kojic acid profile

Kojic acid is a fungal metabolite produced by species of Aspergillus and Penicillium. It is a chelating agent that can bind to metal ions, such as iron and copper. Kojic acid has been studied for its potential applications in various fields, including:

- **Skin lightening:** Kojic acid inhibits the production of melanin, the pigment responsible for skin color, making it a popular ingredient in skin care products.

- **Antioxidant activity:** Kojic acid possesses antioxidant properties, which can protect cells from damage caused by free radicals.

- **Antimicrobial activity:** Kojic acid exhibits antimicrobial activity against a range of bacteria and fungi.

- **Food preservation:** Kojic acid can act as a preservative in food products by inhibiting the growth of microorganisms.

- **Industrial applications:** Kojic acid is used in the production of polymers, pharmaceuticals, and other industrial chemicals.

The synthesis of kojic acid typically involves the fermentation of glucose by Aspergillus species.

The effects of kojic acid are diverse, depending on the concentration and application. While it has been shown to be effective for skin lightening, some studies suggest potential concerns regarding its safety, including skin irritation and allergic reactions.

The importance of kojic acid lies in its multifaceted properties and potential applications in various industries. Further research is ongoing to explore its full potential and address any potential safety concerns.'

ID Source	ID
PubMed CID	3840
CHEMBL ID	287556
CHEBI ID	43572
SCHEMBL ID	36895
MeSH ID	M0058523

Synonym
BIDD:ER0501
5-18-02-00516 (beilstein handbook reference)
hsdb 7664
unii-6k23f1tt52
6k23f1tt52 ,
5-hydroxy-2-hydroxymethyl-pyran-4-one
bdbm50031467
4h-pyran-4-one, 5-hydroxy-2-(hydroxymethyl)-
5-hydroxy-2-(hydroxymethyl)-4-pyrone
kojic acid ,
501-30-4
wln: t6o dvj b1q eq
nsc1942 ,
pyran-4-one, 5-hydroxy-2-(hydroxymethyl)
nsc-1942
5-hydroxy-2-hydroxymethyl-4-pyrone
KBIO1_000923
DIVK1C_000923
SPECTRUM_000191
ccris 4131
2-(hydroxymethyl)-5-hydroxy-4h-pyran-4-one
brn 0120895
ai3-02549
einecs 207-922-4
nsc 1942
NCGC00017325-01
tnp00261
NCGC00181145-01
5-hydroxy-2-(hydroxymethyl)pyran-4-one
2-hydroxymethyl-5-hydroxy-gamma-pyrone
MEGXM0_000388
SPECTRUM5_001085
OPREA1_038773
BSPBIO_003288
SMP1_000171
ACON1_000622
5-hydroxy-2-(hydroxymethyl)-4h-pyran-4-one
acido kojico
kojisaeure
CHEBI:43572 ,
DB01759
NCGC00142361-01
KBIO2_000671
KBIO2_003239
KBIOSS_000671
KBIO3_002508
KBIO2_005807
KBIOGR_001002
SPECTRUM3_001704
SPECTRUM4_000571
NINDS_000923
SPBIO_001875
SPECTRUM2_001828
IDI1_000923
NCGC00168903-02
NCGC00168903-01
K-7000
AC-11658
C65A72E0-0E46-4AF4-AA68-178ECA2E5FCC
inchi=1/c6h6o4/c7-2-4-1-5(8)6(9)3-10-4/h1,3,7,9h,2h2
bejnerdrqowkjm-uhfffaoysa-
CHEMBL287556 ,
ksc-11-228-2
KUC106760N
HMS502O05
K0010
STK801688
NCGC00017325-03
AKOS000120649
tox21_113449
K0012
BBL010645
dtxcid0020236
dtxsid2040236 ,
tox21_110814
cas-501-30-4
CCG-38458
NCGC00017325-06
NCGC00017325-02
NCGC00017325-04
NCGC00017325-05
FT-0627581
kojic acid [hsdb]
kojic acid [mi]
kojic acid [mart.]
kojic acid [inci]
kojic acid [who-dd]
kojic acid [iarc]
2-hydroxymethyl-5-hydroxy-.gamma.-pyrone
S5174
SCHEMBL36895
tox21_110814_1
5-hydroxy-2-hydroxymethyl-4h-pyran-4-one
5-hydroxy-2-hydroxymethyl-4h-4-pyranone
2-hydroxymethyl-5-hydroxy-4h-pyran-4-one
HMS3604L04
mfcd00006580
F0001-1307
2-hydroxymethyl-5-hydroxy-?-pyrone
kojic acid, analytical standard
2-hydroxymethyl-5-hydroxy-4-pyrone
sr-01000945134
SR-01000945134-1
kojic acid, purum, >=98.0% (hplc)
C91105
SY018009
123712-78-7
Q416285
HY-W050154
NATURAL KOJIC ACID POWDER
5-hydroxy-2-hydroxymethyl-i(3)-pyron
AS-11648
CS-0032701
EN300-20919
NCGC00017325-10
kojic acid (iarc)
kojic acid (mart.)
Z104484860

Excerpt	Reference	Relevance
"Kojic acid (KA) is a representative secondary metabolite of Aspergillus oryzae, but the underlying molecular mechanisms that regulate KA production are unknown. "	( New role of a histone chaperone, HirA: Involvement in kojic acid production associated with culture conditions in Aspergillusoryzae. Arakawa, GY; Hosaka, M; Kudo, H; Ogawa, M; Shindo, H; Shirai, S; Tokuoka, M, 2022)	2.41
"Kojic acid is an industrially important secondary metabolite produced by Aspergillus oryzae. "	( Construction of single, double, or triple mutants within kojic acid synthesis genes kojA, kojR, and kojT by the CRISPR/Cas9 tool in Aspergillus oryzae. Chen, T; Chen, Z; Fan, J; Li, Y; Zeng, B; Zhang, H; Zhang, Z, 2022)	2.41
"Kojic acid (KA) is a hydroxypyranone natural metabolite mainly known as tyrosinase inhibitor. "	( Application of kojic acid scaffold in the design of non-tyrosinase enzyme inhibitors. Ahadi, H; Ahmadi, R; Ashooriha, M; Emami, S, 2022)	2.52
"As kojic acid is a mild antimicrobial compound that is widely used in cosmetics, and the metal cations possess antibacterial properties, their combinations were tested for potential antibacterial applications."	( Exploring the Co-Crystallization of Kojic Acid with Silver(I), Copper(II), Zinc(II), and Gallium(III) for Potential Antibacterial Applications. Braga, D; Casali, L; Grepioni, F; Sun, R; Turner, RJ, 2023)	1.7
"Kojic acid (KA) is a widely used compound in the cosmetic, medical, and food industries, and is typically produced by Aspergillus oryzae. "	( Effective production of kojic acid in engineered Aspergillus niger. Cao, W; Gao, W; Li, X; Liu, H; Liu, J; Lv, R; Wu, L; Xie, Z; Zhang, L, 2023)	2.66
"Kojic acid is a fungal secondary metabolite commonly known as a tyrosinase inhibitor, that acts as a skin-whitening agent. "	( Challenges and advancements in bioprocess intensification of fungal secondary metabolite: kojic acid. Sarma, SJ; Sharma, S; Singh, S, 2023)	2.57
"Kojic acid (KA) is a valuable secondary metabolite that is regulated by zinc finger proteins in "	( Functional role of a novel zinc finger protein, AoZFA, in growth and kojic acid synthesis in Chen, T; Chen, Z; Fan, J; Li, Y; Yao, L; Zeng, B; Zhang, H; Zhang, Z, 2023)	2.59
"Kojic acid is an organic acid that is commonly used in the pharmaceutical and cosmetic industries. "	( Methods of Random Mutagenesis of Aspergillus Strain for Increasing Kojic Acid Production. Irianti, MI; Septiarini, TH; Suryadi, H, 2022)	2.4
"Kojic acid (KA) is a natural metabolite produced by fungi that has the ability to inhibit tyrosinase activity in synthesis of melanin."	( Kojic acid applications in cosmetic and pharmaceutical preparations. Eslamifar, M; Khezri, K; Saeedi, M, 2019)	2.68
"Kojic acid is a kind of secondary metabolites, whose biosynthesis pathway remains unclear to date. "	( Improvement of kojic acid production in Aspergillus oryzae AR-47 mutant strain by combined mutagenesis. Chen, J; Feng, W; Liang, J; Wang, B, 2019)	2.31
"Kojic acid (KA) is a fungal metabolite used as a topical treatment skin-whitening cosmetic agent for melasma in humans; however its potential as an anti-leishmanial agent is unknown. "	( A novel function for kojic acid, a secondary metabolite from Aspergillus fungi, as antileishmanial agent. Carvalho, AS; do Nascimento, JL; Farias, LH; Rodrigues, AP; Santos, AS; Silva, EO, 2014)	2.16
"Kojic acid is a natural antifungal and antibacterial agent that has been extensively studied for its tyrosinase inhibitory and metal coordination properties. "	( Metal coordination and tyrosinase inhibition studies with Kojic-βAla-Kojic. Cal, M; Crisponi, G; Lachowicz, JI; Nurchi, VM; Pelaez, Mde G; Rescigno, A; Stefanowicz, P; Szewczuk, Z, 2015)	1.86
"Kojic acid (KA) is a naturally occurring fungal metabolite that is utilized as a skin-lightener and antibrowning agent owing to its potent tyrosinase inhibition activity. "	( Biodegradable Kojic Acid-Based Polymers: Controlled Delivery of Bioactives for Melanogenesis Inhibition. Faig, JJ; Joseph, LB; Moretti, A; Nova, MJ; Smith, K; Uhrich, KE; Zhang, Y, 2017)	2.26
"Kojic acid monooleate is a fatty acid derivative of kojic acid which can be widely used as a skin whitening agent in a cosmetic applications. "	( Optimization of enzymatic synthesis of palm-based kojic acid ester using response surface methodology. Ariff, A; Ashari, SE; Basri, M; Mohamad, R; Salleh, AB, 2009)	2.05
"KA (kojic acid) is a secondary metabolite isolated from Aspergillus fungi that has demonstrated skin whitening, antioxidant and antitumour properties among others. "	( Kojic acid, a secondary metabolite from Aspergillus sp., acts as an inducer of macrophage activation. Alves, CN; Carvalho, AS; do Nascimento, JL; Rodrigues, AP; Santos, AS; Silva, EO, 2011)	2.37
"Kojic acid functions as an antioxidant in cosmetic products. "	( Final report of the safety assessment of Kojic acid as used in cosmetics. Andersen, FA; Belsito, DV; Bergfeld, WF; Burnett, CL; Hill, RA; Klaassen, CD; Liebler, DC; Marks, JG; Shank, RC; Slaga, TJ; Snyder, PW, )	1.84
"Kojic acid is a fungal metabolite widely used in medicinal and cosmetic formulations as a skin-lightening agent based on its de-pigmenting activity. "	( Kojic acid-induced IL-6 production in human keratinocytes plays a role in its anti-melanogenic activity in skin. Choi, H; Han, J; Jin, SH; Kim, K; Lee, AY; Lee, EK; Lee, TR; Noh, M; Shin, DW, 2012)	3.26
"Kojic acid is a natural product and normally used as a food additive and preservative, a skin-whitening agent in cosmetics, a plant growth regulator and a chemical intermediate. "	( Toxicogenomics of kojic acid on gene expression profiling of a375 human malignant melanoma cells. Chen, ST; Cheng, SL; Huang Liu, R; Sheu, JN; Sinchaikul, S; Tsay, GJ, 2006)	2.11
"Kojic acid is a fungal metabolite commonly produced by many species of Aspergillus, Acetobacter, and Penicillium. "	( Evaluation of health aspects of kojic acid in food. Burdock, GA; Carabin, IG; Soni, MG, 2001)	2.04
"Kojic acid is a topically applied depigmenting agent that exerts its effect by acting as a slow-binding, competitive inhibitor of tyrosinase.3 Preincubation of G361 pigmented melanoma cells and mixed cultures of G361 cells and SVK keratinocytes with 2.5 mM kojic acid resulted in significant increases in the viability of these cultures as determined by neutral red (NR) and gentian violet (GV) dye binding assays for up to 48 h following exposure to 50 microM sulfur mustard."	( Kojic acid reduces the cytotoxic effects of sulfur mustard on cultures containing human melanoma cells in vitro. Lindsay, CD; Smith, CN, )	2.3

Excerpt	Reference	Relevance
"Kojic acid has gained its importance after it was known worldwide that the substance functions primarily as skin-lightening agent. "	( Fungal production of kojic acid and its industrial applications. Chib, S; Gandhi, SG; Jamwal, VL; Kumar, V; Saran, S, 2023)	2.67
"Kojic acid has more recently become popular in over-the-counter skincare products."	( Kojic Acid for Melasma: Popular Ingredient in Skincare Products. Saedi, N; Wang, JV; Zachary, CM, 2020)	2.72
"Kojic acid has various functions, however, its anti-senescence effect has never been identified."	( Kojic acid inhibits senescence of human corneal endothelial cells via NF-κB and p21 signaling pathways. Ge, H; Li, X; Liu, P; Luo, D; Qian, H; Song, F; Sun, L; Tang, X; Wang, C; Wei, X; Yan, Y; Yu, H, 2019)	2.68
"Kojic acid has been known to act as a tumor-promoter in thyroid carcinogenesis but has not been shown to have initiation activities in liver carcinogenesis."	( Evaluation of the repeated-dose liver, bone marrow and peripheral blood micronucleus and comet assays using kojic acid. Endo, E; Kawasako, K; Maruyama, H; Matsue, K; Ogiwara, Y; Sugiura, M; Tawara, J; Tsuji, S; Wako, Y; Watanabe, K; Yamada, H, 2015)	1.35
"Kojic acid (KA) has been used as a food additive for preventing enzymatic browning of crustaceans and as a cosmetic agent for skin whitening. "	( Enhancement of hepatocarcinogenesis by kojic acid in rat two-stage models after initiation with N-bis(2-hydroxypropyl)nitrosamine or N-diethylnitrosamine. Hirose, M; Imai, T; Izumi, K; Mitsumori, K; Onose, J; Takizawa, T; Tamura, T; Ueda, M, 2004)	2.04
"Kojic acid (KA) has been widely used as a quasi-drug ingredient. "	( Kojic acid -absence of tumor-initiating activity in rat liver, and of carcinogenic and photo-genotoxic potential in mouse skin. Hara, T; Higa, Y; Kariya, K; Kawabe, M; Kitamoto, S; Nabae, K; Takahashi, M; Tanaka, N; Toda, Y, 2007)	3.23
"Kojic acid has been revealed to exert a pathological effect on the organism of different animal species."	( [The species composition of the micromycetes in feed and their role in animal kojic acid toxicosis]. Iatsyshin, AI; Kharchenko, SN; Pavlenko, OI; Pototskiĭ, NK; Tea, EM, )	1.08

Excerpt	Reference	Relevance
"Kojic acid plays a vital role in skin care products, as it enhances the ability to prevent exposure to UV radiation."	( Fungal production of kojic acid and its industrial applications. Chib, S; Gandhi, SG; Jamwal, VL; Kumar, V; Saran, S, 2023)	1.95
"Kojic acid could enhance HCEp proliferation, characterized by promoting cell proliferation rate, decreasing the expression levels of p21, galectin 8 and ki67, and increasing that of p-p38. "	( Kojic acid enhances the proliferation of human corneal epithelial cells via p38 and p21 signaling pathways. Du, L; Guo, X; Li, X; Liu, P; Qian, H; Song, F; Sun, L; Tang, X; Wang, C; Wei, X, 2021)	3.51
"Kojic acid might enhance HCEp proliferation through p38 and p21 signaling pathways, potentially via reduced expression levels of galectin 8 and ki67. "	( Kojic acid enhances the proliferation of human corneal epithelial cells via p38 and p21 signaling pathways. Du, L; Guo, X; Li, X; Liu, P; Qian, H; Song, F; Sun, L; Tang, X; Wang, C; Wei, X, 2021)	3.51

Excerpt	Reference	Relevance
"For kojic acid-treated samples, however, no major changes were observed with respect to muscle structure, water status, and protein degradation at 6 weeks."	( Effects of kojic acid on changes in the microstructure and myofibrillar protein of duck meat during superchilled storage. Du, J; Hou, W; Lin, Y; Liu, T; Wang, H; Yi, Y; Zhang, Y, 2023)	1.78
"Treatment with kojic acid (2.5 mM) for 72 h also inhibited alpha-MSH-induced melanogenesis in B16F0 melanoma cells."	( Glycine inhibits melanogenesis in vitro and causes hypopigmentation in vivo. Ishii, F; Ishikawa, M; Kawase, I, 2007)	0.68

Excerpt	Reference	Relevance
" Because the toxic effects of kojic acid were only observed at concentrations greater than 2 g kojic acid/kg feed, this mycotoxin alone does not appear to pose a serious economic threat to the poultry industry."	( Toxic effects of kojic acid in the diet of male broilers. Elissalde, MH; Giroir, LE; Harvey, RB; Huff, WE; Ivie, GW; Kubena, LE; Witzel, DA; Yersin, AG, 1991)	0.91
" The Cosmetic Ingredient Review (CIR) Expert Panel concluded that the 2 end points of concern, dermal sensitization and skin lightening, would not be seen at use concentrations below 1%; therefore, this ingredient is safe for use in cosmetic products up to that level."	( Final report of the safety assessment of Kojic acid as used in cosmetics. Andersen, FA; Belsito, DV; Bergfeld, WF; Burnett, CL; Hill, RA; Klaassen, CD; Liebler, DC; Marks, JG; Shank, RC; Slaga, TJ; Snyder, PW, )	0.4
" Its derivatives are also proposed in order to prevent chemical degradation, prevent adverse effects and improve efficacy."	( Biological activities and safety data of kojic acid and its derivatives: A review. Contri, RV; Dos Santos, FL; Kulkamp-Guerreiro, IC; Zilles, JC, 2022)	0.99

Excerpt	Reference	Relevance
"Multiple emulsions (MEs) are intensively being studied for drug delivery due to their ability to load and increase the bioavailability of active lipophilic antioxidant, such as kojic dipalmitate (KDP)."	( Structural characterization and in vitro antioxidant activity of kojic dipalmitate loaded w/o/w multiple emulsions intended for skin disorders. Calixto, GM; Chorilli, M; Corrêa, MA; Gonçalez, ML; Marcussi, DG, 2015)	0.42
"The ATP-binding cassette transporter P-glycoprotein (P-gp) is known to limit both brain penetration and oral bioavailability of many chemotherapy drugs."	( A High-Throughput Screen of a Library of Therapeutics Identifies Cytotoxic Substrates of P-glycoprotein. Ambudkar, SV; Brimacombe, KR; Chen, L; Gottesman, MM; Guha, R; Hall, MD; Klumpp-Thomas, C; Lee, OW; Lee, TD; Lusvarghi, S; Robey, RW; Shen, M; Tebase, BG, 2019)	0.51
"Hydroxypyrone derivatives have a good bioavailability in rats and mice and have been used in drug development."	( Oxovanadium(IV) Coordination Compounds with Kojic Acid Derivatives in Aqueous Solution. Alladio, E; Berto, S; Bono, A; Cappai, R; Daniele, PG; Lachowicz, JI; Laurenti, E; Nurchi, VM; Sgarlata, C; Valora, G, 2019)	0.78

Excerpt	Relevance	Reference
" Urine and plasma samples collected form rabbits dosed intravenously with 56 mg kojic acid kg-1 body weight gave positive tests at dilutions of 10(-4)."	( An immunoanalysis for kojic acid. Abdalla, AE; Grant, DW, 1980)	0.8
" This result indicates that the toxic effect observed on the thyroid gland treated with only the largest dosage of kojic acid may depend on a fast decrease following a transient increase of concentration of the compound in the blood."	( Studies on thyroid function in rats subjected to repeated oral administration with kojic acid. Hatori, A; Higa, Y; Kariya, K; Kitajima, S; Ohkubo, A, 2000)	0.74
" The preliminary evaluation results of acute toxicity showed the representative 3d and 3j were non-toxic in mice dosed at 1,200 mg/kg."	( Synthesis and biological evaluation of unsymmetrical curcumin analogues as tyrosinase inhibitors. Chen, Q; Conney, AH; Du, Z; Jiang, Y; Lu, Y; Xue, G; Zhang, K; Zheng, X, 2013)	0.39
" Kojic acid, a skin-whitening agent used in cosmetic products, was orally dosed in six-week-old male rats at 250, 500 and 1000mg/kg/day for 14 days, and at 125, 250 and 500mg/kg/day for 28 days."	( Evaluation of the repeated-dose liver, bone marrow and peripheral blood micronucleus and comet assays using kojic acid. Endo, E; Kawasako, K; Maruyama, H; Matsue, K; Ogiwara, Y; Sugiura, M; Tawara, J; Tsuji, S; Wako, Y; Watanabe, K; Yamada, H, 2015)	1.54

Role	Description
NF-kappaB inhibitor	An inhibitor of NF-kappaB (nuclear factor kappa-light-chain-enhancer of activated B cells), a protein complex involved in the transcription of DNA.
Aspergillus metabolite	Any fungal metabolite produced during a metabolic reaction in the mould, Aspergillus.
skin lightening agent	Any cosmetic used to lighten the colour of skin by reducing the concentration of melanin.
EC 1.10.3.1 (catechol oxidase) inhibitor	Any EC 1.10.3.* (oxidoreductase acting on diphenols and related substances as donors with oxygen as acceptor) inhibitor that interferes with the action of catechol oxidase (EC 1.10.3.1).
EC 1.10.3.2 (laccase) inhibitor	Any EC 1.10.3.* (oxidoreductase acting on diphenols and related substances as donors with oxygen as acceptor) inhibitor that interferes with the action of laccase (EC 1.10.3.2).
EC 1.13.11.24 (quercetin 2,3-dioxygenase) inhibitor	Any EC 1.13.11.* (oxidoreductase acting on single donors and incorporating 2 O atoms) inhibitor that interferes with the action of quercetin 2,3-dioxygenase (EC 1.13.1.24).
EC 1.14.18.1 (tyrosinase) inhibitor	Any EC 1.14.18.* (oxidoreductase acting on paired donors, miscellaneous compound as one donor, incorporating 1 atom of oxygen) inhibitor that interferes with the action of tyrosinase (monophenol monooxygenase), EC 1.14.18.1, an enzyme that catalyses the oxidation of phenols (such as tyrosine) and is widespread in plants and animals.
EC 1.4.3.3 (D-amino-acid oxidase) inhibitor	Any EC 1.4.3.* (oxidoreductase acting on donor CH-NH2 group, oxygen as acceptor) inhibitor that interferes with the action of D-amino-acid oxidase (EC 1.4.3.3).
[role information is derived from Chemical Entities of Biological Interest (ChEBI), Hastings J, Owen G, Dekker A, Ennis M, Kale N, Muthukrishnan V, Turner S, Swainston N, Mendes P, Steinbeck C. (2016). ChEBI in 2016: Improved services and an expanding collection of metabolites. Nucleic Acids Res]

Class	Description
enol	Alkenols; the term refers specifically to vinylic alcohols, which have the structure HOCR'=CR2. Enols are tautomeric with aldehydes (R' = H) or ketones (R' =/= H).
primary alcohol	A primary alcohol is a compound in which a hydroxy group, -OH, is attached to a saturated carbon atom which has either three hydrogen atoms attached to it or only one other carbon atom and two hydrogen atoms attached to it.
4-pyranones	A pyranone based on the structure of 4H-pyran-4-one and its substituted derivatives.
[compound class information is derived from Chemical Entities of Biological Interest (ChEBI), Hastings J, Owen G, Dekker A, Ennis M, Kale N, Muthukrishnan V, Turner S, Swainston N, Mendes P, Steinbeck C. (2016). ChEBI in 2016: Improved services and an expanding collection of metabolites. Nucleic Acids Res]

Protein	Taxonomy	Measurement	Average (µ)	Min (ref.)	Avg (ref.)	Max (ref.)	Bioassay(s)
Chain A, 2-oxoglutarate Oxygenase	Homo sapiens (human)	Potency	25.1189	0.1778	14.3909	39.8107	AID2147
RAR-related orphan receptor gamma	Mus musculus (house mouse)	Potency	1.9724	0.0060	38.0041	19,952.5996	AID1159521; AID1159523
estrogen nuclear receptor alpha	Homo sapiens (human)	Potency	21.3138	0.0002	29.3054	16,493.5996	AID743069
peripheral myelin protein 22	Rattus norvegicus (Norway rat)	Potency	16.1366	0.0056	12.3677	36.1254	AID624032
[prepared from compound, protein, and bioassay information from National Library of Medicine (NLM), extracted Dec-2023]

Protein	Taxonomy	Measurement	Average	Min (ref.)	Avg (ref.)	Max (ref.)	Bioassay(s)
Polyphenol oxidase 2	Agaricus bisporus	IC50 (µMol)	63.2557	0.0340	3.9871	10.0000	AID1059453; AID1061776; AID1064748; AID1064750; AID1082239; AID1154176; AID1167964; AID1181361; AID1181365; AID1190838; AID1192855; AID1194114; AID1198431; AID1233234; AID1238885; AID1247678; AID1247679; AID1253937; AID1256363; AID1257134; AID1269166; AID1269167; AID1272598; AID1272954; AID1288140; AID1299544; AID1303919; AID1369418; AID1396229; AID1405933; AID1413034; AID1424389; AID1434253; AID1492715; AID1498924; AID1501719; AID1505136; AID1514344; AID1514953; AID1546412; AID1555220; AID1562597; AID1588409; AID1593917; AID1603425; AID1603430; AID1611942; AID1639456; AID1754591; AID1760251; AID1799721; AID1800143; AID264844; AID293950; AID305160; AID309025; AID327624; AID331282; AID336442; AID358295; AID383496; AID387632; AID400520; AID405958; AID410468; AID411500; AID427670; AID427671; AID427672; AID436179; AID436180; AID441043; AID450483; AID462349; AID462366; AID467606; AID478539; AID484880; AID492067; AID493982; AID517128; AID528274; AID537590; AID538837; AID568213; AID587205; AID589509; AID590195; AID610480; AID613824; AID626570; AID635123; AID646396; AID654750; AID655298; AID662538; AID662539; AID670042; AID682404; AID682406; AID687639; AID687640; AID715001; AID730305; AID740438; AID746658; AID758099
Polyphenol oxidase 2	Agaricus bisporus	Ki	82.3278	0.0006	3.2883	8.8900	AID1194115; AID1257138; AID1571719; AID1571720; AID441043; AID488234; AID687649; AID687758; AID746656
D-amino-acid oxidase	Sus scrofa (pig)	IC50 (µMol)	2.0000	0.1880	2.0478	10.0000	AID755116
Polymerase acidic protein	Influenza A virus (A/Puerto Rico/8/1934(H1N1))	IC50 (µMol)	12.4446	1.8800	4.6880	5.8600	AID1635903
Tyrosinase	Mus musculus (house mouse)	IC50 (µMol)	716.9000	0.0300	2.2104	5.2300	AID1442854; AID1588408; AID428332
Tyrosinase	Homo sapiens (human)	IC50 (µMol)	1,014.7415	0.0230	4.4593	10.0000	AID1167965; AID1248348; AID1331360; AID1331361; AID1504875; AID1611938; AID1611939; AID1611943; AID1683486; AID1717717; AID1799678; AID215966; AID215968; AID259214; AID276018; AID356137; AID356429; AID429252; AID590115
Tyrosinase	Homo sapiens (human)	Ki	350.0000	1.7000	4.7333	9.1000	AID1331359
D-amino-acid oxidase	Homo sapiens (human)	IC50 (µMol)	2.0000	0.0040	1.1199	10.0000	AID755116
Alpha-1B adrenergic receptor	Rattus norvegicus (Norway rat)	IC50 (µMol)	2.0000	0.0002	1.8742	10.0000	AID755116
Alpha-1D adrenergic receptor	Rattus norvegicus (Norway rat)	IC50 (µMol)	2.0000	0.0002	1.2704	10.0000	AID755116
Cytochrome P450 2C19	Homo sapiens (human)	IC50 (µMol)	12.4446	0.0000	2.3983	10.0000	AID1635903
Alpha-1B adrenergic receptor	Homo sapiens (human)	IC50 (µMol)	8.3300	0.0002	0.6526	8.3300	AID517128
Alpha-1A adrenergic receptor	Rattus norvegicus (Norway rat)	IC50 (µMol)	2.0000	0.0000	1.8194	10.0000	AID755116
Polyphenol oxidase 1	Agaricus bisporus	IC50 (µMol)	20.1350	1.4000	2.5400	3.6800	AID1801979; AID1802947
[prepared from compound, protein, and bioassay information from National Library of Medicine (NLM), extracted Dec-2023]

Protein	Taxonomy	Measurement	Average	Min (ref.)	Avg (ref.)	Max (ref.)	Bioassay(s)
[prepared from compound, protein, and bioassay information from National Library of Medicine (NLM), extracted Dec-2023]

Protein	Taxonomy	Measurement	Average	Min (ref.)	Avg (ref.)	Max (ref.)	Bioassay(s)
[prepared from compound, protein, and bioassay information from National Library of Medicine (NLM), extracted Dec-2023]

Process	via Protein(s)	Taxonomy
melanin biosynthetic process from tyrosine	Tyrosinase	Homo sapiens (human)
eye pigment biosynthetic process	Tyrosinase	Homo sapiens (human)
visual perception	Tyrosinase	Homo sapiens (human)
cell population proliferation	Tyrosinase	Homo sapiens (human)
response to UV	Tyrosinase	Homo sapiens (human)
response to blue light	Tyrosinase	Homo sapiens (human)
response to vitamin D	Tyrosinase	Homo sapiens (human)
melanin biosynthetic process	Tyrosinase	Homo sapiens (human)
thymus development	Tyrosinase	Homo sapiens (human)
response to cAMP	Tyrosinase	Homo sapiens (human)
pigmentation	Tyrosinase	Homo sapiens (human)
proline catabolic process	D-amino-acid oxidase	Homo sapiens (human)
digestion	D-amino-acid oxidase	Homo sapiens (human)
D-amino acid catabolic process	D-amino-acid oxidase	Homo sapiens (human)
D-serine catabolic process	D-amino-acid oxidase	Homo sapiens (human)
dopamine biosynthetic process	D-amino-acid oxidase	Homo sapiens (human)
D-alanine catabolic process	D-amino-acid oxidase	Homo sapiens (human)
D-serine metabolic process	D-amino-acid oxidase	Homo sapiens (human)
neutrophil-mediated killing of gram-negative bacterium	D-amino-acid oxidase	Homo sapiens (human)
long-chain fatty acid metabolic process	Cytochrome P450 2C19	Homo sapiens (human)
xenobiotic metabolic process	Cytochrome P450 2C19	Homo sapiens (human)
steroid metabolic process	Cytochrome P450 2C19	Homo sapiens (human)
monoterpenoid metabolic process	Cytochrome P450 2C19	Homo sapiens (human)
epoxygenase P450 pathway	Cytochrome P450 2C19	Homo sapiens (human)
xenobiotic catabolic process	Cytochrome P450 2C19	Homo sapiens (human)
omega-hydroxylase P450 pathway	Cytochrome P450 2C19	Homo sapiens (human)
G protein-coupled receptor signaling pathway	Alpha-1B adrenergic receptor	Homo sapiens (human)
adenylate cyclase-modulating G protein-coupled receptor signaling pathway	Alpha-1B adrenergic receptor	Homo sapiens (human)
regulation of vasoconstriction	Alpha-1B adrenergic receptor	Homo sapiens (human)
intracellular signal transduction	Alpha-1B adrenergic receptor	Homo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of MAPK cascade	Alpha-1B adrenergic receptor	Homo sapiens (human)
regulation of cardiac muscle contraction	Alpha-1B adrenergic receptor	Homo sapiens (human)
neuron-glial cell signaling	Alpha-1B adrenergic receptor	Homo sapiens (human)
adenylate cyclase-activating adrenergic receptor signaling pathway	Alpha-1B adrenergic receptor	Homo sapiens (human)
cell-cell signaling	Alpha-1B adrenergic receptor	Homo sapiens (human)
phospholipase C-activating G protein-coupled receptor signaling pathway	Alpha-1B adrenergic receptor	Homo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of cytosolic calcium ion concentration	Alpha-1B adrenergic receptor	Homo sapiens (human)
[Information is prepared from geneontology information from the June-17-2024 release]

Process	via Protein(s)	Taxonomy
tyrosinase activity	Tyrosinase	Homo sapiens (human)
copper ion binding	Tyrosinase	Homo sapiens (human)
protein binding	Tyrosinase	Homo sapiens (human)
identical protein binding	Tyrosinase	Homo sapiens (human)
protein homodimerization activity	Tyrosinase	Homo sapiens (human)
D-amino-acid oxidase activity	D-amino-acid oxidase	Homo sapiens (human)
protein binding	D-amino-acid oxidase	Homo sapiens (human)
identical protein binding	D-amino-acid oxidase	Homo sapiens (human)
FAD binding	D-amino-acid oxidase	Homo sapiens (human)
monooxygenase activity	Cytochrome P450 2C19	Homo sapiens (human)
iron ion binding	Cytochrome P450 2C19	Homo sapiens (human)
steroid hydroxylase activity	Cytochrome P450 2C19	Homo sapiens (human)
oxidoreductase activity	Cytochrome P450 2C19	Homo sapiens (human)
(S)-limonene 6-monooxygenase activity	Cytochrome P450 2C19	Homo sapiens (human)
(S)-limonene 7-monooxygenase activity	Cytochrome P450 2C19	Homo sapiens (human)
oxygen binding	Cytochrome P450 2C19	Homo sapiens (human)
enzyme binding	Cytochrome P450 2C19	Homo sapiens (human)
heme binding	Cytochrome P450 2C19	Homo sapiens (human)
(R)-limonene 6-monooxygenase activity	Cytochrome P450 2C19	Homo sapiens (human)
aromatase activity	Cytochrome P450 2C19	Homo sapiens (human)
long-chain fatty acid omega-1 hydroxylase activity	Cytochrome P450 2C19	Homo sapiens (human)
arachidonic acid epoxygenase activity	Cytochrome P450 2C19	Homo sapiens (human)
oxidoreductase activity, acting on paired donors, with incorporation or reduction of molecular oxygen, reduced flavin or flavoprotein as one donor, and incorporation of one atom of oxygen	Cytochrome P450 2C19	Homo sapiens (human)
protein binding	Alpha-1B adrenergic receptor	Homo sapiens (human)
protein heterodimerization activity	Alpha-1B adrenergic receptor	Homo sapiens (human)
alpha1-adrenergic receptor activity	Alpha-1B adrenergic receptor	Homo sapiens (human)
[Information is prepared from geneontology information from the June-17-2024 release]

Process	via Protein(s)	Taxonomy
extracellular region	Polymerase acidic protein	Influenza A virus (A/Puerto Rico/8/1934(H1N1))
cytoplasm	Tyrosinase	Homo sapiens (human)
lysosome	Tyrosinase	Homo sapiens (human)
Golgi-associated vesicle	Tyrosinase	Homo sapiens (human)
melanosome membrane	Tyrosinase	Homo sapiens (human)
melanosome	Tyrosinase	Homo sapiens (human)
intracellular membrane-bounded organelle	Tyrosinase	Homo sapiens (human)
perinuclear region of cytoplasm	Tyrosinase	Homo sapiens (human)
mitochondrial outer membrane	D-amino-acid oxidase	Homo sapiens (human)
extracellular region	D-amino-acid oxidase	Homo sapiens (human)
cytoplasm	D-amino-acid oxidase	Homo sapiens (human)
peroxisomal matrix	D-amino-acid oxidase	Homo sapiens (human)
cytosol	D-amino-acid oxidase	Homo sapiens (human)
cell projection	D-amino-acid oxidase	Homo sapiens (human)
presynaptic active zone	D-amino-acid oxidase	Homo sapiens (human)
cytoplasm	D-amino-acid oxidase	Homo sapiens (human)
endoplasmic reticulum membrane	Cytochrome P450 2C19	Homo sapiens (human)
plasma membrane	Cytochrome P450 2C19	Homo sapiens (human)
intracellular membrane-bounded organelle	Cytochrome P450 2C19	Homo sapiens (human)
intracellular membrane-bounded organelle	Cytochrome P450 2C19	Homo sapiens (human)
cytoplasm	Cytochrome P450 2C19	Homo sapiens (human)
nucleus	Alpha-1B adrenergic receptor	Homo sapiens (human)
cytoplasm	Alpha-1B adrenergic receptor	Homo sapiens (human)
plasma membrane	Alpha-1B adrenergic receptor	Homo sapiens (human)
caveola	Alpha-1B adrenergic receptor	Homo sapiens (human)
nuclear membrane	Alpha-1B adrenergic receptor	Homo sapiens (human)
plasma membrane	Alpha-1B adrenergic receptor	Homo sapiens (human)
[Information is prepared from geneontology information from the June-17-2024 release]

Bioassays (585)

