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regulation of postsynaptic cytosolic calcium ion concentration

Definition

Target type: biologicalprocess

Any process that regulates the concentration of calcium in the postsynaptic cytosol. [GOC:dos]

Regulation of postsynaptic cytosolic calcium ion concentration is a tightly controlled process essential for neuronal communication and plasticity. It involves a complex interplay of mechanisms that ensure precise and transient changes in calcium levels within the postsynaptic compartment.

**1. Neurotransmitter Release and Receptor Activation:**
- Upon arrival of an action potential at the presynaptic terminal, neurotransmitters are released into the synaptic cleft.
- These neurotransmitters bind to specific receptors located on the postsynaptic membrane.
- Different neurotransmitter receptors trigger distinct signaling cascades, leading to changes in calcium concentration.

**2. Ligand-Gated Calcium Channels:**
- Some neurotransmitter receptors, particularly those for excitatory neurotransmitters like glutamate, are directly coupled to calcium channels.
- Upon binding of the neurotransmitter, these channels open, allowing calcium ions to flow into the postsynaptic cell.
- This influx of calcium is rapid and localized, contributing to the initial spike in calcium concentration.

**3. G Protein-Coupled Receptors and Calcium Signaling:**
- Other neurotransmitter receptors, such as those for dopamine and serotonin, are coupled to G proteins.
- Activation of these receptors triggers intracellular signaling pathways that indirectly regulate calcium channels.
- This indirect mechanism involves the activation of second messengers, such as cyclic AMP (cAMP) or inositol triphosphate (IP3), which ultimately lead to calcium release from intracellular stores.

**4. Intracellular Calcium Stores:**
- The endoplasmic reticulum (ER) acts as a major intracellular calcium store in neurons.
- Calcium can be released from the ER through various mechanisms, including the activation of IP3 receptors or ryanodine receptors.
- The release of calcium from intracellular stores contributes to the overall increase in postsynaptic calcium concentration.

**5. Calcium Pumps and Exchangers:**
- To maintain appropriate calcium levels, neurons rely on mechanisms that remove calcium from the cytosol.
- Plasma membrane calcium pumps actively transport calcium out of the cell, while calcium exchangers exchange calcium for other ions, such as sodium.
- These mechanisms ensure that the transient increase in calcium concentration is rapidly reversed.

**6. Buffering Proteins:**
- Postsynaptic neurons express various calcium-binding proteins, such as calbindin and parvalbumin.
- These proteins act as buffers, binding to free calcium ions and reducing their concentration.
- Buffering proteins help to regulate the spatial and temporal dynamics of calcium signaling.

**7. Calcium-Dependent Signaling Pathways:**
- The rise in postsynaptic calcium concentration triggers a cascade of downstream signaling pathways that influence neuronal function.
- These pathways involve calcium-dependent kinases and phosphatases, which regulate gene expression, synaptic plasticity, and neuronal survival.

**8. Regulation of Calcium Signaling:**
- The precise regulation of postsynaptic calcium concentration is critical for proper neuronal function.
- Dysregulation of calcium signaling can contribute to various neurological disorders, including epilepsy, Alzheimer's disease, and Parkinson's disease.

**9. Importance of Calcium Regulation:**
- Calcium signaling plays a crucial role in various neuronal processes, including synaptic transmission, long-term potentiation (LTP), and neuronal survival.
- The ability to precisely regulate calcium levels is essential for the proper functioning of the nervous system.'
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Proteins (4)

ProteinDefinitionTaxonomy
Inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate receptor type 1An inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate receptor type 1 that is encoded in the genome of human. [PRO:DNx, UniProtKB:Q14643]Homo sapiens (human)
Metabotropic glutamate receptor 1A metabotropic glutamate receptor 1 that is encoded in the genome of human. [PRO:DNx, UniProtKB:Q13255]Homo sapiens (human)
Glutamate receptor 1A glutamate receptor 1 that is encoded in the genome of human. [PRO:DNx, UniProtKB:P42261]Homo sapiens (human)
Metabotropic glutamate receptor 5A metabotropic glutamate receptor 5 that is encoded in the genome of human. [PRO:DNx, UniProtKB:P41594]Homo sapiens (human)

Compounds (125)

CompoundDefinitionClassesRoles
aminolevulinic acid5-aminolevulinic acid : The simplest delta-amino acid in which the hydrogens at the gamma position are replaced by an oxo group. It is metabolised to protoporphyrin IX, a photoactive compound which accumulates in the skin. Used (in the form of the hydrochloride salt)in combination with blue light illumination for the treatment of minimally to moderately thick actinic keratosis of the face or scalp.

