/timolol 0.5% in patients with primary open-angle glaucoma or ocular hypertension. Cunliffe, IA; Franks, WA; Renard, JP; Rojanapongpun, P, 2006)	0.33
" Common adverse events were mild and included ocular hyperaemia, dysgeusia and eye irritation."	( Ocular hypotensive efficacy and safety of brinzolamide ophthalmic suspension 1% added to travoprost ophthalmic solution 0.004% therapy in patients with open-angle glaucoma or ocular hypertension. Franks, W, 2006)	0.33
" There was no significant difference for any adverse event between groups (p>0."	( The efficacy and safety of timolol maleate versus brinzolamide each given twice daily added to travoprost in patients with ocular hypertension or primary open-angle glaucoma. Berta, A; Chiselita, D; Cvenkel, B; Holló, G; Izgi, B; Liehneova, I; Petkova, N; Stewart, WC; Szaflik, J; Turacli, E, )	0.13
" Adverse events and the number of patients discontinued owing to adverse events were similar for both treatment groups."	( Travoprost 0.004% with and without benzalkonium chloride: a comparison of safety and efficacy. Bergamini, MV; Dickerson, JE; Hua, SY; James, JE; Katz, GJ; Landry, TA; Lewis, RA; Montgomery, DB; Sullivan, EK; Weiss, MJ; Wells, DT, 2007)	0.34
" Treatment-related adverse events were mild in both groups."	( A 1-year study to compare the efficacy and safety of once-daily travoprost 0.004%/timolol 0.5% to once-daily latanoprost 0.005%/timolol 0.5% in patients with open-angle glaucoma or ocular hypertension. Andrew, R; Danesh-Meyer, H; Kozobolis, V; Melamed, S; Topouzis, F; Wells, AP; Wells, D; Wieland, H, )	0.13
"5% fixed combination ophthalmic solution is an effective treatment for reducing IOP and it is safe and well-tolerated in patients with OAG or OH."	( A 1-year study to compare the efficacy and safety of once-daily travoprost 0.004%/timolol 0.5% to once-daily latanoprost 0.005%/timolol 0.5% in patients with open-angle glaucoma or ocular hypertension. Andrew, R; Danesh-Meyer, H; Kozobolis, V; Melamed, S; Topouzis, F; Wells, AP; Wells, D; Wieland, H, )	0.13
" Adverse effects were assessed and conjunctival hyperemia was graded using a standardized scale."	( Efficacy and safety of a systematic switch from latanoprost to travoprost in patients with glaucoma. Aung, T; Ho, CL; Hoh, ST; Istiantoro, VW; Kumar, RS; Oen, FT, )	0.13
"We observed conjunctival hyperemia as the most common side effect of bimatoprost and travoprost."	( Comparison of ocular surface side effects of topical travoprost and bimatoprost. Alagöz, G; Bayer, A; Boran, C; Elçioğlu, M; Kükner, A; Serin, D, 2008)	0.35
" Safety measures included adverse events, biomicroscopy, ophthalmoscopy, visual acuity and visual field."	( Long-term efficacy and safety of bimatoprost for intraocular pressure lowering in glaucoma and ocular hypertension: year 4. Batoosingh, AL; Cohen, JS; Gross, RL; Liu, CC; Safyan, E; Williams, RD, 2008)	0.35
" No safety concerns developed during long-term bimatoprost treatment; two patients in the timolol treatment group discontinued after month 36 because of adverse events."	( Long-term efficacy and safety of bimatoprost for intraocular pressure lowering in glaucoma and ocular hypertension: year 4. Batoosingh, AL; Cohen, JS; Gross, RL; Liu, CC; Safyan, E; Williams, RD, 2008)	0.35
" Safety measures included adverse events, biomicroscopy, visual acuity, heart rate, and blood pressure."	( Ocular hypotensive efficacy and safety of travoprost 0.004% in inadequately controlled primary open-angle glaucoma or ocular hypertension: short-term, multicenter, prospective study. Blini, M; Curatola, MR; David, A; Merlo, G; Radaelli, R; Ratiglia, R; Rossi, GC; Trabucchi, G, 2009)	0.35
" No drug related serious adverse events were reported during the study."	( Ocular hypotensive efficacy and safety of travoprost 0.004% in inadequately controlled primary open-angle glaucoma or ocular hypertension: short-term, multicenter, prospective study. Blini, M; Curatola, MR; David, A; Merlo, G; Radaelli, R; Ratiglia, R; Rossi, GC; Trabucchi, G, 2009)	0.35
" This retrospective study found travoprost to have minimal adverse events in children and to reduce IOP in select cases of pediatric glaucoma."	( Travoprost in children: adverse effects and intraocular pressure response. Enyedi, LB; Freedman, SF; Schotthoeffer, EO; Yanovitch, TL, 2009)	0.35
"To document patient/physician perceptions of adverse effects and their relationship to medication changes among patients prescribed prostaglandin analogs."	( The impact of ocular adverse effects in patients treated with topical prostaglandin analogs: changes in prescription patterns and patient persistence. Gelb, L; Hahn, SR; Kim, EE; Tan, H; Zimmerman, TJ, 2009)	0.35
" Frequency of adverse effects noted by physicians and associations with medication change decisions were examined in charted data."	( The impact of ocular adverse effects in patients treated with topical prostaglandin analogs: changes in prescription patterns and patient persistence. Gelb, L; Hahn, SR; Kim, EE; Tan, H; Zimmerman, TJ, 2009)	0.35
" Adverse effects were the second most common reasons noted by physicians for switching medications after lack of efficacy (19% vs."	( The impact of ocular adverse effects in patients treated with topical prostaglandin analogs: changes in prescription patterns and patient persistence. Gelb, L; Hahn, SR; Kim, EE; Tan, H; Zimmerman, TJ, 2009)	0.35
"Ocular adverse effects, particularly hyperemia, negatively affect patient continuation with therapy and switching."	( The impact of ocular adverse effects in patients treated with topical prostaglandin analogs: changes in prescription patterns and patient persistence. Gelb, L; Hahn, SR; Kim, EE; Tan, H; Zimmerman, TJ, 2009)	0.35
" Tolerability was measured using a 4-step scale (excellent, good, moderate, poor) and all adverse events were recorded."	( Efficacy, tolerability and safety of the fixed combination of bimatoprost 0.03% and timolol 0.5% in a broad patient population: multicenter, open-label observational study. Buchholz, P; Feuerhake, C; Kimmich, F, 2009)	0.35
" Few adverse events occurred during the treatment period."	( Efficacy, tolerability and safety of the fixed combination of bimatoprost 0.03% and timolol 0.5% in a broad patient population: multicenter, open-label observational study. Buchholz, P; Feuerhake, C; Kimmich, F, 2009)	0.35
"5% was effective, well tolerated, and safe in a broad patient population."	( Efficacy, tolerability and safety of the fixed combination of bimatoprost 0.03% and timolol 0.5% in a broad patient population: multicenter, open-label observational study. Buchholz, P; Feuerhake, C; Kimmich, F, 2009)	0.35
"Latanoprost, travoprost, and bimatoprost are prostaglandin or prostamide-type ocular hypotensive medications, all of which are effective and safe for lowering intraocular pressure (IOP)."	( Prostaglandin efficacy and safety study undertaken by race (the PRESSURE study). Ahmed, II; Birt, CM; Buys, YM; Trope, GE, 2010)	0.36
" Adverse events and intraocular pressure were assessed, and subjects completed health outcomes questionnaires."	( Safety, effectiveness, and subjective experience with topical bimatoprost 0.03% for eyelash growth. Earl, M; Walt, JG; Yoelin, S, 2010)	0.36
" No serious or unexpected adverse events were reported."	( Safety, effectiveness, and subjective experience with topical bimatoprost 0.03% for eyelash growth. Earl, M; Walt, JG; Yoelin, S, 2010)	0.36
"Bimatoprost was found safe for eyelid application and was associated with enhanced eyelash growth."	( Safety, effectiveness, and subjective experience with topical bimatoprost 0.03% for eyelash growth. Earl, M; Walt, JG; Yoelin, S, 2010)	0.36
" No treatment-related serious adverse events were reported in this study."	( Intraocular pressure lowering efficacy and safety of travoprost 0.004% as a replacement therapy in patients with open angle glaucoma or ocular hypertension. Chen, XM; Ge, J; Li, B; Sun, XH; Wang, NL; Wang, ZX; Wu, LL; Zhao, JL, 2010)	0.36
" Travoprost administered once daily was safe and well tolerated in patients with glaucoma or ocular hypertension."	( Intraocular pressure lowering efficacy and safety of travoprost 0.004% as a replacement therapy in patients with open angle glaucoma or ocular hypertension. Chen, XM; Ge, J; Li, B; Sun, XH; Wang, NL; Wang, ZX; Wu, LL; Zhao, JL, 2010)	0.36
" We present 2 cases of a newly described side effect of both these topical agents in terms of periorbital fat atrophy."	( Periorbital fat atrophy - an unfamiliar side effect of prostaglandin analogues. Ghazi-Nouri, S; Jayaprakasam, A, 2010)	0.36
" No serious adverse event was found in both the groups."	( A 12-week, double-masked, parallel-group study of the safety and efficacy of travoprost 0.004% compared with pilocarpine 1% in Chinese patients with primary angle-closure and primary angle-closure glaucoma. Gao, YX; Huang, P; Li, B; Wang, ZX; Wu, LL, 2011)	0.37
"004% once daily is safe and well tolerated in PAC or PACG patients."	( A 12-week, double-masked, parallel-group study of the safety and efficacy of travoprost 0.004% compared with pilocarpine 1% in Chinese patients with primary angle-closure and primary angle-closure glaucoma. Gao, YX; Huang, P; Li, B; Wang, ZX; Wu, LL, 2011)	0.37
" The most common drug-related adverse event was hyperemia of the eye (ocular hyperemia and conjunctival hyperemia combined), occurring in 11."	( Travoprost 0.004%/timolol 0.5%-fixed combination with and without benzalkonium chloride: a prospective, randomized, doubled-masked comparison of safety and efficacy. Bae, K; Iwamoto, Y; Kitazawa, Y; Kotake, S; Sasaki, N; Smith, P, 2011)	0.37
" Bimatoprost treatment was safe and well tolerated."	( Efficacy and safety of switching from topical latanoprost to bimatoprost in patients with normal-tension glaucoma. Baba, T; Fujimura, T; Hirooka, K; Mizote, M; Sato, S; Shiraga, F; Tenkumo, K; Ueda, H, 2011)	0.37
" The gastro-intestinal effects are among the most reported adverse effects upon topical application of PGAs."	( Possible mechanism for the gastro-intestinal adverse effects upon topical application of Prostaglandin F₂α analogs. Cai, S; Li, X; Liu, X; Yan, N; Zhou, X, 2013)	0.39
" Mild ocular redness was the commonest side effect in both the groups but was not significant in either group."	( Comparison of the efficacy and safety of bimatoprost (0.03 %) and travoprost (0.004 %) in patients with primary open angle glaucoma. Chander, A; Kapoor, H; Thomas, S, )	0.13
"Both drugs lowered IOP effectively but bimatoprost showed a greater reduction in the mean IOP than did travoprost at 12 weeks and both are safe for ocular use."	( Comparison of the efficacy and safety of bimatoprost (0.03 %) and travoprost (0.004 %) in patients with primary open angle glaucoma. Chander, A; Kapoor, H; Thomas, S, )	0.13
" The most frequent treatment-related adverse events were conjunctival hyperemia in the travoprost/timolol group, and dry eye and foreign body sensation in the dorzolamide/timolol group."	( Comparison of the efficacy and safety of fixed combination travoprost/timolol and dorzolamide/ timolol in patients with primary open-angle glaucoma and ocular hypertension. Andreić, V; Babić, N; Grković, D; Jovanović, P; Miljković, A, )	0.13
" The safety outcome measures included the rate of medication-related symptoms, physical signs, reported adverse events, and the level of conjunctival hyperemia."	( Intraocular pressure-lowering efficacy and safety of bimatoprost 0.03% therapy for primary open-angle glaucoma and ocular hypertension patients in China. Fang, A; Hou, J; Ji, J; Liu, Q; Sun, X; Wang, K; Wu, L; Xu, L; Yao, K; Yuan, Z; Zhang, M; Zhao, J, 2014)	0.4
" The most common adverse event was conjunctival hyperemia, mainly of trace and mild intensity."	( Intraocular pressure-lowering efficacy and safety of bimatoprost 0.03% therapy for primary open-angle glaucoma and ocular hypertension patients in China. Fang, A; Hou, J; Ji, J; Liu, Q; Sun, X; Wang, K; Wu, L; Xu, L; Yao, K; Yuan, Z; Zhang, M; Zhao, J, 2014)	0.4
" Adverse events were collected and slit-lamp examinations were performed to assess safety."	( Safety and efficacy of bimatoprost/timolol fixed combination in Chinese patients with open-angle glaucoma or ocular hypertension. Chen, X; Dong, Y; Fang, A; Hu, Y; Ling, Z; Liu, D; Sun, W; Sun, X; Wang, Y; Xing, Y; Ye, J; Yin, Z; Zhang, M, 2014)	0.4
" Adverse events occurred in 26."	( Safety and efficacy of bimatoprost/timolol fixed combination in Chinese patients with open-angle glaucoma or ocular hypertension. Chen, X; Dong, Y; Fang, A; Hu, Y; Ling, Z; Liu, D; Sun, W; Sun, X; Wang, Y; Xing, Y; Ye, J; Yin, Z; Zhang, M, 2014)	0.4
" Charts were reviewed for medication usage characteristics and adverse events (AEs)."	( A retrospective review and observational study of outcomes and safety of bimatoprost ophthalmic solution 0.03% for treating eyelash hypotrichosis. Campo, A; Caulkins, CA; Cox, SE; Davis, PG; Fagien, S; Gallagher, CJ; Yoelin, SG, 2014)	0.4
"Bimoptic Plus effectively reduces the IOP level and has the least amount adverse reactions."	( [Effectiveness and safety of drug combination therapy in patients with advanced primary open-angle glaucoma]. Bessmertny, AM; Kalinina, OM; Kosakyan, SM; Robustova, OV; Vasilenkova, LV, 2020)	0.56
" Jennies were monitored for 30 minutes following treatment, and adverse effects were recorded."	( Efficacy and Side Effects of Low Single Doses of Cloprostenol Sodium or Dinoprost Tromethamine to Induce Luteolysis in Donkeys. French, H; Gilbert, R; Kent, A; Landers, M; Peterson, E; Segabinazzi, LGTM, 2021)	0.88

Excerpt	Reference	Relevance
" After recording of physiologic uterine motility for 30min, prostaglandins (DL-cloprostenol, PGE(2), PGE(2) in combination with D-cloprostenol) or placebo were administered, followed by a 2h recording period."	( Effect of prostaglandin E2, DL-cloprostenol, and prostaglandin E2 in combination with D-cloprostenol on uterine motility during diestrus in experimental cows. Burkhardt, H; Hirsbrunner, G; Knutti, B; Küpfer, U; Steiner, A, 2003)	0.83
" For this purpose we compared the effects of aglepristone (AGL) alone and in combination with cloprostenol (CLO) on serum concentrations of progesterone (P4), estradiol (E2) and relaxin (RLN) measured at short-term intervals during the abortion period in bitches."	( The effects of aglepristone alone and in combination with cloprostenol on hormonal values during termination of mid-term pregnancy in bitches. Ağaoğlu, AR; Aslan, S; Ay, SS; Bal, Y; Einspanier, A; Emre, B; Gültiken, N; Gürcan, IS; Kaya, D; Küçükaslan, I; Schäfer-Somi, S, 2014)	0.87

Excerpt	Reference	Relevance
" These findings may be valuable in developing formulation strategies to optimize ocular bioavailability of topically administered ocular agents."	( Expression of multidrug resistance associated protein 5 (MRP5) on cornea and its role in drug efflux. Herndon, BL; Karla, PK; Mitra, A; Pal, D; Quinn, TL; Thomas, P, 2009)	0.35
" The low bioavailability following topical ophthalmic administration shows that there is a clear need for in-depth research aimed at finding both more efficacious molecules and formulations precisely targeted at the site of action."	( Trends in development and quality assessment of pharmaceutical formulations - F2α analogues in the glaucoma treatment. Asendrych-Wicik, K; Ciach, T; Markowicz-Piasecka, M; Walaszek, K; Zarczuk, J, 2023)	0.91

