Page last updated: 2024-10-06
Neurotransmitter release cycle
Proteins (30)
| Protein | Synonyms | Taxonomy |
|---|---|---|
| Peripheral-type benzodiazepine receptor-associated protein 1 | PRAX-1; Peripheral benzodiazepine receptor-interacting protein; PBR-IP; RIMS-binding protein 1; RIM-BP1; TSPO-associated protein 1 | Homo sapiens (human) |
| Glutaminase liver isoform, mitochondrial | GLS; EC 3.5.1.2; L-glutaminase; L-glutamine amidohydrolase | Homo sapiens (human) |
| Amine oxidase [flavin-containing] A | EC 1.4.3.4; Monoamine oxidase type A; MAO-A | Homo sapiens (human) |
| Synaptic vesicular amine transporter | Monoamine transporter; Solute carrier family 18 member 2; Vesicular amine transporter 2; VAT2 | Homo sapiens (human) |
| Vesicular acetylcholine transporter | VAChT; Solute carrier family 18 member 3 | Homo sapiens (human) |
| Glutamate decarboxylase 1 | EC 4.1.1.15; 67 kDa glutamic acid decarboxylase; GAD-67; Glutamate decarboxylase 67 kDa isoform | Homo sapiens (human) |
| Sodium- and chloride-dependent betaine transporter | BGT-1; Na(+)/Cl(-) betaine/GABA transporter; Solute carrier family 6 member 12 | Homo sapiens (human) |
| 4-aminobutyrate aminotransferase, mitochondrial | EC 2.6.1.19; (S)-3-amino-2-methylpropionate transaminase; 2.6.1.22; GABA aminotransferase; GABA-AT; Gamma-amino-N-butyrate transaminase; GABA transaminase; GABA-T; L-AIBAT | Homo sapiens (human) |
| Heat shock cognate 71 kDa protein | EC 3.6.4.10; Heat shock 70 kDa protein 8; Lipopolysaccharide-associated protein 1; LAP-1; LPS-associated protein 1 | Homo sapiens (human) |
| Glutamate decarboxylase 2 | EC 4.1.1.15; 65 kDa glutamic acid decarboxylase; GAD-65; Glutamate decarboxylase 65 kDa isoform | Homo sapiens (human) |
| High affinity choline transporter 1 | Hemicholinium-3-sensitive choline transporter; CHT; Solute carrier family 5 member 7 | Homo sapiens (human) |
| Peripheral plasma membrane protein CASK | hCASK; EC 2.7.11.1; Calcium/calmodulin-dependent serine protein kinase; Protein lin-2 homolog | Homo sapiens (human) |
| Glutaminase kidney isoform, mitochondrial | GLS; EC 3.5.1.2; K-glutaminase; L-glutamine amidohydrolase | Homo sapiens (human) |
| N-acylethanolamine-hydrolyzing acid amidase | EC 3.5.1.60; Acid ceramidase-like protein; Acylsphingosine deacylase NAAA; 3.5.1.23; N-acylsphingosine amidohydrolase-like; ASAH-like protein | Homo sapiens (human) |
| Choline O-acetyltransferase | CHOACTase; ChAT; Choline acetylase; EC 2.3.1.6 | Homo sapiens (human) |
| DnaJ homolog subfamily C member 5 | Ceroid-lipofuscinosis neuronal protein 4; Cysteine string protein; CSP | Homo sapiens (human) |
| Succinate-semialdehyde dehydrogenase, mitochondrial | EC 1.2.1.24; Aldehyde dehydrogenase family 5 member A1; NAD(+)-dependent succinic semialdehyde dehydrogenase | Homo sapiens (human) |
| Vesicular inhibitory amino acid transporter | GABA and glycine transporter; Solute carrier family 32 member 1; Vesicular GABA transporter; hVIAAT | Homo sapiens (human) |
| Synaptosomal-associated protein 25 | SNAP-25; Super protein; SUP; Synaptosomal-associated 25 kDa protein | Homo sapiens (human) |
| Synaptotagmin-1 | Synaptotagmin I; SytI; p65 | Homo sapiens (human) |
| Vesicle-associated membrane protein 2 | VAMP-2; Synaptobrevin-2 | Homo sapiens (human) |
| Regulating synaptic membrane exocytosis protein 1 | Rab-3-interacting molecule 1; RIM 1; Rab-3-interacting protein 2 | Homo sapiens (human) |
| Complexin-1 | Complexin I; CPX I; Synaphin-2 | Homo sapiens (human) |
| PRA1 family protein 3 | ADP-ribosylation factor-like protein 6-interacting protein 5; ARL-6-interacting protein 5; Aip-5; Cytoskeleton-related vitamin A-responsive protein; Dermal papilla-derived protein 11; GTRAP3-18; Glutamate transporter EAAC1-interacting protein; JM5; Prenyl | Homo sapiens (human) |
| Protein unc-13 homolog B | Munc13-2; munc13 | Homo sapiens (human) |
| Ras-related protein Rab-3A | Homo sapiens (human) | |
| Amyloid-beta A4 precursor protein-binding family A member 1 | Adapter protein X11alpha; Neuron-specific X11 protein; Neuronal Munc18-1-interacting protein 1; Mint-1 | Homo sapiens (human) |
| Syntaxin-1A | Neuron-specific antigen HPC-1 | Homo sapiens (human) |
| Sodium-coupled neutral amino acid transporter 2 | Amino acid transporter A2; Protein 40-9-1; Solute carrier family 38 member 2; System A amino acid transporter 2; System A transporter 1; System N amino acid transporter 2 | Homo sapiens (human) |
| Vesicular glutamate transporter 1 | VGluT1; Brain-specific Na(+)-dependent inorganic phosphate cotransporter; Solute carrier family 17 member 7 | Homo sapiens (human) |
Compounds (29)
| Compound | Description |
|---|---|