Aminolevulinic Acid: A compound produced from succinyl-CoA and GLYCINE as an intermediate in heme synthesis. It is used as a PHOTOCHEMOTHERAPY for actinic KERATOSIS.
4-oxo monocarboxylic acid;
amino acid zwitterion;
delta-amino acid
antineoplastic agent;
dermatologic drug;
Escherichia coli metabolite;
human metabolite;
mouse metabolite;
photosensitizing agent;
plant metabolite;
prodrug;
Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite
5-aminovaleric acid5-aminopentanoic acid : A delta-amino acid comprising pentanoic acid with an amino substituent at C-5; a methylene homologue of gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) that is a weak GABA agonist.

5-aminovaleric acid: from red fox anal secretion; RN given refers to parent cpd
amino acid zwitterion;
delta-amino acid;
omega-amino fatty acid
human metabolite
benzoic acidaromatic carboxylic acid : Any carboxylic acid in which the carboxy group is directly bonded to an aromatic ring.

benzoic acid : A compound comprising a benzene ring core carrying a carboxylic acid substituent.

Benzoic Acid: A fungistatic compound that is widely used as a food preservative. It is conjugated to GLYCINE in the liver and excreted as hippuric acid.
benzoic acidsalgal metabolite;
antimicrobial food preservative;
drug allergen;
EC 1.13.11.33 (arachidonate 15-lipoxygenase) inhibitor;
EC 3.1.1.3 (triacylglycerol lipase) inhibitor;
human xenobiotic metabolite;
plant metabolite
alanylalaninealanylalanine: RN given refers to (DL)-isomerdipeptide
alpha-amino-3-hydroxy-5-methyl-4-isoxazolepropionic acidalpha-Amino-3-hydroxy-5-methyl-4-isoxazolepropionic Acid: An IBOTENIC ACID homolog and glutamate agonist. The compound is the defining agonist for the AMPA subtype of glutamate receptors (RECEPTORS, AMPA). It has been used as a radionuclide imaging agent but is more commonly used as an experimental tool in cell biological studies.non-proteinogenic alpha-amino acid
alpha-methyl-4-carboxyphenylglycine
ibotenic acidIbotenic Acid: A neurotoxic isoxazole (similar to KAINIC ACID and MUSCIMOL) found in AMANITA mushrooms. It causes motor depression, ataxia, and changes in mood, perceptions and feelings, and is a potent excitatory amino acid agonist.non-proteinogenic alpha-amino acidneurotoxin
4-carboxy-3-hydroxyphenylglycine4-carboxy-3-hydroxyphenylglycine: weak agonist at metabotropic glutamate receptors; occludes the action of 1-aminocyclopentyl-1,3-dicarboxylate in hippocampushydroxybenzoic acid
1-aminoindan-1,5-dicarboxylic acid1-aminoindan-1,5-dicarboxylic acid: structure given in first source
cyclothiazidecyclothiazide : 3,4-Dihydro-2H-1,2,4-benzothiadiazine 1,1-dioxide substituted at positions 3, 5 and 6 by a 2-norbornen-5-yl group, chlorine, and a sulfonamide group, respectively. A thiazide diuretic, it has been used in the management of hypertension and oedema.

cyclothiazide: inhibits the desensitization of AMPA-type receptors; structure
benzothiadiazineantihypertensive agent;
diuretic
4-carboxyphenylglycine4-carboxyphenylglycine: RN given for (+-)-isomer; RN for cpd without isomeric designation not available 3/93; glutamate receptor antagonistalpha-amino acid
aspartic acidaspartic acid : An alpha-amino acid that consists of succinic acid bearing a single alpha-amino substituent

Aspartic Acid: One of the non-essential amino acids commonly occurring in the L-form. It is found in animals and plants, especially in sugar cane and sugar beets. It may be a neurotransmitter.