Excerpt	Relevance	Reference
" Experiment 1 was conducted to determine the optimum dosage of TRI and to approximate the optimum interval from TRI to induction with DEX+CLO."	( Induction of parturition in cattle: effect of triamcinolone pretreatment on the incidence of retained placenta. Barth, AD; Bo, GA; Mapletoft, RJ; Nasser, LF, 1994)	0.29
"Flunixin meglumine at a dosage of 500 mg/animal, administered IV every 8 hours, is ineffective in modulating uterine PGF2 alpha secretion during cloprostenol-induced abortion."	( Effect of flunixin meglumine on endogenous prostaglandin F2 alpha secretion during cloprostenol-induced abortion in mares. Daels, PF; Kindahl, H; Mohammed, HO; Odensvik, K, 1995)	0.72
" Peak values for area under the curve and mean amplitude were found between 15 and 30 min after administration of the lower dosage of d-cloprostenol, and between 75 and 90 min after administration of the higher dosage."	( Effect of two dosages of d-cloprostenol on intrauterine pressure and uterine motility during dioestrus in experimental cows. Burkhardt, H; Hirsbrunner, G; Knutti, B; Küpfer, U; Steiner, A, 1999)	0.8
" Twice-daily dosing of bimatoprost also provided significantly greater mean reductions in IOP than timolol at most time points but was not as effective as once-daily dosing."	( Comparison of once- or twice-daily bimatoprost with twice-daily timolol in patients with elevated IOP : a 3-month clinical trial. Brandt, JD; Chen, K; VanDenburgh, AM; Whitcup, SM, 2001)	0.31
"The aim of this study was to determine whether sodium cloprostenol administered at a continuous low dosage induced luteolysis and polydipsia in early dioestrous bitches."	( Sodium cloprostenol administered at a continuous low dosage induces polydipsia and suppresses luteal function in early dioestrous bitches. Parry, BW; Watts, JR; Wright, PJ, 2001)	1.01
" BID dosing of bimatoprost also provided significantly greater mean IOP reductions than timolol at most timepoints, but was not as effective as QD dosing."	( Six-month comparison of bimatoprost once-daily and twice-daily with timolol twice-daily in patients with elevated intraocular pressure. Brandt, J; Sherwood, M, 2001)	0.31
"Subjects who qualified at screening began a run-in period dosing timolol twice daily for 3 weeks."	( Evaluation of travoprost as adjunctive therapy in patients with uncontrolled intraocular pressure while using timolol 0.5%. Davis, AA; Landry, T; Orengo-Nania, S; Silver, LH; Von Tress, M; Weiner, A, 2001)	0.31
" The reduction in IOP was maintained throughout the 24-hour dosage interval."	( Topical bimatoprost: a review of its use in open-angle glaucoma and ocular hypertension. Easthope, SE; Perry, CM, 2002)	0.31
" No PGF(2alpha) dose-response pattern was observed and overall rates of luteal regression (progesterone <1."	( Efficacy of PGF(2alpha) to synchronize estrus in water buffalo cows (Bubalus bubalis) is dependent upon plasma progesterone concentration, corpus luteum size and ovarian follicular status before treatment. Brito, LF; Kastelic, JP; Marson, EP; Satrapa, R, 2002)	0.31
"We evaluated conjunctival hyperemia by a standard photographic measure at the slit lamp and by anterior segment photographs in healthy subjects after dosing for 5 days with latanoprost, bimatoprost, or travoprost."	( Conjunctival hyperemia in healthy subjects after short-term dosing with latanoprost, bimatoprost, and travoprost. Jackson, AL; Kolker, AE; Leech, J; Stewart, JA; Stewart, WC, 2003)	0.32
" The dosing is once per day in the evening, and storage does not require refrigeration."	( Travoprost: a potent ocular hypotensive agent. Al-Jazzaf, AM; DeSantis, L; Netland, PA, 2003)	0.32
"A single centered, active-controlled, three-period crossover comparison that evaluated conjunctival and corneal punctate staining, by grade and individual stains, in healthy subjects after dosing for five days in one eye with latanoprost, bimatoprost, or travoprost."	( Corneal punctate staining with latanoprost, bimatoprost, and travoprost in healthy subjects. Jackson, AL; Jenkins, JN; Stewart, JA; Stewart, WC, 2003)	0.32
"33) or at 1 hour after dosing (latanoprost 23."	( Corneal punctate staining with latanoprost, bimatoprost, and travoprost in healthy subjects. Jackson, AL; Jenkins, JN; Stewart, JA; Stewart, WC, 2003)	0.32
" These agents are typically dosed once daily."	( Comparison of the diurnal ocular hypotensive efficacy of travoprost and latanoprost over a 44-hour period in patients with elevated intraocular pressure. Andrew, RM; Bergamini, MV; Darell Turner, F; Dubiner, HB; Landry, T; Przydryga, J; Robertson, S; Silver, LH; Sircy, MD; Weiner, A, 2004)	0.32
" The following 5 different dosing protocols were studied: latanoprost with bimatoprost added, bimatoprost with latanoprost added, latanoprost with travoprost added, travoprost with latanoprost added, and latanoprost with a second dose of latanoprost added."	( Additivity of bimatoprost or travoprost to latanoprost in glaucomatous monkey eyes. Gagliuso, DJ; Mittag, TW; Podos, SM; Wang, RF, 2004)	0.32
"15% unoprostone isopropyl solution induced no significant ocular side effects in normal cats when dosed over a 10-day treatment period."	( The effects of bimatoprost and unoprostone isopropyl on the intraocular pressure of normal cats. Bartoe, JT; Brightman, AH; Davidson, HJ; Horton, MT; Jung, Y, )	0.13
" This study demonstrates that the fixed combination of travoprost/timolol produces significant and clinically relevant reductions of IOP in a once-daily dosing regimen."	( Efficacy and safety of a fixed combination of travoprost 0.004%/timolol 0.5% ophthalmic solution once daily for open-angle glaucoma or ocular hypertension. Bergamini, MV; Henry, JC; Katz, GJ; Landry, TA; Lewis, RA; Mallick, S; Robertson, SM; Schuman, JS; Sullivan, EK; Wells, DT, 2005)	0.33
"After a 6-week medicine-free period, 33 patients were randomized to receive travoprost dosed in the morning or evening."	( 24-hour intraocular pressure control obtained with evening- versus morning-dosed travoprost in primary open-angle glaucoma. Jenkins, JN; Kaltsos, K; Konstas, AG; Mikropoulos, D; Stewart, WC, 2006)	0.33
" At 10 am, the evening dosing provided a statistically lower IOP (17."	( 24-hour intraocular pressure control obtained with evening- versus morning-dosed travoprost in primary open-angle glaucoma. Jenkins, JN; Kaltsos, K; Konstas, AG; Mikropoulos, D; Stewart, WC, 2006)	0.33
" However, the evening dosing of travoprost demonstrates slightly greater daytime efficacy, with a narrower range of 24-hour pressure."	( 24-hour intraocular pressure control obtained with evening- versus morning-dosed travoprost in primary open-angle glaucoma. Jenkins, JN; Kaltsos, K; Konstas, AG; Mikropoulos, D; Stewart, WC, 2006)	0.33
"5% ophthalmic solution dosed in the morning and evening."	( A comparison of morning and evening instillation of a combination travoprost 0.004%/timolol 0.5% ophthalmic solution. Andrew, R; Denis, P; Friren, B; Wells, D, )	0.13
"5% ophthalmic solution, dosed in the morning or evening, controlled IOP consistently throughout the day."	( A comparison of morning and evening instillation of a combination travoprost 0.004%/timolol 0.5% ophthalmic solution. Andrew, R; Denis, P; Friren, B; Wells, D, )	0.13
"To evaluate the recently introduced Travatan Dosing Aid (TDA) for its accuracy in recording and dispensing eyedrops."	( Accuracy and performance of a commercially available Dosing Aid. Cronin, TH; Kahook, MY; Lathrop, KL; Noecker, RJ, 2007)	0.34
"005% (Xalatan) dosed once daily in patients with primary open-angle glaucoma or ocular hypertension."	( Circadian IOP-lowering efficacy of travoprost 0.004% ophthalmic solution compared to latanoprost 0.005%. Castillo, A; Fernández-Vidal, A; García-Feijoo, J; García-Sánchez, J; Martínez-de-la-Casa, JM; Méndez, C, 2006)	0.33
" The TRAV group (n = 29) dosed once daily at 9:00 PM while the DTFC group (n = 27) dosed twice daily at 9:00 AM and 9:00 PM."	( Comparison of the efficacy and safety of travoprost with a fixed-combination of dorzolamide and timolol in patients with open-angle glaucoma or ocular hypertension. Batista, WD; da Silva, LJ; Figueiredo, CR; Franklin, LM; Netto, JA; Suzuki, ER, 2006)	0.33
" Acid metabolites were below the limit of quantitation in all samples taken 12 h after dosing and in all samples from placebo-treated patients."	( Levels of bimatoprost acid in the aqueous humour after bimatoprost treatment of patients with cataract. Acheampong, A; Cantor, LB; Catoira, Y; Cortes, A; Hoop, J; Valluri, S; Wheeler, LA; Woodward, DF; Wudunn, D; Yung, CW, 2007)	0.34
" A second group of animals was exposed to the medications through a dosing regimen of 1 drop/min (lpar3 drops total) (n=4/group)."	( Assessment of corneal epithelial integrity after acute exposure to ocular hypotensive agents preserved with and without benzalkonium chloride. Cavanagh, HD; Lakshman, N; Petroll, WM; Whitson, JT, )	0.13
"Qualified patients at Visit 1 were placed on travoprost dosed every evening for 4 weeks and then were randomized at baseline (Visit 2) to the addition of timolol maleate or brinzolamide each given twice daily."	( The efficacy and safety of timolol maleate versus brinzolamide each given twice daily added to travoprost in patients with ocular hypertension or primary open-angle glaucoma. Berta, A; Chiselita, D; Cvenkel, B; Holló, G; Izgi, B; Liehneova, I; Petkova, N; Stewart, WC; Szaflik, J; Turacli, E, )	0.13
"This study describes patients' and physicians' perceptions of issues related to dosing adherence with topical therapies for lowering intraocular pressure before and after use of the travoprost dosing aid (Travatan Dosing Aid, Alcon Research Ltd."	( Patients' and physicians' perceptions of the travoprost dosing aid: an open-label, multicenter study of adherence with prostaglandin analogue therapy for open-angle glaucoma or ocular hypertension. Bergamini, MV; Berke, SJ; Day, D; Flowers, B; Landry, TA; Mallick, S; Piltz-Seymour, J; Smoot, TM; Teague, J; Wand, M, 2006)	0.33
" In addition, each physician was asked to complete an entry and exit survey on each patient as well as a survey to provide feedback on the travoprost dosing aid."	( Patients' and physicians' perceptions of the travoprost dosing aid: an open-label, multicenter study of adherence with prostaglandin analogue therapy for open-angle glaucoma or ocular hypertension. Bergamini, MV; Berke, SJ; Day, D; Flowers, B; Landry, TA; Mallick, S; Piltz-Seymour, J; Smoot, TM; Teague, J; Wand, M, 2006)	0.33
" Participating physicians perceived that problems involving dosing and adherence were reduced after patients used the dosing aid."	( Patients' and physicians' perceptions of the travoprost dosing aid: an open-label, multicenter study of adherence with prostaglandin analogue therapy for open-angle glaucoma or ocular hypertension. Bergamini, MV; Berke, SJ; Day, D; Flowers, B; Landry, TA; Mallick, S; Piltz-Seymour, J; Smoot, TM; Teague, J; Wand, M, 2006)	0.33
"The travoprost dosing aid was perceived to be effective in reminding this group of patients to take their medication as prescribed."	( Patients' and physicians' perceptions of the travoprost dosing aid: an open-label, multicenter study of adherence with prostaglandin analogue therapy for open-angle glaucoma or ocular hypertension. Bergamini, MV; Berke, SJ; Day, D; Flowers, B; Landry, TA; Mallick, S; Piltz-Seymour, J; Smoot, TM; Teague, J; Wand, M, 2006)	0.33
" To determine the proper dosage for a GnRH-antagonist (Cetrorelix), 12 animals in three groups of four female marmosets were treated with two different dosages and a sham dosage."	( GnRH-antagonist mediated down-regulation of the estrous cycle in marmosets. Kuhlmann, M; Luetjens, CM; Wesselmann, R, 2006)	0.33
"004% without BAC (n=344) dosed once-daily each evening."	( Travoprost 0.004% with and without benzalkonium chloride: a comparison of safety and efficacy. Bergamini, MV; Dickerson, JE; Hua, SY; James, JE; Katz, GJ; Landry, TA; Lewis, RA; Montgomery, DB; Sullivan, EK; Weiss, MJ; Wells, DT, 2007)	0.34
"To assess the accuracy of Travatan Dosing Aid recordings."	( The TRAVATAN Dosing Aid accurately records when drops are taken. Congdon, NG; Friedman, DS; Jampel, HD; Miller, R; Quigley, HA, 2007)	0.34
"Physicians and patients used the Dosing Aid, and logs of usage were compared to the data obtained from the Dosing Aid."	( The TRAVATAN Dosing Aid accurately records when drops are taken. Congdon, NG; Friedman, DS; Jampel, HD; Miller, R; Quigley, HA, 2007)	0.34
"The Dosing Aid accurately recorded most eyedrops administered by patients and physicians."	( The TRAVATAN Dosing Aid accurately records when drops are taken. Congdon, NG; Friedman, DS; Jampel, HD; Miller, R; Quigley, HA, 2007)	0.34
"5% ophthalmic solution (Lat/Tim), dosed once daily in the morning, in patients with open-angle glaucoma (OAG) or ocular hypertension (OH)."	( A 1-year study to compare the efficacy and safety of once-daily travoprost 0.004%/timolol 0.5% to once-daily latanoprost 0.005%/timolol 0.5% in patients with open-angle glaucoma or ocular hypertension. Andrew, R; Danesh-Meyer, H; Kozobolis, V; Melamed, S; Topouzis, F; Wells, AP; Wells, D; Wieland, H, )	0.13
" Conjunctival hyperaemia was evaluated clinically at 12, 24, 36 and 72 hours after dosing and volunteers reported all ocular adverse effects."	( Conjunctival hyperaemia and other ocular adverse effects on healthy African subjects after single dosing with 0.004% Travoprost. Adedapo, AD; Adeoti, CO; Ashaye, AO; Olusanya, BA, 2007)	0.34
" Treatment with a fixed combination may, therefore, increase compliance as a result of simplifying the dosage regimen."	( Efficacy and safety of bimatoprost/timolol fixed combination in the treatment of glaucoma or ocular hypertension. Martinez, A; Sanchez, M, 2008)	0.35
"Once-daily dosing of travoprost with sofZia produced significantly fewer corneal changes and less conjunctival inflammation than latanoprost preserved with BAK."	( Comparison of corneal and conjunctival changes after dosing of travoprost preserved with sofZia, latanoprost with 0.02% benzalkonium chloride, and preservative-free artificial tears. Kahook, MY; Noecker, RJ, 2008)	0.35
" Patients randomised to bimatoprost twice daily had been switched to bimatoprost once daily dosing at month 24 (bimatoprost twice daily/once daily treatment group), and continued with once daily dosing through month 48 (n = 39)."	( Long-term efficacy and safety of bimatoprost for intraocular pressure lowering in glaucoma and ocular hypertension: year 4. Batoosingh, AL; Cohen, JS; Gross, RL; Liu, CC; Safyan, E; Williams, RD, 2008)	0.35
" Patients with an IOP of 22-29 mmHg inclusive at 8 AMwere randomized to either bimatoprost dosed each evening or DTFC twice-daily."	( A comparison of dorzolamide/timolol-fixed combination versus bimatoprost in patients with open-angle glaucoma who are poorly controlled on latanoprost. Nelson, LA; Sharpe, ED; Stewart, JA; Stewart, WC; Williams, RD, 2008)	0.35
" Overall, injection of Cloprostenol at this dosage and frequency increased libido, semen volume, sperm concentration and plasma testosterone concentration in low libido Holstein bulls."	( Cloprostenol injection improves reproductive characteristics in low libido Iranian Holstein bulls. Javaremi, AN; Masoumi, R; Nabizadeh, H; Towhidi, A; Zhandi, M, 2008)	2.1
" Patient dosing preference (a."	( Comparison of morning versus evening dosing and 24-h post-dose efficacy of travoprost compared with latanoprost in patients with open-angle glaucoma . Battista, RA; Haidich, AB; Konstas, AG; Yan, DB, 2008)	0.35
"The mean IOP in the first period when all patients were dosed in the evening was assessed 12 h after dosing at 09:00 and it was similar in the two treatment groups (mean ± standard deviation: 17."	( Comparison of morning versus evening dosing and 24-h post-dose efficacy of travoprost compared with latanoprost in patients with open-angle glaucoma . Battista, RA; Haidich, AB; Konstas, AG; Yan, DB, 2008)	0.35
"To evaluate the 24 h efficacy and safety of the travoprost/timolol maleate fixed combination (TTFC) versus travoprost when both are dosed in the evening in primary open-angle glaucoma patients."	( Twenty-four-hour intraocular pressure control with the travoprost/timolol maleate fixed combination compared with travoprost when both are dosed in the evening in primary open-angle glaucoma. Haidich, AB; Konstas, AG; Mikropoulos, D; Ntampos, KS; Stewart, WC, 2009)	0.35
"This study suggests that when both drugs are dosed in the evening the TTFC provides improved intraocular pressure reduction, compared with travoprost, over the 24 h curve and for each individual time point in primary open-angle glaucoma patients."	( Twenty-four-hour intraocular pressure control with the travoprost/timolol maleate fixed combination compared with travoprost when both are dosed in the evening in primary open-angle glaucoma. Haidich, AB; Konstas, AG; Mikropoulos, D; Ntampos, KS; Stewart, WC, 2009)	0.35
" All subjects used the Travatan Dosing Aid (DA; Alcon, Fort Worth, TX) to administer travoprost as prescribed."	( Adherence with topical glaucoma medication monitored electronically the Travatan Dosing Aid study. Friedman, DS; Jampel, HD; Jiang, Y; Okeke, CO; Plyler, RJ; Quigley, HA; Ying, GS, 2009)	0.35
" Patients were then treated with the opposite dosing regimen for 8 weeks and IOP measurements were repeated."	( Intraocular pressure control over 24 hours using travoprost and timolol fixed combination administered in the morning or evening in primary open-angle and exfoliative glaucoma. Konstas, AG; Nasr, MB; Nelson, LA; Stewart, JA; Stewart, WC; Tsironi, S; Vakalis, AN, 2009)	0.35
"Both morning and evening administration of TTFC provide effective 24-hour IOP reduction, but evening dosing demonstrates better 24-hour pressure control."	( Intraocular pressure control over 24 hours using travoprost and timolol fixed combination administered in the morning or evening in primary open-angle and exfoliative glaucoma. Konstas, AG; Nasr, MB; Nelson, LA; Stewart, JA; Stewart, WC; Tsironi, S; Vakalis, AN, 2009)	0.35
"Adherence was measured with the Travalert Dosing Aid on 58 consecutive, regularly followed-up glaucoma patients already on self-administered travoprost."	( Personality traits, depression, and objectively measured adherence to once-daily prostaglandin analog medication in glaucoma. Géczy, A; Holló, G; Kóthy, P; Vargha, P, )	0.13
" All patients used the Travatan Dosing Aid (DA; Alcon Laboratories Inc."	( Risk factors for poor adherence to eyedrops in electronically monitored patients with glaucoma. Friedman, DS; Jampel, HD; Jiang, Y; Okeke, CO; Plyler, RJ; Quigley, HA; Ying, GS, 2009)	0.35
"In an observational study, participants who took 75% or fewer doses (as measured using the travoprost Dosing Aid [DA]) during an initial 3-month period were randomized into 2 groups."	( Interventions improve poor adherence with once daily glaucoma medications in electronically monitored patients. Friedman, DS; Jampel, HD; Jiang, Y; Okeke, CO; Plyler, RJ; Quigley, HA; Ying, GS, 2009)	0.35
"Both BTFC dosing regimens significantly reduce 24 h IOP in XFG compared with bimatoprost monotherapy."	( Twenty-four-hour intraocular pressure control with bimatoprost and the bimatoprost/timolol fixed combination administered in the morning, or evening in exfoliative glaucoma. Embeslidis, T; Georgiadou, I; Haidich, AB; Holló, G; Irkec, M; Konstas, AG; Melamed, S; Mikropoulos, D; Tsironi, S, 2010)	0.36
" Multiple daily dosing with the drug produced a persistent IOP-lowering effect."	( Evaluation of monkey intraocular pressure by rebound tonometer. Cao, G; Chen, L; Li, N; Liu, X; Ma, J; Pang, IH; Qiu, J; Yan, N; Yu, M; Yu, W, 2009)	0.35
"To assess adherence in glaucoma patients using the Travatan Dosing Aid (TDA); to record differences in adherence by age, sex, therapy, systemic therapies, years from diagnosis, type of therapy and intraocular pressure (IOP)."	( Monitoring adherence rates in glaucoma patients using the Travatan Dosing Aid. A 6-month study comparing patients on travoprost 0.004% and patients on travoprost 0.004%/timolol 0.5% fixed combination. Bianchi, PE; Milano, G; Pasinetti, GM; Rossi, GC; Scudeller, L; Tinelli, C, 2010)	0.36
"To identify patterns and rates of adherence with travoprost eye drops using the Travatan dosing aid (TDA) and to present a method for graphically presenting adherence data."	( Patterns and rate of adherence to glaucoma therapy using an electronic dosing aid. Ajit, RR; Fenerty, CH; Henson, DB, 2010)	0.36
" In total 23 of the complete data sets showed good adherence (dosing within +/-4 h of the agreed dosing time on >80% of occasions), 3 patients discontinued usage before 75 days, 4 showed frequent drug holidays (no dosing for > or =8 days) and 7 frequently missed doses with adherence rates of <60%."	( Patterns and rate of adherence to glaucoma therapy using an electronic dosing aid. Ajit, RR; Fenerty, CH; Henson, DB, 2010)	0.36
" After a 1 week run-in period with bimatoprost all patients were treated with bimatoprost dosed once in the morning for 1 month, after which dorzolamide was added twice daily for 2 months."	( The additive effect of dorzolamide hydrochloride (Trusopt) and a morning dose of bimatoprost (Lumigan) on intraocular pressure and retrobulbar blood flow in patients with primary open-angle glaucoma. Ehrlich, R; Fuksinska, B; Harris, A; Robaszkiewicz, J; Siemiatkowska, A; Siesky, B; Stankiewicz, A; Wierzbowska, J; Zegadlo, A, 2010)	0.36
"After up to a 6-week medicine-free period, XFG patients were randomized to either TTFC or LTFC for 3 months, dosed each evening, and then changed to the opposite treatment for another 3 months."	( 24-h Intraocular pressure control with evening-dosed travoprost/timolol, compared with latanoprost/timolol, fixed combinations in exfoliative glaucoma. Dimopoulos, AT; Embeslidis, TA; Haidich, AB; Konstas, AG; Mikropoulos, DG; Papanastasiou, A; Stewart, WC, 2010)	0.36
"5%), in order to evaluate both efficacy (intraocular pressure lowering) and tolerability (patient and investigator satisfaction) of two dosing regimens--evening (PM) and morning (AM)."	( Comparison of evening and morning dosing of travoprost 0.004%/timolol 0.5% fixed combination in 6 month period. Bojić, L; Dosen, VM; Ekert, M; Laus, KN; Mandić, Z; Suić, SP, 2010)	0.36
"To assess the relation between visual field progression and adherence rate in patients with glaucoma using Travatan Dosing Aid® (TDA)."	( Do adherence rates and glaucomatous visual field progression correlate? Bianchi, PE; Pasinetti, GM; Radaelli, R; Rossi, GC; Scudeller, L, )	0.13
"8 years, range 33-80; 68 women) with POAG received bimatoprost dosed once in the morning for 1 month, after which dorzolamide was added twice daily for 2 months."	( Intraocular pressure and ocular hemodynamics in patients with primary open-angle glaucoma treated with the combination of morning dosing of bimatoprost and dorzolamide hydrochloride. Ehrlich, R; Grabska-Liberek, I; Harris, A; Misiuk-Hojło, M; Mulak, M; Romanowska-Dixon, B; Sierdziński, J; Siesky, B; Stankiewicz, A; Szuścik, I; Wasyluk, J; Wierzbowska, J, 2011)	0.37
" The potential benefit to the human ocular surface with oncedaily dosing needs to be evaluated clinically."	( Polyquad-preserved travoprost/timolol, benzalkonium chloride (BAK)-preserved travoprost/timolol, and latanoprost/timolol in fixed combinations: a rabbit ocular surface study. Baudouin, C; Brignole-Baudouin, F; Liang, H; Pauly, A; Riancho, L, 2011)	0.37
"In this prospective randomized controlled trial, subjects with IOP of at least 22 mm Hg in one or both eyes at 0900 h, and IOP of at least 21 mm Hg in one or both eyes at 1100 h and 1600 h at two eligibility visits were randomly assigned to receive either TRA/TIM BAK-free (n=195) or TRA/TIM (n=193), dosed once daily in the morning (0900 h) for 6 weeks."	( Travoprost 0.004%/timolol 0.5%-fixed combination with and without benzalkonium chloride: a prospective, randomized, doubled-masked comparison of safety and efficacy. Bae, K; Iwamoto, Y; Kitazawa, Y; Kotake, S; Sasaki, N; Smith, P, 2011)	0.37
" A change was done from prior monotherapy at day 0 to TTFC dosed once a day, regardless in the evening or in the morning, without washout period."	( Safety and efficacy of monotherapy change to fixed combination (travoprost 0.004%/timolol 0.5%) in 6 months follow up period. Barisić, F; Biuk, D; Bojić, L; Clementi, D; Dobutović, D; Dogan, KK; Dosen, VM; Ekert, M; Geser, MZ; Iveković, R; Jurić-Miletić, A; Kovacević, S; Kovacić, Z; Krolo, I; Mandić, Z; Novak-Laus, K; Pavan, J; Pelcić, G; Popović-Suić, S; Susić, N; Tomić, M, 2010)	0.36
" All subjects were given a Travalert(®) dosing aid and were reviewed after one and four months."	( [The influence of the Travalert(®) dosing aid on medical treatment compliance and the quality of life of glaucoma patients]. Escalada, A; García Sánchez, J; García-Feijoó, J; Martínez-de-la-Casa, JM; Sáenz-Francés, F; Sánchez-Pulgarín, M, 2011)	0.37
"Compliance is very important in the treatment of glaucoma, and our study provides objective data through the use of Travalert dosing aid with relative compliances of 70%."	( [The influence of the Travalert(®) dosing aid on medical treatment compliance and the quality of life of glaucoma patients]. Escalada, A; García Sánchez, J; García-Feijoó, J; Martínez-de-la-Casa, JM; Sáenz-Francés, F; Sánchez-Pulgarín, M, 2011)	0.37
"UBM revealed cyclodialysis in the patient's affected eye after a single dosage of bimatoprost."	( A case hypersensitive to bimatoprost and dexamethasone. Li, X; Liu, G; Liu, X; Wang, Y; Xiang, H; Yu, W, 2011)	0.37
" They were then crossed over to the opposite dosing schedule for the following month."	( Morning dosing of once-daily glaucoma medication is more convenient and may lead to greater adherence than evening dosing. Carlsson, A; Crichton, AC; Ford, BA; Gooi, M, 2013)	0.39
"Adherence was compared between morning versus evening dosing and first versus second month dosing."	( Morning dosing of once-daily glaucoma medication is more convenient and may lead to greater adherence than evening dosing. Carlsson, A; Crichton, AC; Ford, BA; Gooi, M, 2013)	0.39
"07) in adherence between morning dosing (90."	( Morning dosing of once-daily glaucoma medication is more convenient and may lead to greater adherence than evening dosing. Carlsson, A; Crichton, AC; Ford, BA; Gooi, M, 2013)	0.39
"A total of 371 patients randomly received travoprost BAK-free (n=185) or travoprost BAK (n=186) dosed once daily in the evening for 3 months."	( Comparison of a travoprost BAK-free formulation preserved with polyquaternium-1 with BAK-preserved travoprost in ocular hypertension or open-angle glaucoma. Coote, M; Denis, P; Gandolfi, S; Goldberg, I; Paredes, T; Pillai, MR; Stalmans, I; Volksone, L; Wells, A, )	0.13
"To study the effect of patient education and the TravAlert(®) -Eyot(®) drop guider on intraocular pressure (IOP) and adherence in patients with primary open angle glaucoma (POAG) or ocular hypertension (OHT) monitored with the TravAlert(®) dosing aid."	( Adherence improvement in Dutch glaucoma patients: a randomized controlled trial. Beckers, HJ; Brink, HM; Busch, MJ; Colen, TP; Schouten, JS; Webers, CA, 2013)	0.39
" Patients were randomized to one of the four study arms: (1) use of the dosing aid, (2) use of the dosing aid with the drop guider, (3) use of the dosing aid together with patient education or (4) use of the dosing aid and drop guider together with patient education."	( Adherence improvement in Dutch glaucoma patients: a randomized controlled trial. Beckers, HJ; Brink, HM; Busch, MJ; Colen, TP; Schouten, JS; Webers, CA, 2013)	0.39
" An 8-month follow-up period, using an electronic adherence monitoring device (Travalert dosing aid, TDA), will indicate if the intervention is likely to be sustained in the longer term."	( Protocol for a randomised controlled trial to estimate the effects and costs of a patient centred educational intervention in glaucoma management. Bhattacharya, D; Broadway, DC; Cate, H; Clark, A; Fordham, R; Notley, C, 2012)	0.38
"A predictive model for nonadherence was developed from the Travatan Dosing Aid (TDA) study (n = 196) using stepwise logistic regression."	( Development and validation of a predictive model for nonadherence with once-daily glaucoma medications. Boland, MV; Chang, DS; Frazier, T; Friedman, DS; Plyler, R, 2013)	0.39
" Adherence was calculated as the percentage of days on which a dose was taken within 4 hours of the average dosing time for that patient."	( Development and validation of a predictive model for nonadherence with once-daily glaucoma medications. Boland, MV; Chang, DS; Frazier, T; Friedman, DS; Plyler, R, 2013)	0.39
"Bimatoprost/Timolol Fixed Combination administered in Chinese patients with open-angle glaucoma or ocular hypertension was not inferior to concurrent dosing with the individual components."	( Safety and efficacy of bimatoprost/timolol fixed combination in Chinese patients with open-angle glaucoma or ocular hypertension. Chen, X; Dong, Y; Fang, A; Hu, Y; Ling, Z; Liu, D; Sun, W; Sun, X; Wang, Y; Xing, Y; Ye, J; Yin, Z; Zhang, M, 2014)	0.4
" Participants were randomised into two groups and adherence was measured over 8 months, using an electronic monitoring device (Travalert® dosing aid, TDA)."	( Improving adherence to glaucoma medication: a randomised controlled trial of a patient-centred intervention (The Norwich Adherence Glaucoma Study). Bhattacharya, D; Broadway, DC; Cate, H; Clark, A; Fordham, R; Holland, R, 2014)	0.4

Class	Description
prostanoid	The family of natural prostaglandins and prostaglandin-like compounds including prostacyclins and thromboxanes.
[compound class information is derived from Chemical Entities of Biological Interest (ChEBI), Hastings J, Owen G, Dekker A, Ennis M, Kale N, Muthukrishnan V, Turner S, Swainston N, Mendes P, Steinbeck C. (2016). ChEBI in 2016: Improved services and an expanding collection of metabolites. Nucleic Acids Res]

Protein	Taxonomy	Measurement	Average	Min (ref.)	Avg (ref.)	Max (ref.)	Bioassay(s)
Prostaglandin G/H synthase 1	Bos taurus (cattle)	IC50 (µMol)	0.0010	0.0005	1.4128	8.2000	AID160700
Prostaglandin G/H synthase 2	Bos taurus (cattle)	IC50 (µMol)	0.0010	0.0005	0.5739	3.4000	AID160700
Thromboxane A2 receptor	Homo sapiens (human)	IC50 (µMol)	10.0000	0.0011	0.7106	5.2000	AID161214
Prostaglandin E2 receptor EP1 subtype	Homo sapiens (human)	IC50 (µMol)	0.4960	0.0011	0.2254	0.4960	AID160913
Prostaglandin E2 receptor EP4 subtype	Homo sapiens (human)	IC50 (µMol)	10.0000	0.0004	0.9585	8.0390	AID161070
Prostaglandin F2-alpha receptor	Homo sapiens (human)	IC50 (µMol)	0.0015	0.0010	0.0106	0.0430	AID160700; AID161196
Prostaglandin F2-alpha receptor	Homo sapiens (human)	Ki	0.0310	0.0310	3.3803	9.9910	AID161200
Prostaglandin E2 receptor EP3 subtype	Homo sapiens (human)	IC50 (µMol)	0.6350	0.0009	0.1212	0.6350	AID161055
Prostaglandin E2 receptor EP2 subtype	Homo sapiens (human)	IC50 (µMol)	3.7000	0.0022	0.7205	4.1690	AID161039
Prostacyclin receptor	Homo sapiens (human)	IC50 (µMol)	10.0000	0.0084	0.0704	0.2880	AID160747
Prostaglandin D2 receptor	Homo sapiens (human)	IC50 (µMol)	10.0000	0.0001	1.1583	7.3000	AID160529
[prepared from compound, protein, and bioassay information from National Library of Medicine (NLM), extracted Dec-2023]

Protein	Taxonomy	Measurement	Average	Min (ref.)	Avg (ref.)	Max (ref.)	Bioassay(s)
Thromboxane A2 receptor	Homo sapiens (human)	EC50 (µMol)	2.4000	0.0240	0.9810	2.4000	AID212808
Prostaglandin E2 receptor EP1 subtype	Homo sapiens (human)	EC50 (µMol)	0.7600	0.0003	0.3248	0.7600	AID160545
Prostaglandin F2-alpha receptor	Homo sapiens (human)	EC50 (µMol)	0.0100	0.0036	0.0762	0.2500	AID160693
Prostaglandin E2 receptor EP3 subtype	Homo sapiens (human)	EC50 (µMol)	5.0000	0.0025	2.5405	5.0000	AID160553
[prepared from compound, protein, and bioassay information from National Library of Medicine (NLM), extracted Dec-2023]