Assay ID	Title	Year	Journal	Article
AID651635	Viability Counterscreen for Primary qHTS for Inhibitors of ATXN expression
AID1296008	Cytotoxic Profiling of Annotated Libraries Using Quantitative High-Throughput Screening	2020	SLAS discovery : advancing life sciences R & D, 01, Volume: 25, Issue:1	Cytotoxic Profiling of Annotated and Diverse Chemical Libraries Using Quantitative High-Throughput Screening.
AID1346987	P-glycoprotein substrates identified in KB-8-5-11 adenocarcinoma cell line, qHTS therapeutic library screen	2019	Molecular pharmacology, 11, Volume: 96, Issue:5	A High-Throughput Screen of a Library of Therapeutics Identifies Cytotoxic Substrates of P-glycoprotein.
AID1346986	P-glycoprotein substrates identified in KB-3-1 adenocarcinoma cell line, qHTS therapeutic library screen	2019	Molecular pharmacology, 11, Volume: 96, Issue:5	A High-Throughput Screen of a Library of Therapeutics Identifies Cytotoxic Substrates of P-glycoprotein.
AID1347407	qHTS to identify inhibitors of the type 1 interferon - major histocompatibility complex class I in skeletal muscle: primary screen against the NCATS Pharmaceutical Collection	2020	ACS chemical biology, 07-17, Volume: 15, Issue:7	High-Throughput Screening to Identify Inhibitors of the Type I Interferon-Major Histocompatibility Complex Class I Pathway in Skeletal Muscle.
AID1347090	qHTS of pediatric cancer cell lines to identify multiple opportunities for drug repurposing: Primary screen for DAOY cells	2018	Oncotarget, Jan-12, Volume: 9, Issue:4	Quantitative high-throughput phenotypic screening of pediatric cancer cell lines identifies multiple opportunities for drug repurposing.
AID1347097	qHTS of pediatric cancer cell lines to identify multiple opportunities for drug repurposing: Primary screen for Saos-2 cells	2018	Oncotarget, Jan-12, Volume: 9, Issue:4	Quantitative high-throughput phenotypic screening of pediatric cancer cell lines identifies multiple opportunities for drug repurposing.
AID1347083	qHTS for Inhibitors of the Functional Ribonucleoprotein Complex (vRNP) of Lassa (LASV) Arenavirus: Viability assay - alamar blue signal for LASV Primary Screen	2020	Antiviral research, 01, Volume: 173	A cell-based, infectious-free, platform to identify inhibitors of lassa virus ribonucleoprotein (vRNP) activity.
AID1508627	Counterscreen qHTS for small molecule stabilizers of the endoplasmic reticulum resident proteome: GLuc-NoTag assay	2021	Cell reports, 04-27, Volume: 35, Issue:4	A target-agnostic screen identifies approved drugs to stabilize the endoplasmic reticulum-resident proteome.
AID1347100	qHTS of pediatric cancer cell lines to identify multiple opportunities for drug repurposing: Primary screen for LAN-5 cells	2018	Oncotarget, Jan-12, Volume: 9, Issue:4	Quantitative high-throughput phenotypic screening of pediatric cancer cell lines identifies multiple opportunities for drug repurposing.
AID1347091	qHTS of pediatric cancer cell lines to identify multiple opportunities for drug repurposing: Primary screen for SJ-GBM2 cells	2018	Oncotarget, Jan-12, Volume: 9, Issue:4	Quantitative high-throughput phenotypic screening of pediatric cancer cell lines identifies multiple opportunities for drug repurposing.
AID1347092	qHTS of pediatric cancer cell lines to identify multiple opportunities for drug repurposing: Primary screen for A673 cells	2018	Oncotarget, Jan-12, Volume: 9, Issue:4	Quantitative high-throughput phenotypic screening of pediatric cancer cell lines identifies multiple opportunities for drug repurposing.
AID1347096	qHTS of pediatric cancer cell lines to identify multiple opportunities for drug repurposing: Primary screen for U-2 OS cells	2018	Oncotarget, Jan-12, Volume: 9, Issue:4	Quantitative high-throughput phenotypic screening of pediatric cancer cell lines identifies multiple opportunities for drug repurposing.
AID1347103	qHTS of pediatric cancer cell lines to identify multiple opportunities for drug repurposing: Primary screen for OHS-50 cells	2018	Oncotarget, Jan-12, Volume: 9, Issue:4	Quantitative high-throughput phenotypic screening of pediatric cancer cell lines identifies multiple opportunities for drug repurposing.
AID1347099	qHTS of pediatric cancer cell lines to identify multiple opportunities for drug repurposing: Primary screen for NB1643 cells	2018	Oncotarget, Jan-12, Volume: 9, Issue:4	Quantitative high-throughput phenotypic screening of pediatric cancer cell lines identifies multiple opportunities for drug repurposing.
AID1347107	qHTS of pediatric cancer cell lines to identify multiple opportunities for drug repurposing: Primary screen for Rh30 cells	2018	Oncotarget, Jan-12, Volume: 9, Issue:4	Quantitative high-throughput phenotypic screening of pediatric cancer cell lines identifies multiple opportunities for drug repurposing.
AID1347425	Rhodamine-PBP qHTS Assay for Modulators of WT P53-Induced Phosphatase 1 (WIP1)	2019	The Journal of biological chemistry, 11-15, Volume: 294, Issue:46	Physiologically relevant orthogonal assays for the discovery of small-molecule modulators of WIP1 phosphatase in high-throughput screens.
AID1347106	qHTS of pediatric cancer cell lines to identify multiple opportunities for drug repurposing: Primary screen for control Hh wild type fibroblast cells	2018	Oncotarget, Jan-12, Volume: 9, Issue:4	Quantitative high-throughput phenotypic screening of pediatric cancer cell lines identifies multiple opportunities for drug repurposing.
AID1508630	Primary qHTS for small molecule stabilizers of the endoplasmic reticulum resident proteome: Secreted ER Calcium Modulated Protein (SERCaMP) assay	2021	Cell reports, 04-27, Volume: 35, Issue:4	A target-agnostic screen identifies approved drugs to stabilize the endoplasmic reticulum-resident proteome.
AID1347094	qHTS of pediatric cancer cell lines to identify multiple opportunities for drug repurposing: Primary screen for BT-37 cells	2018	Oncotarget, Jan-12, Volume: 9, Issue:4	Quantitative high-throughput phenotypic screening of pediatric cancer cell lines identifies multiple opportunities for drug repurposing.
AID1347424	RapidFire Mass Spectrometry qHTS Assay for Modulators of WT P53-Induced Phosphatase 1 (WIP1)	2019	The Journal of biological chemistry, 11-15, Volume: 294, Issue:46	Physiologically relevant orthogonal assays for the discovery of small-molecule modulators of WIP1 phosphatase in high-throughput screens.
AID1347101	qHTS of pediatric cancer cell lines to identify multiple opportunities for drug repurposing: Primary screen for BT-12 cells	2018	Oncotarget, Jan-12, Volume: 9, Issue:4	Quantitative high-throughput phenotypic screening of pediatric cancer cell lines identifies multiple opportunities for drug repurposing.
AID1347093	qHTS of pediatric cancer cell lines to identify multiple opportunities for drug repurposing: Primary screen for SK-N-MC cells	2018	Oncotarget, Jan-12, Volume: 9, Issue:4	Quantitative high-throughput phenotypic screening of pediatric cancer cell lines identifies multiple opportunities for drug repurposing.
AID1347089	qHTS of pediatric cancer cell lines to identify multiple opportunities for drug repurposing: Primary screen for TC32 cells	2018	Oncotarget, Jan-12, Volume: 9, Issue:4	Quantitative high-throughput phenotypic screening of pediatric cancer cell lines identifies multiple opportunities for drug repurposing.
AID1347082	qHTS for Inhibitors of the Functional Ribonucleoprotein Complex (vRNP) of Lassa (LASV) Arenavirus: LASV Primary Screen - GLuc reporter signal	2020	Antiviral research, 01, Volume: 173	A cell-based, infectious-free, platform to identify inhibitors of lassa virus ribonucleoprotein (vRNP) activity.
AID1347102	qHTS of pediatric cancer cell lines to identify multiple opportunities for drug repurposing: Primary screen for Rh18 cells	2018	Oncotarget, Jan-12, Volume: 9, Issue:4	Quantitative high-throughput phenotypic screening of pediatric cancer cell lines identifies multiple opportunities for drug repurposing.
AID1347154	Primary screen GU AMC qHTS for Zika virus inhibitors	2020	Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, 12-08, Volume: 117, Issue:49	Therapeutic candidates for the Zika virus identified by a high-throughput screen for Zika protease inhibitors.
AID1347108	qHTS of pediatric cancer cell lines to identify multiple opportunities for drug repurposing: Primary screen for Rh41 cells	2018	Oncotarget, Jan-12, Volume: 9, Issue:4	Quantitative high-throughput phenotypic screening of pediatric cancer cell lines identifies multiple opportunities for drug repurposing.
AID1347098	qHTS of pediatric cancer cell lines to identify multiple opportunities for drug repurposing: Primary screen for SK-N-SH cells	2018	Oncotarget, Jan-12, Volume: 9, Issue:4	Quantitative high-throughput phenotypic screening of pediatric cancer cell lines identifies multiple opportunities for drug repurposing.
AID1347086	qHTS for Inhibitors of the Functional Ribonucleoprotein Complex (vRNP) of Lymphocytic Choriomeningitis Arenaviruses (LCMV): LCMV Primary Screen - GLuc reporter signal	2020	Antiviral research, 01, Volume: 173	A cell-based, infectious-free, platform to identify inhibitors of lassa virus ribonucleoprotein (vRNP) activity.
AID1347105	qHTS of pediatric cancer cell lines to identify multiple opportunities for drug repurposing: Primary screen for MG 63 (6-TG R) cells	2018	Oncotarget, Jan-12, Volume: 9, Issue:4	Quantitative high-throughput phenotypic screening of pediatric cancer cell lines identifies multiple opportunities for drug repurposing.
AID1745845	Primary qHTS for Inhibitors of ATXN expression
AID1508629	Cell Viability qHTS for small molecule stabilizers of the endoplasmic reticulum resident proteome	2021	Cell reports, 04-27, Volume: 35, Issue:4	A target-agnostic screen identifies approved drugs to stabilize the endoplasmic reticulum-resident proteome.
AID1508628	Confirmatory qHTS for small molecule stabilizers of the endoplasmic reticulum resident proteome: Secreted ER Calcium Modulated Protein (SERCaMP) assay	2021	Cell reports, 04-27, Volume: 35, Issue:4	A target-agnostic screen identifies approved drugs to stabilize the endoplasmic reticulum-resident proteome.
AID1347095	qHTS of pediatric cancer cell lines to identify multiple opportunities for drug repurposing: Primary screen for NB-EBc1 cells	2018	Oncotarget, Jan-12, Volume: 9, Issue:4	Quantitative high-throughput phenotypic screening of pediatric cancer cell lines identifies multiple opportunities for drug repurposing.
AID1347104	qHTS of pediatric cancer cell lines to identify multiple opportunities for drug repurposing: Primary screen for RD cells	2018	Oncotarget, Jan-12, Volume: 9, Issue:4	Quantitative high-throughput phenotypic screening of pediatric cancer cell lines identifies multiple opportunities for drug repurposing.
AID504749	qHTS profiling for inhibitors of Plasmodium falciparum proliferation	2011	Science (New York, N.Y.), Aug-05, Volume: 333, Issue:6043	Chemical genomic profiling for antimalarial therapies, response signatures, and molecular targets.
AID1683459	Mixed inhibition of Tyrosinase (unknown origin) assessed as Michaelis-Menten constant at 12.8 uM using tyrosine as substrate incubated for 20 mins followed by substrate addition and measured every 10 mins for 30 mins by Lineweaver-Burk plot analysis (Rvb	2021	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry, 01-01, Volume: 29	Xanthones for melanogenesis inhibition: Molecular docking and QSAR studies to understand their anti-tyrosinase activity.
AID1562601	Inhibition of alpha-MSH-stimulated melanogenesis in mouse B16F10 cells assessed as melanin content at 10 uM measured after 48 hrs relative to control	2019	European journal of medicinal chemistry, Sep-15, Volume: 178	Exploiting the 1-(4-fluorobenzyl)piperazine fragment for the development of novel tyrosinase inhibitors as anti-melanogenic agents: Design, synthesis, structural insights and biological profile.
AID1325097	Inhibition of mushroom tyrosinase activity using L-tyrosine as substrate at 30 uM after 30 mins	2016	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry, 12-01, Volume: 24, Issue:23	Melanogenesis inhibitory activity of a 7-O-9'-linked neolignan from Alpinia galanga fruit.
AID1879187	Cytotoxicity against human A-375 cells assessed as cell viability at 50 uM incubated for 72 hrs by MTT assay relative to control	2022	European journal of medicinal chemistry, Mar-05, Volume: 231	Cinnamic acid derivatives linked to arylpiperazines as novel potent inhibitors of tyrosinase activity and melanin synthesis.
AID1366341	Toxicity in wild type zebrafish embryos assessed as dead embryo at 100 ug/ml treated for 96 hrs post fertilization starting from 6 hrs post fertilization by inverted microscopic analysis relative to control	2017	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry, 12-15, Volume: 25, Issue:24	Potent anti-melanogenic activity and favorable toxicity profile of selected 4-phenyl hydroxycoumarins in the zebrafish model and the computational molecular modeling studies.
AID1611939	Inhibition of tyrosinase (unknown origin) assessed as reduction in diphenolase activity	2018	Journal of medicinal chemistry, 09-13, Volume: 61, Issue:17	Inhibitors of Melanogenesis: An Updated Review.
AID1555220	Inhibition of mushroom tyrosinase using L-dopa as substrate incubated for 30 mins by spectrophotometric method
AID1338606	Inhibition of mushroom tyrosinase monophenolase activity using L-tyrosine as substrate measured after 30 mins	2017	European journal of medicinal chemistry, Jan-05, Volume: 125	Chemical exploration of 4-(4-fluorobenzyl)piperidine fragment for the development of new tyrosinase inhibitors.
AID1366365	Toxicity in wild type zebrafish embryos assessed as teratogenic embryo at 2000 ug/ml treated for 96 hrs post fertilization starting from 6 hrs post fertilization by inverted microscopic analysis relative to control	2017	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry, 12-15, Volume: 25, Issue:24	Potent anti-melanogenic activity and favorable toxicity profile of selected 4-phenyl hydroxycoumarins in the zebrafish model and the computational molecular modeling studies.
AID1546418	Inhibition of tyrosinase in mouse B16F10 cells assessed as alpha-MSH-stimulated melanogenesis measured as melanin content at 125 ug/ml measured after 24 hrs in presence of alpha-MSH by microplate reader analysis	2020	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters, 01-01, Volume: 30, Issue:1	Hydroxyl substituted benzoic acid/cinnamic acid derivatives: Tyrosinase inhibitory kinetics, anti-melanogenic activity and molecular docking studies.
AID1366406	Toxicity in wild type zebrafish embryos assessed as notochord at 500 ug/ml treated for 96 hrs post fertilization starting from 6 hrs post fertilization by inverted microscopic analysis relative to control	2017	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry, 12-15, Volume: 25, Issue:24	Potent anti-melanogenic activity and favorable toxicity profile of selected 4-phenyl hydroxycoumarins in the zebrafish model and the computational molecular modeling studies.
AID1181373	Competitive inhibition of mushroom tyrosinase using L-tyrosine as substrate by Lineweaver-Burk double reciprocal plot method	2014	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry, Aug-01, Volume: 22, Issue:15	Effect of p-aminophenols on tyrosinase activity.
AID1366547	Inhibition of zebrafish embryo tyrosinase assessed as residual activity at 25 ug/ml after 48 hrs relative to control	2017	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry, 12-15, Volume: 25, Issue:24	Potent anti-melanogenic activity and favorable toxicity profile of selected 4-phenyl hydroxycoumarins in the zebrafish model and the computational molecular modeling studies.
AID1190838	Inhibition of mushroom tyrosinase using L-tyrosine as substrate after 20 mins by microplate reader	2015	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters, Feb-15, Volume: 25, Issue:4	Flavokawains B and C, melanogenesis inhibitors, isolated from the root of Piper methysticum and synthesis of analogs.
AID428335	Antimelanogenic activity in mouse B16 cells assessed as inhibition of intracellular melanin accumulation after 2 days	2009	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters, Aug-01, Volume: 19, Issue:15	N-[(Dihydroxyphenyl)acyl]serotonins as potent inhibitors of tyrosinase from mouse and human melanoma cells.
AID1325093	Inhibition of mushroom tyrosinase activity using L-tyrosine as substrate at 10 uM after 30 mins	2016	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry, 12-01, Volume: 24, Issue:23	Melanogenesis inhibitory activity of a 7-O-9'-linked neolignan from Alpinia galanga fruit.
AID493982	Inhibition of mushroom tyrosinase	2010	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters, Aug-15, Volume: 20, Issue:16	A newly synthesized, potent tyrosinase inhibitor: 5-(6-hydroxy-2-naphthyl)-1,2,3-benzenetriol.
AID1366468	Toxicity in wild type zebrafish embryos assessed as heart beat at 2500 ug/ml treated for 96 hrs post fertilization starting from 6 hrs post fertilization by inverted microscopic analysis relative to control	2017	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry, 12-15, Volume: 25, Issue:24	Potent anti-melanogenic activity and favorable toxicity profile of selected 4-phenyl hydroxycoumarins in the zebrafish model and the computational molecular modeling studies.
AID1366340	Toxicity in wild type zebrafish embryos assessed as dead embryo at 500 ug/ml treated for 96 hrs post fertilization starting from 6 hrs post fertilization by inverted microscopic analysis relative to control	2017	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry, 12-15, Volume: 25, Issue:24	Potent anti-melanogenic activity and favorable toxicity profile of selected 4-phenyl hydroxycoumarins in the zebrafish model and the computational molecular modeling studies.
AID1442856	Inhibition of intracellular tyrosinase activity in mouse B16 cells at MNCC using L-DOPA as substrate preincubated for 24 hrs followed by substrate addition and subsequent incubation for 20 mins measured at 1 min interval for 10 mins by MBTH reagent based	2017	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters, 04-15, Volume: 27, Issue:8	Chemical and bioactivity of flavanones obtained from roots of Dalea pazensis Rusby.
AID1366329	Anti-melanogenic activity in wild type zebrafish 24 hrs post fertilization embryos assessed as decrease in body pigmentation at >= 500 ug/ml after 48 hrs	2017	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry, 12-15, Volume: 25, Issue:24	Potent anti-melanogenic activity and favorable toxicity profile of selected 4-phenyl hydroxycoumarins in the zebrafish model and the computational molecular modeling studies.
AID264844	Inhibition of mushroom tyrosinase	2006	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters, May-15, Volume: 16, Issue:10	N-Benzylbenzamides: a new class of potent tyrosinase inhibitors.
AID1247676	Inhibition of mushroom tyrosinase assessed as reduction in L-DOPA oxidase activity at 50 uM using L-DOPA substrate	2015	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters, Oct-01, Volume: 25, Issue:19	Integrated kinetic studies and computational analysis on naphthyl chalcones as mushroom tyrosinase inhibitors.
AID1366385	Toxicity in wild type zebrafish embryos assessed as growth retardation at 25 ug/ml treated for 96 hrs post fertilization starting from 6 hrs post fertilization by inverted microscopic analysis relative to control	2017	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry, 12-15, Volume: 25, Issue:24	Potent anti-melanogenic activity and favorable toxicity profile of selected 4-phenyl hydroxycoumarins in the zebrafish model and the computational molecular modeling studies.
AID1562597	Inhibition of mushroom tyrosinase assessed as reduction in dopachrome production using L-DOPA as substrate after 5 mins by spectrophotometric analysis	2019	European journal of medicinal chemistry, Sep-15, Volume: 178	Exploiting the 1-(4-fluorobenzyl)piperazine fragment for the development of novel tyrosinase inhibitors as anti-melanogenic agents: Design, synthesis, structural insights and biological profile.
AID590115	Inhibition of Tyrosinase	2011	European journal of medicinal chemistry, Apr, Volume: 46, Issue:4	Synthesis and evaluation of bibenzyl glycosides as potent tyrosinase inhibitors.
AID263688	Inhibitory activity against tyrosinase at 100uM	2006	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters, Apr-15, Volume: 16, Issue:8	Analogues of N-hydroxycinnamoylphenalkylamides as inhibitors of human melanocyte-tyrosinase.
AID1366379	Toxicity in wild type zebrafish embryos assessed as normal embryo at 1000 ug/ml treated for 96 hrs post fertilization starting from 6 hrs post fertilization by inverted microscopic analysis relative to control	2017	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry, 12-15, Volume: 25, Issue:24	Potent anti-melanogenic activity and favorable toxicity profile of selected 4-phenyl hydroxycoumarins in the zebrafish model and the computational molecular modeling studies.
AID1454355	Cytotoxicity in mouse B16 cells assessed as reduction cell viability by MTT assay	2017	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters, 08-01, Volume: 27, Issue:15	Synthesis and biological evaluation of caffeic acid derivatives as potent inhibitors of α-MSH-stimulated melanogenesis.
AID1082237	Inhibition of xanthine oxidase	2011	Journal of agricultural and food chemistry, May-11, Volume: 59, Issue:9	Neonicotinoid insecticides: oxidative stress in planta and metallo-oxidase inhibition.
AID758109	Inhibition of mushroom tyrosinase using L-tyrosine as substrate assessed as amount of dopachrome produced at 20 uM after 30 mins by spectrophotometry	2013	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters, Jul-15, Volume: 23, Issue:14	De novo tyrosinase inhibitor: 4-(6,7-dihydro-5H-indeno[5,6-d]thiazol-2-yl)benzene-1,3-diol (MHY1556).
AID1181366	Inhibition of mushroom tyrosinase using L-tyrosine as substrate at 6.25 uM by spectrophotometry relative to control	2014	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry, Aug-01, Volume: 22, Issue:15	Effect of p-aminophenols on tyrosinase activity.
AID1181358	Inhibition of mushroom tyrosinase using L-DOPA as substrate at 50 uM by spectrophotometry relative to control	2014	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry, Aug-01, Volume: 22, Issue:15	Effect of p-aminophenols on tyrosinase activity.
AID1879185	Inhibition of mushroom tyrosinase using L-DOPA as substrate preincubated with substrate for 10 mins followed by addition of enzyme and measured for 5 mins by spectrophotometric analysis	2022	European journal of medicinal chemistry, Mar-05, Volume: 231	Cinnamic acid derivatives linked to arylpiperazines as novel potent inhibitors of tyrosinase activity and melanin synthesis.
AID292722	Survival of NMRI mouse for 30 days at 71 mg/kg, sc administered 24 hrs before cobalt 60 gamma irradiation	2007	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters, Jan-01, Volume: 17, Issue:1	Kojic acid and its manganese and zinc complexes as potential radioprotective agents.
AID1064747	Competitive inhibition of mushroom tyrosinase using L-DOPA as substrate preincubated for 10 mins with substrate followed by enzyme addition measured after 15 mins by Dixon plot analysis	2014	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry, Feb-01, Volume: 22, Issue:3	Inhibition of tyrosinase activity by polyphenol compounds from Flemingia philippinensis roots.
AID1603425	Inhibition of monophenolase activity of mushroom tyrosinase assessed as reduction in dopachrome formation using L-Tyrosine substrate by UV-Vis spectrophotometry	2019	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry, 06-15, Volume: 27, Issue:12	Tyrosinase inhibitory study of flavonolignans from the seeds of Silybum marianum (Milk thistle).
AID1366419	Toxicity in wild type zebrafish embryos assessed as eyes at 500 ug/ml treated for 96 hrs post fertilization starting from 6 hrs post fertilization by inverted microscopic analysis relative to control	2017	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry, 12-15, Volume: 25, Issue:24	Potent anti-melanogenic activity and favorable toxicity profile of selected 4-phenyl hydroxycoumarins in the zebrafish model and the computational molecular modeling studies.
AID598529	Inhibition of alpha-MSH-induced melanin production in mouse B16 cells after 3 days	2011	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters, Jun-15, Volume: 21, Issue:12	Ketonethiosemicarbazones: structure-activity relationships for their melanogenesis inhibition.
AID682409	Inhibition of tyrosinase in mouse B16F10 cells assessed as reduction of melanin production at 200 ug/ml after 72 hrs	2012	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry, Sep-15, Volume: 20, Issue:18	Synthesis, biological evaluation, and molecular docking of N-{3-[3-(9-methyl-9H-carbazol-3-yl)-acryloyl]-phenyl}-benzamide/amide derivatives as xanthine oxidase and tyrosinase inhibitors.
AID1366548	Inhibition of zebrafish embryo tyrosinase assessed as residual activity at 20 ug/ml after 48 hrs relative to control	2017	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry, 12-15, Volume: 25, Issue:24	Potent anti-melanogenic activity and favorable toxicity profile of selected 4-phenyl hydroxycoumarins in the zebrafish model and the computational molecular modeling studies.
AID1366458	Toxicity in wild type zebrafish embryos assessed as yolk edema at 500 ug/ml treated for 96 hrs post fertilization starting from 6 hrs post fertilization by inverted microscopic analysis relative to control	2017	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry, 12-15, Volume: 25, Issue:24	Potent anti-melanogenic activity and favorable toxicity profile of selected 4-phenyl hydroxycoumarins in the zebrafish model and the computational molecular modeling studies.
AID1303919	Inhibition of monophenolase activity of mushroom tyrosinase using L-tyrosine as substrate incubated for 10 mins by UV-Visible spectrophotometric analysis	2016	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters, 07-01, Volume: 26, Issue:13	Design and synthesis of novel hydroxypyridinone derivatives as potential tyrosinase inhibitors.
AID758099	Inhibition of mushroom tyrosinase using L-tyrosine as substrate assessed as amount of dopachrome produced after 30 mins by spectrophotometry	2013	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters, Jul-15, Volume: 23, Issue:14	De novo tyrosinase inhibitor: 4-(6,7-dihydro-5H-indeno[5,6-d]thiazol-2-yl)benzene-1,3-diol (MHY1556).
AID1366377	Toxicity in wild type zebrafish embryos assessed as normal embryo at 2500 ug/ml treated for 96 hrs post fertilization starting from 6 hrs post fertilization by inverted microscopic analysis relative to control	2017	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry, 12-15, Volume: 25, Issue:24	Potent anti-melanogenic activity and favorable toxicity profile of selected 4-phenyl hydroxycoumarins in the zebrafish model and the computational molecular modeling studies.
AID566699	Inhibition of mushroom tyrosinase at 1 mM after 10 mins	2011	Journal of medicinal chemistry, Jan-27, Volume: 54, Issue:2	Identifying chelators for metalloprotein inhibitors using a fragment-based approach.
AID462347	Inhibition of mushroom tyrosinase at 30 uM	2010	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry, Mar-15, Volume: 18, Issue:6	Melanogenesis inhibitors from the desert plant Anastatica hierochuntica in B16 melanoma cells.
AID1366432	Toxicity in wild type zebrafish embryos assessed as otoliths at 500 ug/ml treated for 96 hrs post fertilization starting from 6 hrs post fertilization by inverted microscopic analysis relative to control	2017	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry, 12-15, Volume: 25, Issue:24	Potent anti-melanogenic activity and favorable toxicity profile of selected 4-phenyl hydroxycoumarins in the zebrafish model and the computational molecular modeling studies.
AID1603429	Inhibition of monophenolase activity of mushroom tyrosinase assessed as inhibition constant for enzyme-substrate-inhibitor complex by measuring reduction in dopachrome formation using L-Tyrosine substrate by UV-Vis spectrophotometry	2019	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry, 06-15, Volume: 27, Issue:12	Tyrosinase inhibitory study of flavonolignans from the seeds of Silybum marianum (Milk thistle).
AID1366482	Toxicity in wild type zebrafish embryos assessed as blood circulation at 2000 ug/ml treated for 96 hrs post fertilization starting from 6 hrs post fertilization by inverted microscopic analysis relative to control	2017	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry, 12-15, Volume: 25, Issue:24	Potent anti-melanogenic activity and favorable toxicity profile of selected 4-phenyl hydroxycoumarins in the zebrafish model and the computational molecular modeling studies.
AID1594663	Inhibition of tyrosinase in alpha-MSH-stimulated mouse B16F10 cells assessed as reduction in melanin production at 25 uM incubated for 24 hrs relative to untreated control	2019	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry, 06-01, Volume: 27, Issue:11	Antioxidant, anti-tyrosinase and anti-melanogenic effects of (E)-2,3-diphenylacrylic acid derivatives.
AID755117	Competitive inhibition of pig kidney DAAO using D-Alanine as substrate by Michaelis-Menten plot analysis	2013	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters, Jul-01, Volume: 23, Issue:13	Synthesis of kojic acid derivatives as secondary binding site probes of D-amino acid oxidase.
AID1593917	Inhibition of mushroom tyrosinase assessed as reduction in dopachrome formation using L-DOPA as substrate preincubated for 20 mins followed by substrate addition by spectrophotometry	2019	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry, 06-15, Volume: 27, Issue:12	Veratric acid derivatives containing benzylidene-hydrazine moieties as promising tyrosinase inhibitors and free radical scavengers.
AID294152	Inhibition of diphenolase activity of mushroom tyrosinase at 0.047 mM	2007	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry, Apr-01, Volume: 15, Issue:7	Identification of tyrosinase inhibitors from Marrubium velutinum and Marrubium cylleneum.
AID1603428	Inhibition of monophenolase activity of mushroom tyrosinase assessed as inhibition constant for free enzyme-inhibitor complex by measuring reduction in dopachrome formation using L-Tyrosine substrate by UV-Vis spectrophotometry	2019	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry, 06-15, Volume: 27, Issue:12	Tyrosinase inhibitory study of flavonolignans from the seeds of Silybum marianum (Milk thistle).
AID1233234	Inhibition of mushroom tyrosinase using L-DOPA as substrate assessed as dopaquinone production after 5 mins by microplate reader analysis	2015	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters, Jul-01, Volume: 25, Issue:13	Inhibitors of melanogenesis in B16 melanoma 4A5 cells from flower buds of Lawsonia inermis (Henna).
AID746656	Competitive inhibition of mushroom tyrosinase diphenolase activity assessed as L-DOPA conversion to dopachrome by Lineweaver-Burk plot analysis	2013	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry, May-15, Volume: 21, Issue:10	Synthesis of new heterocyclic hybrids based on pyrazole and thiazolidinone scaffolds as potent inhibitors of tyrosinase.
AID1683460	Mixed inhibition of Tyrosinase (unknown origin) assessed as Michaelis-Menten constant at 6.4 uM using tyrosine as substrate incubated for 20 mins followed by substrate addition and measured every 10 mins for 30 mins by Lineweaver-Burk plot analysis (Rvb =	2021	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry, 01-01, Volume: 29	Xanthones for melanogenesis inhibition: Molecular docking and QSAR studies to understand their anti-tyrosinase activity.
AID1660186	Antimelanogenic activity against human HMVII cells assessed as melanin content in cell lysate at 100 uM relative to control	2020	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters, 07-01, Volume: 30, Issue:13	Identification of new arylsulfide derivatives as anti-melanogenic agents in a zebrafish model.
AID1428457	Inhibition of Acyrthosiphon pisum phenoloxidase using L-DOPA as substrate preincubated for 5 mins followed by substrate addition measured after 120 to 240 mins by spectrophotometric method	2016	Journal of natural products, Dec-23, Volume: 79, Issue:12	Antioxidant Flavonols and Phenolic Compounds from Atraphaxis frutescens and Their Inhibitory Activities against Insect Phenoloxidase and Mushroom Tyrosinase.
AID427671	Inhibition of mushroom tyrosinase activity after 90 mins by spectrophotometry	2009	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry, Jul-01, Volume: 17, Issue:13	Potential antioxidants and tyrosinase inhibitors from synthetic polyphenolic deoxybenzoins.
AID497831	Protection against fragile X syndrome phenotypes in laboratory prepared food feeded Fmr1 null mutant Drosophila Fmr1'3/TM6C assessed as homozygous Fmr1-/- embryo viability at 10 uM at 25 degC by flow cytometry relative to untreated homozygous embryos fed	2008	Nature chemical biology, Apr, Volume: 4, Issue:4	Identification of small molecules rescuing fragile X syndrome phenotypes in Drosophila.
AID1192855	Inhibition of mushroom tyrosinase using L-DOPA as substrate preincubated for 10 mins by spectrophotometry	2015	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry, Mar-01, Volume: 23, Issue:5	Rational design, synthesis and structure-activity relationships of 4-alkoxy- and 4-acyloxy-phenylethylenethiosemicarbazone analogues as novel tyrosinase inhibitors.
AID1064749	Competitive inhibition of mushroom tyrosinase using L-tyrosine as substrate preincubated for 10 mins with substrate followed by enzyme addition measured after 15 mins by Dixon plot analysis	2014	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry, Feb-01, Volume: 22, Issue:3	Inhibition of tyrosinase activity by polyphenol compounds from Flemingia philippinensis roots.
AID1603430	Inhibition of diphenolase activity of mushroom tyrosinase assessed as reduction in dopachrome formation using L-DOPA substrate by UV-Vis spectrophotometry	2019	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry, 06-15, Volume: 27, Issue:12	Tyrosinase inhibitory study of flavonolignans from the seeds of Silybum marianum (Milk thistle).
AID715002	Inhibition of mushroom tyrosinase using L-DOPA as substrate at 100 ug/ml after 10 mins	2012	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters, Sep-01, Volume: 22, Issue:17	Design, synthesis and molecular simulation studies of dihydrostilbene derivatives as potent tyrosinase inhibitors.
AID1366405	Toxicity in wild type zebrafish embryos assessed as notochord at 1000 ug/ml treated for 96 hrs post fertilization starting from 6 hrs post fertilization by inverted microscopic analysis relative to control	2017	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry, 12-15, Volume: 25, Issue:24	Potent anti-melanogenic activity and favorable toxicity profile of selected 4-phenyl hydroxycoumarins in the zebrafish model and the computational molecular modeling studies.
AID1181365	Inhibition of mushroom tyrosinase using L-DOPA as substrate by spectrophotometry relative to control	2014	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry, Aug-01, Volume: 22, Issue:15	Effect of p-aminophenols on tyrosinase activity.
AID1546412	Inhibition of mushroom tyrosinase assessed as reduction in dopachrome formation using L-DOPA as substrate preincubated for 10 mins followed by substrate addition and further incubated for 20 mins by microplate reader assay	2020	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters, 01-01, Volume: 30, Issue:1	Hydroxyl substituted benzoic acid/cinnamic acid derivatives: Tyrosinase inhibitory kinetics, anti-melanogenic activity and molecular docking studies.
AID1366558	Inhibition of zebrafish embryo tyrosinase assessed as residual activity after 48 hrs	2017	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry, 12-15, Volume: 25, Issue:24	Potent anti-melanogenic activity and favorable toxicity profile of selected 4-phenyl hydroxycoumarins in the zebrafish model and the computational molecular modeling studies.
AID682410	Cytotoxicity against mouse B16F10 cells assessed as cell viability at 200 ug/ml after 76 hrs by MTT assay	2012	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry, Sep-15, Volume: 20, Issue:18	Synthesis, biological evaluation, and molecular docking of N-{3-[3-(9-methyl-9H-carbazol-3-yl)-acryloyl]-phenyl}-benzamide/amide derivatives as xanthine oxidase and tyrosinase inhibitors.
AID1181357	Inhibition of mushroom tyrosinase using L-tyrosine as substrate at 50 uM by spectrophotometry relative to control	2014	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry, Aug-01, Volume: 22, Issue:15	Effect of p-aminophenols on tyrosinase activity.
AID1061776	Inhibition of mushroom tyrosinase using L-DOPA as substrate assessed as dopachrome formation after 5 mins by spectrophotometry	2014	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters, Jan-01, Volume: 24, Issue:1	Chemical synthesis and tyrosinase inhibitory activity of rhododendrol glycosides.
AID1366444	Toxicity in wild type zebrafish embryos assessed as pericardial edema at 1000 ug/ml treated for 96 hrs post fertilization starting from 6 hrs post fertilization by inverted microscopic analysis relative to control	2017	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry, 12-15, Volume: 25, Issue:24	Potent anti-melanogenic activity and favorable toxicity profile of selected 4-phenyl hydroxycoumarins in the zebrafish model and the computational molecular modeling studies.
AID1813164	Inhibition of melanin production in human A-375 cells assessed reduction in melanin level at 100 uM measured after 24 hrs by UV-visible absorption spectrophotometric method	2021	European journal of medicinal chemistry, Dec-15, Volume: 226	Design, synthesis and biological evaluation of tyrosinase-targeting PROTACs.
AID613824	Inhibition of diphenolase activity of mushroom tyrosinase using L-DOPA as substrate preincubated for 5 mins by spectroscopic method	2011	European journal of medicinal chemistry, Sep, Volume: 46, Issue:9	Refinement of arylthiosemicarbazone pharmacophore in inhibition of mushroom tyrosinase.
AID1428456	Antioxidant activity assessed as DPPH radical scavenging activity incubated for 30 mins	2016	Journal of natural products, Dec-23, Volume: 79, Issue:12	Antioxidant Flavonols and Phenolic Compounds from Atraphaxis frutescens and Their Inhibitory Activities against Insect Phenoloxidase and Mushroom Tyrosinase.
AID662538	Inhibition of mushroom tyrosinase using L-tyrosine as substrate after 20 mins by spectrophotometry	2012	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters, Jun-15, Volume: 22, Issue:12	Depigmenting activities of kojic acid derivatives without tyrosinase inhibitory activities.
AID1709240	Inhibition of mushroom tyrosinase using L-DOPA as substrate preincubated for 20 mins followed by substrate addition and measured after 10 mins	2021	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry, 04-15, Volume: 36	The natural-based optimization of kojic acid conjugated to different thio-quinazolinones as potential anti-melanogenesis agents with tyrosinase inhibitory activity.
AID1754591	Inhibition of mushroom tyrosinase using L-DOPA as substrate	2021	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry, 07-01, Volume: 41	Novel 1,3,4-oxadiazole compounds inhibit the tyrosinase and melanin level: Synthesis, in-vitro, and in-silico studies.
AID263689	Inhibitory activity against tyrosinase at 700uM	2006	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters, Apr-15, Volume: 16, Issue:8	Analogues of N-hydroxycinnamoylphenalkylamides as inhibitors of human melanocyte-tyrosinase.
AID397011	Antifungal activity against Candida albicans PTCC 5027 after 48 hrs by microplate alamar blue assay	2009	European journal of medicinal chemistry, May, Volume: 44, Issue:5	Synthesis, antimicrobial evaluation and QSAR study of some 3-hydroxypyridine-4-one and 3-hydroxypyran-4-one derivatives.
AID1530290	Antimelanogenic activity in alpha-MSH-stimulated mouse B16F10 cells assessed as reduction in melanin content at 25 uM treated at 24 hrs post alpha-MSH stimulation and measured after 24 hrs relative to control	2019	European journal of medicinal chemistry, Jan-01, Volume: 161	Synthesis of cinnamic amide derivatives and their anti-melanogenic effect in α-MSH-stimulated B16F10 melanoma cells.
AID1325100	Inhibition of mushroom tyrosinase activity using L-DOPA as substrate at 30 uM after 30 mins	2016	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry, 12-01, Volume: 24, Issue:23	Melanogenesis inhibitory activity of a 7-O-9'-linked neolignan from Alpinia galanga fruit.
AID450481	Inhibition of mushroom tyrosinase at 30 uM	2009	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry, Aug-15, Volume: 17, Issue:16	Melanogenesis inhibitors from the rhizomes of Alpinia officinarum in B16 melanoma cells.
AID1253936	Cytotoxicity against mouse B16F10 cells assessed as cell viability at 200 ug/ml incubated for 72 hrs by MTT assay	2015	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry, Nov-01, Volume: 23, Issue:21	Synthesis of novel compounds containing morpholine and 5(4H)-oxazolone rings as potent tyrosinase inhibitors.
AID1154176	Inhibition of mushroom tyrosinase diphenolase activity using L-DOPA as substrate assessed as formation of DOPAchrome preincubated for 10 mins followed by substrate addition measured for 1 min	2014	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry, Jul-01, Volume: 22, Issue:13	Design, synthesis and biological evaluation of hydroxy- or methoxy-substituted 5-benzylidene(thio) barbiturates as novel tyrosinase inhibitors.
AID654754	Cytotoxicity in mouse B16 cells assessed as cell viability at 10 uM after 72 hrs	2012	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters, Mar-01, Volume: 22, Issue:5	Adamantyl N-benzylbenzamide: new series of depigmentation agents with tyrosinase inhibitory activity.
AID1588999	Inhibition of tyrosinase in alpha-MSH-stimulated mouse B16F10 cells at 25 uM incubated for 24 hrs by by microplate reader based assay	2019	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry, 09-01, Volume: 27, Issue:17	Inhibitory effects of N-(acryloyl)benzamide derivatives on tyrosinase and melanogenesis.
AID1303931	Copper chelating activity in pH 5 copper sulfate solution at 3.81 mM after 10 mins by tetramethylmurexide dye based assay relative to control	2016	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters, 07-01, Volume: 26, Issue:13	Design and synthesis of novel hydroxypyridinone derivatives as potential tyrosinase inhibitors.
AID740436	Inhibition of melanin production in mouse B16F10 cells at 200 ug/ml after 72 hrs	2013	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry, Apr-01, Volume: 21, Issue:7	Synthesis of novel azo compounds containing 5(4H)-oxazolone ring as potent tyrosinase inhibitors.
AID1366346	Cytotoxicity against wild type zebrafish embryo melanocytes assessed as barely visible cells at 12.5 ug/ml treated for 72 hrs post fertilization starting from 6 to 24 hrs post fertilization	2017	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry, 12-15, Volume: 25, Issue:24	Potent anti-melanogenic activity and favorable toxicity profile of selected 4-phenyl hydroxycoumarins in the zebrafish model and the computational molecular modeling studies.
AID1603433	Inhibition of diphenolase activity of mushroom tyrosinase assessed as inhibition constant for free enzyme-inhibitor complex by measuring reduction in dopachrome formation using L-DOPA substrate by UV-Vis spectrophotometry	2019	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry, 06-15, Volume: 27, Issue:12	Tyrosinase inhibitory study of flavonolignans from the seeds of Silybum marianum (Milk thistle).
AID215968	Inhibitory activity against mushroom tyrosinase (approximate value given)	2003	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters, Jul-21, Volume: 13, Issue:14	Identification of oxidation product of arbutin in mushroom tyrosinase assay system.
AID1269169	Competitive inhibition of monophenolase activity of mushroom tyrosinase using L-tyrosine as substrate preincubated for 5 to 60 mins by Lineweaver-Burk and Dixon plot analysis	2016	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry, Jan-15, Volume: 24, Issue:2	Highly potent tyrosinase inhibitor, neorauflavane from Campylotropis hirtella and inhibitory mechanism with molecular docking.
AID1713542	Inhibition of tyrosinase in mouse B16-F10 cells using L-DOPA as substrate incubated for 30 mins followed by substrate addition and measured after 40 mins	2016	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry, 11-15, Volume: 24, Issue:22	ArgTX-636, a polyamine isolated from spider venom: A novel class of melanogenesis inhibitors.
AID1434252	Inhibition of mushroom tyrosinase using L-tyrosine as substrate measured after 20 mins	2017	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters, 02-01, Volume: 27, Issue:3	Synthesis and biological evaluation of novel hydroxybenzaldehyde-based kojic acid analogues as inhibitors of mushroom tyrosinase.
AID1303932	Copper chelating activity in pH 7.4 copper sulfate solution at 3.81 mM after 10 mins by tetramethylmurexide dye based assay relative to control	2016	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters, 07-01, Volume: 26, Issue:13	Design and synthesis of novel hydroxypyridinone derivatives as potential tyrosinase inhibitors.
AID1366520	Toxicity in wild type zebrafish embryos assessed as skeletal deformities at 2500 ug/ml treated for 96 hrs post fertilization starting from 6 hrs post fertilization by inverted microscopic analysis relative to control	2017	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry, 12-15, Volume: 25, Issue:24	Potent anti-melanogenic activity and favorable toxicity profile of selected 4-phenyl hydroxycoumarins in the zebrafish model and the computational molecular modeling studies.
AID460789	Inhibition of alpha-MSH-induced melanin production in mouse B16 cells after 72 hrs	2010	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry, Feb, Volume: 18, Issue:3	Inhibitory effect of novel tetrahydropyrimidine-2(1H)-thiones on melanogenesis.
AID1257133	Inhibition of mushroom tyrosinase diphenolase activity using L-DOPA as substrate at 50 uM	2015	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters, Dec-01, Volume: 25, Issue:23	Inhibitory kinetics of novel 2,3-dihydro-1H-inden-1-one chalcone-like derivatives on mushroom tyrosinase.
AID1366403	Toxicity in wild type zebrafish embryos assessed as notochord at 2500 ug/ml treated for 96 hrs post fertilization starting from 6 hrs post fertilization by inverted microscopic analysis relative to control	2017	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry, 12-15, Volume: 25, Issue:24	Potent anti-melanogenic activity and favorable toxicity profile of selected 4-phenyl hydroxycoumarins in the zebrafish model and the computational molecular modeling studies.
AID1338607	Inhibition of mushroom tyrosinase diphenolase activity using L-DOPA as substrate measured after 5 mins	2017	European journal of medicinal chemistry, Jan-05, Volume: 125	Chemical exploration of 4-(4-fluorobenzyl)piperidine fragment for the development of new tyrosinase inhibitors.
AID1514344	Inhibition of mushroom tyrosinase using L-tyrosine as substrate measured after 20 mins by spectrophotometric method	2019	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters, 01-01, Volume: 29, Issue:1	Synthesis and tyrosinase inhibitory activities of 4-oxobutanoate derivatives of carvacrol and thymol.
AID635124	Antioxidant activity assessed as DPPH radical scavenging activity after 30 mins	2011	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters, Dec-15, Volume: 21, Issue:24	Inhibitory activity of novel kojic acid derivative containing trolox moiety on melanogenesis.
AID1366539	Inhibition of zebrafish embryo tyrosinase assessed as melanin production at 15 ug/ml after 48 hrs relative to control	2017	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry, 12-15, Volume: 25, Issue:24	Potent anti-melanogenic activity and favorable toxicity profile of selected 4-phenyl hydroxycoumarins in the zebrafish model and the computational molecular modeling studies.
AID1167965	Competitive inhibition of tyrosinase in human G-361 cells incubated for 10 mins measured for 2 hrs by MBTH-based spectrophotometry	2014	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry, Nov-01, Volume: 22, Issue:21	Structure-activity relationships of the thujaplicins for inhibition of human tyrosinase.
AID1366364	Toxicity in wild type zebrafish embryos assessed as teratogenic embryo at 2500 ug/ml treated for 96 hrs post fertilization starting from 6 hrs post fertilization by inverted microscopic analysis relative to control	2017	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry, 12-15, Volume: 25, Issue:24	Potent anti-melanogenic activity and favorable toxicity profile of selected 4-phenyl hydroxycoumarins in the zebrafish model and the computational molecular modeling studies.
AID410475	Cytotoxicity against mouse B16F10 cells at 200 ug/ml after 72 hrs by MTT assay	2009	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters, Jan-01, Volume: 19, Issue:1	Synthesis of tyrosinase inhibitory (4-oxo-4H-pyran-2-yl)acrylic acid ester derivatives.
AID447578	Inhibition of HDAC in human Hela cells nuclear extracts assessed as residual activity at 500 uM by fluorimetric assay	2009	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry, Jul-15, Volume: 17, Issue:14	Molecular modifications on carboxylic acid derivatives as potent histone deacetylase inhibitors: Activity and docking studies.
AID158873	In vitro antimalarial activity against Plasmodium falciparum	1995	Journal of medicinal chemistry, Jun-23, Volume: 38, Issue:13	Mechanism-based development of new antimalarials: synthesis of derivatives of artemisinin attached to iron chelators.
AID1366390	Toxicity in wild type zebrafish embryos assessed as growth retardation at 2500 ug/ml treated for 96 hrs post fertilization starting from 6 hrs post fertilization by inverted microscopic analysis relative to control	2017	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry, 12-15, Volume: 25, Issue:24	Potent anti-melanogenic activity and favorable toxicity profile of selected 4-phenyl hydroxycoumarins in the zebrafish model and the computational molecular modeling studies.
AID1891152	Inhibition of tyrosinase (unknown origin) using L-DOPA as substrate incubated for 10 mins	2022	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters, 06-01, Volume: 65	Polyphenolic compounds: Synthesis, assessment of antimicrobial effect and enzymes inhibition against important medicinal enzymes with computational details.
AID646396	Inhibition of mushroom tyrosinase assessed as oxidation of L-dopa by spectrophotometric analysis	2012	Journal of natural products, Jan-27, Volume: 75, Issue:1	2-Arylbenzofuran, flavonoid, and tyrosinase inhibitory constituents of Morus yunnanensis.
AID1272954	Inhibition of mushroom tyrosinase using L-tyrosine as substrate measured every 1 min for 20 mins by spectrophotometric assay	2016	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters, Feb-01, Volume: 26, Issue:3	Identification of six new lupane-type triterpenoids from Acanthopanax koreanum leaves and their tyrosinase inhibitory activities.
AID1233232	Inhibition of mushroom tyrosinase using L-DOPA as substrate assessed as dopaquinone production at 10 uM after 5 mins by microplate reader analysis relative to control	2015	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters, Jul-01, Volume: 25, Issue:13	Inhibitors of melanogenesis in B16 melanoma 4A5 cells from flower buds of Lawsonia inermis (Henna).
AID1366498	Toxicity in wild type zebrafish embryos assessed as unhatched embryo at 100 ug/ml treated for 96 hrs post fertilization starting from 6 hrs post fertilization by inverted microscopic analysis relative to control	2017	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry, 12-15, Volume: 25, Issue:24	Potent anti-melanogenic activity and favorable toxicity profile of selected 4-phenyl hydroxycoumarins in the zebrafish model and the computational molecular modeling studies.
AID635125	Depigmentation activity in mouse Melan-a cells assessed as inhibition of melanin formation after 4 days	2011	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters, Dec-15, Volume: 21, Issue:24	Inhibitory activity of novel kojic acid derivative containing trolox moiety on melanogenesis.
AID1588410	Inhibition of tyrosinase in mouse B16F0 cells at 10 uM using L-DOPA as substrate by UV-Visible spectrophotometric analysis relative to control	2019	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry, 08-15, Volume: 27, Issue:16	Melanogenic inhibitory effects of Triangularin in B16F0 melanoma cells, in vitro and molecular docking studies.
AID977599	Inhibition of sodium fluorescein uptake in OATP1B1-transfected CHO cells at an equimolar substrate-inhibitor concentration of 10 uM	2013	Molecular pharmacology, Jun, Volume: 83, Issue:6	Structure-based identification of OATP1B1/3 inhibitors.
AID478728	Reduction of pigmentation in UV-induced hyperpigmentation brown guinea pig model at 1% applied topically bid for 4 weeks	2010	European journal of medicinal chemistry, May, Volume: 45, Issue:5	Evaluation of anti-pigmentary effect of synthetic sulfonylamino chalcone.
AID429251	Antioxidant activity assessed as DPPH free radical scavenging activity after 30 mins	2009	European journal of medicinal chemistry, Aug, Volume: 44, Issue:8	Synthesis and biological evaluation of curcumin-like diarylpentanoid analogues for anti-inflammatory, antioxidant and anti-tyrosinase activities.
AID1366496	Toxicity in wild type zebrafish embryos assessed as unhatched embryo at 1000 ug/ml treated for 96 hrs post fertilization starting from 6 hrs post fertilization by inverted microscopic analysis relative to control	2017	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry, 12-15, Volume: 25, Issue:24	Potent anti-melanogenic activity and favorable toxicity profile of selected 4-phenyl hydroxycoumarins in the zebrafish model and the computational molecular modeling studies.
AID682404	Inhibition of mushroom tyrosinase using L-tyrosine as substrate after 5 mins by UV-spectrophotometric analysis	2012	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry, Sep-15, Volume: 20, Issue:18	Synthesis, biological evaluation, and molecular docking of N-{3-[3-(9-methyl-9H-carbazol-3-yl)-acryloyl]-phenyl}-benzamide/amide derivatives as xanthine oxidase and tyrosinase inhibitors.
AID590195	Inhibition of mushroom tyrosinase after 25 mins by spectrophotometry	2011	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters, Apr-01, Volume: 21, Issue:7	Synthesis and structure-activity relationships of phenylpropanoid amides of serotonin on tyrosinase inhibition.
AID1303926	Copper reducing activity in 0.4 mM cupric sulfate solution assessed as cuprous ion formation up to 0.3 mM after 10 mins by bathocuproinedisulfonic acid dye based spectrophotometric analysis	2016	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters, 07-01, Volume: 26, Issue:13	Design and synthesis of novel hydroxypyridinone derivatives as potential tyrosinase inhibitors.
AID450480	Inhibition of mushroom tyrosinase at 10 uM	2009	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry, Aug-15, Volume: 17, Issue:16	Melanogenesis inhibitors from the rhizomes of Alpinia officinarum in B16 melanoma cells.
AID566706	Inhibition of human recombinant MMP9 at 1 mM after 30 mins	2011	Journal of medicinal chemistry, Jan-27, Volume: 54, Issue:2	Identifying chelators for metalloprotein inhibitors using a fragment-based approach.
AID1366457	Toxicity in wild type zebrafish embryos assessed as yolk edema at 1000 ug/ml treated for 96 hrs post fertilization starting from 6 hrs post fertilization by inverted microscopic analysis relative to control	2017	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry, 12-15, Volume: 25, Issue:24	Potent anti-melanogenic activity and favorable toxicity profile of selected 4-phenyl hydroxycoumarins in the zebrafish model and the computational molecular modeling studies.
AID1256363	Inhibition of diphenolase activity of mushroom tyrosinase using L-DOPA as substrate assessed as formation of the DOPA chrome preincubated for 10 mins followed by substrate addition measured for 1 min by spectrophotometric analysis	2015	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters, Nov-15, Volume: 25, Issue:22	Design and synthesis of aloe-emodin derivatives as potent anti-tyrosinase, antibacterial and anti-inflammatory agents.
AID410471	Inhibition of melanin production in mouse B16F10 cells at 200 ug/ml after 72 hrs relative to control	2009	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters, Jan-01, Volume: 19, Issue:1	Synthesis of tyrosinase inhibitory (4-oxo-4H-pyran-2-yl)acrylic acid ester derivatives.
AID1396235	Antimelanogenic activity in mouse B16F10 cells assessed as inhibition of alpha-MSH-stimulated melanin synthesis at 25 uM measured after 24 hrs by ELISA	2018	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry, 08-07, Volume: 26, Issue:14	The tyrosinase inhibitory effects of isoxazolone derivatives with a (Z)-β-phenyl-α, β-unsaturated carbonyl scaffold.
AID1366431	Toxicity in wild type zebrafish embryos assessed as otoliths at 1000 ug/ml treated for 96 hrs post fertilization starting from 6 hrs post fertilization by inverted microscopic analysis relative to control	2017	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry, 12-15, Volume: 25, Issue:24	Potent anti-melanogenic activity and favorable toxicity profile of selected 4-phenyl hydroxycoumarins in the zebrafish model and the computational molecular modeling studies.
AID635123	Inhibition of mushroom tyrosinase activity using L-tyrosin as substrate after 20 mins	2011	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters, Dec-15, Volume: 21, Issue:24	Inhibitory activity of novel kojic acid derivative containing trolox moiety on melanogenesis.
AID1760266	Cytotoxicity against mouse B16-F10 cells assessed as reduction in cell viability by MTT assay	2020	European journal of medicinal chemistry, Sep-01, Volume: 201	Kojic acid-natural product conjugates as mushroom tyrosinase inhibitors.
AID1366433	Toxicity in wild type zebrafish embryos assessed as otoliths at 100 ug/ml treated for 96 hrs post fertilization starting from 6 hrs post fertilization by inverted microscopic analysis relative to control	2017	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry, 12-15, Volume: 25, Issue:24	Potent anti-melanogenic activity and favorable toxicity profile of selected 4-phenyl hydroxycoumarins in the zebrafish model and the computational molecular modeling studies.
AID336442	Inhibition of mushroom tyrosinase	2002	Journal of natural products, Oct, Volume: 65, Issue:10	Constituents of the stigmas of Crocus sativus and their tyrosinase inhibitory activity.
AID1683471	Mixed inhibition of Tyrosinase (unknown origin) assessed as maximal velocity at 12.8 uM using tyrosine as substrate incubated for 20 mins followed by substrate addition and measured every 10 mins for 30 mins by Lineweaver-Burk plot analysis (Rvb = 0.0042	2021	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry, 01-01, Volume: 29	Xanthones for melanogenesis inhibition: Molecular docking and QSAR studies to understand their anti-tyrosinase activity.
AID400523	Inhibition of mushroom tyrosinase at 83.3 uM/mL by spectrophotometry	2004	Journal of natural products, Mar, Volume: 67, Issue:3	Antityrosinase principles and constituents of the petals of Crocus sativus.
AID1366367	Toxicity in wild type zebrafish embryos assessed as teratogenic embryo at 500 ug/ml treated for 96 hrs post fertilization starting from 6 hrs post fertilization by inverted microscopic analysis relative to control	2017	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry, 12-15, Volume: 25, Issue:24	Potent anti-melanogenic activity and favorable toxicity profile of selected 4-phenyl hydroxycoumarins in the zebrafish model and the computational molecular modeling studies.
AID1263156	Inhibition of mushroom tyrosinase using L-tyrosine as substrate assessed as dopachrome production at 25 uM after 30 mins	2015	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry, 12-15, Volume: 23, Issue:24	(E)-2-Cyano-3-(substituted phenyl)acrylamide analogs as potent inhibitors of tyrosinase: A linear β-phenyl-α,β-unsaturated carbonyl scaffold.
AID1366476	Toxicity in wild type zebrafish embryos assessed as blood circulation at 25 ug/ml treated for 96 hrs post fertilization starting from 6 hrs post fertilization by inverted microscopic analysis relative to control	2017	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry, 12-15, Volume: 25, Issue:24	Potent anti-melanogenic activity and favorable toxicity profile of selected 4-phenyl hydroxycoumarins in the zebrafish model and the computational molecular modeling studies.
AID436179	Inhibition of mushroom tyrosinase after 30 mins	2008	Journal of natural products, Nov, Volume: 71, Issue:11	Antityrosinase and antioxidant effects of ent-kaurane diterpenes from leaves of Broussonetia papyrifera.
AID1530282	Inhibition of mushroom tyrosinase at 25 uM using L-tyrosine as substrate incubated for 30 mins by spectrophotometric method relative to control	2019	European journal of medicinal chemistry, Jan-01, Volume: 161	Synthesis of cinnamic amide derivatives and their anti-melanogenic effect in α-MSH-stimulated B16F10 melanoma cells.
AID1713547	Reduction in alpha-MSH-induced TRP-1 expression in mouse B16-F10 cells at 250 uM incubated for 48 hrs by Western blot analysis	2016	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry, 11-15, Volume: 24, Issue:22	ArgTX-636, a polyamine isolated from spider venom: A novel class of melanogenesis inhibitors.
AID1656939	Inhibition of mushroom tyrosinase using L-DOPA as substrate
AID1730942	Inhibition of mushroom tyrosinase using PNP-G as substrate at 50 nM relative to control	2021	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters, 03-15, Volume: 36	Thiosemicarbazide binds with the dicopper center in the competitive inhibition of mushroom tyrosinase enzyme: Synthesis and molecular modeling of theophylline analogues.
AID1434253	Inhibition of mushroom tyrosinase diphenolase activity assessed as reduction in dopachrome formation using L-DOPA as substrate preincubated for 20 mins followed by substrate addition measured for 1 min	2017	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters, 02-01, Volume: 27, Issue:3	Synthesis and biological evaluation of novel hydroxybenzaldehyde-based kojic acid analogues as inhibitors of mushroom tyrosinase.
AID1366543	Inhibition of zebrafish embryo tyrosinase assessed as melanin production at 2500 ug/ml after 48 hrs relative to control	2017	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry, 12-15, Volume: 25, Issue:24	Potent anti-melanogenic activity and favorable toxicity profile of selected 4-phenyl hydroxycoumarins in the zebrafish model and the computational molecular modeling studies.
AID1418651	Inhibition of mushroom tyrosinase at 25 uM using L-tyrosinase as substrate measured after 30 mins	2018	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry, 11-15, Volume: 26, Issue:21	Design, synthesis and anti-melanogenic effect of cinnamamide derivatives.
AID1366530	Cytotoxicity against mpx:GFP transgenic zebrafish 24 hrs post fertilization embryo neutrophils assessed as loss in neutrophil at 25 ug/ml relative to control	2017	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry, 12-15, Volume: 25, Issue:24	Potent anti-melanogenic activity and favorable toxicity profile of selected 4-phenyl hydroxycoumarins in the zebrafish model and the computational molecular modeling studies.
AID1366418	Toxicity in wild type zebrafish embryos assessed as eyes at 1000 ug/ml treated for 96 hrs post fertilization starting from 6 hrs post fertilization by inverted microscopic analysis relative to control	2017	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry, 12-15, Volume: 25, Issue:24	Potent anti-melanogenic activity and favorable toxicity profile of selected 4-phenyl hydroxycoumarins in the zebrafish model and the computational molecular modeling studies.
AID1331360	Inhibition of tyrosinase in human MNT1 cell lysate pretreated prior to addition of L-DOPA as substrate measured after 3 hrs	2017	ACS medicinal chemistry letters, Jan-12, Volume: 8, Issue:1	2-Hydroxypyridine-
AID538835	Inhibition of mushroom tyrosinase at 0.03 mM	2010	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters, Dec-15, Volume: 20, Issue:24	A novel ring-expanded product with enhanced tyrosinase inhibitory activity from classical Fe-catalyzed oxidation of rosmarinic acid, a potent antioxidative Lamiaceae polyphenol.
AID1366442	Toxicity in wild type zebrafish embryos assessed as pericardial edema at 2500 ug/ml treated for 96 hrs post fertilization starting from 6 hrs post fertilization by inverted microscopic analysis relative to control	2017	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry, 12-15, Volume: 25, Issue:24	Potent anti-melanogenic activity and favorable toxicity profile of selected 4-phenyl hydroxycoumarins in the zebrafish model and the computational molecular modeling studies.
AID654752	Antimelanogenic activity in mouse B16 cells assessed as inhibition of melanogenesis	2012	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters, Mar-01, Volume: 22, Issue:5	Adamantyl N-benzylbenzamide: new series of depigmentation agents with tyrosinase inhibitory activity.
AID1603431	Mixed type inhibition of diphenolase activity of mushroom tyrosinase assessed as reduction in dopachrome formation using L-DOPA substrate by UV-Vis spectrophotometry based Dixon plot analysis	2019	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry, 06-15, Volume: 27, Issue:12	Tyrosinase inhibitory study of flavonolignans from the seeds of Silybum marianum (Milk thistle).
AID478539	Inhibition of monophenolase activity of mushroom tyrosinase using as L-tyrosine substrate by spectrophotometric analysis	2010	European journal of medicinal chemistry, May, Volume: 45, Issue:5	Evaluation of anti-pigmentary effect of synthetic sulfonylamino chalcone.
AID1503161	Inhibition of mushroom tyrosinase at 0.07 mM using L-DOPA as substrate after 5 mins by spectrophotometric analysis relative to control	2017	Journal of natural products, 10-27, Volume: 80, Issue:10	Lorneic Acid Analogues from an Endophytic Actinomycete.
AID1366366	Toxicity in wild type zebrafish embryos assessed as teratogenic embryo at 1000 ug/ml treated for 96 hrs post fertilization starting from 6 hrs post fertilization by inverted microscopic analysis relative to control	2017	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry, 12-15, Volume: 25, Issue:24	Potent anti-melanogenic activity and favorable toxicity profile of selected 4-phenyl hydroxycoumarins in the zebrafish model and the computational molecular modeling studies.
AID411500	Inhibition of mushroom tyrosine kinase assessed as oxidation of 0.25 mM L-3,4-dihydroxyphenylalanine	2009	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters, Jan-01, Volume: 19, Issue:1	PEG-immobilization of cardol and soluble polymer-supported synthesis of some cardol-coumarin derivatives: preliminary evaluation of their inhibitory activity on mushroom tyrosinase.
AID410476	Cytotoxicity against mouse B16F10 cells at 400 ug/ml after 72 hrs by MTT assay	2009	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters, Jan-01, Volume: 19, Issue:1	Synthesis of tyrosinase inhibitory (4-oxo-4H-pyran-2-yl)acrylic acid ester derivatives.
AID1366483	Toxicity in wild type zebrafish embryos assessed as blood circulation at 1000 ug/ml treated for 96 hrs post fertilization starting from 6 hrs post fertilization by inverted microscopic analysis relative to control	2017	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry, 12-15, Volume: 25, Issue:24	Potent anti-melanogenic activity and favorable toxicity profile of selected 4-phenyl hydroxycoumarins in the zebrafish model and the computational molecular modeling studies.
AID1366359	Toxicity in wild type zebrafish embryos assessed as teratogenic embryo at 25 ug/ml treated for 96 hrs post fertilization starting from 6 hrs post fertilization by inverted microscopic analysis relative to control	2017	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry, 12-15, Volume: 25, Issue:24	Potent anti-melanogenic activity and favorable toxicity profile of selected 4-phenyl hydroxycoumarins in the zebrafish model and the computational molecular modeling studies.
AID1713991	Inhibition of monophenolase activity of mushroom tyrosinase using L-Tyrosine substrate incubated for 5 mins followed by substrate addition and measured for 30 mins by colorimetry
AID428337	Cytotoxicity against mouse B16 cells assessed as cell viability at 200 uM after 2 days by tetrazolium reduction assay	2009	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters, Aug-01, Volume: 19, Issue:15	N-[(Dihydroxyphenyl)acyl]serotonins as potent inhibitors of tyrosinase from mouse and human melanoma cells.
AID589514	Inhibition of mushroom tyrosinase at 0.31 uM using L-tyrosine as a substrate	2011	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters, Apr-15, Volume: 21, Issue:8	Synthesis and biological activity of hydroxy substituted phenyl-benzo[d]thiazole analogues for antityrosinase activity in B16 cells.
AID1288139	Inhibition of diphenolase activity of mushroom tyrosinase at 75 uM preincubated for 10 mins followed by addition of L-DOPA measured for 5 mins by spectrophotometry relative to control	2016	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry, Apr-15, Volume: 24, Issue:8	Design and synthesis of thiourea derivatives with sulfur-containing heterocyclic scaffolds as potential tyrosinase inhibitors.
AID356429	Inhibition of tyrosinase	2003	Journal of natural products, Sep, Volume: 66, Issue:9	Constituents from the leaves of Phellodendron amurense var. wilsonii and their bioactivity.
AID977602	Inhibition of sodium fluorescein uptake in OATP1B3-transfected CHO cells at an equimolar substrate-inhibitor concentration of 10 uM	2013	Molecular pharmacology, Jun, Volume: 83, Issue:6	Structure-based identification of OATP1B1/3 inhibitors.
AID1717719	Inhibition of mushroom tyrosinase	2020	Journal of medicinal chemistry, 11-25, Volume: 63, Issue:22	Advances in the Design of Genuine Human Tyrosinase Inhibitors for Targeting Melanogenesis and Related Pigmentations.
AID670042	Inhibition of mushroom tyrosinase activity using L-tyrosine as substrate after 30 mins by spectrophotometric analysis	2012	European journal of medicinal chemistry, Mar, Volume: 49	Design and synthesis of 5-(substituted benzylidene)thiazolidine-2,4-dione derivatives as novel tyrosinase inhibitors.
AID1331359	Inhibition of recombinant human tyrosinase expressed in baculovirus infected Sf9 cells assessed as diphenolase activity using L-DOPA as substrate by UV-vis spectrophotometry	2017	ACS medicinal chemistry letters, Jan-12, Volume: 8, Issue:1	2-Hydroxypyridine-
AID1879180	Acute toxicity in zebra fish embryos assessed as lack of heart beat at 50 to 200 uM measured after 24 to 48 hrs by stereomicroscope analysis	2022	European journal of medicinal chemistry, Mar-05, Volume: 231	Cinnamic acid derivatives linked to arylpiperazines as novel potent inhibitors of tyrosinase activity and melanin synthesis.
AID428347	Inhibition of mushroom tyrosinase assessed as dopachrome formation at 100 uM relative to control	2009	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters, Aug-01, Volume: 19, Issue:15	N-[(Dihydroxyphenyl)acyl]serotonins as potent inhibitors of tyrosinase from mouse and human melanoma cells.
AID1366429	Toxicity in wild type zebrafish embryos assessed as otoliths at 2500 ug/ml treated for 96 hrs post fertilization starting from 6 hrs post fertilization by inverted microscopic analysis relative to control	2017	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry, 12-15, Volume: 25, Issue:24	Potent anti-melanogenic activity and favorable toxicity profile of selected 4-phenyl hydroxycoumarins in the zebrafish model and the computational molecular modeling studies.
AID1571719	Inhibition of mushroom tyrosinase monophenolase activity using L-tyrosine as substrate	2019	MedChemComm, Mar-01, Volume: 10, Issue:3	Thiosemicarbazones with tyrosinase inhibitory activity.
AID1879183	Acute toxicity in zebra fish embryos assessed as coagulation of fertilized eggs measured at 50 to 200 uM measured after 24 to 48 hrs by stereomicroscope analysis	2022	European journal of medicinal chemistry, Mar-05, Volume: 231	Cinnamic acid derivatives linked to arylpiperazines as novel potent inhibitors of tyrosinase activity and melanin synthesis.
AID400522	Inhibition of mushroom tyrosinase at 166.7 uM/mL by spectrophotometry	2004	Journal of natural products, Mar, Volume: 67, Issue:3	Antityrosinase principles and constituents of the petals of Crocus sativus.
AID657025	Inhibition of alpha-MSH-stimulated melanogenesis in mouse B16 cells assessed as melanin release after 72 hrs	2012	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters, Apr-15, Volume: 22, Issue:8	Melanogenesis inhibitory bisabolane-type sesquiterpenoids from the roots of Angelica koreana.
AID427672	Inhibition of mushroom tyrosinase activity after 150 mins by spectrophotometry	2009	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry, Jul-01, Volume: 17, Issue:13	Potential antioxidants and tyrosinase inhibitors from synthetic polyphenolic deoxybenzoins.
AID1594657	Inhibition of mushroom tyrosinase at 25 uM using L-tyrosine as substrate incubated for 30 mins relative to untreated control	2019	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry, 06-01, Volume: 27, Issue:11	Antioxidant, anti-tyrosinase and anti-melanogenic effects of (E)-2,3-diphenylacrylic acid derivatives.
AID654750	Inhibition of mushroom tyrosinase	2012	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters, Mar-01, Volume: 22, Issue:5	Adamantyl N-benzylbenzamide: new series of depigmentation agents with tyrosinase inhibitory activity.
AID758108	Inhibition of mushroom tyrosinase using L-tyrosine as substrate assessed as amount of dopachrome produced at 30 uM after 30 mins by spectrophotometry	2013	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters, Jul-15, Volume: 23, Issue:14	De novo tyrosinase inhibitor: 4-(6,7-dihydro-5H-indeno[5,6-d]thiazol-2-yl)benzene-1,3-diol (MHY1556).
AID589515	Inhibition of mushroom tyrosinase at 20 uM using L-tyrosine as a substrate	2011	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters, Apr-15, Volume: 21, Issue:8	Synthesis and biological activity of hydroxy substituted phenyl-benzo[d]thiazole analogues for antityrosinase activity in B16 cells.
AID1588425	Inhibition of intracellular tyrosinase in mouse B16F0 cells at 2000 uM using L-DOPA as substrate preincubated with compound followed by substrate addition and measured after 20 mins by UV-Visible spectrophotometric analysis relative to control	2019	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry, 08-15, Volume: 27, Issue:16	Melanogenic inhibitory effects of Triangularin in B16F0 melanoma cells, in vitro and molecular docking studies.
AID467606	Inhibition of mushroom tyrosinase after 10 mins by spectrophotometry	2009	Journal of natural products, Jun, Volume: 72, Issue:6	Tyrosinase-inhibitory constituents from the twigs of Cinnamomum cassia.
AID1325096	Inhibition of mushroom tyrosinase activity using L-DOPA as substrate at 100 uM after 30 mins	2016	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry, 12-01, Volume: 24, Issue:23	Melanogenesis inhibitory activity of a 7-O-9'-linked neolignan from Alpinia galanga fruit.
AID655298	Inhibition of mushroom tyrosinase	2012	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters, Mar-01, Volume: 22, Issue:5	Depigmenting activity of new kojic acid derivative obtained as a side product in the synthesis of cinnamate of kojic acid.
AID1366471	Toxicity in wild type zebrafish embryos assessed as heart beat at 500 ug/ml treated for 96 hrs post fertilization starting from 6 hrs post fertilization by inverted microscopic analysis relative to control	2017	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry, 12-15, Volume: 25, Issue:24	Potent anti-melanogenic activity and favorable toxicity profile of selected 4-phenyl hydroxycoumarins in the zebrafish model and the computational molecular modeling studies.
AID462351	Inhibition of mushroom tyrosinase at 300 uM	2010	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry, Mar-15, Volume: 18, Issue:6	Melanogenesis inhibitors from the desert plant Anastatica hierochuntica in B16 melanoma cells.
AID1366511	Toxicity in wild type zebrafish embryos assessed as head malformation at 100 ug/ml treated for 96 hrs post fertilization starting from 6 hrs post fertilization by inverted microscopic analysis relative to control	2017	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry, 12-15, Volume: 25, Issue:24	Potent anti-melanogenic activity and favorable toxicity profile of selected 4-phenyl hydroxycoumarins in the zebrafish model and the computational molecular modeling studies.
AID626570	Inhibition of mushroom tyrosinase activity using L-tyrosine as substrate by spectrometric analysis	2011	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters, Nov-15, Volume: 21, Issue:22	Structural requirement of phenylthiourea analogs for their inhibitory activity of melanogenesis and tyrosinase.
AID462349	Inhibition of mushroom tyrosinase	2010	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry, Mar-15, Volume: 18, Issue:6	Melanogenesis inhibitors from the desert plant Anastatica hierochuntica in B16 melanoma cells.
AID528274	Inhibition of mushroom tyrosinase after 20 mins by microplate reader analysis	2010	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters, Nov-15, Volume: 20, Issue:22	Kojyl thioether derivatives having both tyrosinase inhibitory and anti-inflammatory properties.
AID191835	The treatment period of compound (microg of Fe/h) for biliary excretion of Iron after intravenous administration to the rats	1994	Journal of medicinal chemistry, Jan-07, Volume: 37, Issue:1	Enhancement of iron excretion via monoanionic 3-hydroxypyrid-4-ones.
AID1668331	Inhibition of mushroom tyrosinase using L-Dopa as substrate preincubated for 10 mins followed by substrate addition and measured after 5 mins	2020	Journal of natural products, 05-22, Volume: 83, Issue:5	Phaeosphaones: Tyrosinase Inhibitory Thiodiketopiperazines from an Endophytic
AID1263162	Inhibition of alpha-MSH-mediated melanin biosynthesis in mouse B16F10 cells at 25 uM after 24 hrs	2015	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry, 12-15, Volume: 23, Issue:24	(E)-2-Cyano-3-(substituted phenyl)acrylamide analogs as potent inhibitors of tyrosinase: A linear β-phenyl-α,β-unsaturated carbonyl scaffold.
AID740438	Inhibition of diphenolase activity of mushroom tyrosinase assessed as decrease in L-DOPA chrome formation using L-DOPA as substrate preincubated with enzyme for 10 mins prior to substrate addition measured for 10 mins by spectrophotometric assay	2013	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry, Apr-01, Volume: 21, Issue:7	Synthesis of novel azo compounds containing 5(4H)-oxazolone ring as potent tyrosinase inhibitors.
AID1181368	Inhibition of mushroom tyrosinase using L-tyrosine as substrate at 25 uM by spectrophotometry relative to control	2014	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry, Aug-01, Volume: 22, Issue:15	Effect of p-aminophenols on tyrosinase activity.
AID655299	Depigmenting activity in mouse Melan-a cells assessed as melanin production	2012	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters, Mar-01, Volume: 22, Issue:5	Depigmenting activity of new kojic acid derivative obtained as a side product in the synthesis of cinnamate of kojic acid.
AID1194115	Competitive inhibition of mushroom tyrosinase assessed as inhibition of L-DOPA oxidase activity at 5 uM active compound by Lineweaver-Burk plot analysis	2015	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters, Apr-15, Volume: 25, Issue:8	Azachalcones: a new class of potent polyphenol oxidase inhibitors.
AID1366455	Toxicity in wild type zebrafish embryos assessed as yolk edema at 2500 ug/ml treated for 96 hrs post fertilization starting from 6 hrs post fertilization by inverted microscopic analysis relative to control	2017	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry, 12-15, Volume: 25, Issue:24	Potent anti-melanogenic activity and favorable toxicity profile of selected 4-phenyl hydroxycoumarins in the zebrafish model and the computational molecular modeling studies.
AID1325098	Inhibition of mushroom tyrosinase activity using L-tyrosine as substrate at 300 uM after 30 mins	2016	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry, 12-01, Volume: 24, Issue:23	Melanogenesis inhibitory activity of a 7-O-9'-linked neolignan from Alpinia galanga fruit.
AID1181367	Inhibition of mushroom tyrosinase using L-tyrosine as substrate at 12.5 uM by spectrophotometry relative to control	2014	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry, Aug-01, Volume: 22, Issue:15	Effect of p-aminophenols on tyrosinase activity.
AID497310	Inhibition of tyrosinase	2010	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry, Aug-01, Volume: 18, Issue:15	Identification of a potent and noncytotoxic inhibitor of melanin production.
AID1866752	Anti-melanogenic activity against mouse B16-F10 cells at 200 nM	2022	Journal of natural products, 04-22, Volume: 85, Issue:4	Selaginellin Inhibits Melanogenesis via the MAPK Signaling Pathway.
AID1248348	Inhibition of tyrosinase (unknown origin) using L-DOPA as substrate assessed as formation of dopachrome by spectrophotometric analysis	2015	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry, Oct-15, Volume: 23, Issue:20	Rhododendrol glycosides as stereospecific tyrosinase inhibitors.
AID387632	Inhibition of mushroom tyrosinase	2008	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters, Oct-01, Volume: 18, Issue:19	Molecular design of potent tyrosinase inhibitors having the bibenzyl skeleton.
AID429250	Antioxidant activity assessed as nitric oxide scavenging activity after 60 min by Griess assay	2009	European journal of medicinal chemistry, Aug, Volume: 44, Issue:8	Synthesis and biological evaluation of curcumin-like diarylpentanoid analogues for anti-inflammatory, antioxidant and anti-tyrosinase activities.
AID1303927	Copper chelating activity in pH 5 copper sulfate solution at 0.952 mM after 10 mins by tetramethylmurexide dye based assay relative to control	2016	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters, 07-01, Volume: 26, Issue:13	Design and synthesis of novel hydroxypyridinone derivatives as potential tyrosinase inhibitors.
AID566707	Inhibition of mouse recombinant iNOS at 1 mM after 40 mins by colorimetric assay	2011	Journal of medicinal chemistry, Jan-27, Volume: 54, Issue:2	Identifying chelators for metalloprotein inhibitors using a fragment-based approach.
AID383496	Inhibition of Mushroom tyrosinase	2008	Journal of natural products, May, Volume: 71, Issue:5	Complex sesquiterpenoids with tyrosinase inhibitory activity from the leaves of Chloranthus tianmushanensis.
AID1813181	Inhibition of melanin production in zebra fish assessed reduction in melanin level in abdomen at 25 to 100 uM measured 48 hrs post fertilization	2021	European journal of medicinal chemistry, Dec-15, Volume: 226	Design, synthesis and biological evaluation of tyrosinase-targeting PROTACs.
AID450483	Inhibition of mushroom tyrosinase	2009	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry, Aug-15, Volume: 17, Issue:16	Melanogenesis inhibitors from the rhizomes of Alpinia officinarum in B16 melanoma cells.
AID1366521	Toxicity in wild type zebrafish embryos assessed as skeletal deformities at 2000 ug/ml treated for 96 hrs post fertilization starting from 6 hrs post fertilization by inverted microscopic analysis relative to control	2017	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry, 12-15, Volume: 25, Issue:24	Potent anti-melanogenic activity and favorable toxicity profile of selected 4-phenyl hydroxycoumarins in the zebrafish model and the computational molecular modeling studies.
AID327624	Inhibition of mushroom tyrosinase	2008	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry, Feb-01, Volume: 16, Issue:3	1-(1-Arylethylidene)thiosemicarbazide derivatives: a new class of tyrosinase inhibitors.
AID1530287	Inhibition of tyrosinase in alpha-MSH-stimulated mouse B16F10 cells assessed as reduction in dopachrome production at 25 uM using L-DOPA as substrate measured after 24 hrs by spectrophotometric method relative to control	2019	European journal of medicinal chemistry, Jan-01, Volume: 161	Synthesis of cinnamic amide derivatives and their anti-melanogenic effect in α-MSH-stimulated B16F10 melanoma cells.
AID566703	Inhibition of human recombinant MMP2 at 1 mM after 30 mins	2011	Journal of medicinal chemistry, Jan-27, Volume: 54, Issue:2	Identifying chelators for metalloprotein inhibitors using a fragment-based approach.
AID1639456	Inhibition of mushroom tyrosinase using L-tyrosine as substrate measured after 30 mins	2019	Journal of natural products, 04-26, Volume: 82, Issue:4	Concise Modular Synthesis of Thalassotalic Acids A-C.
AID1366470	Toxicity in wild type zebrafish embryos assessed as heart beat at 1000 ug/ml treated for 96 hrs post fertilization starting from 6 hrs post fertilization by inverted microscopic analysis relative to control	2017	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry, 12-15, Volume: 25, Issue:24	Potent anti-melanogenic activity and favorable toxicity profile of selected 4-phenyl hydroxycoumarins in the zebrafish model and the computational molecular modeling studies.
AID1366494	Toxicity in wild type zebrafish embryos assessed as unhatched embryo at 2500 ug/ml treated for 96 hrs post fertilization starting from 6 hrs post fertilization by inverted microscopic analysis relative to control	2017	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry, 12-15, Volume: 25, Issue:24	Potent anti-melanogenic activity and favorable toxicity profile of selected 4-phenyl hydroxycoumarins in the zebrafish model and the computational molecular modeling studies.
AID1181374	Mixed-type inhibition of mushroom tyrosinase using L-tyrosine as substrate by Lineweaver-Burk double reciprocal plot method	2014	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry, Aug-01, Volume: 22, Issue:15	Effect of p-aminophenols on tyrosinase activity.
AID1546413	Non-competitive inhibition of mushroom tyrosinase using L-DOPA as substrate preincubated for 10 mins followed by substrate addition and further incubated for 20 mins by Dixon plot analysis	2020	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters, 01-01, Volume: 30, Issue:1	Hydroxyl substituted benzoic acid/cinnamic acid derivatives: Tyrosinase inhibitory kinetics, anti-melanogenic activity and molecular docking studies.
AID1366489	Toxicity in wild type zebrafish embryos assessed as unhatched embryo at 25 ug/ml treated for 96 hrs post fertilization starting from 6 hrs post fertilization by inverted microscopic analysis relative to control	2017	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry, 12-15, Volume: 25, Issue:24	Potent anti-melanogenic activity and favorable toxicity profile of selected 4-phenyl hydroxycoumarins in the zebrafish model and the computational molecular modeling studies.
AID1366411	Toxicity in wild type zebrafish embryos assessed as eyes at 25 ug/ml treated for 96 hrs post fertilization starting from 6 hrs post fertilization by inverted microscopic analysis relative to control	2017	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry, 12-15, Volume: 25, Issue:24	Potent anti-melanogenic activity and favorable toxicity profile of selected 4-phenyl hydroxycoumarins in the zebrafish model and the computational molecular modeling studies.
AID746658	Inhibition of mushroom tyrosinase using L-DOPA as substrate preincubated for 10 mins by spectrophotometric analysis	2013	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry, May-15, Volume: 21, Issue:10	Synthesis of new heterocyclic hybrids based on pyrazole and thiazolidinone scaffolds as potent inhibitors of tyrosinase.
AID1571720	Inhibition of mushroom tyrosinase diphenolase activity using L-dopa as substrate	2019	MedChemComm, Mar-01, Volume: 10, Issue:3	Thiosemicarbazones with tyrosinase inhibitory activity.
AID1366394	Toxicity in wild type zebrafish embryos assessed as growth retardation at 100 ug/ml treated for 96 hrs post fertilization starting from 6 hrs post fertilization by inverted microscopic analysis relative to control	2017	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry, 12-15, Volume: 25, Issue:24	Potent anti-melanogenic activity and favorable toxicity profile of selected 4-phenyl hydroxycoumarins in the zebrafish model and the computational molecular modeling studies.
AID1325102	Inhibition of mushroom tyrosinase activity using L-DOPA as substrate after 30 mins	2016	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry, 12-01, Volume: 24, Issue:23	Melanogenesis inhibitory activity of a 7-O-9'-linked neolignan from Alpinia galanga fruit.
AID1366484	Toxicity in wild type zebrafish embryos assessed as blood circulation at 500 ug/ml treated for 96 hrs post fertilization starting from 6 hrs post fertilization by inverted microscopic analysis relative to control	2017	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry, 12-15, Volume: 25, Issue:24	Potent anti-melanogenic activity and favorable toxicity profile of selected 4-phenyl hydroxycoumarins in the zebrafish model and the computational molecular modeling studies.
AID1588408	Inhibition of tyrosinase in mouse B16F0 cells using L-DOPA as substrate by UV-Visible spectrophotometric analysis	2019	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry, 08-15, Volume: 27, Issue:16	Melanogenic inhibitory effects of Triangularin in B16F0 melanoma cells, in vitro and molecular docking studies.
AID397008	Antibacterial activity against Staphylococcus aureus PTCC 1337 after 24 hrs by microplate alamar blue assay	2009	European journal of medicinal chemistry, May, Volume: 44, Issue:5	Synthesis, antimicrobial evaluation and QSAR study of some 3-hydroxypyridine-4-one and 3-hydroxypyran-4-one derivatives.
AID358295	Inhibition of mushroom tyrosinase	2001	Journal of natural products, Nov, Volume: 64, Issue:11	A new dimeric stilbene with tyrosinase inhibitiory activity from Artocarpus gomezianus.
AID1366545	Inhibition of zebrafish embryo tyrosinase assessed as melanin production at 1000 ug/ml after 48 hrs relative to control	2017	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry, 12-15, Volume: 25, Issue:24	Potent anti-melanogenic activity and favorable toxicity profile of selected 4-phenyl hydroxycoumarins in the zebrafish model and the computational molecular modeling studies.
AID1366416	Toxicity in wild type zebrafish embryos assessed as eyes at 2500 ug/ml treated for 96 hrs post fertilization starting from 6 hrs post fertilization by inverted microscopic analysis relative to control	2017	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry, 12-15, Volume: 25, Issue:24	Potent anti-melanogenic activity and favorable toxicity profile of selected 4-phenyl hydroxycoumarins in the zebrafish model and the computational molecular modeling studies.
AID1465185	Inhibition of mushroom tyrosinase using L-DOPA as substrate preincubated for 10 mins followed by substrate addition measured after 20 mins	2017	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry, 11-01, Volume: 25, Issue:21	Synthesis, computational studies and enzyme inhibitory kinetics of substituted methyl[2-(4-dimethylamino-benzylidene)-hydrazono)-4-oxo-thiazolidin-5-ylidene]acetates as mushroom tyrosinase inhibitors.
AID1272598	Inhibition of mushroom tyrosinase using L-tyrosine as substrate after 20 mins by spectrophotometric method	2016	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters, Feb-01, Volume: 26, Issue:3	One-pot green synthesis of 1,3,5-triarylpentane-1,5-dione and triarylmethane derivatives as a new class of tyrosinase inhibitors.
AID1683486	Inhibition of Tyrosinase (unknown origin) using tyrosine as substrate incubated for 20 mins followed by substrate addition and measured every 10 mins for 30 mins	2021	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry, 01-01, Volume: 29	Xanthones for melanogenesis inhibition: Molecular docking and QSAR studies to understand their anti-tyrosinase activity.
AID1269170	Competitive inhibition of diphenolase activity of mushroom tyrosinase using L-DOPA as substrate preincubated for 5 to 60 mins by Lineweaver-Burk and Dixon plot analysis	2016	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry, Jan-15, Volume: 24, Issue:2	Highly potent tyrosinase inhibitor, neorauflavane from Campylotropis hirtella and inhibitory mechanism with molecular docking.
AID1501719	Inhibition of mushroom tyrosinase diphenolase activity assessed as decrease in dopachrome formation using L-DOPA as substrate preincubated for 10 mins followed by substrate addition measured for 1 min	2017	European journal of medicinal chemistry, Oct-20, Volume: 139	Study on the design, synthesis and structure-activity relationships of new thiosemicarbazone compounds as tyrosinase inhibitors.
AID1366352	Cytotoxicity against wild type zebrafish embryo melanocytes assessed as change in morphology	2017	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry, 12-15, Volume: 25, Issue:24	Potent anti-melanogenic activity and favorable toxicity profile of selected 4-phenyl hydroxycoumarins in the zebrafish model and the computational molecular modeling studies.
AID1492715	Inhibition of mushroom tyrosinase using L-DOPA as substrate preincubated for 10 mins followed by substrate addition measured for 20 mins	2017	European journal of medicinal chemistry, Dec-01, Volume: 141	Design, synthesis, kinetic mechanism and molecular docking studies of novel 1-pentanoyl-3-arylthioureas as inhibitors of mushroom tyrosinase and free radical scavengers.
AID1684103	Antibacterial activity against Escherichia fergusonii CU928158.2 assessed as reduction in cell viability after 24 hrs by microdilution method	2020	Journal of natural products, 12-24, Volume: 83, Issue:12	Penipyranicins A-C: Antibacterial Methylpyran Polyketides from a Hydrothermal Spring Sediment
AID1683472	Mixed inhibition of Tyrosinase (unknown origin) assessed as maximal velocity at 6.4 uM using tyrosine as substrate incubated for 20 mins followed by substrate addition and measured every 10 mins for 30 mins by Lineweaver-Burk plot analysis (Rvb = 0.0042 +	2021	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry, 01-01, Volume: 29	Xanthones for melanogenesis inhibition: Molecular docking and QSAR studies to understand their anti-tyrosinase activity.
AID687649	Inhibition of mushroom tyrosinase assessed as inhibition constant for compound-free enzyme using as L-tyrosine substrate by spectrophotometric analysis	2011	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry, Jun-01, Volume: 19, Issue:11	Tyrosinase inhibitory activity of a 6-isoprenoid-substituted flavanone isolated from Dalea elegans.
AID1163968	Inhibition of mushroom tyrosinase at 50 ug/ml using L-DOPA as substrate after 2 mins by spectrophotometry	2014	European journal of medicinal chemistry, Oct-30, Volume: 86	Anti-tyrosinase, antioxidant, and antibacterial activities of novel 5-hydroxy-4-acetyl-2,3-dihydronaphtho[1,2-b]furans.
AID1366557	Inhibition of zebrafish embryo tyrosinase assessed as melanin production after 48 hrs	2017	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry, 12-15, Volume: 25, Issue:24	Potent anti-melanogenic activity and favorable toxicity profile of selected 4-phenyl hydroxycoumarins in the zebrafish model and the computational molecular modeling studies.
AID1435202	Inhibition of mushroom tyrosinase using L-DOPA as substrate assessed as decrease in dopachrome formation preincubated for 10 mins followed by substrate addition by spectrophotometric method	2017	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry, 03-01, Volume: 25, Issue:5	New insights into highly potent tyrosinase inhibitors based on 3-heteroarylcoumarins: Anti-melanogenesis and antioxidant activities, and computational molecular modeling studies.
AID1366561	Inhibition of tyrosinase in mouse B16 cells assessed as decrease in alpha-MSH stimulated melanin production at 2 ug/ml preincubated for 24 hrs followed by alpha-MSH addition measured after 48 hrs	2017	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry, 12-15, Volume: 25, Issue:24	Potent anti-melanogenic activity and favorable toxicity profile of selected 4-phenyl hydroxycoumarins in the zebrafish model and the computational molecular modeling studies.
AID400521	Inhibition of mushroom tyrosinase at 333.3 uM/mL by spectrophotometry	2004	Journal of natural products, Mar, Volume: 67, Issue:3	Antityrosinase principles and constituents of the petals of Crocus sativus.
AID1611942	Inhibition of mushroom tyrosinase	2018	Journal of medicinal chemistry, 09-13, Volume: 61, Issue:17	Inhibitors of Melanogenesis: An Updated Review.
AID1366337	Toxicity in wild type zebrafish embryos assessed as dead embryo at 2500 ug/ml treated for 96 hrs post fertilization starting from 6 hrs post fertilization by inverted microscopic analysis relative to control	2017	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry, 12-15, Volume: 25, Issue:24	Potent anti-melanogenic activity and favorable toxicity profile of selected 4-phenyl hydroxycoumarins in the zebrafish model and the computational molecular modeling studies.
AID1181361	Inhibition of mushroom tyrosinase using L-tyrosine as substrate by spectrophotometry	2014	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry, Aug-01, Volume: 22, Issue:15	Effect of p-aminophenols on tyrosinase activity.
AID1435219	Inhibition of tyrosinase in alpha-MSH-stimulated mouse B16F10 cells assessed as decrease in melanin content at 50 uM after 48 hrs	2017	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry, 03-01, Volume: 25, Issue:5	New insights into highly potent tyrosinase inhibitors based on 3-heteroarylcoumarins: Anti-melanogenesis and antioxidant activities, and computational molecular modeling studies.
AID1717715	Competitive inhibition of White button mushroom tyrosinase using L-DOPA as substrate by Lineweaver-Burk plot	2020	Journal of medicinal chemistry, 11-25, Volume: 63, Issue:22	Advances in the Design of Genuine Human Tyrosinase Inhibitors for Targeting Melanogenesis and Related Pigmentations.
AID1635903	Inhibition of 8-histidine tagged influenza virus H1N1 N-terminal PA endonuclease expressed in Escherichia coli BL21 cells using single-stranded 5'-FAM fluorophore/3'-TAMRA quencher)-labeled 17-mer ssDNA-oligomer substrate measured over 45 mins by FRET ana	2016	Journal of medicinal chemistry, 07-14, Volume: 59, Issue:13	Fragment-Based Identification of Influenza Endonuclease Inhibitors.
AID1366535	Anti-melanogenic activity in mpx:GFP transgenic zebrafish 24 hrs post fertilization embryo neutrophils assessed as decrease in pigmentation at 2 to 2.5 mg/ml	2017	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry, 12-15, Volume: 25, Issue:24	Potent anti-melanogenic activity and favorable toxicity profile of selected 4-phenyl hydroxycoumarins in the zebrafish model and the computational molecular modeling studies.
