Page last updated: 2024-12-06

alkenes

Description Research Excerpts Clinical Trials Roles Classes Pathways Study Profile Bioassays Related Drugs Related Conditions Protein Interactions Research Growth Market Indicators

Cross-References

ID SourceID
PubMed CID32932
MeSH IDM0000718

Synonyms (10)

Synonym
pentylene
einecs 246-916-6
hsdb 5157
un1108
1-pentene [un1108] [flammable liquid]
n-amylene [un1108] [flammable liquid]
alkenes ,
4jm12e034x ,
ec 246-916-6
unii-4jm12e034x

Research Excerpts

Overview

Alkenes are an important class of compounds common among biologically active molecules. They often are used as intermediates in organic synthesis. Alkenes expected to be a significant component of these films.

ExcerptReferenceRelevance
"Alkenes are an important class of compounds common among biologically active molecules and often are used as intermediates in organic synthesis. "( Synthesis of Isomerically Pure (
Goodstein, MB; Lalic, G; Lee, MT, 2019
)
1.96
"Alkenes are expected to be a significant component of these films, with the reaction with O"( Quantification of alkenes on indoor surfaces and implications for chemical sources and sinks.
Deming, BL; Ziemann, PJ, 2020
)
1.61

Treatment

ExcerptReferenceRelevance
"Treatment of alkenes such as 3-hexene, 3-octene, and 1-cyclohexyl-1-butene with the N-heterocyclic carbene (NHC)-derived borane 2 and catalytic HNTf(2) (Tf = trifluoromethanesulfonyl (CF(3)SO(2))) effects hydroboration at room temperature. "( Borenium ion catalyzed hydroboration of alkenes with N-heterocyclic carbene-boranes.
Bonin, H; Boussonnière, A; Curran, DP; Lacôte, E; Li, L; Prokofjevs, A; Vedejs, E, 2012
)
1.02

