A chronic granulomatous infection caused by MYCOBACTERIUM LEPRAE. The granulomatous lesions are manifested in the skin, the mucous membranes, and the peripheral nerves. Two polar or principal types are lepromatous and tuberculoid.
| Excerpt | Reference |
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| "leprae in human leprosy are still uncertain, it is widely held that direct person-to-person skin contact is important." | ( McDougall, AC; Rees, RJ, 1977) |
| "Leprosy is a complex disease, but recent research and the Ridley-Jopling classification which emphasize its immunologic aspects have greatly aided our understanding of and approach to the problem." | ( Jacobson, RR; Trautman, JR, 1976) |
| "In Africa leprosy is considered endemic." | ( Stingl, P, 1992) |
| "The problem of leprosy is to be properly assessed throughout the Indian subcontinent because most of the epidemiological data from the areas labeled low-endemic have to be updated." | ( Misra, RS; Ramesh, V; Saxena, U, 1992) |
| "Leprosy is an especially appropriate disorder for studying the inter-relationship of culture, mental health and medical illness because of deeply rooted cultural meanings, the emotional burden, and underuse of effective therapy." | ( Bhatawdekar, M; Bhave, A; Doongaji, DR; Fernandes, R; Pathare, S; Sheth, A; Siddhartha, S; Weiss, MG; Wypij, D, 1992) |
| "Leprosy is one of the leading causes of corneal hyposensitivity." | ( Cakiner, T; Karaçorlu, MA; Saylan, T, 1991) |
| "Leprosy is essentially found in rural areas and frequently causes disabilities." | ( Baya-Tsika, N; Coddy-Zitsamele, R; Cottenot, F; Eozenou, P; Gelas, H; Hengy, C; Jannin, J; Louis, JP; Obvala, D; Trebucq, A, 1990) |
| "Leprosy is endemic in regions where other corneal infections which compromise the epithelial barrier property are prevalent and where leprosy bacilli are found in the environment." | ( Beuerman, RW; Malaty, R; Pedroza, L, 1990) |
| "Cases of leprosy are increasing in the United States because of immigration from countries where the disease is endemic." | ( Hale, WA, 1988) |
| "Leprosy is the third leading cause of preventable blindness; however, little is known about the spread of infection to the eye." | ( Baskin, GB; Binford, CH; Gormus, BJ; Malaty, R; Martin, LN; Meyers, WM; Walsh, GP; Wolf, RH; Zimmerman, LE, 1988) |
| "Leprosy is a major health hazard in tropical countries as it also is in China." | ( Antia, NH, 1987) |
| "Leprosy is a widely distributed infectious disease in countries with tropic or subtropic climate and the most frequent treatable polyneuropathy." | ( King, R; Thomas, PK; Warzok, R, 1986) |
| "Two cases of leprosy are reported, one of which was admitted as a case of acute tonsillitis and was referred only later to the ENT surgeons with hoarseness after a diagnosis had been made by biopsy of the lymph node; the other was referred with a possible facial paralysis." | ( Younus, M, 1986) |
| "Leprosy is a disease that is widely distributed in underdeveloped tropical regions, with cases also occurring in the United States." | ( Datz, FL, 1987) |
| "Leprosy is a chronic infectious disease caused by Mycobacterium leprae; it is chiefly involving the skin and peripheral nerves." | ( Bolla, K; Castells, A; Ramirez, A; Sundal, E; Terencio, J, 1985) |
| "Although leprosy is considered rare in Australia outside the Northern Aboriginal population, its presence within Indian and Southeast Asian migrant groups must be considered." | ( House, PH, 1986) |
| "Five patients with leprosy are presented." | ( Cox, GF; Lumpkin, LR; Wolf, JE, 1983) |
| "Leprosy is not associated with impaired hepatocellular function unless a severe complication or coincident disease is concurrently present." | ( Cook, GC; Corachan, M, 1982) |
| "Leprosy is a rare disease in Bulgaria." | ( Dimitrova, I; Mikhailov, P, 1981) |
| "Age of onset of leprosy is merely a subjective information based upon the memory, intelligent appreciation and awareness of the patient and his relatives, in absence of a more reliable method." | ( Guha, PK; Kaur, P; Pandey, SS; Singh, G, 1981) |
