citral profile

citral: Xref geranial: geraniol is also available; Xref neral: nerol is also available; vitamin A antagonist; oxygenated monoterpene; inhibits cytosolic dehydrogenases; structure [Medical Subject Headings (MeSH), National Library of Medicine, extracted Dec-2023]

citral : An enal that consists of octa-2,6-dienal bearing methyl substituents at positions 3 and 7. A mixture of the two geometric isomers geranial and neral, it is the major constituent (75-85%) of oil of lemon grass, the volatile oil of Cymbopogon citratus, or of C. flexuosus. It also occurs in oils of verbena, lemon, and orange. [Chemical Entities of Biological Interest (ChEBI), Hastings J, Owen G, Dekker A, Ennis M, Kale N, Muthukrishnan V, Turner S, Swainston N, Mendes P, Steinbeck C. (2016). ChEBI in 2016: Improved services and an expanding collection of metabolites. Nucleic Acids Res]

Products

ID Source	ID
PubMed CID	638011
CHEMBL ID	1080997
CHEBI ID	16980
CHEBI ID	137934
SCHEMBL ID	23073
MeSH ID	M0050030

Synonym
wln: vh1uy1&3y1&u1
nci-c56348
nsc-6170
3,2,6-octadienal
nsc6170 ,
5392-40-5
citral
(e)-citral
alpha-citral
citral a
CHEBI:16980 ,
(2e)-geranial
lemonal
141-27-5
(e)-geranial
2,6-octadienal, 3,7-dimethyl-
beta-geranial
(e)-3,7-dimethylocta-2,6-dienal
citral alpha
(e)-3,7-dimethyl-2,6-octadienal
ai3-28519
geranaldehyde
einecs 205-476-5
(e)-neral
brn 1721873
genanial
caswell no. 221b
geranal
3,7-dimethyl-1,2,6-octadienal
2,6-dimethyloctadien-2,6-al-8
trans-3,7-dimethyl-2,6-octadienal
fema no. 2303
lemsyn gb
hsdb 993
citral (natural)
3,7-dimethyl-trans-2,6-octadienal
ccris 1043
nsc 6170
lemarome n
epa pesticide chemical code 040510
citral sintetico
fema number 2303
geranialdehyde
citral natural
ai3-01011
einecs 226-394-6
brn 1721871
2,6-octadienal, 3,7-dimethyl-, (e)-
.alpha.-citral
3,7-dimethylocta-2,6-dienal
cis,trans-citral
3,7-dimethyl-2,6-octadienal
(2e)-3,7-dimethylocta-2,6-dienal
2,6-octadienal, 3,7-dimethyl-, (2e)-
NCGC00091550-01
geranial ,
trans-citral
C01499
cis/trans-3,7-dimethyl-2,6-octadienal
citral, natural, >=96%, fcc, fg
citral, 95%
NCGC00091550-02
dtxsid6024836 ,
LMPR0102010003
CHEBI:137934
CHEMBL1080997
STK802499
AKOS000119519
NCGC00091550-04
NCGC00091550-03
t7eu0o9vpp ,
3-01-00-03053 (beilstein handbook reference)
unii-t7eu0o9vpp
ec 226-394-6
tox21_202093
NCGC00254026-01
NCGC00259642-01
tox21_300095
dtxcid304836
cas-5392-40-5
A829835
BBL011666
(2e)-3,7-dimethyl-octa-2,6-dienal
unii-758zmw724e
4-01-00-03569 (beilstein handbook reference)
758zmw724e ,
ec 205-476-5
147060-73-9
citral geranial
citral geranial [mi]
citral-a
gtpl6327
citral (e109)
citral pq extra
(2e)-3,7-dimethyl-2,6-octadien-1-al
SCHEMBL23073
2,6- octadienal, 3,7-dimethyl-
citral n
Q-200867
z-citral
mfcd00006997
F0001-1403
citral, cis + trans
citral, analytical standard
natural citral
citral, vetec(tm) reagent grade, 94%
3,7-dimethyl-(e)-2,6-octadienal
alpha -citral
3,7-dimethyl-(2e)-2,6-octadienal
(2e)-3,7-dimethyl-2,6-octadienal
lemarome
trans-citral (geranial)
DTXSID20881217
HY-N7083
Q410888
AS-35309
grq ,
EN300-20399
CCG-266236
CS-W010948
trans-3,7-dimethyl-octa-2,6-dienal
trans-citral = trans-3,7-dimethyl-octa-2,6-dien-1-al
citral 1000 microg/ml in acetonitrile
S5138
2,6-octadienal,3,7-dimethyl-,reaction products with et alc.
2,6-octadienal,3,7-dimethyl-
citral (mart.)
2-cis-3,7-dimethyl-2,6-octadien-1-al
3,7-dimethyl-2,6 octadienal
Z104478042

Excerpt	Reference	Relevance
" At a maternally toxic exposure level, a slight reduction in mean foetal body weight and a slight increase in the incidence of hypoplastic bones were noted."	( Developmental toxicity evaluation of inhaled citral in Sprague-Dawley rats. Aranyi, C; Gaworski, CL; Heck, JD; Vollmuth, TA; York, RG, 1992)	0.28
" A transient decrease in weight gain from days 6 to 11 of gestation at the lowest doses, and a reduction in body weight minus uterine weight at term at the highest doses, indicated that citral was maternally toxic over the dose range tested."	( Study on the embryofeto-toxicity of citral in the rat. Carvalho, RR; Chahoud, I; Nogueira, AC; Paumgartten, FJ; Souza, CA, 1995)	0.29
" In this paper, we describe the difference in susceptibility of mycelium and spores against toxic substrates and products."	( Toxicity of terpenes to spores and mycelium of Penicillium digitatum. Tramper, J; van der Werf, MJ; Wolken, WA, 2002)	0.31
" This study examined the application of QRA to the safety evaluation of baby diapers, including risk assessments for some diaper ingredient chemicals for which establishment of acceptable and safe exposure levels were demonstrated."	( Safety evaluation of disposable baby diapers using principles of quantitative risk assessment. Felter, S; Krause, E; Lee, BM; Liu, TY; Marsman, DS; Rai, P; Yuhui, Q, 2009)	0.35
" A simple linear regression analysis showed statistically significant relationships between the studied toxic effects and viscosity of the monoterpenoids (p < 0."	( Comparative toxicity of oxygenated monoterpenoids in experimental hydroalcoholic lotions to permethrin-resistant adult head lice. Gallardo, A; Gonzalez-Audino, P; Mougabure-Cueto, G; Picollo, MI; Toloza, A; Vassena, C, 2011)	0.37
"9 µg cm(-3) ) was the most toxic compound, followed by citronellyl acetate (16."	( Fumigant toxicity of lemon eucalyptus oil constituents to acaricide-susceptible and acaricide-resistant Tetranychus urticae. Ahn, YJ; Choi, BR; Han, J; Kim, SI; Lee, SG, 2011)	0.37
" Based on the results, the four essential oils are considered safe for human consumption at low concentrations."	( Evaluation of toxicity of essential oils palmarosa, citronella, lemongrass and vetiver in human lymphocytes. Ghosh, M; Jothiramajayam, M; Mukherjee, A; Sinha, S, 2014)	0.4
" Existing prevention and treatment measures are not totally effective and generate adverse effects, which is why it is necessary to search for complementary strategies for their management."	( Effect of Lippia alba and Cymbopogon citratus essential oils on biofilms of Streptococcus mutans and cytotoxicity in CHO cells. Galvis-Pareja, D; Jiménez-Rios, H; Martínez-Pabón, MC; Merini, LJ; Ortega-Cuadros, M; Tofiño-Rivera, A, 2016)	0.43
" mutans biofilms and null cytotoxicity, evidencing the need to conduct further studies that can identify their active components and in order to guide a safe use in treating and preventing dental caries."	( Effect of Lippia alba and Cymbopogon citratus essential oils on biofilms of Streptococcus mutans and cytotoxicity in CHO cells. Galvis-Pareja, D; Jiménez-Rios, H; Martínez-Pabón, MC; Merini, LJ; Ortega-Cuadros, M; Tofiño-Rivera, A, 2016)	0.43
"Very recently, we postulated that the incorporation of citral into nanostructured lipid carrier (NLC-Citral) improves solubility and delivery of the citral without toxic effects in vivo."	( In vitro cytotoxicity and anticancer effects of citral nanostructured lipid carrier on MDA MBA-231 human breast cancer cells. Abdullah, R; Abu, N; Alitheen, NB; How, CW; Masarudin, MJ; Mohamad, NE; Nordin, N; Rahman, HS; Yeap, SK; Zamberi, NR, 2019)	0.51
" Cytotoxicity assays (trypan blue and MTT) showed citral toxic effects in HepG2 cells (with metabolizing liver enzymes), which contrasted with the absence of toxicity in leukocytes."	( Citral presents cytotoxic and genotoxic effects in human cultured cells. Gaivão, IOM; Hiruma-Lima, CA; Maistro, EL; Marques, ES; Queiroz, TB; Silva, LK; Souza, ACS, 2020)	0.56
" citriodora EO and citral were safe in inducing and maintaining anesthesia in silver catfish."	( Essential oil of Aloysia citriodora Paláu and citral: sedative and anesthetic efficacy and safety in Rhamdia quelen and Ctenopharyngodon idella. Baldisserotto, B; Bandeira Junior, G; Bianchini, AE; Brasil, MTB; Caron, BO; da Cunha, MA; Dos Santos, AC; Garlet, QI; Heinzmann, BM, 2022)	0.72
" However, studies regarding the toxicity of these fractions are necessary to investigate their safe use in future biomedical applications."	( Cytotoxicity of Cymbopogon citratus (DC) Stapf fractions, essential oil, citral, and geraniol in human leukocytes and erythrocytes. D'Avila da Silva, F; Lima, D; Marques, JA; Mendes Hacke, AC; Pereira, RP; Rebuglio Vellosa, JC; Teixeira Rocha, JB, 2022)	0.72
" Moreover, they were not toxic to the non-target fishes."	( Ovicidal toxicity of plant essential oils and their major constituents against two mosquito vectors and their non-target aquatic predators. Aungtikun, J; Moungthipmalai, T; Puwanard, C; Sittichok, S; Soonwera, M, 2023)	0.91
" littoralis, and the former was insignificantly more toxic than the latter."	( Insights into the toxicity, biochemical activity, and molecular docking of Cymbopogon citratus essential oils and citral on Spodoptera littoralis (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae). Alfuhaid, NA; Amer, A; Awad, M; Hassan, NN; Moustafa, MAM, 2023)	0.91

Excerpt	Reference	Relevance
"The similarities and differences of essential oil components in Pericarpium Citri Reticulatae Viride (PCRV) and Pericarpium Citri Reticulatae (PCR) were investigated by GC-MS combined with a chemometric method, named alternative moving window factor analysis (AMWFA)."	( Comparative analysis of essential oil components in Pericarpium Citri Reticulatae Viride and Pericarpium Citri Reticulatae by GC-MS combined with chemometric resolution method. Gao, H; Li, H; Liang, Y; Wang, Y; Yi, L; Yuan, D; Zeng, M, 2008)	0.35
"The aim of the present study was to investigate the effects of oil-in-water (O/W) nanoemulsions combined with six different natural antioxidants on the stability of citral."	( Inhibition of citral degradation by oil-in-water nanoemulsions combined with antioxidants. Ho, CT; Huang, Q; Tian, H; Yang, X, 2011)	0.37
" However, when combined with heat, a greater synergistic effect was observed with s-citral rather than with n-citral, either in lab media (pH 7·0 and 4·0) or apple juice."	( Antimicrobial activity of suspensions and nanoemulsions of citral in combination with heat or pulsed electric fields. Berdejo, D; Espina, L; García-Gonzalo, D; Pagán, E; Pagán, R, 2018)	0.48
" While at room temperature, citral in form of a nanoemulsion shows a higher antimicrobial activity; its combination with heat would imply a partial loss of the outstanding synergistic lethal effect achieved when added in suspension form."	( Antimicrobial activity of suspensions and nanoemulsions of citral in combination with heat or pulsed electric fields. Berdejo, D; Espina, L; García-Gonzalo, D; Pagán, E; Pagán, R, 2018)	0.48
" The study aimed to elucidate the inhibitory efficacy and potential mechanism of salinity (NaCl) or it combined with citral against the biofilm formation of VP."	( Transcriptomics reveal the antibiofilm mechanism of NaCl combined with citral against Vibrio parahaemolyticus. Lu, H; Lu, Z; Sun, Y; Wang, X; Zhu, J, 2023)	0.91
"This study investigated the antibacterial and antibiofilm mechanism of ultrasound (US) combined with citral nanoemulsion (CLNE) against Staphylococcus aureus and mature biofilm."	( Synergistic antibacterial and anti-biofilm mechanisms of ultrasound combined with citral nanoemulsion against Staphylococcus aureus 29213. Cheng, S; Guo, D; Lü, X; Shi, C; Song, L; Su, R; Xia, X; Yang, H; Zhan, X; Zhang, Y, 2023)	0.91

Excerpt	Reference	Relevance
" There is no scientific evidence about the long term bioavailability of citral in the body and it has no adverse effect on tissue related to its accumulation and delayed excretion."	( Chemical Properties and Therapeutic Potential of Citral, a Monoterpene Isolated from Lemongrass. Gupta, J; Habib, S; Sahu, D; Sharma, S, 2021)	0.62
" However, the intrinsic potency of CIT is limited, mainly because the drug is not very stable and has a low bioavailability and it does not present a high selectivity for cancer cells versus non-tumor cells."	( Targets and pathways involved in the antitumor activity of citral and its stereo-isomers. Bailly, C, 2020)	0.56
" In this study, a concise and facile method for the preparation of modified copolymer chitosan/carboxymethyl cellulose (CS/CMC) hydrogels microspheres loaded with citral was developed to increase and stabilize the bioavailability of this natural bioactive substance."	( Citral-loaded chitosan/carboxymethyl cellulose copolymer hydrogel microspheres with improved antimicrobial effects for plant protection. Jin, Z; Lu, Z; Ma, H; Wang, Y; Xing, R; Yao, X; Yu, F; Zhao, Y, 2020)	0.56

Excerpt	Relevance	Reference
" Prior to each TPA application groups were dosed with 0, 1 mumol, or 10 mumol citral."	( Modulation of tumor promotion in mouse skin by the food additive citral (3,7-dimethyl-2,6-octadienal). Connor, MJ, 1991)	0.28
" Inflammation and/or hyperplasia of the forestomach occurred in about half of the male and female mice dosed with 1068 mg citral/kg."	( Comparison of the toxicity of citral in F344 rats and B6C3F1 mice when administrated by microencapsulation in feed or by corn-oil gavage. Dieter, MP; Elwell, MR; Goehl, TJ; Hildebrandt, PK; Jameson, CW; Yuan, JH, 1993)	0.29
" All EOs were repellent, followed a dose-response relationship, and had bioactivity similar to or better than that of commercial compound IR3535."	( Repellent activity of essential oils and some of their individual constituents against Tribolium castaneum herbst. Caballero-Gallardo, K; Olivero-Verbel, J; Stashenko, EE, 2011)	0.37
" This finding indicated that the combination among terpenes and antibiotic may contribute in reducing the required dosage of antibiotics due to the possible effect of terpenes on permeation barrier of the micro-organism cell membrane."	( Effect of citral and carvacrol on the susceptibility of Listeria monocytogenes and Listeria innocua to antibiotics. Martínez, A; Rodrigo, D; Rosenthal, A; Silva-Angulo, AB; Zanini, SF, 2014)	0.4
" The cells were analysed by immunophenotyping of monocyte cell surface molecules (CD54, CD282, CD80, HLA-DR, and CD86) and cytokine dosage (IL-1β, IL-6, IL-10, IL-12p70, IL-23, IFN-γ, TGF-β, and TNF-α), and evaluated for the expression of 84 genes related to innate and adaptive immune system responses."	( Citral modulates human monocyte responses to Staphylococcus aureus infection. Almeida, CF; Almeida, PP; Amorim, AT; Brito, TLS; Campos, GB; das Neves Selis, N; de Souza Bittencourt, R; Júnior, MNS; Marques, LM; Oliveira, CNT; Oliveira, HBM; Romano, CC; Sampaio, BA; Timenetsky, J; Uetanabaro, APT; Yatsuda, R, 2021)	0.62

Product Category	Products
Household Essentials	22
Beauty & Personal Care	52
Vitamins & Supplements	1