Toxicity

ExcerptReferenceRelevance
" There were no adverse clinical signs, and survival rates were not affected by treatment with AOS."( Long-term toxicity of the surfactant alpha-olefin sulphonate (AOS) in the rat.
Benson, HG; Hunter, B, 1976
)
0.26
" Human BFU-e were greatly inhibited by PZDH, whereas murine BFU-e were relatively resistant to its toxic effects."( Comparative toxicity of fostriecin, hepsulfam and pyrazine diazohydroxide to human and murine hematopoietic progenitor cells in vitro.
Du, DL; Grieshaber, CK; Murphy, MJ; Volpe, DA, 1991
)
0.28
" The compound given by gavage in olive oil at doses of 25-200 mg/kg causes toxic effects on the pancreas that resemble those seen when naturally occurring CHB is given to rats."( The acute pancreatotoxic effects of the plant nitrile 1-cyano-2-hydroxy-3-butene.
Barrowman, JA; Chernenko, G; Maher, M, 1991
)
0.28
" CHB is also a possible inducer of tissue glutathione in the liver and kidneys as well as in the pancreas, even at toxic doses."( Selective pancreato-toxicity in the rat induced by the naturally occurring plant nitrile 1-cyano-2-hydroxy-3-butene.
Fettman, MJ; Gould, DH; Wallig, MA, 1988
)
0.27
" Comparison and collation of these two cases with other reports leads to the conclusion that polypropylene suture is safe in most situations, but care must be taken to avoid instrumentation trauma and kinking stresses at knots, which probably explain most of the reported cases of polypropylene failure."( Polypropylene suture--is it safe?
Calhoun, TR; Kitten, CM, 1986
)
0.27
" Elevation of the LD50 values by the therapeutic regimens was shown to be an unsatisfactory measure of therapeutic efficiency, while reduction of the effect of a maximally lethal dose (LD90) to less than that of a minimally lethal dose (LD10) provided a better quantitative measure of therapeutic efficiency."( Quantitative studies of the effect of antagonists on the acute toxicity of organophosphates in rats.
Natoff, IL; Reiff, B, 1970
)
0.25
" The sensitivity of the porcine cells in detecting toxic effects corresponded favorably with in vitro systems derived from other animals."( Evaluation of nephrotoxicity in vitro using a suspension of highly purified porcine proximal tubular cells and characterization of the cells in primary culture.
de Heer, E; Kruidering, M; Maasdam, DH; Mulder, GJ; Nagelkerke, JF; Prins, FA,
)
0.13
" The five L-cysteine conjugates tested: S-(1,2-dichlorovinyl)-L-cysteine (1,2-DCVC), S-(1,1,2,2-tetrafluoroethyl)-L-cysteine (TFEC), S-(1-chloro-1,2,2-trifluoroethyl)-L-cysteine (CTFEC), S-(1,1-dichloro-2,2-difluoroethyl)-L-cysteine (DCDFEC) and S-(1,1-dibromo-2,2-difluoroethyl)-L-cysteine (DBDFEC) were more toxic compared to the corresponding mercapturic acids."( Examination of the structure-toxicity relationships of L-cysteine-S-conjugates of halogenated alkenes and their corresponding mercapturic acids in rat renal tissue slices.
Commandeur, JN; Gandolfi, AJ; McGuinness, S; Stijntjes, GJ; te Koppele, JM; Vermeulen, NP, 1993
)
0.51
" Studies were undertaken to determine a safe inclusion rate for crambe (Crambe abyssinica) meal in broiler chick diets, and to determine the mechanism for adverse effects by investigating its constituents; 1-cyano-2-hydroxy-3-butene (CHB) and 3-butenyl glucosinolate (epi-progoitrin, E-PG)."( Studies on the toxic effects of crambe meal and two of its constituents, 1-cyano-2-hydroxy-3-butene (CHB) and epi-progoitrin, in broiler chick diets.
Jeffery, E; Kloss, P; Parsons, C; Tumbleson, M; Wallig, M; Zhang, Y, 1996
)
0.29
" MP is thus not toxic per se but elicits metabolic activation to become potentially harmful."( Metabolism and toxicity of 2-methylpropene (isobutene)--a review.
Cornet, M; Rogiers, V, 1997
)
0.3
" Previous workers showed that the reactive-sulphur-containing fragment released from S -(1,1,2,2-tetrafluoroethyl)-L-cysteine and S -(1,2-dichlorovinyl)-L-cysteine is toxic by acting as a thioacylating agent - particularly of lysine residues in nearby proteins."( L-alanine-glyoxylate aminotransferase II of rat kidney and liver mitochondria possesses cysteine S-conjugate beta-lyase activity: a contributing factor to the nephrotoxicity/hepatotoxicity of halogenated alkenes?