L-aspartic acid : The L-enantiomer of aspartic acid.
aspartate family amino acid;
aspartic acid;
L-alpha-amino acid;
proteinogenic amino acid
Escherichia coli metabolite;
mouse metabolite;
neurotransmitter
kainic acidKainic Acid: (2S-(2 alpha,3 beta,4 beta))-2-Carboxy-4-(1-methylethenyl)-3-pyrrolidineacetic acid. Ascaricide obtained from the red alga Digenea simplex. It is a potent excitatory amino acid agonist at some types of excitatory amino acid receptors and has been used to discriminate among receptor types. Like many excitatory amino acid agonists it can cause neurotoxicity and has been used experimentally for that purpose.dicarboxylic acid;
L-proline derivative;
non-proteinogenic L-alpha-amino acid;
pyrrolidinecarboxylic acid
antinematodal drug;
excitatory amino acid agonist
glycylglycinedipeptide;
dipeptide zwitterion
human metabolite
d-glutamateD-alpha-amino acid;
glutamic acid
Escherichia coli metabolite;
mouse metabolite
glutamic acidglutamic acid : An alpha-amino acid that is glutaric acid bearing a single amino substituent at position 2.

Glutamic Acid: A non-essential amino acid naturally occurring in the L-form. Glutamic acid is the most common excitatory neurotransmitter in the CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM.
glutamic acid;
glutamine family amino acid;
L-alpha-amino acid;
proteinogenic amino acid
Escherichia coli metabolite;
ferroptosis inducer;
micronutrient;
mouse metabolite;
neurotransmitter;
nutraceutical
quisqualic acidQuisqualic Acid: An agonist at two subsets of excitatory amino acid receptors, ionotropic receptors that directly control membrane channels and metabotropic receptors that indirectly mediate calcium mobilization from intracellular stores. The compound is obtained from the seeds and fruit of Quisqualis chinensis.non-proteinogenic alpha-amino acid
quinpirolequinpirole : A pyrazoloquinoline that is (4aR,8aR)-4,4a,5,6,7,8,8a,9-octahydro-1H-pyrazolo[3,4-g]quinoline substituted by a propyl group at position 5. It acts as a dopamine agonist.

Quinpirole: A dopamine D2/D3 receptor agonist.
pyrazoloquinolinedopamine agonist
selfotelselfotel: a N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) antagonist; used to treat stroke-induced impairmentnon-proteinogenic alpha-amino acid
1-amino-1,3-dicarboxycyclopentane, (trans)-isomer
leucyl-alanineLeu-Ala : A dipeptide composed of L-leucine and L-alanine joined by a peptide linkage.dipeptidemetabolite
alanylprolinealanylproline: RN given refers to all (L)-isomerdipeptide;
dipeptide zwitterion
metabolite
d-aspartic acidaspartic acid;
D-alpha-amino acid
mouse metabolite
L-2-aminoadipic acidL-2-aminoadipic acid : The L-enantiomer of 2-aminoadipic acid.2-aminoadipic acidEscherichia coli metabolite;
human metabolite
glycylleucineGly-Leu : A dipeptide composed of glycine and L-leucine joined by a peptide linkage.dipeptide;
dipeptide zwitterion
metabolite
alanyltyrosineAla-Tyr : A dipeptide composed of L-alanine and L-tyrosine joined by a peptide linkage.

alanyltyrosine: tyrosine source; RN given refers to (L)-isomer
dipeptidemetabolite
glycylsarcosineglycylsarcosine : A dipeptide obtained by formal condensation of the carboxy group of glycine with the amino group of sarcosine.dipeptide;
dipeptide zwitterion
glycylaspartic acidglycylaspartic acid: RN given refers to (L)-isomerdipeptidemetabolite
alpha-aminopimelic acid2-aminopimelic acid : An amino dicarboxylic acid that is heptanedioic acid in which a hydrogen at position 2 is replaced by an amino group. It is a component of the cell wall peptidoglycan of bacteria.

