An autoimmune disorder mainly affecting young adults and characterized by destruction of myelin in the central nervous system. Pathologic findings include multiple sharply demarcated areas of demyelination throughout the white matter of the central nervous system. Clinical manifestations include visual loss, extra-ocular movement disorders, paresthesias, loss of sensation, weakness, dysarthria, spasticity, ataxia, and bladder dysfunction. The usual pattern is one of recurrent attacks followed by partial recovery (see MULTIPLE SCLEROSIS, RELAPSING-REMITTING), but acute fulminating and chronic progressive forms (see MULTIPLE SCLEROSIS, CHRONIC PROGRESSIVE) also occur. (Adams et al., Principles of Neurology, 6th ed, p903)
| Excerpt | Reference |
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| "The etiology of multiple sclerosis is linked to a variety of genetic and environmental factors." | ( Bernard, CC; Kerlero de Rosbo, N, 1992) |
| "Multiple sclerosis is an inflammatory disease which affects the white matter of the central nervous system (CNS)." | ( Barker, R; Larner, A, 1992) |
| "A patient with multiple sclerosis is described who presented with a unilateral loss of voluntary function of his lower face muscles." | ( Dichgans, J; Eblen, F; Weller, M, 1992) |
| "Multiple sclerosis is thought to be an autoimmune disease of the central nervous system mediated by T cells specific for a myelin antigen." | ( Hafler, DA; Mackin, GA; Matsui, M; Milford, EL; Ota, K; Weiner, HL, 1990) |
| "Multiple sclerosis is a chronic inflammatory disease of the central nervous system which has been hypothesized to be autoimmune in nature." | ( Hafler, DA; Weiner, HL; Wucherpfennig, KW, 1991) |
| "Multiple sclerosis is an autoimmune disease in which T lymphocytes reactive to myelin basic protein (BP) could play a central role." | ( Better, M; Chou, YK; Forrester, JM; Karuturi, S; Kotzin, BL; Lafferty, J; Nedwin, GE; Offner, H; Vandenbark, AA, 1991) |
| "Multiple sclerosis is thought, by many investigators, to be an immunologic disease." | ( Carter, JL; Rodriguez, M, 1989) |
| "Multiple sclerosis is a demyelinating disease of the central nervous system with genetic, viral and autoimmune characteristics." | ( Cook, SD; Rohowsky-Kochan, C; Troiano, R, 1989) |
| "Multiple sclerosis is a chronic, often progressive disease of the central nervous system which can produce visual, sensory, motor, and genitourinary dysfunction." | ( Giesser, B, 1985) |
| "Multiple sclerosis is one of the most common causes of chronic neurologic disease in adults." | ( Schweitzer, SF, 1985) |
| "Multiple sclerosis is probably an acquired infectious disease with an autoimmune response relating to damage to the white matter of the central nervous system." | ( Calder, VL; Davison, AN; Owen, SJ; Watson, CM, 1988) |
| "Multiple sclerosis is a debilitating disease that is the focus of study in many clinical settings." | ( Carico, J; Graham, OC, 1985) |
| "Multiple sclerosis is a rare but not exceptional condition in children." | ( Máttyus, A; Veres, E, 1985) |
| "Multiple sclerosis is considered to be a putative immunopathologic disease and there has been considerable effort over the years to prove an autoimmune etiology for it." | ( Burns, JB; Lisak, RP; Rostami, A; Silberberg, DH; Zweiman, B, 1984) |
| "The diagnosis of multiple sclerosis is still a clinical one, and depends on the occurrence of neurological symptoms due to lesions at two or more necessarily distinct sites in the white matter of the central nervous system." | ( Neu, I; Woelk, H, 1980) |
| "Multiple sclerosis is a chronic inflammatory disease characterized by multifocal damage of the central nervous system myelin." | ( Tienari, PJ, 1994) |
| "Multiple sclerosis is the most common cause of neurologic disability in young adults." | ( Beni, S; Cartoni, D; De Castro, S; Funaro, S; Gasperini, C; Millefiorini, E; Morino, S; Tallarico, D, 1995) |
| "Multiple sclerosis is a demyelinating disorder of the central nervous system characterized by exacerbations and remissions of symptoms." | ( Mitchell, G, 1993) |
| "Multiple sclerosis is a chronic demyelinating disease." | ( Christiansen, AP; Henriksen, O; Larsson, HB; Wanscher, B, 1994) |
| "Multiple sclerosis is a presumed autoimmune disease, associated with inflammation in the CNS white matter, mediated by autoreactive T cells." | ( Fukaura, H; Hafler, DA; Kent, SC; Khoury, SJ; Pietrusewicz, MJ; Weiner, HL, 1996) |
| "Multiple sclerosis is more common in temperate latitudes, and migration studies indicate the involvement of an aetiological environmental factor in pre-pubertal life; the precise nature of this factor has never been identified and may perhaps have been overlooked." | ( Hutter, CD; Laing, P, 1996) |
| "Multiple sclerosis is a central nervous system demyelinating disease." | ( Constantinescu, CS, 1995) |
| "Multiple sclerosis is probably mainly mediated by T-helper 1 (TH1)-lymphocytes." | ( Adèr, HJ; Hartung, HP; Pflughaupt, KW; Polman, CH; Rep, MH; Scholten, PE; van Lier, RA; van Oosten, BW; von Blomberg, BM, 1996) |
| "Multiple sclerosis is an autoimmune disease with inflammatory lesions localized to the white matter of the central nervous system." | ( Dinter, H; Faulds, D; Onuffer, J; Perez, HD, 1997) |
| "Multiple sclerosis is a chronic demyelinating disease of the central nervous system in young adults." | ( Martin, R, 1997) |
| "Chronic progressive Multiple Sclerosis is refractory to many conventional treatments." | ( LeVine, SM; Lynch, SG; Peters, K, 1996) |
| "Multiple sclerosis is postulated to be a Th1-type cell-mediated autoimmune disease." | ( Balashov, K; Comabella, M; Issazadeh, S; Khoury, SJ; Smith, D; Weiner, HL, 1998) |
| "I postulate that multiple sclerosis is an autoimmune disease that involves genetically determined failure of activation-induced apoptosis of autoreactive T cells in the central nervous system." | ( Pender, MP, 1998) |
| "Multiple sclerosis is a putative autoimmune disease in which limited numbers of autoimmune T cells reactive to myelin basic protein or proteolipid protein would play critical roles in initiation or augmentation of the inflammatory processes." | ( Yamamura, T, 1999) |
| "Multiple sclerosis is an inflammatory demyelinating CNS disease of putatively autoimmune origin." | ( Schmidt, S, 1999) |