Cooper, AJ; Jeitner, TM; Krasnikov, BF; Okuno, E, 2003
)
0.51
" Altogether, the examples presented illustrate that natural does not equal safe and that in modern society adverse health effects, upon either acute or chronic exposure to phytochemicals, can occur as a result of use of plant- or herb-based foods, teas, or other extracts."( Molecular mechanisms of toxicity of important food-borne phytotoxins.
Alink, GM; Boersma, MG; Martena, MJ; Rietjens, IM; Spiegelenberg, W, 2005
)
0.33
" The results encourage to consider this alternative way for the prediction of toxicity using QSAR subset models without direct reference to the mechanism of toxic action or the traditional chemical classification."( The proposal of architecture for chemical splitting to optimize QSAR models for aquatic toxicity.
Benfenati, E; Colombo, A; Karelson, M; Maran, U, 2008
)
0.35
", acrylamide, methylvinyl ketone, and methyl acrylate) are pervasive pollutants in human environments and new research has shown that these alpha,beta-unsaturated carbonyl derivatives are also toxic to nerve terminals."( Type-2 alkenes mediate synaptotoxicity in neurodegenerative diseases.
Barber, DS; Gavin, T; Lopachin, RM, 2008
)
0.8
" The inhibitory effect of monoterpenes was comparatively smaller than of the crude essential oil and beta-myrcene was most toxic followed by p-cymene, whereas limonene was least toxic."( Phytotoxicity of major constituents of the volatile oil from leaves of Artemisia scoparia Waldst. & Kit.
Batish, DR; Kaur, S; Kohli, RK; Mittal, S; Singh, HP,
)
0.13
"Lipid peroxidation is one of the most important sources of endogenous toxic metabolites."( Quantitative structure-activity relationship for 4-hydroxy-2-alkenal induced cytotoxicity in L6 muscle cells.
Caré, BR; Croze, M; Doutheau, A; Lagarde, M; Pillon, NJ; Soula, HA; Soulage, CO; Soulère, L; Vella, RE, 2010
)
0.36
" The overuse of synthetic insecticides to control mosquito vectors lead to resistance, adverse environmental effects and high operational costs."( Chemical composition, toxicity and non-target effects of Pinus kesiya essential oil: An eco-friendly and novel larvicide against malaria, dengue and lymphatic filariasis mosquito vectors.
Benelli, G; Govindarajan, M; Rajeswary, M, 2016
)
0.43
" In the present study we used sum of toxic units (TUsum = ∑TUi) to assess the relative toxicity of different type-2 alkene mixtures."( Joint toxic effects of the type-2 alkene electrophiles.
Gavin, T; Geohagen, BC; LoPachin, RM; Zhang, L, 2016
)
0.43
"The use of toxic gas surrogates in organic reactions instead of the gas itself contributes to enhancing the safety, practicality, and efficiency of the reactions involved."( Creation of Novel Toxic Gas Surrogates and the Development of Safe and Facile Catalytic Reactions.
Konishi, H, 2018
)
0.48
"In the United States, the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) regulates the safe use of food ingredients, including food additives."( Safety Assessment of Food Additives: Case Example With Myrcene, a Synthetic Flavoring Agent.
Mog, SR; Zang, YJ, 2019
)
0.51
" However, the use of SA increased the risk of adverse events occurrence (P = ."( The efficacy and safety of salvianolic acids on acute cerebral infarction treatment: A protocol for systematic review and meta analysis.
Feng, J; Hao, Y; Huang, G; Liang, Z; Ma, D; Miao, J; Wang, X; Xin, M, 2020
)
0.56
" Although SA increased the risk of adverse events occurrence, these adverse events were easily controlled or disappeared spontaneously."( The efficacy and safety of salvianolic acids on acute cerebral infarction treatment: A protocol for systematic review and meta analysis.
Feng, J; Hao, Y; Huang, G; Liang, Z; Ma, D; Miao, J; Wang, X; Xin, M, 2020
)
0.56
"Single-incision, ultralightweight polypropylene meshes were safe and highly effective in the treatment of PVP."( Effectiveness and Safety of Posterior Vaginal Repair with Single-Incision, Ultralightweight, Monofilament Propylene Mesh: First Evidence from a Case Series with Short-Term Results.
Buzzaccarini, G; Deltetto, F; Favilli, A; Vitagliano, A, 2021
)
0.62