Product	Brand	Category	Compounds Matched from Ingredients	Date Retrieved
A La Maison French Liquid Hand Soap - Provence Lemon -- 16.9 fl oz	A La Maison	Household Essentials	citral, tocopherol, decyl glucoside, tocopherol, vitamin E, glycerin, hydroxyethylcellulose	2024-11-29 10:47:42
A La Maison French Liquid Hand Soap Refill - Provence Lemon -- 33.8 fl oz	A La Maison	Household Essentials	citral, tocopherol, decyl glucoside, tocopherol, vitamin E, glycerin, hydroxyethylcellulose	2024-11-29 10:47:42
Alaffia Authentic African Black Soap All-In-One - Citrus Ginger -- 32 fl oz	Alaffia	Beauty & Personal Care	orange, citral, geraniol, limonene, linalool	2024-11-29 10:47:42
Alba Botanica Cool Sport Sunscreen Refreshing Clear Spray SPF 50 -- 6 fl oz	Alba	Beauty & Personal Care	benzyl salicylate, citral, citronellol, triethyl citrate, hexyl cinnamal	2024-11-29 10:47:42
Alba Botanica Hawaiian 3-in-1 Clean Towelettes Pineapple Enzyme -- 25 Towelettes	Alba	Beauty & Personal Care	orange, allantoin, allyl caproate, ascorbyl glucoside, benzoic acid, citral, dehydroacetic acid, panthenol, triethyl citrate, glycerin, limonene, phenoxyethanol, potassium hydroxide, sodium lauroyl sarcosinate, sodium benzoate, vanillin	2024-11-29 10:47:42
Alba Botanica Hawaiian Lip Balm Coconut Cream -- 0.15 oz	Alba	Beauty & Personal Care	allantoin, citral, tocopherol, tocopherol, limonene	2024-11-29 10:47:42
Alba Botanica Hawaiian SPF 50 Sunscreen Lotion Island Vibe -- 3 oz	Alba	Beauty & Personal Care	orange, amyl cinnamal, citric acid, benzyl alcohol, cetearyl alcohol, cetyl alcohol, citral, citric acid, citronellol, triethyl citrate, geraniol, glycerin, dimethicone, homosalate, hydroxycitronellal, limonene, sodium benzoate	2024-11-29 10:47:42
Alba Botanica Hawaiian Sunscreen SPF 30 Broad Spectrum -- 3 fl oz	Alba	Beauty & Personal Care	orange, amyl cinnamal, citric acid, benzyl alcohol, cetearyl alcohol, cetyl alcohol, citral, citric acid, citronellol, triethyl citrate, geraniol, glycerin, dimethicone, hydroxycitronellal, limonene, sodium benzoate	2024-11-29 10:47:42
Alba Botanica Natural Acnedote Deep Pore Wash -- 6 fl oz	Alba	Beauty & Personal Care	Citric Acid, Benzoic Acid, Citral, Citric Acid, Cocamidopropyl Betaine, Dehydroacetic Acid, Glycerin, Limonene, Phenoxyethanol, Sodium Benzoate	2024-11-29 10:47:42
Alba Botanica Natural Acnedote Invisible Treatment Gel -- 0.5 oz	Alba	Beauty & Personal Care	citral, glycerin, hydroxyethylcellulose, limonene, linalool	2024-11-29 10:47:42
Alba Botanica Natural Acnedote Oil Control Lotion -- 2 fl oz	Alba	Beauty & Personal Care	benzoic acid, cetearyl alcohol, cetyl alcohol, citral, dehydroacetic acid, glycerin, dimethicone, limonene, linalool, phenoxyethanol, potassium hydroxide	2024-11-29 10:47:42
Alba Botanica Very Emollient Body Lotion Herbal Healing -- 32 fl oz	Alba	Beauty & Personal Care	orange, benzyl alcohol, cetyl alcohol, citral, glycerin, limonene, phenoxyethanol, sodium benzoate	2024-11-29 10:47:42
Alba Botanica® Hawaiian Body Scrub Sea Salt -- 14.5 oz	Alba	Beauty & Personal Care	citral, tocopherol, tocopherol, geraniol, limonene	2024-11-29 10:47:42
Australian Gold Foaming Hand Soap Cocoa Dreams -- 7.5 fl oz	Australian Gold	Household Essentials	citric acid, methylchloroisothiazolinone, benzyl alcohol, benzyl benzoate, citral, citric acid, coumarin, coumarin, sodium laureth sulfate, glycerin, limonene, linalool, magnesium nitrate, propylene glycol, coco-betaine, sodium benzoate, sodium bicarbonate, sodium sulfate, triethylene glycol	2024-11-29 10:47:42
Australian Gold Foaming Hand Soap Sugared Lemon -- 7.5 fl oz	Australian Gold	Household Essentials	citric acid, methylchloroisothiazolinone, alphaisomethyl ionone, benzyl alcohol, citral, citric acid, sodium laureth sulfate, glycerin, linalool, magnesium nitrate, propylene glycol, coco-betaine, sodium benzoate, sodium bicarbonate, sodium sulfate, triethylene glycol	2024-11-29 10:47:42
Australian Gold Liquid Hand Soap Cocoa Dreams -- 11.5 fl oz	Australian Gold	Household Essentials	citric acid, methylchloroisothiazolinone, benzyl alcohol, citral, citric acid, cocamidopropyl betaine, coumarin, coumarin, sodium laureth sulfate, disodium EDTA, glycerin, limonene, linalool, magnesium nitrate, propylene glycol, sodium benzoate, sodium bicarbonate, sodium sulfate, triethylene glycol	2024-11-29 10:47:42
Australian Gold Liquid Hand Soap Sugared Lemon -- 11.5 fl oz	Australian Gold	Household Essentials	citric acid, methylchloroisothiazolinone, alpha-isomethyl ionone, benzyl alcohol, citral, citric acid, cocamidopropyl betaine, sodium laureth sulfate, disodium EDTA, glycerin, limonene, linalool, magnesium nitrate, propylene glycol, sodium benzoate, sodium bicarbonate, sodium sulfate, triethylene glycol	2024-11-29 10:47:42
Australian Gold Liquid Hand Soap Sweet Apricot -- 11.5 fl oz	Australian Gold	Household Essentials	citric acid, methylchloroisothiazolinone, benzyl alcohol, benzyl benzoate, citral, citric acid, citronellol, cocamidopropyl betaine, sodium laureth sulfate, disodium EDTA, geraniol, glycerin, hexyl cinnamal, limonene, linalool, magnesium nitrate, propylene glycol, sodium benzoate, sodium bicarbonate, sodium sulfate, triethylene glycol	2024-11-29 10:47:42
Australian Gold Room Spray Cocoa Dreams -- 3.7 fl oz	Australian Gold	Household Essentials	citric acid, benzyl alcohol, citral, citric acid, coumarin, coumarin, disodium EDTA, ethylhexylglycerin, glycerin, limonene, linalool, phenoxyethanol	2024-11-29 10:47:42
Australian Gold Room Spray Sugared Lemon -- 3.7 fl oz	Australian Gold	Household Essentials	citric acid, benzyl alcohol, citral, citric acid, tocopherol, disodium EDTA, ethylhexylglycerin, tocopherol, glycerin, limonene, linalool, phenoxyethanol	2024-11-29 10:47:42
Australian Gold Room Spray Sweet Apricot -- 3.7 fl oz	Australian Gold	Household Essentials	citric acid, benzyl benzoate, citral, citric acid, tocopherol, disodium EDTA, ethylhexylglycerin, tocopherol, geraniol, glycerin, hexyl cinnamal, limonene, linalool, phenoxyethanol	2024-11-29 10:47:42
Avalon Organics Bath & Shower Gel Refreshing Lemon -- 12 fl oz	Avalon Organics	Beauty & Personal Care	glyceryl oleate, orange, citric acid, benzyl alcohol, bisabolol, citral, citric acid, decyl glucoside, limonene, sodium benzoate, sorbitol	2024-11-29 10:47:42
Avalon Organics Biotin B-Complex Thickening Conditioner -- 14 fl oz	Avalon Organics	Beauty & Personal Care	orange, arginine, gluconolactone, beta-caryophyllene, citral, behenyl alcohol, glyceryl stearate, glycerin, sodium benzoate, stearyl alcohol	2024-11-29 10:47:42
Avalon Organics Conditioner Clarifying Lemon -- 11 fl oz	Avalon Organics	Beauty & Personal Care	Orange, Benzyl Alcohol, Cetyl Alcohol, Citral, Limonene, Sodium Benzoate, Sorbitol, Stearic Acid, Stearyl Alcohol	2024-11-29 10:47:42
Avalon Organics Hand & Body Lotion Lavender -- 12 fl oz	Avalon Organics	Beauty & Personal Care	Arginine, Benzyl Alcohol, Bisabolol, Cetyl Alcohol, Citral, Coumarin, Coumarin, Beta-Glucan, Geraniol, Glycerin, Limonene, Oat, Potassium Hydroxide, Sodium Benzoate, Stearic Acid, Stearyl Alcohol	2024-11-29 10:47:42
Avalon Organics Hand & Body Lotion Lavender -- 32 fl oz	Avalon Organics	Beauty & Personal Care	arginine, benzyl alcohol, bisabolol, cetyl alcohol, citral, coumarin, coumarin, beta-glucan, geraniol, glycerin, limonene, oat, potassium hydroxide, sodium benzoate, stearic acid, stearyl alcohol	2024-11-29 10:47:42
Avalon Organics Hand & Body Lotion Refreshing Lemon -- 12 oz	Avalon Organics	Beauty & Personal Care	orange, arginine, benzyl alcohol, bisabolol, cetyl alcohol, cinnamyl alcohol, citral, beta-glucan, geraniol, glycerin, limonene, oat, potassium hydroxide, sodium benzoate, stearic acid, stearyl alcohol	2024-11-29 10:47:42
Avalon Organics Hand & Body Lotion Revitalizing Peppermint -- 12 fl oz	Avalon Organics	Beauty & Personal Care	Orange, Arginine, Benzyl Alcohol, Bisabolol, Cetyl Alcohol, Citral, Citronellol, Beta-Glucan, Geraniol, Glycerin, Limonene, Oat, Potassium Hydroxide, Sodium Benzoate, Stearic Acid, Stearyl Alcohol	2024-11-29 10:47:42
Avalon Organics Shampoo Clarifying Lemon -- 11 fl oz	Avalon Organics	Beauty & Personal Care	Orange, Citric Acid, Benzyl Alcohol, Bisabolol, Citral, Citric Acid, Decyl Glucoside, Sodium Benzoate, Sodium Sulfate, Sorbitol	2024-11-29 10:47:42
Avalon Organics Wrinkle Therapy Day Cream -- 1.75 oz	Avalon Organics	Beauty & Personal Care	Cetyl Alcohol, Citral, Citronellol, CoQ10, Geraniol, Glyceryl Stearate, Glycerin, Phenethyl Alcohol, Ribose, Sodium Benzoate, Stearyl Alcohol, Ubiquinone	2024-11-29 10:47:42
Avalon Organics Wrinkle Therapy Facial Serum -- 0.55 fl oz	Avalon Organics	Beauty & Personal Care	cetyl alcohol, citral, citronellol, CoQ10, geraniol, glyceryl stearate, phenethyl alcohol, ribose, sodium benzoate, squalane, ubiquinone	2024-11-29 10:47:42
Avalon Organics Wrinkle Therapy Firming Body Lotion with CoQ10 & Rosehip -- 8 fl oz	Avalon Organics	Beauty & Personal Care	Benzyl Alcohol, Bisabolol, Cetyl Alcohol, Citral, Citronellol, CoQ10, Geraniol, Glycerin, Phenethyl Alcohol, Potassium Hydroxide, Ribose, Sodium Benzoate, Stearic Acid, Stearyl Alcohol, Ubiquinone	2024-11-29 10:47:42
Badger Organic Face Oil Damascus Rose -- 1 fl oz	Badger	Beauty & Personal Care	chamomile, calendula, citral, citronellol, geraniol, limonene	2024-11-29 10:47:42
BetterYou Body Spray Magnesium Muscle -- 3.38 fl oz	BetterYou	Vitamins & Supplements	citric acid, citral, citric acid, glycerin, limonene, propylene glycol, sodium benzoate	2024-11-29 10:47:42
Derma E Anti-Wrinkle Treatment Oil Rosehip & Grape Seed Oils Vitamins A & E -- 2 fl oz	Derma E	Beauty & Personal Care	alpha pinene, bakuchiol, camphor, beta-caryophyllene, citral, eucalyptol, geranyl acetate, retinol	2024-11-29 10:47:42
Derma E Vitamin C No Dark Circles Perfecting Eye Cream -- 0.5 oz	Derma E	Beauty & Personal Care	orange, benzyl acetate, caffeine, citral, vitamin E, decanal, panthenol, provitamin B5, geraniol, vitamin E, glycerin, microcrystalline cellulose, kaolin, linalool, niacinamide, sorbitol, tin oxide, titanium dioxide, triheptanoin	2024-11-29 10:47:42
Desert Essence Revitalizing Shampoo Italian Lemon -- 8 fl oz	Desert Essence	Beauty & Personal Care	glyceryl oleate, citric acid, benzyl alcohol, citral, citric acid, decyl glucoside, dehydroacetic acid, glycerin, hemp, limonene, propanediol	2024-11-29 10:47:42
ECOS Hand Soap Lemongrass -- 17 fl oz	ECOS	Household Essentials	citral, cocamidopropyl betaine, tocopherol, tocopherol, glycerin, phenoxyethanol	2024-11-29 10:47:42
ECOS Hypoallergenic Laundry Detergent Lemongrass -- 100 fl oz	ECOS	Household Essentials	methylisothiazolinone, citral, cocamidopropyl betaine, phenoxyethanol	2024-11-29 10:47:42
ECOS Plant Powered Hand Soap Refill Lemongrass -- 32 fl oz	ECOS	Household Essentials	citral, cocamidopropyl betaine, tocopherol, tocopherol, glycerin, phenoxyethanol	2024-11-29 10:47:42
Hempz Herbal Body Moisturizer with Hyaluronic Acid - Ocean Breeze -- 17 fl oz	Hempz	Beauty & Personal Care	butylene glycol, aminomethyl propanol, orange, citric acid, ascorbic acid, benzyl benzoate, carbomer, cetyl alcohol, chlorphenesin, citral, citric acid, tocopherol, ethylhexylglycerin, tocopherol, glyceryl stearate, glycerin, dimethicone, isopropyl palmitate, nylon-12, limonene, linalool, trisodium ethylenediamine disuccinate, phenoxyethanol, propanediol, retinyl palmitate, stearic acid, cyanocobalamin	2024-11-29 10:47:42
Hempz Herbal Body Moisturizer with Vitamin C - Citrus Blossom -- 17 fl oz	Hempz	Beauty & Personal Care	butylene glycol, aminomethyl propanol, orange, citric acid, ascorbic acid, benzyl benzoate, carbomer, cetyl alcohol, chlorphenesin, citral, citric acid, tocopherol, ethylhexylglycerin, tocopherol, glyceryl stearate, glycerin, dimethicone, isopropyl palmitate, nylon-12, limonene, linalool, trisodium ethylenediamine disuccinate, phenoxyethanol, propanediol, retinyl palmitate, stearic acid, cyanocobalamin	2024-11-29 10:47:42
Humble Brands Deodorant Plastic Free Bergamot & Ginger -- 2.65 oz	Humble Brands	Beauty & Personal Care	MCT, citral, citronellol, MCT, linalool, sodium bicarbonate	2024-11-29 10:47:42
Humble Brands Deodorant Vegan & Sensitive Skin Formula Bergamot & Ginger -- 2.5 oz	Humble Brands	Beauty & Personal Care	MCT, citral, geraniol, MCT, linalool	2024-11-29 10:47:42
Jason Body Wash Calming Lavender -- 16 fl oz	Jason	Beauty & Personal Care	citric acid, allantoin, benzyl alcohol, citral, citric acid, panthenol, glyceryl stearate, glycerin, limonene, linalool, sodium benzoate, stearic acid	2024-11-29 10:47:42
Jason Body Wash Calming Lavender -- 30 fl oz	Jason	Beauty & Personal Care	citric acid, allantoin, benzyl alcohol, citral, citric acid, panthenol, glyceryl stearate, glycerin, limonene, sodium benzoate, stearic acid	2024-11-29 10:47:42
Jason Body Wash Moisturizing Herbs & Shea Butter -- 30 fl oz	Jason	Beauty & Personal Care	citric acid, benzoic acid, benzyl alcohol, benzyl benzoate, citral, citric acid, citronellol, cocamidopropyl betaine, golden seal, glycerin, hexyl cinnamal, limonene, linalool, sodium benzoate, sodium sulfate	2024-11-29 10:47:42
Jason C Effects Powered By Ester-C Creme -- 2 oz	Jason	Beauty & Personal Care	allantoin, alpha-isomethyl ionone, benzyl alcohol, benzyl benzoate, benzyl salicylate, gluconolactone, bisabolol, calcium ascorbate, cetearyl alcohol, cetyl alcohol, cinnamyl alcohol, citral, coumarin, coumarin, panthenol, glycerin, dimethicone, hexyl cinnamal, hydroxyisohexyl 3-cyclohexene carboxaldehyde, calcium carbonate, limonene, linalool, phenoxyethanol, potassium hydroxide, sodium benzoate, stearic acid, thioctic acid	2024-11-29 10:47:42
Jason Deodorant Stick Calming Lavender -- 2.5 oz	Jason	Beauty & Personal Care	allantoin, benzyl benzoate, citral, behenyl alcohol, ethylhexylglycerin, glyceryl stearate, glycerin, hydroxycitronellal, butylphenyl methylpropional, limonene, linalool, sodium bicarbonate	2024-11-29 10:47:42
Kiss My Face De-Stress Bar Soap - Orange + Grapefruit	Kiss My Face	Beauty & Personal Care	citral, geraniol, glycerin, hemp, limonene, linalool, ashwagandha, withania somnifera	2024-11-29 10:47:42
Lemi Shine Dish Detergent Booster -- 20 oz	Lemi Shine	Household Essentials	D-limonene, citral	2024-11-29 10:47:42
Lemi Shine Dishwasher Cleaner Single Use Fresh Lemon -- 1 Packet	Lemi Shine	Household Essentials	D-limonene, citral, geraniol, sodium bicarbonate	2024-11-29 10:47:42
Lemi Shine Garbage Disposal Cleaner Fresh Lemon -- 2 Pods	Lemi Shine	Household Essentials	d-limonene, isopropyl alcohol, citric acid, citral, citric acid, geraniol, linalool, sodium bicarbonate, sodium carbonate, sodium lauryl sulfate	2024-11-29 10:47:42
Lemi Shine Washing Machine Cleaner Single Use Lemon -- 1.76 oz	Lemi Shine	Household Essentials	D-limonene, citral, geraniol, linalool, sodium bicarbonate	2024-11-29 10:47:42
Love Beauty and Planet 3-in-1 Healthy Lengths Conditioner Aloe Sabila Grapefruit & Vitamin B3 -- 13.5 fl oz	Love Beauty and Planet	Beauty & Personal Care	citral, citronellol, geraniol, niacinamide, sodium benzoate	2024-11-29 10:47:42
Love Beauty and Planet Volume & Bounty 2 in 1 Shampoo & Conditioner Bar Coconut Water & Mimosa Flower -- 4 oz	Love Beauty and Planet	Beauty & Personal Care	alpha-isomethyl ionone, citral, hexyl cinnamal, limonene	2024-11-29 10:47:42
Method Bathroom Cleaner Natural Tub + Tile Cleaner Eucalyptus Mint -- 28 fl oz	Method	Household Essentials	methylisothiazolinone, citral, linalool	2024-11-29 10:47:42
Method Fragrance Boosters - Beach Sage -- 14.8 oz	Method	Household Essentials	d-limonene, benzyl acetate, bornyl acetate, citral, citronellol, hexyl cinnamic aldehyde	2024-11-29 10:47:42
Mill Creek Amazon Organics™ Volumizing Shampoo Lavender and Lemongrass -- 12 fl oz	Mill Creek	Beauty & Personal Care	citric acid, chamomile, benzoic acid, biotin, citral, citric acid, decyl glucoside, panthenol, geraniol, kava, linalool	2024-11-29 10:47:42
MyChelle Dermaceuticals Illuminating Peptide-Rich Whipped Moisturizer -- 1 oz	MyChelle Dermaceuticals	Beauty & Personal Care	d-alpha, butylene glycol, orange, citric acid, allantoin, terpineol, benzyl alcohol, camphor, carbomer, cetyl alcohol, citral, citric acid, triethyl citrate, geraniol, glycerin, limonene, linalool, linalyl acetate, palmitic acid, palmitic acid, potassium hydroxide, sodium hydroxide, stearic acid, titanium dioxide, vanillin	2024-11-29 10:47:42
Seventh Generation Dish Liquid Soap Rejuvenate - Yuzu Basil with Phytogaia -- 19 fl oz	Seventh Generation	Household Essentials	methylisothiazolinone, orange, citric acid, citral, citric acid, citronellol, decyl glucoside, lauramine oxide, eucalyptol, glycerin, linalool, raspberry ketone, sodium lauryl sulfate, gamma-undecalactone	2024-11-29 10:47:42
Seventh Generation Granite Cleaner Spray Mandarin Orchard -- 23 fl oz	Seventh Generation	Household Essentials	citric acid, citral, citric acid, citronellol, gamma-decalactone, laureth-6, linalool, sodium citrate	2024-11-29 10:47:42
Seventh Generation Power+ Dishwasher Detergent Gel Fresh Citrus -- 65 fl oz	Seventh Generation	Household Essentials	methylisothiazolinone, orange, citric acid, citral, citric acid, sodium citrate, sodium hydroxide, sodium silicate	2024-11-29 10:47:42
The Honey Pot Feminine Foaming Wash - Bergamot Rose -- 5.5 fl oz	The Honey Pot	Beauty & Personal Care	citric acid, benzyl salicylate, citral, citric acid, citronellol, cocamidopropyl betaine, coumarin, coumarin, tocopherol, ethylhexylglycerin, tocopherol, geraniol, glycerin, hexyl cinnamal, hydroxycitronellal, lactic acid, limonene, linalool, phenoxyethanol, propylene glycol, sodium benzoate	2024-11-29 10:47:42
The Honey Pot Feminine Foaming Wash - Cucumber Aloe -- 5.51 fl oz	The Honey Pot	Beauty & Personal Care	amyl cinnamal, citric acid, benzyl benzoate, benzyl salicylate, citral, citric acid, cocamidopropyl betaine, tocopherol, ethylhexylglycerin, farnesol, tocopherol, geraniol, glycerin, hydroxycitronellal, lactic acid, limonene, linalool, phenoxyethanol, propylene glycol	2024-11-29 10:47:42
The Organic Skin Co Coming Up Roses Exfoliating Mask Rose and Bamboo -- 2 fl oz	The Organic Skin Co	Beauty & Personal Care	cetearyl alcohol, citral, geraniol, glyceryl stearate, glycerine, linalool	2024-11-29 10:47:42
The Organic Skin Co Daily Rituals Sea Buckthorn and Rosehip Moisturizer -- 1.7 fl oz	The Organic Skin Co	Beauty & Personal Care	calendula, cetearyl alcohol, citral, glyceryl monostearate, glycerin, limonene	2024-11-29 10:47:42
The Organic Skin Co Fruit Acid Complex Clean Slate Cleanser -- 3 fl oz	The Organic Skin Co	Beauty & Personal Care	cetearyl alcohol, citral	2024-11-29 10:47:42
The Organic Skin Co Hydration Agent Moisturizer Vanilla and Amaranth -- 1.7 fl oz	The Organic Skin Co	Beauty & Personal Care	amaranth, calendula, cetearyl alcohol, citral, glyceryl monostearate, glycerin, limonene, vanilla	2024-11-29 10:47:42
The Organic Skin Co Set The Tone Hydrating Rose Mist Toner -- 3.5 fl oz	The Organic Skin Co	Beauty & Personal Care	citral, and, geraniol, linalool	2024-11-29 10:47:42
The Organic Skin Co Task Force Nine Turmeric and Calendula Calming Cream -- 2 fl oz	The Organic Skin Co	Beauty & Personal Care	calendula, cetearyl alcohol, citral, glyceryl monostearate, glycerin, limonene	2024-11-29 10:47:42
Weleda Pampering Body Lotion -- 6.8 fl oz	Weleda	Beauty & Personal Care	betaine, cetearyl alcohol, citral, citronellol, tocopherol, tocopherol, geraniol, glycerin, lactic acid, limonene, linalool, glyceryl caprylate	2024-11-29 10:47:42
Weleda Skin Food Face Care Nourishing Day Cream -- 1 fl oz	Weleda	Beauty & Personal Care	benzyl benzoate, betaine, citral, tocopherol, behenyl alcohol, tocopherol, geraniol, glycerin, hectorite, lactate, limonene, linalool, glyceryl caprylate, palmitic acid, palmitic acid, squalane, stearic acid	2024-11-29 10:47:42
Weleda Skin Food Face Care Nourishing Night Cream -- 1.3 fl oz	Weleda	Beauty & Personal Care	benzyl benzoate, betaine, citral, clay, tocopherol, behenyl alcohol, tocopherol, glycerin, lactate, limonene, linalool, glyceryl caprylate, squalane	2024-11-29 10:47:42
Weleda Skin Food Face Care Nourishing Oil-To-Milk Cleanser -- 2.5 fl oz	Weleda	Beauty & Personal Care	benzyl benzoate, betaine, citral, geraniol, glycerin, limonene, linalool	2024-11-29 10:47:42

Role	Description
plant metabolite	Any eukaryotic metabolite produced during a metabolic reaction in plants, the kingdom that include flowering plants, conifers and other gymnosperms.
volatile oil component	Any plant metabolite that is found naturally as a component of a volatile oil.
[role information is derived from Chemical Entities of Biological Interest (ChEBI), Hastings J, Owen G, Dekker A, Ennis M, Kale N, Muthukrishnan V, Turner S, Swainston N, Mendes P, Steinbeck C. (2016). ChEBI in 2016: Improved services and an expanding collection of metabolites. Nucleic Acids Res]

Class	Description
enal	An alpha,beta-unsaturated aldehyde of general formula R(1)R(2)C=CR(3)-CH=O in which the aldehydic C=O function is conjugated to a C=C double bond at the alpha,beta position.
monoterpenoid	Any terpenoid derived from a monoterpene. The term includes compounds in which the C10 skeleton of the parent monoterpene has been rearranged or modified by the removal of one or more skeletal atoms (generally methyl groups).
polyprenal	Any enal having a polyprenyl chain.
[compound class information is derived from Chemical Entities of Biological Interest (ChEBI), Hastings J, Owen G, Dekker A, Ennis M, Kale N, Muthukrishnan V, Turner S, Swainston N, Mendes P, Steinbeck C. (2016). ChEBI in 2016: Improved services and an expanding collection of metabolites. Nucleic Acids Res]

Pathway	Proteins	Compounds
carotenoid cleavage	6	20
geraniol and geranial biosynthesis	7	12
carotenoid cleavage	4	22
u03B2 myrcene degradation	3	9
geraniol and nerol degradation	0	11

Protein	Taxonomy	Measurement	Average (µ)	Min (ref.)	Avg (ref.)	Max (ref.)	Bioassay(s)
RAR-related orphan receptor gamma	Mus musculus (house mouse)	Potency	46.7286	0.0060	38.0041	19,952.5996	AID1159523
AR protein	Homo sapiens (human)	Potency	44.6684	0.0002	21.2231	8,912.5098	AID588516
aldehyde dehydrogenase 1 family, member A1	Homo sapiens (human)	Potency	39.8107	0.0112	12.4002	100.0000	AID1030
retinoic acid nuclear receptor alpha variant 1	Homo sapiens (human)	Potency	47.4272	0.0030	41.6115	22,387.1992	AID1159552; AID1159555
estrogen nuclear receptor alpha	Homo sapiens (human)	Potency	61.6448	0.0002	29.3054	16,493.5996	AID743069
vitamin D (1,25- dihydroxyvitamin D3) receptor	Homo sapiens (human)	Potency	21.5101	0.0237	23.2282	63.5986	AID743222; AID743223
thyroid hormone receptor beta isoform a	Homo sapiens (human)	Potency	0.0355	0.0100	39.5371	1,122.0200	AID588547
thyroid hormone receptor beta isoform 2	Rattus norvegicus (Norway rat)	Potency	31.2308	0.0003	23.4451	159.6830	AID743066
nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 isoform 1	Homo sapiens (human)	Potency	63.5221	0.0006	27.2152	1,122.0200	AID743219
[prepared from compound, protein, and bioassay information from National Library of Medicine (NLM), extracted Dec-2023]

Assay ID	Title	Year	Journal	Article
AID1872889	Inhibition of mammalian alpha-amylase using starch as substrate	2022	European journal of medicinal chemistry, May-05, Volume: 235	Recent results from non-basic glycosidase inhibitors: How structural diversity can inform general strategies for improving inhibition potency.
AID1081887	Repellent activity against Tribolium castaneum (red flour beetle) assessed as induction of repellency measured 4 hr post compound exposure at 0.02 uL/cm2 using 15% compound formulation	2011	Journal of agricultural and food chemistry, Mar-09, Volume: 59, Issue:5	Repellent activity of essential oils and some of their individual constituents against Tribolium castaneum herbst.
AID1081886	Repellent activity against Tribolium castaneum (red flour beetle) assessed as induction of repellency measured 4 hr post compound exposure at 0.2 uL/cm2 using 15% compound formulation	2011	Journal of agricultural and food chemistry, Mar-09, Volume: 59, Issue:5	Repellent activity of essential oils and some of their individual constituents against Tribolium castaneum herbst.
AID1081893	Repellent activity against Tribolium castaneum (red flour beetle) assessed as induction of repellency measured 2 hr post compound exposure at 0.002 uL/cm2 using 15% compound formulation	2011	Journal of agricultural and food chemistry, Mar-09, Volume: 59, Issue:5	Repellent activity of essential oils and some of their individual constituents against Tribolium castaneum herbst.
AID1113018	Nematicidal activity against second-stage juveniles of Meloidogyne incognita (root-knot nematode) after 1 hr by inverted microscopic analysis	2013	Journal of agricultural and food chemistry, Feb-27, Volume: 61, Issue:8	Potent nematicidal activity of phthalaldehyde, salicylaldehyde, and cinnamic aldehyde against Meloidogyne incognita.
AID1081891	Repellent activity against Tribolium castaneum (red flour beetle) assessed as induction of repellency measured 2 hr post compound exposure at 0.2 uL/cm2 using 15% compound formulation	2011	Journal of agricultural and food chemistry, Mar-09, Volume: 59, Issue:5	Repellent activity of essential oils and some of their individual constituents against Tribolium castaneum herbst.
AID1081888	Repellent activity against Tribolium castaneum (red flour beetle) assessed as induction of repellency measured 4 hr post compound exposure at 0.002 uL/cm2 using 15% compound formulation	2011	Journal of agricultural and food chemistry, Mar-09, Volume: 59, Issue:5	Repellent activity of essential oils and some of their individual constituents against Tribolium castaneum herbst.
AID1599306	Antiviral activity against DENV2	2019	European journal of medicinal chemistry, Aug-15, Volume: 176	Recent update on anti-dengue drug discovery.
AID468443	Inhibition of human FAAH at 1 uM	2009	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters, Dec-01, Volume: 19, Issue:23	Mining biologically-active molecules for inhibitors of fatty acid amide hydrolase (FAAH): identification of phenmedipham and amperozide as FAAH inhibitors.
AID1081892	Repellent activity against Tribolium castaneum (red flour beetle) assessed as induction of repellency measured 2 hr post compound exposure at 0.02 uL/cm2 using 15% compound formulation	2011	Journal of agricultural and food chemistry, Mar-09, Volume: 59, Issue:5	Repellent activity of essential oils and some of their individual constituents against Tribolium castaneum herbst.
AID1081885	Lipophilicity, logP of the compound	2011	Journal of agricultural and food chemistry, Mar-09, Volume: 59, Issue:5	Repellent activity of essential oils and some of their individual constituents against Tribolium castaneum herbst.
AID1081890	Repellent activity against Tribolium castaneum (red flour beetle) assessed as induction of repellency measured 4 hr post compound exposure at 0.00002 uL/cm2 using 15% compound formulation	2011	Journal of agricultural and food chemistry, Mar-09, Volume: 59, Issue:5	Repellent activity of essential oils and some of their individual constituents against Tribolium castaneum herbst.
AID1081895	Repellent activity against Tribolium castaneum (red flour beetle) assessed as induction of repellency measured 2 hr post compound exposure at 0.00002 uL/cm2 using 15% compound formulation	2011	Journal of agricultural and food chemistry, Mar-09, Volume: 59, Issue:5	Repellent activity of essential oils and some of their individual constituents against Tribolium castaneum herbst.
AID1111945	Insecticidal activity against chlorfenapyr-resistant female Tetranychus urticae CRT-53 (two-spotted spider mite) in kidney bean assessed as mortality in 3 cm disks measured after 24 hr exposure by vapour-phase mortality bioassay	2011	Pest management science, Dec, Volume: 67, Issue:12	Fumigant toxicity of lemon eucalyptus oil constituents to acaricide-susceptible and acaricide-resistant Tetranychus urticae.
AID1111946	Insecticidal activity against acaricide-susceptible female Tetranychus urticae KST (two-spotted spider mite) in kidney bean assessed as mortality in 3 cm disks measured after 24 hr exposure by vapour-phase mortality bioassay	2011	Pest management science, Dec, Volume: 67, Issue:12	Fumigant toxicity of lemon eucalyptus oil constituents to acaricide-susceptible and acaricide-resistant Tetranychus urticae.
AID1111944	Insecticidal activity against fenpropathrin-resistant female Tetranychus urticae FRT-53 (two-spotted spider mite) in kidney bean assessed as mortality in 3 cm disks measured after 24 hr exposure by vapour-phase mortality bioassay	2011	Pest management science, Dec, Volume: 67, Issue:12	Fumigant toxicity of lemon eucalyptus oil constituents to acaricide-susceptible and acaricide-resistant Tetranychus urticae.
AID1113017	Nematicidal activity against second-stage juveniles of Meloidogyne incognita (root-knot nematode) after 1 day by inverted microscopic analysis	2013	Journal of agricultural and food chemistry, Feb-27, Volume: 61, Issue:8	Potent nematicidal activity of phthalaldehyde, salicylaldehyde, and cinnamic aldehyde against Meloidogyne incognita.
AID1081894	Repellent activity against Tribolium castaneum (red flour beetle) assessed as induction of repellency measured 2 hr post compound exposure at 0.0002 uL/cm2 using 15% compound formulation	2011	Journal of agricultural and food chemistry, Mar-09, Volume: 59, Issue:5	Repellent activity of essential oils and some of their individual constituents against Tribolium castaneum herbst.
AID1111943	Insecticidal activity against pyridaben-resistant female Tetranychus urticae PRT-53 (two-spotted spider mite) in kidney bean assessed as mortality in 3 cm disks measured after 24 hr exposure by vapour-phase mortality bioassay	2011	Pest management science, Dec, Volume: 67, Issue:12	Fumigant toxicity of lemon eucalyptus oil constituents to acaricide-susceptible and acaricide-resistant Tetranychus urticae.
AID1081889	Repellent activity against Tribolium castaneum (red flour beetle) assessed as induction of repellency measured 4 hr post compound exposure at 0.0002 uL/cm2 using 15% compound formulation	2011	Journal of agricultural and food chemistry, Mar-09, Volume: 59, Issue:5	Repellent activity of essential oils and some of their individual constituents against Tribolium castaneum herbst.
AID1111942	Insecticidal activity against abamectin-resistant female Tetranychus urticae ART-53 (two-spotted spider mite) in kidney bean assessed as mortality in 3 cm disks measured after 24 hr exposure by vapour-phase mortality bioassay	2011	Pest management science, Dec, Volume: 67, Issue:12	Fumigant toxicity of lemon eucalyptus oil constituents to acaricide-susceptible and acaricide-resistant Tetranychus urticae.
AID1346564	Rat TRPV2 (Transient Receptor Potential channels)	2008	PloS one, May-07, Volume: 3, Issue:5	Citral sensing by Transient [corrected] receptor potential channels in dorsal root ganglion neurons.
[information is prepared from bioassay data collected from National Library of Medicine (NLM), extracted Dec-2023]