alpha-aminopimelic acid: antagonizes glutamate-induced inhibitions of Helix neurones
amino dicarboxylic acid;
non-proteinogenic alpha-amino acid
bacterial metabolite
histidinoalaninehistidinoalanine: cross-linking amino acid in calcified tissue collagen; RN given refers to (L)-isomerdipeptide;
dipeptide zwitterion
metabolite
1-amino-1,3-dicarboxycyclopentane1-amino-1,3-dicarboxycyclopentane: RN given refers to (cis)-isomer
jstx-3JSTX-3: structure in first sourceN-acyl-amino acid
argiotoxin-636argiotoxin-636: from the venom of Argiope aurantia; blocks neuromuscular transmission in insects; structure in first source.N-acyl-amino acid
2-amino-3-(3-(carboxymethoxy)-5-methylisoxazol-4-yl)propionic acid2-amino-3-(3-(carboxymethoxy)-5-methylisoxazol-4-yl)propionic acid: glutamate receptor antagonist; protects against kainic acid neurotoxicity in cultured cerebral cortex neurons
5-fluorowillardiine3-(5-fluorouracil-1-yl)-L-alanine : An alanine derivative that is L-alanine bearing a 5-fluorouracil-1-yl substituent at position 3. A more potent and selective AMPA receptor agonist (at hGluR1 and hGluR2) than AMPA itself (Ki = 14.7, 25.1, and 1820 nM for hGluR1, hGluR2 and hGluR5 respectively).

5-fluorowillardiine: a glutamate agonist; RN given for (S)-isomer
L-alanine derivative;
non-proteinogenic L-alpha-amino acid;
organofluorine compound
AMPA receptor agonist
gyki 53655GYKI 53655: an AMPA (alpha-amino-3-hydroxy-5-methylisoxazole-4-propionate) receptor antagonist
ly 293558tezampanel: structure given in first source; an AMPA receptor antagonist
alanylglutamic acidalanylglutamic acid: RN given refers to (L)-isomer

L-alanyl-L-glutamic acid : A dipeptide consisting of L-glutamic acid having an L-alanyl attached to its alpha-amino group
dipeptide
prolyl-tyrosinePro-Tyr : A dipeptide formed from L-proline and L-tyrosine residues.

prolyl-tyrosine: structure given in first source
dipeptidemetabolite
alpha-amino-3-hydroxy-5-methyl-4-isoxazolepropionic acid
philanthotoxin 343philanthotoxin 343: structure given in first source (see article's footnote); identical to philanthotoxin 433 except that the number of methylene groups between the respective amine moieties is 3,4,3 instead of 4,3,3N-acyl-amino acid
5-bromowillardiine5-bromowillardiine: acts as a kainate-like agonist on chick EAA receptors expressed in Xenopus oocytes; RN given refers to (S)-isomer; RN for cpd without isomeric designation not avail 5/91
alpha-amino-3-(hydroxy)-5-methyl-4-isoxazoleacetic acidalpha-amino-3-(hydroxy)-5-methyl-4-isoxazoleacetic acid: RN given refers to cpd without isomeric designation; structure given in first source
homocysteic acidhomocysteic acid : A non-proteinogenic alpha-amino acid that is homocysteine in which the thiol group has benn oxidised to the corresponding sulfonic acid.

homocysteic acid: promotes growth in hypophysectomized rats; RN given refers to parent cpd

L-homocysteic acid : A homocysteic acid with L-configuration.
homocysteic acidNMDA receptor agonist
2-amino-4-phosphonobutyric acid(2S)-2-amino-4-phosphonobutanoic acid : A non-proteinogenc L-alpha-amino acid that is L-alpha-aminobutyric acid in which one of the hydrogens of the terminal methyl group has been replaced by a dihydroxy(oxido)-lambda(5)-phosphanyl group. It is a potent and selective agonist for the group III metabotropic glutamate receptors (mGluR4/6/7/8).non-proteinogenic L-alpha-amino acid;
phosphonic acids
metabotropic glutamate receptor agonist
prolylglutamic acidPro-Glu : A dipeptide formed from L-proline and L-glutamic acid residues.dipeptidemetabolite
eglumetadeglumetad: LY-354740 is the active isomer, LY-366563 is the inactive isomer, and LY 314582 is the racemate; structure given in first sourceL-alpha-amino acid
inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphateInositol 1,4,5-Trisphosphate: Intracellular messenger formed by the action of phospholipase C on phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate, which is one of the phospholipids that make up the cell membrane. Inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate is released into the cytoplasm where it releases calcium ions from internal stores within the cell's endoplasmic reticulum. These calcium ions stimulate the activity of B kinase or calmodulin.myo-inositol trisphosphatemouse metabolite
cysteinylglycinecysteinylglycine: RN given refers to (L)-isomer; RN for cpd without isomeric designation not in Chemlne 7/13/83