| "Juzam (leprosy) is attributed to excessive accumulation, infiltration and dispersal of sauda (burnt humours) throughout the body disturbing the normal temperament of the organs." | ( Bano, H; Vohora, SB; Zafarullah, M, 1980) |
| "Histoid leprosy is a rare form of multibacillary leprosy as the result of secondary or even primary resistance to dapsone." | ( Aroni, K; Kontochristopoulos, GJ; Panteleos, DN; Tosca, AD, 1995) |
| "leprosy is a chronic disease characterized by peripheral neuropathies which can result in increasing secondary impairments and disabilities." | ( Lehman, LF; Lever, P; Smith, WC; Watson, JM; Zhang, G; Zheng, T, 1995) |
| "While leprosy is usually a chronic disease, leprosy reactions may lead to acute problems." | ( Bieber, T; Biedermann, T; Burgdorf, W; Degitz, K; Plewig, G; Schirren, CG, 1997) |
| "Leprosy is considered by many as not merely a medical condition, but as a condition encompassing psychological, socioeconomic and spiritual dimensions that dehabilitate an individual progressively, unless properly cared for." | ( Joseph, GA; Rao, PS, 1999) |
| "The diagnosis of leprosy is frequently not considered, with resultant pathological and psychological problems for patients." | ( Lockwood, DN; Marlowe, SN, 2001) |
| "Leprosy is a slowly progressive, chronic infectious disease caused by the bacillus Mycobacterium leprae." | ( Ramos-e-Silva, M; Rebello, PF, 2001) |
| "Research into leprosy is seeking better drugs, better diagnostic tools, and ways to increase patient treatment compliance." | ( , 1998) |
| "Leprosy is a chronic infection of the skin and nerves caused by Mycobacterium leprae." | ( Kook, KA; Resztak, KE; Scheffler, MA; Stirling, DI; Teo, S; Thomas, SD; Zeldis, JB, 2002) |
| "Leprosy is a highly stigmatized disease that apart from the physical ailments and the deformities causes psycho-socio-economic problems to the people affected." | ( Kaur, H; Van Brakel, W, 2002) |
| "Leprosy is one of the most socially stigmatized diseases known today." | ( Kaur, H; Van Brakel, W, 2002) |
| "Leprosy is a rare but serious mycobacterial infection." | ( Boggild, AK; Correia, JD; Kain, KC; Keystone, JS, 2004) |
| "Leprosy is a chronic infectious disease that is associated with serious morbidity if left untreated." | ( Boggild, AK; Correia, JD; Kain, KC; Keystone, JS, 2004) |
| "Leprosy is important largely because of the deformities, disabilities and handicap it causes in a proportion of those affected by the disease." | ( Chaise, F, 2004) |
| "Leprosy is curable now-a-days if initiatives are taken for prevention of disability along with complete and regular chemotherapy." | ( Manglani, PR, 2004) |
| "Leprosy is a chronic infection that presents with varying dermal and neurological symptoms, and which can lead to extensive disability and morbidity, often with accompanying social stigma." | ( Beeching, NJ; Bell, DR; Gill, AL; Gill, GV; Wyatt, GB, 2005) |
| "The stigma of leprosy is a real phenomenon in many people's lives that affects their physical, psychological, social and economical well-being." | ( Rafferty, J, 2005) |
| "Leprosy is a chronic infectious disease and is still a public health problem in Malaysia." | ( Jayalakshmi, P, 1994) |
| "Leprosy is not eliminated." | ( Naafs, B, 2006) |
| "Leprosy is well controlled in Hong Kong but continued surveillance is required to detect relapses and to ensure good patient compliance with treatment." | ( Ho, CK; Lo, KK, 2006) |
| "Murine leprosy is a chronic disease of the mouse, the most popular animal model used in biomedical investigation, which is caused by Mycobacterium lepraemurium (MLM) whose characteristic lesion is the macrophage-made granuloma." | ( Martínez Cordero, E; Rodríguez, KW; Rojas-Espinosa, O; Silva Miranda, M, 2006) |
| "Leprosy is an ancient disease, which was treated by local application of chaulmoogra/hydnocarpus oil during prechemotherapeutic era." | ( Arif, MA; Manglani, PR, 2006) |
| "Murine leprosy is a natural disease of the mouse, the most popular model animal used in biomedical research; the disease is caused by Mycobacterium lepraemurium (MLM), a successful parasite of macrophages." | ( Arce-Paredes, P; Rojas-Espinosa, O; Silva-Miranda, M; Wek-Rodriguez, K, 2007) |
