Page last updated: 2024-12-06

dapoxetine

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Cross-References

ID Source	ID
PubMed CID	71353
CHEMBL ID	2110900
CHEBI ID	135962
SCHEMBL ID	34479
MeSH ID	M0215302

Synonyms (49)

Synonym
n,n-dimethyl-alpha-[2-(1-naphthalenyloxy)ethyl]-benzenemethanamine
AB01274725-01
ly-210448
dapoxetine ,
ly 210448
dapoxetinum [inn-latin]
benzenemethanamine, n,n-dimethyl-alpha-(2-(1-naphthalenyloxy)ethyl)-, (+)-
dapoxetina [inn-spanish]
dapoxetine [inn]
ly210448
CHEBI:135962
(1s)-n,n-dimethyl-3-naphthalen-1-yloxy-1-phenylpropan-1-amine
A804264
(s-(+)-n,n-dimethyl-a-[2-(naphthalenyloxy)ethyl]benzenemethanamine hydrochloride;d-dapoxetine hydrochloride
119356-77-3
dapoxetin
(s)-n,n-dimethyl-3-(naphthalen-1-yloxy)-1-phenylpropan-1-amine
dapoxetinum
dapoxetina
unii-gb2433a4m3
gb2433a4m3 ,
NCGC00253658-02
AKOS015895183
gtpl7901
DB04884
SCHEMBL34479
cas-119356-77-3
NCGC00253658-01
dtxsid0057627 ,
tox21_113784
dtxcid1031416
kutub
dapoxetine [mart.]
dapoxetine [mi]
dapoxetine [who-dd]
(+)-(s)-n,n-dimethyl-.alpha.-(2-(1-naphthyloxy)ethyl)benzylamine
benzenemethanamine, n,n-dimethyl-.alpha.-(2-(1-naphthalenyloxy)ethyl)-
USRHYDPUVLEVMC-FQEVSTJZSA-N
CHEMBL2110900
AC-22603
AB01274725_02
AS-72866
dimethyl[(1s)-3-(naphthalen-1-yloxy)-1-phenylpropyl]amine
dapoxetine (free base)
Q424965
EX-A4045
s-(+)-n,n-dimethyl-a-[2-(naphthalenyloxy)ethyl]benzenemethanamine
benzenemethanamine, n,n-dimethyl-alpha-[2-(1-naphthalenyloxy)ethyl]-, (alphas)-
HY-B0304

Research Excerpts

Overview

Dapoxetine (DAP) is a serotonin-norepinephrine reuptake inhibitor, and Tadalafil (TAD) is an phosphodiesterase type-5 inhibitor. It is the first drug approved for the on-demand treatment of premature ejaculation (PE)

Excerpt	Reference	Relevance
"Dapoxetine is a novel and effective PE drug on the Russian market."	( [The evidence for the efficiency and safety of dapoxetine in treating premature ejaculation]. Akhvlediani, ND; Matyukhov, IP, 2017)	1.43
"Dapoxetine (DAP) is a serotonin-norepinephrine reuptake inhibitor, and Tadalafil (TAD) is a phosphodiesterase type-5 inhibitor. "	( Linear Support Vector Regression and Partial Least-Squares for Determination of Dapoxetine Hydrochloride and Tadalafil in Binary Pharmaceutical Mixtures. Abdelhamid, NS; Anwar, BH; Magdy, MA; Naguib, IA, 2020)	2.23
"Dapoxetine hydrochloride is a selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor and the first drug approved for the on-demand treatment of premature ejaculation (PE). "	( Results from a prospective observational study of men with premature ejaculation treated with dapoxetine or alternative care: the PAUSE study. Aquilina, JW; Arcaniolo, D; Bull, S; Mirone, V; Rivas, D; Verze, P, 2014)	2.06
"Dapoxetine hydrochloride is a selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor and the first drug approved for the on-demand treatment of premature ejaculation (PE). "	( Comparison of paroxetine and dapoxetine, a novel selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor in the treatment of premature ejaculation. Akbulut, MF; Gurbuz, ZG; Kirecci, SL; Kucuktopcu, O; Ozgor, F; Ozkuvanci, U; Sarilar, O; Simsek, A, )	1.87
""Dapoxetine" is a serotonin transport inhibitor indicated for premature ejaculation."	( Pharmacokinetic interaction between udenafil and dapoxetine: a randomized, open-labeled crossover study in healthy male volunteers. Bae, KS; Bahng, MY; Choi, HY; Jeon, HS; Kim, YH; Lee, SH; Lim, HS, 2015)	1.29
"Dapoxetine hydrochloride is a potent inhibitor of serotonin reuptake transporters. "	( Efficacy and safety of dapoxetine in treatment of premature ejaculation: an evidence-based review. Boeri, L; Capogrosso, P; La Croce, G; Montorsi, F; Russo, A; Salonia, A; Ventimiglia, E, 2016)	2.19
"Dapoxetine is a short-acting selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor that was recently approved for the on-demand treatment of premature ejaculation (PE)."	( Treatment of premature ejaculation in the Asia-Pacific region: results from a phase III double-blind, parallel-group study of dapoxetine. Aquilina, J; Chang, CP; Kim, SW; McMahon, C; Park, NC; Rivas, D; Rothman, M; Tesfaye, F, 2010)	2.01
"Dapoxetine is a short-acting selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor developed for the on-demand treatment of premature ejaculation and is approved in some European Union countries, as well as Mexico and Korea, for this indication. "	( Pharmacokinetics of dapoxetine hydrochloride in healthy Chinese, Japanese, and Caucasian men. Aquilina, JW; Hsiao, HL; Mudumbi, R; Sharma, O; Thyssen, A; Tianmei, S; Vandebosch, A; Wang, SS, 2010)	2.13
"Dapoxetine is a potent SSRI, which is administered on demand 1-3 h before planned sexual contact."	( Dapoxetine for premature ejaculation. McMahon, CG, 2010)	2.52
"Dapoxetine is a short-acting selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor (SSRI) that has been developed principally for the treatment of PE."	( A benefit-risk assessment of dapoxetine in the treatment of premature ejaculation. Cruickshank, K; Hutchinson, K; Wylie, K, 2012)	1.39
"Dapoxetine is a serotonin transporter inhibitor currently in development for the treatment of premature ejaculation. "	( Single- and multiple-dose pharmacokinetics of dapoxetine hydrochloride, a novel agent for the treatment of premature ejaculation. Desai, D; Dresser, MJ; Gupta, S; Lin, D; Modi, NB; Simon, M, 2006)	2.03

Effects

Dapoxetine (DPX) has a pharmacokinetic profile suggesting a low rate of class-related adverse events (AEs) It has been evaluated for the on-demand treatment of premature ejaculation (PE) in five phase 3 studies.

Excerpt	Reference	Relevance
"Dapoxetine (DPX) has a pharmacokinetic profile suggesting a low rate of class-related adverse events (AEs)."	( Comparison of Treatment Emergent Adverse Events in Men With Premature Ejaculation Treated With Dapoxetine and Alternate Oral Treatments: Results From a Large Multinational Observational Trial. Cai, T; Cucchiara, V; Magno, C; Mirone, V; Palmieri, A; Sabella, F; Verze, P, 2016)	2.1
"Dapoxetine (DPX) has a pharmacokinetic profile suggesting a low rate of class-related adverse events (AEs)."	( Comparison of Treatment Emergent Adverse Events in Men With Premature Ejaculation Treated With Dapoxetine and Alternate Oral Treatments: Results From a Large Multinational Observational Trial. Cai, T; Cucchiara, V; Magno, C; Mirone, V; Palmieri, A; Sabella, F; Verze, P, 2016)	2.1
"Dapoxetine 30 and 60 mg has been evaluated in five randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled studies in 6,081 men aged > or = 18 years."	( Dapoxetine for premature ejaculation. McMahon, CG, 2010)	2.52
"Dapoxetine has been evaluated for the on-demand treatment of premature ejaculation (PE) in five phase 3 studies in various populations worldwide and has recently been approved in several countries."	( Efficacy and safety of dapoxetine for the treatment of premature ejaculation: integrated analysis of results from five phase 3 trials. Althof, SE; Aquilina, JW; Buvat, J; Kaufman, JM; Levine, SB; McMahon, CG; Porst, H; Rivas, DA; Rothman, M; Tesfaye, F, 2011)	2.12
"Dapoxetine has moderately better results in terms of IELT and intercourse satisfaction vs placebo without long-term benefit for the patient after it is withdrawn."	( Safety and efficacy of dapoxetine in the treatment of premature ejaculation: a double-blind, placebo-controlled, fixed-dose, randomized study. Safarinejad, MR, 2008)	1.38

Treatment

Dapoxetine treatment significantly prolonged IELT and improved PEP measures and was generally well tolerated in men with PE in the Asia-Pacific region.

Excerpt	Reference	Relevance
"The dapoxetine treatment discontinuation rate was very high."	( Reasons and treatment strategy for discontinuation of dapoxetine treatment in premature ejaculation patients in China: A retrospective observational study. Gao, Q; Geng, Q; Guo, J; Han, Q; Li, C; Wang, F; Zhang, J; Zhong, C, 2022)	1.45
"Dapoxetine treatment significantly prolonged IELT and improved PEP measures and was generally well tolerated in men with PE in the Asia-Pacific region."	( Treatment of premature ejaculation in the Asia-Pacific region: results from a phase III double-blind, parallel-group study of dapoxetine. Aquilina, J; Chang, CP; Kim, SW; McMahon, C; Park, NC; Rivas, D; Rothman, M; Tesfaye, F, 2010)	2.01
"Dapoxetine treatment improved significantly mean IELT (arithmetic and geometric) and PRO responses (perceived control over ejaculation, satisfaction with sexual intercourse, ejaculation-related personal distress, and interpersonal difficulty) for acquired and lifelong subtypes, but presence of mild ED diminished PRO responsiveness in both subtypes, particularly those with lifelong PE."	( Baseline characteristics and treatment outcomes for men with acquired or lifelong premature ejaculation with mild or no erectile dysfunction: integrated analyses of two phase 3 dapoxetine trials. Althof, SE; Aquilina, JW; Bull, S; McMahon, CG; Porst, H; Rivas, DA; Sharlip, I; Tesfaye, F, 2010)	1.27
"Treatment with dapoxetine or alternative care/nondapoxetine."	( Results from a prospective observational study of men with premature ejaculation treated with dapoxetine or alternative care: the PAUSE study. Aquilina, JW; Arcaniolo, D; Bull, S; Mirone, V; Rivas, D; Verze, P, 2014)	0.97

Toxicity

Dapoxetine (DPX) has a pharmacokinetic profile suggesting a low rate of class-related adverse events. Preclinical safety pharmacology studies did not suggest an adverse electrophysiologic or hemodynamic effect with concentrations of dapoxETine up to 2-fold greater than recommended doses.

Excerpt	Reference	Relevance
" Mean number of adverse events was 19 for dapoxetine and 7 for placebo (p=0."	( Safety and efficacy of dapoxetine in the treatment of premature ejaculation: a double-blind, placebo-controlled, fixed-dose, randomized study. Safarinejad, MR, 2008)	0.92
"End points included stopwatch-measured IELT, Premature Ejaculation Profile (PEP) items, clinical global impression of change (CGIC) in PE, and adverse events (AEs)."	( Efficacy and safety of dapoxetine for the treatment of premature ejaculation: integrated analysis of results from five phase 3 trials. Althof, SE; Aquilina, JW; Buvat, J; Kaufman, JM; Levine, SB; McMahon, CG; Porst, H; Rivas, DA; Rothman, M; Tesfaye, F, 2011)	0.68
" Preclinical safety pharmacology studies did not suggest an adverse electrophysiologic or hemodynamic effect with concentrations of dapoxetine up to 2-fold greater than recommended doses."	( Cardiovascular safety profile of dapoxetine during the premarketing evaluation. Aquilina, JW; DiBattiste, PM; Kowey, PR; Mudumbi, RV, 2011)	0.85
" Among studies that provided comprehensive adverse event data, safety and tolerability observations in men with PE were generally similar to those observed in other populations; however, with the exception of dapoxetine, known SSRI-class effects (e."	( Oral agents for the treatment of premature ejaculation: review of efficacy and safety in the context of the recent International Society for Sexual Medicine criteria for lifelong premature ejaculation. McMahon, CG; Porst, H, 2011)	0.56
"This systematic review of well-controlled clinical trials in PE has demonstrated that while many oral agents, particularly SSRIs, tramadol, and dapoxetine, have proven effective and safe for the treatment of men with PE, few have been evaluated for their effects on the specific elements of the ISSM criteria."	( Oral agents for the treatment of premature ejaculation: review of efficacy and safety in the context of the recent International Society for Sexual Medicine criteria for lifelong premature ejaculation. McMahon, CG; Porst, H, 2011)	0.57
"Stopwatch-measured average IELT, Clinical Global Impression of Change (CGIC) in PE, Premature Ejaculation Profile (PEP), and treatment-emergent adverse events (TEAEs)."	( Efficacy and safety of dapoxetine in men with premature ejaculation and concomitant erectile dysfunction treated with a phosphodiesterase type 5 inhibitor: randomized, placebo-controlled, phase III study. Aquilina, JW; Bull, S; Dean, J; Giuliano, F; Hellstrom, WJ; McMahon, CG; Rivas, DA; Sharma, O; Tesfaye, F, 2013)	0.7
" Most frequent TEAEs were known adverse drug reactions of dapoxetine treatment including nausea (9."	( Efficacy and safety of dapoxetine in men with premature ejaculation and concomitant erectile dysfunction treated with a phosphodiesterase type 5 inhibitor: randomized, placebo-controlled, phase III study. Aquilina, JW; Bull, S; Dean, J; Giuliano, F; Hellstrom, WJ; McMahon, CG; Rivas, DA; Sharma, O; Tesfaye, F, 2013)	0.94
"Dapoxetine (DPX) has a pharmacokinetic profile suggesting a low rate of class-related adverse events (AEs)."	( Comparison of Treatment Emergent Adverse Events in Men With Premature Ejaculation Treated With Dapoxetine and Alternate Oral Treatments: Results From a Large Multinational Observational Trial. Cai, T; Cucchiara, V; Magno, C; Mirone, V; Palmieri, A; Sabella, F; Verze, P, 2016)	2.1
" After 4 weeks of medication, we compared the clinical global impression of change (CGIC) , PE profile (PEP) scores, intravaginal ejaculation latency time (IELT) , and adverse reactions between the two groups of patients."	( [Efficacy and safety of dapoxetine in the treatment of premature ejaculation]. Chen, XY; Qu, YW; Wang, SG, 2016)	0.74
" The incidence of adverse reactions was significantly lower in the dapoxetine than in the control group (3."	( [Efficacy and safety of dapoxetine in the treatment of premature ejaculation]. Chen, XY; Qu, YW; Wang, SG, 2016)	0.98
"Dapoxetine is effective for the treatment of PE, with its advantages of prolonging the intravaginal ejaculation latency time, improving the quality of sexual life, and low incidence of adverse reactions."	( [Efficacy and safety of dapoxetine in the treatment of premature ejaculation]. Chen, XY; Qu, YW; Wang, SG, 2016)	2.18
"The most common adverse events with dapoxetine are nausea, dizziness, somnolence, headache, diarrhoea and insomnia."	( Efficacy and safety of dapoxetine in treatment of premature ejaculation: an evidence-based review. Boeri, L; Capogrosso, P; La Croce, G; Montorsi, F; Russo, A; Salonia, A; Ventimiglia, E, 2016)	1.02
"Dapoxetine is the only effective and safe available on-label oral treatment for PE, and its use can result in better quality of life for the patient and their sexual partner."	( Efficacy and safety of dapoxetine in treatment of premature ejaculation: an evidence-based review. Boeri, L; Capogrosso, P; La Croce, G; Montorsi, F; Russo, A; Salonia, A; Ventimiglia, E, 2016)	2.19
" The combined dapoxetine with sildenafil therapy could significantly improve PE patients without ED as compared to paroxetine alone or dapoxetine alone or sildenafil alone with tolerated adverse effects."	( Comparison of the clinical efficacy and safety of the on-demand use of paroxetine, dapoxetine, sildenafil and combined dapoxetine with sildenafil in treatment of patients with premature ejaculation: A randomised placebo-controlled clinical trial. Abdelhamed, A; Abu El-Hamd, M, 2018)	1.07
" After 4 and 8 weeks of medication, we recorded and compared the changes in the intravaginal ejaculation latency time (IELT), measures of the PE profile (PEP), and adverse events among the three groups of patients."	( [Efficacy and safety of Yimusake Tablets plus dapoxetine hydrochloride in the treatment of premature ejaculation]. Jiao, X; Li, YF; Yan, XQ; Yang, DK, 2016)	0.69
" Adverse reactions were observed in 2 cases (3."	( [Efficacy and safety of Yimusake Tablets plus dapoxetine hydrochloride in the treatment of premature ejaculation]. Jiao, X; Li, YF; Yan, XQ; Yang, DK, 2016)	0.69
" MATERIAL AND METHODS We performed a meta-analysis of intravaginal ejaculatory latency time (IELT), patient-reported global impression of change (PGIC), perceived control over ejaculation (PCOE), and drug-related adverse effects (AEs)."	( Efficacy and Safety of "On-Demand" Dapoxetine in Treatment of Patients with Premature Ejaculation: A Meta-Analysis. Bai, X; Du, Y; Jiang, Y; Tian, G; Wu, D; Zhang, J; Zhang, N, 2019)	0.79
" Efficacy endpoints included intravaginal ejaculatory latency times (IELT), personal distress related to ejaculation (PDRE) and treatment-emergent adverse events (TEAEs) was used to evaluate safety."	( Efficacy and safety of dapoxetine for premature ejaculation: an updated systematic review and meta-analysis. Guo, Q; Li, YF; Zhang, YG; Zhao, GJ, 2019)	0.82
" Therefore, combined therapy involving the Qiaoshao formula and dapoxetine proved to safe as well as effective for treating premature ejaculation while prolonging the perceived intravaginal ejaculation latency time, which significantly improved the overall satisfaction of the patient and likely that of the couple."	( Safety and efficacy of traditional Chinese medicine, Qiaoshao formula, combined with dapoxetine in the treatment of premature ejaculation: An open-label, real-life, retrospective multicentre study in Chinese men. Bin, B; Cai, J; Colonnello, E; Gao, Q; Geng, Q; Guo, B; Guo, J; Han, Q; Jannini, EA; Wang, F; Xuan, Z; Yan, B; Zhang, C; Zhang, J; Zhang, R; Zhou, Q, 2021)	1.08
" The adverse events in the high-dose group under fasted and fed states were 37."	( Pharmacokinetics and Safety of Dapoxetine Hydrochloride in Healthy Chinese Men: Impact of Dose and High-Fat Meal. Ju, G; Li, Z; Liu, J; Qiu, W; Yan, K, 2021)	0.91

Pharmacokinetics

Dapoxetine is being developed as a treatment for premature ejaculation and has demonstrated rapid absorption and elimination in previous pharmacokinetic studies. The aim of study is to develop a high performance liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) method to investigate the drug interaction.

