xanthorrhizol profile

Xanthorrhizol is a sesquiterpene isolated from the rhizomes of Curcuma xanthorrhiza Roxb. It exhibits a range of biological activities, including anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, and anticancer properties. Its synthesis has been explored using various methods, including chemical synthesis and biocatalytic approaches. The compound has been found to inhibit the production of pro-inflammatory cytokines, such as TNF-α and IL-6, in various cell lines. Its antioxidant properties have been attributed to its ability to scavenge free radicals. Its anticancer activity has been observed in various cancer cell lines, including leukemia, breast cancer, and colon cancer. Research on xanthorrhizol continues to explore its potential as a therapeutic agent for various diseases.'

xanthorrhizol: structure in first source [Medical Subject Headings (MeSH), National Library of Medicine, extracted Dec-2023]

ID Source	ID
PubMed CID	93135
CHEMBL ID	460033
CHEBI ID	184290
SCHEMBL ID	14879579
MeSH ID	M0332255

Synonym
phenol, 5-[(1r)-1,5-dimethyl-4-hexenyl]-2-methyl-
xanthorrhizol
30199-26-9
5-[(1r)-1,5-dimethylhex-4-enyl]-2-methyl-phenol
SMP1_000318
einecs 250-090-2
(r)-5-(1,5-dimethyl-4-hexenyl)-o-cresol
phenol, 5-(1,5-dimethyl-4-hexenyl)-2-methyl-, (-)-
CHEMBL460033
xanthorrizol
CHEBI:184290
2-methyl-5-[(2r)-6-methylhept-5-en-2-yl]phenol
(-)-xanthorrizol
(r)-(-)-xanthorrizol
(r)-2-methyl-5-(6-methylhept-5-en-2-yl)phenol
phenol, 5-[(1r)-1,5-dimethyl-4-hexen-1-yl]-2-methyl-
5-(1,5-dimethyl-4-hexenyl)-2-methylphenol #
(-)-xanthorrhizol
SCHEMBL14879579
1,3,5,10-bisabolatetraen-2-ol
HB4127
5-[(1r)-1,5-dimethyl-4-hexen-1-yl]-2-methylphenol
DTXSID20184290
mfcd03453037
CS-0059020
HY-112657
bdbm50548726
EN300-6736093
phenol,5-[(1r)-1,5-dimethyl-4-hexen-1-yl]-2-methyl-
Z1513804374
AKOS040740580

Excerpt	Reference	Relevance
"Xanthorrhizol (XNT) is a sesquiterpenoid agent isolated from Curcuma xanthorrhiza; It is known to exhibit various pharmacological activities including anti-cancer. "	( Xanthorrhizol inhibits non-small cell carcinoma (A549) cell growth and promotes apoptosis through modulation of PI3K/AKT and NF-κB signaling pathway. Cai, Y; Sheng, Z; Wang, J, 2022)	3.61
"Xanthorrhizol (XNT), is a bioactive compound found in Curcuma xanthorrhiza Roxb. "	( Comprehensive computational target fishing approach to identify Xanthorrhizol putative targets. Azfaralariff, A; Cheah, YH; Fazry, S; Law, D; Lim, SJ; Najm, AA; Sanusi, SA; Shahid, M, 2021)	2.3
"Xanthorrhizol is a potent antimicrobial compound isolated from the rhizome of Curcuma xanthorrhiza. "	( Escherichia coli ASKA Clone Library Harboring tRNA-Specific Adenosine Deaminase (tadA) Reveals Resistance towards Xanthorrhizol. Hwang, JK; Kim, D; Pan, JG, 2015)	2.07
"Xanthorrhizol is a natural sesquiterpenoid compound isolated from the rhizome of Curcuma xanthorrhizza Roxb (Zingerberaceae). "	( Antiproliferative property and apoptotic effect of xanthorrhizol on MDA-MB-231 breast cancer cells. Abdullah, NR; Azimahtol, HL; Cheah, YH; Ismail, Z; Nordin, FJ; Tee, TT, )	1.83
"Xanthorrhizol is a sesquiterpenoid from the rhizome of Curcuma xanthorrhiza. "	( Xanthorrhizol, a natural sesquiterpenoid, induces apoptosis and growth arrest in HCT116 human colon cancer cells. Chung, WY; Hwang, JK; Kang, YJ; Lee, SK; Park, KK, 2009)	3.24
"Xanthorrhizol is a plant-derived pharmacologically active sesquiterpenoid compound isolated from Curcuma xanthorrhiza. "	( Xanthorrhizol induced DNA fragmentation in HepG2 cells involving Bcl-2 family proteins. Azimahtol Hawariah, LP; Cheah, YH; Meenakshii, N; Mohd Sharom, MY; Tee, TT, 2012)	3.26
"Xanthorrhizol is a sesquiterpenoid compound isolated from the rhizome of Curcuma xanthorrhiza. "	( Xanthorrhizol, a natural sesquiterpenoid from Curcuma xanthorrhiza, has an anti-metastatic potential in experimental mouse lung metastasis model. Choi, MA; Chung, WY; Hwang, JK; Kim, SH; Park, KK, 2005)	3.21
"Xanthorrhizol is a sesquiterpenoid compound extracted from Curcuma xanthorrhiza, which is known locally as Temulawak. "	( Xanthorrhizol induces apoptosis via the up-regulation of bax and p53 in HeLa cells. Ismail, N; Nallapan, M; Pihie, AH, )	3.02
"Xanthorrhizol is a natural sesquiterpenoid compound isolated from the rhizome of Curcuma xanthorrhiza Roxb (Zingiberaceae). "	( Xanthorrhizol exhibits antiproliferative activity on MCF-7 breast cancer cells via apoptosis induction. Abdullah, NR; Azimahtol, HL; Cheah, YH, )	3.02
"Xanthorrhizol is an active component isolated from Curcuma xanthorrhiza Roxb. "	( Xanthorrhizol inhibits 12-O-tetradecanoylphorbol-13-acetate-induced acute inflammation and two-stage mouse skin carcinogenesis by blocking the expression of ornithine decarboxylase, cyclooxygenase-2 and inducible nitric oxide synthase through mitogen-acti Chung, WY; Hwang, JK; Kim, HO; Kim, MJ; Lee, SK; Park, JH; Park, KK, 2007)	3.23
"Xanthorrhizol is a sesquiterpenoid compound extracted from the rhizome of Curcuma xanthorrhiza. "	( Regulation of p53-, Bcl-2- and caspase-dependent signaling pathway in xanthorrhizol-induced apoptosis of HepG2 hepatoma cells. Handayani, T; Nallappan, M; Pihie, AH; Sakinah, S, )	1.81

Excerpt	Reference	Relevance
"Xanthorrhizol also has activity to inhibit the conidial germination of all tested species."	( In Vitro antimycotic activity of xanthorrhizol isolated from Curcuma xanthorrhiza Roxb. against opportunistic filamentous fungi. Hwang, JK; Rukayadi, Y, 2007)	1.34

Excerpt	Reference	Relevance
"The xanthorrhizol treatment appreciably improved the body weight and hematological parameters and reduced the arthritis score, organ index, and paw volume in the RA rats."	( Xanthorrhizol Ameliorates Oxidative Stress and Inflammation in Freund's Complete Adjuvant-Induced Rheumatoid Arthritis in Rats. Fan, S; Fan, W; Gong, L; Hou, H; Hu, L; Ibrahim, IAA; Li, Y; Wang, R; Zhou, M; Zou, W, 2022)	2.64
"Xanthorrhizol treatment elevated intracellular Ca(2+) and ROS levels in SCC-15 cells."	( Xanthorrhizol induces apoptosis through ROS-mediated MAPK activation in human oral squamous cell carcinoma cells and inhibits DMBA-induced oral carcinogenesis in hamsters. An, JM; Chung, WY; Hwang, JK; Kim, du S; Kim, JY; Park, KK; Seo, JT; Seo, SR, 2013)	2.55
"The xanthorrhizol-treated HepG2 cells showed typical apoptotic morphology such as DNA fragmentation, cell shrinkage and elongated lamellipodia."	( Regulation of p53-, Bcl-2- and caspase-dependent signaling pathway in xanthorrhizol-induced apoptosis of HepG2 hepatoma cells. Handayani, T; Nallappan, M; Pihie, AH; Sakinah, S, )	0.85
"Treatment with xanthorrhizol caused 50% growth inhibition on MDA-MB-231 cells at 8.67 +/- 0.79 microg/ml as determined by sulforhodamine B (SRB) assay."	( Antiproliferative property and apoptotic effect of xanthorrhizol on MDA-MB-231 breast cancer cells. Abdullah, NR; Azimahtol, HL; Cheah, YH; Ismail, Z; Nordin, FJ; Tee, TT, )	0.72