Pharmacokinetics

ExcerptReferenceRelevance
" The elimination half-life was 11."( Determination of fostriecin pharmacokinetics in plasma using high-pressure liquid chromatography assay.
Moore, MJ; Pillon, L; Thiessen, JJ, 1994
)
0.29
"We conducted a phase I and pharmacokinetic study of the topoisomerase II catalytic inhibitor fostriecin."( Phase I and pharmacokinetic study of the topoisomerase II catalytic inhibitor fostriecin.
de Jong, RS; de Vries, EG; Groen, HJ; Höppener, FJ; Mulder, NH; Sleijfer, DT; Uges, DR; van der Graaf, WT; Willemse, PH, 1999
)
0.3
" Despite breaking all the "rule of five" criteria, the dimers had excellent oral bioavailability and pharmacokinetic properties, resulting in good in vivo efficacy in db/db mice."( Large dimeric ligands with favorable pharmacokinetic properties and peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor agonist activity in vitro and in vivo.
Albrektsen, T; Bury, PS; Deussen, HJ; Din, N; Fleckner, J; Frederiksen, KS; Jeppesen, L; Mogensen, JP; Nehlin, J; Pettersson, I; Sauerberg, P; Svensson, LA; Wulff, EM; Ynddal, L, 2003
)
0.32
" The aim of this study is to find the most efficacious molecule which do not have toxic effects but at the same time have desired pharmacokinetic profile."( Pharmacokinetics prediction and drugability assessment of diphenylheptanoids from turmeric (Curcuma longa L).
Balaji, S; Chempakam, B, 2009
)
0.35
" The validated method was successfully applied to pharmacokinetic study after oral and intravenous administration of salvianolic acid C to rats."( Determination of salvianolic acid C in rat plasma using liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry and its application to pharmacokinetic study.
Du, G; Feng, Z; Song, J; Sun, J; Xu, X; Zhang, L; Zhang, W; Zhang, X, 2016
)
0.43
" However, no reports have been described the pharmacokinetic study of them."( Development and validation of a UFLC-MS/MS method for determination of 7'(Z)-(8″S, 8‴S)-epi-salvianolic acid E, (7'R, 8'R, 8″S, 8‴S)-epi-salvianolic acid B and salvianolic acid B in rat plasma and its application to pharmacokinetic studies.
Huang, J; Liu, X; Miao, J; Sun, G; Sun, H; Sun, W; Tong, L; Xie, X; Xu, J, 2016
)
0.43
" The effects of SAI on the pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic behaviors of clopidogrel were investigated in rats."( Interaction study of salvianolic acids for injection on pharmacokinetics of clopidogrel in rats using LC-MS/MS.
Chu, Y; Ju, A; Li, D; Li, W; Li, X; Li, Y; Wu, Y; Xie, Y; Zheng, D, 2022
)
0.72

Compound-Compound Interactions

ExcerptReferenceRelevance
"In this study, capillary electrophoresis (CE) combined with HPLC-MS/MS were used as a powerful platform for screening of inhibitors of mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) in natural product extracts."( Screening of mammalian target of rapamycin inhibitors in natural product extracts by capillary electrophoresis in combination with high performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry.
Kang, J; Li, F; Li, M; Zhang, Y, 2015
)
0.42
" Given that lowering glucose is the first objective of diabetic patients, we also examined the effects of SAA combined with metformin (MET) on both complications."( Effects of the Nrf2 Protein Modulator Salvianolic Acid A Alone or Combined with Metformin on Diabetes-associated Macrovascular and Renal Injury.
Du, GH; He, YY; Hou, BY; Ma, LL; Niu, ZR; Pang, XC; Song, JK; Wu, P; Yan, Y; Yang, XY; Zhang, L, 2016
)
0.43
"To analyze the clinical observation of salvianolic acid combined with panax notoginseng saponins combined with basic nursing intervention on cerebral ischemia-reperfusion injury in rats and its effects on the expression of apoptosis-related proteins Bcl-2, Bax and caspase-3."( Clinical Observation of Salvianolic Acid Combined with Panax Notoginseng Saponins Combined with Basic Nursing Intervention on Cerebral Ischemia-Reperfusion Injury in Rats.
Liang, S; Liu, P; Sun, S; Yu, L; Zheng, Z, 2022
)
0.72
"SA, PNS and they combined with basic nursing have protective effects on cerebral I/R injury, and the combination with basic nursing has better effects than that used alone."( Clinical Observation of Salvianolic Acid Combined with Panax Notoginseng Saponins Combined with Basic Nursing Intervention on Cerebral Ischemia-Reperfusion Injury in Rats.
Liang, S; Liu, P; Sun, S; Yu, L; Zheng, Z, 2022
)
0.72