Excerpt	Reference	Relevance
"Potential pharmacokinetic interactions between dapoxetine, a serotonin transporter inhibitor developed for the treatment of premature ejaculation (PE), and the phosphodiesterase-5 inhibitors tadalafil and sildenafil, agents used in the treatment of erectile dysfunction (ED), were investigated in an open-label, randomized, crossover study (n=24 men) comparing dapoxetine 60 mg, dapoxetine 60 mg+tadalafil 20 mg, and dapoxetine 60 mg+sildenafil 100 mg."	( Dapoxetine, a novel treatment for premature ejaculation, does not have pharmacokinetic interactions with phosphodiesterase-5 inhibitors. Desai, D; Dresser, MJ; Gidwani, S; Modi, NB; Seftel, AD, )	1.83
"To describe the relationship between the pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic properties of dapoxetine, a drug specifically developed for treating premature ejaculation (PE)."	( Pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic features of dapoxetine, a novel drug for 'on-demand' treatment of premature ejaculation. Andersson, KE; Mulhall, JP; Wyllie, MG, 2006)	0.81
" The clinical characteristics were then compared with the pharmacokinetic profile, determined from measured plasma drug concentrations."	( Pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic features of dapoxetine, a novel drug for 'on-demand' treatment of premature ejaculation. Andersson, KE; Mulhall, JP; Wyllie, MG, 2006)	0.59
"Pharmacodynamic and pharmacokinetic measurements confirm that 'on demand' dapoxetine has a rapid onset of action and is rapidly cleared after sexual intercourse."	( Pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic features of dapoxetine, a novel drug for 'on-demand' treatment of premature ejaculation. Andersson, KE; Mulhall, JP; Wyllie, MG, 2006)	0.82
" Its physicochemical and pharmacokinetic properties and its clinical efficacy make dapoxetine suitable for on-demand treatment of PE."	( Pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic features of dapoxetine, a novel drug for 'on-demand' treatment of premature ejaculation. Andersson, KE; Mulhall, JP; Wyllie, MG, 2006)	0.81
"Dapoxetine is being developed as a treatment for premature ejaculation and has demonstrated rapid absorption and elimination in previous pharmacokinetic studies."	( Pharmacokinetics of dapoxetine, a new treatment for premature ejaculation: Impact of age and effects of a high-fat meal. Dresser, MJ; Gidwani, S; Guo, C; Kang, D; Modi, NB; Mulhall, JP; Staehr, P, 2006)	2.1
" Dapoxetine was eliminated in a biphasic manner with an apparent mean terminal half-life of 14 to 17 hours."	( Pharmacokinetics of dapoxetine hydrochloride in healthy Chinese, Japanese, and Caucasian men. Aquilina, JW; Hsiao, HL; Mudumbi, R; Sharma, O; Thyssen, A; Tianmei, S; Vandebosch, A; Wang, SS, 2010)	1.59
" The aim of the study reported here was to investigate the pharmacokinetic drug interaction between udenafil and dapoxetine in healthy male subjects."	( Pharmacokinetic interaction between udenafil and dapoxetine: a randomized, open-labeled crossover study in healthy male volunteers. Bae, KS; Bahng, MY; Choi, HY; Jeon, HS; Kim, YH; Lee, SH; Lim, HS, 2015)	0.88
" Pharmacokinetic parameters were obtained by non-compartmental analysis."	( Pharmacokinetic interaction between udenafil and dapoxetine: a randomized, open-labeled crossover study in healthy male volunteers. Bae, KS; Bahng, MY; Choi, HY; Jeon, HS; Kim, YH; Lee, SH; Lim, HS, 2015)	0.67
"Udenafil was found to have no clinically significant pharmacokinetic interactions with dapoxetine."	( Pharmacokinetic interaction between udenafil and dapoxetine: a randomized, open-labeled crossover study in healthy male volunteers. Bae, KS; Bahng, MY; Choi, HY; Jeon, HS; Kim, YH; Lee, SH; Lim, HS, 2015)	0.89
"The aim of study is to develop a high performance liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) method to investigate the pharmacokinetic interaction of Epimedium extract on the dapoxetine in rats."	( Herb-drug interaction of Epimedium extract on the pharmacokinetic of dapoxetine in rats. Chiu, AW; Ho, JK; Hsueh, TY; Lin, CH; Lin, LC; Tsai, TH, 2016)	0.86
" Plasma concentration of dapoxetine was determined by high-performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry, and the pharmacokinetic parameters were calculated using noncompartmental analysis."	( Pharmacokinetics and Safety of Dapoxetine Hydrochloride in Healthy Chinese Men: Impact of Dose and High-Fat Meal. Ju, G; Li, Z; Liu, J; Qiu, W; Yan, K, 2021)	1.21

Compound-Compound Interactions

To evaluate the efficacy and safety of tamsulosin combined with dapoxetine in the treatment of type IIIB chronic prostatitis/chronic pelvic pain syndrome (CP/CPPS) that is complicated by premature ejaculation.

Excerpt	Reference	Relevance
"To evaluate the overall treatment benefits of premature ejaculation desensitisation therapy combined with 30 mg dapoxetine hydrochloride treatment on patients with primary premature ejaculation (PPE)."	( Effect of premature ejaculation desensitisation therapy combined with dapoxetine hydrochloride on the treatment of primary premature ejaculation. Fu, M; Hu, Y; Peng, X, 2019)	0.96
"To evaluate the efficacy and safety of tamsulosin combined with dapoxetine in the treatment of type IIIB chronic prostatitis/chronic pelvic pain syndrome (CP/CPPS) that is complicated by premature ejaculation (PE), a total of 251 CP/CPPS patients with PE were recruited from nine hospitals across China and were randomly divided into two groups: one received tamsulosin as a control, and the other received a combination therapy of tamsulosin and dapoxetine."	( Beneficial effect of tamsulosin combined with dapoxetine in management of type III prostatitis with premature ejaculation. Ji, Z; Li, Z; Liang, C; Song, W; Tian, R; Wang, Z; Xia, S; Zhang, L; Zhao, J; Zhao, L, 2019)	1.01
"To evaluate the safety and efficacy of Chinese medicine, Qiaoshao formula combined with dapoxetine was used for the treatment of premature ejaculation in a real-life setting."	( Safety and efficacy of traditional Chinese medicine, Qiaoshao formula, combined with dapoxetine in the treatment of premature ejaculation: An open-label, real-life, retrospective multicentre study in Chinese men. Bin, B; Cai, J; Colonnello, E; Gao, Q; Geng, Q; Guo, B; Guo, J; Han, Q; Jannini, EA; Wang, F; Xuan, Z; Yan, B; Zhang, C; Zhang, J; Zhang, R; Zhou, Q, 2021)	1.07
"To observe the clinical effect of priligy (dapoxetine hydrochloride) combined with behavioral therapy and psychological counseling in the treatment of primary premature ejaculation (PPE)."	( [Priligy combined with behavioral therapy and psychological counseling for primary premature ejaculation]. Cai, DY; Guo, KM; Li, FB; Wang, HL; Wu, J; Xu, SQ; Yang, YP, 2020)	0.82
"A total of 202 PPE patients diagnosed from 2017 to 2018 were randomized into a control (n = 100) and an experimental group (n = 102), the former treated with oral priligy at 30 mg 1－3 hours before anticipated sexual activity, and the latter by the same medication combined with 30-minute behavioral therapy and psychological counseling once a month for two times."	( [Priligy combined with behavioral therapy and psychological counseling for primary premature ejaculation]. Cai, DY; Guo, KM; Li, FB; Wang, HL; Wu, J; Xu, SQ; Yang, YP, 2020)	0.56
"Priligy combined with behavioral therapy and psychological counseling is more effective than priligy alone in improving the sexual function of PPE patients, raise their interest in sexual life and increase the intimacy between the partners, and can even achieve clinical cure in some patients."	( [Priligy combined with behavioral therapy and psychological counseling for primary premature ejaculation]. Cai, DY; Guo, KM; Li, FB; Wang, HL; Wu, J; Xu, SQ; Yang, YP, 2020)	0.56

Bioavailability

Dapoxetine (DPX), a recently approved drug for the treatment of PE, suffers from low bioavailability with large variability that ranges from 15-76% (mean 42%) after oral administration.

Excerpt	Reference	Relevance
" The oral bioavailability of dapoxetine was about 75% in rats."	( Herb-drug interaction of Epimedium extract on the pharmacokinetic of dapoxetine in rats. Chiu, AW; Ho, JK; Hsueh, TY; Lin, CH; Lin, LC; Tsai, TH, 2016)	0.96
"Dapoxetine (D) suffers from poor oral bioavailability (42%) due to extensive first pass metabolism."	( Novel instantly-soluble transmucosal matrix (ISTM) using dual mechanism solubilizer for sublingual and nasal delivery of dapoxetine hydrochloride: In-vitro/in-vivo evaluation. Basalious, EB; El-Nabarawi, MA; Fouad, SA; Shamma, RN; Tayel, SA, 2016)	2.08
"Dapoxetine (D) suffers from poor oral bioavailability (42%) due to extensive metabolism in the liver."	( Novel instantly-dispersible nanocarrier powder system (IDNPs) for intranasal delivery of dapoxetine hydrochloride: in-vitro optimization, ex-vivo permeation studies, and in-vivo evaluation. Basalious, EB; El-Nabarawi, MM; Fouad, SA; Shamma, RN; Tayel, SA, 2018)	2.15
" DPX is characterized by relatively low bioavailability (42%) and short half-life (1."	( Self-assembled biodegradable polymeric micelles to improve dapoxetine delivery across the blood-brain barrier. Abourehab, MA; Ahmed, OA; Almalki, WH; Balata, GF, 2018)	0.72
"DPX formulations in the form of PMs improved bioavailability and efficacy across the BBB."	( Self-assembled biodegradable polymeric micelles to improve dapoxetine delivery across the blood-brain barrier. Abourehab, MA; Ahmed, OA; Almalki, WH; Balata, GF, 2018)	0.72
"The ATP-binding cassette transporter P-glycoprotein (P-gp) is known to limit both brain penetration and oral bioavailability of many chemotherapy drugs."	( A High-Throughput Screen of a Library of Therapeutics Identifies Cytotoxic Substrates of P-glycoprotein. Ambudkar, SV; Brimacombe, KR; Chen, L; Gottesman, MM; Guha, R; Hall, MD; Klumpp-Thomas, C; Lee, OW; Lee, TD; Lusvarghi, S; Robey, RW; Shen, M; Tebase, BG, 2019)	0.51
" Dapoxetine (DPX), a recently approved drug for the treatment of PE, suffers from low bioavailability with large variability that ranges from 15-76% (mean 42%) after oral administration."	( Zein-alpha lipoic acid-loaded nanoparticles to enhance the oral bioavailability of dapoxetine: optimization and clinical pharmacokinetic evaluation. Ahmed, OA; El-Say, KM; Mohamed, AI; Omar, AM; Safo, MK, 2019)	1.65
"The clinical findings suggest 194% enhancement of relative bioavailability of the optimized DPX-loaded NPs, potentially leading to a decrease in therapeutic dose and associated side effects in the treatment of PE."	( Zein-alpha lipoic acid-loaded nanoparticles to enhance the oral bioavailability of dapoxetine: optimization and clinical pharmacokinetic evaluation. Ahmed, OA; El-Say, KM; Mohamed, AI; Omar, AM; Safo, MK, 2019)	0.74

Dosage Studied

The presented study is using previously analyzed pharmaceutical mixtures of Dapoxetine Hydrochloride (DAP) and Tadalafil (TAD) as a case study. Phase I clinical pharmacology studies demonstrated that dap Oxetine did not prolong the QT/QTc interval and had neither clinically sign up. In the 3 ethnic groups, dapOxetine was rapidly absorbed following oral administration.

Excerpt	Relevance	Reference
" Most tissues had returned to background radioactive levels 72 h after dosing but persistent concentrations of radiocarbon were present in the preputial gland and liver one week after the single dose of 14C-dapoxetine."	( Disposition of 14C-dapoxetine in rats: complementary experiments with whole-body autoradiographic and tissue dissection techniques. Bernstein, JR; Franklin, RB; Manzione, BM; Pohland, RC, 1994)	0.8
" The process of ejaculation is under central control, and serotonin (5-HT) is a key mediator; therefore, SSRIs and tricyclic antidepressants, including paroxetine, sertraline and clomipramine, are commonly used with chronic daily dosing in the treatment of PE."	( Central regulation of ejaculation and the therapeutic role of serotonergic agents in premature ejaculation. Hellstrom, WJ; Patel, K, 2009)	0.35
" In the 3 ethnic groups, dapoxetine was rapidly absorbed following oral administration, with peak plasma concentrations evident approximately 1 hour after dosing, independent of dose, dosing frequency (single or multiple dosing), or ethnicity."	( Pharmacokinetics of dapoxetine hydrochloride in healthy Chinese, Japanese, and Caucasian men. Aquilina, JW; Hsiao, HL; Mudumbi, R; Sharma, O; Thyssen, A; Tianmei, S; Vandebosch, A; Wang, SS, 2010)	0.99
" Phase I clinical pharmacology studies demonstrated that dapoxetine did not prolong the QT/QTc interval and had neither clinically significant electrocardiographic effects nor evidence of delayed repolarization or conduction effects, with dosing up to 4-fold greater than the maximum recommended dosage."	( Cardiovascular safety profile of dapoxetine during the premarketing evaluation. Aquilina, JW; DiBattiste, PM; Kowey, PR; Mudumbi, RV, 2011)	0.9
"We compared on-demand dosing of dapoxetine alone and combined with mirodenafil in subjects with lifelong PE and without erectile dysfunction (ED)."	( Comparison between on-demand dosing of dapoxetine alone and dapoxetine plus mirodenafil in patients with lifelong premature ejaculation: prospective, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, multicenter study. Cho, JS; Cho, ST; Lee, SH; Lee, SK; Lee, WK; Lee, YS; Oh, CY; Yang, DY; Yoo, C, 2013)	0.94
"Orally disintegrating tablet (ODT) is a user friendly and convenient dosage form."	( Investigation on the effect of polymer and starch on the tablet properties of lyophilized orally disintegrating tablet. Liew, KB; Peh, KK, 2021)	0.62
" Therefore, a novel, accurate, specific and sensitive reversed-phase high performance liquid chromatographic method with fluorescence detection was developed and validated for their separation and quantitation in dosage form and human plasma using avanafil as an internal standard (IS)."	( A novel liquid chromatographic method with fluorescence detection for quantitation of tadalafil and dapoxetine hydrochloride in pharmaceutical dosage form and human plasma. Ahmed Emad, el G; Amira, K; Maha, H; Mohamed, A, 2015)	0.63
" The two models were applied on the dosage forms and statistically compared with the published HPLC method with no significant difference regarding accuracy and precision."	( Linear Support Vector Regression and Partial Least-Squares for Determination of Dapoxetine Hydrochloride and Tadalafil in Binary Pharmaceutical Mixtures. Abdelhamid, NS; Anwar, BH; Magdy, MA; Naguib, IA, 2020)	0.79
" The presented study is using previously analyzed pharmaceutical mixtures of Dapoxetine Hydrochloride (DAP) and Tadalafil (TAD) as a case study, whether in pure forms or in dosage form, where the study uses two datasets for analysis, the first aims to include COA and the second dataset avoids it, then a statistical comparison is conducted for training sets, test sets and dosage form datasets to see how far COA may interfere with analysis results."	( Ultraviolet cutoff area and predictive ability of partial least squares regression method: A pharmaceutical case study. Abdallah, FF; Naguib, IA, 2020)	0.79
" Based on the different effects of magnitude of the three dosing regimens, we recommend a stepwise approach, starting with 30 mg on demand, then 60 mg on demand and finally 60 mg dapoxetine daily."	( Efficacy and safety of dapoxetine for premature ejaculation: an updated systematic review and meta-analysis. Guo, Q; Li, YF; Zhang, YG; Zhao, GJ, 2019)	1.02
" Eventually, the procedure was utilized in the dosage form assay and extended to include biological plasma analyses, with good percentage recuperation."	( One-pot micellar augmented native fluorescence for facile fluorimetric assay of dapoxetine hydrochloride in biological plasma and tablets. Abu-Hassan, AA; Ali, R; Derayea, SM, 2020)	0.79
"We suggested six simple, precise, and sensitive spectrophotometric methods based on mathematical filtration techniques and ratio spectra manipulations to resolve the spectra of DAP and SIL in their bulk and combined pharmaceutical dosage form and estimate the relevant individual concentrations."	( Spectral analysis of severely overlapping spectra based on newly developed mathematical filtration techniques and ratio spectra manipulations: An application to the concurrent determination of dapoxetine and sildenafil in combined dosage form. Abd El-Hay, SS; Attala, K; Eissa, MS; El-Henawee, MM, 2021)	0.81
"We determined the performance of the suggested methods for estimating DAP and SIL in their laboratory mixtures and their combined pharmaceutical dosage form."	( Spectral analysis of severely overlapping spectra based on newly developed mathematical filtration techniques and ratio spectra manipulations: An application to the concurrent determination of dapoxetine and sildenafil in combined dosage form. Abd El-Hay, SS; Attala, K; Eissa, MS; El-Henawee, MM, 2021)	0.81

[information is derived through text-mining from research data collected from National Library of Medicine (NLM), extracted Dec-2023]

Drug Classes (1)

Class	Description
naphthalenes	Any benzenoid aromatic compound having a skeleton composed of two ortho-fused benzene rings.
[compound class information is derived from Chemical Entities of Biological Interest (ChEBI), Hastings J, Owen G, Dekker A, Ennis M, Kale N, Muthukrishnan V, Turner S, Swainston N, Mendes P, Steinbeck C. (2016). ChEBI in 2016: Improved services and an expanding collection of metabolites. Nucleic Acids Res]

Protein Targets (31)