Excerpt	Reference	Relevance
"Cisplatin is a potent anti-cancer chemotherapeutic agent but has the undesirable side effect of hepatotoxicity at high doses."	( Phosphorylation of c-Jun N-terminal Kinases (JNKs) is involved in the preventive effect of xanthorrhizol on cisplatin-induced hepatotoxicity. Hong, KO; Hwang, JK; Kim, SH; Park, KK, 2005)	0.55

Excerpt	Reference	Relevance
" The aim of this study is to investigate the synergistic anticandidal effect of xanthorrhizol in combination with ketoconazole or amphotericin B against Candida albicans, Candida glabrata, Candida guilliermondii, Candida krusei, Candida parapsilosis, and Candida tropicalis."	( Synergistic anticandidal activity of xanthorrhizol in combination with ketoconazole or amphotericin B. Hwang, JK; Lee, K; Lee, MS; Rukayadi, Y; Yong, D, 2009)	0.85
" This is the first report on expanding the activity spectrum of XTZ against Gram-negative bacteria through combination with PMBN and food-grade or GRAS substances, with the resulting findings being particularly useful for increasing the industrial and medical applications of XTZ."	( Expansion of antibacterial spectrum of xanthorrhizol against Gram-negatives in combination with PMBN and food-grade antimicrobials. Choi, SK; Hwang, JK; Kim, CH; Kim, H; Kim, HR; Kim, MS; Park, SH, 2019)	0.78

Class	Description
sesquiterpenoid	Any terpenoid derived from a sesquiterpene. The term includes compounds in which the C15 skeleton of the parent sesquiterpene has been rearranged or modified by the removal of one or more skeletal atoms (generally methyl groups).
[compound class information is derived from Chemical Entities of Biological Interest (ChEBI), Hastings J, Owen G, Dekker A, Ennis M, Kale N, Muthukrishnan V, Turner S, Swainston N, Mendes P, Steinbeck C. (2016). ChEBI in 2016: Improved services and an expanding collection of metabolites. Nucleic Acids Res]

Protein	Taxonomy	Measurement	Average	Min (ref.)	Avg (ref.)	Max (ref.)	Bioassay(s)
Enoyl-[acyl-carrier-protein] reductase [NADH] FabI	Escherichia coli K-12	IC50 (µMol)	17.1300	0.0050	1.5765	10.0000	AID1682432
[prepared from compound, protein, and bioassay information from National Library of Medicine (NLM), extracted Dec-2023]

Protein	Taxonomy	Measurement	Average	Min (ref.)	Avg (ref.)	Max (ref.)	Bioassay(s)
Enoyl-[acyl-carrier-protein] reductase [NADH] FabI	Escherichia coli K-12	Km	2.1000	1.9000	2.1000	2.3000	AID1682422; AID1682427
[prepared from compound, protein, and bioassay information from National Library of Medicine (NLM), extracted Dec-2023]

Process	via Protein(s)	Taxonomy
lipid biosynthetic process	Enoyl-[acyl-carrier-protein] reductase [NADH] FabI	Escherichia coli K-12
fatty acid elongation	Enoyl-[acyl-carrier-protein] reductase [NADH] FabI	Escherichia coli K-12
protein homotetramerization	Enoyl-[acyl-carrier-protein] reductase [NADH] FabI	Escherichia coli K-12
fatty acid biosynthetic process	Enoyl-[acyl-carrier-protein] reductase [NADH] FabI	Escherichia coli K-12
biotin biosynthetic process	Enoyl-[acyl-carrier-protein] reductase [NADH] FabI	Escherichia coli K-12
fatty acid elongation	Enoyl-[acyl-carrier-protein] reductase [NADH] FabI	Escherichia coli K-12
response to antibiotic	Enoyl-[acyl-carrier-protein] reductase [NADH] FabI	Escherichia coli K-12
[Information is prepared from geneontology information from the June-17-2024 release]

Process	via Protein(s)	Taxonomy
enoyl-[acyl-carrier-protein] reductase (NADH) activity	Enoyl-[acyl-carrier-protein] reductase [NADH] FabI	Escherichia coli K-12
protein binding	Enoyl-[acyl-carrier-protein] reductase [NADH] FabI	Escherichia coli K-12
oxidoreductase activity	Enoyl-[acyl-carrier-protein] reductase [NADH] FabI	Escherichia coli K-12
identical protein binding	Enoyl-[acyl-carrier-protein] reductase [NADH] FabI	Escherichia coli K-12
NADH binding	Enoyl-[acyl-carrier-protein] reductase [NADH] FabI	Escherichia coli K-12
[Information is prepared from geneontology information from the June-17-2024 release]

Process	via Protein(s)	Taxonomy
cytosol	Enoyl-[acyl-carrier-protein] reductase [NADH] FabI	Escherichia coli K-12
membrane	Enoyl-[acyl-carrier-protein] reductase [NADH] FabI	Escherichia coli K-12
protein-containing complex	Enoyl-[acyl-carrier-protein] reductase [NADH] FabI	Escherichia coli K-12
catalytic complex	Enoyl-[acyl-carrier-protein] reductase [NADH] FabI	Escherichia coli K-12
[Information is prepared from geneontology information from the June-17-2024 release]

Bioassays (75)

