Page last updated: 2024-09-28

Androgen Insensitivity Syndrome

A disorder of sexual development transmitted as an X-linked recessive trait. These patients have a karyotype of 46,XY with end-organ resistance to androgen due to mutations in the androgen receptor (RECEPTORS, ANDROGEN) gene. Severity of the defect in receptor quantity or quality correlates with their phenotypes. In these genetic males, the phenotypic spectrum ranges from those with normal female external genitalia, through those with genital ambiguity as in Reifenstein Syndrome, to that of a normal male with INFERTILITY.

Synonyms(15)

Synonym
Androgen Receptor Deficiency
Testicular Feminization Syndrome
Androgen Resistance Syndrome
Androgen-Insensitivity Syndrome, Complete
Reifenstein Syndrome
Reifenstein's Syndrome
Androgen-Insensitivity Syndrome
Testicular Feminization
Dihydrotestosterone Receptor Deficiency
AR Deficiency
Androgen-Insensitivity Syndrome, Partial
Male Pseudohermaphroditism Due to Androgen Insensitivity
Androgen Insensitivity, Partial
DHTR Deficiency
Androgen Insensitivity Syndrome

Research Excerpts

Overview

ExcerptReference
"Testicular feminization is a classic form of complete male pseudohermaphroditism."( Faucher, G; Kaufman, M; Lambert, B; Pinsky, L; Rosenfeld, R, 1977)
"The androgen resistance syndromes are generally felt to be due to quantitative or qualitative abnormalities of the androgen receptor."( Eil, C, 1983)
"Complete androgen insensitivity syndrome is caused by X chromosome linked disorder resulting in a target organ insensitivity to androgen."( Isojima, S; Kasumi, H; Komori, S; Shima, H; Yamasaki, N, 1993)
"The androgen insensitivity syndrome is a disorder caused by deficient function of the androgen receptor, characterized by varying degrees of undermasculinization in karyotypic males."( Alm, J; Byström, B; Knudtzon, J; Lindsten, K; Lundberg Giwercman, Y; Nikoshkov, A; Pousette, A; Wedell, A, 2000)
"Androgen insensitivity syndrome is an X-linked disorder of male sexual differentiation caused by mutations in the androgen receptor gene and resulting in a wide range of phenotypes."( Argente Oliver, J; González Medeiro, I; Martín Sobrino, MA; Martinez Pérez, J; Muñoz Calvo, MT; Pozo Román, J; Soriano Guillén, L, 2002)

Context

ExcerptReference
"Some patients with testicular feminization have no demonstrable fibroblast cytosol androgen binding, whereas others have androgen binding in cultured fibrobalsts that is thermolabile or fails to be stabilized by sodium molybdate."( Eil, C, 1983)

Treatment

ExcerptReference
"In two patients with testicular feminization syndrome, one Yq12-positive and the other Yq12-negative, we compared phenotype, gonadal histology and ultrastructure, in vivo steroid response of the testes to the administration of exogenous gonadotropin during adrenal suppression, and of the adrenal gland to ACTH."( Barbarino, A; Bova, R; de Marinis, L; Menini, E; Moneta, E; Pasargiklian, E; Pizzolato, G; Serra, A, 1978)
"In a newborn patient with partial androgen insensitivity syndrome caused by an AR gene point mutation, the functional analysis of the mutated AR offers a possible treatment modality."( Bartsch, G; Corvin, S; Culig, Z; Hobisch, A; Klocker, H; Radmayr, C, 1998)

Research

Studies (654)

TimeframeStudies, This Condition (%)All Conditions %
pre-1990414 (63.30)23.3326
1990's74 (11.31)12.5806
2000's75 (11.47)18.1394
2010's71 (10.86)28.8240
2020's20 (3.06)9.53
DrugIndicatedRelationship StrengthStudiesTrials
acetone0low10
quinacrine0low20
salicylic acid0low10
creatine0low10
cytosine0low10
glycine0low10
glycerol0low20
histamine0low10
methanol0low10
thymine0low10
ddt0low10
pentetic acid0low10
flutamide0low80
guanidine0low10
hexestrol0low10
hexobarbital0low20
ketoconazole0low10
metformin0low10
metyrapone0low10
minoxidil0low10
activins0low10
risperidone0low10
corticosterone0low80
estriol0low30
thymidine0low20
thyroxine0low40
norethindrone acetate0low10
spironolactone0low10
aldosterone0low40
norethandrolone0low10
prednisone0low10
estrone0low150
androsterone0medium191
etiocholanolone0medium51
dehydroepiandrosterone0low270
triiodothyronine0low50
diethylnitrosamine0low20
alanine0low10
serine0low20
glutamine0low30
lysine0low10
ethinyl estradiol0low90
testosterone propionate0low10
methyltestosterone0low30
phenylephrine0low10
tyrosine0low10
androstenedione0low230
phenylalanine0low10
desoxycorticosterone0low20
cycloheximide0low10
norethindrone0low20
17-alpha-hydroxyprogesterone0low20
histidine0low10
medroxyprogesterone acetate0low20
threonine0low10
mestranol0low10
arginine0low110
fluoxymesterone0low30
pregnenolone0low150
chlormadinone acetate0low10
testosterone enanthate0low20
cyproterone acetate0low50
nandrolone0low60
medroxyprogesterone0low50
dihydrotestosterone0low1400
ethyl n-alpha-acetyl-tyrosinate0low10
boldenone0low20
manganese0low10
molybdenum0low10
technetium0low10
stanozolol0low40
danazol0low40
phenyl acetate0medium71
pregnanolone0low10
androstane-3,17-diol0low40
glutamic acid0low10
etoposide0low10
vecuronium bromide0low10
ng-nitroarginine methyl ester0low10
colforsin0low10
sertindole0low10
sodium molybdate(vi)0low10
testosterone undecanoate0low10
ovosiston0low10
fluorodeoxyglucose f180low30
17-alpha-hydroxypregnenolone0low30
pregnanetriol0low40
rc 30950low10
piperaquine0medium11
benzoylarginine ethyl ester0low10
proline0low10
technetium tc 99m pentetate0low10
cortisone0low20
androstane-3,17-dione, (5alpha)-isomer0low10
norethindrone enanthate0low10
mibolerone0low50
metribolone0low150
carboplatin0low10
glycogen0low20
tretinoin0low10
retinol0low10
diethylstilbestrol0low120
isomethyleugenol0low10
retinaldehyde0low10
arginine vasopressin0low10
leuprolide0low10
enclomiphene0low60
tamoxifen0low50
androstane-3,17-diol glucuronide0low10
cystine0low10
alpha-chymotrypsin0low10
17-ketosteroids0medium572
calcitriol0low10
cyproterone0low70
naloxone0low10
naltrexone0low10
cysteine0low20
phosphorus0low40
pregnanediol0low70
sincalide0low10
artenimol0medium11
pituitrin0low10
nad0low10
glucagon0low10
beta-endorphin0low10
oligonucleotides0low20
19-iodocholesterol0low10
menotropins0low10
bucladesine0low10
sodium pertechnetate tc 99m0low20
sodium ethylxanthate0low50
glycolipids0low10
epidermal growth factor0low20
gastrin-releasing peptide0low20
guanine0low10
eye0low10