AID758106	Inhibition of mushroom tyrosinase using L-tyrosine as substrate assessed as amount of dopachrome produced at 50 uM after 30 mins by spectrophotometry	2013	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters, Jul-15, Volume: 23, Issue:14	De novo tyrosinase inhibitor: 4-(6,7-dihydro-5H-indeno[5,6-d]thiazol-2-yl)benzene-1,3-diol (MHY1556).
AID1366354	Cytotoxicity against wild type zebrafish embryo melanocytes assessed as number of melanocyte at 2.5 mg/ml treated for 72 hrs post fertilization starting from 6 to 24 hrs post fertilization	2017	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry, 12-15, Volume: 25, Issue:24	Potent anti-melanogenic activity and favorable toxicity profile of selected 4-phenyl hydroxycoumarins in the zebrafish model and the computational molecular modeling studies.
AID1366380	Toxicity in wild type zebrafish embryos assessed as normal embryo at 500 ug/ml treated for 96 hrs post fertilization starting from 6 hrs post fertilization by inverted microscopic analysis relative to control	2017	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry, 12-15, Volume: 25, Issue:24	Potent anti-melanogenic activity and favorable toxicity profile of selected 4-phenyl hydroxycoumarins in the zebrafish model and the computational molecular modeling studies.
AID1137326	Dissociation constant, pKa of the compound	1979	Journal of medicinal chemistry, Jan, Volume: 22, Issue:1	Kojic amine--a novel gamma-aminobutyric acid analogue.
AID428334	Inhibition of catecholase activity of tyrosinase in human HMVII cells assessed as dopachrome formation at 100 uM	2009	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters, Aug-01, Volume: 19, Issue:15	N-[(Dihydroxyphenyl)acyl]serotonins as potent inhibitors of tyrosinase from mouse and human melanoma cells.
AID1713546	Reduction in alpha-MSH-induced tyrosinase expression in mouse B16-F10 cells at 250 uM incubated for 48 hrs by Western blot analysis	2016	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry, 11-15, Volume: 24, Issue:22	ArgTX-636, a polyamine isolated from spider venom: A novel class of melanogenesis inhibitors.
AID740434	Cytotoxicity against mouse B16F10 cells assessed as cell viability at 200 ug/ml after 72 hrs by micro-culture MTT assay	2013	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry, Apr-01, Volume: 21, Issue:7	Synthesis of novel azo compounds containing 5(4H)-oxazolone ring as potent tyrosinase inhibitors.
AID589512	Inhibition of mushroom tyrosinase at 5 uM using L-tyrosine as a substrate	2011	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters, Apr-15, Volume: 21, Issue:8	Synthesis and biological activity of hydroxy substituted phenyl-benzo[d]thiazole analogues for antityrosinase activity in B16 cells.
AID1717717	Inhibition of human His-tagged tyrosinase expressed in HEK 293 cells using L-DOPA as substrate by MBTH based assay	2020	Journal of medicinal chemistry, 11-25, Volume: 63, Issue:22	Advances in the Design of Genuine Human Tyrosinase Inhibitors for Targeting Melanogenesis and Related Pigmentations.
AID1452659	Inhibition of mushroom tyrosinase at 0.5 mM preincubated for 5 mins followed by addition of L-dopamine as substrate measured after 30 mins relative to control	2017	European journal of medicinal chemistry, Jul-07, Volume: 134	Organocatalyzed and mechanochemical solvent-free synthesis of novel and functionalized bis-biphenyl substituted thiazolidinones as potent tyrosinase inhibitors: SAR and molecular modeling studies.
AID1684102	Antibacterial activity against Pseudomonas aeruginosa NR-117678.1 assessed as reduction in cell viability after 24 hrs by microdilution method	2020	Journal of natural products, 12-24, Volume: 83, Issue:12	Penipyranicins A-C: Antibacterial Methylpyran Polyketides from a Hydrothermal Spring Sediment
AID1663491	Inhibition of mushroom tyrosinase using L-tyrosine as substrate	2020	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters, 08-01, Volume: 30, Issue:15	New class of alkynyl glycoside analogues as tyrosinase inhibitors.
AID715001	Inhibition of mushroom tyrosinase using L-DOPA as substrate after 10 mins	2012	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters, Sep-01, Volume: 22, Issue:17	Design, synthesis and molecular simulation studies of dihydrostilbene derivatives as potent tyrosinase inhibitors.
AID1366417	Toxicity in wild type zebrafish embryos assessed as eyes at 2000 ug/ml treated for 96 hrs post fertilization starting from 6 hrs post fertilization by inverted microscopic analysis relative to control	2017	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry, 12-15, Volume: 25, Issue:24	Potent anti-melanogenic activity and favorable toxicity profile of selected 4-phenyl hydroxycoumarins in the zebrafish model and the computational molecular modeling studies.
AID462348	Inhibition of mushroom tyrosinase at 100 uM	2010	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry, Mar-15, Volume: 18, Issue:6	Melanogenesis inhibitors from the desert plant Anastatica hierochuntica in B16 melanoma cells.
AID1325101	Inhibition of mushroom tyrosinase activity using L-DOPA as substrate at 300 uM after 30 mins	2016	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry, 12-01, Volume: 24, Issue:23	Melanogenesis inhibitory activity of a 7-O-9'-linked neolignan from Alpinia galanga fruit.
AID1366339	Toxicity in wild type zebrafish embryos assessed as dead embryo at 1000 ug/ml treated for 96 hrs post fertilization starting from 6 hrs post fertilization by inverted microscopic analysis relative to control	2017	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry, 12-15, Volume: 25, Issue:24	Potent anti-melanogenic activity and favorable toxicity profile of selected 4-phenyl hydroxycoumarins in the zebrafish model and the computational molecular modeling studies.
AID1760251	Inhibition of mushroom tyrosinase assessed as reduction in dopachrome formation using L-DOPA as substrate by ELISA	2020	European journal of medicinal chemistry, Sep-01, Volume: 201	Kojic acid-natural product conjugates as mushroom tyrosinase inhibitors.
AID1366445	Toxicity in wild type zebrafish embryos assessed as pericardial edema at 500 ug/ml treated for 96 hrs post fertilization starting from 6 hrs post fertilization by inverted microscopic analysis relative to control	2017	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry, 12-15, Volume: 25, Issue:24	Potent anti-melanogenic activity and favorable toxicity profile of selected 4-phenyl hydroxycoumarins in the zebrafish model and the computational molecular modeling studies.
AID1588409	Inhibition of mushroom tyrosinase diphenolase activity using L-dopa as substrate preincubated for 10 mins followed by substrate addition by UV-Visible spectrophotometric analysis	2019	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry, 08-15, Volume: 27, Issue:16	Melanogenic inhibitory effects of Triangularin in B16F0 melanoma cells, in vitro and molecular docking studies.
AID626569	Inhibition of mushroom tyrosinase activity using L-tyrosine as substrate at 10 uM by spectrometric analysis	2011	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters, Nov-15, Volume: 21, Issue:22	Structural requirement of phenylthiourea analogs for their inhibitory activity of melanogenesis and tyrosinase.
AID1366347	Cytotoxicity against wild type zebrafish embryo melanocytes assessed as punctate cells at 12.5 ug/ml treated for 72 hrs post fertilization starting from 6 to 24 hrs post fertilization	2017	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry, 12-15, Volume: 25, Issue:24	Potent anti-melanogenic activity and favorable toxicity profile of selected 4-phenyl hydroxycoumarins in the zebrafish model and the computational molecular modeling studies.
AID758110	Inhibition of mushroom tyrosinase using L-tyrosine as substrate assessed as amount of dopachrome produced at 10 uM after 30 mins by spectrophotometry	2013	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters, Jul-15, Volume: 23, Issue:14	De novo tyrosinase inhibitor: 4-(6,7-dihydro-5H-indeno[5,6-d]thiazol-2-yl)benzene-1,3-diol (MHY1556).
AID528276	Cytotoxicity against mouse RAW264.7 cells after 24 hrs by MTT assay	2010	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters, Nov-15, Volume: 20, Issue:22	Kojyl thioether derivatives having both tyrosinase inhibitory and anti-inflammatory properties.
AID488234	Inhibition of mashroom tyrosinase	2010	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry, Jun-01, Volume: 18, Issue:11	New potent inhibitors of tyrosinase: novel clues to binding of 1,3,4-thiadiazole-2(3H)-thiones, 1,3,4-oxadiazole-2(3H)-thiones, 4-amino-1,2,4-triazole-5(4H)-thiones, and substituted hydrazides to the dicopper active site.
AID1082238	Inhibition of Oryctolagus cuniculus (rabbit) AOX in liver cytosol	2011	Journal of agricultural and food chemistry, May-11, Volume: 59, Issue:9	Neonicotinoid insecticides: oxidative stress in planta and metallo-oxidase inhibition.
AID662541	Cytotoxicity against mouse Melan-a cells after 4 days by crystal voilet method	2012	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters, Jun-15, Volume: 22, Issue:12	Depigmenting activities of kojic acid derivatives without tyrosinase inhibitory activities.
AID1082239	Inhibition of Agaricus bisporus (mushroom) tyrosinase	2011	Journal of agricultural and food chemistry, May-11, Volume: 59, Issue:9	Neonicotinoid insecticides: oxidative stress in planta and metallo-oxidase inhibition.
AID400520	Inhibition of mushroom tyrosinase by spectrophotometry	2004	Journal of natural products, Mar, Volume: 67, Issue:3	Antityrosinase principles and constituents of the petals of Crocus sativus.
AID441043	Inhibition of mushroom tyrosinase assessed as oxidation of L-DOPA	2009	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters, Oct-01, Volume: 19, Issue:19	Kojic acid-amino acid conjugates as tyrosinase inhibitors.
AID1442860	Inhibition of intracellular tyrosinase activity in mouse B16 cells at 1000 uM using L-DOPA as substrate preincubated for 24 hrs followed by substrate addition and subsequent incubation for 20 mins measured at 1 min interval for 10 mins by MBTH reagent bas	2017	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters, 04-15, Volume: 27, Issue:8	Chemical and bioactivity of flavanones obtained from roots of Dalea pazensis Rusby.
AID1684104	Antibacterial activity against Bacillus licheniformis KX785171.1 assessed as reduction in cell viability after 24 hrs by microdilution method	2020	Journal of natural products, 12-24, Volume: 83, Issue:12	Penipyranicins A-C: Antibacterial Methylpyran Polyketides from a Hydrothermal Spring Sediment
AID1713544	Inhibition of tyrosinase in mouse B16-F10 cells at 250 uM using L-DOPA as substrate incubated for 30 mins followed by substrate addition and measured after 40 mins relative to control	2016	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry, 11-15, Volume: 24, Issue:22	ArgTX-636, a polyamine isolated from spider venom: A novel class of melanogenesis inhibitors.
AID1454354	Inhibition of alpha-MSH-stimulated melanogenesis in mouse B16 cells assessed as reduction in melanin formation	2017	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters, 08-01, Volume: 27, Issue:15	Synthesis and biological evaluation of caffeic acid derivatives as potent inhibitors of α-MSH-stimulated melanogenesis.
AID276018	Inhibition of tyrosinase	2006	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters, Nov-01, Volume: 16, Issue:21	Chemical transformations of oxyresveratrol (trans-2,4,3',5'-tetrahydroxystilbene) into a potent tyrosinase inhibitor and a strong cytotoxic agent.
AID568213	Inhibition of mushroom tyrosinase preincubated for 20 mins	2011	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry, Feb-01, Volume: 19, Issue:3	Benzyl benzoates: New phlorizin analogs as mushroom tyrosinase inhibitors.
AID1813180	Inhibition of melanin production in zebra fish assessed reduction in melanin level in eyes at 25 to 100 uM measured 48 hrs post fertilization	2021	European journal of medicinal chemistry, Dec-15, Volume: 226	Design, synthesis and biological evaluation of tyrosinase-targeting PROTACs.
AID566701	Inhibition of recombinant anthrax lethal factor at 1 mM after 30 mins by fluorescence assay	2011	Journal of medicinal chemistry, Jan-27, Volume: 54, Issue:2	Identifying chelators for metalloprotein inhibitors using a fragment-based approach.
AID1366522	Toxicity in wild type zebrafish embryos assessed as skeletal deformities at 1000 ug/ml treated for 96 hrs post fertilization starting from 6 hrs post fertilization by inverted microscopic analysis relative to control	2017	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry, 12-15, Volume: 25, Issue:24	Potent anti-melanogenic activity and favorable toxicity profile of selected 4-phenyl hydroxycoumarins in the zebrafish model and the computational molecular modeling studies.
AID1452660	Inhibition of mushroom tyrosinase preincubated for 5 mins followed by addition of L-dopamine as substrate measured after 30 mins	2017	European journal of medicinal chemistry, Jul-07, Volume: 134	Organocatalyzed and mechanochemical solvent-free synthesis of novel and functionalized bis-biphenyl substituted thiazolidinones as potent tyrosinase inhibitors: SAR and molecular modeling studies.
AID1813185	Inhibition of melanin production in zebra fish assessed depigmentation effect at 100 uM measured 96 hrs post fertilization	2021	European journal of medicinal chemistry, Dec-15, Volume: 226	Design, synthesis and biological evaluation of tyrosinase-targeting PROTACs.
AID1366393	Toxicity in wild type zebrafish embryos assessed as growth retardation at 500 ug/ml treated for 96 hrs post fertilization starting from 6 hrs post fertilization by inverted microscopic analysis relative to control	2017	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry, 12-15, Volume: 25, Issue:24	Potent anti-melanogenic activity and favorable toxicity profile of selected 4-phenyl hydroxycoumarins in the zebrafish model and the computational molecular modeling studies.
AID517128	Inhibition of mushroom tyrosinase after 10 mins by L-DOPA oxidation assay	2010	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters, Oct-15, Volume: 20, Issue:20	Synthesis and biological evaluation of a novel series of bis-salicylaldehydes as mushroom tyrosinase inhibitors.
AID1505136	Inhibition of mushroom tyrosinase using L-tyrosine as substrate pretreated for 5 mins followed by substrate addition measured over 30 mins by spectrophotometric method	2018	Journal of natural products, 01-26, Volume: 81, Issue:1	Isolation of Flavonoids and Flavonoid Glycosides from Myrsine africana and Their Inhibitory Activities against Mushroom Tyrosinase.
AID1588428	Inhibition of intracellular tyrosinase in mouse B16F0 cells at 5000 uM using L-DOPA as substrate preincubated with compound followed by substrate addition and measured after 20 mins by UV-Visible spectrophotometric analysis relative to control	2019	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry, 08-15, Volume: 27, Issue:16	Melanogenic inhibitory effects of Triangularin in B16F0 melanoma cells, in vitro and molecular docking studies.
AID1594660	Inhibition of tyrosinase in alpha-MSH-stimulated mouse B16F10 cells at 25 uM incubated for 24 hrs relative to untreated control	2019	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry, 06-01, Volume: 27, Issue:11	Antioxidant, anti-tyrosinase and anti-melanogenic effects of (E)-2,3-diphenylacrylic acid derivatives.
AID626572	Inhibition of alpha-MSH -stimulated melanogenesis in mouse B16 cells assessed as melanin release after 72 hrs by spectrometric analysis	2011	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters, Nov-15, Volume: 21, Issue:22	Structural requirement of phenylthiourea analogs for their inhibitory activity of melanogenesis and tyrosinase.
AID1269166	Inhibition of monophenolase activity of mushroom tyrosinase using L-tyrosine as substrate preincubated with substrate for 10 mins followed by protein addition measured after 15 mins by spectrophotometric analysis	2016	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry, Jan-15, Volume: 24, Issue:2	Highly potent tyrosinase inhibitor, neorauflavane from Campylotropis hirtella and inhibitory mechanism with molecular docking.
AID1588423	Inhibition of intracellular tyrosinase in mouse B16F0 cells at 500 uM using L-DOPA as substrate preincubated with compound followed by substrate addition and measured after 20 mins by UV-Visible spectrophotometric analysis relative to control	2019	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry, 08-15, Volume: 27, Issue:16	Melanogenic inhibitory effects of Triangularin in B16F0 melanoma cells, in vitro and molecular docking studies.
AID108472	Cytotoxicity of compound against Melan-a cells determined as percent cell survival at 100 ppm	2004	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters, Jun-07, Volume: 14, Issue:11	Solid-phase synthesis of kojic acid-tripeptides and their tyrosinase inhibitory activity, storage stability, and toxicity.
AID687639	Inhibition of mushroom tyrosinase using as L-tyrosine substrate after 10 mins by spectrophotometric analysis	2011	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry, Jun-01, Volume: 19, Issue:11	Tyrosinase inhibitory activity of a 6-isoprenoid-substituted flavanone isolated from Dalea elegans.
AID1325099	Inhibition of mushroom tyrosinase activity using L-tyrosine as substrate after 30 mins	2016	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry, 12-01, Volume: 24, Issue:23	Melanogenesis inhibitory activity of a 7-O-9'-linked neolignan from Alpinia galanga fruit.
AID1163970	Inhibition of mushroom tyrosinase using L-DOPA as substrate after 2 mins by spectrophotometry	2014	European journal of medicinal chemistry, Oct-30, Volume: 86	Anti-tyrosinase, antioxidant, and antibacterial activities of novel 5-hydroxy-4-acetyl-2,3-dihydronaphtho[1,2-b]furans.
AID1366507	Toxicity in wild type zebrafish embryos assessed as head malformation at 2500 ug/ml treated for 96 hrs post fertilization starting from 6 hrs post fertilization by inverted microscopic analysis relative to control	2017	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry, 12-15, Volume: 25, Issue:24	Potent anti-melanogenic activity and favorable toxicity profile of selected 4-phenyl hydroxycoumarins in the zebrafish model and the computational molecular modeling studies.
AID1396229	Inhibition of mushroom tyrosinase using L-tyrosine as substrate measured after 30 mins	2018	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry, 08-07, Volume: 26, Issue:14	The tyrosinase inhibitory effects of isoxazolone derivatives with a (Z)-β-phenyl-α, β-unsaturated carbonyl scaffold.
AID1611938	Inhibition of tyrosinase (unknown origin) assessed as reduction in monophenolase activity	2018	Journal of medicinal chemistry, 09-13, Volume: 61, Issue:17	Inhibitors of Melanogenesis: An Updated Review.
AID305160	Inhibition of mushroom tyrosinase	2007	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters, Jan-15, Volume: 17, Issue:2	Syntheses of hydroxy substituted 2-phenyl-naphthalenes as inhibitors of tyrosinase.
AID682406	Inhibition of mushroom tyrosinase using L-DOPA as substrate after 5 mins by UV-spectrophotometric analysis	2012	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry, Sep-15, Volume: 20, Issue:18	Synthesis, biological evaluation, and molecular docking of N-{3-[3-(9-methyl-9H-carbazol-3-yl)-acryloyl]-phenyl}-benzamide/amide derivatives as xanthine oxidase and tyrosinase inhibitors.
AID1657591	Inhibition of mushroom tyrosinase using L-DOPA as substrate preincubated for 10 mins followed by substrate addition and measured after 15 mins by spectrophotometric method	2020	Journal of natural products, 05-22, Volume: 83, Issue:5	Diisonitrile-Mediated Reactive Oxygen Species Accumulation Leads to Bacterial Growth Inhibition.
AID635126	Cytotoxicity against mouse Melan-a cells by modified crystal voilet assay	2011	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters, Dec-15, Volume: 21, Issue:24	Inhibitory activity of novel kojic acid derivative containing trolox moiety on melanogenesis.
AID1366481	Toxicity in wild type zebrafish embryos assessed as blood circulation at 2500 ug/ml treated for 96 hrs post fertilization starting from 6 hrs post fertilization by inverted microscopic analysis relative to control	2017	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry, 12-15, Volume: 25, Issue:24	Potent anti-melanogenic activity and favorable toxicity profile of selected 4-phenyl hydroxycoumarins in the zebrafish model and the computational molecular modeling studies.
AID589509	Inhibition of mushroom tyrosinase using L-tyrosine as a substrate	2011	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters, Apr-15, Volume: 21, Issue:8	Synthesis and biological activity of hydroxy substituted phenyl-benzo[d]thiazole analogues for antityrosinase activity in B16 cells.
AID1603426	Mixed type inhibition of monophenolase activity of mushroom tyrosinase assessed as reduction in dopachrome formation using L-Tyrosine substrate by UV-Vis spectrophotometry based Dixon plot analysis	2019	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry, 06-15, Volume: 27, Issue:12	Tyrosinase inhibitory study of flavonolignans from the seeds of Silybum marianum (Milk thistle).
AID1366463	Toxicity in wild type zebrafish embryos assessed as heart beat at 25 ug/ml treated for 96 hrs post fertilization starting from 6 hrs post fertilization by inverted microscopic analysis relative to control	2017	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry, 12-15, Volume: 25, Issue:24	Potent anti-melanogenic activity and favorable toxicity profile of selected 4-phenyl hydroxycoumarins in the zebrafish model and the computational molecular modeling studies.
AID1331361	Inhibition of tyrosinase in human MNT1 cells assessed as suppression of melanin biosynthesis measured after 96 hrs	2017	ACS medicinal chemistry letters, Jan-12, Volume: 8, Issue:1	2-Hydroxypyridine-
AID1418657	Antimelanogenic activity in mouse B16F10 cells assessed as inhibition of alpha-MSH-stimulated melanin synthesis at 25 uM measured after 24 hrs	2018	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry, 11-15, Volume: 26, Issue:21	Design, synthesis and anti-melanogenic effect of cinnamamide derivatives.
AID1238885	Inhibition of mushroom tyrosinase using L-DOPA as substrate preincubated for 10 mins followed by substrate addition measured after 20 mins	2015	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry, Sep-01, Volume: 23, Issue:17	Synthesis, kinetic mechanism and docking studies of vanillin derivatives as inhibitors of mushroom tyrosinase.
AID1435217	Inhibition of tyrosinase in alpha-MSH-stimulated mouse B16F10 cells at 50 uM preincubated for 48 hrs followed by L-DOPA addition relative to control	2017	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry, 03-01, Volume: 25, Issue:5	New insights into highly potent tyrosinase inhibitors based on 3-heteroarylcoumarins: Anti-melanogenesis and antioxidant activities, and computational molecular modeling studies.
AID1366555	Inhibition of zebrafish embryo tyrosinase assessed as residual activity at 1000 ug/ml after 48 hrs relative to control	2017	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry, 12-15, Volume: 25, Issue:24	Potent anti-melanogenic activity and favorable toxicity profile of selected 4-phenyl hydroxycoumarins in the zebrafish model and the computational molecular modeling studies.
AID1760265	Antimelanogenic activity against mouse B16-F10 cells assessed as reduction of melanin content at 100 uM measured after 24 hrs by microplate reader assay	2020	European journal of medicinal chemistry, Sep-01, Volume: 201	Kojic acid-natural product conjugates as mushroom tyrosinase inhibitors.
AID1428458	Inhibition of mushroom tyrosinase using L-DOPA as substrate preincubated for 5 mins followed by substrate addition measured for 10 mins by spectrophotometric method	2016	Journal of natural products, Dec-23, Volume: 79, Issue:12	Antioxidant Flavonols and Phenolic Compounds from Atraphaxis frutescens and Their Inhibitory Activities against Insect Phenoloxidase and Mushroom Tyrosinase.
AID397007	Antibacterial activity against Pseudomonas aeruginosa PTCC 1074 after 24 hrs by microplate alamar blue assay	2009	European journal of medicinal chemistry, May, Volume: 44, Issue:5	Synthesis, antimicrobial evaluation and QSAR study of some 3-hydroxypyridine-4-one and 3-hydroxypyran-4-one derivatives.
AID1288140	Inhibition of diphenolase activity of mushroom tyrosinase preincubated for 10 mins followed by addition of L-DOPA measured for 5 mins by spectrophotometry	2016	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry, Apr-15, Volume: 24, Issue:8	Design and synthesis of thiourea derivatives with sulfur-containing heterocyclic scaffolds as potential tyrosinase inhibitors.
AID1269167	Inhibition of diphenolase activity of mushroom tyrosinase using L-DOPA as substrate preincubated with substrate for 10 mins followed by protein addition measured after 15 mins by spectrophotometric analysis	2016	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry, Jan-15, Volume: 24, Issue:2	Highly potent tyrosinase inhibitor, neorauflavane from Campylotropis hirtella and inhibitory mechanism with molecular docking.
AID538837	Inhibition of mushroom tyrosinase	2010	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters, Dec-15, Volume: 20, Issue:24	A novel ring-expanded product with enhanced tyrosinase inhibitory activity from classical Fe-catalyzed oxidation of rosmarinic acid, a potent antioxidative Lamiaceae polyphenol.
AID1366546	Inhibition of zebrafish embryo tyrosinase assessed as melanin production at 500 ug/ml after 48 hrs relative to control	2017	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry, 12-15, Volume: 25, Issue:24	Potent anti-melanogenic activity and favorable toxicity profile of selected 4-phenyl hydroxycoumarins in the zebrafish model and the computational molecular modeling studies.
AID1366351	Anti-melanogenic activity in wild type zebrafish 24 hrs post fertilization embryos assessed as decrease in body pigmentation at 100 ug/ml after 48 hrs	2017	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry, 12-15, Volume: 25, Issue:24	Potent anti-melanogenic activity and favorable toxicity profile of selected 4-phenyl hydroxycoumarins in the zebrafish model and the computational molecular modeling studies.
AID1879182	Acute toxicity in zebra fish embryos assessed as lack of somite formation at 50 to 200 uM measured after 24 to 48 hrs by stereomicroscope analysis	2022	European journal of medicinal chemistry, Mar-05, Volume: 231	Cinnamic acid derivatives linked to arylpiperazines as novel potent inhibitors of tyrosinase activity and melanin synthesis.
AID1603427	Competitive type inhibition of monophenolase activity of mushroom tyrosinase assessed as reduction in dopachrome formation using L-Tyrosine substrate by UV-Vis spectrophotometry based Dixon plot analysis	2019	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry, 06-15, Volume: 27, Issue:12	Tyrosinase inhibitory study of flavonolignans from the seeds of Silybum marianum (Milk thistle).
AID755116	Inhibition of human recombinant DAAO expressed in HEK293 cell lysate assessed as D-Serine conversion to H2O2 after 20 mins by spectrophotometric analysis	2013	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters, Jul-01, Volume: 23, Issue:13	Synthesis of kojic acid derivatives as secondary binding site probes of D-amino acid oxidase.
AID309025	Inhibition of mashroom tyrosinase
AID1366562	Inhibition of alpha-MSH stimulated tyrosinase in mouse B16 cells assessed as residual activity at 2 ug/ml preincubated for 24 hrs followed by alpha-MSH addition measured after 16 hrs	2017	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry, 12-15, Volume: 25, Issue:24	Potent anti-melanogenic activity and favorable toxicity profile of selected 4-phenyl hydroxycoumarins in the zebrafish model and the computational molecular modeling studies.
AID462352	Inhibition of mushroom tyrosinase at 1000 uM	2010	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry, Mar-15, Volume: 18, Issue:6	Melanogenesis inhibitors from the desert plant Anastatica hierochuntica in B16 melanoma cells.
AID1683458	Mixed inhibition of Tyrosinase (unknown origin) assessed as Michaelis-Menten constant at 25.6 uM using tyrosine as substrate incubated for 20 mins followed by substrate addition and measured every 10 mins for 30 mins by Lineweaver-Burk plot analysis (Rvb	2021	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry, 01-01, Volume: 29	Xanthones for melanogenesis inhibition: Molecular docking and QSAR studies to understand their anti-tyrosinase activity.
AID1396227	Inhibition of mushroom tyrosinase at 50 uM using L-tyrosine as substrate measured after 30 mins relative to control	2018	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry, 08-07, Volume: 26, Issue:14	The tyrosinase inhibitory effects of isoxazolone derivatives with a (Z)-β-phenyl-α, β-unsaturated carbonyl scaffold.
AID758107	Inhibition of mushroom tyrosinase using L-tyrosine as substrate assessed as amount of dopachrome produced at 40 uM after 30 mins by spectrophotometry	2013	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters, Jul-15, Volume: 23, Issue:14	De novo tyrosinase inhibitor: 4-(6,7-dihydro-5H-indeno[5,6-d]thiazol-2-yl)benzene-1,3-diol (MHY1556).
AID1683473	Mixed inhibition of Tyrosinase (unknown origin) assessed as maximal velocity at 3.2 uM using tyrosine as substrate incubated for 20 mins followed by substrate addition and measured every 10 mins for 30 mins by Lineweaver-Burk plot analysis (Rvb = 0.0042 +	2021	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry, 01-01, Volume: 29	Xanthones for melanogenesis inhibition: Molecular docking and QSAR studies to understand their anti-tyrosinase activity.
AID1589003	Inhibition of tyrosinase in alpha-MSH-stimulated mouse B16F10 cells assessed as reduction in melanin levels at 25 uM incubated for 24 hrs by by microplate reader based assay relative to control	2019	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry, 09-01, Volume: 27, Issue:17	Inhibitory effects of N-(acryloyl)benzamide derivatives on tyrosinase and melanogenesis.
AID1187701	Inhibition of tyrosinase in mouse B16 cells using L-DOPA as substrate preincubated at 50 uM for 10 mins by spectrophotometry relative to control	2014	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry, Sep-01, Volume: 22, Issue:17	Inhibitory effects of p-alkylaminophenol on melanogenesis.
AID292721	Survival of NMRI mouse for 30 days at 142 mg/kg, sc administered 24 hrs before cobalt 60 gamma irradiation	2007	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters, Jan-01, Volume: 17, Issue:1	Kojic acid and its manganese and zinc complexes as potential radioprotective agents.
AID1366338	Toxicity in wild type zebrafish embryos assessed as dead embryo at 2000 ug/ml treated for 96 hrs post fertilization starting from 6 hrs post fertilization by inverted microscopic analysis relative to control	2017	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry, 12-15, Volume: 25, Issue:24	Potent anti-melanogenic activity and favorable toxicity profile of selected 4-phenyl hydroxycoumarins in the zebrafish model and the computational molecular modeling studies.
AID1366553	Inhibition of zebrafish embryo tyrosinase assessed as residual activity at 2500 ug/ml after 48 hrs relative to control	2017	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry, 12-15, Volume: 25, Issue:24	Potent anti-melanogenic activity and favorable toxicity profile of selected 4-phenyl hydroxycoumarins in the zebrafish model and the computational molecular modeling studies.
AID749862	Inhibition of melanin production in alpha-MSH stimulated mouse B16 cells after 72 hrs by spectrophotometry	2013	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters, Jun-01, Volume: 23, Issue:11	Melanogenesis inhibitory daphnane diterpenoids from the flower buds of Daphne genkwa.
AID1194114	Competitive inhibition of mushroom tyrosinase assessed as inhibition of L-DOPA oxidase activity	2015	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters, Apr-15, Volume: 25, Issue:8	Azachalcones: a new class of potent polyphenol oxidase inhibitors.
AID450493	Inhibition of mushroom tyrosinase at 300 uM	2009	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry, Aug-15, Volume: 17, Issue:16	Melanogenesis inhibitors from the rhizomes of Alpinia officinarum in B16 melanoma cells.
AID1366424	Toxicity in wild type zebrafish embryos assessed as otoliths at 25 ug/ml treated for 96 hrs post fertilization starting from 6 hrs post fertilization by inverted microscopic analysis relative to control	2017	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry, 12-15, Volume: 25, Issue:24	Potent anti-melanogenic activity and favorable toxicity profile of selected 4-phenyl hydroxycoumarins in the zebrafish model and the computational molecular modeling studies.
AID1366348	Cytotoxicity against wild type zebrafish embryo melanocytes assessed as small and rounded cells at 12.5 ug/ml treated for 72 hrs post fertilization starting from 6 to 24 hrs post fertilization	2017	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry, 12-15, Volume: 25, Issue:24	Potent anti-melanogenic activity and favorable toxicity profile of selected 4-phenyl hydroxycoumarins in the zebrafish model and the computational molecular modeling studies.
AID1366515	Toxicity in wild type zebrafish embryos assessed as skeletal deformities at 25 ug/ml treated for 96 hrs post fertilization starting from 6 hrs post fertilization by inverted microscopic analysis relative to control	2017	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry, 12-15, Volume: 25, Issue:24	Potent anti-melanogenic activity and favorable toxicity profile of selected 4-phenyl hydroxycoumarins in the zebrafish model and the computational molecular modeling studies.
AID276017	Inhibition of tyrosinase at 100 uM	2006	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters, Nov-01, Volume: 16, Issue:21	Chemical transformations of oxyresveratrol (trans-2,4,3',5'-tetrahydroxystilbene) into a potent tyrosinase inhibitor and a strong cytotoxic agent.
AID410472	Inhibition of melanin production in mouse B16F10 cells at 400 ug/ml after 72 hrs relative to control	2009	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters, Jan-01, Volume: 19, Issue:1	Synthesis of tyrosinase inhibitory (4-oxo-4H-pyran-2-yl)acrylic acid ester derivatives.
AID1879181	Acute toxicity in zebra fish embryos assessed as lack of detachment of tail bud from yolk sac at 50 to 200 uM measured after 24 to 48 hrs by stereomicroscope analysis	2022	European journal of medicinal chemistry, Mar-05, Volume: 231	Cinnamic acid derivatives linked to arylpiperazines as novel potent inhibitors of tyrosinase activity and melanin synthesis.
AID1366430	Toxicity in wild type zebrafish embryos assessed as otoliths at 2000 ug/ml treated for 96 hrs post fertilization starting from 6 hrs post fertilization by inverted microscopic analysis relative to control	2017	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry, 12-15, Volume: 25, Issue:24	Potent anti-melanogenic activity and favorable toxicity profile of selected 4-phenyl hydroxycoumarins in the zebrafish model and the computational molecular modeling studies.
AID1709150	Inhibition of mushroom tyrosinase using L-Dopa as substrate preincubated for 10 mins followed by substrate addition and measured after 20 mins
AID610480	Inhibition of mushroom tyrosinase using L-DOPA after 10 mins by ELISA reader	2011	Journal of natural products, May-27, Volume: 74, Issue:5	Gusanlungionosides A-D, potential tyrosinase inhibitors from Arcangelisia gusanlung.
AID1331362	Cytotoxicity against human MNT1 cells	2017	ACS medicinal chemistry letters, Jan-12, Volume: 8, Issue:1	2-Hydroxypyridine-
AID331284	Inhibition of melanin production in mouse B16 cells at 1 mM	2008	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters, Jun-15, Volume: 18, Issue:12	Analogues of N-hydroxy-N'-phenylthiourea and N-hydroxy-N'-phenylurea as inhibitors of tyrosinase and melanin formation.
AID1155848	Inhibition of tyrosinase in mouse Melan-a cells assessed as decrease in L-DOPA Vmax at 120 uM by Lineweaver-Burk plot	2014	Journal of natural products, Jun-27, Volume: 77, Issue:6	Tyrosinase inhibitory activity of a glucosylated hydroxystilbene in mouse melan-a melanocytes.
AID1366459	Toxicity in wild type zebrafish embryos assessed as yolk edema at 100 ug/ml treated for 96 hrs post fertilization starting from 6 hrs post fertilization by inverted microscopic analysis relative to control	2017	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry, 12-15, Volume: 25, Issue:24	Potent anti-melanogenic activity and favorable toxicity profile of selected 4-phenyl hydroxycoumarins in the zebrafish model and the computational molecular modeling studies.
AID1684106	Antibacterial activity against Enterobacter xiangfangensis CP017183.1 assessed as reduction in cell viability after 24 hrs by microdilution method	2020	Journal of natural products, 12-24, Volume: 83, Issue:12	Penipyranicins A-C: Antibacterial Methylpyran Polyketides from a Hydrothermal Spring Sediment
AID1593916	Inhibition of mushroom tyrosinase assessed as reduction in dopachrome formation at 50 uM using L-DOPA as substrate preincubated for 20 mins followed by substrate addition by spectrophotometry relative to untreated control	2019	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry, 06-15, Volume: 27, Issue:12	Veratric acid derivatives containing benzylidene-hydrazine moieties as promising tyrosinase inhibitors and free radical scavengers.
AID589513	Inhibition of mushroom tyrosinase at 1.25 uM using L-tyrosine as a substrate	2011	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters, Apr-15, Volume: 21, Issue:8	Synthesis and biological activity of hydroxy substituted phenyl-benzo[d]thiazole analogues for antityrosinase activity in B16 cells.
AID1366391	Toxicity in wild type zebrafish embryos assessed as growth retardation at 2000 ug/ml treated for 96 hrs post fertilization starting from 6 hrs post fertilization by inverted microscopic analysis relative to control	2017	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry, 12-15, Volume: 25, Issue:24	Potent anti-melanogenic activity and favorable toxicity profile of selected 4-phenyl hydroxycoumarins in the zebrafish model and the computational molecular modeling studies.
AID662540	Depigmentation activity in mouse Melan-a cells after 4 days by spectrophotometry	2012	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters, Jun-15, Volume: 22, Issue:12	Depigmenting activities of kojic acid derivatives without tyrosinase inhibitory activities.
AID538836	Inhibition of mushroom tyrosinase at 0.01 mM	2010	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters, Dec-15, Volume: 20, Issue:24	A novel ring-expanded product with enhanced tyrosinase inhibitory activity from classical Fe-catalyzed oxidation of rosmarinic acid, a potent antioxidative Lamiaceae polyphenol.
AID492070	Inhibition of tyrosinase in human HEMn-MP assessed as reduction of melanin level at 100 uM after 2 days by spectrophotometric analysis	2010	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry, Jul-15, Volume: 18, Issue:14	(-)-N-Formylanonaine from Michelia alba as a human tyrosinase inhibitor and antioxidant.
AID1167964	Non-competitive inhibition of mushroom tyrosinase	2014	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry, Nov-01, Volume: 22, Issue:21	Structure-activity relationships of the thujaplicins for inhibition of human tyrosinase.
AID687640	Inhibition of mushroom tyrosinase using as L-DOPA substrate after 2 mins by spectrophotometric analysis	2011	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry, Jun-01, Volume: 19, Issue:11	Tyrosinase inhibitory activity of a 6-isoprenoid-substituted flavanone isolated from Dalea elegans.
AID1413034	Inhibition of mushroom tyrosinase using L-dopa as substrate preincubated for 10 mins followed by substrate addition and measured for 1 min by spectrophotometric method	2018	MedChemComm, May-01, Volume: 9, Issue:5	Design, synthesis and evaluation of cinnamic acid ester derivatives as mushroom tyrosinase inhibitors.
AID1588411	Inhibition of tyrosinase in mouse B16F0 cells at 100 uM using L-DOPA as substrate by UV-Visible spectrophotometric analysis relative to control	2019	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry, 08-15, Volume: 27, Issue:16	Melanogenic inhibitory effects of Triangularin in B16F0 melanoma cells, in vitro and molecular docking studies.
AID1299544	Inhibition of mushroom tyrosinase using L-tyrosine as a substrate after 30 mins by spectrophotometric method	2016	Journal of natural products, Feb-26, Volume: 79, Issue:2	N-Acyl Dehydrotyrosines, Tyrosinase Inhibitors from the Marine Bacterium Thalassotalea sp. PP2-459.
AID1366392	Toxicity in wild type zebrafish embryos assessed as growth retardation at 1000 ug/ml treated for 96 hrs post fertilization starting from 6 hrs post fertilization by inverted microscopic analysis relative to control	2017	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry, 12-15, Volume: 25, Issue:24	Potent anti-melanogenic activity and favorable toxicity profile of selected 4-phenyl hydroxycoumarins in the zebrafish model and the computational molecular modeling studies.
AID1366398	Toxicity in wild type zebrafish embryos assessed as notochord at 25 ug/ml treated for 96 hrs post fertilization starting from 6 hrs post fertilization by inverted microscopic analysis relative to control	2017	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry, 12-15, Volume: 25, Issue:24	Potent anti-melanogenic activity and favorable toxicity profile of selected 4-phenyl hydroxycoumarins in the zebrafish model and the computational molecular modeling studies.
AID1257138	Competitive inhibition of mushroom tyrosinase polyphenol oxidase activity using L-DOPA as substrate by Dixon plot analysis	2015	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters, Dec-01, Volume: 25, Issue:23	Inhibitory kinetics of novel 2,3-dihydro-1H-inden-1-one chalcone-like derivatives on mushroom tyrosinase.
AID410468	Inhibition of mushroom tyrosinase	2009	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters, Jan-01, Volume: 19, Issue:1	Synthesis of tyrosinase inhibitory (4-oxo-4H-pyran-2-yl)acrylic acid ester derivatives.
AID1191487	Inhibition of tyrosinase (unknown origin) using L-DOPA as substrate assessed as dopachrome production at 100 uM	2015	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry, Feb-01, Volume: 23, Issue:3	Investigation of fatty acid conjugates of 3,5-bisarylmethylene-4-piperidone derivatives as antitumor agents and human topoisomerase-IIα inhibitors.
AID1366508	Toxicity in wild type zebrafish embryos assessed as head malformation at 2000 ug/ml treated for 96 hrs post fertilization starting from 6 hrs post fertilization by inverted microscopic analysis relative to control	2017	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry, 12-15, Volume: 25, Issue:24	Potent anti-melanogenic activity and favorable toxicity profile of selected 4-phenyl hydroxycoumarins in the zebrafish model and the computational molecular modeling studies.
AID1813182	Inhibition of melanin production in zebra fish assessed reduction in melanin level in tail at 25 to 100 uM measured 48 hrs post fertilization	2021	European journal of medicinal chemistry, Dec-15, Volume: 226	Design, synthesis and biological evaluation of tyrosinase-targeting PROTACs.
AID1325094	Inhibition of mushroom tyrosinase activity using L-tyrosine as substrate at 100 uM after 30 mins	2016	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry, 12-01, Volume: 24, Issue:23	Melanogenesis inhibitory activity of a 7-O-9'-linked neolignan from Alpinia galanga fruit.
AID687758	Inhibition of mushroom tyrosinase diphenolase activity	2011	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry, Jun-01, Volume: 19, Issue:11	Tyrosinase inhibitory activity of a 6-isoprenoid-substituted flavanone isolated from Dalea elegans.
AID405958	Inhibition of mushroom tyrosinase activity after 10 mins	2008	Journal of natural products, Jun, Volume: 71, Issue:6	Pyronane monoterpenoids from the fruit of Gardenia jasminoides.
AID1366450	Toxicity in wild type zebrafish embryos assessed as yolk edema at 25 ug/ml treated for 96 hrs post fertilization starting from 6 hrs post fertilization by inverted microscopic analysis relative to control	2017	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry, 12-15, Volume: 25, Issue:24	Potent anti-melanogenic activity and favorable toxicity profile of selected 4-phenyl hydroxycoumarins in the zebrafish model and the computational molecular modeling studies.
AID1813170	Binding affinity to Bacillus megaterium Tyrosinase expressed in Escherichia coli BL21 assessed as dissociation constant incubated for 5 mins by by Red-NHS fluorescence dye-based microscale thermophoresis analysis	2021	European journal of medicinal chemistry, Dec-15, Volume: 226	Design, synthesis and biological evaluation of tyrosinase-targeting PROTACs.
AID1366524	Toxicity in wild type zebrafish embryos assessed as skeletal deformities at 100 ug/ml treated for 96 hrs post fertilization starting from 6 hrs post fertilization by inverted microscopic analysis relative to control	2017	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry, 12-15, Volume: 25, Issue:24	Potent anti-melanogenic activity and favorable toxicity profile of selected 4-phenyl hydroxycoumarins in the zebrafish model and the computational molecular modeling studies.
AID1709251	Inhibition of tyrosinase in mouse B16F10 cells assessed melanin level at 100 uM after 24 hrs relative to control	2021	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry, 04-15, Volume: 36	The natural-based optimization of kojic acid conjugated to different thio-quinazolinones as potential anti-melanogenesis agents with tyrosinase inhibitory activity.
AID1813168	Aqueous solubility of compound	2021	European journal of medicinal chemistry, Dec-15, Volume: 226	Design, synthesis and biological evaluation of tyrosinase-targeting PROTACs.
AID566702	Inhibition of human recombinant MMP1 at 1 mM after 30 mins	2011	Journal of medicinal chemistry, Jan-27, Volume: 54, Issue:2	Identifying chelators for metalloprotein inhibitors using a fragment-based approach.
AID1405933	Inhibition of mushroom tyrosinase	2018	European journal of medicinal chemistry, Aug-05, Volume: 156	Current progress on antioxidants incorporating the pyrazole core.
AID1247678	Inhibition of mushroom tyrosinase assessed as reduction in L-DOPA oxidase activity using L-DOPA substrate	2015	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters, Oct-01, Volume: 25, Issue:19	Integrated kinetic studies and computational analysis on naphthyl chalcones as mushroom tyrosinase inhibitors.
AID1635905	Inhibition of 8-histidine tagged influenza virus H1N1 N-terminal PA endonuclease expressed in Echerichia coli BL21 cells at 50 uM using single-stranded 5'-FAM fluorophore/3'-TAMRA quencher)-labeled 17-mer ssDNA-oligomer substrate measured over 45 mins by	2016	Journal of medicinal chemistry, 07-14, Volume: 59, Issue:13	Fragment-Based Identification of Influenza Endonuclease Inhibitors.
AID1683470	Mixed inhibition of Tyrosinase (unknown origin) assessed as maximal velocity at 25.6 uM using tyrosine as substrate incubated for 20 mins followed by substrate addition and measured every 10 mins for 30 mins by Lineweaver-Burk plot analysis (Rvb = 0.0042	2021	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry, 01-01, Volume: 29	Xanthones for melanogenesis inhibition: Molecular docking and QSAR studies to understand their anti-tyrosinase activity.
AID537590	Inhibition of mushroom tyrosinase after 15 mins	2010	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry, Nov-15, Volume: 18, Issue:22	Structural insights into the hot spot amino acid residues of mushroom tyrosinase for the bindings of thujaplicins.
AID1588426	Inhibition of intracellular tyrosinase in mouse B16F0 cells at 3000 uM using L-DOPA as substrate preincubated with compound followed by substrate addition and measured after 20 mins by UV-Visible spectrophotometric analysis relative to control	2019	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry, 08-15, Volume: 27, Issue:16	Melanogenic inhibitory effects of Triangularin in B16F0 melanoma cells, in vitro and molecular docking studies.
AID1366502	Toxicity in wild type zebrafish embryos assessed as head malformation at 25 ug/ml treated for 96 hrs post fertilization starting from 6 hrs post fertilization by inverted microscopic analysis relative to control	2017	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry, 12-15, Volume: 25, Issue:24	Potent anti-melanogenic activity and favorable toxicity profile of selected 4-phenyl hydroxycoumarins in the zebrafish model and the computational molecular modeling studies.
AID1366509	Toxicity in wild type zebrafish embryos assessed as head malformation at 1000 ug/ml treated for 96 hrs post fertilization starting from 6 hrs post fertilization by inverted microscopic analysis relative to control	2017	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry, 12-15, Volume: 25, Issue:24	Potent anti-melanogenic activity and favorable toxicity profile of selected 4-phenyl hydroxycoumarins in the zebrafish model and the computational molecular modeling studies.
AID440836	Inhibition of mushroom tyrosinase at 20 uM by UV spectrophotometry	2009	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters, Oct-01, Volume: 19, Issue:19	Kojic acid-amino acid conjugates as tyrosinase inhibitors.
AID441045	Inhibition of mushroom tyrosinase at 20 uM after 3 days by UV spectrophotometry	2009	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters, Oct-01, Volume: 19, Issue:19	Kojic acid-amino acid conjugates as tyrosinase inhibitors.
AID259214	Inhibitory activity against tyrosinase	2006	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters, Jan-15, Volume: 16, Issue:2	New tyrosinase inhibitors selected by atomic linear indices-based classification models.
AID440835	Chemical stability at 20 uM at 50 degC after 3 months	2009	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters, Oct-01, Volume: 19, Issue:19	Kojic acid-amino acid conjugates as tyrosinase inhibitors.
AID1174113	Antimycobacterial activity against Mycobacterium tuberculosis H37Ra after 7 days by microplate Alamar blue assay	2015	European journal of medicinal chemistry, Jan-07, Volume: 89	Antimycobacterial activity of natural products and synthetic agents: pyrrolodiquinolines and vermelhotin as anti-tubercular leads against clinical multidrug resistant isolates of Mycobacterium tuberculosis.
AID462366	Inhibition of mushroom tyrosinase assessed as inhibition of melanin production from dopachrome by autoxidation	2010	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry, Mar-15, Volume: 18, Issue:6	Melanogenesis inhibitors from the desert plant Anastatica hierochuntica in B16 melanoma cells.
AID108470	Cytotoxicity of compound against Melan-a cells determined as percent cell survival at 1 ppm	2004	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters, Jun-07, Volume: 14, Issue:11	Solid-phase synthesis of kojic acid-tripeptides and their tyrosinase inhibitory activity, storage stability, and toxicity.
AID697856	Inhibition of alpha-MSH-induced melanogenesis in mouse B16F10 cells after 3 days by spectrophotometric analysis	2012	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters, Nov-15, Volume: 22, Issue:22	Discovery of small molecules that inhibit melanogenesis via regulation of tyrosinase expression.
AID72038	Ability to induce dNTP pool imbalance at 41 uM dose was tested; significant imbalance in the intracellular dNTP pool in FM3A cells	1992	Journal of medicinal chemistry, Jan-24, Volume: 35, Issue:2	Synthesis and antitumor activity of tropolone derivatives. 7. Bistropolones containing connecting methylene chains.
AID1593918	Antioxidant activity assessed as DPPH radical scavenging activity incubated for 30 mins under dark condition	2019	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry, 06-15, Volume: 27, Issue:12	Veratric acid derivatives containing benzylidene-hydrazine moieties as promising tyrosinase inhibitors and free radical scavengers.
AID1366544	Inhibition of zebrafish embryo tyrosinase assessed as melanin production at 2000 ug/ml after 48 hrs relative to control	2017	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry, 12-15, Volume: 25, Issue:24	Potent anti-melanogenic activity and favorable toxicity profile of selected 4-phenyl hydroxycoumarins in the zebrafish model and the computational molecular modeling studies.
AID1442862	Inhibition of mushroom tyrosinase using L-tyrosine as substrate preincubated for 10 mins followed by substrate addition measured after 20 mins by spectrophotometric method	2017	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters, 04-15, Volume: 27, Issue:8	Chemical and bioactivity of flavanones obtained from roots of Dalea pazensis Rusby.
AID292725	Increase in survival of subcutaneously dosed NMRI mouse irradiated with cobalt 60 gamma relative to control	2007	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters, Jan-01, Volume: 17, Issue:1	Kojic acid and its manganese and zinc complexes as potential radioprotective agents.
AID1366485	Toxicity in wild type zebrafish embryos assessed as blood circulation at 100 ug/ml treated for 96 hrs post fertilization starting from 6 hrs post fertilization by inverted microscopic analysis relative to control	2017	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry, 12-15, Volume: 25, Issue:24	Potent anti-melanogenic activity and favorable toxicity profile of selected 4-phenyl hydroxycoumarins in the zebrafish model and the computational molecular modeling studies.
AID730305	Inhibition of mushroom tyrosinase assessed as reduction in diphenolase activity using L-DOPA substrate pre-incubated for 20 mins at 30 degC	2013	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry, Apr-01, Volume: 21, Issue:7	Design and synthesis of 3,5-diaryl-4,5-dihydro-1H-pyrazoles as new tyrosinase inhibitors.
AID1059453	Inhibition of mushroom tyrosinase using L-tyrosine as substrate preincubated for 10 mins followed by enzyme addition measured after 20 mins by microplate reader analysis	2013	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters, Dec-15, Volume: 23, Issue:24	Synthesis, antioxidant capacity, and structure-activity relationships of tri-O-methylnorbergenin analogues on tyrosinase inhibition.
AID1064748	Inhibition of mushroom tyrosinase using L-DOPA as substrate preincubated for 10 mins with substrate followed by enzyme addition measured after 15 mins by spectrophotometry	2014	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry, Feb-01, Volume: 22, Issue:3	Inhibition of tyrosinase activity by polyphenol compounds from Flemingia philippinensis roots.
AID450494	Inhibition of mushroom tyrosinase at 1000 uM	2009	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry, Aug-15, Volume: 17, Issue:16	Melanogenesis inhibitors from the rhizomes of Alpinia officinarum in B16 melanoma cells.
AID566705	Inhibition of human recombinant MMP8 at 1 mM after 30 mins	2011	Journal of medicinal chemistry, Jan-27, Volume: 54, Issue:2	Identifying chelators for metalloprotein inhibitors using a fragment-based approach.
AID1588427	Inhibition of intracellular tyrosinase in mouse B16F0 cells at 4000 uM using L-DOPA as substrate preincubated with compound followed by substrate addition and measured after 20 mins by UV-Visible spectrophotometric analysis relative to control	2019	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry, 08-15, Volume: 27, Issue:16	Melanogenic inhibitory effects of Triangularin in B16F0 melanoma cells, in vitro and molecular docking studies.
AID1442858	Inhibition of intracellular tyrosinase activity in mouse B16 cells at 500 uM using L-DOPA as substrate preincubated for 24 hrs followed by substrate addition and subsequent incubation for 20 mins measured at 1 min interval for 10 mins by MBTH reagent base	2017	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters, 04-15, Volume: 27, Issue:8	Chemical and bioactivity of flavanones obtained from roots of Dalea pazensis Rusby.
AID1366523	Toxicity in wild type zebrafish embryos assessed as skeletal deformities at 500 ug/ml treated for 96 hrs post fertilization starting from 6 hrs post fertilization by inverted microscopic analysis relative to control	2017	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry, 12-15, Volume: 25, Issue:24	Potent anti-melanogenic activity and favorable toxicity profile of selected 4-phenyl hydroxycoumarins in the zebrafish model and the computational molecular modeling studies.
AID1064750	Inhibition of mushroom tyrosinase using L-tyrosine as substrate preincubated for 10 mins with substrate followed by enzyme addition measured after 15 mins by spectrophotometry	2014	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry, Feb-01, Volume: 22, Issue:3	Inhibition of tyrosinase activity by polyphenol compounds from Flemingia philippinensis roots.
AID566704	Inhibition of human recombinant MMP3 at 1 mM after 30 mins	2011	Journal of medicinal chemistry, Jan-27, Volume: 54, Issue:2	Identifying chelators for metalloprotein inhibitors using a fragment-based approach.
AID639982	Antimelanogenic activity at alpha-MSH-stimulated mouse melanoma B16 cells after 3 days by spectrophotometry	2012	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters, Jan-15, Volume: 22, Issue:2	Structure-activity relationship of naphthaldehydethiosemicarbazones in melanogenesis inhibition.
AID1442853	Cytotoxicity against mouse B16 cells after 24 hrs by MTT assay	2017	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters, 04-15, Volume: 27, Issue:8	Chemical and bioactivity of flavanones obtained from roots of Dalea pazensis Rusby.
AID662542	Ratio of IC50 for cytotoxicity against mouse Melan-a cells to IC50 for depigmentation in mouse Melan-a cells	2012	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters, Jun-15, Volume: 22, Issue:12	Depigmenting activities of kojic acid derivatives without tyrosinase inhibitory activities.
AID1366378	Toxicity in wild type zebrafish embryos assessed as normal embryo at 2000 ug/ml treated for 96 hrs post fertilization starting from 6 hrs post fertilization by inverted microscopic analysis relative to control	2017	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry, 12-15, Volume: 25, Issue:24	Potent anti-melanogenic activity and favorable toxicity profile of selected 4-phenyl hydroxycoumarins in the zebrafish model and the computational molecular modeling studies.
AID1611944	Selectivity ratio of IC50 for human tyrosinase to IC50 for mushroom tyrosinase	2018	Journal of medicinal chemistry, 09-13, Volume: 61, Issue:17	Inhibitors of Melanogenesis: An Updated Review.
AID1396237	Inhibition of tyrosinase in alpha-MSH stimulated mouse B16F10 cells at 25 uM using L-dopa as substrate pretreated for 24 hrs followed by substrate addition and measured after 30 mins	2018	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry, 08-07, Volume: 26, Issue:14	The tyrosinase inhibitory effects of isoxazolone derivatives with a (Z)-β-phenyl-α, β-unsaturated carbonyl scaffold.
AID1879186	Cytotoxicity against human A-375 cells assessed as reduction in cell viability incubated for 72 hrs by MTT assay	2022	European journal of medicinal chemistry, Mar-05, Volume: 231	Cinnamic acid derivatives linked to arylpiperazines as novel potent inhibitors of tyrosinase activity and melanin synthesis.
AID492067	Inhibition of mushroom tyrosinase after 30 mins by spectrophotometric analysis	2010	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry, Jul-15, Volume: 18, Issue:14	(-)-N-Formylanonaine from Michelia alba as a human tyrosinase inhibitor and antioxidant.
AID528275	Antiinflammatory activity in mouse RAW264.7 cells assessed as inhibition of LPS-induced nitric oxide production treated for 30 mins before LPS challenge measured after 24 hrs by Griess reagent method	2010	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters, Nov-15, Volume: 20, Issue:22	Kojyl thioether derivatives having both tyrosinase inhibitory and anti-inflammatory properties.
AID1713534	Inhibition of mushroom tyrosinase using DHICA as substrate measured for 15 mins by UV-vis spectrophotometry	2016	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry, 11-15, Volume: 24, Issue:22	ArgTX-636, a polyamine isolated from spider venom: A novel class of melanogenesis inhibitors.
AID1695068	Inhibition of mushroom tyrosinase assessed as reduction in dopachrome formation using L-tyrosine as substrate measured for 30 mins by microplate assay	2020	RSC medicinal chemistry, Apr-01, Volume: 11, Issue:4	Arylsulfonyl histamine derivatives as powerful and selective α-glucosidase inhibitors.
AID1366368	Toxicity in wild type zebrafish embryos assessed as teratogenic embryo at 100 ug/ml treated for 96 hrs post fertilization starting from 6 hrs post fertilization by inverted microscopic analysis relative to control	2017	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry, 12-15, Volume: 25, Issue:24	Potent anti-melanogenic activity and favorable toxicity profile of selected 4-phenyl hydroxycoumarins in the zebrafish model and the computational molecular modeling studies.
AID1172562	Inhibition of melanogenesis in mouse B16F10 cells assessed as reduction in melanin level at 1 mM incubated for 72 hrs	2014	European journal of medicinal chemistry, Nov-24, Volume: 87	Synthesis of dihydroresveratrol glycosides and evaluation of their activity against melanogenesis in B16F0 melanoma cells.
AID662539	Inhibition of mushroom tyrosinase using L-DOPA as substrate after 20 mins by spectrophotometry	2012	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters, Jun-15, Volume: 22, Issue:12	Depigmenting activities of kojic acid derivatives without tyrosinase inhibitory activities.
AID1760267	Cytotoxicity against human HFF cells assessed as reduction in cell viability by MTT assay	2020	European journal of medicinal chemistry, Sep-01, Volume: 201	Kojic acid-natural product conjugates as mushroom tyrosinase inhibitors.
AID1139767	Antimelanogenic activity in mouse B16/F10 cells assessed as inhibition of alpha-MSH-induced melanin formation at 1 mM after 24 hrs by ELISA relative to control	2014	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry, May-01, Volume: 22, Issue:9	Inhibitory effects of novel synthetic methimazole derivatives on mushroom tyrosinase and melanogenesis.
AID1190839	Antimelanogenic activity in mouse B16F10 cells assessed as inhibition of melanin production after 4 days	2015	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters, Feb-15, Volume: 25, Issue:4	Flavokawains B and C, melanogenesis inhibitors, isolated from the root of Piper methysticum and synthesis of analogs.
AID462346	Inhibition of mushroom tyrosinase at 10 uM	2010	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry, Mar-15, Volume: 18, Issue:6	Melanogenesis inhibitors from the desert plant Anastatica hierochuntica in B16 melanoma cells.
AID1813179	Inhibition of melanin production in zebra fish assessed reduction in melanin level in back at 25 to 100 uM measured 48 hrs post fertilization	2021	European journal of medicinal chemistry, Dec-15, Volume: 226	Design, synthesis and biological evaluation of tyrosinase-targeting PROTACs.
AID1369418	Inhibition of mushroom tyrosinase diphenolase activity using L-DOPA as substrate preincubated with substrate for 10 mins followed by protein addition measured after 5 mins by spectrophotometric method	2018	Journal of medicinal chemistry, 05-10, Volume: 61, Issue:9	Targeting Tyrosinase: Development and Structural Insights of Novel Inhibitors Bearing Arylpiperidine and Arylpiperazine Fragments.
AID1713543	Inhibition of tyrosinase in mouse B16-F10 cells at 100 uM using L-DOPA as substrate incubated for 30 mins followed by substrate addition and measured after 40 mins relative to control	2016	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry, 11-15, Volume: 24, Issue:22	ArgTX-636, a polyamine isolated from spider venom: A novel class of melanogenesis inhibitors.
AID174351	The control period of compound (microg of Fe/h) for biliary excretion of Iron after intravenous administration to the rats	1994	Journal of medicinal chemistry, Jan-07, Volume: 37, Issue:1	Enhancement of iron excretion via monoanionic 3-hydroxypyrid-4-ones.
AID1424389	Inhibition of diphenolase activity of mushroom tyrosinase pre-incubated for 30 mins before L-DOPA substrate addition and measured after 1 min by spectrophotometric assay	2017	European journal of medicinal chemistry, Dec-15, Volume: 142	Recent advances (2015-2016) in anticancer hybrids.
AID457968	Inhibition of alpha-MSH-induced melanin production in mouse B16 cells after 72 hrs	2010	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry, Feb-15, Volume: 18, Issue:4	Evaluation of 3,4-dihydroquinazoline-2(1H)-thiones as inhibitors of alpha-MSH-induced melanin production in melanoma B16 cells.
AID587205	Inhibition of mushroom tyrosinase preincubated for 10 mins before addition of 1.7 mM L-tyrosine measured after 20 mins by spectrophotometric method	2011	Journal of natural products, Feb-25, Volume: 74, Issue:2	Prenylated flavanones with anti-tyrosinase activity from Dalea boliviana.
AID1366404	Toxicity in wild type zebrafish embryos assessed as notochord at 2000 ug/ml treated for 96 hrs post fertilization starting from 6 hrs post fertilization by inverted microscopic analysis relative to control	2017	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry, 12-15, Volume: 25, Issue:24	Potent anti-melanogenic activity and favorable toxicity profile of selected 4-phenyl hydroxycoumarins in the zebrafish model and the computational molecular modeling studies.
AID1366537	Inhibition of zebrafish embryo tyrosinase assessed as melanin production at 25 ug/ml after 48 hrs relative to control relative to control	2017	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry, 12-15, Volume: 25, Issue:24	Potent anti-melanogenic activity and favorable toxicity profile of selected 4-phenyl hydroxycoumarins in the zebrafish model and the computational molecular modeling studies.
AID484880	Inhibition of mushroom tyrosinase preincubated for 5 mins before addition of L-DOPA measured after 10 mins	2010	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters, Jun-15, Volume: 20, Issue:12	Synthesis and biological activity of oxadiazole and triazolothiadiazole derivatives as tyrosinase inhibitors.
AID1498924	Inhibition of mushroom tyrosinase using L-DOPA as substrate preincubated for 10 mins followed by substrate addition measured after 20 mins	2018	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry, 07-30, Volume: 26, Issue:13	Developing hybrid molecule therapeutics for diverse enzyme inhibitory action: Active role of coumarin-based structural leads in drug discovery.
AID1325095	Inhibition of mushroom tyrosinase activity using L-DOPA as substrate at 10 uM after 30 mins	2016	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry, 12-01, Volume: 24, Issue:23	Melanogenesis inhibitory activity of a 7-O-9'-linked neolignan from Alpinia galanga fruit.
AID1181362	Inhibition of mushroom tyrosinase using L-DOPA as substrate at 25 uM by spectrophotometry relative to control	2014	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry, Aug-01, Volume: 22, Issue:15	Effect of p-aminophenols on tyrosinase activity.
AID1603432	Competitive type inhibition of diphenolase activity of mushroom tyrosinase assessed as reduction in dopachrome formation using L-DOPA substrate by UV-Vis spectrophotometry based Dixon plot analysis	2019	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry, 06-15, Volume: 27, Issue:12	Tyrosinase inhibitory study of flavonolignans from the seeds of Silybum marianum (Milk thistle).
AID722989	Inhibition of quorum sensing system in Chromobacterium violaceum ATCC 31532 assessed as inhibition of violacein pigment production measured per disk after 48 hrs by NCCLS disk diffusion method	2013	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry, Jan-01, Volume: 21, Issue:1	Synthesis of cembranoid analogues and evaluation of their potential as quorum sensing inhibitors.
AID1879213	Anti-melanogenic activity against zebra fish embryos assessed as proportion of embryos with none to mild moderate decrease in melanogenesis at 200 uM measured after 48 hrs by stereomicroscope analysis relative to control	2022	European journal of medicinal chemistry, Mar-05, Volume: 231	Cinnamic acid derivatives linked to arylpiperazines as novel potent inhibitors of tyrosinase activity and melanin synthesis.
AID1247679	Inhibition of mushroom tyrosinase assessed as reduction in L-DOPA oxidase activity using L-DOPA substrate at 5 uM by Dixon plot	2015	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters, Oct-01, Volume: 25, Issue:19	Integrated kinetic studies and computational analysis on naphthyl chalcones as mushroom tyrosinase inhibitors.
AID427670	Inhibition of mushroom tyrosinase activity after 30 mins by spectrophotometry	2009	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry, Jul-01, Volume: 17, Issue:13	Potential antioxidants and tyrosinase inhibitors from synthetic polyphenolic deoxybenzoins.
AID1163969	Inhibition of mushroom tyrosinase at 100 ug/ml using L-DOPA as substrate after 2 mins by spectrophotometry	2014	European journal of medicinal chemistry, Oct-30, Volume: 86	Anti-tyrosinase, antioxidant, and antibacterial activities of novel 5-hydroxy-4-acetyl-2,3-dihydronaphtho[1,2-b]furans.
AID1879211	Anti-melanogenic activity against zebra fish embryos assessed as proportion of embryos showing moderate decrease in melanogenesis at 200 uM measured after 48 hrs by stereomicroscope analysis relative to control	2022	European journal of medicinal chemistry, Mar-05, Volume: 231	Cinnamic acid derivatives linked to arylpiperazines as novel potent inhibitors of tyrosinase activity and melanin synthesis.
AID1684105	Antibacterial activity against Staphylococcus aureus CP011526.1 assessed as reduction in cell viability after 24 hrs by microdilution method	2020	Journal of natural products, 12-24, Volume: 83, Issue:12	Penipyranicins A-C: Antibacterial Methylpyran Polyketides from a Hydrothermal Spring Sediment
AID1366372	Toxicity in wild type zebrafish embryos assessed as normal embryo at 25 ug/ml treated for 96 hrs post fertilization starting from 6 hrs post fertilization by inverted microscopic analysis relative to control	2017	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry, 12-15, Volume: 25, Issue:24	Potent anti-melanogenic activity and favorable toxicity profile of selected 4-phenyl hydroxycoumarins in the zebrafish model and the computational molecular modeling studies.
AID655300	Cytotoxicity against mouse Melan-a cells assessed as cell survival at 3 mM	2012	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters, Mar-01, Volume: 22, Issue:5	Depigmenting activity of new kojic acid derivative obtained as a side product in the synthesis of cinnamate of kojic acid.
AID1303928	Copper chelating activity in pH 7.4 copper sulfate solution at 0.952 mM after 10 mins by tetramethylmurexide dye based assay relative to control	2016	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters, 07-01, Volume: 26, Issue:13	Design and synthesis of novel hydroxypyridinone derivatives as potential tyrosinase inhibitors.
AID428333	Inhibition of catecholase activity of tyrosinase in mouse B16 cells assessed as dopachrome formation at 100 uM	2009	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters, Aug-01, Volume: 19, Issue:15	N-[(Dihydroxyphenyl)acyl]serotonins as potent inhibitors of tyrosinase from mouse and human melanoma cells.
AID1366563	Toxicity in wild type zebrafish embryos assessed as scoliosis at 2.5 ug/ml treated for 96 hrs post fertilization starting from 6 hrs post fertilization by inverted microscopic analysis relative to control	2017	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry, 12-15, Volume: 25, Issue:24	Potent anti-melanogenic activity and favorable toxicity profile of selected 4-phenyl hydroxycoumarins in the zebrafish model and the computational molecular modeling studies.
AID1167969	Ratio of IC50 for tyrosinase in human G-361 cells to IC50 for mushroom tyrosinase	2014	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry, Nov-01, Volume: 22, Issue:21	Structure-activity relationships of the thujaplicins for inhibition of human tyrosinase.
AID1562598	Cytotoxicity against mouse B16F10 cells assessed as cell viability at 10 uM measured after 48 hrs by MTT assay	2019	European journal of medicinal chemistry, Sep-15, Volume: 178	Exploiting the 1-(4-fluorobenzyl)piperazine fragment for the development of novel tyrosinase inhibitors as anti-melanogenic agents: Design, synthesis, structural insights and biological profile.
AID1366510	Toxicity in wild type zebrafish embryos assessed as head malformation at 500 ug/ml treated for 96 hrs post fertilization starting from 6 hrs post fertilization by inverted microscopic analysis relative to control	2017	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry, 12-15, Volume: 25, Issue:24	Potent anti-melanogenic activity and favorable toxicity profile of selected 4-phenyl hydroxycoumarins in the zebrafish model and the computational molecular modeling studies.
AID1366443	Toxicity in wild type zebrafish embryos assessed as pericardial edema at 2000 ug/ml treated for 96 hrs post fertilization starting from 6 hrs post fertilization by inverted microscopic analysis relative to control	2017	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry, 12-15, Volume: 25, Issue:24	Potent anti-melanogenic activity and favorable toxicity profile of selected 4-phenyl hydroxycoumarins in the zebrafish model and the computational molecular modeling studies.
AID356137	Inhibition of tyrosinase	2003	Journal of natural products, Jul, Volume: 66, Issue:7	Acetophenone derivatives from Acronychia pedunculata.
AID1366407	Toxicity in wild type zebrafish embryos assessed as notochord at 100 ug/ml treated for 96 hrs post fertilization starting from 6 hrs post fertilization by inverted microscopic analysis relative to control	2017	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry, 12-15, Volume: 25, Issue:24	Potent anti-melanogenic activity and favorable toxicity profile of selected 4-phenyl hydroxycoumarins in the zebrafish model and the computational molecular modeling studies.
AID1418655	Inhibition of tyrosinase in alpha-MSH stimulated mouse B16F10 cells at 25 uM using L-dopa as substrate pretreated for 24 hrs followed by substrate addition and measured after 30 mins	2018	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry, 11-15, Volume: 26, Issue:21	Design, synthesis and anti-melanogenic effect of cinnamamide derivatives.
AID1366469	Toxicity in wild type zebrafish embryos assessed as heart beat at 2000 ug/ml treated for 96 hrs post fertilization starting from 6 hrs post fertilization by inverted microscopic analysis relative to control	2017	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry, 12-15, Volume: 25, Issue:24	Potent anti-melanogenic activity and favorable toxicity profile of selected 4-phenyl hydroxycoumarins in the zebrafish model and the computational molecular modeling studies.
AID294151	Inhibition of diphenolase activity of mushroom tyrosinase at 0.118 mM	2007	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry, Apr-01, Volume: 15, Issue:7	Identification of tyrosinase inhibitors from Marrubium velutinum and Marrubium cylleneum.
AID1253937	Inhibition of mushroom tyrosinase using L-DOPA as substrate assessed as formation of L-DOPA chrome preincubated for 10 mins followed by addition of substrate measured over 10 mins by fluorescence assay	2015	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry, Nov-01, Volume: 23, Issue:21	Synthesis of novel compounds containing morpholine and 5(4H)-oxazolone rings as potent tyrosinase inhibitors.
AID1269176	Cytotoxicity against mouse B16 cells assessed as cell viability after 72 hrs by MTT assay	2016	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry, Jan-15, Volume: 24, Issue:2	Highly potent tyrosinase inhibitor, neorauflavane from Campylotropis hirtella and inhibitory mechanism with molecular docking.
AID292720	Toxicity in subcutaneously injected NMRI mouse	2007	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters, Jan-01, Volume: 17, Issue:1	Kojic acid and its manganese and zinc complexes as potential radioprotective agents.
AID303545	Inhibition of mushroom tyrosinase assessed as decrease in fluorescence at 0.2 mM	2007	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters, Dec-15, Volume: 17, Issue:24	Discovery of small-molecule inhibitors of tyrosinase.
AID1366472	Toxicity in wild type zebrafish embryos assessed as heart beat at 100 ug/ml treated for 96 hrs post fertilization starting from 6 hrs post fertilization by inverted microscopic analysis relative to control	2017	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry, 12-15, Volume: 25, Issue:24	Potent anti-melanogenic activity and favorable toxicity profile of selected 4-phenyl hydroxycoumarins in the zebrafish model and the computational molecular modeling studies.
AID1366437	Toxicity in wild type zebrafish embryos assessed as pericardial edema at 25 ug/ml treated for 96 hrs post fertilization starting from 6 hrs post fertilization by inverted microscopic analysis relative to control	2017	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry, 12-15, Volume: 25, Issue:24	Potent anti-melanogenic activity and favorable toxicity profile of selected 4-phenyl hydroxycoumarins in the zebrafish model and the computational molecular modeling studies.
AID428332	Inhibition of catecholase activity of tyrosinase in mouse B16 cells assessed as dopachrome formation	2009	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters, Aug-01, Volume: 19, Issue:15	N-[(Dihydroxyphenyl)acyl]serotonins as potent inhibitors of tyrosinase from mouse and human melanoma cells.
AID1442854	Inhibition of tyrosinase in mouse B16 cells assessed as reduction in melanin production measured after 24 hrs	2017	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters, 04-15, Volume: 27, Issue:8	Chemical and bioactivity of flavanones obtained from roots of Dalea pazensis Rusby.
AID1366420	Toxicity in wild type zebrafish embryos assessed as eyes at 100 ug/ml treated for 96 hrs post fertilization starting from 6 hrs post fertilization by inverted microscopic analysis relative to control	2017	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry, 12-15, Volume: 25, Issue:24	Potent anti-melanogenic activity and favorable toxicity profile of selected 4-phenyl hydroxycoumarins in the zebrafish model and the computational molecular modeling studies.
AID1366456	Toxicity in wild type zebrafish embryos assessed as yolk edema at 2000 ug/ml treated for 96 hrs post fertilization starting from 6 hrs post fertilization by inverted microscopic analysis relative to control	2017	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry, 12-15, Volume: 25, Issue:24	Potent anti-melanogenic activity and favorable toxicity profile of selected 4-phenyl hydroxycoumarins in the zebrafish model and the computational molecular modeling studies.
AID1588997	Inhibition of mushroom tyrosinase using L-tyrosine substrate at 25 uM incubated for 30 mins by microplate reader based assay	2019	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry, 09-01, Volume: 27, Issue:17	Inhibitory effects of N-(acryloyl)benzamide derivatives on tyrosinase and melanogenesis.
AID1366495	Toxicity in wild type zebrafish embryos assessed as unhatched embryo at 2000 ug/ml treated for 96 hrs post fertilization starting from 6 hrs post fertilization by inverted microscopic analysis relative to control	2017	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry, 12-15, Volume: 25, Issue:24	Potent anti-melanogenic activity and favorable toxicity profile of selected 4-phenyl hydroxycoumarins in the zebrafish model and the computational molecular modeling studies.
AID626571	Inhibition of alpha-MSH -stimulated melanogenesis in mouse B16 cells assessed as melanin release at 10 uM after 72 hrs by spectrometric analysis	2011	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters, Nov-15, Volume: 21, Issue:22	Structural requirement of phenylthiourea analogs for their inhibitory activity of melanogenesis and tyrosinase.
AID1163967	Inhibition of mushroom tyrosinase at 25 ug/ml using L-DOPA as substrate after 2 mins by spectrophotometry	2014	European journal of medicinal chemistry, Oct-30, Volume: 86	Anti-tyrosinase, antioxidant, and antibacterial activities of novel 5-hydroxy-4-acetyl-2,3-dihydronaphtho[1,2-b]furans.
AID331282	Inhibition of mushroom tyrosinase	2008	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters, Jun-15, Volume: 18, Issue:12	Analogues of N-hydroxy-N'-phenylthiourea and N-hydroxy-N'-phenylurea as inhibitors of tyrosinase and melanin formation.
AID1369420	Inhibition of Bacillus megaterium tyrosinase diphenolase activity using L-DOPA as substrate by spectrophotometric method	2018	Journal of medicinal chemistry, 05-10, Volume: 61, Issue:9	Targeting Tyrosinase: Development and Structural Insights of Novel Inhibitors Bearing Arylpiperidine and Arylpiperazine Fragments.
AID429249	Antiinflammatory activity in mouse RAW264.7 cells assessed as inhibition of IFN-gamma/LPS-stimulated nitric oxide production after 17 to 20 hrs by Griess assay	2009	European journal of medicinal chemistry, Aug, Volume: 44, Issue:8	Synthesis and biological evaluation of curcumin-like diarylpentanoid analogues for anti-inflammatory, antioxidant and anti-tyrosinase activities.
AID441044	Inhibition of mushroom tyrosinase assessed as reduction of dopachrome production treated 5 mins before L-tyrosine challenge measured after 10 mins by UV spectrophotometry	2009	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters, Oct-01, Volume: 19, Issue:19	Kojic acid-amino acid conjugates as tyrosinase inhibitors.
AID1366536	Cytotoxicity against mpx:GFP transgenic zebrafish 24 hrs post fertilization embryo neutrophils assessed as loss in neutrophil at 2 to 2.5 mg/ml	2017	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry, 12-15, Volume: 25, Issue:24	Potent anti-melanogenic activity and favorable toxicity profile of selected 4-phenyl hydroxycoumarins in the zebrafish model and the computational molecular modeling studies.
AID1366350	Anti-melanogenic activity in wild type zebrafish embryo melanocytes assessed as decrease in pigmentation at 2.5 mg/ml treated for 72 hrs post fertilization starting from 6 to 24 hrs post fertilization	2017	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry, 12-15, Volume: 25, Issue:24	Potent anti-melanogenic activity and favorable toxicity profile of selected 4-phenyl hydroxycoumarins in the zebrafish model and the computational molecular modeling studies.
AID670040	Inhibition of mushroom tyrosinase activity using L-tyrosine as substrate at 20 uM after 30 mins by spectrophotometric analysis	2012	European journal of medicinal chemistry, Mar, Volume: 49	Design and synthesis of 5-(substituted benzylidene)thiazolidine-2,4-dione derivatives as novel tyrosinase inhibitors.
AID1269174	Inhibition of alpha-MSH-stimulated melanin production in mouse B16 cells after 72 hrs by microplate reader analysis	2016	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry, Jan-15, Volume: 24, Issue:2	Highly potent tyrosinase inhibitor, neorauflavane from Campylotropis hirtella and inhibitory mechanism with molecular docking.
AID1713539	Inhibition of diphenolase activity of mushroom tyrosinase using L-DOPA substrate	2016	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry, 11-15, Volume: 24, Issue:22	ArgTX-636, a polyamine isolated from spider venom: A novel class of melanogenesis inhibitors.
AID1181370	Inhibition of mushroom tyrosinase using L-DOPA as substrate at 12.5 uM by spectrophotometry relative to control	2014	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry, Aug-01, Volume: 22, Issue:15	Effect of p-aminophenols on tyrosinase activity.
AID566700	Inhibition of human recombinant 5-lipoxygenase at 1 mM after 10 mins by fluorescence assay	2011	Journal of medicinal chemistry, Jan-27, Volume: 54, Issue:2	Identifying chelators for metalloprotein inhibitors using a fragment-based approach.
AID1611933	Inhibition of Agaricus bisporus tyrosinase at 250 ug/ml using L-DOPA as substrate preincubated for 10 mins followed by substrate addition and measured after 25 mins relative to control	2018	Journal of medicinal chemistry, 09-13, Volume: 61, Issue:17	Inhibitors of Melanogenesis: An Updated Review.
AID108471	Cytotoxicity of compound against Melan-a cells determined as percent cell survival at 10 ppm	2004	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters, Jun-07, Volume: 14, Issue:11	Solid-phase synthesis of kojic acid-tripeptides and their tyrosinase inhibitory activity, storage stability, and toxicity.
AID1879208	Anti-melanogenic activity against zebra fish embryos assessed as proportion of embryos showing profound decrease in melanogenesis at 200 uM measured after 48 hrs by stereomicroscope analysis relative to control	2022	European journal of medicinal chemistry, Mar-05, Volume: 231	Cinnamic acid derivatives linked to arylpiperazines as novel potent inhibitors of tyrosinase activity and melanin synthesis.
AID1366556	Inhibition of zebrafish embryo tyrosinase assessed as residual activity at 500 ug/ml after 48 hrs relative to control	2017	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry, 12-15, Volume: 25, Issue:24	Potent anti-melanogenic activity and favorable toxicity profile of selected 4-phenyl hydroxycoumarins in the zebrafish model and the computational molecular modeling studies.
AID1366332	Toxicity in wild type zebrafish embryos assessed as dead embryo at 25 ug/ml treated for 96 hrs post fertilization starting from 6 hrs post fertilization by inverted microscopic analysis relative to control	2017	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry, 12-15, Volume: 25, Issue:24	Potent anti-melanogenic activity and favorable toxicity profile of selected 4-phenyl hydroxycoumarins in the zebrafish model and the computational molecular modeling studies.
AID293950	Inhibition of mushroom tyrosinase	2007	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry, Mar-15, Volume: 15, Issue:6	Synthesis and evaluation of 2',4',6'-trihydroxychalcones as a new class of tyrosinase inhibitors.
AID1366446	Toxicity in wild type zebrafish embryos assessed as pericardial edema at 100 ug/ml treated for 96 hrs post fertilization starting from 6 hrs post fertilization by inverted microscopic analysis relative to control	2017	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry, 12-15, Volume: 25, Issue:24	Potent anti-melanogenic activity and favorable toxicity profile of selected 4-phenyl hydroxycoumarins in the zebrafish model and the computational molecular modeling studies.
AID749863	Cytotoxicity against alpha-MSH stimulated mouse B16 cells after 72 hrs by MTT assay	2013	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters, Jun-01, Volume: 23, Issue:11	Melanogenesis inhibitory daphnane diterpenoids from the flower buds of Daphne genkwa.
AID1181369	Inhibition of mushroom tyrosinase using L-DOPA as substrate at 6.25 uM by spectrophotometry relative to control	2014	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry, Aug-01, Volume: 22, Issue:15	Effect of p-aminophenols on tyrosinase activity.
AID1366381	Toxicity in wild type zebrafish embryos assessed as normal embryo at 100 ug/ml treated for 96 hrs post fertilization starting from 6 hrs post fertilization by inverted microscopic analysis relative to control	2017	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry, 12-15, Volume: 25, Issue:24	Potent anti-melanogenic activity and favorable toxicity profile of selected 4-phenyl hydroxycoumarins in the zebrafish model and the computational molecular modeling studies.
AID1666597	Induction of DNA damage in human SU8686 cells assessed as increase in gammaH2AX phosphorylation at ser193 at cytotoxic IC50 in presence of 0.3 uM doxorubicin by fluorometry method	2020	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry, 02-15, Volume: 28, Issue:4	Targeting the DNA damage response (DDR) by natural compounds.
AID1253939	Inhibition of tyrosinase in mouse B16F10 cells assessed as reduction of melanin production at 200 ug/ml incubated for 72 hrs	2015	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry, Nov-01, Volume: 23, Issue:21	Synthesis of novel compounds containing morpholine and 5(4H)-oxazolone rings as potent tyrosinase inhibitors.
AID1588424	Inhibition of intracellular tyrosinase in mouse B16F0 cells at 1000 uM using L-DOPA as substrate preincubated with compound followed by substrate addition and measured after 20 mins by UV-Visible spectrophotometric analysis relative to control	2019	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry, 08-15, Volume: 27, Issue:16	Melanogenic inhibitory effects of Triangularin in B16F0 melanoma cells, in vitro and molecular docking studies.
AID1366497	Toxicity in wild type zebrafish embryos assessed as unhatched embryo at 500 ug/ml treated for 96 hrs post fertilization starting from 6 hrs post fertilization by inverted microscopic analysis relative to control	2017	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry, 12-15, Volume: 25, Issue:24	Potent anti-melanogenic activity and favorable toxicity profile of selected 4-phenyl hydroxycoumarins in the zebrafish model and the computational molecular modeling studies.
AID1603434	Inhibition of diphenolase activity of mushroom tyrosinase assessed as inhibition constant for enzyme-substrate-inhibitor complex by measuring reduction in dopachrome formation using L-DOPA substrate by UV-Vis spectrophotometry	2019	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry, 06-15, Volume: 27, Issue:12	Tyrosinase inhibitory study of flavonolignans from the seeds of Silybum marianum (Milk thistle).
AID436180	Inhibition of mushroom tyrosinase after 90 mins	2008	Journal of natural products, Nov, Volume: 71, Issue:11	Antityrosinase and antioxidant effects of ent-kaurane diterpenes from leaves of Broussonetia papyrifera.
AID215966	Inhibitory activity against mushroom tyrosinase	2004	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters, Jun-07, Volume: 14, Issue:11	Solid-phase synthesis of kojic acid-tripeptides and their tyrosinase inhibitory activity, storage stability, and toxicity.
AID1634819	Inhibition of mushroom tyrosinase using L-DOPA as substrate measured after 10 mins by spectrophotometry	2016	Journal of natural products, Apr-22, Volume: 79, Issue:4	Valencene from the Rhizomes of Cyperus rotundus Inhibits Skin Photoaging-Related Ion Channels and UV-Induced Melanogenesis in B16F10 Melanoma Cells.
AID1514953	Inhibition of mushroom tyrosinase using TBC as substrate by spectrophotometric method	2019	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters, 01-15, Volume: 29, Issue:2	Resorcinol alkyl glucosides as potent tyrosinase inhibitors.
AID1198431	Inhibition of mushroom tyrosinase diphenolase activity using L-DOPA as substrate preincubated for 30 mins followed by substrate addition measured for 1 min	2015	European journal of medicinal chemistry, Mar-26, Volume: 93	Structure-based modification of 3-/4-aminoacetophenones giving a profound change of activity on tyrosinase: from potent activators to highly efficient inhibitors.
AID429252	Inhibition of tyrosinase	2009	European journal of medicinal chemistry, Aug, Volume: 44, Issue:8	Synthesis and biological evaluation of curcumin-like diarylpentanoid analogues for anti-inflammatory, antioxidant and anti-tyrosinase activities.
AID1257134	Inhibition of mushroom tyrosinase diphenolase activity using L-DOPA as substrate	2015	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters, Dec-01, Volume: 25, Issue:23	Inhibitory kinetics of novel 2,3-dihydro-1H-inden-1-one chalcone-like derivatives on mushroom tyrosinase.
AID1504875	Inhibition of tyrosinase (unknown origin) using L-dihydroxyphenylalanine as substrate preincubated for 30 mins followed by substrate addition measured for 7 mins by spectrophotometric analysis	2017	Journal of natural products, 12-22, Volume: 80, Issue:12	Artocarmins G-M, Prenylated 4-Chromenones from the Stems of Artocarpus rigida and Their Tyrosinase Inhibitory Activities.
AID1635904	Inhibition of 8-histidine tagged influenza virus H1N1 N-terminal PA endonuclease expressed in Escherichia coli BL21 cells at 200 uM using single-stranded 5'-FAM fluorophore/3'-TAMRA quencher)-labeled 17-mer ssDNA-oligomer substrate measured over 45 mins b	2016	Journal of medicinal chemistry, 07-14, Volume: 59, Issue:13	Fragment-Based Identification of Influenza Endonuclease Inhibitors.
AID1366353	Cytotoxicity against wild type zebrafish embryo melanocytes assessed as change in morphology at 2.5 mg/ml treated for 72 hrs post fertilization starting from 6 to 24 hrs post fertilization	2017	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry, 12-15, Volume: 25, Issue:24	Potent anti-melanogenic activity and favorable toxicity profile of selected 4-phenyl hydroxycoumarins in the zebrafish model and the computational molecular modeling studies.
AID478541	Inhibition of alpha-MSH-induced melanin production in mouse B16 cells after 48 hrs	2010	European journal of medicinal chemistry, May, Volume: 45, Issue:5	Evaluation of anti-pigmentary effect of synthetic sulfonylamino chalcone.
AID1366554	Inhibition of zebrafish embryo tyrosinase assessed as residual activity at 2000 ug/ml after 48 hrs relative to control	2017	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry, 12-15, Volume: 25, Issue:24	Potent anti-melanogenic activity and favorable toxicity profile of selected 4-phenyl hydroxycoumarins in the zebrafish model and the computational molecular modeling studies.
AID450482	Inhibition of mushroom tyrosinase at 100 uM	2009	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry, Aug-15, Volume: 17, Issue:16	Melanogenesis inhibitors from the rhizomes of Alpinia officinarum in B16 melanoma cells.
AID696879	Inhibition of tyrosinase using L-dihydroxyphenylalanine as substrate preincubated for 30 mins measured after 7 mins by spectrophotometric analysis	2012	Journal of natural products, Nov-26, Volume: 75, Issue:11	Tyrosinase inhibitors from the wood of Artocarpus heterophyllus.
AID497827	Protection against fragile X syndrome phenotypes in Fmr1 null mutant Drosophila Fmr1'3/TM6C assessed as embryo viability at 40 uM at 25 degC by flow cytometry relative to untreated homozygous embryos	2008	Nature chemical biology, Apr, Volume: 4, Issue:4	Identification of small molecules rescuing fragile X syndrome phenotypes in Drosophila.
AID1611943	Inhibition of human tyrosinase	2018	Journal of medicinal chemistry, 09-13, Volume: 61, Issue:17	Inhibitors of Melanogenesis: An Updated Review.
AID1663492	Inhibition of mushroom tyrosinase using L-DOPA as substrate	2020	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters, 08-01, Volume: 30, Issue:15	New class of alkynyl glycoside analogues as tyrosinase inhibitors.
AID1683461	Mixed inhibition of Tyrosinase (unknown origin) assessed as Michaelis-Menten constant at 3.2 uM using tyrosine as substrate incubated for 20 mins followed by substrate addition and measured every 10 mins for 30 mins by Lineweaver-Burk plot analysis (Rvb =	2021	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry, 01-01, Volume: 29	Xanthones for melanogenesis inhibition: Molecular docking and QSAR studies to understand their anti-tyrosinase activity.
AID1802947	In Vitro Tyrosinase Inhibition Assay from Article 10.3109/14756366.2010.482529: \\Tyrosinase inhibitory effect of benzoic acid derivatives and their structure-activity relationships.\\	2010	Journal of enzyme inhibition and medicinal chemistry, Dec, Volume: 25, Issue:6	Tyrosinase inhibitory effect of benzoic acid derivatives and their structure-activity relationships.
AID1801390	Tyrosinase Inhibition Assay from Article 10.1111/cbdd.12577: \\Synthesis and biological evaluation of kojic acid derivatives containing 1,2,4-triazole as potent tyrosinase inhibitors.\\	2015	Chemical biology & drug design, Nov, Volume: 86, Issue:5	Synthesis and biological evaluation of kojic acid derivatives containing 1,2,4-triazole as potent tyrosinase inhibitors.
AID1801486	Enzymatic Activity Assay from Article 10.1016/j.bioorg.2015.10.003: \\Development of hydroxylated naphthylchalcones as polyphenol oxidase inhibitors: Synthesis, biochemistry and molecular docking studies.\\	2015	Bioorganic chemistry, Dec, Volume: 63	Development of hydroxylated naphthylchalcones as polyphenol oxidase inhibitors: Synthesis, biochemistry and molecular docking studies.
AID1801979	Tyrosinase Activity Assay from Article 10.1016/j.bioorg.2016.09.007: \\Molecular docking studies and biological evaluation of 1,3,4-thiadiazole derivatives bearing Schiff base moieties as tyrosinase inhibitors.\\	2016	Bioorganic chemistry, 12, Volume: 69	Molecular docking studies and biological evaluation of 1,3,4-thiadiazole derivatives bearing Schiff base moieties as tyrosinase inhibitors.
AID1800143	Spectrophotometric Assay from Article 10.1111/cbdd.12126: \\Microwave-assisted synthesis and tyrosinase inhibitory activity of chalcone derivatives.\\	2013	Chemical biology & drug design, Jul, Volume: 82, Issue:1	Microwave-assisted synthesis and tyrosinase inhibitory activity of chalcone derivatives.
AID1799678	Inhibition Assay from Article 10.1080/14756360500179333: \\Tyrosinase inhibition: conformational analysis based studies on molecular dynamics calculations of bipiperidine based inhibitors.\\	2005	Journal of enzyme inhibition and medicinal chemistry, Aug, Volume: 20, Issue:4	Tyrosinase inhibition: conformational analysis based studies on molecular dynamics calculations of bipiperidine based inhibitors.
AID1799721	Tyrosinase Assay from Article 10.1080/14756360701810207: \\Inhibitory effects on mushroom tyrosinase by flavones from the stem barks of Morus lhou (S.) Koidz.\\	2008	Journal of enzyme inhibition and medicinal chemistry, Dec, Volume: 23, Issue:6	Inhibitory effects on mushroom tyrosinase by flavones from the stem barks of Morus lhou (S.) Koidz.
AID1745855	NCATS anti-infectives library activity on the primary C. elegans qHTS viability assay	2023	Disease models & mechanisms, 03-01, Volume: 16, Issue:3	In vivo quantitative high-throughput screening for drug discovery and comparative toxicology.
AID1745854	NCATS anti-infectives library activity on HEK293 viability as a counter-qHTS vs the C. elegans viability qHTS	2023	Disease models & mechanisms, 03-01, Volume: 16, Issue:3	In vivo quantitative high-throughput screening for drug discovery and comparative toxicology.
AID1159550	Human Phosphogluconate dehydrogenase (6PGD) Inhibitor Screening	2015	Nature cell biology, Nov, Volume: 17, Issue:11	6-Phosphogluconate dehydrogenase links oxidative PPP, lipogenesis and tumour growth by inhibiting LKB1-AMPK signalling.
AID1159607	Screen for inhibitors of RMI FANCM (MM2) intereaction	2016	Journal of biomolecular screening, Jul, Volume: 21, Issue:6	A High-Throughput Screening Strategy to Identify Protein-Protein Interaction Inhibitors That Block the Fanconi Anemia DNA Repair Pathway.
[information is prepared from bioassay data collected from National Library of Medicine (NLM), extracted Dec-2023]