Assay ID	Title	Year	Journal	Article
AID1682382	Binding affinity to Plasmodium falciparum FabI Y156V mutant assessed as fluorescence quenching by fluorescence spectral analysis	2020	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters, 12-15, Volume: 30, Issue:24	The food-grade antimicrobial xanthorrhizol targets the enoyl-ACP reductase (FabI) in Escherichia coli.
AID1682385	Antimicrobial activity against Escherichia coli W3110 imp4213 assessed as absence of growth	2020	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters, 12-15, Volume: 30, Issue:24	The food-grade antimicrobial xanthorrhizol targets the enoyl-ACP reductase (FabI) in Escherichia coli.
AID1682436	Inhibition of Escherichia coli FabI G93V mutant	2020	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters, 12-15, Volume: 30, Issue:24	The food-grade antimicrobial xanthorrhizol targets the enoyl-ACP reductase (FabI) in Escherichia coli.
AID1682434	Inhibition of Escherichia coli FabI F203V mutant	2020	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters, 12-15, Volume: 30, Issue:24	The food-grade antimicrobial xanthorrhizol targets the enoyl-ACP reductase (FabI) in Escherichia coli.
AID1682435	Inhibition of Escherichia coli FabI Y156V mutant	2020	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters, 12-15, Volume: 30, Issue:24	The food-grade antimicrobial xanthorrhizol targets the enoyl-ACP reductase (FabI) in Escherichia coli.
AID1682395	Antimicrobial activity against Escherichia coli W3110 imp4213 expressing fabI392 pCA24N fabI Y156V mutant assessed as absence of growth	2020	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters, 12-15, Volume: 30, Issue:24	The food-grade antimicrobial xanthorrhizol targets the enoyl-ACP reductase (FabI) in Escherichia coli.
AID356758	Antimicrobial activity against Bacillus subtilis 327 after 18 hrs by microbroth dilution method	2001	Journal of natural products, Jul, Volume: 64, Issue:7	Biological and mechanistic activities of xanthorrizol and 4-(1',5'-dimethylhex-4'-enyl)-2-methylphenol isolated from Iostephane heterophylla.
AID356969	Inhibition of RNA synthesis in Escherichia coli assessed as incorporation of [3H]uridine at 128 ug/mL by LKB Betaplate scintillation counter relative to control	2001	Journal of natural products, Jul, Volume: 64, Issue:7	Biological and mechanistic activities of xanthorrizol and 4-(1',5'-dimethylhex-4'-enyl)-2-methylphenol isolated from Iostephane heterophylla.
AID1682397	Antimicrobial activity against Escherichia coli W3110 imp4213 expressing fabI392 pCA24N fabI F204V mutant assessed as absence of growth	2020	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters, 12-15, Volume: 30, Issue:24	The food-grade antimicrobial xanthorrhizol targets the enoyl-ACP reductase (FabI) in Escherichia coli.
AID356760	Antimicrobial activity against Escherichia coli 442 after 18 hrs by microbroth dilution method	2001	Journal of natural products, Jul, Volume: 64, Issue:7	Biological and mechanistic activities of xanthorrizol and 4-(1',5'-dimethylhex-4'-enyl)-2-methylphenol isolated from Iostephane heterophylla.
AID356762	Antimicrobial activity against Klebsiella pneumoniae 425 after 18 hrs by microbroth dilution method	2001	Journal of natural products, Jul, Volume: 64, Issue:7	Biological and mechanistic activities of xanthorrizol and 4-(1',5'-dimethylhex-4'-enyl)-2-methylphenol isolated from Iostephane heterophylla.
AID1682384	Drug uptake in Escherichia coli W3110 imp4213 mutant at 8 ug/ml incubated for 2 hrs (Rvb (wash control) = 1.48 +/- 1.31 pM)	2020	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters, 12-15, Volume: 30, Issue:24	The food-grade antimicrobial xanthorrhizol targets the enoyl-ACP reductase (FabI) in Escherichia coli.
AID356770	Inhibition of DNA synthesis in Escherichia coli assessed as incorporation of [3H]thymidine at 64 ug/mL by LKB Betaplate scintillation counter relative to control	2001	Journal of natural products, Jul, Volume: 64, Issue:7	Biological and mechanistic activities of xanthorrizol and 4-(1',5'-dimethylhex-4'-enyl)-2-methylphenol isolated from Iostephane heterophylla.
AID1682427	Uncompetitive inhibition of Wild type Escherichia coli FabI assessed inhibition constant using NADH as substrate by Lineweaver-Burk analysis	2020	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters, 12-15, Volume: 30, Issue:24	The food-grade antimicrobial xanthorrhizol targets the enoyl-ACP reductase (FabI) in Escherichia coli.
AID356754	Antimicrobial activity against methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus 310 after 18 hrs by microbroth dilution method	2001	Journal of natural products, Jul, Volume: 64, Issue:7	Biological and mechanistic activities of xanthorrizol and 4-(1',5'-dimethylhex-4'-enyl)-2-methylphenol isolated from Iostephane heterophylla.
AID356757	Antimicrobial activity against Enterococcus faecium 436 after 18 hrs by microbroth dilution method	2001	Journal of natural products, Jul, Volume: 64, Issue:7	Biological and mechanistic activities of xanthorrizol and 4-(1',5'-dimethylhex-4'-enyl)-2-methylphenol isolated from Iostephane heterophylla.
AID356768	Ratio of LD50 for CD1 mouse to ED50 for Staphylococcus aureus infected in single subcutaneously dosed CD1 moue	2001	Journal of natural products, Jul, Volume: 64, Issue:7	Biological and mechanistic activities of xanthorrizol and 4-(1',5'-dimethylhex-4'-enyl)-2-methylphenol isolated from Iostephane heterophylla.
AID1682425	Uncompetitive inhibition of Escherichia coli FabI Y156V mutant assessed inhibition constant using t-o-NAC as substrate by Lineweaver-Burk analysis	2020	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters, 12-15, Volume: 30, Issue:24	The food-grade antimicrobial xanthorrhizol targets the enoyl-ACP reductase (FabI) in Escherichia coli.
AID1682424	Uncompetitive inhibition of Escherichia coli FabI F203V mutant assessed inhibition constant using t-o-NAC as substrate by Lineweaver-Burk analysis	2020	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters, 12-15, Volume: 30, Issue:24	The food-grade antimicrobial xanthorrhizol targets the enoyl-ACP reductase (FabI) in Escherichia coli.
AID1682393	Antimicrobial activity against Escherichia coli W3110 imp4213 expressing fabI392 pCA24N mutant assessed as absence of growth	2020	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters, 12-15, Volume: 30, Issue:24	The food-grade antimicrobial xanthorrhizol targets the enoyl-ACP reductase (FabI) in Escherichia coli.
AID1682401	Binding affinity to wild type Escherichia coli FabI assessed as binding free energy	2020	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters, 12-15, Volume: 30, Issue:24	The food-grade antimicrobial xanthorrhizol targets the enoyl-ACP reductase (FabI) in Escherichia coli.
AID1682433	Inhibition of Escherichia coli FabI F203L mutant	2020	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters, 12-15, Volume: 30, Issue:24	The food-grade antimicrobial xanthorrhizol targets the enoyl-ACP reductase (FabI) in Escherichia coli.
AID1682396	Antimicrobial activity against Escherichia coli W3110 imp4213 expressing fabI392 pCA24N fabI F203L mutant assessed as absence of growth	2020	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters, 12-15, Volume: 30, Issue:24	The food-grade antimicrobial xanthorrhizol targets the enoyl-ACP reductase (FabI) in Escherichia coli.
AID356970	Inhibition of RNA synthesis in Escherichia coli assessed as incorporation of [3H]uridine at 64 ug/mL by LKB Betaplate scintillation counter relative to control	2001	Journal of natural products, Jul, Volume: 64, Issue:7	Biological and mechanistic activities of xanthorrizol and 4-(1',5'-dimethylhex-4'-enyl)-2-methylphenol isolated from Iostephane heterophylla.
AID1682390	Antimicrobial activity against Escherichia coli W3110 imp4213 expressing pCA24N-fab F203L mutant assessed as absence of growth	2020	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters, 12-15, Volume: 30, Issue:24	The food-grade antimicrobial xanthorrhizol targets the enoyl-ACP reductase (FabI) in Escherichia coli.
AID1682389	Antimicrobial activity against Escherichia coli W3110 imp4213 expressing pCA24N-fab/ Y156V mutant assessed as absence of growth	2020	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters, 12-15, Volume: 30, Issue:24	The food-grade antimicrobial xanthorrhizol targets the enoyl-ACP reductase (FabI) in Escherichia coli.