Timeframe	Studies, This Drug (%)	All Drugs %
pre-1990	58 (10.05)	18.7374
1990's	47 (8.15)	18.2507
2000's	122 (21.14)	29.6817
2010's	226 (39.17)	24.3611
2020's	124 (21.49)	2.80
[information is prepared from research data collected from National Library of Medicine (NLM), extracted Dec-2023]

Publication Type	This drug (%)	All Drugs (%)
Trials	7 (1.17%)	5.53%
Reviews	11 (1.84%)	6.00%
Case Studies	5 (0.83%)	4.05%
Observational	0 (0.00%)	0.25%
Other	576 (96.16%)	84.16%
[information is prepared from research data collected from National Library of Medicine (NLM), extracted Dec-2023]

Substance	Relationship Strength	Studies	Trials	Classes	Roles
dinitrochlorobenzene Dinitrochlorobenzene: A skin irritant that may cause dermatitis of both primary and allergic types. Contact sensitization with DNCB has been used as a measure of cellular immunity. DNCB is also used as a reagent for the detection and determination of pyridine compounds.. 1-chloro-2,4-dinitrobenzene : A C-nitro compound that is chlorobenzene carrying a nitro substituent at each of the 2- and 4-positions.	2.1	1	0	C-nitro compound; monochlorobenzenes	allergen; epitope; sensitiser
3-hydroxybenzaldehyde [no description available]	2.08	1	0	hydroxybenzaldehyde
gamma-aminobutyric acid gamma-Aminobutyric Acid: The most common inhibitory neurotransmitter in the central nervous system.. gamma-aminobutyric acid : A gamma-amino acid that is butanoic acid with the amino substituent located at C-4.	2.58	2	0	amino acid zwitterion; gamma-amino acid; monocarboxylic acid	human metabolite; neurotransmitter; Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite; signalling molecule
4-hydroxybenzaldehyde [no description available]	2.08	1	0	hydroxybenzaldehyde	EC 1.14.17.1 (dopamine beta-monooxygenase) inhibitor; mouse metabolite; plant metabolite
ethylene glycol Ethylene Glycol: A colorless, odorless, viscous dihydroxy alcohol. It has a sweet taste, but is poisonous if ingested. Ethylene glycol is the most important glycol commercially available and is manufactured on a large scale in the United States. It is used as an antifreeze and coolant, in hydraulic fluids, and in the manufacture of low-freezing dynamites and resins.. ethanediol : Any diol that is ethane or substituted ethane carrying two hydroxy groups.. ethylene glycol : A 1,2-glycol compound produced via reaction of ethylene oxide with water.	2.21	1	0	ethanediol; glycol	metabolite; mouse metabolite; solvent; toxin
acetaldehyde Acetaldehyde: A colorless, flammable liquid used in the manufacture of acetic acid, perfumes, and flavors. It is also an intermediate in the metabolism of alcohol. It has a general narcotic action and also causes irritation of mucous membranes. Large doses may cause death from respiratory paralysis.. acetaldehyde : The aldehyde formed from acetic acid by reduction of the carboxy group. It is the most abundant carcinogen in tobacco smoke.. aldehyde : A compound RC(=O)H, in which a carbonyl group is bonded to one hydrogen atom and to one R group.. acetyl group : A group, formally derived from acetic acid by dehydroxylation, which is fundamental to the biochemistry of all forms of life. When bound to coenzyme A, it is central to the metabolism of carbohydrates and fats.	7.46	2	0	aldehyde	carcinogenic agent; EC 3.5.1.4 (amidase) inhibitor; electron acceptor; Escherichia coli metabolite; human metabolite; mouse metabolite; mutagen; oxidising agent; Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite; teratogenic agent
quinacrine Quinacrine: An acridine derivative formerly widely used as an antimalarial but superseded by chloroquine in recent years. It has also been used as an anthelmintic and in the treatment of giardiasis and malignant effusions. It is used in cell biological experiments as an inhibitor of phospholipase A2.. quinacrine : A member of the class of acridines that is acridine substituted by a chloro group at position 6, a methoxy group at position 2 and a [5-(diethylamino)pentan-2-yl]nitrilo group at position 9.	3.31	1	0	acridines; aromatic ether; organochlorine compound; tertiary amino compound	antimalarial; EC 1.8.1.12 (trypanothione-disulfide reductase) inhibitor
benzaldehyde [no description available]	7.95	4	0	benzaldehydes	EC 3.1.1.3 (triacylglycerol lipase) inhibitor; EC 3.5.5.1 (nitrilase) inhibitor; flavouring agent; fragrance; odorant receptor agonist; plant metabolite
betaine glycine betaine : The amino acid betaine derived from glycine.	2.06	1	0	amino-acid betaine; glycine derivative	fundamental metabolite
carbamates [no description available]	2.05	1	0	amino-acid anion
catechol [no description available]	2.08	1	0	catechols	allelochemical; genotoxin; plant metabolite
choline [no description available]	1.98	1	0	cholines	allergen; Daphnia magna metabolite; Escherichia coli metabolite; human metabolite; mouse metabolite; neurotransmitter; nutrient; plant metabolite; Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite
citric acid, anhydrous Citric Acid: A key intermediate in metabolism. It is an acid compound found in citrus fruits. The salts of citric acid (citrates) can be used as anticoagulants due to their calcium chelating ability.. citric acid : A tricarboxylic acid that is propane-1,2,3-tricarboxylic acid bearing a hydroxy substituent at position 2. It is an important metabolite in the pathway of all aerobic organisms.	2.11	1	0	tricarboxylic acid	antimicrobial agent; chelator; food acidity regulator; fundamental metabolite
coumarin 2H-chromen-2-one: coumarin derivative	2.94	4	0	coumarins	fluorescent dye; human metabolite; plant metabolite
cuminaldehyde cuminaldehyde : A member of the class of benzaldehydes that is benzaldehyde substituted by an isopropyl group at position 4. It is a component of essential oils from Cumin and exhibits insecticidal activities.	7.4	2	0	benzaldehydes	insecticide; plant metabolite; volatile oil component
salicylic acid Scalp: The outer covering of the calvaria. It is composed of several layers: SKIN; subcutaneous connective tissue; the occipitofrontal muscle which includes the tendinous galea aponeurotica; loose connective tissue; and the pericranium (the PERIOSTEUM of the SKULL).	2.07	1	0	monohydroxybenzoic acid	algal metabolite; antifungal agent; antiinfective agent; EC 1.11.1.11 (L-ascorbate peroxidase) inhibitor; keratolytic drug; plant hormone; plant metabolite
octanoic acid octanoic acid: RN given refers to parent cpd; structure in Merck Index, 9th ed, #1764. octanoic acid : A straight-chain saturated fatty acid that is heptane in which one of the hydrogens of a terminal methyl group has been replaced by a carboxy group. Octanoic acid is also known as caprylic acid.	2.05	1	0	medium-chain fatty acid; straight-chain saturated fatty acid	antibacterial agent; Escherichia coli metabolite; human metabolite
hydrogen sulfide Hydrogen Sulfide: A flammable, poisonous gas with a characteristic odor of rotten eggs. It is used in the manufacture of chemicals, in metallurgy, and as an analytical reagent. (From Merck Index, 11th ed). hydrogen sulfide : A sulfur hydride consisting of a single sulfur atom bonded to two hydrogen atoms. A highly poisonous, flammable gas with a characteristic odour of rotten eggs, it is often produced by bacterial decomposition of organic matter in the absence of oxygen.. thiol : An organosulfur compound in which a thiol group, -SH, is attached to a carbon atom of any aliphatic or aromatic moiety.	3.35	1	0	gas molecular entity; hydracid; mononuclear parent hydride; sulfur hydride	Escherichia coli metabolite; genotoxin; metabolite; signalling molecule; toxin; vasodilator agent
caprylic aldehyde caprylic aldehyde: structure in Merck Index, 9th ed, #1765. octanal : A saturated fatty aldehyde formally arising from reduction of the carboxy group of caprylic acid (octanoic acid).	2.02	1	0	medium-chain fatty aldehyde; n-alkanal; saturated fatty aldehyde	plant metabolite
lactic acid Lactic Acid: A normal intermediate in the fermentation (oxidation, metabolism) of sugar. The concentrated form is used internally to prevent gastrointestinal fermentation. (From Stedman, 26th ed). 2-hydroxypropanoic acid : A 2-hydroxy monocarboxylic acid that is propanoic acid in which one of the alpha-hydrogens is replaced by a hydroxy group.	2.11	1	0	2-hydroxy monocarboxylic acid	algal metabolite; Daphnia magna metabolite
3,4-dihydrocoumarin melilotol: structure in first source. 3,4-dihydrocoumarin : A chromanone that is the 3,4-dihydro derivative of coumarin.	1.99	1	0	chromanone	plant metabolite
formaldehyde paraform: polymerized formaldehyde; RN given refers to parent cpd; used in root canal therapy	2.59	2	0	aldehyde; one-carbon compound	allergen; carcinogenic agent; disinfectant; EC 3.5.1.4 (amidase) inhibitor; environmental contaminant; Escherichia coli metabolite; mouse metabolite; Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite
glycerol Moon: The natural satellite of the planet Earth. It includes the lunar cycles or phases, the lunar month, lunar landscapes, geography, and soil.	2.07	1	0	alditol; triol	algal metabolite; detergent; Escherichia coli metabolite; geroprotector; human metabolite; mouse metabolite; osmolyte; Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite; solvent
hydrogen cyanide Hydrogen Cyanide: Hydrogen cyanide (HCN); A toxic liquid or colorless gas. It is found in the smoke of various tobacco products and released by combustion of nitrogen-containing organic materials.. hydrogen cyanide : A one-carbon compound consisting of a methine group triple bonded to a nitrogen atom	3.35	1	0	hydracid; one-carbon compound	Escherichia coli metabolite; human metabolite; poison
hydrogen Hydrogen: The first chemical element in the periodic table with atomic symbol H, and atomic number 1. Protium (atomic weight 1) is by far the most common hydrogen isotope. Hydrogen also exists as the stable isotope DEUTERIUM (atomic weight 2) and the radioactive isotope TRITIUM (atomic weight 3). Hydrogen forms into a diatomic molecule at room temperature and appears as a highly flammable colorless and odorless gas.. dihydrogen : An elemental molecule consisting of two hydrogens joined by a single bond.	3.35	1	0	elemental hydrogen; elemental molecule; gas molecular entity	antioxidant; electron donor; food packaging gas; fuel; human metabolite
indoleacetic acid indoleacetic acid: RN given refers to unlabeled parent cpd; structure in Merck Index, 9th ed, #4841. auxin : Any of a group of compounds, both naturally occurring and synthetic, that induce cell elongation in plant stems (from Greek alphaupsilonxialphanuomega, "to grow").. indole-3-acetic acid : A monocarboxylic acid that is acetic acid in which one of the methyl hydrogens has been replaced by a 1H-indol-3-yl group.	2.05	1	0	indole-3-acetic acids; monocarboxylic acid	auxin; human metabolite; mouse metabolite; plant hormone; plant metabolite
pyruvaldehyde Pyruvaldehyde: An organic compound used often as a reagent in organic synthesis, as a flavoring agent, and in tanning. It has been demonstrated as an intermediate in the metabolism of acetone and its derivatives in isolated cell preparations, in various culture media, and in vivo in certain animals.. methylglyoxal : A 2-oxo aldehyde derived from propanal.	2	1	0	2-oxo aldehyde; propanals	Escherichia coli metabolite; human metabolite; mouse metabolite; Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite
nickel Nickel: A trace element with the atomic symbol Ni, atomic number 28, and atomic weight 58.69. It is a cofactor of the enzyme UREASE.. nickel ion : A nickel atom having a net electric charge.. nickel atom : Chemical element (nickel group element atom) with atomic number 28.	7.45	2	0	metal allergen; nickel group element atom	epitope; micronutrient
1-octanol 1-Octanol: A colorless, slightly viscous liquid used as a defoaming or wetting agent. It is also used as a solvent for protective coatings, waxes, and oils, and as a raw material for plasticizers. (From McGraw-Hill Dictionary of Scientific and Technical Terms, 5th ed). octan-1-ol : An octanol carrying the hydroxy group at position 1.	2.05	1	0	octanol; primary alcohol	antifungal agent; bacterial metabolite; fuel additive; kairomone; plant metabolite
palmitic acid Palmitic Acid: A common saturated fatty acid found in fats and waxes including olive oil, palm oil, and body lipids.. hexadecanoic acid : A straight-chain, sixteen-carbon, saturated long-chain fatty acid.	2.89	3	0	long-chain fatty acid; straight-chain saturated fatty acid	algal metabolite; Daphnia magna metabolite; EC 1.1.1.189 (prostaglandin-E2 9-reductase) inhibitor; plant metabolite
phenylacetaldehyde [no description available]	2.53	2	0	alpha-CH2-containing aldehyde; phenylacetaldehydes	Escherichia coli metabolite; human metabolite; mouse metabolite; Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite
phenylacetic acid phenylacetic acid : A monocarboxylic acid that is toluene in which one of the hydrogens of the methyl group has been replaced by a carboxy group.	2.05	1	0	benzenes; monocarboxylic acid; phenylacetic acids	allergen; Aspergillus metabolite; auxin; EC 6.4.1.1 (pyruvate carboxylase) inhibitor; Escherichia coli metabolite; human metabolite; plant growth retardant; plant metabolite; Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite; toxin
1-propanol 1-Propanol: A colorless liquid made by oxidation of aliphatic hydrocarbons that is used as a solvent and chemical intermediate.. propan-1-ol : The parent member of the class of propan-1-ols that is propane in which a hydrogen of one of the methyl groups is replaced by a hydroxy group.	2.39	2	0	propan-1-ols; short-chain primary fatty alcohol	metabolite; protic solvent
pyruvic acid Pyruvic Acid: An intermediate compound in the metabolism of carbohydrates, proteins, and fats. In thiamine deficiency, its oxidation is retarded and it accumulates in the tissues, especially in nervous structures. (From Stedman, 26th ed). pyruvic acid : A 2-oxo monocarboxylic acid that is the 2-keto derivative of propionic acid. It is a metabolite obtained during glycolysis.	2.01	1	0	2-oxo monocarboxylic acid	cofactor; fundamental metabolite
dimethyl sulfide dimethyl sulfide: structure. dimethyl sulfide : A methyl sulfide in which the sulfur atom is substituted by two methyl groups. It is produced naturally by some marine algae.. methyl sulfide : Any aliphatic sulfide in which at least one of the organyl groups attached to the sulfur is a methyl group.	7.08	1	0	aliphatic sulfide	algal metabolite; bacterial xenobiotic metabolite; EC 3.5.1.4 (amidase) inhibitor; Escherichia coli metabolite; marine metabolite
succinic acid Succinic Acid: A water-soluble, colorless crystal with an acid taste that is used as a chemical intermediate, in medicine, the manufacture of lacquers, and to make perfume esters. It is also used in foods as a sequestrant, buffer, and a neutralizing agent. (Hawley's Condensed Chemical Dictionary, 12th ed, p1099; McGraw-Hill Dictionary of Scientific and Technical Terms, 4th ed, p1851). succinic acid : An alpha,omega-dicarboxylic acid resulting from the formal oxidation of each of the terminal methyl groups of butane to the corresponding carboxy group. It is an intermediate metabolite in the citric acid cycle.	2.01	1	0	alpha,omega-dicarboxylic acid; C4-dicarboxylic acid	anti-ulcer drug; fundamental metabolite; micronutrient; nutraceutical; radiation protective agent
toluene methylbenzene : Any alkylbenzene that is benzene substituted with one or more methyl groups.	3.56	2	0	methylbenzene; toluenes; volatile organic compound	cholinergic antagonist; fuel additive; neurotoxin; non-polar solvent
vanillin Vanilla: A plant genus of the family ORCHIDACEAE that is the source of the familiar flavoring used in foods and medicines (FLAVORING AGENTS).	9.67	8	0	benzaldehydes; monomethoxybenzene; phenols	anti-inflammatory agent; anticonvulsant; antioxidant; flavouring agent; plant metabolite
isopentenyl pyrophosphate isopentenyl pyrophosphate: substrate for isopentenyl pyrophosphate isomerase; RN given refers to unlabeled cpd; a nonpeptide mycobacterial antigen that stimulates gamma delta T cells. isopentenyl diphosphate : A prenol phosphate comprising 3-methylbut-3-en-1-ol having an O-diphosphate substituent.	3.15	1	0	prenol phosphate	antigen; antioxidant; epitope; Escherichia coli metabolite; mouse metabolite; phosphoantigen
menthol Menthol: A monoterpene cyclohexanol produced from mint oils.	5.38	13	0	p-menthane monoterpenoid; secondary alcohol	volatile oil component
mercaptoethanol Mercaptoethanol: A water-soluble thiol derived from hydrogen sulfide and ethanol. It is used as a reducing agent for disulfide bonds and to protect sulfhydryl groups from oxidation.	2.07	1	0	alkanethiol; primary alcohol	geroprotector
3-methylcholanthrene Methylcholanthrene: A carcinogen that is often used in experimental cancer studies.. 3-methylcholanthrene : A pentacyclic ortho- and peri-fused polycyclic arene consisting of a dihydrocyclopenta[ij]tetraphene ring system with a methyl substituent at the 3-position.	1.99	1	0	ortho- and peri-fused polycyclic arene	aryl hydrocarbon receptor agonist; carcinogenic agent
p-chloromercuribenzoic acid p-Chloromercuribenzoic Acid: An organic mercurial used as a sulfhydryl reagent.	1.93	1	0	chlorine molecular entity; mercuribenzoic acid
phenytoin [no description available]	2.05	1	0	imidazolidine-2,4-dione	anticonvulsant; drug allergen; sodium channel blocker; teratogenic agent
oxyquinoline Oxyquinoline: An antiseptic with mild fungistatic, bacteriostatic, anthelmintic, and amebicidal action. It is also used as a reagent and metal chelator, as a carrier for radio-indium for diagnostic purposes, and its halogenated derivatives are used in addition as topical anti-infective agents and oral antiamebics.. quinolin-8-ol : A monohydroxyquinoline that is quinoline substituted by a hydroxy group at position 8. Its fungicidal properties are used for the control of grey mould on vines and tomatoes.	1.93	1	0	monohydroxyquinoline	antibacterial agent; antifungal agrochemical; antiseptic drug; iron chelator
acetaminophen Acetaminophen: Analgesic antipyretic derivative of acetanilide. It has weak anti-inflammatory properties and is used as a common analgesic, but may cause liver, blood cell, and kidney damage.. paracetamol : A member of the class of phenols that is 4-aminophenol in which one of the hydrogens attached to the amino group has been replaced by an acetyl group.	7.17	1	0	acetamides; phenols	antipyretic; cyclooxygenase 1 inhibitor; cyclooxygenase 2 inhibitor; cyclooxygenase 3 inhibitor; environmental contaminant; ferroptosis inducer; geroprotector; hepatotoxic agent; human blood serum metabolite; non-narcotic analgesic; non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug; xenobiotic
amodiaquine Amodiaquine: A 4-aminoquinoline compound with anti-inflammatory properties.. amodiaquine : A quinoline having a chloro group at the 7-position and an aryl amino group at the 4-position.	3.31	1	0	aminoquinoline; organochlorine compound; phenols; secondary amino compound; tertiary amino compound	anticoronaviral agent; antimalarial; drug allergen; EC 2.1.1.8 (histamine N-methyltransferase) inhibitor; non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug; prodrug
aniracetam [no description available]	2.05	1	0	N-acylpyrrolidine; pyrrolidin-2-ones
antipyrine Antipyrine: An analgesic and antipyretic that has been given by mouth and as ear drops. Antipyrine is often used in testing the effects of other drugs or diseases on drug-metabolizing enzymes in the liver. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p29). antipyrine : A pyrazolone derivative that is 1,2-dihydropyrazol-3-one substituted with methyl groups at N-1 and C-5 and with a phenyl group at N-2.	2.05	1	0	pyrazolone	antipyretic; cyclooxygenase 3 inhibitor; environmental contaminant; non-narcotic analgesic; non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug; xenobiotic
aspirin Aspirin: The prototypical analgesic used in the treatment of mild to moderate pain. It has anti-inflammatory and antipyretic properties and acts as an inhibitor of cyclooxygenase which results in the inhibition of the biosynthesis of prostaglandins. Aspirin also inhibits platelet aggregation and is used in the prevention of arterial and venous thrombosis. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p5). acetylsalicylate : A benzoate that is the conjugate base of acetylsalicylic acid, arising from deprotonation of the carboxy group.. acetylsalicylic acid : A member of the class of benzoic acids that is salicylic acid in which the hydrogen that is attached to the phenolic hydroxy group has been replaced by an acetoxy group. A non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug with cyclooxygenase inhibitor activity.	7.15	1	0	benzoic acids; phenyl acetates; salicylates	anticoagulant; antipyretic; cyclooxygenase 1 inhibitor; cyclooxygenase 2 inhibitor; drug allergen; EC 1.1.1.188 (prostaglandin-F synthase) inhibitor; geroprotector; non-narcotic analgesic; non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug; plant activator; platelet aggregation inhibitor; prostaglandin antagonist; teratogenic agent
baclofen [no description available]	2.01	1	0	amino acid zwitterion; gamma-amino acid; monocarboxylic acid; monochlorobenzenes; primary amino compound	central nervous system depressant; GABA agonist; muscle relaxant
bendiocarb bendiocarb: FICAM 80W contains 80% of the above chemical cpd as the active ingredient	2.05	1	0	benzodioxoles; carbamate ester	agrochemical; carbamate insecticide; EC 3.1.1.7 (acetylcholinesterase) inhibitor
benzyl benzoate benzyl benzoate: structure; acarosan, a moist powder composed of wetted cellulose and benzyl benzoate, is used on carpets as an acaricide. benzyl benzoate : A benzoate ester obtained by the formal condensation of benzoic acid with benzyl alcohol. It has been isolated from the plant species of the genus Polyalthia.	2.46	2	0	benzoate ester; benzyl ester	acaricide; plant metabolite; scabicide
buspirone Buspirone: An anxiolytic agent and serotonin receptor agonist belonging to the azaspirodecanedione class of compounds. Its structure is unrelated to those of the BENZODIAZAPINES, but it has an efficacy comparable to DIAZEPAM.. buspirone : An azaspiro compound that is 8-azaspiro[4.5]decane-7,9-dione substituted at the nitrogen atom by a 4-(piperazin-1-yl)butyl group which in turn is substituted by a pyrimidin-2-yl group at the N(4) position.	2.05	1	0	azaspiro compound; N-alkylpiperazine; N-arylpiperazine; organic heteropolycyclic compound; piperidones; pyrimidines	anxiolytic drug; EC 3.4.21.26 (prolyl oligopeptidase) inhibitor; sedative; serotonergic agonist
camphor, (+-)-isomer [no description available]	2.69	3	0	bornane monoterpenoid; cyclic monoterpene ketone	plant metabolite
carbofuran Carbofuran: A cholinesterase inhibitor that is used as a systemic insecticide, an acaricide, and nematocide. (From Merck Index, 11th ed)	2.05	1	0	1-benzofurans; carbamate ester	acaricide; agrochemical; avicide; carbamate insecticide; EC 3.1.1.7 (acetylcholinesterase) inhibitor; EC 3.1.1.8 (cholinesterase) inhibitor; nematicide
carisoprodol Carisoprodol: A centrally acting skeletal muscle relaxant whose mechanism of action is not completely understood but may be related to its sedative actions. It is used as an adjunct in the symptomatic treatment of musculoskeletal conditions associated with painful muscle spasm. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p1202). carisoprodol : A carbamate ester that is the mono-N-isopropyl derivative of meprobamate (which is a significant metabolite). Carisoprodol interrupts neuronal communication within the reticular formation and spinal cord, resulting in sedation and alteration in pain perception. It is used as a muscle relaxant in the symptomatic treatment of musculoskeletal conditions associated with painful muscle spasm.	2.05	1	0	carbamate ester	muscle relaxant
chloral hydrate [no description available]	2	1	0	aldehyde hydrate; ethanediol; organochlorine compound	general anaesthetic; mouse metabolite; sedative; xenobiotic
chlorpropham Chlorpropham: A carbamate that is used as an herbicide and as a plant growth regulator.. chlorpropham : A carbamate ester that is the isopropyl ester of 3-chlorophenylcarbamic acid.	2.05	1	0	benzenes; carbamate ester; monochlorobenzenes	herbicide; plant growth retardant