| "Leprosy is characterized by a disease spectrum having two polar clinical forms dependent on the presence or not of cell-mediated immunity." | ( Ferreira, H; Fulco, TO; Moura, DF; Nery, JA; Ribeiro-Carvalho, MM; Sampaio, EP; Santos, IM; Sarno, EN; Teles, RB; Teles, RM, 2007) |
| "Leprosy is the major cause of non-traumatic neuropathy." | ( Cardoso, CC; de Oliveira, RB; Dias-Neto, E; Guimarães, PE; Illarramendi, X; Martinez, AN; Mendes, CT; Moraes, MO; Pacheco, AG; Sampaio, EP; Sarno, EN; Teles, RM, 2007) |
| "Leprosy is a granulomatous disease affecting the skin and peripheral nerves caused by Mycobacterium leprae." | ( Concha R, M; Cossio T, ML; Fich S, F; González B, S; Pérez C, C; Salazar S, I, 2008) |
| "Leprosy is the most frequent treatable neuromuscular disease." | ( Barkataki, P; Das, L; Lockwood, DN; Nicholls, PG; van Brakel, WH; Wilder-Smith, EP, 2008) |
| "Leprosy is a chronic granulomatous infection caused by Mycobacterium leprae involving cutaneous tissue and peripheral nerves producing skin lesions, nerve degeneration, anaesthesia and deformities." | ( Kodliwadmath, GB; Kodliwadmath, MV; Prasad, CV, 2008) |
| "Leprosy is a rare cause of neuropathy in Europeans." | ( Andre, P; Camu, W; Flageul, B; Gabelle, A; Vallat, JM, 2008) |
| "Leprosy is a chronic infectious disease caused by Mycobacterium leprae that affects almost 250,000 people worldwide." | ( Gray, KM; Misra, VN; Mohanty, RK; Robbins, G; Schug, MD; Shinde, VS; Tripathy, VM, 2009) |
| "Although leprosy is still endemic but all the leprosy indicators have shown positive change since last survey in 2001-03." | ( Chakma, JK; Girdhar, A; Girdhar, BK; Kumar, A; Yadav, VS, 2008) |
| "Leprosy is a chronic inflammatory disease caused by Mycobacterium leprae, which affects not only the peripheral nerves and skin, but also various internal viscera through hematogenous spread, especially in lepromatous cases." | ( Budhiraja, V; Khare, A; Khare, S; Krishna, A; Rastogi, R, 2010) |
| "Lepromatous leprosy is a model of immune evasion wherein pathogen-specific IL-10-secreting T cells and concomitant failure of Th-1 immunity permit uncontrolled proliferation of the intracellular pathogen, Mycobacterium leprae (M." | ( Burdick, AE; Callegaro-Filho, D; Haslett, PA; Shrestha, N, 2010) |
| "Leprosy is suspected to develop after a long period of latency following infection with Mycobacterium leprae (M." | ( Fujisawa, M; Idani, G; Ishii, N; Miyamura, T; Suzuki, K; Tanigawa, K; Udono, T, 2011) |
| "Leprosy is complicated by immunological reactions which can occur before, during and after successful completion of multidrug therapy." | ( Atkinson, SE; Dhakal, S; Hagge, DA; Hamal, S; Hawksworth, RA; Khadge, S; Lockwood, DN; Macdonald, M; Mahat, K; Neupane, KD; Ranjit, C; Roberts, CH; Ruchal, S; Sapkota, BR; Walker, SL, 2012) |
| "Leprosy is a chronic infectious disease caused by Mycobacterium leprae affecting the skin and the nerves." | ( Gadkari, R; Ghia, D; Nayak, C, 2012) |
| "Diagnosis of leprosy is clinical with anesthetic skin lesion and skin smears detect acid fast bacilli." | ( Bourée, P; de Carsalade, GY, 2012) |
| "Although leprosy is curable with drug treatment, the identification of biomarkers of infection, disease progression and treatment efficacy would greatly help to reduce the overall prevalence of the disease." | ( Balagon, MF; Brennan, PJ; Chatterjee, D; Dockrell, HM; Duthie, MS; Geluk, A; Jackson, M; Kim, HJ; Kurihara, JN; Li, W; Maghanoy, A; Mallari, I; Saunderson, P; Spencer, JS; Wheat, WH, 2012) |
| "Histoid leprosy is a rare but well-defined entity with specific clinical, histopathologic, and bacteriologic features." | ( Attia, AM; Bakry, OA, 2012) |
| "40 000 new cases of leprosy are diagnosed every year in Brazil." | ( da Costa, LMM; de Sousa, SHC; Dias, MF; Doriqui, MJR; Leite, JCL; Maximino, CM; Morelo, EF; Sanseverino, MTV; Schüler-Faccini, L; Vianna, FSL, 2013) |