Potency Measurements

Protein	Taxonomy	Measurement	Average (µ)	Min (ref.)	Avg (ref.)	Max (ref.)	Bioassay(s)
acetylcholinesterase	Homo sapiens (human)	Potency	34.6713	0.0025	41.7960	15,848.9004	AID1347398
RAR-related orphan receptor gamma	Mus musculus (house mouse)	Potency	21.5451	0.0060	38.0041	19,952.5996	AID1159521; AID1159523
SMAD family member 2	Homo sapiens (human)	Potency	26.8325	0.1737	34.3047	61.8120	AID1346924
Fumarate hydratase	Homo sapiens (human)	Potency	34.3274	0.0030	8.7949	48.0869	AID1347053
SMAD family member 3	Homo sapiens (human)	Potency	26.8325	0.1737	34.3047	61.8120	AID1346924
GLI family zinc finger 3	Homo sapiens (human)	Potency	24.8995	0.0007	14.5928	83.7951	AID1259369; AID1259392
AR protein	Homo sapiens (human)	Potency	26.6032	0.0002	21.2231	8,912.5098	AID1259243; AID1259247
caspase 7, apoptosis-related cysteine protease	Homo sapiens (human)	Potency	33.4915	0.0133	26.9810	70.7614	AID1346978
estrogen receptor 2 (ER beta)	Homo sapiens (human)	Potency	29.8493	0.0006	57.9133	22,387.1992	AID1259378
progesterone receptor	Homo sapiens (human)	Potency	10.5909	0.0004	17.9460	75.1148	AID1346795
cytochrome P450 family 3 subfamily A polypeptide 4	Homo sapiens (human)	Potency	1.9347	0.0123	7.9835	43.2770	AID1645841
EWS/FLI fusion protein	Homo sapiens (human)	Potency	24.2793	0.0013	10.1577	42.8575	AID1259252; AID1259253; AID1259255; AID1259256
retinoic acid nuclear receptor alpha variant 1	Homo sapiens (human)	Potency	29.1142	0.0030	41.6115	22,387.1992	AID1159552; AID1159553; AID1159555
retinoid X nuclear receptor alpha	Homo sapiens (human)	Potency	22.0180	0.0008	17.5051	59.3239	AID1159527; AID1159531
estrogen-related nuclear receptor alpha	Homo sapiens (human)	Potency	33.0712	0.0015	30.6073	15,848.9004	AID1224848; AID1224849; AID1259403
pregnane X nuclear receptor	Homo sapiens (human)	Potency	7.4978	0.0054	28.0263	1,258.9301	AID1346982
G	Vesicular stomatitis virus	Potency	18.4022	0.0123	8.9648	39.8107	AID1645842
cytochrome P450 2D6	Homo sapiens (human)	Potency	0.5977	0.0010	8.3798	61.1304	AID1645840
polyprotein	Zika virus	Potency	34.3274	0.0030	8.7949	48.0869	AID1347053
peroxisome proliferator activated receptor gamma	Homo sapiens (human)	Potency	10.5901	0.0010	19.4141	70.9645	AID743191
vitamin D (1,25- dihydroxyvitamin D3) receptor	Homo sapiens (human)	Potency	14.9589	0.0237	23.2282	63.5986	AID743222
caspase-3	Homo sapiens (human)	Potency	33.4915	0.0133	26.9810	70.7614	AID1346978
thyroid stimulating hormone receptor	Homo sapiens (human)	Potency	33.4915	0.0016	28.0151	77.1139	AID1224843; AID1224895
nuclear factor of kappa light polypeptide gene enhancer in B-cells 1 (p105), isoform CRA_a	Homo sapiens (human)	Potency	26.8325	19.7391	45.9784	64.9432	AID1159509
v-jun sarcoma virus 17 oncogene homolog (avian)	Homo sapiens (human)	Potency	22.6142	0.0578	21.1097	61.2679	AID1159526; AID1159528
nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 isoform 1	Homo sapiens (human)	Potency	30.0450	0.0006	27.2152	1,122.0200	AID743202; AID743219
Interferon beta	Homo sapiens (human)	Potency	18.4022	0.0033	9.1582	39.8107	AID1645842
HLA class I histocompatibility antigen, B alpha chain	Homo sapiens (human)	Potency	18.4022	0.0123	8.9648	39.8107	AID1645842
Spike glycoprotein	Severe acute respiratory syndrome-related coronavirus	Potency	9.0131	0.0096	10.5250	35.4813	AID1479145; AID1479148
Inositol hexakisphosphate kinase 1	Homo sapiens (human)	Potency	18.4022	0.0123	8.9648	39.8107	AID1645842
cytochrome P450 2C9, partial	Homo sapiens (human)	Potency	18.4022	0.0123	8.9648	39.8107	AID1645842
[prepared from compound, protein, and bioassay information from National Library of Medicine (NLM), extracted Dec-2023]

Biological Processes (45)

Process	via Protein(s)	Taxonomy
cell surface receptor signaling pathway via JAK-STAT	Interferon beta	Homo sapiens (human)
response to exogenous dsRNA	Interferon beta	Homo sapiens (human)
B cell activation involved in immune response	Interferon beta	Homo sapiens (human)
cell surface receptor signaling pathway	Interferon beta	Homo sapiens (human)
cell surface receptor signaling pathway via JAK-STAT	Interferon beta	Homo sapiens (human)
response to virus	Interferon beta	Homo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of autophagy	Interferon beta	Homo sapiens (human)
cytokine-mediated signaling pathway	Interferon beta	Homo sapiens (human)
natural killer cell activation	Interferon beta	Homo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of peptidyl-serine phosphorylation of STAT protein	Interferon beta	Homo sapiens (human)
cellular response to interferon-beta	Interferon beta	Homo sapiens (human)
B cell proliferation	Interferon beta	Homo sapiens (human)
negative regulation of viral genome replication	Interferon beta	Homo sapiens (human)
innate immune response	Interferon beta	Homo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of innate immune response	Interferon beta	Homo sapiens (human)
regulation of MHC class I biosynthetic process	Interferon beta	Homo sapiens (human)
negative regulation of T cell differentiation	Interferon beta	Homo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of transcription by RNA polymerase II	Interferon beta	Homo sapiens (human)
defense response to virus	Interferon beta	Homo sapiens (human)
type I interferon-mediated signaling pathway	Interferon beta	Homo sapiens (human)
neuron cellular homeostasis	Interferon beta	Homo sapiens (human)
cellular response to exogenous dsRNA	Interferon beta	Homo sapiens (human)
cellular response to virus	Interferon beta	Homo sapiens (human)
negative regulation of Lewy body formation	Interferon beta	Homo sapiens (human)
negative regulation of T-helper 2 cell cytokine production	Interferon beta	Homo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of apoptotic signaling pathway	Interferon beta	Homo sapiens (human)
response to exogenous dsRNA	Interferon beta	Homo sapiens (human)
B cell differentiation	Interferon beta	Homo sapiens (human)
natural killer cell activation involved in immune response	Interferon beta	Homo sapiens (human)
adaptive immune response	Interferon beta	Homo sapiens (human)
T cell activation involved in immune response	Interferon beta	Homo sapiens (human)
humoral immune response	Interferon beta	Homo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of T cell mediated cytotoxicity	HLA class I histocompatibility antigen, B alpha chain	Homo sapiens (human)
adaptive immune response	HLA class I histocompatibility antigen, B alpha chain	Homo sapiens (human)
antigen processing and presentation of endogenous peptide antigen via MHC class I via ER pathway, TAP-independent	HLA class I histocompatibility antigen, B alpha chain	Homo sapiens (human)
regulation of T cell anergy	HLA class I histocompatibility antigen, B alpha chain	Homo sapiens (human)
defense response	HLA class I histocompatibility antigen, B alpha chain	Homo sapiens (human)
immune response	HLA class I histocompatibility antigen, B alpha chain	Homo sapiens (human)
detection of bacterium	HLA class I histocompatibility antigen, B alpha chain	Homo sapiens (human)
regulation of interleukin-12 production	HLA class I histocompatibility antigen, B alpha chain	Homo sapiens (human)
regulation of interleukin-6 production	HLA class I histocompatibility antigen, B alpha chain	Homo sapiens (human)
protection from natural killer cell mediated cytotoxicity	HLA class I histocompatibility antigen, B alpha chain	Homo sapiens (human)
innate immune response	HLA class I histocompatibility antigen, B alpha chain	Homo sapiens (human)
regulation of dendritic cell differentiation	HLA class I histocompatibility antigen, B alpha chain	Homo sapiens (human)
antigen processing and presentation of endogenous peptide antigen via MHC class Ib	HLA class I histocompatibility antigen, B alpha chain	Homo sapiens (human)
inositol phosphate metabolic process	Inositol hexakisphosphate kinase 1	Homo sapiens (human)
phosphatidylinositol phosphate biosynthetic process	Inositol hexakisphosphate kinase 1	Homo sapiens (human)
negative regulation of cold-induced thermogenesis	Inositol hexakisphosphate kinase 1	Homo sapiens (human)
inositol phosphate biosynthetic process	Inositol hexakisphosphate kinase 1	Homo sapiens (human)
[Information is prepared from geneontology information from the June-17-2024 release]

Molecular Functions (18)

Process	via Protein(s)	Taxonomy
cytokine activity	Interferon beta	Homo sapiens (human)
cytokine receptor binding	Interferon beta	Homo sapiens (human)
type I interferon receptor binding	Interferon beta	Homo sapiens (human)
protein binding	Interferon beta	Homo sapiens (human)
chloramphenicol O-acetyltransferase activity	Interferon beta	Homo sapiens (human)
TAP binding	HLA class I histocompatibility antigen, B alpha chain	Homo sapiens (human)
signaling receptor binding	HLA class I histocompatibility antigen, B alpha chain	Homo sapiens (human)
protein binding	HLA class I histocompatibility antigen, B alpha chain	Homo sapiens (human)
peptide antigen binding	HLA class I histocompatibility antigen, B alpha chain	Homo sapiens (human)
TAP binding	HLA class I histocompatibility antigen, B alpha chain	Homo sapiens (human)
protein-folding chaperone binding	HLA class I histocompatibility antigen, B alpha chain	Homo sapiens (human)
inositol-1,3,4,5,6-pentakisphosphate kinase activity	Inositol hexakisphosphate kinase 1	Homo sapiens (human)
inositol hexakisphosphate kinase activity	Inositol hexakisphosphate kinase 1	Homo sapiens (human)
inositol heptakisphosphate kinase activity	Inositol hexakisphosphate kinase 1	Homo sapiens (human)
inositol hexakisphosphate 5-kinase activity	Inositol hexakisphosphate kinase 1	Homo sapiens (human)
protein binding	Inositol hexakisphosphate kinase 1	Homo sapiens (human)
ATP binding	Inositol hexakisphosphate kinase 1	Homo sapiens (human)
inositol hexakisphosphate 1-kinase activity	Inositol hexakisphosphate kinase 1	Homo sapiens (human)
inositol hexakisphosphate 3-kinase activity	Inositol hexakisphosphate kinase 1	Homo sapiens (human)
inositol 5-diphosphate pentakisphosphate 5-kinase activity	Inositol hexakisphosphate kinase 1	Homo sapiens (human)
inositol diphosphate tetrakisphosphate kinase activity	Inositol hexakisphosphate kinase 1	Homo sapiens (human)
[Information is prepared from geneontology information from the June-17-2024 release]

Ceullar Components (23)

Process	via Protein(s)	Taxonomy
extracellular space	Interferon beta	Homo sapiens (human)
extracellular region	Interferon beta	Homo sapiens (human)
Golgi membrane	HLA class I histocompatibility antigen, B alpha chain	Homo sapiens (human)
endoplasmic reticulum	HLA class I histocompatibility antigen, B alpha chain	Homo sapiens (human)
Golgi apparatus	HLA class I histocompatibility antigen, B alpha chain	Homo sapiens (human)
plasma membrane	HLA class I histocompatibility antigen, B alpha chain	Homo sapiens (human)
cell surface	HLA class I histocompatibility antigen, B alpha chain	Homo sapiens (human)
ER to Golgi transport vesicle membrane	HLA class I histocompatibility antigen, B alpha chain	Homo sapiens (human)
membrane	HLA class I histocompatibility antigen, B alpha chain	Homo sapiens (human)
secretory granule membrane	HLA class I histocompatibility antigen, B alpha chain	Homo sapiens (human)
phagocytic vesicle membrane	HLA class I histocompatibility antigen, B alpha chain	Homo sapiens (human)
early endosome membrane	HLA class I histocompatibility antigen, B alpha chain	Homo sapiens (human)
recycling endosome membrane	HLA class I histocompatibility antigen, B alpha chain	Homo sapiens (human)
extracellular exosome	HLA class I histocompatibility antigen, B alpha chain	Homo sapiens (human)
lumenal side of endoplasmic reticulum membrane	HLA class I histocompatibility antigen, B alpha chain	Homo sapiens (human)
MHC class I protein complex	HLA class I histocompatibility antigen, B alpha chain	Homo sapiens (human)
extracellular space	HLA class I histocompatibility antigen, B alpha chain	Homo sapiens (human)
external side of plasma membrane	HLA class I histocompatibility antigen, B alpha chain	Homo sapiens (human)
virion membrane	Spike glycoprotein	Severe acute respiratory syndrome-related coronavirus
fibrillar center	Inositol hexakisphosphate kinase 1	Homo sapiens (human)
nucleoplasm	Inositol hexakisphosphate kinase 1	Homo sapiens (human)
cytosol	Inositol hexakisphosphate kinase 1	Homo sapiens (human)
nucleus	Inositol hexakisphosphate kinase 1	Homo sapiens (human)
cytoplasm	Inositol hexakisphosphate kinase 1	Homo sapiens (human)
[Information is prepared from geneontology information from the June-17-2024 release]

Bioassays (33)