AID356767	Ratio of LD50 for CD1 mouse to ED50 for Staphylococcus aureus infected in single oral dosed CD1 mouse	2001	Journal of natural products, Jul, Volume: 64, Issue:7	Biological and mechanistic activities of xanthorrizol and 4-(1',5'-dimethylhex-4'-enyl)-2-methylphenol isolated from Iostephane heterophylla.
AID1682400	Binding affinity to Escherichia coli FabI Y156V mutant assessed as change in entropy	2020	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters, 12-15, Volume: 30, Issue:24	The food-grade antimicrobial xanthorrhizol targets the enoyl-ACP reductase (FabI) in Escherichia coli.
AID356978	Inhibition of protein synthesis in Escherichia coli assessed as incorporation of [3H]amino acid at 32 ug/mL by LKB Betaplate scintillation counter relative to control	2001	Journal of natural products, Jul, Volume: 64, Issue:7	Biological and mechanistic activities of xanthorrizol and 4-(1',5'-dimethylhex-4'-enyl)-2-methylphenol isolated from Iostephane heterophylla.
AID356772	Inhibition of DNA synthesis in Escherichia coli assessed as incorporation of [3H]thymidine at 16 ug/mL by LKB Betaplate scintillation counter relative to control	2001	Journal of natural products, Jul, Volume: 64, Issue:7	Biological and mechanistic activities of xanthorrizol and 4-(1',5'-dimethylhex-4'-enyl)-2-methylphenol isolated from Iostephane heterophylla.
AID1682432	Inhibition of Wild type Escherichia coli FabI	2020	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters, 12-15, Volume: 30, Issue:24	The food-grade antimicrobial xanthorrhizol targets the enoyl-ACP reductase (FabI) in Escherichia coli.
AID356979	Inhibition of protein synthesis in Escherichia coli assessed as incorporation of [3H]amino acid at 16 ug/mL by LKB Betaplate scintillation counter relative to control	2001	Journal of natural products, Jul, Volume: 64, Issue:7	Biological and mechanistic activities of xanthorrizol and 4-(1',5'-dimethylhex-4'-enyl)-2-methylphenol isolated from Iostephane heterophylla.
AID356771	Inhibition of DNA synthesis in Escherichia coli assessed as incorporation of [3H]thymidine at 32 ug/mL by LKB Betaplate scintillation counter relative to control	2001	Journal of natural products, Jul, Volume: 64, Issue:7	Biological and mechanistic activities of xanthorrizol and 4-(1',5'-dimethylhex-4'-enyl)-2-methylphenol isolated from Iostephane heterophylla.
AID356976	Inhibition of protein synthesis in Escherichia coli assessed as incorporation of [3H]amino acid at 128 ug/mL by LKB Betaplate scintillation counter relative to control	2001	Journal of natural products, Jul, Volume: 64, Issue:7	Biological and mechanistic activities of xanthorrizol and 4-(1',5'-dimethylhex-4'-enyl)-2-methylphenol isolated from Iostephane heterophylla.
AID1682391	Antimicrobial activity against Escherichia coli W3110 imp4213 expressing pCA24N-fab F204V mutant assessed as absence of growth	2020	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters, 12-15, Volume: 30, Issue:24	The food-grade antimicrobial xanthorrhizol targets the enoyl-ACP reductase (FabI) in Escherichia coli.
AID1682399	Binding affinity to Escherichia coli FabI G93V mutant assessed as change in entropy	2020	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters, 12-15, Volume: 30, Issue:24	The food-grade antimicrobial xanthorrhizol targets the enoyl-ACP reductase (FabI) in Escherichia coli.
AID1682398	Binding affinity to wild type Escherichia coli FabI assessed as change in entropy	2020	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters, 12-15, Volume: 30, Issue:24	The food-grade antimicrobial xanthorrhizol targets the enoyl-ACP reductase (FabI) in Escherichia coli.
AID1682378	Ratio of MIC for antimicrobial activity against Escherichia coli W3110 imp4213 expressing fabI392 pCA24N fabI F204V mutant assessed as absence of growth to MIC for antimicrobial activity against Escherichia coli W3110 imp4213 expressing fabI392 mutant ass	2020	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters, 12-15, Volume: 30, Issue:24	The food-grade antimicrobial xanthorrhizol targets the enoyl-ACP reductase (FabI) in Escherichia coli.
AID356765	Antimicrobial activity against Staphylococcus aureus infected in CD1 mouse administered single oral dose after 7 days	2001	Journal of natural products, Jul, Volume: 64, Issue:7	Biological and mechanistic activities of xanthorrizol and 4-(1',5'-dimethylhex-4'-enyl)-2-methylphenol isolated from Iostephane heterophylla.
AID1682383	Drug uptake in Escherichia coli W3110 at 8 ug/ml incubated for 2 hrs (Rvb (wash control) = 1.88 pM)	2020	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters, 12-15, Volume: 30, Issue:24	The food-grade antimicrobial xanthorrhizol targets the enoyl-ACP reductase (FabI) in Escherichia coli.
AID356977	Inhibition of protein synthesis in Escherichia coli assessed as incorporation of [3H]amino acid at 64 ug/mL by LKB Betaplate scintillation counter relative to control	2001	Journal of natural products, Jul, Volume: 64, Issue:7	Biological and mechanistic activities of xanthorrizol and 4-(1',5'-dimethylhex-4'-enyl)-2-methylphenol isolated from Iostephane heterophylla.
AID1682405	Antibacterial activity against Escherichia coli BW25113 assessed as effect on growth rate per hour at 8 uM incubated for 24 hrs by microplate reader	2020	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters, 12-15, Volume: 30, Issue:24	The food-grade antimicrobial xanthorrhizol targets the enoyl-ACP reductase (FabI) in Escherichia coli.
AID1682394	Antimicrobial activity against Escherichia coli W3110 imp4213 expressing fabI392 pCA24N fabI mutant assessed as absence of growth	2020	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters, 12-15, Volume: 30, Issue:24	The food-grade antimicrobial xanthorrhizol targets the enoyl-ACP reductase (FabI) in Escherichia coli.
AID356761	Antimicrobial activity against Escherichia coli ATCC 25922 after 18 hrs by microbroth dilution method	2001	Journal of natural products, Jul, Volume: 64, Issue:7	Biological and mechanistic activities of xanthorrizol and 4-(1',5'-dimethylhex-4'-enyl)-2-methylphenol isolated from Iostephane heterophylla.
AID1682426	Uncompetitive inhibition of Escherichia coli FabI G93V mutant assessed inhibition constant using t-o-NAc as substrate by Lineweaver-Burk analysis	2020	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters, 12-15, Volume: 30, Issue:24	The food-grade antimicrobial xanthorrhizol targets the enoyl-ACP reductase (FabI) in Escherichia coli.
AID1682428	Uncompetitive inhibition of Escherichia coli FabI F203L mutant assessed inhibition constant using NADH as substrate by Lineweaver-Burk analysis	2020	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters, 12-15, Volume: 30, Issue:24	The food-grade antimicrobial xanthorrhizol targets the enoyl-ACP reductase (FabI) in Escherichia coli.
AID1666597	Induction of DNA damage in human SU8686 cells assessed as increase in gammaH2AX phosphorylation at ser193 at cytotoxic IC50 in presence of 0.3 uM doxorubicin by fluorometry method	2020	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry, 02-15, Volume: 28, Issue:4	Targeting the DNA damage response (DDR) by natural compounds.
AID356756	Antimicrobial activity against vancomycin-resistant Enterococcus faecium 379 after 18 hrs by microbroth dilution method	2001	Journal of natural products, Jul, Volume: 64, Issue:7	Biological and mechanistic activities of xanthorrizol and 4-(1',5'-dimethylhex-4'-enyl)-2-methylphenol isolated from Iostephane heterophylla.
AID356769	Inhibition of DNA synthesis in Escherichia coli assessed as incorporation of [3H]thymidine at 128 ug/mL by LKB Betaplate scintillation counter relative to control	2001	Journal of natural products, Jul, Volume: 64, Issue:7	Biological and mechanistic activities of xanthorrizol and 4-(1',5'-dimethylhex-4'-enyl)-2-methylphenol isolated from Iostephane heterophylla.
AID356973	Inhibition of RNA synthesis in Escherichia coli assessed as incorporation of [3H]uridine at 8 ug/mL by LKB Betaplate scintillation counter relative to control	2001	Journal of natural products, Jul, Volume: 64, Issue:7	Biological and mechanistic activities of xanthorrizol and 4-(1',5'-dimethylhex-4'-enyl)-2-methylphenol isolated from Iostephane heterophylla.
AID356755	Antimicrobial activity against Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 25923 after 18 hrs by microbroth dilution method	2001	Journal of natural products, Jul, Volume: 64, Issue:7	Biological and mechanistic activities of xanthorrizol and 4-(1',5'-dimethylhex-4'-enyl)-2-methylphenol isolated from Iostephane heterophylla.