Process	via Protein(s)	Taxonomy
response to oxidative stress	Prostaglandin G/H synthase 1	Bos taurus (cattle)
cellular oxidant detoxification	Prostaglandin G/H synthase 1	Bos taurus (cattle)
meiotic spindle organization	Prostaglandin G/H synthase 2	Bos taurus (cattle)
prostaglandin biosynthetic process	Prostaglandin G/H synthase 2	Bos taurus (cattle)
ovarian cumulus expansion	Prostaglandin G/H synthase 2	Bos taurus (cattle)
positive regulation of protein phosphorylation	Prostaglandin G/H synthase 2	Bos taurus (cattle)
response to oxidative stress	Prostaglandin G/H synthase 2	Bos taurus (cattle)
cyclooxygenase pathway	Prostaglandin G/H synthase 2	Bos taurus (cattle)
positive regulation of embryonic development	Prostaglandin G/H synthase 2	Bos taurus (cattle)
cellular response to interleukin-1	Prostaglandin G/H synthase 2	Bos taurus (cattle)
cellular oxidant detoxification	Prostaglandin G/H synthase 2	Bos taurus (cattle)
regulation of neuroinflammatory response	Prostaglandin G/H synthase 2	Bos taurus (cattle)
positive regulation of oocyte maturation	Prostaglandin G/H synthase 2	Bos taurus (cattle)
positive regulation of meiotic cell cycle process involved in oocyte maturation	Prostaglandin G/H synthase 2	Bos taurus (cattle)
smooth muscle contraction	Thromboxane A2 receptor	Homo sapiens (human)
G protein-coupled receptor signaling pathway	Thromboxane A2 receptor	Homo sapiens (human)
response to nutrient	Thromboxane A2 receptor	Homo sapiens (human)
response to xenobiotic stimulus	Thromboxane A2 receptor	Homo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of blood coagulation	Thromboxane A2 receptor	Homo sapiens (human)
response to testosterone	Thromboxane A2 receptor	Homo sapiens (human)
thromboxane A2 signaling pathway	Thromboxane A2 receptor	Homo sapiens (human)
response to ethanol	Thromboxane A2 receptor	Homo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of angiogenesis	Thromboxane A2 receptor	Homo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of smooth muscle contraction	Thromboxane A2 receptor	Homo sapiens (human)
cellular response to lipopolysaccharide	Thromboxane A2 receptor	Homo sapiens (human)
negative regulation of cell migration involved in sprouting angiogenesis	Thromboxane A2 receptor	Homo sapiens (human)
inflammatory response	Thromboxane A2 receptor	Homo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of blood pressure	Thromboxane A2 receptor	Homo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of vasoconstriction	Thromboxane A2 receptor	Homo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of cytosolic calcium ion concentration	Thromboxane A2 receptor	Homo sapiens (human)
adenylate cyclase-activating G protein-coupled receptor signaling pathway	Thromboxane A2 receptor	Homo sapiens (human)
G protein-coupled receptor signaling pathway	Prostaglandin E2 receptor EP1 subtype	Homo sapiens (human)
adenylate cyclase-activating dopamine receptor signaling pathway	Prostaglandin E2 receptor EP1 subtype	Homo sapiens (human)
response to lipopolysaccharide	Prostaglandin E2 receptor EP1 subtype	Homo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of cytosolic calcium ion concentration	Prostaglandin E2 receptor EP1 subtype	Homo sapiens (human)
inflammatory response	Prostaglandin E2 receptor EP1 subtype	Homo sapiens (human)
adenylate cyclase-activating G protein-coupled receptor signaling pathway	Prostaglandin E2 receptor EP1 subtype	Homo sapiens (human)
negative regulation of cytokine production	Prostaglandin E2 receptor EP4 subtype	Homo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of cytokine production	Prostaglandin E2 receptor EP4 subtype	Homo sapiens (human)
immune response	Prostaglandin E2 receptor EP4 subtype	Homo sapiens (human)
adenylate cyclase-modulating G protein-coupled receptor signaling pathway	Prostaglandin E2 receptor EP4 subtype	Homo sapiens (human)
JNK cascade	Prostaglandin E2 receptor EP4 subtype	Homo sapiens (human)
response to mechanical stimulus	Prostaglandin E2 receptor EP4 subtype	Homo sapiens (human)
response to nematode	Prostaglandin E2 receptor EP4 subtype	Homo sapiens (human)
regulation of ossification	Prostaglandin E2 receptor EP4 subtype	Homo sapiens (human)
response to lipopolysaccharide	Prostaglandin E2 receptor EP4 subtype	Homo sapiens (human)
negative regulation of integrin activation	Prostaglandin E2 receptor EP4 subtype	Homo sapiens (human)
T-helper cell differentiation	Prostaglandin E2 receptor EP4 subtype	Homo sapiens (human)
negative regulation of inflammatory response	Prostaglandin E2 receptor EP4 subtype	Homo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of inflammatory response	Prostaglandin E2 receptor EP4 subtype	Homo sapiens (human)
regulation of stress fiber assembly	Prostaglandin E2 receptor EP4 subtype	Homo sapiens (human)
bone development	Prostaglandin E2 receptor EP4 subtype	Homo sapiens (human)
ERK1 and ERK2 cascade	Prostaglandin E2 receptor EP4 subtype	Homo sapiens (human)
cellular response to mechanical stimulus	Prostaglandin E2 receptor EP4 subtype	Homo sapiens (human)
negative regulation of eosinophil extravasation	Prostaglandin E2 receptor EP4 subtype	Homo sapiens (human)
cellular response to prostaglandin E stimulus	Prostaglandin E2 receptor EP4 subtype	Homo sapiens (human)
adenylate cyclase-activating G protein-coupled receptor signaling pathway	Prostaglandin E2 receptor EP4 subtype	Homo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of cytosolic calcium ion concentration	Prostaglandin E2 receptor EP4 subtype	Homo sapiens (human)
inflammatory response	Prostaglandin E2 receptor EP4 subtype	Homo sapiens (human)
G protein-coupled receptor signaling pathway	Prostaglandin F2-alpha receptor	Homo sapiens (human)
parturition	Prostaglandin F2-alpha receptor	Homo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of cell population proliferation	Prostaglandin F2-alpha receptor	Homo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of gene expression	Prostaglandin F2-alpha receptor	Homo sapiens (human)
response to estradiol	Prostaglandin F2-alpha receptor	Homo sapiens (human)
response to lipopolysaccharide	Prostaglandin F2-alpha receptor	Homo sapiens (human)
negative regulation of apoptotic process	Prostaglandin F2-alpha receptor	Homo sapiens (human)
cellular response to prostaglandin D stimulus	Prostaglandin F2-alpha receptor	Homo sapiens (human)
inflammatory response	Prostaglandin F2-alpha receptor	Homo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of cytosolic calcium ion concentration	Prostaglandin F2-alpha receptor	Homo sapiens (human)
adenylate cyclase-activating G protein-coupled receptor signaling pathway	Prostaglandin F2-alpha receptor	Homo sapiens (human)
G protein-coupled receptor signaling pathway	Prostaglandin E2 receptor EP3 subtype	Homo sapiens (human)
cell death	Prostaglandin E2 receptor EP3 subtype	Homo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of fever generation	Prostaglandin E2 receptor EP3 subtype	Homo sapiens (human)
intestine smooth muscle contraction	Prostaglandin E2 receptor EP3 subtype	Homo sapiens (human)
phospholipase C-activating G protein-coupled receptor signaling pathway	Prostaglandin E2 receptor EP3 subtype	Homo sapiens (human)
adenylate cyclase-activating G protein-coupled receptor signaling pathway	Prostaglandin E2 receptor EP3 subtype	Homo sapiens (human)
inflammatory response	Prostaglandin E2 receptor EP3 subtype	Homo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of cytosolic calcium ion concentration	Prostaglandin E2 receptor EP3 subtype	Homo sapiens (human)
negative regulation of gastric acid secretion	Prostaglandin E2 receptor EP3 subtype	Homo sapiens (human)
G protein-coupled receptor signaling pathway	Prostaglandin E2 receptor EP2 subtype	Homo sapiens (human)
adenylate cyclase-activating G protein-coupled receptor signaling pathway	Prostaglandin E2 receptor EP2 subtype	Homo sapiens (human)
response to nematode	Prostaglandin E2 receptor EP2 subtype	Homo sapiens (human)
response to lipopolysaccharide	Prostaglandin E2 receptor EP2 subtype	Homo sapiens (human)
response to progesterone	Prostaglandin E2 receptor EP2 subtype	Homo sapiens (human)
regulation of cell population proliferation	Prostaglandin E2 receptor EP2 subtype	Homo sapiens (human)
cellular response to prostaglandin E stimulus	Prostaglandin E2 receptor EP2 subtype	Homo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of cytosolic calcium ion concentration	Prostaglandin E2 receptor EP2 subtype	Homo sapiens (human)
inflammatory response	Prostaglandin E2 receptor EP2 subtype	Homo sapiens (human)
G protein-coupled receptor signaling pathway, coupled to cyclic nucleotide second messenger	Prostacyclin receptor	Homo sapiens (human)
adenylate cyclase-activating G protein-coupled receptor signaling pathway	Prostacyclin receptor	Homo sapiens (human)
cell-cell signaling	Prostacyclin receptor	Homo sapiens (human)
negative regulation of platelet-derived growth factor receptor signaling pathway	Prostacyclin receptor	Homo sapiens (human)
response to lipopolysaccharide	Prostacyclin receptor	Homo sapiens (human)
negative regulation of smooth muscle cell proliferation	Prostacyclin receptor	Homo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of cytosolic calcium ion concentration	Prostacyclin receptor	Homo sapiens (human)
inflammatory response	Prostacyclin receptor	Homo sapiens (human)
G protein-coupled receptor signaling pathway	Prostaglandin D2 receptor	Homo sapiens (human)
male sex determination	Prostaglandin D2 receptor	Homo sapiens (human)
sleep	Prostaglandin D2 receptor	Homo sapiens (human)
mast cell degranulation	Prostaglandin D2 receptor	Homo sapiens (human)
adenosine metabolic process	Prostaglandin D2 receptor	Homo sapiens (human)
cellular response to prostaglandin D stimulus	Prostaglandin D2 receptor	Homo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of cytosolic calcium ion concentration	Prostaglandin D2 receptor	Homo sapiens (human)
inflammatory response	Prostaglandin D2 receptor	Homo sapiens (human)
[Information is prepared from geneontology information from the June-17-2024 release]

Process	via Protein(s)	Taxonomy
peroxidase activity	Prostaglandin G/H synthase 1	Bos taurus (cattle)
heme binding	Prostaglandin G/H synthase 1	Bos taurus (cattle)
metal ion binding	Prostaglandin G/H synthase 1	Bos taurus (cattle)
peroxidase activity	Prostaglandin G/H synthase 2	Bos taurus (cattle)
prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase activity	Prostaglandin G/H synthase 2	Bos taurus (cattle)
heme binding	Prostaglandin G/H synthase 2	Bos taurus (cattle)
metal ion binding	Prostaglandin G/H synthase 2	Bos taurus (cattle)
thromboxane A2 receptor activity	Thromboxane A2 receptor	Homo sapiens (human)
guanyl-nucleotide exchange factor activity	Thromboxane A2 receptor	Homo sapiens (human)
protein binding	Thromboxane A2 receptor	Homo sapiens (human)
D1 dopamine receptor binding	Prostaglandin E2 receptor EP1 subtype	Homo sapiens (human)
prostaglandin E receptor activity	Prostaglandin E2 receptor EP1 subtype	Homo sapiens (human)
prostaglandin E receptor activity	Prostaglandin E2 receptor EP4 subtype	Homo sapiens (human)
protein binding	Prostaglandin E2 receptor EP4 subtype	Homo sapiens (human)
prostaglandin F receptor activity	Prostaglandin F2-alpha receptor	Homo sapiens (human)
prostaglandin E receptor activity	Prostaglandin E2 receptor EP3 subtype	Homo sapiens (human)
prostaglandin E receptor activity	Prostaglandin E2 receptor EP2 subtype	Homo sapiens (human)
guanyl-nucleotide exchange factor activity	Prostacyclin receptor	Homo sapiens (human)
prostacyclin receptor activity	Prostacyclin receptor	Homo sapiens (human)
prostaglandin J receptor activity	Prostaglandin D2 receptor	Homo sapiens (human)
prostaglandin D receptor activity	Prostaglandin D2 receptor	Homo sapiens (human)
protein binding	Prostaglandin D2 receptor	Homo sapiens (human)
[Information is prepared from geneontology information from the June-17-2024 release]

Process	via Protein(s)	Taxonomy
endoplasmic reticulum membrane	Prostaglandin G/H synthase 1	Bos taurus (cattle)
nuclear inner membrane	Prostaglandin G/H synthase 2	Bos taurus (cattle)
nuclear outer membrane	Prostaglandin G/H synthase 2	Bos taurus (cattle)
endoplasmic reticulum membrane	Prostaglandin G/H synthase 2	Bos taurus (cattle)
acrosomal vesicle	Thromboxane A2 receptor	Homo sapiens (human)
plasma membrane	Thromboxane A2 receptor	Homo sapiens (human)
nuclear speck	Thromboxane A2 receptor	Homo sapiens (human)
plasma membrane	Thromboxane A2 receptor	Homo sapiens (human)
plasma membrane	Prostaglandin E2 receptor EP1 subtype	Homo sapiens (human)
plasma membrane	Prostaglandin E2 receptor EP1 subtype	Homo sapiens (human)
plasma membrane	Prostaglandin E2 receptor EP4 subtype	Homo sapiens (human)
membrane	Prostaglandin E2 receptor EP4 subtype	Homo sapiens (human)
plasma membrane	Prostaglandin E2 receptor EP4 subtype	Homo sapiens (human)
extracellular region	Prostaglandin F2-alpha receptor	Homo sapiens (human)
cytoplasm	Prostaglandin F2-alpha receptor	Homo sapiens (human)
plasma membrane	Prostaglandin F2-alpha receptor	Homo sapiens (human)
plasma membrane	Prostaglandin F2-alpha receptor	Homo sapiens (human)
nuclear envelope	Prostaglandin E2 receptor EP3 subtype	Homo sapiens (human)
plasma membrane	Prostaglandin E2 receptor EP3 subtype	Homo sapiens (human)
membrane	Prostaglandin E2 receptor EP3 subtype	Homo sapiens (human)
plasma membrane	Prostaglandin E2 receptor EP3 subtype	Homo sapiens (human)
plasma membrane	Prostaglandin E2 receptor EP2 subtype	Homo sapiens (human)
plasma membrane	Prostaglandin E2 receptor EP2 subtype	Homo sapiens (human)
cytosol	Prostacyclin receptor	Homo sapiens (human)
plasma membrane	Prostacyclin receptor	Homo sapiens (human)
plasma membrane	Prostacyclin receptor	Homo sapiens (human)
plasma membrane	Prostaglandin D2 receptor	Homo sapiens (human)
membrane	Prostaglandin D2 receptor	Homo sapiens (human)
plasma membrane	Prostaglandin D2 receptor	Homo sapiens (human)
[Information is prepared from geneontology information from the June-17-2024 release]

Assay ID	Title	Year	Journal	Article
AID187083	Mineral apposition measured Histomorphometrically after a dose of 250 ug/kg in proximal tibial metaphysis	2001	Journal of medicinal chemistry, Nov-22, Volume: 44, Issue:24	Synthesis and biological evaluation of prostaglandin-F alkylphosphinic acid derivatives as bone anabolic agents for the treatment of osteoporosis.
AID209330	Evaluated for percent maximum response relative to cloprostenol (n = 105)	2000	Journal of medicinal chemistry, Sep-07, Volume: 43, Issue:18	Synthesis and biological activity of a novel 11a-homo (cyclohexyl) prostaglandin.
AID161055	Affinity for Prostanoid EP3 receptor expressed in CHO cell line	2000	Journal of medicinal chemistry, Mar-09, Volume: 43, Issue:5	Design and synthesis of 13,14-dihydro prostaglandin F(1alpha) analogues as potent and selective ligands for the human FP receptor.
AID161196	Affinity for human Prostanoid FP receptor expressed in COS-7 cells	2000	Journal of medicinal chemistry, Mar-09, Volume: 43, Issue:5	Design and synthesis of 13,14-dihydro prostaglandin F(1alpha) analogues as potent and selective ligands for the human FP receptor.
AID169156	Bone Volume /Tissue Volume (%)measured Histomorphometrically after a dose of 250 ug/kg in proximal tibial metaphysis	2001	Journal of medicinal chemistry, Nov-22, Volume: 44, Issue:24	Synthesis and biological evaluation of prostaglandin-F alkylphosphinic acid derivatives as bone anabolic agents for the treatment of osteoporosis.
AID161070	Affinity for Prostanoid EP4 receptor expressed in CHO cells	2000	Journal of medicinal chemistry, Mar-09, Volume: 43, Issue:5	Design and synthesis of 13,14-dihydro prostaglandin F(1alpha) analogues as potent and selective ligands for the human FP receptor.
AID160529	Affinity for human Prostaglandin D2 receptor expressed in HEK293 cells	2000	Journal of medicinal chemistry, Mar-09, Volume: 43, Issue:5	Design and synthesis of 13,14-dihydro prostaglandin F(1alpha) analogues as potent and selective ligands for the human FP receptor.
AID169291	Bone Volume /Tissue Volume (%)measured using micro Computed Tomography(CT) after a dose of 250 ug/kg in Vertebral Bone	2001	Journal of medicinal chemistry, Nov-22, Volume: 44, Issue:24	Synthesis and biological evaluation of prostaglandin-F alkylphosphinic acid derivatives as bone anabolic agents for the treatment of osteoporosis.
AID187191	Periosteal mineral apposition rate measured Histomorphometrically after a dose of 250 ug/kg in Tibial Diaphysis	2001	Journal of medicinal chemistry, Nov-22, Volume: 44, Issue:24	Synthesis and biological evaluation of prostaglandin-F alkylphosphinic acid derivatives as bone anabolic agents for the treatment of osteoporosis.
AID175263	Directly measured thickness measured using micro Computed Tomography(CT) after a dose of 250 ug/kg in Vertebral Bone	2001	Journal of medicinal chemistry, Nov-22, Volume: 44, Issue:24	Synthesis and biological evaluation of prostaglandin-F alkylphosphinic acid derivatives as bone anabolic agents for the treatment of osteoporosis.
AID190805	Tissue area measured Histomorphometrically after a dose of 250 ug/kg in Tibial Diaphysis	2001	Journal of medicinal chemistry, Nov-22, Volume: 44, Issue:24	Synthesis and biological evaluation of prostaglandin-F alkylphosphinic acid derivatives as bone anabolic agents for the treatment of osteoporosis.
AID174810	Connectivity density measured using micro Computed Tomography(CT) after a dose of 250 ug/kg in Vertebral Bone	2001	Journal of medicinal chemistry, Nov-22, Volume: 44, Issue:24	Synthesis and biological evaluation of prostaglandin-F alkylphosphinic acid derivatives as bone anabolic agents for the treatment of osteoporosis.
AID180048	Endosteal mineralizing surface measured Histomorphometrically after a does of 250 ug/kg in Tibial Diaphysis	2001	Journal of medicinal chemistry, Nov-22, Volume: 44, Issue:24	Synthesis and biological evaluation of prostaglandin-F alkylphosphinic acid derivatives as bone anabolic agents for the treatment of osteoporosis.
AID169147	Bone Formation rate/bone measured Histomorphometrically after a dose of 250 ug/kg in proximal tibial metaphysis	2001	Journal of medicinal chemistry, Nov-22, Volume: 44, Issue:24	Synthesis and biological evaluation of prostaglandin-F alkylphosphinic acid derivatives as bone anabolic agents for the treatment of osteoporosis.
AID212808	Functional activity in RAT-1cells, transiently-transfected with human TP-receptor (% of control ligand, [3H]-U-46,619=100%)	2000	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters, Jul-17, Volume: 10, Issue:14	Synthesis and in vitro evaluation of human FP-receptor selective prostaglandin analogues.
AID161039	Affinity for Prostanoid EP2 receptor expressed in CHO cells	2000	Journal of medicinal chemistry, Mar-09, Volume: 43, Issue:5	Design and synthesis of 13,14-dihydro prostaglandin F(1alpha) analogues as potent and selective ligands for the human FP receptor.
AID184508	Mineralizing apposition measured Histomorphometrically after a dose of 250 ug/kg in Tibial Diaphysis	2001	Journal of medicinal chemistry, Nov-22, Volume: 44, Issue:24	Synthesis and biological evaluation of prostaglandin-F alkylphosphinic acid derivatives as bone anabolic agents for the treatment of osteoporosis.
AID187200	Periosteal mineralizing surface measured Histomorphometrically after a does of 250 ug/kg in Tibial Diaphysis	2001	Journal of medicinal chemistry, Nov-22, Volume: 44, Issue:24	Synthesis and biological evaluation of prostaglandin-F alkylphosphinic acid derivatives as bone anabolic agents for the treatment of osteoporosis.
AID191808	Trabecular no measured Histomorphometrically after a dose of 250 ug/kg in proximal tibial metaphysis	2001	Journal of medicinal chemistry, Nov-22, Volume: 44, Issue:24	Synthesis and biological evaluation of prostaglandin-F alkylphosphinic acid derivatives as bone anabolic agents for the treatment of osteoporosis.
AID160693	Functional activity in RAT-1cells, transiently-transfected with human FP-receptor (% of control ligand, fluprostenol=100%)	2000	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters, Jul-17, Volume: 10, Issue:14	Synthesis and in vitro evaluation of human FP-receptor selective prostaglandin analogues.
AID174912	Derived trabecular thickness measured using micro Computed Tomography(CT) after a dose of 250 ug/kg in Vertebral Bone	2001	Journal of medicinal chemistry, Nov-22, Volume: 44, Issue:24	Synthesis and biological evaluation of prostaglandin-F alkylphosphinic acid derivatives as bone anabolic agents for the treatment of osteoporosis.
AID160700	Displacement of [3H]PGF2-alpha from human FP-receptor expressed in CHO-KI cells	2000	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters, Jul-17, Volume: 10, Issue:14	Synthesis and in vitro evaluation of human FP-receptor selective prostaglandin analogues.
AID169541	Mineral surface/bone surface measured Histomorphometrically after a dose of 250 ug/kg in proximal tibial metaphysis	2001	Journal of medicinal chemistry, Nov-22, Volume: 44, Issue:24	Synthesis and biological evaluation of prostaglandin-F alkylphosphinic acid derivatives as bone anabolic agents for the treatment of osteoporosis.
AID191811	Trabecular thickness measured Histomorphometrically after a dose of 250 ug/kg in proximal tibial metaphysis	2001	Journal of medicinal chemistry, Nov-22, Volume: 44, Issue:24	Synthesis and biological evaluation of prostaglandin-F alkylphosphinic acid derivatives as bone anabolic agents for the treatment of osteoporosis.
AID161214	Affinity for Prostanoid TP receptor expressed in CHO cells	2000	Journal of medicinal chemistry, Mar-09, Volume: 43, Issue:5	Design and synthesis of 13,14-dihydro prostaglandin F(1alpha) analogues as potent and selective ligands for the human FP receptor.
AID160545	Functional activity in RAT-1cells, transiently-transfected with human Prostaglandin E receptor EP1 (% of control ligand, 17-phi-PGE2=80%)	2000	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters, Jul-17, Volume: 10, Issue:14	Synthesis and in vitro evaluation of human FP-receptor selective prostaglandin analogues.
AID160553	Functional activity in RAT-1cells, transiently-transfected with human Prostaglandin E receptor EP3(% of control ligand, sulprostone=75%)	2000	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters, Jul-17, Volume: 10, Issue:14	Synthesis and in vitro evaluation of human FP-receptor selective prostaglandin analogues.
AID185550	Marrow area measured Histomorphometrically after a dose of 250 ug/kg in Tibial Diaphysis	2001	Journal of medicinal chemistry, Nov-22, Volume: 44, Issue:24	Synthesis and biological evaluation of prostaglandin-F alkylphosphinic acid derivatives as bone anabolic agents for the treatment of osteoporosis.
AID160747	Affinity for Prostaglandin I2 receptor expressed in CHO cells	2000	Journal of medicinal chemistry, Mar-09, Volume: 43, Issue:5	Design and synthesis of 13,14-dihydro prostaglandin F(1alpha) analogues as potent and selective ligands for the human FP receptor.
AID160913	Affinity for Prostanoid EP1 receptor expressed in COS-7 cells.	2000	Journal of medicinal chemistry, Mar-09, Volume: 43, Issue:5	Design and synthesis of 13,14-dihydro prostaglandin F(1alpha) analogues as potent and selective ligands for the human FP receptor.
AID180033	Endosteal eroded surface measured Histomorphometrically after a dose of 250 ug/kg in Tibial Diaphysis	2001	Journal of medicinal chemistry, Nov-22, Volume: 44, Issue:24	Synthesis and biological evaluation of prostaglandin-F alkylphosphinic acid derivatives as bone anabolic agents for the treatment of osteoporosis.
AID174911	Derived trabecular no measured using micro Computed Tomography(CT) after a dose of 6000 ug/kg in Vertebral Bone	2001	Journal of medicinal chemistry, Nov-22, Volume: 44, Issue:24	Synthesis and biological evaluation of prostaglandin-F alkylphosphinic acid derivatives as bone anabolic agents for the treatment of osteoporosis.
AID169150	Bone Formation rate/tissue vol measured Histomorphometrically after a does of 250 ug/kg in proximal tibial metaphysis	2001	Journal of medicinal chemistry, Nov-22, Volume: 44, Issue:24	Synthesis and biological evaluation of prostaglandin-F alkylphosphinic acid derivatives as bone anabolic agents for the treatment of osteoporosis.
AID209329	Evaluated for its concentration at which 50% of maximal stimulation of phosphoinositide turnover was observed	2000	Journal of medicinal chemistry, Sep-07, Volume: 43, Issue:18	Synthesis and biological activity of a novel 11a-homo (cyclohexyl) prostaglandin.
AID161200	Inhibitory Binding constant (n=2) to Prostanoid FP receptor expressed in bovine corpus luteum	2000	Journal of medicinal chemistry, Sep-07, Volume: 43, Issue:18	Synthesis and biological activity of a novel 11a-homo (cyclohexyl) prostaglandin.
AID1347154	Primary screen GU AMC qHTS for Zika virus inhibitors	2020	Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, 12-08, Volume: 117, Issue:49	Therapeutic candidates for the Zika virus identified by a high-throughput screen for Zika protease inhibitors.
AID1508630	Primary qHTS for small molecule stabilizers of the endoplasmic reticulum resident proteome: Secreted ER Calcium Modulated Protein (SERCaMP) assay	2021	Cell reports, 04-27, Volume: 35, Issue:4	A target-agnostic screen identifies approved drugs to stabilize the endoplasmic reticulum-resident proteome.
AID1346422	Human TP receptor (Prostanoid receptors)	2000	Biochimica et biophysica acta, Jan-17, Volume: 1483, Issue:2	The utilization of recombinant prostanoid receptors to determine the affinities and selectivities of prostaglandins and related analogs.
AID1346343	Human EP3 receptor (Prostanoid receptors)	2000	Biochimica et biophysica acta, Jan-17, Volume: 1483, Issue:2	The utilization of recombinant prostanoid receptors to determine the affinities and selectivities of prostaglandins and related analogs.
AID1346394	Human FP receptor (Prostanoid receptors)	2000	Biochimica et biophysica acta, Jan-17, Volume: 1483, Issue:2	The utilization of recombinant prostanoid receptors to determine the affinities and selectivities of prostaglandins and related analogs.
AID1346343	Human EP3 receptor (Prostanoid receptors)	1998	The Journal of pharmacology and experimental therapeutics, Aug, Volume: 286, Issue:2	Pharmacology of [3H]prostaglandin E1/[3H]prostaglandin E2 and [3H]prostaglandin F2alpha binding to EP3 and FP prostaglandin receptor binding sites in bovine corpus luteum: characterization and correlation with functional data.
AID1346408	Human EP1 receptor (Prostanoid receptors)	2000	Biochimica et biophysica acta, Jan-17, Volume: 1483, Issue:2	The utilization of recombinant prostanoid receptors to determine the affinities and selectivities of prostaglandins and related analogs.
AID1346377	Human DP1 receptor (Prostanoid receptors)	2000	Biochimica et biophysica acta, Jan-17, Volume: 1483, Issue:2	The utilization of recombinant prostanoid receptors to determine the affinities and selectivities of prostaglandins and related analogs.
AID1346408	Human EP1 receptor (Prostanoid receptors)	2002	The Journal of pharmacy and pharmacology, Apr, Volume: 54, Issue:4	Cloned human EP1 prostanoid receptor pharmacology characterized using radioligand binding techniques.
AID588519	A screen for compounds that inhibit viral RNA polymerase binding and polymerization activities	2011	Antiviral research, Sep, Volume: 91, Issue:3	High-throughput screening identification of poliovirus RNA-dependent RNA polymerase inhibitors.
[information is prepared from bioassay data collected from National Library of Medicine (NLM), extracted Dec-2023]