Timeframe	Studies, This Drug (%)	All Drugs %
pre-1990	34 (5.42)	18.7374
1990's	54 (8.61)	18.2507
2000's	135 (21.53)	29.6817
2010's	310 (49.44)	24.3611
2020's	94 (14.99)	2.80
[information is prepared from research data collected from National Library of Medicine (NLM), extracted Dec-2023]

Publication Type	This drug (%)	All Drugs (%)
Trials	10 (1.55%)	5.53%
Reviews	31 (4.80%)	6.00%
Case Studies	7 (1.08%)	4.05%
Observational	0 (0.00%)	0.25%
Other	598 (92.57%)	84.16%
[information is prepared from research data collected from National Library of Medicine (NLM), extracted Dec-2023]

Clinical Trials (1)

Trial Overview

Trial			Phase	Enrollment	Study Type	Start Date	Status
Effectiveness of Curcuma Xanthorriza Roxb. 10% Cream in Reducing Melasma Area and Severity Index (MASI) Scores and Improvement of Skin Brightness in Epidermal Type Melasma [NCT06153134]			Early Phase 1	15 participants (Anticipated)	Interventional	2023-12-22	Recruiting
[information is prepared from clinicaltrials.gov, extracted Sep-2024]

Substance	Relationship Strength	Studies	Trials	Classes	Roles
2,3-dihydroxybenzoic acid 2,3-dihydroxybenzoic acid: RN given refers to parent cpd. dihydroxybenzoic acid : Any member of the class of hydroxybenzoic acids carrying two phenolic hydroxy groups on the benzene ring and its derivatives.. 2,3-dihydroxybenzoic acid : A dihydroxybenzoic acid that is benzoic acid substituted by hydroxy groups at positions 2 and 3. It occurs naturally in Phyllanthus acidus and in the aquatic fern Salvinia molesta.	2.46	2	0	dihydroxybenzoic acid	human xenobiotic metabolite; plant metabolite
protocatechuic acid protocatechuic acid: RN given refers to parent cpd; structure. 3,4-dihydroxybenzoic acid : A dihydroxybenzoic acid in which the hydroxy groups are located at positions 3 and 4.	3.34	6	0	catechols; dihydroxybenzoic acid	antineoplastic agent; EC 1.1.1.25 (shikimate dehydrogenase) inhibitor; EC 1.14.11.2 (procollagen-proline dioxygenase) inhibitor; human xenobiotic metabolite; plant metabolite
3-phenylpropionic acid 3-phenylpropionic acid: RN given refers to parent cpd. 3-phenylpropionic acid : A monocarboxylic acid that is propionic acid substituted at position 3 by a phenyl group.	2.05	1	0	benzenes; monocarboxylic acid	antifungal agent; human metabolite; plant metabolite
gamma-aminobutyric acid gamma-Aminobutyric Acid: The most common inhibitory neurotransmitter in the central nervous system.. gamma-aminobutyric acid : A gamma-amino acid that is butanoic acid with the amino substituent located at C-4.	2.69	3	0	amino acid zwitterion; gamma-amino acid; monocarboxylic acid	human metabolite; neurotransmitter; Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite; signalling molecule
4-hydroxybenzyl alcohol 4-hydroxybenzyl alcohol: the aglycone of gastrodin. p-hydroxybenzyl alcohol : A member of the class of benzyl alcohols that is benzyl alcohol substituted by a hydroxy group at position 4. It has been isolated from Arcangelisia gusanlung.	2.06	1	0	benzyl alcohols; phenols	plant metabolite
4-hydroxybenzaldehyde [no description available]	2.77	3	0	hydroxybenzaldehyde	EC 1.14.17.1 (dopamine beta-monooxygenase) inhibitor; mouse metabolite; plant metabolite
4-hydroxybenzoic acid 4-hydroxybenzoic acid : A monohydroxybenzoic acid that is benzoic acid carrying a hydroxy substituent at C-4 of the benzene ring.	3	4	0	monohydroxybenzoic acid	algal metabolite; plant metabolite
aminolevulinic acid Aminolevulinic Acid: A compound produced from succinyl-CoA and GLYCINE as an intermediate in heme synthesis. It is used as a PHOTOCHEMOTHERAPY for actinic KERATOSIS.. 5-aminolevulinic acid : The simplest delta-amino acid in which the hydrogens at the gamma position are replaced by an oxo group. It is metabolised to protoporphyrin IX, a photoactive compound which accumulates in the skin. Used (in the form of the hydrochloride salt)in combination with blue light illumination for the treatment of minimally to moderately thick actinic keratosis of the face or scalp.	2.6	1	0	4-oxo monocarboxylic acid; amino acid zwitterion; delta-amino acid	antineoplastic agent; dermatologic drug; Escherichia coli metabolite; human metabolite; mouse metabolite; photosensitizing agent; plant metabolite; prodrug; Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite
acetic acid Acetic Acid: Product of the oxidation of ethanol and of the destructive distillation of wood. It is used locally, occasionally internally, as a counterirritant and also as a reagent. (Stedman, 26th ed). acetic acid : A simple monocarboxylic acid containing two carbons.	2.05	1	0	monocarboxylic acid	antimicrobial food preservative; Daphnia magna metabolite; food acidity regulator; protic solvent
acetone methyl ketone : A ketone of formula RC(=O)CH3 (R =/= H).	6.93	1	0	ketone body; methyl ketone; propanones; volatile organic compound	EC 3.5.1.4 (amidase) inhibitor; human metabolite; polar aprotic solvent
adenine [no description available]	2.06	1	0	6-aminopurines; purine nucleobase	Daphnia magna metabolite; Escherichia coli metabolite; human metabolite; mouse metabolite; Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite
anthranilic acid anthranilic acid: RN given refers to parent cpd; structure in Negwer, 5th ed, #565. anthranilic acid : An aminobenzoic acid that is benzoic acid having a single amino substituent located at position 2. It is a metabolite produced in L-tryptophan-kynurenine pathway in the central nervous system.	2.05	1	0	aminobenzoic acid	human metabolite; mouse metabolite
arabinose pentopyranose : Any pentose that exists in the pyranose form.	2.13	1	0
beta-alanine [no description available]	2.11	1	0	amino acid zwitterion; beta-amino acid	agonist; fundamental metabolite; human metabolite; inhibitor; neurotransmitter
benzaldehyde [no description available]	2.06	1	0	benzaldehydes	EC 3.1.1.3 (triacylglycerol lipase) inhibitor; EC 3.5.5.1 (nitrilase) inhibitor; flavouring agent; fragrance; odorant receptor agonist; plant metabolite
benzoic acid Benzoic Acid: A fungistatic compound that is widely used as a food preservative. It is conjugated to GLYCINE in the liver and excreted as hippuric acid.. benzoic acid : A compound comprising a benzene ring core carrying a carboxylic acid substituent.. aromatic carboxylic acid : Any carboxylic acid in which the carboxy group is directly bonded to an aromatic ring.	4.3	5	0	benzoic acids	algal metabolite; antimicrobial food preservative; drug allergen; EC 1.13.11.33 (arachidonate 15-lipoxygenase) inhibitor; EC 3.1.1.3 (triacylglycerol lipase) inhibitor; human xenobiotic metabolite; plant metabolite
butyric acid Butyric Acid: A four carbon acid, CH3CH2CH2COOH, with an unpleasant odor that occurs in butter and animal fat as the glycerol ester.. butyrate : A short-chain fatty acid anion that is the conjugate base of butyric acid, obtained by deprotonation of the carboxy group.. butyric acid : A straight-chain saturated fatty acid that is butane in which one of the terminal methyl groups has been oxidised to a carboxy group.	2.05	1	0	fatty acid 4:0; straight-chain saturated fatty acid	human urinary metabolite; Mycoplasma genitalium metabolite
carbamates [no description available]	2.57	2	0	amino-acid anion
catechol [no description available]	3.3	6	0	catechols	allelochemical; genotoxin; plant metabolite
methane Methane: The simplest saturated hydrocarbon. It is a colorless, flammable gas, slightly soluble in water. It is one of the chief constituents of natural gas and is formed in the decomposition of organic matter. (Grant & Hackh's Chemical Dictionary, 5th ed). methane : A one-carbon compound in which the carbon is attached by single bonds to four hydrogen atoms. It is a colourless, odourless, non-toxic but flammable gas (b.p. -161degreeC).	2.05	1	0	alkane; gas molecular entity; mononuclear parent hydride; one-carbon compound	bacterial metabolite; fossil fuel; greenhouse gas
citric acid, anhydrous Citric Acid: A key intermediate in metabolism. It is an acid compound found in citrus fruits. The salts of citric acid (citrates) can be used as anticoagulants due to their calcium chelating ability.. citric acid : A tricarboxylic acid that is propane-1,2,3-tricarboxylic acid bearing a hydroxy substituent at position 2. It is an important metabolite in the pathway of all aerobic organisms.	2.48	2	0	tricarboxylic acid	antimicrobial agent; chelator; food acidity regulator; fundamental metabolite
chlorine chloride : A halide anion formed when chlorine picks up an electron to form an an anion.	2.02	1	0	halide anion; monoatomic chlorine	cofactor; Escherichia coli metabolite; human metabolite
hydrochloric acid Hydrochloric Acid: A strong corrosive acid that is commonly used as a laboratory reagent. It is formed by dissolving hydrogen chloride in water. GASTRIC ACID is the hydrochloric acid component of GASTRIC JUICE.. hydrogen chloride : A mononuclear parent hydride consisting of covalently bonded hydrogen and chlorine atoms.	2.1	1	0	chlorine molecular entity; gas molecular entity; hydrogen halide; mononuclear parent hydride	mouse metabolite
coumarin 2H-chromen-2-one: coumarin derivative	2.6	1	0	coumarins	fluorescent dye; human metabolite; plant metabolite
salicylic acid Scalp: The outer covering of the calvaria. It is composed of several layers: SKIN; subcutaneous connective tissue; the occipitofrontal muscle which includes the tendinous galea aponeurotica; loose connective tissue; and the pericranium (the PERIOSTEUM of the SKULL).	9.29	5	0	monohydroxybenzoic acid	algal metabolite; antifungal agent; antiinfective agent; EC 1.11.1.11 (L-ascorbate peroxidase) inhibitor; keratolytic drug; plant hormone; plant metabolite
phloroglucinol Phloroglucinol: A trinitrobenzene derivative with antispasmodic properties that is used primarily as a laboratory reagent.. phloroglucinol : A benzenetriol with hydroxy groups at position 1, 3 and 5.	2.13	1	0	benzenetriol; phenolic donor	algal metabolite
gallic acid gallate : A trihydroxybenzoate that is the conjugate base of gallic acid.	2.87	3	0	trihydroxybenzoic acid	antineoplastic agent; antioxidant; apoptosis inducer; astringent; cyclooxygenase 2 inhibitor; EC 1.13.11.33 (arachidonate 15-lipoxygenase) inhibitor; geroprotector; human xenobiotic metabolite; plant metabolite
4-aminophenol 4-aminophenol: RN given refers to parent cpd. 4-aminophenol : An amino phenol (one of the three possible isomers) which has the single amino substituent located para to the phenolic -OH group.	2.1	1	0	aminophenol	allergen; metabolite
dihydrolipoic acid dihydrolipoic acid: RN given refers to parent cpd without isomeric designation. dihydrolipoic acid : A thio-fatty acid that is reduced form of lipoic acid. A potent antioxidant shown to directly destroy superoxide, hydroperoxy and hydroxyl radicals; also has neuroprotective and anti-tumour effects.. dihydrolipoate : The conjugate base of dihydrolipoic acid.	2.17	1	0	thio-fatty acid	antioxidant; human metabolite; neuroprotective agent
guaiacol Guaiacol: An agent thought to have disinfectant properties and used as an expectorant. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p747). methylcatechol : Any member of the class of catechols carrying one or more methyl substituents.. guaiacol : A monomethoxybenzene that consists of phenol with a methoxy substituent at the ortho position.	2.42	2	0	guaiacols	disinfectant; EC 1.1.1.25 (shikimate dehydrogenase) inhibitor; expectorant; plant metabolite
hippuric acid hippuric acid: RN given refers to parent cpd; structure in Merck Index, 9th ed, #4591. N-benzoylglycine : An N-acylglycine in which the acyl group is specified as benzoyl.	2.05	1	0	N-acylglycine	human blood serum metabolite; uremic toxin
malic acid malic acid : A 2-hydroxydicarboxylic acid that is succinic acid in which one of the hydrogens attached to a carbon is replaced by a hydroxy group.. 2-hydroxydicarboxylic acid : Any dicarboxylic acid carrying a hydroxy group on the carbon atom at position alpha to the carboxy group.	2.13	1	0	2-hydroxydicarboxylic acid; C4-dicarboxylic acid	food acidity regulator; fundamental metabolite
3,4-dihydroxyphenylacetic acid 3,4-Dihydroxyphenylacetic Acid: A deaminated metabolite of LEVODOPA.. (3,4-dihydroxyphenyl)acetic acid : A dihydroxyphenylacetic acid having the two hydroxy substituents located at the 3- and 4-positions. It is a metabolite of dopamine.. dihydroxyphenylacetic acid : A dihydroxy monocarboxylic acid consisting of phenylacetic acid having two phenolic hydroxy substituents.	2.49	2	0	catechols; dihydroxyphenylacetic acid	human metabolite
lactic acid Lactic Acid: A normal intermediate in the fermentation (oxidation, metabolism) of sugar. The concentrated form is used internally to prevent gastrointestinal fermentation. (From Stedman, 26th ed). 2-hydroxypropanoic acid : A 2-hydroxy monocarboxylic acid that is propanoic acid in which one of the alpha-hydrogens is replaced by a hydroxy group.	5.2	3	1	2-hydroxy monocarboxylic acid	algal metabolite; Daphnia magna metabolite
dihydroxyacetone [no description available]	6.93	1	0	ketotriose; primary alpha-hydroxy ketone	antifungal agent; Escherichia coli metabolite; human metabolite; metabolite; mouse metabolite; Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite
ethanolamine [no description available]	2.17	1	0	ethanolamines; primary alcohol; primary amine	Escherichia coli metabolite; human metabolite; mouse metabolite
glycine [no description available]	2.36	2	0	alpha-amino acid; amino acid zwitterion; proteinogenic amino acid; serine family amino acid	EC 2.1.2.1 (glycine hydroxymethyltransferase) inhibitor; fundamental metabolite; hepatoprotective agent; micronutrient; neurotransmitter; NMDA receptor agonist; nutraceutical
glycolic acid glycolic acid: RN given refers to parent cpd. glycolic acid : A 2-hydroxy monocarboxylic acid that is acetic acid where the methyl group has been hydroxylated.	10.81	13	4	2-hydroxy monocarboxylic acid; primary alcohol	keratolytic drug; metabolite
histamine [no description available]	3.51	1	0	aralkylamino compound; imidazoles	human metabolite; mouse metabolite; neurotransmitter
hydroquinone [no description available]	11.43	39	3	benzenediol; hydroquinones	antioxidant; carcinogenic agent; cofactor; Escherichia coli metabolite; human xenobiotic metabolite; mouse metabolite; skin lightening agent
imidazole imidazole: RN given refers to parent cpd. 1H-imidazole : An imidazole tautomer which has the migrating hydrogen at position 1.	2.13	1	0	imidazole
indole [no description available]	2.05	1	0	indole; polycyclic heteroarene	Escherichia coli metabolite
iodine Iodine: A nonmetallic element of the halogen group that is represented by the atomic symbol I, atomic number 53, and atomic weight of 126.90. It is a nutritionally essential element, especially important in thyroid hormone synthesis. In solution, it has anti-infective properties and is used topically.. diiodine : Molecule comprising two covalently bonded iodine atoms with overall zero charge..	2	1	0	diatomic iodine	nutrient
itaconic acid itaconic acid : A dicarboxylic acid that is methacrylic acid in which one of the methyl hydrogens is substituted by a carboxylic acid group.	6.92	1	0	dicarboxylic acid; dicarboxylic fatty acid; olefinic compound	fungal metabolite; human metabolite
dihydroxyphenylalanine Dihydroxyphenylalanine: A beta-hydroxylated derivative of phenylalanine. The D-form of dihydroxyphenylalanine has less physiologic activity than the L-form and is commonly used experimentally to determine whether the pharmacological effects of LEVODOPA are stereospecific.. dopa : A hydroxyphenylalanine carrying hydroxy substituents at positions 3 and 4 of the benzene ring.	2.93	4	0	hydroxyphenylalanine; non-proteinogenic alpha-amino acid; tyrosine derivative	human metabolite
lipoamide Lipozyme: lipase from Rhizomucor miehei immobilized on anion exchange resin	2.47	2	0	dithiolanes; monocarboxylic acid amide	Escherichia coli metabolite; human metabolite; mouse metabolite; Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite
thioctic acid Thioctic Acid: An octanoic acid bridged with two sulfurs so that it is sometimes also called a pentanoic acid in some naming schemes. It is biosynthesized by cleavage of LINOLEIC ACID and is a coenzyme of oxoglutarate dehydrogenase (KETOGLUTARATE DEHYDROGENASE COMPLEX). It is used in DIETARY SUPPLEMENTS.	2.77	3	0	dithiolanes; heterocyclic fatty acid; thia fatty acid	fundamental metabolite; geroprotector
n-acetylserotonin N-acetylserotonin : An N-acylserotonin resulting from the formal condensation of the primary amino group of serotonin with the carboxy group of acetic acid.	2.05	1	0	acetamides; N-acylserotonin; phenols	antioxidant; human metabolite; mouse metabolite; tropomyosin-related kinase B receptor agonist
niacinamide nicotinamide : A pyridinecarboxamide that is pyridine in which the hydrogen at position 3 is replaced by a carboxamide group.	5.49	8	2	pyridine alkaloid; pyridinecarboxamide; vitamin B3	anti-inflammatory agent; antioxidant; cofactor; EC 2.4.2.30 (NAD(+) ADP-ribosyltransferase) inhibitor; EC 3.5.1.98 (histone deacetylase) inhibitor; Escherichia coli metabolite; geroprotector; human urinary metabolite; metabolite; mouse metabolite; neuroprotective agent; Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite; Sir2 inhibitor
niacin Niacin: A water-soluble vitamin of the B complex occurring in various animal and plant tissues. It is required by the body for the formation of coenzymes NAD and NADP. It has PELLAGRA-curative, vasodilating, and antilipemic properties.. vitamin B3 : Any member of a group of vitamers that belong to the chemical structural class called pyridines that exhibit biological activity against vitamin B3 deficiency. Vitamin B3 deficiency causes a condition known as pellagra whose symptoms include depression, dermatitis and diarrhea. The vitamers include nicotinic acid and nicotinamide (and their ionized and salt forms).. nicotinic acid : A pyridinemonocarboxylic acid that is pyridine in which the hydrogen at position 3 is replaced by a carboxy group.	2.06	1	0	pyridine alkaloid; pyridinemonocarboxylic acid; vitamin B3	antidote; antilipemic drug; EC 3.5.1.19 (nicotinamidase) inhibitor; Escherichia coli metabolite; human urinary metabolite; metabolite; mouse metabolite; plant metabolite; vasodilator agent
nitrates Nitrates: Inorganic or organic salts and esters of nitric acid. These compounds contain the NO3- radical.	2.13	1	0	monovalent inorganic anion; nitrogen oxoanion; reactive nitrogen species
oxalic acid Oxalic Acid: A strong dicarboxylic acid occurring in many plants and vegetables. It is produced in the body by metabolism of glyoxylic acid or ascorbic acid. It is not metabolized but excreted in the urine. It is used as an analytical reagent and general reducing agent.. oxalic acid : An alpha,omega-dicarboxylic acid that is ethane substituted by carboxyl groups at positions 1 and 2.	7.69	3	0	alpha,omega-dicarboxylic acid	algal metabolite; human metabolite; plant metabolite
4-aminobenzoic acid 4-Aminobenzoic Acid: An aminobenzoic acid isomer that combines with pteridine and GLUTAMIC ACID to form FOLIC ACID. The fact that 4-aminobenzoic acid absorbs light throughout the UVB range has also resulted in its use as an ingredient in SUNSCREENS.. 4-ammoniobenzoate : A zwitterion obtained by transfer of a proton from the carboxy to the amino group of 4-aminobenzoic acid.. 4-aminobenzoic acid : An aminobenzoic acid in which the amino group is para to the carboxy group.	1.99	1	0	aminobenzoic acid; aromatic amino-acid zwitterion	allergen; Escherichia coli metabolite; plant metabolite
phenol [no description available]	2.05	1	0	phenols	antiseptic drug; disinfectant; human xenobiotic metabolite; mouse metabolite
phosphorylcholine Phosphorylcholine: Calcium and magnesium salts used therapeutically in hepatobiliary dysfunction.. phosphocholine : The phosphate of choline; and the parent compound of the phosphocholine family.	2.03	1	0	phosphocholines	allergen; epitope; hapten; human metabolite; mouse metabolite
picolinic acid picolinic acid: iron-chelating agent that inhibits DNA synthesis; may interfere with iron-dependent production of stable free organic radical which is essential for ribonucleotide reductase formation of deoxyribonucleotides; RN given refers to parent cpd; structure in Merck Index, 9th ed, #7206. picolinic acid : A pyridinemonocarboxylic acid in which the carboxy group is located at position 2. It is an intermediate in the metabolism of tryptophan.	2.76	3	0	pyridinemonocarboxylic acid	human metabolite; MALDI matrix material
propionic acid propionic acid : A short-chain saturated fatty acid comprising ethane attached to the carbon of a carboxy group.	2.05	1	0	saturated fatty acid; short-chain fatty acid	antifungal drug
pyridine azine : An organonitrogen compound of general structure RCH=N-N=CHR or RR'C=N-N=CRR'.	7.31	1	0	azaarene; mancude organic heteromonocyclic parent; monocyclic heteroarene; pyridines	environmental contaminant; NMR chemical shift reference compound
pyrogallol benzenetriol : A triol in which three hydroxy groups are substituted onto a benzene ring.	2.42	2	0	benzenetriol; phenolic donor	plant metabolite
quinolinic acid Quinolinic Acid: A metabolite of tryptophan with a possible role in neurodegenerative disorders. Elevated CSF levels of quinolinic acid are correlated with the severity of neuropsychological deficits in patients who have AIDS.. pyridinedicarboxylic acid : Any member of the class of pyridines carrying two carboxy groups.. quinolinic acid : A pyridinedicarboxylic acid that is pyridine substituted by carboxy groups at positions 2 and 3. It is a metabolite of tryptophan.	2.06	1	0	pyridinedicarboxylic acid	Escherichia coli metabolite; human metabolite; mouse metabolite; NMDA receptor agonist
sulfites Sulfites: Inorganic salts of sulfurous acid.. sulfites : Any sulfurous acid derivative that is a salt or an ester of sulfurous acid.. organosulfonate oxoanion : An organic anion obtained by deprotonation of the sufonate group(s) of any organosulfonic acid.. sulfite : A sulfur oxoanion that is the conjugate base of hydrogen sulfite (H2SO3).	2.54	2	0	divalent inorganic anion; sulfur oxide; sulfur oxoanion
succinic acid Succinic Acid: A water-soluble, colorless crystal with an acid taste that is used as a chemical intermediate, in medicine, the manufacture of lacquers, and to make perfume esters. It is also used in foods as a sequestrant, buffer, and a neutralizing agent. (Hawley's Condensed Chemical Dictionary, 12th ed, p1099; McGraw-Hill Dictionary of Scientific and Technical Terms, 4th ed, p1851). succinic acid : An alpha,omega-dicarboxylic acid resulting from the formal oxidation of each of the terminal methyl groups of butane to the corresponding carboxy group. It is an intermediate metabolite in the citric acid cycle.	2.05	1	0	alpha,omega-dicarboxylic acid; C4-dicarboxylic acid	anti-ulcer drug; fundamental metabolite; micronutrient; nutraceutical; radiation protective agent
taurine [no description available]	2.11	1	0	amino sulfonic acid; zwitterion	antioxidant; Escherichia coli metabolite; glycine receptor agonist; human metabolite; mouse metabolite; nutrient; radical scavenger; Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite
thiamine thiamine(1+) : A primary alcohol that is 1,3-thiazol-3-ium substituted by (4-amino-2-methylpyrimidin-5-yl)methyl, methyl and 2-hydroxyethyl groups at positions 3, 4 and 5, respectively.	2.6	1	0	primary alcohol; vitamin B1	Escherichia coli metabolite; human metabolite; mouse metabolite; Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite
urea pseudourea: clinical use; structure. isourea : A carboximidic acid that is the imidic acid tautomer of urea, H2NC(=NH)OH, and its hydrocarbyl derivatives.	2.03	1	0	isourea; monocarboxylic acid amide; one-carbon compound	Daphnia magna metabolite; Escherichia coli metabolite; fertilizer; flour treatment agent; human metabolite; mouse metabolite; Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite
vanillin Vanilla: A plant genus of the family ORCHIDACEAE that is the source of the familiar flavoring used in foods and medicines (FLAVORING AGENTS).	2.81	3	0	benzaldehydes; monomethoxybenzene; phenols	anti-inflammatory agent; anticonvulsant; antioxidant; flavouring agent; plant metabolite
mandelic acid SAMMA: mandelic acid condensation polymer	2.05	1	0	2-hydroxy monocarboxylic acid; benzenes	antibacterial agent; human xenobiotic metabolite
1,10-phenanthroline 1,10-phenanthroline: RN given refers to parent cpd; inhibits Zn-dependent metalloproteinases	2.43	2	0	phenanthroline	EC 2.7.1.1 (hexokinase) inhibitor; EC 3.4.19.3 (pyroglutamyl-peptidase I) inhibitor
1-anilino-8-naphthalenesulfonate 1-anilino-8-naphthalenesulfonate: RN given refers to parent cpd. 8-anilinonaphthalene-1-sulfonic acid : A naphthalenesulfonic acid that is naphthalene-1-sulfonic acid substituted by a phenylamino group at position 8.	4.79	5	0	aminonaphthalene; naphthalenesulfonic acid	fluorescent probe
2,2'-dipyridyl 2,2'-Dipyridyl: A reagent used for the determination of iron.. 2,2'-bipyridine : A bipyridine in which the two pyridine moieties are linked by a bond between positions C-2 and C-2'.	2.03	1	0	bipyridine	chelator; ferroptosis inhibitor
beta-resorcylic acid beta-resorcylic acid: RN given refers to parent cpd; structure	2.47	2	0
pyrithione pyrithione: split from cephalosporin molecule; some metal complexes of this have fumarate reductase inhibitory activity and may be useful against trypanosomes; RN given refers to parent cpd; structure. pyrithione : A pyridinethione that is pyridine-2(1H)-thione in which the hydrogen attached to the nitrogen is replaced by a hydroxy group. It is a Zn(2+) ionophore; the zinc salt is used as an antifungal and antibacterial agent.	2.06	1	0	monohydroxypyridine; pyridinethione	ionophore
3-aminobenzamide [no description available]	2.6	1	0	benzamides; substituted aniline	EC 2.4.2.30 (NAD(+) ADP-ribosyltransferase) inhibitor
3-nitropropionic acid 3-nitropropionic acid: succinate dehydrogenase inactivator; biosynthesized by FABACEAE plants from ASPARAGINE. 3-nitropropanoic acid : A C-nitro compound that is propanoic acid in which one of the methyl hydrogens has been replaced by a nitro group.	2.11	1	0	C-nitro compound	antimycobacterial drug; EC 1.3.5.1 [succinate dehydrogenase (quinone)] inhibitor; mycotoxin; neurotoxin
pleconaril WIN 63843: structure given in first source	2.6	1	0
4-(2-aminoethyl)benzenesulfonylfluoride [no description available]	2.6	1	0
homovanillic acid Homovanillic Acid: A 3-O-methyl ETHER of (3,4-dihydroxyphenyl)acetic acid.. homovanillate : A hydroxy monocarboxylic acid anion which is obtained by deprotonation of the carboxy group of homovanillic acid.. homovanillic acid : A monocarboxylic acid that is the 3-O-methyl ether of (3,4-dihydroxyphenyl)acetic acid. It is a catecholamine metabolite.	2.17	1	0	guaiacols; monocarboxylic acid	human metabolite; mouse metabolite
4-hydroxybenzoic acid hydrazide 4-hydroxybenzoic acid hydrazide: metabolite of nifuroxazide. 4-hydroxybenzohydrazide : A carbohydrazide obtained by formal condensation of the carboxy group of 4-hydroxybenzoic acid with hydrazine.	2.05	1	0	carbohydrazide; phenols
phenytoin [no description available]	2.6	1	0	imidazolidine-2,4-dione	anticonvulsant; drug allergen; sodium channel blocker; teratogenic agent
oxyquinoline Oxyquinoline: An antiseptic with mild fungistatic, bacteriostatic, anthelmintic, and amebicidal action. It is also used as a reagent and metal chelator, as a carrier for radio-indium for diagnostic purposes, and its halogenated derivatives are used in addition as topical anti-infective agents and oral antiamebics.. quinolin-8-ol : A monohydroxyquinoline that is quinoline substituted by a hydroxy group at position 8. Its fungicidal properties are used for the control of grey mould on vines and tomatoes.	2.71	3	0	monohydroxyquinoline	antibacterial agent; antifungal agrochemical; antiseptic drug; iron chelator
tacrine Tacrine: A cholinesterase inhibitor that crosses the blood-brain barrier. Tacrine has been used to counter the effects of muscle relaxants, as a respiratory stimulant, and in the treatment of Alzheimer's disease and other central nervous system disorders.. tacrine : A member of the class of acridines that is 1,2,3,4-tetrahydroacridine substituted by an amino group at position 9. It is used in the treatment of Alzheimer's disease.	9.06	3	0	acridines; aromatic amine	EC 3.1.1.7 (acetylcholinesterase) inhibitor
acetazolamide Acetazolamide: One of the CARBONIC ANHYDRASE INHIBITORS that is sometimes effective against absence seizures. It is sometimes useful also as an adjunct in the treatment of tonic-clonic, myoclonic, and atonic seizures, particularly in women whose seizures occur or are exacerbated at specific times in the menstrual cycle. However, its usefulness is transient often because of rapid development of tolerance. Its antiepileptic effect may be due to its inhibitory effect on brain carbonic anhydrase, which leads to an increased transneuronal chloride gradient, increased chloride current, and increased inhibition. (From Smith and Reynard, Textbook of Pharmacology, 1991, p337)	4.01	3	0	monocarboxylic acid amide; sulfonamide; thiadiazoles	anticonvulsant; diuretic; EC 4.2.1.1 (carbonic anhydrase) inhibitor
acetohydroxamic acid acetohydroxamic acid: urease inhibitor. oxime : Compounds of structure R2C=NOH derived from condensation of aldehydes or ketones with hydroxylamine. Oximes from aldehydes may be called aldoximes; those from ketones may be called ketoximes.. N-hydroxyacetimidic acid : A carbohydroximic acid consisting of acetimidic acid having a hydroxy group attached to the imide nitrogen.. acetohydroxamic acid : A member of the class of acetohydroxamic acids that is acetamide in which one of the amino hydrogens has been replaced by a hydroxy group.	2.06	1	0	acetohydroxamic acids; carbohydroximic acid	algal metabolite; EC 3.5.1.5 (urease) inhibitor
alprenolol Alprenolol: One of the ADRENERGIC BETA-ANTAGONISTS used as an antihypertensive, anti-anginal, and anti-arrhythmic agent.. alprenolol : A secondary alcohol that is propan-2-ol substituted by a 2-allylphenoxy group at position 1 and an isopropylamino group at position 3. It is a beta-adrenergic antagonist used as a antihypertensive, anti-arrhythmia and a sympatholytic agent.	2.6	1	0	secondary alcohol; secondary amino compound	anti-arrhythmia drug; antihypertensive agent; beta-adrenergic antagonist; sympatholytic agent
amantadine amant: an antiviral compound consisting of an adamantane derivative chemically linked to a water-solube polyanioic matrix; structure in first source	2.6	1	0	adamantanes; primary aliphatic amine	analgesic; antiparkinson drug; antiviral drug; dopaminergic agent; NMDA receptor antagonist; non-narcotic analgesic
amifostine anhydrous Amifostine: A phosphorothioate proposed as a radiation-protective agent. It causes splenic vasodilation and may block autonomic ganglia.. amifostine : An organic thiophosphate that is the S-phospho derivative of 2-[(3-aminopropyl)amino]ethanethiol. A prodrug for the free thiol, WR-1065, which is used as a cytoprotectant in cancer chemotherapy and radiotherapy.	2.75	3	0	diamine; organic thiophosphate	antioxidant; prodrug; radiation protective agent
pimagedine pimagedine: diamine oxidase & nitric oxide synthase inhibitor; an advanced glycosylation end product inhibitor; used in the treatment of diabetic complications; structure. aminoguanidine : A one-carbon compound whose unique structure renders it capable of acting as a derivative of hydrazine, guanidine or formamide.	2.06	1	0	guanidines; one-carbon compound	EC 1.14.13.39 (nitric oxide synthase) inhibitor; EC 1.4.3.4 (monoamine oxidase) inhibitor
theophylline [no description available]	2	1	0	dimethylxanthine	adenosine receptor antagonist; anti-asthmatic drug; anti-inflammatory agent; bronchodilator agent; drug metabolite; EC 3.1.4.* (phosphoric diester hydrolase) inhibitor; fungal metabolite; human blood serum metabolite; immunomodulator; muscle relaxant; vasodilator agent
2-aminothiazole 2-aminothiazole: RN given refers to parent cpd; structure. 1,3-thiazol-2-amine : A primary amino compound that is 1,3-thiazole substituted by an amino group at position 2.	2.6	1	0	1,3-thiazoles; primary amino compound
amodiaquine Amodiaquine: A 4-aminoquinoline compound with anti-inflammatory properties.. amodiaquine : A quinoline having a chloro group at the 7-position and an aryl amino group at the 4-position.	2.6	1	0	aminoquinoline; organochlorine compound; phenols; secondary amino compound; tertiary amino compound	anticoronaviral agent; antimalarial; drug allergen; EC 2.1.1.8 (histamine N-methyltransferase) inhibitor; non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug; prodrug
acetovanillone apocynin : An aromatic ketone that is 1-phenylethanone substituted by a hydroxy group at position 4 and a methoxy group at position 3.	2.05	1	0	acetophenones; aromatic ketone; methyl ketone	antirheumatic drug; EC 1.6.3.1. [NAD(P)H oxidase (H2O2-forming)] inhibitor; non-narcotic analgesic; non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug; peripheral nervous system drug; plant metabolite
aspirin Aspirin: The prototypical analgesic used in the treatment of mild to moderate pain. It has anti-inflammatory and antipyretic properties and acts as an inhibitor of cyclooxygenase which results in the inhibition of the biosynthesis of prostaglandins. Aspirin also inhibits platelet aggregation and is used in the prevention of arterial and venous thrombosis. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p5). acetylsalicylate : A benzoate that is the conjugate base of acetylsalicylic acid, arising from deprotonation of the carboxy group.. acetylsalicylic acid : A member of the class of benzoic acids that is salicylic acid in which the hydrogen that is attached to the phenolic hydroxy group has been replaced by an acetoxy group. A non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug with cyclooxygenase inhibitor activity.	2.6	1	0	benzoic acids; phenyl acetates; salicylates	anticoagulant; antipyretic; cyclooxygenase 1 inhibitor; cyclooxygenase 2 inhibitor; drug allergen; EC 1.1.1.188 (prostaglandin-F synthase) inhibitor; geroprotector; non-narcotic analgesic; non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug; plant activator; platelet aggregation inhibitor; prostaglandin antagonist; teratogenic agent
azelaic acid nonanedioic acid : An alpha,omega-dicarboxylic acid that is heptane substituted at positions 1 and 7 by carboxy groups.	9.88	9	1	alpha,omega-dicarboxylic acid; dicarboxylic fatty acid	antibacterial agent; antineoplastic agent; dermatologic drug; plant metabolite
baclofen [no description available]	2.53	2	0	amino acid zwitterion; gamma-amino acid; monocarboxylic acid; monochlorobenzenes; primary amino compound	central nervous system depressant; GABA agonist; muscle relaxant
benzamide benzamide : An aromatic amide that consists of benzene bearing a single carboxamido substituent. The parent of the class of benzamides.	2.6	1	0	benzamides
bepridil Bepridil: A long-acting calcium-blocking agent with significant anti-anginal activity. The drug produces significant coronary vasodilation and modest peripheral effects. It has antihypertensive and selective anti-arrhythmia activities and acts as a calmodulin antagonist.. bepridil : A tertiary amine in which the substituents on nitrogen are benzyl, phenyl and 3-(2-methylpropoxy)-2-(pyrrolidin-1-yl)propyl.	1.99	1	0	pyrrolidines; tertiary amine	anti-arrhythmia drug; antihypertensive agent; calcium channel blocker; vasodilator agent
ym 58483 [no description available]	2.13	1	0
camostat camostat : A benzoate ester resulting from the formal condensation of the carboxy group of 4-guanidinobenzoic acid with the hydroxy group of 2-(dimethylamino)-2-oxoethyl (4-hydroxyphenyl)acetate. It is a potent inhibitor of the human transmembrane protease serine 2 (TMPRSS2) and its mesylate salt is currently under investigation for its effectiveness in COVID-19 patients.	2.6	1	0	benzoate ester; carboxylic ester; diester; guanidines; tertiary carboxamide	anti-inflammatory agent; anticoronaviral agent; antifibrinolytic drug; antihypertensive agent; antineoplastic agent; antiviral agent; serine protease inhibitor
camphor, (+-)-isomer [no description available]	2.6	1	0	bornane monoterpenoid; cyclic monoterpene ketone	plant metabolite
candesartan candesartan: a nonpeptide angiotensin II receptor antagonist. candesartan : A benzimidazolecarboxylic acid that is 1H-benzimidazole-7-carboxylic acid substituted by an ethoxy group at position 2 and a ({2'-(1H-tetrazol-5-yl)[1,1'-biphenyl]-4-yl}methyl) group at position 1. It is a angiotensin receptor antagonist used for the treatment of hypertension.	2.6	1	0	benzimidazolecarboxylic acid; biphenylyltetrazole	angiotensin receptor antagonist; antihypertensive agent; environmental contaminant; xenobiotic
celecoxib [no description available]	4.19	2	0	organofluorine compound; pyrazoles; sulfonamide; toluenes	cyclooxygenase 2 inhibitor; geroprotector; non-narcotic analgesic; non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug
cetylpyridinium Cetylpyridinium: Cationic bactericidal surfactant used as a topical antiseptic for skin, wounds, mucous membranes, instruments, etc.; and also as a component in mouthwash and lozenges.	2.6	1	0	pyridinium ion
chloroxylenol chloroxylenol: topical antiseptic; RN given refers to parent cpd; structure. 4-chloro-3,5-dimethylphenol : A member of the class of phenols that is 3,5-xylenol which is substituted at position 4 by chlorine. It is bactericidal against most Gram-positive bacteria but less effective against Staphylococci and Gram-negative bacteria, and often inactive against Pseudomonas species. It is ineffective against bacterial spores.	2.52	2	0	monochlorobenzenes; phenols	antiseptic drug; disinfectant; molluscicide
chlorpromazine Chlorpromazine: The prototypical phenothiazine antipsychotic drug. Like the other drugs in this class chlorpromazine's antipsychotic actions are thought to be due to long-term adaptation by the brain to blocking DOPAMINE RECEPTORS. Chlorpromazine has several other actions and therapeutic uses, including as an antiemetic and in the treatment of intractable hiccup.. chlorpromazine : A substituted phenothiazine in which the ring nitrogen at position 10 is attached to C-3 of an N,N-dimethylpropanamine moiety.	2.6	1	0	organochlorine compound; phenothiazines; tertiary amine	anticoronaviral agent; antiemetic; dopaminergic antagonist; EC 3.4.21.26 (prolyl oligopeptidase) inhibitor; phenothiazine antipsychotic drug
ciprofibrate [no description available]	2.6	1	0	cyclopropanes; monocarboxylic acid; organochlorine compound	antilipemic drug
ciprofloxacin Ciprofloxacin: A broad-spectrum antimicrobial carboxyfluoroquinoline.. ciprofloxacin : A quinolone that is quinolin-4(1H)-one bearing cyclopropyl, carboxylic acid, fluoro and piperazin-1-yl substituents at positions 1, 3, 6 and 7, respectively.	2.47	2	0	aminoquinoline; cyclopropanes; fluoroquinolone antibiotic; N-arylpiperazine; quinolinemonocarboxylic acid; quinolone antibiotic; quinolone; zwitterion	antibacterial drug; antiinfective agent; antimicrobial agent; DNA synthesis inhibitor; EC 5.99.1.3 [DNA topoisomerase (ATP-hydrolysing)] inhibitor; environmental contaminant; topoisomerase IV inhibitor; xenobiotic
clomiphene [no description available]	2.04	1	0	tertiary amine	estrogen antagonist; estrogen receptor modulator
clomipramine Clomipramine: A tricyclic antidepressant similar to IMIPRAMINE that selectively inhibits the uptake of serotonin in the brain. It is readily absorbed from the gastrointestinal tract and demethylated in the liver to form its primary active metabolite, desmethylclomipramine.. clomipramine : A dibenzoazepine that is 10,11-dihydro-5H-dibenzo[b,f]azepine which is substituted by chlorine at position 3 and in which the hydrogen attached to the nitrogen is replaced by a 3-(dimethylamino)propyl group. One of the more sedating tricyclic antidepressants, it is used as the hydrochloride salt for the treatment of depression as well as obsessive-compulsive disorder and phobias.	2.6	1	0	dibenzoazepine	anticoronaviral agent; antidepressant; EC 1.8.1.12 (trypanothione-disulfide reductase) inhibitor; serotonergic antagonist; serotonergic drug; serotonin uptake inhibitor
cloxyquin cloxyquin: has antitubercular activity; structure in first source	2.06	1	0	organochlorine compound; quinolines
danthron danthron: structure. chrysazin : A dihydroxyanthraquinone that is anthracene-9,10-dione substituted by hydroxy groups at positions 1 and 8.	2.6	1	0	dihydroxyanthraquinone	apoptosis inducer; plant metabolite
deferiprone Deferiprone: A pyridone derivative and iron chelator that is used in the treatment of IRON OVERLOAD in patients with THALASSEMIA.. deferiprone : A member of the class of 4-pyridones that is pyridin-4(1H)-one substituted at positions 1 and 2 by methyl groups and at position 3 by a hydroxy group. A lipid-soluble iron-chelator used for treatment of thalassaemia.	7.94	4	0	4-pyridones	iron chelator; protective agent
deferoxamine Deferoxamine: Natural product isolated from Streptomyces pilosus. It forms iron complexes and is used as a chelating agent, particularly in the mesylate form.. desferrioxamine B : An acyclic desferrioxamine that is butanedioic acid in which one of the carboxy groups undergoes formal condensation with the primary amino group of N-(5-aminopentyl)-N-hydroxyacetamide and the second carboxy group undergoes formal condensation with the hydroxyamino group of N(1)-(5-aminopentyl)-N(1)-hydroxy-N(4)-[5-(hydroxyamino)pentyl]butanediamide. It is a siderophore native to Streptomyces pilosus biosynthesised by the DesABCD enzyme cluster as a high affinity Fe(III) chelator.	7.9	4	0	acyclic desferrioxamine	bacterial metabolite; ferroptosis inhibitor; iron chelator; siderophore
dipyridamole Dipyridamole: A phosphodiesterase inhibitor that blocks uptake and metabolism of adenosine by erythrocytes and vascular endothelial cells. Dipyridamole also potentiates the antiaggregating action of prostacyclin. (From AMA Drug Evaluations Annual, 1994, p752). dipyridamole : A pyrimidopyrimidine that is 2,2',2'',2'''-(pyrimido[5,4-d]pyrimidine-2,6-diyldinitrilo)tetraethanol substituted by piperidin-1-yl groups at positions 4 and 8 respectively. A vasodilator agent, it inhibits the formation of blood clots.	2.6	1	0	piperidines; pyrimidopyrimidine; tertiary amino compound; tetrol	adenosine phosphodiesterase inhibitor; EC 3.5.4.4 (adenosine deaminase) inhibitor; platelet aggregation inhibitor; vasodilator agent
disulfiram [no description available]	2.6	1	0	organic disulfide; organosulfur acaricide	angiogenesis inhibitor; antineoplastic agent; apoptosis inducer; EC 1.2.1.3 [aldehyde dehydrogenase (NAD(+))] inhibitor; EC 3.1.1.1 (carboxylesterase) inhibitor; EC 3.1.1.8 (cholinesterase) inhibitor; EC 5.99.1.2 (DNA topoisomerase) inhibitor; ferroptosis inducer; fungicide; NF-kappaB inhibitor
valproic acid Valproic Acid: A fatty acid with anticonvulsant and anti-manic properties that is used in the treatment of EPILEPSY and BIPOLAR DISORDER. The mechanisms of its therapeutic actions are not well understood. It may act by increasing GAMMA-AMINOBUTYRIC ACID levels in the brain or by altering the properties of VOLTAGE-GATED SODIUM CHANNELS.. valproic acid : A branched-chain saturated fatty acid that comprises of a propyl substituent on a pentanoic acid stem.	2.53	2	0	branched-chain fatty acid; branched-chain saturated fatty acid	anticonvulsant; antimanic drug; EC 3.5.1.98 (histone deacetylase) inhibitor; GABA agent; neuroprotective agent; psychotropic drug; teratogenic agent
racemetirosine alpha-Methyltyrosine: An inhibitor of the enzyme TYROSINE 3-MONOOXYGENASE, and consequently of the synthesis of catecholamines. It is used to control the symptoms of excessive sympathetic stimulation in patients with PHEOCHROMOCYTOMA. (Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed)	2.17	1	0
doxazosin Doxazosin: A prazosin-related compound that is a selective alpha-1-adrenergic blocker.. doxazosin : A member of the class of quinazolines that is quinazoline substituted by an amino group at position 4, methoxy groups at positions 6 and 7 and a piperazin-1-yl group at position 2 which in turn is substituted by a 2,3-dihydro-1,4-benzodioxin-2-ylcarbonyl group at position 4. An antihypertensive agent, it is used in the treatment of high blood pressure.	2.6	1	0	aromatic amine; benzodioxine; monocarboxylic acid amide; N-acylpiperazine; N-arylpiperazine; quinazolines	alpha-adrenergic antagonist; antihyperplasia drug; antihypertensive agent; antineoplastic agent; vasodilator agent
ebselen ebselen : A benzoselenazole that is 1,2-benzoselenazol-3-one carrying an additional phenyl substituent at position 2. Acts as a mimic of glutathione peroxidase.	2.6	1	0	benzoselenazole	anti-inflammatory drug; antibacterial agent; anticoronaviral agent; antifungal agent; antineoplastic agent; antioxidant; apoptosis inducer; EC 1.13.11.33 (arachidonate 15-lipoxygenase) inhibitor; EC 1.13.11.34 (arachidonate 5-lipoxygenase) inhibitor; EC 1.3.1.8 [acyl-CoA dehydrogenase (NADP(+))] inhibitor; EC 1.8.1.12 (trypanothione-disulfide reductase) inhibitor; EC 2.5.1.7 (UDP-N-acetylglucosamine 1-carboxyvinyltransferase) inhibitor; EC 2.7.10.1 (receptor protein-tyrosine kinase) inhibitor; EC 3.1.3.25 (inositol-phosphate phosphatase) inhibitor; EC 3.4.22.69 (SARS coronavirus main proteinase) inhibitor; EC 3.5.4.1 (cytosine deaminase) inhibitor; EC 5.1.3.2 (UDP-glucose 4-epimerase) inhibitor; enzyme mimic; ferroptosis inhibitor; genotoxin; hepatoprotective agent; neuroprotective agent; radical scavenger
ellipticine ellipticine : A organic heterotetracyclic compound that is pyrido[4,3-b]carbazole carrying two methyl substituents at positions 5 and 11.	2.03	1	0	indole alkaloid; organic heterotetracyclic compound; organonitrogen heterocyclic compound; polycyclic heteroarene	antineoplastic agent; plant metabolite
emodin Emodin: Purgative anthraquinone found in several plants, especially RHAMNUS PURSHIANA. It was formerly used as a laxative, but is now used mainly as a tool in toxicity studies.. emodin : A trihydroxyanthraquinone that is 9,10-anthraquinone which is substituted by hydroxy groups at positions 1, 3, and 8 and by a methyl group at position 6. It is present in the roots and barks of numerous plants (particularly rhubarb and buckthorn), moulds, and lichens. It is an active ingredient of various Chinese herbs.	2.11	1	0	trihydroxyanthraquinone	antineoplastic agent; laxative; plant metabolite; tyrosine kinase inhibitor
etidronate Etidronic Acid: A diphosphonate which affects calcium metabolism. It inhibits ectopic calcification and slows down bone resorption and bone turnover.. etidronic acid : A 1,1-bis(phosphonic acid) that is (ethane-1,1-diyl)bis(phosphonic acid) having a hydroxy substituent at the 1-position. It inhibits the formation, growth, and dissolution of hydroxyapatite crystals by chemisorption to calcium phosphate surfaces.	2.6	1	0	1,1-bis(phosphonic acid)	antineoplastic agent; bone density conservation agent; chelator
2-hexyloxybenzamide 2-hexyloxybenzamide: structure	2.6	1	0	aromatic ether; benzamides	antifungal agent
brl 42810 [no description available]	2.6	1	0	2-aminopurines; acetate ester	antiviral drug; prodrug
fluphenazine [no description available]	2.6	1	0	N-alkylpiperazine; organofluorine compound; phenothiazines	anticoronaviral agent; dopaminergic antagonist; phenothiazine antipsychotic drug
fluorouracil Fluorouracil: A pyrimidine analog that is an antineoplastic antimetabolite. It interferes with DNA synthesis by blocking the THYMIDYLATE SYNTHETASE conversion of deoxyuridylic acid to thymidylic acid.. 5-fluorouracil : A nucleobase analogue that is uracil in which the hydrogen at position 5 is replaced by fluorine. It is an antineoplastic agent which acts as an antimetabolite - following conversion to the active deoxynucleotide, it inhibits DNA synthesis (by blocking the conversion of deoxyuridylic acid to thymidylic acid by the cellular enzyme thymidylate synthetase) and so slows tumour growth.	2.6	1	0	nucleobase analogue; organofluorine compound	antimetabolite; antineoplastic agent; environmental contaminant; immunosuppressive agent; radiosensitizing agent; xenobiotic
fusaric acid Fusaric Acid: A picolinic acid derivative isolated from various Fusarium species. It has been proposed for a variety of therapeutic applications but is primarily used as a research tool. Its mechanisms of action are poorly understood. It probably inhibits DOPAMINE BETA-HYDROXYLASE, the enzyme that converts dopamine to norepinephrine. It may also have other actions, including the inhibition of cell proliferation and DNA synthesis.	2.43	2	0	aromatic carboxylic acid; pyridines
gabexate Gabexate: A serine proteinase inhibitor used therapeutically in the treatment of pancreatitis, disseminated intravascular coagulation (DIC), and as a regional anticoagulant for hemodialysis. The drug inhibits the hydrolytic effects of thrombin, plasmin, and kallikrein, but not of chymotrypsin and aprotinin.	2.6	1	0	benzoate ester
2,5-dihydroxybenzoic acid 2,5-dihydroxybenzoic acid: RN given refers to parent cpd; a oxidative product of saligenin. 2,5-dihydroxybenzoic acid : A dihydroxybenzoic acid having the two hydroxy groups at the 2- and 5-positions.	2.06	1	0	dihydroxybenzoic acid	EC 1.13.11.33 (arachidonate 15-lipoxygenase) inhibitor; fungal metabolite; human metabolite; MALDI matrix material; mouse metabolite
glutaral Glutaral: One of the protein CROSS-LINKING REAGENTS that is used as a disinfectant for sterilization of heat-sensitive equipment and as a laboratory reagent, especially as a fixative.. glutaraldehyde : A dialdehyde comprised of pentane with aldehyde functions at C-1 and C-5.	2.6	1	0	dialdehyde	cross-linking reagent; disinfectant; fixative
fasudil fasudil: intracellular calcium antagonist; structure in first source. fasudil : An isoquinoline substituted by a (1,4-diazepan-1-yl)sulfonyl group at position 5. It is a Rho-kinase inhibitor and its hydrochloride hydrate form is approved for the treatment of cerebral vasospasm and cerebral ischemia.	2.6	1	0	isoquinolines; N-sulfonyldiazepane	antihypertensive agent; calcium channel blocker; EC 2.7.11.1 (non-specific serine/threonine protein kinase) inhibitor; geroprotector; neuroprotective agent; nootropic agent; vasodilator agent
haloperidol Haloperidol: A phenyl-piperidinyl-butyrophenone that is used primarily to treat SCHIZOPHRENIA and other PSYCHOSES. It is also used in schizoaffective disorder, DELUSIONAL DISORDERS, ballism, and TOURETTE SYNDROME (a drug of choice) and occasionally as adjunctive therapy in INTELLECTUAL DISABILITY and the chorea of HUNTINGTON DISEASE. It is a potent antiemetic and is used in the treatment of intractable HICCUPS. (From AMA Drug Evaluations Annual, 1994, p279). haloperidol : A compound composed of a central piperidine structure with hydroxy and p-chlorophenyl substituents at position 4 and an N-linked p-fluorobutyrophenone moiety.	2.6	1	0	aromatic ketone; hydroxypiperidine; monochlorobenzenes; organofluorine compound; tertiary alcohol	antidyskinesia agent; antiemetic; dopaminergic antagonist; first generation antipsychotic; serotonergic antagonist
miltefosine miltefosine: hexadecyl phosphocholine derivative of cisplatin; did not substantially activate HIV long terminal repeat; less toxic than cisplatin. miltefosine : A phospholipid that is the hexadecyl monoester of phosphocholine.	2.6	1	0	phosphocholines; phospholipid	anti-inflammatory agent; anticoronaviral agent; antifungal agent; antineoplastic agent; antiprotozoal drug; apoptosis inducer; immunomodulator; protein kinase inhibitor
hexylresorcinol [no description available]	4.62	7	0	resorcinols
beta-thujaplicin beta-thujaplicin: structure. beta-thujaplicin : A monoterpenoid that is cyclohepta-2,4,6-trien-1-one substituted by a hydroxy group at position 2 and an isopropyl group at position 4. Isolated from Thuja plicata and Chamaecyparis obtusa, it exhibits antimicrobial activities.	4.42	6	0	cyclic ketone; enol; monoterpenoid	antibacterial agent; antifungal agent; antineoplastic agent; antiplasmodial drug; plant metabolite
hycanthone Hycanthone: Potentially toxic, but effective antischistosomal agent, it is a metabolite of LUCANTHONE.. hycanthone : A thioxanthen-9-one compound having a hydroxymethyl substituent at the 1-position and a 2-[(diethylamino)ethyl]amino substituent at the 4-position. It was formerly used (particularly as the monomethanesulfonic acid salt) as a schistosomicide for individual or mass treatement of infection with Schistosoma haematobium and S. mansoni, but due to its toxicity and concern about possible carcinogenicity, it has been replaced by other drugs such as praziquantel.	2.6	1	0	thioxanthenes	mutagen; schistosomicide drug
hydrochlorothiazide Hydrochlorothiazide: A thiazide diuretic often considered the prototypical member of this class. It reduces the reabsorption of electrolytes from the renal tubules. This results in increased excretion of water and electrolytes, including sodium, potassium, chloride, and magnesium. It is used in the treatment of several disorders including edema, hypertension, diabetes insipidus, and hypoparathyroidism.. hydrochlorothiazide : A benzothiadiazine that is 3,4-dihydro-2H-1,2,4-benzothiadiazine 1,1-dioxide substituted by a chloro group at position 6 and a sulfonamide at 7. It is diuretic used for the treatment of hypertension and congestive heart failure.	2.6	1	0	benzothiadiazine; organochlorine compound; sulfonamide	antihypertensive agent; diuretic; environmental contaminant; xenobiotic
hydroxyurea [no description available]	2.6	1	0	one-carbon compound; ureas	antimetabolite; antimitotic; antineoplastic agent; DNA synthesis inhibitor; EC 1.17.4.1 (ribonucleoside-diphosphate reductase) inhibitor; genotoxin; immunomodulator; radical scavenger; teratogenic agent
ibuprofen Midol: combination of cinnamedrine, phenacetin, aspirin & caffeine	2.6	1	0	monocarboxylic acid	antipyretic; cyclooxygenase 1 inhibitor; cyclooxygenase 2 inhibitor; drug allergen; environmental contaminant; geroprotector; non-narcotic analgesic; non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug; radical scavenger; xenobiotic
indomethacin Indomethacin: A non-steroidal anti-inflammatory agent (NSAID) that inhibits CYCLOOXYGENASE, which is necessary for the formation of PROSTAGLANDINS and other AUTACOIDS. It also inhibits the motility of POLYMORPHONUCLEAR LEUKOCYTES.. indometacin : A member of the class of indole-3-acetic acids that is indole-3-acetic acid in which the indole ring is substituted at positions 1, 2 and 5 by p-chlorobenzoyl, methyl, and methoxy groups, respectively. A non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug, it is used in the treatment of musculoskeletal and joint disorders including osteoarthritis, rheumatoid arthritis, gout, bursitis and tendinitis.	3.78	2	0	aromatic ether; indole-3-acetic acids; monochlorobenzenes; N-acylindole	analgesic; drug metabolite; EC 1.14.99.1 (prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase) inhibitor; environmental contaminant; gout suppressant; non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug; xenobiotic metabolite; xenobiotic
avapro Irbesartan: A spiro compound, biphenyl and tetrazole derivative that acts as an angiotensin II type 1 receptor antagonist. It is used in the management of HYPERTENSION, and in the treatment of kidney disease.. irbesartan : A biphenylyltetrazole that is an angiotensin II receptor antagonist used mainly for the treatment of hypertension.	2.6	1	0	azaspiro compound; biphenylyltetrazole	angiotensin receptor antagonist; antihypertensive agent; environmental contaminant; xenobiotic
1-methyl-3-isobutylxanthine 1-Methyl-3-isobutylxanthine: A potent cyclic nucleotide phosphodiesterase inhibitor; due to this action, the compound increases cyclic AMP and cyclic GMP in tissue and thereby activates CYCLIC NUCLEOTIDE-REGULATED PROTEIN KINASES. 3-isobutyl-1-methylxanthine : An oxopurine that is xanthine which is substituted at positions 1 and 3 by methyl and isobutyl groups, respectively.	2.69	3	0	3-isobutyl-1-methylxanthine
isoniazid Hydra: A genus of freshwater polyps in the family Hydridae, order Hydroida, class HYDROZOA. They are of special interest because of their complex organization and because their adult organization corresponds roughly to the gastrula of higher animals.. hydrazide : Compounds derived from oxoacids RkE(=O)l(OH)m (l =/= 0) by replacing -OH by -NRNR2 (R groups are commonly H). (IUPAC).	2.11	1	0	carbohydrazide	antitubercular agent; drug allergen
itraconazole [no description available]	2.6	1	0	piperazines
ketoconazole 1-acetyl-4-(4-{[2-(2,4-dichlorophenyl)-2-(1H-imidazol-1-ylmethyl)-1,3-dioxolan-4-yl]methoxy}phenyl)piperazine : A dioxolane that is 1,3-dioxolane which is substituted at positions 2, 2, and 4 by imidazol-1-ylmethyl, 2,4-dichlorophenyl, and [para-(4-acetylpiperazin-1-yl)phenoxy]methyl groups, respectively.	2.05	1	0	dichlorobenzene; dioxolane; ether; imidazoles; N-acylpiperazine; N-arylpiperazine
kojic amine kojic amine: author refers to above as GABA analog; RN given refers to parent cpd; structure	1.95	1	0
mimosine Mimosine: 3-Hydroxy-4-oxo-1(4H)-pyridinealanine. An antineoplastic alanine-substituted pyridine derivative isolated from Leucena glauca.	8.24	6	0	alpha-amino acid
lapachol lapachol : A hydroxy-1,4-naphthoquinone that is 1,4-naphthoquinone substituted by hydroxy and 3-methylbut-2-en-1-yl groups at positions 2 and 3, respectively. It is a natural compound that exhibits antibacterial and anticancer properties, first isolated in 1882 from the bark of Tabebuia avellanedae.	2.6	1	0
loperamide Loperamide: One of the long-acting synthetic ANTIDIARRHEALS; it is not significantly absorbed from the gut, and has no effect on the adrenergic system or central nervous system, but may antagonize histamine and interfere with acetylcholine release locally.. loperamide : A synthetic piperidine derivative, effective against diarrhoea resulting from gastroenteritis or inflammatory bowel disease.	2.6	1	0	monocarboxylic acid amide; monochlorobenzenes; piperidines; tertiary alcohol	anticoronaviral agent; antidiarrhoeal drug; mu-opioid receptor agonist
loratadine Loratadine: A second-generation histamine H1 receptor antagonist used in the treatment of allergic rhinitis and urticaria. Unlike most classical antihistamines (HISTAMINE H1 ANTAGONISTS) it lacks central nervous system depressing effects such as drowsiness.. loratadine : A benzocycloheptapyridine that is 6,11-dihydro-5H-benzo[5,6]cyclohepta[1,2-b]pyridine substituted by a chloro group at position 8 and a 1-(ethoxycarbonyl)piperidin-4-ylidene group at position 11. It is a H1-receptor antagonist commonly employed in the treatment of allergic disorders.	2.6	1	0	benzocycloheptapyridine; ethyl ester; N-acylpiperidine; organochlorine compound; tertiary carboxamide	anti-allergic agent; cholinergic antagonist; geroprotector; H1-receptor antagonist
losartan Losartan: An antagonist of ANGIOTENSIN TYPE 1 RECEPTOR with antihypertensive activity due to the reduced pressor effect of ANGIOTENSIN II.. losartan : A biphenylyltetrazole where a 1,1'-biphenyl group is attached at the 5-position and has an additional trisubstituted imidazol-1-ylmethyl group at the 4'-position	2.6	1	0	biphenylyltetrazole; imidazoles	angiotensin receptor antagonist; anti-arrhythmia drug; antihypertensive agent; endothelin receptor antagonist
2-(4-morpholinyl)-8-phenyl-4h-1-benzopyran-4-one 2-(4-morpholinyl)-8-phenyl-4H-1-benzopyran-4-one: specific inhibitor of phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase; structure in first source	2.01	1	0	chromones; morpholines; organochlorine compound	autophagy inhibitor; EC 2.7.1.137 (phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase) inhibitor; geroprotector
4-(dimethylamino)-n-(7-(hydroxyamino)-7-oxoheptyl)benzamide 4-(dimethylamino)-N-(7-(hydroxyamino)-7-oxoheptyl)benzamide: structure in first source. 4-(dimethylamino)-N-[7-(hydroxyamino)-7-oxoheptyl]benzamide : A benzamide resulting from the formal condensation of the carboxy group of 4-(dimethylamino)benzoic acid with the amino group of 7-amino-N-hydroxyheptanamide. It is a potent inhibitor of histone deacetylases and induces cell cycle arrest and apoptosis in several human cancer cell lines.	2.6	1	0	benzamides; hydroxamic acid; secondary carboxamide; tertiary amino compound	antineoplastic agent; apoptosis inducer; EC 3.5.1.98 (histone deacetylase) inhibitor
mafenide Mafenide: A sulfonamide that inhibits the enzyme CARBONIC ANHYDRASE and is used as a topical anti-bacterial agent, especially in burn therapy.	2.6	1	0	aromatic amine
methazolamide Methazolamide: A carbonic anhydrase inhibitor that is used as a diuretic and in the treatment of glaucoma.	2.6	1	0	sulfonamide; thiadiazoles
methocarbamol Methocarbamol: A centrally acting muscle relaxant whose mode of action has not been established. It is used as an adjunct in the symptomatic treatment of musculoskeletal conditions associated with painful muscle spasm. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p1206). methocarbamol : A racemate comprising equimolar amounts of (R)- and (S)-methocarbamol. A centrally acting skeletal muscle relaxant, it is used as an adjunct in the short-term symptomatic treatment of painful muscle spasm. The (R)-enantiomer is more active than the (S)-enantiomer.. 2-hydroxy-3-(2-methoxyphenoxy)propyl carbamate : A carbamate ester that is glycerol in which one of the primary alcohol groups has been converted to its 2-methoxyphenyl ether while the other has been converted to the corresponding carbamate ester.	2.6	1	0	aromatic ether; carbamate ester; secondary alcohol
nocodazole [no description available]	3.25	1	0	aromatic ketone; benzimidazoles; carbamate ester; thiophenes	antimitotic; antineoplastic agent; microtubule-destabilising agent; tubulin modulator
methyl methanesulfonate [no description available]	2.02	1	0	methanesulfonate ester	alkylating agent; apoptosis inducer; carcinogenic agent; genotoxin; mutagen
mitoxantrone Mitoxantrone: An anthracenedione-derived antineoplastic agent.. mitoxantrone : A dihydroxyanthraquinone that is 1,4-dihydroxy-9,10-anthraquinone which is substituted by 6-hydroxy-1,4-diazahexyl groups at positions 5 and 8.	2.6	1	0	dihydroxyanthraquinone	analgesic; antineoplastic agent
entinostat [no description available]	2.6	1	0	benzamides; carbamate ester; primary amino compound; pyridines; substituted aniline	antineoplastic agent; apoptosis inducer; EC 3.5.1.98 (histone deacetylase) inhibitor
muscimol Muscimol: A neurotoxic isoxazole isolated from species of AMANITA. It is obtained by decarboxylation of IBOTENIC ACID. Muscimol is a potent agonist of GABA-A RECEPTORS and is used mainly as an experimental tool in animal and tissue studies.. muscimol : A member of the class of isoxazoles that is 1,2-oxazol-3(2H)-one substituted by an aminomethyl group at position 5. It has been isolated from mushrooms of the genus Amanita.	1.95	1	0	alkaloid; isoxazoles; primary amino compound	fungal metabolite; GABA agonist; oneirogen; psychotropic drug
ethylmaleimide Ethylmaleimide: A sulfhydryl reagent that is widely used in experimental biochemical studies.	2.6	1	0	maleimides	anticoronaviral agent; EC 1.3.1.8 [acyl-CoA dehydrogenase (NADP(+))] inhibitor; EC 2.1.1.122 [(S)-tetrahydroprotoberberine N-methyltransferase] inhibitor; EC 2.7.1.1 (hexokinase) inhibitor
nabumetone Nabumetone: A butanone non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug and cyclooxygenase-2 (COX2) inhibitor that is used in the management of pain associated with OSTEOARTHRITIS and RHEUMATOID ARTHRITIS.. nabumetone : A methyl ketone that is 2-butanone in which one of the methyl hydrogens at position 4 is replaced by a 6-methoxy-2-naphthyl group. A prodrug that is converted to the active metabolite, 6-methoxy-2-naphthylacetic acid, following oral administration. It is shown to have a slightly lower risk of gastrointestinal side effects than most other non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs.	2.6	1	0	methoxynaphthalene; methyl ketone	cyclooxygenase 2 inhibitor; non-narcotic analgesic; non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug; prodrug
nafamostat nafamostat: inhibitor of trypsin, plasmin, pancreatic kallikrein, plasma kallikrein & thrombin; strongly inhibits esterolytic activities of C1r & C1 esterase complement-mediated hemolysis; antineoplastic	2.6	1	0	benzoic acids; guanidines
nevirapine Nevirapine: A potent, non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor used in combination with nucleoside analogues for treatment of HIV INFECTIONS and AIDS.. nevirapine : A dipyridodiazepine that is 5,11-dihydro-6H-dipyrido[3,2-b:2',3'-e][1,4]diazepine which is substituted by methyl, oxo, and cyclopropyl groups at positions 4, 6, and 11, respectively. A non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor with activity against HIV-1, it is used in combination with other antiretrovirals for the treatment of HIV infection.	2.6	1	0	cyclopropanes; dipyridodiazepine	antiviral drug; HIV-1 reverse transcriptase inhibitor
niflumic acid Niflumic Acid: An analgesic and anti-inflammatory agent used in the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis.	3.41	1	0	aromatic carboxylic acid; pyridines
nipecotic acid nipecotic acid: RN given refers to cpd without isomeric designation. nipecotic acid : A piperidinemonocarboxylic acid that is piperidine in which one of the hydrogens at position 3 is substituted by a carboxylic acid group.	2.04	1	0	beta-amino acid; piperidinemonocarboxylic acid
masoprocol nordihydroguaretic acid: antioxidant compound found in the creosote bush (Larrea tridentata)	4.19	2	0	catechols; lignan; tetrol	antioxidant; ferroptosis inhibitor; geroprotector; plant metabolite
norfloxacin Norfloxacin: A synthetic fluoroquinolone (FLUOROQUINOLONES) with broad-spectrum antibacterial activity against most gram-negative and gram-positive bacteria. Norfloxacin inhibits bacterial DNA GYRASE.. norfloxacin : A quinolinemonocarboxylic acid with broad-spectrum antibacterial activity against most gram-negative and gram-positive bacteria. Norfloxacin is bactericidal and its mode of action depends on blocking of bacterial DNA replication by binding itself to an enzyme called DNA gyrase.	2.08	1	0	fluoroquinolone antibiotic; N-arylpiperazine; quinolinemonocarboxylic acid; quinolone antibiotic; quinolone	antibacterial drug; DNA synthesis inhibitor; environmental contaminant; xenobiotic
ofloxacin Ofloxacin: A synthetic fluoroquinolone antibacterial agent that inhibits the supercoiling activity of bacterial DNA GYRASE, halting DNA REPLICATION.. 9-fluoro-3-methyl-10-(4-methylpiperazin-1-yl)-7-oxo-2,3-dihydro-7H-[1,4]oxazino[2,3,4-ij]quinoline-6-carboxylic acid : An oxazinoquinoline that is 2,3-dihydro-7H-[1,4]oxazino[2,3,4-ij]quinolin-7-one substituted by methyl, carboxy, fluoro, and 4-methylpiperazin-1-yl groups at positions 3, 6, 9, and 10, respectively.. ofloxacin : A racemate comprising equimolar amounts of levofloxacin and dextrofloxacin. It is a synthetic fluoroquinolone antibacterial agent which inhibits the supercoiling activity of bacterial DNA gyrase, halting DNA replication.	2.11	1	0	3-oxo monocarboxylic acid; N-arylpiperazine; N-methylpiperazine; organofluorine compound; oxazinoquinoline
omeprazole Omeprazole: A 4-methoxy-3,5-dimethylpyridyl, 5-methoxybenzimidazole derivative of timoprazole that is used in the therapy of STOMACH ULCERS and ZOLLINGER-ELLISON SYNDROME. The drug inhibits an H(+)-K(+)-EXCHANGING ATPASE which is found in GASTRIC PARIETAL CELLS.. omeprazole : A racemate comprising equimolar amounts of (R)- and (S)-omeprazole.. 5-methoxy-2-{[(4-methoxy-3,5-dimethylpyridin-2-yl)methyl]sulfinyl}-1H-benzimidazole : A member of the class of benzimidazoles that is 1H-benzimidazole which is substituted by a [4-methoxy-3,5-dimethylpyridin-2-yl)methyl]sulfinyl group at position 2 and a methoxy group at position 5.	2.6	1	0	aromatic ether; benzimidazoles; pyridines; sulfoxide
osalmide osalmide: structure	2.6	1	0	organic molecular entity
oxethazaine [no description available]	2.6	1	0	amino acid amide
aminosalicylic acid Aminosalicylic Acid: An antitubercular agent often administered in association with ISONIAZID. The sodium salt of the drug is better tolerated than the free acid.. 4-aminosalicylic acid : An aminobenzoic acid that is salicylic acid substituted by an amino group at position 4.	2.06	1	0	aminobenzoic acid; phenols	antitubercular agent
palmidrol palmidrol: a cannabinoid receptor-inactive eCB-related molecule used as prophylactic in helping to prevent respiratory viral infection. palmitoyl ethanolamide : An N-(long-chain-acyl)ethanolamine that is the ethanolamide of palmitic (hexadecanoic) acid.	2.6	1	0	endocannabinoid; N-(long-chain-acyl)ethanolamine; N-(saturated fatty acyl)ethanolamine	anti-inflammatory drug; anticonvulsant; antihypertensive agent; neuroprotective agent
papaverine Papaverine: An alkaloid found in opium but not closely related to the other opium alkaloids in its structure or pharmacological actions. It is a direct-acting smooth muscle relaxant used in the treatment of impotence and as a vasodilator, especially for cerebral vasodilation. The mechanism of its pharmacological actions is not clear, but it apparently can inhibit phosphodiesterases and it may have direct actions on calcium channels.. papaverine : A benzylisoquinoline alkaloid that is isoquinoline substituted by methoxy groups at positions 6 and 7 and a 3,4-dimethoxybenzyl group at position 1. It has been isolated from Papaver somniferum.	2.6	1	0	benzylisoquinoline alkaloid; dimethoxybenzene; isoquinolines	antispasmodic drug; vasodilator agent
patulin Patulin: 4-Hydroxy-4H-furo(3,2-c)pyran-2(6H)-one. A mycotoxin produced by several species of Aspergillus and Penicillium. It is found in unfermented apple and grape juice and field crops. It has antibiotic properties and has been shown to be carcinogenic and mutagenic and causes chromosome damage in biological systems.. patulin : A furopyran and lactone that is (2H-pyran-3(6H)-ylidene)acetic acid which is substituted by hydroxy groups at positions 2 and 4 and in which the hydroxy group at position 4 has condensed with the carboxy group to give the corresponding bicyclic lactone. A mycotoxin produced by several species of Aspergillus and Penicillium, it has antibiotic properties but has been shown to be carcinogenic and mutagenic.	1.96	1	0	furopyran; gamma-lactone; lactol	antimicrobial agent; Aspergillus metabolite; carcinogenic agent; mutagen; mycotoxin; Penicillium metabolite
pd 169316 2-(4-nitrophenyl)-4-(4-fluorophenyl)-5-(4-pyridinyl)-1H-imidazole: p38 MAP kinase inhibitor	3.27	1	0	imidazoles
pd 98059 2-(2-amino-3-methoxyphenyl)-4H-1-benzopyran-4-one: inhibits MAP kinase kinase (MEK) activity, p42 MAPK and p44 MAPK; structure in first source. 2-(2-amino-3-methoxyphenyl)chromen-4-one : A member of the class of monomethoxyflavones that is 3'-methoxyflavone bearing an additional amino substituent at position 2'.	2.95	4	0	aromatic amine; monomethoxyflavone	EC 2.7.11.24 (mitogen-activated protein kinase) inhibitor; geroprotector
pentoxifylline [no description available]	2.6	1	0	oxopurine
perhexiline Perhexiline: 2-(2,2-Dicyclohexylethyl)piperidine. Coronary vasodilator used especially for angina of effort. It may cause neuropathy and hepatitis.	2.6	1	0	piperidines	cardiovascular drug
phenazopyridine Phenazopyridine: A local anesthetic that has been used in urinary tract disorders. Its use is limited by problems with toxicity (primarily blood disorders) and potential carcinogenicity.. phenazopyridine : A diaminopyridine that is 2,6-diaminopyridine substituted at position 3 by a phenylazo group. A local anesthetic that has topical analgesic effect on mucosa lining of the urinary tract. Its use is limited by problems with toxicity (primarily blood disorders) and potential carcinogenicity.	2.6	1	0	diaminopyridine; monoazo compound	anticoronaviral agent; carcinogenic agent; local anaesthetic; non-narcotic analgesic
phenobarbital Phenobarbital: A barbituric acid derivative that acts as a nonselective central nervous system depressant. It potentiates GAMMA-AMINOBUTYRIC ACID action on GABA-A RECEPTORS, and modulates chloride currents through receptor channels. It also inhibits glutamate induced depolarizations.. phenobarbital : A member of the class of barbiturates, the structure of which is that of barbituric acid substituted at C-5 by ethyl and phenyl groups.	2.03	1	0	barbiturates	anticonvulsant; drug allergen; excitatory amino acid antagonist; sedative
4-phenylbutyric acid 4-phenylbutyric acid: RN refers to the parent cpd. 4-phenylbutyric acid : A monocarboxylic acid the structure of which is that of butyric acid substituted with a phenyl group at C-4. It is a histone deacetylase inhibitor that displays anticancer activity. It inhibits cell proliferation, invasion and migration and induces apoptosis in glioma cells. It also inhibits protein isoprenylation, depletes plasma glutamine, increases production of foetal haemoglobin through transcriptional activation of the gamma-globin gene and affects hPPARgamma activation.	2.53	2	0	monocarboxylic acid	antineoplastic agent; apoptosis inducer; EC 3.5.1.98 (histone deacetylase) inhibitor; prodrug
phenylmethylsulfonyl fluoride Phenylmethylsulfonyl Fluoride: An enzyme inhibitor that inactivates IRC-50 arvin, subtilisin, and the fatty acid synthetase complex.. phenylmethanesulfonyl fluoride : An acyl fluoride with phenylmethanesulfonyl as the acyl group.	2.6	1	0	acyl fluoride	serine proteinase inhibitor
pimobendan pimobendan: produces arterial & venous dilatation in dogs; structure given in first source	2.6	1	0	benzimidazoles; pyridazinone	cardiotonic drug; EC 3.1.4.* (phosphoric diester hydrolase) inhibitor; vasodilator agent
pj-34 PJ34 : A member of the class of phenanthridines that is 5,6-dihydrophenanthridine substituted at positions 2 and 6 by (N,N-dimethylglycyl)amino and oxo groups, respectively. It is a potent inhibitor of poly(ADP-ribose) polymerases PARP1 and PARP2 (IC50 of 110 nM and 86 nM, respectively) and exhibits anti-cancer, cardioprotective and neuroprotective properties.	2.6	1	0	phenanthridines; secondary carboxamide; tertiary amino compound	angiogenesis inhibitor; anti-inflammatory agent; antiatherosclerotic agent; antineoplastic agent; apoptosis inducer; cardioprotective agent; EC 2.4.2.30 (NAD(+) ADP-ribosyltransferase) inhibitor; neuroprotective agent
praziquantel azinox: Russian drug	2.6	1	0	isoquinolines
probenecid Probenecid: The prototypical uricosuric agent. It inhibits the renal excretion of organic anions and reduces tubular reabsorption of urate. Probenecid has also been used to treat patients with renal impairment, and, because it reduces the renal tubular excretion of other drugs, has been used as an adjunct to antibacterial therapy.. probenecid : A sulfonamide in which the nitrogen of 4-sulfamoylbenzoic acid is substituted with two propyl groups.	2.6	1	0	benzoic acids; sulfonamide	uricosuric drug
probucol Probucol: A drug used to lower LDL and HDL cholesterol yet has little effect on serum-triglyceride or VLDL cholesterol. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p993).. probucol : A dithioketal that is propane-2,2-dithiol in which the hydrogens attached to both sulfur atoms are replaced by 3,5-di-tert-butyl-4-hydroxyphenyl groups. An anticholesteremic drug with antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties, it is used to treat high levels of cholesterol in blood.	3.78	2	0	dithioketal; polyphenol	anti-inflammatory drug; anticholesteremic drug; antilipemic drug; antioxidant; cardiovascular drug
promazine Promazine: A phenothiazine with actions similar to CHLORPROMAZINE but with less antipsychotic activity. It is primarily used in short-term treatment of disturbed behavior and as an antiemetic.. promazine : A phenothiazine deriative in which the phenothiazine tricycle has a 3-(dimethylaminopropyl) group at the N-10 position.	2.6	1	0	phenothiazines; tertiary amine	antiemetic; dopaminergic antagonist; EC 3.4.21.26 (prolyl oligopeptidase) inhibitor; H1-receptor antagonist; muscarinic antagonist; phenothiazine antipsychotic drug; serotonergic antagonist
promethazine Promethazine: A phenothiazine derivative with histamine H1-blocking, antimuscarinic, and sedative properties. It is used as an antiallergic, in pruritus, for motion sickness and sedation, and also in animals.. promethazine : A tertiary amine that is a substituted phenothiazine in which the ring nitrogen at position 10 is attached to C-3 of an N,N-dimethylpropan-2-amine moiety.	2.6	1	0	phenothiazines; tertiary amine	anti-allergic agent; anticoronaviral agent; antiemetic; antipruritic drug; H1-receptor antagonist; local anaesthetic; sedative
propranolol Propranolol: A widely used non-cardioselective beta-adrenergic antagonist. Propranolol has been used for MYOCARDIAL INFARCTION; ARRHYTHMIA; ANGINA PECTORIS; HYPERTENSION; HYPERTHYROIDISM; MIGRAINE; PHEOCHROMOCYTOMA; and ANXIETY but adverse effects instigate replacement by newer drugs.. propranolol : A propanolamine that is propan-2-ol substituted by a propan-2-ylamino group at position 1 and a naphthalen-1-yloxy group at position 3.	2.6	1	0	naphthalenes; propanolamine; secondary amine	anti-arrhythmia drug; antihypertensive agent; anxiolytic drug; beta-adrenergic antagonist; environmental contaminant; human blood serum metabolite; vasodilator agent; xenobiotic
pyrimethamine Maloprim: contains above 2 cpds	2.21	1	0	aminopyrimidine; monochlorobenzenes	antimalarial; antiprotozoal drug; EC 1.5.1.3 (dihydrofolate reductase) inhibitor
raloxifene raloxifene : A member of the class of 1-benzothiophenes that is 1-benzothiophene in which the hydrogens at positions 2, 3, and 6 have been replaced by p-hydroxyphenyl, p-[2-(piperidin-1-yl)ethoxy]benzoyl, and hydroxy groups, respectively.	2.06	1	0	1-benzothiophenes; aromatic ketone; N-oxyethylpiperidine; phenols	bone density conservation agent; estrogen antagonist; estrogen receptor modulator
resorcinol resorcinol: RN given refers to parent cpd; structure in Merck Index, 9th ed, #7951. resorcinol : A benzenediol that is benzene dihydroxylated at positions 1 and 3.	4.09	4	0	benzenediol; phenolic donor; resorcinols	erythropoietin inhibitor; sensitiser
rimantadine Rimantadine: An RNA synthesis inhibitor that is used as an antiviral agent in the prophylaxis and treatment of influenza.	2.6	1	0	alkylamine
rolipram [no description available]	2.6	1	0	pyrrolidin-2-ones	antidepressant; EC 3.1.4.* (phosphoric diester hydrolase) inhibitor
salicylamide salamide: a major impurity of hydrochlorothiazide; structure in first source	2.06	1	0	phenols; salicylamides	antirheumatic drug; non-narcotic analgesic
sb 202190 4-(4-fluorophenyl)-2-(4-hydroxyphenyl)-5-(4-pyridyl)imidazole: structure given in first source; inhibits p38 MAP kinase	3.27	1	0	imidazoles; organofluorine compound; phenols; pyridines	apoptosis inducer; EC 2.7.11.24 (mitogen-activated protein kinase) inhibitor
scriptaid scriptide: provokes translocation of GLUT4 to increase glucose uptake; structure in first source	2.6	1	0	isoquinolines
sebacic acid sebacic acid : An alpha,omega-dicarboxylic acid that is the 1,8-dicarboxy derivative of octane.	2.6	1	0	alpha,omega-dicarboxylic acid; dicarboxylic fatty acid	human metabolite; plant metabolite
sodium fluoride [no description available]	2.25	1	0	fluoride salt	mutagen
4-phenylbutyric acid, sodium salt sodium phenylbutyrate : The organic sodium salt of 4-phenylbutyric acid. A prodrug for phenylacetate, it is used to treat urea cycle disorders.	2.05	1	0	organic sodium salt	EC 3.5.1.98 (histone deacetylase) inhibitor; geroprotector; neuroprotective agent; orphan drug; prodrug
fenofibrate [no description available]	2.6	1	0	benzochromenone; delta-lactone; naphtho-alpha-pyrone	platelet aggregation inhibitor; Sir2 inhibitor
stearic acid octadecanoic acid : A C18 straight-chain saturated fatty acid component of many animal and vegetable lipids. As well as in the diet, it is used in hardening soaps, softening plastics and in making cosmetics, candles and plastics.	2.11	1	0	long-chain fatty acid; saturated fatty acid; straight-chain saturated fatty acid	algal metabolite; Daphnia magna metabolite; human metabolite; plant metabolite
imatinib [no description available]	2.6	1	0	aromatic amine; benzamides; N-methylpiperazine; pyridines; pyrimidines	antineoplastic agent; apoptosis inducer; tyrosine kinase inhibitor
vorinostat Vorinostat: A hydroxamic acid and anilide derivative that acts as a HISTONE DEACETYLASE inhibitor. It is used in the treatment of CUTANEOUS T-CELL LYMPHOMA and SEZARY SYNDROME.. vorinostat : A dicarboxylic acid diamide comprising suberic (octanedioic) acid coupled to aniline and hydroxylamine. A histone deacetylase inhibitor, it is marketed under the name Zolinza for the treatment of cutaneous T cell lymphoma (CTCL).	2.05	1	0	dicarboxylic acid diamide; hydroxamic acid	antineoplastic agent; apoptosis inducer; EC 3.5.1.98 (histone deacetylase) inhibitor
sulfanilamide [no description available]	1.93	1	0	substituted aniline; sulfonamide antibiotic; sulfonamide	antibacterial agent; drug allergen; EC 4.2.1.1 (carbonic anhydrase) inhibitor
suprofen Suprofen: An IBUPROFEN-type anti-inflammatory analgesic and antipyretic. It inhibits prostaglandin synthesis and has been proposed as an anti-arthritic.. suprofen : An aromatic ketone that is thiophene substituted at C-2 by a 4-(1-carboxyethyl)benzoyl group.	2.6	1	0	aromatic ketone; monocarboxylic acid; thiophenes	antirheumatic drug; drug allergen; EC 1.14.99.1 (prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase) inhibitor; non-narcotic analgesic; non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug; peripheral nervous system drug
thalidomide Thalidomide: A piperidinyl isoindole originally introduced as a non-barbiturate hypnotic, but withdrawn from the market due to teratogenic effects. It has been reintroduced and used for a number of immunological and inflammatory disorders. Thalidomide displays immunosuppressive and anti-angiogenic activity. It inhibits release of TUMOR NECROSIS FACTOR-ALPHA from monocytes, and modulates other cytokine action.. thalidomide : A racemate comprising equimolar amounts of R- and S-thalidomide.. 2-(2,6-dioxopiperidin-3-yl)-1H-isoindole-1,3(2H)-dione : A dicarboximide that is isoindole-1,3(2H)-dione in which the hydrogen attached to the nitrogen is substituted by a 2,6-dioxopiperidin-3-yl group.	2.82	2	0	phthalimides; piperidones
ticlopidine Ticlopidine: An effective inhibitor of platelet aggregation commonly used in the placement of STENTS in CORONARY ARTERIES.. ticlopidine : A thienopyridine that is 4,5,6,7-tetrahydrothieno[3,2-c]pyridine in which the hydrogen attached to the nitrogen is replaced by an o-chlorobenzyl group.	2.6	1	0	monochlorobenzenes; thienopyridine	anticoagulant; fibrin modulating drug; hematologic agent; P2Y12 receptor antagonist; platelet aggregation inhibitor
tranexamic acid Tranexamic Acid: Antifibrinolytic hemostatic used in severe hemorrhage.	4.83	3	2	amino acid
triamterene Triamterene: A pteridinetriamine compound that inhibits SODIUM reabsorption through SODIUM CHANNELS in renal EPITHELIAL CELLS.. triamterene : Pteridine substituted at positions 2, 4 and 7 with amino groups and at position 6 with a phenyl group. A sodium channel blocker, it is used as a diuretic in the treatment of hypertension and oedema.	2.6	1	0	pteridines	diuretic; sodium channel blocker
triclosan [no description available]	2.17	1	0	aromatic ether; dichlorobenzene; monochlorobenzenes; phenols	antibacterial agent; antimalarial; drug allergen; EC 1.3.1.9 [enoyl-[acyl-carrier-protein] reductase (NADH)] inhibitor; EC 1.5.1.3 (dihydrofolate reductase) inhibitor; fungicide; persistent organic pollutant; xenobiotic
trifluoperazine [no description available]	2.6	1	0	N-alkylpiperazine; N-methylpiperazine; organofluorine compound; phenothiazines	antiemetic; calmodulin antagonist; dopaminergic antagonist; EC 1.8.1.12 (trypanothione-disulfide reductase) inhibitor; EC 5.3.3.5 (cholestenol Delta-isomerase) inhibitor; phenothiazine antipsychotic drug
triflupromazine Triflupromazine: A phenothiazine used as an antipsychotic agent and as an antiemetic.. triflupromazine : A member of the class of phenothiazines that is 10H-phenothiazine having a trifluoromethyl subsitituent at the 2-position and a 3-(dimethylamino)propyl group at the N-10 position.	2.6	1	0	organofluorine compound; phenothiazines; tertiary amine	anticoronaviral agent; antiemetic; dopaminergic antagonist; first generation antipsychotic
trigonelline trigonelline: in hydra among other organisms; RN given refers to hydroxide inner salt; structure. N-methylnicotinic acid : A pyridinium ion consisting of nicotinic acid having a methyl substituent on the pyridine nitrogen.. N-methylnicotinate : An iminium betaine that is the conjugate base of N-methylnicotinic acid, arising from deprotonation of the carboxy group.	2.6	1	0	alkaloid; iminium betaine	food component; human urinary metabolite; plant metabolite
trimethobenzamide trimethobenzamide: major descriptor (64-84); on-line search BENZAMIDES (64-84); Index Medicus search TRIMETHOBENZAMIDE (64-84); RN given refers to parent cpd. trimethobenzamide : The amide obtained by formal condensation of 3,4,5-trihydroxybenzoic acid with 4-[2-(N,N-dimethylamino)ethoxy]benzylamine. It is used to prevent nausea and vomitting in humans.	2.6	1	0	benzamides; tertiary amino compound	antiemetic
trimethoprim Trimethoprim: A pyrimidine inhibitor of dihydrofolate reductase, it is an antibacterial related to PYRIMETHAMINE. It is potentiated by SULFONAMIDES and the TRIMETHOPRIM, SULFAMETHOXAZOLE DRUG COMBINATION is the form most often used. It is sometimes used alone as an antimalarial. TRIMETHOPRIM RESISTANCE has been reported.. trimethoprim : An aminopyrimidine antibiotic whose structure consists of pyrimidine 2,4-diamine and 1,2,3-trimethoxybenzene moieties linked by a methylene bridge.	2.76	2	0	aminopyrimidine; methoxybenzenes	antibacterial drug; diuretic; drug allergen; EC 1.5.1.3 (dihydrofolate reductase) inhibitor; environmental contaminant; xenobiotic
tyramine [no description available]	2.98	4	0	monoamine molecular messenger; primary amino compound; tyramines	EC 3.1.1.8 (cholinesterase) inhibitor; Escherichia coli metabolite; human metabolite; mouse metabolite; neurotransmitter
tyrphostin a9 [no description available]	2.6	1	0	alkylbenzene	geroprotector
delavirdine Delavirdine: A potent, non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor with activity specific for HIV-1.. delavirdine : The amide resulting from the formal condensation of 5-[(methylsulfonyl)amino]-1H-indole-2-carboxylic acid and 4-amino group of 1-[3-(isopropylamino)pyridin-2-yl]piperazine, delavirdine is a non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor with activity specific for HIV-1. Viral resistance emerges rapidly when delavirdine is used alone, so it is therefore used (as the methanesulfonic acid salt) with other antiretrovirals for combination therapy of HIV infection.	2.6	1	0	aminopyridine; indolecarboxamide; N-acylpiperazine; sulfonamide	antiviral drug; HIV-1 reverse transcriptase inhibitor
vesnarinone [no description available]	2.6	1	0	organic molecular entity
reserpine Reserpine: An alkaloid found in the roots of Rauwolfia serpentina and R. vomitoria. Reserpine inhibits the uptake of norepinephrine into storage vesicles resulting in depletion of catecholamines and serotonin from central and peripheral axon terminals. It has been used as an antihypertensive and an antipsychotic as well as a research tool, but its adverse effects limit its clinical use.. reserpine : An alkaloid found in the roots of Rauwolfia serpentina and R. vomitoria.	2.04	1	0	alkaloid ester; methyl ester; yohimban alkaloid	adrenergic uptake inhibitor; antihypertensive agent; EC 3.4.21.26 (prolyl oligopeptidase) inhibitor; environmental contaminant; first generation antipsychotic; plant metabolite; xenobiotic
thyroxine Thyroxine: The major hormone derived from the thyroid gland. Thyroxine is synthesized via the iodination of tyrosines (MONOIODOTYROSINE) and the coupling of iodotyrosines (DIIODOTYROSINE) in the THYROGLOBULIN. Thyroxine is released from thyroglobulin by proteolysis and secreted into the blood. Thyroxine is peripherally deiodinated to form TRIIODOTHYRONINE which exerts a broad spectrum of stimulatory effects on cell metabolism.. thyroxine : An iodothyronine compound having iodo substituents at the 3-, 3'-, 5- and 5'-positions.	2.92	4	0	2-halophenol; iodophenol; L-phenylalanine derivative; non-proteinogenic L-alpha-amino acid; thyroxine zwitterion; thyroxine	antithyroid drug; human metabolite; mouse metabolite; thyroid hormone