Protein Targets (942)

ProteinPotency MeasurementsInhibition MeasurementsActivation MeasurementsDrugs
Chain A, Cruzipain7007
IDH1130013
DNA polymerase iota isoform a (long)110011
geminin430043
Sex hormone-binding globulin012021
acetylcholinesterase130013
pregnane X receptor190019
SMAD family member 2200020
SMAD family member 3200020
TDP1 protein450045
GLI family zinc finger 3430043
Microtubule-associated protein tau100010
AR protein530053
progesterone receptor380038
glucocorticoid receptor [Homo sapiens]470047
retinoic acid nuclear receptor alpha variant 1390039
retinoid X nuclear receptor alpha360036
estrogen-related nuclear receptor alpha450045
farnesoid X nuclear receptor230023
pregnane X nuclear receptor380038
estrogen nuclear receptor alpha560056
G210021
vitamin D (1,25- dihydroxyvitamin D3) receptor320032
arylsulfatase A7007
euchromatic histone-lysine N-methyltransferase 2230023
cytochrome P450, family 19, subfamily A, polypeptide 1, isoform CRA_a340034
activating transcription factor 6180018
nuclear receptor subfamily 1, group I, member 28008
chromobox protein homolog 1230023
nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 isoform 1460046
survival motor neuron protein isoform d130013
histone acetyltransferase KAT2A isoform 1120012
lamin isoform A-delta10230023
Voltage-dependent calcium channel gamma-2 subunit240024
Interferon beta260026
HLA class I histocompatibility antigen, B alpha chain 210021
Glucocorticoid receptor032336
Glycine receptor subunit alpha-1030030
Corticosteroid-binding globulin014014
Adenosine receptor A3016016
Replicase polyprotein 1ab0224
Androgen receptor048150
Alpha-1B adrenergic receptor020020
Glutamate receptor 2242127
Glycine receptor subunit beta030030
Glycine receptor subunit alpha-2030030
Glycine receptor subunit alpha-3030030
Mitogen-activated protein kinase 3 0101
Alpha-1A adrenergic receptor020020
Sodium-dependent dopamine transporter 014014
TAR DNA-binding protein 43140014
Inositol hexakisphosphate kinase 1210021
cytochrome P450 2C9, partial210021
ATP-dependent phosphofructokinase9009
thyroid hormone receptor beta isoform 2430043
Chain A, MAJOR APURINIC/APYRIMIDINIC ENDONUCLEASE150015
Chain A, TYROSYL-DNA PHOSPHODIESTERASE8008
Carbonic anhydrase 103011
Carbonic anhydrase 203012
Alanine racemase, biosynthetic0001
5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 1D0003
Glutamate receptor ionotropic, NMDA 1 06213
Proton-coupled amino acid transporter 10607
Adenosine deaminase0001
Carbonic anhydrase 40003
thyroid hormone receptor beta isoform a170017
nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 isoform 2120012
Mineralocorticoid receptor 06310
Mineralocorticoid receptor0202
Solute carrier organic anion transporter family member 1A10405
Guanine nucleotide-binding protein G4004
Olfactory receptor 51E20033
Chain A, HADH2 protein8008
Chain B, HADH2 protein8008
interleukin 8100010
RAR-related orphan receptor gamma410041
Smad3100010
aldehyde dehydrogenase 1 family, member A1190019
estrogen receptor 2 (ER beta)320032
regulator of G-protein signaling 49009
cytochrome P450 family 3 subfamily A polypeptide 4220022
nonstructural protein 17007
peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor delta320032
peroxisome proliferator activated receptor gamma290029
Histone H2A.x160016
Caspase-77007
Bloom syndrome protein isoform 15005
peripheral myelin protein 22 isoform 17007
potassium voltage-gated channel subfamily H member 2 isoform d100010
caspase-37007
importin subunit beta-1 isoform 13003
mitogen-activated protein kinase 19009
nuclear factor NF-kappa-B p105 subunit isoform 13003
snurportin-13003
GTP-binding nuclear protein Ran isoform 12002
nuclear receptor ROR-gamma isoform 1150015
peripheral myelin protein 22210021
muscleblind-like protein 1 isoform 13003
neuropeptide S receptor isoform A6006
Beta-glucuronidase0202
Cholinesterase0202
Aromatase08011
Gastrin/cholecystokinin type B receptor0113
Testosterone 17-beta-dehydrogenase 30303
Alpha-synuclein86014
Nuclear receptor ROR-gamma161118
Chain A, retinol dehydratase0101
v-jun sarcoma virus 17 oncogene homolog (avian)230023
Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit pi182121
Glucose-6-phosphate 1-dehydrogenase0505
Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit beta-1182121
Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit delta182121
Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit gamma-2182121
Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit alpha-5182121
Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit alpha-3182121
Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit gamma-1182121
Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit alpha-2182121
Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit alpha-4182121
Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit gamma-3182121
Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit alpha-6182121
Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit alpha-1182121
Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit beta-3182121
Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit beta-2182121
G-protein coupled bile acid receptor 10044
GABA theta subunit182121
Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit epsilon182121
Chain E, LYSINE, ARGININE, ORNITHINE-BINDING PROTEIN0022
Chain E, LYSINE, ARGININE, ORNITHINE-BINDING PROTEIN0022
Chain E, LYSINE, ARGININE, ORNITHINE-BINDING PROTEIN0022