Timeframe	Studies, This Drug (%)	All Drugs %
pre-1990	187 (14.79)	18.7374
1990's	134 (10.60)	18.2507
2000's	522 (41.30)	29.6817
2010's	367 (29.03)	24.3611
2020's	54 (4.27)	2.80
[information is prepared from research data collected from National Library of Medicine (NLM), extracted Dec-2023]

Publication Type	This drug (%)	All Drugs (%)
Trials	357 (26.15%)	5.53%
Reviews	74 (5.42%)	6.00%
Case Studies	76 (5.57%)	4.05%
Observational	7 (0.51%)	0.25%
Other	851 (62.34%)	84.16%
[information is prepared from research data collected from National Library of Medicine (NLM), extracted Dec-2023]

Clinical Trials (3)

Trial Overview

Trial	Phase	Enrollment	Study Type	Start Date	Status
A Twelve-Month Open-Label Safety Study of Polyquaternium-Preserved DuoTrav APS Dosed Once Daily in Patients With Open-Angle Glaucoma or Ocular Hypertension [NCT00928590]	Phase 3	155 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2009-07-31	Completed
[NCT00862472]	Phase 3	0 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2009-03-31	Withdrawn(stopped due to Management decision not to conduct an additional efficacy study.)
24-Hour Intraocular Pressure Control Obtained With the Bimatoprost/Timolol Fixed Combination Compared With Latanoprost as First Choice Therapy in Subjects With Exfoliation Syndrome, or Exfoliative Glaucoma [NCT01448837]	Phase 4	37 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2010-04-30	Completed
[information is prepared from clinicaltrials.gov, extracted Sep-2024]