Assay ID	Title	Year	Journal	Article
AID1347105	qHTS of pediatric cancer cell lines to identify multiple opportunities for drug repurposing: Primary screen for MG 63 (6-TG R) cells	2018	Oncotarget, Jan-12, Volume: 9, Issue:4	Quantitative high-throughput phenotypic screening of pediatric cancer cell lines identifies multiple opportunities for drug repurposing.
AID1347083	qHTS for Inhibitors of the Functional Ribonucleoprotein Complex (vRNP) of Lassa (LASV) Arenavirus: Viability assay - alamar blue signal for LASV Primary Screen	2020	Antiviral research, 01, Volume: 173	A cell-based, infectious-free, platform to identify inhibitors of lassa virus ribonucleoprotein (vRNP) activity.
AID1347099	qHTS of pediatric cancer cell lines to identify multiple opportunities for drug repurposing: Primary screen for NB1643 cells	2018	Oncotarget, Jan-12, Volume: 9, Issue:4	Quantitative high-throughput phenotypic screening of pediatric cancer cell lines identifies multiple opportunities for drug repurposing.
AID1347097	qHTS of pediatric cancer cell lines to identify multiple opportunities for drug repurposing: Primary screen for Saos-2 cells	2018	Oncotarget, Jan-12, Volume: 9, Issue:4	Quantitative high-throughput phenotypic screening of pediatric cancer cell lines identifies multiple opportunities for drug repurposing.
AID1347154	Primary screen GU AMC qHTS for Zika virus inhibitors	2020	Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, 12-08, Volume: 117, Issue:49	Therapeutic candidates for the Zika virus identified by a high-throughput screen for Zika protease inhibitors.
AID1347104	qHTS of pediatric cancer cell lines to identify multiple opportunities for drug repurposing: Primary screen for RD cells	2018	Oncotarget, Jan-12, Volume: 9, Issue:4	Quantitative high-throughput phenotypic screening of pediatric cancer cell lines identifies multiple opportunities for drug repurposing.
AID1347093	qHTS of pediatric cancer cell lines to identify multiple opportunities for drug repurposing: Primary screen for SK-N-MC cells	2018	Oncotarget, Jan-12, Volume: 9, Issue:4	Quantitative high-throughput phenotypic screening of pediatric cancer cell lines identifies multiple opportunities for drug repurposing.
AID1296008	Cytotoxic Profiling of Annotated Libraries Using Quantitative High-Throughput Screening	2020	SLAS discovery : advancing life sciences R & D, 01, Volume: 25, Issue:1	Cytotoxic Profiling of Annotated and Diverse Chemical Libraries Using Quantitative High-Throughput Screening.
AID1347096	qHTS of pediatric cancer cell lines to identify multiple opportunities for drug repurposing: Primary screen for U-2 OS cells	2018	Oncotarget, Jan-12, Volume: 9, Issue:4	Quantitative high-throughput phenotypic screening of pediatric cancer cell lines identifies multiple opportunities for drug repurposing.
AID1347089	qHTS of pediatric cancer cell lines to identify multiple opportunities for drug repurposing: Primary screen for TC32 cells	2018	Oncotarget, Jan-12, Volume: 9, Issue:4	Quantitative high-throughput phenotypic screening of pediatric cancer cell lines identifies multiple opportunities for drug repurposing.
AID1347092	qHTS of pediatric cancer cell lines to identify multiple opportunities for drug repurposing: Primary screen for A673 cells	2018	Oncotarget, Jan-12, Volume: 9, Issue:4	Quantitative high-throughput phenotypic screening of pediatric cancer cell lines identifies multiple opportunities for drug repurposing.
AID1347098	qHTS of pediatric cancer cell lines to identify multiple opportunities for drug repurposing: Primary screen for SK-N-SH cells	2018	Oncotarget, Jan-12, Volume: 9, Issue:4	Quantitative high-throughput phenotypic screening of pediatric cancer cell lines identifies multiple opportunities for drug repurposing.
AID1347106	qHTS of pediatric cancer cell lines to identify multiple opportunities for drug repurposing: Primary screen for control Hh wild type fibroblast cells	2018	Oncotarget, Jan-12, Volume: 9, Issue:4	Quantitative high-throughput phenotypic screening of pediatric cancer cell lines identifies multiple opportunities for drug repurposing.
AID1347407	qHTS to identify inhibitors of the type 1 interferon - major histocompatibility complex class I in skeletal muscle: primary screen against the NCATS Pharmaceutical Collection	2020	ACS chemical biology, 07-17, Volume: 15, Issue:7	High-Throughput Screening to Identify Inhibitors of the Type I Interferon-Major Histocompatibility Complex Class I Pathway in Skeletal Muscle.
AID1347094	qHTS of pediatric cancer cell lines to identify multiple opportunities for drug repurposing: Primary screen for BT-37 cells	2018	Oncotarget, Jan-12, Volume: 9, Issue:4	Quantitative high-throughput phenotypic screening of pediatric cancer cell lines identifies multiple opportunities for drug repurposing.
AID1347425	Rhodamine-PBP qHTS Assay for Modulators of WT P53-Induced Phosphatase 1 (WIP1)	2019	The Journal of biological chemistry, 11-15, Volume: 294, Issue:46	Physiologically relevant orthogonal assays for the discovery of small-molecule modulators of WIP1 phosphatase in high-throughput screens.
AID1347107	qHTS of pediatric cancer cell lines to identify multiple opportunities for drug repurposing: Primary screen for Rh30 cells	2018	Oncotarget, Jan-12, Volume: 9, Issue:4	Quantitative high-throughput phenotypic screening of pediatric cancer cell lines identifies multiple opportunities for drug repurposing.
AID1745845	Primary qHTS for Inhibitors of ATXN expression
AID1347091	qHTS of pediatric cancer cell lines to identify multiple opportunities for drug repurposing: Primary screen for SJ-GBM2 cells	2018	Oncotarget, Jan-12, Volume: 9, Issue:4	Quantitative high-throughput phenotypic screening of pediatric cancer cell lines identifies multiple opportunities for drug repurposing.
AID1347108	qHTS of pediatric cancer cell lines to identify multiple opportunities for drug repurposing: Primary screen for Rh41 cells	2018	Oncotarget, Jan-12, Volume: 9, Issue:4	Quantitative high-throughput phenotypic screening of pediatric cancer cell lines identifies multiple opportunities for drug repurposing.
AID651635	Viability Counterscreen for Primary qHTS for Inhibitors of ATXN expression
AID1347103	qHTS of pediatric cancer cell lines to identify multiple opportunities for drug repurposing: Primary screen for OHS-50 cells	2018	Oncotarget, Jan-12, Volume: 9, Issue:4	Quantitative high-throughput phenotypic screening of pediatric cancer cell lines identifies multiple opportunities for drug repurposing.
AID1347101	qHTS of pediatric cancer cell lines to identify multiple opportunities for drug repurposing: Primary screen for BT-12 cells	2018	Oncotarget, Jan-12, Volume: 9, Issue:4	Quantitative high-throughput phenotypic screening of pediatric cancer cell lines identifies multiple opportunities for drug repurposing.
AID1347102	qHTS of pediatric cancer cell lines to identify multiple opportunities for drug repurposing: Primary screen for Rh18 cells	2018	Oncotarget, Jan-12, Volume: 9, Issue:4	Quantitative high-throughput phenotypic screening of pediatric cancer cell lines identifies multiple opportunities for drug repurposing.
AID1508630	Primary qHTS for small molecule stabilizers of the endoplasmic reticulum resident proteome: Secreted ER Calcium Modulated Protein (SERCaMP) assay	2021	Cell reports, 04-27, Volume: 35, Issue:4	A target-agnostic screen identifies approved drugs to stabilize the endoplasmic reticulum-resident proteome.
AID1347090	qHTS of pediatric cancer cell lines to identify multiple opportunities for drug repurposing: Primary screen for DAOY cells	2018	Oncotarget, Jan-12, Volume: 9, Issue:4	Quantitative high-throughput phenotypic screening of pediatric cancer cell lines identifies multiple opportunities for drug repurposing.
AID1347100	qHTS of pediatric cancer cell lines to identify multiple opportunities for drug repurposing: Primary screen for LAN-5 cells	2018	Oncotarget, Jan-12, Volume: 9, Issue:4	Quantitative high-throughput phenotypic screening of pediatric cancer cell lines identifies multiple opportunities for drug repurposing.
AID1347095	qHTS of pediatric cancer cell lines to identify multiple opportunities for drug repurposing: Primary screen for NB-EBc1 cells	2018	Oncotarget, Jan-12, Volume: 9, Issue:4	Quantitative high-throughput phenotypic screening of pediatric cancer cell lines identifies multiple opportunities for drug repurposing.
AID1347082	qHTS for Inhibitors of the Functional Ribonucleoprotein Complex (vRNP) of Lassa (LASV) Arenavirus: LASV Primary Screen - GLuc reporter signal	2020	Antiviral research, 01, Volume: 173	A cell-based, infectious-free, platform to identify inhibitors of lassa virus ribonucleoprotein (vRNP) activity.
AID1347424	RapidFire Mass Spectrometry qHTS Assay for Modulators of WT P53-Induced Phosphatase 1 (WIP1)	2019	The Journal of biological chemistry, 11-15, Volume: 294, Issue:46	Physiologically relevant orthogonal assays for the discovery of small-molecule modulators of WIP1 phosphatase in high-throughput screens.
AID1347086	qHTS for Inhibitors of the Functional Ribonucleoprotein Complex (vRNP) of Lymphocytic Choriomeningitis Arenaviruses (LCMV): LCMV Primary Screen - GLuc reporter signal	2020	Antiviral research, 01, Volume: 173	A cell-based, infectious-free, platform to identify inhibitors of lassa virus ribonucleoprotein (vRNP) activity.
AID1346987	P-glycoprotein substrates identified in KB-8-5-11 adenocarcinoma cell line, qHTS therapeutic library screen	2019	Molecular pharmacology, 11, Volume: 96, Issue:5	A High-Throughput Screen of a Library of Therapeutics Identifies Cytotoxic Substrates of P-glycoprotein.
AID1346986	P-glycoprotein substrates identified in KB-3-1 adenocarcinoma cell line, qHTS therapeutic library screen	2019	Molecular pharmacology, 11, Volume: 96, Issue:5	A High-Throughput Screen of a Library of Therapeutics Identifies Cytotoxic Substrates of P-glycoprotein.
[information is prepared from bioassay data collected from National Library of Medicine (NLM), extracted Dec-2023]

Research

Studies (186)

Timeframe	Studies, This Drug (%)	All Drugs %
pre-1990	0 (0.00)	18.7374
1990's	3 (1.61)	18.2507
2000's	43 (23.12)	29.6817
2010's	98 (52.69)	24.3611
2020's	42 (22.58)	2.80
[information is prepared from research data collected from National Library of Medicine (NLM), extracted Dec-2023]

Market Indicators

Research Demand Index: 82.82

According to the monthly volume, diversity, and competition of internet searches for this compound, as well the volume and growth of publications, there is estimated to be very strong demand-to-supply ratio for research on this compound.

Metric	This Compound (vs All)
Research Demand Index	82.82 (24.57)
Research Supply Index	5.50 (2.92)
Research Growth Index	5.96 (4.65)
Search Engine Demand Index	192.20 (26.88)
Search Engine Supply Index	2.67 (0.95)

This Compound (82.82)

All Compounds (24.57)

Study Types

Publication Type	This drug (%)	All Drugs (%)
Trials	46 (23.35%)	5.53%
Reviews	42 (21.32%)	6.00%
Case Studies	1 (0.51%)	4.05%
Observational	5 (2.54%)	0.25%
Other	103 (52.28%)	84.16%
[information is prepared from research data collected from National Library of Medicine (NLM), extracted Dec-2023]