L-cysteinylglycine : A dipeptide consisting of glycine having an L-cysteinyl attached to its alpha-amino group. It is an intermediate metabolite in glutathione metabolism.
dipeptide;
dipeptide zwitterion
Escherichia coli metabolite;
human metabolite;
Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite
willardiine3-(uracil-1-yl)-L-alanine : The 3-(uracil-1-yl) derivative of L-alanine.

willardiine: isolated from seeds of Acacia willariana; structure
amino acid zwitterion;
L-alanine derivative;
non-proteinogenic L-alpha-amino acid
3,5-dihydroxyphenylglycine(S)-3,5-dihydroxyphenylglycine : A glycine derivative that is L-alpha-phenylglycine substituted at positions 3 and 5 on the phenyl ring by hydroxy groups.amino acid zwitterion;
non-proteinogenic L-alpha-amino acid;
resorcinols
alpha-methyl-4-carboxyphenylglycine(S)-alpha-methyl-4-carboxyphenylglycine : A non-proteinogenic alpha-amino acid that is alanine in which the alpha-hydrogen is replaced by a 4-carboxyphenyl group (the S-enantiomer). It is a non-selective group I/group II metabotropic glutamate receptor (mGluR) antagonist.

alpha-methyl-4-carboxyphenylglycine: glutamate receptor antagonist
non-proteinogenic alpha-amino acidmetabotropic glutamate receptor antagonist
(S)-ATPA(S)-ATPA : A non-proteinogenic L-alpha-amino acid that is L-alanine in which one of the methyl hydrogens is replaced by a 5-tert-butyl-3-hydroxy-isooxazol-4-yl group.isoxazoles;
non-proteinogenic L-alpha-amino acid
metabolite
aspartyl-aspartic acidAsp-Asp : A dipeptide formed from two L-aspartic acid units.

aspartyl-aspartic acid: do not confuse with cyclo(Asp-Asp)
dipeptideMycoplasma genitalium metabolite
9-(dimethylamino)-3-(4-methoxyphenyl)-4-pyrido[1,2]thieno[3,4-d]pyrimidinoneorganic heterobicyclic compound;
organonitrogen heterocyclic compound;
organosulfur heterocyclic compound
4-bromohomoibotenic acid, (rs)-isomer
glycylprolineGly-Pro : A dipeptide consisting of L-proline having a glycyl residue attached to its alpha-amino group.dipeptide;
dipeptide zwitterion
metabolite
6-methyl-2-(phenylethynyl)pyridine2-methyl-6-(phenylethynyl)pyridine : A methylpyridine that coinsists of 2-methylp[yridine bearing an additional phenylethynyl group at position 6. Potent and highly selective non-competitive antagonist at the mGlu5 receptor subtype (IC50 = 36 nM) and a positive allosteric modulator at mGlu4 receptors. Centrally active following systemic administration in vivo. Reverses mechanical hyperalgesia in the inflamed rat hind paw.