thioredoxin reductase190019
phosphopantetheinyl transferase120012
NFKB1 protein, partial4004
GLS protein9009
thyroid stimulating hormone receptor150015
alpha-galactosidase2002
cytochrome P450 2C19 precursor5005
flap endonuclease 17007
muscarinic acetylcholine receptor M16006
lethal factor (plasmid)110011
Cytochrome P450 3A4012116
Nitric oxide synthase, endothelial0103
Nitric oxide synthase, brain0102
Nitric oxide synthase, brain 0001
Nitric oxide synthase, inducible0102
Nitric oxide synthase, inducible0114
Cationic amino acid transporter 30202
vitamin D3 receptor isoform VDRA120012
ATP-binding cassette sub-family C member 3017017
Multidrug resistance-associated protein 4017017
Bile salt export pump028028
Translocator protein0112
Vasopressin V2 receptor0214
Oxytocin receptor0112
Vasopressin V1a receptor0022
Vasopressin V1a receptor0314
Vasopressin V1b receptor0112
Vasopressin V2 receptor0011
Vasopressin V1b receptor0113
Translocator protein0102
Oxytocin receptor0101
Vasopressin V2 receptor 0112
Canalicular multispecific organic anion transporter 1018019
Cytochrome P450 2B60303
Protein-arginine deiminase type-40001
glp-1 receptor, partial130013
ATAD5 protein, partial100010
vasopressin V1b receptor1001
cAMP-dependent protein kinase type I-alpha regulatory subunit0011
cAMP-dependent protein kinase type II-beta regulatory subunit0011
urokinase-type plasminogen activator precursor7007
plasminogen precursor7007
cAMP-dependent protein kinase catalytic subunit beta isoform 10011
urokinase plasminogen activator surface receptor precursor7007
relaxin receptor 1 isoform 12002
relaxin receptor 2 isoform 12002
cAMP-dependent protein kinase catalytic subunit beta isoform 30011
Chain A, Vitamin D Nuclear Receptor0011
Chain A, Beta-lactamase120012
Chain A, Ferritin light chain100010
Vitamin D3 receptor0011
USP1 protein, partial180018
PPM1D protein4004
thioredoxin glutathione reductase4004
Vitamin D-binding protein0011
Cytochrome P450 1A20214
Androgen receptor017828
Cytochrome P450 2D609111
Vitamin D3 receptor0124
Cytochrome P450 2C9 0517
Vitamin D3 receptor0113
Retinoic acid receptor RXR-alpha0257
Cytochrome P450 2C190718
Kappa-type opioid receptor0427
Vitamin D3 receptor0011
1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D(3) 24-hydroxylase, mitochondrial0213
Vitamin D3 receptor0112
Transporter0202
Vitamin D3 receptor A0022
Chain A, Putative fructose-1,6-bisphosphate aldolase3003
cytochrome P450 2D6160016
histone-lysine N-methyltransferase 2A isoform 2 precursor6006
DNA polymerase kappa isoform 15005
hypoxia-inducible factor 1, alpha subunit (basic helix-loop-helix transcription factor)8008
nuclear receptor subfamily 1, group I, member 3280028
bromodomain adjacent to zinc finger domain 2B5005
thyroid stimulating hormone receptor210021
nuclear factor of kappa light polypeptide gene enhancer in B-cells 1 (p105), isoform CRA_a230023
parathyroid hormone/parathyroid hormone-related peptide receptor precursor9009
transcriptional regulator ERG isoform 38008
Cellular tumor antigen p53260026
Spike glycoprotein150217
aryl hydrocarbon receptor100010
nuclear receptor subfamily 0 group B member 10101
steroidogenic factor 10101
Nuclear receptor subfamily 1 group I member 20123
Rap guanine nucleotide exchange factor 35005
ATP-dependent translocase ABCB109213
5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 1A0325
Solute carrier family 2, facilitated glucose transporter member 10112
Adenylate cyclase type 20011
Adenylate cyclase type 80011
Adenylate cyclase type 10112
ATPase family AAA domain-containing protein 5140014
Ataxin-2150015
Relaxin receptor 10011
Nuclear receptor subfamily 1 group I member 20011
GALC protein7007
Thrombopoietin1001
heat shock protein beta-1170017
serine/threonine-protein kinase mTOR isoform 13003
cytochrome P450 3A4 isoform 1180018
Solute carrier family 22 member 20506
Solute carrier family 22 member 1 0708
Solute carrier family 22 member 30405
Solute carrier family 22 member 30202
C-8 sterol isomerase0303
3-beta-hydroxysteroid-Delta(8),Delta(7)-isomerase0415
Solute carrier family 22 member 10508
Sigma non-opioid intracellular receptor 10606
Solute carrier family 22 member 20608
endonuclease IV4004
dopamine D1 receptor3003
atrial natriuretic peptide receptor 1 precursor1001
M-phase phosphoprotein 86006
Potassium voltage-gated channel subfamily A member 10011
Multidrug and toxin extrusion protein 10606
Sodium- and chloride-dependent creatine transporter 10101
Fumarate hydratase5005
EWS/FLI fusion protein9009
polyprotein5005
67.9K protein9009
P531001
RPL19A0011
Spike glycoprotein0022
Replicase polyprotein 1ab0022
NPC intracellular cholesterol transporter 1 precursor3003
cellular tumor antigen p53 isoform a5005
ras-related protein Rab-9A4004
heat shock protein HSP 90-alpha isoform 20001
transactivating tegument protein VP16 [Human herpesvirus 1]0202
COUP transcription factor 2 isoform a0101
Transmembrane protease serine 20022
Glucose transporter0101
Hexose transporter 1 0101
Procathepsin L0022
Polyunsaturated fatty acid 5-lipoxygenase0404
Replicase polyprotein 1a0022
Replicase polyprotein 1ab0022
Replicase polyprotein 1ab0022
Eukaryotic initiation factor 4A-I0101
Peptidyl-prolyl cis-trans isomerase FKBP1A0202
Peptidyl-prolyl cis-trans isomerase FKBP30101
Peptidyl-prolyl cis-trans isomerase FKBP40101
Peptidyl-prolyl cis-trans isomerase NIMA-interacting 10314