spironolactone Spironolactone: A potassium sparing diuretic that acts by antagonism of aldosterone in the distal renal tubules. It is used mainly in the treatment of refractory edema in patients with congestive heart failure, nephrotic syndrome, or hepatic cirrhosis. Its effects on the endocrine system are utilized in the treatments of hirsutism and acne but they can lead to adverse effects. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p827). spironolactone : A steroid lactone that is 17alpha-pregn-4-ene-21,17-carbolactone substituted by an oxo group at position 3 and an alpha-acetylsulfanyl group at position 7.	2	1	0	3-oxo-Delta(4) steroid; oxaspiro compound; steroid lactone; thioester	aldosterone antagonist; antihypertensive agent; diuretic; environmental contaminant; xenobiotic
idoxuridine [no description available]	2.6	1	0	organoiodine compound; pyrimidine 2'-deoxyribonucleoside	antiviral drug; DNA synthesis inhibitor
pentylenetetrazole Pentylenetetrazole: A pharmaceutical agent that displays activity as a central nervous system and respiratory stimulant. It is considered a non-competitive GAMMA-AMINOBUTYRIC ACID antagonist. Pentylenetetrazole has been used experimentally to study seizure phenomenon and to identify pharmaceuticals that may control seizure susceptibility.. pentetrazol : An organic heterobicyclic compound that is 1H-tetrazole in which the hydrogens at positions 1 and 5 are replaced by a pentane-1,5-diyl group. A central and respiratory stimulant, it was formerly used for the treatment of cough and other respiratory tract disorders, cardiovascular disorders including hypotension, and pruritis.	2.46	2	0	organic heterobicyclic compound; organonitrogen heterocyclic compound
triiodothyronine Triiodothyronine: A T3 thyroid hormone normally synthesized and secreted by the thyroid gland in much smaller quantities than thyroxine (T4). Most T3 is derived from peripheral monodeiodination of T4 at the 5' position of the outer ring of the iodothyronine nucleus. The hormone finally delivered and used by the tissues is mainly T3.. 3,3',5-triiodo-L-thyronine : An iodothyronine compound having iodo substituents at the 3-, 3'- and 5-positions. Although some is produced in the thyroid, most of the 3,3',5-triiodo-L-thyronine in the body is generated by mono-deiodination of L-thyroxine in the peripheral tissues. Its metabolic activity is about 3 to 5 times that of L-thyroxine. The sodium salt is used in the treatment of hypothyroidism.	2.91	4	0	2-halophenol; amino acid zwitterion; iodophenol; iodothyronine	human metabolite; mouse metabolite; thyroid hormone
diethylnitrosamine Diethylnitrosamine: A nitrosamine derivative with alkylating, carcinogenic, and mutagenic properties.. N-nitrosodiethylamine : A nitrosamine that is N-ethylethanamine substituted by a nitroso group at the N-atom.	7.72	3	0	nitrosamine	carcinogenic agent; hepatotoxic agent; mutagen
alanine Alanine: A non-essential amino acid that occurs in high levels in its free state in plasma. It is produced from pyruvate by transamination. It is involved in sugar and acid metabolism, increases IMMUNITY, and provides energy for muscle tissue, BRAIN, and the CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM.. alanine : An alpha-amino acid that consists of propionic acid bearing an amino substituent at position 2.	2.42	2	0	alanine zwitterion; alanine; L-alpha-amino acid; proteinogenic amino acid; pyruvate family amino acid	EC 4.3.1.15 (diaminopropionate ammonia-lyase) inhibitor; fundamental metabolite
chloramphenicol Amphenicol: Chloramphenicol and its derivatives.	2.6	1	0	C-nitro compound; carboxamide; diol; organochlorine compound	antibacterial drug; antimicrobial agent; Escherichia coli metabolite; geroprotector; Mycoplasma genitalium metabolite; protein synthesis inhibitor
lysine Lysine: An essential amino acid. It is often added to animal feed.. lysine : A diamino acid that is caproic (hexanoic) acid bearing two amino substituents at positions 2 and 6.. L-lysine : An L-alpha-amino acid; the L-isomer of lysine.	2.45	2	0	aspartate family amino acid; L-alpha-amino acid zwitterion; L-alpha-amino acid; lysine; organic molecular entity; proteinogenic amino acid	algal metabolite; anticonvulsant; Escherichia coli metabolite; human metabolite; micronutrient; mouse metabolite; nutraceutical; plant metabolite; Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite
vincristine [no description available]	3.25	1	0	acetate ester; formamides; methyl ester; organic heteropentacyclic compound; organic heterotetracyclic compound; tertiary alcohol; tertiary amino compound; vinca alkaloid	antineoplastic agent; drug; microtubule-destabilising agent; plant metabolite; tubulin modulator
physostigmine Physostigmine: A cholinesterase inhibitor that is rapidly absorbed through membranes. It can be applied topically to the conjunctiva. It also can cross the blood-brain barrier and is used when central nervous system effects are desired, as in the treatment of severe anticholinergic toxicity.	2.25	1	0	carbamate ester; indole alkaloid	antidote to curare poisoning; EC 3.1.1.8 (cholinesterase) inhibitor; miotic
sucrose Saccharum: A plant genus of the family POACEAE widely cultivated in the tropics for the sweet cane that is processed into sugar.	2.71	3	0	glycosyl glycoside	algal metabolite; Escherichia coli metabolite; human metabolite; mouse metabolite; osmolyte; Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite; sweetening agent
uridine [no description available]	2.1	1	0	uridines	drug metabolite; fundamental metabolite; human metabolite
carbostyril Quinolones: A group of derivatives of naphthyridine carboxylic acid, quinoline carboxylic acid, or NALIDIXIC ACID.. quinolin-2(1H)-one : A quinolone that is 1,2-dihydroquinoline substituted by an oxo group at position 2.	2.79	3	0	monohydroxyquinoline; quinolone	bacterial xenobiotic metabolite
levodopa Levodopa: The naturally occurring form of DIHYDROXYPHENYLALANINE and the immediate precursor of DOPAMINE. Unlike dopamine itself, it can be taken orally and crosses the blood-brain barrier. It is rapidly taken up by dopaminergic neurons and converted to DOPAMINE. It is used for the treatment of PARKINSONIAN DISORDERS and is usually given with agents that inhibit its conversion to dopamine outside of the central nervous system.. L-dopa : An optically active form of dopa having L-configuration. Used to treat the stiffness, tremors, spasms, and poor muscle control of Parkinson's disease	3.92	12	0	amino acid zwitterion; dopa; L-tyrosine derivative; non-proteinogenic L-alpha-amino acid	allelochemical; antidyskinesia agent; antiparkinson drug; dopaminergic agent; hapten; human metabolite; mouse metabolite; neurotoxin; plant growth retardant; plant metabolite; prodrug
edetic acid Edetic Acid: A chelating agent that sequesters a variety of polyvalent cations such as CALCIUM. It is used in pharmaceutical manufacturing and as a food additive.	4.4	6	0	ethylenediamine derivative; polyamino carboxylic acid; tetracarboxylic acid	anticoagulant; antidote; chelator; copper chelator; geroprotector
p-dimethylaminoazobenzene p-Dimethylaminoazobenzene: A reagent used mainly to induce experimental liver cancer. According to the Fourth Annual Report on Carcinogens (NTP 85-002, p. 89) published in 1985, this compound may reasonably be anticipated to be a carcinogen. (Merck, 11th ed)	2.02	1	0	azobenzenes
phenylethyl alcohol Phenylethyl Alcohol: An antimicrobial, antiseptic, and disinfectant that is used also as an aromatic essence and preservative in pharmaceutics and perfumery.. 2-phenylethanol : A primary alcohol that is ethanol substituted by a phenyl group at position 2.	2.69	2	0	benzenes; primary alcohol	Aspergillus metabolite; fragrance; plant growth retardant; plant metabolite; Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite
tyrosine Tyrosine: A non-essential amino acid. In animals it is synthesized from PHENYLALANINE. It is also the precursor of EPINEPHRINE; THYROID HORMONES; and melanin.. tyrosine : An alpha-amino acid that is phenylalanine bearing a hydroxy substituent at position 4 on the phenyl ring.	3.83	11	0	amino acid zwitterion; erythrose 4-phosphate/phosphoenolpyruvate family amino acid; L-alpha-amino acid; proteinogenic amino acid; tyrosine	EC 1.3.1.43 (arogenate dehydrogenase) inhibitor; fundamental metabolite; micronutrient; nutraceutical
zoxazolamine Zoxazolamine: A uricosuric and muscle relaxant. Zoxazolamine acts centrally as a muscle relaxant, but the mechanism of its action is not understood.	2.6	1	0	benzoxazole
aniline [no description available]	2.07	1	0	anilines; primary arylamine
phenylalanine Phenylalanine: An essential aromatic amino acid that is a precursor of MELANIN; DOPAMINE; noradrenalin (NOREPINEPHRINE), and THYROXINE.. L-phenylalanine : The L-enantiomer of phenylalanine.. phenylalanine : An aromatic amino acid that is alanine in which one of the methyl hydrogens is substituted by a phenyl group.	9.05	4	0	amino acid zwitterion; erythrose 4-phosphate/phosphoenolpyruvate family amino acid; L-alpha-amino acid; phenylalanine; proteinogenic amino acid	algal metabolite; EC 3.1.3.1 (alkaline phosphatase) inhibitor; Escherichia coli metabolite; human xenobiotic metabolite; micronutrient; mouse metabolite; nutraceutical; plant metabolite; Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite
n-phenylurea [no description available]	2.45	2	0	ureas
cytidine [no description available]	2.21	1	0	cytidines	Escherichia coli metabolite; human metabolite; mouse metabolite; Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite
cycloheximide Cycloheximide: Antibiotic substance isolated from streptomycin-producing strains of Streptomyces griseus. It acts by inhibiting elongation during protein synthesis.. cycloheximide : A dicarboximide that is 4-(2-hydroxyethyl)piperidine-2,6-dione in which one of the hydrogens attached to the carbon bearing the hydroxy group is replaced by a 3,5-dimethyl-2-oxocyclohexyl group. It is an antibiotic produced by the bacterium Streptomyces griseus.	2.6	1	0	antibiotic fungicide; cyclic ketone; dicarboximide; piperidine antibiotic; piperidones; secondary alcohol	anticoronaviral agent; bacterial metabolite; ferroptosis inhibitor; neuroprotective agent; protein synthesis inhibitor
ficusin Ficusin: A naturally occurring furocoumarin, found in PSORALEA. After photoactivation with UV radiation, it binds DNA via single and double-stranded cross-linking.. psoralen : The simplest member of the class of psoralens that is 7H-furo[3,2-g]chromene having a keto group at position 7. It has been found in plants like Psoralea corylifolia and Ficus salicifolia.	2.86	3	0	psoralens	plant metabolite
barbituric acid barbituric acid: RN given refers to parent cpd; structure from Merck Index, 9th ed, #966. barbituric acid : A barbiturate, the structure of which is that of perhydropyrimidine substituted at C-2, -4 and -6 by oxo groups. Barbituric acid is the parent compound of barbiturate drugs, although it is not itself pharmacologically active.	2.1	1	0	barbiturates	allergen; xenobiotic
dimethylformamide Dimethylformamide: A formamide in which the amino hydrogens are replaced by methyl groups.. N,N-dimethylformamide : A member of the class of formamides that is formamide in which the amino hydrogens are replaced by methyl groups.	1.99	1	0	formamides; volatile organic compound	geroprotector; hepatotoxic agent; polar aprotic solvent
tubercidin Tubercidin: An antibiotic purine ribonucleoside that readily substitutes for adenosine in the biological system, but its incorporation into DNA and RNA has an inhibitory effect on the metabolism of these nucleic acids.. tubercidin : An N-glycosylpyrrolopyrimidine that is adenosine in which the in the 5-membered ring that is not attached to the ribose moiety is replaced by a carbon. Tubercidin is produced in the culture broth of Streptomyces tubericidus.	2.6	1	0	antibiotic antifungal agent; N-glycosylpyrrolopyrimidine; ribonucleoside	antimetabolite; antineoplastic agent; bacterial metabolite
ampicillin Ampicillin: Semi-synthetic derivative of penicillin that functions as an orally active broad-spectrum antibiotic.. ampicillin : A penicillin in which the substituent at position 6 of the penam ring is a 2-amino-2-phenylacetamido group.	2.1	1	0	beta-lactam antibiotic; penicillin allergen; penicillin	antibacterial drug
mannitol [no description available]	1.98	1	0	mannitol	allergen; antiglaucoma drug; compatible osmolytes; Escherichia coli metabolite; food anticaking agent; food bulking agent; food humectant; food stabiliser; food thickening agent; hapten; metabolite; osmotic diuretic; sweetening agent
trifluridine Trifluridine: An antiviral derivative of THYMIDINE used mainly in the treatment of primary keratoconjunctivitis and recurrent epithelial keratitis due to HERPES SIMPLEX virus. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p557). trifluridine : A pyrimidine 2'-deoxyribonucleoside compound having 5-trifluoromethyluracil as the nucleobase. An antiviral drug used mainly in the treatment of primary keratoconjunctivitis and recurrent epithelial keratitis.	2.6	1	0	nucleoside analogue; organofluorine compound; pyrimidine 2'-deoxyribonucleoside	antimetabolite; antineoplastic agent; antiviral drug; EC 2.1.1.45 (thymidylate synthase) inhibitor
4-toluenesulfonamide 4-toluenesulfonamide: RN given refers to parent cpd. toluene-4-sulfonamide : A sulfonamide that is benzenesulfonamide bearing a methyl group at position 4.	2.06	1	0	sulfonamide
4-hydroxypropiophenone [no description available]	2.13	1	0	acetophenones
histidine Histidine: An essential amino acid that is required for the production of HISTAMINE.. L-histidine : The L-enantiomer of the amino acid histidine.. histidine : An alpha-amino acid that is propanoic acid bearing an amino substituent at position 2 and a 1H-imidazol-4-yl group at position 3.	2.08	1	0	amino acid zwitterion; histidine; L-alpha-amino acid; polar amino acid zwitterion; proteinogenic amino acid	algal metabolite; Escherichia coli metabolite; human metabolite; micronutrient; mouse metabolite; nutraceutical; Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite
valine Valine: A branched-chain essential amino acid that has stimulant activity. It promotes muscle growth and tissue repair. It is a precursor in the penicillin biosynthetic pathway.. valine : A branched-chain amino acid that consists of glycine in which one of the hydrogens attached to the alpha-carbon is substituted by an isopropyl group.. L-valine : The L-enantiomer of valine.	2.05	1	0	L-alpha-amino acid zwitterion; L-alpha-amino acid; proteinogenic amino acid; pyruvate family amino acid; valine	algal metabolite; Escherichia coli metabolite; human metabolite; micronutrient; mouse metabolite; nutraceutical; Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite
threonine Threonine: An essential amino acid occurring naturally in the L-form, which is the active form. It is found in eggs, milk, gelatin, and other proteins.. threonine : An alpha-amino acid in which one of the hydrogens attached to the alpha-carbon of glycine is substituted by a 1-hydroxyethyl group.	2.08	1	0	amino acid zwitterion; aspartate family amino acid; L-alpha-amino acid; proteinogenic amino acid; threonine	algal metabolite; Escherichia coli metabolite; human metabolite; micronutrient; mouse metabolite; nutraceutical; plant metabolite; Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite
propane Propane: A three carbon alkane with the formula H3CCH2CH3.	2.46	2	0	alkane; gas molecular entity	food propellant
cyclopropane cyclopropane : A cycloalkane composed of three carbon atoms to form a ring.	3.18	1	0	cycloalkane; cyclopropanes	inhalation anaesthetic
trichloroacetic acid Trichloroacetic Acid: A strong acid used as a protein precipitant in clinical chemistry and also as a caustic for removing warts.. trichloroacetic acid : A monocarboxylic acid that is acetic acid in which all three methyl hydrogens are substituted by chlorine.	4.37	2	2	monocarboxylic acid; organochlorine compound	carcinogenic agent; metabolite; mouse metabolite
phencyclidine Phencyclidine: A hallucinogen formerly used as a veterinary anesthetic, and briefly as a general anesthetic for humans. Phencyclidine is similar to KETAMINE in structure and in many of its effects. Like ketamine, it can produce a dissociative state. It exerts its pharmacological action through inhibition of NMDA receptors (RECEPTORS, N-METHYL-D-ASPARTATE). As a drug of abuse, it is known as PCP and Angel Dust.. phencyclidine : A member of the class of piperidines that is piperidine in which the nitrogen is substituted with a 1-phenylcyclohexyl group. Formerly used as an anaesthetic agent, it exhibits both hallucinogenic and neurotoxic effects.	1.96	1	0	benzenes; piperidines	anaesthetic; neurotoxin; NMDA receptor antagonist; psychotropic drug
acrylic acid acrylic acid: RN given refers to parent cpd. acrylic acid : A alpha,beta-unsaturated monocarboxylic acid that is ethene substituted by a carboxy group.	2.05	1	0	alpha,beta-unsaturated monocarboxylic acid	metabolite
isobutyric acid isobutyric acid: RN given refers to parent cpd. isobutyric acid : A branched fatty acid comprising propanoic acid carrying a methyl branch at C-2.	2.05	1	0	branched-chain saturated fatty acid; fatty acid 4:0; methyl-branched fatty acid	Daphnia magna metabolite; plant metabolite; volatile oil component
camphene camphene : A monoterpene with a bicyclic skeleton that is bicyclo[2.2.1]heptane substituted by geminal methyl groups at position 2 and a methylidene group at position 3. It is a widespread natural product found in many essential oils.	2.13	1	0	carbobicyclic compound; monoterpene	fragrance; plant metabolite
3-methylsalicylic acid 3-methylsalicylic acid : A monohydroxybenzoic acid consisting of salicylic acid carrying a methyl group at the 3-position.	2.06	1	0	monohydroxybenzoic acid	bacterial xenobiotic metabolite
lawsone lawsone: a molluscacide from leaves of Lawsonia inermis L. topical sunscreening agent; structure; powdered leaves of Lawsonia inermis(Lythraceae) used as brown hair dye. lawsone : 1,4-Naphthoquinone carrying a hydroxy function at C-2. It is obtained from the leaves of Lawsonia inermis.	2.06	1	0
9,10-anthraquinone 9,10-anthraquinone : An anthraquinone that is anthracene in which positions 9 and 10 have been oxidised to carbonyls.	2.6	1	0	anthraquinone
salicylanilide salicylanilide: RN given refers to parent cpd. salicylanilide : An amide of salicylic acid and of aniline; it is therefore both a salicylamide and an anilide.	2.6	1	0	benzanilide fungicide; salicylamides; salicylanilides
gramine gramine : An aminoalkylindole that is indole carrying a dimethylaminomethyl substituent at postion 3.	2.6	1	0	aminoalkylindole; indole alkaloid; tertiary amino compound	antibacterial agent; antiviral agent; plant metabolite; serotonergic antagonist
2-furoic acid 2-furoic acid: RN given refers to parent cpd. furoic acid : A monocarboxylic acid that consists of a furan ring having a single carboxylic acid group on any ring position and derivatives thereof.. 2-furoic acid : A furoic acid having the carboxylic acid group located at position 2.	2.21	1	0	furoic acid	bacterial xenobiotic metabolite; human xenobiotic metabolite; inhibitor; plant metabolite; Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite
2-acetylthiophene 2-acetylthiophene: structure in first source	2.04	1	0	aromatic ketone
5-methylsalicylic acid [no description available]	2.06	1	0
thymol Thymol: A phenol obtained from thyme oil or other volatile oils used as a stabilizer in pharmaceutical preparations, and as an antiseptic (antibacterial or antifungal) agent.. thymol : A phenol that is a natural monoterpene derivative of cymene.	2.59	2	0	monoterpenoid; phenols	volatile oil component
salicylaldehyde o-hydroxybenzaldehyde: structure in first source	2.46	2	0	hydroxybenzaldehyde	nematicide; plant metabolite
1-naphthylphenylamine N-phenyl-1-naphthylamine: RN given refers to 1-naphthylamine cpd; structure	2.11	1	0	naphthalenes
aminacrine Aminacrine: A highly fluorescent anti-infective dye used clinically as a topical antiseptic and experimentally as a mutagen, due to its interaction with DNA. It is also used as an intracellular pH indicator.. 9-aminoacridine : An aminoacridine that is acridine in which the hydrogen at position 9 is replaced by an amino group. A fluorescent dyd and topical antiseptic agent, it is used (usually as the hydrochloride salt) in eye drops for the treatment of superficial eye infections.	2.6	1	0	aminoacridines; primary amino compound	acid-base indicator; antiinfective agent; antiseptic drug; fluorescent dye; MALDI matrix material; mutagen
xanthone xanthone : The parent compound of the xanthone class consisting of xanthene bearing a single oxo substituent at position 9.	2.31	1	0	xanthones	insecticide
quinoline [no description available]	7.49	2	0	azaarene; mancude organic heterobicyclic parent; ortho-fused heteroarene; quinolines
isatin tribulin: endogenous MONOAMINE OXIDASE inhibitory activity extractable into ethyl acetate found in brain and many mammalian tissues and fluids; ISATIN is a major component; produced in excess following alcohol withdrawal;	2.49	2	0	indoledione	EC 1.4.3.4 (monoamine oxidase) inhibitor; plant metabolite
diphenyl diphenyl: RN given refers to unlabeled cpd; structure	2.15	1	0	aromatic fungicide; benzenes; biphenyls	antifungal agrochemical; antimicrobial food preservative
benzidine benzidine: RN given refers to parent cpd. benzidine : A member of the class of biphenyls that is 1,1'-biphenyl in which the hydrogen at the para-position of each phenyl group has been replaced by an amino group.	2.15	1	0	biphenyls; substituted aniline	carcinogenic agent
veratric acid veratric acid: RN given refers to parent cpd; structure. 3,4-dimethoxybenzoic acid : A member of the class of benzoic acids that is benzoic acid substituted by methoxy groups at positions 2 and 3.	2.53	2	0	benzoic acids	allergen; plant metabolite
quinaldic acid [no description available]	2.06	1	0	quinolinemonocarboxylic acid	human metabolite; Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite
propylparaben Parabens: Methyl, propyl, butyl, and ethyl esters of p-hydroxybenzoic acid. They have been approved by the FDA as antimicrobial agents for foods and pharmaceuticals. (From Hawley's Condensed Chemical Dictionary, 11th ed, p872)	7.13	1	0	benzoate ester; paraben; phenols	antifungal agent; antimicrobial agent
2,4-dihydroxybenzaldehyde 2,4-dihydroxybenzaldehyde : A dihydroxybenzaldehyde that is resorcinol which has been substituted by a formyl group para to one of the hydroxy groups.	2.13	1	0	dihydroxybenzaldehyde
benzothiophene [no description available]	2	1	0	1-benzothiophenes; benzothiophene
benzothiazole benzothiazole: structure. benzothiazole : An organic heterobicyclic compound that is a fusion product between benzene and thiazole. The parent of the class of benzothiazoles.	2.06	1	0	benzothiazoles	environmental contaminant; plant metabolite; xenobiotic
2-toluidine 2-toluidine: RN given refers to parent cpd. o-toluidine : An aminotoluene in which the amino substituent is ortho to the methyl group.	2.02	1	0	aminotoluene	carcinogenic agent
4-chloro-1,2-diaminobenzene 4-chloro-1,2-diaminobenzene: RN given refers to parent cpd	2.02	1	0	monochlorobenzenes
4-butyrolactone 4-Butyrolactone: One of the FURANS with a carbonyl thereby forming a cyclic lactone. It is an endogenous compound made from gamma-aminobutyrate and is the precursor of gamma-hydroxybutyrate. It is also used as a pharmacological agent and solvent.. tetrahydrofuranone : Any oxolane having an oxo- substituent at any position on the tetrahydrofuran ring.. gamma-butyrolactone : A butan-4-olide that is tetrahydrofuran substituted by an oxo group at position 2.	2.11	1	0	butan-4-olide	metabolite; neurotoxin
furaldehyde Furaldehyde: A heterocyclic compound consisting of a furan where the hydrogen at position 2 is substituted by a formyl group.. furfural : An aldehyde that is furan with the hydrogen at position 2 substituted by a formyl group.	2.06	1	0	aldehyde; furans	Maillard reaction product; metabolite
butylphen butylphen: irritant; structure. 4-tert-butylphenol : A member of the class of phenols that is phenol substituted with a tert-butyl group at position 4.	3.35	1	0	phenols	allergen
acetophenone acetophenone : A methyl ketone that is acetone in which one of the methyl groups has been replaced by a phenyl group.	2.04	1	0	acetophenones	animal metabolite; photosensitizing agent; xenobiotic
methyl gallate methyl gallate: has both immunosuppressive and phytogenic antineoplastic activities; isolated from Acer saccharinum. methyl 3,4,5-trihydroxybenzoate : A gallate ester obtained by the formal condensation of gallic acid with methanol. It exhibits anti-oxidant, anti-tumor, anti-microbial and anti-inflammatory properties.	2.6	1	0	gallate ester	anti-inflammatory agent; antioxidant; plant metabolite
methylparaben methylparaben: used as a preservative in cosmetics but potentiates UV-induced damage of skin; RN given refers to parent cpd. methylparaben : A 4-hydroxybenzoate ester resulting from the formal condensation of the carboxy group of 4-hydroxybenzoic acid with methanol. It is the most frequently used antimicrobial preservative in cosmetics. It occurs naturally in several fruits, particularly in blueberries.	7.13	1	0	paraben	antifungal agent; antimicrobial food preservative; neuroprotective agent; plant metabolite
4-aminoacetophenone [no description available]	2.11	1	0
4-acetylanisole 4-acetylanisole: structure given in first source. 4-methoxyacetophenone : A member of the class of acetophenones that is acetophenone substituted by a methoxy group at position 4.	2.04	1	0	acetophenones; monomethoxybenzene
4-anisic acid 4-methoxybenzoic acid: structure in first source. 4-methoxybenzoic acid : A methoxybenzoic acid substituted with a methoxy group at position C-4.	2.47	2	0	methoxybenzoic acid	plant metabolite
2,5-pyridinedicarboxylic acid 2,5-Pyridinedicarboxylic acid: RN given refers to parent cpd. isocinchomeronic acid : A pyridinedicarboxylic acid carrying carboxy groups at positions 2 and 5.	2.06	1	0	pyridinedicarboxylic acid
triclocarban triclocarban: bacteriostat; antiseptic in soaps & other cleansing solns; germicide; structure. triclocarban : A member of the class of phenylureas that is urea substituted by a 4-chlorophenyl group and a 3,4-dichlorophenyl group at positions 1 and 3 respectively.	2.17	1	0	dichlorobenzene; monochlorobenzenes; phenylureas	antimicrobial agent; antiseptic drug; disinfectant; environmental contaminant; xenobiotic
4,4'-diaminodiphenylmethane 4,4'-diaminodiphenylmethane: RN given refers to parent cpd; structure. 4,4'-diaminodiphenylmethane : An aromatic amine that is diphenylmethane substituted at the 4-position of each benzene ring by an amino group.	2.02	1	0	aromatic amine	allergen; carcinogenic agent
monobenzone monobenzone: structure. monobenzone : The monobenzyl ether of hydroquinone. It is used as a topical drug for medical depigmentation.	2.6	1	0	benzyl ether	allergen; dermatologic drug; melanin synthesis inhibitor
1,2-dihydrostilbene 1,2-dihydrostilbene: intermdiate in biosynthesis of dihydrophenanthrenes from phenylalanine. 1,2-dihydrostilbene : A diphenylethane that is the 1,2-dihydro derivative of stilbene.	2.07	1	0	diphenylethane
ethyl cyanoacetate ethyl cyanoacetate: affect muscarinic and nicotinic receptors; RN given refers to unlabeled parent cpd	2.1	1	0
acrylonitrile [no description available]	2.11	1	0	aliphatic nitrile; volatile organic compound	antifungal agent; carcinogenic agent; fungal metabolite; mutagen; polar aprotic solvent
n-pentanoic acid n-pentanoic acid: RN given refers to unlabeled parent cpd. valeric acid : A straight-chain saturated fatty acid containing five carbon atoms.	2.05	1	0	short-chain fatty acid; straight-chain saturated fatty acid	plant metabolite
dicyanmethane malononitrile : A dinitrile that is methane substituted by two cyano groups.	2.1	1	0	aliphatic nitrile; dinitrile
pyrroles 1H-pyrrole : A tautomer of pyrrole that has the double bonds at positions 2 and 4.. pyrrole : A five-membered monocyclic heteroarene comprising one NH and four CH units which forms the parent compound of the pyrrole group of compounds. Its five-membered ring structure has three tautomers. A 'closed class'.. azole : Any monocyclic heteroarene consisting of a five-membered ring containing nitrogen. Azoles can also contain one or more other non-carbon atoms, such as nitrogen, sulfur or oxygen.	2.06	1	0	pyrrole; secondary amine
thiophenes Thiophenes: A monocyclic heteroarene furan in which the oxygen atom is replaced by a sulfur.. thiophenes : Compounds containing at least one thiophene ring.	2	1	0	mancude organic heteromonocyclic parent; monocyclic heteroarene; thiophenes; volatile organic compound	non-polar solvent
morpholine [no description available]	2.11	1	0	morpholines; saturated organic heteromonocyclic parent	NMR chemical shift reference compound
decanaldehyde decanal : A saturated fatty aldehyde formally arising from reduction of the carboxy group of capric acid (decanoic acid).	2.1	1	0	medium-chain fatty aldehyde; n-alkanal; saturated fatty aldehyde	antifungal agent; fragrance; plant metabolite
diethylhexyl phthalate Diethylhexyl Phthalate: An ester of phthalic acid. It appears as a light-colored, odorless liquid and is used as a plasticizer for many resins and elastomers.. bis(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate : A phthalate ester that is the bis(2-ethylhexyl) ester of benzene-1,2-dicarboxylic acid.	2.02	1	0	diester; phthalate ester	androstane receptor agonist; apoptosis inhibitor; plasticiser
maltol maltol: found in bark of young larch trees; isolated from Passiflora incarnata; possesses depressant properties in mice; potentiates hexobarbital-induced narcosis & inhibits spontaneous motor activity; structure	3.41	7	0	4-pyranones	metabolite
2'-hydroxyacetophenone 2-acetylphenol : A monohydroxyacetophenone that is acetophenone in which one of the hydrogens ortho to the acetyl group has been replaced by a hydroxy group.	2.13	1	0	monohydroxyacetophenone; phenols	flavouring agent
benzoin [no description available]	2.07	1	0	benzoins; secondary alpha-hydroxy ketone	EC 3.1.1.1 (carboxylesterase) inhibitor
dianisidine Dianisidine: Highly toxic compound which can cause skin irritation and sensitization. It is used in manufacture of azo dyes.	1.98	1	0	biphenyls
2-tolidine 2-tolidine: RN given refers to parent cpd; structure	2.48	2	0	biphenyls
vanillic acid Vanillic Acid: A flavoring agent. It is the intermediate product in the two-step bioconversion of ferulic acid to vanillin. (J Biotechnol 1996;50(2-3):107-13).. vanillic acid : A monohydroxybenzoic acid that is 4-hydroxybenzoic acid substituted by a methoxy group at position 3.	8.48	7	0	methoxybenzoic acid; monohydroxybenzoic acid	plant metabolite
1-naphthylamine 1-Naphthylamine: A suspected industrial carcinogen (and listed as such by OSHA). Its N-hydroxy metabolite is strongly carcinogenic and mutagenic.. naphthylamine : A primary arylamine that is naphthalene substituted by an amino group at unspecified position.. 1-naphthylamine : A naphthylamine that is naphthalene substituted by an amino group at position 1.	2.11	1	0	naphthylamine	human xenobiotic metabolite
2-naphthol 2-naphthol: RN given refers to parent cpd. 2-naphthol : A naphthol carrying a hydroxy group at position 2.. naphthols : Any hydroxynaphthalene derivative that has a single hydroxy substituent.	2.99	4	0	naphthol	antinematodal drug; genotoxin; human urinary metabolite; human xenobiotic metabolite; mouse metabolite; radical scavenger
protocatechualdehyde protocatechualdehyde: found in wheat grains, wheat seedlings, & other plants; RN given refers to parent cpd; see also rancinamycins; structure	2.77	3	0	dihydroxybenzaldehyde
ditiocarb Ditiocarb: A chelating agent that has been used to mobilize toxic metals from the tissues of humans and experimental animals. It is the main metabolite of DISULFIRAM.. diethyldithiocarbamic acid : A member of the class of dithiocarbamic acids that is diethylcarbamic acid in which both of the oxygens are replaced by sulfur.	2.73	3	0	dithiocarbamic acids	chelator; copper chelator
mequinol mequinol: depigmenting agent; RN given refers to parent cpd	2.38	2	0	methoxybenzenes; phenols	metabolite
potassium cyanide [no description available]	2.47	2	0	cyanide salt; one-carbon compound; potassium salt	EC 1.15.1.1 (superoxide dismutase) inhibitor; EC 1.9.3.1 (cytochrome c oxidase) inhibitor; neurotoxin
catechin Catechin: An antioxidant flavonoid, occurring especially in woody plants as both (+)-catechin and (-)-epicatechin (cis) forms.. catechin : Members of the class of hydroxyflavan that have a flavan-3-ol skeleton and its substituted derivatives.. rac-catechin : A racemate comprising equimolar amounts of (+)- and (-)-catechin. (+)-catechin : The (+)-enantiomer of catechin and a polyphenolic antioxidant plant metabolite.	9.1	4	0	catechin	antioxidant; plant metabolite
triethylenediamine triethylenediamine: RN given refers to parent cpd. triethylenediamine : An organic heterobicylic compound that is piperazine with an ethane-1,2-diyl group forming a bridge between N1 and N4. It is typically used as a catalyst in polymerization reactions.	2.1	1	0	bridged compound; diamine; saturated organic heterobicyclic parent; tertiary amino compound	antioxidant; catalyst; reagent
adamantane Adamantane: A tricyclo bridged hydrocarbon.	2.07	1	0	adamantanes; polycyclic alkane
cyclopentane Cyclopentanes: A group of alicyclic hydrocarbons with the general formula R-C5H9.. cyclopentanes : Cyclopentane and its derivatives formed by substitution.	2.02	1	0	cycloalkane; cyclopentanes; volatile organic compound	non-polar solvent
isoxazoles Isoxazoles: Azoles with an OXYGEN and a NITROGEN next to each other at the 1,2 positions, in contrast to OXAZOLES that have nitrogens at the 1,3 positions.. isoxazole : A monocyclic heteroarene with a structure consisting of a 5-membered ring containing three carbon atoms and an oxygen and nitrogen atom adjacent to each other. It is the parent of the class of isoxazoles.. isoxazoles : Oxazoles in which the N and O atoms are adjacent.	2.07	1	0	isoxazoles; mancude organic heteromonocyclic parent; monocyclic heteroarene
thiazoles [no description available]	2.71	3	0	1,3-thiazoles; mancude organic heteromonocyclic parent; monocyclic heteroarene
1,2,4-triazole 1,2,4-triazole: RN given refers to 1H-1,2,4-triazole	7.58	2	0	1,2,4-triazole
hydrazine diamine : Any polyamine that contains two amino groups.	2.21	1	0	azane; hydrazines	EC 4.3.1.10 (serine-sulfate ammonia-lyase) inhibitor
gamma-resorcylic acid [no description available]	2.06	1	0	dihydroxybenzoic acid	metabolite
azacitidine Azacitidine: A pyrimidine analogue that inhibits DNA methyltransferase, impairing DNA methylation. It is also an antimetabolite of cytidine, incorporated primarily into RNA. Azacytidine has been used as an antineoplastic agent.. 5-azacytidine : An N-glycosyl-1,3,5-triazine that is 4-amino-1,3,5-triazin-2(1H)-one substituted by a beta-D-ribofuranosyl residue via an N-glycosidic linkage. An antineoplastic agent, it is used in the treatment of myeloid leukaemia.	2.6	1	0	N-glycosyl-1,3,5-triazine; nucleoside analogue	antineoplastic agent
galantamine Galantamine: A benzazepine derived from norbelladine. It is found in GALANTHUS and other AMARYLLIDACEAE. It is a cholinesterase inhibitor that has been used to reverse the muscular effects of GALLAMINE TRIETHIODIDE and TUBOCURARINE and has been studied as a treatment for ALZHEIMER DISEASE and other central nervous system disorders.. galanthamine : A benzazepine alkaloid isolated from certain species of daffodils.	3.68	2	0	benzazepine alkaloid fundamental parent; benzazepine alkaloid; organic heterotetracyclic compound; tertiary amino compound	antidote to curare poisoning; cholinergic drug; EC 3.1.1.7 (acetylcholinesterase) inhibitor; EC 3.1.1.8 (cholinesterase) inhibitor; plant metabolite
betamethasone Betamethasone: A glucocorticoid given orally, parenterally, by local injection, by inhalation, or applied topically in the management of various disorders in which corticosteroids are indicated. Its lack of mineralocorticoid properties makes betamethasone particularly suitable for treating cerebral edema and congenital adrenal hyperplasia. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p724)	2.13	1	0	11beta-hydroxy steroid; 17alpha-hydroxy steroid; 20-oxo steroid; 21-hydroxy steroid; 3-oxo-Delta(1),Delta(4)-steroid; fluorinated steroid; glucocorticoid; primary alpha-hydroxy ketone; tertiary alpha-hydroxy ketone	anti-asthmatic agent; anti-inflammatory drug; immunosuppressive agent
deoxybenzoin deoxybenzoin: structure in first source	2.07	1	0
lucanthone Lucanthone: One of the SCHISTOSOMICIDES, it has been replaced largely by HYCANTHONE and more recently PRAZIQUANTEL. (From Martindale The Extrapharmacopoeia, 30th ed., p46). lucanthone : A thioxanthen-9-one compound having a methyl substituent at the 1-position and a 2-[(diethylamino)ethyl]amino substituent at the 4-position. Formerly used for the treatment of schistosomiasis. It is a prodrug, being metabolised to hycanthone.	2.6	1	0	thioxanthenes	adjuvant; antineoplastic agent; EC 5.99.1.2 (DNA topoisomerase) inhibitor; EC 5.99.1.3 [DNA topoisomerase (ATP-hydrolysing)] inhibitor; mutagen; photosensitizing agent; prodrug; schistosomicide drug
cepharanthine cepharanthine: isoquinoline alkaloid from tubers of STEPHANIA; stimulates recovery of immunologic function in lymphatic system after administration of antineoplastic agents or x-irradiation. cepharanthine : A bisbenzylisoquinoline alkaloid from tubers of Stephania; stimulates recovery of immunologic function in lymphatic system after administration of antineoplastic agents or x-irradiation.	2.6	1	0	bisbenzylisoquinoline alkaloid; isoquinolines
aloe emodin aloe emodin: structure distinct from emodin; this does not mean emodin from aloe. Aloe emodin : A dihydroxyanthraquinone that is chrysazin carrying a hydroxymethyl group at position 3. It has been isolated from plant species of the genus Aloe.	2.76	2	0	aromatic primary alcohol; dihydroxyanthraquinone	antineoplastic agent; plant metabolite
chrysophanic acid chrysophanic acid: RN given refers to parent cpd; structure in Merck, 9th ed, #2260. chrysophanol : A trihydroxyanthraquinone that is chrysazin with a methyl substituent at C-3. It has been isolated from Aloe vera and exhibits antiviral and anti-inflammatory activity.	2.6	1	0	dihydroxyanthraquinone	anti-inflammatory agent; antiviral agent; plant metabolite
emetine Emetine: The principal alkaloid of ipecac, from the ground roots of Uragoga (or Cephaelis) ipecacuanha or U. acuminata, of the Rubiaceae. It is used as an amebicide in many different preparations and may cause serious cardiac, hepatic, or renal damage and violent diarrhea and vomiting. Emetine inhibits protein synthesis in EUKARYOTIC CELLS but not PROKARYOTIC CELLS.. emetine : A pyridoisoquinoline comprising emetam having methoxy substituents at the 6'-, 7'-, 10- and 11-positions. It is an antiprotozoal agent and emetic. It inhibits SARS-CoV2, Zika and Ebola virus replication and displays antimalarial, antineoplastic and antiamoebic properties.	2.6	1	0	isoquinoline alkaloid; pyridoisoquinoline	antiamoebic agent; anticoronaviral agent; antiinfective agent; antimalarial; antineoplastic agent; antiprotozoal drug; antiviral agent; autophagy inhibitor; emetic; expectorant; plant metabolite; protein synthesis inhibitor
osthol osthol: from Cnidium monnieri and Angelica pubescens (both Apiaceae); structure given in first source	2.6	1	0	botanical anti-fungal agent; coumarins	metabolite
flavanone flavanone: RN given refers to cpd with unspecified isomeric designation; structure in first source. flavanone : The simplest member of the class of flavanones that consists of flavan bearing an oxo substituent at position 4.	2.6	1	0	flavanones
benzohydroxamic acid [no description available]	2.41	2	0
indoline indoline: structure given in first source	2.1	1	0	indoles
carvacrol carvacrol : A phenol that is a natural monoterpene derivative of cymene. An inhibitor of bacterial growth, it is used as a food additive. Potent activator of the human ion channels transient receptor potential V3 (TRPV3) and A1 (TRPA1).	2.21	1	0	botanical anti-fungal agent; p-menthane monoterpenoid; phenols	agrochemical; antimicrobial agent; flavouring agent; TRPA1 channel agonist; volatile oil component
dipicolinic acid dipicolinic acid : A pyridinedicarboxylic acid carrying two carboxy groups at positions 2 and 6.	2.54	2	0	pyridinedicarboxylic acid	bacterial metabolite
3-pyridinaldehyde pyridine-3-carbaldehyde : A pyridinecarbaldehyde that is pyridine substituted by a formyl group at position 3.	2.06	1	0	pyridinecarbaldehyde
4-hydroxyphenylethanol 4-hydroxyphenylethanol: in chest gland secretion of galagos. 2-(4-hydroxyphenyl)ethanol : A phenol substituted at position 4 by a 2-hydroxyethyl group.	2.17	1	0	phenols	anti-arrhythmia drug; antioxidant; cardiovascular drug; fungal metabolite; geroprotector; plant metabolite; protective agent
phloretic acid phloretic acid: structure. N-hydroxysuccinimide ester : An ester of N-hydroxysuccinimide.. phloretic acid : A hydroxy monocarboxylic acid consisting of propionic acid having a 4-hydroxyphenyl group at the 3-position.	2.6	1	0	hydroxy monocarboxylic acid	plant metabolite
isovaleric acid isovaleric acid: structure. isovaleric acid : A C5, branched-chain saturated fatty acid.	2.05	1	0	branched-chain saturated fatty acid; methylbutyric acid; short-chain fatty acid	mammalian metabolite; plant metabolite
thiazolidines Thiazolidines: Reduced (protonated) form of THIAZOLES. They can be oxidized to THIAZOLIDINEDIONES.	2.21	1	0	thiazolidine
oleanolic acid [no description available]	2.72	2	0	hydroxy monocarboxylic acid; pentacyclic triterpenoid	plant metabolite
angelicin angelicin: used as tranquillizer; sedative; or anticonvulsant; structure	2.6	1	0	furanocoumarin
syringic acid syringic acid: RN given refers to parent cpd; structure in third source. syringic acid : A dimethoxybenzene that is 3,5-dimethyl ether derivative of gallic acid.	2.57	2	0	benzoic acids; dimethoxybenzene; phenols	plant metabolite
tropolone Tropolone: A seven-membered aromatic ring compound. It is structurally related to a number of naturally occurring antifungal compounds (ANTIFUNGAL AGENTS).. tropolone : A cyclic ketone that is cyclohepta-2,4,6-trien-1-one substituted by a hydroxy group at position 2. It is a toxin produced by the agricultural pathogen Burkholderia plantarii.	3.28	6	0	alpha-hydroxy ketone; cyclic ketone; enol	bacterial metabolite; fungicide; toxin
diperodon diperodon: RN given refers to parent cpd; structure given in first source	2.6	1	0	carbamate ester
malondialdehyde Malondialdehyde: The dialdehyde of malonic acid.. malonaldehyde : A dialdehyde that is propane substituted by two oxo groups at the terminal carbon atoms respectively. A biomarker of oxidative damage to lipids caused by smoking, it exists in vivo mainly in the enol form.	2.4	2	0	dialdehyde	biomarker
paeonol paeonol: structure	2.17	1	0	methoxybenzenes; phenols	metabolite
eriodictyol [no description available]	2.11	1	0	flavanones
2-hydroxybutyric acid 2-hydroxybutyric acid: RN given refers to cpd without isomeric designation. hydroxybutyric acid : Any compound comprising a butyric acid core carrying at least one hydroxy substituent.. 2-hydroxybutyric acid : A hydroxybutyric acid having a single hydroxyl group located at position 2; urinary secretion of 2-hydroxybutyric acid is increased with alcohol ingestion or vigorous physical exercise and is associated with lactic acidosis and ketoacidosis in humans and diabetes in animals.	2.05	1	0	2-hydroxy monocarboxylic acid; hydroxybutyric acid	algal metabolite; human metabolite
1,2-dihydroxynaphthalene 1,2-dihydroxynaphthalene: RN given refers to parent cpd	2.06	1	0	naphthalenediol	mouse metabolite
3-hydroxyflavone 3-hydroxyflavone: structure given in first source. flavonol : A monohydroxyflavone that is the 3-hydroxy derivative of flavone.	2.03	1	0	flavonols; monohydroxyflavone
8-aminoquinoline [no description available]	2.06	1	0
2,7-dihydroxynaphthalene [no description available]	2.17	1	0
megestrol acetate [no description available]	2.6	1	0	20-oxo steroid; 3-oxo-Delta(4) steroid; acetate ester; steroid ester	antineoplastic agent; appetite enhancer; contraceptive drug; progestin; synthetic oral contraceptive
5-nitroquinoline [no description available]	2.11	1	0
acetylcysteine N-acetyl-L-cysteine : An N-acetyl-L-amino acid that is the N-acetylated derivative of the natural amino acid L-cysteine.	2.75	3	0	acetylcysteine; L-cysteine derivative; N-acetyl-L-amino acid	antidote to paracetamol poisoning; antiinfective agent; antioxidant; antiviral drug; ferroptosis inhibitor; geroprotector; human metabolite; mucolytic; radical scavenger; vulnerary
isovanillin isovanillin: inhibits aldehyde oxidase. isovanillin : A member of the class of benzaldehydes that is 4-methoxybenzaldehyde substituted by a hydroxy group at position 3. It is an inhibitor of aldehyde oxidase.	2.25	1	0	benzaldehydes; monomethoxybenzene; phenols	animal metabolite; antidiarrhoeal drug; antifungal agent; EC 1.2.3.1 (aldehyde oxidase) inhibitor; HIV protease inhibitor; plant metabolite
6-methyluracil 6-methyluracil: RN given refers to unlabeled cpd; structure. 6-methyluracil : A pyrimidone that is uracil with a methyl group at position 6.	2.06	1	0	pyrimidone	metabolite
caproamide [no description available]	2.25	1	0	primary carboxamide; primary fatty amide
2-pyrrolecarboxylic acid 2-pyrrolecarboxylic acid: hypocalcemic action; structure. pyrrole-2-carboxylic acid : A pyrrolecarboxylic acid that is 1H-pyrrole carrying a carboxy substituent at position 2.	2.48	2	0	pyrrolecarboxylic acid	plant metabolite
isovanillic acid 3-hydroxy-4-methoxybenzoic acid : A methoxybenzoic acid that is 4-methoxybenzoic acid bearing a hydroxy substituent at position 3.	2.08	1	0	methoxybenzoic acid; monohydroxybenzoic acid	antibacterial agent; plant metabolite
gamma-thujaplicin 2-hydroxy-5-isopropyl- 2,4,6-cycloheptatrienone: a metal chelating agent	3.89	3	0	cyclic ketone
hydroxychloroquine sulfate [no description available]	2.6	1	0
8-hydroxy-2-methylquinoline 8-hydroxy-2-methylquinoline: structure in first source	2.06	1	0	hydroxyquinoline
2-(2'-hydroxyphenyl)benzoxazole 2-(2'-hydroxyphenyl)benzoxazole: structure in first source. 2-(1,3-benzoxazol-2-yl)phenol : A member of the class of 1,3-benzoxazoles that is 1,3-benzoxazole substituted by a 2-hydroxyphenyl group at position 2.	2.06	1	0	1,3-benzoxazoles; phenols	geroprotector
3-hydroxypicolinic acid [no description available]	2.06	1	0	monocarboxylic acid; monohydroxypyridine	MALDI matrix material
3-hydroxy-1-benzopyran-2-one 3-hydroxycoumarin: Photoprotective from sea urchin gametes and embryonic cells; structure in first source. hydroxycoumarin : Any coumarin carrying at least one hydroxy substituent.	3.35	1	0	hydroxycoumarin
ethambutol Ethambutol: An antitubercular agent that inhibits the transfer of mycolic acids into the cell wall of the tubercle bacillus. It may also inhibit the synthesis of spermidine in mycobacteria. The action is usually bactericidal, and the drug can penetrate human cell membranes to exert its lethal effect. (From Smith and Reynard, Textbook of Pharmacology, 1992, p863). ethambutol : An ethylenediamine derivative that is ethane-1,2-diamine in which one hydrogen attached to each of the nitrogens is sutstituted by a 1-hydroxybutan-2-yl group (S,S-configuration). It is a bacteriostatic antimycobacterial drug, effective against Mycobacterium tuberculosis and some other mycobacteria. It is used (as the dihydrochloride salt) in combination with other antituberculous drugs in the treatment of pulmonary and extrapulmonary tuberculosis; resistant strains of M. tuberculosis are readily produced if ethambutol is used alone.	2.61	2	0	ethanolamines; ethylenediamine derivative	antitubercular agent; environmental contaminant; xenobiotic
metformin hydrochloride metformin hydrochloride : A hydrochloride resulting from the reaction of metformin with one molar equivalent of hydrogen chloride.	2.6	1	0	hydrochloride	environmental contaminant; hypoglycemic agent; xenobiotic
8-hydroxyquinoline N-oxide 8-hydroxyquinoline N-oxide : A quinoline N-oxide carrying a hydroxy substituent at position 8.	2.06	1	0	monohydroxyquinoline; quinoline N-oxide
antimycin a [no description available]	2.6	1	0	benzamides; formamides; macrodiolide; phenols	antifungal agent; mitochondrial respiratory-chain inhibitor; piscicide
d-alpha tocopherol Vitamin E: A generic descriptor for all TOCOPHEROLS and TOCOTRIENOLS that exhibit ALPHA-TOCOPHEROL activity. By virtue of the phenolic hydrogen on the 2H-1-benzopyran-6-ol nucleus, these compounds exhibit varying degree of antioxidant activity, depending on the site and number of methyl groups and the type of ISOPRENOIDS.. tocopherol : A collective name for a group of closely related lipids that contain a chroman-6-ol nucleus substituted at position 2 by a methyl group and by a saturated hydrocarbon chain consisting of three isoprenoid units. They are designated as alpha-, beta-, gamma-, and delta-tocopherol depending on the number and position of additional methyl substituents on the aromatic ring. Tocopherols occur in vegetable oils and vegetable oil products, almost exclusively with R,R,R configuration. Tocotrienols differ from tocopherols only in having three double bonds in the hydrocarbon chain.. vitamin E : Any member of a group of fat-soluble chromanols that exhibit biological activity against vitamin E deficiency. The vitamers in this class consists of a chroman-6-ol core which is substituted at position 2 by a methyl group and (also at position 2) either a saturated or a triply-unsaturated hydrocarbon chain consisting of three isoprenoid units. The major function of vitamin E is to act as a natural antioxidant by scavenging free radicals and molecular oxygen.. (R,R,R)-alpha-tocopherol : An alpha-tocopherol that has R,R,R configuration. The naturally occurring stereoisomer of alpha-tocopherol, it is found particularly in sunflower and olive oils.	4.22	5	0	alpha-tocopherol	algal metabolite; antiatherogenic agent; anticoagulant; antioxidant; antiviral agent; EC 2.7.11.13 (protein kinase C) inhibitor; immunomodulator; micronutrient; nutraceutical; plant metabolite
clopyralid clopyralid : An organochlorine pesticide having a 3,6-dichlorinated picolinic acid structure.	2.06	1	0	organochlorine pesticide; pyridines	herbicide
5,5'-dimethyl-2,2'-bipyridyl 5,5'-dimethyl-2,2'-bipyridyl: structure in first source	2.6	1	0	bipyridines
dichlorobenzyl alcohol 2,4-dichlorobenzyl alcohol : A member of the class of benzyl alcohols that is benzyl alcohol in which the hydrogens at positions 2 and 4 are replaced by chlorines.	2.6	1	0	benzyl alcohols; dichlorobenzene	antiseptic drug
5-hydroxyindole [no description available]	2.05	1	0	hydroxyindoles	human metabolite
stavudine Stavudine: A dideoxynucleoside analog that inhibits reverse transcriptase and has in vitro activity against HIV.. stavudine : A nucleoside analogue obtained by formal dehydration across positions 2 and 3 of thymidine. An inhibitor of HIV-1 reverse transcriptase	2.6	1	0	dihydrofuran; nucleoside analogue; organic molecular entity	antimetabolite; antiviral agent; EC 2.7.7.49 (RNA-directed DNA polymerase) inhibitor
2-(2-hydroxyphenyl)benzothiazole 2-(1,3-benzothiazol-2-yl)phenol : A member of the class of benzothiazoles that is 1,3-benzothiazole substituted by a 2-hydroxyphenyl group at position 2.	2.47	2	0	benzothiazoles; phenols	geroprotector
streptomycin [no description available]	2.11	1	0	antibiotic antifungal drug; antibiotic fungicide; streptomycins	antibacterial drug; antifungal agrochemical; antimicrobial agent; antimicrobial drug; bacterial metabolite; protein synthesis inhibitor
dideoxyadenosine Dideoxyadenosine: A dideoxynucleoside compound in which the 3'-hydroxy group on the sugar moiety has been replaced by a hydrogen. This modification prevents the formation of phosphodiester linkages which are needed for the completion of nucleic acid chains. The compound is an inhibitor of HIV replication, acting as a chain-terminator of viral DNA by binding to reverse transcriptase. Its principal side effect is nephrotoxicity. In vivo, dideoxyadenosine is rapidly metabolized to DIDANOSINE (ddI) by enzymatic deamination; ddI is then converted to dideoxyinosine monophosphate and ultimately to dideoxyadenosine triphosphate, the putative active metabolite.	2.6	1	0	adenosines; purine 2',3'-dideoxyribonucleoside	EC 3.5.4.4 (adenosine deaminase) inhibitor; EC 4.6.1.1 (adenylate cyclase) inhibitor
ethyl maltol ethyl maltol: structure given in first source	2.06	1	0	pyranone
octylmethoxycinnamate octylmethoxycinnamate: a sunscreen used for prevention of DNA photodamage	2.15	1	0	cinnamate ester
vidarabine adenine arabinoside : A purine nucleoside in which adenine is attached to arabinofuranose via a beta-N(9)-glycosidic bond.	2.6	1	0	beta-D-arabinoside; purine nucleoside	antineoplastic agent; bacterial metabolite; nucleoside antibiotic
3-deazaadenosine 3-deazaadenosine: RN given refers to parent cpd.	2.6	1	0
manganese Manganese: A trace element with atomic symbol Mn, atomic number 25, and atomic weight 54.94. It is concentrated in cell mitochondria, mostly in the pituitary gland, liver, pancreas, kidney, and bone, influences the synthesis of mucopolysaccharides, stimulates hepatic synthesis of cholesterol and fatty acids, and is a cofactor in many enzymes, including arginase and alkaline phosphatase in the liver. (From AMA Drug Evaluations Annual 1992, p2035). manganese(4+) : A manganese cation that is monoatomic and has a formal charge of +4.	2.7	3	0	elemental manganese; manganese group element atom	Escherichia coli metabolite; micronutrient
mercury Mercury: A silver metallic element that exists as a liquid at room temperature. It has the atomic symbol Hg (from hydrargyrum, liquid silver), atomic number 80, and atomic weight 200.59. Mercury is used in many industrial applications and its salts have been employed therapeutically as purgatives, antisyphilitics, disinfectants, and astringents. It can be absorbed through the skin and mucous membranes which leads to MERCURY POISONING. Because of its toxicity, the clinical use of mercury and mercurials is diminishing.. mercury(0) : Elemental mercury of oxidation state zero.	2.43	2	0	elemental mercury; zinc group element atom	neurotoxin
rhodium Rhodium: A hard and rare metal of the platinum group, atomic number 45, atomic weight 102.905, symbol Rh.. rhodium atom : A cobalt group element atom of atomic number 45.	3.18	1	0	cobalt group element atom
ruthenium Ruthenium: A hard, brittle, grayish-white rare earth metal with an atomic symbol Ru, atomic number 44, and atomic weight 101.07. It is used as a catalyst and hardener for PLATINUM and PALLADIUM.	3.18	1	0	iron group element atom; platinum group metal atom
silver Silver: An element with the atomic symbol Ag, atomic number 47, and atomic weight 107.87. It is a soft metal that is used medically in surgical instruments, dental prostheses, and alloys. Long-continued use of silver salts can lead to a form of poisoning known as ARGYRIA.	7.6	1	0	copper group element atom; elemental silver	Escherichia coli metabolite
titanium Titanium: A dark-gray, metallic element of widespread distribution but occurring in small amounts with atomic number, 22, atomic weight, 47.867 and symbol, Ti; specific gravity, 4.5; used for fixation of fractures.	2.41	1	0	titanium group element atom
cadmium Cadmium: An element with atomic symbol Cd, atomic number 48, and atomic weight 112.41. It is a metal and ingestion will lead to CADMIUM POISONING.. elemental cadmium : An element in the zinc group of the periodic table with atomic number 48, atomic mass 112, M.P. 321degreeC, and B.P. 765degreeC). An odourless, tasteless, and highly poisonous soft, ductile, lustrous metal with electropositive properties. It has eight stable isotopes: (106)Cd, (108)Cd,(110)Cd, (111)Cd, (112)Cd, (113)Cd, (114)Cd and (116)Cd, with (112)Cd and (114)Cd being the most common.	2.76	2	0	cadmium molecular entity; zinc group element atom
europium Europium: An element of the rare earth family of metals. It has the atomic symbol Eu, atomic number 63, and atomic weight 152. Europium is used in the form of its salts as coatings for cathode ray tubes and in the form of its organic derivatives as shift reagents in NMR spectroscopy.	2.21	1	0	f-block element atom; lanthanoid atom
gold Gold: A yellow metallic element with the atomic symbol Au, atomic number 79, and atomic weight 197. It is used in jewelry, goldplating of other metals, as currency, and in dental restoration. Many of its clinical applications, such as ANTIRHEUMATIC AGENTS, are in the form of its salts.	7.21	1	0	copper group element atom; elemental gold
vanadium Vanadium: A metallic element with the atomic symbol V, atomic number 23, and atomic weight 50.94. It is used in the manufacture of vanadium steel. Prolonged exposure can lead to chronic intoxication caused by absorption usually via the lungs.	7.46	2	0	elemental vanadium; vanadium group element atom	micronutrient
zalcitabine Zalcitabine: A dideoxynucleoside compound in which the 3'-hydroxy group on the sugar moiety has been replaced by a hydrogen. This modification prevents the formation of phosphodiester linkages which are needed for the completion of nucleic acid chains. The compound is a potent inhibitor of HIV replication at low concentrations, acting as a chain-terminator of viral DNA by binding to reverse transcriptase. Its principal toxic side effect is axonal degeneration resulting in peripheral neuropathy.. zalcitabine : A pyrimidine 2',3'-dideoxyribonucleoside compound having cytosine as the nucleobase.	2.6	1	0	pyrimidine 2',3'-dideoxyribonucleoside	antimetabolite; antiviral drug; HIV-1 reverse transcriptase inhibitor
phosphoric acid, trisodium salt [no description available]	2.01	1	0	sodium phosphate
sodium nitrate sodium nitrate : The inorganic nitrate salt of sodium.	2.13	1	0	inorganic nitrate salt; inorganic sodium salt	fertilizer; NMR chemical shift reference compound
ferric chloride ferric chloride: RN given refers to cpd with MF of Fe-Cl3; used to induce experimental arterial thrombosis to evaluate antithrombotic agents	2.02	1	0	iron coordination entity	astringent; Lewis acid
copper sulfate Copper Sulfate: A sulfate salt of copper. It is a potent emetic and is used as an antidote for poisoning by phosphorus. It also can be used to prevent the growth of algae.. copper(II) sulfate : A metal sulfate compound having copper(2+) as the metal ion.	2	1	0	metal sulfate	emetic; fertilizer; sensitiser
butylated hydroxyanisole [no description available]	2.45	2	0
galactose aldohexose : A hexose with a (potential) aldehyde group at one end.	1.92	1	0
ancitabine Ancitabine: Congener of CYTARABINE that is metabolized to cytarabine and thereby maintains a more constant antineoplastic action.. ancitabine : An organic heterotricyclic compound resulting from the formal condensation of the oxo group of cytidine to the 2' position with loss of water to give the corresponding cyclic ether. A prodrug, it is metabolised to the antineoplastic agent cytarabine, so is used to maintain a more constant antineoplastic action.	2.6	1	0	diol; organic heterotricyclic compound	antimetabolite; antineoplastic agent; prodrug
norsolorinic acid norsolorinic acid: isolated from Aspergillus parasiticus. norsolorinic acid : A polyketide that is anthraquinone bearing four hydroxy substituents at positions 1, 3, 6 and 8 as well as a hexanoyl substituent at position 2.	2.03	1	0	polyketide; tetrahydroxyanthraquinone	fungal metabolite
chloropyramine chloropyramine: RN given refers to parent cpd; structure	2.6	1	0	aminopyridine
carbendazim carbendazim: carcinogen when combined with sodium nitrite; principle metabolite of thiophanate methyl & benomyl; structure. carbendazim : A member of the class of benzimidazoles that is 2-aminobenzimidazole in which the primary amino group is substituted by a methoxycarbonyl group. A fungicide, carbendazim controls Ascomycetes, Fungi Imperfecti, and Basidiomycetes on a wide variety of crops, including bananas, cereals, cotton, fruits, grapes, mushrooms, ornamentals, peanuts, sugarbeet, soybeans, tobacco, and vegetables.	2.41	1	0	benzimidazole fungicide; benzimidazoles; benzimidazolylcarbamate fungicide; carbamate ester	antifungal agrochemical; antinematodal drug; metabolite; microtubule-destabilising agent
ethionine L-ethionine : An S-ethylhomocysteine that has S-configuration at the chiral centre.	1.95	1	0	S-ethylhomocysteine	antimetabolite; carcinogenic agent
diacerein diacerein: chelates with bivalent metals; a quinone which possesses redox properties; metabolized to active rhein; proposed mechanisms include inhibiting IL1 and metalloproteinases; called a slow acting symptomatic drug in osteoarthritis; no effect of cyclooxygenase;	2.11	1	0	anthraquinone
selegiline Selegiline: A selective, irreversible inhibitor of Type B monoamine oxidase that is used for the treatment of newly diagnosed patients with PARKINSON DISEASE, and for the treatment of depressive disorders. The compound without isomeric designation is Deprenyl.	3.27	1	0	selegiline; terminal acetylenic compound	geroprotector
levamisole Levamisole: An antihelminthic drug that has been tried experimentally in rheumatic disorders where it apparently restores the immune response by increasing macrophage chemotaxis and T-lymphocyte function. Paradoxically, this immune enhancement appears to be beneficial in rheumatoid arthritis where dermatitis, leukopenia, and thrombocytopenia, and nausea and vomiting have been reported as side effects. (From Smith and Reynard, Textbook of Pharmacology, 1991, p435-6). levamisole : A 6-phenyl-2,3,5,6-tetrahydroimidazo[2,1-b][1,3]thiazole that has S configuration. It is used (generally as the monohydrochloride salt) to treat parasitic worm infections in pigs, sheep and cattle and was formerly used in humans as an adjuvant to chemotherapy for the treatment of various cancers. It is also widely used as an adulterant to coccaine.	2.6	1	0	6-phenyl-2,3,5,6-tetrahydroimidazo[2,1-b][1,3]thiazole	antinematodal drug; antirheumatic drug; EC 3.1.3.1 (alkaline phosphatase) inhibitor; immunological adjuvant; immunomodulator
n'-nitrosonornicotine N'-nitrosonornicotine: structure; a potent carcinogen in laboratory animals	2.6	1	0	pyridines; pyrrolidines
tetradecanoylphorbol acetate Tetradecanoylphorbol Acetate: A phorbol ester found in CROTON OIL with very effective tumor promoting activity. It stimulates the synthesis of both DNA and RNA.. phorbol ester : Esters of phorbol, originally found in croton oil (from Croton tiglium, of the family Euphorbiaceae). A number of phorbol esters possess activity as tumour promoters and activate the mechanisms associated with cell growth. Some of these are used in experiments as activators of protein kinase C.. phorbol 13-acetate 12-myristate : A phorbol ester that is phorbol in which the hydroxy groups at the cyclopropane ring juction (position 13) and the adjacent carbon (position 12) have been converted into the corresponding acetate and myristate esters. It is a major active constituent of the seed oil of Croton tiglium. It has been used as a tumour promoting agent for skin carcinogenesis in rodents and is associated with increased cell proliferation of malignant cells. However its function is controversial since a decrease in cell proliferation has also been observed in several cancer cell types.	2.05	1	0	acetate ester; diester; phorbol ester; tertiary alpha-hydroxy ketone; tetradecanoate ester	antineoplastic agent; apoptosis inducer; carcinogenic agent; mitogen; plant metabolite; protein kinase C agonist; reactive oxygen species generator
2,3-dihydroxypyridine 2,3-dihydroxypyridine: affects thyroid function. pyridine-2,3-diol : A dihydroxypyridine in which the two hydroxy groups are located at positions 2 and 3.	2.06	1	0	dihydroxypyridine
1-deoxynojirimycin 1-deoxy-nojirimycin: structure in first source. duvoglustat : An optically active form of 2-(hydroxymethyl)piperidine-3,4,5-triol having 2R,3R,4R,5S-configuration.	2.25	1	0	2-(hydroxymethyl)piperidine-3,4,5-triol; piperidine alkaloid	anti-HIV agent; anti-obesity agent; bacterial metabolite; EC 3.2.1.20 (alpha-glucosidase) inhibitor; hepatoprotective agent; hypoglycemic agent; plant metabolite
iodine [no description available]	7	1	0	halide anion; monoatomic iodine	human metabolite
daunorubicin Daunorubicin: A very toxic anthracycline aminoglycoside antineoplastic isolated from Streptomyces peucetius and others, used in treatment of LEUKEMIA and other NEOPLASMS.. anthracycline : Anthracyclines are polyketides that have a tetrahydronaphthacenedione ring structure attached by a glycosidic linkage to the amino sugar daunosamine.. daunorubicin : A natural product found in Actinomadura roseola.	2.6	1	0	aminoglycoside antibiotic; anthracycline; p-quinones; tetracenequinones	antineoplastic agent; bacterial metabolite
zingerone zingerone: pungent principle of ginger; structure. zingerone : A methyl ketone that is 4-phenylbutan-2-one in which the phenyl ring is substituted at positions 3 and 4 by methoxy and hydroxy groups respectively. The major pungent component in ginger.	2.41	2	0	methyl ketone; monomethoxybenzene; phenols	anti-inflammatory agent; antiemetic; antioxidant; flavouring agent; fragrance; plant metabolite; radiation protective agent
phenyl acetate phenyl acetate: The ester formed between phenol and acetic acid. Don't confuse with phenylacetic acid derivatives listed under PHENYLACETATES.. phenyl acetate : An acetate ester obtained by the formal condensation of phenol with acetic acid.	2.37	2	0	benzenes; phenyl acetates
acetylacetone acetylacetone : A beta-diketone that is pentane in which the hydrogens at positions 2 and 4 are replaced by oxo groups.	2.06	1	0	beta-diketone
thymolphthalein Thymolphthalein: Used as a pH indicator and as a reagent for blood after decolorizing the alkaline solution by boiling with zinc dust.	2.01	1	0	terpene lactone
butylated hydroxytoluene 2,6-di-tert-butyl-4-methylphenol : A member of the class of phenols that is 4-methylphenol substituted by tert-butyl groups at positions 2 and 6.	4.11	4	0	phenols	antioxidant; ferroptosis inhibitor; food additive; geroprotector
silybin silibinin : A flavonolignan isolated from milk thistle, Silybum marianum, that has been shown to exhibit antioxidant and antineoplastic activities.	2.05	1	0	aromatic ether; benzodioxine; flavonolignan; polyphenol; secondary alpha-hydroxy ketone	antineoplastic agent; antioxidant; hepatoprotective agent; plant metabolite
alkenes [no description available]	3.54	2	0
glutamic acid Glutamic Acid: A non-essential amino acid naturally occurring in the L-form. Glutamic acid is the most common excitatory neurotransmitter in the CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM.. glutamic acid : An alpha-amino acid that is glutaric acid bearing a single amino substituent at position 2.	2.01	1	0	glutamic acid; glutamine family amino acid; L-alpha-amino acid; proteinogenic amino acid	Escherichia coli metabolite; ferroptosis inducer; micronutrient; mouse metabolite; neurotransmitter; nutraceutical
sodium azide Sodium Azide: A cytochrome oxidase inhibitor which is a nitridizing agent and an inhibitor of terminal oxidation. (From Merck Index, 12th ed). sodium azide : The sodium salt of hydrogen azide (hydrazoic acid).	2.72	3	0	inorganic sodium salt	antibacterial agent; explosive; mitochondrial respiratory-chain inhibitor; mutagen
azides Azides: Organic or inorganic compounds that contain the -N3 group.. azide : Any nitrogen molecular entity containing the group -N3.	1.98	1	0	pseudohalide anion	mitochondrial respiratory-chain inhibitor
amoxicillin Amoxicillin: A broad-spectrum semisynthetic antibiotic similar to AMPICILLIN except that its resistance to gastric acid permits higher serum levels with oral administration.. amoxicillin : A penicillin in which the substituent at position 6 of the penam ring is a 2-amino-2-(4-hydroxyphenyl)acetamido group.	2.13	1	0	penicillin allergen; penicillin	antibacterial drug
oxovanadium iv oxovanadium IV: forms complexes with simple sugars	2.21	1	0	vanadium oxide
zidovudine Zidovudine: A dideoxynucleoside compound in which the 3'-hydroxy group on the sugar moiety has been replaced by an azido group. This modification prevents the formation of phosphodiester linkages which are needed for the completion of nucleic acid chains. The compound is a potent inhibitor of HIV replication, acting as a chain-terminator of viral DNA during reverse transcription. It improves immunologic function, partially reverses the HIV-induced neurological dysfunction, and improves certain other clinical abnormalities associated with AIDS. Its principal toxic effect is dose-dependent suppression of bone marrow, resulting in anemia and leukopenia.. zidovudine : A pyrimidine 2',3'-dideoxyribonucleoside compound having a 3'-azido substituent and thymine as the nucleobase.	2.6	1	0	azide; pyrimidine 2',3'-dideoxyribonucleoside	antimetabolite; antiviral drug; HIV-1 reverse transcriptase inhibitor
paclitaxel Taxus: Genus of coniferous yew trees or shrubs, several species of which have medicinal uses. Notable is the Pacific yew, Taxus brevifolia, which is used to make the anti-neoplastic drug taxol (PACLITAXEL).	2.13	1	0	taxane diterpenoid; tetracyclic diterpenoid	antineoplastic agent; human metabolite; metabolite; microtubule-stabilising agent
ribavirin Rebetron: Rebetron is tradename	2.6	1	0	1-ribosyltriazole; aromatic amide; monocarboxylic acid amide; primary carboxamide	anticoronaviral agent; antiinfective agent; antimetabolite; antiviral agent; EC 2.7.7.49 (RNA-directed DNA polymerase) inhibitor
amikacin Amikacin: A broad-spectrum antibiotic derived from KANAMYCIN. It is reno- and oto-toxic like the other aminoglycoside antibiotics.. amikacin : An amino cyclitol glycoside that is kanamycin A acylated at the N-1 position by a 4-amino-2-hydroxybutyryl group.	2.25	1	0	alpha-D-glucoside; amino cyclitol glycoside; aminoglycoside; carboxamide	antibacterial drug; antimicrobial agent; nephrotoxin
methyldopa Methyldopa: An alpha-2 adrenergic agonist that has both central and peripheral nervous system effects. Its primary clinical use is as an antihypertensive agent.. alpha-methyl-L-dopa : A derivative of L-tyrosine having a methyl group at the alpha-position and an additional hydroxy group at the 3-position on the phenyl ring.	2.17	1	0	L-tyrosine derivative; non-proteinogenic L-alpha-amino acid	alpha-adrenergic agonist; antihypertensive agent; hapten; peripheral nervous system drug; sympatholytic agent
pyridoxal phosphate [no description available]	2.6	1	0	pyridinecarbaldehyde
ng-nitroarginine methyl ester NG-Nitroarginine Methyl Ester: A non-selective inhibitor of nitric oxide synthase. It has been used experimentally to induce hypertension.	2.05	1	0	alpha-amino acid ester; L-arginine derivative; methyl ester; N-nitro compound	EC 1.14.13.39 (nitric oxide synthase) inhibitor
6-hydroxy-2,5,7,8-tetramethylchroman-2-carboxylic acid [no description available]	4.44	6	0	chromanol; monocarboxylic acid; phenols	antioxidant; ferroptosis inhibitor; neuroprotective agent; radical scavenger; Wnt signalling inhibitor
diisopropanolnitrosamine diisopropanolnitrosamine: experimental carcinogen. N,N-bis(2-hydroxypropyl)nitrosamine : A nitrosamine that is dipropylamine in which the hydrogen attached to the nitrogen has been replaced by a nitroso group. It is a genotoxic carcinogen, targeting the lung, liver, thyroid, and kidney.	2.69	3	0	diol; nitrosamine; secondary alcohol	carcinogenic agent
nitazoxanide nitazoxanide: a 5-nitrothiazolyl derivative used for a broad range of intestinal parasitic infections including CRYPTOSPORIDIUM and GIARDIA; it is a redox-active nitrothiazolyl-salicylamide prodrug	2.6	1	0	benzamides; carboxylic ester
acarbose [no description available]	4.04	3	0	tetrasaccharide derivative	EC 3.2.1.1 (alpha-amylase) inhibitor; EC 3.2.1.20 (alpha-glucosidase) inhibitor; geroprotector; hypoglycemic agent
captopril Captopril: A potent and specific inhibitor of PEPTIDYL-DIPEPTIDASE A. It blocks the conversion of ANGIOTENSIN I to ANGIOTENSIN II, a vasoconstrictor and important regulator of arterial blood pressure. Captopril acts to suppress the RENIN-ANGIOTENSIN SYSTEM and inhibits pressure responses to exogenous angiotensin.. captopril : A L-proline derivative in which L-proline is substituted on nitrogen with a (2S)-2-methyl-3-sulfanylpropanoyl group. It is used as an anti-hypertensive ACE inhibitor drug.	2.6	1	0	alkanethiol; L-proline derivative; N-acylpyrrolidine; pyrrolidinemonocarboxylic acid	antihypertensive agent; EC 3.4.15.1 (peptidyl-dipeptidase A) inhibitor
oltipraz oltipraz : A 1,2-dithiole that is 3H-1,2-dithiole-3-thione substituted at positions 4 and 5 by methyl and pyrazin-2-yl groups respectively.	2.6	1	0	1,2-dithiole; pyrazines	angiogenesis modulating agent; antimutagen; antineoplastic agent; antioxidant; EC 3.1.3.48 (protein-tyrosine-phosphatase) inhibitor; neurotoxin; protective agent; schistosomicide drug
colforsin Colforsin: Potent activator of the adenylate cyclase system and the biosynthesis of cyclic AMP. From the plant COLEUS FORSKOHLII. Has antihypertensive, positive inotropic, platelet aggregation inhibitory, and smooth muscle relaxant activities; also lowers intraocular pressure and promotes release of hormones from the pituitary gland.	2.05	1	0	acetate ester; cyclic ketone; labdane diterpenoid; organic heterotricyclic compound; tertiary alpha-hydroxy ketone; triol	adenylate cyclase agonist; anti-HIV agent; antihypertensive agent; plant metabolite; platelet aggregation inhibitor; protein kinase A agonist
fiacitabine fiacitabine: anti-herpes virus agent which also inhibits growth of certain human tumor cell lines in vitro.	2.6	1	0
avobenzone [no description available]	7.15	1	0	dihydrochalcones
ranolazine Ranolazine: An acetanilide and piperazine derivative that functions as a SODIUM CHANNEL BLOCKER and prevents the release of enzymes during MYOCARDIAL ISCHEMIA. It is used in the treatment of ANGINA PECTORIS.. N-(2,6-dimethylphenyl)-2-{4-[2-hydroxy-3-(2-methoxyphenoxy)propyl]piperazin-1-yl}acetamide : An aromatic amide obtained by formal condensation of the carboxy group of 2-{4-[2-hydroxy-3-(2-methoxyphenoxy)propyl]piperazin-1-yl}acetic acid with the amino group of 2,6-dimethylaniline.. ranolazine : A racemate comprising equal amounts of (R)- and (S)-ranolazine. Used for treatment of chronic angina.	2.6	1	0	aromatic amide; monocarboxylic acid amide; monomethoxybenzene; N-alkylpiperazine; secondary alcohol
brequinar brequinar : A quinolinemonocarboxylic acid that is quinoline substituted by 2'-fluoro[1,1'-biphenyl]-4-yl, methyl, carboxy and fluoro groups at positions 2, 3, 4, and 6, respectively. It is an inhibitor of dihydroorotate dehydrogenase, an enzyme that is required for de novo pyrimidine biosynthesis. The compound exhibits antineoplastic and antiviral properties.	2.6	1	0	biphenyls; monocarboxylic acid; monofluorobenzenes; quinolinemonocarboxylic acid	anticoronaviral agent; antimetabolite; antineoplastic agent; antiviral agent; EC 1.3.5.2 [dihydroorotate dehydrogenase (quinone)] inhibitor; immunosuppressive agent; pyrimidine synthesis inhibitor
imiquimod Imiquimod: A topically-applied aminoquinoline immune modulator that induces interferon production. It is used in the treatment of external genital and perianal warts, superficial CARCINOMA, BASAL CELL; and ACTINIC KERATOSIS.. imiquimod : An imidazoquinoline fused [4,5-c] carrying isobutyl and amino substituents at N-1 and C-4 respectively. A prescription medication, it acts as an immune response modifier and is used to treat genital warts, superficial basal cell carcinoma, and actinic keratosis.	2.6	1	0	imidazoquinoline	antineoplastic agent; interferon inducer
adefovir adefovir: inhibitor of African swine fever virus. adefovir(1-) : A organophosphonate oxoanion obtained by removal of a proton from the phosphonate group of adefovir, a nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor. It is the major microspecies at pH 7.3 (according to Marvin v 6.2.0.).. adefovir : A member of the class of phosphonic acids that is methylphosphonic acid in which one of the methyl hydrogens has been replaced by a 2-(6-amino-9H-purin-9-yl)ethoxy group. An inhibitor of HIV-1 reverse transcriptase, the bis(t-butoxycarbonyloxymethyl) ester (dipivoxil ester) prodrug is used to treat chronic hepatitis B viral infection.	2.6	1	0	6-aminopurines; ether; phosphonic acids	antiviral drug; DNA synthesis inhibitor; drug metabolite; HIV-1 reverse transcriptase inhibitor; nephrotoxic agent
cidofovir anhydrous Cidofovir: An acyclic nucleoside phosphonate that acts as a competitive inhibitor of viral DNA polymerases. It is used in the treatment of RETINITIS caused by CYTOMEGALOVIRUS INFECTIONS and may also be useful for treating HERPESVIRUS INFECTIONS.. cidofovir anhydrous : Cytosine substituted at the 1 position by a 3-hydroxy-2-(phosphonomethoxy)propyl group (S configuration). A nucleoside analogue, it is an injectable antiviral used for the treatment of cytomegalovirus (CMV) retinitis in AIDS patients.	2.6	1	0	phosphonic acids; pyrimidone	anti-HIV agent; antineoplastic agent; antiviral drug; photosensitizing agent
celgosivir celgosivir: inhibits glycoprotein processing & the growth of HIVs	2.6	1	0
gemcitabine gemcitabine : A 2'-deoxycytidine having geminal fluoro substituents in the 2'-position. An inhibitor of ribonucleotide reductase, gemcitabine is used in the treatment of various carcinomas, particularly non-small cell lung cancer, pancreatic cancer, bladder cancer and breast cancer.	2.6	1	0	organofluorine compound; pyrimidine 2'-deoxyribonucleoside	antimetabolite; antineoplastic agent; antiviral drug; DNA synthesis inhibitor; EC 1.17.4.1 (ribonucleoside-diphosphate reductase) inhibitor; environmental contaminant; immunosuppressive agent; photosensitizing agent; prodrug; radiosensitizing agent; xenobiotic
lamivudine [no description available]	2.6	1	0	monothioacetal; nucleoside analogue; oxacycle; primary alcohol	allergen; anti-HBV agent; antiviral drug; EC 2.7.7.49 (RNA-directed DNA polymerase) inhibitor; HIV-1 reverse transcriptase inhibitor; prodrug
valsartan Valsartan: A tetrazole derivative and ANGIOTENSIN II TYPE 1 RECEPTOR BLOCKER that is used to treat HYPERTENSION.. valsartan : A monocarboxylic acid amide consisting of L-valine in which the amino hydrogens have been replaced by a pentanoyl and a [2'-(1H-tetrazol-5-yl)biphenyl]-4-yl]methyl group. It exhibits antihypertensive activity.	2.6	1	0	biphenylyltetrazole; monocarboxylic acid amide; monocarboxylic acid	angiotensin receptor antagonist; antihypertensive agent; environmental contaminant; xenobiotic
zanamivir Zanamivir: A guanido-neuraminic acid that is used to inhibit NEURAMINIDASE.	2.6	1	0	guanidines	antiviral agent; EC 3.2.1.18 (exo-alpha-sialidase) inhibitor
adefovir dipivoxil bis(pivaloyloxymethyl)-9-(2-phosphonylmethoxyethyl)adenine: structure given in first source. adefovir pivoxil : An organic phosphonate that is the dipivoxil ester of adefovir. A prodrug for adefovir, an HIV-1 reverse transcriptase inhibitor, adefovir pivoxil is used to treat chronic hepatitis B viral infection.	2.6	1	0	6-aminopurines; carbonate ester; ether; organic phosphonate	antiviral drug; DNA synthesis inhibitor; HIV-1 reverse transcriptase inhibitor; nephrotoxic agent; prodrug
emtricitabine Emtricitabine: A deoxycytidine analog and REVERSE TRANSCRIPTASE INHIBITOR with antiviral activity against HIV-1 and HEPATITIS B viruses. It is used to treat HIV INFECTIONS.. emtricitabine : An organofluorine compound that is 5-fluorocytosine substituted at the 1 position by a 2-(hydroxymethyl)-1,3-oxathiolan-5-yl group (2R,5S configuration). It is used in combination therapy for the treatment of HIV-1 infection.	2.6	1	0	monothioacetal; nucleoside analogue; organofluorine compound; pyrimidone	antiviral drug; HIV-1 reverse transcriptase inhibitor
octyl gallate [no description available]	2.6	1	0	gallate ester	food antioxidant; hypoglycemic agent; plant metabolite
vanadates Vanadates: Oxyvanadium ions in various states of oxidation. They act primarily as ion transport inhibitors due to their inhibition of Na(+)-, K(+)-, and Ca(+)-ATPase transport systems. They also have insulin-like action, positive inotropic action on cardiac ventricular muscle, and other metabolic effects.. vanadate(3-) : A vanadium oxoanion that is a trianion with formula VO4 in which the vanadium is in the +5 oxidation state and is attached to four oxygen atoms.	2.52	2	0	trivalent inorganic anion; vanadium oxoanion	EC 3.1.3.1 (alkaline phosphatase) inhibitor; EC 3.1.3.16 (phosphoprotein phosphatase) inhibitor; EC 3.1.3.41 (4-nitrophenylphosphatase) inhibitor; EC 3.1.3.48 (protein-tyrosine-phosphatase) inhibitor
trifluoromethanesulfonic acid trifluoromethanesulfonic acid: deblocking reagent for peptide synthesis; RN given refers to parent cpd. triflic acid : A one-carbon compound that is methanesulfonic acid in which the hydrogens attached to the methyl carbon have been replaced by fluorines.	2.08	1	0	one-carbon compound; perfluoroalkanesulfonic acid
efavirenz efavirenz: HIV-1 reverse transcriptase inhibitor. efavirenz : 1,4-Dihydro-2H-3,1-benzoxazin-2-one substituted at the 4 position by cyclopropylethynyl and trifluoromethyl groups (S configuration) and at the 6 position by chlorine. A non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor with activity against HIV, it is used with other antiretrovirals for combination therapy of HIV infection.	2.6	1	0	acetylenic compound; benzoxazine; cyclopropanes; organochlorine compound; organofluorine compound	antiviral drug; HIV-1 reverse transcriptase inhibitor
nelfinavir Nelfinavir: A potent HIV protease inhibitor. It is used in combination with other antiviral drugs in the treatment of HIV in both adults and children.. nelfinavir : An aryl sulfide that is used (as its mesylate salt) for treatment of HIV and also exhibits some anticancer properties.	2.6	1	0	aryl sulfide; benzamides; organic heterobicyclic compound; phenols; secondary alcohol; tertiary amino compound	antineoplastic agent; HIV protease inhibitor
glucose, (beta-d)-isomer beta-D-glucose : D-Glucopyranose with beta configuration at the anomeric centre.. (1->4)-beta-D-glucan : A beta-D-glucan in which the glucose units are connected by (1->4) linkages.. (1->3)-beta-D-glucan : A beta-D-glucan in which the glucose units are connected by (1->3) linkages.	2.47	2	0	D-glucopyranose	epitope; mouse metabolite
thiazolyl blue thiazolyl blue: RN & II refers to bromide. 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide : The bromide salt of 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium.	2.05	1	0	organic bromide salt	colorimetric reagent; dye
betulinic acid [no description available]	2.6	1	0	hydroxy monocarboxylic acid; pentacyclic triterpenoid	anti-HIV agent; anti-inflammatory agent; antimalarial; antineoplastic agent; EC 5.99.1.3 [DNA topoisomerase (ATP-hydrolysing)] inhibitor; plant metabolite
arctigenin arctigenin: precursor to catechols; in many plants	2.6	1	0	lignan
baicalin [no description available]	2.6	1	0	dihydroxyflavone; glucosiduronic acid; glycosyloxyflavone; monosaccharide derivative	antiatherosclerotic agent; antibacterial agent; anticoronaviral agent; antineoplastic agent; antioxidant; cardioprotective agent; EC 2.7.7.48 (RNA-directed RNA polymerase) inhibitor; EC 3.4.21.26 (prolyl oligopeptidase) inhibitor; ferroptosis inhibitor; neuroprotective agent; non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug; plant metabolite; prodrug
plerixafor plerixafor: a bicyclam derivate, highly potent & selective inhibitor of HIV-1 & HIV-2. plerixafor : An azamacrocycle consisting of two cyclam rings connected by a 1,4-phenylenebis(methylene) linker. It is a CXCR4 chemokine receptor antagonist and a hematopoietic stem cell mobilizer. It is used in combination with grulocyte-colony stimulating factor (G-CSF) to mobilize hematopoietic stem cells to the perpheral blood for collection and subsequent autologous transplantation in patients with non-Hodgkin's lymphoma and multiple myeloma.	2.6	1	0	azacycloalkane; azamacrocycle; benzenes; crown amine; secondary amino compound; tertiary amino compound	anti-HIV agent; antineoplastic agent; C-X-C chemokine receptor type 4 antagonist; immunological adjuvant
amprenavir [no description available]	2.6	1	0	carbamate ester; sulfonamide; tetrahydrofuryl ester	antiviral drug; HIV protease inhibitor
oseltamivir Oseltamivir: An acetamido cyclohexene that is a structural homolog of SIALIC ACID and inhibits NEURAMINIDASE.. oseltamivir : A cyclohexenecarboxylate ester that is the ethyl ester of oseltamivir acid. An antiviral prodrug (it is hydrolysed to the active free carboxylic acid in the liver), it is used to slow the spread of influenza.	2.6	1	0	acetamides; amino acid ester; cyclohexenecarboxylate ester; primary amino compound	antiviral drug; EC 3.2.1.18 (exo-alpha-sialidase) inhibitor; environmental contaminant; prodrug; xenobiotic
epigallocatechin gallate epigallocatechin gallate: a steroid 5alpha-reductase inhibitor and antimutagen in green tea (Camellia sinensis). (-)-epigallocatechin 3-gallate : A gallate ester obtained by the formal condensation of gallic acid with the (3R)-hydroxy group of (-)-epigallocatechin.	2.82	2	0	flavans; gallate ester; polyphenol	antineoplastic agent; antioxidant; apoptosis inducer; geroprotector; Hsp90 inhibitor; neuroprotective agent; plant metabolite
gallocatechol gallocatechol: structure give in first source; RN given for (trans-(+-))-omer; inhibits DNA-dependent DNA & RNA polymerases. (+)-gallocatechin : A gallocatechin that has (2R,3S)-configuration. It is found in green tea and bananas.. gallocatechin : A catechin that is a flavan substituted by hydroxy groups at positions 3, 3', 4', 5, 5' and 7 (the trans isomer). It is isolated from Acacia mearnsii.	2.13	1	0	gallocatechin	antioxidant; metabolite; radical scavenger
neocuproine neocuproine: Spectrophotometric determination of copper and ultramicro blood sugar determinations; structure; RN given refers to parent cpd. neocuproine : A member of the class of phenanthrolines that is 1,10-phenanthroline bearing two methyl substituents at positions 2 and 9.	1.98	1	0	phenanthrolines	chelator; copper chelator
1,2,3,4,6-pentakis-O-galloyl-beta-D-glucose pentagalloylglucose: pentahydroxy gallic acid ester of glucose; a phytogenic antineoplastic agent and antibacterial agent. 1,2,3,4,6-pentakis-O-galloyl-beta-D-glucose : A galloyl-beta-D-glucose compound having five galloyl groups in the 1-, 2-, 3-, 4- and 6-positions.	2.6	1	0	gallate ester; galloyl beta-D-glucose	anti-inflammatory agent; antineoplastic agent; geroprotector; hepatoprotective agent; plant metabolite; radiation protective agent; radical scavenger
cephalotaxine [no description available]	2.6	1	0	benzazepine alkaloid fundamental parent; benzazepine alkaloid; cyclic acetal; enol ether; organic heteropentacyclic compound; secondary alcohol; tertiary amino compound
surfactin peptide surfactin peptide: antineoplastic product isolated from Bacillus sp.	2.17	1	0
desipramine hydrochloride desipramine hydrochloride : The hydrochloride salt of desipramine.	2.6	1	0	hydrochloride	drug allergen
mefloquine hydrochloride [no description available]	2.6	1	0	hydrochloride
dopamine hydrochloride P 498: structure in first source; do not confuse with dopamine chloride, also known as P 498	2.04	1	0	catecholamine
glutathione disulfide Glutathione Disulfide: A GLUTATHIONE dimer formed by a disulfide bond between the cysteine sulfhydryl side chains during the course of being oxidized.	2.03	1	0	glutathione derivative; organic disulfide	Escherichia coli metabolite; mouse metabolite
hypusine hypusine: N-terminal amino alcohol deriv of Lys occurring in bovine brain & in the urine of children with familial hyperlysinemia; minor descriptor (75-82); online & Index Medicus search LYSINE/AA (75-82). hypusine : An L-lysine derivative that is L-lysine bearing a (2R)-4-amino-2-hydroxybutyl substituent at position N(6).	1.98	1	0
thymol blue thymol blue: RN given refers to parent cpd	2.01	1	0
aloxistatin aloxistatin: a membrane-permeable cysteine protease inhibitor. aloxistatin : An L-leucine derivative that is the amide obtained by formal condensation of the carboxy group of (2S,3S)-3-(ethoxycarbonyl)oxirane-2-carboxylic acid with the amino group of N-(3-methylbutyl)-L-leucinamide.	2.6	1	0	epoxide; ethyl ester; L-leucine derivative; monocarboxylic acid amide	anticoronaviral agent; cathepsin B inhibitor
propazole propazole: RN given refers to parent cpd; structure	2.6	1	0	benzimidazoles
prulifloxacin prulifloxacin: structure given in first source	2.6	1	0	fluoroquinolone antibiotic; quinolone antibiotic
