A low-molecular-weight, non-protein organic compound participating in enzymatic reactions as dissociable acceptor or donor of chemical groups or electrons.
ChEBI ID: 23354
| Member | Definition | Class |
|---|---|---|
| 7-mercaptoheptanoylthreonine phosphate | coenzyme B | |
| acetyl coenzyme a | An acyl-CoA having acetyl as its S-acetyl component. | acetyl-CoA |
| ascorbic acid | The L-enantiomer of ascorbic acid and conjugate acid of L-ascorbate. | L-ascorbic acid |
| biotin | An organic heterobicyclic compound that consists of 2-oxohexahydro-1H-thieno[3,4-d]imidazole having a valeric acid substituent attached to the tetrahydrothiophene ring. The parent of the class of biotins. | biotin |
| coenzyme a | A thiol comprising a panthothenate unit in phosphoric anhydride linkage with a 3',5'-adenosine diphosphate unit; and an aminoethanethiol unit. | coenzyme A |
| dehydroascorbic acid | Dehydroascorbic acid having the L-configuration. | L-dehydroascorbic acid |
| flavin mononucleotide | A flavin mononucleotide that is riboflavin (vitamin B2) in which the primary hydroxy group has been converted to its dihydrogen phosphate ester. | FMN |
| pantethine | An organic disulfide that consists of two molecules of pantothenic acid linked by amide bonds to a cysteamine disulfide bridging group. | pantethine |
| pyridoxal phosphate | The monophosphate ester obtained by condensation of phosphoric acid with the primary hydroxy group of pyridoxal. | pyridoxal 5'-phosphate |
| s-adenosylmethionine | A sulfonium compound that is the S-adenosyl derivative of L-methionine. It is an intermediate in the metabolic pathway of methionine. | S-adenosyl-L-methionine zwitterion; S-adenosyl-L-methionine |
| sapropterin | A tetrahydropterin that is 2-amino-5,6,7,8-tetrahydropteridin-4(3H)-one in which a hydrogen at position 6 is substituted by a 1,2-dihydroxypropyl group (6R,1'R,2'S-enantiomer). | sapropterin |
| sapropterin dihydrochloride | The dihydrochloride salt of sapropterin. It is used for the diagnosis and treatment of variant forms of phenylketonuria (hyperphenylalaninaemia) associated with tetrahydrobiopterin deficiency. Natural cofactor for phenylalanine hydroxylase, tyrosine hydroxylase, tryptophan hydroxylase, and nitric oxide synthetase. | sapropterin dihydrochloride |
| Timeframe | Studies, Drugs with This Role(%) | All Drugs % |
|---|---|---|
| pre-1990 | 28,359 (35.93) | 18.7374 |
| 1990's | 12,176 (15.42) | 18.2507 |
| 2000's | 16,321 (20.68) | 29.6817 |
| 2010's | 16,400 (20.78) | 24.3611 |
| 2020's | 5,681 (7.20) | 2.80 |
| Publication Type | Studies, Drugs with this Role (%) | All Drugs (%) |
|---|---|---|
| Trials | 3,078 (3.60%) | 5.53% |
| Reviews | 5,163 (6.03%) | 6.00% |
| Case Studies | 1,386 (1.62%) | 4.05% |
| Observational | 63 (0.07%) | 0.25% |
| Other | 75,887 (88.68%) | 84.16% |
| Protein | Taxonomy | Measurement | Average (mM) | Bioassay(s) | Drugs |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| acetylcholinesterase | Homo sapiens (human) | Potency | 0.7762 | 1 | 1 |
| apical membrane antigen 1, AMA1 | Plasmodium falciparum 3D7 | Potency | 0.3162 | 1 | 1 |
| AR protein | Homo sapiens (human) | Potency | 9.5195 | 2 | 4 |
| Chain A, JmjC domain-containing histone demethylation protein 3A | Homo sapiens (human) | Potency | 0.0035 | 1 | 1 |
| chromobox protein homolog 1 | Homo sapiens (human) | Potency | 100.0000 | 1 | 1 |