Hypoxia-inducible factor 1-alpha0101
Endothelial PAS domain-containing protein 10101
Angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 0022
Peptidyl-prolyl cis-trans isomerase FKBP140101
Peptidyl-prolyl cis-trans isomerase NIMA-interacting 40101
heat shock protein 90, putative0001
D(1A) dopamine receptor6006
peptidyl-prolyl cis-trans isomerase NIMA-interacting 14004
Progesterone receptor010515
Adenosine receptor A10206
Adenosine receptor A2b0101
Adenosine receptor A2a0105
Mu-type opioid receptor014320
ORF730011
Deoxycytidine kinase0001
hypoxia-inducible factor 1 alpha subunit130013
Estrogen receptor023631
Aldo-keto reductase family 1 member B1016016
Alpha-2A adrenergic receptor018119
Beta-3 adrenergic receptor0617
Alpha-2B adrenergic receptor016016
Alpha-2C adrenergic receptor012113
Muscarinic acetylcholine receptor M3013013
Substance-K receptor010010
D(1A) dopamine receptor0909
Sodium-dependent noradrenaline transporter 016016
5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 2A015015
Sodium-dependent serotonin transporter021021
D(3) dopamine receptor015015
Kappa-type opioid receptor012319
Cytochrome P450 2J20303
15-hydroxyprostaglandin dehydrogenase [NAD(+)] isoform 12002
Beta-glucuronidase0101
Glucose-6-phosphate 1-dehydrogenase 0101
NPC1-like intracellular cholesterol transporter 10011
Chain A, JmjC domain-containing histone demethylation protein 3A4004
Luciferase6006
15-lipoxygenase, partial7007
ubiquitin carboxyl-terminal hydrolase 2 isoform a3003
serine/threonine-protein kinase PLK12002
high affinity choline transporter 1 isoform a0101
DNA dC->dU-editing enzyme APOBEC-3G isoform 11001
Polyunsaturated fatty acid lipoxygenase ALOX15B4004
5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 4010010
Sarcoplasmic/endoplasmic reticulum calcium ATPase 10101
Integrin beta-33014
Tyrosine-protein kinase Fyn0303
Integrin alpha-IIb3014
Beta-1 adrenergic receptor0415
Muscarinic acetylcholine receptor M1010010
Polyunsaturated fatty acid lipoxygenase ALOX150606
D(2) dopamine receptor0909
Acetylcholinesterase0404
Prostaglandin G/H synthase 10404
Thromboxane-A synthase 0303
Alpha-1D adrenergic receptor09010
5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 2C011011
Adenosine receptor A2a0606
Adenosine receptor A10707
Delta-type opioid receptor010417
5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 2B014014
Histamine H2 receptor6017
5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 6010010
Estrogen-related receptor gamma0112
Disintegrin and metalloproteinase domain-containing protein 172002
Inositol monophosphatase 13003
Aldehyde oxidase0303
UDP-glucose 4-epimerase0101
Mitogen-activated protein kinase 140101
Estrogen receptor beta08615
Broad substrate specificity ATP-binding cassette transporter ABCG20202
Cysteinyl leukotriene receptor 10202
Chain A, Sex Hormone-Binding Globulin0011
thyrotropin-releasing hormone receptor3003
Plasma kallikrein0105
Progesterone receptor0101
Glucocorticoid receptor0101
Sex hormone-binding globulin0202
Androgen receptor0134
Angiotensin-converting enzyme0011
Cannabinoid receptor 20101
Muscarinic acetylcholine receptor0101
Neuropeptide FF receptor 20002
ALK tyrosine kinase receptor0101
chaperonin-containing TCP-1 beta subunit homolog2002
ubiquitin-conjugating enzyme E2 N0202
protein AF-9 isoform a0001
Epidermal growth factor receptor0202
Receptor tyrosine-protein kinase erbB-20202
Muscarinic acetylcholine receptor M2010010
Muscarinic acetylcholine receptor M40808
Muscarinic acetylcholine receptor M50808
UDP-glucuronosyltransferase 2B70001
Lanosterol 14-alpha demethylase0011
UDP-glucuronosyltransferase 1A100001
hexokinase-4 isoform 11001
glucokinase regulatory protein1001
Steryl-sulfatase0101
17-beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase type 10203
Mu-type opioid receptor0459
Mu-type opioid receptor0438
Cytochrome P450 1B10101
Ghrelin O-acyltransferase0101
caspase 7, apoptosis-related cysteine protease6006
caspase-36006
lysosomal alpha-glucosidase preproprotein1001
Vpr2002
Cytochrome P450 2B10101
Neuronal acetylcholine receptor subunit alpha-41001
Neuronal acetylcholine receptor subunit beta-21001
UDP-glucuronosyltransferase 1A1 0306
3-oxo-5-alpha-steroid 4-dehydrogenase 1 0101
Sulfotransferase 1A10214
Nuclear receptor subfamily 1 group I member 3 0101
Multidrug and toxin extrusion protein 20303
Chain H, IGG1-KAPPA DB3 FAB (HEAVY CHAIN)0101
Chain L, IGG1-KAPPA DB3 FAB (LIGHT CHAIN)0101
Chain H, IGG1-KAPPA DB3 FAB (HEAVY CHAIN)0101
Chain L, IGG1-KAPPA DB3 FAB (LIGHT CHAIN)0101
Chain H, IGG1-KAPPA DB3 FAB (HEAVY CHAIN)0101
Chain L, IGG1-KAPPA DB3 FAB (LIGHT CHAIN)0101
ClpP1001
LMP1 [Human herpesvirus 4]0001
nuclear receptor coactivator 1 isoform 1 [Homo sapiens]0101
nuclear receptor coactivator 3 isoform a0101
Prothrombin0023
Regulatory protein E20011
ATP-dependent translocase ABCB10303
DNA topoisomerase 10102
DNA topoisomerase 2-alpha0117
DNA topoisomerase 20001
ATP-dependent translocase ABCB10303
Serum paraoxonase/arylesterase 10101
Caspase-30101
Glutamate receptor ionotropic, NMDA 2A 04211
Glutamate receptor ionotropic, NMDA 2B04211
Glutamate receptor ionotropic, NMDA 2C04211
DNA topoisomerase 2-alpha 0001
DNA topoisomerase 2-beta0118
Glutamate receptor ionotropic, NMDA 2D04211
Tubulin beta-2B chain0101
Integrase 0101
Similar to alpha-tubulin isoform 1 0101
Similar to alpha-tubulin isoform 1 0101
Glutamate receptor ionotropic, NMDA 3B04211