chlorzoxazone Chlorzoxazone: A centrally acting central muscle relaxant with sedative properties. It is claimed to inhibit muscle spasm by exerting an effect primarily at the level of the spinal cord and subcortical areas of the brain. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoea, 30th ed, p1202). chlorzoxazone : A member of the class of 1,3-benzoxazoles that is 1,3-benzoxazol-2-ol in which the hydrogen atom at position 5 is substituted by chlorine. A centrally acting muscle relaxant with sedative properties, it is used for the symptomatic treatment of painful muscle spasm.	2.05	1	0	1,3-benzoxazoles; heteroaryl hydroxy compound; organochlorine compound	muscle relaxant; sedative
eucalyptol [no description available]	9.15	15	0
cinoxacin Cinoxacin: Synthetic antimicrobial related to OXOLINIC ACID and NALIDIXIC ACID and used in URINARY TRACT INFECTIONS.. cinoxacin : A member of the class of cinnolines that is 6,7-methylenedioxycinnolin-4(1H)-one bearing an ethyl group at position 1 and a carboxylic acid group at position 3. An analogue of oxolinic acid, it has similar antibacterial actions. It was formerly used for the treatment of urinary tract infections.	2.05	1	0	cinnolines; oxacycle; oxo carboxylic acid	antibacterial drug; antiinfective agent
ciprofloxacin Ciprofloxacin: A broad-spectrum antimicrobial carboxyfluoroquinoline.. ciprofloxacin : A quinolone that is quinolin-4(1H)-one bearing cyclopropyl, carboxylic acid, fluoro and piperazin-1-yl substituents at positions 1, 3, 6 and 7, respectively.	2.6	1	0	aminoquinoline; cyclopropanes; fluoroquinolone antibiotic; N-arylpiperazine; quinolinemonocarboxylic acid; quinolone antibiotic; quinolone; zwitterion	antibacterial drug; antiinfective agent; antimicrobial agent; DNA synthesis inhibitor; EC 5.99.1.3 [DNA topoisomerase (ATP-hydrolysing)] inhibitor; environmental contaminant; topoisomerase IV inhibitor; xenobiotic
clonidine Clonidine: An imidazoline sympatholytic agent that stimulates ALPHA-2 ADRENERGIC RECEPTORS and central IMIDAZOLINE RECEPTORS. It is commonly used in the management of HYPERTENSION.. clonidine (amino form) : A clonidine that is 4,5-dihydro-1H-imidazol-2-amine in which one of the amino hydrogens is replaced by a 2,6-dichlorophenyl group.	2.45	2	0	clonidine; imidazoline
4-cresol 4-cresol: RN given refers to parent cpd. p-cresol : A cresol that consists of toluene substituted by a hydroxy group at position 4. It is a metabolite of aromatic amino acid metabolism produced by intestinal microflora in humans and animals.	2.03	1	0	cresol	Escherichia coli metabolite; human metabolite; uremic toxin
cypermethrin cypermethrin : A carboxylic ester resulting from the formal condensation between 3-(2,2-dichlorovinyl)-2,2-dimethylcyclopropanecarboxylic acid and the alcoholic hydroxy group of hydroxy(3-phenoxyphenyl)acetonitrile.. zeta-cypermethrin : A diastereoisomeric mixture comprising the isomeric pair (1R)-cis-(alphaS)- and (1S)-trans-(alphaR)-cypermethrin together with the isomeric pair (1S)-cis-(alphaS)- and (1S)-trans-(alphaS)-cypermethrin where the ratio between the isomeric pairs lies in the range 45:55 to 55:45.	2.6	1	0	aromatic ether; cyclopropanecarboxylate ester; nitrile; organochlorine compound	agrochemical; molluscicide; pyrethroid ester acaricide; pyrethroid ester insecticide
decanoic acid decanoate : A fatty acid anion 10:0 that is the conjugate base of decanoic acid.. decanoic acid : A C10, straight-chain saturated fatty acid.	2.42	2	0	medium-chain fatty acid; straight-chain saturated fatty acid	algal metabolite; anti-inflammatory agent; antibacterial agent; human metabolite; plant metabolite; volatile oil component
diphenyleneiodonium diphenyleneiodonium: structure in first source; NADPH oxidase inhibitor. dibenziodolium : An organic cation that is fluorene in which the methylene group is replaced by a positively charged iodine.	2.1	1	0	organic cation
disulfiram [no description available]	2.05	1	0	organic disulfide; organosulfur acaricide	angiogenesis inhibitor; antineoplastic agent; apoptosis inducer; EC 1.2.1.3 [aldehyde dehydrogenase (NAD(+))] inhibitor; EC 3.1.1.1 (carboxylesterase) inhibitor; EC 3.1.1.8 (cholinesterase) inhibitor; EC 5.99.1.2 (DNA topoisomerase) inhibitor; ferroptosis inducer; fungicide; NF-kappaB inhibitor
droperidol Droperidol: A butyrophenone with general properties similar to those of HALOPERIDOL. It is used in conjunction with an opioid analgesic such as FENTANYL to maintain the patient in a calm state of neuroleptanalgesia with indifference to surroundings but still able to cooperate with the surgeon. It is also used as a premedicant, as an antiemetic, and for the control of agitation in acute psychoses. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 29th ed, p593). droperidol : An organofluorine compound that is haloperidol in which the hydroxy group has been eliminated with the introduction of a double bond in the piperidine ring, and the 4-chlorophenyl group has been replaced by a benzimidazol-2-on-1-yl group. It is used in the management of chemotherapy-induced nausea and vomiting, and in conjunction with an opioid analgesic such as fentanyl to maintain the patient in a calm state of neuroleptanalgesia with indifference to surroundings but still able to cooperate with the surgeon.	2.05	1	0	aromatic ketone; benzimidazoles; organofluorine compound	anaesthesia adjuvant; antiemetic; dopaminergic antagonist; first generation antipsychotic
erythrosine Fluoresceins: A family of spiro(isobenzofuran-1(3H),9'-(9H)xanthen)-3-one derivatives. These are used as dyes, as indicators for various metals, and as fluorescent labels in immunoassays.	2.1	1	0
etazolate Etazolate: A potent phosphodiesterase inhibitor proposed as an antipsychotic agent.. etazolate : A pyrazolopyridine that is 1H-pyrazolo[3,4-b]pyridine which is substituted at positions 1, 4, and 5 by ethyl, 2-isopropylidenehydrazino, and ethoxycarbonyl groups, respectively. A phosphodiesterase IV inhibitor with antidepressant and anxiolytic properties.	2.05	1	0	ethyl ester; hydrazone; pyrazolopyridine	alpha-secretase activator; antidepressant; antipsychotic agent; anxiolytic drug; GABA agent; neuroprotective agent; phosphodiesterase IV inhibitor
ethacrynic acid Ethacrynic Acid: A compound that inhibits symport of sodium, potassium, and chloride primarily in the ascending limb of Henle, but also in the proximal and distal tubules. This pharmacological action results in excretion of these ions, increased urinary output, and reduction in extracellular fluid. This compound has been classified as a loop or high ceiling diuretic.. etacrynic acid : An aromatic ether that is phenoxyacetic acid in which the phenyl ring is substituted by chlorines at positions 2 and 3, and by a 2-methylidenebutanoyl group at position 4. It is a loop diuretic used to treat high blood pressure resulting from diseases such as congestive heart failure, liver failure, and kidney failure. It is also a glutathione S-transferase (EC 2.5.1.18) inhibitor.	6.99	1	0	aromatic ether; aromatic ketone; dichlorobenzene; monocarboxylic acid	EC 2.5.1.18 (glutathione transferase) inhibitor; ion transport inhibitor; loop diuretic
fenbendazole Fenbendazole: Antinematodal benzimidazole used in veterinary medicine.. fenbendazole : A member of the class of benzimidazoles that is 1H-benzimidazole which is substituted at positons 2 and 5 by (methoxycarbonyl)amino and phenylsulfanediyl groups, respectively. A broad-spectrum anthelmintic, it is used, particularly in veterinary medicine, for the treatment of nematodal infections.	2.05	1	0	aryl sulfide; benzimidazoles; carbamate ester	antinematodal drug
fenofibrate Pharmavit: a polyvitamin product, comprising vitamins A, D2, B1, B2, B6, C, E, nicotinamide, & calcium pantothene; may be a promising agent for application to human populations exposed to carcinogenic and genetic hazards of ionizing radiation; RN from CHEMLINE	2.05	1	0	aromatic ether; chlorobenzophenone; isopropyl ester; monochlorobenzenes	antilipemic drug; environmental contaminant; geroprotector; xenobiotic
fenspiride fenspiride: was heading 1975-94 (see under SPIRO COMPOUNDS 1975-90); use SPIRO COMPOUNDS to search FENSPIRIDE 1975-94; bronchodilator agent used in asthma	2.05	1	0	azaspiro compound
fluconazole Fluconazole: Triazole antifungal agent that is used to treat oropharyngeal CANDIDIASIS and cryptococcal MENINGITIS in AIDS.. fluconazole : A member of the class of triazoles that is propan-2-ol substituted at position 1 and 3 by 1H-1,2,4-triazol-1-yl groups and at position 2 by a 2,4-difluorophenyl group. It is an antifungal drug used for the treatment of mucosal candidiasis and for systemic infections including systemic candidiasis, coccidioidomycosis, and cryptococcosis.	2.06	1	0	conazole antifungal drug; difluorobenzene; tertiary alcohol; triazole antifungal drug	environmental contaminant; P450 inhibitor; xenobiotic
flumazenil Flumazenil: A potent benzodiazepine receptor antagonist. Since it reverses the sedative and other actions of benzodiazepines, it has been suggested as an antidote to benzodiazepine overdoses.. flumazenil : An organic heterotricyclic compound that is 5,6-dihydro-4H-imidazo[1,5-a][1,4]benzodiazepine which is substituted at positions 3, 5, 6, and 8 by ethoxycarbonyl, methyl, oxo, and fluoro groups, respectively. It is used as an antidote to benzodiazepine overdose.	2.82	2	0	ethyl ester; imidazobenzodiazepine; organofluorine compound	antidote to benzodiazepine poisoning; GABA antagonist
fluorouracil Fluorouracil: A pyrimidine analog that is an antineoplastic antimetabolite. It interferes with DNA synthesis by blocking the THYMIDYLATE SYNTHETASE conversion of deoxyuridylic acid to thymidylic acid.. 5-fluorouracil : A nucleobase analogue that is uracil in which the hydrogen at position 5 is replaced by fluorine. It is an antineoplastic agent which acts as an antimetabolite - following conversion to the active deoxynucleotide, it inhibits DNA synthesis (by blocking the conversion of deoxyuridylic acid to thymidylic acid by the cellular enzyme thymidylate synthetase) and so slows tumour growth.	7.11	1	0	nucleobase analogue; organofluorine compound	antimetabolite; antineoplastic agent; environmental contaminant; immunosuppressive agent; radiosensitizing agent; xenobiotic
fluoxetine Fluoxetine: The first highly specific serotonin uptake inhibitor. It is used as an antidepressant and often has a more acceptable side-effects profile than traditional antidepressants.. fluoxetine : A racemate comprising equimolar amounts of (R)- and (S)-fluoxetine. A selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor (SSRI), it is used (generally as the hydrochloride salt) for the treatment of depression (and the depressive phase of bipolar disorder), bullimia nervosa, and obsessive-compulsive disorder.. N-methyl-3-phenyl-3-[4-(trifluoromethyl)phenoxy]propan-1-amine : An aromatic ether consisting of 4-trifluoromethylphenol in which the hydrogen of the phenolic hydroxy group is replaced by a 3-(methylamino)-1-phenylpropyl group.	3.31	1	0	(trifluoromethyl)benzenes; aromatic ether; secondary amino compound
fomepizole Fomepizole: A pyrazole and competitive inhibitor of ALCOHOL DEHYDROGENASE that is used for the treatment of poisoning by ETHYLENE GLYCOL or METHANOL.. fomepizole : A member of the class of pyrazoles that is 1H-pyrazole substituted by a methyl group at position 4.	2.39	2	0	pyrazoles	antidote; EC 1.1.1.1 (alcohol dehydrogenase) inhibitor; protective agent
glafenine Glafenine: An anthranilic acid derivative with analgesic properties used for the relief of all types of pain.. glafenine : A carboxylic ester that is 2,3-dihydroxypropyl anthranilate in which the amino group is substituted by a 7-chloroquinolin-4-yl group. A non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug, glafenine and its hydrochloride salt were used for the relief of all types of pain, but high incidence of anaphylactic reactions resulted in their withdrawal from the market.	2.05	1	0	aminoquinoline; carboxylic ester; glycol; organochlorine compound; secondary amino compound	inhibitor; non-narcotic analgesic; non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug
glipizide Glipizide: An oral hypoglycemic agent which is rapidly absorbed and completely metabolized.. glipizide : An N-sulfonylurea that is glyburide in which the (5-chloro-2-methoxybenzoyl group is replaced by a (5-methylpyrazin-2-yl)carbonyl group. An oral hypoglycemic agent, it is used in the treatment of type 2 diabetes mellitus.	2.05	1	0	aromatic amide; monocarboxylic acid amide; N-sulfonylurea; pyrazines	EC 2.7.1.33 (pantothenate kinase) inhibitor; hypoglycemic agent; insulin secretagogue
hexobarbital Hexobarbital: A barbiturate that is effective as a hypnotic and sedative.. hexobarbital : A member of the class of barbiturates taht is barbituric acid substituted at N-1 by methyl and at C-5 by methyl and cyclohex-1-enyl groups.	2.11	1	0	barbiturates
hydroxychloroquine Hydroxychloroquine: A chemotherapeutic agent that acts against erythrocytic forms of malarial parasites. Hydroxychloroquine appears to concentrate in food vacuoles of affected protozoa. It inhibits plasmodial heme polymerase. (From Gilman et al., Goodman and Gilman's The Pharmacological Basis of Therapeutics, 9th ed, p970). hydroxychloroquine : An aminoquinoline that is chloroquine in which one of the N-ethyl groups is hydroxylated at position 2. An antimalarial with properties similar to chloroquine that acts against erythrocytic forms of malarial parasites, it is mainly used as the sulfate salt for the treatment of lupus erythematosus, rheumatoid arthritis, and light-sensitive skin eruptions.	3.31	1	0	aminoquinoline; organochlorine compound; primary alcohol; secondary amino compound; tertiary amino compound	anticoronaviral agent; antimalarial; antirheumatic drug; dermatologic drug
ibudilast [no description available]	2.05	1	0	pyrazolopyridine
ibuprofen Midol: combination of cinnamedrine, phenacetin, aspirin & caffeine	2.05	1	0	monocarboxylic acid	antipyretic; cyclooxygenase 1 inhibitor; cyclooxygenase 2 inhibitor; drug allergen; environmental contaminant; geroprotector; non-narcotic analgesic; non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug; radical scavenger; xenobiotic
idebenone [no description available]	2.05	1	0	1,4-benzoquinones; primary alcohol	antioxidant; ferroptosis inhibitor
indomethacin Indomethacin: A non-steroidal anti-inflammatory agent (NSAID) that inhibits CYCLOOXYGENASE, which is necessary for the formation of PROSTAGLANDINS and other AUTACOIDS. It also inhibits the motility of POLYMORPHONUCLEAR LEUKOCYTES.. indometacin : A member of the class of indole-3-acetic acids that is indole-3-acetic acid in which the indole ring is substituted at positions 1, 2 and 5 by p-chlorobenzoyl, methyl, and methoxy groups, respectively. A non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug, it is used in the treatment of musculoskeletal and joint disorders including osteoarthritis, rheumatoid arthritis, gout, bursitis and tendinitis.	2.05	1	0	aromatic ether; indole-3-acetic acids; monochlorobenzenes; N-acylindole	analgesic; drug metabolite; EC 1.14.99.1 (prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase) inhibitor; environmental contaminant; gout suppressant; non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug; xenobiotic metabolite; xenobiotic
isoniazid Hydra: A genus of freshwater polyps in the family Hydridae, order Hydroida, class HYDROZOA. They are of special interest because of their complex organization and because their adult organization corresponds roughly to the gastrula of higher animals.. hydrazide : Compounds derived from oxoacids RkE(=O)l(OH)m (l =/= 0) by replacing -OH by -NRNR2 (R groups are commonly H). (IUPAC).	2.07	1	0	carbohydrazide	antitubercular agent; drug allergen
ketanserin Ketanserin: A selective serotonin receptor antagonist with weak adrenergic receptor blocking properties. The drug is effective in lowering blood pressure in essential hypertension. It also inhibits platelet aggregation. It is well tolerated and is particularly effective in older patients.. ketanserin : A member of the class of quinazolines that is quinazoline-2,4(1H,3H)-dione which is substituted at position 3 by a 2-[4-(p-fluorobenzoyl)piperidin-1-yl]ethyl group.	2.1	1	0	aromatic ketone; organofluorine compound; piperidines; quinazolines	alpha-adrenergic antagonist; antihypertensive agent; cardiovascular drug; EC 3.4.21.26 (prolyl oligopeptidase) inhibitor; serotonergic antagonist
beta-lapachone beta-lapachone: antineoplastic inhibitor of reverse transcriptase, DNA topoisomerase, and DNA polymerase. beta-lapachone : A benzochromenone that is 3,4-dihydro-2H-benzo[h]chromene-5,6-dione substituted by geminal methyl groups at position 2. Isolated from Tabebuia avellanedae, it exhibits antineoplastic and anti-inflammatory activities.	2.05	1	0	benzochromenone; orthoquinones	anti-inflammatory agent; antineoplastic agent; plant metabolite
leflunomide Leflunomide: An isoxazole derivative that inhibits dihydroorotate dehydrogenase, the fourth enzyme in the pyrimidine biosynthetic pathway. It is used an immunosuppressive agent in the treatment of RHEUMATOID ARTHRITIS and PSORIATIC ARTHRITIS.. leflunomide : A monocarboxylic acid amide obtained by formal condensation of the carboxy group of 5-methyl-1,2-oxazole-4-carboxylic acid with the anilino group of 4-(trifluoromethyl)aniline. The prodrug of teriflunomide.	2.05	1	0	(trifluoromethyl)benzenes; isoxazoles; monocarboxylic acid amide	antineoplastic agent; antiparasitic agent; EC 1.3.98.1 [dihydroorotate oxidase (fumarate)] inhibitor; EC 3.1.3.16 (phosphoprotein phosphatase) inhibitor; hepatotoxic agent; immunosuppressive agent; non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug; prodrug; pyrimidine synthesis inhibitor; tyrosine kinase inhibitor
meprobamate Meprobamate: A carbamate with hypnotic, sedative, and some muscle relaxant properties, although in therapeutic doses reduction of anxiety rather than a direct effect may be responsible for muscle relaxation. Meprobamate has been reported to have anticonvulsant actions against petit mal seizures, but not against grand mal seizures (which may be exacerbated). It is used in the treatment of ANXIETY DISORDERS, and also for the short-term management of INSOMNIA but has largely been superseded by the BENZODIAZEPINES. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p603)	2.05	1	0	organic molecular entity
metformin Metformin: A biguanide hypoglycemic agent used in the treatment of non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus not responding to dietary modification. Metformin improves glycemic control by improving insulin sensitivity and decreasing intestinal absorption of glucose. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p289). metformin : A member of the class of guanidines that is biguanide the carrying two methyl substituents at position 1.	2.76	2	0	guanidines	environmental contaminant; geroprotector; hypoglycemic agent; xenobiotic
methadone Methadone: A synthetic opioid that is used as the hydrochloride. It is an opioid analgesic that is primarily a mu-opioid agonist. It has actions and uses similar to those of MORPHINE. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p1082-3). methadone : A racemate comprising equimolar amounts of dextromethadone and levomethadone. It is a opioid analgesic which is used as a painkiller and as a substitute for heroin in the treatment of heroin addiction.. 6-(dimethylamino)-4,4-diphenylheptan-3-one : A ketone that is heptan-3-one substituted by a dimethylamino group at position 6 and two phenyl groups at position 4.	3.35	1	0	benzenes; diarylmethane; ketone; tertiary amino compound
methyl salicylate methyl salicylate: used in over-the-counter liniments, ointments, lotions for relief of musculoskeletal aches and pains; has hemolytic effect on human & sheep erythrocytes; RN given refers to parent cpd; structure in Merck Index, 9th ed, #5990. methyl salicylate : A benzoate ester that is the methyl ester of salicylic acid.	2.48	2	0	benzoate ester; methyl ester; salicylates	flavouring agent; insect attractant; metabolite
metyrapone Metyrapone: An inhibitor of the enzyme STEROID 11-BETA-MONOOXYGENASE. It is used as a test of the feedback hypothalamic-pituitary mechanism in the diagnosis of CUSHING SYNDROME.. metyrapone : An aromatic ketone that is 3,3-dimethylbutan-2-one in which the methyl groups at positions 1 and 4 are replaced by pyridin-3-yl groups. A steroid 11beta-monooxygenase (EC 1.14.15.4) inhibitor, it is used in the diagnosis of adrenal insufficiency.	1.98	1	0	aromatic ketone	antimetabolite; diagnostic agent; EC 1.14.15.4 (steroid 11beta-monooxygenase) inhibitor
modafinil Modafinil: A benzhydryl acetamide compound, central nervous system stimulant, and CYP3A4 inducing agent that is used in the treatment of NARCOLEPSY and SLEEP WAKE DISORDERS.. modafinil : A racemate comprising equimolar amounts of armodafinil and (S)-modafinil. A central nervous system stimulant, it is used for the treatment of sleeping disorders such as narcolepsy, obstructive sleep apnoea, and shift-work sleep disorder. The optical enantiomers of modafinil have similar pharmacological actions in animals.. 2-[(diphenylmethyl)sulfinyl]acetamide : A sulfoxide that is dimethylsulfoxide in which two hydrogens attached to one of the methyl groups are replaced by phenyl groups, while one hydrogen attached to the other methyl group is replaced by a carbamoyl (aminocarbonyl) group.	2.05	1	0	monocarboxylic acid amide; sulfoxide
niclosamide Niclosamide: An antihelmintic that is active against most tapeworms. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p48). niclosamide : A secondary carboxamide resulting from the formal condensation of the carboxy group of 5-chlorosalicylic acid with the amino group of 2-chloro-4-nitroaniline. It is an oral anthelmintic drug approved for use against tapeworm infections.	3.31	1	0	benzamides; C-nitro compound; monochlorobenzenes; salicylanilides; secondary carboxamide	anthelminthic drug; anticoronaviral agent; antiparasitic agent; apoptosis inducer; molluscicide; piscicide; STAT3 inhibitor
nifedipine Nifedipine: A potent vasodilator agent with calcium antagonistic action. It is a useful anti-anginal agent that also lowers blood pressure.	2.04	1	0	C-nitro compound; dihydropyridine; methyl ester	calcium channel blocker; human metabolite; tocolytic agent; vasodilator agent
norfloxacin Norfloxacin: A synthetic fluoroquinolone (FLUOROQUINOLONES) with broad-spectrum antibacterial activity against most gram-negative and gram-positive bacteria. Norfloxacin inhibits bacterial DNA GYRASE.. norfloxacin : A quinolinemonocarboxylic acid with broad-spectrum antibacterial activity against most gram-negative and gram-positive bacteria. Norfloxacin is bactericidal and its mode of action depends on blocking of bacterial DNA replication by binding itself to an enzyme called DNA gyrase.	7.15	1	0	fluoroquinolone antibiotic; N-arylpiperazine; quinolinemonocarboxylic acid; quinolone antibiotic; quinolone	antibacterial drug; DNA synthesis inhibitor; environmental contaminant; xenobiotic
octopamine Octopamine: An alpha-adrenergic sympathomimetic amine, biosynthesized from tyramine in the CNS and platelets and also in invertebrate nervous systems. It is used to treat hypotension and as a cardiotonic. The natural D(-) form is more potent than the L(+) form in producing cardiovascular adrenergic responses. It is also a neurotransmitter in some invertebrates.. octopamine : A member of the class of phenylethanolamines that is phenol which is substituted at the para- position by a 2-amino-1-hydroxyethyl group. A biogenic phenylethanolamine which has been found to act as a neurotransmitter, neurohormone or neuromodulator in invertebrates.	2.03	1	0	phenylethanolamines; tyramines	neurotransmitter
oxibendazole oxibendazole: structure	2.05	1	0	benzimidazoles; carbamate ester
quinone benzoquinone : The simplest members of the class of benzoquinones, consisting of cyclohexadiene which is substituted by two oxo groups.. 1,4-benzoquinone : The simplest member of the class of 1,4-benzoquinones, obtained by the formal oxidation of hydroquinone to the corresponding diketone. It is a metabolite of benzene.. quinone : Compounds having a fully conjugated cyclic dione structure, such as that of benzoquinones, derived from aromatic compounds by conversion of an even number of -CH= groups into -C(=O)- groups with any necessary rearrangement of double bonds (polycyclic and heterocyclic analogues are included).	2	1	0	1,4-benzoquinones	cofactor; human xenobiotic metabolite; mouse metabolite