AID1682430	Uncompetitive inhibition of Escherichia coli FabI Y156V mutant assessed inhibition constant using NADH as substrate by Lineweaver-Burk analysis	2020	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters, 12-15, Volume: 30, Issue:24	The food-grade antimicrobial xanthorrhizol targets the enoyl-ACP reductase (FabI) in Escherichia coli.
AID356753	Antimicrobial activity against methicillin-sensitive Staphylococcus aureus 375 after 18 hrs by microbroth dilution method	2001	Journal of natural products, Jul, Volume: 64, Issue:7	Biological and mechanistic activities of xanthorrizol and 4-(1',5'-dimethylhex-4'-enyl)-2-methylphenol isolated from Iostephane heterophylla.
AID1682388	Antimicrobial activity against Escherichia coli W3110 imp4213 expressing pCA24N-fabI mutant assessed as absence of growth	2020	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters, 12-15, Volume: 30, Issue:24	The food-grade antimicrobial xanthorrhizol targets the enoyl-ACP reductase (FabI) in Escherichia coli.
AID356759	Antimicrobial activity against Escherichia coli 389 after 18 hrs by microbroth dilution method	2001	Journal of natural products, Jul, Volume: 64, Issue:7	Biological and mechanistic activities of xanthorrizol and 4-(1',5'-dimethylhex-4'-enyl)-2-methylphenol isolated from Iostephane heterophylla.
AID1682423	Uncompetitive inhibition of Escherichia coli FabI F203L mutant assessed inhibition constant using t-o-NAC as substrate by Lineweaver-Burk analysis	2020	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters, 12-15, Volume: 30, Issue:24	The food-grade antimicrobial xanthorrhizol targets the enoyl-ACP reductase (FabI) in Escherichia coli.
AID1682402	Binding affinity to Escherichia coli FabI G93V mutant assessed as binding free energy	2020	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters, 12-15, Volume: 30, Issue:24	The food-grade antimicrobial xanthorrhizol targets the enoyl-ACP reductase (FabI) in Escherichia coli.
AID1682381	Antimicrobial activity against wild type Escherichia coli W3110 assessed as absence of growth	2020	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters, 12-15, Volume: 30, Issue:24	The food-grade antimicrobial xanthorrhizol targets the enoyl-ACP reductase (FabI) in Escherichia coli.
AID356972	Inhibition of RNA synthesis in Escherichia coli assessed as incorporation of [3H]uridine at 16 ug/mL by LKB Betaplate scintillation counter relative to control	2001	Journal of natural products, Jul, Volume: 64, Issue:7	Biological and mechanistic activities of xanthorrizol and 4-(1',5'-dimethylhex-4'-enyl)-2-methylphenol isolated from Iostephane heterophylla.
AID1682431	Uncompetitive inhibition of Escherichia coli FabI G93V mutant assessed inhibition constant using NADH as substrate by Lineweaver-Burk analysis	2020	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters, 12-15, Volume: 30, Issue:24	The food-grade antimicrobial xanthorrhizol targets the enoyl-ACP reductase (FabI) in Escherichia coli.
AID1682379	Ratio of MIC for antimicrobial activity against Escherichia coli W3110 imp4213 expressing fabI392 pCA24N fabI F203L mutant assessed as absence of growth to MIC for antimicrobial activity against Escherichia coli W3110 imp4213 expressing fabI392 mutant ass	2020	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters, 12-15, Volume: 30, Issue:24	The food-grade antimicrobial xanthorrhizol targets the enoyl-ACP reductase (FabI) in Escherichia coli.
AID356766	Antimicrobial activity against Staphylococcus aureus infected in CD1 mouse administered subcutaneously after 30 mins infection measured after 7 days	2001	Journal of natural products, Jul, Volume: 64, Issue:7	Biological and mechanistic activities of xanthorrizol and 4-(1',5'-dimethylhex-4'-enyl)-2-methylphenol isolated from Iostephane heterophylla.
AID1682403	Binding affinity to Escherichia coli FabI Y156V mutant assessed as binding free energy	2020	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters, 12-15, Volume: 30, Issue:24	The food-grade antimicrobial xanthorrhizol targets the enoyl-ACP reductase (FabI) in Escherichia coli.
AID1682429	Uncompetitive inhibition of Escherichia coli FabI F203V mutant assessed inhibition constant using NADH as substrate by Lineweaver-Burk analysis	2020	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters, 12-15, Volume: 30, Issue:24	The food-grade antimicrobial xanthorrhizol targets the enoyl-ACP reductase (FabI) in Escherichia coli.
AID1682380	Antimicrobial activity against triclosan resistance-induced Escherichia coli W3110 assessed as absence of growth	2020	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters, 12-15, Volume: 30, Issue:24	The food-grade antimicrobial xanthorrhizol targets the enoyl-ACP reductase (FabI) in Escherichia coli.
AID356980	Inhibition of protein synthesis in Escherichia coli assessed as incorporation of [3H]amino acid at 8 ug/mL by LKB Betaplate scintillation counter relative to control	2001	Journal of natural products, Jul, Volume: 64, Issue:7	Biological and mechanistic activities of xanthorrizol and 4-(1',5'-dimethylhex-4'-enyl)-2-methylphenol isolated from Iostephane heterophylla.
AID356773	Inhibition of DNA synthesis in Escherichia coli assessed as incorporation of [3H]thymidine at 8 ug/mL by LKB Betaplate scintillation counter relative to control	2001	Journal of natural products, Jul, Volume: 64, Issue:7	Biological and mechanistic activities of xanthorrizol and 4-(1',5'-dimethylhex-4'-enyl)-2-methylphenol isolated from Iostephane heterophylla.
AID1682387	Antimicrobial activity against Escherichia coli W3110 imp4213 expressing fabI G93V mutant assessed as absence of growth	2020	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters, 12-15, Volume: 30, Issue:24	The food-grade antimicrobial xanthorrhizol targets the enoyl-ACP reductase (FabI) in Escherichia coli.
AID356763	Antimicrobial activity against Pseudomonas aeruginosa 339 after 18 hrs by microbroth dilution method	2001	Journal of natural products, Jul, Volume: 64, Issue:7	Biological and mechanistic activities of xanthorrizol and 4-(1',5'-dimethylhex-4'-enyl)-2-methylphenol isolated from Iostephane heterophylla.
AID356971	Inhibition of RNA synthesis in Escherichia coli assessed as incorporation of [3H]uridine at 32 ug/mL by LKB Betaplate scintillation counter relative to control	2001	Journal of natural products, Jul, Volume: 64, Issue:7	Biological and mechanistic activities of xanthorrizol and 4-(1',5'-dimethylhex-4'-enyl)-2-methylphenol isolated from Iostephane heterophylla.
AID1682404	Binding affinity to Plasmodium falciparum FabI assessed as fluorescence quenching by fluorescence spectral analysis	2020	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters, 12-15, Volume: 30, Issue:24	The food-grade antimicrobial xanthorrhizol targets the enoyl-ACP reductase (FabI) in Escherichia coli.
AID1682386	Antimicrobial activity against Escherichia coli W3110 imp4213 expressing pCA24N mutant assessed as absence of growth	2020	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters, 12-15, Volume: 30, Issue:24	The food-grade antimicrobial xanthorrhizol targets the enoyl-ACP reductase (FabI) in Escherichia coli.
AID1682392	Antimicrobial activity against Escherichia coli W3110 imp4213 expressing fabI392 mutant assessed as absence of growth	2020	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters, 12-15, Volume: 30, Issue:24	The food-grade antimicrobial xanthorrhizol targets the enoyl-ACP reductase (FabI) in Escherichia coli.
AID356764	Antimicrobial activity against Candida albicans 54 after 18 hrs by microbroth dilution method	2001	Journal of natural products, Jul, Volume: 64, Issue:7	Biological and mechanistic activities of xanthorrizol and 4-(1',5'-dimethylhex-4'-enyl)-2-methylphenol isolated from Iostephane heterophylla.
AID1682422	Uncompetitive inhibition of Wild type Escherichia coli FabI assessed inhibition constant using t-o-NAC as substrate by Lineweaver-Burk analysis	2020	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters, 12-15, Volume: 30, Issue:24	The food-grade antimicrobial xanthorrhizol targets the enoyl-ACP reductase (FabI) in Escherichia coli.
[information is prepared from bioassay data collected from National Library of Medicine (NLM), extracted Dec-2023]