Bioavailability

ExcerptReferenceRelevance
" However, these cephems were not well absorbed orally."( Synthesis and biological activity of novel 3-(2-propenyl)-cephalosporins. I.
Kim, H; Kim, WJ; Ko, KY; Oh, J, 1991
)
0.28
" Raxofelast is a potent antioxidant agent under investigation, structurally related to VE, having an excellent bioavailability and favourable physicochemical properties."( Beneficial effect of raxofelast, an hydrophilic vitamin E analogue, in the rat heart after ischemia and reperfusion injury.
Altavilla, D; Avenoso, A; Campo, GM; Campo, S; Caputi, AP; Ceccarelli, S; Ferlito, M; Quartarone, C; Saitta, A; Squadrito, F; Squadrito, G, 1998
)
0.3
" Despite breaking all the "rule of five" criteria, the dimers had excellent oral bioavailability and pharmacokinetic properties, resulting in good in vivo efficacy in db/db mice."( Large dimeric ligands with favorable pharmacokinetic properties and peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor agonist activity in vitro and in vivo.
Albrektsen, T; Bury, PS; Deussen, HJ; Din, N; Fleckner, J; Frederiksen, KS; Jeppesen, L; Mogensen, JP; Nehlin, J; Pettersson, I; Sauerberg, P; Svensson, LA; Wulff, EM; Ynddal, L, 2003
)
0.32
" Here we have tested this high NO bioavailability hypothesis in the setting of experimental cerebral malaria (ECM), but find instead that low NO bioavailability contributes to the genesis of ECM."( Low nitric oxide bioavailability contributes to the genesis of experimental cerebral malaria.
Contreras, R; Frangos, JA; Gramaglia, I; Intaglietta, M; Meays, D; Nolan, JP; Sobolewski, P; van der Heyde, HC, 2006
)
0.33
" In the Plasmodium berghei ANKA (PbA) murine model, CM pathogenesis is associated with low nitric oxide (NO) bioavailability and brain microcirculatory complications, with a marked decrease in cerebral blood flow, vasoconstriction, vascular plugging by adherent cells, and hemorrhages."( Nitric oxide protection against murine cerebral malaria is associated with improved cerebral microcirculatory physiology.
Cabrales, P; Carvalho, LJ; Frangos, JA; Meays, D; Zanini, GM, 2011
)
0.37
" Modification of ethyl cellulose by metathesis to prepare useful derivatives, for example, for solubility and bioavailability enhancement of drugs by amorphous solid dispersion (ASD), has been limited by the low DS(OH) of commercial ethyl cellulose derivatives."( Amphiphilic Cellulose Ethers Designed for Amorphous Solid Dispersion via Olefin Cross-Metathesis.
Dong, Y; Edgar, KJ; Mosquera-Giraldo, LI; Taylor, LS, 2016
)
0.43
"The effect of single and multiple doses of a herbal preparation Trikatu was studied on the bioavailability and pharmacokinetics of carbamazepine in rabbits."( EFFECT OF TRIKATU, AN AYURVEDIC PRESCRIPTION ON THE PHARMACOKINETIC PROFILE OF CARBAMAZEPINE IN RABBITS.
Bhargava, VK; Garg, SK; Karan, RS, 1999
)
0.3
"The poor water solubility and inadequate oral bioavailability of gefitinib (Gef) remain a critical issue to achieve the therapeutic outcomes."( Poly(maleic anhydride-alt-1-octadecene)-based bioadhesive nanovehicles improve oral bioavailability of poor water-soluble gefitinib.
Li, J; Li, Y; Qian, X; Shan, Y; Wang, G; Xie, Y; Zhang, M; Zhang, X; Zhang, Z, 2022
)
0.72
" This study aimed to assess the absorption potential of higher olefins through the gut wall as the experimentally determined bioavailability which would strengthen the read-across hypothesis and justification, reducing the need for toxicity studies on all of the higher olefins."( Assessment of the Intestinal Absorption of Higher Olefins by the Everted Gut Sac Model in Combination with In Silico New Approach Methodologies.
Boogaard, PJ; Borsboom-Patel, T; Carrillo, JC; Elcombe, CR; Fioravanzo, E; Manton, J; Penman, MG; Powrie, RH; Shen, H; Shi, Q; Tian, Y, 2022
)
0.72