phenprobamate phenprobamate: structure	2.05	1	0	benzenes
phenylmethylsulfonyl fluoride Phenylmethylsulfonyl Fluoride: An enzyme inhibitor that inactivates IRC-50 arvin, subtilisin, and the fatty acid synthetase complex.. phenylmethanesulfonyl fluoride : An acyl fluoride with phenylmethanesulfonyl as the acyl group.	2.07	1	0	acyl fluoride	serine proteinase inhibitor
phloretin [no description available]	7.21	1	0	dihydrochalcones	antineoplastic agent; plant metabolite
o-phthalaldehyde o-Phthalaldehyde: A reagent that forms fluorescent conjugation products with primary amines. It is used for the detection of many biogenic amines, peptides, and proteins in nanogram quantities in body fluids.. phthalaldehyde : A dialdehyde in which two formyl groups are attached to adjacent carbon centres on a benzene ring.	2.08	1	0	benzaldehydes; dialdehyde	epitope
potassium chloride Potassium Chloride: A white crystal or crystalline powder used in BUFFERS; FERTILIZERS; and EXPLOSIVES. It can be used to replenish ELECTROLYTES and restore WATER-ELECTROLYTE BALANCE in treating HYPOKALEMIA.. potassium chloride : A metal chloride salt with a K(+) counterion.	2.05	1	0	inorganic chloride; inorganic potassium salt; potassium salt	fertilizer
prochlorperazine Prochlorperazine: A phenothiazine antipsychotic used principally in the treatment of NAUSEA; VOMITING; and VERTIGO. It is more likely than CHLORPROMAZINE to cause EXTRAPYRAMIDAL DISORDERS. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p612). prochlorperazine : A member of the class of phenothiazines that is 10H-phenothiazine having a chloro substituent at the 2-position and a 3-(4-methylpiperazin-1-yl)propyl group at the N-10 position.	3.31	1	0	N-alkylpiperazine; N-methylpiperazine; organochlorine compound; phenothiazines	alpha-adrenergic antagonist; antiemetic; cholinergic antagonist; dopamine receptor D2 antagonist; dopaminergic antagonist; EC 3.4.21.26 (prolyl oligopeptidase) inhibitor; first generation antipsychotic
propentofylline [no description available]	2.05	1	0	oxopurine
propoxur Propoxur: A carbamate insecticide.. propoxur : A carbamate ester that is phenyl methylcarbamate substituted at position 2 by a propan-2-yloxy group.	2.05	1	0	aromatic ether; carbamate ester	acaricide; agrochemical; carbamate insecticide; EC 3.1.1.7 (acetylcholinesterase) inhibitor
propranolol Propranolol: A widely used non-cardioselective beta-adrenergic antagonist. Propranolol has been used for MYOCARDIAL INFARCTION; ARRHYTHMIA; ANGINA PECTORIS; HYPERTENSION; HYPERTHYROIDISM; MIGRAINE; PHEOCHROMOCYTOMA; and ANXIETY but adverse effects instigate replacement by newer drugs.. propranolol : A propanolamine that is propan-2-ol substituted by a propan-2-ylamino group at position 1 and a naphthalen-1-yloxy group at position 3.	2.08	1	0	naphthalenes; propanolamine; secondary amine	anti-arrhythmia drug; antihypertensive agent; anxiolytic drug; beta-adrenergic antagonist; environmental contaminant; human blood serum metabolite; vasodilator agent; xenobiotic
salmeterol xinafoate salmeterol : A racemate consisting of equal parts of (R)- and (S)-salmeterol. It is a potent and selective beta2-adrenoceptor agonist (EC50 = 5.3 nM). Unlike other beta2 agonists, it binds to the exo-site domain of beta2 receptors, producing a slow onset of action and prolonged activation.. 2-(hydroxymethyl)-4-(1-hydroxy-2-{[6-(4-phenylbutoxy)hexyl]amino}ethyl)phenol : A phenol having a hydroxymethyl group at C-2 and a 1-hydroxy-2-{[6-(4-phenylbutoxy)hexyl]amino}ethyl group at C-4; derivative of phenylethanolamine.	3.31	1	0	ether; phenols; primary alcohol; secondary alcohol; secondary amino compound
sb 206553 SB 206553: a high-affinity 5-HT(2C/2B) antagonist; structure given in first source	2.05	1	0	pyrroloindole
streptonigrin [no description available]	2.05	1	0	pyridines; quinolone	antimicrobial agent; antineoplastic agent
suramin Suramin: A polyanionic compound with an unknown mechanism of action. It is used parenterally in the treatment of African trypanosomiasis and it has been used clinically with diethylcarbamazine to kill the adult Onchocerca. (From AMA Drug Evaluations Annual, 1992, p1643) It has also been shown to have potent antineoplastic properties.. suramin : A member of the class of phenylureas that is urea in which each of the amino groups has been substituted by a 3-({2-methyl-5-[(4,6,8-trisulfo-1-naphthyl)carbamoyl]phenyl}carbamoyl)phenyl group. An activator of both the rabbit skeletal muscle RyR1 and sheep cardiac RyR2 isoform ryanodine receptor channels, it has been used for the treatment of human African trypanosomiasis for over 100 years.	2.06	1	0	naphthalenesulfonic acid; phenylureas; secondary carboxamide	angiogenesis inhibitor; antinematodal drug; antineoplastic agent; apoptosis inhibitor; EC 2.7.11.13 (protein kinase C) inhibitor; GABA antagonist; GABA-gated chloride channel antagonist; purinergic receptor P2 antagonist; ryanodine receptor agonist; trypanocidal drug
temefos Temefos: An organothiophosphate insecticide.. temephos : An organic sulfide that is diphenyl sulfide in which the hydrogen at the para position of each of the phenyl groups has been replaced by a (dimethoxyphosphorothioyl)oxy group.	2.6	1	0	organic sulfide; organic thiophosphate; organothiophosphate insecticide	acaricide; agrochemical; EC 3.1.1.7 (acetylcholinesterase) inhibitor; ectoparasiticide
thalidomide Thalidomide: A piperidinyl isoindole originally introduced as a non-barbiturate hypnotic, but withdrawn from the market due to teratogenic effects. It has been reintroduced and used for a number of immunological and inflammatory disorders. Thalidomide displays immunosuppressive and anti-angiogenic activity. It inhibits release of TUMOR NECROSIS FACTOR-ALPHA from monocytes, and modulates other cytokine action.. thalidomide : A racemate comprising equimolar amounts of R- and S-thalidomide.. 2-(2,6-dioxopiperidin-3-yl)-1H-isoindole-1,3(2H)-dione : A dicarboximide that is isoindole-1,3(2H)-dione in which the hydrogen attached to the nitrogen is substituted by a 2,6-dioxopiperidin-3-yl group.	2.05	1	0	phthalimides; piperidones
tizanidine tizanidine: RN given refers to parent cpd; structure. tizanidine : 2,1,3-Benzothiadiazole substituted at C-4 by a Delta(1)-imidazolin-2-ylamino group and at C-4 by a chloro group. It is an agonist at alpha2-adrenergic receptor sites.	2.45	2	0	benzothiadiazole; imidazoles	alpha-adrenergic agonist; muscle relaxant
todralazine Todralazine: An antihypertensive agent with both central and peripheral action; it has some central nervous system depressant effects.	2.05	1	0	phthalazines
tolperisone Tolperisone: A centrally acting muscle relaxant that has been used for the symptomatic treatment of spasticity and muscle spasm. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p1211)	2.05	1	0	aromatic ketone
trazodone Trazodone: A serotonin uptake inhibitor that is used as an antidepressive agent. It has been shown to be effective in patients with major depressive disorders and other subsets of depressive disorders. It is generally more useful in depressive disorders associated with insomnia and anxiety. This drug does not aggravate psychotic symptoms in patients with schizophrenia or schizoaffective disorders. (From AMA Drug Evaluations Annual, 1994, p309). trazodone : An N-arylpiperazine in which one nitrogen is substituted by a 3-chlorophenyl group, while the other is substituted by a 3-(3-oxo[1,2,4]triazolo[4,3-a]pyridin-2(3H)-yl)propyl group.	2.05	1	0	monochlorobenzenes; N-alkylpiperazine; N-arylpiperazine; triazolopyridine	adrenergic antagonist; antidepressant; anxiolytic drug; H1-receptor antagonist; sedative; serotonin uptake inhibitor
triacetin Triacetin: A triglyceride that is used as an antifungal agent.. triacetin : A triglyceride obtained by acetylation of the three hydroxy groups of glycerol. It has fungistatic properties (based on release of acetic acid) and has been used in the topical treatment of minor dermatophyte infections.	7.05	1	0	triglyceride	adjuvant; antifungal drug; food additive carrier; food emulsifier; food humectant; fuel additive; plant metabolite; solvent
triclosan [no description available]	3.64	2	0	aromatic ether; dichlorobenzene; monochlorobenzenes; phenols	antibacterial agent; antimalarial; drug allergen; EC 1.3.1.9 [enoyl-[acyl-carrier-protein] reductase (NADH)] inhibitor; EC 1.5.1.3 (dihydrofolate reductase) inhibitor; fungicide; persistent organic pollutant; xenobiotic
delavirdine Delavirdine: A potent, non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor with activity specific for HIV-1.. delavirdine : The amide resulting from the formal condensation of 5-[(methylsulfonyl)amino]-1H-indole-2-carboxylic acid and 4-amino group of 1-[3-(isopropylamino)pyridin-2-yl]piperazine, delavirdine is a non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor with activity specific for HIV-1. Viral resistance emerges rapidly when delavirdine is used alone, so it is therefore used (as the methanesulfonic acid salt) with other antiretrovirals for combination therapy of HIV infection.	2.05	1	0	aminopyridine; indolecarboxamide; N-acylpiperazine; sulfonamide	antiviral drug; HIV-1 reverse transcriptase inhibitor
zonisamide Zonisamide: A benzisoxazole and sulfonamide derivative that acts as a CALCIUM CHANNEL blocker. It is used primarily as an adjunctive antiepileptic agent for the treatment of PARTIAL SEIZURES, with or without secondary generalization.. zonisamide : A 1,2-benzoxazole compound having a sulfamoylmethyl substituent at the 3-position.	2.05	1	0	1,2-benzoxazoles; sulfonamide	anticonvulsant; antioxidant; central nervous system drug; protective agent; T-type calcium channel blocker
zopiclone zopiclone: S(+)-enantiomer of racemic zopiclone; azabicyclo(4.3.0)nonane; a nonbenzodiazepine; one of the so-called of Z drugs (zopiclone, eszopiclone, zolpidem, and zaleplon) for which there is some correlation with tumors; was term of zopiclone 2004-2007. zopiclone : A pyrrolo[3,4-b]pyrazine compound having a 4-methylpiperazine-1-carboxyl group at the 5-position, a 5-chloropyridin-2-yl group at the 6-position and an oxo-substituent at the 7-position.	2.05	1	0	monochloropyridine; pyrrolopyrazine	central nervous system depressant; sedative
sorbitol D-glucitol : The D-enantiomer of glucitol (also known as D-sorbitol).	2.07	1	0	glucitol	cathartic; Escherichia coli metabolite; food humectant; human metabolite; laxative; metabolite; mouse metabolite; Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite; sweetening agent
piperonyl butoxide [no description available]	2.13	1	0	benzodioxoles	pesticide synergist
carbachol Carbachol: A slowly hydrolyzed CHOLINERGIC AGONIST that acts at both MUSCARINIC RECEPTORS and NICOTINIC RECEPTORS.	2.08	1	0	ammonium salt; carbamate ester	cardiotonic drug; miotic; muscarinic agonist; nicotinic acetylcholine receptor agonist; non-narcotic analgesic
pilocarpine Pilocarpine: A slowly hydrolyzed muscarinic agonist with no nicotinic effects. Pilocarpine is used as a miotic and in the treatment of glaucoma.. (+)-pilocarpine : The (+)-enantiomer of pilocarpine.	2.31	1	0	pilocarpine	antiglaucoma drug
pentylenetetrazole Pentylenetetrazole: A pharmaceutical agent that displays activity as a central nervous system and respiratory stimulant. It is considered a non-competitive GAMMA-AMINOBUTYRIC ACID antagonist. Pentylenetetrazole has been used experimentally to study seizure phenomenon and to identify pharmaceuticals that may control seizure susceptibility.. pentetrazol : An organic heterobicyclic compound that is 1H-tetrazole in which the hydrogens at positions 1 and 5 are replaced by a pentane-1,5-diyl group. A central and respiratory stimulant, it was formerly used for the treatment of cough and other respiratory tract disorders, cardiovascular disorders including hypotension, and pruritis.	7.31	1	0	organic heterobicyclic compound; organonitrogen heterocyclic compound
diethylnitrosamine Diethylnitrosamine: A nitrosamine derivative with alkylating, carcinogenic, and mutagenic properties.. N-nitrosodiethylamine : A nitrosamine that is N-ethylethanamine substituted by a nitroso group at the N-atom.	2.25	1	0	nitrosamine	carcinogenic agent; hepatotoxic agent; mutagen
(4-(m-chlorophenylcarbamoyloxy)-2-butynyl)trimethylammonium chloride (4-(m-Chlorophenylcarbamoyloxy)-2-butynyl)trimethylammonium Chloride: A drug that selectively activates certain subclasses of muscarinic receptors and also activates postganglionic nicotinic receptors. It is commonly used experimentally to distinguish muscarinic receptor subtypes.	2.05	1	0
allyl isothiocyanate allyl isothiocyanate: used in the manufacture of flavors, war gases; medical use as a counterirritant; structure. allyl isothiocyanate : An isothiocyanate with the formula CH2=CHCH2N=C=S. A colorless oil with boiling point 152degreeC, it is responsible for the pungent taste of mustard, horseradish, and wasabi.	2.25	1	0	alkenyl isothiocyanate; isothiocyanate	antimicrobial agent; antineoplastic agent; apoptosis inducer; lachrymator; metabolite
physostigmine Physostigmine: A cholinesterase inhibitor that is rapidly absorbed through membranes. It can be applied topically to the conjunctiva. It also can cross the blood-brain barrier and is used when central nervous system effects are desired, as in the treatment of severe anticholinergic toxicity.	2.05	1	0	carbamate ester; indole alkaloid	antidote to curare poisoning; EC 3.1.1.8 (cholinesterase) inhibitor; miotic
sucrose Saccharum: A plant genus of the family POACEAE widely cultivated in the tropics for the sweet cane that is processed into sugar.	4.71	6	1	glycosyl glycoside	algal metabolite; Escherichia coli metabolite; human metabolite; mouse metabolite; osmolyte; Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite; sweetening agent
bromodeoxyuridine Bromodeoxyuridine: A nucleoside that substitutes for thymidine in DNA and thus acts as an antimetabolite. It causes breaks in chromosomes and has been proposed as an antiviral and antineoplastic agent. It has been given orphan drug status for use in the treatment of primary brain tumors.	2	1	0	pyrimidine 2'-deoxyribonucleoside	antimetabolite; antineoplastic agent
edetic acid Edetic Acid: A chelating agent that sequesters a variety of polyvalent cations such as CALCIUM. It is used in pharmaceutical manufacturing and as a food additive.	2.05	1	0	ethylenediamine derivative; polyamino carboxylic acid; tetracarboxylic acid	anticoagulant; antidote; chelator; copper chelator; geroprotector
p-aminoazobenzene p-Aminoazobenzene: Used in the form of its salts as a dye and as an intermediate in manufacture of Acid Yellow, diazo dyes, and indulines.. 4-(phenylazo)aniline : Azobenzene substituted at one of the 4-positions by an amino group. It has a role as a dye and an allergen.	2.5	2	0
cysteamine Cysteamine: A mercaptoethylamine compound that is endogenously derived from the COENZYME A degradative pathway. The fact that cysteamine is readily transported into LYSOSOMES where it reacts with CYSTINE to form cysteine-cysteamine disulfide and CYSTEINE has led to its use in CYSTINE DEPLETING AGENTS for the treatment of CYSTINOSIS.. cysteamine : An amine that consists of an ethane skeleton substituted with a thiol group at C-1 and an amino group at C-2.	2.02	1	0	amine; thiol	geroprotector; human metabolite; mouse metabolite; radiation protective agent
phenylalanine Phenylalanine: An essential aromatic amino acid that is a precursor of MELANIN; DOPAMINE; noradrenalin (NOREPINEPHRINE), and THYROXINE.. L-phenylalanine : The L-enantiomer of phenylalanine.. phenylalanine : An aromatic amino acid that is alanine in which one of the methyl hydrogens is substituted by a phenyl group.	2.42	2	0	amino acid zwitterion; erythrose 4-phosphate/phosphoenolpyruvate family amino acid; L-alpha-amino acid; phenylalanine; proteinogenic amino acid	algal metabolite; EC 3.1.3.1 (alkaline phosphatase) inhibitor; Escherichia coli metabolite; human xenobiotic metabolite; micronutrient; mouse metabolite; nutraceutical; plant metabolite; Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite
n-hexanal [no description available]	3.31	6	0	medium-chain fatty aldehyde; n-alkanal; saturated fatty aldehyde	human urinary metabolite
2-naphthaldehyde 2-naphthaldehyde: structure. 2-naphthaldehyde : A naphthaldehyde that is naphthalene substituted by a formyl group at position 2.	2.08	1	0	naphthaldehyde	mouse metabolite
chloroform Chloroform: A commonly used laboratory solvent. It was previously used as an anesthetic, but was banned from use in the U.S. due to its suspected carcinogenicity.. chloroform : A one-carbon compound that is methane in which three of the hydrogens are replaced by chlorines.	2.05	1	0	chloromethanes; one-carbon compound	carcinogenic agent; central nervous system drug; inhalation anaesthetic; non-polar solvent; refrigerant
ampicillin Ampicillin: Semi-synthetic derivative of penicillin that functions as an orally active broad-spectrum antibiotic.. ampicillin : A penicillin in which the substituent at position 6 of the penam ring is a 2-amino-2-phenylacetamido group.	2.41	1	0	beta-lactam antibiotic; penicillin allergen; penicillin	antibacterial drug
asparagine Asparagine: A non-essential amino acid that is involved in the metabolic control of cell functions in nerve and brain tissue. It is biosynthesized from ASPARTIC ACID and AMMONIA by asparagine synthetase. (From Concise Encyclopedia Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, 3rd ed). asparagine : An alpha-amino acid in which one of the hydrogens attached to the alpha-carbon of glycine is substituted by a 2-amino-2-oxoethyl group.	2.41	1	0	amino acid zwitterion; asparagine; aspartate family amino acid; L-alpha-amino acid; proteinogenic amino acid	Escherichia coli metabolite; human metabolite; micronutrient; mouse metabolite; nutraceutical; plant metabolite; Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite
n-pentanol n-pentanol: RN given refers to parent cpd. pentan-1-ol : A short-chain primary fatty alcohol that is pentane in which a hydrogen of one of the methyl groups is substituted by a hydroxy group. It has been isolated from Melicope ptelefolia.	3.29	6	0	pentanol; short-chain primary fatty alcohol	human metabolite; plant metabolite
ethylene Plastipore: high density polyethylene sponge biocompatible material; used as posts in dental bridges	7.08	1	0	alkene; gas molecular entity	plant hormone; refrigerant
acetonitrile acetonitrile: RN given refers to unlabeled cpd. acetonitrile : A nitrile that is hydrogen cyanide in which the hydrogen has been replaced by a methyl group.	2.05	1	0	aliphatic nitrile; volatile organic compound	EC 3.5.1.4 (amidase) inhibitor; NMR chemical shift reference compound; polar aprotic solvent
tert-butyl alcohol tert-Butyl Alcohol: An isomer of butanol that contains a tertiary butyl group that consists of three methyl groups, each separately attached to a central (tertiary) carbon.. tert-butanol : A tertiary alcohol alcohol that is isobutane substituted by a hydroxy group at position 2.	2.05	1	0	tertiary alcohol	human xenobiotic metabolite
trichloroacetaldehyde trichloroacetaldehyde : An organochlorine compound that consists of acetaldehyde where all the methyl hydrogens are replaced by chloro groups.	2	1	0	aldehyde; organochlorine compound	mouse metabolite
linalool linalool: RN given refers to parent cpd without isomeric designation; structure. linalool : A monoterpenoid that is octa-1,6-diene substituted by methyl groups at positions 3 and 7 and a hydroxy group at position 3. It has been isolated from plants like Ocimum canum.	4.88	33	0	monoterpenoid; tertiary alcohol	antimicrobial agent; fragrance; plant metabolite; volatile oil component
acrylamide [no description available]	7.41	1	0	acrylamides; N-acylammonia; primary carboxamide	alkylating agent; carcinogenic agent; Maillard reaction product; mutagen; neurotoxin
acrylic acid acrylic acid: RN given refers to parent cpd. acrylic acid : A alpha,beta-unsaturated monocarboxylic acid that is ethene substituted by a carboxy group.	2.05	1	0	alpha,beta-unsaturated monocarboxylic acid	metabolite
peracetic acid Peracetic Acid: A liquid that functions as a strong oxidizing agent. It has an acrid odor and is used as a disinfectant.. peracetic acid : A peroxy acid that is acetic acid in which the OH group is substituted by a hydroperoxy group. It is a versatile oxidising agent that is used as a disinfectant.	2.06	1	0	a peroxy acid	disinfectant; oxidising agent
camphene camphene : A monoterpene with a bicyclic skeleton that is bicyclo[2.2.1]heptane substituted by geminal methyl groups at position 2 and a methylidene group at position 3. It is a widespread natural product found in many essential oils.	2.08	1	0	carbobicyclic compound; monoterpene	fragrance; plant metabolite
alpha-pinene [no description available]	3.01	2	0	pinene	plant metabolite
rhodamine b rhodamine B: RN & N1 from 9th CI Form Index; RN given refers to parent cpd; structure in Merck Index, 9th ed, #7973; TETRAETHYLRHODAMINE was see RHODAMINES 1975-93; use RHODAMINES to search TETRAETHYLRHODAMINE 1975-93. rhodamine B : An organic chloride salt having N-[9-(2-carboxyphenyl)-6-(diethylamino)-3H-xanthen-3-ylidene]-N-ethylethanaminium as the counterion. An amphoteric dye commonly used as a fluorochrome.	3.35	1	0	organic chloride salt; xanthene dye	fluorescent probe; fluorochrome; histological dye
diethyl phthalate diethyl phthalate: structure. diethyl phthalate : The diethyl ester of benzene-1,2-dicarboxylic acid.	1.98	1	0	diester; ethyl ester; phthalate ester	neurotoxin; plasticiser; teratogenic agent
pyocyanine Pyocyanine: Antibiotic pigment produced by Pseudomonas aeruginosa.. pyocyanine : An iminium betaine that is 5-methylphenazin-5-ium which is substituted at position 1 by an oxidanidyl group. An antibiotic pigment produced by Pseudomonas aeruginosa.	2.08	1	0	iminium betaine; phenazines	antibacterial agent; bacterial metabolite; biological pigment; virulence factor
thymol Thymol: A phenol obtained from thyme oil or other volatile oils used as a stabilizer in pharmaceutical preparations, and as an antiseptic (antibacterial or antifungal) agent.. thymol : A phenol that is a natural monoterpene derivative of cymene.	3.82	10	0	monoterpenoid; phenols	volatile oil component
salicylaldehyde o-hydroxybenzaldehyde: structure in first source	2.47	2	0	hydroxybenzaldehyde	nematicide; plant metabolite
xanthenes Xanthenes: Compounds with three aromatic rings in linear arrangement with an OXYGEN in the center ring.	2.06	1	0	xanthene
2,4-dihydroxybenzaldehyde 2,4-dihydroxybenzaldehyde : A dihydroxybenzaldehyde that is resorcinol which has been substituted by a formyl group para to one of the hydroxy groups.	2.05	1	0	dihydroxybenzaldehyde
furaldehyde Furaldehyde: A heterocyclic compound consisting of a furan where the hydrogen at position 2 is substituted by a formyl group.. furfural : An aldehyde that is furan with the hydrogen at position 2 substituted by a formyl group.	2.08	1	0	aldehyde; furans	Maillard reaction product; metabolite
methylphenyl carbinol 1-phenylethanol : An aromatic alcohol that is ethanol substituted by a phenyl group at position 1.. methylbenzyl alcohol : Members of the class of benzyl alcohols substituted by at least one methyl group.	1.99	1	0	aromatic alcohol	mouse metabolite
acetophenone acetophenone : A methyl ketone that is acetone in which one of the methyl groups has been replaced by a phenyl group.	2.25	1	0	acetophenones	animal metabolite; photosensitizing agent; xenobiotic
3,5-dinitrobenzoic acid 3,5-dinitrobenzoic acid : A member of the class of benzoic acids that is benzoic acid in which the hydrogens at positions 3 and 5 are replaced by nitro groups.	6.93	1	0	benzoic acids; C-nitro compound
carveol carveol: structure given in first source; prolongs tumor latency and decreases tumor yield. carveol : A limonene monoterpenoid that is cyclohex-2-en-1-ol substituted by a methyl group at position 2 and a prop-1-en-2-yl group at position 5.	2.15	1	0	limonene monoterpenoid	plant metabolite; volatile oil component
carvone carvone: an oxidized derivative of limonene; RN given refers to cpd without isomeric designation; L-carvone has spearmint flavor, D-carvone has dill/caraway flavor. carvone : A p-menthane monoterpenoid that consists of cyclohex-2-enone having methyl and isopropenyl substituents at positions 2 and 5, respectively.	6.3	13	1	botanical anti-fungal agent; carvones	allergen