| "Leprosy is among the world's oldest and most dreaded diseases and it has been synonymous with stigma and discrimination due to the hideous deformities it produced, mystery around its aetiology and transmission and lack of any effective remedy till recently." | ( Dogra, S; Kumar, B; Narang, T, 2013) |
| "Leprosy is a stigmatized disease in our society." | ( Yadav, SP, 2011) |
| "Leprosy is a chronic infectious disease caused by Mycobacterium Leprae, where the host genetic background plays an important role toward the disease pathogenesis." | ( Aggarwal, S; Ali, S; Bamezai, RN; Bhattacharya, SN; Chopra, R; Garg, VK; Jena, M; Kalaiarasan, P; Kumar, B; Manvati, S; Srivastava, AK, 2013) |
| "Leprosy is a chronic granulomatous disease caused by the bacillus Mycobacterium leprae." | ( Eichelmann, K; González González, SE; Ocampo-Candiani, J; Salas-Alanis, JC, 2013) |
| "Leprosy is a chronic human disease that results from infection of Mycobacterium leprae." | ( Ali, R; Khanna, N; Kumar, S; Naqvi, RA; Rani, R; Rao, DN, 2013) |
| "Both LF and leprosy are endemic in India and their comorbid conditions contribute to functional limitation." | ( Rao, PV; Rawson, TM, 2014) |
| "Leprosy is not only a bacteriological disease but also an immunological disease, in which T helper17 and CD4(+) CD25(high)FoxP3(+) regulatory T cells (T-regs), among others, may play a role." | ( Abdallah, M; Attia, EA; El-Khateeb, E; El-Shennawy, D; Lotfi, RA; Saad, AA, 2014) |
| "Reactions in leprosy are inflammatory processes wherein a rise in set of serological markers can be detected a month before the clinical onset of reaction, some of which remain elevated during their action and steroid treatment induces a variable fall in the levels, and this forms the basis for a variable individual response to steroid therapy." | ( Atkinson, S; Barkataki, P; Chaduvula, M; Das, L; Jadhav, RS; Jain, S; Lockwood, DNj; Panhalkar, R; Raju, R; Reddy, PP; Shinde, V; Suneetha, LM; Suneetha, S; Van Brakel, WH; Visser, LH, 2014) |
| "Leprosy is an infectious disease caused by M." | ( Kamal, VK; Khanna, N; Naqvi, RA; Rao, DN; Santosh, KV; Tarique, M, 2015) |
| "Leprosy is a chronic infectious disease caused by Mycobacterium leprae, which primarily infects macrophages and Schwann cells, affecting skin and peripheral nerves." | ( Catharino, RR; de Macedo, CS; de Oliveira, DN; Esteves, CZ; Lima, Ede O; Nery, JA; Pessolani, MC; Sarno, EN, 2015) |
| "The diagnosis of leprosy is based on clinical symptoms of the disease, which may not be sufficient to ensure early diagnosis." | ( Carvalho, AP; Corrêa Oliveira, R; da Conceição Oliveira Coelho Fabri, A; Lana, FC, 2015) |
| "Leprosy is an infectious disease that has now been reported for more than 2000 years." | ( Aubry, A; Cambau, E; Reibel, F, 2015) |
| "Leprosy is still a major health problem in India which has the highest number of cases." | ( Jadhav, R; Lavania, M; Nigam, A; Sengupta, U; Singh, I; Turankar, RP, 2015) |
| "Leprosy is caused by infection with Mycobacterium leprae and is characterized by peripheral nerve damage and skin lesions." | ( Beauclair, R; Brook, CE; Galvani, AP; Lietman, TM; Ndeffo-Mbah, M; Ngwenya, O; Porco, TC; Satpathy, SK; Worden, L, 2015) |
| "Leprosy is a chronic infectious disease, causing various physical disabilities and deformities." | ( Padhi, T; Pradhan, S, 2015) |
| "Leprosy is a highly infectious disease endemic to underdeveloped countries." | ( Aquino, DM; Costa, GC; Figueireido, IA; Mendes, MB; Nascimento, FR; Paiva, MF; Pereira, SR; Pinho, JD; Rivas, PM; Santos, AM; Soares, RE, 2015) |
| "Leprosy is frequently complicated by the appearance of reactions that are difficult to treat and are the main cause of sequelae." | ( Avancini, J; Benard, G; Duarte, AJ; Pagliari, C; Sakai-Valente, NY; Trindade, MÂ; Vieira, AP, 2016) |
| "Transmission of leprosy is still continuing in the area, and high disability and deformity rates are seen in children." | ( Gitte, SV; Kamble, KM; Sabat, RN, 2016) |
| "Leprosy is mainly transmitted among family members who share genetic and ambient factors." | ( Foss, NT; Frade, MA; Furini, RB; Simão, JC; Wambier, CG; Wambier, SP, 2016) |