telmisartan Telmisartan: A biphenyl compound and benzimidazole derivative that acts as an angiotensin II type 1 receptor antagonist. It is used in the management of HYPERTENSION.. telmisartan : A member of the class of benzimidazoles used widely in the treatment of hypertension.	2.6	1	0	benzimidazoles; biphenyls; carboxybiphenyl	angiotensin receptor antagonist; antihypertensive agent; EC 3.4.15.1 (peptidyl-dipeptidase A) inhibitor; environmental contaminant; xenobiotic
bergenin bergenin: RN refers to (2R-(2alpha,3beta,4alpha,4aalpha,10bbeta))-isomer; structure	2.58	2	0	trihydroxybenzoic acid	metabolite
salicylhydroxamic acid [no description available]	1.98	1	0	hydroxamic acid; phenols	antibacterial drug; EC 1.11.2.2 (myeloperoxidase) inhibitor; EC 3.5.1.5 (urease) inhibitor; trypanocidal drug
acetamidine acetamidine: bovine trypsin inhibitor; RN given refers to parent cpd; structure	2.06	1	0	carboxamidine
viridicatin viridicatin: structure. viridicatin : A hydroxyquinolone that is 3-hydroxyuinolin-2(1H)-one which is substituted at position 4 by a phenyl groups. Isolated from the mycelium of several Penicillium species, it exhibits strong antibiotic activity against M. tuberculosis and also against B. subtilis, S. aureus and S. cerevisiae.	2.25	1	0	hydroxyquinoline	antibacterial agent; Aspergillus metabolite; marine metabolite; Penicillium metabolite
1,7-phenanthroline [no description available]	2.39	2	0	phenanthroline
triazoles Triazoles: Heterocyclic compounds containing a five-membered ring with two carbon atoms and three nitrogen atoms with the molecular formula C2H3N3.. triazoles : An azole in which the five-membered heterocyclic aromatic skeleton contains three N atoms and two C atoms.	3.48	6	0	1,2,3-triazole
1,2,4-triazine [no description available]	7.6	1	0	1,2,4-triazines; triazine
5-fluorosalicylic acid 5-fluorosalicylic acid: structure given in first source; product from action of alkaline phosphatase on 5-fluorosalicyl phosphate; forms highly fluorescent terbium ternary complex	2.06	1	0
pinocembrin pinocembrin : A dihydroxyflavanone in which the two hydroxy groups are located at positions 5 and 7. A natural product found in Piper sarmentosum and Cryptocarya chartacea.	2.25	1	0	(2S)-flavan-4-one; dihydroxyflavanone	antineoplastic agent; antioxidant; metabolite; neuroprotective agent; vasodilator agent
pyromeconic acid pyromeconic acid: from herb Dengzhanhua; structure	2.49	2	0
comenic acid comenic acid: an ingredient of Baliz-2 that may have antibacterial and antioxidant activities	1.98	1	0
sesamol sesamol: constituent of sesame oil; RN given refers to parent cpd; structure in first source	7.55	2	0	benzodioxoles
2-hydroxypyrimidine pyrimidone : A pyrimidine carrying one or more oxo substituents.. pyrimidin-2-ol : The hydroxypyrimidine that is pyrimidine mono-substituted at C-2 by a hydroxy group.	2.06	1	0	hydroxypyrimidine	electron donor; Lewis base
zoledronic acid Zoledronic Acid: An imidobisphosphonate inhibitor of BONE RESORPTION that is used for the treatment of malignancy-related HYPERCALCEMIA; OSTEITIS DEFORMANS; and OSTEOPOROSIS.. zoledronic acid : An imidazole compound having a 2,2-bis(phosphono)-2-hydroxyethane-1-yl substituent at the 1-position.	3.92	2	0	1,1-bis(phosphonic acid); imidazoles	bone density conservation agent
artemisinin (+)-artemisinin : A sesquiterpene lactone obtained from sweet wormwood, Artemisia annua, which is used as an antimalarial for the treatment of multi-drug resistant strains of falciparum malaria.	2.6	1	0	organic peroxide; sesquiterpene lactone	antimalarial; plant metabolite
brinzolamide brinzolamide: an antiglaucoma agent	2.6	1	0	sulfonamide; thienothiazine	antiglaucoma drug; EC 4.2.1.1 (carbonic anhydrase) inhibitor
allomaltol allomaltol: structure in first source	2.77	3	0
2,6-dihydroxyacetophenone 2,6-dihydroxyacetophenone: inhibits aminopyrine-N-demethylase in rat liver microsomal preparations	2.13	1	0	aromatic ketone
1-hydroxy-2(1h)-pyridinone 1-hydroxy-2(1H)-pyridinone: structure in first source	4.66	4	0
2-Methoxyxanthone [no description available]	2.31	1	0	xanthones
dipropylacetamide dipropylacetamide: structure. valpromide : A fatty amide derived from valproic acid.	2.6	1	0	fatty amide	geroprotector; metabolite; teratogenic agent
oxprenolol hydrochloride [no description available]	2.6	1	0
masoprocol Masoprocol: A potent lipoxygenase inhibitor that interferes with arachidonic acid metabolism. The compound also inhibits formyltetrahydrofolate synthetase, carboxylesterase, and cyclooxygenase to a lesser extent. It also serves as an antioxidant in fats and oils.. masoprocol : The meso-form of nordihydroguaiaretic acid. An antioxidant found in the creosote bush, Larrea divaricata, it is a potent lipoxygenase inhibitor that interferes with arachidonic acid metabolism. It also inhibits (though to a lesser extent) formyltetrahydrofolate synthetase, carboxylesterase, and cyclooxygenase.	2.02	1	0	nordihydroguaiaretic acid	antineoplastic agent; hypoglycemic agent; lipoxygenase inhibitor; metabolite
chelocardin chelocardin: RN given refers to (4R-(4alpha,4abeta,12abeta))-isomer	2.08	1	0
opipramol hydrochloride [no description available]	2.6	1	0
moroxydine [no description available]	2.6	1	0	biguanides
thioxolone tioxolone : A 1,3-benzoxathiole having a hydroxy substituent at the 6-position.	2.6	1	0	benzoxathiole	antiseborrheic
avarol avarol: RN given refers to parent cpd; extract from Dysidea avara(sea sponge)	2.25	1	0
avarone avarone: antileukemic agent; isolated from Dysidea avara	2.25	1	0
epicatechin (-)-epicatechin : A catechin with (2R,3R)-configuration.	2.13	1	0	catechin; polyphenol	antioxidant
gallocatechol (-)-epigallocatechin : A flavan-3,3',4',5,5',7-hexol having (2R,3R)-configuration.	2.13	1	0	catechin; flavan-3,3',4',5,5',7-hexol	antioxidant; food component; plant metabolite
6-hydroxyflavone 6-hydroxyflavone: antioxidant; structure in first source	2.21	1	0	hydroxyflavonoid
hesperetin [no description available]	2.06	1	0	3'-hydroxyflavanones; 4'-methoxyflavanones; monomethoxyflavanone; trihydroxyflavanone	antineoplastic agent; antioxidant; plant metabolite
honokiol [no description available]	2.6	1	0	biphenyls
nobiletin nobiletin : A methoxyflavone that is flavone substituted by methoxy groups at positions 5, 6, 7, 8, 3' and 4' respectively.	3.91	3	0	methoxyflavone	antineoplastic agent; plant metabolite
lycorine lycorine: from bulbs of LYCORIS & other plants; RN given refers to (1 alpha,2 beta)-isomer; structure in Merck Index, 9th ed, #5444. lycorine : An indolizidine alkaloid that is 3,12-didehydrogalanthan substituted by hydroxy groups at positions and 2 and a methylenedioxy group across positions 9 and 10. Isolated from Crinum asiaticum, it has been shown to exhibit antimalarial activity.	2.6	1	0	indolizidine alkaloid	anticoronaviral agent; antimalarial; plant metabolite; protein synthesis inhibitor
leupeptin [no description available]	2.6	1	0	aldehyde; tripeptide	bacterial metabolite; calpain inhibitor; cathepsin B inhibitor; EC 3.4.21.4 (trypsin) inhibitor; serine protease inhibitor
indole-2-carboxylic acid [no description available]	2.05	1	0	indolyl carboxylic acid
skyrin skyrin: main pigment of toxin rice fungus Penicillium islandicum; RN given refers to parent cpd; structure	2.25	1	0	biaryl; trihydroxyanthraquinone
tetrandrine tetrandrine: a bisbenzylisoquinoline that exhibits antifibrogenic activity	2.6	1	0	bisbenzylisoquinoline alkaloid; isoquinolines
pinobanksin pinobanksin: a flavonoid from propolis; RN refers to (2R-trans)-isomer. pinobanksin : A trihydroxyflavanone in which the three hydroxy substituents are located at positions 3, 5 and 7.	2.05	1	0	secondary alpha-hydroxy ketone; trihydroxyflavanone	antimutagen; antioxidant; metabolite
calpeptin [no description available]	2.6	1	0	amino acid amide
fangchinoline [no description available]	2.6	1	0	aromatic ether; bisbenzylisoquinoline alkaloid; macrocycle	anti-HIV-1 agent; anti-inflammatory agent; antineoplastic agent; antioxidant; neuroprotective agent; plant metabolite
maslinic acid (2Alpha,3beta)-2,3-dihydroxyolean-12-en-28-oic acid: from Luehea divaricata and Agrimonia eupatoria	2.6	1	0	dihydroxy monocarboxylic acid; pentacyclic triterpenoid	anti-inflammatory agent; antineoplastic agent; antioxidant; plant metabolite
2,2'-dipicolylamine 2,2'-dipicolylamine: structure in first source	2.06	1	0
8-hydroxy-2-quinolinecarboxylic acid [no description available]	2.06	1	0	quinolines
3-chloro-2,4-pentanedione 3-chloro-2,4-pentanedione: structure in first source	2.06	1	0
5-aminopyrazole 5-aminopyrazole: structure in first source	2.08	1	0
atovaquone Atovaquone: A hydroxynaphthoquinone that has antimicrobial activity and is being used in antimalarial protocols.. atovaquone : A naphthoquinone compound having a 4-(4-chlorophenyl)cyclohexyl group at the 2-position and a hydroxy substituent at the 3-position.	2.6	1	0	hydroxy-1,2-naphthoquinone
methyl gentisate methyl gentisate: skin lightening agent; structure in first source	2	1	0	benzoate ester; phenols
rivastigmine [no description available]	3.27	1	0	carbamate ester; tertiary amino compound	cholinergic drug; EC 3.1.1.8 (cholinesterase) inhibitor; neuroprotective agent
4-chlorosalicylic acid [no description available]	2.06	1	0
6-chloronicotinic acid [no description available]	2.06	1	0	aromatic carboxylic acid; pyridines
alpha-thujaplicin alpha-thujaplicin: structure in first source	3.89	3	0
1-methyl-2-ethyl-3-hydroxypyridin-4-one [no description available]	2.06	1	0
cp094 1,2-diethyl-3-hydroxypyridin-4-one: structure given in first source	2.06	1	0
loganin [no description available]	2.6	1	0	beta-D-glucoside; cyclopentapyran; enoate ester; iridoid monoterpenoid; methyl ester; monosaccharide derivative; secondary alcohol	anti-inflammatory agent; EC 3.1.1.7 (acetylcholinesterase) inhibitor; EC 3.2.1.20 (alpha-glucosidase) inhibitor; EC 3.4.23.46 (memapsin 2) inhibitor; neuroprotective agent; plant metabolite
1-methyl-3-hydroxypyridine-2-one [no description available]	2.06	1	0
n-acetyltyrosine, (dl)-isomer N-acetyltyrosine: RN given refers to (L)-isomer. N-acetyltyrosine : An N-acetyl-amino acid that is tyrosine with an amine hydrogen substituted by an acetyl group.	1.99	1	0	N-acetyl-amino acid; phenols; tyrosine derivative	human urinary metabolite
altersolanol a altersolanol A: isolated from fermentation product of fungus Alternaria porri(Ellis) Ciferri;RN given refers to (1R-(1alpha,2beta,3beta,4alpha))-isomer; structure given in first source	2.25	1	0	pentahydroxyanthraquinone
moexipril [no description available]	2.6	1	0	peptide
aucubin [no description available]	2.6	1	0	organic molecular entity	metabolite
equol Equol: A non-steroidal ESTROGEN generated when soybean products are metabolized by certain bacteria in the intestines.	2.25	1	0	hydroxyisoflavans
catalpol [no description available]	2.6	1	0	organic molecular entity	metabolite
2-hydroxypropyl-n-propylnitrosamine [no description available]	2.02	1	0
taraxerol taraxerol: structure. taraxerol : A pentacyclic triterpenoid that is oleanan-3-ol lacking the methyl group at position 14, with an alpha-methyl substituent at position 13 and a double bond between positions 14 and 15.	2.21	1	0	pentacyclic triterpenoid; secondary alcohol	metabolite
lupenone lupenone: structure in first source	2.01	1	0	triterpenoid	metabolite
lekoptin (S)-verapamil : A 2-(3,4-dimethoxyphenyl)-5-{[2-(3,4-dimethoxyphenyl)ethyl](methyl)amino}-2-(propan-2-yl)pentanenitrile that has S configuration.	2.6	1	0	2-(3,4-dimethoxyphenyl)-5-{[2-(3,4-dimethoxyphenyl)ethyl](methyl)amino}-2-(propan-2-yl)pentanenitrile
taraxerone taraxerone: structure	2.21	1	0	scalarane sesterterpenoid	metabolite
perezone perezone: isolated from roots of Pereziae adnata; structure given in Merck Index	3.18	1	0
xanthorrhizol xanthorrhizol: structure in first source	2.25	1	0	sesquiterpenoid
pyrimidine dimers Pyrimidine Dimers: Dimers found in DNA chains damaged by ULTRAVIOLET RAYS. They consist of two adjacent PYRIMIDINE NUCLEOTIDES, usually THYMINE nucleotides, in which the pyrimidine residues are covalently joined by a cyclobutane ring. These dimers block DNA REPLICATION.	2	1	0
1-ethyl-2-methyl-3-hydroxypyridin-4-one [no description available]	2.06	1	0
glucuronic acid Glucuronic Acid: A sugar acid formed by the oxidation of the C-6 carbon of GLUCOSE. In addition to being a key intermediate metabolite of the uronic acid pathway, glucuronic acid also plays a role in the detoxification of certain drugs and toxins by conjugating with them to form GLUCURONIDES.. D-glucuronic acid : The D-enantiomer of glucuronic acid.. D-glucopyranuronic acid : A D-glucuronic acid in cyclic pyranose form.	2.39	2	0	D-glucuronic acid	algal metabolite
4',5,6,7-tetramethoxyflavone 4',5,6,7-tetramethoxyflavone: structure given in first source; from plant Eupatorium odoratum. 4',5,6,7-tetramethoxyflavone : A tetramethoxyflavone that is the tetra-O-methyl derivative of scutellarein.	2.03	1	0	tetramethoxyflavone	antimutagen; plant metabolite
2-(4-hydroxyphenyl)-5,6,7,8-tetrahydroxy-4H-1-benzopyran-4-one 2-(4-hydroxyphenyl)-5,6,7,8-tetrahydroxy-4H-1-benzopyran-4-one : A pentahydroxyflavone that is flavone substituted by hydroxy groups at positions 5, 6, 7, 8, and 4' respectively.	2.03	1	0	pentahydroxyflavone
1,3,4-oxadiazole 1,3,4-oxadiazole: structure in first source	7.6	1	0
2-acetylcyclopentanone 2-acetylcyclopentanone: an enolate-forming compound that is protective against electrophilic drugs; structure in first source	2.06	1	0
aeroplysinin i aeroplysinin I: isolated from sponge Aplysina sp.; RN refers to (1S-trans)-isomer; structure given in second source	2.25	1	0	tertiary alcohol
n-methyladenosine N-methyladenosine: is a inhibitor of cell differentiation. N(6)-methyladenosine : A methyladenosine compound with one methyl group attached to N(6) of the adenine nucleobase.	2.6	1	0	methyladenosine
1,2-distearoylphosphatidylethanolamine 1,2-distearoylphosphatidylethanolamine: RN given refers to cpd without isomeric designation. 1,2-distearoylphosphatidylethanolamine : A phosphatidylethanolamine in which the phosphatidyl acyl group at C-1 and C-2 is stearoyl.	2.13	1	0	phosphatidylethanolamine zwitterion; phosphatidylethanolamine	human metabolite
3,4-dihydroxypyridine 3-hydroxy-4(1H)-pyridone: structure in first source	1.98	1	0	4-pyridones; dihydroxypyridine
sivelestat sivelestat: inhibitor of neutrophil elastase; structure given in first source	2.6	1	0	N-acylglycine; pivalate ester
pyronaridine [no description available]	2.6	1	0	aminoquinoline
geniposide [no description available]	2.6	1	0	terpene glycoside
daidzin daidzin: a potent, selective, and reversible inhibitor of human mitochondrial aldehyde dehydrogenase. daidzein 7-O-beta-D-glucoside : A glycosyloxyisoflavone that is daidzein attached to a beta-D-glucopyranosyl residue at position 7 via a glycosidic linkage. It is used in the treatment of alcohol dependency (antidipsotropic).	2.6	1	0	7-hydroxyisoflavones 7-O-beta-D-glucoside; hydroxyisoflavone; monosaccharide derivative	plant metabolite
deoxyglucose Deoxyglucose: 2-Deoxy-D-arabino-hexose. An antimetabolite of glucose with antiviral activity.. deoxyglucose : A deoxyhexose comprising glucose having at least one hydroxy group replaced by hydrogen.	2.1	1	0
thiacloprid thiacloprid: structure in first source. (Z)-thiacloprid : The (Z)-stereoisomer of thiacloprid.. thiacloprid : A nitrile that is cyanamide in which the hydrogens are replaced by a 1,3-thiazolidin-2-ylidene group which in turn is substituted by a (6-chloropyridin-3-yl)methyl group at the ring nitrogen.	2.06	1	0	monochloropyridine; nitrile; thiazolidines	environmental contaminant; neonicotinoid insectide; xenobiotic
sophocarpine [no description available]	2.6	1	0
2-aminobicyclo(2,2,1)heptane-2-carboxylic acid 2-aminobicyclo(2,2,1)heptane-2-carboxylic acid: amino acid analog; releases insulin; RN given refers to unlabeled cpd without isomeric designation	2.25	1	0	monoterpenoid
marimastat marimastat: a matrix metalloproteinase inhibitor active in patients with advanced carcinoma of the pancreas, prostate, or ovary. marimastat : A secondary carboxamide resulting from the foraml condensation of the carboxy group of (2R)-2-[(1S)-1-hydroxy-2-(hydroxyamino)-2-oxoethyl]-4-methylpentanoic acid with the alpha-amino group of N,3-dimethyl-L-valinamide.	2.6	1	0	hydroxamic acid; secondary carboxamide	antineoplastic agent; matrix metalloproteinase inhibitor
7-methoxytacrine [no description available]	3.27	1	0
1'-acetoxychavicol acetate 1'-acetoxychavicol acetate: antifungal component of Alpinia galanga; structure given in first source. 1'-acetoxychavicol acetate : An acetate ester that is chavicol acetate substituted by an acetoxy group at position 1'.	2.13	1	0	acetate ester; phenylpropanoid	antineoplastic agent; NF-kappaB inhibitor; plant metabolite
matairesinol matairesinol: lignan that is a central precursor in plants in the biosynthesis of numerous lignans (coordinate with specific); RN refers to (3R-trans)-isomer. (-)-matairesinol : A lignan that is gamma-butyrolactone in which the 3 and 4 positions are substituted by 4-hydroxy-3-methoxybenzyl groups (the 3R,4R-diastereomer).	2.25	1	0	gamma-lactone; lignan; polyphenol	angiogenesis inhibitor; anti-asthmatic agent; phytoestrogen; plant metabolite
elacridar Elacridar: inhibitor of MDR1 PROTEIN; structure given in first source	2.6	1	0
dopachrome dopachrome: cyclization product of L-DOPA	2.07	1	0	orthoquinones
1-propyl-2-methyl-3-hydroxypyrid-4-one [no description available]	2.05	1	0
argiotoxin-636 argiotoxin-636: from the venom of Argiope aurantia; blocks neuromuscular transmission in insects; structure in first source.	2.13	1	0	N-acyl-amino acid
celastrol [no description available]	2.6	1	0	monocarboxylic acid; pentacyclic triterpenoid	anti-inflammatory drug; antineoplastic agent; antioxidant; EC 5.99.1.3 [DNA topoisomerase (ATP-hydrolysing)] inhibitor; Hsp90 inhibitor; metabolite
aromadedrin aromadedrin: inhibits protein kinase C; the dihydro makes it a flavone rather than a flavonol. (+)-dihydrokaempferol : A tetrahydroxyflavanone having hydroxy groupa at the 3-, 4'-, 5- and 7-positions.	3.02	4	0	4'-hydroxyflavanones; dihydroflavonols; secondary alpha-hydroxy ketone; tetrahydroxyflavanone	metabolite
n-(n-(3-carboxyoxirane-2-carbonyl)leucyl)isoamylamine N-(N-(3-carboxyoxirane-2-carbonyl)leucyl)isoamylamine: inhibits calcium-activated neutral protease; see also record for E-64; RN given refers to (2-S-(2alpha,3beta)(R*)-isomer)	2.6	1	0	leucine derivative
vadimezan vadimezan : A monocarboxylic acid that is acetic acid in which one of the methyl hydrogens is replaced by a 5,6-dimethyl-9-oxoxanthen-4-yl group.	2.6	1	0	monocarboxylic acid; xanthones	antineoplastic agent
e 64 E 64: cysteine protease inhibitor of microbial origin, which inhibits cathepsin B (EC 3.4.22.1) and cathepsin L (EC 3.4.22.-)	2.6	1	0	dicarboxylic acid monoamide; epoxy monocarboxylic acid; guanidines; L-leucine derivative; zwitterion	antimalarial; antiparasitic agent; protease inhibitor
glabridin [no description available]	2.03	1	0	hydroxyisoflavans	antiplasmodial drug
jci 3661 JCI 3661: structure given in first source	1.98	1	0
3-pyridylalanine [no description available]	1.98	1	0
umifenovir umifenovir: an antiviral agent	2.6	1	0	indolyl carboxylic acid
safinamide safinamide: short-acting inhibitor of MOA-B; FCE 26743 is (S)-isomer, FCE 28073 is (R)-isomer; structure in first source	2.6	1	0	amino acid amide
ilomastat CS 610: matrix metalloproteinase inhibitor; structure in first source. ilomastat : An N-acyl-amino acid obtained by formal condensation of the carboxy group of (2R)-2-[2-(hydroxyamino)-2-oxoethyl]-4-methylpentanoic acid with the amino group of N-methyl-L-tryptophanamide. A cell permeable broad-spectrum matrix metalloproteinase (MMP) inhibitor	2.6	1	0	hydroxamic acid; L-tryptophan derivative; N-acyl-amino acid	anti-inflammatory agent; antibacterial agent; antineoplastic agent; EC 3.4.24.24 (gelatinase A) inhibitor; neuroprotective agent
xylose xylopyranose: structure in first source	2.1	1	0	D-xylose
salicylideneaniline salicylideneaniline: structure in first source	3.27	1	0
atazanavir atazanavir : A heavily substituted carbohydrazide that is an antiretroviral drug of the protease inhibitor (PI) class used to treat infection of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV).	2.6	1	0	carbohydrazide	antiviral drug; HIV protease inhibitor
4-boronophenylalanine 4-boronophenylalanine: neutron absorbing (10)B-cpd used in thermal neutron capturetherapy of malignant melanoma; RN given refers to (L)-isomer; structure given in first source	3.08	1	0
8-(methylsulfonylamino)quinoline 8-(methylsulfonylamino)quinoline: has diabetogenic properties; structure given in first source	2.06	1	0
vx 497 N-3-(3-(3-methoxy-4-oxazol-5-ylphenyl)ureido)benzylcarbamic acid tetrahydrofuran-3-yl ester: structure in first source	2.6	1	0
bcx 1812 [no description available]	2.6	1	0	3-hydroxy monocarboxylic acid; acetamides; cyclopentanols; guanidines	antiviral drug; EC 3.2.1.18 (exo-alpha-sialidase) inhibitor
atractylenolide iii atractylenolide III: from Atractylodes macrocephala Koidz; structure in first source	2.04	1	0	naphthofuran	metabolite
naproxen Naproxen: An anti-inflammatory agent with analgesic and antipyretic properties. Both the acid and its sodium salt are used in the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis and other rheumatic or musculoskeletal disorders, dysmenorrhea, and acute gout.. naproxen : A methoxynaphthalene that is 2-methoxynaphthalene substituted by a carboxy ethyl group at position 6. Naproxen is a non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug commonly used for the reduction of pain, fever, inflammation and stiffness caused by conditions such as osteoarthritis, kidney stones, rheumatoid arthritis, psoriatic arthritis, gout, ankylosing spondylitis, menstrual cramps, tendinitis, bursitis, and for the treatment of primary dysmenorrhea. It works by inhibiting both the COX-1 and COX-2 enzymes.	2.6	1	0	methoxynaphthalene; monocarboxylic acid	antipyretic; cyclooxygenase 1 inhibitor; cyclooxygenase 2 inhibitor; drug allergen; environmental contaminant; gout suppressant; non-narcotic analgesic; non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug; xenobiotic
olmesartan olmesartan: an active metabolite of CS 866	2.6	1	0	biphenylyltetrazole	angiotensin receptor antagonist; antihypertensive agent
telbivudine [no description available]	2.6	1	0	pyrimidine 2'-deoxyribonucleoside	antiviral drug; EC 2.7.7.49 (RNA-directed DNA polymerase) inhibitor
celastrol methyl ester celastrol methyl ester: isolated from Tripterygium wilfordii; potent inhibitory activity on both Kir2.1 and ERG1 potassium channels, leading to LONG QT SYNDROME	2.6	1	0	carboxylic ester
resiquimod S 28463: structure given in first source	2.6	1	0	imidazoquinoline
glucosone glucosone: RN given refers to cpd with unspecified isomeric designation	6.92	1	0	ketoaldohexose
indium trichloride indium trichloride: RN given refers to parent cpd	2.05	1	0
macrosporin macrosporin: isolated from fermentation product of fungus Alternaria porri (Ellis) Ciferri; structure given in first source	2.25	1	0
cycloartane cycloartane : A triterpene that is lanostane in which there is a methylene bridge between the 5- and 9-positions.	2.03	1	0	triterpene
questin [no description available]	2.11	1	0	dihydroxyanthraquinone
tanshinone ii a tashinone IIA: a cardiovascular agent with antineoplastic activity; isolated from Salvia miltiorrhiza; structure in first source	2.6	1	0	abietane diterpenoid
basic red 51 Basic Red 51: a semi-permanent hair dye, cytotoxic to human skin cells; structure in first source	2.17	1	0
anacardic acid anacardic acid: isolated from Anacardium occidentale; monophenol monooxygenase inhibitor. anacardic acid : A hydroxybenzoic acid that is salicylic acid substituted by a pentadecyl group at position 6. It is a major component of cashew nut shell liquid and exhibits an extensive range of bioactivities.	2.6	1	0	hydroxy monocarboxylic acid; hydroxybenzoic acid	anti-inflammatory agent; antibacterial agent; anticoronaviral agent; apoptosis inducer; EC 2.3.1.48 (histone acetyltransferase) inhibitor; EC 3.4.22.69 (SARS coronavirus main proteinase) inhibitor; neuroprotective agent; plant metabolite
biotin vitamin B7 : Any member of a group of vitamers that belong to the chemical structural class called biotins that exhibit biological activity against vitamin B7 deficiency. Vitamin B7 deficiency is very rare in individuals who take a normal balanced diet. Foods rich in biotin are egg yolk, liver, cereals, vegetables (spinach, mushrooms) and rice. Symptoms associated with vitamin B7 deficiency include thinning hair, scaly skin rashes around eyes, nose and mouth, and brittle nails. The vitamers include biotin and its ionized and salt forms.	2.01	1	0	biotins; vitamin B7	coenzyme; cofactor; Escherichia coli metabolite; fundamental metabolite; human metabolite; mouse metabolite; nutraceutical; prosthetic group; Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite
migalastat migalastat: a potent inhibitor of glycolipid biosynthesis	2.76	2	0	piperidines
sb 203580 [no description available]	3.27	1	0	imidazoles; monofluorobenzenes; pyridines; sulfoxide	EC 2.7.11.1 (non-specific serine/threonine protein kinase) inhibitor; EC 2.7.11.24 (mitogen-activated protein kinase) inhibitor; geroprotector; Hsp90 inhibitor; neuroprotective agent
erlotinib [no description available]	2.6	1	0	aromatic ether; quinazolines; secondary amino compound; terminal acetylenic compound	antineoplastic agent; epidermal growth factor receptor antagonist; protein kinase inhibitor
limonin [no description available]	2.49	2	0	epoxide; furans; hexacyclic triterpenoid; lactone; limonoid; organic heterohexacyclic compound	inhibitor; metabolite; volatile oil component
scutellarin scutellarin: see scutellarein for aglycone. scutellarin : The glycosyloxyflavone which is the 7-O-glucuronide of scutellarein.	2.6	1	0	glucosiduronic acid; glycosyloxyflavone; monosaccharide derivative; trihydroxyflavone	antineoplastic agent; proteasome inhibitor
moracin m moracin M: has been isolated from Morus alba L.; structure in first source	3.27	1	0	benzofurans
aflatoxin b1 Aflatoxin B1: A potent hepatotoxic and hepatocarcinogenic mycotoxin produced by the Aspergillus flavus group of fungi. It is also mutagenic, teratogenic, and causes immunosuppression in animals. It is found as a contaminant in peanuts, cottonseed meal, corn, and other grains. The mycotoxin requires epoxidation to aflatoxin B1 2,3-oxide for activation. Microsomal monooxygenases biotransform the toxin to the less toxic metabolites aflatoxin M1 and Q1.. aflatoxin B1 : An aflatoxin having a tetrahydrocyclopenta[c]furo[3',2':4,5]furo[2,3-h]chromene skeleton with oxygen functionality at positions 1, 4 and 11.	2.91	4	0	aflatoxin; aromatic ether; aromatic ketone	carcinogenic agent; human metabolite
1,4,7-triazacyclononane 1,4,7-triazacyclononane: structure given in first source	2.06	1	0	azacycloalkane; crown amine; saturated organic heteromonocyclic parent
phellamurin phellamurin: flavonone. phellamurin : A member of the class of dihydroflavonols that is (+)-dihydrokaempferol substituted by a prenyl group at position 8 and a beta-D-glucopyranosyl group at position 7 via a glycosidic linkage. Isolated from Phellodendron amurense and Commiphora africana, it exhibits inhibition of intestinal P-glycoprotein.	2.01	1	0	4'-hydroxyflavanones; beta-D-glucoside; dihydroflavonols; flavanone glycoside; monosaccharide derivative; trihydroxyflavanone	metabolite
etravirine [no description available]	2.6	1	0	aminopyrimidine; aromatic ether; dinitrile; organobromine compound	antiviral agent; HIV-1 reverse transcriptase inhibitor
cgp 54626 CGP 54626: RN given for (S-(R,R))-isomer	2.04	1	0
scorpions [no description available]	2.06	1	0	dinotefuran; oxolanes	neonicotinoid insectide
chelidonine chelidonine: benzophenanthridine derived from scoulerine from Chelidonium majus; RN given refers to parent cpd (chelidonine, (5bR-(5balpha,6beta,12alpha))-isomer)	2.6	1	0	alkaloid antibiotic; alkaloid fundamental parent; benzophenanthridine alkaloid
4-n-butylresorcinol 4-n-butylresorcinol: structure in first source	6.39	6	1	resorcinols
prizes acetamiprid: structure in first source. (E)-acetamiprid : The (E)-stereoisomer of acetamiprid.. acetamiprid : A carboxamidine that is acetamidine in which the amino hydrogens are substituted by a (6-chloropyridin-3-yl)methyl and a methyl group while the hydrogen attached to the imino nitrogen is replaced by a cyano group.	2.06	1	0	carboxamidine; monochloropyridine; nitrile	environmental contaminant; neonicotinoid insectide; xenobiotic
darunavir Darunavir: An HIV PROTEASE INHIBITOR that is used in the treatment of AIDS and HIV INFECTIONS. Due to the emergence of ANTIVIRAL DRUG RESISTANCE when used alone, it is administered in combination with other ANTI-HIV AGENTS.. darunavir : An N,N-disubstituted benzenesulfonamide bearing an unsubstituted amino group at the 4-position, used for the treatment of HIV infection. A second-generation HIV protease inhibitor, darunavir was designed to form robust interactions with the protease enzyme from many strains of HIV, including those from treatment-experienced patients with multiple resistance mutations to other protease inhibitors.	2.6	1	0	carbamate ester; furofuran; sulfonamide	antiviral drug; HIV protease inhibitor
dapivirine Dapivirine: effectively prevented human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection in cocultures of monocyte-derived dendritic cells and T cells, representing primary targets in sexual transmission	2.6	1	0
sitosterol, (3beta)-isomer Sobatum: tradename; active fraction of Solanum trilobatum; reduces side-effects of radiation-induced toxicity. sitosterol : A member of the class of phytosterols that is stigmast-5-ene substituted by a beta-hydroxy group at position 3.	2.01	1	0	3beta-hydroxy-Delta(5)-steroid; 3beta-sterol; C29-steroid; phytosterols; stigmastane sterol	anticholesteremic drug; antioxidant; mouse metabolite; plant metabolite; sterol methyltransferase inhibitor
nsc 74859 NSC 74859: inhibits Stat3 binding activity; structure in first source. S3I-201 : An amidobenzoic acid obtained by formal condensation of the carboxy group of [(4-methylbenzene-1-sulfonyl)oxy]acetic acid with the amino group of 4-amino-2-hydroxybenzoic acid.	2.6	1	0	amidobenzoic acid; monohydroxybenzoic acid; tosylate ester	STAT3 inhibitor
benzofurans Benzofurans: Compounds that contain a BENZENE ring fused to a furan ring.	2.74	3	0
1-(2,4-Dihydroxyphenyl)-2-(4-methoxyphenyl)ethanone [no description available]	2.46	2	0	stilbenoid
berbamine [no description available]	2.6	1	0	bisbenzylisoquinoline alkaloid; isoquinolines
4-methoxyxanthone 4-methoxyxanthone: a vasodilator; structure in first source	2.31	1	0
n-methylcorydaldine N-methylcorydaldine: isolated from Annona squamosa twigs; structure in first source	2.06	1	0	quinolone	metabolite
u-104 SLC-0111: a carbonic anhydrase inhibitor; structure in first source	2.6	1	0
lariciresinol lariciresinol: found in human urine. (+)-lariciresinol : A lignan that is tetrahydrofuran substituted at positions 2, 3 and 4 by 4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl, hydroxymethyl and 4-hydroxy-3-methoxybenzyl groups respectively (the 2S,3R,4R-diastereomer).	2.05	1	0	aromatic ether; lignan; oxolanes; phenols; primary alcohol	antifungal agent; plant metabolite
3,4-dihydroxyphenylpropionic acid 3,4-dihydroxyphenylpropionic acid: metabolite of caffeic acid; RN given refers to parent cpd; structure. 3-(3,4-dihydroxyphenyl)propanoic acid : A monocarboxylic acid that is 3-phenylpropionic acid substituted by hydroxy groups at positions 3 and 4. Also known as dihydrocaffeic acid, it is a metabolite of caffeic acid and exhibits antioxidant activity.	2.05	1	0	(dihydroxyphenyl)propanoic acid	antioxidant; human xenobiotic metabolite
7-hydroxy-5-methyl-2-(2-oxopropyl)-8-[3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)-2-oxanyl]-1-benzopyran-4-one [no description available]	2.6	1	0	glycoside
bortezomib [no description available]	2.6	1	0	amino acid amide; L-phenylalanine derivative; pyrazines	antineoplastic agent; antiprotozoal drug; protease inhibitor; proteasome inhibitor
ritonavir Ritonavir: An HIV protease inhibitor that works by interfering with the reproductive cycle of HIV. It also inhibits CYTOCHROME P-450 CYP3A.. ritonavir : An L-valine derivative that is L-valinamide in which alpha-amino group has been acylated by a [(2-isopropyl-1,3-thiazol-4-yl)methyl]methylcarbamoyl group and in which a hydrogen of the carboxamide amino group has been replaced by a (2R,4S,5S)-4-hydroxy-1,6-diphenyl-5-{[(1,3-thiazol-5-ylmethoxy)carbonyl]amino}hexan-2-yl group. A CYP3A inhibitor and antiretroviral drug from the protease inhibitor class used to treat HIV infection and AIDS, it is often used as a fixed-dose combination with another protease inhibitor, lopinavir. Also used in combination with dasabuvir sodium hydrate, ombitasvir and paritaprevir (under the trade name Viekira Pak) for treatment of chronic hepatitis C virus genotype 1 infection as well as cirrhosis of the liver.	2.6	1	0	1,3-thiazoles; carbamate ester; carboxamide; L-valine derivative; ureas	antiviral drug; environmental contaminant; HIV protease inhibitor; xenobiotic
tizoxanide tizoxanide: major metabolite of nitazoxanide; structure in first source	2.6	1	0	salicylamides
n-acetylneuraminic acid N-Acetylneuraminic Acid: An N-acyl derivative of neuraminic acid. N-acetylneuraminic acid occurs in many polysaccharides, glycoproteins, and glycolipids in animals and bacteria. (From Dorland, 28th ed, p1518). N-acetylneuraminic acid : An N-acylneuraminic acid where the N-acyl group is specified as acetyl.	3.12	1	0	N-acetylneuraminic acids	antioxidant; bacterial metabolite; EC 3.2.1.18 (exo-alpha-sialidase) inhibitor; human metabolite; mouse metabolite
glucosamine D-glucosamine : An amino sugar whose structure comprises D-glucose having an amino substituent at position 2.. 2-amino-2-deoxy-D-glucopyranose : A D-glucosamine whose structure comprises D-glucopyranose having an amino substituent at position 2.	3.39	1	1	D-glucosamine	Escherichia coli metabolite; geroprotector; mouse metabolite
naringenin (S)-naringenin : The (S)-enantiomer of naringenin.	2.46	2	0	(2S)-flavan-4-one; naringenin	expectorant; plant metabolite
dopaquinone [no description available]	2.03	1	0	1,2-benzoquinones; amino acid zwitterion; L-phenylalanine derivative	human metabolite; mouse metabolite
salicin [no description available]	2.06	1	0	aromatic primary alcohol; aryl beta-D-glucoside; benzyl alcohols	antipyretic; EC 1.14.99.1 (prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase) inhibitor; metabolite; non-narcotic analgesic; non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug; prodrug
taxifolin (+)-taxifolin : A taxifolin that has (2R,3R)-configuration.	2.77	3	0	taxifolin	metabolite
tartaric acid tartaric acid: RN given refers to cpd with unspecified isomeric designation. D-tartaric acid : The D-enantiomer of tartaric acid.	2.05	1	0	tartaric acid	Escherichia coli metabolite
mimosine L-mimosine : An L-alpha-amino acid that is propionic acid substituted by an amino group at position 2 and a 3-hydroxy-4-oxopyridin-1(4H)-yl group at position 3 (the 2S-stereoisomer). It a non-protein plant amino acid isolated from Mimosa pudica.	4.09	4	0	4-pyridones; amino acid zwitterion; non-proteinogenic L-alpha-amino acid	EC 1.14.18.1 (tyrosinase) inhibitor; plant metabolite
eriodictyol eriodictyol: structure. eriodictyol : A tetrahydroxyflavanone that is flavanone substituted by hydroxy groups at positions 5, 7, 3' and 4' respectively.	2.05	1	0	3'-hydroxyflavanones; tetrahydroxyflavanone
arbutin hydroquinone O-beta-D-glucopyranoside : A monosaccharide derivative that is hydroquinone attached to a beta-D-glucopyranosyl residue at position 4 via a glycosidic linkage.	9.18	55	1	beta-D-glucoside; monosaccharide derivative	Escherichia coli metabolite; plant metabolite
cellulase Cellulase: An endocellulase with specificity for the hydrolysis of 1,4-beta-glucosidic linkages in CELLULOSE, lichenin, and cereal beta-glucans.. beta-cellotriose : A cellotriose with a beta-configuration at the anomeric position.	2.1	1	0	cellotriose
quinidine Quinidine: An optical isomer of quinine, extracted from the bark of the CHINCHONA tree and similar plant species. This alkaloid dampens the excitability of cardiac and skeletal muscles by blocking sodium and potassium currents across cellular membranes. It prolongs cellular ACTION POTENTIALS, and decreases automaticity. Quinidine also blocks muscarinic and alpha-adrenergic neurotransmission.. quinidine : A cinchona alkaloid consisting of cinchonine with the hydrogen at the 6-position of the quinoline ring substituted by methoxy.	2.6	1	0	cinchona alkaloid	alpha-adrenergic antagonist; anti-arrhythmia drug; antimalarial; drug allergen; EC 1.14.13.181 (13-deoxydaunorubicin hydroxylase) inhibitor; EC 3.6.3.44 (xenobiotic-transporting ATPase) inhibitor; muscarinic antagonist; P450 inhibitor; potassium channel blocker; sodium channel blocker
conessine conessine : A steroid alkaloid that is con-5-enine substituted by a N,N-dimethylamino group at position 3. It has been isolated from the plant species of the family Apocynaceae.	2.6	1	0	steroid alkaloid; tertiary amino compound	antibacterial agent; antimalarial; H3-receptor antagonist; plant metabolite
griseofulvin Griseofulvin: An antifungal agent used in the treatment of TINEA infections.. griseofulvin : An oxaspiro compound produced by Penicillium griseofulvum. It is used by mouth as an antifungal drug for infections involving the scalp, hair, nails and skin that do not respond to topical treatment.	2	1	0	1-benzofurans; antibiotic antifungal drug; benzofuran antifungal drug; organochlorine compound; oxaspiro compound	antibacterial agent; Penicillium metabolite
saquinavir Saquinavir: An HIV protease inhibitor which acts as an analog of an HIV protease cleavage site. It is a highly specific inhibitor of HIV-1 and HIV-2 proteases, and also inhibits CYTOCHROME P-450 CYP3A.. saquinavir : An aspartic acid derivative obtained by formal condensation of the primary amino group of (2S,3R)-4-[(3S,4aS,8aS)-3-(tert-butylcarbamoyl)octahydroisoquinolin-2(1H)-yl]-3-hydroxy-1-phenylbutan-2-ylamine with the carboxy group of N(2)(-quinolin-2-ylcarbonyl)-L-asparagine. An inhibitor of HIV-1 protease.	2.6	1	0	L-asparagine derivative; quinolines	antiviral drug; HIV protease inhibitor
abacavir abacavir: a carbocyclic nucleoside with potent selective anti-HIV activity. abacavir : A 2,6-diaminopurine that is (1S)-cyclopent-2-en-1-ylmethanol in which the pro-R hydrogen at the 4-position is substituted by a 2-amino-6-(cyclopropylamino)-9H-purin-9-yl group. A nucleoside analogue reverse transcriptase inhibitor (NRTI) with antiretroviral activity against HIV, it is used (particularly as the sulfate) with other antiretrovirals in combination therapy of HIV infection.	2.6	1	0	2,6-diaminopurines	antiviral drug; drug allergen; HIV-1 reverse transcriptase inhibitor
linezolid [no description available]	2.6	1	0	acetamides; morpholines; organofluorine compound; oxazolidinone	antibacterial drug; protein synthesis inhibitor
silychristin silychristin : A flavonolignan isolated from Silybum marianum and has been shown to exhibit inhibitory activities against lipoxygenase and prostaglandin synthetase.	2.51	2	0	1-benzofurans; aromatic ether; flavonolignan; polyphenol; secondary alpha-hydroxy ketone	lipoxygenase inhibitor; metabolite; prostaglandin antagonist; radical scavenger
afzelechin afzelechin: from Hovenia dulcis; structure in first source. afzelechin : A tetrahydroxyflavan that is (2S)-flavan substituted by hydroxy groups at positions 3, 5, 7 and 4' respectively.	2.13	1	0	catechin; tetrahydroxyflavan	EC 3.2.1.20 (alpha-glucosidase) inhibitor; plant metabolite
cephaelin cephaelin: do not confuse with cephalin of brain; after emetine this is the most important alkaloid of ipecac; protein synthesis inhibitor. cephaeline : A pyridoisoquinoline comprising emetam having a hydroxy group at the 6'-position and methoxy substituents at the 7'-, 10- and 11-positions.	2.6	1	0	pyridoisoquinoline
(-)-usnic acid (-)-usnic acid : The (-)-enantiomer of usnic acid.	2.6	1	0	usnic acid	EC 1.13.11.27 (4-hydroxyphenylpyruvate dioxygenase) inhibitor
lignans Lignans: A class of dibenzylbutane derivatives which occurs in higher plants and in fluids (bile, serum, urine, etc.) in man and other animals. These compounds, which have a potential anti-cancer role, can be synthesized in vitro by human fecal flora. (From Singleton & Sainsbury, Dictionary of Microbiology and Molecular Biology, 2d ed)	2.17	1	0
syringaresinol (+)-syringaresinol : The (7alpha,7'alpha,8alpha,8'alpha)-stereoisomer of syringaresinol.	2.06	1	0	syringaresinol	antineoplastic agent
acetylleucyl-leucyl-norleucinal acetylleucyl-leucyl-norleucinal: a proteasome inhibitor. acetylleucyl-leucyl-norleucinal : A tripeptide composed of N-acetylleucyl, leucyl and norleucinal residues joined in sequence.	2.6	1	0	aldehyde; tripeptide	cysteine protease inhibitor
betadex beta-Cyclodextrins: Cyclic GLUCANS consisting of seven (7) glucopyranose units linked by 1,4-glycosidic bonds.	2.08	1	0	cyclodextrin
e-z cinnamic acid cinnamic acid : A monocarboxylic acid that consists of acrylic acid bearing a phenyl substituent at the 3-position. It is found in Cinnamomum cassia.. trans-cinnamic acid : The E (trans) isomer of cinnamic acid	3.56	8	0	cinnamic acid	plant metabolite
trichostatin a trichostatin A: chelates zinc ion in the active site of histone deacetylases, resulting in preventing histone unpacking so DNA is less available for transcription; do not confuse with TRICHOSANTHIN which is a protein; found in STREPTOMYCES	2.05	1	0	antibiotic antifungal agent; hydroxamic acid; trichostatin	bacterial metabolite; EC 3.5.1.98 (histone deacetylase) inhibitor; geroprotector
tretinoin Tretinoin: An important regulator of GENE EXPRESSION during growth and development, and in NEOPLASMS. Tretinoin, also known as retinoic acid and derived from maternal VITAMIN A, is essential for normal GROWTH; and EMBRYONIC DEVELOPMENT. An excess of tretinoin can be teratogenic. It is used in the treatment of PSORIASIS; ACNE VULGARIS; and several other SKIN DISEASES. It has also been approved for use in promyelocytic leukemia (LEUKEMIA, PROMYELOCYTIC, ACUTE).. retinoic acid : A retinoid consisting of 3,7-dimethylnona-2,4,6,8-tetraenoic acid substituted at position 9 by a 2,6,6-trimethylcyclohex-1-en-1-yl group (geometry of the four exocyclic double bonds is not specified).. all-trans-retinoic acid : A retinoic acid in which all four exocyclic double bonds have E- (trans-) geometry.	8.68	11	0	retinoic acid; vitamin A	anti-inflammatory agent; antineoplastic agent; antioxidant; AP-1 antagonist; human metabolite; keratolytic drug; retinoic acid receptor agonist; retinoid X receptor agonist; signalling molecule
fumaric acid fumaric acid: see also record for ferrous fumarate; use FUMARATES for general fumaric acid esters. fumaric acid : A butenedioic acid in which the C=C double bond has E geometry. It is an intermediate metabolite in the citric acid cycle.	2.13	1	0	butenedioic acid	food acidity regulator; fundamental metabolite; geroprotector
resveratrol trans-resveratrol : A resveratrol in which the double bond has E configuration.	5.56	12	0	resveratrol	antioxidant; phytoalexin; plant metabolite; quorum sensing inhibitor; radical scavenger
oleic acid Oleic Acid: An unsaturated fatty acid that is the most widely distributed and abundant fatty acid in nature. It is used commercially in the preparation of oleates and lotions, and as a pharmaceutical solvent. (Stedman, 26th ed). oleic acid : An octadec-9-enoic acid in which the double bond at C-9 has Z (cis) stereochemistry.	2.74	3	0	octadec-9-enoic acid	antioxidant; Daphnia galeata metabolite; EC 3.1.1.1 (carboxylesterase) inhibitor; Escherichia coli metabolite; mouse metabolite; plant metabolite; solvent
tacrolimus Tacrolimus: A macrolide isolated from the culture broth of a strain of Streptomyces tsukubaensis that has strong immunosuppressive activity in vivo and prevents the activation of T-lymphocytes in response to antigenic or mitogenic stimulation in vitro.. tacrolimus (anhydrous) : A macrolide lactam containing a 23-membered lactone ring, originally isolated from the fermentation broth of a Japanese soil sample that contained the bacteria Streptomyces tsukubaensis.	2.6	1	0	macrolide lactam	bacterial metabolite; immunosuppressive agent
phenylalanine amide phenylalanine amide: inhibits an isoenzyme of alkaline phosphatase; RN given for cpd without isomeric designation. L-phenylalanine amide : An amino acid amide derived from L-phenylalanine.	7.05	1	0	amino acid amide; phenylalanine derivative
ferulic acid ferulate : A monocarboxylic acid anion obtained by the deprotonation of the carboxy group of ferulic acid.	3.31	6	0	ferulic acids	anti-inflammatory agent; antioxidant; apoptosis inhibitor; cardioprotective agent; MALDI matrix material; plant metabolite
lycopene [no description available]	2.6	1	0	acyclic carotene	antioxidant; plant metabolite
zithromax Azithromycin: A semi-synthetic macrolide antibiotic structurally related to ERYTHROMYCIN. It has been used in the treatment of Mycobacterium avium intracellulare infections, toxoplasmosis, and cryptosporidiosis.. azithromycin : A macrolide antibiotic useful for the treatment of bacterial infections.	2.6	1	0	macrolide antibiotic	antibacterial drug; environmental contaminant; xenobiotic
roflumilast [no description available]	2.6	1	0	aromatic ether; benzamides; chloropyridine; cyclopropanes; organofluorine compound	anti-asthmatic drug; phosphodiesterase IV inhibitor
L-cycloserine L-cycloserine : A 4-amino-1,2-oxazolidin-3-one that has S configuration. An antibiotic isolated from Erwinia uredovora.	2.6	1	0	4-amino-1,2-oxazolidin-3-one	anti-HIV agent; anticonvulsant; EC 2.3.1.50 (serine C-palmitoyltransferase) inhibitor
h 89 N-(2-(4-bromocinnamylamino)ethyl)-5-isoquinolinesulfonamide: structure given in first source. N-[2-(4-bromocinnamylamino)ethyl]isoquinoline-5-sulfonamide : A member of the class of isoquinolines that is the sulfonamide obtained by formal condensation of the sulfo group of isoquinoline-5-sulfonic acid with the primary amino group of N(1)-[3-(4-bromophenyl)prop-2-en-1-yl]ethane-1,2-diamine. It is a protein kinase A inhibitor.. (E)-N-[2-(4-bromocinnamylamino)ethyl]isoquinoline-5-sulfonamide : A N-[2-(4-bromocinnamylamino)ethyl]isoquinoline-5-sulfonamide in which the double bond adopts a trans-configuration.	2.6	1	0	N-[2-(4-bromocinnamylamino)ethyl]isoquinoline-5-sulfonamide
bevirimat bevirimat: an HIV inhibitor; disrupts late step in processing HIV Major Core Protein p24, preventing the capsid precursor p25 from being converted to mature capsid p24. bevirimat : A pentacyclic triterpenoid obtained by the formal condensation of 2,2-dimethylsuccinic acid with the 3-hydroxy group of betulinic acid. It is isolated from the Chinese herb Syzygium claviflorum. The first in the class of HIV-1 maturation inhibitors to be studied in humans, bevirimat was identified as a potent HIV drug candidate and several clinical trials were conducted, but development into a new drug was plagued by numerous resistance-related problems.	2.6	1	0	dicarboxylic acid monoester; monocarboxylic acid; pentacyclic triterpenoid	HIV-1 maturation inhibitor; metabolite
melphalan Melphalan: An alkylating nitrogen mustard that is used as an antineoplastic in the form of the levo isomer - MELPHALAN, the racemic mixture - MERPHALAN, and the dextro isomer - MEDPHALAN; toxic to bone marrow, but little vesicant action; potential carcinogen.. melphalan : A phenylalanine derivative comprising L-phenylalanine having [bis(2-chloroethyl)amino group at the 4-position on the phenyl ring.	2.11	1	0	L-phenylalanine derivative; nitrogen mustard; non-proteinogenic L-alpha-amino acid; organochlorine compound	alkylating agent; antineoplastic agent; carcinogenic agent; drug allergen; immunosuppressive agent
benzyloxycarbonylleucyl-leucyl-leucine aldehyde benzyloxycarbonylleucyl-leucyl-leucine aldehyde: proteasome inhibitor. N-benzyloxycarbonyl-L-leucyl-L-leucyl-L-leucinal : A tripeptide that is L-leucyl-L-leucyl-L-leucine in which the C-terminal carboxy group has been reduced to the corresponding aldehyde and the N-terminal amino group is protected as its benzyloxycarbonyl derivative.	2.6	1	0	amino aldehyde; carbamate ester; tripeptide	proteasome inhibitor
tenofovir tenofovir (anhydrous) : A member of the class of phosphonic acids that is methylphosphonic acid in which one of the methyl hydrogens is replaced by a [(2R)-1-(6-amino-9H-purin-9-yl)propan-2-yl]oxy group. An inhibitor of HIV-1 reverse transcriptase, the bis(isopropyloxycarbonyloxymethyl) ester (disoproxil ester) prodrug is used as the fumaric acid salt in combination therapy for the treatment of HIV infection.	2.6	1	0	nucleoside analogue; phosphonic acids	antiviral drug; drug metabolite; HIV-1 reverse transcriptase inhibitor
posaconazole [no description available]	2.6	1	0	aromatic ether; conazole antifungal drug; N-arylpiperazine; organofluorine compound; oxolanes; triazole antifungal drug; triazoles	trypanocidal drug
gw 257406x maribavir: has antiviral activity against human cytomegalovirus	2.6	1	0
shikonin shikonin: a naphthazarin; has antineoplastic and angiogenesis inhibiting activities	2.6	1	0	hydroxy-1,4-naphthoquinone
4,4-difluoro-N-[(1S)-3-[3-(3-methyl-5-propan-2-yl-1,2,4-triazol-4-yl)-8-azabicyclo[3.2.1]octan-8-yl]-1-phenylpropyl]-1-cyclohexanecarboxamide [no description available]	2.6	1	0	tropane alkaloid
cmx 001 [no description available]	2.6	1	0
amd 8664 [no description available]	2.6	1	0
bay 41-4109 BAY 41-4109: structure in first source	2.6	1	0
bay 57-1293 pritelivir: herpes simplex virus 1 helicase-primase inhibitor	2.6	1	0
2'-c-methylcytidine 2'-C-methylcytidine: structure in first source	2.6	1	0
isoxanthohumol isoxanthohumol: structure in first source	2.6	1	0	flavanones
6-hydroxyindole 6-hydroxyindole: structure in first source	3.35	1	0
4-(4-chloro-2-methylphenoxy)-n-hydroxybutanamide 4-(4-chloro-2-methylphenoxy)-N-hydroxybutanamide: a c-FLIP inhibitor; structure in first source	2.6	1	0	aromatic ether
mecarbinate [no description available]	2.6	1	0
varitriol varitriol: from marine-derived strain of the fungus Emericella variecolor; structure in first source	2.02	1	0
cinnamaldehyde 3-phenylprop-2-enal : A member of the class of cinnamaldehydes that is prop-2-enal in which a hydrogen at position 3 has been replaced by a phenyl group. The configuration of the double bond is not specified; the name "cinnamaldehyde" is widely used to refer to the E (trans) isomer.. (E)-cinnamaldehyde : The E (trans) stereoisomer of cinnamaldehyde, the parent of the class of cinnamaldehydes.	2.05	1	0	3-phenylprop-2-enal; cinnamaldehydes	antifungal agent; EC 4.3.1.24 (phenylalanine ammonia-lyase) inhibitor; flavouring agent; hypoglycemic agent; plant metabolite; sensitiser; vasodilator agent
2-hydroxycinnamic acid trans-2-coumaric acid : The trans-isomer of 2-coumaric acid.. 2-coumaric acid : A monohydroxycinnamic acid in which the hydroxy substituent is located at C-2 of the phenyl ring.	2.05	1	0	2-coumaric acid; phenols	antioxidant; metabolite
3-coumaric acid 3-coumaric acid: RN given refers to cpd without isomeric designation in Chemline. trans-3-coumaric acid : A 3-coumaric acid that is phenol substituted with trans-2-propenoic acid at position C-3.. 3-coumaric acid : A monohydroxycinnamic acid in which the hydroxy substituent is located at C-3 of the phenyl ring.	2.05	1	0	3-coumaric acid
trans-4-coumaric acid hydroxycinnamic acid : Any member of the class of cinnamic acids carrying one or more hydroxy substituents.. trans-4-coumaric acid : The trans-isomer of 4-coumaric acid.. 4-coumaric acid : A coumaric acid in which the hydroxy substituent is located at C-4 of the phenyl ring.	5.31	9	0	4-coumaric acid	food component; mouse metabolite; plant metabolite
glycosides [no description available]	2.75	3	0
chalcone trans-chalcone : The trans-isomer of chalcone.	2.48	2	0	chalcone	EC 3.2.1.1 (alpha-amylase) inhibitor
sinapinic acid sinapinic acid: a matrix for matrix-assisted laser desorption technique for protein MW determination; a constituent of propolis. trans-sinapic acid : A sinapic acid in which the double bond has trans-configuration.	2.54	2	0	sinapic acid	MALDI matrix material; plant metabolite
stilbenes Stilbenes: Organic compounds that contain 1,2-diphenylethylene as a functional group.. trans-stilbene : The trans-isomer of stilbene.	4	13	0	stilbene
2,4,4'-trihydroxydeoxybenzoin 2,4,4'-trihydroxydeoxybenzoin: structure in first source	2.46	2	0
2-methoxycinnamaldehyde 2-methoxycinnamaldehyde: inhibits growth & mycotoxin production in fungi; structure	2.05	1	0	cinnamaldehydes
p-hydroxycinnamaldehyde p-hydroxycinnamaldehyde: an antibacterial substance from the saw fly, Acantholyda parki S.; structure in first source. 4-hydroxycinnamaldehyde : A cinnamaldehyde that is (E)-cinnamaldehyde substituted at position 4 on the phenyl ring by a hydroxy group.	2.13	1	0	cinnamaldehydes	apoptosis inducer; EC 1.14.13.39 (nitric oxide synthase) inhibitor; plant metabolite
4'-methoxychalcone 4'-methoxychalcone: RN given refers to compound with no isomeric designation	2.08	1	0	chalcones
sorbic acid Sorbic Acid: Mold and yeast inhibitor. Used as a fungistatic agent for foods, especially cheeses.. (2E,4E)-hexa-2,4-dienoic acid : A sorbic acid having trans-double bonds at positions 2 and 4; a food preservative that can induce cutaneous vasodilation and stinging upon topical application to humans. It is the most thermodynamically stable of the four possible geometric isomers possible, as well as the one with the highest antimicrobial activity.. sorbic acid : A hexadienoic acid with double bonds at C-2 and C-4; it has four geometrical isomers, of which the trans,trans-form is naturally occurring.	2.05	1	0	alpha,beta-unsaturated monocarboxylic acid; sorbic acid
ricinoleic acid ricinoleic acid: RN given refers to (R-(Z))-isomer; structure in Merck Index, 9th ed, #8005. ricinoleic acid : A (9Z)-12-hydroxyoctadec-9-enoic acid in which the 12-hydroxy group has R-configuration..	2.1	1	0	(9Z)-12-hydroxyoctadec-9-enoic acid
acetyl-aspartyl-glutamyl-valyl-aspartal acetyl-aspartyl-glutamyl-valyl-aspartal: a capase inhibitor. Ac-Asp-Glu-Val-Asp-H : A tetrapeptide consisting of two L-aspartic acid residues, an L-glutamyl residue and an L-valine residue with an acetyl group at the N-terminal and with the C-terminal carboxy group reduced to an aldehyde. It is an inhibitor of caspase-3/7.	2.6	1	0	tetrapeptide	protease inhibitor
sodium metabisulfite sodium metabisulfite: request from searcher; RN given refers to disulfurous acid, di-Na salt. sodium disulfite : An inorganic sodium salt composed of sodium and disulfite ions in a 2:1 ratio.	2.25	1	0	inorganic sodium salt	food antioxidant
octotropine methylbromide octotropine methylbromide: minor descriptor (65-86); on line & INDEX MEDICUS search TROPANES (69-86); RN given refers to endo-isomer. anisotropine methylbromide : A quaternary ammonium salt resulting from the reaction of the amino group of anisotropine with methyl bromide.	2.6	1	0
pilocarpine nitrate [no description available]	2.04	1	0
sesquiterpenes [no description available]	3.59	2	0
dienestrol Dienestrol: A synthetic, non-steroidal estrogen structurally related to stilbestrol. It is used, usually as the cream, in the treatment of menopausal and postmenopausal symptoms.. dienestrol : An olefinic compound that is hexa-2,4-diene substituted by 4-hydroxyphenyl groups at positions 3 and 4 respectively.	2.04	1	0
mercaptopurine Mercaptopurine: An antimetabolite antineoplastic agent with immunosuppressant properties. It interferes with nucleic acid synthesis by inhibiting purine metabolism and is used, usually in combination with other drugs, in the treatment of or in remission maintenance programs for leukemia.. purine-6-thiol : A thiol that is the tautomer of mercaptopurine.. mercaptopurine : A member of the class of purines that is 6,7-dihydro-1H-purine carrying a thione group at position 6. An adenine analogue, it is used in the treatment of acute lymphocytic leukemia (ALL), chronic myeloid leukemia (CML), Crohn's disease, and ulcerative colitis.	2.6	1	0	aryl thiol; purines; thiocarbonyl compound	anticoronaviral agent; antimetabolite; antineoplastic agent
methylthiouracil Methylthiouracil: A thiourea antithyroid agent that inhibits the synthesis of thyroid hormone. It is used in the treatment of hyperthyroidism.	2.06	1	0	pyrimidone
3,3',4,5'-tetrahydroxystilbene 3,3',4,5'-tetrahydroxystilbene: demethyl derivative of isorhapontigenin; structure in first source; a Syk kinase inhibitor; found in heartwood of FABACEAE; inhibitor of photosynthesis in spinach chloroplasts; may be inhibitor of plant growth; RN given refers to (E)-isomer. piceatannol : A stilbenol that is trans-stilbene in which one of the phenyl groups is substituted by hydroxy groups at positions 3 and 4, while the other phenyl group is substituted by hydroxy groups at positions 3 and 5.	2.03	1	0	catechols; polyphenol; resorcinols; stilbenol	antineoplastic agent; apoptosis inducer; geroprotector; hypoglycemic agent; plant metabolite; protein kinase inhibitor; tyrosine kinase inhibitor
4,6-dimethyl-2-thiopyrimidine 4,6-dimethyl-2-thiopyrimidine: structure	2.06	1	0
2-mercaptonicotinic acid 2-mercaptonicotinic acid: structure given in first source	2.06	1	0
jrf 12 N2,N4-dibenzylquinazoline-2,4-diamine: a selective, potent, reversible, and ATP-competitive p97 inhibitor	2.6	1	0
phenylthiourea Phenylthiourea: Phenylthiourea is a THIOUREA derivative containing a phenyl ring. Depending on their genetic makeup, humans can find it either bitter-tasting or tasteless.. N-phenylthiourea : A member of the class of thioureas that is thiourea in which one of the hydrogens is replaced by a phenyl group. Depending on their genetic makeup, humans find it either very bitter-tasting or tasteless. This unusual property resulted in N-phenylthiourea being used in paternity testing prior to the advent of DNA testing.	5.47	11	0	thioureas	EC 1.14.18.1 (tyrosinase) inhibitor
3,4'-dihydroxyflavone 3,4'-dihydroxyflavone: an antioxidant; structure in first source	2.6	1	0
2-(3,4-dihydroxyphenyl)-7,8-dihydroxy-1-benzopyran-4-one [no description available]	2.1	1	0	flavones
caffeic acid trans-caffeic acid : The trans-isomer of caffeic acid.	3.3	6	0	caffeic acid	geroprotector; mouse metabolite
methyl caffeate methyl caffeate: from plant Gaillardia pulchella. methyl caffeate : An alkyl caffeate ester formed by the formal condensation of caffeic acid with methyl alcohol.	2.44	2	0	alkyl caffeate ester; methyl ester
4-methoxycinnamic acid [no description available]	2.46	2	0	cinnamic acids
diphenylthiourea N,N'-diphenylthiourea : Thiourea in which each nitrogen carries a phenyl substituent.	2.06	1	0	thioureas	allergen
2-mercaptobenzimidazole 2-mercaptobenzimidazole: purine synthesis antimetabolite; RN given refers to parent cpd	2.03	1	0
3-(3,4-dimethoxyphenyl)propenoic acid 3-(3,4-dimethoxyphenyl)propenoic acid: structure given in first source; RN given refers to parent cpd. 3,4-dimethoxycinnamic acid : A methoxycinnamic acid that is trans-cinnamic acid substituted by methoxy groups at positions 3' and 4' respectively.	2.55	2	0	methoxycinnamic acid
4-amino-5-(pyridin-4-yl)-4h-1,2,4-triazole-3-thiol 4-amino-5-(pyridin-4-yl)-4H-1,2,4-triazole-3-thiol: a ligand of some antineoplastic metal complexes; structure in first source	2.05	1	0
5-phenyl-1,3,4-oxadiazole-2-thiol 5-phenyl-1,3,4-oxadiazole-2-thiol: structure in first source	2.05	1	0
isoferulic acid isoferulic acid: isomer of ferulic acid; structure. isoferulic acid : A ferulic acid consisting of trans-cinnamic acid bearing methoxy and hydroxy substituents at positions 4 and 3 respectively on the phenyl ring.	2.78	3	0	ferulic acids	antioxidant; biomarker; metabolite
benzylthiourea [no description available]	2.06	1	0
2-(3,4-dimethoxyphenyl)-1-(2,4,6-trihydroxyphenyl)ethanone [no description available]	2.05	1	0	stilbenoid
cyclouridine cyclouridine: structure given in third source	2.6	1	0
6-mercapto-3-pyridinecarboxylic acid 6-mercapto-3-pyridinecarboxylic acid: structure given in first source	2.06	1	0
isoeugenol trans-isoeugenol : The trans-stereoisomer of isoeugenol.	2.25	1	0	isoeugenol	plant metabolite
curcumin Curcumin: A yellow-orange dye obtained from tumeric, the powdered root of CURCUMA longa. It is used in the preparation of curcuma paper and the detection of boron. Curcumin appears to possess a spectrum of pharmacological properties, due primarily to its inhibitory effects on metabolic enzymes.. curcumin : A beta-diketone that is methane in which two of the hydrogens are substituted by feruloyl groups. A natural dyestuff found in the root of Curcuma longa.	9.86	5	0	aromatic ether; beta-diketone; diarylheptanoid; enone; polyphenol	anti-inflammatory agent; antifungal agent; antineoplastic agent; biological pigment; contraceptive drug; dye; EC 1.1.1.205 (IMP dehydrogenase) inhibitor; EC 1.1.1.21 (aldehyde reductase) inhibitor; EC 1.1.1.25 (shikimate dehydrogenase) inhibitor; EC 1.6.5.2 [NAD(P)H dehydrogenase (quinone)] inhibitor; EC 1.8.1.9 (thioredoxin reductase) inhibitor; EC 2.7.10.2 (non-specific protein-tyrosine kinase) inhibitor; EC 3.5.1.98 (histone deacetylase) inhibitor; flavouring agent; food colouring; geroprotector; hepatoprotective agent; immunomodulator; iron chelator; ligand; lipoxygenase inhibitor; metabolite; neuroprotective agent; nutraceutical; radical scavenger
2-mercaptoimidazole [no description available]	2.1	1	0
nootkatone nootkatone: RN given refers to cpd without isomeric designation; structure given in first source. (+)-nootkatone : A sesquiterpenoid that is 4,4a,5,6,7,8-hexahydronaphthalen-2(3H)-one which is substituted by methyl groups at positions 4 and 4a, and by an isopropenyl group at position 6 (the 4R,4aS,6R stereoisomer).	2.13	1	0	carbobicyclic compound; enone; sesquiterpenoid	fragrance; insect repellent; plant metabolite
thiouracil Thiouracil: Occurs in seeds of Brassica and Crucifera species. Thiouracil has been used as antithyroid, coronary vasodilator, and in congestive heart failure although its use has been largely supplanted by other drugs. It is known to cause blood dyscrasias and suspected of terato- and carcinogenesis.. thiouracil : A nucleobase analogue that is uracil in which the oxo group at C-2 is replaced by a thioxo group.	2.46	2	0	nucleobase analogue; thiocarbonyl compound	antithyroid drug; metabolite
N-(2,3-dihydro-1,4-benzodioxin-6-yl)-2-[(6-methoxy-1H-benzimidazol-2-yl)thio]acetamide [no description available]	2.03	1	0	benzodioxine
methimazole Methimazole: A thioureylene antithyroid agent that inhibits the formation of thyroid hormones by interfering with the incorporation of iodine into tyrosyl residues of thyroglobulin. This is done by interfering with the oxidation of iodide ion and iodotyrosyl groups through inhibition of the peroxidase enzyme.. methimazole : A member of the class of imidazoles that it imidazole-2-thione in which a methyl group replaces the hydrogen which is attached to a nitrogen.	7.52	2	0	1,3-dihydroimidazole-2-thiones	antithyroid drug
zucapsaicin [no description available]	2.6	1	0	methoxybenzenes; phenols
coniferyl alcohol coniferyl alcohol: structure. coniferol : A phenylpropanoid that is one of the main monolignols, produced by the reduction of the carboxy functional group in cinnamic acid and the addition of a hydroxy and a methoxy substituent to the aromatic ring.	2.13	1	0	guaiacols; phenylpropanoid	animal metabolite; monolignol; mouse metabolite; pheromone; plant metabolite; volatile oil component
cyqualon cyclovalone: is a synthetic curcumin derivative; structure in first source	2.05	1	0
nbd 556 [no description available]	2.6	1	0
oxazolone Oxazolone: Immunologic adjuvant and sensitizing agent.	2.11	1	0
caryophyllene oxide caryophyllene oxide: has butyrylcholinesterase inhibitory activity; structure in first source. epoxide : Any cyclic ether in which the oxygen atom forms part of a 3-membered ring.	2.13	1	0	epoxide	metabolite
chlorogenic acid caffeoylquinic acid: Antiviral Agent; structure in first source. chlorogenate : A monocarboxylic acid anion that is the conjugate base of chlorogenic acid; major species at pH 7.3.	2.77	3	0	cinnamate ester; tannin	food component; plant metabolite
2,6-bis(2,5-dimethoxybenzylidene)cyclohexanone 2,6-bis(2,5-dimethoxybenzylidene)cyclohexanone: an anti-inflammatory agent that down-regulates cyclooxygenase-2 expression; structure in first source	2.05	1	0
3-acetyl-7-methoxycoumarin 3-acetyl-7-methoxycoumarin: structure in first source	2.11	1	0	coumarins
phenacylamine monohydrochloride [no description available]	2.04	1	0
thioguanine anhydrous Thioguanine: An antineoplastic compound which also has antimetabolite action. The drug is used in the therapy of acute leukemia.. tioguanine : A 2-aminopurine that is the 6-thiono derivative of 2-amino-1,9-dihydro-6H-purine. Incorporates into DNA and inhibits synthesis. Used in the treatment of leukaemia.	2.6	1	0	2-aminopurines	anticoronaviral agent; antimetabolite; antineoplastic agent
thiobarbituric acid thiobarbituric acid: RN given refers to parent cpd. 2-thiobarbituric acid : A barbiturate, the structure of which is that of barbituric acid in which the oxygen at C-2 is replaced by sulfur.	2.1	1	0	barbiturates	allergen; reagent
thiosemicarbazide thiosemicarbazide: glutamate decarboxylase antagonist; structure given in first source. hydrazinecarbothioamide : A member of the class of thioureas that is thiourea in which a hydrogen of one of the amino groups is replaced by an amino group.	2.51	2	0	hydrazines; thiocarboxamide; thioureas
thiourea Thiourea: A photographic fixative used also in the manufacture of resins. According to the Fourth Annual Report on Carcinogens (NTP 85-002, 1985), this substance may reasonably be anticipated to be a carcinogen (Merck Index, 9th ed). Many of its derivatives are ANTITHYROID AGENTS and/or FREE RADICAL SCAVENGERS.. thiourea : The simplest member of the thiourea class, consisting of urea with the oxygen atom substituted by sulfur.	3.55	2	0	one-carbon compound; thioureas; ureas	antioxidant; chromophore
thiocarbohydrazide [no description available]	2.11	1	0	thiocarbonyl compound
aflatoxin b aflatoxin B2: RN given refers to cpd without isomeric designation. aflatoxin B2 : An aflatoxin having a hexahydrocyclopenta[c]furo[3',2':4,5]furo[2,3-h]chromene skeleton with oxygen functionality at positions 1, 4 and 11.	2.37	2	0	aflatoxin
aflatoxin g2 [no description available]	1.96	1	0	coumarins
3-hydroxybenzylhydrazine hydrochloride [no description available]	2.04	1	0
4,5,6,7-tetrachloroindan-1,3-dione 4,5,6,7-tetrachloroindan-1,3-dione: inhibits ubiquitin C-terminal hydrolase L1	2.6	1	0
2-phenyl-4,4,5,5-tetramethylimidazoline-1-oxyl-3-oxide 2-phenyl-4,4,5,5-tetramethylimidazoline-1-oxyl-3-oxide: partial structure given in first source; endothelium-derived relaxing factor antagonist	2.05	1	0
4-thiouracil [no description available]	2.06	1	0
d-glucal [no description available]	7.1	1	0
1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl: A diphenyl picrate; the ability to decolorize this stable radical indicates reactivity of tested compounds (Banda, Anal Chem 46:1772-7 1974)	3.47	7	0
srpin340 SRPIN340: Serine-Arginine-Rich Protein Kinase Inhibitor	2.6	1	0
pr-619 [no description available]	2.6	1	0
p5091 P5091: inhibits ubiquitin-specific protease 7; structure in first source	2.6	1	0
trovirdine trovirdine: HIV-1 reverse transcriptase inhibitor	2.6	1	0
fti 277 [no description available]	2.6	1	0
u 0126 U 0126: protein kinase kinase inhibitor; structure in first source	2.6	1	0	aryl sulfide; dinitrile; enamine; substituted aniline	antineoplastic agent; antioxidant; apoptosis inducer; EC 2.7.11.24 (mitogen-activated protein kinase) inhibitor; osteogenesis regulator; vasoconstrictor agent
beauvericin [no description available]	2.25	1	0	cyclodepsipeptide	antibiotic insecticide; antifungal agent; antineoplastic agent; apoptosis inhibitor; fungal metabolite; ionophore; mycotoxin; P450 inhibitor
vicriviroc vicriviroc: structure in first source	2.6	1	0	(trifluoromethyl)benzenes
telaprevir [no description available]	2.6	1	0	cyclopentapyrrole; cyclopropanes; oligopeptide; pyrazines	antiviral drug; hepatitis C protease inhibitor; peptidomimetic
laccase Laccase: A copper-containing oxidoreductase enzyme that catalyzes the oxidation of 4-benzenediol to 4-benzosemiquinone. It also has activity towards a variety of O-quinols and P-quinols. It primarily found in FUNGI and is involved in LIGNIN degradation, pigment biosynthesis and detoxification of lignin-derived products.	3	4	0
6-methyl-2-(phenylethynyl)pyridine 6-methyl-2-(phenylethynyl)pyridine: an mGlu5 antagonist. 2-methyl-6-(phenylethynyl)pyridine : A methylpyridine that coinsists of 2-methylp[yridine bearing an additional phenylethynyl group at position 6. Potent and highly selective non-competitive antagonist at the mGlu5 receptor subtype (IC50 = 36 nM) and a positive allosteric modulator at mGlu4 receptors. Centrally active following systemic administration in vivo. Reverses mechanical hyperalgesia in the inflamed rat hind paw.	2.04	1	0	acetylenic compound; methylpyridines	anxiolytic drug; metabotropic glutamate receptor antagonist
orlistat Orlistat: A lactone derivative of LEUCINE that acts as a pancreatic lipase inhibitor to limit the absorption of dietary fat; it is used in the management of obesity.. orlistat : A carboxylic ester resulting from the formal condensation of the carboxy group of N-formyl-L-leucine with the hydroxy group of (3S,4S)-3-hexyl-4-[(2S)-2-hydroxytridecyl]oxetan-2-one. A pancreatic lipase inhibitor, it is used as an anti-obesity drug.	2.6	1	0	beta-lactone; carboxylic ester; formamides; L-leucine derivative	anti-obesity agent; bacterial metabolite; EC 2.3.1.85 (fatty acid synthase) inhibitor; EC 3.1.1.3 (triacylglycerol lipase) inhibitor
nitenpyram nitenpyram: a nitromethylene neonicotinoid insecticide; structure in first source. (E)-nitenpyram : A nitenpyram in which the double bond has E configuration.. nitenpyram : A C-nitro compound consisting of 2-nitroethene-1,1-diamine where one of the nitrogens bears ethyl and (6-chloro-3-pyridinyl)methyl while the other nitrogen carries a methyl group.	2.06	1	0	chloropyridyl insecticide; nitenpyram
dasatinib N-(2-chloro-6-methylphenyl)-2-((6-(4-(2-hydroxyethyl)piperazin-1-yl)-2-methylpyrimidin-4-yl)amino)-1,3-thiazole-5-carboxamide: a dasatinib prodrug; structure in first source. dasatinib (anhydrous) : An aminopyrimidine that is 2-methylpyrimidine which is substituted at position 4 by the primary amino group of 2-amino-1,3-thiazole-5-carboxylic acid and at position 6 by a 4-(2-hydroxyethyl)piperazin-1-yl group, and in which the carboxylic acid group has been formally condensed with 2-chloro-6-methylaniline to afford the corresponding amide. A multi-targeted kinase inhibitor, it is used, particularly as the monohydrate, for the treatment of chronic, accelerated, or myeloid or lymphoid blast phase chronic myeloid leukemia. Note that the name 'dasatinib' is used to refer to the monohydrate (USAN) as well as to anhydrous dasatinib (INN).	2.6	1	0	1,3-thiazoles; aminopyrimidine; monocarboxylic acid amide; N-(2-hydroxyethyl)piperazine; N-arylpiperazine; organochlorine compound; secondary amino compound; tertiary amino compound	anticoronaviral agent; antineoplastic agent; tyrosine kinase inhibitor
ladanein ladanein: from Marrubium peregrinum; structure in first source. ladanein : A dimethoxyflavone that is scutellarein in which the hydroxy groups at positions 4' and 7 are replaced by methoxy groups. It is an effective anti-HCV agent.	2.03	1	0	dihydroxyflavone; dimethoxyflavone	antiviral agent; plant metabolite; radical scavenger
silybin [no description available]	2.21	1	0
yya-021 YYA-021: an HIV entry inhibitor; structure in first source	2.6	1	0
yl-109 [no description available]	2.06	1	0
sodium dodecyl sulfate Sodium Dodecyl Sulfate: An anionic surfactant, usually a mixture of sodium alkyl sulfates, mainly the lauryl; lowers surface tension of aqueous solutions; used as fat emulsifier, wetting agent, detergent in cosmetics, pharmaceuticals and toothpastes; also as research tool in protein biochemistry.. sodium dodecyl sulfate : An organic sodium salt that is the sodium salt of dodecyl hydrogen sulfate.	2.43	2	0	organic sodium salt	detergent; protein denaturant
crocin crocin: a free radical scavenger	2.13	1	0
alizarin red s Alizarin Red S: RN given refers to parent cpd; structure. alizarin red S : An organic sodium salt having 3,4-dihydroxy-9,10-dioxo-9,10-dihydroanthracene-2-sulfonate as the counterion. It is commonly used to stain embryo skeletons in cleared whole mounts, usually of small mammals.	7.05	1	0	organic sodium salt; organosulfonate salt	histological dye
3-hydroxy-2-methyl-4h-pyran-4-thione 3-hydroxy-2-methyl-4H-pyran-4-thione: inhibits Bla2 beta-lactamase; structure in first source	2.06	1	0
sb 415286 3-(3-chloro-4-hydroxyphenylamino)-4-(4-nitrophenyl)-1H-pyrrole-2,5-dione: a glycogen synthase kinase-3 inhibitor; structure in first source	2.6	1	0	C-nitro compound; maleimides; monochlorobenzenes; phenols; secondary amino compound; substituted aniline	antioxidant; apoptosis inducer; EC 2.7.11.26 (tau-protein kinase) inhibitor; neuroprotective agent
sitagliptin sitagliptin : A triazolopyrazine that exhibits hypoglycemic activity.	2.6	1	0	triazolopyrazine; trifluorobenzene	EC 3.4.14.5 (dipeptidyl-peptidase IV) inhibitor; environmental contaminant; hypoglycemic agent; serine proteinase inhibitor; xenobiotic
1-[(4-methylphenyl)methyl]-1,3-diazinan-2-one [no description available]	2.05	1	0	pyrimidone; ureas
sodium butyrate [no description available]	2.05	1	0	organic sodium salt	EC 3.5.1.98 (histone deacetylase) inhibitor; geroprotector
8-hydroxymanzamine a 8-hydroxymanzamine A: active against HIV-II; isolated from the sponge Pachypellina; structure in first source. 8-hydroxymanzamine A : An alkaloid that is manzamine A with a hydroxy substituent at position 8. Isolated from Pachypellina and Acanthostrongylophora, it exhibits inhibitory activity against Glycogen Synthase Kinase-3 (EC 2.7.11.26).	2.25	1	0	alkaloid; beta-carbolines; isoquinolines	anti-HSV-2 agent; EC 2.7.11.26 (tau-protein kinase) inhibitor; metabolite
tak-220 TAK-220: structure in first source	2.6	1	0
gallocatechin-3-gallate gallocatechin gallate: structure in first source. (+)-gallocatechin gallate : A gallate ester obtained by formal condensation of the carboxy group of gallic acid with the (3S)-hydroxy group of (+)-gallocatechin.	7.31	1	0	catechin; gallate ester; polyphenol	plant metabolite
jtk-303 [no description available]	2.6	1	0	aromatic ether; monochlorobenzenes; organofluorine compound; quinolinemonocarboxylic acid; quinolone	HIV-1 integrase inhibitor
nbd 557 [no description available]	2.6	1	0
sphingosine sphing-4-enine : A sphingenine in which the C=C double bond is located at the 4-position.. sphingenine : A 2-aminooctadecene-1,3-diol having (2S,3R)-configuration.. sphingoid : Sphinganine, its homologs and stereoisomers, and the hydroxy and unsaturated derivatives of these compounds.. 2-aminooctadec-4-ene-1,3-diol : A 2-aminooctadecene-1,3-diol having its double bond at position 4.	2.42	2	0	sphing-4-enine	human metabolite; mouse metabolite
quercetin [no description available]	8.97	12	0	7-hydroxyflavonol; pentahydroxyflavone	antibacterial agent; antineoplastic agent; antioxidant; Aurora kinase inhibitor; chelator; EC 1.10.99.2 [ribosyldihydronicotinamide dehydrogenase (quinone)] inhibitor; geroprotector; phytoestrogen; plant metabolite; protein kinase inhibitor; radical scavenger
dinoprostone prostaglandin E2 : Prostaglandin F2alpha in which the hydroxy group at position 9 has been oxidised to the corresponding ketone. Prostaglandin E2 is the most common and most biologically potent of mammalian prostaglandins.	2.53	2	0	prostaglandins E	human metabolite; mouse metabolite; oxytocic
formononetin [no description available]	2.07	1	0	4'-methoxyisoflavones; 7-hydroxyisoflavones	phytoestrogen; plant metabolite
sterigmatocystin [no description available]	2.68	3	0	sterigmatocystins	metabolite
vitexin [no description available]	2.04	1	0	C-glycosyl compound; trihydroxyflavone	antineoplastic agent; EC 3.2.1.20 (alpha-glucosidase) inhibitor; plant metabolite; platelet aggregation inhibitor
apigenin Chamomile: Common name for several daisy-like plants (MATRICARIA; TRIPLEUROSPERMUM; ANTHEMIS; CHAMAEMELUM) native to Europe and Western Asia, now naturalized in the United States and Australia.	2.44	2	0	trihydroxyflavone	antineoplastic agent; metabolite
luteolin [no description available]	3.9	3	0	3'-hydroxyflavonoid; tetrahydroxyflavone	angiogenesis inhibitor; anti-inflammatory agent; antineoplastic agent; apoptosis inducer; c-Jun N-terminal kinase inhibitor; EC 2.3.1.85 (fatty acid synthase) inhibitor; immunomodulator; nephroprotective agent; plant metabolite; radical scavenger; vascular endothelial growth factor receptor antagonist
7,3'-dihydroxy-4'-methoxyisoflavone 7,3'-dihydroxy-4'-methoxyisoflavone: isolated from Astragali radix; structure in first source. calycosin : A member of the class of 7-hydroxyisoflavones that is 7-hydroxyisoflavone which is substituted by an additional hydroxy group at the 3' position and a methoxy group at the 4' position.	2.07	1	0	4'-methoxyisoflavones; 7-hydroxyisoflavones	antioxidant; metabolite
quercitrin [no description available]	2.17	1	0	alpha-L-rhamnoside; monosaccharide derivative; quercetin O-glycoside; tetrahydroxyflavone	antileishmanial agent; antioxidant; EC 1.1.1.184 [carbonyl reductase (NADPH)] inhibitor; EC 1.1.1.21 (aldehyde reductase) inhibitor; EC 1.14.18.1 (tyrosinase) inhibitor; plant metabolite
beta carotene beta Carotene: A carotenoid that is a precursor of VITAMIN A. Beta carotene is administered to reduce the severity of photosensitivity reactions in patients with erythropoietic protoporphyria (PORPHYRIA, ERYTHROPOIETIC).. provitamin A : A provitamin that can be converted into vitamin A by enzymes from animal tissues.	2.08	1	0	carotenoid beta-end derivative; cyclic carotene	antioxidant; biological pigment; cofactor; ferroptosis inhibitor; human metabolite; mouse metabolite; plant metabolite; provitamin A
3-(4-hydroxyphenyl)-1-propane 3-(4-hydroxyphenyl)-1-propane: structure given in first source. trans-p-coumaryl alcohol : 4-Hydroxycinnamyl alcohol with E-configuration of the propenyl double bond. It is one of the main monolignols.. 4-hydroxycinnamyl alcohol : A primary alcohol being cinnamyl alcohol hydroxylated at C-4 of the phenyl ring.	2.13	1	0	4-hydroxycinnamyl alcohol; phenols; phenylpropanoid	monolignol
coniferaldehyde coniferaldehyde: from aqueous extract of Senra incana. coniferyl aldehyde : A member of the class of cinnamaldehydes that is cinnamaldehyde substituted by a hydroxy group at position 4 and a methoxy group at position 3.	2.76	3	0	cinnamaldehydes; guaiacols; phenylpropanoid	antifungal agent; plant metabolite
feruloyltyramine feruloyltyramine: structure given in first source; isolated from Cannabis sativa seeds, roots, leaves, and resin; induces hypothermia and motor incoordination in mice; moupinamide is (E)-isomer	2.47	2	0	tyramines	metabolite
5'-o-caffeoylquinic acid trans-5-O-caffeoyl-D-quinic acid : A cinnamate ester obtained by formal condensation of the carboxy group of trans-caffeic acid with the 5-hydroxy group of quinic acid.	2.6	1	0	cinnamate ester; cyclitol carboxylic acid	plant metabolite
luteolin-7-glucoside luteolin-7-glucoside: has both antiasthmatic and antineoplastic activities; has 3C protease inhibitory activity; isolated from Ligustrum lucidum. luteolin 7-O-beta-D-glucoside : A glycosyloxyflavone that is luteolin substituted by a beta-D-glucopyranosyl moiety at position 7 via a glycosidic linkage.	2.8	3	0	beta-D-glucoside; glycosyloxyflavone; monosaccharide derivative; trihydroxyflavone	antioxidant; plant metabolite
chrysoeriol chrysoeriol: isolated from leaves of Eurya japonica & E. emarginata. 4',5,7-trihydroxy-3'-methoxyflavone : The 3'-O-methyl derivative of luteolin.	2.03	1	0	monomethoxyflavone; trihydroxyflavone	antineoplastic agent; antioxidant; metabolite
cyclosporine [no description available]	2.6	1	0
stigmasterol stigmasta-5,22-dien-3-ol: isolated from freeze-dried powder of Blackberries (Rubus ursinus L.) which showed an activity on inhibition of chemocarcinogen. stigmasterol : A 3beta-sterol that consists of 3beta-hydroxystigmastane having double bonds at the 5,6- and 22,23-positions.	2.21	1	0	3beta-hydroxy-Delta(5)-steroid; 3beta-sterol; phytosterols; stigmastane sterol	plant metabolite
quercetin 3-o-glucopyranoside quercetin 3-O-glucopyranoside: structure in first source. quercetin 3-O-beta-D-glucopyranoside : A quercetin O-glucoside that is quercetin with a beta-D-glucosyl residue attached at position 3. Isolated from Lepisorus contortus, it exhibits antineoplastic activityand has been found to decrease the rate of polymerization and sickling of red blood cells	2.45	2	0	beta-D-glucoside; monosaccharide derivative; quercetin O-glucoside; tetrahydroxyflavone	antineoplastic agent; antioxidant; antipruritic drug; bone density conservation agent; geroprotector; histamine antagonist; osteogenesis regulator; plant metabolite
rutin Hydroxyethylrutoside: Monohydroxyethyl derivative of rutin. Peripheral circulation stimulant used in treatment of venous disorders.	4.1	4	0	disaccharide derivative; quercetin O-glucoside; rutinoside; tetrahydroxyflavone	antioxidant; metabolite
kaempferol [no description available]	2.98	4	0	7-hydroxyflavonol; flavonols; tetrahydroxyflavone	antibacterial agent; geroprotector; human blood serum metabolite; human urinary metabolite; human xenobiotic metabolite; plant metabolite
alpha-linolenic acid linolenic acid : A two-membered subclass of octadecatrienoic acid comprising the (9Z,12Z,15Z)- and (6Z,9Z,12Z)-isomers. Linolenic acids are nutrients essential to the formation of prostaglandins and are also used in making paints and synthetic resins.. linolenate : A polyunsaturated fatty acid anion obtained by deprotonation of the carboxy group of either alpha- or gamma-linolenic acid.	2.11	1	0	linolenic acid; omega-3 fatty acid	micronutrient; mouse metabolite; nutraceutical
harmine Harmine: Alkaloid isolated from seeds of PEGANUM HARMALA; ZYGOPHYLLACEAE. It is identical to banisterine, or telepathine, from Banisteria caapi and is one of the active ingredients of hallucinogenic drinks made in the western Amazon region from related plants. It has no therapeutic use, but (as banisterine) was hailed as a cure for postencephalitic PARKINSON DISEASE in the 1920's.. harmine : A harmala alkaloid in which the harman skeleton is methoxy-substituted at C-7.	2.6	1	0	harmala alkaloid	anti-HIV agent; EC 1.4.3.4 (monoamine oxidase) inhibitor; metabolite
genistein [no description available]	2.25	1	0	7-hydroxyisoflavones	antineoplastic agent; EC 5.99.1.3 [DNA topoisomerase (ATP-hydrolysing)] inhibitor; geroprotector; human urinary metabolite; phytoestrogen; plant metabolite; tyrosine kinase inhibitor
amphotericin b Amphotericin B: Macrolide antifungal antibiotic produced by Streptomyces nodosus obtained from soil of the Orinoco river region of Venezuela.. amphotericin B : A macrolide antibiotic used to treat potentially life-threatening fungal infections.	2.11	1	0	antibiotic antifungal drug; macrolide antibiotic; polyene antibiotic	antiamoebic agent; antiprotozoal drug; bacterial metabolite
eprosartan eprosartan: angiotensin II receptor antagonist. eprosartan : A member of the class of imidazoles and thiophenes that is an angiotensin II receptor antagonist used for the treatment of high blood pressure.	2.6	1	0	dicarboxylic acid; imidazoles; thiophenes	angiotensin receptor antagonist; antihypertensive agent; environmental contaminant; xenobiotic
mycophenolate mofetil mycophenolate mofetil : A carboxylic ester resulting from the formal condensation between the carboxylic acid group of mycophenolic acid and the hydroxy group of 2-(morpholin-4-yl)ethanol. In the liver, it is metabolised to mycophenolic acid, an immunosuppressant for which it is a prodrug. It is widely used to prevent tissue rejection following organ transplants as well as for the treatment of certain autoimmune diseases.	2.6	1	0	carboxylic ester; ether; gamma-lactone; phenols; tertiary amino compound	anticoronaviral agent; EC 1.1.1.205 (IMP dehydrogenase) inhibitor; immunosuppressive agent; prodrug
entacapone entacapone: structure given in first source. entacapone : A monocarboxylic acid amide that is N,N-diethylprop-2-enamide in which the hydrogen at position 2 is substituted by a cyano group and the hydrogen at the 3E position is substituted by a 3,4-dihydroxy-5-nitrophenyl group.	2.6	1	0	2-nitrophenols; catechols; monocarboxylic acid amide; nitrile	antidyskinesia agent; antiparkinson drug; central nervous system drug; EC 2.1.1.6 (catechol O-methyltransferase) inhibitor
gardenia yellow gardenia yellow: extract of gardenia fruit; RN given refers to cpd with unknown MF. crocin-1 : A diester that is crocetin in which both of the carboxy groups have been converted to their gentiobiosyl esters. It is one of the water-soluble yellow-red pigments of saffron and is used as a spice for flavouring and colouring food. Note that in India, the term 'Crocin' is also used by GlaxoSmithKline as a brand-name for paracetamol.	2.01	1	0	diester; disaccharide derivative; diterpenoid	antioxidant; food colouring; histological dye; plant metabolite
hispidol hispidol : A hydroxyaurone that is aurone substituted by hydroxy groups at positions 6 and 4' respectively.	3.27	1	0	hydroxyaurone	plant metabolite
spinasterol spinasterol: RN given refers to alpha-spinasterol ((3beta,5alpha,22E)-isomer)	2.21	1	0	steroid
esculetin esculetin: used in filters for absorption of ultraviolet light; structure. esculetin : A hydroxycoumarin that is umbelliferone in which the hydrogen at position 6 is substituted by a hydroxy group. It is used in filters for absorption of ultraviolet light.	3.57	2	0	hydroxycoumarin	antioxidant; plant metabolite; ultraviolet filter
7-hydroxycoumarin 7-oxycoumarin: derivatives have anti-oxidant properties. umbelliferone : A hydroxycoumarin that is coumarin substituted by a hydroxy group ay position 7.	2.25	1	0	hydroxycoumarin	fluorescent probe; food component; plant metabolite
amentoflavone [no description available]	2.6	1	0	biflavonoid; hydroxyflavone; ring assembly	angiogenesis inhibitor; antiviral agent; cathepsin B inhibitor; P450 inhibitor; plant metabolite
baicalein [no description available]	7.79	3	0	trihydroxyflavone	angiogenesis inhibitor; anti-inflammatory agent; antibacterial agent; anticoronaviral agent; antifungal agent; antineoplastic agent; antioxidant; apoptosis inducer; EC 1.13.11.31 (arachidonate 12-lipoxygenase) inhibitor; EC 1.13.11.33 (arachidonate 15-lipoxygenase) inhibitor; EC 3.4.21.26 (prolyl oligopeptidase) inhibitor; EC 3.4.22.69 (SARS coronavirus main proteinase) inhibitor; EC 4.1.1.17 (ornithine decarboxylase) inhibitor; ferroptosis inhibitor; geroprotector; hormone antagonist; plant metabolite; prostaglandin antagonist; radical scavenger
galangin 5,7-dihydroxyflavonol: antimicrobial from the twigs of Populus nigra x Populus deltoides; structure in first source. galangin : A 7-hydroxyflavonol with additional hydroxy groups at positions 3 and 5 respectively; a growth inhibitor of breast tumor cells.	2.05	1	0	7-hydroxyflavonol; trihydroxyflavone	antimicrobial agent; EC 3.1.1.3 (triacylglycerol lipase) inhibitor; plant metabolite
genkwanin genkwanin: structure. genkwanin : A monomethoxyflavone that is apigenin in which the hydroxy group at position 7 is methylated.	2.6	1	0	dihydroxyflavone; monomethoxyflavone	metabolite
euxanthone euxanthone : A member of the class of xanthones that is 9H-xanthene substituted by hydroxy group at positions 1 and 7 and an oxo group at position 9. It has been isolated from Cratoxylum cochinchinense.	2.31	1	0	phenols; xanthones	metabolite; plant metabolite
hyperoside quercetin 3-O-beta-D-galactopyranoside : A quercetin O-glycoside that is quercetin with a beta-D-galactosyl residue attached at position 3. Isolated from Artemisia capillaris, it exhibits hepatoprotective activity.	2.6	1	0	beta-D-galactoside; monosaccharide derivative; quercetin O-glycoside; tetrahydroxyflavone	hepatoprotective agent; plant metabolite
mangostin mangostin: xanthone from rind of Garcinia mangostana Linn. fruit. alpha-mangostin : A member of the class of xanthones that is 9H-xanthene substituted by hydroxy group at positions 1, 3 and 6, a methoxy group at position 7, an oxo group at position 9 and prenyl groups at positions 2 and 8. Isolated from the stems of Cratoxylum cochinchinense, it exhibits antioxidant, antimicrobial and antitumour activities.	2.6	1	0	aromatic ether; phenols; xanthones	antimicrobial agent; antineoplastic agent; antioxidant; plant metabolite
