Page last updated: 2024-10-06

Neurotransmitter release cycle

Proteins (30)

ProteinSynonymsTaxonomy
Peripheral-type benzodiazepine receptor-associated protein 1PRAX-1; Peripheral benzodiazepine receptor-interacting protein; PBR-IP; RIMS-binding protein 1; RIM-BP1; TSPO-associated protein 1Homo sapiens (human)
Glutaminase liver isoform, mitochondrialGLS; EC 3.5.1.2; L-glutaminase; L-glutamine amidohydrolaseHomo sapiens (human)
Amine oxidase [flavin-containing] AEC 1.4.3.4; Monoamine oxidase type A; MAO-AHomo sapiens (human)
Synaptic vesicular amine transporterMonoamine transporter; Solute carrier family 18 member 2; Vesicular amine transporter 2; VAT2Homo sapiens (human)
Vesicular acetylcholine transporterVAChT; Solute carrier family 18 member 3Homo sapiens (human)
Glutamate decarboxylase 1EC 4.1.1.15; 67 kDa glutamic acid decarboxylase; GAD-67; Glutamate decarboxylase 67 kDa isoformHomo sapiens (human)
Sodium- and chloride-dependent betaine transporterBGT-1; Na(+)/Cl(-) betaine/GABA transporter; Solute carrier family 6 member 12Homo sapiens (human)
4-aminobutyrate aminotransferase, mitochondrialEC 2.6.1.19; (S)-3-amino-2-methylpropionate transaminase; 2.6.1.22; GABA aminotransferase; GABA-AT; Gamma-amino-N-butyrate transaminase; GABA transaminase; GABA-T; L-AIBATHomo sapiens (human)
Heat shock cognate 71 kDa proteinEC 3.6.4.10; Heat shock 70 kDa protein 8; Lipopolysaccharide-associated protein 1; LAP-1; LPS-associated protein 1Homo sapiens (human)
Glutamate decarboxylase 2EC 4.1.1.15; 65 kDa glutamic acid decarboxylase; GAD-65; Glutamate decarboxylase 65 kDa isoformHomo sapiens (human)
High affinity choline transporter 1Hemicholinium-3-sensitive choline transporter; CHT; Solute carrier family 5 member 7Homo sapiens (human)
Peripheral plasma membrane protein CASKhCASK; EC 2.7.11.1; Calcium/calmodulin-dependent serine protein kinase; Protein lin-2 homologHomo sapiens (human)
Glutaminase kidney isoform, mitochondrialGLS; EC 3.5.1.2; K-glutaminase; L-glutamine amidohydrolaseHomo sapiens (human)
N-acylethanolamine-hydrolyzing acid amidaseEC 3.5.1.60; Acid ceramidase-like protein; Acylsphingosine deacylase NAAA; 3.5.1.23; N-acylsphingosine amidohydrolase-like; ASAH-like proteinHomo sapiens (human)
Choline O-acetyltransferaseCHOACTase; ChAT; Choline acetylase; EC 2.3.1.6Homo sapiens (human)
DnaJ homolog subfamily C member 5Ceroid-lipofuscinosis neuronal protein 4; Cysteine string protein; CSPHomo sapiens (human)
Succinate-semialdehyde dehydrogenase, mitochondrialEC 1.2.1.24; Aldehyde dehydrogenase family 5 member A1; NAD(+)-dependent succinic semialdehyde dehydrogenaseHomo sapiens (human)
Vesicular inhibitory amino acid transporterGABA and glycine transporter; Solute carrier family 32 member 1; Vesicular GABA transporter; hVIAATHomo sapiens (human)
Synaptosomal-associated protein 25SNAP-25; Super protein; SUP; Synaptosomal-associated 25 kDa proteinHomo sapiens (human)
Synaptotagmin-1Synaptotagmin I; SytI; p65Homo sapiens (human)
Vesicle-associated membrane protein 2VAMP-2; Synaptobrevin-2Homo sapiens (human)
Regulating synaptic membrane exocytosis protein 1Rab-3-interacting molecule 1; RIM 1; Rab-3-interacting protein 2Homo sapiens (human)
Complexin-1Complexin I; CPX I; Synaphin-2Homo sapiens (human)
PRA1 family protein 3ADP-ribosylation factor-like protein 6-interacting protein 5; ARL-6-interacting protein 5; Aip-5; Cytoskeleton-related vitamin A-responsive protein; Dermal papilla-derived protein 11; GTRAP3-18; Glutamate transporter EAAC1-interacting protein; JM5; PrenylHomo sapiens (human)
Protein unc-13 homolog BMunc13-2; munc13Homo sapiens (human)
Ras-related protein Rab-3AHomo sapiens (human)
Amyloid-beta A4 precursor protein-binding family A member 1Adapter protein X11alpha; Neuron-specific X11 protein; Neuronal Munc18-1-interacting protein 1; Mint-1Homo sapiens (human)
Syntaxin-1ANeuron-specific antigen HPC-1Homo sapiens (human)
Sodium-coupled neutral amino acid transporter 2Amino acid transporter A2; Protein 40-9-1; Solute carrier family 38 member 2; System A amino acid transporter 2; System A transporter 1; System N amino acid transporter 2Homo sapiens (human)
Vesicular glutamate transporter 1VGluT1; Brain-specific Na(+)-dependent inorganic phosphate cotransporter; Solute carrier family 17 member 7Homo sapiens (human)