| "Leprosy is a chronic infectious disease that requires better understanding since it continues to be a significant health problem in many parts of the world." | ( Latini, AC; Nogueira, ME; Nogueira, MR, 2016) |
| "Worldwide, leprosy is one of the major causes of preventable disability." | ( Govindarajulu, S; Isaakidis, P; Kamble, S; Muthuvel, T; Rokade, V; Shewade, HD; Singh, R, 2017) |
| "Leprosy is a chronic infectious disease caused by Mycobacterium leprae." | ( Arunagiri, K; Balaraman, S; Sangeetha, G; Showkath Ali, MK; Sugashini, PK, 2017) |
| "Leprosy is an infrequent complication of solid organ transplant recipients." | ( Benard, G; de Paula, FJ; Duarte, AJDS; Lemos, FBC; Sakai-Valente, NY; Trindade, MAB; Vieira, AP, 2017) |
| "Leprosy is present in more than 100 countries, where it remains a major cause of peripheral neuropathy and disability." | ( Aerts, A; Kawuma, J; Kita, E; Saunderson, P; Smith, CS; Virmond, M, 2017) |
| "Leprosy is a disease caused by Mycobacterium leprae where the clinical spectrum correlates with the patient immune response." | ( Aseffa, A; Bobosha, K; Dockrell, HM; Howe, R; Lockwood, DN; Negera, E; Walker, SL, 2017) |
| "Leprosy is a major public health problem in many low and middle income countries, especially in India, and contributes considerably to the global burden of the disease." | ( Arif, M; Raikwar, A; Richardus, JH; Suryawanshi, P; Tiwari, A, 2018) |
| "Leprosy is a chronic disease with many clinical manifestations, which affect mainly the skin, the peripheral nerves, mucosa of the upper respiratory tract and the eyes." | ( Stock, I, 2016) |
| "Leprosy is a chronic infectious disease caused by Mycobacterium leprae and mainly affects skin, peripheral nerves." | ( Ahuja, M; Lavania, M; Pathak, VK; Sengupta, U; Singh, I; Singh, V; Turankar, RP, 2018) |
| "Leprosy is difficult to diagnose because clinical forms vary and there are no gold standard methods to guide clinicians." | ( do Nascimento, MOO; Ferreira, CO; Leturiondo, AL; Moraes, MO; Noronha, AB; Rodrigues, FDC; Talhari, C, 2019) |
| "Leprosy is a chronic disease caused by Mycobacterium leprae." | ( Adil, M; Amin, SS; Arif, T; Dorjay, K; Raj, D, 2019) |
| "Leprosy is also a rare disease, but current prevalence is over 17 times the elimination threshold proclaimed by WHO." | ( Boelaert, M; Cloots, K; de Koning, P; Hasker, E; Kansal, S; Malaviya, P; Scholar, VK; Singh, OP; Sundar, S, 2019) |
| "Leprosy is an ancient infectious disease with a global annual incidence that has plateaued above 200,000 new cases since over a decade." | ( Amidy, M; Baco, A; Braet, S; Cauchoix, B; de Jong, BC; Grillone, S; Hasker, E; Mzembaba, A; Ortuno-Gutierrez, N; Ramboarina, S; Randrianantoandro, A; Richardus, JH; Salim, Z; Younoussa, A, 2019) |
| "Leprosy is a bacterial infection causing severe disfigurement of the affected individual." | ( Anand, R; Awan, KH; Baeshen, H; Jafer, M; Patil, S; Sarode, G; Sarode, S, 2020) |
| "Although leprosy is portrayed as a disappearing disease, leprosy affected persons in India are still suffering massively." | ( Han, HW; Jimba, M; Jung, SH; Koh, H; Morita, A; Nawa, N; Oh, J; Ong, KIC; Yu, SY, 2020) |
| "Leprosy is a chronic infectious disease caused by Mycobacterium leprae infection in susceptible individuals." | ( Deng, YT; Liang, JW; Shao, D; Shao, FQ; Wang, SX, 2020) |
| "Leprosy is a chronic infectious disease caused my Mycobacterium leprae that primarily affects peripheral nervous system and extremities and is prevalent in tropical countries." | ( George, J, 2020) |
| "Histoid leprosy is a rare variant of leprosy with a unique clinical presentation and bacilli rich histology." | ( Bartos, G; Combs, A; Rivlin, D; Sheuring, R, 2020) |
| "Leprosy is a rare, chronic granulomatous disease, and India accounts for two-thirds of the new cases reported worldwide." | ( Aryal, A; Chakrawarty, A; Dey, AB; Painkra, B; Rao, AR; Thakral, M, 2020) |
| "Leprosy is a socially stigmatized granulomatous skin disease caused by Mycobacterium leprae." | ( Huang, HW; Lee, CH; Lin, SH, 2021) |