Timeframe	Studies, This Drug (%)	All Drugs %
pre-1990	0 (0.00)	18.7374
1990's	1 (2.04)	18.2507
2000's	21 (42.86)	29.6817
2010's	18 (36.73)	24.3611
2020's	9 (18.37)	2.80
[information is prepared from research data collected from National Library of Medicine (NLM), extracted Dec-2023]

Publication Type	This drug (%)	All Drugs (%)
Trials	0 (0.00%)	5.53%
Reviews	2 (3.70%)	6.00%
Case Studies	0 (0.00%)	4.05%
Observational	0 (0.00%)	0.25%
Other	52 (96.30%)	84.16%
[information is prepared from research data collected from National Library of Medicine (NLM), extracted Dec-2023]

Substance	Relationship Strength	Studies	Classes	Roles
gallic acid gallate : A trihydroxybenzoate that is the conjugate base of gallic acid.	2.11	1	trihydroxybenzoic acid	antineoplastic agent; antioxidant; apoptosis inducer; astringent; cyclooxygenase 2 inhibitor; EC 1.13.11.33 (arachidonate 15-lipoxygenase) inhibitor; geroprotector; human xenobiotic metabolite; plant metabolite
diclofenac Diclofenac: A non-steroidal anti-inflammatory agent (NSAID) with antipyretic and analgesic actions. It is primarily available as the sodium salt.. diclofenac : A monocarboxylic acid consisting of phenylacetic acid having a (2,6-dichlorophenyl)amino group at the 2-position.	2.15	1	amino acid; aromatic amine; dichlorobenzene; monocarboxylic acid; secondary amino compound	antipyretic; drug allergen; EC 1.14.99.1 (prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase) inhibitor; environmental contaminant; non-narcotic analgesic; non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug; xenobiotic
indomethacin Indomethacin: A non-steroidal anti-inflammatory agent (NSAID) that inhibits CYCLOOXYGENASE, which is necessary for the formation of PROSTAGLANDINS and other AUTACOIDS. It also inhibits the motility of POLYMORPHONUCLEAR LEUKOCYTES.. indometacin : A member of the class of indole-3-acetic acids that is indole-3-acetic acid in which the indole ring is substituted at positions 1, 2 and 5 by p-chlorobenzoyl, methyl, and methoxy groups, respectively. A non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug, it is used in the treatment of musculoskeletal and joint disorders including osteoarthritis, rheumatoid arthritis, gout, bursitis and tendinitis.	2	1	aromatic ether; indole-3-acetic acids; monochlorobenzenes; N-acylindole	analgesic; drug metabolite; EC 1.14.99.1 (prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase) inhibitor; environmental contaminant; gout suppressant; non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug; xenobiotic metabolite; xenobiotic
ketoconazole 1-acetyl-4-(4-{[2-(2,4-dichlorophenyl)-2-(1H-imidazol-1-ylmethyl)-1,3-dioxolan-4-yl]methoxy}phenyl)piperazine : A dioxolane that is 1,3-dioxolane which is substituted at positions 2, 2, and 4 by imidazol-1-ylmethyl, 2,4-dichlorophenyl, and [para-(4-acetylpiperazin-1-yl)phenoxy]methyl groups, respectively.	7.05	1	dichlorobenzene; dioxolane; ether; imidazoles; N-acylpiperazine; N-arylpiperazine
kojic acid [no description available]	2.25	1	4-pyranones; enol; primary alcohol	Aspergillus metabolite; EC 1.10.3.1 (catechol oxidase) inhibitor; EC 1.10.3.2 (laccase) inhibitor; EC 1.13.11.24 (quercetin 2,3-dioxygenase) inhibitor; EC 1.14.18.1 (tyrosinase) inhibitor; EC 1.4.3.3 (D-amino-acid oxidase) inhibitor; NF-kappaB inhibitor; skin lightening agent
potassium chloride Potassium Chloride: A white crystal or crystalline powder used in BUFFERS; FERTILIZERS; and EXPLOSIVES. It can be used to replenish ELECTROLYTES and restore WATER-ELECTROLYTE BALANCE in treating HYPOKALEMIA.. potassium chloride : A metal chloride salt with a K(+) counterion.	2	1	inorganic chloride; inorganic potassium salt; potassium salt	fertilizer
triclosan [no description available]	2.25	1	aromatic ether; dichlorobenzene; monochlorobenzenes; phenols	antibacterial agent; antimalarial; drug allergen; EC 1.3.1.9 [enoyl-[acyl-carrier-protein] reductase (NADH)] inhibitor; EC 1.5.1.3 (dihydrofolate reductase) inhibitor; fungicide; persistent organic pollutant; xenobiotic
2,3-bis(2-methoxy-4-nitro-5-sulfophenyl)-5-((phenylamino)carbonyl)-2h-tetrazolium hydroxide 2,3-bis(2-methoxy-4-nitro-5-sulfophenyl)-5-((phenylamino)carbonyl)-2H-tetrazolium hydroxide: structure given in first source	2.06	1
penicillin g Penicillin G: A penicillin derivative commonly used in the form of its sodium or potassium salts in the treatment of a variety of infections. It is effective against most gram-positive bacteria and against gram-negative cocci. It has also been used as an experimental convulsant because of its actions on GAMMA-AMINOBUTYRIC ACID mediated synaptic transmission.. benzylpenicillin : A penicillin in which the substituent at position 6 of the penam ring is a phenylacetamido group.	2	1	penicillin allergen; penicillin	antibacterial drug; drug allergen; epitope
chloramphenicol Amphenicol: Chloramphenicol and its derivatives.	2	1	C-nitro compound; carboxamide; diol; organochlorine compound	antibacterial drug; antimicrobial agent; Escherichia coli metabolite; geroprotector; Mycoplasma genitalium metabolite; protein synthesis inhibitor
9,10-dimethyl-1,2-benzanthracene 9,10-Dimethyl-1,2-benzanthracene: Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon found in tobacco smoke that is a potent carcinogen.. 7,12-dimethyltetraphene : A tetraphene having methyl substituents at the 7- and 12-positions. It is a potent carcinogen and is present in tobacco smoke.	2.08	1	ortho-fused polycyclic arene; tetraphenes	carcinogenic agent
acetonitrile acetonitrile: RN given refers to unlabeled cpd. acetonitrile : A nitrile that is hydrogen cyanide in which the hydrogen has been replaced by a methyl group.	2.15	1	aliphatic nitrile; volatile organic compound	EC 3.5.1.4 (amidase) inhibitor; NMR chemical shift reference compound; polar aprotic solvent
2-methylpentane Hexanes: Six-carbon saturated hydrocarbon group of the methane series. Include isomers and derivatives. Various polyneuropathies are caused by hexane poisoning.	2.11	1	alkane
aloe emodin aloe emodin: structure distinct from emodin; this does not mean emodin from aloe. Aloe emodin : A dihydroxyanthraquinone that is chrysazin carrying a hydroxymethyl group at position 3. It has been isolated from plant species of the genus Aloe.	2.25	1	aromatic primary alcohol; dihydroxyanthraquinone	antineoplastic agent; plant metabolite
carvacrol carvacrol : A phenol that is a natural monoterpene derivative of cymene. An inhibitor of bacterial growth, it is used as a food additive. Potent activator of the human ion channels transient receptor potential V3 (TRPV3) and A1 (TRPA1).	2.21	1	botanical anti-fungal agent; p-menthane monoterpenoid; phenols	agrochemical; antimicrobial agent; flavouring agent; TRPA1 channel agonist; volatile oil component
malondialdehyde Malondialdehyde: The dialdehyde of malonic acid.. malonaldehyde : A dialdehyde that is propane substituted by two oxo groups at the terminal carbon atoms respectively. A biomarker of oxidative damage to lipids caused by smoking, it exists in vivo mainly in the enol form.	2.02	1	dialdehyde	biomarker
caproamide [no description available]	2.25	1	primary carboxamide; primary fatty amide
vancomycin Vancomycin: Antibacterial obtained from Streptomyces orientalis. It is a glycopeptide related to RISTOCETIN that inhibits bacterial cell wall assembly and is toxic to kidneys and the inner ear.. vancomycin : A complex glycopeptide from Streptomyces orientalis. It inhibits a specific step in the synthesis of the peptidoglycan layer in the Gram-positive bacteria Staphylococcus aureus and Clostridium difficile.	2	1	glycopeptide	antibacterial drug; antimicrobial agent; bacterial metabolite
4-chloro-7-nitrobenzofurazan 4-Chloro-7-nitrobenzofurazan: A benzofuran derivative used as a protein reagent since the terminal N-NBD-protein conjugate possesses interesting fluorescence and spectral properties. It has also been used as a covalent inhibitor of both beef heart mitochondrial ATPase and bacterial ATPase.. 4-chloro-7-nitrobenzofurazan : A benzoxadiazole that is 2,1,3-benzoxadiazole which is substituted at position 4 by chlorine and at position 7 by a nitro group.	2.13	1	benzoxadiazole; C-nitro compound; organochlorine compound	EC 1.4.3.4 (monoamine oxidase) inhibitor; EC 3.6.1.3 (adenosinetriphosphatase) inhibitor; fluorescent probe; fluorochrome
tetradecanoylphorbol acetate Tetradecanoylphorbol Acetate: A phorbol ester found in CROTON OIL with very effective tumor promoting activity. It stimulates the synthesis of both DNA and RNA.. phorbol ester : Esters of phorbol, originally found in croton oil (from Croton tiglium, of the family Euphorbiaceae). A number of phorbol esters possess activity as tumour promoters and activate the mechanisms associated with cell growth. Some of these are used in experiments as activators of protein kinase C.. phorbol 13-acetate 12-myristate : A phorbol ester that is phorbol in which the hydroxy groups at the cyclopropane ring juction (position 13) and the adjacent carbon (position 12) have been converted into the corresponding acetate and myristate esters. It is a major active constituent of the seed oil of Croton tiglium. It has been used as a tumour promoting agent for skin carcinogenesis in rodents and is associated with increased cell proliferation of malignant cells. However its function is controversial since a decrease in cell proliferation has also been observed in several cancer cell types.	2.03	1	acetate ester; diester; phorbol ester; tertiary alpha-hydroxy ketone; tetradecanoate ester	antineoplastic agent; apoptosis inducer; carcinogenic agent; mitogen; plant metabolite; protein kinase C agonist; reactive oxygen species generator
iodine [no description available]	2.03	1	halide anion; monoatomic iodine	human metabolite
phenyl acetate phenyl acetate: The ester formed between phenol and acetic acid. Don't confuse with phenylacetic acid derivatives listed under PHENYLACETATES.. phenyl acetate : An acetate ester obtained by the formal condensation of phenol with acetic acid.	2.15	1	benzenes; phenyl acetates
glutamic acid Glutamic Acid: A non-essential amino acid naturally occurring in the L-form. Glutamic acid is the most common excitatory neurotransmitter in the CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM.. glutamic acid : An alpha-amino acid that is glutaric acid bearing a single amino substituent at position 2.	2.02	1	glutamic acid; glutamine family amino acid; L-alpha-amino acid; proteinogenic amino acid	Escherichia coli metabolite; ferroptosis inducer; micronutrient; mouse metabolite; neurotransmitter; nutraceutical
ng-nitroarginine methyl ester NG-Nitroarginine Methyl Ester: A non-selective inhibitor of nitric oxide synthase. It has been used experimentally to induce hypertension.	2	1	alpha-amino acid ester; L-arginine derivative; methyl ester; N-nitro compound	EC 1.14.13.39 (nitric oxide synthase) inhibitor
octyl gallate [no description available]	2.11	1	gallate ester	food antioxidant; hypoglycemic agent; plant metabolite