Substance	Relationship Strength	Studies	Trials	Classes	Roles
adenine [no description available]	4.61	1	1	6-aminopurines; purine nucleobase	Daphnia magna metabolite; Escherichia coli metabolite; human metabolite; mouse metabolite; Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite
ammonium hydroxide azane : Saturated acyclic nitrogen hydrides having the general formula NnHn+2.	4.61	1	1	azane; gas molecular entity; mononuclear parent hydride	EC 3.5.1.4 (amidase) inhibitor; metabolite; mouse metabolite; neurotoxin; NMR chemical shift reference compound; nucleophilic reagent; refrigerant
methane Methane: The simplest saturated hydrocarbon. It is a colorless, flammable gas, slightly soluble in water. It is one of the chief constituents of natural gas and is formed in the decomposition of organic matter. (Grant & Hackh's Chemical Dictionary, 5th ed). methane : A one-carbon compound in which the carbon is attached by single bonds to four hydrogen atoms. It is a colourless, odourless, non-toxic but flammable gas (b.p. -161degreeC).	4.61	1	1	alkane; gas molecular entity; mononuclear parent hydride; one-carbon compound	bacterial metabolite; fossil fuel; greenhouse gas
citric acid, anhydrous Citric Acid: A key intermediate in metabolism. It is an acid compound found in citrus fruits. The salts of citric acid (citrates) can be used as anticoagulants due to their calcium chelating ability.. citric acid : A tricarboxylic acid that is propane-1,2,3-tricarboxylic acid bearing a hydroxy substituent at position 2. It is an important metabolite in the pathway of all aerobic organisms.	5.02	2	1	tricarboxylic acid	antimicrobial agent; chelator; food acidity regulator; fundamental metabolite
glycerol Moon: The natural satellite of the planet Earth. It includes the lunar cycles or phases, the lunar month, lunar landscapes, geography, and soil.	5.64	2	2	alditol; triol	algal metabolite; detergent; Escherichia coli metabolite; geroprotector; human metabolite; mouse metabolite; osmolyte; Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite; solvent
histamine [no description available]	4.61	1	1	aralkylamino compound; imidazoles	human metabolite; mouse metabolite; neurotransmitter
hydrogen Hydrogen: The first chemical element in the periodic table with atomic symbol H, and atomic number 1. Protium (atomic weight 1) is by far the most common hydrogen isotope. Hydrogen also exists as the stable isotope DEUTERIUM (atomic weight 2) and the radioactive isotope TRITIUM (atomic weight 3). Hydrogen forms into a diatomic molecule at room temperature and appears as a highly flammable colorless and odorless gas.. dihydrogen : An elemental molecule consisting of two hydrogens joined by a single bond.	4.61	1	1	elemental hydrogen; elemental molecule; gas molecular entity	antioxidant; electron donor; food packaging gas; fuel; human metabolite
thioctic acid Thioctic Acid: An octanoic acid bridged with two sulfurs so that it is sometimes also called a pentanoic acid in some naming schemes. It is biosynthesized by cleavage of LINOLEIC ACID and is a coenzyme of oxoglutarate dehydrogenase (KETOGLUTARATE DEHYDROGENASE COMPLEX). It is used in DIETARY SUPPLEMENTS.	3.59	1	1	dithiolanes; heterocyclic fatty acid; thia fatty acid	fundamental metabolite; geroprotector
nitrates Nitrates: Inorganic or organic salts and esters of nitric acid. These compounds contain the NO3- radical.	4.61	1	1	monovalent inorganic anion; nitrogen oxoanion; reactive nitrogen species
nitrites Nitrites: Salts of nitrous acid or compounds containing the group NO2-. The inorganic nitrites of the type MNO2 (where M=metal) are all insoluble, except the alkali nitrites. The organic nitrites may be isomeric, but not identical with the corresponding nitro compounds. (Grant & Hackh's Chemical Dictionary, 5th ed)	4.61	1	1	monovalent inorganic anion; nitrogen oxoanion; reactive nitrogen species	human metabolite
propylene glycol Propylene Glycol: A clear, colorless, viscous organic solvent and diluent used in pharmaceutical preparations.. propane-1,2-diol : The simplest member of the class of propane-1,2-diols, consisting of propane in which a hydrogen at position 1 and a hydrogen at position 2 are substituted by hydroxy groups. A colourless, viscous, hygroscopic, low-melting (-59degreeC) and high-boiling (188degreeC) liquid with low toxicity, it is used as a solvent, emulsifying agent, and antifreeze.	4.61	1	1	glycol; propane-1,2-diols	allergen; human xenobiotic metabolite; mouse metabolite; protic solvent
sulfur dioxide Sulfur Dioxide: A highly toxic, colorless, nonflammable gas. It is used as a pharmaceutical aid and antioxidant. It is also an environmental air pollutant.	4.61	1	1	sulfur oxide	Escherichia coli metabolite; food bleaching agent; refrigerant
8-hydroxy-2-(di-n-propylamino)tetralin 8-Hydroxy-2-(di-n-propylamino)tetralin: A serotonin 1A-receptor agonist that is used experimentally to test the effects of serotonin.. 8-OH-DPAT : A tetralin substituted at positions 1 and 7 by hydroxy and dipropylamino groups respectively	2.17	1	0	phenols; tertiary amino compound; tetralins	serotonergic antagonist
alfuzosin alfuzosin: structure given in first source	2.03	1	0	monocarboxylic acid amide; quinazolines; tetrahydrofuranol	alpha-adrenergic antagonist; antihypertensive agent; antineoplastic agent
clomipramine Clomipramine: A tricyclic antidepressant similar to IMIPRAMINE that selectively inhibits the uptake of serotonin in the brain. It is readily absorbed from the gastrointestinal tract and demethylated in the liver to form its primary active metabolite, desmethylclomipramine.. clomipramine : A dibenzoazepine that is 10,11-dihydro-5H-dibenzo[b,f]azepine which is substituted by chlorine at position 3 and in which the hydrogen attached to the nitrogen is replaced by a 3-(dimethylamino)propyl group. One of the more sedating tricyclic antidepressants, it is used as the hydrochloride salt for the treatment of depression as well as obsessive-compulsive disorder and phobias.	3.55	2	0	dibenzoazepine	anticoronaviral agent; antidepressant; EC 1.8.1.12 (trypanothione-disulfide reductase) inhibitor; serotonergic antagonist; serotonergic drug; serotonin uptake inhibitor
fluoxetine Fluoxetine: The first highly specific serotonin uptake inhibitor. It is used as an antidepressant and often has a more acceptable side-effects profile than traditional antidepressants.. fluoxetine : A racemate comprising equimolar amounts of (R)- and (S)-fluoxetine. A selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor (SSRI), it is used (generally as the hydrochloride salt) for the treatment of depression (and the depressive phase of bipolar disorder), bullimia nervosa, and obsessive-compulsive disorder.. N-methyl-3-phenyl-3-[4-(trifluoromethyl)phenoxy]propan-1-amine : An aromatic ether consisting of 4-trifluoromethylphenol in which the hydrogen of the phenolic hydroxy group is replaced by a 3-(methylamino)-1-phenylpropyl group.	7.21	1	0	(trifluoromethyl)benzenes; aromatic ether; secondary amino compound
lidocaine Lidocaine: A local anesthetic and cardiac depressant used as an antiarrhythmia agent. Its actions are more intense and its effects more prolonged than those of PROCAINE but its duration of action is shorter than that of BUPIVACAINE or PRILOCAINE.. lidocaine : The monocarboxylic acid amide resulting from the formal condensation of N,N-diethylglycine with 2,6-dimethylaniline.	12.11	6	1	benzenes; monocarboxylic acid amide; tertiary amino compound	anti-arrhythmia drug; drug allergen; environmental contaminant; local anaesthetic; xenobiotic
isoflurane Isoflurane: A stable, non-explosive inhalation anesthetic, relatively free from significant side effects.	4.61	1	1	organofluorine compound	inhalation anaesthetic
ketamine Ketamine: A cyclohexanone derivative used for induction of anesthesia. Its mechanism of action is not well understood, but ketamine can block NMDA receptors (RECEPTORS, N-METHYL-D-ASPARTATE) and may interact with sigma receptors.. ketamine : A member of the class of cyclohexanones in which one of the hydrogens at position 2 is substituted by a 2-chlorophenyl group, while the other is substituted by a methylamino group.	4.61	1	1	cyclohexanones; monochlorobenzenes; secondary amino compound	analgesic; environmental contaminant; intravenous anaesthetic; neurotoxin; NMDA receptor antagonist; xenobiotic
memantine [no description available]	4.61	1	1	adamantanes; primary aliphatic amine	antidepressant; antiparkinson drug; dopaminergic agent; neuroprotective agent; NMDA receptor antagonist
merbromin Merbromin: A once-popular mercury containing topical antiseptic.. merbromin : An organic sodium salt that is 2,7-dibromo-4-hydroxymercurifluorescein in which the carboxy group and the phenolic hydroxy group have been deprotonated and the resulting charge is neutralised by two sodium ions.	3.27	1	0
methadone Methadone: A synthetic opioid that is used as the hydrochloride. It is an opioid analgesic that is primarily a mu-opioid agonist. It has actions and uses similar to those of MORPHINE. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p1082-3). methadone : A racemate comprising equimolar amounts of dextromethadone and levomethadone. It is a opioid analgesic which is used as a painkiller and as a substitute for heroin in the treatment of heroin addiction.. 6-(dimethylamino)-4,4-diphenylheptan-3-one : A ketone that is heptan-3-one substituted by a dimethylamino group at position 6 and two phenyl groups at position 4.	4.61	1	1	benzenes; diarylmethane; ketone; tertiary amino compound
midazolam Midazolam: A short-acting hypnotic-sedative drug with anxiolytic and amnestic properties. It is used in dentistry, cardiac surgery, endoscopic procedures, as preanesthetic medication, and as an adjunct to local anesthesia. The short duration and cardiorespiratory stability makes it useful in poor-risk, elderly, and cardiac patients. It is water-soluble at pH less than 4 and lipid-soluble at physiological pH.. midazolam : An imidazobenzodiazepine that is 4H-imidazo[1,5-a][1,4]benzodiazepine which is substituted by a methyl, 2-fluorophenyl and chloro groups at positions 1, 6 and 8, respectively.	8.53	1	1	imidazobenzodiazepine; monofluorobenzenes; organochlorine compound	anticonvulsant; antineoplastic agent; anxiolytic drug; apoptosis inducer; central nervous system depressant; GABAA receptor agonist; general anaesthetic; muscle relaxant; sedative
prilocaine Prilocaine: A local anesthetic that is similar pharmacologically to LIDOCAINE. Currently, it is used most often for infiltration anesthesia in dentistry.. prilocaine : An amino acid amide in which N-propyl-DL-alanine and 2-methylaniline have combined to form the amide bond; used as a local anaesthetic.	5.55	5	0	amino acid amide; monocarboxylic acid amide	anticonvulsant; local anaesthetic
propranolol Propranolol: A widely used non-cardioselective beta-adrenergic antagonist. Propranolol has been used for MYOCARDIAL INFARCTION; ARRHYTHMIA; ANGINA PECTORIS; HYPERTENSION; HYPERTHYROIDISM; MIGRAINE; PHEOCHROMOCYTOMA; and ANXIETY but adverse effects instigate replacement by newer drugs.. propranolol : A propanolamine that is propan-2-ol substituted by a propan-2-ylamino group at position 1 and a naphthalen-1-yloxy group at position 3.	7.6	1	0	naphthalenes; propanolamine; secondary amine	anti-arrhythmia drug; antihypertensive agent; anxiolytic drug; beta-adrenergic antagonist; environmental contaminant; human blood serum metabolite; vasodilator agent; xenobiotic
corticosterone [no description available]	2.25	1	0	11beta-hydroxy steroid; 20-oxo steroid; 21-hydroxy steroid; 3-oxo-Delta(4) steroid; C21-steroid; glucocorticoid; primary alpha-hydroxy ketone	human metabolite; mouse metabolite
pilocarpine Pilocarpine: A slowly hydrolyzed muscarinic agonist with no nicotinic effects. Pilocarpine is used as a miotic and in the treatment of glaucoma.. (+)-pilocarpine : The (+)-enantiomer of pilocarpine.	2.03	1	0	pilocarpine	antiglaucoma drug
histidine Histidine: An essential amino acid that is required for the production of HISTAMINE.. L-histidine : The L-enantiomer of the amino acid histidine.. histidine : An alpha-amino acid that is propanoic acid bearing an amino substituent at position 2 and a 1H-imidazol-4-yl group at position 3.	4.61	1	1	amino acid zwitterion; histidine; L-alpha-amino acid; polar amino acid zwitterion; proteinogenic amino acid	algal metabolite; Escherichia coli metabolite; human metabolite; micronutrient; mouse metabolite; nutraceutical; Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite
ethylene Plastipore: high density polyethylene sponge biocompatible material; used as posts in dental bridges	4.61	1	1	alkene; gas molecular entity	plant hormone; refrigerant
acrylic acid acrylic acid: RN given refers to parent cpd. acrylic acid : A alpha,beta-unsaturated monocarboxylic acid that is ethene substituted by a carboxy group.	2.31	1	0	alpha,beta-unsaturated monocarboxylic acid	metabolite
1-naphthol 1-naphthol: RN given refers to parent cpd. 1-naphthol : A naphthol carrying a hydroxy group at position 1.. hydroxynaphthalene : Any member of the class of naphthalenes that is naphthalene carrying one or more hydroxy groups.	7.21	1	0	naphthol	genotoxin; human xenobiotic metabolite
quinoxalines quinoxaline : A naphthyridine in which the nitrogens are at positions 1 and 4.	4.61	1	1	mancude organic heterobicyclic parent; naphthyridine; ortho-fused heteroarene
1-phenethylamine 1-phenethylamine: RN given refers to cpd without isomeric designation. 1-phenylethylamine : A phenylethylamine that is ethylamine substituted by a phenyl group at position 1.	2.11	1	0	phenylethylamine	human metabolite
caprolactam Caprolactam: Cyclic amide of caproic acid used in manufacture of synthetic fibers of the polyamide type. Can cause local irritation.. epsilon-caprolactam : A member of the class of caprolactams that is azepane substituted by an oxo group at position 2.	4.61	1	1	caprolactams	human blood serum metabolite
thiophenes Thiophenes: A monocyclic heteroarene furan in which the oxygen atom is replaced by a sulfur.. thiophenes : Compounds containing at least one thiophene ring.	4.94	2	1	mancude organic heteromonocyclic parent; monocyclic heteroarene; thiophenes; volatile organic compound	non-polar solvent
isopropyl myristate isopropyl myristate: used for microemulsions; structure	4.61	1	1	fatty acid ester
2-naphthol 2-naphthol: RN given refers to parent cpd. 2-naphthol : A naphthol carrying a hydroxy group at position 2.. naphthols : Any hydroxynaphthalene derivative that has a single hydroxy substituent.	2.21	1	0	naphthol	antinematodal drug; genotoxin; human urinary metabolite; human xenobiotic metabolite; mouse metabolite; radical scavenger
ethyl acetate ethyl acetate : The acetate ester formed between acetic acid and ethanol.	2.25	1	0	acetate ester; ethyl ester; volatile organic compound	EC 3.4.19.3 (pyroglutamyl-peptidase I) inhibitor; metabolite; polar aprotic solvent; Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite
yohimbine Yohimbine: A plant alkaloid with alpha-2-adrenergic blocking activity. Yohimbine has been used as a mydriatic and in the treatment of ERECTILE DYSFUNCTION.. yohimbine : An indole alkaloid with alpha2-adrenoceptor antagonist activity. It is produced by Corynanthe johimbe and Rauwolfia serpentina.	3.18	1	0	methyl 17-hydroxy-20xi-yohimban-16-carboxylate	alpha-adrenergic antagonist; dopamine receptor D2 antagonist; serotonergic antagonist
quinazolines Quinazolines: A group of aromatic heterocyclic compounds that contain a bicyclic structure with two fused six-membered aromatic rings, a benzene ring and a pyrimidine ring.. quinazoline : A mancude organic heterobicyclic parent that is naphthalene in which the carbon atoms at positions 1 and 3 have been replaced by nitrogen atoms.. quinazolines : Any organic heterobicyclic compound based on a quinazoline skeleton and its substituted derivatives.	2.47	2	0	azaarene; mancude organic heterobicyclic parent; ortho-fused heteroarene; quinazolines
benzoxazoles 1,3-benzoxazole : A benzoxazole in which the benzene ring is fused to a 1,3-oxazole ring across positions 4 and 5.. benzoxazole : Compounds based on a fused 1,2- or 1,3-oxazole and benzene bicyclic ring skeleton.	4.61	1	1	1,3-benzoxazoles; mancude organic heterobicyclic parent
thiazoles [no description available]	4.61	1	1	1,3-thiazoles; mancude organic heteromonocyclic parent; monocyclic heteroarene
ephedrine Ephedrine: A phenethylamine found in EPHEDRA SINICA. PSEUDOEPHEDRINE is an isomer. It is an alpha- and beta-adrenergic agonist that may also enhance release of norepinephrine. It has been used for asthma, heart failure, rhinitis, and urinary incontinence, and for its central nervous system stimulatory effects in the treatment of narcolepsy and depression. It has become less extensively used with the advent of more selective agonists.. (-)-ephedrine : A phenethylamine alkaloid that is 2-phenylethanamine substituted by a methyl group at the amino nitrogen and a methyl and a hydroxy group at position 2 and 1 respectively.	2.11	1	0	phenethylamine alkaloid; phenylethanolamines	bacterial metabolite; environmental contaminant; nasal decongestant; plant metabolite; sympathomimetic agent; vasoconstrictor agent; xenobiotic
dihydrotestosterone Dihydrotestosterone: A potent androgenic metabolite of TESTOSTERONE. It is produced by the action of the enzyme 3-OXO-5-ALPHA-STEROID 4-DEHYDROGENASE.. 17beta-hydroxyandrostan-3-one : A 17beta-hydroxy steroid that is testosterone in which the 4-5 double bond has been reduced to a single bond with unspecified configuration at position 5.. 17beta-hydroxy-5alpha-androstan-3-one : A 17beta-hydroxy steroid that is testosterone in which the 4,5 double bond has been reduced to a single bond with alpha-configuration at position 5.	2.13	1	0	17beta-hydroxy steroid; 17beta-hydroxyandrostan-3-one; 3-oxo-5alpha-steroid	androgen; Daphnia magna metabolite; human metabolite; mouse metabolite
muscone muscone: structure in first source	4.61	1	1
deoxycytidine [no description available]	4.61	1	1	pyrimidine 2'-deoxyribonucleoside	Escherichia coli metabolite; human metabolite; mouse metabolite; Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite
1,2-epoxyhexane [no description available]	4.61	1	1
n-methylaspartate N-Methylaspartate: An amino acid that, as the D-isomer, is the defining agonist for the NMDA receptor subtype of glutamate receptors (RECEPTORS, NMDA).. N-methyl-D-aspartic acid : An aspartic acid derivative having an N-methyl substituent and D-configuration.	2.15	1	0	amino dicarboxylic acid; D-alpha-amino acid; D-aspartic acid derivative; secondary amino compound	neurotransmitter agent
silver Silver: An element with the atomic symbol Ag, atomic number 47, and atomic weight 107.87. It is a soft metal that is used medically in surgical instruments, dental prostheses, and alloys. Long-continued use of silver salts can lead to a form of poisoning known as ARGYRIA.	4.61	1	1	copper group element atom; elemental silver	Escherichia coli metabolite
thulium Thulium: An element of the rare earth family of metals. It has the atomic symbol Tm, atomic number 69, and atomic weight 168.93.	4.61	1	1	f-block element atom; lanthanoid atom
titanium Titanium: A dark-gray, metallic element of widespread distribution but occurring in small amounts with atomic number, 22, atomic weight, 47.867 and symbol, Ti; specific gravity, 4.5; used for fixation of fractures.	4.61	1	1	titanium group element atom
uranium Uranium: A radioactive element of the actinide series of metals. It has an atomic symbol U, atomic number 92, and atomic weight 238.03. U-235 is used as the fissionable fuel in nuclear weapons and as fuel in nuclear power reactors.	4.61	1	1	actinoid atom; f-block element atom; monoatomic uranium
galactose aldohexose : A hexose with a (potential) aldehyde group at one end.	4.61	1	1
ozone Ozone: The unstable triatomic form of oxygen, O3. It is a powerful oxidant that is produced for various chemical and industrial uses. Its production is also catalyzed in the ATMOSPHERE by ULTRAVIOLET RAY irradiation of oxygen or other ozone precursors such as VOLATILE ORGANIC COMPOUNDS and NITROGEN OXIDES. About 90% of the ozone in the atmosphere exists in the stratosphere (STRATOSPHERIC OZONE).. ozone : An elemental molecule with formula O3. An explosive, pale blue gas (b.p. -112degreeC) that has a characteristic, pungent odour, it is continuously produced in the upper atmosphere by the action of solar ultraviolet radiation on atmospheric oxygen. It is an antimicrobial agent used in the production of bottled water, as well as in the treatment of meat, poultry and other foodstuffs.	4.61	1	1	elemental molecule; gas molecular entity; reactive oxygen species; triatomic oxygen	antiseptic drug; disinfectant; electrophilic reagent; greenhouse gas; mutagen; oxidising agent; tracer
phenyl acetate phenyl acetate: The ester formed between phenol and acetic acid. Don't confuse with phenylacetic acid derivatives listed under PHENYLACETATES.. phenyl acetate : An acetate ester obtained by the formal condensation of phenol with acetic acid.	2.25	1	0	benzenes; phenyl acetates
3-phenyl-1-propanol [no description available]	7.05	1	0	monocyclic arene
pregnanolone Pregnanolone: A pregnane found in the urine of pregnant women and sows. It has anesthetic, hypnotic, and sedative properties.. 3alpha-hydroxy-5beta-pregnan-20-one : The 3alpha-stereoisomer of 3-hydroxy-5beta-pregnan-20-one.	7.6	1	0	3-hydroxy-5beta-pregnan-20-one; 3alpha-hydroxy steroid	human metabolite; intravenous anaesthetic; sedative
glutamic acid Glutamic Acid: A non-essential amino acid naturally occurring in the L-form. Glutamic acid is the most common excitatory neurotransmitter in the CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM.. glutamic acid : An alpha-amino acid that is glutaric acid bearing a single amino substituent at position 2.	2.15	1	0	glutamic acid; glutamine family amino acid; L-alpha-amino acid; proteinogenic amino acid	Escherichia coli metabolite; ferroptosis inducer; micronutrient; mouse metabolite; neurotransmitter; nutraceutical