| "Leprosy is a stigmatizing, chronic infection which degenerates the nervous system and often leads to incapacitation." | ( Irwan, ID; Irwanto, A; Krismawati, H; Liu, H; Liu, J; Maladan, Y; Oktavian, A; Pongtiku, A; Sitanggang, YA; Sun, Y; Tanjung, R; Wahyuni, T; Zhang, F, 2020) |
| "Reactions in leprosy are acute inflammatory episodes that can be classified as type I or type II." | ( Agrawal, D; Ahuja, A; Rani, S; Sardana, K; Singh, S, 2021) |
| "Leprosy is a chronic granulomatous infection caused by Mycobacterium leprae and shows a wide clinical and immunopathological spectrum related to the immune response of the host." | ( do Nascimento, JLM; Jesus, JB; Macchi, BM; Sena, CBC, 2022) |
| "Leprosy is regarded as a contagious disease spread by contact and is not hereditary." | ( Chen, K; Mammis, A; Talbot, C, 2023) |
| "Leprosy is a chronic infectious disease with many risk factors including inadequate nutrient intake and nutritional deficiencies, which affect the immune system, and influence leprosy progression." | ( Attia, NS; Bazid, HASE; Khalid, HN; Mostafa, MI, 2022) |
| "Leprosy is a chronic infectious disease caused by Mycobacterium leprae infection in Schwann cells." | ( Atella, GC; da Silva, DS; Dos Anjos Lima, K; Girardi, KDCV; Lara, FA; Mietto, BS; Pereira, AMR; Rosa, PS, 2023) |
| "Leprosy is an ancient infectious disease with an annual global incidence of around 200,000 over the past decade." | ( Amidy, M; Attoumani, N; Baco, A; Bergeman, AT; Braet, SM; Corstjens, P; de Jong, BC; Geluk, A; Grillone, S; Grillone, SH; Hasker, E; Hoof, C; Mzembaba, A; Ortuno-Gutierrez, N; Piubello, A; Salim, Z; Samidine, SN; Snijders, R; Tsoumanis, A; Younoussa, A, 2023) |
| "Leprosy is caused by multiple interactions between Mycobacterium leprae (M." | ( De Lacerda, PGLN; De Souza, ACS; De Souza, SAL; Jardim, MR; Lara, FA; Penna, PS; Pinheiro, RO; Rodrigues Pitta, IJ; Sales, AM; Sarno, EN; Spitz, CN, 2023) |
| "Hansen's disease or leprosy is a chronic, infectious disease that has locally and globally afflicted all populations." | ( Abad-Casintahan, MF; Abad-Venida, ML; Cathryn Salonga, ME; Diaz, JCD; Espinoza-Thaebtharm, A, 2023) |
| "People affected by leprosy are at increased risk of impairments and deformities from peripheral nerve damage." | ( Choudhury, S; Darlong, J; Govindasamy, K; Griffiths, F; Ilozumba, O; Lilford, R; Sartori, J; Shrivastva, A; Watson, S, 2023) |
| "Drug resistance in leprosy is an emerging concern, leading to treatment failures, recurrences, and potential spread of resistant Mycobacterium leprae in the community." | ( Chhabra, S; Dogra, S; Jain, S; Kaur, M; Minz, RW; Nadeem, M; Narang, T; Pandey, P; Sahu, S; Sharma, A; Sharma, K; Sharma, R; Shilpa, S; Singh, I; Yadav, R, 2023) |
| "Leprosy is rare within non-endemic countries such as Canada, where cases are almost exclusively imported from endemic regions, often presenting after an incubation period of as many as 20 years." | ( Driedger, M; Roth, V; Teo, I, 2023) |
| Excerpt | Reference |
|---|
| "This must be very beneficial to the treatment of leprosy patients." | ( Fujuda, T; Hagiwara, S; Ishihara, S, 1977) |
| "The necessity for early diagnosis and treatment of leprosy in the absence of an effective vaccine is discussed and the pathological changes that occur in the nose are outlined." | ( Barton, RP, 1975) |
| "In many long-treated leprosy patients increased titers of anti-DMG antibodies were observed, which might be due to specific polyneuritis in them." | ( Bovin, NV; Dyachina, MN; Lukin, YV; Zubov, VP, 1992) |
| "Serum samples collected from 45 untreated leprosy patients and 10 healthy subjects were studied for the activities of alkaline phosphatase, N-acetyl beta-glucosaminidase and beta-glucuronidase." | ( Dhawan, V; Ganguly, NK; Kumar, B; Sethi, A; Vaishnavi, C, 1992) |
| "Lymphocytes of untreated leprosy patients showed a low mitotic index and a slow rate of cell proliferation." | ( D'Souza, D; Das, BC; Thomas, IM, 1991) |
| "It is concluded that treatment of PB leprosy can be relatively simple but that a relatively long time is needed to evaluate its effect." | ( Baquillon, G; Husser, JA; Jamet, P; Maiga, M; Pattyn, SR, 1990) |