| "Multiple sclerosis is an immune-mediated disorder of the central nervous system leading to progressive decline of motor and sensory functions and permanent disability." | ( Groom, A; Smith, T; Turski, L; Zhu, B, 2000) |
| "Multiple sclerosis is a disease of discrete phenotypes in different individuals." | ( Gimenez, MT; Miller, SD; Russell, JH; Sabelko-Downes, KA; Suvannavejh, GC, 2000) |
| "The cause of multiple sclerosis is generally considered to be entirely T cell mediated." | ( Brück, W; Lucchinetti, C; Noseworthy, J, 2001) |
| "Multiple sclerosis is believed to result from a CD4+ T-cell response against myelin antigens." | ( Buljevac, D; Hazenberg, MP; Laman, JD; Melief, MJ; Ravid, R; Schrijver, IA; van Meurs, M; Wim Ang, C, 2001) |
| "Multiple sclerosis is a disease characterized by perivascular infiltrates and demyelination of the white matter in the central nervous system." | ( Akcay, F; Aksoy, H; Polat, F; Sait Keles, M; Sen, N; Taysi, S, 2001) |
| "Multiple sclerosis is a chronic inflammatory demyelinating disease of the central nervous system." | ( Cepok, S; Hemmer, B; Nessler, S; Sommer, N, 2001) |
| "Multiple sclerosis is characterized by the infiltration of leukocytes into the CNS." | ( Bernard, CC; Brundula, V; Metz, LM; Rewcastle, NB; Yong, VW, 2002) |
| "Multiple sclerosis is an immune-mediated brain disease ameliorated by interferon-beta therapy." | ( Boos, MD; Byskosh, PV; Chen, M; Feng, X; Petraglia, AL; Reder, AT, 2002) |
| "Multiple sclerosis is a presumed cell-mediated autoimmune disease of the central nervous system." | ( D'Amico, R; Incorvaia, B; La Mantia, L; Mascoli, N; Milanese, C; Weinstock-Guttman, B, 2002) |
| "Multiple sclerosis is an inflammatory, demyelinating disease of the CNS." | ( Chen, CC; Elkabes, S; Nicot, A; Ratnakar, PV; Ron, Y, 2003) |
| "Multiple sclerosis is increasingly being recognized as a neurodegenerative disease that is triggered by inflammatory attack of the CNS." | ( Ahmed, Z; Baker, D; Croxford, JL; Cuzner, ML; Giovannoni, G; Hankey, DJ; Jackson, SJ; Ledent, C; Petzold, A; Pocock, JM; Pryce, G; Thompson, AJ, 2003) |
| "Multiple sclerosis is associated with muscle stiffness, spasms, pain, and tremor." | ( Fox, P; Nunn, A; Sanders, H; Thompson, A; Vickery, J; Wright, D; Zajicek, J, 2003) |
| "Multiple sclerosis is a chronic inflammatory disease of the CNS leading to focal destruction of myelin, still the earliest changes that lead to lesion formation are not known." | ( Graumann, U; Reynolds, R; Schaeren-Wiemers, N; Steck, AJ, 2003) |
| "Multiple sclerosis is thought to involve aberrant immune responses to myelin autoantigens." | ( Brenner, M; Carrum, G; Heslop, H; Hutton, G; Krance, R; Land, GA; Popat, U; Sun, W; Zang, YC; Zhang, JZ, 2004) |
| "Agressive multiple sclerosis is defined as an MS that leads to the rapid accumumation of disabilities, whether these latter are the result of repeated relapses (at least 2 in the past 12 Months) or the continuous progression of a disability (increase in 2 points on the expanded disability status scale (EDSS) in the past 12 Months)." | ( Edan, G, 2004) |
| "Multiple sclerosis is no longer considered to simply be an autoimmune demyelinating disease." | ( Ben-Hur, T; Grigoriadis, N; Karussis, D; Milonas, I, 2004) |
| "Multiple sclerosis is a chronic demyelinating disease of presumed autoimmune pathogenesis." | ( Aranami, T; Endoh, M; Miyake, S; Takahashi, K; Yamamura, T, 2004) |
| "Although multiple sclerosis is considered to be an autoimmune disease in the CNS, the immune responses that take place in the CNS and lymphoid organs remain to be elucidated." | ( Kohyama, K; Matsumoto, Y; Miyakoshi, A; Park, IK; Sakuma, H; Tanuma, N, 2004) |
| "Multiple sclerosis is a common human demyelinating disease of the central nervous system (CNS), and it is thought to involve autoimmune responses to CNS myelin antigens." | ( Croxford, JL; Miller, SD, 2004) |
| "Multiple Sclerosis is a chronic demyelinating disease of the central nervous system of undetermined etiology." | ( Colotto, M; Danese, C, 2004) |
| "Multiple sclerosis is an organ-specific autoimmune disease, characterized pathologically by cell-mediated inflammation, demyelination and variable degrees of axonal loss." | ( Giovannoni, G; Lim, ET, 2005) |
| "Multiple sclerosis is the most frequent debilitating neurological disease in young subjects." | ( Manova, MM; Trenova, AG; Vasileva, TV; Zahariev, ZI, 2004) |
| "Multiple sclerosis is mediated by T-cell responses to central nervous system antigens such as myelin basic protein (MBP)." | ( Huang, Y; Li, Y; Lue, J; Mariuzza, RA; Martin, R; Quandt, JA, 2005) |
| "Multiple sclerosis is a chronic inflammatory and demyelinating disease of the central nervous system (CNS) in which oxidative stress plays a pathogenic role." | ( Espejo, C; Martínez-Cáceres, EM, 2005) |
| "Multiple sclerosis is an inflammatory disease of the central nervous system characterized by inflammation, demyelination, axonal degeneration and accumulation of neurological disability." | ( Brundin, L; Covacu, R; Danilov, AI; Johansson, CB; Langmoen, IA; Moe, MC; Olsson, T, 2006) |
| "Multiple sclerosis is the most common cause of neurological disability in young adults." | ( Borghetti, A; Montanari, E; Moruzzi, P; Pattoneri, P; Pelà, G; Pesci, I, 2007) |
| "Multiple Sclerosis is an autoimmune disease directed against myelin proteins." | ( Aguilera, R; Ashikian, N; Bevan, CJ; Chakryan, Y; Gallaher, T; Jakowec, MW; Lund, BT; Mnatsakanyan, L, 2006) |
| "Multiple sclerosis is a leading cause of disability in young adults." | ( Etemadifar, M; Hamzehloo, A, 2007) |
| "Multiple sclerosis is a presumed cell-mediated autoimmune disease of the central nervous system." | ( D'Amico, R; La Mantia, L; Mascoli, N; Milanese, C; Weinstock-Guttman, B, 2007) |
| "Multiple sclerosis is a neuroinflammatory disease associated with axonal degeneration." | ( Craner, MJ; Etzensperger, R; Friese, MA; Fugger, L; Vergo, S; Vincent, A; Welsh, MJ; Wemmie, JA, 2007) |
| "Multiple sclerosis is a chronic inflammatory disease of the central nervous system with a pronounced neurodegenerative component." | ( Chalifoux, S; Giesser, BS; Gold, SM; Voskuhl, RR, 2008) |
| "Multiple sclerosis is a complex human neurodegenerative disease, characterized by the active destruction of the insulating myelin sheath around the axons in the central nervous system." | ( Harauz, G; Musse, AA; Polverini, E; Raijmakers, R, 2008) |