| hydronium ion | |
| Succinate | |
| Acetylcholine | A neurotransmitter found at neuromuscular junctions, autonomic ganglia, parasympathetic effector junctions, a subset of sympathetic effector junctions, and at many sites in the central nervous system. |
| NADH | |
| ammonium hydroxide | The hydroxy salt of ammonium ion. It is formed when AMMONIA reacts with water molecules in solution. |
| Ammonium | |
| Calcium | A basic element found in nearly all tissues. It is a member of the alkaline earth family of metals with the atomic symbol Ca, atomic number 20, and atomic weight 40. Calcium is the most abundant mineral in the body and combines with phosphorus to form calcium phosphate in the bones and teeth. It is essential for the normal functioning of nerves and muscles and plays a role in blood coagulation (as factor IV) and in many enzymatic processes. |
| Carbon Dioxide | A colorless, odorless gas that can be formed by the body and is necessary for the respiration cycle of plants and animals. |
| choline | A basic constituent of lecithin that is found in many plants and animal organs. It is important as a precursor of acetylcholine, as a methyl donor in various metabolic processes, and in lipid metabolism. |
| chlorine | An element with atomic symbol Cl, atomic number 17, and atomic weight 35, and member of the halogen family. |
| Orthophosphate | |
| Dopamine Hydrochloride | |
| adenosine diphosphate | Adenosine 5'-(trihydrogen diphosphate). An adenine nucleotide containing two phosphate groups esterified to the sugar moiety at the 5'-position. |
| Hydrogen Peroxide | A strong oxidizing agent used in aqueous solution as a ripening agent, bleach, and topical anti-infective. It is relatively unstable and solutions deteriorate over time unless stabilized by the addition of acetanilide or similar organic materials. |
| potassium | An element in the alkali group of metals with an atomic symbol K, atomic number 19, and atomic weight 39.10. It is the chief cation in the intracellular fluid of muscle and other cells. Potassium ion is a strong electrolyte that plays a significant role in the regulation of fluid volume and maintenance of the WATER-ELECTROLYTE BALANCE. |
| Sodium | A member of the alkali group of metals. It has the atomic symbol Na, atomic number 11, and atomic weight 23. |
| Water | A clear, odorless, tasteless liquid that is essential for most animal and plant life and is an excellent solvent for many substances. The chemical formula is hydrogen oxide (H2O). (McGraw-Hill Dictionary of Scientific and Technical Terms, 4th ed) |
| Oxygen | An element with atomic symbol O, atomic number 8, and atomic weight [15.99903; 15.99977]. It is the most abundant element on earth and essential for respiration. |
| nad | A coenzyme composed of ribosylnicotinamide 5'-diphosphate coupled to adenosine 5'-phosphate by pyrophosphate linkage. It is found widely in nature and is involved in numerous enzymatic reactions in which it serves as an electron carrier by being alternately oxidized (NAD+) and reduced (NADH). (Dorland, 27th ed) |
| alpha-Ketoglutarate | |
| Serotonin | A biochemical messenger and regulator, synthesized from the essential amino acid L-TRYPTOPHAN. In humans it is found primarily in the central nervous system, gastrointestinal tract, and blood platelets. Serotonin mediates several important physiological functions including neurotransmission, gastrointestinal motility, hemostasis, and cardiovascular integrity. Multiple receptor families (RECEPTORS, SEROTONIN) explain the broad physiological actions and distribution of this biochemical mediator. |
| glutamate | |
| adenosine triphosphate | An adenine nucleotide containing three phosphate groups esterified to the sugar moiety. In addition to its crucial roles in metabolism adenosine triphosphate is a neurotransmitter. |
| polyglutamine | RN given for (D)-isomer |
| ethanolamine | A viscous, hygroscopic amino alcohol with an ammoniacal odor. It is widely distributed in biological tissue and is a component of lecithin. It is used as a surfactant, fluorimetric reagent, and to remove CO2 and H2S from natural gas and other gases. |
| 3,4-dihydroxyphenylglycolaldehyde | |
| Coenzyme A | |
| Acetyl Coenzyme A | Acetyl CoA participates in the biosynthesis of fatty acids and sterols, in the oxidation of fatty acids and in the metabolism of many amino acids. It also acts as a biological acetylating agent. |
| Flavin-Adenine Dinucleotide | A condensation product of riboflavin and adenosine diphosphate. The coenzyme of various aerobic dehydrogenases, e.g., D-amino acid oxidase and L-amino acid oxidase. (Lehninger, Principles of Biochemistry, 1982, p972) |