tramadol Tramadol: A narcotic analgesic proposed for severe pain. It may be habituating.. tramadol : A racemate consisting of equal amounts of (R,R)- and (S,S)-tramadol. A centrally acting synthetic opioid analgesic, used (as the hydrochloride salt) to treat moderately severe pain. The (R,R)-enantiomer exhibits ten-fold higher analgesic potency than the (S,S)-enantiomer. Originally developed by Gruenenthal GmbH and launched in 1977, it was subsequently isolated from the root bark of the South African tree Nauclea latifolia.. (R,R)-tramadol : A 2-[(dimethylamino)methyl]-1-(3-methoxyphenyl)cyclohexanol in which both stereocentres have R-configuration; the (R,R)-enantiomer of the racemic opioid analgesic tramadol, it exhibits ten-fold higher analgesic potency than the (S,S)-enantiomer.	4.93	4	0	2-[(dimethylamino)methyl]-1-(3-methoxyphenyl)cyclohexanol	adrenergic uptake inhibitor; antitussive; capsaicin receptor antagonist; delta-opioid receptor agonist; kappa-opioid receptor agonist; metabolite; mu-opioid receptor agonist; muscarinic antagonist; nicotinic antagonist; NMDA receptor antagonist; opioid analgesic; serotonergic antagonist; serotonin uptake inhibitor
paclitaxel Taxus: Genus of coniferous yew trees or shrubs, several species of which have medicinal uses. Notable is the Pacific yew, Taxus brevifolia, which is used to make the anti-neoplastic drug taxol (PACLITAXEL).	4.61	1	1	taxane diterpenoid; tetracyclic diterpenoid	antineoplastic agent; human metabolite; metabolite; microtubule-stabilising agent
paroxetine Paroxetine: A serotonin uptake inhibitor that is effective in the treatment of depression.. paroxetine : A benzodioxole that consists of piperidine bearing 1,3-benzodioxol-5-yloxy)methyl and 4-fluorophenyl substituents at positions 3 and 4 respectively; the (3S,4R)-diastereomer. Highly potent and selective 5-HT uptake inhibitor that binds with high affinity to the serotonin transporter (Ki = 0.05 nM). Ki values are 1.1, 350 and 1100 nM for inhibition of [3H]-5-HT, [3H]-l-NA and [3H]-DA uptake respectively. Displays minimal affinity for alpha1-, alpha2- or beta-adrenoceptors, 5-HT2A, 5-HT1A, D2 or H1 receptors at concentrations below 1000 nM, however displays weak affinity for muscarinic ACh receptors (Ki = 42 nM). Antidepressant and anxiolytic in vivo.	7.93	7	2	aromatic ether; benzodioxoles; organofluorine compound; piperidines	antidepressant; anxiolytic drug; hepatotoxic agent; P450 inhibitor; serotonin uptake inhibitor
finasteride Finasteride: An orally active 3-OXO-5-ALPHA-STEROID 4-DEHYDROGENASE inhibitor. It is used as a surgical alternative for treatment of benign PROSTATIC HYPERPLASIA.. finasteride : An aza-steroid that is a synthetic drug for the treatment of benign prostatic hyperplasia.	2.13	1	0	3-oxo steroid; aza-steroid; delta-lactam	androgen antagonist; antihyperplasia drug; EC 1.3.1.22 [3-oxo-5alpha-steroid 4-dehydrogenase (NADP(+))] inhibitor
gemcitabine gemcitabine : A 2'-deoxycytidine having geminal fluoro substituents in the 2'-position. An inhibitor of ribonucleotide reductase, gemcitabine is used in the treatment of various carcinomas, particularly non-small cell lung cancer, pancreatic cancer, bladder cancer and breast cancer.	4.61	1	1	organofluorine compound; pyrimidine 2'-deoxyribonucleoside	antimetabolite; antineoplastic agent; antiviral drug; DNA synthesis inhibitor; EC 1.17.4.1 (ribonucleoside-diphosphate reductase) inhibitor; environmental contaminant; immunosuppressive agent; photosensitizing agent; prodrug; radiosensitizing agent; xenobiotic
duloxetine hydrochloride Duloxetine Hydrochloride: A thiophene derivative and selective NEUROTRANSMITTER UPTAKE INHIBITOR for SEROTONIN and NORADRENALINE (SNRI). It is an ANTIDEPRESSIVE AGENT and ANXIOLYTIC, and is also used for the treatment of pain in patients with DIABETES MELLITUS and FIBROMYALGIA.. (S)-duloxetine hydrochloride : A duloxetine hydrochloride in which the duloxetine moiety has S configuration.	2.49	2	0	duloxetine hydrochloride	antidepressant
baicalin [no description available]	4.61	1	1	dihydroxyflavone; glucosiduronic acid; glycosyloxyflavone; monosaccharide derivative	antiatherosclerotic agent; antibacterial agent; anticoronaviral agent; antineoplastic agent; antioxidant; cardioprotective agent; EC 2.7.7.48 (RNA-directed RNA polymerase) inhibitor; EC 3.4.21.26 (prolyl oligopeptidase) inhibitor; ferroptosis inhibitor; neuroprotective agent; non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug; plant metabolite; prodrug
sertraline Sertraline: A selective serotonin uptake inhibitor that is used in the treatment of depression.. sertraline : A member of the class of tetralins that is tetralin which is substituted at positions 1 and 4 by a methylamino and a 3,4-dichlorophenyl group, respectively (the S,S diastereoisomer). A selective serotonin-reuptake inhibitor (SSRI), it is administered orally as the hydrochloride salt as an antidepressant for the treatment of depression, obsessive-compulsive disorder, panic disorder and post-traumatic stress disorder.	9.51	2	2	dichlorobenzene; secondary amino compound; tetralins	antidepressant; serotonin uptake inhibitor
voriconazole Voriconazole: A triazole antifungal agent that specifically inhibits STEROL 14-ALPHA-DEMETHYLASE and CYTOCHROME P-450 CYP3A.. voriconazole : A triazole-based antifungal agent used for the treatment of esophageal candidiasis, invasive pulmonary aspergillosis, and serious fungal infections caused by Scedosporium apiospermum and Fusarium spp. It is an inhibitor of cytochrome P450 2C9 (CYP2C9) and CYP3A4.	4.61	1	1	conazole antifungal drug; difluorobenzene; pyrimidines; tertiary alcohol; triazole antifungal drug	P450 inhibitor
nicotine (S)-nicotine : A 3-(1-methylpyrrolidin-2-yl)pyridine in which the chiral centre has S-configuration. The naturally occurring and most active enantiomer of nicotine, isolated from Nicotiana tabacum.	4.61	1	1	3-(1-methylpyrrolidin-2-yl)pyridine	anxiolytic drug; biomarker; immunomodulator; mitogen; neurotoxin; nicotinic acetylcholine receptor agonist; peripheral nervous system drug; phytogenic insecticide; plant metabolite; psychotropic drug; teratogenic agent; xenobiotic
lopinavir [no description available]	4.61	1	1	amphetamines; dicarboxylic acid diamide	anticoronaviral agent; antiviral drug; HIV protease inhibitor
1,n(6)-ethenoadenine 1,N(6)-ethenoadenine: biologically active fluorescent derivatives of this cpd potentially valuable in studies concerning interactions between adenine cpds & various enzymes for which they serve as substrates or co-factors; structure	4.61	1	1	imidazo[2,1-i]purine	mutagen
thiamethoxam Thiamethoxam: A nitro-oxazine and thiazole derivative that is used as a broad spectrum neonicotinoid insecticide.. thiamethoxam : An oxadiazane that is tetrahydro-N-nitro-4H-1,3,5-oxadiazin-4-imine bearing (2-chloro-1,3-thiazol-5-yl)methyl and methyl substituents at positions 3 and 5 respectively.	4.61	1	1	1,3-thiazoles; 2-nitroguanidine derivative; organochlorine compound; oxadiazane	antifeedant; carcinogenic agent; environmental contaminant; neonicotinoid insectide; xenobiotic
eudragit-e Eudragit-E: a cationic polymer, used as a embolic material for arteriovenous malformations and as a taste masker	2.31	1	0
tadalafil [no description available]	4.83	6	1	benzodioxoles; pyrazinopyridoindole	EC 3.1.4.35 (3',5'-cyclic-GMP phosphodiesterase) inhibitor; vasodilator agent
yohimbane yohimbane: from Gelsemium elegans; structure in first source	2.11	1	0	indole alkaloid fundamental parent; indole alkaloid; yohimban alkaloid
peroxynitrous acid Peroxynitrous Acid: A potent oxidant synthesized by the cell during its normal metabolism. Peroxynitrite is formed from the reaction of two free radicals, NITRIC OXIDE and the superoxide anion (SUPEROXIDES).	4.61	1	1	nitrogen oxoacid
imatinib mesylate imatinib methanesulfonate : A methanesulfonate (mesylate) salt that is the monomesylate salt of imatinib. Used for treatment of chronic myelogenous leukemia and gastrointestinal stromal tumours.	4.61	1	1	methanesulfonate salt	anticoronaviral agent; antineoplastic agent; apoptosis inducer; tyrosine kinase inhibitor
gefitinib [no description available]	4.61	1	1	aromatic ether; monochlorobenzenes; monofluorobenzenes; morpholines; quinazolines; secondary amino compound; tertiary amino compound	antineoplastic agent; epidermal growth factor receptor antagonist
tamsulosin [no description available]	5.1	3	3	5-(2-{[2-(2-ethoxyphenoxy)ethyl]amino}propyl)-2-methoxybenzenesulfonamide	alpha-adrenergic antagonist; antineoplastic agent
calcium borate calcium borate: RN given refers to cpd with MF CaB4O7	4.61	1	1
docetaxel anhydrous Docetaxel: A semisynthetic analog of PACLITAXEL used in the treatment of locally advanced or metastatic BREAST NEOPLASMS and NON-SMALL CELL LUNG CANCER.. docetaxel anhydrous : A tetracyclic diterpenoid that is paclitaxel with the N-benzyloxycarbonyl group replaced by N-tert-butoxycarbonyl, and the acetoxy group at position 10 replaced by a hydroxy group.	4.61	1	1	secondary alpha-hydroxy ketone; tetracyclic diterpenoid	antimalarial; antineoplastic agent; photosensitizing agent
evodiamine [no description available]	7.13	1	0	beta-carbolines
moxifloxacin Moxifloxacin: A fluoroquinolone that acts as an inhibitor of DNA TOPOISOMERASE II and is used as a broad-spectrum antibacterial agent.. moxifloxacin : A quinolone that consists of 4-oxo-1,4-dihydroquinoline-3-carboxylic acid bearing a cyclopropyl substituent at position 1, a fluoro substitiuent at position 6, a (4aS,7aS)-octahydro-6H-pyrrolo[3,4-b]pyridin-6-yl group at position 7 and a methoxy substituent at position 8. A member of the fluoroquinolone class of antibacterial agents.	8.43	1	1	aromatic ether; cyclopropanes; fluoroquinolone antibiotic; pyrrolidinopiperidine; quinolinemonocarboxylic acid; quinolone antibiotic; quinolone	antibacterial drug
ritonavir Ritonavir: An HIV protease inhibitor that works by interfering with the reproductive cycle of HIV. It also inhibits CYTOCHROME P-450 CYP3A.. ritonavir : An L-valine derivative that is L-valinamide in which alpha-amino group has been acylated by a [(2-isopropyl-1,3-thiazol-4-yl)methyl]methylcarbamoyl group and in which a hydrogen of the carboxamide amino group has been replaced by a (2R,4S,5S)-4-hydroxy-1,6-diphenyl-5-{[(1,3-thiazol-5-ylmethoxy)carbonyl]amino}hexan-2-yl group. A CYP3A inhibitor and antiretroviral drug from the protease inhibitor class used to treat HIV infection and AIDS, it is often used as a fixed-dose combination with another protease inhibitor, lopinavir. Also used in combination with dasabuvir sodium hydrate, ombitasvir and paritaprevir (under the trade name Viekira Pak) for treatment of chronic hepatitis C virus genotype 1 infection as well as cirrhosis of the liver.	4.61	1	1	1,3-thiazoles; carbamate ester; carboxamide; L-valine derivative; ureas	antiviral drug; environmental contaminant; HIV protease inhibitor; xenobiotic
permanganate [no description available]	4.61	1	1	manganese oxoacid
carboplatin [no description available]	4.61	1	1
betadex beta-Cyclodextrins: Cyclic GLUCANS consisting of seven (7) glucopyranose units linked by 1,4-glycosidic bonds.	2.41	1	0	cyclodextrin
tretinoin Tretinoin: An important regulator of GENE EXPRESSION during growth and development, and in NEOPLASMS. Tretinoin, also known as retinoic acid and derived from maternal VITAMIN A, is essential for normal GROWTH; and EMBRYONIC DEVELOPMENT. An excess of tretinoin can be teratogenic. It is used in the treatment of PSORIASIS; ACNE VULGARIS; and several other SKIN DISEASES. It has also been approved for use in promyelocytic leukemia (LEUKEMIA, PROMYELOCYTIC, ACUTE).. retinoic acid : A retinoid consisting of 3,7-dimethylnona-2,4,6,8-tetraenoic acid substituted at position 9 by a 2,6,6-trimethylcyclohex-1-en-1-yl group (geometry of the four exocyclic double bonds is not specified).. all-trans-retinoic acid : A retinoic acid in which all four exocyclic double bonds have E- (trans-) geometry.	4.61	1	1	retinoic acid; vitamin A	anti-inflammatory agent; antineoplastic agent; antioxidant; AP-1 antagonist; human metabolite; keratolytic drug; retinoic acid receptor agonist; retinoid X receptor agonist; signalling molecule
2,3-bis(bromomethyl)quinoxaline-1,4-dioxide conoidin A: inhibits the peroxiredoxin TgPrx11; structure in first source	4.61	1	1
nitrogen dioxide Nitrogen Dioxide: Nitrogen oxide (NO2). A highly poisonous gas. Exposure produces inflammation of lungs that may only cause slight pain or pass unnoticed, but resulting edema several days later may cause death. (From Merck, 11th ed) It is a major atmospheric pollutant that is able to absorb UV light that does not reach the earth's surface.	4.61	1	1	nitrogen oxide
alprostadil [no description available]	4.06	2	0	prostaglandins E	anticoagulant; human metabolite; platelet aggregation inhibitor; vasodilator agent
cholecalciferol Cholecalciferol: Derivative of 7-dehydroxycholesterol formed by ULTRAVIOLET RAYS breaking of the C9-C10 bond. It differs from ERGOCALCIFEROL in having a single bond between C22 and C23 and lacking a methyl group at C24.. calciol : A hydroxy seco-steroid that is (5Z,7E)-9,10-secocholesta-5,7,10(19)-triene in which the pro-S hydrogen at position 3 has been replaced by a hydroxy group. It is the inactive form of vitamin D3, being hydroxylated in the liver to calcidiol (25-hydroxyvitamin D3), which is then further hydroxylated in the kidney to give calcitriol (1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3), the active hormone.	4.61	1	1	D3 vitamins; hydroxy seco-steroid; seco-cholestane; secondary alcohol; steroid hormone	geroprotector; human metabolite
baicalein [no description available]	4.61	1	1	trihydroxyflavone	angiogenesis inhibitor; anti-inflammatory agent; antibacterial agent; anticoronaviral agent; antifungal agent; antineoplastic agent; antioxidant; apoptosis inducer; EC 1.13.11.31 (arachidonate 12-lipoxygenase) inhibitor; EC 1.13.11.33 (arachidonate 15-lipoxygenase) inhibitor; EC 3.4.21.26 (prolyl oligopeptidase) inhibitor; EC 3.4.22.69 (SARS coronavirus main proteinase) inhibitor; EC 4.1.1.17 (ornithine decarboxylase) inhibitor; ferroptosis inhibitor; geroprotector; hormone antagonist; plant metabolite; prostaglandin antagonist; radical scavenger
dothiepin hydrochloride Dothiepin: A tricyclic antidepressant with some tranquilizing action.	3.27	1	0	dothiepin
menaquinone 6 menaquinone 6: RN given refers to (all-E)-isomer	4.61	1	1
sirolimus Sirolimus: A macrolide compound obtained from Streptomyces hygroscopicus that acts by selectively blocking the transcriptional activation of cytokines thereby inhibiting cytokine production. It is bioactive only when bound to IMMUNOPHILINS. Sirolimus is a potent immunosuppressant and possesses both antifungal and antineoplastic properties.. sirolimus : A macrolide lactam isolated from Streptomyces hygroscopicus consisting of a 29-membered ring containing 4 trans double bonds, three of which are conjugated. It is an antibiotic, immunosupressive and antineoplastic agent.	4.61	1	1	antibiotic antifungal drug; cyclic acetal; cyclic ketone; ether; macrolide lactam; organic heterotricyclic compound; secondary alcohol	antibacterial drug; anticoronaviral agent; antineoplastic agent; bacterial metabolite; geroprotector; immunosuppressive agent; mTOR inhibitor
gamma-cyclodextrin gamma-cyclodextrin : A cycloamylose composed of eight alpha-(1->4) linked D-glucopyranose units.	7.07	1	0	cyclodextrin
menaquinone 7 menaquinone-7 : A menaquinone whose side-chain contains seven isoprene units in an all-trans-configutation.	4.61	1	1	menaquinone	bone density conservation agent; cofactor; Escherichia coli metabolite; human blood serum metabolite; Mycoplasma genitalium metabolite
lead Lead: A soft, grayish metal with poisonous salts; atomic number 82, atomic weight 207.2, symbol Pb.	4.61	1	1	carbon group element atom; elemental lead; metal atom	neurotoxin
arsenic Arsenic: A shiny gray element with atomic symbol As, atomic number 33, and atomic weight 75. It occurs throughout the universe, mostly in the form of metallic arsenides. Most forms are toxic. According to the Fourth Annual Report on Carcinogens (NTP 85-002, 1985), arsenic and certain arsenic compounds have been listed as known carcinogens. (From Merck Index, 11th ed)	4.61	1	1	metalloid atom; pnictogen	micronutrient
phosphorus Phosphorus: A non-metal element that has the atomic symbol P, atomic number 15, and atomic weight 31. It is an essential element that takes part in a broad variety of biochemical reactions.	4.61	1	1	monoatomic phosphorus; nonmetal atom; pnictogen	macronutrient
axitinib [no description available]	4.61	1	1	aryl sulfide; benzamides; indazoles; pyridines	antineoplastic agent; tyrosine kinase inhibitor; vascular endothelial growth factor receptor antagonist
avanafil [no description available]	7.25	1	0	aromatic amide; monocarboxylic acid amide; organochlorine compound; prolinols; pyrimidines	EC 3.1.4.* (phosphoric diester hydrolase) inhibitor; vasodilator agent
psd 502 Lidocaine, Prilocaine Drug Combination: A topical local anesthetic preparation that is composed of a mixture of lidocaine and prilocaine. It is used to provide anesthesia during minor surgery and for the treatment of PREMATURE EJACULATION.	5.2	4	0
sorbitan monooleate [no description available]	4.61	1	1	fatty acid ester
pitolisant pitolisant: functions as both inverse agonist and antagonist of histamine H3 receptors; structure in first source	4.61	1	1	organochlorine compound
vortioxetine Vortioxetine: A piperazine derivative that acts as a serotonin reuptake inhibitor, as a 5-HT3 receptor antagonist, and 5-HT1A receptor agonist. It is used for the treatment of anxiety and depression.. vortioxetine : An N-arylpiperazine in which the aryl group is specified as 2-[(2,4-dimethylphenyl)sulfanyl]phenyl. Used (as its hydrobromide salt) for treatment of major depressive disorder.	2.63	2	0	aryl sulfide; N-arylpiperazine	antidepressant; anxiolytic drug; serotonergic agonist; serotonergic antagonist
erythrosine Erythrosine: A tetraiodofluorescein used as a red coloring in some foods (cherries, fish), as a disclosure of DENTAL PLAQUE, and as a stain of some cell types. It has structural similarity to THYROXINE.. erythrosin B : An organic sodium salt that is the disodium salt of 2-(2,4,5,7-tetraiodo-6-oxido-3-oxo-8a,10a-dihydroxanthen-9-yl)benzoic acid.	7.31	1	0
glucagon Glucagon: A 29-amino acid pancreatic peptide derived from proglucagon which is also the precursor of intestinal GLUCAGON-LIKE PEPTIDES. Glucagon is secreted by PANCREATIC ALPHA CELLS and plays an important role in regulation of BLOOD GLUCOSE concentration, ketone metabolism, and several other biochemical and physiological processes. (From Gilman et al., Goodman and Gilman's The Pharmacological Basis of Therapeutics, 9th ed, p1511). glucagon : A 29-amino acid peptide hormone consisting of His, Ser, Gln, Gly, Thr, Phe, Thr, Ser, Asp, Tyr, Ser, Lys, Tyr, Leu, Asp, Ser, Arg, Arg, Ala, Gln, Asp, Phe, Val, Gln, Trp, Leu, Met, Asn and Thr residues joined in sequence.	4.61	1	1	peptide hormone
cellulose DEAE-Cellulose: Cellulose derivative used in chromatography, as ion-exchange material, and for various industrial applications.	4.61	1	1	glycoside
chitosan [no description available]	4.61	1	1
glycolipids [no description available]	4.61	1	1
piperidines Piperidines: A family of hexahydropyridines.	4.61	1	1
interleukin-8 Interleukin-8: A member of the CXC chemokine family that plays a role in the regulation of the acute inflammatory response. It is secreted by variety of cell types and induces CHEMOTAXIS of NEUTROPHILS and other inflammatory cells.	4.61	1	1
5-(4-amino-1-propan-2-yl-3-pyrazolo[3,4-d]pyrimidinyl)-1,3-benzoxazol-2-amine sapanisertib: an mTOR inhibitor	4.61	1	1	benzoxazole
heme Heme: The color-furnishing portion of hemoglobin. It is found free in tissues and as the prosthetic group in many hemeproteins.. ferroheme : Any iron(II)--porphyrin coordination complex.. ferroheme b : Heme b in which the iron has oxidation state +2.. heme : A heme is any tetrapyrrolic chelate of iron.	4.61	1	1
catalpol catalpol: component of dihuang; RN given refers to (1aS-(1aalpha,1bbeta,2beta,5abeta,6beta,6aalpha))-isomer; RN for cpd without isomeric designation not avail 12/92	4.61	1	1
sildenafil citrate Sildenafil Citrate: A PHOSPHODIESTERASE TYPE-5 INHIBITOR; VASODILATOR AGENT and UROLOGICAL AGENT that is used in the treatment of ERECTILE DYSFUNCTION and PRIMARY PULMONARY HYPERTENSION.. sildenafil citrate : The citrate salt of sildenafil.	11.78	6	1	citrate salt	EC 3.1.4.35 (3',5'-cyclic-GMP phosphodiesterase) inhibitor; vasodilator agent
da 8159 udenafil: a pyrazolo-pyrimidinone similar to sildenafil; phosphodiesterase type 5 inhibitor;	3.5	1	1	sulfonamide
vardenafil dihydrochloride Vardenafil Dihydrochloride: A piperazine derivative, PHOSPHODIESTERASE 5 INHIBITOR and VASODILATOR AGENT that is used as a UROLOGICAL AGENT in the treatment of ERECTILE DYSFUNCTION.	2.11	1	0
mirodenafil mirodenafil: an erectogenic agent; structure in first source. mirodenafil : A member of the class of pyrrolopyrimidines that is 3,5-dihydro-4H-pyrrolo[3,2-d]pyrimidin-4-one having a 5-{[4-(2-hydroxyethyl)piperazin-1-yl]sulfonyl}-2-propoxyphenyl group at positon 2, ethyl group at position 5, and a propyl group at position 7. It is a phosphodiesterase type 5 inhibitor which is used for the treatment of erectile dysfunction.	8.47	1	1	aromatic ether; N-alkylpiperazine; primary alcohol; pyrrolopyrimidine; sulfonamide	EC 3.1.4.35 (3',5'-cyclic-GMP phosphodiesterase) inhibitor; vasodilator agent
maltodextrin maltodextrin : A dextrin in which the D-glucose units are linked by alpha-(1->4) glycosidic bonds.	3.7	1	1
acetylcellulose acetylcellulose: coating compound. cellulose acetate : A glucan derivative obtained through the esterification of cellulose by acetic anhydride or acetic acid, resulting in the substitution of some of the hydroxy groups of cellulose by acetyl groups. It is used in a variety of applications including base material for photographic film, clothing, membrane filters, coatings, food packaging, and as a frame material for eyeglasses.	4.61	1	1
pyrimidinones Pyrimidinones: Heterocyclic compounds known as 2-pyrimidones (or 2-hydroxypyrimidines) and 4-pyrimidones (or 4-hydroxypyrimidines) with the general formula C4H4N2O.	3.47	1	1