Dosage Studied

ExcerptRelevanceReference
" The dose-response range is narrow, with inhibition occurring at higher antigen concentrations."( In vitro studies of poison oak immunity. I. In vitro reaction of human lymphocytes to urushiol.
Baer, H; Byers, VS; Castagnoli, N; Epstein, WL, 1979
)
0.26
" MEP is mutagenic in all the strains tested, as demonstrated by a clear dose-response relationship."( Mutagenicity of 2-methylpropene (isobutene) and its epoxide in a modified Salmonella assay for volatile compounds.
Castelain, P; Cornet, M; Kirsch-Volders, M; Laib, R; Rogiers, V; Vercruysse, A, 1992
)
0.28
" In animals dosed with 100 mg/kg iv, mixed histiocytic and suppurative inflammation and frank pancreatic necrosis also developed and were associated with elevated plasma lipase and amylase."( Separation of the toxic and glutathione-enhancing effects of the naturally occurring nitrile, cyanohydroxybutene.
Crawshaw, J; Jeffery, EH; Kore, AM; Wallig, MA, 1992
)
0.28
" No clinical signs of acute delayed neurotoxicity were observed in hens twice dosed at limit levels (5 g/kg) and observed for 21 days."( The acute toxicity evaluation of a low-temperature hydraulic fluid.
Bunger, SK; Kinkead, ER; Leahy, HF; Wolfe, RE, 1992
)
0.28
" The total response for low dosage was 60% and for high dosage 77%."( Anti-oestrogen therapy for breast cancer: a trial of tamoxifen at two dose levels.
Ward, HW, 1973
)
0.25
" Based on these studies, linear dose-response relationships would be expected in chronic toxicity studies for exposures up to 40 ppm isobutene."( Disposition of inhaled isobutene in F344/N rats.
Bechtold, WE; Chang, IY; Henderson, RF; Sabourin, PJ; Steinberg, B, 1993
)
0.29
" A published oral reference dose (RfD) was identified for these compounds, or in the absence of a published value, an oral dose-response value was developed from available toxicity information."( Beyond TPH: health-based evaluation of petroleum hydrocarbon exposures.
Anastas, ND; Fitzgerald, J; Hutcheson, MS; Pedersen, D; Silverman, D, 1996
)
0.29
" Substitution of C-terminal sequences from the PP2A catalytic subunit produced a chimeric enzyme, CRHM2, that was inhibited by toxins with dose-response characteristics of PP1 and not PP2A."( Importance of the beta12-beta13 loop in protein phosphatase-1 catalytic subunit for inhibition by toxins and mammalian protein inhibitors.
Barik, S; Connor, JH; Honkanen, RE; Kleeman, T; Shenolikar, S, 1999
)
0.3
" However, these olefins were not detected in the urine or feces of antibiotics-treated rats dosed with cis- or trans-stilbene oxide."( Reductive metabolism of stilbene oxide and styrene oxide to the olefins in rats.
Kitamura, S; Maeda, C; Mita, M; Shiraishi, Y; Sueki, H; Tatsumi, K, 2000
)
0.31
" No significant difference was seen in PK parameters with repeated dosing during the same cycle."( Phase I and pharmacokinetic study of fostriecin given as an intravenous bolus daily for five consecutive days.
Day, A; Eisenhauer, EA; Erlichman, C; Lê, LH; Moore, MJ; Pillon, L; Thiessen, JJ; Wainman, N, 2004
)
0.32
" Select compounds from the present series showed activity in vivo after oral dosing in rodent models of uterine proliferation."( Structure-activity relationships and sub-type selectivity in an oxabicyclic estrogen receptor alpha/beta agonist scaffold.
Allegretto, EA; Hamann, LG; Karanewsky, DS; Lopez, FJ; Marschke, KB; Meyer, JH; Ruppar, DA, 2005
)
0.33
" Dose-response data showed an ED(50) at 5 microg per treated, solvent-washed male decoy."( Sex pheromone of the tsetse species, Glossina austeni: isolation and identification of natural hydrocarbons, and bioassay of synthesized compounds.