| cytochrome P450 family 3 subfamily A polypeptide 4 | Homo sapiens (human) | Potency | 23.9185 | 1 | 1 |
| estrogen nuclear receptor alpha | Homo sapiens (human) | Potency | 28.0166 | 4 | 7 |
| estrogen-related nuclear receptor alpha | Homo sapiens (human) | Potency | 24.3365 | 1 | 1 |
| euchromatic histone-lysine N-methyltransferase 2 | Homo sapiens (human) | Potency | 16.2710 | 1 | 2 |
| geminin | Homo sapiens (human) | Potency | 0.1836 | 1 | 1 |
| GLI family zinc finger 3 | Homo sapiens (human) | Potency | 8.0319 | 1 | 2 |
| glucocorticoid receptor [Homo sapiens] | Homo sapiens (human) | Potency | 8.9399 | 2 | 4 |
| IDH1 | Homo sapiens (human) | Potency | 5.1735 | 1 | 1 |
| lamin isoform A-delta10 | Homo sapiens (human) | Potency | 0.0025 | 1 | 1 |
| lethal factor (plasmid) | Bacillus anthracis str. A2012 | Potency | 2.5119 | 1 | 1 |
| lethal(3)malignant brain tumor-like protein 1 isoform I | Homo sapiens (human) | Potency | 0.6310 | 1 | 1 |
| nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 isoform 1 | Homo sapiens (human) | Potency | 36.8721 | 3 | 4 |
| nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 isoform 2 | Homo sapiens (human) | Potency | 20.5962 | 1 | 1 |
| peripheral myelin protein 22 | Rattus norvegicus (Norway rat) | Potency | 9.0743 | 1 | 1 |
| potassium voltage-gated channel subfamily H member 2 isoform d | Homo sapiens (human) | Potency | 14.1254 | 1 | 1 |
| RAR-related orphan receptor gamma | Mus musculus (house mouse) | Potency | 16.5102 | 1 | 3 |
| retinoic acid nuclear receptor alpha variant 1 | Homo sapiens (human) | Potency | 42.4737 | 2 | 2 |
| Spike glycoprotein | Severe acute respiratory syndrome-related coronavirus | Potency | 16.7006 | 1 | 2 |
| thioredoxin glutathione reductase | Schistosoma mansoni | Potency | 22.3872 | 1 | 1 |
| thyroid hormone receptor beta isoform 2 | Rattus norvegicus (Norway rat) | Potency | 28.9240 | 1 | 1 |
| vitamin D (1,25- dihydroxyvitamin D3) receptor | Homo sapiens (human) | Potency | 0.0020 | 1 | 1 |
| vitamin D3 receptor isoform VDRA | Homo sapiens (human) | Potency | 89.1251 | 1 | 1 |
| Protein | Taxonomy | Measurement | Average (mM) | Bioassay(s) | Drugs |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Albumin | Bos taurus (cattle) | IC50 | 155.3800 | 1 | 1 |
| Bifunctional dihydrofolate reductase-thymidylate synthase | Toxoplasma gondii | IC50 | 500.0000 | 1 | 1 |
| Chain A, Hyaluronidase, phage associated | Streptococcus pyogenes | IC50 | 1,000.0000 | 1 | 1 |
| Choline O-acetyltransferase | Homo sapiens (human) | Ki | 75.0000 | 1 | 1 |
| Dihydrofolate reductase | Homo sapiens (human) | IC50 | 325.0000 | 1 | 1 |
| green fluorescent protein, partial | Aequorea victoria | IC50 | 67.5880 | 1 | 1 |
| Histone acetyltransferase KAT2B | Homo sapiens (human) | IC50 | 41.9100 | 1 | 1 |
| Histone acetyltransferase KAT5 | Homo sapiens (human) | IC50 | 82.2700 | 1 | 1 |
| Histone acetyltransferase p300 | Homo sapiens (human) | IC50 | 45.9400 | 1 | 1 |
| Hyaluronate lyase | Streptococcus pneumoniae TIGR4 | IC50 | 6,000.0000 | 1 | 1 |
| Low molecular weight phosphotyrosine protein phosphatase | Homo sapiens (human) | Ki | 13.0000 | 1 | 1 |
| nonstructural protein 1 | Influenza A virus (A/California/07/2009(H1N1)) | IC50 | 0.2000 | 1 | 1 |
| P2X purinoceptor 1 | Homo sapiens (human) | IC50 | 10.0000 | 1 | 1 |