gamma-terpinene gamma-terpinene: RN given refers to gamma-terpinene; structure. gamma-terpinene : One of three isomeric monoterpenes differing in the positions of their two double bonds (alpha- and beta-terpinene being the others). In gamma-terpinene the double bonds are at the 1- and 4-positions of the p-menthane skeleton.	2.79	3	0	cyclohexadiene; monoterpene	antioxidant; human xenobiotic metabolite; plant metabolite; volatile oil component
alpha-terpinene [no description available]	2.06	1	0	cyclohexadiene; monoterpene	plant metabolite; volatile oil component
4-cymene 4-cymene: structure. p-cymene : A monoterpene that is toluene substituted by an isopropyl group at position 4.	3.18	5	0	monoterpene; toluenes	human urinary metabolite; plant metabolite; volatile oil component
4-(dimethylamino)benzaldehyde p-dimethylaminobenzaldehyde: structure in first source. 4-(dimethylamino)benzaldehyde : A member of the class of benzaldehydes that is benzaldehyde carrying a dimethylamino substituent at position 4. Used as an indicator for detection of indoles and hydrazine.	2.21	1	0	benzaldehydes; substituted aniline; tertiary amino compound	chromogenic compound
triclocarban triclocarban: bacteriostat; antiseptic in soaps & other cleansing solns; germicide; structure. triclocarban : A member of the class of phenylureas that is urea substituted by a 4-chlorophenyl group and a 3,4-dichlorophenyl group at positions 1 and 3 respectively.	2.05	1	0	dichlorobenzene; monochlorobenzenes; phenylureas	antimicrobial agent; antiseptic drug; disinfectant; environmental contaminant; xenobiotic
ethyl butyrate ethyl butyrate : A butyrate ester resulting from the formal condensation of the hydroxy group of ethanol with the carboxy group of butyric acid.	3.4	1	1	butyrate ester	plant metabolite
citronellal citronellal: aldehyde of citronellol; found in citronella oil. citronellal : A monoterpenoid, the main component of citronella oil which gives it its distinctive lemon aroma.	4.32	19	0	aldehyde; monoterpenoid	antifungal agent; metabolite
4-phenylenediamine 4-phenylenediamine: agent hair dye responsible for contact dermatitis; RN given refers to parent cpd. 1,4-phenylenediamine : A phenylenediamine in which the amino functions are at positions 1 and 4 of the benzene nucleus.	2.1	1	0	phenylenediamine	allergen; dye; hapten; reagent
methyl caproate methyl hexanoate : A fatty acid methyl ester derived from hexanoic (caproic acid).	2.04	1	0	fatty acid methyl ester; hexanoate ester	flavouring agent; plant metabolite
acrolein [no description available]	6.13	28	0	enal	herbicide; human xenobiotic metabolite; toxin
acrylonitrile [no description available]	2	1	0	aliphatic nitrile; volatile organic compound	antifungal agent; carcinogenic agent; fungal metabolite; mutagen; polar aprotic solvent
hydroxycitronellal hydroxycitronellal : The tertiary alcohol arising from addition of water across the C=C double bond of citronellal.	2.93	4	0	tertiary alcohol	allergen; fragrance
cyclohexanol Cyclohexanols: Monohydroxy derivatives of cyclohexanes that contain the general formula R-C6H11O. They have a camphorlike odor and are used in making soaps, insecticides, germicides, dry cleaning, and plasticizers.. cyclohexanols : An alcohol in which one or more hydroxy groups are attached to a cyclohexane skeleton.	3.93	12	0	cyclohexanols; secondary alcohol	solvent
pyrroles 1H-pyrrole : A tautomer of pyrrole that has the double bonds at positions 2 and 4.. pyrrole : A five-membered monocyclic heteroarene comprising one NH and four CH units which forms the parent compound of the pyrrole group of compounds. Its five-membered ring structure has three tautomers. A 'closed class'.. azole : Any monocyclic heteroarene consisting of a five-membered ring containing nitrogen. Azoles can also contain one or more other non-carbon atoms, such as nitrogen, sulfur or oxygen.	2.11	1	0	pyrrole; secondary amine
thiophenes Thiophenes: A monocyclic heteroarene furan in which the oxygen atom is replaced by a sulfur.. thiophenes : Compounds containing at least one thiophene ring.	7.15	1	0	mancude organic heteromonocyclic parent; monocyclic heteroarene; thiophenes; volatile organic compound	non-polar solvent
isopropyl myristate isopropyl myristate: used for microemulsions; structure	2.41	2	0	fatty acid ester
2-heptanone heptan-2-one : A dialkyl ketone with methyl and pentyl as the alkyl groups.	2.05	1	0	dialkyl ketone; methyl ketone	mouse metabolite; pheromone
1-hexanol 1-hexanol: RN given refers to parent cpd. hexanol : A fatty alcohol consisting of a hydroxy function at any position of an unbranched saturated chain of six carbon atoms.. hexan-1-ol : A primary alcohol that is hexane substituted by a hydroxy group at position 1.	1.99	1	0	hexanol; primary alcohol	alarm pheromone; antibacterial agent; fragrance; plant metabolite
heptanol Heptanol: A colorless liquid with a fragrant odor. It is used as an intermediate, solvent and in cosmetics.. heptanol : A fatty alcohol consisting of a hydroxy function at any position of an unbranched saturated chain of seven carbon atoms.. heptan-1-ol : A primary alcohol that is heptane substituted by a hydroxy group at position 1. It has been isolated from Capillipedium parviflorum.	2.21	1	0	heptanol; primary alcohol	flavouring agent; fragrance; gap junctional intercellular communication inhibitor; plant metabolite
heptanal heptanal : An n-alkanal resulting from the oxidation of the alcoholic hydroxy group of heptan-1-ol to the corresponding aldehyde. An endogenous aldehyde coming from membrane lipid oxidation, it is found in the blood of lung cancer patients and has been regarded as a potential biomarker of lung cancer.	2.05	1	0	medium-chain fatty aldehyde; n-alkanal; saturated fatty aldehyde	biomarker
pelargonic acid pelargonic acid: K salt acts as cariostatic agent; RN given refers to parent cpd; structure. nonanoic acid : A C9 straight-chain saturated fatty acid which occurs naturally as esters of the oil of pelargonium. Has antifungal properties, and is also used as a herbicide as well as in the preparation of plasticisers and lacquers.	1.98	1	0	medium-chain fatty acid; straight-chain saturated fatty acid	algal metabolite; antifeedant; Daphnia magna metabolite; plant metabolite
n-decyl alcohol n-decyl alcohol: RN given refers to parent cpd. decanol : A fatty alcohol consisting of a hydroxy function at any position of an unbranched saturated chain of ten carbon atoms.. decan-1-ol : A fatty alcohol consisting of a hydroxy function at C-1 of an unbranched saturated chain of ten carbon atoms.	2.15	1	0	decanol; primary alcohol	metabolite; pheromone; protic solvent
decanaldehyde decanal : A saturated fatty aldehyde formally arising from reduction of the carboxy group of capric acid (decanoic acid).	2.49	2	0	medium-chain fatty aldehyde; n-alkanal; saturated fatty aldehyde	antifungal agent; fragrance; plant metabolite
neostigmine bromide neostigmine bromide : The bromide salt of neostigmine.	2.05	1	0	bromide salt
triphenyl phosphate triphenyl phosphate: structure. triphenyl phosphate : An aryl phosphate resulting from the formal condensation of phosphoric acid with 3 mol eq. of phenol.	2.13	1	0	aryl phosphate	flame retardant; plasticiser
linalyl acetate linalyl acetate: structure in first source; RN refers to cpd without isomeric designation. linalyl acetate : A racemate comprising equimolar amounts of (R)- and (S)-linalyl acetate. It forms a principal component of the essential oils from bergamot and lavender.. 3,7-dimethylocta-1,6-dien-3-yl acetate : A monoterpenoid that is the acetate ester of linalool. It forms a principal component of the essential oils from bergamot and lavender.	2.06	1	0	acetate ester; monoterpenoid
diethylhexyl phthalate Diethylhexyl Phthalate: An ester of phthalic acid. It appears as a light-colored, odorless liquid and is used as a plasticizer for many resins and elastomers.. bis(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate : A phthalate ester that is the bis(2-ethylhexyl) ester of benzene-1,2-dicarboxylic acid.	3.35	1	0	diester; phthalate ester	androstane receptor agonist; apoptosis inhibitor; plasticiser
benzyl salicylate benzyl salicylate: structure given in Merck	2.06	1	0	benzoate ester; phenols
veratraldehyde [no description available]	2.08	1	0	benzaldehydes; dimethoxybenzene	antifungal agent
piperonal piperonal: has been used as a pediculicide; structure. piperonal : An arenecarbaldehyde that is 1,3-benzodioxole substituted by a formyl substituent at position 5. It has been isolated from Piper nigrum.	2.08	1	0	arenecarbaldehyde; benzodioxoles	fragrance; insect repellent; plant metabolite
2-Methoxybenzaldehyde [no description available]	2.08	1	0	carbonyl compound
protocatechualdehyde protocatechualdehyde: found in wheat grains, wheat seedlings, & other plants; RN given refers to parent cpd; see also rancinamycins; structure	2.08	1	0	dihydroxybenzaldehyde
benzyl acetate benzyl acetate : The acetate ester of benzyl alcohol.	2.25	1	0	acetate ester; benzyl ester	metabolite
estragole estragole : A phenylpropanoid that is chavicol in which the hydroxy group is replaced by a methoxy group.	2.54	2	0	alkenylbenzene; monomethoxybenzene; phenylpropanoid	carcinogenic agent; flavouring agent; genotoxin; insect attractant; plant metabolite
citronellol citronellol: alcohol form of citronellal; found in rose oil; RN given refers to parent cpd without isomeric designation; structure. citronellol : A monoterpenoid that is oct-6-ene substituted by a hydroxy group at position 1 and methyl groups at positions 3 and 7.. insect repellent : An insecticide that acts as a repellent to insects.	9.34	19	0	monoterpenoid	plant metabolite
hexanoic acid hexanoic acid : A C6, straight-chain saturated fatty acid.	2.05	1	0	medium-chain fatty acid; straight-chain saturated fatty acid	human metabolite; plant metabolite
citronellyl acetate citronellyl acetate: RN given refers to cpd without isomeric designation. citronellol acetate : A monoterpenoid that is the acetate ester of citronellol. It has been isolated from Citrus hystrix.	2.06	1	0	acetate ester; monoterpenoid	plant metabolite
catechin Catechin: An antioxidant flavonoid, occurring especially in woody plants as both (+)-catechin and (-)-epicatechin (cis) forms.. catechin : Members of the class of hydroxyflavan that have a flavan-3-ol skeleton and its substituted derivatives.. rac-catechin : A racemate comprising equimolar amounts of (+)- and (-)-catechin. (+)-catechin : The (+)-enantiomer of catechin and a polyphenolic antioxidant plant metabolite.	3.89	3	0	catechin	antioxidant; plant metabolite
thiazoles [no description available]	2.08	1	0	1,3-thiazoles; mancude organic heteromonocyclic parent; monocyclic heteroarene
nicarbazin Nicarbazin: An equimolar complex of 4,4'-Dinitrocarbanilide and 2-Hydroxy-4,6-dimethylpyrimidine. A coccidiostat for poultry.	2.05	1	0	organic molecular entity
lithocholic acid Lithocholic Acid: A bile acid formed from chenodeoxycholate by bacterial action, usually conjugated with glycine or taurine. It acts as a detergent to solubilize fats for absorption and is itself absorbed. It is used as cholagogue and choleretic.. lithocholic acid : A monohydroxy-5beta-cholanic acid with a alpha-hydroxy substituent at position 3. It is a bile acid obtained from chenodeoxycholic acid by bacterial action.. lithocholate : A bile acid anion that is the conjugate base of lithocholic acid.	2.03	1	0	bile acid; C24-steroid; monohydroxy-5beta-cholanic acid	geroprotector; human metabolite; mouse metabolite
limestone Calcium Carbonate: Carbonic acid calcium salt (CaCO3). An odorless, tasteless powder or crystal that occurs in nature. It is used therapeutically as a phosphate buffer in hemodialysis patients and as a calcium supplement.. calcium carbonate : A calcium salt with formula CCaO3.	3.35	1	0	calcium salt; carbonate salt; inorganic calcium salt; one-carbon compound	antacid; fertilizer; food colouring; food firming agent
thymoquinone thymoquinone: constituent of cedarwood; can cause dermatitis; structure. thymoquinone : A member of the class of 1,4-benzoquinones that is 1,4-bezoquinone in which the hydrogens at positions 2 and 5 are replaced by methyl and isopropyl groups, respectively. It is a natural compound isolated from Nigella sativa which has demonstrated promising chemotherapeutic activity.	2.1	1	0	1,4-benzoquinones	adjuvant; anti-inflammatory agent; antidepressant; antineoplastic agent; antioxidant; cardioprotective agent; plant metabolite
carvacrol carvacrol : A phenol that is a natural monoterpene derivative of cymene. An inhibitor of bacterial growth, it is used as a food additive. Potent activator of the human ion channels transient receptor potential V3 (TRPV3) and A1 (TRPA1).	4.81	29	0	botanical anti-fungal agent; p-menthane monoterpenoid; phenols	agrochemical; antimicrobial agent; flavouring agent; TRPA1 channel agonist; volatile oil component
ascaridole ascaridole: monoterpene endoperoxide with anthelmintic properties; structure given in first source. ascaridole : A p-menthane monoterpenoid that is p-menth-2-ene with a peroxy group across position 1 to 4.	2.06	1	0	organic heterobicyclic compound; organic peroxide; p-menthane monoterpenoid	antileishmanial agent; antinematodal drug; plant metabolite
myrtenol myrtenol: fragrance ingredient; structure in first source	2.17	1	0
elemene elemene: a sclerosing and antineoplastic agent isolated from Curcuma wenyujin & Rhizoma zedoariae; beta- and delta- elemene are also available	2.11	1	0
gluconic acid gluconic acid: zinc gluconate has anti-inflammatory activity; RN given refers to (D)-isomer; all RRs refers to (D)-isomer unless otherwise noted. ketogluconic acid : A gluconic acid that contains a ketonic carbonyl group.. D-gluconic acid : A gluconic acid having D-configuration.	2.44	2	0	gluconic acid	chelator; Penicillium metabolite
copper gluconate Gluconates: Derivatives of gluconic acid (the structural formula HOCH2(CHOH)4COOH), including its salts and esters.	2.44	2	0	organic molecular entity
diperodon diperodon: RN given refers to parent cpd; structure given in first source	2.05	1	0	carbamate ester
malondialdehyde Malondialdehyde: The dialdehyde of malonic acid.. malonaldehyde : A dialdehyde that is propane substituted by two oxo groups at the terminal carbon atoms respectively. A biomarker of oxidative damage to lipids caused by smoking, it exists in vivo mainly in the enol form.	3.4	6	0	dialdehyde	biomarker
trimellitic anhydride trimellitic anhydride: structure. trimellitic anhydride : A 2-benzofuran compound having oxo groups at the 1- and 3-positions and a carboxy substituent at the 5-position; the cyclic anhydride formed from the carboxy groups at the 1- and 2-positions of trimellitic acid.	2	1	0	2-benzofurans; cyclic dicarboxylic anhydride; dioxo monocarboxylic acid	allergen; epitope; hapten
2-nitrobenzaldehyde 2-nitrobenzaldehyde: structure given in first source. 2-nitrobenzaldehyde : Benzaldehyde substituted at the ortho-position with a nitro group.	2.08	1	0	benzaldehydes; C-nitro compound
beta-phellandrene [no description available]	2.11	1	0	phellandrene	plant metabolite
4-methyl-1-(1-methylethyl)-3-cyclohexen-1-ol 4-methyl-1-(1-methylethyl)-3-cyclohexen-1-ol: structure in first source. 4-terpineol : A terpineol that is 1-menthene carrying a hydroxy substituent at position 4.	2.82	2	0	terpineol; tertiary alcohol	anti-inflammatory agent; antibacterial agent; antineoplastic agent; antioxidant; antiparasitic agent; apoptosis inducer; plant metabolite; volatile oil component
1-phenyl-1,2-propanedione 1-phenyl-1,2-propanedione: an oxoglutarate carrier antagonist. 1-phenyl-1,2-propanedione : An alpha-diketone that consists of 1-phenylpropane bearing keto substituents at positions 1 and 2. It is found in coffee.	2.02	1	0	alpha-diketone; aromatic ketone	plant metabolite
4-acetylbenzoic acid 4-acetylbenzoic acid: structure in first source	2.04	1	0
alpha-naphthoflavone alpha-naphthoflavone: inhibits P4501A1 and P4501A2; stimulates some activities of P4503A4. alpha-naphthoflavone : An extended flavonoid resulting from the formal fusion of a benzene ring with the h side of flavone. A synthetic compound, it is an inhibitor of aromatase (EC 1.14.14.14).	1.99	1	0	extended flavonoid; naphtho-gamma-pyrone; organic heterotricyclic compound	aryl hydrocarbon receptor agonist; aryl hydrocarbon receptor antagonist; EC 1.14.14.14 (aromatase) inhibitor
2-hexanol hexan-2-ol : A hexanol in which the hydroxy group is at position 2.	1.99	1	0	hexanol; secondary alcohol	human metabolite; plant metabolite; semiochemical
tridecane tridecane : A straight chain alkane containing 13 carbon atoms. It forms a component of the essential oils isolated from plants such as Abelmoschus esculentus.	2.15	1	0	long-chain alkane	plant metabolite; volatile oil component
heptadecane heptadecane : A straight-chain alkane with 17 carbon atoms. It is a component of essential oils from plants like Opuntia littoralis and Annona squamosa.	2.15	1	0	long-chain alkane	plant metabolite; volatile oil component
calcium citrate Calcium Citrate: A colorless crystalline or white powdery organic, tricarboxylic acid occurring in plants, especially citrus fruits, and used as a flavoring agent, as an antioxidant in foods, and as a sequestrating agent. (McGraw-Hill Dictionary of Scientific and Technical Terms, 4th ed). calcium citrate : An organic calcium salt composed of calcium cations and citrate anions in a 3:2 ratio.	7.6	1	0	organic calcium salt	flavouring agent; food additive; food preservative; nutraceutical
ethambutol Ethambutol: An antitubercular agent that inhibits the transfer of mycolic acids into the cell wall of the tubercle bacillus. It may also inhibit the synthesis of spermidine in mycobacteria. The action is usually bactericidal, and the drug can penetrate human cell membranes to exert its lethal effect. (From Smith and Reynard, Textbook of Pharmacology, 1992, p863). ethambutol : An ethylenediamine derivative that is ethane-1,2-diamine in which one hydrogen attached to each of the nitrogens is sutstituted by a 1-hydroxybutan-2-yl group (S,S-configuration). It is a bacteriostatic antimycobacterial drug, effective against Mycobacterium tuberculosis and some other mycobacteria. It is used (as the dihydrochloride salt) in combination with other antituberculous drugs in the treatment of pulmonary and extrapulmonary tuberculosis; resistant strains of M. tuberculosis are readily produced if ethambutol is used alone.	2.07	1	0	ethanolamines; ethylenediamine derivative	antitubercular agent; environmental contaminant; xenobiotic
zinc oxide Zinc Oxide: A mild astringent and topical protectant with some antiseptic action. It is also used in bandages, pastes, ointments, dental cements, and as a sunblock.	2.41	1	0	zinc molecular entity
beta-pinene beta-pinene: alpha-pinene is also available. beta-pinene : An isomer of pinene with an exocyclic double bond. It is a component of essential oils from many plants.	8.35	6	0	pinene	plant metabolite
glycyrrhizic acid glycyrrhizinic acid : A triterpenoid saponin that is the glucosiduronide derivative of 3beta-hydroxy-11-oxoolean-12-en-30-oic acid.	2.1	1	0	enone; glucosiduronic acid; pentacyclic triterpenoid; tricarboxylic acid; triterpenoid saponin	EC 3.4.21.5 (thrombin) inhibitor; plant metabolite
d-alpha tocopherol Vitamin E: A generic descriptor for all TOCOPHEROLS and TOCOTRIENOLS that exhibit ALPHA-TOCOPHEROL activity. By virtue of the phenolic hydrogen on the 2H-1-benzopyran-6-ol nucleus, these compounds exhibit varying degree of antioxidant activity, depending on the site and number of methyl groups and the type of ISOPRENOIDS.. tocopherol : A collective name for a group of closely related lipids that contain a chroman-6-ol nucleus substituted at position 2 by a methyl group and by a saturated hydrocarbon chain consisting of three isoprenoid units. They are designated as alpha-, beta-, gamma-, and delta-tocopherol depending on the number and position of additional methyl substituents on the aromatic ring. Tocopherols occur in vegetable oils and vegetable oil products, almost exclusively with R,R,R configuration. Tocotrienols differ from tocopherols only in having three double bonds in the hydrocarbon chain.. vitamin E : Any member of a group of fat-soluble chromanols that exhibit biological activity against vitamin E deficiency. The vitamers in this class consists of a chroman-6-ol core which is substituted at position 2 by a methyl group and (also at position 2) either a saturated or a triply-unsaturated hydrocarbon chain consisting of three isoprenoid units. The major function of vitamin E is to act as a natural antioxidant by scavenging free radicals and molecular oxygen.. (R,R,R)-alpha-tocopherol : An alpha-tocopherol that has R,R,R configuration. The naturally occurring stereoisomer of alpha-tocopherol, it is found particularly in sunflower and olive oils.	1.96	1	0	alpha-tocopherol	algal metabolite; antiatherogenic agent; anticoagulant; antioxidant; antiviral agent; EC 2.7.11.13 (protein kinase C) inhibitor; immunomodulator; micronutrient; nutraceutical; plant metabolite
metaxalone [no description available]	2.05	1	0	aromatic ether
2-tert-butylhydroquinone 2-tert-butylhydroquinone: an anticarcinogenic and chemopreventive agent. 2-tert-butylhydroquinone : A member of the class of hydroquinones in which one of the ring hydrogens of hydroquinone is replaced by a tert-butyl group.	2.04	1	0	hydroquinones	food antioxidant
aminocarb aminocarb: structure. aminocarb : A carbamate ester that is phenyl methylcarbamate substituted by a dimethylamino group at position 4 and a methyl group at position 3.	2.05	1	0	carbamate ester; toluenes	acaricide; agrochemical; carbamate insecticide; EC 3.1.1.7 (acetylcholinesterase) inhibitor; molluscicide
methiocarb Methiocarb: Insecticide, molluscacide, acaricide.. methiocarb : A carbamate ester obtained by the formal condensation of the phenolic group of 3,5-dimethyl-4-(methylsulfanyl)phenol with the carboxy group of methylcarbamic acid.	2.05	1	0	aryl sulfide; carbamate ester; methyl sulfide	acaricide; agrochemical; avicide; EC 3.1.1.7 (acetylcholinesterase) inhibitor; environmental contaminant; insecticide; molluscicide; xenobiotic
perillaldehyde perillaldehyde: from oil of Perillae herba; has neuropharmacological actions; RN given refers to cpd without isomeric designation; structure in Merck Index, 9th ed, #6956. perillyl aldehyde : An aldehyde that is cyclohex-1-ene-1-carbaldehyde substituted by a prop-1-en-2-yl group at position 4.	3.43	7	0	aldehyde; olefinic compound	human metabolite; mouse metabolite; volatile oil component
diallyl disulfide diallyl disulfide: major constituent of garlic oil. diallyl disulfide : An organic disulfide where the organic group specified is allyl. It has been isolated from garlic and other species of the genus Allium.	2.31	1	0	organic disulfide	antifungal agent; antineoplastic agent; plant metabolite
carvone, (s)-isomer (+)-carvone : A carvone having (S) configuration.	2.06	1	0	carvone
didecyldimethylammonium didecyldimethylammonium: RN given refers to parent cpd; deciquam 222 refers to bromide	2.52	2	0	quaternary ammonium salt
alpha-terpineol terpineol : A family of monoterpenols that have a p-menthane skeleton containing one double bond and bearing a single hydroxy substituent.	7.42	2	0	terpineol	plant metabolite
c.i. solvent yellow 56 C.I. Solvent Yellow 56: not a carcinogen. Solvent yellow 56 : An azobenzene that is N,N-diethylaniline substituted at position 4 by a phenylazo group.	2.5	2	0	azobenzenes; substituted aniline; tertiary amino compound	dye; mutagen
promecarb promecarb: structure	2.05	1	0	alkylbenzene
1,2-benzisothiazoline-3-one 1,2-benzisothiazoline-3-one: a preservative in water-based solutions such as paints, cutting fluids, printing inks, cleaning agents, polyvinyl chloride gloves, etc.. benzo[d]isothiazol-3-one : An organic heterobicyclic compound based on a fused 1,2-thiazole and benzene bicyclic ring skeleton, with the S atom positioned adjacent to one of the positions of ring fusion.	2.08	1	0	organic heterobicyclic compound; organonitrogen heterocyclic compound	disinfectant; drug allergen; environmental contaminant; platelet aggregation inhibitor; sensitiser; xenobiotic
sabinene sabinene: RN given refers to cpd without isomeric designation. sabinene : A thujene that is a bicyclic monoterpene isolated from the essential oils of various plant species.	2.17	1	0	thujene	plant metabolite