Substance	Relationship Strength	Studies	Trials	Classes	Roles
adenine [no description available]	2.05	1	0	6-aminopurines; purine nucleobase	Daphnia magna metabolite; Escherichia coli metabolite; human metabolite; mouse metabolite; Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite
chlorine chloride : A halide anion formed when chlorine picks up an electron to form an an anion.	2.05	1	0	halide anion; monoatomic chlorine	cofactor; Escherichia coli metabolite; human metabolite
salicylic acid Scalp: The outer covering of the calvaria. It is composed of several layers: SKIN; subcutaneous connective tissue; the occipitofrontal muscle which includes the tendinous galea aponeurotica; loose connective tissue; and the pericranium (the PERIOSTEUM of the SKULL).	2.48	2	0	monohydroxybenzoic acid	algal metabolite; antifungal agent; antiinfective agent; EC 1.11.1.11 (L-ascorbate peroxidase) inhibitor; keratolytic drug; plant hormone; plant metabolite
formaldehyde paraform: polymerized formaldehyde; RN given refers to parent cpd; used in root canal therapy	4.41	2	2	aldehyde; one-carbon compound	allergen; carcinogenic agent; disinfectant; EC 3.5.1.4 (amidase) inhibitor; environmental contaminant; Escherichia coli metabolite; mouse metabolite; Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite
glycerol Moon: The natural satellite of the planet Earth. It includes the lunar cycles or phases, the lunar month, lunar landscapes, geography, and soil.	2	1	0	alditol; triol	algal metabolite; detergent; Escherichia coli metabolite; geroprotector; human metabolite; mouse metabolite; osmolyte; Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite; solvent
iodine Iodine: A nonmetallic element of the halogen group that is represented by the atomic symbol I, atomic number 53, and atomic weight of 126.90. It is a nutritionally essential element, especially important in thyroid hormone synthesis. In solution, it has anti-infective properties and is used topically.. diiodine : Molecule comprising two covalently bonded iodine atoms with overall zero charge..	2	1	0	diatomic iodine	nutrient
melatonin [no description available]	2.66	3	0	acetamides; tryptamines	anticonvulsant; central nervous system depressant; geroprotector; hormone; human metabolite; immunological adjuvant; mouse metabolite; radical scavenger
nitrates Nitrates: Inorganic or organic salts and esters of nitric acid. These compounds contain the NO3- radical.	2.41	2	0	monovalent inorganic anion; nitrogen oxoanion; reactive nitrogen species
propylene glycol Propylene Glycol: A clear, colorless, viscous organic solvent and diluent used in pharmaceutical preparations.. propane-1,2-diol : The simplest member of the class of propane-1,2-diols, consisting of propane in which a hydrogen at position 1 and a hydrogen at position 2 are substituted by hydroxy groups. A colourless, viscous, hygroscopic, low-melting (-59degreeC) and high-boiling (188degreeC) liquid with low toxicity, it is used as a solvent, emulsifying agent, and antifreeze.	1.98	1	0	glycol; propane-1,2-diols	allergen; human xenobiotic metabolite; mouse metabolite; protic solvent
urea pseudourea: clinical use; structure. isourea : A carboximidic acid that is the imidic acid tautomer of urea, H2NC(=NH)OH, and its hydrocarbyl derivatives.	2	1	0	isourea; monocarboxylic acid amide; one-carbon compound	Daphnia magna metabolite; Escherichia coli metabolite; fertilizer; flour treatment agent; human metabolite; mouse metabolite; Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite
acetazolamide Acetazolamide: One of the CARBONIC ANHYDRASE INHIBITORS that is sometimes effective against absence seizures. It is sometimes useful also as an adjunct in the treatment of tonic-clonic, myoclonic, and atonic seizures, particularly in women whose seizures occur or are exacerbated at specific times in the menstrual cycle. However, its usefulness is transient often because of rapid development of tolerance. Its antiepileptic effect may be due to its inhibitory effect on brain carbonic anhydrase, which leads to an increased transneuronal chloride gradient, increased chloride current, and increased inhibition. (From Smith and Reynard, Textbook of Pharmacology, 1991, p337)	4.69	3	2	monocarboxylic acid amide; sulfonamide; thiadiazoles	anticonvulsant; diuretic; EC 4.2.1.1 (carbonic anhydrase) inhibitor
alendronate alendronic acid : A 1,1-bis(phosphonic acid) that is methanebis(phosphonic acid) in which the two methylene hydrogens are replaced by hydroxy and 3-aminopropyl groups.	2	1	0	1,1-bis(phosphonic acid); primary amino compound	bone density conservation agent; EC 2.5.1.1 (dimethylallyltranstransferase) inhibitor
apraclonidine apraclonidine: relieves postoperative intraocular pressure following trabeculoplasty; RN given refers to parent cpd. apraclonidine : An imidazoline that is 2-amino 4,5-dihydro-1H-imidazoline in which one of the exocyclic amino hydrogens has been replaced by a 4-amino-2,6-dichlorophenyl group.	2.08	1	0	dichlorobenzene; guanidines; imidazolines	alpha-adrenergic agonist; antiglaucoma drug; beta-adrenergic agonist; diagnostic agent; ophthalmology drug
betaxolol [no description available]	5.98	4	2	propanolamine	antihypertensive agent; beta-adrenergic antagonist; sympatholytic agent
verapamil Verapamil: A calcium channel blocker that is a class IV anti-arrhythmia agent.. verapamil : A racemate comprising equimolar amounts of dexverapamil and (S)-verapamil. An L-type calcium channel blocker of the phenylalkylamine class, it is used (particularly as the hydrochloride salt) in the treatment of hypertension, angina pectoris and cardiac arrhythmia, and as a preventive medication for migraine.. 2-(3,4-dimethoxyphenyl)-5-{[2-(3,4-dimethoxyphenyl)ethyl](methyl)amino}-2-(propan-2-yl)pentanenitrile : A tertiary amino compound that is 3,4-dimethoxyphenylethylamine in which the hydrogens attached to the nitrogen are replaced by a methyl group and a 4-cyano-4-(3,4-dimethoxyphenyl)-5-methylhexyl group.	3.09	1	0	aromatic ether; nitrile; polyether; tertiary amino compound
carteolol Carteolol: A beta-adrenergic antagonist used as an anti-arrhythmia agent, an anti-angina agent, an antihypertensive agent, and an antiglaucoma agent.	3.85	2	1	quinolone; secondary alcohol	anti-arrhythmia drug; antiglaucoma drug; antihypertensive agent; beta-adrenergic antagonist; sympatholytic agent
clenbuterol Clenbuterol: A substituted phenylaminoethanol that has beta-2 adrenomimetic properties at very low doses. It is used as a bronchodilator in asthma.. clenbuterol : A substituted aniline that is 2,6-dichloroaniline in which the hydrogen at position 4 has been replaced by a 2-(tert-butylamino)-1-hydroxyethyl group.	7.41	2	0	amino alcohol; dichlorobenzene; ethanolamines; primary arylamine; secondary amino compound; substituted aniline	beta-adrenergic agonist; bronchodilator agent; sympathomimetic agent
clonidine Clonidine: An imidazoline sympatholytic agent that stimulates ALPHA-2 ADRENERGIC RECEPTORS and central IMIDAZOLINE RECEPTORS. It is commonly used in the management of HYPERTENSION.. clonidine (amino form) : A clonidine that is 4,5-dihydro-1H-imidazol-2-amine in which one of the amino hydrogens is replaced by a 2,6-dichlorophenyl group.	2.08	1	0	clonidine; imidazoline
diclofenac Diclofenac: A non-steroidal anti-inflammatory agent (NSAID) with antipyretic and analgesic actions. It is primarily available as the sodium salt.. diclofenac : A monocarboxylic acid consisting of phenylacetic acid having a (2,6-dichlorophenyl)amino group at the 2-position.	2.05	1	0	amino acid; aromatic amine; dichlorobenzene; monocarboxylic acid; secondary amino compound	antipyretic; drug allergen; EC 1.14.99.1 (prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase) inhibitor; environmental contaminant; non-narcotic analgesic; non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug; xenobiotic
erythrosine Fluoresceins: A family of spiro(isobenzofuran-1(3H),9'-(9H)xanthen)-3-one derivatives. These are used as dyes, as indicators for various metals, and as fluorescent labels in immunoassays.	2.74	3	0
fentanyl Fentanyl: A potent narcotic analgesic, abuse of which leads to habituation or addiction. It is primarily a mu-opioid agonist. Fentanyl is also used as an adjunct to general anesthetics, and as an anesthetic for induction and maintenance. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p1078). fentanyl : A monocarboxylic acid amide resulting from the formal condensation of the aryl amino group of N-phenyl-1-(2-phenylethyl)piperidin-4-amine with propanoic acid.	2.06	1	0	anilide; monocarboxylic acid amide; piperidines	adjuvant; anaesthesia adjuvant; anaesthetic; intravenous anaesthetic; mu-opioid receptor agonist; opioid analgesic
gentamicin Gentamicins: A complex of closely related aminoglycosides obtained from MICROMONOSPORA purpurea and related species. They are broad-spectrum antibiotics, but may cause ear and kidney damage. They act to inhibit PROTEIN BIOSYNTHESIS.	3.44	1	1
guaifenesin Guaifenesin: An expectorant that also has some muscle relaxing action. It is used in many cough preparations.	2.07	1	0	methoxybenzenes
1-(5-isoquinolinesulfonyl)-2-methylpiperazine 1-(5-Isoquinolinesulfonyl)-2-Methylpiperazine: A specific protein kinase C inhibitor, which inhibits superoxide release from human neutrophils (PMN) stimulated with phorbol myristate acetate or synthetic diacylglycerol.. 1-(5-isoquinolinesulfonyl)-2-methylpiperazine : A member of the class of N-sulfonylpiperazines that is 2-methylpiperazine substituted at position 1 by a 5-isoquinolinesulfonyl group.	2.05	1	0	isoquinolines; N-sulfonylpiperazine	EC 2.7.11.13 (protein kinase C) inhibitor
ifosfamide [no description available]	2.11	1	0	ifosfamides	alkylating agent; antineoplastic agent; environmental contaminant; immunosuppressive agent; xenobiotic
indomethacin Indomethacin: A non-steroidal anti-inflammatory agent (NSAID) that inhibits CYCLOOXYGENASE, which is necessary for the formation of PROSTAGLANDINS and other AUTACOIDS. It also inhibits the motility of POLYMORPHONUCLEAR LEUKOCYTES.. indometacin : A member of the class of indole-3-acetic acids that is indole-3-acetic acid in which the indole ring is substituted at positions 1, 2 and 5 by p-chlorobenzoyl, methyl, and methoxy groups, respectively. A non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug, it is used in the treatment of musculoskeletal and joint disorders including osteoarthritis, rheumatoid arthritis, gout, bursitis and tendinitis.	3.37	7	0	aromatic ether; indole-3-acetic acids; monochlorobenzenes; N-acylindole	analgesic; drug metabolite; EC 1.14.99.1 (prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase) inhibitor; environmental contaminant; gout suppressant; non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug; xenobiotic metabolite; xenobiotic
1-methyl-3-isobutylxanthine 1-Methyl-3-isobutylxanthine: A potent cyclic nucleotide phosphodiesterase inhibitor; due to this action, the compound increases cyclic AMP and cyclic GMP in tissue and thereby activates CYCLIC NUCLEOTIDE-REGULATED PROTEIN KINASES. 3-isobutyl-1-methylxanthine : An oxopurine that is xanthine which is substituted at positions 1 and 3 by methyl and isobutyl groups, respectively.	2.38	2	0	3-isobutyl-1-methylxanthine
2-propanol 2-Propanol: An isomer of 1-PROPANOL. It is a colorless liquid having disinfectant properties. It is used in the manufacture of acetone and its derivatives and as a solvent. Topically, it is used as an antiseptic.. propan-2-ol : A secondary alcohol that is propane in which one of the hydrogens attached to the central carbon is substituted by a hydroxy group.	9.79	12	4	secondary alcohol; secondary fatty alcohol	protic solvent
isoproterenol Isoproterenol: Isopropyl analog of EPINEPHRINE; beta-sympathomimetic that acts on the heart, bronchi, skeletal muscle, alimentary tract, etc. It is used mainly as bronchodilator and heart stimulant.. isoprenaline : A secondary amino compound that is noradrenaline in which one of the hydrogens attached to the nitrogen is replaced by an isopropyl group. A sympathomimetic acting almost exclusively on beta-adrenergic receptors, it is used (mainly as the hydrochloride salt) as a bronghodilator and heart stimulant for the management of a variety of cardiac disorders.	2.66	3	0	catechols; secondary alcohol; secondary amino compound	beta-adrenergic agonist; bronchodilator agent; cardiotonic drug; sympathomimetic agent
ketamine Ketamine: A cyclohexanone derivative used for induction of anesthesia. Its mechanism of action is not well understood, but ketamine can block NMDA receptors (RECEPTORS, N-METHYL-D-ASPARTATE) and may interact with sigma receptors.. ketamine : A member of the class of cyclohexanones in which one of the hydrogens at position 2 is substituted by a 2-chlorophenyl group, while the other is substituted by a methylamino group.	2.06	1	0	cyclohexanones; monochlorobenzenes; secondary amino compound	analgesic; environmental contaminant; intravenous anaesthetic; neurotoxin; NMDA receptor antagonist; xenobiotic
letrozole [no description available]	2.13	1	0	nitrile; triazoles	antineoplastic agent; EC 1.14.14.14 (aromatase) inhibitor
mesalamine Mesalamine: An anti-inflammatory agent, structurally related to the SALICYLATES, which is active in INFLAMMATORY BOWEL DISEASE. It is considered to be the active moiety of SULPHASALAZINE. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed). mesalamine : A monohydroxybenzoic acid that is salicylic acid substituted by an amino group at the 5-position.	2.01	1	0	amino acid; aromatic amine; monocarboxylic acid; monohydroxybenzoic acid; phenols	non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug
minoxidil Minoxidil: A potent direct-acting peripheral vasodilator (VASODILATOR AGENTS) that reduces peripheral resistance and produces a fall in BLOOD PRESSURE. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p371). minoxidil : A pyrimidine N-oxide that is pyrimidine-2,4-diamine 3-oxide substituted by a piperidin-1-yl group at position 6.	6.77	3	3	dialkylarylamine; tertiary amino compound
molsidomine Molsidomine: A morpholinyl sydnone imine ethyl ester, having a nitrogen in place of the keto oxygen. It acts as NITRIC OXIDE DONORS and is a vasodilator that has been used in ANGINA PECTORIS.. molsidomine : A member of the class of oxadiazoles that is 1,2,3-oxadiazole substituted by morpholin-4-yl and (ethoxycarbonyl)azanidyl groups at positions 3 and 5, respectively. It is used as a vasodilator drug for the treatment of myocardial ischemic syndrome and congestive heart failure.	2.06	1	0	ethyl ester; morpholines; oxadiazole; zwitterion	antioxidant; apoptosis inhibitor; cardioprotective agent; nitric oxide donor; vasodilator agent
activins Activins: Activins are produced in the pituitary, gonads, and other tissues. By acting locally, they stimulate pituitary FSH secretion and have diverse effects on cell differentiation and embryonic development. Activins are glycoproteins that are hetero- or homodimers of INHIBIN-BETA SUBUNITS.	1.98	1	0
naphazoline Naphazoline: An adrenergic vasoconstrictor agent used as a decongestant.	2.06	1	0	naphthalenes
nimesulide nimesulide: structure. nimesulide : An aromatic ether having phenyl and 2-methylsulfonamido-5-nitrophenyl as the two aryl groups.	2.47	2	0	aromatic ether; C-nitro compound; sulfonamide	cyclooxygenase 2 inhibitor; non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug
ofloxacin Ofloxacin: A synthetic fluoroquinolone antibacterial agent that inhibits the supercoiling activity of bacterial DNA GYRASE, halting DNA REPLICATION.. 9-fluoro-3-methyl-10-(4-methylpiperazin-1-yl)-7-oxo-2,3-dihydro-7H-[1,4]oxazino[2,3,4-ij]quinoline-6-carboxylic acid : An oxazinoquinoline that is 2,3-dihydro-7H-[1,4]oxazino[2,3,4-ij]quinolin-7-one substituted by methyl, carboxy, fluoro, and 4-methylpiperazin-1-yl groups at positions 3, 6, 9, and 10, respectively.. ofloxacin : A racemate comprising equimolar amounts of levofloxacin and dextrofloxacin. It is a synthetic fluoroquinolone antibacterial agent which inhibits the supercoiling activity of bacterial DNA gyrase, halting DNA replication.	2.01	1	0	3-oxo monocarboxylic acid; N-arylpiperazine; N-methylpiperazine; organofluorine compound; oxazinoquinoline
omeprazole Omeprazole: A 4-methoxy-3,5-dimethylpyridyl, 5-methoxybenzimidazole derivative of timoprazole that is used in the therapy of STOMACH ULCERS and ZOLLINGER-ELLISON SYNDROME. The drug inhibits an H(+)-K(+)-EXCHANGING ATPASE which is found in GASTRIC PARIETAL CELLS.. omeprazole : A racemate comprising equimolar amounts of (R)- and (S)-omeprazole.. 5-methoxy-2-{[(4-methoxy-3,5-dimethylpyridin-2-yl)methyl]sulfinyl}-1H-benzimidazole : A member of the class of benzimidazoles that is 1H-benzimidazole which is substituted by a [4-methoxy-3,5-dimethylpyridin-2-yl)methyl]sulfinyl group at position 2 and a methoxy group at position 5.	3.11	1	0	aromatic ether; benzimidazoles; pyridines; sulfoxide
pd 98059 2-(2-amino-3-methoxyphenyl)-4H-1-benzopyran-4-one: inhibits MAP kinase kinase (MEK) activity, p42 MAPK and p44 MAPK; structure in first source. 2-(2-amino-3-methoxyphenyl)chromen-4-one : A member of the class of monomethoxyflavones that is 3'-methoxyflavone bearing an additional amino substituent at position 2'.	2.01	1	0	aromatic amine; monomethoxyflavone	EC 2.7.11.24 (mitogen-activated protein kinase) inhibitor; geroprotector
pentobarbital Pentobarbital: A short-acting barbiturate that is effective as a sedative and hypnotic (but not as an anti-anxiety) agent and is usually given orally. It is prescribed more frequently for sleep induction than for sedation but, like similar agents, may lose its effectiveness by the second week of continued administration. (From AMA Drug Evaluations Annual, 1994, p236). pentobarbital : A member of the class of barbiturates, the structure of which is that of barbituric acid substituted at C-5 by ethyl and sec-pentyl groups.	1.95	1	0	barbiturates	GABAA receptor agonist
potassium chloride Potassium Chloride: A white crystal or crystalline powder used in BUFFERS; FERTILIZERS; and EXPLOSIVES. It can be used to replenish ELECTROLYTES and restore WATER-ELECTROLYTE BALANCE in treating HYPOKALEMIA.. potassium chloride : A metal chloride salt with a K(+) counterion.	2.01	1	0	inorganic chloride; inorganic potassium salt; potassium salt	fertilizer
sodium fluoride [no description available]	2.01	1	0	fluoride salt	mutagen
ponalrestat [no description available]	2.11	1	0	phthalazines
w 7 W 7: RN given refers to parent cpd; structure; calmodulin antagonist	1.98	1	0
zinc chloride zinc chloride: RN given refers to parent cpd. zinc dichloride : A compound of zinc and chloride ions in the ratio 1:2. It exists in four crystalline forms, in each of which the Zn(2+) ions are trigonal planar coordinated to four chloride ions.	2.05	1	0	inorganic chloride; zinc molecular entity	astringent; disinfectant; EC 5.3.3.5 (cholestenol Delta-isomerase) inhibitor; Lewis acid
prednisolone Prednisolone: A glucocorticoid with the general properties of the corticosteroids. It is the drug of choice for all conditions in which routine systemic corticosteroid therapy is indicated, except adrenal deficiency states.. prednisolone : A glucocorticoid that is prednisone in which the oxo group at position 11 has been reduced to the corresponding beta-hydroxy group. It is a drug metabolite of prednisone.	2.42	2	0	11beta-hydroxy steroid; 17alpha-hydroxy steroid; 20-oxo steroid; 21-hydroxy steroid; 3-oxo-Delta(1),Delta(4)-steroid; C21-steroid; glucocorticoid; primary alpha-hydroxy ketone; tertiary alpha-hydroxy ketone	adrenergic agent; anti-inflammatory drug; antineoplastic agent; drug metabolite; environmental contaminant; immunosuppressive agent; xenobiotic
estriol hormonin: estrogen replacement; each tablet contains 600 ug micronized 17beta-estradiol, 270 ug estriol and 1.4 mg estrone. chlorapatite : A phosphate mineral with the formula Ca5(PO4)3Cl.	3.43	1	1	16alpha-hydroxy steroid; 17beta-hydroxy steroid; 3-hydroxy steroid	estrogen; human metabolite; human xenobiotic metabolite; mouse metabolite
hydroxyproline Hydroxyproline: A hydroxylated form of the imino acid proline. A deficiency in ASCORBIC ACID can result in impaired hydroxyproline formation.. hydroxyproline : A proline derivative that is proline substituted by at least one hydroxy group.	3.34	1	1	4-hydroxyproline; L-alpha-amino acid zwitterion	human metabolite; mouse metabolite; plant metabolite
thyroxine Thyroxine: The major hormone derived from the thyroid gland. Thyroxine is synthesized via the iodination of tyrosines (MONOIODOTYROSINE) and the coupling of iodotyrosines (DIIODOTYROSINE) in the THYROGLOBULIN. Thyroxine is released from thyroglobulin by proteolysis and secreted into the blood. Thyroxine is peripherally deiodinated to form TRIIODOTHYRONINE which exerts a broad spectrum of stimulatory effects on cell metabolism.. thyroxine : An iodothyronine compound having iodo substituents at the 3-, 3'-, 5- and 5'-positions.	2.65	3	0	2-halophenol; iodophenol; L-phenylalanine derivative; non-proteinogenic L-alpha-amino acid; thyroxine zwitterion; thyroxine	antithyroid drug; human metabolite; mouse metabolite; thyroid hormone
carbachol Carbachol: A slowly hydrolyzed CHOLINERGIC AGONIST that acts at both MUSCARINIC RECEPTORS and NICOTINIC RECEPTORS.	2.42	2	0	ammonium salt; carbamate ester	cardiotonic drug; miotic; muscarinic agonist; nicotinic acetylcholine receptor agonist; non-narcotic analgesic
prednisolone acetate prednisolone acetate: RN given refers to cpd with locant for acetate group in position 21 & (11 beta)-isomer	2.01	1	0	corticosteroid hormone
estrone Hydroxyestrones: Estrone derivatives substituted with one or more hydroxyl groups in any position. They are important metabolites of estrone and other estrogens.	3.07	5	0	17-oxo steroid; 3-hydroxy steroid; phenolic steroid; phenols	antineoplastic agent; bone density conservation agent; estrogen; human metabolite; mouse metabolite
androsterone [no description available]	2.01	1	0	17-oxo steroid; 3alpha-hydroxy steroid; androstanoid; C19-steroid	androgen; anticonvulsant; human blood serum metabolite; human metabolite; human urinary metabolite; mouse metabolite; pheromone
pilocarpine Pilocarpine: A slowly hydrolyzed muscarinic agonist with no nicotinic effects. Pilocarpine is used as a miotic and in the treatment of glaucoma.. (+)-pilocarpine : The (+)-enantiomer of pilocarpine.	5.26	4	3	pilocarpine	antiglaucoma drug
phenylephrine Phenylephrine: An alpha-1 adrenergic agonist used as a mydriatic, nasal decongestant, and cardiotonic agent.. phenylephrine : A member of the class of the class of phenylethanolamines that is (1R)-2-(methylamino)-1-phenylethan-1-ol carrying an additional hydroxy substituent at position 3 on the phenyl ring.	2.02	1	0	phenols; phenylethanolamines; secondary amino compound	alpha-adrenergic agonist; cardiotonic drug; mydriatic agent; nasal decongestant; protective agent; sympathomimetic agent; vasoconstrictor agent
acepromazine Acepromazine: A phenothiazine that is used in the treatment of PSYCHOSES.. acepromazine : A member of the class of phenothiazines that is 10H-phenothiazine substituted by an acetyl group at position 2 and a 3-(dimethylamino)propyl group at position 10.	3.43	1	1	aromatic ketone; methyl ketone; phenothiazines; tertiary amino compound	phenothiazine antipsychotic drug
androstenedione Androstenedione: A delta-4 C19 steroid that is produced not only in the TESTIS, but also in the OVARY and the ADRENAL CORTEX. Depending on the tissue type, androstenedione can serve as a precursor to TESTOSTERONE as well as ESTRONE and ESTRADIOL.. androst-4-ene-3,17-dione : A 3-oxo Delta(4)-steroid that is androst-4-ene substituted by oxo groups at positions 3 and 17. It is a steroid hormone synthesized in the adrenal glands and gonads.	3.23	6	0	17-oxo steroid; 3-oxo-Delta(4) steroid; androstanoid	androgen; Daphnia magna metabolite; human metabolite; mouse metabolite
lactose Lactose: A disaccharide of GLUCOSE and GALACTOSE in human and cow milk. It is used in pharmacy for tablets, in medicine as a nutrient, and in industry.. lactose : A glycosylglucose disaccharide, found most notably in milk, that consists of D-galactose and D-glucose fragments bonded through a beta-1->4 glycosidic linkage. The glucose fragment can be in either the alpha- or beta-pyranose form, whereas the galactose fragment can only have the beta-pyranose form.. beta-lactose : The beta-anomer of lactose.	1.97	1	0	lactose
phenylalanine Phenylalanine: An essential aromatic amino acid that is a precursor of MELANIN; DOPAMINE; noradrenalin (NOREPINEPHRINE), and THYROXINE.. L-phenylalanine : The L-enantiomer of phenylalanine.. phenylalanine : An aromatic amino acid that is alanine in which one of the methyl hydrogens is substituted by a phenyl group.	2.01	1	0	amino acid zwitterion; erythrose 4-phosphate/phosphoenolpyruvate family amino acid; L-alpha-amino acid; phenylalanine; proteinogenic amino acid	algal metabolite; EC 3.1.3.1 (alkaline phosphatase) inhibitor; Escherichia coli metabolite; human xenobiotic metabolite; micronutrient; mouse metabolite; nutraceutical; plant metabolite; Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite
cycloheximide Cycloheximide: Antibiotic substance isolated from streptomycin-producing strains of Streptomyces griseus. It acts by inhibiting elongation during protein synthesis.. cycloheximide : A dicarboximide that is 4-(2-hydroxyethyl)piperidine-2,6-dione in which one of the hydrogens attached to the carbon bearing the hydroxy group is replaced by a 3,5-dimethyl-2-oxocyclohexyl group. It is an antibiotic produced by the bacterium Streptomyces griseus.	2.01	1	0	antibiotic fungicide; cyclic ketone; dicarboximide; piperidine antibiotic; piperidones; secondary alcohol	anticoronaviral agent; bacterial metabolite; ferroptosis inhibitor; neuroprotective agent; protein synthesis inhibitor
mannitol [no description available]	2.06	1	0	mannitol	allergen; antiglaucoma drug; compatible osmolytes; Escherichia coli metabolite; food anticaking agent; food bulking agent; food humectant; food stabiliser; food thickening agent; hapten; metabolite; osmotic diuretic; sweetening agent
medroxyprogesterone acetate [no description available]	5.92	13	2	20-oxo steroid; 3-oxo-Delta(4) steroid; acetate ester; corticosteroid; steroid ester	adjuvant; androgen; antineoplastic agent; antioxidant; female contraceptive drug; inhibitor; progestin; synthetic oral contraceptive
acetonitrile acetonitrile: RN given refers to unlabeled cpd. acetonitrile : A nitrile that is hydrogen cyanide in which the hydrogen has been replaced by a methyl group.	2.04	1	0	aliphatic nitrile; volatile organic compound	EC 3.5.1.4 (amidase) inhibitor; NMR chemical shift reference compound; polar aprotic solvent
quinoxalines quinoxaline : A naphthyridine in which the nitrogens are at positions 1 and 4.	11.11	18	9	mancude organic heterobicyclic parent; naphthyridine; ortho-fused heteroarene
xanthenes Xanthenes: Compounds with three aromatic rings in linear arrangement with an OXYGEN in the center ring.	1.98	1	0	xanthene
boric acid [no description available]	2.05	1	0	boric acids	astringent
3-hydroxybutanal [no description available]	2.11	1	0
thiophenes Thiophenes: A monocyclic heteroarene furan in which the oxygen atom is replaced by a sulfur.. thiophenes : Compounds containing at least one thiophene ring.	12.22	32	14	mancude organic heteromonocyclic parent; monocyclic heteroarene; thiophenes; volatile organic compound	non-polar solvent
estradiol dipropionate estradiol dipropionate: RN given refers to (17beta)-isomer; RN for cpd without isomeric designation not in Chemline 7/83	2.08	1	0	steroid ester
pregnenolone [no description available]	1.98	1	0	20-oxo steroid; 3beta-hydroxy-Delta(5)-steroid; C21-steroid	human metabolite; mouse metabolite
20-alpha-dihydroprogesterone 20-alpha-Dihydroprogesterone: A biologically active 20-alpha-reduced metabolite of PROGESTERONE. It is converted from progesterone to 20-alpha-hydroxypregn-4-en-3-one by the 20-ALPHA-HYDROXYSTEROID DEHYDROGENASE in the CORPUS LUTEUM and the PLACENTA.	2.38	2	0	20-hydroxypregn-4-en-3-one	human metabolite; mouse metabolite
oxazoles Oxazoles: Five-membered heterocyclic ring structures containing an oxygen in the 1-position and a nitrogen in the 3-position, in distinction from ISOXAZOLES where they are at the 1,2 positions.. 1,3-oxazole : A five-membered monocyclic heteroarene that is an analogue of cyclopentadiene with O in place of CH2 at position 1 and N in place of CH at position 3.. oxazole : An azole based on a five-membered heterocyclic aromatic skeleton containing one N and one O atom.	2.46	2	0	1,3-oxazoles; mancude organic heteromonocyclic parent; monocyclic heteroarene
thiazoles [no description available]	2.44	2	0	1,3-thiazoles; mancude organic heteromonocyclic parent; monocyclic heteroarene
hydrazine diamine : Any polyamine that contains two amino groups.	2.43	2	0	azane; hydrazines	EC 4.3.1.10 (serine-sulfate ammonia-lyase) inhibitor
chlormadinone acetate Chlormadinone Acetate: An orally active synthetic progestational hormone used often in combinations as an oral contraceptive (CONTRACEPTIVES, ORAL).	1.97	1	0	corticosteroid hormone
galantamine Galantamine: A benzazepine derived from norbelladine. It is found in GALANTHUS and other AMARYLLIDACEAE. It is a cholinesterase inhibitor that has been used to reverse the muscular effects of GALLAMINE TRIETHIODIDE and TUBOCURARINE and has been studied as a treatment for ALZHEIMER DISEASE and other central nervous system disorders.. galanthamine : A benzazepine alkaloid isolated from certain species of daffodils.	2.01	1	0	benzazepine alkaloid fundamental parent; benzazepine alkaloid; organic heterotetracyclic compound; tertiary amino compound	antidote to curare poisoning; cholinergic drug; EC 3.1.1.7 (acetylcholinesterase) inhibitor; EC 3.1.1.8 (cholinesterase) inhibitor; plant metabolite
betamethasone Betamethasone: A glucocorticoid given orally, parenterally, by local injection, by inhalation, or applied topically in the management of various disorders in which corticosteroids are indicated. Its lack of mineralocorticoid properties makes betamethasone particularly suitable for treating cerebral edema and congenital adrenal hyperplasia. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p724)	2.66	3	0	11beta-hydroxy steroid; 17alpha-hydroxy steroid; 20-oxo steroid; 21-hydroxy steroid; 3-oxo-Delta(1),Delta(4)-steroid; fluorinated steroid; glucocorticoid; primary alpha-hydroxy ketone; tertiary alpha-hydroxy ketone	anti-asthmatic agent; anti-inflammatory drug; immunosuppressive agent