6-methyl-2-(phenylethynyl)pyridine: an mGlu5 antagonist
acetylenic compound;
methylpyridines
anxiolytic drug;
metabotropic glutamate receptor antagonist
4-methylglutamic acid, threo-(l)-isomer
2,3-dioxo-6-nitro-7-sulfamoylbenzo(f)quinoxaline2,3-dioxo-6-nitro-7-sulfamoylbenzo(f)quinoxaline: structure given in first source; neuroprotectant for cerebral ischemia; AMPA receptor antagonistnaphthalenes;
sulfonic acid derivative
2-chloro-5-hydroxyphenylglycine2-chloro-5-hydroxyphenylglycine: activates mGlu(5) receptors; structure in first source
6-cyano-7-nitroquinoxaline-2,3-dione6-Cyano-7-nitroquinoxaline-2,3-dione: A potent excitatory amino acid antagonist with a preference for non-NMDA iontropic receptors. It is used primarily as a research tool.quinoxaline derivative
fg 9041FG 9041: structure given in first sourcequinoxaline derivative
seryl-prolineSer-Pro : A dipeptide formed from L-serine and L-proline residues.dipeptidemetabolite
sib 1757SIB 1757: a selective mGluR5 antagonist; structure in first source
l-2-(carboxypropyl)glycine
2-(2,3-dicarboxycyclopropyl)glycine
2r,4r-4-aminopyrrolidine-2,4-dicarboxylatepyrrolidinedicarboxylic acid
upf 596UPF 596: structure in first source
ly-367385
sib 1893SIB 1893: a selective mGluR5 antagonist; structure in first source
4-carboxy-3-hydroxyphenylglycine
lofepramine hydrochloride
phenylalanylalaninePhe-Ala : A dipeptide formed from L-phenylalanine and L-alanine residues.

phenylalanylalanine: RN given refers to (L)-isomer
dipeptide;
dipeptide zwitterion
metabolite
acetylalanylalanineacetylalanylalanine: RN given refers to (D)-isomer
alpha-aspartylalaninealpha-aspartylalanine: found in pig brain

Asp-Ala : A dipeptide formed from L-alpha-aspartyl and L-valine residues.
dipeptidemetabolite
alanyltyrosineTyr-Ala : A dipeptide formed from L-tyrosine and L-alanine residues.dipeptidemetabolite
prolylglycineL-prolylglycine : A dipeptide consisting of glycine having an L-prolyl group attached to its alpha-amino nitrogen.

prolylglycine: RN given refers to (L)-isomer
dipeptide;
dipeptide zwitterion
cx 6142H,3H,6aH-pyrrolidino(2'',1''-3',2')1,3-oxazino(6',5'-5,4)benzo(e)1, 4-dioxan-10-one: an ampakine (AMPA receptor modulator); structure in first source
1-amino-1,3-dicarboxycyclopentane, cis-(1s,3s)-isomer
ampa, (r)-isomer
1-aminocyclopentane-1,3,4-tricarboxylic acid1-aminocyclopentane-1,3,4-tricarboxylic acid: metabolic glutamate receptor (mGluR) antagonist; structure in first source
dinitrofluorobenzene3,3'-difluorobenzaldazine: a selective positive allosteric modulator of mGluR5 activity; structure in first source
glutamylalanineGlu-Ala : A dipeptide formed from L-alpha-glutamyl and L-alanine residues.dipeptidemetabolite
phenylalanylphenylalaninePhe-Phe : A dipeptide formed from two L-phenylalanine residues.dipeptide;
L-aminoacyl-L-amino acid zwitterion
human blood serum metabolite;
Mycoplasma genitalium metabolite
phenylalanyl-valineVal-Phe : A dipeptide formed from L-valine and L-phenylalanine residues.dipeptidemetabolite
alanylglycinedipeptide;
dipeptide zwitterion
metabolite
valyltyrosineVal-Tyr : A dipeptide formed from L-valine and L-tyrosine residues.

valyltyrosine: from sardine muscle hydrolyzate
dipeptidemetabolite
phenylalanylprolinePhe-Pro : A dipeptide formed from L-phenylalanine and L-proline residues.dipeptidemetabolite
glycylhistidineGly-His : A dipeptide composed of glycine and L-histidine joined by a peptide linkage.