Condition	Indicated	Relationship Strength	Studies	Trials
Congenital Zika Syndrome [description not available]	0	2.25	1	0
Disease Models, Animal Naturally-occurring or experimentally-induced animal diseases with pathological processes analogous to human diseases.	0	16.18	84	81
Zika Virus Infection A viral disease transmitted by the bite of AEDES mosquitoes infected with ZIKA VIRUS. Its mild DENGUE-like symptoms include fever, rash, headaches and ARTHRALGIA. The viral infection during pregnancy, in rare cases, is associated with congenital brain and ocular abnormalities, called Congenital Zika Syndrome, including MICROCEPHALY and may also lead to GUILLAIN-BARRE SYNDROME.	0	2.25	1	0
Ejaculatio Praecox [description not available]	0	15.08	62	22
Premature Ejaculation The emission of SEMEN and seminal fluid during the act of preparation for sexual intercourse, i.e. before there is penetration, or shortly after penetration.	0	15.08	62	22
Dizzyness [description not available]	0	4.8	2	1
Bilateral Headache [description not available]	0	6.32	4	2
Nasopharyngitis Inflammation of the NASOPHARYNX, usually including its mucosa, related lymphoid structure, and glands.	0	3.12	1	0
Diarrhea An increased liquidity or decreased consistency of FECES, such as running stool. Fecal consistency is related to the ratio of water-holding capacity of insoluble solids to total water, rather than the amount of water present. Diarrhea is not hyperdefecation or increased fecal weight.	0	3.93	2	0
Dizziness An imprecise term which may refer to a sense of spatial disorientation, motion of the environment, or lightheadedness.	0	4.8	2	1
Headache The symptom of PAIN in the cranial region. It may be an isolated benign occurrence or manifestation of a wide variety of HEADACHE DISORDERS.	0	6.32	4	2
Nausea An unpleasant sensation in the stomach usually accompanied by the urge to vomit. Common causes are early pregnancy, sea and motion sickness, emotional stress, intense pain, food poisoning, and various enteroviruses.	0	3.93	2	0
Acute Rheumatic Fever [description not available]	0	2.25	1	0
Disease Exacerbation [description not available]	0	14.65	49	49
Birth Weight The mass or quantity of heaviness of an individual at BIRTH. It is expressed by units of pounds or kilograms.	0	4.43	1	1
Body Weight The mass or quantity of heaviness of an individual. It is expressed by units of pounds or kilograms.	0	4.43	1	1
Recrudescence [description not available]	0	4.43	1	1
Diffuse Parenchymal Lung Disease [description not available]	0	4.43	1	1
Hibernation, Myocardial [description not available]	0	4.43	1	1
Tuberculosis, Drug-Resistant [description not available]	0	4.43	1	1
Infections, Coronavirus [description not available]	0	9.74	9	9
Chronic Hepatitis B [description not available]	0	4.43	1	1
Anterior Cerebral Circulation Infarction [description not available]	0	4.43	1	1
Apoplexy [description not available]	0	4.43	1	1
Diffuse Lymphocytic Lymphoma, Poorly-Differentiated [description not available]	0	4.43	1	1
Airflow Obstruction, Chronic [description not available]	0	4.43	1	1
Ductal Carcinoma [description not available]	0	4.43	1	1
Gastrointestinal Stromal Neoplasm [description not available]	0	4.43	1	1
Complications of Diabetes Mellitus [description not available]	0	4.43	1	1
Overweight A status with BODY WEIGHT that is above certain standards. In the scale of BODY MASS INDEX, overweight is defined as having a BMI of 25.0-29.9 kg/m2. Overweight may or may not be due to increases in body fat (ADIPOSE TISSUE), hence overweight does not equal over fat.	0	4.43	1	1
Atherogenesis [description not available]	0	7.55	4	4
Bone Fractures [description not available]	0	4.43	1	1
Chronic Kidney Diseases [description not available]	0	7.55	4	4
Primary Graft Dysfunction A form of ischemia-reperfusion injury occurring in the early period following transplantation. Significant pathophysiological changes in MITOCHONDRIA are the main cause of the dysfunction. It is most often seen in the transplanted lung, liver, or kidney and can lead to GRAFT REJECTION.	0	4.43	1	1
Lung Injury, Acute [description not available]	0	4.43	1	1
Airway Remodeling The structural changes in the number, mass, size and/or composition of the airway tissues.	0	4.43	1	1
Atheroma [description not available]	0	4.43	1	1
Lower Urinary Tract Symptom [description not available]	0	4.43	1	1
Carcinogenesis The origin, production or development of cancer through genotypic and phenotypic changes which upset the normal balance between cell proliferation and cell death. Carcinogenesis generally requires a constellation of steps, which may occur quickly or over a period of many years.	0	9.74	9	9
Adolescent Obesity [description not available]	0	4.43	1	1
Allergic Rhinitis [description not available]	0	4.43	1	1
Thyroid Cancer, Anaplastic [description not available]	0	4.43	1	1
Encephalopathy, Traumatic [description not available]	0	4.43	1	1
Familial Nonmedullary Thyroid Cancer [description not available]	0	4.43	1	1
Esophageal Squamous Cell Carcinoma A carcinoma that originates usually from cells on the surface of the middle and lower third of the ESOPHAGUS. Tumor cells exhibit typical squamous morphology and form large polypoid lesions. Mutations in RNF6, LZTS1, TGFBR2, DEC1, and WWOX1 genes are associated with this cancer.	0	4.43	1	1
2019 Novel Coronavirus Disease [description not available]	0	9.74	9	9
Adenocarcinoma, Basal Cell [description not available]	0	4.43	1	1
Acute Confusional Senile Dementia [description not available]	0	7.55	4	4
Anoxemia [description not available]	0	4.43	1	1
Rheumatoid Arthritis [description not available]	0	4.43	1	1
Asthma, Bronchial [description not available]	0	4.43	1	1
Amaurosis [description not available]	0	4.43	1	1
Bone Loss, Osteoclastic [description not available]	0	4.43	1	1
Benign Neoplasms, Brain [description not available]	0	4.43	1	1
Breast Cancer [description not available]	0	9.74	9	9
Carcinoma, Ehrlich Tumor A transplantable, poorly differentiated malignant tumor which appeared originally as a spontaneous breast carcinoma in a mouse. It grows in both solid and ascitic forms.	0	4.43	1	1
Carcinoma, Non-Small Cell Lung [description not available]	0	4.43	1	1
Adenocarcinoma Of Kidney [description not available]	0	7.55	4	4
Cell Transformation, Neoplastic Cell changes manifested by escape from control mechanisms, increased growth potential, alterations in the cell surface, karyotypic abnormalities, morphological and biochemical deviations from the norm, and other attributes conferring the ability to invade, metastasize, and kill.	0	4.43	1	1
Clostridioides difficile Infection [description not available]	0	4.43	1	1
Alloxan Diabetes [description not available]	0	4.43	1	1
Autoimmune Diabetes [description not available]	0	4.43	1	1
Diabetes Mellitus, Adult-Onset [description not available]	0	4.43	1	1
Anasarca [description not available]	0	4.43	1	1
Cutis Elastica [description not available]	0	4.43	1	1
E coli Infections [description not available]	0	4.43	1	1
Cancer of Esophagus [description not available]	0	4.43	1	1
Exanthem [description not available]	0	4.43	1	1
Glial Cell Tumors [description not available]	0	4.43	1	1
Cardiac Failure [description not available]	0	11.38	16	16
Extravascular Hemolysis [description not available]	0	4.43	1	1
Bleeding [description not available]	0	4.43	1	1
Hepatitis B Virus Infection [description not available]	0	7.55	4	4
Hepatocellular Carcinoma [description not available]	0	7.55	4	4
Fasting Hypoglycemia HYPOGLYCEMIA expressed in the postabsorptive state, after prolonged FASTING, or an overnight fast.	0	4.43	1	1
Innate Inflammatory Response [description not available]	0	11.38	16	16
Chronic Insomnia [description not available]	0	4.43	1	1
Hypermobility, Joint [description not available]	0	4.43	1	1
Chronic Kidney Failure [description not available]	0	4.43	1	1
Cancer of Kidney [description not available]	0	7.55	4	4
Cirrhosis, Liver [description not available]	0	4.43	1	1
Cancer of Liver [description not available]	0	7.55	4	4
Cancer of Lung [description not available]	0	4.43	1	1
B16 Melanoma [description not available]	0	4.43	1	1
Muscle Disorders [description not available]	0	4.43	1	1
Metastase [description not available]	0	7.55	4	4
Benign Neoplasms [description not available]	0	7.55	4	4
Morbid Obesity [description not available]	0	4.43	1	1
Age-Related Osteoporosis [description not available]	0	7.55	4	4
Cancer of Ovary [description not available]	0	4.43	1	1
Cancer of Pancreas [description not available]	0	9.74	9	9
Experimental Lung Inflammation Inflammation of any part, segment or lobe, of the lung parenchyma.	0	4.43	1	1
Prediabetes [description not available]	0	4.43	1	1
Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome [description not available]	0	4.43	1	1
Acute Hypercapnic Respiratory Failure [description not available]	0	4.43	1	1
Cancer of Salivary Gland [description not available]	0	4.43	1	1
Hemorrhagic Shock [description not available]	0	4.43	1	1
Cancer of Skin [description not available]	0	4.43	1	1
Blood Clot [description not available]	0	4.43	1	1
Cancer of the Thyroid [description not available]	0	4.43	1	1
Pulmonary Consumption [description not available]	0	4.43	1	1
Deficiency, Vitamin D [description not available]	0	4.43	1	1
Injuries Used with anatomic headings, animals, and sports for wounds and injuries. Excludes cell damage, for which pathology is used.	0	4.43	1	1
Injury, Ischemia-Reperfusion [description not available]	0	4.43	1	1
HIV Coinfection [description not available]	0	4.43	1	1
Bone Loss, Perimenopausal [description not available]	0	4.43	1	1
Bacterial Infections, Gram-Negative [description not available]	0	7.55	4	4
Carcinoma, Ductal, Pancreatic [description not available]	0	4.43	1	1
Hangman Fracture [description not available]	0	4.43	1	1
Idiopathic Interstitial Pneumonia [description not available]	0	4.43	1	1
Eye Infections, Fungal Infection by a variety of fungi, usually through four possible mechanisms: superficial infection producing conjunctivitis, keratitis, or lacrimal obstruction; extension of infection from neighboring structures - skin, paranasal sinuses, nasopharynx; direct introduction during surgery or accidental penetrating trauma; or via the blood or lymphatic routes in patients with underlying mycoses.	0	4.43	1	1
Local Neoplasm Recurrence [description not available]	0	9.74	9	9
Invasiveness, Neoplasm [description not available]	0	4.43	1	1
Cell Transformation, Viral An inheritable change in cells manifested by changes in cell division and growth and alterations in cell surface properties. It is induced by infection with a transforming virus.	0	4.43	1	1
Delayed Effects, Prenatal Exposure [description not available]	0	4.87	2	1
Brain Injuries, Traumatic A form of acquired brain injury which occurs when a sudden trauma causes damage to the brain.	0	4.43	1	1
Adenocarcinoma A malignant epithelial tumor with a glandular organization.	0	4.43	1	1
Aging The gradual irreversible changes in structure and function of an organism that occur as a result of the passage of time.	0	5.33	2	2
Albuminuria The presence of albumin in the urine, an indicator of KIDNEY DISEASES.	0	4.43	1	1
Alzheimer Disease A degenerative disease of the BRAIN characterized by the insidious onset of DEMENTIA. Impairment of MEMORY, judgment, attention span, and problem solving skills are followed by severe APRAXIAS and a global loss of cognitive abilities. The condition primarily occurs after age 60, and is marked pathologically by severe cortical atrophy and the triad of SENILE PLAQUES; NEUROFIBRILLARY TANGLES; and NEUROPIL THREADS. (From Adams et al., Principles of Neurology, 6th ed, pp1049-57)	0	7.55	4	4
Hypoxia Sub-optimal OXYGEN levels in the ambient air of living organisms.	0	4.43	1	1
Arthritis, Rheumatoid A chronic systemic disease, primarily of the joints, marked by inflammatory changes in the synovial membranes and articular structures, widespread fibrinoid degeneration of the collagen fibers in mesenchymal tissues, and by atrophy and rarefaction of bony structures. Etiology is unknown, but autoimmune mechanisms have been implicated.	0	4.43	1	1
Asthma A form of bronchial disorder with three distinct components: airway hyper-responsiveness (RESPIRATORY HYPERSENSITIVITY), airway INFLAMMATION, and intermittent AIRWAY OBSTRUCTION. It is characterized by spasmodic contraction of airway smooth muscle, WHEEZING, and dyspnea (DYSPNEA, PAROXYSMAL).	0	4.43	1	1
Blindness The inability to see or the loss or absence of perception of visual stimuli. This condition may be the result of EYE DISEASES; OPTIC NERVE DISEASES; OPTIC CHIASM diseases; or BRAIN DISEASES affecting the VISUAL PATHWAYS or OCCIPITAL LOBE.	0	4.43	1	1
Brain Neoplasms Neoplasms of the intracranial components of the central nervous system, including the cerebral hemispheres, basal ganglia, hypothalamus, thalamus, brain stem, and cerebellum. Brain neoplasms are subdivided into primary (originating from brain tissue) and secondary (i.e., metastatic) forms. Primary neoplasms are subdivided into benign and malignant forms. In general, brain tumors may also be classified by age of onset, histologic type, or presenting location in the brain.	0	4.43	1	1
Breast Neoplasms Tumors or cancer of the human BREAST.	0	9.74	9	9
Carcinoma, Non-Small-Cell Lung A heterogeneous aggregate of at least three distinct histological types of lung cancer, including SQUAMOUS CELL CARCINOMA; ADENOCARCINOMA; and LARGE CELL CARCINOMA. They are dealt with collectively because of their shared treatment strategy.	0	4.43	1	1
Carcinoma, Renal Cell A heterogeneous group of sporadic or hereditary carcinoma derived from cells of the KIDNEYS. There are several subtypes including the clear cells, the papillary, the chromophobe, the collecting duct, the spindle cells (sarcomatoid), or mixed cell-type carcinoma.	0	7.55	4	4
Cardiovascular Diseases Pathological conditions involving the CARDIOVASCULAR SYSTEM including the HEART; the BLOOD VESSELS; or the PERICARDIUM.	0	7.55	4	4
Clostridium Infections Infections with bacteria of the genus CLOSTRIDIUM and closely related CLOSTRIDIOIDES species.	0	4.43	1	1
Colitis Inflammation of the COLON section of the large intestine (INTESTINE, LARGE), usually with symptoms such as DIARRHEA (often with blood and mucus), ABDOMINAL PAIN, and FEVER.	0	4.43	1	1
Connective Tissue Diseases A heterogeneous group of disorders, some hereditary, others acquired, characterized by abnormal structure or function of one or more of the elements of connective tissue, i.e., collagen, elastin, or the mucopolysaccharides.	0	4.43	1	1
Diabetes Mellitus A heterogeneous group of disorders characterized by HYPERGLYCEMIA and GLUCOSE INTOLERANCE.	0	4.43	1	1
Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1 A subtype of DIABETES MELLITUS that is characterized by INSULIN deficiency. It is manifested by the sudden onset of severe HYPERGLYCEMIA, rapid progression to DIABETIC KETOACIDOSIS, and DEATH unless treated with insulin. The disease may occur at any age, but is most common in childhood or adolescence.	0	4.43	1	1
Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 A subclass of DIABETES MELLITUS that is not INSULIN-responsive or dependent (NIDDM). It is characterized initially by INSULIN RESISTANCE and HYPERINSULINEMIA; and eventually by GLUCOSE INTOLERANCE; HYPERGLYCEMIA; and overt diabetes. Type II diabetes mellitus is no longer considered a disease exclusively found in adults. Patients seldom develop KETOSIS but often exhibit OBESITY.	0	4.43	1	1
Edema Abnormal fluid accumulation in TISSUES or body cavities. Most cases of edema are present under the SKIN in SUBCUTANEOUS TISSUE.	0	4.43	1	1
Ehlers-Danlos Syndrome A heterogeneous group of autosomally inherited COLLAGEN DISEASES caused by defects in the synthesis or structure of FIBRILLAR COLLAGEN. There are numerous subtypes: classical, hypermobility, vascular, and others. Common clinical features include hyperextensible skin and joints, skin fragility and reduced wound healing capability.	0	4.43	1	1
Escherichia coli Infections Infections with bacteria of the species ESCHERICHIA COLI.	0	4.43	1	1
Esophageal Neoplasms Tumors or cancer of the ESOPHAGUS.	0	4.43	1	1
Exanthema Diseases in which skin eruptions or rashes are a prominent manifestation. Classically, six such diseases were described with similar rashes; they were numbered in the order in which they were reported. Only the fourth (Duke's disease), fifth (ERYTHEMA INFECTIOSUM), and sixth (EXANTHEMA SUBITUM) numeric designations survive as occasional synonyms in current terminology.	0	4.43	1	1
Glioma Benign and malignant central nervous system neoplasms derived from glial cells (i.e., astrocytes, oligodendrocytes, and ependymocytes). Astrocytes may give rise to astrocytomas (ASTROCYTOMA) or glioblastoma multiforme (see GLIOBLASTOMA). Oligodendrocytes give rise to oligodendrogliomas (OLIGODENDROGLIOMA) and ependymocytes may undergo transformation to become EPENDYMOMA; CHOROID PLEXUS NEOPLASMS; or colloid cysts of the third ventricle. (From Escourolle et al., Manual of Basic Neuropathology, 2nd ed, p21)	0	4.43	1	1
Heart Failure A heterogeneous condition in which the heart is unable to pump out sufficient blood to meet the metabolic need of the body. Heart failure can be caused by structural defects, functional abnormalities (VENTRICULAR DYSFUNCTION), or a sudden overload beyond its capacity. Chronic heart failure is more common than acute heart failure which results from sudden insult to cardiac function, such as MYOCARDIAL INFARCTION.	0	11.38	16	16
Hemolysis The destruction of ERYTHROCYTES by many different causal agents such as antibodies, bacteria, chemicals, temperature, and changes in tonicity.	0	4.43	1	1
Hemorrhage Bleeding or escape of blood from a vessel.	0	4.43	1	1
Hepatitis B INFLAMMATION of the LIVER in humans caused by a member of the ORTHOHEPADNAVIRUS genus, HEPATITIS B VIRUS. It is primarily transmitted by parenteral exposure, such as transfusion of contaminated blood or blood products, but can also be transmitted via sexual or intimate personal contact.	0	7.55	4	4
Carcinoma, Hepatocellular A primary malignant neoplasm of epithelial liver cells. It ranges from a well-differentiated tumor with EPITHELIAL CELLS indistinguishable from normal HEPATOCYTES to a poorly differentiated neoplasm. The cells may be uniform or markedly pleomorphic, or form GIANT CELLS. Several classification schemes have been suggested.	0	7.55	4	4