| "Multiple sclerosis is the most common cause of non-traumatic neurological impairment in young adults." | ( Campbell, G; Hanson, PS; Lassmann, H; Lax, N; Mahad, DJ; Turnbull, DM; White, K; Ziabreva, I, 2009) |
| "Multiple sclerosis is a neurodegenerative disorder with a wide range in disease course severity." | ( De Keyser, J; Mellema, SA; Ramsaransing, GS, 2009) |
| "Multiple sclerosis is a demyelinating disease of the central nervous system associated with varied levels of disability." | ( Alouche, SR; Bondan, EF; Nassar, CC, 2009) |
| "Multiple sclerosis is a very disabling inflammatory demyelinating disease of the brain of unknown etiology." | ( Hoek, RM; Huitinga, I; Koning, N; Uitdehaag, BM, 2009) |
| "Multiple sclerosis is an inflammatory, degenerative disease of the central nervous system." | ( An, SF; Brandner, S; Miller, DH; Ordidge, RJ; Parkes, HG; Schmierer, K; So, PW; Yousry, TA, 2010) |
| "Multiple sclerosis is an inflammatory demyelinating disorder of the CNS." | ( Belkadi, A; Choi, K; Cotleur, AC; Darnall, L; Drescher, C; He, T; Hu, T; Lane, TE; Liu, L; Miller, RH; Padovani-Claudio, D; Ransohoff, RM, 2010) |
| "Multiple sclerosis is an autoimmune demyelinating disorder of the central nervous system." | ( Mehta, BK, 2010) |
| "Multiple sclerosis is an autoimmune disease of the central nervous system believed to be mediated by pathogenic T lymphocytes." | ( Dadgari, JM; Lee, TD; Louie, KA; McMillan, M; Moore, RE, 2010) |
| "Susceptibility to multiple sclerosis is higher in females than males." | ( Brahmachari, S; Pahan, K, 2010) |
| "Multiple sclerosis is an inflammatory, demyelinating, central nervous system disease mediated by myelin-specific T cells." | ( Goverman, JM; Ji, Q; Perchellet, A, 2010) |
| "Multiple sclerosis is a neurodegenerative disease characterized by episodes of autoimmune attack of oligodendrocytes leading to demyelination and progressive functional deficits." | ( Dorsey, D; Klein, RS; McCandless, EE; Patel, JR, 2010) |
| "Multiple sclerosis is an inflammatory disease of the central nervous system, characterized by myelin damage and neurological complications." | ( Bouguerra, C; Fekih-Mrissa, N; Gritli, N; Jemaa, R; Kaabachi, N; Kallel, A; Laayouni, S; Messadi, A; Mrissa, R; Nciri, B; Sediri, Y; Yedeas, M; Zaweli, J, 2010) |
| "Multiple sclerosis is an inflammatory demyelinating disease of the human central nervous system." | ( Luo, H; Luo, M; Wang, J; Xiao, Y; Zhang, X, 2010) |
| "Multiple sclerosis is believed to be mediated by T cells specific for myelin antigens that circulate harmlessly in the periphery of healthy individuals until they are erroneously activated by an environmental stimulus." | ( Goverman, JM, 2011) |
| "Multiple sclerosis is a chronic inflammatory disease of the central nervous system, associated with demyelination and neurodegeneration." | ( Bauer, J; Binder, CJ; Botond, G; Esterbauer, H; Fischer, MT; Frischer, JM; Haider, L; Höftberger, R; Lassmann, H; Witztum, JL, 2011) |
| "Multiple sclerosis is the most frequent chronic inflammatory, demyelinating and neurodegenerative disease in young adults, but has no definitive pharmacological treatment." | ( Cuenca-López, MD; Fernández-Fernández, Ó; Joaquín, J; Varo-Sánchez, GM, 2011) |
| "Multiple sclerosis is a complex and devastating autoimmune disease of the central nervous system." | ( Berlanga, J; Brown, E; Coro-Antich, RM; del Barco, DG; Lopez, L; Montero, E; Suarez-Alba, J; Subirós, N, 2011) |
| "Multiple sclerosis is an autoimmune disease of the central nervous system characterized by neuroinflammation and demyelination." | ( Crespo, O; Daneman, R; Ho, PP; Kang, SC; Lindstrom, TM; Robinson, WH; Sobel, RA; Steinman, L, 2011) |
| "Multiple sclerosis is associated with iridocyclitis, intermediate uveitis, retinal periphlebitis, and optic neuritis." | ( Deane, J; Dharmasena, A; Turner, SJ, 2011) |
| "MS (multiple sclerosis) is a chronic autoimmune and neurodegenerative pathology of the CNS (central nervous system) affecting approx." | ( Tan, YV; Waschek, JA, 2011) |
| "Multiple sclerosis is a demyelinating disease that affects ≈ 2,000,000 people worldwide." | ( Arenzana, FJ; Clemente, D; de Castro, F; Ortega, MC, 2011) |
| "Multiple sclerosis is characterized by temporal and spatial dissemination of demyelination in the central nervous system." | ( Matsushita, T, 2011) |
| "Multiple sclerosis is the most common chronic disabling disease of the central nervous system in young adults." | ( Macdonell, R; Tsang, BK, 2011) |
| "Multiple sclerosis is a neurodegenerative disorder in which axonal injury, neuronal loss, and atrophy of the central nervous system can lead to permanent neurological damage and clinical disability." | ( Awad, RA, 2011) |
| "Multiple sclerosis is the most common chronic inflammatory disease of the central nervous system in young adults." | ( Dörr, J; Ohlraun, S; Paul, F; Skarabis, H, 2012) |
| "Multiple sclerosis is one of the most common demyelinating central nervous system diseases in young adults." | ( Baumgärtner, W; Beineke, A; Hansmann, F; Herder, V; Rohn, K; Schaudien, D; Stangel, M, 2012) |
| "Multiple sclerosis is a neurodegenerative disease characterized by episodes of immune attack of oligodendrocytes leading to demyelination and progressive functional deficit." | ( Bordet, T; Bourbon, C; Cayre, M; Durbec, P; Khaldi, J; Magalon, K; Pruss, RM; Robles, I; Tardif, G; Viola, A; Zimmer, C, 2012) |
| "Multiple sclerosis is an unmet disease in which pathologies on the immune system, T-cells, and specific neural cells are involved simultaneously." | ( Alonso-Gil, S; Brea, J; Cadavid, MI; Campillo, NE; Gil, C; Loza, MI; Martin-Alvarez, R; Martinez, A; Mengod, G; Morales-García, JA; Paul-Fernandez, N; Perez, C; Perez, DI; Perez-Castillo, A; Redondo, M; Soteras, I; Val, C, 2012) |
| "Multiple sclerosis is an inflammatory demyelinating and neurodegenerative disorder of the central nervous system (CNS)." | ( Acs, P; Kalman, B, 2012) |
| "Multiple sclerosis is a chronic, inflammatory, demyelinating disease of the central nervous system in which macrophages and microglia play a central role." | ( Bogie, JF; Gustafsson, JÅ; Hellings, N; Hendriks, JJ; Huynh-Thu, VA; Irrthum, A; Mulder, M; Smeets, HJ; Steffensen, KR; Stinissen, P; Timmermans, S, 2012) |