3-methylquercetin isorhamnetin : A monomethoxyflavone that is quercetin in which the hydroxy group at position 3' is replaced by a methoxy group.	2.6	1	0	7-hydroxyflavonol; monomethoxyflavone; tetrahydroxyflavone	anticoagulant; EC 1.14.18.1 (tyrosinase) inhibitor; metabolite
kaempferide kaempferide: structure in first source. kaempferide : A monomethoxyflavone that is the 4'-O-methyl derivative of kaempferol.	2.53	2	0	7-hydroxyflavonol; monomethoxyflavone; trihydroxyflavone	antihypertensive agent; metabolite
morusin morusin: from Morus root bark; structure given in first source. morusin : An extended flavonoid that is flavone substituted by hydroxy groups at positions 5, 2' and 4', a prenyl group at position 3 and a 2,2-dimethyl pyran group across positions 7 and 8.	2.04	1	0	extended flavonoid; trihydroxyflavone	antineoplastic agent; plant metabolite
myricetin [no description available]	2.17	1	0	7-hydroxyflavonol; hexahydroxyflavone	antineoplastic agent; antioxidant; cyclooxygenase 1 inhibitor; food component; geroprotector; hypoglycemic agent; plant metabolite
myricitrin myricitrin: isolated from root bark of Myrica cerifera L.; structure. myricitrin : A glycosyloxyflavone that consists of myricetin attached to a alpha-L-rhamnopyranosyl residue at position 3 via a glycosidic linkage. Isolated from Myrica cerifera, it exhibits anti-allergic activity.	2.55	2	0	alpha-L-rhamnoside; glycosyloxyflavone; monosaccharide derivative; pentahydroxyflavone	anti-allergic agent; EC 1.14.13.39 (nitric oxide synthase) inhibitor; EC 2.7.11.13 (protein kinase C) inhibitor; plant metabolite
orientin orientin: structure given in first source; RN given refers to the (D-glucopyranosyl)-isomer. orientin : A C-glycosyl compound that is luteolin substituted by a beta-D-glucopyranosyl moiety at position 8.	2.6	1	0	3'-hydroxyflavonoid; C-glycosyl compound; tetrahydroxyflavone	antioxidant; metabolite
scutellarein scutellarein: aglycone of scutellarin from Scutellaria baicalensis; carthamidin is 2S isomer of scutellarein; do not confuse with isoscutellarein and/or isocarthamidin which are respective regioisomers, or with the scutelarin protein. scutellarein : Flavone substituted with hydroxy groups at C-4', -5, -6 and -7.	2.6	1	0	tetrahydroxyflavone	metabolite
trans-2,3',4,5'-tetrahydroxystilbene trans-2,3',4,5'-tetrahydroxystilbene: hydroxystilbene oxyresveratrol	4.8	5	0	stilbenoid
polydatin trans-piceid : A stilbenoid that is trans-resveratrol substituted at position 3 by a beta-D-glucosyl residue.	2.6	1	0	beta-D-glucoside; monosaccharide derivative; polyphenol; stilbenoid	anti-arrhythmia drug; antioxidant; geroprotector; hepatoprotective agent; metabolite; nephroprotective agent; potassium channel modulator
chicoric acid chicoric acid: inhibits HIV-1 integrase	2.6	1	0	organooxygen compound	geroprotector; HIV-1 integrase inhibitor
rosmarinic acid rosmarinic acid: RN given refers to parent cpd; promote OT project. (R)-rosmarinic acid : A stereoisomer of rosmarinic acid having (R)-configuration.. rosmarinic acid : The 1-carboxy-2-(2,4-dihydroxyphenyl)ethyl ester of trans-caffeic acid.	2.05	1	0	rosmarinic acid	geroprotector; plant metabolite
acteoside acteoside: a protein kinase C inhibitor with hepatoprotective, anti-asthmatic, and analgesic activities; a phenylethanoid glycoside related to isoacteoside; from leaves of Lippia multiflora (Verbenaceae). acteoside : A glycoside that is the alpha-L-rhamnosyl-(1->3)-beta-D-glucoside of hydroxytyrosol in which the hydroxy group at position 4 of the glucopyranosyl moiety has undergone esterification by formal condensation with trans-caffeic acid.	2.52	2	0	catechols; cinnamate ester; disaccharide derivative; glycoside; polyphenol	anti-inflammatory agent; antibacterial agent; antileishmanial agent; neuroprotective agent; plant metabolite
ellagic acid [no description available]	2.31	1	0	catechols; cyclic ketone; lactone; organic heterotetracyclic compound; polyphenol	antioxidant; EC 1.14.18.1 (tyrosinase) inhibitor; EC 2.3.1.5 (arylamine N-acetyltransferase) inhibitor; EC 2.4.1.1 (glycogen phosphorylase) inhibitor; EC 2.5.1.18 (glutathione transferase) inhibitor; EC 2.7.1.127 (inositol-trisphosphate 3-kinase) inhibitor; EC 2.7.1.151 (inositol-polyphosphate multikinase) inhibitor; EC 2.7.4.6 (nucleoside-diphosphate kinase) inhibitor; EC 2.7.7.7 (DNA-directed DNA polymerase) inhibitor; EC 5.99.1.2 (DNA topoisomerase) inhibitor; EC 5.99.1.3 [DNA topoisomerase (ATP-hydrolysing)] inhibitor; food additive; fungal metabolite; geroprotector; plant metabolite; skin lightening agent
astragalin kaempferol-3-O-glucoside: isolated from the pit of Mahkota dewa; structure in first source. kaempferol 3-O-beta-D-glucoside : A kaempferol O-glucoside in which a glucosyl residue is attached at position 3 of kaempferol via a beta-glycosidic linkage.	2.43	2	0	beta-D-glucoside; kaempferol O-glucoside; monosaccharide derivative; trihydroxyflavone	plant metabolite; trypanocidal drug
kaempferol-3-o-galactoside kaempferol-3-O-galactoside: isolated from Ardisia pusilla; RN given refers to (3-(beta-D-galactopyranosyloxy))-isomer. kaempferol 3-O-beta-D-galactoside : A beta-D-galactoside compound with a 4',5,7-trihydroxychromen-3-yl group at the anomeric position.	2.01	1	0	beta-D-galactoside; glycosyloxyflavone; monosaccharide derivative; trihydroxyflavone	antifungal agent; plant metabolite
ozagrel ozagrel: RN refers to (E)-isomer	2.13	1	0	cinnamic acids
sphingosine 1-phosphate sphingosine 1-phosphate: RN given refers to (R-(R,S-(E)))-isomer; RN for cpd without isomeric designation not available 8/89. sphingosine 1-phosphate : A phosphosphingolipid that consists of sphingosine having a phospho group attached at position 1	2.01	1	0	sphingoid 1-phosphate	mouse metabolite; signalling molecule; sphingosine-1-phosphate receptor agonist; T-cell proliferation inhibitor; vasodilator agent
dorzolamide dorzolamide: topically effective ocular hypotensive carbonic anhydrase inhibitor; RN refers to mono-HCl (4S-trans)-isomer. dorzolamide : 5,6-Dihydro-4H-thieno[2,3-b]thiopyran-2-sulfonamide 7,7-dioxide in which hydrogens at the 4 and 6 positions are substituted by ethylamino and methyl groups, respectively (4S, trans-configuration). A carbonic anhydrase inhibitor, it is used as the hydrochloride in ophthalmic solutions to lower increased intraocular pressure in the treatment of open-angle glaucoma and ocular hypertension.	2.6	1	0	sulfonamide; thiophenes	antiglaucoma drug; antihypertensive agent; EC 4.2.1.1 (carbonic anhydrase) inhibitor
topiramate Topiramate: A sulfamate-substituted fructose analog that was originally identified as a hypoglycemic agent. It is used for the treatment of EPILEPSY and MIGRAINE DISORDERS, and may also promote weight loss.. topiramate : A hexose derivative that is 2,3:4,5-di-O-isopropylidene-beta-D-fructopyranose in which the hydroxy group has been converted to the corresponding sulfamate ester. It blocks voltage-dependent sodium channels and is used as an antiepileptic and for the prevention of migraine.	2.6	1	0	cyclic ketal; ketohexose derivative; sulfamate ester	anticonvulsant; sodium channel blocker
3',4',7-trihydroxyisoflavone 3',4',7-trihydroxyisoflavone: from Streptomyces sp OH-1049; structure given in first source. 3',4',7-trihydroxyisoflavone : A 7-hydroxyisoflavone that is daidzein substituted by a hydroxy group at position 3'.	2.07	1	0	7-hydroxyisoflavones	antineoplastic agent; EC 1.3.1.22 [3-oxo-5alpha-steroid 4-dehydrogenase (NADP(+))] inhibitor; metabolite
fenretinide Fenretinide: A synthetic retinoid that is used orally as a chemopreventive against prostate cancer and in women at risk of developing contralateral breast cancer. It is also effective as an antineoplastic agent.. 4-hydroxyphenyl retinamide : A retinoid obtained by formal condensation of the carboxy group of all-trans retinoic acid and the anilino group of 4-hydroxyaniline. Synthetic retinoid agonist. Antiproliferative, antioxidant and anticancer agent with a long half-life in vivo. Apoptotic effects appear to be mediated by a mechanism distinct from that of 'classical' retinoids.	2.5	2	0	monocarboxylic acid amide; retinoid	antineoplastic agent; antioxidant
clobetasol Clobetasol: A derivative of PREDNISOLONE with high glucocorticoid activity and low mineralocorticoid activity. Absorbed through the skin faster than FLUOCINONIDE, it is used topically in treatment of PSORIASIS but may cause marked adrenocortical suppression.. clobetasol : A 3-oxo-Delta(1),Delta(4)-steroid that is 16beta-methylpregna-1,4-diene-3,20-dione bearing hydroxy groups at the 11beta and 17alpha positions, fluorine at position 9, and a chlorine substituent at position 21. It is used as its 17alpha-propionate ester to treat various skin disorders, including exzema and psoriasis.	2.13	1	0	11beta-hydroxy steroid; 17alpha-hydroxy steroid; 20-oxo steroid; 3-oxo-Delta(1),Delta(4)-steroid; chlorinated steroid; fluorinated steroid; glucocorticoid; tertiary alpha-hydroxy ketone	anti-inflammatory drug; SMO receptor agonist
benzyloxycarbonyl-phe-ala-fluormethylketone cathepsin B inhibitor : A cysteine protease inhibitor which inhibits cathepsin B (EC 3.4.22.1).	2.6	1	0
n-(n-(3,5-difluorophenacetyl)alanyl)phenylglycine tert-butyl ester DAPT : A dipeptide consisting of alanylphenylglycine derivatised as a 3,5-difluorophenylacetamide at the amino terminal and a tert-butyl ester at the carboxy terminal. A gamma-secretase inhibitor.	2.6	1	0	carboxylic ester; difluorobenzene; dipeptide; tert-butyl ester	EC 3.4.23.46 (memapsin 2) inhibitor
casticin casticin: from fruit of Vitex rotundifolia; structure in second source. casticin : A tetramethoxyflavone that consists of quercetagetin in which the hydroxy groups at positions 3, 6, 7 and 4' have been replaced by methoxy groups. It has been isolated from Eremophila mitchellii.	2.6	1	0	dihydroxyflavone; tetramethoxyflavone	apoptosis inducer; plant metabolite
cinnamyl alcohol cinnamyl alcohol: RN given refers to parent cpd without isomeric designation. (E)-cinnamyl alcohol : The E (trans) stereoisomer of cinnamyl alcohol.. cinnamyl alcohol : A primary alcohol comprising an allyl core with a hydroxy substituent at the 1-position and a phenyl substituent at the 3-position (geometry of the C=C bond unspecified).	2.05	1	0	cinnamyl alcohol	plant metabolite
(E)-3-(2-Hydroxyphenyl)-2-propenal [no description available]	2.05	1	0	cinnamaldehydes
calycosin-7-o-beta-d-glucopyranoside calycosin-7-O-beta-D-glucoside: from Radix Astragali. calycosin-7-O-beta-D-glucoside : A glycosyloxyisoflavone that is calycosin substituted by a beta-D-glucopyranosyl residue at position at 7 via a glycosidic linkage.	2.07	1	0	4'-methoxyisoflavones; 7-hydroxyisoflavones 7-O-beta-D-glucoside; hydroxyisoflavone; monosaccharide derivative
isorhamnetin 3-o-glucoside isorhamnetin 3-O-glucoside: from the flowers of Persea gratissima; structure in first source. isorhamnetin 3-O-beta-D-glucopyranoside : A glycosyloxyflavone that is isorhamnetin substituted at position 3 by a beta-D-glucosyl residue.	2.03	1	0	beta-D-glucoside; glycosyloxyflavone; monomethoxyflavone; monosaccharide derivative; trihydroxyflavone	metabolite
kaempferol-3-o-rutinoside kaempferol-3-O-rutinoside: isolated from the methanolic extract of the whole plants of Diodia teres through repeated silica gel and Sephadex LH-20 column chromatography; structure in first source. kaempferol-3-rutinoside : A kaempferol O-glucoside that is kaempferol attached to a rutinosyl [6-deoxy-alpha-L-mannosyl-(1->6)-beta-D-glucosyl] residue at position 3 via a glycosidic linkage. It has been isolated from the leaves of Solanum campaniforme.	2.03	1	0	disaccharide derivative; kaempferol O-glucoside; rutinoside; trihydroxyflavone	metabolite; plant metabolite; radical scavenger
luteolin 4'-o-glucoside luteolin 4'-O-glucoside: from Kummerowia striata. luteolin-4'-O-beta-D-glucopyranoside : A glycosyloxyflavone that is luteolin substituted by a beta-D-glucopyranosyl residue at position 4' via a glycosidic linkage. It has been isolated from Olea europaea.	2.11	1	0	beta-D-glucoside; glycosyloxyflavone; monosaccharide derivative; trihydroxyflavone	plant metabolite
martynoside martynoside: isolated from Verbena bipinnatifida Nutt; structure in first source	2.03	1	0
methyl-p-coumarate methyl-p-coumarate: structure in first source. 4-coumaric acid methyl ester : A cinnamate ester that is the methyl ester of 4-coumaric acid.	4.22	2	0	4-coumaric acid methyl ester
cudraflavone c cudraflavone C: a tyrosinase inhibitor with antimicrobial activity; isolated from Artocarpus integer; structure in first source. cudraflavone C : A tetrahydroxyflavone that is flavone substituted by hydroxy groups at positions 5, 7, 2' and 4' and prenyl groups at positions 3 and 6. Isolated from Morus nigra, it exhibits antibacterial and cytotoxic activities.	2.07	1	0	tetrahydroxyflavone	antibacterial agent; antineoplastic agent; plant metabolite
neobavaisoflavone neobavaisoflavone: isolated from Psoralea corylifolia; structure in first source. neobavaisoflavone : A member of the class of 7-hydroxyisoflavones that is 7-hydroxyisoflavone with an additonal hydroxy group at position 4' and a prenyl group at position 3'. Isolated from seeds of Psoralea corylifolia, it exhibits inhibitory activity against DNA polymerase and platelet aggregation.	2.25	1	0	7-hydroxyisoflavones	antineoplastic agent; EC 2.7.7.7 (DNA-directed DNA polymerase) inhibitor; plant metabolite; platelet aggregation inhibitor
5,7-dihydroxy-6-methoxy-2-phenylchromen-4-one 5,7-dihydroxy-6-methoxy-2-phenylchromen-4-one: isolated from the Chinese herb Scutellariae radix. oroxylin A : A dihydroxy- and monomethoxy-flavone in which the hydroxy groups are positioned at C-5 and C-7 and the methoxy group is at C-6.	2.6	1	0	dihydroxyflavone; monomethoxyflavone	antineoplastic agent; EC 1.14.13.39 (nitric oxide synthase) inhibitor
tiliroside tiliroside: isolated from seeds of Eremocarpus setigerus	2.51	2	0	cinnamate ester; glycosyloxyflavone; monosaccharide derivative; trihydroxyflavone	plant metabolite
spiraeoside spiraeoside: from flowers of Filipendula ulmaria (L.); structure given in first source. quercetin 4'-O-beta-D-glucopyranoside : A quercetin O-glucoside that is quercetin with a beta-D-glucosyl residue attached at position 4'.	2.11	1	0	beta-D-glucoside; flavonols; monosaccharide derivative; quercetin O-glucoside; tetrahydroxyflavone	antineoplastic agent; antioxidant; plant metabolite
(E)-2,3,5,4'-tetrahydroxystilbene-2-O-beta-D-glucoside 2,3,5,4'-tetrahydroxystilbene-2-O-beta-D-glucopyranoside: Tyrosinase inhibitor from Polygonum multiflorum; structure in first source. (E)-2,3,5,4'-tetrahydroxystilbene-2-O-beta-D-glucoside : A stilbenoid that is trans-stilbene which has been substituted by hydroxy groups at positions 2, 3, 5, and 4', and in which the hydroxy group at positon 2 has then been converted to the corresponding the beta-D-glucoside.	2.85	3	0	beta-D-glucoside; resorcinols; stilbenoid	anti-inflammatory agent; antioxidant; apoptosis inhibitor; cardioprotective agent; cyclooxygenase 2 inhibitor; platelet aggregation inhibitor
tilianin tilianin: from several medicinal plants including Agastache rugosa and Dracocephalum moldavia	2.11	1	0
trilinolein trilinolein: RN given refers to (Z,Z)-isomer. 1,2,3-trilinoleoylglycerol : A triglyceride formed by acylation of the three hydroxy groups of glycerol with linoleic acid.	2.1	1	0	1,2-diacyl-3-linoleoylglycerol; 1,3-diacyl-2-linoleoylglycerol; linoleoyl containing 1,2,3-triacyl-sn-glycerol; TG(18:2/18:2/18:2); triglyceride	mouse metabolite
7,8-dimethylalloxazine 7,8-dimethylalloxazine: structure. 7,8-dimethylisoalloxazine : A 7,8-dimethylbenzo[g]pteridine-2,4-dione that is isoalloxazine substituted by methyl groups at positions 7 and 8.. lumichrome : A compound showing blue fluorescence, formed by a photolysis of riboflavin in acid or neutral solution.	2.15	1	0	7,8-dimethylbenzo[g]pteridine-2,4-dione	plant metabolite
ag 99 tyrphostin A46: epidermal growth factor-urogastrone receptor antagonist	2.11	1	0
tyrphostin ag 555 [no description available]	2.6	1	0
su 11248 [no description available]	3.25	1	0	monocarboxylic acid amide; pyrroles	angiogenesis inhibitor; antineoplastic agent; EC 2.7.10.1 (receptor protein-tyrosine kinase) inhibitor; immunomodulator; neuroprotective agent; vascular endothelial growth factor receptor antagonist
3-(4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)-n-(2-(4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)ethyl)-2-propenamide 3-(4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)-N-(2-(4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)ethyl)-2-propenamide: found in high concentration in Spinacia oleracea following administration of diphenyl ether herbicides; structure in first source; RN given refers to cpd without isomeric designation	2.06	1	0	hydroxycinnamic acid	metabolite
lead Lead: A soft, grayish metal with poisonous salts; atomic number 82, atomic weight 207.2, symbol Pb.	2.6	1	0	carbon group element atom; elemental lead; metal atom	neurotoxin
tin [no description available]	2.21	1	0	carbon group element atom; elemental tin; metal atom	micronutrient
pd 151746 [no description available]	2.6	1	0
2,4,3',5'-tetramethoxystilbene 2,4,3',5'-tetramethoxystilbene: potent inhibitor of human cytochrome P450 1B1; an antihypertensive agent; structure in first source	2.03	1	0
flavokawain a flavokawain A: from kava extract, induces apoptosis in bladder cancer cells; structure in first source	2.11	1	0	chalcones
flavokawain b flavokawain B: from Piper methysticum Forst (Kava Kava) roots; structure in first source. flavokawain B : A member of the class of chalcones that consists of trans-chalcone substituted by hydroxy group at positions 2' and methoxy groups at positions 4' and 6'. Isolated from Piper methysticum and Piper rusbyi, it exhibits antileishmanial, anti-inflammatory and antineoplastic activities.	2.11	1	0	chalcones; dimethoxybenzene; phenols	anti-inflammatory agent; antileishmanial agent; antineoplastic agent; apoptosis inducer; metabolite
aluminum Aluminum: A metallic element that has the atomic number 13, atomic symbol Al, and atomic weight 26.98.	8.19	5	0	boron group element atom; elemental aluminium; metal atom
indium Indium: A metallic element, atomic number 49, atomic weight 114.818, symbol In. It is named from its blue line in the spectrum.. indium atom : A metallic element first identified and named from the brilliant indigo (Latin indicum) blue line in its flame spectrum.	7.05	1	0	boron group element atom
alternariol monomethyl ether djalonensone : A benzochromenone that is alternariol in which the hydroxy group at position 9 has been converted into the corresponding methyl ether. A natural product found in Chaetomium globosum as well as being one of the two most important compounds belonging to the group of Altenaria mycotoxins.	2.25	1	0	aromatic ether; benzochromenone	antifungal agent; fungal metabolite; mycotoxin
gallium Gallium: A rare, metallic element designated by the symbol, Ga, atomic number 31, and atomic weight 69.72.. gallium atom : A metallic element predicted as eka-aluminium by Mendeleev in 1870 and discovered by Paul-Emile Lecoq de Boisbaudran in 1875. Named in honour of France (Latin Gallia) and perhaps also from the Latin gallus cock, a translation of Lecoq.	7.6	1	0	boron group element atom
lisinopril Lisinopril: One of the ANGIOTENSIN-CONVERTING ENZYME INHIBITORS (ACE inhibitors), orally active, that has been used in the treatment of hypertension and congestive heart failure.	2.6	1	0	dipeptide	EC 3.4.15.1 (peptidyl-dipeptidase A) inhibitor
verteporfin (2R,2(1)S)-8-ethenyl-2(1),2(2)-bis(methoxycarbonyl)-17-(3-methoxy-3-oxopropyl)-2,7,12,18-tetramethyl-2,2(1)-dihydrobenzo[b]porphyrin-13-propanoic acid : The 2(1),2(2),17-trimethyl ester of (2R,2(1)S)-2(1),2(2)-dicarboxy-8-ethenyl-2,7,12,18-tetramethyl-2,2(1)-dihydrobenzo[b]porphyrin-13,17-dipropanoic acid.	2.6	1	0
batimastat batimastat: structure given in first source; a synthetic matrix metalloproteinase inhibitor. batimastat : A secondary carboxamide resulting from the formal condensation of the carboxy group of (2S,3R)-5-methyl-3-{[(2S)-1-(methylamino)-1-oxo-3-phenylpropan-2-yl]carbamoyl}-2-[(thiophen-2-ylsulfanyl)methyl]hexanoic acid with the amino group of hydroxylamine. It a broad-spectrum matrix metalloprotease inhibitor.	2.6	1	0	hydroxamic acid; L-phenylalanine derivative; organic sulfide; secondary carboxamide; thiophenes; triamide	angiogenesis inhibitor; antineoplastic agent; matrix metalloproteinase inhibitor
indinavir sulfate Indinavir: A potent and specific HIV protease inhibitor that appears to have good oral bioavailability.	2.6	1	0	dicarboxylic acid diamide; N-(2-hydroxyethyl)piperazine; piperazinecarboxamide	HIV protease inhibitor
retinamide retinamide: metabolite of tretinoin	2.1	1	0
n-(4-hydroxy-beta-phenethyl)-4-hydroxycinnamide trans-N-p-coumaroyl tyramine: from the twigs of Celtis chinensis; structure in first source	2.49	2	0	hydroxycinnamic acid	metabolite
5-(4-methoxybenzylidene)thiazolidine-2,4-dione 5-(4-methoxybenzylidene)thiazolidine-2,4-dione: used to treat concanavalin A-induced liver injury; structure in first source	2.07	1	0
1-hydroxyxanthone 1-hydroxyxanthone: structure in first source	2.31	1	0
2',4'-dihydroxychalcone 2',4'-dihydroxychalcone: RN given refers to (E)-isomer; RN for cpd without isomeric designation not available 6/89; structure given in first source	2.46	2	0
2-formylpyridine thiosemicarbazone 2-formylpyridine thiosemicarbazone: structure; RN given refers to parent cpd without isomeric designation	2.06	1	0
luffariellolide luffariellolide: structure given in first source; a partially reversible phospholipase A2 inhibitor; a major metabolite of the sponge Luffariella; do not confuse with luffolide, a minor metabolite of the same species	2.25	1	0	diterpene lactone
serratin serratin: isolated from the essential oil of Clerodendron serratum; structure in first source	2.15	1	0	neoflavonoid
artocarpin lectin artocarpin lectin: a mannose-specific lectin; from the seeds of Artocarpus integrifolia; a homotetramic protein distinct from jacalin, another jackfruit lectin; MW 65 kDa; devoid of covalently-attached carbohydrates; consists of 4 isolectins with pI 5 - 6.5; do not confuse with artocarpin flavone. artocarpin : A trihydroxyflavone that is flavone substituted by hydroxy groups at positions 5, 2', and 4', a methoxy group at position 7, a prenyl group at position 3 and a (1E)-3-methylbut-1-enyl group at position 6. Isolated from Artocarpus heterophyllus and Artocarpus integrifolia, it exhibits antineoplastic activity.	2.46	2	0	monomethoxyflavone; trihydroxyflavone	antineoplastic agent; metabolite
n-(p-coumaroyl)serotonin N-(p-coumaroyl)serotonin: structure in first source	2.06	1	0	carboxamide; hydroxyindoles
fumarates Fumarates: Compounds based on fumaric acid.. fumarate(2-) : A C4-dicarboxylate that is the E-isomer of but-2-enedioate(2-)	2.13	1	0	butenedioate; C4-dicarboxylate	human metabolite; metabolite; Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite
cysteine Cysteine: A thiol-containing non-essential amino acid that is oxidized to form CYSTINE.. L-cysteinium : The L-enantiomer of cysteinium.. cysteine : A sulfur-containing amino acid that is propanoic acid with an amino group at position 2 and a sulfanyl group at position 3.	2.75	3	0	cysteinium	fundamental metabolite
silicon Silicon: A trace element that constitutes about 27.6% of the earth's crust in the form of SILICON DIOXIDE. It does not occur free in nature. Silicon has the atomic symbol Si, atomic number 14, and atomic weight [28.084; 28.086].	2.06	1	0	carbon group element atom; metalloid atom; nonmetal atom
boron Boron: A trace element with the atomic symbol B, atomic number 5, and atomic weight [10.806; 10.821]. Boron-10, an isotope of boron, is used as a neutron absorber in BORON NEUTRON CAPTURE THERAPY.	3.08	1	0	boron group element atom; metalloid atom; nonmetal atom	micronutrient
2,2'-azino-di-(3-ethylbenzothiazoline)-6-sulfonic acid 2,2'-azino-di-(3-ethylbenzothiazoline)-6-sulfonic acid: chromogen in glucose oxidase-peroxidase method for determining serum glucose; used in free radical scavenging assays; structure in first source	2.73	3	0
4',7,8-trihydroxyisoflavone 4',7,8-trihydroxyisoflavone: from Streptomyces sp OH-1049; structure given in first source	2.07	1	0	isoflavones
4,4'-dihydroxychalcone 4,4'-dihydroxychalcone: structure	2.05	1	0
bakuchiol bakuchiol: chief component of Psoralea corylifolia Linn; structure	2.25	1	0
solanesol solanesol : A nonaprenol that is hexatriaconta-2,6,10,14,18,22,26,30,34-nonaen-1-ol substituted by 9 methyl groups at positions 3, 7, 11, 15, 19, 23, 27, 31 and 35 (the all-trans0stereoisomer).	2.6	1	0	nonaprenol; primary alcohol	plant metabolite
pepstatin pepstatin: inhibits the aspartic protease endothiapepsin	2.6	1	0	pentapeptide; secondary carboxamide	bacterial metabolite; EC 3.4.23.* (aspartic endopeptidase) inhibitor
l 685458 L 685458: a gamma-secretase inhibitor; structure in first source. L-685,458 : A peptide and carboxamide that is L-leucyl-L-phenylalaninamide, L-Leu-L-Phe-NH2, which has been acylated on the N-terminus by a Phe-Phe hydroxyethylene dipeptide isotere, 2R-benzyl-5S-tert-butoxycarbonylamino-4R-hydroxy-6-phenylhexanoic acid. Compounds based on the structure of L-685,458 are potent inhibitors of gamma-secretase, which mediates the final catalytic step that generates the amyloid beta-peptide (Abeta), which assembles into the neurotoxic aggregates in the brains of sufferers of Alzheimer's disease.	2.6	1	0	carbamate ester; monocarboxylic acid amide; peptide; secondary alcohol	EC 3.4.23.46 (memapsin 2) inhibitor; peptidomimetic
narcissin flavonol narcissin flavonol: flavanol glycoside from Strumpfia maritima; do not confuse with other narcissin in Chemline, an alkaloid (lycorine (NM))	2.03	1	0	disaccharide derivative; glycosyloxyflavone; monomethoxyflavone; trihydroxyflavone
Norartocarpetin [no description available]	2.77	3	0	flavones
thiamethoxam [no description available]	2.06	1	0
bms 806 BMS 806: prevents entry of HIV into cells by binding HIV envelope protein gp120; no further info available 4/2002	2.6	1	0
n-acetylsphingosine N-acetylsphingosine: inhibits phospholipase D. N-acetylsphingosine : A N-acylsphingosine that has an acetamido group at position 2.	2.01	1	0	N-acylsphingosine
benzyloxycarbonylvalyl-alanyl-aspartyl fluoromethyl ketone [no description available]	2.6	1	0
tulobuterol hydrochloride [no description available]	2.6	1	0	organic molecular entity
2',3,4-trihydroxychalcone 2',3,4-trihydroxychalcone: structure given in first source	2.03	1	0	catechols; chalcones
salubrinal salubrinal: prevents dephosphorylation of eIF2alpha; structure in first source. salubrinal : A member of the class of quinolines that is a mixed aminal resulting from the formal condensation oftrichloroacetaldehyde with the amide nitrogen of trans-cinnamamide and the primary amino group of 1-quinolin-8-ylthiourea. It is a selective inhibitor of cellular complexes that dephosphorylate eukaryotic translation initiation factor 2 subunit alpha (eIF2alpha).	2.6	1	0	aminal; organochlorine compound; quinolines; secondary carboxamide; thioureas
3,4-dihydroxy-xanthone 3,4-dihydroxy-xanthone: structure given in first source	2.31	1	0
n-feruloylserotonin N-feruloylserotonin: structure in first source. N-feruloylserotonin : A member of the class of hydroxyindoles that is the N-feruloyl derivative of serotonin.	2.46	2	0	aromatic ether; cinnamamides; hydroxyindoles; phenols; secondary carboxamide	plant metabolite
kresoxim-methyl kresoxim-methyl: strobilurin analogue; an industrial fungicide. kresoxim-methyl : A carboxylic ester that is the methyl ester of (2E)-(methoxyimino){2-[(2-methylphenoxy)methyl]phenyl}acetic acid. A fungicide for the control of scab on apples and pears and other fungal diseases on a wide range of crops.	2.08	1	0	aromatic ether; methoxyiminoacetate strobilurin antifungal agent; methyl ester; oxime O-ether	antifungal agrochemical; environmental contaminant; mitochondrial cytochrome-bc1 complex inhibitor; xenobiotic
caffeoylmalic acid caffeoylmalic acid: from extracts of Chelidonium majus & Corydalis lutea	2.03	1	0	hydroxycinnamic acid
flavokawain C flavokawain C: antineoplastic from roots of Kava (Piper methysticum Forst); structure in first source	2.11	1	0	chalcones
allylsilane allylsilane: structure in first source	3.18	1	0
oxalates Oxalates: Derivatives of OXALIC ACID. Included under this heading are a broad variety of acid forms, salts, esters, and amides that are derived from the ethanedioic acid structure.	1.98	1	0
antimycin a Antimycin A: An antibiotic substance produced by Streptomyces species. It inhibits mitochondrial respiration and may deplete cellular levels of ATP. Antimycin A1 has been used as a fungicide, insecticide, and miticide. (From Merck Index, 12th ed). antimycin A : A nine-membered bis-lactone having methyl substituents at the 2- and 6-positions, an n-hexyl substituent at the 8-position, an acyloxy substituent at the 7-position and an aroylamido substituent at the 3-position. It is produced by Streptomyces bacteria and has found commercial use as a fish poison.	2.08	1	0	amidobenzoic acid
pyrachlostrobin pyraclostrobin : A carbamate ester that is the methyl ester of [2-({[1-(4-chlorophenyl)-1H-pyrazol-3-yl]oxy}methyl)phenyl]methoxycarbamic acid. A fungicide used to control major plant pathogens including Septoria tritici, Puccinia spp. and Pyrenophora teres.	2.08	1	0	aromatic ether; carbamate ester; carbanilate fungicide; methoxycarbanilate strobilurin antifungal agent; monochlorobenzenes; pyrazoles	antifungal agrochemical; environmental contaminant; mitochondrial cytochrome-bc1 complex inhibitor; xenobiotic
germacrone germacrone: isolated from Curcuma wenyujin	2.6	1	0	germacrane sesquiterpenoid; olefinic compound	androgen antagonist; anti-inflammatory agent; antifeedant; antifungal agent; antimicrobial agent; antineoplastic agent; antioxidant; antitussive; antiviral agent; apoptosis inducer; autophagy inducer; hepatoprotective agent; insecticide; neuroprotective agent; plant metabolite; volatile oil component
terrein terrein: from culture solution of fungus, Pestilotiopsis microspora;structure in first source	2.02	1	0	polyol
1-oleoyl-2-acetylglycerol [no description available]	1.99	1	0	1,2-diglyceride
ergonovine maleate ergometrine maleate : A maleate salt resulting form the reaction of equimolar amounts of maleic acid and ergometrine. It is used in the active management of the third stage of labour, and to prevent or treat postpartum of postabortal haemorrhage caused by uterine atony: by maintaining uterine contraction and tone, blood vessels in the uterine wall are compressed and blood flow reduced.	2.04	1	0	maleate salt	diagnostic agent; oxytocic
dioleoyl phosphatidylethanolamine dioleoyl phosphatidylethanolamine: chemical name in article is incorrect - phosphatidylethandamine instead of phosphatidylethanolamine. dioleoyl phosphatidylethanolamine : A phosphatidylethanolamine in which the phosphatidyl acyl groups are both oleoyl.	2.13	1	0	phosphatidylethanolamine
(2e,4e,6e,10e)-3,7,11,15-tetramethyl-2,4,6,10,14-hexadecapentaenoic acid (2E,4E,6E,10E)-3,7,11,15-tetramethyl-2,4,6,10,14-hexadecapentaenoic acid: an acyclic retinoid that suppresses hepatocellular carcinoma recurrence; structure in first source	2.6	1	0
sphingosine phosphorylcholine sphingosine phosphorylcholine: a wound healing agent	2.03	1	0
asteltoxin asteltoxin: polyenic alpha-pyrone mycotoxin closely related to aurovertins isolated from Aspergillus stellatus; structure given in first source	2.02	1	0	furofuran
yuanhuadine [no description available]	2.08	1	0	diterpenoid	metabolite
lithospermic acid [no description available]	2.6	1	0
emerin emerin: a serine-rich protein; responsible for Emery-Dreifuss muscular dystrophy (EDMD)	2.02	1	0
mulberroside a mulberroside A: structure in first source	3.27	1	0	glycoside; stilbenoid
laq824 LAQ824: Histone deacetylase inhibitor	2.6	1	0
ekb 569 EKB 569: an EGF receptor kinase inhibitor	2.6	1	0	aminoquinoline; monocarboxylic acid amide; monochlorobenzenes; nitrile	protein kinase inhibitor
nidulin nidulin: structure	2.11	1	0
bavachalcone bavachalcone: structure in first source	2.25	1	0	chalcones
rilpivirine [no description available]	2.6	1	0	aminopyrimidine; nitrile	EC 2.7.7.49 (RNA-directed DNA polymerase) inhibitor; HIV-1 reverse transcriptase inhibitor
alpha-cyperone alpha-cyperone: isolated from the rhizomes of Cyperus rotundus; structure in first source	2.13	1	0
(1Ar,7aS,10aS,10bS)-1a,5-dimethyl-8-methylidene-2,3,6,7,7a,8,10a,10b-octahydrooxireno[9,10]cyclodeca[1,2-b]furan-9(1aH)-one [no description available]	2.6	1	0	germacranolide
2',4',6'-trihydroxychalcone pinocembrin chalcone: isolated from Helichrysum trilineatum; structure in first source. pinocembrin chalcone : A member of the class of chalcones that is trans-chalcone substituted by hydroxy groups at positions 2', 4' and 6' respectively.	2.03	1	0	chalcones	antifungal agent; plant metabolite
4,5-di-O-caffeoylquinic acid [no description available]	2.6	1	0	quinic acid
indigo carmine 3,5-di-O-(E)-caffeoylquinic acid: from roots of Lychnophora ericoides; structure in first source. 3,5-di-O-caffeoyl quinic acid : A carboxylic ester that is the diester obtained by the condensation of the hydroxy groups at positions 3 and 5 of (-)-quinic acid with the carboxy group of trans-caffeic acid. Isolated from Brazilian propolis and Suaeda glauca, it exhibits hepatoprotective and cytotoxic activities.	2.6	1	0
4-isopropylbenzaldehyde thiosemicarbazone 4-isopropylbenzaldehyde thiosemicarbazone: structure in first source	2.15	1	0
hylin [no description available]	2.05	1	0
methyl chlorogenate methyl chlorogenate: from Eriobotrya japonica; structure in first source	2.15	1	0	quinic acid
3-hydroxy-4-methoxybenzaldehyde thiosemicarbazone 3-hydroxy-4-methoxybenzaldehyde thiosemicarbazone: inhibits cabbage butterfly larvae phenoloxidase; structure in first source	3.31	1	0
2-(quinolin-2-ylmethylene)hydrazinecarbothioamide 2-(quinolin-2-ylmethylene)hydrazinecarbothioamide: a topoisomerase II alpha inhibitor; has antineoplastic activity; structure in first source	2.06	1	0
artesunate artesunic acid: RN given for (3R-(3alpha,5abeta,6beta,8abeta,9alpha,10alpha,12beta,(2aR*))-isomer; succinic ester of artemether	2.6	1	0	artemisinin derivative; cyclic acetal; dicarboxylic acid monoester; hemisuccinate; semisynthetic derivative; sesquiterpenoid	antimalarial; antineoplastic agent; ferroptosis inducer
(3S,6S,9S,12R)-3-[(2S)-Butan-2-yl]-6-[(1-methoxyindol-3-yl)methyl]-9-(6-oxooctyl)-1,4,7,10-tetrazabicyclo[10.4.0]hexadecane-2,5,8,11-tetrone [no description available]	2.6	1	0	oligopeptide
vildagliptin [no description available]	2.6	1	0	amino acid amide
belinostat [no description available]	2.6	1	0	hydroxamic acid; olefinic compound; sulfonamide	antineoplastic agent; EC 3.5.1.98 (histone deacetylase) inhibitor
hdac-42 HDAC-42: structure in first source	2.6	1	0	amidobenzoic acid
cinnamaldehyde thiosemicarbazone cinnamaldehyde thiosemicarbazone: has antimicrobial activity; structure in first source	3.31	1	0
chlorhexidine Chlorhexidine: A disinfectant and topical anti-infective agent used also as mouthwash to prevent oral plaque.. chlorhexidine : A bisbiguanide compound with a structure consisting of two (p-chlorophenyl)guanide units linked by a hexamethylene bridge.	2.6	1	0	biguanides; monochlorobenzenes	antibacterial agent; antiinfective agent
sri 224 [no description available]	2.06	1	0
mannich bases Mannich Bases: Ketonic amines prepared from the condensation of a ketone with formaldehyde and ammonia or a primary or secondary amine. A Mannich base can act as the equivalent of an alpha,beta unsaturated ketone in synthesis or can be reduced to form physiologically active amino alcohols.	8.18	5	0
gs-7340 tenofovir alafenamide: component of Biktarvy. tenofovir alafenamide : An L-alanine derivative that is isopropyl L-alaninate in which one of the amino hydrogens is replaced by an (S)-({[(2R)-1-(6-amino-9H-purin-9-yl)propan-2-yl]oxy}methyl)(phenoxy)phosphoryl group. A prodrug for tenofovir, it is used (as the fumarate salt) in combination therapy for the treatment of HIV-1 infection.	2.6	1	0	6-aminopurines; ether; isopropyl ester; L-alanine derivative; phosphoramidate ester	antiviral drug; HIV-1 reverse transcriptase inhibitor; prodrug
iniparib [no description available]	2.6	1	0	carbonyl compound; organohalogen compound
n-(2-amino-5-fluorobenzyl)-4-(n-(pyridine-3-acrylyl)aminomethyl)benzamide [no description available]	2.6	1	0
pri-2205 [no description available]	2.6	1	0
mk 0752 [no description available]	2.6	1	0
givinostat [no description available]	2.6	1	0	carbamate ester
pd 144418 [no description available]	2.6	1	0
bicyclol bicyclol: an antihepatitis drug, on the metabolism and hepatotoxicity of aflatoxin B1 (AFB1) in rats.	2.6	1	0
midostaurin midostaurin : An organic heterooctacyclic compound that is the N-benzoyl derivative of staurosporine.	2.6	1	0	benzamides; gamma-lactam; indolocarbazole; organic heterooctacyclic compound	antineoplastic agent; EC 2.7.11.13 (protein kinase C) inhibitor
ly 450139 [no description available]	2.6	1	0	peptide
pseurotin pseurotin: metabolite isolated from culture filtrates of Pseudeurotium ovalis Stolk; structure. pseurotin A : A spirocyclic that is 1-oxa-7-azaspiro[4.4]non-2-ene-4,6-dione bearing 1,2-dihydroxyhex-3-en-1-yl, methyl, methoxy, benzoyl and hydroxy substituents at positions 2, 3, 8, 8 and 9 respectively.	2.1	1	0	azaspiro compound; lactam; oxaspiro compound	metabolite
valencene valencene: structure in first source. (+)-valencene : A carbobicyclic compound and sesquiterpene that is 1,2,3,4,4a,5,6,7-octahydronaphthalene which is substituted a prop-1-en-2-yl group at position 3 and by methyl groups at positions 4a and 5 (the 3R,4aS,5R- diastereoisomer).	2.13	1	0	carbobicyclic compound; polycyclic olefin; sesquiterpene
morachalcone a morachalcone A: tyrosinase inhibitor from the wood of Artocarpus heterophyllus; structure in first source	3.61	2	0	chalcones
mocetinostat mocetinostat: undergoing phase II clinical trials for treatment of cancer. mocetinostat : A benzamide obtained by formal condensation of the carboxy group of 4-({[4-(pyridin-3-yl)pyrimidin-2-yl]amino}methyl)benzoic acid with one of the amino groups of benzene-1,2-diamine. It is an orally active and isotype-selective HDAC inhibitor which exhibits antitumour activity (IC50 = 0.15, 0.29, 1.66 and 0.59 muM for HDAC1, HDAC2, HDAC3 and HDAC11).	2.6	1	0	aminopyrimidine; benzamides; pyridines; secondary amino compound; secondary carboxamide; substituted aniline	antineoplastic agent; apoptosis inducer; autophagy inducer; cardioprotective agent; EC 3.5.1.98 (histone deacetylase) inhibitor; hepatotoxic agent
rivaroxaban Rivaroxaban: A morpholine and thiophene derivative that functions as a FACTOR XA INHIBITOR and is used in the treatment and prevention of DEEP-VEIN THROMBOSIS and PULMONARY EMBOLISM. It is also used for the prevention of STROKE and systemic embolization in patients with non-valvular ATRIAL FIBRILLATION, and for the prevention of atherothrombotic events in patients after an ACUTE CORONARY SYNDROME.. rivaroxaban : A monocarboxylic acid amide obtained by formal condensation of the carboxy group of 5-chlorothiophene-2-carboxylic acid with the amino group of 4-{4-[(5S)-5-(aminomethyl)-2-oxo-1,3-oxazolidin-3-yl]phenyl}morpholin-3-one. An anticoagulant used for prophylaxis of venous thromboembolism in patients with knee or hip replacement surgery.	2.6	1	0	aromatic amide; lactam; monocarboxylic acid amide; morpholines; organochlorine compound; oxazolidinone; thiophenes	anticoagulant; EC 3.4.21.6 (coagulation factor Xa) inhibitor
sb 3ct compound SB 3CT compound: a matrix metalloproteinase-2 inhibitor; structure in first source	2.6	1	0	aromatic ether
ginsenoside rb1 [no description available]	3.78	2	0	ginsenoside; glycoside; tetracyclic triterpenoid	anti-inflammatory drug; anti-obesity agent; apoptosis inhibitor; neuroprotective agent; plant metabolite; radical scavenger
rucaparib AG14447: Poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase inhibitor; structure in first source	2.6	1	0	azepinoindole; caprolactams; organofluorine compound; secondary amino compound	antineoplastic agent; EC 2.4.2.30 (NAD(+) ADP-ribosyltransferase) inhibitor
6h-thieno[3,2-f][1,2,4]triazolo[4,3-a][1,4]diazepine-6-acetamide, 4-(4-chlorophenyl)-n-(4-hydroxyphenyl)-2,3,9-trimethyl-, (6s)- [no description available]	2.6	1	0	organonitrogen heterocyclic compound; organosulfur heterocyclic compound
cetilistat cetilistat: lipase inhibitor in randomized, placebo-controlled study of weight reduction in obese patients (3/2007)	2.6	1	0	benzoxazine
ym 201636 6-amino-N-(3-(4-(4-morpholinyl)pyrido(3',2'-4,5)furo(3,2-d)pyrimidin-2-yl)phenyl)-3-pyridinecarboxamide: an antiviral agent; structure in first source	2.6	1	0	aromatic amide
n-caffeoyltyramine N-caffeoyltyramine: structure in first source	2.44	2	0	catechols
neoechinulin a neoechinulin A: from the marine-derived fungus Aspergillus sp.; structure in first source	2.11	1	0
kaempferol 7-o-glucoside kaempferol 7-O-glucoside: structure in first source. kaempferol 7-O-beta-D-glucopyranoside : A kaempferol O-glucoside that is kaempferol attached to a beta-D-glucopyranosyl moiety at position 7 via a glycosidic linkage.	2.02	1	0	beta-D-glucoside; flavonols; kaempferol O-glucoside; monosaccharide derivative; trihydroxyflavone	metabolite; plant metabolite; radical scavenger
linagliptin Linagliptin: A purine and quinazoline derivative that functions as an INCRETIN and DIPEPTIDYL-PEPTIDASE IV INHIBTOR. It is used as a HYPOGLYCEMIC AGENT in the treatment of TYPE II DIABETES MELLITUS.. linagliptin : A xanthine that is 7H-xanthine bearing (4-methylquinazolin-2-yl)methyl, methyl, but-2-yn-1-yl and 3-aminopiperidin-1-yl substituents at positions 1, 3, 7 and 8 respectively (the R-enantiomer). Used for treatment of type II diabetes.	2.6	1	0	aminopiperidine; quinazolines	EC 3.4.14.5 (dipeptidyl-peptidase IV) inhibitor; hypoglycemic agent
2,4,2',4'-Tetrahydroxychalcone [no description available]	3.87	3	0	chalcones
azd 6244 AZD 6244: a MEK inhibitor	2.6	1	0	benzimidazoles; bromobenzenes; hydroxamic acid ester; monochlorobenzenes; organofluorine compound; secondary amino compound	anticoronaviral agent; antineoplastic agent; EC 2.7.11.24 (mitogen-activated protein kinase) inhibitor
odanacatib odanacatib: a selective inhibitor of cathepsin K for the treatment of post-menopausal osteoporosis; structure in first source	2.6	1	0
n-caffeoyldopamine N-caffeoyldopamine: structure in first source	2.03	1	0
apilimod [no description available]	2.6	1	0
apixaban [no description available]	2.6	1	0	aromatic ether; lactam; piperidones; pyrazolopyridine	anticoagulant; EC 3.4.21.6 (coagulation factor Xa) inhibitor
6-(3-hydroxyphenyl)-2-naphthol 6-(3-hydroxyphenyl)-2-naphthol: has inhibitory effects on tyrosinase activity and melanin synthesis; structure in first source	2.03	1	0
artenimol artenimol: derivative of antimalarial drug artemisinin (quinghaosu)	1.98	1	0
lupinifolin lupinifolin: structure in first source	2.1	1	0
betrixaban betrixaban: a highly potent, selective, and orally efficacious factor Xa inhibitor; structure in first source. betrixaban : A secondary carboxamide obtained by formal condensation of the carboxy group of 4-(N,N-dimethylcarbamimidoyl)benzoic acid with the amino group of 2-amino-N-(5-chloropyridin-2-yl)-5-methoxybenzamide. A synthetic anticoagulant compound that targets activated factor Xa in the coagulation cascade.	2.6	1	0	benzamides; guanidines; monochloropyridine; monomethoxybenzene; secondary carboxamide	anticoagulant; EC 3.4.21.6 (coagulation factor Xa) inhibitor
edoxaban edoxaban : A monocarboxylic acid amide that is used (as its tosylate monohydrate) for the treatment of deep vein thrombosis and pulmonary embolism.	2.6	1	0	chloropyridine; monocarboxylic acid amide; tertiary amino compound; thiazolopyridine	anticoagulant; EC 3.4.21.6 (coagulation factor Xa) inhibitor; platelet aggregation inhibitor
saracatinib [no description available]	2.6	1	0	aromatic ether; benzodioxoles; diether; N-methylpiperazine; organochlorine compound; oxanes; quinazolines; secondary amino compound	anticoronaviral agent; antineoplastic agent; apoptosis inducer; autophagy inducer; EC 2.7.10.2 (non-specific protein-tyrosine kinase) inhibitor; radiosensitizing agent
n-(3-amino-1-(cyclobutylmethyl)-2,3-dioxopropyl)-3-(2-((((1,1-dimethylethyl)amino)carbonyl)amino)-3,3-dimethyl-1-oxobutyl)-6,6-dimethyl-3-azabicyclo(3.1.0)hexan-2-carboxamide boceprevir : A synthetic tripeptide consisting of N-(tert-butylcarbamoyl)-3-methyl-L-valyl, a cyclopropyl-fused prolyl and 3-amino-4-cyclobutyl-2-oxobutanamide residues joined in sequence. Used for treatment of chronic hepatitis C virus genotype 1 infection.	2.6	1	0	tripeptide; ureas	antiviral drug; hepatitis C protease inhibitor; peptidomimetic
Cycloartobiloxanthone cycloartobiloxanthone: a flavonoid isolated from stem bark of Artocarpus gomezianus; has antineoplastic properties	2.15	1	0	pyranoxanthones
ly 411575 [no description available]	2.6	1	0	dibenzoazepine; difluorobenzene; lactam; secondary alcohol	EC 3.4.23.46 (memapsin 2) inhibitor
galidesivir [no description available]	2.6	1	0
PB28 PB28 : A member of the class of tetralins that is tetralin that is substituted by 3-(4-cyclohexylpiperazin-1-yl)propyl and methoxy groups at positions 1 and 5, respectively. It is a sigma 2 (sigma2) receptor agonist (Ki = 0.68 nM) and exhibits antineoplastic and anti SARS-CoV-2 activities.	2.6	1	0	aromatic ether; piperazines; tetralins	anticoronaviral agent; antineoplastic agent; apoptosis inducer; sigma-2 receptor agonist
oxadiazoles Oxadiazoles: Compounds containing five-membered heteroaromatic rings containing two carbons, two nitrogens, and one oxygen atom which exist in various regioisomeric forms.	3.41	1	0
isosilybin b [no description available]	2.51	2	0
aerothionin [no description available]	2.25	1	0	isoxazoles	metabolite
isosilybin a isosilybin A: has antineoplastic activity; structure in first source	2.51	2	0
4-(1-phenylethyl)resorcinol 4-(1-phenylethyl)resorcinol: a depigmenting agent for treatment of solar lentigines; structure in first source	3.35	1	0
degrasyn degrasyn: a JAK2 kinase inhibitor that induces rapid degradation of c-Myc protein in MM-1 multiple myeloma and other tumor cell lines; structure in first source	2.6	1	0
epoxomicin [no description available]	2.6	1	0	morpholines; tripeptide	proteasome inhibitor
bms 477118 [no description available]	2.6	1	0	adamantanes; azabicycloalkane; monocarboxylic acid amide; nitrile; tertiary alcohol	EC 3.4.14.5 (dipeptidyl-peptidase IV) inhibitor; hypoglycemic agent
pha 680632 PHA 680632: Aurora kinase inhibitor with potent antitumoral activity; structure in first source	2.6	1	0
tmc 353121 [no description available]	2.6	1	0
amd 070 mavorixafor: a derivative of AMD3100; a CXCR4 blocker	2.6	1	0	aminoquinoline
danoprevir [no description available]	2.6	1	0
bms-626529 [no description available]	2.6	1	0
bms-663068 fostemsavir: an HIV-1 attachment inhibitor; structure in first source	2.6	1	0
ks370g KS370G: antihyperglycemic; structure in first source	2.03	1	0
amenamevir ASP2151: a herpesvirus helicase-primase inhibitor, in a guinea pig model of genital herpes; structure in first source	2.6	1	0
vx 765 belnacasan: a NSAID	2.6	1	0	dipeptide
Dihydrotanshinone I dihydrotanshinone I: extracted from Radix Salviae	2.6	1	0	abietane diterpenoid	anticoronaviral agent
6-methyl-3-phenethyl-3,4-dihydro-1h-quinazoline-2-thione 6-methyl-3-phenethyl-3,4-dihydro-1H-quinazoline-2-thione: structure in first source	2.75	3	0
alogliptin alogliptin: structure in first source. alogliptin : A piperidine that is 3-methyl-2,4-dioxo-3,4-dihydropyrimidine carrying additional 2-cyanobenzyl and 3-aminopiperidin-1-yl groups at positions 1 and 2 respectively (the R-enantiomer). Used in the form of its benzoate salt for treatment of type 2 diabetes.	2.6	1	0	nitrile; piperidines; primary amino compound; pyrimidines	EC 3.4.14.5 (dipeptidyl-peptidase IV) inhibitor; hypoglycemic agent
fr 180204 FR 180204: structure in first source	2.6	1	0	pyrazoles; ring assembly
quisinostat [no description available]	2.6	1	0	indoles
carfilzomib [no description available]	2.6	1	0	epoxide; morpholines; tetrapeptide	antineoplastic agent; proteasome inhibitor
hcv 796 HCV 796: inhibits HCV RdRp; structure in first source	2.6	1	0
resminostat resminostat: a histone deacetylase inhibitor; structure in first source	2.6	1	0
n-coumaroyldopamine N-coumaroyldopamine: structure in first source	2.13	1	0
zk 756326 2-(2-(4-(3-phenoxybenzyl)piperazin-1-yl)ethoxy)ethanol: a CC chemokine receptor CCR8 agonist; structure in first source	2.6	1	0	aromatic ether
balapiravir balapiravir: a prodrug of R1479; structure in first source	2.6	1	0
trametinib [no description available]	2.6	1	0	acetamides; aromatic amine; cyclopropanes; organofluorine compound; organoiodine compound; pyridopyrimidine; ring assembly	anticoronaviral agent; antineoplastic agent; EC 2.7.11.24 (mitogen-activated protein kinase) inhibitor; geroprotector
deoxyarbutin 4-((tetrahydro-2H-pyran-2-yl)oxy)phenol: has antineoplastic activity; structure in first source	2.6	1	0
abexinostat abexinostat: structure in first source	2.6	1	0	benzofurans
3-hydroxyphloretin 3-hydroxyphloretin: compound from Formosan apple that reduces tyrosinase activity in human epidermal melanocytes; structure in first source	3.35	1	0	chalcones
silvestrol silvestrol: isolated from the fruit and twig of Aglaia silvestris. silvestrol : An organic heterotricyclic compound that consists of a 2,3,3a,8b-tetrahydro-H-benzo[b]cyclopenta[d]furan framework substituted by hydroxy groups at positions C-1 and C-8b, a methoxycarbonyl group at C-2, a phenyl group at C-3, a 4-methoxyphenyl group at C-3a, a methoxy group at C-8 and a 1,4-dioxan-2-yloxy group at position C-6 which in turn is substituted by a methoxy group at position 3 and a 1,2-dihydroxyethyl group at position 6. Isolated from Aglaia silvestris, it exhibits antineoplastic activity.	2.6	1	0	dioxanes; ether; methyl ester; organic heterotricyclic compound	antineoplastic agent; metabolite
(+)-dehydrodiconiferyl alcohol (+)-dehydrodiconiferyl alcohol : A dehydrodiconiferyl alcohol that has (2S,3R)-configuration. A natural product isolated from several plant species including Allium sativum and Codonopsis pilosula.	2.05	1	0	dehydrodiconiferyl alcohol	antioxidant; plant metabolite
narlaprevir narlaprevir: an antiviral agent that inhibits hepatitis C virus NS3 protease. narlaprevir : An azabicyclohexane that is (1R,5S)-6,6-dimethyl-3-azabicyclo[3.1.0]hexane substituted by [(3S)-1-(cyclopropylamino)-1,2-dioxoheptan-3-yl]aminoacyl and N-({1-[(tert-butylsulfonyl)methyl]cyclohexyl}carbamoyl)-3-methyl-L-valyl groups at positions 2S and 3, respectively. It is a hepatitis C virus (HCV) NS3/4A serine protease inhibitor (Ki = 6 nM) that is used for the treatment of chronic hepatitis C.	2.6	1	0	azabicyclohexane; cyclopropanes; pyrrolidinecarboxamide; secondary carboxamide; sulfone; tertiary carboxamide; ureas	anticoronaviral agent; antiviral drug; EC 3.4.22.69 (SARS coronavirus main proteinase) inhibitor; hepatitis C protease inhibitor
teneligliptin [no description available]	2.6	1	0	amino acid amide
dextrothyroxine [no description available]	2.6	1	0
veliparib [no description available]	2.6	1	0	benzimidazoles	EC 2.4.2.30 (NAD(+) ADP-ribosyltransferase) inhibitor
pf 03491390 [no description available]	2.6	1	0
alloin [no description available]	2.6	1	0	anthracenes; C-glycosyl compound; cyclic ketone; phenols	laxative; metabolite
santalol santalol: combination of alpha and beta isomers	2.08	1	0
5-(pentadeca-8,11,14-trien-1-yl)resorcinol 5-(pentadeca-8,11,14-trien-1-yl)resorcinol : A resorcinol compound having an 8-cis,11-cis-pentadeca-8,11,14-trien-1-yl substituent at the 5-position.	2.1	1	0	5-alkatrienylresorcinol
aflatoxin g1 aflatoxin G1: RN given refers to (7aR-cis)-isomer & is from 9th CI Form Index	1.96	1	0
asperflavin asperflavin: metabolic product of Aspergillus flavus	2.11	1	0
microcolin a microcolin A: structure given in first source; isolated from the blue-green alga Lyngbya majuscula	2.06	1	0
mdv 3100 [no description available]	2.6	1	0	(trifluoromethyl)benzenes; benzamides; imidazolidinone; monofluorobenzenes; nitrile; thiocarbonyl compound	androgen antagonist; antineoplastic agent
4-dodecylaminophenol [no description available]	2.5	2	0
bms-650032 asunaprevir: an NS3 protease inhibitor against hepatitis C virus	2.6	1	0	oligopeptide
subamolide a subamolide A: cytotoxic constituent of the stems of Cinnamomum subavenium; structure in first source	4.22	2	0
feruloyldopamine feruloyldopamine: a dopamine metabolite isolated from tomatoes after infection by Pseudomonas syringae; structure in first source	3.89	3	0
dihydro-n-caffeoyltyramine dihydro-N-caffeoyltyramine: structure in first source	2.03	1	0	catechols
rg 7128 2'-fluoro-2'-methyl-3',5'-diisobutyryldeoxycytidine: inhibits HCV polymerase; structure in first source	2.6	1	0
oritavancin oritavancin : A semisynthetic glycopeptide used (as its bisphosphate salt) for the treatment of acute bacterial skin and skin structure infections caused or suspected to be caused by susceptible isolates of designated Gram-positive microorganisms including MRSA.	2.6	1	0	disaccharide derivative; glycopeptide; semisynthetic derivative	antibacterial drug; antimicrobial agent
cellulose DEAE-Cellulose: Cellulose derivative used in chromatography, as ion-exchange material, and for various industrial applications.	7.43	2	0	glycoside
phosphatidylcholines Phosphatidylcholines: Derivatives of PHOSPHATIDIC ACIDS in which the phosphoric acid is bound in ester linkage to a CHOLINE moiety.	2.07	1	0	1,2-diacyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine
hs 1793 4-(6-hydroxy-2-naphthyl)-1,3-benzenediol: structure in first source	2.44	2	0
pevonedistat pevonedistat: a potent and selective inhibitor of NAE (NEDD8-activating enzyme). pevonedistat : A pyrrolopyrimidine that is 7H-pyrrolo[2,3-d]pyrimidine which is substituted by a (1S)-2,3-dihydro-1H-inden-1-ylnitrilo group at position 4 and by a (1S,3S,4S)-3-hydroxy-4-[(sulfamoyloxy)methyl]cyclopentyl group at position 7. It is a potent and selective NEDD8-activating enzyme inhibitor with an IC50 of 4.7 nM, and currently under clinical investigation for the treatment of acute myeloid leukemia (AML) and myelodysplastic syndromes.	2.6	1	0	cyclopentanols; indanes; pyrrolopyrimidine; secondary amino compound; sulfamidate	antineoplastic agent; apoptosis inducer
uk 453,061 UK 453,061: a reverse transcriptase inhibitor/anti-HIV agent; structure in first source	2.6	1	0	aromatic ether
N-(2-aminophenyl)-2-pyrazinecarboxamide [no description available]	2.6	1	0	aromatic amide
Norartocarpanone [no description available]	2.48	2	0	flavanones
roquefortine [no description available]	2.25	1	0	pyrroloindole
biotinyltyramide biotinyltyramide: used in sensitive light microscopic immunochemistry	2.01	1	0
chitosan [no description available]	3.26	5	0
balanophonin balanophonin: from fruit wall of Cirsium vulgare; structure in first source	2.05	1	0
tegobuvir tegobuvir: a non-structural protein 5B polymerase inhibitor	2.6	1	0
pf-429242 PF-429242: a subtilisin kexin isozyme-1/site-1 protease inhibitor	2.6	1	0
sodium bisulfite sodium bisulfite: has been used externally for parasitic skin diseases and as gastrointestinal antiseptic; structure. sodium hydrogensulfite : An inorganic sodium salt having hydrogensulfite as the counterion.	2.48	2	0	inorganic sodium salt; sulfite salt	allergen; food antioxidant; food colour retention agent; mutagen; reducing agent
sodium lactate Sodium Lactate: The sodium salt of racemic or inactive lactic acid. It is a hygroscopic agent used intravenously as a systemic and urinary alkalizer.. sodium lactate : An organic sodium salt having lactate as the counterion.	2.05	1	0	lactate salt; organic sodium salt	food acidity regulator; food preservative
olaparib [no description available]	2.6	1	0	cyclopropanes; monofluorobenzenes; N-acylpiperazine; phthalazines	antineoplastic agent; apoptosis inducer; EC 2.4.2.30 (NAD(+) ADP-ribosyltransferase) inhibitor
cx 4945 [no description available]	2.6	1	0
pci 34051 PCI 34051: an HDAC8 inhibitor	2.6	1	0	indolecarboxamide
lomibuvir lomibuvir: an antiviral agent with polymerase NS5 inhibitory activity	2.6	1	0	thiophenecarboxylic acid
delanzomib [no description available]	2.6	1	0	C-terminal boronic acid peptide; phenylpyridine; secondary alcohol; threonine derivative	antineoplastic agent; apoptosis inducer; proteasome inhibitor
pitavastatin(1-) pitavastatin(1-) : A hydroxy monocarboxylic acid anion that is the conjugate base of pitavastatin, obtained by deprotonation of the carboxy group.	2.6	1	0	hydroxy monocarboxylic acid anion
GRL-0617 GRL-0617 : A benzamide resulting from the formal condensation of the carboxy group of 5-amino-2-methylbenzoic acid with the amino group of (1R)-1-(naphthalen-1-yl)ethan-1-amine. It is a potent noncovalent inhibitor (IC50 = 600 nM) of severe acute respiratory syndrome-coronavirus papain-like protease (SARS-CoV PLpro).	2.6	1	0	benzamides; naphthalenes; secondary carboxamide; substituted aniline	anticoronaviral agent; protease inhibitor
N-[4-[3-[[[7-(hydroxyamino)-7-oxoheptyl]amino]-oxomethyl]-5-isoxazolyl]phenyl]carbamic acid tert-butyl ester CAY10603: a HDAC6 inhibitor	2.6	1	0	carbamate ester
niraparib niraparib: structure in first source. niraparib : A 2-[4-(piperidin-3-yl)phenyl]-2H-indazole-7-carboxamide that has S-configuration. It is a potent inhibitor of PARP1 and PARP2 (IC50 of 3.8 and 2.1 nM, respectively) and approved as a first-line maintenance treatment for women with advanced ovarian cancer after responding to platinum-based chemotherapy.	2.6	1	0	2-[4-(piperidin-3-yl)phenyl]-2H-indazole-7-carboxamide	antineoplastic agent; apoptosis inducer; EC 2.4.2.30 (NAD(+) ADP-ribosyltransferase) inhibitor; radiosensitizing agent
jzl 184 JZL 184: inhibits monoacylglycerol lipase; structure in first source	2.6	1	0	benzodioxoles
gsk 650394 [no description available]	2.6	1	0	phenylpyridine
chi 1043 [no description available]	2.15	1	0
oprozomib ONX 0912: antineoplastic; an orally active proteasome inhibitor; structure in first source	2.6	1	0
az 960 [no description available]	2.6	1	0
golgicide a golgicide A: inhibits the cis-golgi ArfGEF GBF1; structure in first source. golgicide A : A diastereoisomeric mixture comprising racemic cis- and racemic trans-goglioside A in a 10:1 ratio. It is a potent and rapidly reversible GBF1 (Golgi-specific brefeldin A-resistance guanine nucleotide exchange factor 1) inhibitor. The (3aS,4R,9bR) isomer is the most active (see Bioorg. Med. Chem. Lett., 2012, 22, 5177-5181).	2.6	1	0	diastereoisomeric mixture	cis-Golgi ArfGEF GBF inhibitor
mannans [no description available]	2.41	1	0
cobicistat [no description available]	2.6	1	0	1,3-thiazoles; carbamate ester; monocarboxylic acid amide; morpholines; ureas	P450 inhibitor
bms-790052 daclatasvir: an HCV NS5A inhibitor. daclatasvir : A member of the class of biphenyls that is a potent inhibitor of nonstructural protein 5A and is used (as its hydrochloride salt) for treatment of hepatitis C.	2.6	1	0	biphenyls; carbamate ester; carboxamide; imidazoles; valine derivative	antiviral drug; nonstructural protein 5A inhibitor
ixazomib ixazomib: a proteasome inhibitor with antineoplastic activity; MLN2238 is the biologically active form of MLN9708; structure in first source. ixazomib : A glycine derivative that is the amide obtained by formal condensation of the carboxy group of N-(2,5-dichlorobenzoyl)glycine with the amino group of [(1R)-1-amino-3-methylbutyl]boronic acid. The active metabolite of ixazomib citrate, it is used in combination therapy for treatment of multiple myeloma.	2.6	1	0	benzamides; boronic acids; dichlorobenzene; glycine derivative	antineoplastic agent; apoptosis inducer; drug metabolite; orphan drug; proteasome inhibitor
ucph 101 2-amino-4-(4-methoxyphenyl)-7-(naphthalen-1-yl)-5-oxo-5,6,7,8-tetrahydro-4H-chromene-3-carbonitrile: structure in first source	2.6	1	0
peptones Peptones: Derived proteins or mixtures of cleavage products produced by the partial hydrolysis of a native protein either by an acid or by an enzyme. Peptones are readily soluble in water, and are not precipitable by heat, by alkalis, or by saturation with ammonium sulfate. (Dorland, 28th ed)	2.21	1	0
5-(3-methylsulfonylphenyl)-4-[(1-methyl-5-tetrazolyl)thio]thieno[2,3-d]pyrimidine [no description available]	2.6	1	0	aryl sulfide; thienopyrimidine
baricitinib [no description available]	2.6	1	0	azetidines; nitrile; pyrazoles; pyrrolopyrimidine; sulfonamide	anti-inflammatory agent; antirheumatic drug; antiviral agent; EC 2.7.10.2 (non-specific protein-tyrosine kinase) inhibitor; immunosuppressive agent
KOM70144 KOM70144 : A benzamide that is GRL-0617 in which one of the hydrogen's of the primary amino group is replaced by an acetyl group. It an inhibitor of SARS-CoV and SARS-CoV-2 papain-like protease (PLpro) with an IC50 of 2.6 muM and 5.0 muM, respectively. It also inhibits SARS-CoV and SARS-CoV-2 infection of Vero E6 cells in vitro (EC50 values are 13.1 and 21 muM, respectively).	2.6	1	0	acetamides; benzamides; naphthalenes; secondary carboxamide	anticoronaviral agent; protease inhibitor
piperidines Piperidines: A family of hexahydropyridines.	2.05	1	0
e-52862 [no description available]	2.6	1	0
ly2811376 [no description available]	2.6	1	0
interleukin-8 Interleukin-8: A member of the CXC chemokine family that plays a role in the regulation of the acute inflammatory response. It is secreted by variety of cell types and induces CHEMOTAXIS of NEUTROPHILS and other inflammatory cells.	2.07	1	0
p-decylaminophenol p-decylaminophenol: a melanogenesis inhibitor; structure in first source	2.5	2	0
anagliptin anagliptin: anagliptin hydrochloride salt is the active compound	2.6	1	0	amino acid amide
gardiquimod [no description available]	2.6	1	0
grazoprevir grazoprevir: has antiviral activity; component of Zepatier. grazoprevir : An azamacrocyclic compound that is a hepatitis C protease inhibitor used in combination with elbasvir (under the brand name Zepatier) for treatment of chronic HCV genotypes 1 or 4 infection in adults.	2.6	1	0	aromatic ether; azamacrocycle; carbamate ester; cyclopropanes; lactam; N-sulfonylcarboxamide; quinoxaline derivative	antiviral drug; hepatitis C protease inhibitor; hepatoprotective agent
abt-450 paritaprevir: inhibits HCV NS3 protease. paritaprevir : An azamacrocycle which is used which is in combination with dasabuvir sodium hydrate, ombitasvir and ritonavir (under the trade name Viekira Pak) for treatment of chronic hepatitis C virus genotype 1 infection as well as cirrhosis of the liver.	2.6	1	0
letermovir letermovir: has antiviral activity; structure in first source	2.6	1	0
sofosbuvir Sofosbuvir: A uridine monophosphate analog inhibitor of HEPATITIS C VIRUS (HCV) polymerase NS5B that is used as an ANTIVIRAL AGENT in the treatment of CHRONIC HEPATITIS C.. sofosbuvir : A nucleotide conjugate that is used in combination with ledipasvir (under the trade name Harvoni) for the treatment of chronic hepatitis C genotype 1 infection.	2.6	1	0	isopropyl ester; L-alanyl ester; nucleotide conjugate; organofluorine compound; phosphoramidate ester	antiviral drug; hepatitis C protease inhibitor; prodrug
5-(4-amino-1-propan-2-yl-3-pyrazolo[3,4-d]pyrimidinyl)-1,3-benzoxazol-2-amine sapanisertib: an mTOR inhibitor	2.6	1	0	benzoxazole
2,3',5',6-tetrahydroxy-trans-stilbene 2,3',5',6-tetrahydroxy-trans-stilbene: a naturally occurring compound particularly found in the genus Gnetum, had a strong inhibitory effect on murine tyrosinase activity; structure in first source	2.01	1	0
blz 945 [no description available]	2.6	1	0
azd3839 AZD3839: a BACE1 inhibitor; structure in first source	2.6	1	0
pf 3084014 nirogacestat: an antineoplastic agent. nirogacestat : A member of the class of imidazoles that is 1H-imidazole substituted by a 1-[(2,2-dimethylpropyl)amino]-2-methylpropan-2-yl group at position 1 and a {N-[(2S)-6,8-difluoro-1,2,3,4-tetrahydronaphthalen-2-yl]-L-norvalyl}amino group at position 4. It is a gamma-secretase inhibitor whose hydrobromide salt is indicated for adult patients with progressing desmoid tumours who require systemic treatment.	2.6	1	0
unc 0638 UNC 0638: inhibits lysine methyltransferases G9a and GLP; structure in first source	2.6	1	0	quinazolines
gs-9620 [no description available]	2.6	1	0
n-((5-(methanesulfonyl)pyridin-2-yl)methyl)-6-methyl-5-(1-methyl-1h-pyrazol-5-yl)-2-oxo-1-(3-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl)-1,2-dihydropyridine-3-carboxamide N-((5-(methanesulfonyl)pyridin-2-yl)methyl)-6-methyl-5-(1-methyl-1H-pyrazol-5-yl)-2-oxo-1-(3-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl)-1,2-dihydropyridine-3-carboxamide: structure in first source	2.6	1	0
bms 708163 BMS 708163: structure in first source	2.6	1	0	oxadiazole; ring assembly
jq1 compound [no description available]	2.6	1	0	carboxylic ester; organochlorine compound; tert-butyl ester; thienotriazolodiazepine	angiogenesis inhibitor; anti-inflammatory agent; antineoplastic agent; apoptosis inducer; bromodomain-containing protein 4 inhibitor; cardioprotective agent; ferroptosis inducer
1-(5-((2,4-difluorophenyl)thio)-4-nitrothiophen-2-yl)ethanone 1-(5-((2,4-difluorophenyl)thio)-4-nitrothiophen-2-yl)ethanone: a USP7 inhibitor; structure in first source	2.6	1	0
gsk525762a molibresib: mimicks acetylated histones; structure in first source	2.6	1	0	benzodiazepine
ML240 ML240 : A member of the class of quinazolines that is quinazoline which is substituted at positions 2, 5 and 8 by 2-amino-1H-benzimidazol-1-yl, benzylnitrilo and methoxy groups, respectively. It is a ATP-competetive inhibitor of AAA ATPase p97, also known as valosin-containing protein (VCP).	2.6	1	0	aromatic amine; aromatic ether; benzimidazoles; primary amino compound; quinazolines; secondary amino compound	antineoplastic agent
birinapant birinapant: a Smac mimetic with antineoplastic activity	2.6	1	0	dipeptide
ly2886721 [no description available]	2.6	1	0
nms-p118 NMS-P118: a PARP-1 inhibitor; structure in first source	2.6	1	0
tubastatin a [no description available]	2.6	1	0	hydroxamic acid; pyridoindole; tertiary amino compound	EC 3.5.1.98 (histone deacetylase) inhibitor
pracinostat pracinostat : A hydroxamic acid that is N-hydroxyacrylamide which is substituted at position 3 by a 2-butyl-1-[2-(diethylamino)ethyl]-1H-benzimidazol-5-yl group (the E isomer). An orally available pan-histone deacetylase inhibitor with demonstrated activity in the treatment of advanced solid tumours.	2.6	1	0	benzimidazole; hydroxamic acid; olefinic compound; tertiary amino compound	antimalarial; antineoplastic agent; apoptosis inducer; EC 3.5.1.98 (histone deacetylase) inhibitor
spautin-1 [no description available]	2.6	1	0
ldn 57444 LDN 57444: inhibitor of ubiquitin C-terminal hydrolase-L1; structure in first source	2.6	1	0
gsk1210151a GSK1210151A: inhibitor of the BET family of proteins; structure in first source	2.6	1	0	imidazoquinoline
i-bet726 [no description available]	2.6	1	0
acy-1215 ricolinostat: an HDAC6 inhibitor; structure in first source	2.6	1	0	pyrimidinecarboxylic acid
cudc-907 [no description available]	2.6	1	0
ascorbic acid Ascorbic Acid: A six carbon compound related to glucose. It is found naturally in citrus fruits and many vegetables. Ascorbic acid is an essential nutrient in human diets, and necessary to maintain connective tissue and bone. Its biologically active form, vitamin C, functions as a reducing agent and coenzyme in several metabolic pathways. Vitamin C is considered an antioxidant.. L-ascorbic acid : The L-enantiomer of ascorbic acid and conjugate acid of L-ascorbate.. L-ascorbate : The L-enantiomer of ascorbate and conjugate base of L-ascorbic acid, arising from selective deprotonation of the 3-hydroxy group. Required for a range of essential metabolic reactions in all animals and plants.. vitamin C : Any member of a group of vitamers that belong to the chemical structural class called butenolides that exhibit biological activity against vitamin C deficiency in animals. The vitamers include L-ascorbic acid and its salt, ionized and oxidized forms.	7.2	28	1	ascorbic acid; vitamin C	coenzyme; cofactor; flour treatment agent; food antioxidant; food colour retention agent; geroprotector; plant metabolite; skin lightening agent
tetracycline Tetracycline: A naphthacene antibiotic that inhibits AMINO ACYL TRNA binding during protein synthesis.. tetracycline : A broad-spectrum polyketide antibiotic produced by the Streptomyces genus of actinobacteria.	1.92	1	0
salicylates Salicylates: The salts or esters of salicylic acids, or salicylate esters of an organic acid. Some of these have analgesic, antipyretic, and anti-inflammatory activities by inhibiting prostaglandin synthesis.. hydroxybenzoate : Any benzoate derivative carrying a single carboxylate group and at least one hydroxy substituent.. salicylates : Any salt or ester arising from reaction of the carboxy group of salicylic acid, or any ester resulting from the condensation of the phenolic hydroxy group of salicylic acid with an organic acid.. salicylate : A monohydroxybenzoate that is the conjugate base of salicylic acid.	4.97	2	1	monohydroxybenzoate	plant metabolite
mobic Meloxicam: A benzothiazine and thiazole derivative that acts as a NSAID and cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) inhibitor. It is used in the treatment of RHEUMATOID ARTHRITIS; OSTEOARTHRITIS; and ANKYLOSING SPONDYLITIS.. meloxicam : A benzothiazine that is piroxicam in which the pyridin-2-yl group is replaced by a 5-methyl-1,3-thiazol-2-yl group. A non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug and selective inhibitor of COX-2, it is used particularly for the management of rheumatoid arthritis.	2.6	1	0	1,3-thiazoles; benzothiazine; monocarboxylic acid amide	analgesic; antirheumatic drug; cyclooxygenase 2 inhibitor; non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug
warfarin Warfarin: An anticoagulant that acts by inhibiting the synthesis of vitamin K-dependent coagulation factors. Warfarin is indicated for the prophylaxis and/or treatment of venous thrombosis and its extension, pulmonary embolism, and atrial fibrillation with embolization. It is also used as an adjunct in the prophylaxis of systemic embolism after myocardial infarction. Warfarin is also used as a rodenticide.. warfarin : A racemate comprising equal amounts of (R)- and (S)-warfarin. Extensively used as both an anticoagulant drug and as a pesticide against rats and mice.. 4-hydroxy-3-(3-oxo-1-phenylbutyl)-1-benzopyran-2-one : A member of the class of coumarins that is 4-hydroxycoumarin which is substituted at position 3 by a 1-phenyl-3-oxo-1-butyl group.	2.01	1	0	benzenes; hydroxycoumarin; methyl ketone
tenuazonic acid Tenuazonic Acid: 3-Acetyl-5-sec-butyl-4-hydroxy-3-pyrrolin-2-one. A metabolite found in a strain of the fungus Alternaria tenuis Auct. which functions as an antibiotic with antiviral and antineoplastic properties, and may also act as a mycotoxin.. tenuazonic acid : A member of the class of pyrrolidin-2-ones that is 5-(butan-2-yl)pyrrolidine-2,4-dione carrying an additional acetyl group at position 3. A mycotoxin produced by various plant pathogenic fungi.	2.06	1	0
ascorbate-2-phosphate ascorbate-2-phosphate: inhibitor of ascorbate-2-sulfate sulfohydrolase from bovine liver. L-ascorbic acid 2-phosphate : An aldonolactone phosphate that is the 2-phosphate ester of L-ascorbic acid. It can stimulate collagen formation.	2.02	1	0	aldonolactone phosphate
tipranavir tipranavir: inhibits HIV-1 protease. tipranavir : A pyridine-2-sulfonamide substituted at C-5 by a trifluoromethyl group and at the sulfonamide nitrogen by a dihydropyrone-containing m-tolyl substituent. It is an HIV-1 protease inhibitor.	2.6	1	0	sulfonamide	antiviral drug; HIV protease inhibitor
tasquinimod tasquinimod: a lead second generation quinoline-3-carboxamide anti-angiogenic agent for the treatment of prostate cancer; structure in first source	2.6	1	0
ascorbic acid 2-o-glucoside ascorbic acid 2-O-glucoside: has same vitamin C activity as L-ascorbic acid	2.03	1	0	glycoside
tetrapetalone a tetrapetalone A: a lipoxygenase inhibitor; structure in first source	2.02	1	0
gsk1265744 [no description available]	2.6	1	0	difluorobenzene; monocarboxylic acid amide; organic heterotricyclic compound; secondary carboxamide	HIV-1 integrase inhibitor
neoagarotetraose [no description available]	2.05	1	0
abt-267 ombitasvir: inhibits HCV NS5A protein, component of Viekirax. ombitasvir : A dipeptide derivative which is used which is in combination with dasabuvir sodium hydrate, paritaprevir and ritonavir (under the trade name Viekira Pak) for treatment of chronic hepatitis C virus genotype 1 infection as well as cirrhosis of the liver.	2.6	1	0	aromatic amide; carbamate ester; dipeptide; pyrrolidines	antiviral drug; hepatitis C virus nonstructural protein 5A inhibitor
abt-333 dasabuvir: an antiviral agent. dasabuvir : A member of the class of pyrimidone, which is (as the monohydrate of its sodium salt) in combination with ombitasvir, paritaprevir and ritonavir (under the trade name Viekira Pak) for treatment of chronic hepatitis C virus genotype 1 infection as well as cirrhosis of the liver.	2.6	1	0	aromatic ether; naphthalenes; pyrimidone; sulfonamide	antiviral drug; nonnucleoside hepatitis C virus polymerase inhibitor
rgfp966 [no description available]	2.6	1	0
rg2833 RG2833: a histone deacetylase inhibitor; structure in first source	2.6	1	0
pi-1840 PI-1840: has both antineoplastic and proteasome inhibitory activities; structure in first source	2.6	1	0
5-adamantan-1-yl-n-(2,4-dihydroxybenzyl)-2,4-dimethoxybenzamide 5-adamantan-1-yl-N-(2,4-dihydroxybenzyl)-2,4-dimethoxybenzamide: a tyrosinase inhibitor; structure in first source	2.07	1	0
acy-738 [no description available]	2.6	1	0
pelabresib CPI-0610: a bromodomain and extra-terminal protein inhibitor with antineoplastic activity; structure in first source	2.6	1	0	monochlorobenzenes; organic heterotricyclic compound; primary carboxamide	antineoplastic agent; bromodomain-containing protein 4 inhibitor
gs-5806 presatovir: a respiratory syncytial virus entry inhibitor	2.6	1	0
doravirine [no description available]	2.6	1	0
gn6958 GN6958: inhibits SUMO-sentrin specific protease 1 (SENP1); structure in first source	2.6	1	0
vx-787 pimodivir: non‐nucleotide inhibitor of the polymerase basic protein 2 (PB2) subunit of the influenza A that is active against H1N1, H7N9 and H5N1, as well as influenza A strains with reduced susceptibility to NAIs	2.6	1	0
ledipasvir ledipasvir : A benzimidazole derivative that is used in combination with sofosbuvir (under the trade name Harvoni) for the treatment of chronic hepatitis C genotype 1 infection.	2.6	1	0	azaspiro compound; benzimidazole; bridged compound; carbamate ester; carboxamide; fluorenes; imidazoles; L-valine derivative; N-acylpyrrolidine; organofluorine compound	antiviral drug; hepatitis C protease inhibitor
gs-5816 velpatasvir: an NS5A inhibitor used for treating hepatitis C infections. velpatasvir : A complex organic heteropentacyclic compound that is a hepatitis C virus nonstructural protein 5A inhibitor used in combination with sofosbuvir (under the brand name Epclusa) for treatment of patients with chronic hepatitis C of all six major genotypes.	2.6	1	0	carbamate ester; ether; imidazoles; L-valine derivative; N-acylpyrrolidine; organic heteropentacyclic compound; ring assembly	antiviral drug; hepatitis C virus nonstructural protein 5A inhibitor
g007-lk G007-LK: potent and specific small-molecule tankyrase inhibitor; structure in first source	2.6	1	0
asperparaline a aspergillimide: isolated from Aspergillus; structure in first source. asperparaline A : An alkaloid isolated from Aspergillus aculeatus.	2.11	1	0	alkaloid; azaspiro compound; dicarboximide	Aspergillus metabolite
cucurbitane cucurbitane: structure in first source. cucurbitane : A triterpene that is an isomer of lanostane obtained by migration of the methyl group from 10 to the 9beta position.	2.03	1	0	triterpene
4-((1-butyl-3-phenylureido)methyl)-n-hydroxybenzamide 4-((1-butyl-3-phenylureido)methyl)-N-hydroxybenzamide: inhibits HDAC6; structure in first source	2.6	1	0
selinexor selinexor: inhibits karyopherin XPO1	2.6	1	0
verdinexor verdinexor: a selective inhibitor of nuclear export	2.6	1	0
agar Agar: A complex sulfated polymer of galactose units, extracted from Gelidium cartilagineum, Gracilaria confervoides, and related red algae. It is used as a gel in the preparation of solid culture media for microorganisms, as a bulk laxative, in making emulsions, and as a supporting medium for immunodiffusion and immunoelectrophoresis.. agar : A complex mixture of polysaccharides extracted from species of red algae. Its two main components are agarose and agaropectin. Agarose is the component responsible for the high-strength gelling properties of agar, while agaropectin provides the viscous properties.	2.05	1	0
cb-839 [no description available]	2.6	1	0
mk-8742 elbasvir: inhibits NS5A protein of hepatitis C virus. elbasvir : A complex organic heterotetracyclic compound that is a hepatitis C virus nonstructural protein 5A inhibitor used in combination with grazoprevir (under the brand name Zepatier) for treatment of chronic HCV genotypes 1 or 4 infection in adults.	2.6	1	0	carbamate ester; imidazoles; L-valine derivative; N-acylpyrrolidine; organic heterotetracyclic compound; ring assembly	antiviral drug; hepatitis C virus nonstructural protein 5A inhibitor; hepatoprotective agent
atglistatin atglistatin: inhibits adipose triglyceride lipase; structure in first source. atglistatin : A biphenyl that is 1,1'-biphenyl substituted by (dimethylcarbamoyl)amino and dimethylamino groups at positions 3 and 4', respectively. It is a potent inhibitor of adipose triglyceride lipase activity (IC50 = 700nM).	2.6	1	0
xen445 [no description available]	2.6	1	0
santacruzamate a santacruzamate A: HDAC2 inhibitor from the Panamanian marine cyanobacterium cf. Symploca sp.; structure in first source	2.6	1	0	organonitrogen compound; organooxygen compound
ldc4297 LDC4297: a CDK7 inhibitor with antineoplastic activity; structure in first source. LDC4297 : A pyrazolotriazine that is pyrazolo[1,5-a][1,3,5]triazine substituted by a piperidin-3-yloxy group, [2-(1H-pyrazol-1-yl)benzyl]nitrilo group and an isopropyl group at positions 2, 4 and 8 respectively. It is a potent and selective CDK7 inhibitor and exhibits antiviral activity.	2.6	1	0	aromatic ether; piperidines; pyrazoles; pyrazolotriazine; secondary amino compound	antineoplastic agent; antiviral agent; apoptosis inducer; EC 2.7.11.22 (cyclin-dependent kinase) inhibitor
imidacloprid (E)-imidacloprid : The E-isomer of imidacloprid.	2.06	1	0	imidacloprid; imidazolidines; monochloropyridine	environmental contaminant; genotoxin; neonicotinoid insectide; nicotinic acetylcholine receptor agonist; xenobiotic
clothianidin (E)-clothianidin : A clothiadin that has E configuration at the C=N bond of the nitroguanidine moiety.	2.06	1	0	1,3-thiazoles; 2-nitroguanidine derivative; clothianidin; organochlorine compound	environmental contaminant; neonicotinoid insectide; nicotinic acetylcholine receptor agonist; xenobiotic
enasidenib [no description available]	2.6	1	0	1,3,5-triazines; aminopyridine; aromatic amine; organofluorine compound; secondary amino compound; tertiary alcohol	antineoplastic agent; EC 1.1.1.42 (isocitrate dehydrogenase) inhibitor
hyaluronoglucosaminidase Hyaluronoglucosaminidase: An enzyme that catalyzes the random hydrolysis of 1,4-linkages between N-acetyl-beta-D-glucosamine and D-glucuronate residues in hyaluronate. (From Enzyme Nomenclature, 1992) There has been use as ANTINEOPLASTIC AGENTS to limit NEOPLASM METASTASIS.	2.31	1	0
s 8932 [no description available]	2.6	1	0	aromatic amine; C-nucleoside; carboxylic ester; nitrile; phosphoramidate ester; pyrrolotriazine	anticoronaviral agent; antiviral drug; prodrug
entecavir entecavir (anhydrous) : Guanine substituted at the 9 position by a 4-hydroxy-3-(hydroxymethyl)-2-methylidenecyclopentyl group. A synthetic analogue of 2'-deoxyguanosine, it is a nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor with selective antiviral activity against hepatitis B virus. Entecavir is phosphorylated intracellularly to the active triphosphate form, which competes with deoxyguanosine triphosphate, the natural substrate of hepatitis B virus reverse transcriptase, inhibiting every stage of the enzyme's activity, although it has no activity against HIV. It is used for the treatment of chronic hepatitis B.	2.6	1	0	2-aminopurines; oxopurine; primary alcohol; secondary alcohol	antiviral drug; EC 2.7.7.49 (RNA-directed DNA polymerase) inhibitor
acyclovir Acyclovir: A GUANOSINE analog that acts as an antimetabolite. Viruses are especially susceptible. Used especially against herpes.. acyclovir : An oxopurine that is guanine substituted by a (2-hydroxyethoxy)methyl substituent at position 9. Used in the treatment of viral infections.	2.6	1	0	2-aminopurines; oxopurine	antimetabolite; antiviral drug
nu 1025 NU 1064: structure in first source	2.6	1	0	phenols; quinazolines	EC 2.4.2.30 (NAD(+) ADP-ribosyltransferase) inhibitor
deoxyguanosine [no description available]	2.03	1	0	purine 2'-deoxyribonucleoside; purines 2'-deoxy-D-ribonucleoside	Escherichia coli metabolite; human metabolite; mouse metabolite; Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite
rifampin Rifampin: A semisynthetic antibiotic produced from Streptomyces mediterranei. It has a broad antibacterial spectrum, including activity against several forms of Mycobacterium. In susceptible organisms it inhibits DNA-dependent RNA polymerase activity by forming a stable complex with the enzyme. It thus suppresses the initiation of RNA synthesis. Rifampin is bactericidal, and acts on both intracellular and extracellular organisms. (From Gilman et al., Goodman and Gilman's The Pharmacological Basis of Therapeutics, 9th ed, p1160)	2.11	1	0	cyclic ketal; hydrazone; N-iminopiperazine; N-methylpiperazine; rifamycins; semisynthetic derivative; zwitterion	angiogenesis inhibitor; antiamoebic agent; antineoplastic agent; antitubercular agent; DNA synthesis inhibitor; EC 2.7.7.6 (RNA polymerase) inhibitor; Escherichia coli metabolite; geroprotector; leprostatic drug; neuroprotective agent; pregnane X receptor agonist; protein synthesis inhibitor
didanosine Didanosine: A dideoxynucleoside compound in which the 3'-hydroxy group on the sugar moiety has been replaced by a hydrogen. This modification prevents the formation of phosphodiester linkages which are needed for the completion of nucleic acid chains. Didanosine is a potent inhibitor of HIV replication, acting as a chain-terminator of viral DNA by binding to reverse transcriptase; ddI is then metabolized to dideoxyadenosine triphosphate, its putative active metabolite.. didanosine : A purine 2',3'-dideoxyribonucleoside that is inosine in which the hydroxy groups at both the 2' and the 3' positions on the sugar moiety have been replaced by hydrogen. An antiviral drug, it is used as a medication to treat HIV/AIDS.	2.6	1	0	purine 2',3'-dideoxyribonucleoside	antimetabolite; antiviral drug; EC 2.4.2.1 (purine-nucleoside phosphorylase) inhibitor; geroprotector; HIV-1 reverse transcriptase inhibitor
ganciclovir [no description available]	2.6	1	0	2-aminopurines; oxopurine	antiinfective agent; antiviral drug
valacyclovir Valacyclovir: A prodrug of acyclovir that is used in the treatment of HERPES ZOSTER and HERPES SIMPLEX VIRUS INFECTION of the skin and mucous membranes, including GENITAL HERPES.	2.6	1	0	L-valyl ester	antiviral drug
penciclovir penciclovir : A member of the class of 2-aminopurines that is guanine in which the hydrogen at position 9 is substituted by a 4-hydroxy-3-(hydroxymethyl)but-1-yl group. An antiviral drug, it is administered topically for treatment of herpes labialis. A prodrug, famciclovir, is used for oral administration.	2.6	1	0	2-aminopurines; propane-1,3-diols	antiviral drug
allopurinol Allopurinol: A XANTHINE OXIDASE inhibitor that decreases URIC ACID production. It also acts as an antimetabolite on some simpler organisms.. allopurinol : A bicyclic structure comprising a pyrazole ring fused to a hydroxy-substituted pyrimidine ring.	4.13	4	0	nucleobase analogue; organic heterobicyclic compound	antimetabolite; EC 1.17.3.2 (xanthine oxidase) inhibitor; gout suppressant; radical scavenger
4-hydroxyquinazoline 4-oxo-3,4-dihydroquinazoline: structure in first source	2.6	1	0	quinazolines
2,4-diaminohypoxanthine 2,4-diaminohypoxanthine: do not confuse abbreviation DAHP with various dehydro-deoxy-arabino-heptulosonic acid phosphates which also use DAHP; RN given refers to parent cpd; structure	2.06	1	0	hydroxypyrimidine
furildioxime furildioxime: chelating agent for nickel analysis	2	1	0
tegaserod tegaserod: a nonbenzamide 5-hydroxytryptamine(4) agonist; used in treatment of irritable bowel syndrome; marketing suspended 2007 in US due to higher incidence of MI, stroke, and unstable angina; structure given in first source	2.6	1	0	carboxamidine; guanidines; hydrazines; indoles	gastrointestinal drug; serotonergic agonist
norclozapine norclozapine: structure given in first source. N-desmethylclozapine : A dibenzodoazepine substituted with chloro and piperazino groups which is a major metabolite of clozapine; a potent and selective 5-HT2C serotonin receptor antagonist.	2.6	1	0	dibenzodiazepine; organochlorine compound; piperazines	delta-opioid receptor agonist; metabolite; serotonergic antagonist
pemetrexed pemetrexed disodium : An organic sodium salt that is the disodium salt of N-{4-[2-(2-amino-4-oxo-4,7-dihydro-1H-pyrrolo[2,3-d]pyrimidin-5-yl)ethyl]benzoyl}-L-glutamic acid. Inhibits thymidylate synthase (TS), 421 dihydrofolate reductase (DHFR), and glycinamide ribonucleotide formyltransferase (GARFT).	2.6	1	0	N-acyl-L-glutamic acid; pyrrolopyrimidine	antimetabolite; antineoplastic agent; EC 1.5.1.3 (dihydrofolate reductase) inhibitor; EC 2.1.1.45 (thymidylate synthase) inhibitor; EC 2.1.2.2 (phosphoribosylglycinamide formyltransferase) inhibitor
aprepitant Aprepitant: A morpholine neurokinin-1 (NK1) receptor antagonist that is used in the management of nausea and vomiting caused by DRUG THERAPY, and for the prevention of POSTOPERATIVE NAUSEA AND VOMITING.. aprepitant : A morpholine-based antiemetic, which is or the prevention of acute and delayed nausea and vomiting associated with initial and repeat courses of highly emetogenic cancer chemotherapy. Aprepitant is a selective high-affinity antagonist of human substance P/neurokinin 1 (NK1) receptors.	2.6	1	0	(trifluoromethyl)benzenes; cyclic acetal; morpholines; triazoles	antidepressant; antiemetic; neurokinin-1 receptor antagonist; peripheral nervous system drug; substance P receptor antagonist
hymenialdisine [no description available]	2.06	1	0
azilsartan azilsartan: an angiotensin type 1 receptor blocker; receptor blocker. azilsartan : A benzimidazolecarboxylic acid that is benzimidazole-7-carboxylic acid substituted at position 2 by a methoxy group and at position 1 by a 2'-[(5-oxo-4,5-dihydro-1,2,4-oxadiazol-3-yl)biphenyl-4-yl]methyl group. Used (as the prodrug, azilsartan medoxomil) for treatment of hypertension.	2.6	1	0	1,2,4-oxadiazole; aromatic ether; benzimidazolecarboxylic acid	angiotensin receptor antagonist; antihypertensive agent
hesperadin [no description available]	2.6	1	0
salicylaldehyde thiosemicarbazone salicylaldehyde thiosemicarbazone: structure given in first source	3.31	1	0
8-hydroxy-2'-deoxyguanosine 8-Hydroxy-2'-Deoxyguanosine: Common oxidized form of deoxyguanosine in which C-8 position of guanine base has a carbonyl group.. 8-hydroxy-2'-deoxyguanosine : Guanosine substituted at the purine 8-position by a hydroxy group. It is used as a biomarker of oxidative DNA damage.	2.03	1	0	guanosines	biomarker
6-bromoindirubin-3'-acetoxime 6-bromoindirubin-3'-acetoxime: a synthetic derivative of a compound from the Mediterranean mollusk Hexaplex trunculus, protects cells from varicella infection	2.6	1	0
n'-(3,4-dihydroxybenzylidene)-3-hydroxy-2-naphthahydrazide [no description available]	2.6	1	0	catechols; hydrazide; hydrazone; naphthols	EC 3.6.5.5 (dynamin GTPase) inhibitor
XL413 XL413 : A benzofuropyrimidine that is 3,4-dihydro[1]benzofuro[3,2-d]pyrimidine substituted by (2S)-pyrrolidin-2-yl, oxo and chloro groups at positions 2, 4, and 8, respectively. It is a potent ATP competitive inhibitor of Cdc7 kinase (IC50 = 3.4 nM) and exhibits anticancer properties.	2.6	1	0	benzofuropyrimidine; organochlorine compound; pyrrolidines	antineoplastic agent; EC 2.7.11.1 (non-specific serine/threonine protein kinase) inhibitor
me0328 ME0328: inhibits ARTD3; structure in first source	2.6	1	0
nvp-tnks656 [no description available]	2.6	1	0