| Pancreatic alpha-amylase | Rattus norvegicus (Norway rat) | IC50 | 26.5000 | 1 | 1 |
| Pancreatic alpha-amylase | Rattus norvegicus (Norway rat) | Ki | 43.4000 | 1 | 1 |
| Polyphenol oxidase 2 | Agaricus bisporus | IC50 | 264.2500 | 4 | 4 |
| Solute carrier family 23 member 1 | Homo sapiens (human) | IC50 | 156.0000 | 1 | 1 |
| Thymidylate synthase | Homo sapiens (human) | IC50 | 500.0000 | 1 | 1 |
| Trans-sialidase | Trypanosoma cruzi | Ki | 7,300.0000 | 2 | 2 |
| Tyrosinase | Homo sapiens (human) | IC50 | 32.5000 | 1 | 1 |
| Urease | Canavalia ensiformis (jack bean) | IC50 | 8.5900 | 1 | 1 |
| Protein | Taxonomy | Measurement | Average (mM) | Bioassay(s) | Drugs |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Alpha-2B adrenergic receptor | Homo sapiens (human) | EC50 | 0.0005 | 1 | 1 |
| Chain A, Avidin | Gallus gallus (chicken) | Kd | 0.3000 | 1 | 2 |
| Chain A, Core-streptavidin | Streptomyces avidinii | Kd | 0.0300 | 1 | 16 |
| Chain A, FLAVODOXIN | Nitratidesulfovibrio vulgaris | Kd | 0.0018 | 1 | 11 |
| Chain A, Flavodoxin | Nitratidesulfovibrio vulgaris str. Hildenborough | Kd | 0.0023 | 1 | 8 |
| Chain A, FLAVODOXIN | Synechococcus elongatus PCC 7942 = FACHB-805 | Kd | 0.0011 | 1 | 15 |
| Chain A, Nadh Oxidase | Thermus thermophilus HB8 | Kd | 0.0900 | 1 | 1 |
| Chain A, Protein (fmn-binding Protein) | Nitratidesulfovibrio vulgaris str. 'Miyazaki F' | Kd | 0.0004 | 1 | 1 |
| Chain A, Protein (streptavidin) | Streptomyces avidinii | Kd | 0.0002 | 1 | 1 |
| Chain A, Streptavidin | Streptomyces avidinii | Kd | 0.0000 | 1 | 13 |
| Chain A, Streptavidin Complex With Biotin | Streptomyces avidinii | Kd | 0.0000 | 1 | 1 |
| Chain B, Protein (fmn-binding Protein) | Nitratidesulfovibrio vulgaris str. 'Miyazaki F' | Kd | 0.0004 | 1 | 1 |
| Chain B, Protein (streptavidin) | Streptomyces avidinii | Kd | 0.0002 | 1 | 1 |
| Chain B, Streptavidin | Streptomyces avidinii | Kd | 0.0000 | 1 | 4 |
| Chain D, Circularly Permuted Core-streptavidin E51/a46 | Streptomyces avidinii | Kd | 0.0439 | 1 | 1 |
| Chain D, Core-streptavidin | Streptomyces avidinii | Kd | 0.0300 | 1 | 16 |
| Chain D, Streptavidin | Streptomyces avidinii | Kd | 0.0000 | 1 | 9 |
| insulin-degrading enzyme isoform 1 | Homo sapiens (human) | EC50 | 2.4495 | 2 | 2 |
| N-alpha-acetyltransferase 50 | Homo sapiens (human) | Kd | 0.0868 | 1 | 2 |
| Nitric oxide synthase, brain | Homo sapiens (human) | Kd | 1.1200 | 1 | 1 |
| P2X purinoceptor 1 | Rattus norvegicus (Norway rat) | EC50 | 3.0000 | 1 | 1 |
| P2X purinoceptor 2 | Homo sapiens (human) | EC50 | 39.5000 | 1 | 1 |
| P2X purinoceptor 4 | Rattus norvegicus (Norway rat) | EC50 | 219.0000 | 1 | 1 |
| Streptavidin | Streptomyces avidinii | Kd | 0.0000 | 1 | 1 |
| Protein | Taxonomy | Measurement | Average (mM) | Bioassay(s) | Drugs |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Egl nine homolog 1 | Homo sapiens (human) | Km | 180.0000 | 1 | 1 |
| Hypoxia-inducible factor 1-alpha inhibitor | Homo sapiens (human) | Km | 260.0000 | 1 | 1 |
| Prolyl 4-hydroxylase subunit alpha-1 | Homo sapiens (human) | Km | 300.0000 | 1 | 1 |
| Prolyl hydroxylase EGLN2 | Homo sapiens (human) | Km | 170.0000 | 1 | 1 |
| Prolyl hydroxylase EGLN3 | Homo sapiens (human) | Km | 140.0000 | 1 | 1 |
| Receptor-type tyrosine-protein phosphatase beta | Homo sapiens (human) | Kis | 780.4433 | 2 | 3 |