hydantoins Hydantoins: Compounds based on imidazolidine dione. Some derivatives are ANTICONVULSANTS.. imidazolidine-2,4-dione : An imidazolidinone with oxo groups at position 2 and 4.	2.72	3	0	imidazolidine-2,4-dione
medroxyprogesterone [no description available]	4.07	3	1	17alpha-hydroxy steroid; 20-oxo steroid; 3-oxo-Delta(4) steroid; tertiary alpha-hydroxy ketone	contraceptive drug; progestin; synthetic oral contraceptive
dihydrotestosterone Dihydrotestosterone: A potent androgenic metabolite of TESTOSTERONE. It is produced by the action of the enzyme 3-OXO-5-ALPHA-STEROID 4-DEHYDROGENASE.. 17beta-hydroxyandrostan-3-one : A 17beta-hydroxy steroid that is testosterone in which the 4-5 double bond has been reduced to a single bond with unspecified configuration at position 5.. 17beta-hydroxy-5alpha-androstan-3-one : A 17beta-hydroxy steroid that is testosterone in which the 4,5 double bond has been reduced to a single bond with alpha-configuration at position 5.	2.01	1	0	17beta-hydroxy steroid; 17beta-hydroxyandrostan-3-one; 3-oxo-5alpha-steroid	androgen; Daphnia magna metabolite; human metabolite; mouse metabolite
neutral red Neutral Red: A vital dye used as an indicator and biological stain. Various adverse effects have been observed in biological systems.. neutral red : A hydrochloride obtained by combining the free base of neutral red with one equivalent of hydrochloric acid. Neutral red acts as a pH indicator, changing from red to yellow between pH 6.8 and 8.0.	2.06	1	0	hydrochloride	acid-base indicator; dye; two-colour indicator
erythromycin Erythromycin: A bacteriostatic antibiotic macrolide produced by Streptomyces erythreus. Erythromycin A is considered its major active component. In sensitive organisms, it inhibits protein synthesis by binding to 50S ribosomal subunits. This binding process inhibits peptidyl transferase activity and interferes with translocation of amino acids during translation and assembly of proteins.. erythromycin : Any of several wide-spectrum macrolide antibiotics obtained from actinomycete Saccharopolyspora erythraea (formerly known as Streptomyces erythraeus).. erythromycin A : An erythromycin that consists of erythronolide A having 2,6-dideoxy-3-C-methyl-3-O-methyl-alpha-L-ribo-hexopyranosyl and 3,4,6-trideoxy-3-(dimethylamino)-beta-D-xylo-hexopyranosyl residues attahced at positions 4 and 6 respectively.	2.43	2	0	cyclic ketone; erythromycin
levonorgestrel Levonorgestrel: A synthetic progestational hormone with actions similar to those of PROGESTERONE and about twice as potent as its racemic or (+-)-isomer (NORGESTREL). It is used for contraception, control of menstrual disorders, and treatment of endometriosis.	4.33	2	2	17beta-hydroxy steroid; 3-oxo-Delta(4) steroid; terminal acetylenic compound	contraceptive drug; female contraceptive drug; progestin; synthetic oral contraceptive
dexamethasone isonicotinate Dexamethasone Isonicotinate: An anti-inflammatory, anti-allergic glucocorticoid that can be administered orally, by inhalation, locally, and parenterally. It may cause water and salt retention.	1.95	1	0	corticosteroid hormone
fluorescein Fluorescein: A phthalic indicator dye that appears yellow-green in normal tear film and bright green in a more alkaline medium such as the aqueous humor.. fluorescein (lactone form) : A xanthene dye that is highly fluorescent, detectable even when present in minute quantities. Used forensically to detect traces of blood, in analytical chemistry as an indicator in silver nitrate titrations and in microscopy.	3.4	1	1	2-benzofurans; gamma-lactone; organic heteropentacyclic compound; oxaspiro compound; polyphenol; xanthene dye	fluorescent dye; radioopaque medium
dithiothreitol 1,4-dimercaptobutane-2,3-diol : A glycol that is butane-2,3-diol in which a hydrogen from each of the methyl groups is replaced by a thiol group.. 1,4-dithiothreitol : The threo-diastereomer of 1,4-dimercaptobutane-2,3-diol.	1.95	1	0	1,4-dimercaptobutane-2,3-diol; butanediols; dithiol; glycol; thiol	chelator; human metabolite; reducing agent
pyrodifenium bromide pyrodifenium bromide: was heading 1976-94 (see under PYRROLIDINES 1976-90); PRIFINIUM BROMIDE was see PYRODIFENIUM BROMIDE 1976-94: use PYRROLIDINES to search PYRODIFENIUM BROMIDE 1976-94; quaternary ammonium anticholinergic agent more specific for the gastrointestinal tract than atropine	1.99	1	0	organic molecular entity
buthionine sulfoximine Buthionine Sulfoximine: A synthetic amino acid that depletes glutathione by irreversibly inhibiting gamma-glutamylcysteine synthetase. Inhibition of this enzyme is a critical step in glutathione biosynthesis. It has been shown to inhibit the proliferative response in human T-lymphocytes and inhibit macrophage activation. (J Biol Chem 1995;270(33):1945-7). 2-amino-4-(S-butylsulfonimidoyl)butanoic acid : A non-proteinogenic alpha-amino acid that is homocysteine in which the thiol group carries an oxo, imino and butyl groups.. S-butyl-DL-homocysteine (S,R)-sulfoximine : A sulfoximide that is the sulfoximine derivative of an analogue of DL-methionine in which the S-methyl group is replaced by S-butyl.	2.08	1	0	diastereoisomeric mixture; homocysteines; non-proteinogenic alpha-amino acid; sulfoximide	EC 6.3.2.2 (glutamate--cysteine ligase) inhibitor; ferroptosis inducer
n-methylaspartate N-Methylaspartate: An amino acid that, as the D-isomer, is the defining agonist for the NMDA receptor subtype of glutamate receptors (RECEPTORS, NMDA).. N-methyl-D-aspartic acid : An aspartic acid derivative having an N-methyl substituent and D-configuration.	2.08	1	0	amino dicarboxylic acid; D-alpha-amino acid; D-aspartic acid derivative; secondary amino compound	neurotransmitter agent
neodymium Neodymium: An element of the rare earth family of metals. It has the atomic symbol Nd, atomic number 60, and atomic weight 144.24, and is used in industrial applications.	3.44	1	1	f-block element atom; lanthanoid atom
cadmium Cadmium: An element with atomic symbol Cd, atomic number 48, and atomic weight 112.41. It is a metal and ingestion will lead to CADMIUM POISONING.. elemental cadmium : An element in the zinc group of the periodic table with atomic number 48, atomic mass 112, M.P. 321degreeC, and B.P. 765degreeC). An odourless, tasteless, and highly poisonous soft, ductile, lustrous metal with electropositive properties. It has eight stable isotopes: (106)Cd, (108)Cd,(110)Cd, (111)Cd, (112)Cd, (113)Cd, (114)Cd and (116)Cd, with (112)Cd and (114)Cd being the most common.	3.53	1	1	cadmium molecular entity; zinc group element atom
phosphoric acid, trisodium salt [no description available]	2.04	1	0	sodium phosphate
potassium nitrate potassium nitrate: RN given refers to cpd with MF of K-HNO3; when combined with charcoal and sulfur it can form EXPLOSIVE AGENTS. potassium nitrate : The inorganic nitrate salt of potassium.	1.98	1	0	inorganic nitrate salt; potassium salt	fertilizer
deuterium Deuterium: The stable isotope of hydrogen. It has one neutron and one proton in the nucleus.	2.01	1	0	dihydrogen
vasotocin Vasotocin: A nonapeptide that contains the ring of OXYTOCIN and the side chain of ARG-VASOPRESSIN with the latter determining the specific recognition of hormone receptors. Vasotocin is the non-mammalian vasopressin-like hormone or antidiuretic hormone regulating water and salt metabolism.. vasotocin : A heterodetic cyclic peptide that is homologous to oxytocin and vasopressin. It is a pituitary hormone that acts as an endocrine regulator for water balance, osmotic homoeostasis and is involved in social and sexual behavior in non-mammalian vertebrates.	2	1	0
metopimazine metopimazine: RN given refers to parent cpd; structure	1.99	1	0	phenothiazines
tetradecanoylphorbol acetate Tetradecanoylphorbol Acetate: A phorbol ester found in CROTON OIL with very effective tumor promoting activity. It stimulates the synthesis of both DNA and RNA.. phorbol ester : Esters of phorbol, originally found in croton oil (from Croton tiglium, of the family Euphorbiaceae). A number of phorbol esters possess activity as tumour promoters and activate the mechanisms associated with cell growth. Some of these are used in experiments as activators of protein kinase C.. phorbol 13-acetate 12-myristate : A phorbol ester that is phorbol in which the hydroxy groups at the cyclopropane ring juction (position 13) and the adjacent carbon (position 12) have been converted into the corresponding acetate and myristate esters. It is a major active constituent of the seed oil of Croton tiglium. It has been used as a tumour promoting agent for skin carcinogenesis in rodents and is associated with increased cell proliferation of malignant cells. However its function is controversial since a decrease in cell proliferation has also been observed in several cancer cell types.	2.9	4	0	acetate ester; diester; phorbol ester; tertiary alpha-hydroxy ketone; tetradecanoate ester	antineoplastic agent; apoptosis inducer; carcinogenic agent; mitogen; plant metabolite; protein kinase C agonist; reactive oxygen species generator
clonixin Clonixin: Anti-inflammatory analgesic.. clonixin : A pyridinemonocarboxylic acid that is nicotinic acid substituted at position 2 by a (2-methyl-3-chlorophenyl)amino group. Used (as its lysine salt) for treatment of renal colic, muscular pain and moderately severe migraine attacks.	2.91	4	0	aminopyridine; organochlorine compound; pyridinemonocarboxylic acid	antipyretic; EC 1.14.99.1 (prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase) inhibitor; lipoxygenase inhibitor; non-narcotic analgesic; non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug; platelet aggregation inhibitor; vasodilator agent
dibenz(b,f)(1,4)oxazepine-10(11h)-carboxylic acid, 8-chloro-, 2-acetylhydrazide Dibenz(b,f)(1,4)oxazepine-10(11H)-carboxylic acid, 8-chloro-, 2-acetylhydrazide: Inhibits the activity of prostaglandins.	2.07	1	0
cephapirin Cephapirin: Cephalosporin antibiotic, partly plasma-bound, that is effective against gram-negative and gram-positive organisms.. cephapirin : A cephalosporin with acetoxymethyl and 2(pyridin-4-ylsulfanyl)acetamido substituents at positions 3 and 7, respectively, of the cephem skeleton. It is used (as its sodium salt) as an antibiotic, being effective against gram-negative and gram-positive organisms.	9.37	2	2	cephalosporin	antibacterial drug
bromocriptine Bromocriptine: A semisynthetic ergotamine alkaloid that is a dopamine D2 agonist. It suppresses prolactin secretion.	3.77	2	1	indole alkaloid	antidyskinesia agent; antiparkinson drug; dopamine agonist; hormone antagonist
triamcinolone Triamcinolone: A glucocorticoid given, as the free alcohol or in esterified form, orally, intramuscularly, by local injection, by inhalation, or applied topically in the management of various disorders in which corticosteroids are indicated. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p739). triamcinolone : A C21-steroid hormone that is 1,4-pregnadiene-3,20-dione carrying four hydroxy substituents at positions 11beta, 16alpha, 17alpha and 21 as well as a fluoro substituent at position 9. Used in the form of its 16,17-acetonide to treat various skin infections.	3.37	1	1	11beta-hydroxy steroid; 16alpha-hydroxy steroid; 17alpha-hydroxy steroid; 20-oxo steroid; 21-hydroxy steroid; 3-oxo-Delta(4) steroid; C21-steroid hormone; fluorinated steroid; glucocorticoid; primary alpha-hydroxy ketone; tertiary alpha-hydroxy ketone	anti-allergic agent; anti-inflammatory drug
8-bromo cyclic adenosine monophosphate 8-Bromo Cyclic Adenosine Monophosphate: A long-acting derivative of cyclic AMP. It is an activator of cyclic AMP-dependent protein kinase, but resistant to degradation by cyclic AMP phosphodiesterase.. 8-Br-cAMP : A 3',5'-cyclic purine nucleotide that is 3',5'-cyclic AMP bearing an additional bromo substituent at position 8 on the adenine ring. An activator of cyclic AMP-dependent protein kinase, but resistant to degradation by cyclic AMP phosphodiesterase.	2.68	3	0	3',5'-cyclic purine nucleotide; adenyl ribonucleotide; organobromine compound	antidepressant; protein kinase agonist
androstane-3,17-diol Androstane-3,17-diol: The unspecified form of the steroid, normally a major metabolite of TESTOSTERONE with androgenic activity. It has been implicated as a regulator of gonadotropin secretion.	2.01	1	0	17-hydroxy steroid; 3-hydroxy steroid; androstanoid
glutamic acid Glutamic Acid: A non-essential amino acid naturally occurring in the L-form. Glutamic acid is the most common excitatory neurotransmitter in the CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM.. glutamic acid : An alpha-amino acid that is glutaric acid bearing a single amino substituent at position 2.	2.08	1	0	glutamic acid; glutamine family amino acid; L-alpha-amino acid; proteinogenic amino acid	Escherichia coli metabolite; ferroptosis inducer; micronutrient; mouse metabolite; neurotransmitter; nutraceutical
amoxicillin Amoxicillin: A broad-spectrum semisynthetic antibiotic similar to AMPICILLIN except that its resistance to gastric acid permits higher serum levels with oral administration.. amoxicillin : A penicillin in which the substituent at position 6 of the penam ring is a 2-amino-2-(4-hydroxyphenyl)acetamido group.	2.1	1	0	penicillin allergen; penicillin	antibacterial drug
timolol (S)-timolol (anhydrous) : The (S)-(-) (more active) enantiomer of timolol. A beta-adrenergic antagonist, both the hemihydrate and the maleate salt are used in the mangement of glaucoma, hypertension, angina pectoris and myocardial infarction, and for the prevention of migraine.	18.46	140	74	timolol	anti-arrhythmia drug; antiglaucoma drug; antihypertensive agent; beta-adrenergic antagonist
etoposide [no description available]	2.11	1	0	beta-D-glucoside; furonaphthodioxole; organic heterotetracyclic compound	antineoplastic agent; DNA synthesis inhibitor
flunixin meglumine flunixin meglumine : An organoammonium salt obtained by combining flunixin with one molar equivalent of 1-deoxy-1-(methylamino)-D-glucitol. A relatively potent non-narcotic, nonsteroidal analgesic with anti-inflammatory, anti-endotoxic and anti-pyretic properties; used in veterinary medicine for treatment of horses, cattle and pigs.	2.91	4	0	organoammonium salt	antipyretic; EC 1.14.99.1 (prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase) inhibitor; non-narcotic analgesic; non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug
ng-nitroarginine methyl ester NG-Nitroarginine Methyl Ester: A non-selective inhibitor of nitric oxide synthase. It has been used experimentally to induce hypertension.	3.12	1	0	alpha-amino acid ester; L-arginine derivative; methyl ester; N-nitro compound	EC 1.14.13.39 (nitric oxide synthase) inhibitor
propiconazole Orbit: Bony cavity that holds the eyeball and its associated tissues and appendages.	4.19	3	1	conazole fungicide; cyclic ketal; dichlorobenzene; triazole fungicide; triazoles	antifungal agrochemical; EC 1.14.13.70 (sterol 14alpha-demethylase) inhibitor; environmental contaminant; xenobiotic
colforsin Colforsin: Potent activator of the adenylate cyclase system and the biosynthesis of cyclic AMP. From the plant COLEUS FORSKOHLII. Has antihypertensive, positive inotropic, platelet aggregation inhibitory, and smooth muscle relaxant activities; also lowers intraocular pressure and promotes release of hormones from the pituitary gland.	2.67	3	0	acetate ester; cyclic ketone; labdane diterpenoid; organic heterotricyclic compound; tertiary alpha-hydroxy ketone; triol	adenylate cyclase agonist; anti-HIV agent; antihypertensive agent; plant metabolite; platelet aggregation inhibitor; protein kinase A agonist
buserelin Buserelin: A potent synthetic analog of GONADOTROPIN-RELEASING HORMONE with D-serine substitution at residue 6, glycine10 deletion, and other modifications.	7.52	21	7	oligopeptide
balsalazide balsalazide: a mesalamine 5-aminosalicylate prodrug; 99% of ingested drug remains intact through the stomach and is delivered to and activated in the colon; used for inflammatory bowel disease, ulcerative colitis and radiation-induced proctosigmoiditis but avoided in patients with known hypersensitivity reaction to salicylates or mesalamine; structure in first source. balsalazide : A monohydroxybenzoic acid consisting of 5-aminosalicylic acid (mesalazine) linked to 4-aminobenzoyl-beta-alanine via an azo bond.	2.01	1	0
cabergoline Cabergoline: An ergoline derivative and dopamine D2-agonist that inhibits PROLACTIN secretion. It is used in the management of HYPERPROLACTINEMIA, and to suppress lactation following childbirth for medical reasons. Cabergoline is also used in the management of PARKINSON DISEASE.. cabergoline : An N-acylurea that is (8R)-ergoline-8-carboxamide in which the hydrogen attached to the piperidine nitrogen (position 6) is substituted by an allyl group and the hydrogens attached to the carboxamide nitrogen are substituted by a 3-(dimethylamino)propyl group and an N-ethylcarbamoyl group. A dopamine D2 receptor agonist, cabergoline is used in the management of Parkinson's disease and of disorders associated with hyperprolactinaemia.	5.57	9	2	N-acylurea	antineoplastic agent; antiparkinson drug; dopamine agonist
mifepristone Mifepristone: A progestational and glucocorticoid hormone antagonist. Its inhibition of progesterone induces bleeding during the luteal phase and in early pregnancy by releasing endogenous prostaglandins from the endometrium or decidua. As a glucocorticoid receptor antagonist, the drug has been used to treat hypercortisolism in patients with nonpituitary CUSHING SYNDROME.	2.42	2	0	3-oxo-Delta(4) steroid; acetylenic compound; tertiary amino compound	abortifacient; contraceptive drug; hormone antagonist; synthetic oral contraceptive
spiradoline spiradoline: RN given refers to (5alpha,7alpha,8beta)-(+-)-isomer; structure given in first source	2.06	1	0
fura-2 Fura-2: A fluorescent calcium chelating agent which is used to study intracellular calcium in tissues.	2.03	1	0
ziprasidone ziprasidone: a benzisothiazoylpiperazine derivative; has combined dopamine and serotonin receptor antagonist activity; structurally related to tiospirone. ziprasidone : A piperazine compound having 1,2-benzothiazol-3-yl- and 2-(6-chloro-1,3-dihydro-2-oxindol-5-yl)ethyl substituents attached to the nitrogen atoms.	2.01	1	0	1,2-benzisothiazole; indolones; organochlorine compound; piperazines	antipsychotic agent; dopaminergic antagonist; histamine antagonist; muscarinic antagonist; psychotropic drug; serotonergic antagonist
adefovir dipivoxil bis(pivaloyloxymethyl)-9-(2-phosphonylmethoxyethyl)adenine: structure given in first source. adefovir pivoxil : An organic phosphonate that is the dipivoxil ester of adefovir. A prodrug for adefovir, an HIV-1 reverse transcriptase inhibitor, adefovir pivoxil is used to treat chronic hepatitis B viral infection.	2.05	1	0	6-aminopurines; carbonate ester; ether; organic phosphonate	antiviral drug; DNA synthesis inhibitor; HIV-1 reverse transcriptase inhibitor; nephrotoxic agent; prodrug
carfentanil carfentanil : A monocarboxylic acid amide resulting from the formal condensation of the aryl amino group of methyl 4-anilino-1-(2-phenylethyl)piperidine-4-carboxylate with propanoic acid.	2.06	1	0	methyl ester; piperidines; tertiary amino compound; tertiary carboxamide	mu-opioid receptor agonist; opioid analgesic; tranquilizing drug
thiazolyl blue thiazolyl blue: RN & II refers to bromide. 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide : The bromide salt of 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium.	2.07	1	0	organic bromide salt	colorimetric reagent; dye
cephalosporin c cephalosporin C: RN given refers to parent cpd; structure in Merck, 9th ed, #1937. cephalosporin C : A cephalosporin antibiotic carrying a 3-acetoxymethyl substituent and a 6-oxo-N(6)-L-lysino group at position 7.	4.42	2	2	cephalosporin	fungal metabolite
trenbolone acetate Trenbolone Acetate: An anabolic steroid used mainly as an anabolic agent in veterinary practice.	5.27	4	3	steroid ester
triazoles Triazoles: Heterocyclic compounds containing a five-membered ring with two carbon atoms and three nitrogen atoms with the molecular formula C2H3N3.. triazoles : An azole in which the five-membered heterocyclic aromatic skeleton contains three N atoms and two C atoms.	2.13	1	0	1,2,3-triazole
brinzolamide brinzolamide: an antiglaucoma agent	10.93	16	10	sulfonamide; thienothiazine	antiglaucoma drug; EC 4.2.1.1 (carbonic anhydrase) inhibitor
erythromycin propionate erythromycin propionate: form in which erythromycin estolate is principally absorbed	2	1	0	erythromycin derivative
timoprazole timoprazole: gastric acid secretion inhibitor	3.11	1	0
6-carboxyfluorescein 6-carboxyfluorescein: originally sold as 6-carboxyfluorescein, but commercial product is a mixture of two isomers; correct name is 5(6)-carboxyfluorescein	2.03	1	0	monocarboxylic acid
2',7'-dichlorodihydrofluorescein diacetate [no description available]	2.06	1	0
ketorolac tromethamine Ketorolac Tromethamine: A pyrrolizine carboxylic acid derivative structurally related to INDOMETHACIN. It is a non-steroidal anti-inflammatory agent used for analgesia for postoperative pain and inhibits cyclooxygenase activity.. ketorolac tromethamine : An organoammonium salt resulting from the mixture of equimolar amounts of ketorolac and tromethamine (tris). It has potent non-sedating analgesic and moderate anti-inflammatory effects. It is used in the short-term management of post-operative pain, and in eye drops to relieve the ocular itching associated with seasonal allergic conjunctivitis.	2.07	1	0	organoammonium salt	analgesic; cyclooxygenase 1 inhibitor; cyclooxygenase 2 inhibitor
tebuconazole Lynx: A genus in the family FELIDAE comprising felines with long legs, ear tufts, and a short tail.. 1-(4-chlorophenyl)-4,4-dimethyl-3-(1H-1,2,4-triazol-1-ylmethyl)pentan-3-ol : A tertiary alcohol that is pentan-3-ol substituted by a 4-chlorophenyl, methyl, methyl, and a 1H-1,2,4-triazol-1-ylmethyl at positions 1, 4, 4 and 3 respectively.. tebuconazole : A racemate composed of equimolar amounts of (R)- and (S)-tebuconazole. A fungicide effective against various smut and bunt diseases in cereals and other field crops.	2.1	1	0	monochlorobenzenes; tertiary alcohol; triazoles
sr141716 [no description available]	2.03	1	0	amidopiperidine; carbohydrazide; dichlorobenzene; monochlorobenzenes; pyrazoles	anti-obesity agent; appetite depressant; CB1 receptor antagonist
fura-2-am fura-2-am: pentaester precursor of fura-2	2.03	1	0
22-hydroxycholesterol [no description available]	1.98	1	0	cholanoid
thromboxanes thromboxane : A class of oxygenated oxane derivatives, originally derived from prostaglandin precursors in platelets, that stimulate aggregation of platelets and constriction of blood vessels.	1.98	1	0
bw 245c BW 245C: a selective DP receptor agonist. BW 245C : A racemate comprising equimolar amounts of (3R,4S)- and (3S,4R)-BW 245C. A hydantoin-based prostglandin analogue.. 7-[3-(3-cyclohexyl-3-hydroxypropyl)-2,5-dioxoimidazolidin-4-yl]heptanoic acid : A imidazolidine-2,4-dione that is 7-(2,5-dioxoimidazolidin-4-yl)heptanoic acid in which the imidazoline ring as substituted at position 3 by a 3-(3-cyclohexyl-3-hydroxypropyl) group.	2.72	3	0	imidazolidine-2,4-dione; monocarboxylic acid; secondary alcohol
ah 6809 6-isopropoxy-9-oxoxanthene-2-carboxylic acid: structure given in UD	2.69	3	0	xanthones
methotrexate [no description available]	2.11	1	0	dicarboxylic acid; monocarboxylic acid amide; pteridines	abortifacient; antimetabolite; antineoplastic agent; antirheumatic drug; dermatologic drug; DNA synthesis inhibitor; EC 1.5.1.3 (dihydrofolate reductase) inhibitor; immunosuppressive agent
dihydroethidium dihydroethidium: RN given is for the (+-)-isomer	2.06	1	0
l 670596 L 670596: thromboxane and prostaglondin endoperoxide receptor antagoist; structure given in first source	1.98	1	0	carbazoles
atropine tropan-3alpha-yl 3-hydroxy-2-phenylpropanoate : A tropane alkaloid that is (1R,5)-8-methyl-8-azabicyclo[3.2.1]octane substituted by a (3-hydroxy-2-phenylpropanoyl)oxy group at position 3.	1.99	1	0
fertirelin fertirelin: analog of luteinizing hormone releasing factor; more potent than LHFSHRH; RN given is for releasing factor from pig; RN given refers to parent cpd	4.13	3	1	oligopeptide
estradiol 3-benzoate 17beta-estradiol 3-benzoate : A benzoate ester resulting from the formal condensation of benzoic acid with the phenolic hydroxy group of 17beta-estradiol.	8.13	30	9	17beta-hydroxy steroid; benzoate ester	estrogen receptor agonist; xenoestrogen
melengestrol acetate Melengestrol Acetate: A 6-methyl PROGESTERONE acetate with reported glucocorticoid activity and effect on ESTRUS.	7.92	4	0	corticosteroid hormone
calcein am calcein AM: a non-fluorescent compound cleaved to a fluorescent compound by non-specific intracellular esterases. calcein am : An organic heteropentacyclic compound that is calcein in which all four carboxy group hydrogens have been substituted by (acetyloxy)methoxy groups and the hyrodgens of the two hydroxy groups have been substituted by acetyl groups. It is a a non-fluorescent probe cleaved to a fluorescent probe by non-specific intracellular esterases.	2.06	1	0	2-benzofurans; acetate ester; gamma-lactone; organic heteropentacyclic compound; oxaspiro compound; xanthene dye	fluorochrome
cimadronate cimadronate: increases serum 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D in rats via stimulating renal 1-hydroxylase activity; structure given in first source	2.01	1	0
oxytocin Oxytocin: A nonapeptide hormone released from the neurohypophysis (PITUITARY GLAND, POSTERIOR). It differs from VASOPRESSIN by two amino acids at residues 3 and 8. Oxytocin acts on SMOOTH MUSCLE CELLS, such as causing UTERINE CONTRACTIONS and MILK EJECTION.. oxytocin : A cyclic nonapeptide hormone with amino acid sequence CYIQNCPLG that also acts as a neurotransmitter in the brain; the principal uterine-contracting and milk-ejecting hormone of the posterior pituitary. Together with the neuropeptide vasopressin, it is believed to influence social cognition and behaviour.	7.26	38	3	heterodetic cyclic peptide; peptide hormone	oxytocic; vasodilator agent
acriflavine Acriflavine: 3,6-Diamino-10-methylacridinium chloride mixt. with 3,6-acridinediamine. Fluorescent dye used as a local antiseptic and also as a biological stain. It intercalates into nucleic acids thereby inhibiting bacterial and viral replication.	3.44	1	1
bq 123 cyclo(Trp-Asp-Pro-Val-Leu): derived from the modification of a natural lead of BE-18257B, an endothelin A receptor antagonist; has neuroprotective activity; amino acid sequence given in first source	2.01	1	0	cyclic peptide
betadex beta-Cyclodextrins: Cyclic GLUCANS consisting of seven (7) glucopyranose units linked by 1,4-glycosidic bonds.	2.04	1	0	cyclodextrin
tretinoin Tretinoin: An important regulator of GENE EXPRESSION during growth and development, and in NEOPLASMS. Tretinoin, also known as retinoic acid and derived from maternal VITAMIN A, is essential for normal GROWTH; and EMBRYONIC DEVELOPMENT. An excess of tretinoin can be teratogenic. It is used in the treatment of PSORIASIS; ACNE VULGARIS; and several other SKIN DISEASES. It has also been approved for use in promyelocytic leukemia (LEUKEMIA, PROMYELOCYTIC, ACUTE).. retinoic acid : A retinoid consisting of 3,7-dimethylnona-2,4,6,8-tetraenoic acid substituted at position 9 by a 2,6,6-trimethylcyclohex-1-en-1-yl group (geometry of the four exocyclic double bonds is not specified).. all-trans-retinoic acid : A retinoic acid in which all four exocyclic double bonds have E- (trans-) geometry.	2.07	1	0	retinoic acid; vitamin A	anti-inflammatory agent; antineoplastic agent; antioxidant; AP-1 antagonist; human metabolite; keratolytic drug; retinoic acid receptor agonist; retinoid X receptor agonist; signalling molecule
prostaglandin h2 Prostaglandin H2: A cyclic endoperoxide intermediate produced by the action of CYCLOOXYGENASE on ARACHIDONIC ACID. It is further converted by a series of specific enzymes to the series 2 prostaglandins.	2.03	1	0	olefinic compound; oxylipin; prostaglandins H; secondary alcohol	mouse metabolite
retinol Vitamin A: Retinol and derivatives of retinol that play an essential role in metabolic functioning of the retina, the growth of and differentiation of epithelial tissue, the growth of bone, reproduction, and the immune response. Dietary vitamin A is derived from a variety of CAROTENOIDS found in plants. It is enriched in the liver, egg yolks, and the fat component of dairy products.. vitamin A : Any member of a group of fat-soluble retinoids produced via metabolism of provitamin A carotenoids that exhibit biological activity against vitamin A deficiency. Vitamin A is involved in immune function, vision, reproduction, and cellular communication.. all-trans-retinol : A retinol in which all four exocyclic double bonds have E- (trans-) geometry.. retinol : A retinoid consisting of 3,7-dimethylnona-2,4,6,8-tetraen-1-ol substituted at position 9 by a 2,6,6-trimethylcyclohex-1-en-1-yl group (geometry of the four exocyclic double bonds is not specified).	2.07	1	0	retinol; vitamin A	human metabolite; mouse metabolite; plant metabolite
zithromax Azithromycin: A semi-synthetic macrolide antibiotic structurally related to ERYTHROMYCIN. It has been used in the treatment of Mycobacterium avium intracellulare infections, toxoplasmosis, and cryptosporidiosis.. azithromycin : A macrolide antibiotic useful for the treatment of bacterial infections.	2.03	1	0	macrolide antibiotic	antibacterial drug; environmental contaminant; xenobiotic
prostaglandin d2 Prostaglandin D2: The principal cyclooxygenase metabolite of arachidonic acid. It is released upon activation of mast cells and is also synthesized by alveolar macrophages. Among its many biological actions, the most important are its bronchoconstrictor, platelet-activating-factor-inhibitory, and cytotoxic effects.. prostaglandin D2 : A member of the class of prostaglandins D that is prosta-5,13-dien-1-oic acid substituted by hydroxy groups at positions 9 and 15 and an oxo group at position 11 (the 5Z,9alpha,13E,15S- stereoisomer).	3.11	5	0	prostaglandins D	human metabolite; mouse metabolite