| "A total of 69% of untreated tuberculoid leprosy patients showed 35-kDa antigen positivity, and 45% of these patients showed anti-35-kDa antibody positivity." | ( Girdhar, BK; Patil, SA; Sengupta, U; Singh, KP, 1990) |
| "Fifty percent of untreated tuberculoid leprosy patients and 93% of long-term leprosy contacts responded to the recombinant protein in lymphocyte transformation tests." | ( Dockrell, HM; Grant, KA; Hasan, R; Hussain, R; Jackson, M; Jouy, NF; Lee, SP; Lucas, SB; McAdam, KP; Stoker, NG, 1989) |
| "About 39% of the total untreated PB leprosy cases healed within a period of 2 years." | ( Kumar, A; Neelan, PN; Sirumban, P, 1988) |
| "We have treated three leprosy patients suffering from chronic, steroid-dependent erythema nodosum leprosum (ENL) with cyclosporine A (CsA)." | ( Harnisch, JP; Miller, RA; Rea, TH; Shen, JY, 1987) |
| "Fifteen untreated leprosy patients were given rifampicin and dapsone for seven days, and then rifampicin, dapsone and clofazimine for seven days." | ( Bharadwaj, VP; Girdhar, BK; Mathur, A; Venkatesan, K, 1986) |
| "The difficulty in treating leprosy may be partly ascribable to decreased phagocytic OH X generation, which in leprosy patients is apparently due to the uptake of Hansen bacillus-derived SOD." | ( Miyachi, Y; Niwa, Y; Ozaki, M; Sakane, T, 1984) |
| "Lymphocytes from patients with untreated lepromatous leprosy failed to respond to the M." | ( Belehu, A; Closs, O; Reitan, LJ, 1982) |
| "Most of the patients preferred to take treatment at leprosy referral hospitals." | ( Anbalagan, M; Kumar, A, 1982) |
| "Patients with untreated lepromatous leprosy had elevated anti-PGL1 levels while most patients under treatment (9/16) had normal anti-PGL1 levels." | ( Alberto, FL; Callera, F; Foss, NT, 1993) |
| "Thalidomide, mainly used for the treatment of leprosy, is a current teratogen in South America, and it is reasonable to assume that at present this situation is affecting many births in underdeveloped countries." | ( Ashton-Prolla, P; Barreda-Mejia, E; Brunoni, D; Castilla, EE; Cavalcanti, DP; Correa-Neto, J; Delgadillo, JL; Dutra, MG; Felix, T; Giraldo, A; Juarez, N; Lopez-Camelo, JS; Nazer, J; Orioli, IM; Paz, JE; Pessoto, MA; Pina-Neto, JM; Quadrelli, R; Rittler, M; Rueda, S; Saltos, M; Sánchez, O; Schüler, L, 1996) |
| "It is the drug of choice for the treatment of leprosy and prophylaxis of malaria." | ( Barbosa, JC; de Carvalho, D; de Souza, AM; Gouveia, E; Melchior Júnior, E; Queiroz, RH, 1997) |
| "In the late 19th century, the main treatment for leprosy was chaulmoogra, extracted from Hydnocarpus seeds." | ( Norton, SA, 1998) |
| "Eligible cases were untreated leprosy patients at the onset of type 1 and type 2 reactions recruited from among 600 concurrent, newly detected, untreated leprosy patients attending an outpatient clinic in central Brazil." | ( Costa, MB; de Andrade, AL; Martelli, CM; Martelli, P; Morais-Neto, OL; Stefani, MM, 1998) |
| "In untreated reactional leprosy patients, the levels of urinary NO metabolites (1645 +/- 454 microM, n = 9, ENL = 4, RR = 5) decreased significantly 2 weeks after high dose prednisolone treatment (1075 +/- 414 microM, P < 0." | ( Bizuneh, E; Britton, S; Gebre, N; Leekassa, R; Schön, T; Sundqvist, T, 2000) |
| "A total of 100 untreated new leprosy patients were recruited prospectively and examined for the presence of phenolic glycolipid I (PGL-I) antigen in their serum specimens by dot enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) using rabbit anti-PGL-I antiserum." | ( Abalos, RM; Balagon, MV; Brennan, PJ; Cellona, RV; Cho, SN; Fajardo, TT; Kim, JD; Tan, EV; Villahermosa, LG; Walsh, GP, 2001) |
| "Current treatment of leprosy involves use of 3 drugs: rifampicin (rifampin); clofazimine; and dapsone." | ( Ramos-e-Silva, M; Rebello, PF, 2001) |
| "Between 1985 and 2000, 5439 new untreated leprosy patients were registered at the Schieffelin Leprosy Research and Training Center, Karigiri." | ( Joseph, G; Norman, G; Richard, J, 2004) |
| "All diagnosed untreated leprosy patients received multi drug therapy (MDT) consisting of rifampicin, dapsone and clofazimine as recommended by World Health Organization." | ( Kavithalakshmi, SN; Madhusudhanan, N; Oommen, PK; Panneerselvam, C; Sekar, B; Suribabu, CS; Vijayaraghavan, R, 2005) |