| "Multiple sclerosis is an autoimmune inflammatory disease of the central nervous system with neurodegenerative chararacteristics." | ( Tar, L; Vécsei, L, 2012) |
| "Multiple sclerosis is a progressive demyelinating neurological disease resulting in long-term disability, commonly manifesting in walking impairment and reduced quality of life." | ( Berger, T; Fernandez, O; Hartung, HP; Putzki, N, 2012) |
| "Multiple sclerosis is a neurological disorder that presents with symptoms including inflammation, neurodegeneration, and demyelination of the central nervous system (CNS)." | ( Jing, Y; Li, Y; Liu, S; Qin, Y; Qin, Z; Yang, M; Zhu, Y, 2013) |
| "Multiple sclerosis is a neurodegenerative and demyelinating disease of central nervous system." | ( Azimi, A; Eghtesadi, S; Eskandari, G; Khalili, M; Mirshafiey, A; Moftakhar, S; Motevalian, A; Norouzi, A; Sahraian, MA; Sanoobar, M, 2014) |
| "Multiple sclerosis is a chronic inflammatory disease of the central nervous system, characterised mainly as an autoimmune neurodegenerative disorder." | ( Caseiro, A; Ferreira, B; Gabriel, A; Mendes, F; Osório, N; Valado, A, 2013) |
| "Multiple sclerosis is considered to be initiated by a deregulated, myelin-specific T cell response." | ( Bauer, S; Friese, MA; Neumann, JT; Piedavent, M; Steinbach, K, 2013) |
| "Multiple sclerosis is an immune-mediated, demyelinating and neurodegenerative disease that currently lacks any neuroprotective treatments." | ( Ahmed, Z; Baker, D; Baker, MD; Coffey, P; Giovannoni, G; Jackson, SJ; Lidster, K; Munro, P, 2013) |
| "Progressive multiple sclerosis is associated with metabolic failure of the axon and excitotoxicity that leads to chronic neurodegeneration." | ( Al-Izki, S; Amor, S; Baker, D; Browne, L; Clutterbuck, L; Edith Chan, AW; Garthwaite, J; Gerritsen, WH; Giovannoni, G; Hankey, DJ; Joel, SP; Lidster, K; Montoya, A; Peferoen-Baert, R; Perkins, V; Posada, C; Pryce, G; Selwood, DL; Ummenthum, K; van der Valk, P; von Kutzleben, SM, 2014) |
| "Multiple sclerosis is an inflammatory disease of the central nervous system." | ( Araujo, LP; Basso, AS; Carlini, EA; Köhn, DO; Molska, GR; Negri, G; Paula-Freire, LI, 2014) |
| "Multiple sclerosis is a demyelinating disease of the central nervous system, occurs most commonly in adults between 20 and 40 years of age." | ( Konikowska, K; Regulska-Ilow, B, 2014) |
| "Multiple sclerosis is a chronic progressive demyelinating disease affecting over 2." | ( Antoniazzi, S; Carnovale, C; Clementi, E; Pellegrino, P; Perrone, V; Pozzi, M; Radice, S, 2014) |
| "Multiple sclerosis is an immune-mediated disease that produces chronic inflammation and neural degeneration." | ( Flores-Aldana, M; González-González, L; Hernández-Girón, C; Macías-Morales, N; Pérez-Cortéz, JG, 2015) |
| "Multiple sclerosis is generally considered an autoimmune disease resulting from interaction between predisposing genes and environmental factors, together allowing immunological self-tolerance to be compromised." | ( Altmann, DM; Boyton, RJ; Quigley, KJ; Reynolds, CJ; Sim, MJ, 2015) |
| "Multiple sclerosis is a chronic inflammatory demyelinating disease of the central nervous system." | ( Haider, L, 2015) |
| "Multiple sclerosis is a serious neurological disorder, resulting in e." | ( Bol, JGJM; Breve, JJP; Chrobok, NL; de Vries, HE; Drukarch, B; Karpuj, M; Kooij, G; Sestito, C; Steinman, L; van Buul, JD; Van Dam, AM; van der Pol, SMP; van Strien, ME; Wilhelmus, MM, 2015) |
| "Multiple sclerosis is an inflammatory disease of the central nervous system, in which axonal transection takes place in parallel with acute inflammation to various, individual extents." | ( Majláth, Z; Pukoli, D; Rajda, C; Vécsei, L, 2015) |
| "Multiple sclerosis is the most common autoimmune disorder affecting the central nervous system." | ( Arneth, B, 2015) |
| "Multiple sclerosis is a neurodegenerative disease characterized by the present of leukocytes in the brain tissue and subsequently the formation of sclerotic plaques." | ( Abolhassani, F; Atoof, F; Dehghan Tarzjani, M; Hassanzadeh, G; Hosseini Quchani, S; Sadighi Gilani, MA; Sahraian, MA, 2016) |
| "Multiple sclerosis is a demyelinating disease with severe neurological symptoms due to blockage of signal conduction in affected axons." | ( Dehghan, S; Fathollahi, Y; Hesaraki, M; Javan, M; Mirnajafi-Zadeh, J; Soleimani, M, 2016) |
| "Multiple sclerosis is a chronic, autoimmunological disease of central nervous system in which axonal damage in brain and spinal cord is observed." | ( Durka-Kęsy, M; Pastuszak, Ż; Piusińska-Macoch, R; Stępień, A; Tomczykiewicz, K, 2016) |
| "Multiple sclerosis is a devastating chronic autoimmune disease affecting women and men of all ages." | ( Zécri, FJ, 2016) |
| "Multiple sclerosis is a disease of the central nervous system characterized by recurrent inflammatory demyelinating lesions in the early disease stage." | ( Deininger, SO; Hornung, J; König, FB; Maccarrone, G; Nischwitz, S; Stadelmann, C; Turck, CW; Weber, F, 2017) |
| "Multiple sclerosis is an autoimmune disorder characterized by a dysregulated immune response directed against the central nervous system." | ( Calandri, IL; Correale, J; Farez, MF; Quintana, FJ, 2016) |
| "Multiple sclerosis is one of the most salient degenerative disorders of CNS with dysregulated immune process that resulted in axonal damage and demyelination." | ( Bidgoli, SA; Shakibapour, S; Tavakol, S, 2018) |
| "Multiple sclerosis is a common chronic, disabling autoimmune neurological disease affecting mainly young adults." | ( Annus, A; Majlath, Z; Vecsei, L, 2018) |
| "Multiple sclerosis is a demyelinating disease affecting the central nervous system." | ( Angerer, IC; Fitzner, B; Flechtner, K; Friess, J; Hecker, M; Koczan, D; Roch, L; Schröder, I; Thiesen, HJ; Winkelmann, A; Zettl, UK, 2017) |
| "Multiple sclerosis is an autoimmune disease caused by the destruction of the myelin sheath in the central nervous system." | ( Joseph, B; Ramasamy, R; Whittall, T, 2017) |
| "Multiple Sclerosis is associated with deficient serum 25 hydroxyvitamin D (25 (OH)D) level and cognitive impairment." | ( Darwish, H; Ghassan, S; Haddad, R; Khoury, S; Osman, S; Tamim, H; Yamout, B, 2017) |
| "Multiple sclerosis is characterized by white matter lesions, which are visualized with conventional T2-weighted magnetic resonance imaging (MRI)." | ( Barkhof, F; Eijlers, AJ; Geurts, JJ; Klauser, AM; Pouwels, PJ; Schoonheim, MM; Uitdehaag, BM; Wiebenga, OT, 2018) |