Solute carrier organic anion transporter family member 1B30204
Glutamate receptor ionotropic, NMDA 3A04211
cytochrome P450 2C9 precursor2002
huntingtin isoform 21001
Cocaine esterase0102
Bile salt export pump0303
Arylacetamide deacetylase0001
Arylacetamide deacetylase0001
Arylacetamide deacetylase0001
Chain A, GLUTAMATE RECEPTOR SUBUNIT 20101
Chain A, Glutamate Receptor Subunit 20101
Chain B, Glutamate Receptor Subunit 20101
Chain A, Slr1257 protein0011
Chain A, Glucosamine--fructose-6-phosphate aminotransferase [isomerizing]0101
beta-2 adrenergic receptor1001
Metabotropic glutamate receptor 80202
Metabotropic glutamate receptor 60113
Glutamate receptor ionotropic, NMDA 2D0101
Excitatory amino acid transporter 40101
Glutamate receptor ionotropic, NMDA 3B0101
Glutathione reductase, mitochondrial0505
Bifunctional aspartokinase/homoserine dehydrogenase 10101
ATP-citrate synthase 0101
Glutamate receptor 10213
Glutamate receptor 30213
Glutamate receptor 40213
Glutamate receptor ionotropic, kainate 10213
Metabotropic glutamate receptor 10112
Metabotropic glutamate receptor 20011
Metabotropic glutamate receptor 30011
Metabotropic glutamate receptor 40112
Metabotropic glutamate receptor 50123
Metabotropic glutamate receptor 60011
Metabotropic glutamate receptor 70011
Glutamate receptor ionotropic, kainate 10112
Metabotropic glutamate receptor 50113
Glutamate receptor ionotropic, kainate 20213
Glutamate receptor 10213
Glutamate receptor 20213
Glutamate receptor 30112
Glutamate receptor ionotropic, kainate 30202
Excitatory amino acid transporter 10203
Excitatory amino acid transporter 20203
Excitatory amino acid transporter 30203
Metabotropic glutamate receptor 80011
Glutamate receptor 40213
Excitatory amino acid transporter 3 0001
Glutamate racemase0001
Metabotropic glutamate receptor 80112
Fatty-acid amide hydrolase 10101
Glutamate receptor ionotropic, kainate 40202
Glutamate carboxypeptidase 20101
Glutamate receptor ionotropic, NMDA 10101
Glutamate receptor ionotropic, NMDA 2A0101
Glutamate receptor ionotropic, kainate 20112
Glutamate receptor ionotropic, kainate 30101
Glutamate receptor ionotropic, NMDA 2B0101
Metabotropic glutamate receptor 10113
Metabotropic glutamate receptor 20113
Metabotropic glutamate receptor 70113
Metabotropic glutamate receptor 30113
Metabotropic glutamate receptor 40113
Glutamate receptor ionotropic, NMDA 2C0101
Glutamate receptor ionotropic, kainate 50101
Carbonic anhydrase-like protein, putative0006
Glutamate receptor ionotropic, kainate 50202
Glutamate racemase0001
Prolyl 4-hydroxylase0101
Glutamate receptor ionotropic, NMDA 3A0101
Alpha-ketoglutarate-dependent dioxygenase FTO0101
Chain A, Glutamine Binding Protein0011
Neutral amino acid transporter A0303
Asc-type amino acid transporter 10101
Neutral amino acid transporter B(0)0303
Amino acid transporter0303
Chain B, EUKARYOTIC TRANSLATION INITIATION FACTOR 4E0011
Glycine receptor subunit alpha-10022
Sodium- and chloride-dependent GABA transporter 20101
Sodium- and chloride-dependent GABA transporter 30101
Sodium- and chloride-dependent glycine transporter 10101
Large neutral amino acids transporter small subunit 10506
Serine racemase0101
Sodium- and chloride-dependent glycine transporter 20101
Purine nucleoside phosphorylase0202
Hypoxanthine-guanine phosphoribosyltransferase0001
Ricin0101
2-amino-4-hydroxy-6-hydroxymethyldihydropteridine pyrophosphokinase0011
Purine nucleoside phosphorylase 0012
Shiga toxin subunit A0101
Guanine deaminase0001
Chain A, CARBONIC ANHYDRASE II0011
Chain A, Protein (female-specific Histamine Binding Protein 2)0011
aryl hydrocarbon receptor nuclear translocator0001
apical membrane antigen 1, AMA14004
transforming acidic coiled-coil-containing protein 30001
Carbonic anhydrase 120105
Carbonic anhydrase 30105
Macrophage migration inhibitory factor0202
Carbonic anhydrase 40105
Carbonic anhydrase 60105
Histamine H2 receptor011213
Histamine H1 receptor0224
Histamine H1 receptor0213
Carbonic anhydrase 5A, mitochondrial0105
Histamine H1 receptor0527
Carbonic anhydrase0004
Carbonic anhydrase 70105
Carbonic anhydrase0005
Histamine H3 receptor0101
Histamine N-methyltransferase 0101
Glutaminyl-peptide cyclotransferase0202
Carbonic anhydrase 90105
Carbonic anhydrase 0005
Carbonic anhydrase0005
Carbonic anhydrase0005
Carbonic anhydrase 0005
Equilibrative nucleoside transporter 40001
Carbonic anhydrase 130003
Histamine H4 receptor0123
Histamine H4 receptor0123
Histamine H4 receptor 0101
Carbonic anhydrase 150105
Carbonic anhydrase 130104
Histamine H4 receptor0123
Histamine H3 receptor0101
Carboxylic ester hydrolase 0001
Carbonic anhydrase 140105
Carbonic anhydrase 5B, mitochondrial0105
Histamine H3 receptor0224
Chain A, HISTIDINE-BINDING PROTEIN0011
Histidine-binding periplasmic protein0011
Estrogen receptor beta0102
25-hydroxyvitamin D-1 alpha hydroxylase, mitochondrial0101
25-hydroxyvitamin D-1 alpha hydroxylase, mitochondrial0202
Cytochrome P450 26A10101
Prostaglandin G/H synthase 1 0101
Prostaglandin G/H synthase 2 0101
3',5'-cyclic-AMP phosphodiesterase 0101
Camphor 5-monooxygenase0001
Phospholipase A2, major isoenzyme0101
Chymotrypsinogen A0101
Beta-lactamase0101
Steroid 17-alpha-hydroxylase/17,20 lyase0404
Epoxide hydrolase 10001
Cytochrome P450 2C11 0101
Steroid 21-hydroxylase0101
Cytochrome P450 2C80202
Steroid 17-alpha-hydroxylase/17,20 lyase 0101
Polyunsaturated fatty acid 5-lipoxygenase0101