streptomycin [no description available]	2.55	2	0	antibiotic antifungal drug; antibiotic fungicide; streptomycins	antibacterial drug; antifungal agrochemical; antimicrobial agent; antimicrobial drug; bacterial metabolite; protein synthesis inhibitor
2-octanol 2-octanol: RN given refers to cpd without isomeric designation. octan-2-ol : An octanol carrying the hydroxy group at position 2.	2.21	1	0	octanol; secondary alcohol	plant metabolite; volatile oil component
cocamidopropyl betaine cocamidopropyl betaine: structure given in first source; Genagen CAB, Tego Betain, Rewoteric AMB 14 usually contain 30% cocamidopropyl betaine (CAPB). cocamidopropyl betaine : A mixture of carboxamidopropyl betaines derived from fatty acids of varying chain lengths. The principal component is lauramidopropyl betaine.. lauramidopropyl betaine : An ammonium betaine in which the the ammonium nitrogen is substituted by two methyl groups and a lauramidopropyl group. It is the major (>50%) component of cocamidopropyl betaine.	2.06	1	0	ammonium betaine	surfactant
limonene Limonene: A naturally-occurring class of MONOTERPENES which occur as a clear colorless liquid at room temperature. Limonene is the major component in the oil of oranges which has many uses, including as flavor and fragrance. It is recognized as safe in food by the Food and Drug Administration (FDA).. limonene : A monoterpene that is cyclohex-1-ene substituted by a methyl group at position 1 and a prop-1-en-2-yl group at position 4 respectively.	4.94	35	0	cycloalkene; p-menthadiene	human metabolite
manganese Manganese: A trace element with atomic symbol Mn, atomic number 25, and atomic weight 54.94. It is concentrated in cell mitochondria, mostly in the pituitary gland, liver, pancreas, kidney, and bone, influences the synthesis of mucopolysaccharides, stimulates hepatic synthesis of cholesterol and fatty acids, and is a cofactor in many enzymes, including arginase and alkaline phosphatase in the liver. (From AMA Drug Evaluations Annual 1992, p2035). manganese(4+) : A manganese cation that is monoatomic and has a formal charge of +4.	3.35	1	0	elemental manganese; manganese group element atom	Escherichia coli metabolite; micronutrient
titanium Titanium: A dark-gray, metallic element of widespread distribution but occurring in small amounts with atomic number, 22, atomic weight, 47.867 and symbol, Ti; specific gravity, 4.5; used for fixation of fractures.	7.31	1	0	titanium group element atom
cadmium Cadmium: An element with atomic symbol Cd, atomic number 48, and atomic weight 112.41. It is a metal and ingestion will lead to CADMIUM POISONING.. elemental cadmium : An element in the zinc group of the periodic table with atomic number 48, atomic mass 112, M.P. 321degreeC, and B.P. 765degreeC). An odourless, tasteless, and highly poisonous soft, ductile, lustrous metal with electropositive properties. It has eight stable isotopes: (106)Cd, (108)Cd,(110)Cd, (111)Cd, (112)Cd, (113)Cd, (114)Cd and (116)Cd, with (112)Cd and (114)Cd being the most common.	3.35	1	0	cadmium molecular entity; zinc group element atom
chromium Chromium: A trace element that plays a role in glucose metabolism. It has the atomic symbol Cr, atomic number 24, and atomic weight 52. According to the Fourth Annual Report on Carcinogens (NTP85-002,1985), chromium and some of its compounds have been listed as known carcinogens.. chromium ion : An chromium atom having a net electric charge.. chromium atom : A chromium group element atom that has atomic number 24.	3.35	1	0	chromium group element atom; metal allergen	micronutrient
gold Gold: A yellow metallic element with the atomic symbol Au, atomic number 79, and atomic weight 197. It is used in jewelry, goldplating of other metals, as currency, and in dental restoration. Many of its clinical applications, such as ANTIRHEUMATIC AGENTS, are in the form of its salts.	3.57	2	0	copper group element atom; elemental gold
nickel chloride nickel chloride: RN given refers to cpd with MF of Ni-Cl2. nickel dichloride : A compound of nickel and chloride in which the ratio of nickel (in the +2 oxidation state) to chloride is 1:2.	7.03	1	0	nickel coordination entity	calcium channel blocker; hapten
propham propham: minor descriptor (72-85); on-line & Index Medicus search HERBICIDES, CARBAMATE (72-85); RN given refers to parent cpd. propham : A carbamate ester that is the isopropyl ester of phenylcarbamic acid. It is a selective herbicide used for the control of annual grasses and some broad-leaf weeds and is also a growth regulator for control of sprouting in stored potatoes.	2.05	1	0	benzenes; carbamate ester	herbicide; plant growth retardant
glycerol 1-stearate glycerol 1-stearate: isolated from the young fronds of the bracken fern Pteridium aquilinum; structure in first source. rac-1-monostearoylglycerol : A rac-1-monoacylglycerol composed of equal amounts of 3-stearoyl-sn-glycerol and 1-stearoyl-sn-glycerol.. 1-monostearoylglycerol : A 1-monoglyceride that has stearoyl as the acyl group.	2.17	1	0	1-acylglycerol 18:0; rac-1-monoacylglycerol	algal metabolite; Caenorhabditis elegans metabolite
phenmedipham phenmedipham: minor descriptor (72-84); on-line search CARBAMATES (72-84); Index Medicus search HERBICIDES, CARBAMATE (75-84), CARBAMATES (72-75). phenmedipham : A carbamate ester that is (3-methylphenyl)carbamic acid in which the hydrogen of the hydroxy group has been replaced by a 3-[(methoxycarbonyl)amino]phenyl group.	2.05	1	0	carbamate ester	environmental contaminant; herbicide; xenobiotic
galactose aldohexose : A hexose with a (potential) aldehyde group at one end.	2.17	1	0
cobalt sulfate cobalt sulfate: RN given refers to parent cpd. cobalt(2+) sulfate : A compound of cobalt and sulfate in which the ratio of cobalt (+2 oxidation state) to sulfate is 1:1.	2	1	0	metal sulfate
carbendazim carbendazim: carcinogen when combined with sodium nitrite; principle metabolite of thiophanate methyl & benomyl; structure. carbendazim : A member of the class of benzimidazoles that is 2-aminobenzimidazole in which the primary amino group is substituted by a methoxycarbonyl group. A fungicide, carbendazim controls Ascomycetes, Fungi Imperfecti, and Basidiomycetes on a wide variety of crops, including bananas, cereals, cotton, fruits, grapes, mushrooms, ornamentals, peanuts, sugarbeet, soybeans, tobacco, and vegetables.	2.05	1	0	benzimidazole fungicide; benzimidazoles; benzimidazolylcarbamate fungicide; carbamate ester	antifungal agrochemical; antinematodal drug; metabolite; microtubule-destabilising agent
levamisole Levamisole: An antihelminthic drug that has been tried experimentally in rheumatic disorders where it apparently restores the immune response by increasing macrophage chemotaxis and T-lymphocyte function. Paradoxically, this immune enhancement appears to be beneficial in rheumatoid arthritis where dermatitis, leukopenia, and thrombocytopenia, and nausea and vomiting have been reported as side effects. (From Smith and Reynard, Textbook of Pharmacology, 1991, p435-6). levamisole : A 6-phenyl-2,3,5,6-tetrahydroimidazo[2,1-b][1,3]thiazole that has S configuration. It is used (generally as the monohydrochloride salt) to treat parasitic worm infections in pigs, sheep and cattle and was formerly used in humans as an adjuvant to chemotherapy for the treatment of various cancers. It is also widely used as an adulterant to coccaine.	2.08	1	0	6-phenyl-2,3,5,6-tetrahydroimidazo[2,1-b][1,3]thiazole	antinematodal drug; antirheumatic drug; EC 3.1.3.1 (alkaline phosphatase) inhibitor; immunological adjuvant; immunomodulator
thiamphenicol [no description available]	2.15	1	0	monocarboxylic acid amide; sulfone	antimicrobial agent; immunosuppressive agent
tetradecanoylphorbol acetate Tetradecanoylphorbol Acetate: A phorbol ester found in CROTON OIL with very effective tumor promoting activity. It stimulates the synthesis of both DNA and RNA.. phorbol ester : Esters of phorbol, originally found in croton oil (from Croton tiglium, of the family Euphorbiaceae). A number of phorbol esters possess activity as tumour promoters and activate the mechanisms associated with cell growth. Some of these are used in experiments as activators of protein kinase C.. phorbol 13-acetate 12-myristate : A phorbol ester that is phorbol in which the hydroxy groups at the cyclopropane ring juction (position 13) and the adjacent carbon (position 12) have been converted into the corresponding acetate and myristate esters. It is a major active constituent of the seed oil of Croton tiglium. It has been used as a tumour promoting agent for skin carcinogenesis in rodents and is associated with increased cell proliferation of malignant cells. However its function is controversial since a decrease in cell proliferation has also been observed in several cancer cell types.	2.91	4	0	acetate ester; diester; phorbol ester; tertiary alpha-hydroxy ketone; tetradecanoate ester	antineoplastic agent; apoptosis inducer; carcinogenic agent; mitogen; plant metabolite; protein kinase C agonist; reactive oxygen species generator
metergoline Metergoline: A dopamine agonist and serotonin antagonist. It has been used similarly to BROMOCRIPTINE as a dopamine agonist and also for MIGRAINE DISORDERS therapy.. metergoline : An ergoline alkaloid that is the N-benzyloxycarbonyl derivative of lysergamine. A 5-HT2 antagonist. Also 5-HT1 antagonist and 5-HT1D ligand. Has moderate affinity for 5-HT6 and high affinity for 5-HT7.	2.05	1	0	carbamate ester; ergoline alkaloid	dopamine agonist; geroprotector; serotonergic antagonist
benomyl [no description available]	2.05	1	0	aromatic amide; benzimidazole fungicide; benzimidazoles; benzimidazolylcarbamate fungicide; carbamate ester	acaricide; anthelminthic drug; antifungal agrochemical; microtubule-destabilising agent; tubulin modulator
verbenone verbenone: platelet aggregation inhibitor; RN given refers to cpd without isomeric designation. 4,6,6-trimethylbicyclo[3.1.1]hept-3-en-2-one : A carbobicyclic compound that is bicyclo[3.1.1]heptane which is substituted by an oxo group at position 2 and by methyl groups at positions 4, 6 and 6, and which contains a double bond between positions 3 and 4.. (S)-(-)-verbenone : A 4,6,6-trimethylbicyclo[3.1.1]hept-3-en-2-one in which both chiral centres have S configuration.	1.98	1	0	carbobicyclic compound; cyclic ketone; enone
chromium chromium hexavalent ion: a human respiratory carcinogen	3.35	1	0	chromium cation; monoatomic hexacation
oxadiazon oxadiazon: manufactured by the Societe Rhone-poulenc, France; structure	2.05	1	0	aromatic ether
bromocriptine Bromocriptine: A semisynthetic ergotamine alkaloid that is a dopamine D2 agonist. It suppresses prolactin secretion.	3.31	1	0	indole alkaloid	antidyskinesia agent; antiparkinson drug; dopamine agonist; hormone antagonist
phenyl acetate phenyl acetate: The ester formed between phenol and acetic acid. Don't confuse with phenylacetic acid derivatives listed under PHENYLACETATES.. phenyl acetate : An acetate ester obtained by the formal condensation of phenol with acetic acid.	3.52	8	0	benzenes; phenyl acetates
4-anisaldehyde 4-anisaldehyde: RN given refers to cpd with specified locants for methoxy moieties; structure in Merck, 9th ed, #696. p-methoxybenzaldehyde : A member of the class of benzaldehydes consisting of benzaldehyde itself carrying a methoxy substituent at position 4.	2.04	1	0	benzaldehydes	bacterial metabolite; human urinary metabolite; insect repellent; plant metabolite
myrcene myrcene: structure in first source. beta-myrcene : A monoterpene that is octa-1,6-diene bearing methylene and methyl substituents at positions 3 and 7 respectively.	8.74	10	0	monoterpene	anabolic agent; anti-inflammatory agent; flavouring agent; fragrance; plant metabolite; volatile oil component
allyl caproate [no description available]	2.25	1	0	fatty acid ester
isoamyl acetate isoamyl acetate: structure in Merck, 9th ed, #4958. isoamyl acetate : The acetate ester of isoamylol.	3.12	5	0	acetate ester	metabolite; Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite
alkenes [no description available]	2.99	4	0
glutamic acid Glutamic Acid: A non-essential amino acid naturally occurring in the L-form. Glutamic acid is the most common excitatory neurotransmitter in the CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM.. glutamic acid : An alpha-amino acid that is glutaric acid bearing a single amino substituent at position 2.	2.52	2	0	glutamic acid; glutamine family amino acid; L-alpha-amino acid; proteinogenic amino acid	Escherichia coli metabolite; ferroptosis inducer; micronutrient; mouse metabolite; neurotransmitter; nutraceutical
sodium azide Sodium Azide: A cytochrome oxidase inhibitor which is a nitridizing agent and an inhibitor of terminal oxidation. (From Merck Index, 12th ed). sodium azide : The sodium salt of hydrogen azide (hydrazoic acid).	2.04	1	0	inorganic sodium salt	antibacterial agent; explosive; mitochondrial respiratory-chain inhibitor; mutagen
amoxicillin Amoxicillin: A broad-spectrum semisynthetic antibiotic similar to AMPICILLIN except that its resistance to gastric acid permits higher serum levels with oral administration.. amoxicillin : A penicillin in which the substituent at position 6 of the penam ring is a 2-amino-2-(4-hydroxyphenyl)acetamido group.	2.41	1	0	penicillin allergen; penicillin	antibacterial drug
toloxatone toloxatone: oxazolidinone derivative; psychotropic drug; structure. toloxatone : A racemate consisting of equimolar amounts of (R)- and (S)-toloxatone. It is a reversible monoamine oxidase A inhibitor and antidepressant.. 5-(hydroxymethyl)-3-(3-methylphenyl)-1,3-oxazolidin-2-one : A member of the class of oxazolidinones that is 5-(hydroxymethyl)-1,3-oxazolidin-2-one substituted by a 3-methylphenyl group at position 3.	2.05	1	0	oxazolidinone; primary alcohol; toluenes
paclitaxel Taxus: Genus of coniferous yew trees or shrubs, several species of which have medicinal uses. Notable is the Pacific yew, Taxus brevifolia, which is used to make the anti-neoplastic drug taxol (PACLITAXEL).	2.07	1	0	taxane diterpenoid; tetracyclic diterpenoid	antineoplastic agent; human metabolite; metabolite; microtubule-stabilising agent
substance p [no description available]	2.1	1	0	peptide	neurokinin-1 receptor agonist; neurotransmitter; vasodilator agent
vinclozolin vinclozolin : A racemate comprising equimolar amounts of (R)- and (S)-vinclozolin. A fungicide used mainly on oilseed rape, vines, fruit and vegetables to control Botrytis, Sclerotinia and Monilia spp.. 3-(3,5-dichlorophenyl)-5-ethenyl-5-methyl-2,4-oxazolidinedione : A member of the class of oxazolidinones that is 5-ethenyl-5-methyl-2,4-oxazolidinedione in which the imide hydrogen is replaced by a 3,5-dichlorophenyl group.	2.05	1	0	dicarboximide; dichlorobenzene; olefinic compound; oxazolidinone
thidiazuron [no description available]	2.05	1	0	ureas
permethrin hemoglobin Atlanta-Coventry: Leu replaced by Pro at beta75 and Leu deleted at beta141	2.06	1	0	cyclopropanecarboxylate ester; cyclopropanes	agrochemical; ectoparasiticide; pyrethroid ester acaricide; pyrethroid ester insecticide; scabicide
mefloquine (-)-(11S,2'R)-erythro-mefloquine : An optically active form of [2,8-bis(trifluoromethyl)quinolin-4-yl]-(2-piperidyl)methanol having (-)-(11S,2'R)-erythro-configuration. An antimalarial agent, used in racemic form, which acts as a blood schizonticide; its mechanism of action is unknown.	3.31	1	0	[2,8-bis(trifluoromethyl)quinolin-4-yl]-(2-piperidyl)methanol	antimalarial
oxfendazole [no description available]	2.05	1	0	benzimidazoles; carbamate ester; sulfoxide	antinematodal drug
acarbose [no description available]	3.51	1	0	tetrasaccharide derivative	EC 3.2.1.1 (alpha-amylase) inhibitor; EC 3.2.1.20 (alpha-glucosidase) inhibitor; geroprotector; hypoglycemic agent
talniflumate talniflumate: an anti-inflammatory molecule for the treatment of cystic fibrosis, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease and asthma	2.05	1	0	benzofurans
fenoxycarb fenoxycarb: used against mosquitoes (Diptera:Culicidae); structure given in first source. fenoxycarb : A carbamate ester that is the O-ethyl carbamate of 2-(4-phenoxyphenoxy)ethylamine.	2.05	1	0	aromatic ether; carbamate ester	environmental contaminant; insecticide; juvenile hormone mimic; xenobiotic
flupirtine flupirtine: RN given refers to parent cpd without isomeric designation	2.05	1	0	aminopyridine
remoxipride Remoxipride: An antipsychotic agent that is specific for dopamine D2 receptors. It has been shown to be effective in the treatment of schizophrenia.	2.05	1	0	dimethoxybenzene
clomazone clomazone: an herbicide. clomazone : An isoxazolidinone that is 1,2-oxazolidin-3-one substituted by a 2-chlorobenzyl group at position 2 and two methyl groups at position 4.	2.05	1	0	isoxazolidinone; monochlorobenzenes	agrochemical; carotenoid biosynthesis inhibitor; environmental contaminant; herbicide; xenobiotic
sertindole sertindole : A phenylindole that is 1H-indole which is substituted on the nitrogen by a p-chlorophenyl group, at position 5 by chlorine, and at position 3 by a piperidin-4-yl group, which is itself substituted on the nitrogen by a 2-(2-oxoimidazolidin-1-yl)ethyl group.	2.05	1	0	heteroarylpiperidine; imidazolidinone; organochlorine compound; organofluorine compound; phenylindole	alpha-adrenergic antagonist; H1-receptor antagonist; second generation antipsychotic; serotonergic antagonist
ziprasidone ziprasidone: a benzisothiazoylpiperazine derivative; has combined dopamine and serotonin receptor antagonist activity; structurally related to tiospirone. ziprasidone : A piperazine compound having 1,2-benzothiazol-3-yl- and 2-(6-chloro-1,3-dihydro-2-oxindol-5-yl)ethyl substituents attached to the nitrogen atoms.	2.05	1	0	1,2-benzisothiazole; indolones; organochlorine compound; piperazines	antipsychotic agent; dopaminergic antagonist; histamine antagonist; muscarinic antagonist; psychotropic drug; serotonergic antagonist
zolmitriptan zolmitriptan: an antimigraine compound; a serotonin (5HT)-1D receptor agonist. zolmitriptan : A member of the class of tryptamines that is N,N-dimethyltryptamine in which the hydrogen at position 5 of the indole ring has been replaced by a [(4S)-2-oxo-1,3-oxazolidin-4-yl]methyl group. A serotonin 5-HT1 B and D receptor agonist, it is used for the treatment of migraine.	2.05	1	0	oxazolidinone; tryptamines	anti-inflammatory drug; serotonergic agonist; vasoconstrictor agent
capecitabine Capecitabine: A deoxycytidine derivative and fluorouracil PRODRUG that is used as an ANTINEOPLASTIC ANTIMETABOLITE in the treatment of COLON CANCER; BREAST CANCER and GASTRIC CANCER.. capecitabine : A carbamate ester that is cytidine in which the hydrogen at position 5 is replaced by fluorine and in which the amino group attached to position 4 is converted into its N-(penyloxy)carbonyl derivative. Capecitabine is a antineoplastic agent used in the treatment of cancers.	2.05	1	0	carbamate ester; cytidines; organofluorine compound	antimetabolite; antineoplastic agent; prodrug
verbenol verbenol: RN given refers to cpd with unspecified isomeric designation; structure	1.98	1	0	monoterpenoid
myrtenal myrtenal: RN refers to cpd without isomeric designation; structure given in first source	6.97	1	0
musk xylene musk xylene : A C-nitro compound that is m-xylene bearing three nitro substituents at positions 2, 4 and 6 as well as a tert-butyl group at position 5.	1.98	1	0	C-nitro compound	carcinogenic agent; explosive; fragrance
nelfinavir Nelfinavir: A potent HIV protease inhibitor. It is used in combination with other antiviral drugs in the treatment of HIV in both adults and children.. nelfinavir : An aryl sulfide that is used (as its mesylate salt) for treatment of HIV and also exhibits some anticancer properties.	3.31	1	0	aryl sulfide; benzamides; organic heterobicyclic compound; phenols; secondary alcohol; tertiary amino compound	antineoplastic agent; HIV protease inhibitor
glucose, (beta-d)-isomer beta-D-glucose : D-Glucopyranose with beta configuration at the anomeric centre.. (1->4)-beta-D-glucan : A beta-D-glucan in which the glucose units are connected by (1->4) linkages.. (1->3)-beta-D-glucan : A beta-D-glucan in which the glucose units are connected by (1->3) linkages.	2	1	0	D-glucopyranose	epitope; mouse metabolite
betulinic acid [no description available]	3.31	1	0	hydroxy monocarboxylic acid; pentacyclic triterpenoid	anti-HIV agent; anti-inflammatory agent; antimalarial; antineoplastic agent; EC 5.99.1.3 [DNA topoisomerase (ATP-hydrolysing)] inhibitor; plant metabolite
baicalin [no description available]	3.31	1	0	dihydroxyflavone; glucosiduronic acid; glycosyloxyflavone; monosaccharide derivative	antiatherosclerotic agent; antibacterial agent; anticoronaviral agent; antineoplastic agent; antioxidant; cardioprotective agent; EC 2.7.7.48 (RNA-directed RNA polymerase) inhibitor; EC 3.4.21.26 (prolyl oligopeptidase) inhibitor; ferroptosis inhibitor; neuroprotective agent; non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug; plant metabolite; prodrug
allicin [no description available]	2.15	1	0	botanical anti-fungal agent; sulfoxide	antibacterial agent
triazoles Triazoles: Heterocyclic compounds containing a five-membered ring with two carbon atoms and three nitrogen atoms with the molecular formula C2H3N3.. triazoles : An azole in which the five-membered heterocyclic aromatic skeleton contains three N atoms and two C atoms.	2.13	1	0	1,2,3-triazole
apaflurane [no description available]	2.05	1	0
isopimpinellin isopimpinellin: from Ruta graveolens & Heracleum lanatum; structure	2.07	1	0	psoralens
perillene perillene: structure in first source. perillene : A monoterpenoid that is furan in which the hydrogen at position 3 is replaced by a 4-methylpent-3-en-1-yl group. A defensive allomone of thrips that has a flowery, citrus-like flavour.	2.44	2	0	furans; monoterpenoid	fragrance; metabolite; semiochemical
befuraline befuraline: RN given refers to parent cpd; structure	2.05	1	0
nefiracetam [no description available]	2.05	1	0	organonitrogen compound; organooxygen compound
honokiol [no description available]	3.31	1	0	biphenyls
lycorine lycorine: from bulbs of LYCORIS & other plants; RN given refers to (1 alpha,2 beta)-isomer; structure in Merck Index, 9th ed, #5444. lycorine : An indolizidine alkaloid that is 3,12-didehydrogalanthan substituted by hydroxy groups at positions and 2 and a methylenedioxy group across positions 9 and 10. Isolated from Crinum asiaticum, it has been shown to exhibit antimalarial activity.	3.31	1	0	indolizidine alkaloid	anticoronaviral agent; antimalarial; plant metabolite; protein synthesis inhibitor
pacein PAcein: structure. pacein : A member of the class of benzofurans that is dibenzo[b,d]furan-3,7-dione bearing two methyl substituents at positions 1 and 9 as well as two 2,4-dihydroxy-6-methylanilino substituents at positions 2 and 8.. orcein : A variable mixture of several compounds isolated from lichens, the eight most abundant being alpha-aminoorcein, alpha-hydroxyorcein, beta-aminoorcein, gamma-aminoorcein, beta-hydroxyorcein, gamma-hydroxyorcein, beta-aminoorceimine and beta-aminoorceimine (all are phenoxazine-based). It is used for the demonstration of elastic fibres as well as to stain the rough endoplasmic reticulum of hepatitis B infected liver cells.	3.31	1	0
amperozide amperozide : A member of the class of ureas that is urea in which three of the four hydrogens are replaced by ethyl and 4-[4,4-bis(4-fluorophenyl)butyl]piperazin-1-yl groups. An atypical antipsychotic which was in clinical development for the treatment of schizophrenia and substance-related disorders. It is a potent 5-HT2A antagonist and used in veterinary medicine because of its sedative effect on pigs.	2.05	1	0	diarylmethane; monofluorobenzenes; N-alkylpiperazine; secondary carboxamide; ureas	anxiolytic drug; dopamine uptake inhibitor; geroprotector; second generation antipsychotic; serotonergic antagonist
gallein gallein: do not confuse with gallin; structure. gallein : A xanthene dye that is fluoran carrying four hydroxy substituents at positions 3', 4', 5' and 6'.	2.06	1	0	2-benzofurans; gamma-lactone; organic heteropentacyclic compound; oxaspiro compound; polyphenol; xanthene dye	fluorochrome; G-protein-coupled receptor antagonist; histological dye
citronellal, (r)-isomer (R)-(+)-citronellal : The (3R)-stereoisomer of 3,7-dimethyloct-6-enal (citronellal).	2.46	2	0	citronellal
3,4-Methylenedioxyacetophenone [no description available]	2.08	1	0	benzodioxoles
beta-thujone [no description available]	1.97	1	0	beta-thujone