| "Multiple sclerosis is one of the most common neurological disorders caused by interaction of genetic and environmental factors, but little is known about its cause or factors that contribute to the disorder." | ( Bystrická, Z; Ďurfinová, M; Laubertová, L; Paduchová, Z, 2017) |
| "Multiple sclerosis is associated with immune system dysfunction and chronic inflammation; however, possible relations between immunologic and metabolic factors and some psychological indexes such as fatigue and quality of life, especially in relation to exercise training, have not yet been investigated." | ( Majdinasab, N; Mokhtarzade, M; Molanouri Shamsi, M; Patel, D; Ranjbar, R, 2017) |
| "Pseudotumoral multiple sclerosis is a rare form of demyelinating disease of the central nervous system." | ( Cabrera-Martín, MN; Carreras, JL; Cortés-Martínez, A; Matías-Guiu, J; Matías-Guiu, JA; Moreno-Ramos, T; Oreja-Guevara, C; Pytel, V, 2017) |
| "Multiple sclerosis is a chronic demyelinating disease of the central nervous system characterised by inflammatory and degenerative changes." | ( Barac-Latas, V; Ćurko-Cofek, B; Grubić Kezele, T, 2017) |
| "Multiple sclerosis is a degenerative inflammatory disease of the CNS characterised by immune-mediated destruction of myelin and progressive neuroaxonal loss." | ( Abounasr, A; Arnow, S; Bevan, C; Boscardin, WJ; Chan, JR; Cree, BA; Devereux, M; Friessen, M; Gelfand, JM; Gerona, R; Green, AJ; Hauser, SL; Henry, RG; Inman, J; Mei, F; Nobuta, H; von Büdingen, HC; Zhu, A, 2017) |
| "Multiple sclerosis is an inflammatory demyelinating disorder of the central nervous system (CNS)." | ( Beelen, R; D'haeseleer, M; De Keyser, J; Nagels, G; Van Binst, AM; Vande Vyver, M; Verborgh, C, 2018) |
| "Multiple sclerosis is a demyelinating and inflammatory disease." | ( Amor, S; Bazinet, RP; Hildebrand, KD; Kipp, M; Nyamoya, SD; Trépanier, MO, 2018) |
| "Multiple sclerosis is an inflammatory demyelinating disease of the central nervous system." | ( Absinta, M; Akassoglou, K; Ha, SK; Jacobson, S; Lee, NJ; Lefeuvre, JA; Leibovitch, EC; Luciano, NJ; Petersen, MA; Reich, DS; Ryu, JK; Sati, P; Schindler, MK; Silva, AC, 2018) |
| "Multiple sclerosis is an immune-mediated autoimmune disease of the central nervous system that develops in genetically susceptible individuals and likely requires environmental triggers." | ( Cruciani, C; Eixarch, H; Espejo, C; Faigle, W; Lutterotti, A; Martin, R; Pinilla, C; Planas, R; Santos, R; Schaeren-Wiemers, N; Sospedra, M; Tomas-Ojer, P, 2018) |
| "The pathogenesis of multiple sclerosis is characterized by a cascade of pathobiologic events, ranging from focal lymphocytic infiltration and microglia activation to demyelination and axonal degeneration." | ( Asmar, K; Bou-Fakhredin, R; El-Merhi, F; Naffaa, L; Saade, C; Yousem, DM, 2018) |
| "Multiple sclerosis is an inflammatory disease, which still today affects the Northern-hemisphere population, generating a socioeconomically burden." | ( Pedraz, B; Sammer, G, 2018) |
| "Multiple sclerosis is a chronic autoimmune demyelinating disorder of the CNS." | ( Chen, Y; Jones, J; Kunjamma, RB; Lin, W; Miller, SD; Podojil, JR; Popko, B; Weiner, M, 2019) |
| "Multiple sclerosis is a T cell-mediated inflammatory, demyelinating disease of the central nervous system, accompanied by neuronal degeneration." | ( Cao, L; Chen, S; Ma, CG; Tang, J; Wang, Q; Xiao, BG; Xiao, W; Yu, WB, 2019) |
| "Persons with multiple sclerosis are increasingly treated with intermediate- or high-dose chemotherapy and a hematopoietic cell autotransplant." | ( Gale, RP; Gómez-Almaguer, D; Gómez-Cruz, GB; Gómez-De-León, A; González-López, EE; León-Peña, AA; Muñoz-Pérez, MJ; Olivares-Gazca, JC; Ruiz-Argüelles, A; Ruiz-Argüelles, GJ; Ruiz-Delgado, GJ; Soto-Vega, E, 2019) |
| "Multiple Sclerosis is an autoimmune disorder causing neurodegeneration mostly in young adults." | ( Fallier-Becker, P; Frommer-Kaestle, G; Pfeiffer, F, 2019) |
| "Multiple sclerosis is a chronic inflammatory, demyelinating, and neurodegenerative disease affecting the brain, spinal cord and optic nerves." | ( Bar-Or, A; Bueno, M; Charabati, M; de Faria Junior, O; Drake, SS; Dumas, A; Fournier, AE; Galloway, DA; Juźwik, CA; Lécuyer, MA; Moore, C; Morquette, B; Paradis-Isler, N; Prat, A; Rambaldi, I; Vallières, L; Zandee, S; Zhang, Y, 2019) |
| "Multiple sclerosis is the most common demyelinating disease of the central nervous system with serious social and economic burden." | ( Hui, X; Jia, B; Lao, Y; Li, J; Liang, F; Lu, Z; Luo, W; Song, B; Song, Y; Wang, Z; Zhou, B, 2019) |
| "Multiple sclerosis is an idiopathic and autoimmune associated motor neuron disorder that affects myelinated neurons in specific brain regions of young people, especially females." | ( Kapoor, T; Mehan, S, 2021) |
| "Multiple sclerosis is a neurological disease that presents with various symptoms; in some cases it is progressive and highly disabling, requiring invasive techniques to treat pain and spasticity." | ( Alonso Rodríguez, E; Blázquez Calvo, V; Lloreda Herradón, P; Miyagi Yonamine, M, 2021) |
| "Multiple sclerosis is a central nervous system disease with autoimmune and neurodegenerative mechanisms of development." | ( Boyko, AN; Evdoshenko, EP; Khachanova, NV; Melnikov, MV; Rozenson, OL; Sivertseva, SA; Spirin, NN; Vasilyev, AV, 2020) |
| "Multiple sclerosis is classified as a rare disease in Taiwan." | ( Chen, HH; Chen, PL; Huang, CC; Huang, WN; Lee, WJ; Lin, CC; Lin, TS; Lyu, RK; Ro, LS; Su, JJ; Tsai, CP; Tsai, NW; Yang, A; Yang, CC, 2021) |
| "Multiple sclerosis is a progressive autoimmune disorder of the myelin sheath and is the most common inflammatory disease of young adults." | ( AboTaleb, HA; Alghamdi, BS, 2020) |
| "Multiple sclerosis is an autoimmune chronic inflammatory disease of the central nervous system that can lead to some serious disabilities." | ( Bananej, M; Mirshafiey, A; Moghadam, NB; Mokhtarian, F; Movahedi, M; Najafi, S; Nikouei Moghaddam, MR; Saadat, P, 2021) |
| "Multiple sclerosis is a chronic inflammatory demyelinating disorder of the central nervous system that eventually leads to progressive neurodegeneration and disability." | ( Arena, C; Bertini, S; Carpi, S; Cervetto, C; Chicca, A; Chicca, S; D'Andrea, F; Di Cesare Mannelli, L; Digiacomo, M; Gado, F; Gertsch, J; Ghelardini, C; Lucarini, E; Macchia, M; Manera, C; Marcoli, M; Nieri, P; Poli, G; Polini, B; Reynoso-Moreno, I; Tuccinardi, T; Vallini, E, 2020) |