diethylstilbestrol Diethylstilbestrol: A synthetic nonsteroidal estrogen used in the treatment of menopausal and postmenopausal disorders. It was also used formerly as a growth promoter in animals. According to the Fourth Annual Report on Carcinogens (NTP 85-002, 1985), diethylstilbestrol has been listed as a known carcinogen. (Merck, 11th ed). diethylstilbestrol : An olefinic compound that is trans-hex-3-ene in which the hydrogens at positions 3 and 4 have been replaced by p-hydroxyphenyl groups.	1.96	1	0	olefinic compound; polyphenol	antifungal agent; antineoplastic agent; autophagy inducer; calcium channel blocker; carcinogenic agent; EC 1.1.1.146 (11beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase) inhibitor; EC 3.6.3.10 (H(+)/K(+)-exchanging ATPase) inhibitor; endocrine disruptor; xenoestrogen
diethylstilbestrol dipropionate diethylstilbestrol dipropionate: RN given refers to parent cpd	1.96	1	0
thiourea Thiourea: A photographic fixative used also in the manufacture of resins. According to the Fourth Annual Report on Carcinogens (NTP 85-002, 1985), this substance may reasonably be anticipated to be a carcinogen (Merck Index, 9th ed). Many of its derivatives are ANTITHYROID AGENTS and/or FREE RADICAL SCAVENGERS.. thiourea : The simplest member of the thiourea class, consisting of urea with the oxygen atom substituted by sulfur.	1.97	1	0	one-carbon compound; thioureas; ureas	antioxidant; chromophore
tamoxifen [no description available]	6.97	1	0	stilbenoid; tertiary amino compound	angiogenesis inhibitor; antineoplastic agent; bone density conservation agent; EC 1.2.3.1 (aldehyde oxidase) inhibitor; EC 2.7.11.13 (protein kinase C) inhibitor; estrogen antagonist; estrogen receptor antagonist; estrogen receptor modulator
methallibure Methallibure: A dithiobiurea compound with anti-gonadotropic activity.	1.97	1	0
sc-19220 [no description available]	2.01	1	0	aromatic ether
dinoprostone prostaglandin E2 : Prostaglandin F2alpha in which the hydroxy group at position 9 has been oxidised to the corresponding ketone. Prostaglandin E2 is the most common and most biologically potent of mammalian prostaglandins.	6.06	22	0	prostaglandins E	human metabolite; mouse metabolite; oxytocic
dinoprost Dinoprost: A naturally occurring prostaglandin that has oxytocic, luteolytic, and abortifacient activities. Due to its vasocontractile properties, the compound has a variety of other biological actions.. prostaglandin F2alpha : A prostaglandins Falpha that is prosta-5,13-dien-1-oic acid substituted by hydroxy groups at positions 9, 11 and 15. It is a naturally occurring prostaglandin used to induce labor.	15.17	204	29	monocarboxylic acid; prostaglandins Falpha	human metabolite; mouse metabolite
beta carotene beta Carotene: A carotenoid that is a precursor of VITAMIN A. Beta carotene is administered to reduce the severity of photosensitivity reactions in patients with erythropoietic protoporphyria (PORPHYRIA, ERYTHROPOIETIC).. provitamin A : A provitamin that can be converted into vitamin A by enzymes from animal tissues.	1.96	1	0	carotenoid beta-end derivative; cyclic carotene	antioxidant; biological pigment; cofactor; ferroptosis inhibitor; human metabolite; mouse metabolite; plant metabolite; provitamin A
leukotriene c4 Leukotriene C4: The conjugation product of LEUKOTRIENE A4 and glutathione. It is the major arachidonic acid metabolite in macrophages and human mast cells as well as in antigen-sensitized lung tissue. It stimulates mucus secretion in the lung, and produces contractions of nonvascular and some VASCULAR SMOOTH MUSCLE. (From Dictionary of Prostaglandins and Related Compounds, 1990). leukotriene C4 : A leukotriene that is (5S,7E,9E,11Z,14Z)-5-hydroxyicosa-7,9,11,14-tetraenoic acid in which a glutathionyl group is attached at position 6 via a sulfide linkage.	2.01	1	0	leukotriene	bronchoconstrictor agent; human metabolite; mouse metabolite
thromboxane a2 Thromboxane A2: An unstable intermediate between the prostaglandin endoperoxides and thromboxane B2. The compound has a bicyclic oxaneoxetane structure. It is a potent inducer of platelet aggregation and causes vasoconstriction. It is the principal component of rabbit aorta contracting substance (RCS).. thromboxane A2 : A thromboxane which is produced by activated platelets and has prothrombotic properties: it stimulates activation of new platelets as well as increases platelet aggregation.	1.98	1	0	epoxy monocarboxylic acid; thromboxanes A	mouse metabolite
alprostadil [no description available]	3.26	6	0	prostaglandins E	anticoagulant; human metabolite; platelet aggregation inhibitor; vasodilator agent
15-ketoprostaglandin f2alpha [no description available]	2.01	1	0	prostaglandins Falpha
anandamide anandamide : An N-acylethanolamine 20:4 resulting from the formal condensation of carboxy group of arachidonic acid with the amino group of ethanolamine.	2.46	2	0	endocannabinoid; N-acylethanolamine 20:4	human blood serum metabolite; neurotransmitter; vasodilator agent
uf 021 isopropyl unoprostone: a safe and effective ocular hypotensive drug. isopropyl unoprostone : The isopropyl ester of unoprostone.	8.11	19	1	isopropyl ester; ketone; prostaglandins Falpha	antiglaucoma drug; antihypertensive agent; prodrug
travoprost Travoprost: A cloprostenol derivative that is used as an ANTIHYPERTENSIVE AGENT in the treatment of OPEN-ANGLE GLAUCOMA and OCULAR HYPERTENSION.. travoprost : The isopropyl ester of prostaglandin F2alpha in which the pentyl group is replaced by a 3-(trifluoromethyl)phenoxymethyl group. A synthetic analogue of prostaglandin F2alpha, ophthalmic solutions of travoprost are used as a topical medication for controlling the progression of open-angle glaucoma and ocular hypertension, by reducing intraocular pressure. It is a pro-drug; the isopropyl ester group is hydrolysed by esterases in the cornea to the biologically active free acid, fluprostenol.	21	362	123	(trifluoromethyl)benzenes; isopropyl ester; prostaglandins Falpha	antiglaucoma drug; antihypertensive agent; ophthalmology drug; prodrug; prostaglandin receptor agonist
misoprostol Misoprostol: A synthetic analog of natural prostaglandin E1. It produces a dose-related inhibition of gastric acid and pepsin secretion, and enhances mucosal resistance to injury. It is an effective anti-ulcer agent and also has oxytocic properties.. misoprostol : A diastereoisomeric mixture composed of approximately equal amounts of a double racemate of four of the sixteen possible diastereoisomers of methyl (13E)-11,16-dihydroxy-16-methyl-9-oxoprost-13-en-1-oate that is racemic prostaglandin E1 which is lacking the hydroxy group at position 15, but which has an additional hydroxy group at position 16. It is a synthetic prostaglandin E1 analogue, used in the treatment of gastric and duodenal ulcers. A weak abortifacient, it is also used for cervical ripening prior to surgical termination of pregnancy. The (11R,16S)-diastereoisomer is the pharmacologically active form.	5.44	5	3
olopatadine hydrochloride Olopatadine Hydrochloride: An antihistamine with mast-cell stabilizing properties used as eye drops in the treatment of ALLERGIC CONJUNCTIVITIS.	2.05	1	0	dibenzooxazepine
epoprostenol [no description available]	2.01	1	0	prostaglandins I	mouse metabolite
dinoprost tromethamine [no description available]	6.6	11	5	organic molecular entity
15-keto-13,14-dihydroprostaglandin f2alpha 15-keto-13,14-dihydroprostaglandin F2alpha: main metabolite of PGF2alpha in plasma after allergen provoked asthma; RN given refers to (5Z,9alpha,11alpha)-isomer; structure. 13,14-dihydro-15-keto-PGF2alpha : A prostaglandin Falpha obtained by formal oxidation of the 15-hydroxy group and hydrogenation of the 13,14-double bond of prostaglandin F2alpha.	3.92	13	0	ketone; prostaglandins Falpha	metabolite
17-phenyltrinorprostaglandin e2 17-phenyltrinorprostaglandin E2: an EP1 receptor agonist. 17-phenyl-18,19,20-trinor-prostaglandin E2 : A prostanoid that is 18,19,20-trinor-prostaglandin E2 in which one of the terminal methyl hydrogens has been replaced by a phenyl group.	2.43	2	0	alicyclic ketone; beta-hydroxy ketone; hydroxy monocarboxylic acid; olefinic compound; oxo monocarboxylic acid; prostanoid; secondary alcohol	human metabolite; prostaglandin receptor agonist
prostaglandin f2 isopropyl ester prostaglandin F2 isopropyl ester: has ocular hypotensive effect	2.05	1	0	prostanoid
prostaglandin e2 ethanolamide prostaglandin E2 ethanolamide: structure in first source	2.08	1	0	prostanoid
dorzolamide dorzolamide: topically effective ocular hypotensive carbonic anhydrase inhibitor; RN refers to mono-HCl (4S-trans)-isomer. dorzolamide : 5,6-Dihydro-4H-thieno[2,3-b]thiopyran-2-sulfonamide 7,7-dioxide in which hydrogens at the 4 and 6 positions are substituted by ethylamino and methyl groups, respectively (4S, trans-configuration). A carbonic anhydrase inhibitor, it is used as the hydrochloride in ophthalmic solutions to lower increased intraocular pressure in the treatment of open-angle glaucoma and ocular hypertension.	11.53	23	11	sulfonamide; thiophenes	antiglaucoma drug; antihypertensive agent; EC 4.2.1.1 (carbonic anhydrase) inhibitor
ah 13205 AH 13205: an EP(2) receptor agonist and leukotriene B4 antagonist	2.01	1	0
ah 23848 AH 23848: thromboxane antagonist. AH23848 : A racemate comprising equimolar amounts of (1R,2R,5S)- and (1S,2S,5R)-enantiomers of (4Z)-7-{5-[([1,1'-biphenyl]-4-yl)methoxy]-2-(morpholin-4-yl)-3-oxocyclopentyl}hept-4-enoic acid. The hemicalcium salt is a potent, specific thromboxane receptor-blocking drug that is orally active and has a long duration of action.. (1R,2R,5S)-AH23848 : A (4Z)-7-{5-[([1,1'-biphenyl]-4-yl)methoxy]-2-(morpholin-4-yl)-3-oxocyclopentyl}hept-4-enoic acid in which the stereocentres at positions 1, 2 and 5 have R-, R- and S-configuration respectively.	2.41	2	0	(4Z)-7-{5-[([1,1'-biphenyl]-4-yl)methoxy]-2-(morpholin-4-yl)-3-oxocyclopentyl}hept-4-enoic acid
atosiban [no description available]	2	1	0	oligopeptide
bimatoprost Bimatoprost: A cloprostenol-derived amide that is used as an ANTIHYPERTENSIVE AGENT in the treatment of OPEN-ANGLE GLAUCOMA and OCULAR HYPERTENSION.	22.06	389	126	monocarboxylic acid amide	antiglaucoma drug; antihypertensive agent
cicaprost cicaprost: RN given refers to (3aS-(2E,3aalpha,4alpha(3R,4R),5beta,6aalpha))-isomer	2.41	2	0	monoterpenoid
fluprostenol fluprostenol: synthetic prostaglandin F 2 alpha analog used as an abortifacient; RN given refers to ((1alpha(Z),2beta(1E,3R*),3alpha,5alpha)-(+-))-isomer. fluprostenol : An organofluorine compound that is racemic prostaglandin F2alpha in which the pentyl group is replaced by a 3-(trifluoromethyl)phenoxymethyl group. A synthetic analogue of prostaglandin F2alpha, ophthalmic solutions of its isopropyl ester prodrug, travoprost, are used as a topical medication for controlling the progression of open-angle glaucoma and ocular hypertension, by reducing intraocular pressure. The isopropyl ester group of travoprost is hydrolysed to the biologically active free acid by esterases in the cornea.	9.47	7	0	(trifluoromethyl)benzenes; hydroxy monocarboxylic acid; prostaglandins Falpha	abortifacient; antiglaucoma drug; antihypertensive agent; female contraceptive drug; prostaglandin receptor agonist
goserelin Goserelin: A synthetic long-acting agonist of GONADOTROPIN-RELEASING HORMONE. Goserelin is used in treatments of malignant NEOPLASMS of the prostate, uterine fibromas, and metastatic breast cancer.	1.96	1	0	organic molecular entity
iloprost Iloprost: An eicosanoid, derived from the cyclooxygenase pathway of arachidonic acid metabolism. It is a stable and synthetic analog of EPOPROSTENOL, but with a longer half-life than the parent compound. Its actions are similar to prostacyclin. Iloprost produces vasodilation and inhibits platelet aggregation.. iloprost : A carbobicyclic compound that is prostaglandin I2 in which the endocyclic oxygen is replaced by a methylene group and in which the (1E,3S)-3-hydroxyoct-1-en-1-yl side chain is replaced by a (3R)-3-hydroxy-4-methyloct-1-en-6-yn-1-yl group. A synthetic analogue of prostacyclin, it is used as the trometamol salt (generally by intravenous infusion) for the treatment of peripheral vascular disease and pulmonary hypertension.	2.93	4	0	carbobicyclic compound; monocarboxylic acid; secondary alcohol	platelet aggregation inhibitor; vasodilator agent
latanoprost Latanoprost: A prostaglandin F analog used to treat OCULAR HYPERTENSION in patients with GLAUCOMA.. latanoprost : A prostaglandin Falpha that is the isopropyl ester prodrug of latanoprost free acid. Used in the treatment of open-angle glaucoma and ocular hypertension.	19.85	273	86	isopropyl ester; prostaglandins Falpha; triol	antiglaucoma drug; antihypertensive agent; EC 4.2.1.1 (carbonic anhydrase) inhibitor; prodrug
m&b 28,767 [no description available]	2	1	0
enprostil Enprostil: A synthetic PGE2 analog that has an inhibitory effect on gastric acid secretion, a mucoprotective effect, and a postprandial lowering effect on gastrin. It has been shown to be efficient and safe in the treatment of gastroduodenal ulcers.	2.92	4	0
al 8810 AL 8810: a prostaglandin F(2alpha) receptor antagonist; structure in first source	3.41	7	0	long-chain fatty acid
nateglinide Nateglinide: A phenylalanine and cyclohexane derivative that acts as a hypoglycemic agent by stimulating the release of insulin from the pancreas. It is used in the treatment of TYPE 2 DIABETES.. nateglinide : An N-acyl-D-phenylalanine resulting from the formal condensation of the amino group of D-phenylalanine with the carboxy group of trans-4-isopropylcyclohexanecarboxylic acid. An orally-administered, rapidly-absorbed, short-acting insulinotropic agent, it is used for the treatment of type 2 diabetes mellitus.	2.01	1	0	phenylalanine derivative
sq 29548 SQ 29548: SQ-26538 is the ((1S-1alpha,2beta(5Z),3beta(1E,3R*),4alpha))-isomer; thromboxane A2 antagonist; thromboxane receptor antagonist	2.43	2	0
u-44619 thromboxane A2 agonist : An agonist that binds to and activates thromboxane A2 receptors.	2	1	0
sulprostone sulprostone: structure	3.4	7	0	prostanoid
15-hydroxy-11 alpha,9 alpha-(epoxymethano)prosta-5,13-dienoic acid 15-Hydroxy-11 alpha,9 alpha-(epoxymethano)prosta-5,13-dienoic Acid: A stable prostaglandin endoperoxide analog which serves as a thromboxane mimetic. Its actions include mimicking the hydro-osmotic effect of VASOPRESSIN and activation of TYPE C PHOSPHOLIPASES. (From J Pharmacol Exp Ther 1983;224(1): 108-117; Biochem J 1984;222(1):103-110)	2.71	3	0
pregnanediol [no description available]	2.38	2	0
luprostenol luprostenol: RN given refers to 1S-(1alpha(Z),2beta(*R),3alpha,5alpha)-isomer	4.8	7	1
carboprostacyclin carboprostacyclin: potent stable prostacyclin analog which inhibits platelet aggretation; do not confuse with carboprost (15-methyl-PGF2alpha); RN given refers to (3aS-(2Z,3aalpha,4alpha(1E,R*),5beta,6aalpha))-isomer; structure given in first source	2.02	1	0	prostanoid
misoprostol acid misoprostol acid: de-esterified metabolite of misoprostol	2	1	0
sq 28053 [no description available]	2	1	0
gr 63799x GR 63799X: prostanoid with selectivity for EP3 receptors; structure given in first source; EP3 receptor agonist	2.4	2	0
16,16-dimethylprostaglandin f2alpha 16,16-dimethylprostaglandin F2alpha: RN given refers to (5Z,9alpha,11alpha,13E,15R)-isomer	2	1	0
phxa 85 PhXa 85: RN given for (1R-(1alpha(Z),2beta(R*),3alpha,5alpha))-isomer	2	1	0	hydroxy monocarboxylic acid; prostaglandins Falpha	antiglaucoma drug; antihypertensive agent; EC 4.2.1.1 (carbonic anhydrase) inhibitor
17-phenylprostaglandin f2alpha 17-phenylprostaglandin F2alpha: used in treatment of vasomotor rhinitis	2.71	3	0
tiaprost [no description available]	2.37	2	0	prostanoid
verlukast verlukast: LTD4 receptor antagonist	2.05	1	0
ergoline Ergolines: A series of structurally-related alkaloids that contain the ergoline backbone structure.. ergoline : An indole alkaloid whose structural skeleton is found in many naturally occurring and synthetic ergolines which are known to bind to neurotransmitter receptors, such as dopamine, noradrenaline and serotonin receptors and function as unselective agonists or antagonists at these receptors.	5.57	9	2	diamine; ergoline alkaloid; indole alkaloid fundamental parent; indole alkaloid; organic heterotetracyclic compound
sq-23377 Ionomycin: A divalent calcium ionophore that is widely used as a tool to investigate the role of intracellular calcium in cellular processes.. ionomycin : A very long-chain fatty acid that is docosa-10,16-dienoic acid which is substituted by methyl groups at positions 4, 6, 8, 12, 14, 18 and 20, by hydroxy groups at positions 11, 19 and 21, and by a (2',5-dimethyloctahydro-2,2'-bifuran-5-yl)ethanol group at position 21. An ionophore produced by Streptomyces conglobatus, it is used in research to raise the intracellular level of Ca(2+) and as a research tool to understand Ca(2+) transport across biological membranes.	2	1	0	cyclic ether; enol; polyunsaturated fatty acid; very long-chain fatty acid	calcium ionophore; metabolite
beraprost beraprost: stable prostacyclin analog; structure given in first source. beraprost : An organic heterotricyclic compound that is (3aS,8bS)-2,3,3a,8b-tetrahydro-1H-benzo[b]cyclopenta[d]furan in which the hydrogens at positions 1R, 2R and 5 are replaced by (3S)-3-hydroxy-4-methyloct-1-en-6-yn-1-yl, hydroxy and 3-carboxypropyl groups, respectively. It is a prostaglandin receptor agonist which is approved to treat pulmonary arterial hypertension in Asia.	2.07	1	0	enyne; monocarboxylic acid; organic heterotricyclic compound; secondary alcohol; secondary allylic alcohol	anti-inflammatory agent; antihypertensive agent; platelet aggregation inhibitor; prostaglandin receptor agonist; vasodilator agent
amoxicillin-potassium clavulanate combination Amoxicillin-Potassium Clavulanate Combination: A fixed-ratio combination of amoxicillin trihydrate and potassium clavulanate.	3.4	1	1
norgestomet norgestomet: synthetic 19-norprogesterone that synchronizes estrus in cattle without reducing fertility; affects pituitary gonadotropins & the menstrual cycle in humans; minor descriptor (79-86), on-line & INDEX MEDICUS search PREGNENEDIONES (79-86); RN given refers to (11beta)-isomer	5.45	8	2
tafluprost tafluprost: structure in first source. tafluprost : A prostaglandin Falpha that is prostaglandin F2alpha in which the carboxylic acid function has been converted to the corresponding isopropyl ester and the 3-hydroxy-1-octenyl side-chain is substituted by 3,3-difluoro-4-phenoxybut-1-enyl. Used for treatment of elevated intraocular pressure in patients with open-angle glaucoma or ocular hypertension.	10.2	22	4	isopropyl ester; organofluorine compound; prostaglandins Falpha	prostaglandin receptor agonist
altrenogest altrenogest: a synthetic PROGESTERONE agonist; used in estrus synchronization	5.27	4	3	3-hydroxy steroid
flurogestone acetate Flurogestone Acetate: A synthetic fluorinated steroid that is used as a progestational hormone.	6.13	8	4	corticosteroid hormone
fenprostalene fenprostalene: RN given refers to (1R,2R,3R,5S)-(E)-(3R*)-isomer; structure given in first source	7.37	2	0
brimonidine tartrate Brimonidine Tartrate: A quinoxaline derivative and ADRENERGIC ALHPA-2 RECEPTOR AGONIST that is used to manage INTRAOCULAR PRESSURE associated with OPEN-ANGLE GLAUCOMA and OCULAR HYPERTENSION.	10.94	18	9
brimonidine tartrate, timolol maleate drug combination Brimonidine Tartrate, Timolol Maleate Drug Combination: A pharmaceutical preparation of brimonidine tartrate and timolol maleate. The combined ADRENERGIC ALPHA2 RECEPTOR AGONIST and ADRENERGIC BETA-ANTAGONIST activity of these drugs reduce INTRAOCULAR PRESSURE in GLAUCOMA patients.	3.16	1	0
calcimycin Calcimycin: An ionophorous, polyether antibiotic from Streptomyces chartreusensis. It binds and transports CALCIUM and other divalent cations across membranes and uncouples oxidative phosphorylation while inhibiting ATPase of rat liver mitochondria. The substance is used mostly as a biochemical tool to study the role of divalent cations in various biological systems.	1.97	1	0	benzoxazole
aglepristone aglepristone: Alizine is tradename	6.12	8	4	oxo steroid
butaprost butaprost: highly selective prostaglandin receptor agonist; structure given in first source	2.93	4	0
duotrav Duotrav: combination of travoprost and timolol	6.18	5	1
lhrh, n-ac-naphthyl(1)-(4-cl-phe)(2)-trp(3)-arg(6)-ala(10)- LHRH, N-Ac-naphthyl(1)-(4-Cl-Phe)(2)-Trp(3)-Arg(6)-Ala(10)-: RN given refers to the all (D)-isomer; gonadorelin antagonist	1.97	1	0
beta-endorphin beta-Endorphin: A 31-amino acid peptide that is the C-terminal fragment of BETA-LIPOTROPIN. It acts on OPIOID RECEPTORS and is an analgesic. Its first four amino acids at the N-terminal are identical to the tetrapeptide sequence of METHIONINE ENKEPHALIN and LEUCINE ENKEPHALIN.. beta-endorphin : A polypeptide consisting of 31 amino acid residues in the sequence Tyr-Gly-Gly-Phe-Met-Thr-Ser-Glu-Lys-Ser-Gln-Thr-Pro-Leu-Val-Thr-Leu-Phe-Lys-Asn-Ala-Ile-Ile-Lys-Asn-Ala-Tyr-Lys-Lys-Gly-Glu. It is an endogenous opioid peptide neurotransmitter found in the neurons of both the central and peripheral nervous system and results from processing of the precursor protein proopiomelanocortin (POMC).	7.38	2	0
antarelix antarelix: a synthetic decapeptide, water-soluble LHRH antagonist; structure in first source	2.68	3	0
ceftiofur ceftiofur: structure in first source	9.42	2	2
endothelin-1 Endothelin-1: A 21-amino acid peptide produced in a variety of tissues including endothelial and vascular smooth-muscle cells, neurons and astrocytes in the central nervous system, and endometrial cells. It acts as a modulator of vasomotor tone, cell proliferation, and hormone production. (N Eng J Med 1995;333(6):356-63)	4.8	7	1
carbetocin carbetocin : Oxytocin in which the hydrogen on the phenolic hydroxy group is substituted by methyl, the amino group on the cysteine residue is substituted by hydrogen, and the sulfur of the cysteine residue is replaced by a methylene group. A synthetic carba-analogue of oxytocin, it is used to control bleeding after giving birth. Like oxytocin, it causes contraction of the uterus.	2.71	3	0	heterodetic cyclic peptide	oxytocic
ono ae 248 ONO AE 248: structure in first source	2.01	1	0
menotropins Menotropins: Extracts of urine from menopausal women that contain high concentrations of pituitary gonadotropins, FOLLICLE STIMULATING HORMONE and LUTEINIZING HORMONE. Menotropins are used to treat infertility. The FSH:LH ratio and degree of purity vary in different preparations.	1.95	1	0
bucladesine Bucladesine: A cyclic nucleotide derivative that mimics the action of endogenous CYCLIC AMP and is capable of permeating the cell membrane. It has vasodilator properties and is used as a cardiac stimulant. (From Merck Index, 11th ed). bucladesine : A 3',5'-cyclic purine nucleotide that is the 2'-butanoate ester and 6-N-butanoyl derivative of 3',5'-cyclic AMP.	3.22	6	0	3',5'-cyclic purine nucleotide
trelstar Triptorelin Pamoate: A potent synthetic long-acting agonist of GONADOTROPIN-RELEASING HORMONE with D-tryptophan substitution at residue 6.	4.32	4	1
cetrorelix cetrorelix: LHRH antagonist. cetrorelix : A synthetic ten-membered oligopeptide comprising N-acetyl-3-(naphthalen-2-yl)-D-alanyl, 4-chloro-D-phenylalanyl, 3-(pyridin-3-yl)-D-alanyl, L-seryl, L-tyrosyl, N(5)-carbamoyl-D-ornithyl, L-leucyl, L-arginyl, L-prolyl, and D-alaninamide residues coupled in sequence. A gonadotrophin-releasing hormone (GnRH) antagonist, it is used for treatment of infertility and of hormone-sensitive cancers of the prostate and breast.	4.37	4	1	oligopeptide	antineoplastic agent; GnRH antagonist
deslorelin deslorelin: Ovuplant is tradename for a short-term-release implant containing deslorelin acetate; RN given refers to D-isomer; RN for cpd without isomeric designation not avail 12/90	4.32	4	1	oligopeptide
piperidines Piperidines: A family of hexahydropyridines.	2.03	1	0
interleukin-8 Interleukin-8: A member of the CXC chemokine family that plays a role in the regulation of the acute inflammatory response. It is secreted by variety of cell types and induces CHEMOTAXIS of NEUTROPHILS and other inflammatory cells.	3.89	2	1
tilmicosin tilmicosin: semi-synthetic antibiotic. tilmicosin : A macrolide antibiotic with formula C46H80N2O13. It is used for the treatment of respiratory disease in cattle at high risk of developing bovine respiratory disease associated with Mannheimia haemolytica.	2.06	1	0
tylosin [no description available]	2.06	1	0
methylcellulose Methylcellulose: Methylester of cellulose. Methylcellulose is used as an emulsifying and suspending agent in cosmetics, pharmaceutics and the chemical industry. It is used therapeutically as a bulk laxative.	2.01	1	0
ascorbic acid Ascorbic Acid: A six carbon compound related to glucose. It is found naturally in citrus fruits and many vegetables. Ascorbic acid is an essential nutrient in human diets, and necessary to maintain connective tissue and bone. Its biologically active form, vitamin C, functions as a reducing agent and coenzyme in several metabolic pathways. Vitamin C is considered an antioxidant.. L-ascorbic acid : The L-enantiomer of ascorbic acid and conjugate acid of L-ascorbate.. L-ascorbate : The L-enantiomer of ascorbate and conjugate base of L-ascorbic acid, arising from selective deprotonation of the 3-hydroxy group. Required for a range of essential metabolic reactions in all animals and plants.. vitamin C : Any member of a group of vitamers that belong to the chemical structural class called butenolides that exhibit biological activity against vitamin C deficiency in animals. The vitamers include L-ascorbic acid and its salt, ionized and oxidized forms.	2	1	0	ascorbic acid; vitamin C	coenzyme; cofactor; flour treatment agent; food antioxidant; food colour retention agent; geroprotector; plant metabolite; skin lightening agent
tetracycline Tetracycline: A naphthacene antibiotic that inhibits AMINO ACYL TRNA binding during protein synthesis.. tetracycline : A broad-spectrum polyketide antibiotic produced by the Streptomyces genus of actinobacteria.	2	1	0
oxytetracycline, anhydrous Oxytetracycline: A TETRACYCLINE analog isolated from the actinomycete STREPTOMYCES RIMOSUS and used in a wide variety of clinical conditions.. oxytetracycline : A tetracycline used for treatment of infections caused by a variety of Gram positive and Gram negative microorganisms including Mycoplasma pneumoniae, Pasteurella pestis, Escherichia coli, Haemophilus influenzae (respiratory infections), and Diplococcus pneumoniae.	4.13	3	1
dorzolamide-timolol combination dorzolamide-timolol combination: for glaucoma/ocular hypertensive patients; a fixed combination of timolol (Adrenergic beta-Antagonists) and dorzolamide (Carbonic Anhydrase Inhibitor)	6.96	8	3
epidermal growth factor Epidermal Growth Factor: A 6-kDa polypeptide growth factor initially discovered in mouse submaxillary glands. Human epidermal growth factor was originally isolated from urine based on its ability to inhibit gastric secretion and called urogastrone. Epidermal growth factor exerts a wide variety of biological effects including the promotion of proliferation and differentiation of mesenchymal and EPITHELIAL CELLS. It is synthesized as a transmembrane protein which can be cleaved to release a soluble active form.	2.03	1	0
lecirelin [no description available]	4.2	3	1
insulin glargine Insulin Glargine: A recombinant LONG ACTING INSULIN and HYPOGLYCEMIC AGENT that is used to manage BLOOD GLUCOSE in patients with DIABETES MELLITUS.	2.41	2	0
norgestrel Norgestrel: A synthetic progestational agent with actions similar to those of PROGESTERONE. This racemic or (+-)-form has about half the potency of the levo form (LEVONORGESTREL). Norgestrel is used as a contraceptive, ovulation inhibitor, and for the control of menstrual disorders and endometriosis.	2	1	0
cyclosporine Cyclosporine: A cyclic undecapeptide from an extract of soil fungi. It is a powerful immunosupressant with a specific action on T-lymphocytes. It is used for the prophylaxis of graft rejection in organ and tissue transplantation. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed).	2.07	1	0
ganfort Ganfort: combination of bimatoprost and timolol	7.26	6	1
acyclovir Acyclovir: A GUANOSINE analog that acts as an antimetabolite. Viruses are especially susceptible. Used especially against herpes.. acyclovir : An oxopurine that is guanine substituted by a (2-hydroxyethoxy)methyl substituent at position 9. Used in the treatment of viral infections.	2.43	2	0	2-aminopurines; oxopurine	antimetabolite; antiviral drug
cyclic gmp Cyclic GMP: Guanosine cyclic 3',5'-(hydrogen phosphate). A guanine nucleotide containing one phosphate group which is esterified to the sugar moiety in both the 3'- and 5'-positions. It is a cellular regulatory agent and has been described as a second messenger. Its levels increase in response to a variety of hormones, including acetylcholine, insulin, and oxytocin and it has been found to activate specific protein kinases. (From Merck Index, 11th ed). 3',5'-cyclic GMP : A 3',5'-cyclic purine nucleotide in which the purine nucleobase is specified as guanidine.	1.97	1	0	3',5'-cyclic purine nucleotide; guanyl ribonucleotide	Escherichia coli metabolite; human metabolite; mouse metabolite; plant metabolite; Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite
guanosine triphosphate Guanosine Triphosphate: Guanosine 5'-(tetrahydrogen triphosphate). A guanine nucleotide containing three phosphate groups esterified to the sugar moiety.	1.96	1	0	guanosine 5'-phosphate; purine ribonucleoside 5'-triphosphate	Escherichia coli metabolite; mouse metabolite; uncoupling protein inhibitor
allopurinol Allopurinol: A XANTHINE OXIDASE inhibitor that decreases URIC ACID production. It also acts as an antimetabolite on some simpler organisms.. allopurinol : A bicyclic structure comprising a pyrazole ring fused to a hydroxy-substituted pyrimidine ring.	2.05	1	0	nucleobase analogue; organic heterobicyclic compound	antimetabolite; EC 1.17.3.2 (xanthine oxidase) inhibitor; gout suppressant; radical scavenger
eye [no description available]	9.01	22	12
phosphorus radioisotopes Phosphorus Radioisotopes: Unstable isotopes of phosphorus that decay or disintegrate emitting radiation. P atoms with atomic weights 28-34 except 31 are radioactive phosphorus isotopes.	1.97	1	0