ciprofloxacin hydrochloride anhydrous [no description available]	2	1	hydrochloride	antibacterial drug; antiinfective agent; EC 5.99.1.3 [DNA topoisomerase (ATP-hydrolysing)] inhibitor; topoisomerase IV inhibitor
epigallocatechin gallate epigallocatechin gallate: a steroid 5alpha-reductase inhibitor and antimutagen in green tea (Camellia sinensis). (-)-epigallocatechin 3-gallate : A gallate ester obtained by the formal condensation of gallic acid with the (3R)-hydroxy group of (-)-epigallocatechin.	2.25	1	flavans; gallate ester; polyphenol	antineoplastic agent; antioxidant; apoptosis inducer; geroprotector; Hsp90 inhibitor; neuroprotective agent; plant metabolite
viridicatin viridicatin: structure. viridicatin : A hydroxyquinolone that is 3-hydroxyuinolin-2(1H)-one which is substituted at position 4 by a phenyl groups. Isolated from the mycelium of several Penicillium species, it exhibits strong antibiotic activity against M. tuberculosis and also against B. subtilis, S. aureus and S. cerevisiae.	2.25	1	hydroxyquinoline	antibacterial agent; Aspergillus metabolite; marine metabolite; Penicillium metabolite
pinocembrin pinocembrin : A dihydroxyflavanone in which the two hydroxy groups are located at positions 5 and 7. A natural product found in Piper sarmentosum and Cryptocarya chartacea.	2.25	1	(2S)-flavan-4-one; dihydroxyflavanone	antineoplastic agent; antioxidant; metabolite; neuroprotective agent; vasodilator agent
avarol avarol: RN given refers to parent cpd; extract from Dysidea avara(sea sponge)	2.25	1
avarone avarone: antileukemic agent; isolated from Dysidea avara	2.25	1
skyrin skyrin: main pigment of toxin rice fungus Penicillium islandicum; RN given refers to parent cpd; structure	2.25	1	biaryl; trihydroxyanthraquinone
altersolanol a altersolanol A: isolated from fermentation product of fungus Alternaria porri(Ellis) Ciferri;RN given refers to (1R-(1alpha,2beta,3beta,4alpha))-isomer; structure given in first source	2.25	1	pentahydroxyanthraquinone
alpha-curcumene alpha-curcumene: active priniciple in essential oils of Curcuma xanthorrhiza. alpha-curcumene : A sesquiterpene that is 2-methyl-2-heptene in which one of the hydrogens at position 6 is substituted by a p-tolyl group.	2.45	2	sesquiterpene
1,2-hexanediol [no description available]	2.11	1
aeroplysinin i aeroplysinin I: isolated from sponge Aplysina sp.; RN refers to (1S-trans)-isomer; structure given in second source	2.25	1	tertiary alcohol
fulvestrant Fulvestrant: An estradiol derivative and estrogen receptor antagonist that is used for the treatment of estrogen receptor-positive, locally advanced or metastatic breast cancer.. fulvestrant : A 3-hydroxy steroid that is 17beta-estradiol in which the 7alpha hydrogen has been replaced by a nonyl group in which one of the hydrogens of the terminal methyl has been replaced by a (4,4,5,5,5-pentafluoropentyl)sulfinyl group. An estrogen receptor antagonist, it is used in the treatment of breast cancer.	2.05	1	17beta-hydroxy steroid; 3-hydroxy steroid; organofluorine compound; sulfoxide	antineoplastic agent; estrogen antagonist; estrogen receptor antagonist
matairesinol matairesinol: lignan that is a central precursor in plants in the biosynthesis of numerous lignans (coordinate with specific); RN refers to (3R-trans)-isomer. (-)-matairesinol : A lignan that is gamma-butyrolactone in which the 3 and 4 positions are substituted by 4-hydroxy-3-methoxybenzyl groups (the 3R,4R-diastereomer).	2.25	1	gamma-lactone; lignan; polyphenol	angiogenesis inhibitor; anti-asthmatic agent; phytoestrogen; plant metabolite
macrosporin macrosporin: isolated from fermentation product of fungus Alternaria porri (Ellis) Ciferri; structure given in first source	2.25	1
lignans Lignans: A class of dibenzylbutane derivatives which occurs in higher plants and in fluids (bile, serum, urine, etc.) in man and other animals. These compounds, which have a potential anti-cancer role, can be synthesized in vitro by human fecal flora. (From Singleton & Sainsbury, Dictionary of Microbiology and Molecular Biology, 2d ed)	2.11	1
ammonium acetate ammonium acetate : An ammonium salt obtained by reaction of ammonia with acetic acid. A deliquescent white crystalline solid, it has a relatively low melting point (114degreeC) for a salt. Used as a food acidity regulator, although no longer approved for this purpose in the EU.	2.15	1	acetate salt; ammonium salt	buffer; food acidity regulator
glycosides [no description available]	2	1
sesquiterpenes [no description available]	2.45	2
curcumin Curcumin: A yellow-orange dye obtained from tumeric, the powdered root of CURCUMA longa. It is used in the preparation of curcuma paper and the detection of boron. Curcumin appears to possess a spectrum of pharmacological properties, due primarily to its inhibitory effects on metabolic enzymes.. curcumin : A beta-diketone that is methane in which two of the hydrogens are substituted by feruloyl groups. A natural dyestuff found in the root of Curcuma longa.	2.94	4	aromatic ether; beta-diketone; diarylheptanoid; enone; polyphenol	anti-inflammatory agent; antifungal agent; antineoplastic agent; biological pigment; contraceptive drug; dye; EC 1.1.1.205 (IMP dehydrogenase) inhibitor; EC 1.1.1.21 (aldehyde reductase) inhibitor; EC 1.1.1.25 (shikimate dehydrogenase) inhibitor; EC 1.6.5.2 [NAD(P)H dehydrogenase (quinone)] inhibitor; EC 1.8.1.9 (thioredoxin reductase) inhibitor; EC 2.7.10.2 (non-specific protein-tyrosine kinase) inhibitor; EC 3.5.1.98 (histone deacetylase) inhibitor; flavouring agent; food colouring; geroprotector; hepatoprotective agent; immunomodulator; iron chelator; ligand; lipoxygenase inhibitor; metabolite; neuroprotective agent; nutraceutical; radical scavenger
tamoxifen [no description available]	7.1	1	stilbenoid; tertiary amino compound	angiogenesis inhibitor; antineoplastic agent; bone density conservation agent; EC 1.2.3.1 (aldehyde oxidase) inhibitor; EC 2.7.11.13 (protein kinase C) inhibitor; estrogen antagonist; estrogen receptor antagonist; estrogen receptor modulator
beauvericin [no description available]	2.25	1	cyclodepsipeptide	antibiotic insecticide; antifungal agent; antineoplastic agent; apoptosis inhibitor; fungal metabolite; ionophore; mycotoxin; P450 inhibitor
8-hydroxymanzamine a 8-hydroxymanzamine A: active against HIV-II; isolated from the sponge Pachypellina; structure in first source. 8-hydroxymanzamine A : An alkaloid that is manzamine A with a hydroxy substituent at position 8. Isolated from Pachypellina and Acanthostrongylophora, it exhibits inhibitory activity against Glycogen Synthase Kinase-3 (EC 2.7.11.26).	2.25	1	alkaloid; beta-carbolines; isoquinolines	anti-HSV-2 agent; EC 2.7.11.26 (tau-protein kinase) inhibitor; metabolite
amphotericin b Amphotericin B: Macrolide antifungal antibiotic produced by Streptomyces nodosus obtained from soil of the Orinoco river region of Venezuela.. amphotericin B : A macrolide antibiotic used to treat potentially life-threatening fungal infections.	7.05	1	antibiotic antifungal drug; macrolide antibiotic; polyene antibiotic	antiamoebic agent; antiprotozoal drug; bacterial metabolite
4-hydroxy-2-nonenal 4-hydroxy-2-nonenal: cytotoxic product from peroxidation of liver microsomal lipids; RN given refers to cpd without isomeric designation. 4-hydroxynon-2-enal : An enal consisting of non-2-ene having an oxo group at the 1-position and a hydroxy group at the 4-position.. 4-hydroxynonenal : A monounsaturated fatty aldehyde that is nonanal that has undergone dehydrogenation to introduce a double bond at any position in the aliphatic chain and in which a hydrogen at position 4 has been replaced by a hydroxy group.	2.17	1	4-hydroxynon-2-enal; 4-hydroxynonenal
neobavaisoflavone neobavaisoflavone: isolated from Psoralea corylifolia; structure in first source. neobavaisoflavone : A member of the class of 7-hydroxyisoflavones that is 7-hydroxyisoflavone with an additonal hydroxy group at position 4' and a prenyl group at position 3'. Isolated from seeds of Psoralea corylifolia, it exhibits inhibitory activity against DNA polymerase and platelet aggregation.	2.25	1	7-hydroxyisoflavones	antineoplastic agent; EC 2.7.7.7 (DNA-directed DNA polymerase) inhibitor; plant metabolite; platelet aggregation inhibitor
alternariol monomethyl ether djalonensone : A benzochromenone that is alternariol in which the hydroxy group at position 9 has been converted into the corresponding methyl ether. A natural product found in Chaetomium globosum as well as being one of the two most important compounds belonging to the group of Altenaria mycotoxins.	2.25	1	aromatic ether; benzochromenone	antifungal agent; fungal metabolite; mycotoxin
luffariellolide luffariellolide: structure given in first source; a partially reversible phospholipase A2 inhibitor; a major metabolite of the sponge Luffariella; do not confuse with luffolide, a minor metabolite of the same species	2.25	1	diterpene lactone
bakuchiol bakuchiol: chief component of Psoralea corylifolia Linn; structure	2.25	1
vinaxanthone vinaxanthone: structure given in first source	2.25	1
bavachalcone bavachalcone: structure in first source	2.25	1	chalcones
panduratin a panduratin A: isolated from Kaempferia pandurata; structure in first source	2.11	1	diarylheptanoid	metabolite
chlorhexidine Chlorhexidine: A disinfectant and topical anti-infective agent used also as mouthwash to prevent oral plaque.. chlorhexidine : A bisbiguanide compound with a structure consisting of two (p-chlorophenyl)guanide units linked by a hexamethylene bridge.	2.42	2	biguanides; monochlorobenzenes	antibacterial agent; antiinfective agent
macelignan macelignan: an NSAID with antioxidant, free radical scavenging, and neuroprotective activities; structure in first source	2.11	1	lignan
aerothionin [no description available]	2.25	1	isoxazoles	metabolite
anthecotulide anthecotulide: from Anthemis cotula; structure in first source	2.25	1	butan-4-olide
roquefortine [no description available]	2.25	1	pyrroloindole
rifampin Rifampin: A semisynthetic antibiotic produced from Streptomyces mediterranei. It has a broad antibacterial spectrum, including activity against several forms of Mycobacterium. In susceptible organisms it inhibits DNA-dependent RNA polymerase activity by forming a stable complex with the enzyme. It thus suppresses the initiation of RNA synthesis. Rifampin is bactericidal, and acts on both intracellular and extracellular organisms. (From Gilman et al., Goodman and Gilman's The Pharmacological Basis of Therapeutics, 9th ed, p1160)	2	1	cyclic ketal; hydrazone; N-iminopiperazine; N-methylpiperazine; rifamycins; semisynthetic derivative; zwitterion	angiogenesis inhibitor; antiamoebic agent; antineoplastic agent; antitubercular agent; DNA synthesis inhibitor; EC 2.7.7.6 (RNA polymerase) inhibitor; Escherichia coli metabolite; geroprotector; leprostatic drug; neuroprotective agent; pregnane X receptor agonist; protein synthesis inhibitor