| "After dapsone treatment appeared, leprosy control program has started." | ( Ishii, N; Mori, S, 2005) |
| "To review the history of the treatment of leprosy and leprosy reactions after World War II." | ( Naafs, B, 2006) |
| "Results showed that 60% of untreated MB leprosy patients examined histologically had acid-fast bacilli in the keratin layer." | ( Gillis, TP; Jayakumar, J; Job, CK; Kearney, M, 2008) |
| "Early detection and proper treatment of leprosy reaction are one of the main issues of prevention of disability." | ( Ishida, Y, 2009) |
| "Patients who were being treated for leprosy type 1 reactions with corticosteroids as part of a randomized controlled trial of corticosteroid treatment had skin biopsies performed before, during and at the end of treatment." | ( Atkinson, SE; Dhakal, S; Hagge, DA; Hamal, S; Hawksworth, RA; Khadge, S; Lockwood, DN; Macdonald, M; Mahat, K; Neupane, KD; Ranjit, C; Roberts, CH; Ruchal, S; Sapkota, BR; Walker, SL, 2012) |
| "After release from treatment, leprosy patients may insidiously develop progressive peripheral nerve symptoms not fulfilling criteria for relapse or leprosy reactions." | ( Cardoso, Fde M; De Freitas, MR; Escada, TM; Nascimento, OJ; Nevares, MT, 2013) |
| "Newly detected, treatment-naive leprosy patients were enrolled in India (six sites) and P." | ( Gupte, MD; Jadhav, V; Jamesh, A; Jianping, S; Kaliaperumal, K; Katoch, K; Krishnamurthy, P; Kutaiyan, R; Manickam, P; Mehendale, SM; Mugudalabetta, S; Nagaraju, B; Padma, J; Pannikar, V; Rajkumar, P, 2016) |
| "Azathioprine is not recommended for the treatment of leprosy reactions and does not improve steroid treatment." | ( Darlong, J; Govindharaj, P; John, AS; Kurian, R; Lockwood, DN; Sundarrao, P, 2017) |
| "Even with proper anti-mycobacteria treatment, leprosy follow up remains challenging: almost half of leprosy patients may develop reaction episodes." | ( Benard, G; de Paula, FJ; Duarte, AJDS; Lemos, FBC; Sakai-Valente, NY; Trindade, MAB; Vieira, AP, 2017) |
| "leprae in MDT-treated leprosy patients from endemic regions of India." | ( Ahuja, M; Darlong, J; Das, L; Kumar, A; Lavania, M; Maseey, A; Nathan, R; Pathak, V; Sengupta, U; Singh, I; Turankar, RP, 2018) |
| "The sample included treatment completed leprosy affected persons ≥18 y of age." | ( Ganesan, DK; Muthunarayanan, L, 2018) |
| "Without proper clinical diagnosis and treatment, leprosy can have a poor prognosis; however, diagnosing leprosy is challenging." | ( Deng, YT; Liang, JW; Shao, D; Shao, FQ; Wang, SX, 2020) |
| "The data of all patients treated in the leprosy treatment centres (LTCs) of the Republic of Benin were obtained from the LTC registers and analysed using Stata/SE 11." | ( Anagonou, GE; Barogui, YT; Djossou, P; Gnimavo, RS; Houezo, JG; Johnson, RC; Sopoh, GE; Wadagni, AAC, 2020) |
| "The recommended treatment for leprosy consists of rifampicin, dapsone, clofazimine, ofloxacin and minocycline and vaccines are also available." | ( Khan, NA; Mungroo, MR; Siddiqui, R, 2020) |
| "Losheng detected and treated leprosy patients successfully through the support of special skin clinics in public hospitals and missionary hospitals after Multi-drug Therapy was introduced in Taiwan in 1984." | ( Wang, JQ; Wang, P; Wang, SS; Zhou, DH, 2021) |
| "In the absence of early treatment, leprosy, a neglected tropical disease, due to Mycobacterium leprae or Hansen Bacillus, causes irreversible grade 2 disability (G2D) numerous factors related to the individual, the community and the health care system are believed to be responsible for its late detection and management." | ( Anagonou, EG; Ayélo, GA; Barogui, YT; Djossou, P; Gnimavo, RS; Houezo, JG; Johnson, RC; Sopoh, GE; Wadagni, ACA, 2022) |
| "The WHO MDT is effective for treating leprosy and multibacillary leprosy, but it may not be effective enough." | ( Bao, F; Chen, J; Dong, Y; Fan, Y; Gao, L; Ji, Z; Kong, J; Li, B; Liu, A; Liu, M; Luo, S; Ma, W; Peng, L; Song, J; Wu, X; Yang, J, 2023) |