| "Multiple sclerosis is a disease characterised by axonal demyelination in the central nervous system (CNS)." | ( Connor, B; Jordan, TW; Keyzers, RA; La Flamme, AC; Robichon, K; Sondhauss, S, 2021) |
| "Multiple sclerosis is a chronic demyelinating disease with a functional disturbance in the immune system and axonal damages." | ( Aliomrani, M; Danesh-Seta, T; Emami, F; Ghaedi, K; Nasr-Esfahani, MH, 2021) |
| "Multiple sclerosis is a major socio-economical burden as it represents the most common cause of non-traumatic neurological disability in young adults [1]." | ( de Chalus, A; Deiva, K; Taveira, M, 2021) |
| "Multiple sclerosis is a kind of autoimmune and demyelinating disease with pathological symptoms such as inflammation, myelin loss, astrocytosis, and microgliosis." | ( Barati, S; Kashani, IR; Tahmasebi, F, 2021) |
| "Multiple sclerosis is a common inflammatory demyelinating disease of the central nervous system." | ( Morar, F; Papastergios, C; Schiopu-Mariean, BL; Shaker, A, 2021) |
| "Multiple Sclerosis is a chronic autoimmune neurodegenerative disorder of the central nervous system (CNS) that is characterized by inflammation, demyelination, and axonal injury leading to permeant disability." | ( Bajrami, B; Bame, E; Black, C; Bohnert, T; Boiselle, C; Burdette, D; Burns, JC; Delva, L; Donaldson, D; Grater, R; Gu, C; Hoemberger, M; Hopkins, BT; Johnson, J; Kapadnis, S; King, K; Lulla, M; Lyssikatos, J; Ma, B; Magee, T; Marx, I; Meissner, R; Metrick, CM; Mingueneau, M; Murugan, P; Otipoby, KL; Polack, E; Poreci, U; Prince, R; Roach, AM; Rowbottom, C; Santoro, JC; Schroeder, P; Tang, H; Tien, E; Zhang, F, 2022) |
| "Multiple sclerosis is an inflammatory demyelinating disease that commences to neuronal cell destruction." | ( Arasteh, J; Ebrahimi, MT; Kazemi, F; Sadeghirashed, S; Taheri, S, 2022) |
| "However, since multiple sclerosis is an autoimmune disease that is not mediated by a specific antibody, it has fewer immune mechanisms in common with myasthenia gravis than neuromyelitis optica spectrum disease." | ( Bong, JB; Kang, HG; Lee, MA, 2022) |
| "Multiple sclerosis is an autoimmune disease with a strong neuroinflammatory component that contributes to severe demyelination, neurodegeneration and lesions formation in white and grey matter of the spinal cord and brain." | ( Amadio, S; Conte, F; Esposito, G; Fiscon, G; Paci, P; Volonté, C, 2022) |
| "Multiple sclerosis is a chronic progressive demyelinating disease of the central nervous system." | ( Liu, H; Ren, Y; Song, W; Wang, N; Yang, Y, 2022) |
| "Multiple sclerosis is a disease characterised by demyelination of axons in the central nervous system." | ( Al Abadey, A; Connor, B; Flamme, AC; Robichon, K, 2022) |
| "Multiple sclerosis is a chronic neurological disease with numerous disease-modifying treatments available, including dimethyl fumarate (DMF), a first-line therapy for relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis." | ( de Sá, J; Ferreira, J; Macedo, AM, 2023) |
| "Multiple sclerosis is a chronic demyelinating autoimmune disease accompanied by inflammation and loss of axons and neurons." | ( Fang, J; Jiang, X; Mu, S; Song, Y; Yang, X; Zhang, J, 2023) |
| "Multiple sclerosis is a diffuse chronic demyelinating disease of the central nervous system." | ( Lim, LT; Lim, XY; Wai, YZ; Yong, YX, 2023) |
| "Multiple sclerosis is a chronic inflammatory disease of the central nervous system ultimate to neurodegeneration and demyelination." | ( Aliomrani, M; Kazemi, M; Sharifian, A; Varshosaz, J, 2023) |
| "Multiple sclerosis is a chronic inflammatory and demyelinating disease of the central nervous system, usually seen in young adults." | ( Canpolat, M; Kum, YE; Pamukçu, Ö, 2023) |
| "Multiple sclerosis is a common immune-mediated inflammatory and demyelinating disease." | ( Bizjak, A; Fabjan, TH; Gorenjak, M; Gselman, S; Potočnik, U, 2023) |
| "Pediatric forms of multiple sclerosis are more active than those in adults." | ( Ahle, G; Bigaut, K; Collongues, N; Courtois, S; de Seze, J; Dentel, C; Fickl, A; Fleury, M; Gaultier, C; Kolitsi, I; Kremer, L; Lanotte, L; Moreau, A; Mostoufizadeh, S; Sellal, F, 2023) |
| "Multiple sclerosis is a chronic demyelinating disorder with an unclear etiology." | ( Basak, J; Kucharska-Lusina, A; Majsterek, I; Piotrzkowska, D, 2023) |
| Excerpt | Reference |
|---|
| "Recent attempts have been made to treat multiple sclerosis with polyunsaturated fatty acids and with colchicine." | ( Horrobin, DF, 1979) |
| "Interferons (IFN) are used to treat cancer and multiple sclerosis (MS)." | ( Lowy, MT; Reder, AT, 1992) |
| "The efficacy of azathioprine in the treatment of multiple sclerosis was assessed by meta-analysis of the results of all published blind, randomised, controlled trials." | ( Ellison, GW; Ghezzi, A; Goodkin, DE; Hughes, RA; McPherson, K; Mertin, J; Milanese, C; Yudkin, PL, 1991) |
| "In the search for a symptomatic treatment of multiple sclerosis, digoxin (0." | ( Happel, L; Kaji, R; Sumner, AJ, 1990) |
| "In searching for agents effective in treating multiple sclerosis, we studied the effect of a short-acting digitalis, ouabain, on conduction block in an animal model of central nervous system demyelination." | ( Kaji, R; Sumner, AJ, 1989) |
| "The rational drug-treatment of multiple sclerosis on an immunological basis requires an acquaintance with the different forms of the disease course along with an understanding of the underlying pathomechanisms as well as a thorough knowledge of the chances and limitations of such a therapy." | ( Kölmel, HW; Reichel, D, 1995) |
| "Because the symptomatic treatments for multiple sclerosis (MS) are limited, new approaches have been sought." | ( Bever, CT, 1994) |
| "An 18-month double-blind treatment of multiple sclerosis with low dose oral methotrexate showed it to be well tolerated and suggested effectiveness in exacerbating-remitting MS but not in the exacerbating progressive and chronic progressive stages." | ( Currier, RD; Haerer, AF; Meydrech, EF, 1993) |
| "These Abs may be useful for treating multiple sclerosis in which reactivity to MBP is implicated." | ( Arnon, R; Gurevich, E; Puri, J; Teitelbaum, D, 1997) |