Condition	Relationship Strength	Studies	Trials
Age-Related Osteoporosis [description not available]	2.41	2	0
Osteoporosis Reduction of bone mass without alteration in the composition of bone, leading to fractures. Primary osteoporosis can be of two major types: postmenopausal osteoporosis (OSTEOPOROSIS, POSTMENOPAUSAL) and age-related or senile osteoporosis.	2.41	2	0
Encephalitis, Polio [description not available]	2.06	1	0
Poliomyelitis An acute infectious disease of humans, particularly children, caused by any of three serotypes of human poliovirus (POLIOVIRUS). Usually the infection is limited to the gastrointestinal tract and nasopharynx, and is often asymptomatic. The central nervous system, primarily the spinal cord, may be affected, leading to rapidly progressive paralysis, coarse FASCICULATION and hyporeflexia. Motor neurons are primarily affected. Encephalitis may also occur. The virus replicates in the nervous system, and may cause significant neuronal loss, most notably in the spinal cord. A rare related condition, nonpoliovirus poliomyelitis, may result from infections with nonpoliovirus enteroviruses. (From Adams et al., Principles of Neurology, 6th ed, pp764-5)	2.06	1	0
Congenital Zika Syndrome [description not available]	2.25	1	0
Disease Models, Animal Naturally-occurring or experimentally-induced animal diseases with pathological processes analogous to human diseases.	5.83	13	0
Zika Virus Infection A viral disease transmitted by the bite of AEDES mosquitoes infected with ZIKA VIRUS. Its mild DENGUE-like symptoms include fever, rash, headaches and ARTHRALGIA. The viral infection during pregnancy, in rare cases, is associated with congenital brain and ocular abnormalities, called Congenital Zika Syndrome, including MICROCEPHALY and may also lead to GUILLAIN-BARRE SYNDROME.	2.25	1	0
Intraocular Pressure The pressure of the fluids in the eye.	21.63	386	174
Glaucoma An ocular disease, occurring in many forms, having as its primary characteristics an unstable or a sustained increase in the intraocular pressure which the eye cannot withstand without damage to its structure or impairment of its function. The consequences of the increased pressure may be manifested in a variety of symptoms, depending upon type and severity, such as excavation of the optic disk, hardness of the eyeball, corneal anesthesia, reduced visual acuity, seeing of colored halos around lights, disturbed dark adaptation, visual field defects, and headaches. (Dictionary of Visual Science, 4th ed)	18.62	186	46
Chronic Primary Open Angle Glaucoma [description not available]	20.21	262	124
Glaucoma, Open-Angle Glaucoma in which the angle of the anterior chamber is open and the trabecular meshwork does not encroach on the base of the iris.	20.21	262	124
Pregnancy The status during which female mammals carry their developing young (EMBRYOS or FETUSES) in utero before birth, beginning from FERTILIZATION to BIRTH.	14.31	334	63
Abortion, Veterinary Premature expulsion of the FETUS in animals.	7.21	22	5
Bovine Diseases [description not available]	9.15	36	9
Glaucoma, Suspect [description not available]	20.06	223	116
Ocular Hypertension A condition in which the intraocular pressure is elevated above normal and which may lead to glaucoma.	20.06	223	116
Acinetobacter Infections Infections with bacteria of the genus ACINETOBACTER.	2.25	1	0
Active Hyperemia [description not available]	12.22	28	12
Choroidal Detachment Separation of the CHOROID from the SCLERA.	2.41	1	0
Hyperemia The presence of an increased amount of blood in a body part or an organ leading to congestion or engorgement of blood vessels. Hyperemia can be due to increase of blood flow into the area (active or arterial), or due to obstruction of outflow of blood from the area (passive or venous).	12.22	28	12
Uveitis Inflammation of part or all of the uvea, the middle (vascular) tunic of the eye, and commonly involving the other tunics (sclera and cornea, and the retina). (Dorland, 27th ed)	2.79	3	0
Uveitis, Anterior Inflammation of the anterior uvea comprising the iris, angle structures, and the ciliary body. Manifestations of this disorder include ciliary injection, exudation into the anterior chamber, iris changes, and adhesions between the iris and lens (posterior synechiae). Intraocular pressure may be increased or reduced.	3.29	6	0
Orbital Diseases Diseases of the bony orbit and contents except the eyeball.	3.93	4	0
Body Weight The mass or quantity of heaviness of an individual. It is expressed by units of pounds or kilograms.	4.76	7	1
Endometrial Diseases [description not available]	5.07	5	2
Caprine Diseases [description not available]	2.49	2	0
Uterine Diseases Pathological processes involving any part of the UTERUS.	5.07	5	2
Back Ache [description not available]	2.21	1	0
Equine Diseases [description not available]	2.77	3	0
Back Pain Acute or chronic pain located in the posterior regions of the THORAX; LUMBOSACRAL REGION; or the adjacent regions.	2.21	1	0
Recrudescence [description not available]	4.21	6	0
Pyometra An accumulation of PUS in the uterine cavity (UTERUS). Pyometra generally indicates the presence of infections.	7.54	2	0
Canine Diseases [description not available]	6.89	7	4
Atypical Endometrial Hyperplasia A benign form of endometrial hyperplasia with increased number of cells with atypia. The atypical cells are large and irregular and have an increased nuclear/cytoplasmic ratio. The risk of progression to endometrial carcinoma rises with the increasing degree of cell atypia.	5.84	6	4
Endometrial Hyperplasia Benign proliferation of the ENDOMETRIUM in the UTERUS. Endometrial hyperplasia is classified by its cytology and glandular tissue. There are simple, complex (adenomatous without atypia), and atypical hyperplasia representing also the ascending risk of becoming malignant.	10.84	6	4
Cataract, Membranous [description not available]	5.05	3	3
Ache [description not available]	3.47	1	1
Cataract Partial or complete opacity on or in the lens or capsule of one or both eyes, impairing vision or causing blindness. The many kinds of cataract are classified by their morphology (size, shape, location) or etiology (cause and time of occurrence). (Dorland, 27th ed)	5.05	3	3
Pain An unpleasant sensation induced by noxious stimuli which are detected by NERVE ENDINGS of NOCICEPTIVE NEURONS.	3.47	1	1
Conjunctival Diseases Diseases involving the CONJUNCTIVA.	9.86	13	5
Hypotrichosis Presence of less than the normal amount of hair. (Dorland, 27th ed)	8.94	13	3
Trichotillomania Compulsion to pull out one's hair.	2.08	1	0
Abnormalities, Skin [description not available]	4.95	4	0
Skin Abnormalities Congenital structural abnormalities of the skin.	4.95	4	0
Exfoliation Glaucoma [description not available]	9.4	17	9
Exfoliation Syndrome The deposition of flaky, translucent fibrillar material most conspicuous on the anterior lens capsule and pupillary margin but also in both surfaces of the iris, the zonules, trabecular meshwork, ciliary body, corneal endothelium, and orbital blood vessels. It sometimes forms a membrane on the anterior iris surface. Exfoliation refers to the shedding of pigment by the iris. (Newell, Ophthalmology, 7th ed, p380)	9.4	17	9
Incontinentia Pigmenti Achromians [description not available]	7.75	10	1
Iris Diseases Diseases, dysfunctions, or disorders of or located in the iris.	5.92	5	1
Cranial Nerve II Diseases [description not available]	4.37	4	1
Optic Nerve Diseases Conditions which produce injury or dysfunction of the second cranial or optic nerve, which is generally considered a component of the central nervous system. Damage to optic nerve fibers may occur at or near their origin in the retina, at the optic disk, or in the nerve, optic chiasm, optic tract, or lateral geniculate nuclei. Clinical manifestations may include decreased visual acuity and contrast sensitivity, impaired color vision, and an afferent pupillary defect.	4.37	4	1
Eyelid Diseases Diseases involving the EYELIDS.	7.91	24	1
Cat Diseases Diseases of the domestic cat (Felis catus or F. domesticus). This term does not include diseases of the so-called big cats such as CHEETAHS; LIONS; tigers, cougars, panthers, leopards, and other Felidae for which the heading CARNIVORA is used.	2.1	1	0
Complication, Postoperative [description not available]	5.04	3	3
Glaucoma, Angle Closure [description not available]	10.19	16	10
Postoperative Complications Pathologic processes that affect patients after a surgical procedure. They may or may not be related to the disease for which the surgery was done, and they may or may not be direct results of the surgery.	5.04	3	3
Glaucoma, Angle-Closure A form of glaucoma in which the intraocular pressure increases because the angle of the anterior chamber is blocked and the aqueous humor cannot drain from the anterior chamber.	10.19	16	10
Low Tension Glaucoma A form of glaucoma in which chronic optic nerve damage and loss of vision normally attributable to buildup of intraocular pressure occurs despite prevailing conditions of normal intraocular pressure.	5.73	5	4
Dry Eye [description not available]	4.14	3	1
Dry Eye Syndromes Corneal and conjunctival dryness due to deficient tear production, predominantly in menopausal and post-menopausal women. Filamentary keratitis or erosion of the conjunctival and corneal epithelium may be caused by these disorders. Sensation of the presence of a foreign body in the eye and burning of the eyes may occur.	4.14	3	1
Hypertrichosis Excessive hair growth at inappropriate locations, such as on the extremities, the head, and the back. It is caused by genetic or acquired factors, and is an androgen-independent process. This concept does not include HIRSUTISM which is an androgen-dependent excess hair growth in WOMEN and CHILDREN.	7.68	13	1
Endomyometritis Inflammation of both the ENDOMETRIUM and the MYOMETRIUM, usually caused by infections after a CESAREAN SECTION.	8.31	19	7
Endometritis Inflammation of the ENDOMETRIUM, usually caused by intrauterine infections. Endometritis is the most common cause of postpartum fever.	8.31	19	7
Choroid Hemorrhage Hemorrhage from the vessels of the choroid.	2.08	1	0
Eye Pain A dull or sharp painful sensation associated with the outer or inner structures of the eyeball, having different causes.	3.48	1	1
Corneal Diseases Diseases of the cornea.	5.12	5	2
Itching [description not available]	4.76	2	1
Erythema Redness of the skin produced by congestion of the capillaries. This condition may result from a variety of disease processes.	3.01	1	0
Pruritus An intense itching sensation that produces the urge to rub or scratch the skin to obtain relief.	4.76	2	1
Abdominal Cramps [description not available]	2.46	2	0
Hypomenorrhea [description not available]	2.1	1	0
Colicky Pain [description not available]	2.1	1	0
Abdominal Pain Sensation of discomfort, distress, or agony in the abdominal region.	2.1	1	0
Drug Overdose Accidental or deliberate use of a medication or street drug in excess of normal dosage.	2.1	1	0
Hypermelanosis [description not available]	7.23	8	1
Hypomelanosis [description not available]	4.33	2	0
Alopecia Cicatrisata [description not available]	4.82	4	0
Alopecia Absence of hair from areas where it is normally present.	4.82	4	0
Hyperpigmentation Excessive pigmentation of the skin, usually as a result of increased epidermal or dermal melanin pigmentation, hypermelanosis. Hyperpigmentation can be localized or generalized. The condition may arise from exposure to light, chemicals or other substances, or from a primary metabolic imbalance.	7.23	8	1
Hypopigmentation A condition caused by a deficiency or a loss of melanin pigmentation in the epidermis, also known as hypomelanosis. Hypopigmentation can be localized or generalized, and may result from genetic defects, trauma, inflammation, or infections.	4.33	2	0
Nasal Diseases [description not available]	2.11	1	0
Obesity A status with BODY WEIGHT that is grossly above the recommended standards, usually due to accumulation of excess FATS in the body. The standards may vary with age, sex, genetic or cultural background. In the BODY MASS INDEX, a BMI greater than 30.0 kg/m2 is considered obese, and a BMI greater than 40.0 kg/m2 is considered morbidly obese (MORBID OBESITY).	2.49	2	0
Diabetic Angiopathies VASCULAR DISEASES that are associated with DIABETES MELLITUS.	2.11	1	0
Glaucoma, Neovascular A form of secondary glaucoma which develops as a consequence of another ocular disease and is attributed to the forming of new vessels in the angle of the anterior chamber.	2.11	1	0
Stillbirth The event that a FETUS is born dead or stillborn.	2.11	1	0
Complications, Pregnancy [description not available]	2.4	2	0
Corpus Luteum Cyst [description not available]	5.64	10	2
Ovarian Cysts General term for CYSTS and cystic diseases of the OVARY.	10.64	10	2
Exertional Heat Illness [description not available]	2.15	1	0
Emergencies Situations or conditions requiring immediate intervention to avoid serious adverse results.	2.15	1	0
Choroid Diseases Disorders of the choroid including hereditary choroidal diseases, neoplasms, and other abnormalities of the vascular layer of the uvea.	2.97	4	0
Cyst [description not available]	2.96	1	0
Disease Exacerbation [description not available]	4.34	4	1
Complications, Labor [description not available]	2.9	4	0
Bowel Incontinence [description not available]	3.43	1	1
Fecal Incontinence Failure of voluntary control of the anal sphincters, with involuntary passage of feces and flatus.	3.43	1	1
Ocular Hypotension Abnormally low intraocular pressure often related to chronic inflammation (uveitis).	6.28	7	2
Depression, Endogenous [description not available]	2.04	1	0
Depressive Disorder An affective disorder manifested by either a dysphoric mood or loss of interest or pleasure in usual activities. The mood disturbance is prominent and relatively persistent.	2.04	1	0
Exophthalmos Abnormal protrusion of both eyes; may be caused by endocrine gland malfunction, malignancy, injury, or paralysis of the extrinsic muscles of the eye.	2.04	1	0
C-C Fistula [description not available]	2.04	1	0
Cadaver A dead body, usually a human body.	2.04	1	0
Bleeding [description not available]	2.46	2	0
Sterility, Female [description not available]	5.44	8	2
Ovarian Diseases Pathological processes of the OVARY.	4.14	3	1
Anovulation Suspension or cessation of OVULATION in animals or humans with follicle-containing ovaries (OVARIAN FOLLICLE). Depending on the etiology, OVULATION may be induced with appropriate therapy.	2.46	2	0
Hemorrhage Bleeding or escape of blood from a vessel.	2.46	2	0
Infertility, Female Diminished or absent ability of a female to achieve conception.	5.44	8	2
Herpes Simplex Keratitis [description not available]	2.72	3	0
Keratitis, Herpetic A superficial, epithelial Herpesvirus hominis infection of the cornea, characterized by the presence of small vesicles which may break down and coalesce to form dendritic ulcers (KERATITIS, DENDRITIC). (Dictionary of Visual Science, 3d ed)	2.72	3	0
Retinal Pigment Epithelial Detachment [description not available]	2.46	2	0
Angiomatosis Oculoorbital-Thalamic Syndrome [description not available]	2.75	3	0
Uveal Diseases Diseases of the uvea.	2.04	1	0
Retinal Detachment Separation of the inner layers of the retina (neural retina) from the pigment epithelium. Retinal detachment occurs more commonly in men than in women, in eyes with degenerative myopia, in aging and in aphakia. It may occur after an uncomplicated cataract extraction, but it is seen more often if vitreous humor has been lost during surgery. (Dorland, 27th ed; Newell, Ophthalmology: Principles and Concepts, 7th ed, p310-12).	2.46	2	0
Sturge-Weber Syndrome A non-inherited congenital condition with vascular and neurological abnormalities. It is characterized by facial vascular nevi (PORT-WINE STAIN), and capillary angiomatosis of intracranial membranes (MENINGES; CHOROID). Neurological features include EPILEPSY; cognitive deficits; GLAUCOMA; and visual defects.	2.75	3	0
Muscle Contraction A process leading to shortening and/or development of tension in muscle tissue. Muscle contraction occurs by a sliding filament mechanism whereby actin filaments slide inward among the myosin filaments.	3.63	9	0
Alopecia Circumscripta [description not available]	4.91	4	2
Alopecia Areata Loss of scalp and body hair involving microscopically inflammatory patchy areas.	4.91	4	2
Pink Eye [description not available]	4.1	3	1
Conjunctivitis INFLAMMATION of the CONJUNCTIVA.	4.1	3	1
Hair Diseases Diseases affecting the orderly growth and persistence of hair.	4.11	3	1
Adverse Drug Event [description not available]	6.18	4	1
Drug-Related Side Effects and Adverse Reactions Disorders that result from the intended use of PHARMACEUTICAL PREPARATIONS. Included in this heading are a broad variety of chemically-induced adverse conditions due to toxicity, DRUG INTERACTIONS, and metabolic effects of pharmaceuticals.	6.18	4	1
Injury, Ischemia-Reperfusion [description not available]	2.05	1	0
Retinal Diseases Diseases involving the RETINA.	2.47	2	0
Reperfusion Injury Adverse functional, metabolic, or structural changes in tissues that result from the restoration of blood flow to the tissue (REPERFUSION) following ISCHEMIA.	2.05	1	0
Keratitis Inflammation of the cornea.	2.46	2	0
Infection [description not available]	3.44	1	1
Infections Invasion of the host organism by microorganisms or their toxins or by parasites that can cause pathological conditions or diseases.	3.44	1	1
Acne [description not available]	2.05	1	0
Acne Vulgaris A chronic disorder of the pilosebaceous apparatus associated with an increase in sebum secretion. It is characterized by open comedones (blackheads), closed comedones (whiteheads), and pustular nodules. The cause is unknown, but heredity and age are predisposing factors.	2.05	1	0
Breast Cancer [description not available]	2.05	1	0
Breast Neoplasms Tumors or cancer of the human BREAST.	2.05	1	0
Capsule Opacification Clouding or loss of transparency of the posterior lens capsule, usually following CATARACT extraction.	3.44	1	1
Day Blindness [description not available]	4.68	3	2
Atrophy Decrease in the size of a cell, tissue, organ, or multiple organs, associated with a variety of pathological conditions such as abnormal cellular changes, ischemia, malnutrition, or hormonal changes.	2.74	3	0
Congenital X-Linked Retinoschisis [description not available]	2.06	1	0
Bradyarrhythmia [description not available]	2.05	1	0
Bradycardia Cardiac arrhythmias that are characterized by excessively slow HEART RATE, usually below 50 beats per minute in human adults. They can be classified broadly into SINOATRIAL NODE dysfunction and ATRIOVENTRICULAR BLOCK.	2.05	1	0
Ocular Infections [description not available]	2.06	1	0
Eye Infections Infection, moderate to severe, caused by bacteria, fungi, or viruses, which occurs either on the external surface of the eye or intraocularly with probable inflammation, visual impairment, or blindness.	2.06	1	0
Weight Gain Increase in BODY WEIGHT over existing weight.	3.84	2	1
Anxiety Feelings or emotions of dread, apprehension, and impending disaster but not disabling as with ANXIETY DISORDERS.	3.45	1	1
Cleft Palate, Isolated [description not available]	2.07	1	0
Cleft Palate Congenital fissure of the soft and/or hard palate, due to faulty fusion.	2.07	1	0
Cough A sudden, audible expulsion of air from the lungs through a partially closed glottis, preceded by inhalation. It is a protective response that serves to clear the trachea, bronchi, and/or lungs of irritants and secretions, or to prevent aspiration of foreign materials into the lungs.	2.07	1	0
Malignant Melanoma [description not available]	2.07	1	0
Nevi, Melanocytic [description not available]	2.07	1	0
Eyelid Neoplasms Tumors of cancer of the EYELIDS.	2.07	1	0
Melanoma A malignant neoplasm derived from cells that are capable of forming melanin, which may occur in the skin of any part of the body, in the eye, or, rarely, in the mucous membranes of the genitalia, anus, oral cavity, or other sites. It occurs mostly in adults and may originate de novo or from a pigmented nevus or malignant lentigo. Melanomas frequently metastasize widely, and the regional lymph nodes, liver, lungs, and brain are likely to be involved. The incidence of malignant skin melanomas is rising rapidly in all parts of the world. (Stedman, 25th ed; from Rook et al., Textbook of Dermatology, 4th ed, p2445)	2.07	1	0
Nevus, Pigmented A nevus containing melanin. The term is usually restricted to nevocytic nevi (round or oval collections of melanin-containing nevus cells occurring at the dermoepidermal junction of the skin or in the dermis proper) or moles, but may be applied to other pigmented nevi.	2.07	1	0
Allergic Conjunctivitis [description not available]	2.07	1	0
Conjunctivitis, Allergic Conjunctivitis due to hypersensitivity to various allergens.	2.07	1	0
Chlamydia pneumoniae Infections [description not available]	3.46	1	1
Cicatrization The formation of fibrous tissue in the place of normal tissue during the process of WOUND HEALING. It includes scar tissue formation occurring in healing internal organs as well as in the skin after surface injuries.	2.07	1	0
Cicatrix The fibrous tissue that replaces normal tissue during the process of WOUND HEALING.	2.07	1	0
Rupture Forcible or traumatic tear or break of an organ or other soft part of the body.	2.08	1	0
Wounds, Gunshot Disruption of structural continuity of the body as a result of the discharge of firearms.	2.08	1	0
Eye Injuries, Penetrating Deeply perforating or puncturing type intraocular injuries.	2.08	1	0
Contact Dermatitis [description not available]	9.69	9	9
Dermatitis, Contact A type of acute or chronic skin reaction in which sensitivity is manifested by reactivity to materials or substances coming in contact with the skin. It may involve allergic or non-allergic mechanisms.	9.69	9	9
Diathesis [description not available]	2.07	1	0
Insulin Sensitivity [description not available]	2.07	1	0
Insulin Resistance Diminished effectiveness of INSULIN in lowering blood sugar levels: requiring the use of 200 units or more of insulin per day to prevent HYPERGLYCEMIA or KETOSIS.	2.07	1	0
Lipodystrophy A collection of heterogenous conditions resulting from defective LIPID METABOLISM and characterized by ADIPOSE TISSUE atrophy. Often there is redistribution of body fat resulting in peripheral fat wasting and central adiposity. They include generalized, localized, congenital, and acquired lipodystrophy.	2.07	1	0
Breathlessness [description not available]	2.07	1	0
Embolism, Pulmonary [description not available]	2.07	1	0
Tachyarrhythmia [description not available]	2.07	1	0
Dyspnea Difficult or labored breathing.	2.07	1	0
Pulmonary Embolism Blocking of the PULMONARY ARTERY or one of its branches by an EMBOLUS.	2.07	1	0
Tachycardia Abnormally rapid heartbeat, usually with a HEART RATE above 100 beats per minute for adults. Tachycardia accompanied by disturbance in the cardiac depolarization (cardiac arrhythmia) is called tachyarrhythmia.	2.07	1	0
Birth Weight The mass or quantity of heaviness of an individual at BIRTH. It is expressed by units of pounds or kilograms.	4.29	4	1
Preterm Birth [description not available]	3.47	1	1
Premature Birth CHILDBIRTH before 37 weeks of PREGNANCY (259 days from the first day of the mother's last menstrual period, or 245 days after FERTILIZATION).	3.47	1	1
Emesis [description not available]	2.08	1	0
Diarrhea An increased liquidity or decreased consistency of FECES, such as running stool. Fecal consistency is related to the ratio of water-holding capacity of insoluble solids to total water, rather than the amount of water present. Diarrhea is not hyperdefecation or increased fecal weight.	2.43	2	0
Nausea An unpleasant sensation in the stomach usually accompanied by the urge to vomit. Common causes are early pregnancy, sea and motion sickness, emotional stress, intense pain, food poisoning, and various enteroviruses.	2.08	1	0
Vomiting The forcible expulsion of the contents of the STOMACH through the MOUTH.	2.08	1	0
Colitis Inflammation of the COLON section of the large intestine (INTESTINE, LARGE), usually with symptoms such as DIARRHEA (often with blood and mucus), ABDOMINAL PAIN, and FEVER.	2.08	1	0
Puerperal Disorders Disorders or diseases associated with PUERPERIUM, the six-to-eight-week period immediately after PARTURITION in humans.	4.28	4	1
Anterior Ischemic Optic Neuropathy [description not available]	2.42	2	0
Optic Neuropathy, Ischemic Ischemic injury to the OPTIC NERVE which usually affects the OPTIC DISK (optic neuropathy, anterior ischemic) and less frequently the retrobulbar portion of the nerve (optic neuropathy, posterior ischemic). The injury results from occlusion of arterial blood supply which may result from TEMPORAL ARTERITIS; ATHEROSCLEROSIS; COLLAGEN DISEASES; EMBOLISM; DIABETES MELLITUS; and other conditions. The disease primarily occurs in the sixth decade or later and presents with the sudden onset of painless and usually severe monocular visual loss. Anterior ischemic optic neuropathy also features optic disk edema with microhemorrhages. The optic disk appears normal in posterior ischemic optic neuropathy. (Glaser, Neuro-Ophthalmology, 2nd ed, p135)	2.42	2	0
Chronic Illness [description not available]	6.22	6	6
Chronic Disease Diseases which have one or more of the following characteristics: they are permanent, leave residual disability, are caused by nonreversible pathological alteration, require special training of the patient for rehabilitation, or may be expected to require a long period of supervision, observation, or care (Dictionary of Health Services Management, 2d ed). For epidemiological studies chronic disease often includes HEART DISEASES; STROKE; CANCER; and diabetes (DIABETES MELLITUS, TYPE 2).	6.22	6	6
Granulomas [description not available]	2.01	1	0
Granuloma A relatively small nodular inflammatory lesion containing grouped mononuclear phagocytes, caused by infectious and noninfectious agents.	2.01	1	0
Acute Disease Disease having a short and relatively severe course.	2.43	2	0
Iritis Inflammation of the iris characterized by circumcorneal injection, aqueous flare, keratotic precipitates, and constricted and sluggish pupil along with discoloration of the iris.	2.43	2	0
Corneal Edema An excessive amount of fluid in the cornea due to damage of the epithelium or endothelium causing decreased visual acuity.	2.43	2	0
Pus [description not available]	5.19	4	1
Vaginal Discharge A common gynecologic disorder characterized by an abnormal, nonbloody discharge from the genital tract.	4.37	2	2
Allergic Contact Dermatitis [description not available]	2.43	2	0
Dermatitis, Allergic Contact A contact dermatitis due to allergic sensitization to various substances. These substances subsequently produce inflammatory reactions in the skin of those who have acquired hypersensitivity to them as a result of prior exposure.	2.43	2	0
Pseudophakia Presence of an intraocular lens after cataract extraction.	4.33	4	1
Central Retinal Edema, Cystoid [description not available]	4.79	7	1
Macular Edema Fluid accumulation in the outer layer of the MACULA LUTEA that results from intraocular or systemic insults. It may develop in a diffuse pattern where the macula appears thickened or it may acquire the characteristic petaloid appearance referred to as cystoid macular edema. Although macular edema may be associated with various underlying conditions, it is most commonly seen following intraocular surgery, venous occlusive disease, DIABETIC RETINOPATHY, and posterior segment inflammatory disease. (From Survey of Ophthalmology 2004; 49(5) 470-90)	4.79	7	1
Sensitivity and Specificity Binary classification measures to assess test results. Sensitivity or recall rate is the proportion of true positives. Specificity is the probability of correctly determining the absence of a condition. (From Last, Dictionary of Epidemiology, 2d ed)	2.02	1	0
Aphakia, Postcataract Absence of the crystalline lens resulting from cataract extraction.	3.41	1	1
Sensation Disorders Disorders of the special senses (i.e., VISION; HEARING; TASTE; and SMELL) or somatosensory system (i.e., afferent components of the PERIPHERAL NERVOUS SYSTEM).	2.02	1	0
Weight Reduction [description not available]	2.02	1	0
Weight Loss Decrease in existing BODY WEIGHT.	2.02	1	0
Metabolic Acidosis [description not available]	2.02	1	0
Swine Diseases Diseases of domestic swine and of the wild boar of the genus Sus.	3.35	7	0
Acidosis A pathologic condition of acid accumulation or depletion of base in the body. The two main types are RESPIRATORY ACIDOSIS and metabolic acidosis, due to metabolic acid build up.	2.02	1	0
Aging The gradual irreversible changes in structure and function of an organism that occur as a result of the passage of time.	2.02	1	0
Chloasma [description not available]	3.34	2	0
Melanosis Disorders of increased melanin pigmentation that develop without preceding inflammatory disease.	3.34	2	0
Blastocyst Disintegration [description not available]	2.03	1	0
Fetal Death Death of the developing young in utero. BIRTH of a dead FETUS is STILLBIRTH.	3.23	6	0
Anoxia, Fetal [description not available]	2.03	1	0
Fetal Hypoxia Deficient oxygenation of FETAL BLOOD.	2.03	1	0
Apoplexy [description not available]	2.03	1	0
Eye Disorders [description not available]	2.03	1	0
Age-Related Macular Degeneration [description not available]	2.42	2	0
Egyptian Ophthalmia [description not available]	2.03	1	0
Eye Diseases Diseases affecting the eye.	2.03	1	0
Macular Degeneration Degenerative changes in the RETINA usually of older adults which results in a loss of vision in the center of the visual field (the MACULA LUTEA) because of damage to the retina. It occurs in dry and wet forms.	2.42	2	0
Stroke A group of pathological conditions characterized by sudden, non-convulsive loss of neurological function due to BRAIN ISCHEMIA or INTRACRANIAL HEMORRHAGES. Stroke is classified by the type of tissue NECROSIS, such as the anatomic location, vasculature involved, etiology, age of the affected individual, and hemorrhagic vs. non-hemorrhagic nature. (From Adams et al., Principles of Neurology, 6th ed, pp777-810)	2.03	1	0
Necrosis The death of cells in an organ or tissue due to disease, injury or failure of the blood supply.	2.41	2	0
Enophthalmos Recession of the eyeball into the orbit.	2.04	1	0
Cholera Infantum [description not available]	2.04	1	0
Dermatitis Medicamentosa [description not available]	2.04	1	0
Mastitis, Bovine INFLAMMATION of the UDDER in cows.	1.96	1	0
Gait Disorders, Animal [description not available]	1.96	1	0
Sex Disorders [description not available]	1.96	1	0
Sexual Dysfunction, Physiological Physiological disturbances in normal sexual performance in either the male or the female.	1.96	1	0
Labor, Premature [description not available]	2.36	2	0
Infection, Puerperal [description not available]	2.87	1	0
Milk Fever, Animal [description not available]	3.34	1	1
Hydramnios [description not available]	1.96	1	0
Placenta Diseases Pathological processes or abnormal functions of the PLACENTA.	1.96	1	0
Condition, Preneoplastic [description not available]	3.37	1	1
Cancer of Endometrium [description not available]	3.37	1	1
Precancerous Conditions Pathological conditions that tend eventually to become malignant.	3.37	1	1
Endometrial Neoplasms Tumors or cancer of ENDOMETRIUM, the mucous lining of the UTERUS. These neoplasms can be benign or malignant. Their classification and grading are based on the various cell types and the percent of undifferentiated cells.	3.37	1	1
Placenta, Retained A placenta that fails to be expelled after BIRTH of the FETUS. A PLACENTA is retained when the UTERUS fails to contract after the delivery of its content, or when the placenta is abnormally attached to the MYOMETRIUM.	3.78	2	1
Acid-Base Imbalance Disturbances in the ACID-BASE EQUILIBRIUM of the body.	1.99	1	0
Fasting Hypoglycemia HYPOGLYCEMIA expressed in the postabsorptive state, after prolonged FASTING, or an overnight fast.	1.99	1	0
Hypoglycemia A syndrome of abnormally low BLOOD GLUCOSE level. Clinical hypoglycemia has diverse etiologies. Severe hypoglycemia eventually lead to glucose deprivation of the CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM resulting in HUNGER; SWEATING; PARESTHESIA; impaired mental function; SEIZURES; COMA; and even DEATH.	1.99	1	0
Diabetes Mellitus A heterogeneous group of disorders characterized by HYPERGLYCEMIA and GLUCOSE INTOLERANCE.	2.01	1	0
Symptom Cluster [description not available]	2.36	2	0
Syndrome A characteristic symptom complex.	2.36	2	0
Electrolytes Substances that dissociate into two or more ions, to some extent, in water. Solutions of electrolytes thus conduct an electric current and can be decomposed by it (ELECTROLYSIS). (Grant & Hackh's Chemical Dictionary, 5th ed)	1.95	1	0
Anesthesia A state characterized by loss of feeling or sensation. This depression of nerve function is usually the result of pharmacologic action and is induced to allow performance of surgery or other painful procedures.	1.95	1	0
Hypogalactia A condition of less than normal MILK secretion.	1.95	1	0
Mastitis INFLAMMATION of the BREAST, or MAMMARY GLAND.	1.95	1	0
Abortion, Missed The retention in the UTERUS of a dead FETUS two months or more after its DEATH.	1.95	1	0
Dystocia Slow or difficult OBSTETRIC LABOR or CHILDBIRTH.	1.95	1	0
Gastric Ulcer [description not available]	1.98	1	0
Stomach Ulcer Ulceration of the GASTRIC MUCOSA due to contact with GASTRIC JUICE. It is often associated with HELICOBACTER PYLORI infection or consumption of nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDS).	1.98	1	0
Actinomyces Infections [description not available]	1.97	1	0
Complications, Infectious Pregnancy [description not available]	1.97	1	0
Arrhythmia [description not available]	1.97	1	0
Arrhythmias, Cardiac Any disturbances of the normal rhythmic beating of the heart or MYOCARDIAL CONTRACTION. Cardiac arrhythmias can be classified by the abnormalities in HEART RATE, disorders of electrical impulse generation, or impulse conduction.	1.97	1	0

cloprostenol

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Overview

Effects

Treatment

Toxicity

Compound-Compound Interactions

Bioavailability

Dosage Studied

Drug Classes (1)

Protein Targets (10)

Inhibition Measurements

Activation Measurements

Biological Processes (70)

Molecular Functions (13)

Ceullar Components (11)

Bioassays (45)

Research

Studies (1,264)

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Research Demand Index: 59.34

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Clinical Trials (3)

Trial Overview

cloprostenol

Description

Cross-References

Synonyms (77)

Research Excerpts

Overview

Effects

Treatment

Toxicity

Compound-Compound Interactions

Bioavailability

Dosage Studied

Drug Classes (1)

Protein Targets (10)

Inhibition Measurements

Activation Measurements

Biological Processes (70)

Molecular Functions (13)

Ceullar Components (11)

Bioassays (45)

Research

Studies (1,264)

Market Indicators

Research Demand Index: 59.34

Study Types

Clinical Trials (3)

Trial Overview

Related Drugs (258)

Related Conditions (253)