Condition	Relationship Strength	Studies	Trials
Leukemia P388 An experimental lymphocytic leukemia originally induced in DBA/2 mice by painting with methylcholanthrene.	1.98	1	0
Sensitivity and Specificity Binary classification measures to assess test results. Sensitivity or recall rate is the proportion of true positives. Specificity is the probability of correctly determining the absence of a condition. (From Last, Dictionary of Epidemiology, 2d ed)	3.13	5	0
Incontinentia Pigmenti Achromians [description not available]	6.05	6	1
Disease Models, Animal Naturally-occurring or experimentally-induced animal diseases with pathological processes analogous to human diseases.	2.78	3	0
Fra(X) Syndrome [description not available]	2.04	1	0
Fragile X Syndrome A condition characterized genotypically by mutation of the distal end of the long arm of the X chromosome (at gene loci FRAXA or FRAXE) and phenotypically by cognitive impairment, hyperactivity, SEIZURES, language delay, and enlargement of the ears, head, and testes. INTELLECTUAL DISABILITY occurs in nearly all males and roughly 50% of females with the full mutation of FRAXA. (From Menkes, Textbook of Child Neurology, 5th ed, p226)	2.04	1	0
Malignant Melanoma [description not available]	5.91	22	0
Melanoma A malignant neoplasm derived from cells that are capable of forming melanin, which may occur in the skin of any part of the body, in the eye, or, rarely, in the mucous membranes of the genitalia, anus, oral cavity, or other sites. It occurs mostly in adults and may originate de novo or from a pigmented nevus or malignant lentigo. Melanomas frequently metastasize widely, and the regional lymph nodes, liver, lungs, and brain are likely to be involved. The incidence of malignant skin melanomas is rising rapidly in all parts of the world. (Stedman, 25th ed; from Rook et al., Textbook of Dermatology, 4th ed, p2445)	5.91	22	0
B16 Melanoma [description not available]	5.98	39	0
Hypermelanosis [description not available]	8.6	22	2
Hyperpigmentation Excessive pigmentation of the skin, usually as a result of increased epidermal or dermal melanin pigmentation, hypermelanosis. Hyperpigmentation can be localized or generalized. The condition may arise from exposure to light, chemicals or other substances, or from a primary metabolic imbalance.	8.6	22	2
Leukemia L 1210 [description not available]	3.64	3	0
Benign Neoplasms [description not available]	4.6	5	0
Neoplasms New abnormal growth of tissue. Malignant neoplasms show a greater degree of anaplasia and have the properties of invasion and metastasis, compared to benign neoplasms.	4.6	5	0
Anemia, Fanconi [description not available]	2.13	1	0
Fanconi Anemia Congenital disorder affecting all bone marrow elements, resulting in ANEMIA; LEUKOPENIA; and THROMBOPENIA, and associated with cardiac, renal, and limb malformations as well as dermal pigmentary changes. Spontaneous CHROMOSOME BREAKAGE is a feature of this disease along with predisposition to LEUKEMIA. There are at least 7 complementation groups in Fanconi anemia: FANCA, FANCB, FANCC, FANCD1, FANCD2, FANCE, FANCF, FANCG, and FANCL. (from Online Mendelian Inheritance in Man, http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/dispomim.cgi?id=227650, August 20, 2004)	2.13	1	0
Congenital Zika Syndrome [description not available]	2.25	1	0
Zika Virus Infection A viral disease transmitted by the bite of AEDES mosquitoes infected with ZIKA VIRUS. Its mild DENGUE-like symptoms include fever, rash, headaches and ARTHRALGIA. The viral infection during pregnancy, in rare cases, is associated with congenital brain and ocular abnormalities, called Congenital Zika Syndrome, including MICROCEPHALY and may also lead to GUILLAIN-BARRE SYNDROME.	2.25	1	0
Colitis Inflammation of the COLON section of the large intestine (INTESTINE, LARGE), usually with symptoms such as DIARRHEA (often with blood and mucus), ABDOMINAL PAIN, and FEVER.	2.31	1	0
Chloasma [description not available]	13.35	23	5
Melanosis Disorders of increased melanin pigmentation that develop without preceding inflammatory disease.	13.35	23	5
Hepatocellular Carcinoma [description not available]	2.72	2	0
Innate Inflammatory Response [description not available]	3.82	3	0
Cancer of Liver [description not available]	3.18	5	0
Carcinoma, Hepatocellular A primary malignant neoplasm of epithelial liver cells. It ranges from a well-differentiated tumor with EPITHELIAL CELLS indistinguishable from normal HEPATOCYTES to a poorly differentiated neoplasm. The cells may be uniform or markedly pleomorphic, or form GIANT CELLS. Several classification schemes have been suggested.	2.72	2	0
Inflammation A pathological process characterized by injury or destruction of tissues caused by a variety of cytologic and chemical reactions. It is usually manifested by typical signs of pain, heat, redness, swelling, and loss of function.	3.82	3	0
Liver Neoplasms Tumors or cancer of the LIVER.	3.18	5	0
Glial Cell Tumors [description not available]	2.52	2	0
Glioma Benign and malignant central nervous system neoplasms derived from glial cells (i.e., astrocytes, oligodendrocytes, and ependymocytes). Astrocytes may give rise to astrocytomas (ASTROCYTOMA) or glioblastoma multiforme (see GLIOBLASTOMA). Oligodendrocytes give rise to oligodendrogliomas (OLIGODENDROGLIOMA) and ependymocytes may undergo transformation to become EPENDYMOMA; CHOROID PLEXUS NEOPLASMS; or colloid cysts of the third ventricle. (From Escourolle et al., Manual of Basic Neuropathology, 2nd ed, p21)	2.52	2	0
Facial Dermatoses Skin diseases involving the FACE.	5.71	7	3
Acute Confusional Senile Dementia [description not available]	2.72	2	0
Alzheimer Disease A degenerative disease of the BRAIN characterized by the insidious onset of DEMENTIA. Impairment of MEMORY, judgment, attention span, and problem solving skills are followed by severe APRAXIAS and a global loss of cognitive abilities. The condition primarily occurs after age 60, and is marked pathologically by severe cortical atrophy and the triad of SENILE PLAQUES; NEUROFIBRILLARY TANGLES; and NEUROPIL THREADS. (From Adams et al., Principles of Neurology, 6th ed, pp1049-57)	2.72	2	0
Cancer of Skin [description not available]	3.7	9	0
Skin Neoplasms Tumors or cancer of the SKIN.	3.7	9	0
Erythema Redness of the skin produced by congestion of the capillaries. This condition may result from a variety of disease processes.	3.95	2	1
Cardiac Toxicity [description not available]	2.17	1	0
Cardiotoxicity Damage to the HEART or its function secondary to exposure to toxic substances such as drugs used in CHEMOTHERAPY; IMMUNOTHERAPY; or RADIATION.	2.17	1	0
Extravascular Hemolysis [description not available]	2.17	1	0
Hemolysis The destruction of ERYTHROCYTES by many different causal agents such as antibodies, bacteria, chemicals, temperature, and changes in tonicity.	2.17	1	0
Dysplastic Nevus Syndrome, Hereditary [description not available]	2.17	1	0
Invasiveness, Neoplasm [description not available]	2.17	1	0
Allergic Contact Dermatitis [description not available]	2.93	4	0
Dermatitis, Allergic Contact A contact dermatitis due to allergic sensitization to various substances. These substances subsequently produce inflammatory reactions in the skin of those who have acquired hypersensitivity to them as a result of prior exposure.	2.93	4	0
Ametropia [description not available]	2.17	1	0
Refractive Errors Deviations from the average or standard indices of refraction of the eye through its dioptric or refractive apparatus.	2.17	1	0
Vitiligo A disorder consisting of areas of macular depigmentation, commonly on extensor aspects of extremities, on the face or neck, and in skin folds. Age of onset is often in young adulthood and the condition tends to progress gradually with lesions enlarging and extending until a quiescent state is reached.	2.21	1	0
Toxoplasmosis, Animal Acquired infection of non-human animals by organisms of the genus TOXOPLASMA.	2.21	1	0
Necrosis The death of cells in an organ or tissue due to disease, injury or failure of the blood supply.	2.5	2	0
Cancer of Lung [description not available]	2.08	1	0
Lung Neoplasms Tumors or cancer of the LUNG.	2.08	1	0
Dermatomycoses Superficial infections of the skin or its appendages by any of various fungi.	2.08	1	0
Skin Aging The process of aging due to changes in the structure and elasticity of the skin over time. It may be a part of physiological aging or it may be due to the effects of ultraviolet radiation, usually through exposure to sunlight.	8.62	3	0
Experimental Radiation Injuries [description not available]	2.1	1	0
Gastritis Inflammation of the GASTRIC MUCOSA, a lesion observed in a number of unrelated disorders.	2.1	1	0
Dermatoses [description not available]	2.49	2	0
Skin Diseases Diseases involving the DERMIS or EPIDERMIS.	2.49	2	0
Body Weight The mass or quantity of heaviness of an individual. It is expressed by units of pounds or kilograms.	3.62	9	0
Dermatitis Any inflammation of the skin.	3.04	1	0
Xanthoma [description not available]	2.04	1	0
Eyelid Diseases Diseases involving the EYELIDS.	2.04	1	0
Injuries, Radiation [description not available]	2.05	1	0
Condition, Preneoplastic [description not available]	2.92	4	0
Hypertrophy General increase in bulk of a part or organ due to CELL ENLARGEMENT and accumulation of FLUIDS AND SECRETIONS, not due to tumor formation, nor to an increase in the number of cells (HYPERPLASIA).	2.05	1	0
Precancerous Conditions Pathological conditions that tend eventually to become malignant.	2.92	4	0
HIV Coinfection [description not available]	2.05	1	0
HIV Infections Includes the spectrum of human immunodeficiency virus infections that range from asymptomatic seropositivity, thru AIDS-related complex (ARC), to acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS).	2.05	1	0
Hypomelanosis [description not available]	2.05	1	0
Dermatitis Medicamentosa [description not available]	2.42	2	0
Hypopigmentation A condition caused by a deficiency or a loss of melanin pigmentation in the epidermis, also known as hypomelanosis. Hypopigmentation can be localized or generalized, and may result from genetic defects, trauma, inflammation, or infections.	2.05	1	0
Absence Seizure [description not available]	2.67	3	0
Seizures Clinical or subclinical disturbances of cortical function due to a sudden, abnormal, excessive, and disorganized discharge of brain cells. Clinical manifestations include abnormal motor, sensory and psychic phenomena. Recurrent seizures are usually referred to as EPILEPSY or seizure disorder.	2.67	3	0
Contact Dermatitis [description not available]	7.05	1	0
Dermatitis, Contact A type of acute or chronic skin reaction in which sensitivity is manifested by reactivity to materials or substances coming in contact with the skin. It may involve allergic or non-allergic mechanisms.	2.05	1	0
Encephalopathy, Toxic [description not available]	2.05	1	0
Lentigines [description not available]	4.38	2	2
Lentigo Small circumscribed melanoses resembling, but differing histologically from, freckles. The concept includes senile lentigo ('liver spots') and nevoid lentigo (nevus spilus, lentigo simplex) and may also occur in association with multiple congenital defects or congenital syndromes (e.g., Peutz-Jeghers syndrome).	4.38	2	2
Alloxan Diabetes [description not available]	2.72	3	0
Diabetes Mellitus A heterogeneous group of disorders characterized by HYPERGLYCEMIA and GLUCOSE INTOLERANCE.	2.06	1	0
Acne [description not available]	2.06	1	0
Acne Vulgaris A chronic disorder of the pilosebaceous apparatus associated with an increase in sebum secretion. It is characterized by open comedones (blackheads), closed comedones (whiteheads), and pustular nodules. The cause is unknown, but heredity and age are predisposing factors.	2.06	1	0
Sunburn An injury to the skin causing erythema, tenderness, and sometimes blistering and resulting from excessive exposure to the sun. The reaction is produced by the ultraviolet radiation in sunlight.	2.07	1	0
Skin Ulcer An ULCER of the skin and underlying tissues.	2.08	1	0
Genetic Predisposition [description not available]	2.01	1	0
Adenoma, Hepatocellular [description not available]	2.01	1	0
Focal Nodular Hyperplasia Solitary or multiple benign hepatic vascular tumors, usually occurring in women of 20-50 years of age. The nodule, poorly encapsulated, consists of a central stellate fibrous scar and normal liver elements such as HEPATOCYTES, small BILE DUCTS, and KUPFFER CELLS among the intervening fibrous septa. The pale colored central scar represents large blood vessels with hyperplastic fibromuscular layer and narrowing lumen.	2.01	1	0
Abnormalities, Autosome [description not available]	2.4	2	0
Iron Overload An excessive accumulation of iron in the body due to a greater than normal absorption of iron from the gastrointestinal tract or from parenteral injection. This may arise from idiopathic hemochromatosis, excessive iron intake, chronic alcoholism, certain types of refractory anemia, or transfusional hemosiderosis. (From Churchill's Illustrated Medical Dictionary, 1989)	2.02	1	0
Experimental Hepatoma [description not available]	2.72	3	0
Chromosome-Defective Micronuclei [description not available]	2.43	2	0
Adenoma, Basal Cell [description not available]	2.92	4	0
Carcinoma, Anaplastic [description not available]	2.03	1	0
Cancer of the Thyroid [description not available]	3.26	6	0
Adenoma A benign epithelial tumor with a glandular organization.	2.92	4	0
Carcinoma A malignant neoplasm made up of epithelial cells tending to infiltrate the surrounding tissues and give rise to metastases. It is a histological type of neoplasm and not a synonym for cancer.	2.03	1	0
Hyperplasia An increase in the number of cells in a tissue or organ without tumor formation. It differs from HYPERTROPHY, which is an increase in bulk without an increase in the number of cells.	7.92	4	0
Thyroid Neoplasms Tumors or cancer of the THYROID GLAND.	3.26	6	0
Complications, Pregnancy [description not available]	7.01	5	0
Pregnancy The status during which female mammals carry their developing young (EMBRYOS or FETUSES) in utero before birth, beginning from FERTILIZATION to BIRTH.	7.01	5	0
Dermatitis, Contact, Phototoxic [description not available]	2.03	1	0
Autotomy Human [description not available]	1.98	1	0
Neuroses [description not available]	1.98	1	0
Neurotic Disorders Disorders in which the symptoms are distressing to the individual and recognized by him or her as being unacceptable. Social relationships may be greatly affected but usually remain within acceptable limits. The disturbance is relatively enduring or recurrent without treatment.	1.98	1	0
Arteriosclerosis Thickening and loss of elasticity of the walls of ARTERIES of all sizes. There are many forms classified by the types of lesions and arteries involved, such as ATHEROSCLEROSIS with fatty lesions in the ARTERIAL INTIMA of medium and large muscular arteries.	1.98	1	0
Weight Gain Increase in BODY WEIGHT over existing weight.	2.39	2	0
Central Hypothyroidism [description not available]	2	1	0
Hypothyroidism A syndrome that results from abnormally low secretion of THYROID HORMONES from the THYROID GLAND, leading to a decrease in BASAL METABOLIC RATE. In its most severe form, there is accumulation of MUCOPOLYSACCHARIDES in the SKIN and EDEMA, known as MYXEDEMA. It may be primary or secondary due to other pituitary disease, or hypothalamic dysfunction.	2	1	0
Thyroid Diseases Pathological processes involving the THYROID GLAND.	2.41	2	0
Cocarcinogenesis The combination of two or more different factors in the production of cancer.	2	1	0
Anoxemia [description not available]	2	1	0
Hypothermia, Accidental [description not available]	2	1	0
Hypoxia Sub-optimal OXYGEN levels in the ambient air of living organisms.	2	1	0
Hypothermia Lower than normal body temperature, especially in warm-blooded animals.	2	1	0
Leucocythaemia [description not available]	2	1	0
Leukemia A progressive, malignant disease of the blood-forming organs, characterized by distorted proliferation and development of leukocytes and their precursors in the blood and bone marrow. Leukemias were originally termed acute or chronic based on life expectancy but now are classified according to cellular maturity. Acute leukemias consist of predominately immature cells; chronic leukemias are composed of more mature cells. (From The Merck Manual, 2006)	2	1	0
Nevi, Melanocytic [description not available]	2.01	1	0
Nevus, Pigmented A nevus containing melanin. The term is usually restricted to nevocytic nevi (round or oval collections of melanin-containing nevus cells occurring at the dermoepidermal junction of the skin or in the dermis proper) or moles, but may be applied to other pigmented nevi.	2.01	1	0
Injury, Myocardial Reperfusion [description not available]	2.38	2	0
Fungus Poisoning [description not available]	1.97	1	0

kojic acid

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Protein Targets (19)

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Research Demand Index: 73.81

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Trial Overview

kojic acid

Cross-References

Synonyms (118)

Research Excerpts

Overview

Effects

Actions

Treatment

Toxicity

Bioavailability

Dosage Studied

Roles (8)

Drug Classes (3)

Protein Targets (19)

Potency Measurements

Inhibition Measurements

Activation Measurements

Other Measurements

Biological Processes (37)

Molecular Functions (23)

Ceullar Components (18)

Bioassays (585)

Research

Studies (627)

Market Indicators

Research Demand Index: 73.81

Study Types

Clinical Trials (1)

Trial Overview

Related Drugs (1,240)

Related Conditions (118)