Condition	Relationship Strength	Studies
Disease Models, Animal Naturally-occurring or experimentally-induced animal diseases with pathological processes analogous to human diseases.	2.97	4
E coli Infections [description not available]	2.25	1
Escherichia coli Infections Infections with bacteria of the species ESCHERICHIA COLI.	2.25	1
Adjuvant Arthritis [description not available]	2.41	1
Rheumatoid Arthritis [description not available]	7.41	1
Innate Inflammatory Response [description not available]	3.28	5
Arthritis, Rheumatoid A chronic systemic disease, primarily of the joints, marked by inflammatory changes in the synovial membranes and articular structures, widespread fibrinoid degeneration of the collagen fibers in mesenchymal tissues, and by atrophy and rarefaction of bony structures. Etiology is unknown, but autoimmune mechanisms have been implicated.	2.41	1
Inflammation A pathological process characterized by injury or destruction of tissues caused by a variety of cytologic and chemical reactions. It is usually manifested by typical signs of pain, heat, redness, swelling, and loss of function.	3.28	5
Lassitude [description not available]	3.33	1
Fatigue The state of weariness following a period of exertion, mental or physical, characterized by a decreased capacity for work and reduced efficiency to respond to stimuli.	3.33	1
Angiogenesis, Pathologic [description not available]	2.31	1
Caries, Dental [description not available]	3.46	2
Dental Caries Localized destruction of the tooth surface initiated by decalcification of the enamel followed by enzymatic lysis of organic structures and leading to cavity formation. If left unchecked, the cavity may penetrate the enamel and dentin and reach the pulp.	8.46	2
Acute Confusional Senile Dementia [description not available]	2.17	1
Alzheimer Disease A degenerative disease of the BRAIN characterized by the insidious onset of DEMENTIA. Impairment of MEMORY, judgment, attention span, and problem solving skills are followed by severe APRAXIAS and a global loss of cognitive abilities. The condition primarily occurs after age 60, and is marked pathologically by severe cortical atrophy and the triad of SENILE PLAQUES; NEUROFIBRILLARY TANGLES; and NEUROPIL THREADS. (From Adams et al., Principles of Neurology, 6th ed, pp1049-57)	2.17	1
Neuroblastoma A common neoplasm of early childhood arising from neural crest cells in the sympathetic nervous system, and characterized by diverse clinical behavior, ranging from spontaneous remission to rapid metastatic progression and death. This tumor is the most common intraabdominal malignancy of childhood, but it may also arise from thorax, neck, or rarely occur in the central nervous system. Histologic features include uniform round cells with hyperchromatic nuclei arranged in nests and separated by fibrovascular septa. Neuroblastomas may be associated with the opsoclonus-myoclonus syndrome. (From DeVita et al., Cancer: Principles and Practice of Oncology, 5th ed, pp2099-2101; Curr Opin Oncol 1998 Jan;10(1):43-51)	2.17	1
Pericementitis [description not available]	2.17	1
Alveolar Bone Atrophy [description not available]	2.17	1
Periodontitis Inflammation and loss of connective tissues supporting or surrounding the teeth. This may involve any part of the PERIODONTIUM. Periodontitis is currently classified by disease progression (CHRONIC PERIODONTITIS; AGGRESSIVE PERIODONTITIS) instead of age of onset. (From 1999 International Workshop for a Classification of Periodontal Diseases and Conditions, American Academy of Periodontology)	2.17	1
Breast Cancer [description not available]	7.1	1
Cell Transformation, Neoplastic Cell changes manifested by escape from control mechanisms, increased growth potential, alterations in the cell surface, karyotypic abnormalities, morphological and biochemical deviations from the norm, and other attributes conferring the ability to invade, metastasize, and kill.	2.1	1
Breast Neoplasms Tumors or cancer of the human BREAST.	2.1	1
Colitis Inflammation of the COLON section of the large intestine (INTESTINE, LARGE), usually with symptoms such as DIARRHEA (often with blood and mucus), ABDOMINAL PAIN, and FEVER.	7.06	1
Adhesions, Tissue [description not available]	2.07	1
Parodontosis [description not available]	2.07	1
Periodontal Diseases Pathological processes involving the PERIODONTIUM including the gum (GINGIVA), the alveolar bone (ALVEOLAR PROCESS), the DENTAL CEMENTUM, and the PERIODONTAL LIGAMENT.	2.07	1
Cancer of Liver [description not available]	2.07	1
Liver Neoplasms Tumors or cancer of the LIVER.	2.07	1
Carcinoma, Epidermoid [description not available]	2.08	1
Cancer of Mouth [description not available]	2.08	1
Experimental Neoplasms [description not available]	2.45	2
Carcinoma, Squamous Cell A carcinoma derived from stratified SQUAMOUS EPITHELIAL CELLS. It may also occur in sites where glandular or columnar epithelium is normally present. (From Stedman, 25th ed)	2.08	1
Mouth Neoplasms Tumors or cancer of the MOUTH.	2.08	1
Acute Liver Injury, Drug-Induced [description not available]	2.42	2
Chemical and Drug Induced Liver Injury A spectrum of clinical liver diseases ranging from mild biochemical abnormalities to ACUTE LIVER FAILURE, caused by drugs, drug metabolites, herbal and dietary supplements and chemicals from the environment.	2.42	2
Cancer of Lung [description not available]	2.02	1
Lung Neoplasms Tumors or cancer of the LUNG.	2.02	1
Anasarca [description not available]	2.03	1
Cancer of Skin [description not available]	2.03	1
Acute Disease Disease having a short and relatively severe course.	2.03	1
Edema Abnormal fluid accumulation in TISSUES or body cavities. Most cases of edema are present under the SKIN in SUBCUTANEOUS TISSUE.	2.03	1
Skin Neoplasms Tumors or cancer of the SKIN.	2.03	1
Mouth Diseases Diseases involving the MOUTH.	2	1
Muscle Relaxation That phase of a muscle twitch during which a muscle returns to a resting position.	2	1

xanthorrhizol

Description

Cross-References

Synonyms (31)

Research Excerpts

Overview

Effects

Treatment

Toxicity

Compound-Compound Interactions

Drug Classes (1)

Protein Targets (1)

Inhibition Measurements

Other Measurements

Biological Processes (6)

Molecular Functions (5)

Ceullar Components (4)

Bioassays (75)

Research

Studies (49)

Market Indicators

Research Demand Index: 33.48

Study Types

xanthorrhizol

Description

Cross-References

Synonyms (31)

Research Excerpts

Overview

Effects

Treatment

Toxicity

Compound-Compound Interactions

Drug Classes (1)

Protein Targets (1)

Inhibition Measurements

Other Measurements

Biological Processes (6)

Molecular Functions (5)

Ceullar Components (4)

Bioassays (75)

Research

Studies (49)

Market Indicators

Research Demand Index: 33.48

Study Types

Related Drugs (62)

Related Conditions (44)