| "Ten subjects being treated for multiple sclerosis received four intravenous treatments with cyclophosphamide (unconditioned stimulus) paired with a conditioned stimulus." | ( Ader, R; Cohen, N; Giang, DW; Goodman, AD; Mattson, DH; Petrie, M; Schiffer, RB, 1996) |
| "The effectiveness of plasmapheresis for treatment of multiple sclerosis in adults is variable and has seldom been reported in children." | ( Enoki, M; Sawaishi, Y; Takada, G; Takahashi, I; Takeda, O, 1997) |
| "As a strategy to treat patients with multiple sclerosis in their third trimester of pregnancy, it is appropriate to evaluate disease activity using MRI and to start steroid pulse therapy after delivery." | ( Hirade, S; Inoue, H; Nagasawa, H; Takashima, S, 1997) |
| "The efficacy of glucocorticoid treatment in multiple sclerosis (MS) is uncertain." | ( Frederiksen, JL; Nielsen, PM; Olesen, J; Sellebjerg, F, 1999) |
| "The efficacy of glucocorticoids in the treatment of multiple sclerosis may involve the induction of T cell apoptosis." | ( Beyer, M; Grieger, U; Haas, J; Wagenknecht, B; Waiczies, S; Weller, M; Wendling, U; Zipp, F, 2000) |
| "The mean mutant frequency before treatment for six multiple sclerosis patients treated with high-dose CP was 2." | ( Henner, WD; Johnson, KJ; Sanderson, BJ, 2001) |
| "Glatiromer acetate (GA) is an approved treatment for multiple sclerosis (MS)." | ( Chen, M; Costello, K; Dhib-Jalbut, S; Gran, B; Johnson, K; Martin, R, 2001) |
| "Interferon beta (IFNB) treatment for multiple sclerosis (MS) has been associated with thyroid disorders (TD), in particular in patients with subclinical TD or anti-thyroid (AT) autoantibodies (autoAb) before starting treatment." | ( Barbero, P; Bergamasco, B; Brossa, PC; Durelli, L; Faggiano, F; Ghigo, E; Isoardo, GL; Maccario, M; Oggero, A; Verdun, E, 2001) |
| "It has been studied as a treatment for multiple sclerosis (MS) for the past 30 years and is used by physicians in selected cases of progressive or worsening MS." | ( Cohen, JA; Weiner, HL, 2002) |
| "Forty-eight monthly MRIs of nine non-treated multiple sclerosis patients were evaluated for numbers of CELs and BHs." | ( Bagnato, F; Frank, JA; Jeffries, N; McFarland, HF; Ohayon, JM; Richert, ND; Stone, RD, 2003) |
| "Lumbar CSF and serum pairs of untreated multiple sclerosis patients (MS; n=47) were analyzed on admission." | ( Graser, C; Kleine, TO; Zöfel, P; Zwerenz, P, 2003) |
| "More than 200 patients with treatment-resistant multiple sclerosis have been transplanted so far, mainly in Europe and the USA." | ( Fassas, A; Kimiskidis, VK, 2004) |
| "The use of interferon beta-1a to treat multiple sclerosis in a child of 7 years of age is discussed." | ( Beverley, DW; Etheridge, LJ; Ferrie, C; McManus, E, 2004) |
| "Although cannabinoid treatment of multiple sclerosis symptoms has been shown to be both well tolerated and effective in a number of subjective tests in several small-scale clinical trials, objective measures demonstrating the efficacy of cannabinoids are still lacking." | ( Croxford, JL; Miller, SD, 2004) |
| "Available treatments for multiple sclerosis (MS) require frequent injections and have significant side effects." | ( Gran, B; Kennedy, AR; Martin, A; Parr, JL; Rostami, AM; Tabibzadeh, N; Ventura, ES; Ware, JH; Zhang, GX, 2006) |
| "Although the treatment of multiple sclerosis has made significant strides in the last decade, the therapeutic enhancement of repair has yet to make the successful translation from laboratory to clinic." | ( Bruce, CC; Franklin, RJ; Roulois, AJ; Zawadzka, M; Zhao, C, 2008) |
| "The use of snake venom in the treatment of multiple sclerosis has been, at best, controversial." | ( Reid, PF, 2007) |
| "Currently available treatments for multiple sclerosis (MS) reduce inflammatory lesions on MRI and decrease clinical relapses but have limited effects on disability." | ( Gold, SM; Voskuhl, RR, 2009) |
| "Because the development of new treatments in multiple sclerosis as well as the awareness of the importance of patient-oriented measures have become more important in the last two decades, new outcome measures have been developed with the aim of being more responsive to change and more clinically relevant to patients." | ( Hoogervorst, EL; Kragt, JJ; Polman, CH; Uitdehaag, BM; van Winsen, LM, 2010) |
| "Mitoxantrone was approved for treatment of multiple sclerosis (MS) in October 2000." | ( Al-Sabbagh, A; Bennett, R; Funch, D; Hillier, J; Norman, H; Seeger, JD; Wong, J, 2010) |
| "Orally disposable drugs for the treatment of multiple sclerosis have been research topics for long-term." | ( Hecht, B, 2010) |
| "The current treatments for multiple sclerosis (MS) are, by many measures, not satisfactory." | ( Fontoura, P; Garren, H, 2010) |
| "A variety of emerging therapies for the treatment of multiple sclerosis (MS) are currently in development or have recently been approved by the US Food and Drug Administration (FDA)." | ( Fox, EJ, 2010) |
| "FDA as a new treatment for multiple sclerosis (MS)." | ( Oberlies, NH; Pearce, CJ; Strader, CR, 2011) |
| "With the addition of new agents for the treatment of multiple sclerosis (MS) (e." | ( Agarwal, S; Franklin, M; Meyer, K; Miller, RM; O'Day, K, 2011) |
| "The optimal treatment of multiple sclerosis (MS) is not yet well-defined." | ( Doxani, C; Hadjigeorgiou, GM; Mprotsis, T; Schmid, CH; Zintzaras, E, 2012) |
| "Developing sarcoidosis during treatment of multiple sclerosis with recombinant interferon-beta represents an exceedingly rare and paradoxical adverse event." | ( Chakravarty, SD; Crow, MK; Harris, ME; Schreiner, AM, 2012) |
| "Medication used to treat multiple sclerosis (MS) can be categorized as disease-modifying therapies, symptomatic therapies, or treatment of acute exacerbations." | ( Bainbridge, JL; Egeberg, MD; Oh, CY, 2012) |
| "The efficacy of cannabinoids in the treatment of multiple sclerosis is widely documented; however their use is limited by psychoactivity mainly ascribed to the activation of the cannabinoid receptor CB1." | ( Bifulco, M; D'Alessandro, A; Gazzerro, P; Laezza, C; Macchia, M; Malfitano, AM; Manera, C; Matarese, G; Procaccini, C; Saccomanni, G; Tuccinardi, T, 2013) |
| "Fingolimod is a new and efficient treatment for multiple sclerosis (MS)." | ( Arruda, CC; Arruda, WO; Brooks, JB; Damasceno, A; Damasceno, CA; de Morais, MM; Finkelsztejn, A; Finkelsztejn, J; Fragoso, YD; Gama, PD; Giacomo, MC; Gomes, S; Goncalves, MV; Matta, AP; Oliveira, EM; Ribeiro, Y; Sato, HK; Tauil, CB, 2014) |