Compounds (29)

CompoundDescription
hydronium ion
Succinate
AcetylcholineA neurotransmitter found at neuromuscular junctions, autonomic ganglia, parasympathetic effector junctions, a subset of sympathetic effector junctions, and at many sites in the central nervous system.
NADH
ammonium hydroxideThe hydroxy salt of ammonium ion. It is formed when AMMONIA reacts with water molecules in solution.
Ammonium
CalciumA basic element found in nearly all tissues. It is a member of the alkaline earth family of metals with the atomic symbol Ca, atomic number 20, and atomic weight 40. Calcium is the most abundant mineral in the body and combines with phosphorus to form calcium phosphate in the bones and teeth. It is essential for the normal functioning of nerves and muscles and plays a role in blood coagulation (as factor IV) and in many enzymatic processes.
Carbon DioxideA colorless, odorless gas that can be formed by the body and is necessary for the respiration cycle of plants and animals.
cholineA basic constituent of lecithin that is found in many plants and animal organs. It is important as a precursor of acetylcholine, as a methyl donor in various metabolic processes, and in lipid metabolism.
chlorineAn element with atomic symbol Cl, atomic number 17, and atomic weight 35, and member of the halogen family.
Orthophosphate
Dopamine Hydrochloride
adenosine diphosphateAdenosine 5'-(trihydrogen diphosphate). An adenine nucleotide containing two phosphate groups esterified to the sugar moiety at the 5'-position.
Hydrogen PeroxideA strong oxidizing agent used in aqueous solution as a ripening agent, bleach, and topical anti-infective. It is relatively unstable and solutions deteriorate over time unless stabilized by the addition of acetanilide or similar organic materials.
potassiumAn element in the alkali group of metals with an atomic symbol K, atomic number 19, and atomic weight 39.10. It is the chief cation in the intracellular fluid of muscle and other cells. Potassium ion is a strong electrolyte that plays a significant role in the regulation of fluid volume and maintenance of the WATER-ELECTROLYTE BALANCE.
SodiumA member of the alkali group of metals. It has the atomic symbol Na, atomic number 11, and atomic weight 23.
WaterA clear, odorless, tasteless liquid that is essential for most animal and plant life and is an excellent solvent for many substances. The chemical formula is hydrogen oxide (H2O). (McGraw-Hill Dictionary of Scientific and Technical Terms, 4th ed)
OxygenAn element with atomic symbol O, atomic number 8, and atomic weight [15.99903; 15.99977]. It is the most abundant element on earth and essential for respiration.
nadA coenzyme composed of ribosylnicotinamide 5'-diphosphate coupled to adenosine 5'-phosphate by pyrophosphate linkage. It is found widely in nature and is involved in numerous enzymatic reactions in which it serves as an electron carrier by being alternately oxidized (NAD+) and reduced (NADH). (Dorland, 27th ed)
alpha-Ketoglutarate
SerotoninA biochemical messenger and regulator, synthesized from the essential amino acid L-TRYPTOPHAN. In humans it is found primarily in the central nervous system, gastrointestinal tract, and blood platelets. Serotonin mediates several important physiological functions including neurotransmission, gastrointestinal motility, hemostasis, and cardiovascular integrity. Multiple receptor families (RECEPTORS, SEROTONIN) explain the broad physiological actions and distribution of this biochemical mediator.
glutamate
adenosine triphosphateAn adenine nucleotide containing three phosphate groups esterified to the sugar moiety. In addition to its crucial roles in metabolism adenosine triphosphate is a neurotransmitter.
polyglutamineRN given for (D)-isomer
ethanolamineA viscous, hygroscopic amino alcohol with an ammoniacal odor. It is widely distributed in biological tissue and is a component of lecithin. It is used as a surfactant, fluorimetric reagent, and to remove CO2 and H2S from natural gas and other gases.
3,4-dihydroxyphenylglycolaldehyde
Coenzyme A
Acetyl Coenzyme AAcetyl CoA participates in the biosynthesis of fatty acids and sterols, in the oxidation of fatty acids and in the metabolism of many amino acids. It also acts as a biological acetylating agent.
Flavin-Adenine DinucleotideA condensation product of riboflavin and adenosine diphosphate. The coenzyme of various aerobic dehydrogenases, e.g., D-amino acid oxidase and L-amino acid oxidase. (Lehninger, Principles of Biochemistry, 1982, p972)