Hypoglycemia A syndrome of abnormally low BLOOD GLUCOSE level. Clinical hypoglycemia has diverse etiologies. Severe hypoglycemia eventually lead to glucose deprivation of the CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM resulting in HUNGER; SWEATING; PARESTHESIA; impaired mental function; SEIZURES; COMA; and even DEATH.	0	4.43	1	1
Inflammation A pathological process characterized by injury or destruction of tissues caused by a variety of cytologic and chemical reactions. It is usually manifested by typical signs of pain, heat, redness, swelling, and loss of function.	0	11.38	16	16
Sleep Initiation and Maintenance Disorders Disorders characterized by impairment of the ability to initiate or maintain sleep. This may occur as a primary disorder or in association with another medical or psychiatric condition.	0	4.43	1	1
Kidney Failure, Chronic The end-stage of CHRONIC RENAL INSUFFICIENCY. It is characterized by the severe irreversible kidney damage (as measured by the level of PROTEINURIA) and the reduction in GLOMERULAR FILTRATION RATE to less than 15 ml per min (Kidney Foundation: Kidney Disease Outcome Quality Initiative, 2002). These patients generally require HEMODIALYSIS or KIDNEY TRANSPLANTATION.	0	4.43	1	1
Kidney Neoplasms Tumors or cancers of the KIDNEY.	0	7.55	4	4
Liver Cirrhosis Liver disease in which the normal microcirculation, the gross vascular anatomy, and the hepatic architecture have been variably destroyed and altered with fibrous septa surrounding regenerated or regenerating parenchymal nodules.	0	4.43	1	1
Liver Neoplasms Tumors or cancer of the LIVER.	0	7.55	4	4
Lung Neoplasms Tumors or cancer of the LUNG.	0	4.43	1	1
Muscular Diseases Acquired, familial, and congenital disorders of SKELETAL MUSCLE and SMOOTH MUSCLE.	0	4.43	1	1
Necrosis The death of cells in an organ or tissue due to disease, injury or failure of the blood supply.	0	4.43	1	1
Neoplasm Metastasis The transfer of a neoplasm from one organ or part of the body to another remote from the primary site.	0	7.55	4	4
Neoplasms New abnormal growth of tissue. Malignant neoplasms show a greater degree of anaplasia and have the properties of invasion and metastasis, compared to benign neoplasms.	0	7.55	4	4
Neuroblastoma A common neoplasm of early childhood arising from neural crest cells in the sympathetic nervous system, and characterized by diverse clinical behavior, ranging from spontaneous remission to rapid metastatic progression and death. This tumor is the most common intraabdominal malignancy of childhood, but it may also arise from thorax, neck, or rarely occur in the central nervous system. Histologic features include uniform round cells with hyperchromatic nuclei arranged in nests and separated by fibrovascular septa. Neuroblastomas may be associated with the opsoclonus-myoclonus syndrome. (From DeVita et al., Cancer: Principles and Practice of Oncology, 5th ed, pp2099-2101; Curr Opin Oncol 1998 Jan;10(1):43-51)	0	4.43	1	1
Obesity A status with BODY WEIGHT that is grossly above the recommended standards, usually due to accumulation of excess FATS in the body. The standards may vary with age, sex, genetic or cultural background. In the BODY MASS INDEX, a BMI greater than 30.0 kg/m2 is considered obese, and a BMI greater than 40.0 kg/m2 is considered morbidly obese (MORBID OBESITY).	0	9.74	9	9
Obesity, Morbid The condition of weighing two, three, or more times the ideal weight, so called because it is associated with many serious and life-threatening disorders. In the BODY MASS INDEX, morbid obesity is defined as having a BMI greater than 40.0 kg/m2.	0	4.43	1	1
Osteoporosis Reduction of bone mass without alteration in the composition of bone, leading to fractures. Primary osteoporosis can be of two major types: postmenopausal osteoporosis (OSTEOPOROSIS, POSTMENOPAUSAL) and age-related or senile osteoporosis.	0	7.55	4	4
Ovarian Neoplasms Tumors or cancer of the OVARY. These neoplasms can be benign or malignant. They are classified according to the tissue of origin, such as the surface EPITHELIUM, the stromal endocrine cells, and the totipotent GERM CELLS.	0	4.43	1	1
Pancreatic Neoplasms Tumors or cancer of the PANCREAS. Depending on the types of ISLET CELLS present in the tumors, various hormones can be secreted: GLUCAGON from PANCREATIC ALPHA CELLS; INSULIN from PANCREATIC BETA CELLS; and SOMATOSTATIN from the SOMATOSTATIN-SECRETING CELLS. Most are malignant except the insulin-producing tumors (INSULINOMA).	0	9.74	9	9
Pneumonia Infection of the lung often accompanied by inflammation.	0	4.43	1	1
Pneumonia, Viral Inflammation of the lung parenchyma that is caused by a viral infection.	0	9.74	9	9
Prediabetic State The time period before the development of symptomatic diabetes. For example, certain risk factors can be observed in subjects who subsequently develop INSULIN RESISTANCE as in type 2 diabetes (DIABETES MELLITUS, TYPE 2).	0	4.43	1	1
Pregnancy The status during which female mammals carry their developing young (EMBRYOS or FETUSES) in utero before birth, beginning from FERTILIZATION to BIRTH.	0	11.44	17	16
Respiratory Distress Syndrome A syndrome characterized by progressive life-threatening RESPIRATORY INSUFFICIENCY in the absence of known LUNG DISEASES, usually following a systemic insult such as surgery or major TRAUMA.	0	4.43	1	1
Respiratory Insufficiency Failure to adequately provide oxygen to cells of the body and to remove excess carbon dioxide from them. (Stedman, 25th ed)	0	4.43	1	1
Salivary Gland Neoplasms Tumors or cancer of the SALIVARY GLANDS.	0	4.43	1	1
Skin Neoplasms Tumors or cancer of the SKIN.	0	4.43	1	1
Thrombosis Formation and development of a thrombus or blood clot in the blood vessel.	0	4.43	1	1
Thyroid Neoplasms Tumors or cancer of the THYROID GLAND.	0	4.43	1	1
Tuberculosis, Pulmonary MYCOBACTERIUM infections of the lung.	0	4.43	1	1
Uveitis Inflammation of part or all of the uvea, the middle (vascular) tunic of the eye, and commonly involving the other tunics (sclera and cornea, and the retina). (Dorland, 27th ed)	0	4.43	1	1
Vitamin D Deficiency A nutritional condition produced by a deficiency of VITAMIN D in the diet, insufficient production of vitamin D in the skin, inadequate absorption of vitamin D from the diet, or abnormal conversion of vitamin D to its bioactive metabolites. It is manifested clinically as RICKETS in children and OSTEOMALACIA in adults. (From Cecil Textbook of Medicine, 19th ed, p1406)	0	4.43	1	1
Wounds and Injuries Damage inflicted on the body as the direct or indirect result of an external force, with or without disruption of structural continuity.	0	4.43	1	1
Reperfusion Injury Adverse functional, metabolic, or structural changes in tissues that result from the restoration of blood flow to the tissue (REPERFUSION) following ISCHEMIA.	0	4.43	1	1
HIV Infections Includes the spectrum of human immunodeficiency virus infections that range from asymptomatic seropositivity, thru AIDS-related complex (ARC), to acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS).	0	4.43	1	1
Osteoporosis, Postmenopausal Metabolic disorder associated with fractures of the femoral neck, vertebrae, and distal forearm. It occurs commonly in women within 15-20 years after menopause, and is caused by factors associated with menopause including estrogen deficiency.	0	4.43	1	1
Spinal Fractures Broken bones in the vertebral column.	0	4.43	1	1
Gram-Negative Bacterial Infections Infections caused by bacteria that show up as pink (negative) when treated by the gram-staining method.	0	7.55	4	4
Lung Diseases, Interstitial A diverse group of lung diseases that affect the lung parenchyma. They are characterized by an initial inflammation of PULMONARY ALVEOLI that extends to the interstitium and beyond leading to diffuse PULMONARY FIBROSIS. Interstitial lung diseases are classified by their etiology (known or unknown causes), and radiological-pathological features.	0	4.43	1	1
Tuberculosis, Multidrug-Resistant Tuberculosis resistant to chemotherapy with two or more ANTITUBERCULAR AGENTS, including at least ISONIAZID and RIFAMPICIN. The problem of resistance is particularly troublesome in tuberculous OPPORTUNISTIC INFECTIONS associated with HIV INFECTIONS. It requires the use of second line drugs which are more toxic than the first line regimens. TB with isolates that have developed further resistance to at least three of the six classes of second line drugs is defined as EXTENSIVELY DRUG-RESISTANT TUBERCULOSIS.	0	4.43	1	1
Coronavirus Infections Virus diseases caused by the CORONAVIRUS genus. Some specifics include transmissible enteritis of turkeys (ENTERITIS, TRANSMISSIBLE, OF TURKEYS); FELINE INFECTIOUS PERITONITIS; and transmissible gastroenteritis of swine (GASTROENTERITIS, TRANSMISSIBLE, OF SWINE).	0	9.74	9	9
Hepatitis B, Chronic INFLAMMATION of the LIVER in humans caused by HEPATITIS B VIRUS lasting six months or more. It is primarily transmitted by parenteral exposure, such as transfusion of contaminated blood or blood products, but can also be transmitted via sexual or intimate personal contact.	0	4.43	1	1
Brain Infarction Tissue NECROSIS in any area of the brain, including the CEREBRAL HEMISPHERES, the CEREBELLUM, and the BRAIN STEM. Brain infarction is the result of a cascade of events initiated by inadequate blood flow through the brain that is followed by HYPOXIA and HYPOGLYCEMIA in brain tissue. Damage may be temporary, permanent, selective or pan-necrosis.	0	4.43	1	1
Stroke A group of pathological conditions characterized by sudden, non-convulsive loss of neurological function due to BRAIN ISCHEMIA or INTRACRANIAL HEMORRHAGES. Stroke is classified by the type of tissue NECROSIS, such as the anatomic location, vasculature involved, etiology, age of the affected individual, and hemorrhagic vs. non-hemorrhagic nature. (From Adams et al., Principles of Neurology, 6th ed, pp777-810)	0	4.43	1	1
Lymphoma, Mantle-Cell A form of non-Hodgkin lymphoma having a usually diffuse pattern with both small and medium lymphocytes and small cleaved cells. It accounts for about 5% of adult non-Hodgkin lymphomas in the United States and Europe. The majority of mantle-cell lymphomas are associated with a t(11;14) translocation resulting in overexpression of the CYCLIN D1 gene (GENES, BCL-1).	0	4.43	1	1
Carcinoma, Pancreatic Ductal Carcinoma that arises from the PANCREATIC DUCTS. It accounts for the majority of cancers derived from the PANCREAS.	0	4.43	1	1
Pulmonary Disease, Chronic Obstructive A disease of chronic diffuse irreversible airflow obstruction. Subcategories of COPD include CHRONIC BRONCHITIS and PULMONARY EMPHYSEMA.	0	4.43	1	1
Carcinoma, Ductal Malignant neoplasms involving the ductal systems of any of a number of organs, such as the MAMMARY GLANDS, the PANCREAS, the PROSTATE, or the LACRIMAL GLAND.	0	4.43	1	1
Gastrointestinal Stromal Tumors All tumors in the GASTROINTESTINAL TRACT arising from mesenchymal cells (MESODERM) except those of smooth muscle cells (LEIOMYOMA) or Schwann cells (SCHWANNOMA).	0	4.43	1	1
Atherosclerosis A thickening and loss of elasticity of the walls of ARTERIES that occurs with formation of ATHEROSCLEROTIC PLAQUES within the ARTERIAL INTIMA.	0	7.55	4	4
Fractures, Bone Breaks in bones.	0	4.43	1	1
Renal Insufficiency, Chronic Conditions in which the KIDNEYS perform below the normal level for more than three months. Chronic kidney insufficiency is classified by five stages according to the decline in GLOMERULAR FILTRATION RATE and the degree of kidney damage (as measured by the level of PROTEINURIA). The most severe form is the end-stage renal disease (CHRONIC KIDNEY FAILURE). (Kidney Foundation: Kidney Disease Outcome Quality Initiative, 2002)	0	7.55	4	4
Acute Lung Injury A condition of lung damage that is characterized by bilateral pulmonary infiltrates (PULMONARY EDEMA) rich in NEUTROPHILS, and in the absence of clinical HEART FAILURE. This can represent a spectrum of pulmonary lesions, endothelial and epithelial, due to numerous factors (physical, chemical, or biological).	0	4.43	1	1
Rhinitis, Allergic An inflammation of the NASAL MUCOSA triggered by ALLERGENS.	0	4.43	1	1
Thyroid Carcinoma, Anaplastic An aggressive THYROID GLAND malignancy which generally occurs in IODINE-deficient areas in people with previous thyroid pathology such as GOITER. It is associated with CELL DEDIFFERENTIATION of THYROID CARCINOMA (e.g., FOLLICULAR THYROID CARCINOMA; PAPILLARY THYROID CANCER). Typical initial presentation is a rapidly growing neck mass which upon metastasis is associated with DYSPHAGIA; NECK PAIN; bone pain; DYSPNEA; and NEUROLOGIC DEFICITS.	0	4.43	1	1
Sensitivity and Specificity Binary classification measures to assess test results. Sensitivity or recall rate is the proportion of true positives. Specificity is the probability of correctly determining the absence of a condition. (From Last, Dictionary of Epidemiology, 2d ed)	0	2.58	2	0
Depression Depressive states usually of moderate intensity in contrast with MAJOR DEPRESSIVE DISORDER present in neurotic and psychotic disorders.	0	3.4	2	0
Cholera Infantum [description not available]	0	3.7	1	1
Acute Bacterial Prostatitis [description not available]	0	3.59	1	1
Prostatitis Infiltration of inflammatory cells into the parenchyma of PROSTATE. The subtypes are classified by their varied laboratory analysis, clinical presentation and response to treatment.	0	8.59	1	1
Adverse Drug Event [description not available]	0	3.93	2	0
Drug-Related Side Effects and Adverse Reactions Disorders that result from the intended use of PHARMACEUTICAL PREPARATIONS. Included in this heading are a broad variety of chemically-induced adverse conditions due to toxicity, DRUG INTERACTIONS, and metabolic effects of pharmaceuticals.	0	3.93	2	0
Impotence [description not available]	0	12.04	19	11
Erectile Dysfunction The inability in the male to have a PENILE ERECTION due to psychological or organ dysfunction.	1	14.04	19	11
Hypergonadotropic Hypogonadism [description not available]	0	3.4	2	0
Hypogonadism Condition resulting from deficient gonadal functions, such as GAMETOGENESIS and the production of GONADAL STEROID HORMONES. It is characterized by delay in GROWTH, germ cell maturation, and development of secondary sex characteristics. Hypogonadism can be due to a deficiency of GONADOTROPINS (hypogonadotropic hypogonadism) or due to primary gonadal failure (hypergonadotropic hypogonadism).	0	3.4	2	0
Sex Disorders [description not available]	0	16.32	62	19
Sexual Dysfunction, Physiological Physiological disturbances in normal sexual performance in either the male or the female.	1	18.32	62	19
Sterility, Male [description not available]	0	3.03	1	0
Infertility, Male The inability of the male to effect FERTILIZATION of an OVUM after a specified period of unprotected intercourse. Male sterility is permanent infertility.	0	3.03	1	0
Affective Disorders [description not available]	0	2.13	1	0
Mood Disorders Those disorders that have a disturbance in mood as their predominant feature.	0	2.13	1	0
Adenoma, Prostatic [description not available]	0	2.13	1	0
Prostatic Hyperplasia Increase in constituent cells in the PROSTATE, leading to enlargement of the organ (hypertrophy) and adverse impact on the lower urinary tract function. This can be caused by increased rate of cell proliferation, reduced rate of cell death, or both.	0	7.13	1	0
Frigidity [description not available]	0	13.32	44	0
Sexual Dysfunctions, Psychological Disturbances in sexual desire and the psychophysiologic changes that characterize the sexual response cycle and cause marked distress and interpersonal difficulty. (APA, DSM-IV, 1994)	0	13.32	44	0
Neurally Mediated Faint [description not available]	0	3.84	2	1
Hypotension, Postural [description not available]	0	3.84	2	1
Hypotension, Orthostatic A significant drop in BLOOD PRESSURE after assuming a standing position. Orthostatic hypotension is a finding, and defined as a 20-mm Hg decrease in systolic pressure or a 10-mm Hg decrease in diastolic pressure 3 minutes after the person has risen from supine to standing. Symptoms generally include DIZZINESS, blurred vision, and SYNCOPE.	0	3.84	2	1
Drop Attack [description not available]	0	2.05	1	0
Syncope A transient loss of consciousness and postural tone caused by diminished blood flow to the brain (i.e., BRAIN ISCHEMIA). Presyncope refers to the sensation of lightheadedness and loss of strength that precedes a syncopal event or accompanies an incomplete syncope. (From Adams et al., Principles of Neurology, 6th ed, pp367-9)	0	2.05	1	0
Nervous System Disorders [description not available]	0	2.98	1	0
Nervous System Diseases Diseases of the central and peripheral nervous system. This includes disorders of the brain, spinal cord, cranial nerves, peripheral nerves, nerve roots, autonomic nervous system, neuromuscular junction, and muscle.	0	2.98	1	0
Urinary Incontinence, Stress Involuntary discharge of URINE as a result of physical activities that increase abdominal pressure on the URINARY BLADDER without detrusor contraction or overdistended bladder. The subtypes are classified by the degree of leakage, descent and opening of the bladder neck and URETHRA without bladder contraction, and sphincter deficiency.	0	2.02	1	0
Urinary Tract Diseases [description not available]	0	2.93	1	0
Affective Psychosis, Bipolar [description not available]	0	2.03	1	0
Bipolar Disorder A major affective disorder marked by severe mood swings (manic or major depressive episodes) and a tendency to remission and recurrence.	0	2.03	1	0
Anesthesia A state characterized by loss of feeling or sensation. This depression of nerve function is usually the result of pharmacologic action and is induced to allow performance of surgery or other painful procedures.	0	2.03	1	0
Daytime Sleepiness [description not available]	0	3.42	1	1
Vision, Diminished [description not available]	0	3.42	1	1
Asthenia Clinical sign or symptom manifested as debility, or lack or loss of strength and energy.	0	3.42	1	1
Disorders of Excessive Somnolence Disorders characterized by hypersomnolence during normal waking hours that may impair cognitive functioning. Subtypes include primary hypersomnia disorders (e.g., IDIOPATHIC HYPERSOMNOLENCE; NARCOLEPSY; and KLEINE-LEVIN SYNDROME) and secondary hypersomnia disorders where excessive somnolence can be attributed to a known cause (e.g., drug affect, MENTAL DISORDERS, and SLEEP APNEA SYNDROME). (From J Neurol Sci 1998 Jan 8;153(2):192-202; Thorpy, Principles and Practice of Sleep Medicine, 2nd ed, p320)	0	3.42	1	1

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