| "Recombinant interferon-β is used for treatment of multiple sclerosis, and some untreated multiple sclerosis patients have increased expression levels of type I interferon-inducible genes in immune cells." | ( Börnsen, L; Hedegaard, C; Hesse, D; Krakauer, M; Nielsen, CH; Ratzer, R; Romme Christensen, J; Sellebjerg, F; Sorensen, PS; Søndergaard, HB, 2015) |
| "Fingolimod (FTY720), the first oral treatment for multiple sclerosis (MS), blocks immune cell trafficking and prevents disease relapses by downregulation of sphingosine-1-phosphate receptor." | ( Aly, L; Chitnis, T; Gandhi, R; Glanz, B; Griffin, R; Gwanyalla, N; Hei, H; Kivisakk, P; Kumar, D; Mazzola, MA; Murugaiyan, G; Nejad, P; Patel, B; Pertel, T; Raheja, R; Rajabi, H; Regev, K; Weiner, HL, 2015) |
| "Interruption of natalizumab (NTM) treatment in multiple sclerosis (MS) patients may be followed by disease reactivation." | ( Andreadou, E; Evangelopoulos, DS; Evangelopoulos, ME; Kilidireas, C; Koutoulidis, V, 2016) |
| "Immunomodulatory and immunosuppressive treatments for multiple sclerosis (MS) are associated with an increased risk of infection, which makes treatment of this condition challenging in daily clinical practice." | ( Hartung, HP; Loebermann, M; Reisinger, EC; Winkelmann, A; Zettl, UK, 2016) |
| "LI Tao on peripheral blood T subsets in treating multiple sclerosis (MS) by using association rules and statistical methods, thereby providing evidence for optimizing prescriptions." | ( Li, T; Xu, YG; Yang, XH; Zhang, Q, 2016) |
| "Despite the attention given to the treatment of multiple sclerosis (MS), still no certain cure is available." | ( Balalaie, S; Kamarehei, M; Pejman, S; Pooyan, S; Riazi, G, 2020) |
| "Future treatments of multiple sclerosis (MS), a chronic autoimmune neurodegenerative disease of the central nervous system (CNS), aim for simultaneous early targeting of peripheral immune function and neuroinflammation." | ( Balletta, S; Bruno, A; Bullitta, S; Buttari, F; Caioli, S; Centonze, D; De Vito, F; Dolcetti, E; Fresegna, D; Gentile, A; Guadalupi, L; Mandolesi, G; Musella, A; Nencini, M; Rizzo, FR; Sanna, K; Stampanoni Bassi, M; Vanni, V; Vitiello, L, 2020) |
| "Rituximab is increasingly being used in treatment of multiple Sclerosis (MS) in our centers due to its easy availability, efficacy and favorable side effect profile." | ( Avati, A; Badachi, S; Baptist, AA; Deepalam, S; John, SK; Kamath, V; Mathew, T; Murgod, U; Nadig, R; Parry, GJ; Sarma, GRK; Shaji, A; Sharath Kumar, GG; Shivde, S; Souza, DD; Therambil, M; Thomas, K, 2020) |
| "All subjects were treated at a multiple sclerosis (MS) clinic in Connecticut and enrolled in the Connecticut Medical Marijuana Program (CTMMP)." | ( Ayettey, R; Comerford, B; Guarnaccia, JB; Khan, A; Njike, VY; Treu, JA, 2021) |
| "In the CLARITY (CLAdRIbine Tablets treating multiple sclerosis orallY) study of patients with relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis, treatment with cladribine tablets 3." | ( Alexandri, N; Coyle, PK; Dangond, F; De Stefano, N; Galazka, A; Giovannoni, G; Keller, B; Leist, T; Rammohan, K; Sormani, MP, 2022) |
| "Among all the treatments for Multiple Sclerosis, stem cell transplantation, such as ADSCs, has attracted a great deal of scientific attention." | ( Amirpour, N; Bakhtiari, M; Ghasemi, N; Kazemi, M; Mardani, M; Salehi, H, 2021) |
| "To describe our experience treating multiple sclerosis relapses with a dilute injectable methylprednisolone powder orally administered, in a safe home-based environment and with totally virtual assessment and follow up via telemedicine." | ( Fernández, Ó; Luetic, GG; Menichini, ML, 2021) |
| "In the Cladribine Tablets Treating Multiple Sclerosis Orally (CLARITY) study, cladribine tablets significantly reduced relapse rates and improved findings on magnetic resonance imaging versus placebo in patients with relapsing multiple sclerosis." | ( Comi, G; Dangond, F; Giovannoni, G; Jack, D; Keller, B; Rammohan, K; Rieckmann, P; Vermersch, P, 2021) |
| "Oral MP is cost-effective in the treatment of multiple sclerosis relapses and associated with major savings." | ( Chevreul, K; Coustans, M; Edan, G; Laplaud, DA; Le Page, E; Lebrun, C; Michel, M; Veillard, D; Wardi, R; Wiertlewski, S; Zagnoli, F, 2022) |
| "Dimethyl fumarate (DMF), a treatment for multiple sclerosis, may cause leukopenia and infection." | ( Burk, ML; Cunningham, FE; Gholami, P; Glassman, PA; Heidenreich, PA; Lin, S; Moore, VR; Sahay, A, 2021) |
| "DMF, an approved treatment of multiple sclerosis, as well as DMI, 4OI and MMF, inhibited NLRP3 activation in macrophages in response to lysophosphatidylcholine, which is used to induce demyelination, suggesting a possible mechanism for DMF in multiple sclerosis through NLRP3 inhibition." | ( Allan, SM; Brough, D; Green, JP; Hoyle, C; Lemarchand, E, 2022) |
| "Oral cladribine is a novel treatment for Multiple Sclerosis (MS)." | ( Cola, G; Di Mauro, G; Grimaldi, A; Landi, D; Marfia, GA; Mataluni, G; Nicoletti, CG, 2022) |
| "Mitoxantrone has proved efficacy in treatment of multiple sclerosis (MS)." | ( Abdallah, DM; El Achy, S; El-Abhar, HS; El-Emam, MA; Gowayed, MA, 2022) |
| "Despite significant success in the treatment of multiple sclerosis achieved in the recent years, the issues of therapy for progressive forms of the disease are far from being resolved." | ( Ilves, AG; Prakhova, LN, 2022) |
| "First-line treatments for multiple sclerosis are beta-interferon, glatiramer acetate, dimethyl fumarate and teriflunomide." | ( Burgos-Blasco, BP; Enríquez-Fuentes, JE; Fernandez-Vigo, JI; Pascual-Santiago, MA, 2023) |
| "Symptomatic treatment of Multiple Sclerosis (MS) is crucial, since it helps to lessen the limitations that affect patients' daily lives." | ( Aldarwish, WA; Ali, EN, 2023) |
| "Cladribine has been approved for the treatment of multiple sclerosis (MS) and its administration results in a long-lasting depletion of lymphocytes." | ( Aslan, D; Hagenacker, T; He, X; Kleinschnitz, C; Kleinschnitz, K; Korsen, M; Meuth, SG; Oezalp, SH; Pawlitzki, M; Pfeuffer, S; Pul, R; Rolfes, L; Ruck, T; Skuljec, J; Su, C, 2023) |
| "Cladribine was approved for the treatment of multiple sclerosis (MS)." | ( Ahmed, SF; Al-Hashel, J; AlMojel, M; Alroughani, R, 2023) |