glycylhistidine: RN given refers to (L)-isomer
dipeptide;
dipeptide zwitterion
metabolite
prolyl-serinePro-Ser : A dipeptide formed from L-proline and L-serine residues.dipeptidemetabolite
3-((2-methyl-1,3-thiazol-4-yl)ethynyl)piperidine3-((2-methyl-1,3-thiazol-4-yl)ethynyl)piperidine: an excitatory amino acid antagonist
ly 341495xanthenes
prolylvalineVal-Pro : A dipeptide formed from L-valine and L-proline residues.dipeptidemetabolite
mgs 0028MGS 0028: a group II mGluR agonist; structure in first source
azd9272AZD9272: an mGluR5 antagonist
tqx 173
bay36-7620BAY36-7620: a potent non-competitive mGlu1 receptor antagonist with inverse agonist activity. ; structure in first source
perampanelperampanel : A member of the class of bipyridines that is 2,3'-bipyridin-6'-one substituted at positions 1' and 5' by phenyl and 2-cyanophenyl groups respectively. Used as an adjunctive therapy for the treatment of partial-onset seizures in patients with epilepsy.bipyridines;
nitrile;
pyridone
AMPA receptor antagonist;
anticonvulsant
mavoglurantmavoglurant: antagonist of metabotropic glutamate receptor 5
ly 404187LY 404187: structure in first source
n-(4-chloro-2-((1,3-dioxo-1,3-dihydro-2h-isoindol-2-yl)methyl)phenyl)-2-hydroxybenzamideN-(4-chloro-2-((1,3-dioxo-1,3-dihydro-2H-isoindol-2-yl)methyl)phenyl)-2-hydroxybenzamide: a positive allosteric modulator of mGluR5; structure in first source
ly 389795LY 389795: a group II metabotropic glutamate receptor agonist; structure in first source
ly 379268LY 379268 : An organic heterobicyclic compound that is (1R,5S)-2-oxabicyclo[3.1.0]hexane carrying amino, carboxy, and carboxy groups at positions 4R, 4R and 6R, respectively. It is a potent agonist of group II metabotropic glutamate receptors mGluR2 and mGluR3 (EC50 = 2.69 nM and 4.48 nM, respectively) that exhibits antipsychotic-like action in animal models of schizophrenia.

LY 379268: group II metabotropic glutamate receptor agonist; structure in first source
amino dicarboxylic acid;
bridged compound;
organic heterobicyclic compound
antipsychotic agent;
anxiolytic drug;
metabotropic glutamate receptor agonist;
neuroprotective agent
3-(5-pyridin-2-yl-2h-tetrazol-2-yl)benzonitrile3-(5-pyridin-2-yl-2H-tetrazol-2-yl)benzonitrile: structure in first source
3-fluoro-5-(5-pyridin-2-yl-2h-tetrazol-2-yl)benzonitrile3-fluoro-5-(5-pyridin-2-yl-2H-tetrazol-2-yl)benzonitrile: structure in first source
r 214127R 214127: an mGlu1 receptor ligand; structure in first source
3-cyano-n-(1,3-diphenyl-1h-pyrazol-5-yl)benzamide3-cyano-N-(1,3-diphenyl-1H-pyrazol-5-yl)benzamide: affects mGluR5 receptors; structure in first source
jnj16259685organic heterotricyclic compound;
organonitrogen heterocyclic compound;
oxacycle
adx 47273
basimglurant
a 794282
a-841720A-841720: structure in first source
ro 49563712-chloro-4-((2,5-dimethyl-1-(4-(trifluoromethoxy)phenyl)-1H-imidazol-4-yl)ethynyl)pyridine: a metabotropic glutamate receptor 5 antagonist; structure in first source
vu0092273VU0092273: mGlu(5) positive allosteric modulator
sp 2033-fluoro-5-(2-(2-(fluoromethyl)thiazol-4-yl)ethynyl)benzonitrile: a radioligand for mGlu5 receptor; structure in first source
vu0361737
6-fluoro-2-(4-(pyridin-2-yl)but-3-yn-1-yl)imidazo(1,2-a)pyridine6-fluoro-2-(4-(pyridin-2-yl)but-3-yn-1-yl)imidazo(1,2-a)pyridine: an mGluR5 antagonist; structure in first source
wms 1410
vu0409106VU0409106: a metabotropic glutamate receptor 5 antagonist; structure in first source
n-cyclobutyl-6-((3-fluorophenyl)ethynyl)nicotinamideN-cyclobutyl-6-((3-fluorophenyl)ethynyl)nicotinamide: an mGlu5 agonist; structure in first source
ml289ML289: metabotropic glutamate receptor 3 probe
lsn2463359
3-chloro-5-(6-(5-fluoropyridin-2-yl)pyrimidin-4-yl)benzonitrile3-chloro-5-(6-(5-fluoropyridin-2-yl)pyrimidin-4-yl)benzonitrile: a metabotropic glutamate receptor 5 antagonist; structure in first source
fenobamfenobam: in USAN fenobam refers to monohydrateureas