Cholesterol side-chain cleavage enzyme, mitochondrial 0101
5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 2A0516
Indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase 10101
Cytochrome P450 2A20101
Cytochrome P450 11B1, mitochondrial 0202
Cytochrome P450 11B1, mitochondrial0202
Cytochrome P450 7A1 0101
Cytochrome P450 11B2, mitochondrial0202
Estrogen receptor0102
Gonadotropin-releasing hormone receptor0314
Type-1 angiotensin II receptor0101
Malate dehydrogenase, cytoplasmic0101
Cytochrome P450 4F20101
1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D(3) 24-hydroxylase, mitochondrial0101
Potassium voltage-gated channel subfamily H member 20606
Sodium/bile acid cotransporter0101
Lanosterol 14-alpha demethylase0314
Cytochrome P450 7A10101
Lanosterol 14-alpha demethylase 0202
Chain A, AMINOPEPTIDASE0202
Chain A, AMINOPEPTIDASE0202
Chain A, Leucine Aminopeptidase0101
Alkaline phosphatase, tissue-nonspecific isozyme0202
Intestinal-type alkaline phosphatase0202
Phospholipase A-2-activating protein0202
Gonadotropin-releasing hormone receptor0101
Chain A, Ribulose-1,5 bisphosphate carboxylase/oxygenase large subunit N-methyltransferase, chloroplast0101
Chain A, Ribulose-1,5 bisphosphate carboxylase/oxygenase large subunit N-methyltransferase, chloroplast0101
PINK12002
Parkin3003
5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 1B0606
Aldo-keto reductase family 1 member C30101
Aldo-keto reductase family 1 member C2 0101
Aldo-keto reductase family 1 member C10101
cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator ATP-binding cassette sub-family C member 70001
Cannabinoid receptor 10202
Dihydrofolate reductase0101
Dipeptidyl peptidase 40101
glucocerebrosidase4004
5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 3E0112
cytochrome P450 2D6 isoform 13003
5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 3B0112
Albumin0022
Myeloperoxidase0101
5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 2C0505
D0303
D(3) dopamine receptor0303
5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 1A0606
Alpha-2B adrenergic receptor0303
D(2) dopamine receptor0101
Alpha-2C adrenergic receptor0303
Alpha-2A adrenergic receptor0303
Alpha-1D adrenergic receptor0606
5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 3A0101
D(1B) dopamine receptor0101
5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 1D0101
D(4) dopamine receptor0101
5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 1F0101
5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 2B0404
5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 3A0202
5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 3A0112
5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 70202
6-phosphogluconate dehydrogenase, decarboxylating0101
D(2) dopamine receptor0505
Lactoperoxidase0101
5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 4 0102
5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 3D0112
5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 3C0112
5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 3B0101
5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 3B0202
Chain A, androgen receptor0011
Chain A, androgen receptor0011
Cytochrome P450 11B1, mitochondrial0101
Chain B, Exotoxin A0011
Chain B, Exotoxin A0011
Chain B, Exotoxin A0011
Muscarinic acetylcholine receptor M10202
Muscarinic acetylcholine receptor M30202
Muscarinic acetylcholine receptor M40202
Muscarinic acetylcholine receptor M50202
Muscarinic acetylcholine receptor M20202
Histidine decarboxylase0022
Delta-type opioid receptor0428
Delta-type opioid receptor0437
Kappa-type opioid receptor0315
Kappa-type opioid receptor0336
Mu-type opioid receptor0316
Sigma non-opioid intracellular receptor 10112
Beta-2 adrenergic receptor0101
UDP-glucuronosyltransferase 1A80002
Sigma non-opioid intracellular receptor 10101
Nociceptin receptor0101
[Pyruvate dehydrogenase (acetyl-transferring)] kinase isozyme 1, mitochondrial0101
[Pyruvate dehydrogenase (acetyl-transferring)] kinase isozyme 2, mitochondrial0101
[Pyruvate dehydrogenase (acetyl-transferring)] kinase isozyme 3, mitochondrial0101
[Pyruvate dehydrogenase (acetyl-transferring)] kinase isozyme 4, mitochondrial0101
Neutrophil elastase0101
Nitric oxide synthase, endothelial0101
Collagenase 30101
Estrogen receptor0023
Estrogen receptor beta0023
Chain A, 2-oxoglutarate Oxygenase4004
Voltage-dependent calcium channel subunit alpha-2/delta-10101
Alkaline phosphatase, tissue-nonspecific isozyme 0101
Intestinal-type alkaline phosphatase0101
5'-nucleotidase0101
E3 ubiquitin-protein ligase XIAP0101
SLC16A10 protein0002
Large neutral amino acids transporter small subunit 1 0101
Monocarboxylate transporter 100002
Alpha-1B adrenergic receptor 0011
Beta-2 adrenergic receptor0011
POU domain, class 2, transcription factor 10001
Beta-1 adrenergic receptor0202
Alpha-1A adrenergic receptor0314
Alpha-1B adrenergic receptor0202
Alpha-2B adrenergic receptor0001
Alpha-1A adrenergic receptor0416
Alpha-1B adrenergic receptor0315
Alpha-2C adrenergic receptor0001
Alpha-2A adrenergic receptor0001
Gamma-aminobutyric acid 0011
Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit alpha-10001
Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit beta-10001
Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit alpha-20001
Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit alpha-30001
Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit alpha-60011
Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit alpha-40001
Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit gamma-20001
Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit gamma-20011
Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit delta0011
Sodium- and chloride-dependent GABA transporter 10101
Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit alpha-20011
Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit alpha-30011
Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit gamma-30011
Sodium- and chloride-dependent GABA transporter 20101
Sodium- and chloride-dependent GABA transporter 30101
Sodium- and chloride-dependent betaine transporter0101
Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit beta-10011
Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit alpha-10112
Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit beta-30011
Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit alpha-50011
Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit pi0011
Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit alpha-40011
Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit theta0011
Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit gamma-10011
Glutamate 5-kinase0001
Angiotensin-converting enzyme 0101
N0101
NPYLR7B0011
heat shock 70kDa protein 5 (glucose-regulated protein, 78kDa)1001
cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator0101
tumor susceptibility gene 101 protein1001
Riboflavin-binding protein0112
Major prion protein0011
Major prion protein0101
Histidine-rich protein PFHRP-II0101
DNA-directed RNA polymerase subunit alpha0101
DNA-directed RNA polymerase subunit omega0101
DNA-directed RNA polymerase subunit beta'0101
DNA-directed RNA polymerase subunit beta0101
Phospholipase A2, membrane associated0101
Phospholipase A2, membrane associated0101
Acidic phospholipase A2 20101
Trypanothione reductase0202
D(1A) dopamine receptor2002
Aldehyde oxidase 10101
Cholinesterase0202
Cyclic GMP-AMP synthase0101
2,3-bisphosphoglycerate-independent phosphoglycerate mutase1001
Chain A, Cellular retinoic acid-binding protein 20011
Chain A, Cellular retinoic acid-binding protein 20011
Aldo-keto reductase family 1 member B100002
Amyloid-beta precursor protein0303
Aldo-keto reductase family 1 member B10102
Chain A, PLASMA RETINOL-BINDING PROTEIN PRECURSOR0011
Retinol-binding protein 40011
Beta-lactoglobulin0011
Voltage-dependent L-type calcium channel subunit alpha-1F0202
Angiotensin-converting enzyme0505
D(4) dopamine receptor0404
Sodium-dependent dopamine transporter0101
5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 7 0101
5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 2C 0101
5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 70101
5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 2A0101
3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-coenzyme A reductase 0202
D(2) dopamine receptor0101
Voltage-dependent L-type calcium channel subunit alpha-1D 0202
5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 2B0101
Voltage-dependent L-type calcium channel subunit alpha-1S0202
Voltage-dependent L-type calcium channel subunit alpha-1C0202
Sodium channel protein type 5 subunit alpha0202
5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 1A0101
Nuclear receptor subfamily 3 group C member 3 0404
Transporter0101
Inhibitor of nuclear factor kappa-B kinase subunit beta0001
Solute carrier family 22 member 60101
Polyphenol oxidase 20103
5'-AMP-activated protein kinase subunit beta-20001
Albumin0101
Polymerase acidic protein0011
Stromelysin-10011
Tyrosine-protein phosphatase YopH0101
High mobility group protein B10011
Prolyl 4-hydroxylase subunit alpha-10101
Tyrosine-protein phosphatase non-receptor type 10103
Cystathionine gamma-lyase0101
Prostaglandin G/H synthase 20101
5'-AMP-activated protein kinase subunit gamma-10001
5'-AMP-activated protein kinase catalytic subunit alpha-20001
Xanthine dehydrogenase/oxidase0101
5'-AMP-activated protein kinase catalytic subunit alpha-10001
Carbonic anhydrase0101
Solute carrier family 22 member 60101
Solute carrier family 22 member 70001
Nicotinate phosphoribosyltransferase0101
Solute carrier family 22 member 200101
Solute carrier family 22 member 80101
Solute carrier family 22 member 60101
Ubiquitin-like domain-containing CTD phosphatase 10101
5'-AMP-activated protein kinase subunit gamma-30001
5'-AMP-activated protein kinase subunit gamma-20001
5'-AMP-activated protein kinase subunit beta-10001
Acetylcholinesterase0101
Pyruvate kinase PKM0011
Voltage-dependent L-type calcium channel subunit alpha-1C0101
Potassium voltage-gated channel subfamily A member 50101
5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 1B0101
Sodium channel protein type 1 subunit alpha0101
Sodium channel protein type 4 subunit alpha0101
Sodium channel protein type 7 subunit alpha0101
Sodium channel protein type 9 subunit alpha0101
Sodium channel protein type 2 subunit alpha0101
Sodium channel protein type 3 subunit alpha0101
Sodium channel protein type 11 subunit alpha0101
Sodium channel protein type 8 subunit alpha0101
Sodium channel protein type 10 subunit alpha0101
Cholecystokinin receptor type A0101
Cholecystokinin receptor type A0202
Cholecystokinin receptor type A0224
Gastrin/cholecystokinin type B receptor0224
Gastrin/cholecystokinin type B receptor0202