Bernier, UR; Carlson, DA; Geden, CJ; Mori, K; Mramba, F; Sutton, BD, 2005
)
0.33
" Together with the distribution for the benchmark dose obtained from substance-specific dose-response modelling for the exemplary substances 2,4,4-trimethylpentene (TMP) and aniline, they represent the input distributions for probabilistic modelling."( A probabilistic effect assessment model for hazardous substances at the workplace.
Darschnik, S; Elmshäuser, E; Hassauer, M; Mosbach-Schulz, O; Schneider, K; Schuhmacher-Wolz, U, 2006
)
0.33
" Saturation of propylene conversion to propylene oxide was apparent from the adduct dose-response curves."( Evaluation of effects from repeated inhalation exposure of F344 rats to high concentrations of propylene.
Banton, MI; Bogdanffy, MS; Donner, EM; Harkema, JR; Li, Y; Malley, LA; Pottenger, LH; Swenberg, JA; Upton, PB; Walker, VE, 2007
)
0.34
" The essential oil and the three monoterpenes exhibited phytotoxicity and reduced germination, seedling growth, chlorophyll content and percent respiration of Avena sativa and Triticum aestivum in a dose-response manner."( Phytotoxicity of major constituents of the volatile oil from leaves of Artemisia scoparia Waldst. & Kit.
Batish, DR; Kaur, S; Kohli, RK; Mittal, S; Singh, HP,
)
0.13
" At a dosage of 100 mg/ kg mouse, it decreased the number of squirms induced by acetic acid by 67."( Menthalactone, a new analgesic from Mentha cordifolia Opiz. Leaves.
Sanchez, AC; Villaseñor, IM,
)
0.13
" The glycinamide analog 45 showed significant efficacy in the HCT-116 xenograft model, with 64% inhibition of tumor growth upon dosing at 20 mg/kg qd."( 1,1-Diarylalkenes as anticancer agents: dual inhibitors of tubulin polymerization and phosphodiesterase 4.
Cedzik, D; Chen, R; Collette, A; Leisten, J; Liu, W; Lu, L; Man, HW; Muller, GW; Narla, RK; Raymon, HK; Ruchelman, AL; Zhang, L, 2011
)
0.77
" Exposure levels of both compound 1 and Sal B were higher than compound 2 in the same dosage range."( Development and validation of a UFLC-MS/MS method for determination of 7'(Z)-(8″S, 8‴S)-epi-salvianolic acid E, (7'R, 8'R, 8″S, 8‴S)-epi-salvianolic acid B and salvianolic acid B in rat plasma and its application to pharmacokinetic studies.
Huang, J; Liu, X; Miao, J; Sun, G; Sun, H; Sun, W; Tong, L; Xie, X; Xu, J, 2016
)
0.43
[information is derived through text-mining from research data collected from National Library of Medicine (NLM), extracted Dec-2023]

Research

Studies (10,443)

TimeframeStudies, This Drug (%)All Drugs %
pre-19901393 (13.34)18.7374
1990's308 (2.95)18.2507
2000's3123 (29.91)29.6817
2010's4370 (41.85)24.3611
2020's1249 (11.96)2.80
[information is prepared from research data collected from National Library of Medicine (NLM), extracted Dec-2023]

Market Indicators

Research Demand Index: 89.13

According to the monthly volume, diversity, and competition of internet searches for this compound, as well the volume and growth of publications, there is estimated to be very strong demand-to-supply ratio for research on this compound.

MetricThis Compound (vs All)
Research Demand Index89.13 (24.57)
Research Supply Index9.27 (2.92)
Research Growth Index5.32 (4.65)
Search Engine Demand Index164.94 (26.88)
Search Engine Supply Index2.00 (0.95)

This Compound (89.13)

All Compounds (24.57)

Study Types

Publication TypeThis drug (%)All Drugs (%)
Trials26 (0.25%)5.53%
Reviews521 (4.92%)6.00%
Case Studies23 (0.22%)4.05%
Observational1 (0.01%)0.25%
Other10,018 (94.61%)84.16%
[information is prepared from research data collected from National Library of Medicine (NLM), extracted Dec-2023]