Cholecystokinin receptor type A0202
Solute carrier organic anion transporter family member 1B20001
Chain A, Mineralocorticoid receptor0101
Chain A, Mineralocorticoid receptor0101
Sodium-dependent serotonin transporter0101
Chain A, CES1 protein0101
DNA polymerase III, partial1001
interferon gamma precursor0001
streptokinase A precursor0011
Serine/threonine-protein kinase D30101
Lysosomal acid glucosylceramidase0011
Protein kinase C gamma type0101
Protein kinase C alpha type0101
Protein kinase C beta type0101
Tyrosine-protein kinase Lck0101
Protein kinase C delta type0101
Protein kinase C epsilon type0101
Protein kinase C zeta type0101
Steroid hormone receptor ERR10101
Transcriptional activator protein LuxR0101
Protein kinase C alpha type0101
UDP-glucuronosyltransferase 1A40001
Protein kinase C eta type0101
Substance-P receptor0202
B2 bradykinin receptor0202
Melanocortin receptor 40202
Melanocortin receptor 50202
Protein kinase C iota type0101
Melanocortin receptor 30202
Protein kinase C gamma type0101
Protein kinase C beta type0101
Phospholipase D1 0101
Protein kinase C epsilon type0101
Protein kinase C theta type0101
Protein kinase C zeta type0101
Protein kinase C delta type0101
Serine/threonine-protein phosphatase 2B catalytic subunit alpha isoform0101
Platelet-activating factor acetylhydrolase0101
Phospholipase D10101
Serine/threonine-protein kinase D10101
Protein kinase C eta type0101
Emopamil-binding protein-like0101
7-dehydrocholesterol reductase0112
Protein kinase C theta type0101
Rap guanine nucleotide exchange factor 41001
Thymidine kinase 0102
Thymidine kinase, cytosolic0204
Thymidine kinase0102
Thymidylate synthase0001
Thymidine phosphorylase0001
Thymidine phosphorylase0001
Thymidylate kinase0101
Thymidine kinase, cytosolic 0002
Thymidine kinase0001
Thymidylate kinase0101
Thymidine kinase 0102
Sterol O-acyltransferase 10101
Thymidine kinase0001
Thymidine kinase0001
Thymidine phosphorylase0101
Chain X, Thyroid hormone receptor beta-10022
Chain X, Thyroid hormone receptor beta-10022
DNA polymerase eta isoform 11001
Solute carrier organic anion transporter family member 1A40103
Solute carrier organic anion transporter family member 1A50002
Transthyretin0103
Thyroid hormone receptor alpha0235
Thyroid hormone receptor beta0235
Proliferating cell nuclear antigen0202
Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma0044
Malate dehydrogenase, mitochondrial0101
Solute carrier organic anion transporter family member 1A20002
Solute carrier organic anion transporter family member 1A30002
Solute carrier organic anion transporter family member 4C10102
Monocarboxylate transporter 80001
Bile acid receptor0101
Solute carrier organic anion transporter family member 1C10001
Solute carrier organic anion transporter family member 1B10002
Chain A, Nuclear Receptor ROR-beta0101
Chain A, ATP-DEPENDENT DNA HELICASE Q11001
Ornithine decarboxylase0001
Ornithine decarboxylase0001
60 kDa chaperonin0101
Retinoic acid receptor alpha0227
60 kDa heat shock protein, mitochondrial0101
Retinoic acid receptor beta0227
Retinoic acid receptor alpha0123
Retinoic acid receptor gamma 0227
Retinoic acid receptor gamma0123
Retinoic acid receptor beta0123
Cellular retinoic acid-binding protein 20011
Mitogen-activated protein kinase 10101
Retinoic acid receptor RXR-alpha0123
Retinoic acid receptor RXR-beta0224
Retinoic acid receptor RXR-beta0123
Retinoic acid receptor RXR-gamma0123
Indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase 10101
Nuclear receptor ROR-alpha0101
Cellular retinoic acid-binding protein 10102
Retinoic acid receptor RXR-gamma0224
10 kDa heat shock protein, mitochondrial0101
Cellular retinoic acid-binding protein 10011
Thiosulfate sulfurtransferase0101
60 kDa chaperonin 0101
10 kDa chaperonin 0101
Indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase 20101
Nuclear receptor ROR-beta0101
Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit pi0101
Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit delta0101
Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit alpha-10101
Thyroid hormone receptor beta0101
Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit beta-10101
Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit gamma-20101
Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit beta-30101
Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit alpha-50101
Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit alpha-30101
Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit alpha-20101
Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit beta-20101
Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit alpha-40101
Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit epsilon0101
Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit alpha-60101
Solute carrier organic anion transporter family member 4C10001
Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit gamma-10101
Solute carrier organic anion transporter family member 4A10001
Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit gamma-30101
Solute carrier organic anion transporter family member 1C10101
Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit theta0101
Chain A, CHORISMATE MUTASE0101
Chain A, TYROSYL-tRNA SYNTHETASE0011
Tubulin--tyrosine ligase0101
Taste receptor type 2 member 140001
[prepared from compound, protein, and bioassay information from National Library of Medicine (NLM), extracted Dec-2023]