hydroxyisohexyl 3-cyclohexene carboxaldehyde hydroxyisohexyl 3-cyclohexene carboxaldehyde: structure in first source	3.12	5	0
fosthiazate fosthiazate: structure in first source	2.08	1	0	organic phosphonate; organothiophosphate insecticide; phosphonic ester	agrochemical; EC 3.1.1.7 (acetylcholinesterase) inhibitor; nematicide
elemol elemol: monocyclic sespuiterpenoid tertiary alcohol; RN given refers to (1R-(1alpha,3alpha,4beta))-isomer; structure in first source. elemol : A sesquiterpenoid that is isopropanol which is substituted at position 2 by a (3S,4S)-3-isopropenyl-4-methyl-4-vinylcyclohexyl group.	2.6	1	0	olefinic compound; sesquiterpenoid; tertiary alcohol	fragrance; plant metabolite
alpha-curcumene alpha-curcumene: active priniciple in essential oils of Curcuma xanthorrhiza. alpha-curcumene : A sesquiterpene that is 2-methyl-2-heptene in which one of the hydrogens at position 6 is substituted by a p-tolyl group.	2.08	1	0	sesquiterpene
zingiberene zingiberene: in wild tomato; structure in first source. zingiberene : 2-Methylcyclohexa-1,3-diene in which a hydrogen at the 5 position is substituted (R configuration) by a 6-methyl-hept-5-en-2-yl group (S configuration). It is a sesquiterpene found in the dried rhizomes of Indonesian ginger, Zingiber officinale.	3.02	4	0	cyclohexadiene; sesquiterpene
glycidyl nitrate glycidyl nitrate: a nitric oxide donor; structure in first source. peptidoglycan : A peptidoglycosaminoglycan formed by alternating residues of beta-(1->4)-linked N-acetylglucosamine and N-acetylmuramic acid {2-amino-3-O-[(S)-1-carboxyethyl]-2-deoxy-D-glucose} residues. Attached to the carboxy group of the muramic acid is a peptide chain of three to five amino acids.	2.41	1	0
ethyl-3-(n-n-butyl-n-acetyl)aminopropionate ethyl-3-(N-n-butyl-N-acetyl)aminopropionate: an insect repellent; structure in first source	2.06	1	0	acetamides; ethyl ester; tertiary carboxamide
cobalt Cobalt: A trace element that is a component of vitamin B12. It has the atomic symbol Co, atomic number 27, and atomic weight 58.93. It is used in nuclear weapons, alloys, and pigments. Deficiency in animals leads to anemia; its excess in humans can lead to erythrocytosis.. cobalt(1+) : A monovalent inorganic cation obtained from cobalt.. cobalt atom : A cobalt group element atom that has atomic number 27.	3.85	3	0	cobalt group element atom; metal allergen	micronutrient
diacetyldichlorofluorescein diacetyldichlorofluorescein: stable storage form of dichlorofluorescein	2.1	1	0
valerates Valerates: Derivatives of valeric acid, including its salts and esters.	2.04	1	0	short-chain fatty acid anion; straight-chain saturated fatty acid anion	plant metabolite
florfenicol florfenicol: structure given in first source. florfenicol : A carboxamide that is the N-dichloroacetyl derivative of (1R,2S)-2-amino-3-fluoro-1-[4-(methanesulfonyl)phenyl]propan-1-ol. A synthetic veterinary antibiotic that is used for treatment of bovine respiratory disease and foot rot; also used in aquaculture.	2.15	1	0	organochlorine compound; organofluorine compound; secondary alcohol; secondary carboxamide; sulfone	antimicrobial agent
caprylates Caprylates: Derivatives of caprylic acid. Included under this heading are a broad variety of acid forms, salts, esters, and amides that contain a carboxy terminated eight carbon aliphatic structure.. octanoate : A straight-chain saturated fatty acid anion that is the conjugate base of octanoic acid (caprylic acid); believed to block adipogenesis.	2.05	1	0	fatty acid anion 8:0; straight-chain saturated fatty acid anion	human metabolite; Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite
saclofen saclofen: GABA-A receptor antagonist	2.01	1	0	organochlorine compound
imidodiphosphonic acid imidodiphosphonic acid: in combination with technetrium, a superior radiopharmaceutical for myocardial infarct imaging; RN given refers to parent cpd	2.6	1	0
t-kinin T-kinin: from rat plasma	1.96	1	0	peptide
xylose xylopyranose: structure in first source	2.02	1	0	D-xylose
phytol [no description available]	1.96	1	0
ezetimibe Ezetimibe: An azetidine derivative and ANTICHOLESTEREMIC AGENT that inhibits intestinal STEROL absorption. It is used to reduce total CHOLESTEROL; LDL CHOLESTEROL, and APOLIPOPROTEINS B in the treatment of HYPERLIPIDEMIAS.. ezetimibe : A beta-lactam that is azetidin-2-one which is substituted at 1, 3, and 4 by p-fluorophenyl, 3-(p-fluorophenyl)-3-hydroxypropyl, and 4-hydroxyphenyl groups, respectively (the 3R,3'S,4S enantiomer).	3.31	1	0	azetidines; beta-lactam; organofluorine compound	anticholesteremic drug; antilipemic drug; antimetabolite
schizandrin a schizandrin A: the major lignan, 2-9%, of Schisandra plant; has hepatoprotective, antioxidant, and antineoplastic activities	3.31	1	0
naproxen Naproxen: An anti-inflammatory agent with analgesic and antipyretic properties. Both the acid and its sodium salt are used in the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis and other rheumatic or musculoskeletal disorders, dysmenorrhea, and acute gout.. naproxen : A methoxynaphthalene that is 2-methoxynaphthalene substituted by a carboxy ethyl group at position 6. Naproxen is a non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug commonly used for the reduction of pain, fever, inflammation and stiffness caused by conditions such as osteoarthritis, kidney stones, rheumatoid arthritis, psoriatic arthritis, gout, ankylosing spondylitis, menstrual cramps, tendinitis, bursitis, and for the treatment of primary dysmenorrhea. It works by inhibiting both the COX-1 and COX-2 enzymes.	2.46	2	0	methoxynaphthalene; monocarboxylic acid	antipyretic; cyclooxygenase 1 inhibitor; cyclooxygenase 2 inhibitor; drug allergen; environmental contaminant; gout suppressant; non-narcotic analgesic; non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug; xenobiotic
isopulegol isopulegol: isolated from Mentha cardiaca structure in first source	2.52	2	0	p-menthane monoterpenoid	metabolite
lignin Lignin: The most abundant natural aromatic organic polymer found in all vascular plants. Lignin together with cellulose and hemicellulose are the major cell wall components of the fibers of all wood and grass species. Lignin is composed of coniferyl, p-coumaryl, and sinapyl alcohols in varying ratios in different plant species. (From Merck Index, 11th ed). lignin : A polyphenylpropanoid derived from three monolignol monomers: trans-p-coumaryl alcohol, coniferol and trans-sinapyl alcohol. There is extensive cross-linking and no defined primary structure.	3.56	2	0
erlotinib [no description available]	3.31	1	0	aromatic ether; quinazolines; secondary amino compound; terminal acetylenic compound	antineoplastic agent; epidermal growth factor receptor antagonist; protein kinase inhibitor
agn 193109 AGN 193109: structure given in first source	2.05	1	0
aflatoxin b1 Aflatoxin B1: A potent hepatotoxic and hepatocarcinogenic mycotoxin produced by the Aspergillus flavus group of fungi. It is also mutagenic, teratogenic, and causes immunosuppression in animals. It is found as a contaminant in peanuts, cottonseed meal, corn, and other grains. The mycotoxin requires epoxidation to aflatoxin B1 2,3-oxide for activation. Microsomal monooxygenases biotransform the toxin to the less toxic metabolites aflatoxin M1 and Q1.. aflatoxin B1 : An aflatoxin having a tetrahydrocyclopenta[c]furo[3',2':4,5]furo[2,3-h]chromene skeleton with oxygen functionality at positions 1, 4 and 11.	8.01	4	0	aflatoxin; aromatic ether; aromatic ketone	carcinogenic agent; human metabolite
phenserine phenserine: a carbamate analog of physostigmine; a long-acting inhibitor of cholinesterase	2.05	1	0
cholic acid Cholic Acid: A major primary bile acid produced in the liver and usually conjugated with glycine or taurine. It facilitates fat absorption and cholesterol excretion.. cholic acid : A bile acid that is 5beta-cholan-24-oic acid bearing three alpha-hydroxy substituents at position 3, 7 and 12.	1.93	1	0	12alpha-hydroxy steroid; 3alpha-hydroxy steroid; 7alpha-hydroxy steroid; bile acid; C24-steroid; trihydroxy-5beta-cholanic acid	human metabolite; mouse metabolite
erythritol [no description available]	3.15	1	0	butane-1,2,3,4-tetrol	antioxidant; human metabolite; plant metabolite
delrin delrin: linear polyoxymethylene type acetal resin made by polymerization of formaldehyde; RN refers to multi-polymer	3.35	1	0
3-octanone 3-octanone : A dialkyl ketone that is octane in which the two methylene protons at position 3 have been replaced by an oxo group.	2.05	1	0	dialkyl ketone	antifeedant; biomarker; fungal metabolite; human urinary metabolite; insect attractant; plant metabolite; toxin
lanosterol [no description available]	2.13	1	0	14alpha-methyl steroid; 3beta-sterol; tetracyclic triterpenoid	bacterial metabolite; human metabolite; mouse metabolite; plant metabolite; Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite
lupeol [no description available]	3.31	1	0	pentacyclic triterpenoid; secondary alcohol	anti-inflammatory drug; plant metabolite
piperitenone piperitenone: structure given in first source	2.25	1	0	p-menthadien-3-one
bradykinin [no description available]	1.96	1	0	oligopeptide	human blood serum metabolite; vasodilator agent
mevalonic acid Mevalonic Acid: A dihydroxy monocarboxylic acid and precursor in the biosynthetic pathway known as the mevalonate pathway, which produces terpenes and steroids that are vital for diverse cellular functions.. mevalonic acid : A racemate composed of equimolar amounts of (R)- and (S)-mevalonic acid.. (R)-mevalonic acid : The (R)-enantiomer of mevalonic acid.	1.96	1	0	3,5-dihydroxy-3-methylpentanoic acid
naringenin (S)-naringenin : The (S)-enantiomer of naringenin.	3.31	1	0	(2S)-flavan-4-one; naringenin	expectorant; plant metabolite
oxytocin Oxytocin: A nonapeptide hormone released from the neurohypophysis (PITUITARY GLAND, POSTERIOR). It differs from VASOPRESSIN by two amino acids at residues 3 and 8. Oxytocin acts on SMOOTH MUSCLE CELLS, such as causing UTERINE CONTRACTIONS and MILK EJECTION.. oxytocin : A cyclic nonapeptide hormone with amino acid sequence CYIQNCPLG that also acts as a neurotransmitter in the brain; the principal uterine-contracting and milk-ejecting hormone of the posterior pituitary. Together with the neuropeptide vasopressin, it is believed to influence social cognition and behaviour.	2.05	1	0	heterodetic cyclic peptide; peptide hormone	oxytocic; vasodilator agent
ouabain Ouabain: A cardioactive glycoside consisting of rhamnose and ouabagenin, obtained from the seeds of Strophanthus gratus and other plants of the Apocynaceae; used like DIGITALIS. It is commonly used in cell biological studies as an inhibitor of the NA(+)-K(+)-EXCHANGING ATPASE.. cardiac glycoside : Steroid lactones containing sugar residues that act on the contractile force of the cardiac muscles.. ouabain : A steroid hormone that is a multi-hydroxylated alpha-L-rhamnosyl cardenoloide. It binds to and inhibits the plasma membrane Na(+)/K(+)-ATPase (sodium pump). It has been isolated naturally from Strophanthus gratus.	2.08	1	0	11alpha-hydroxy steroid; 14beta-hydroxy steroid; 5beta-hydroxy steroid; alpha-L-rhamnoside; cardenolide glycoside; steroid hormone	anti-arrhythmia drug; cardiotonic drug; EC 2.3.3.1 [citrate (Si)-synthase] inhibitor; EC 3.1.3.41 (4-nitrophenylphosphatase) inhibitor; EC 3.6.3.10 (H(+)/K(+)-exchanging ATPase) inhibitor; EC 3.6.3.9 (Na(+)/K(+)-transporting ATPase) inhibitor; ion transport inhibitor; plant metabolite
(+)-limonene (4R)-limonene : An optically active form of limonene having (4R)-configuration.	2.06	1	0	limonene	plant metabolite
limonene-1,2-epoxide limonene-1,2-epoxide: RN given refers to cpd without isomeric designation. (4R)-limonene 1,2-epoxide : The (R)-enantiomer of limonene 1,2-epoxide.	2.17	1	0	limonene 1,2-epoxide
linezolid [no description available]	2.05	1	0	acetamides; morpholines; organofluorine compound; oxazolidinone	antibacterial drug; protein synthesis inhibitor
pulegone pulegone: component of peppermint oil; RN given refers to cpd without isomeric designation; structure in Merck. (+)-pulegone : The (5R)-enantiomer of p-menth-4(8)-en-3-one.	2.42	2	0	p-menth-4(8)-en-3-one
ochratoxin a ochratoxin A: structure in first source & in Merck, 9th ed, #6549. ochratoxin A : A phenylalanine derivative resulting from the formal condensation of the amino group of L-phenylalanine with the carboxy group of (3R)-5-chloro-8-hydroxy-3-methyl-1-oxo-3,4-dihydro-1H-2-benzopyran-7-carboxylic acid (ochratoxin alpha). It is among the most widely occurring food-contaminating mycotoxins, produced by Aspergillus ochraceus, Aspergillus carbonarius and Penicillium verrucosum.	2.31	1	0	isochromanes; monocarboxylic acid amide; N-acyl-L-phenylalanine; organochlorine compound; phenylalanine derivative	Aspergillus metabolite; calcium channel blocker; carcinogenic agent; mycotoxin; nephrotoxin; Penicillium metabolite; teratogenic agent
gingerol gingerol: an active ingredient in GINGER along with SHOGAOL. a nonvolatile methoxy phenyl decanone. gingerol : A beta-hydroxy ketone that is 5-hydroxydecan-3-one substituted by a 4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl moiety at position 1; believed to inhibit adipogenesis. It is a constituent of fresh ginger.	2.08	1	0	beta-hydroxy ketone; guaiacols	antineoplastic agent; plant metabolite
1-alpha-terpineol (S)-(-)-alpha-terpineol : The (S)-enantiomer of alpha-terpineol.	2.06	1	0	alpha-terpineol	plant metabolite
2-c-methylerythritol 4-phosphate 2-C-methylerythritol 4-phosphate: structure in first source	3.15	1	0	tetritol phosphate	Escherichia coli metabolite
1-O-Acetyllycorine 1-acetyllycorine: has antiviral activity; structure in first source	3.31	1	0	alkaloid
betadex beta-Cyclodextrins: Cyclic GLUCANS consisting of seven (7) glucopyranose units linked by 1,4-glycosidic bonds.	2.61	2	0	cyclodextrin
e-z cinnamic acid cinnamic acid : A monocarboxylic acid that consists of acrylic acid bearing a phenyl substituent at the 3-position. It is found in Cinnamomum cassia.. trans-cinnamic acid : The E (trans) isomer of cinnamic acid	2.08	1	0	cinnamic acid	plant metabolite
ergosterol [no description available]	7.5	2	0	3beta-hydroxy-Delta(5)-steroid; 3beta-sterol; ergostanoid; phytosterols	fungal metabolite; Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite
tretinoin Tretinoin: An important regulator of GENE EXPRESSION during growth and development, and in NEOPLASMS. Tretinoin, also known as retinoic acid and derived from maternal VITAMIN A, is essential for normal GROWTH; and EMBRYONIC DEVELOPMENT. An excess of tretinoin can be teratogenic. It is used in the treatment of PSORIASIS; ACNE VULGARIS; and several other SKIN DISEASES. It has also been approved for use in promyelocytic leukemia (LEUKEMIA, PROMYELOCYTIC, ACUTE).. retinoic acid : A retinoid consisting of 3,7-dimethylnona-2,4,6,8-tetraenoic acid substituted at position 9 by a 2,6,6-trimethylcyclohex-1-en-1-yl group (geometry of the four exocyclic double bonds is not specified).. all-trans-retinoic acid : A retinoic acid in which all four exocyclic double bonds have E- (trans-) geometry.	4.84	33	0	retinoic acid; vitamin A	anti-inflammatory agent; antineoplastic agent; antioxidant; AP-1 antagonist; human metabolite; keratolytic drug; retinoic acid receptor agonist; retinoid X receptor agonist; signalling molecule
farnesol Farnesol: A colorless liquid extracted from oils of plants such as citronella, neroli, cyclamen, and tuberose. It is an intermediate step in the biological synthesis of cholesterol from mevalonic acid in vertebrates. It has a delicate odor and is used in perfumery. (From McGraw-Hill Dictionary of Scientific and Technical Terms, 5th ed). (2-trans,6-trans)-farnesol : The (2-trans,6-trans)-stereoisomer of farnesol.. farnesol : A farnesane sesquiterpenoid that is dodeca-2,6,10-triene substituted by methyl groups at positions 3, 7 and 11 and a hydroxy group at position 1.	3.15	5	0	farnesol	plant metabolite
resveratrol trans-resveratrol : A resveratrol in which the double bond has E configuration.	3.51	1	0	resveratrol	antioxidant; phytoalexin; plant metabolite; quorum sensing inhibitor; radical scavenger
retinol Vitamin A: Retinol and derivatives of retinol that play an essential role in metabolic functioning of the retina, the growth of and differentiation of epithelial tissue, the growth of bone, reproduction, and the immune response. Dietary vitamin A is derived from a variety of CAROTENOIDS found in plants. It is enriched in the liver, egg yolks, and the fat component of dairy products.. vitamin A : Any member of a group of fat-soluble retinoids produced via metabolism of provitamin A carotenoids that exhibit biological activity against vitamin A deficiency. Vitamin A is involved in immune function, vision, reproduction, and cellular communication.. all-trans-retinol : A retinol in which all four exocyclic double bonds have E- (trans-) geometry.. retinol : A retinoid consisting of 3,7-dimethylnona-2,4,6,8-tetraen-1-ol substituted at position 9 by a 2,6,6-trimethylcyclohex-1-en-1-yl group (geometry of the four exocyclic double bonds is not specified).	9.8	33	0	retinol; vitamin A	human metabolite; mouse metabolite; plant metabolite
oleic acid Oleic Acid: An unsaturated fatty acid that is the most widely distributed and abundant fatty acid in nature. It is used commercially in the preparation of oleates and lotions, and as a pharmaceutical solvent. (Stedman, 26th ed). oleic acid : An octadec-9-enoic acid in which the double bond at C-9 has Z (cis) stereochemistry.	2.46	2	0	octadec-9-enoic acid	antioxidant; Daphnia galeata metabolite; EC 3.1.1.1 (carboxylesterase) inhibitor; Escherichia coli metabolite; mouse metabolite; plant metabolite; solvent
pectins Pectins: High molecular weight polysaccharides present in the cell walls of all plants. Pectins cement cell walls together. They are used as emulsifiers and stabilizers in the food industry. They have been tried for a variety of therapeutic uses including as antidiarrheals, where they are now generally considered ineffective, and in the treatment of hypercholesterolemia.. alpha-D-galacturonic acid : The alpha-anomer of D-galacturonic acid.	2.21	1	0	D-galactopyranuronic acid
geranyl pyrophosphate geranyl pyrophosphate: RN given refers to (E)-isomer. geranyl diphosphate : The diphosphate of the polyprenol compound geraniol.	2.1	1	0	polyprenyl diphosphate	Escherichia coli metabolite; mouse metabolite
mupirocin Mupirocin: A topically used antibiotic from a strain of Pseudomonas fluorescens. It has shown excellent activity against gram-positive staphylococci and streptococci. The antibiotic is used primarily for the treatment of primary and secondary skin disorders, nasal infections, and wound healing.. mupirocin : An alpha,beta-unsaturated ester resulting from the formal condensation of the alcoholic hydroxy group of 9-hydroxynonanoic acid with the carboxy group of (2E)-4-[(2S)-tetrahydro-2H-pyran-2-yl]-3-methylbut-2-enoic acid in which the tetrahydropyranyl ring is substituted at positions 3 and 4 by hydroxy groups and at position 5 by a {(2S,3S)-3-[(2S,3S)-3-hydroxybutan-2-yl]oxiran-2-yl}methyl group. Originally isolated from the Gram-negative bacterium Pseudomonas fluorescens, it is used as a topical antibiotic for the treatment of Gram-positive bacterial infections.	2.41	1	0	alpha,beta-unsaturated carboxylic ester; epoxide; monocarboxylic acid; oxanes; secondary alcohol; triol	antibacterial drug; bacterial metabolite; protein synthesis inhibitor
2-butenal crotonaldehyde : An enal consisting of propene having a formyl group at the 1-position.	1.99	1	0	enal
diethylstilbestrol Diethylstilbestrol: A synthetic nonsteroidal estrogen used in the treatment of menopausal and postmenopausal disorders. It was also used formerly as a growth promoter in animals. According to the Fourth Annual Report on Carcinogens (NTP 85-002, 1985), diethylstilbestrol has been listed as a known carcinogen. (Merck, 11th ed). diethylstilbestrol : An olefinic compound that is trans-hex-3-ene in which the hydrogens at positions 3 and 4 have been replaced by p-hydroxyphenyl groups.	1.94	1	0	olefinic compound; polyphenol	antifungal agent; antineoplastic agent; autophagy inducer; calcium channel blocker; carcinogenic agent; EC 1.1.1.146 (11beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase) inhibitor; EC 3.6.3.10 (H(+)/K(+)-exchanging ATPase) inhibitor; endocrine disruptor; xenoestrogen
alitretinoin Alitretinoin: A retinoid that is used for the treatment of chronic hand ECZEMA unresponsive to topical CORTICOSTEROIDS. It is also used to treat cutaneous lesions associated with AIDS-related KAPOSI SARCOMA.	2	1	0	retinoic acid	antineoplastic agent; keratolytic drug; metabolite; retinoid X receptor agonist
iridoids Iridoids: A type of MONOTERPENES, derived from geraniol. They have the general form of cyclopentanopyran, but in some cases, one of the rings is broken as in the case of secoiridoid. They are different from the similarly named iridals (TRITERPENES).	2.53	2	0
posaconazole [no description available]	3.31	1	0	aromatic ether; conazole antifungal drug; N-arylpiperazine; organofluorine compound; oxolanes; triazole antifungal drug; triazoles	trypanocidal drug
maltitol maltitol : An alpha-D-glucoside consisting of D-glucitol having an alpha-D-glucosyl residue attached at the 4-position. Used as a sugar substitute.	2.11	1	0	alpha-D-glucoside; glycosyl alditol	laxative; metabolite; sweetening agent
spathulenol spathulenol: sesquiterpene alcohol isolated from essential oils of Artemisia vulgaris L. & Artemisia dracunculus L.. spathulenol : A tricyclic sesquiterpenoid that is 4-methylidenedecahydro-1H-cyclopropa[e]azulene carrying three methyl substituents at positions 1, 1 and 7 as well as a hydroxy substituent at position 7.	2.11	1	0
isopiperitenol isopiperitenol: structure given in first source	2.6	1	0	p-menthane monoterpenoid	volatile oil component
bromochloroacetic acid Keratins: A class of fibrous proteins or scleroproteins that represents the principal constituent of EPIDERMIS; HAIR; NAILS; horny tissues, and the organic matrix of tooth ENAMEL. Two major conformational groups have been characterized, alpha-keratin, whose peptide backbone forms a coiled-coil alpha helical structure consisting of TYPE I KERATIN and a TYPE II KERATIN, and beta-keratin, whose backbone forms a zigzag or pleated sheet structure. alpha-Keratins have been classified into at least 20 subtypes. In addition multiple isoforms of subtypes have been found which may be due to GENE DUPLICATION.. bromochloroacetic acid : A monocarboxylic acid that is acetic acid in which one of the methyl hydrogens is replaced by bromine while a second is replaced by chlorine. A low-melting (27.5-31.5degreeC), hygroscopic crystalline solid, it can be formed during the disinfection (by chlorination) of water that contains bromide ions and organic matter, so can occur in drinking water as a byproduct of the disinfection process.	2	1	0	2-bromocarboxylic acid; monocarboxylic acid; organochlorine compound
carbenoxolone [no description available]	3.31	1	0
cinnamaldehyde 3-phenylprop-2-enal : A member of the class of cinnamaldehydes that is prop-2-enal in which a hydrogen at position 3 has been replaced by a phenyl group. The configuration of the double bond is not specified; the name "cinnamaldehyde" is widely used to refer to the E (trans) isomer.. (E)-cinnamaldehyde : The E (trans) stereoisomer of cinnamaldehyde, the parent of the class of cinnamaldehydes.	6.18	29	0	3-phenylprop-2-enal; cinnamaldehydes	antifungal agent; EC 4.3.1.24 (phenylalanine ammonia-lyase) inhibitor; flavouring agent; hypoglycemic agent; plant metabolite; sensitiser; vasodilator agent
geraniol [no description available]	7.2	68	0	3,7-dimethylocta-2,6-dien-1-ol; monoterpenoid; primary alcohol	allergen; fragrance; plant metabolite; volatile oil component
dimethyl fumarate [no description available]	2.11	1	0	diester; enoate ester; methyl ester	antipsoriatic; immunomodulator
glycosides [no description available]	2.37	2	0
beta-ionone beta-ionone: stimulator of carotenogenesis; carotenoid inhibitor; intermediate in synthesis of Vit A; RN given refers to cpd without isomeric designation; structure. beta-ionone : An ionone that is but-3-en-2-one substituted by a 2,6,6-trimethylcyclohex-1-en-1-yl group at position 4.	2.42	2	0	ionone	antioxidant; fragrance
retinaldehyde Retinaldehyde: A diterpene derived from the carotenoid VITAMIN A which functions as the active component of the visual cycle. It is the prosthetic group of RHODOPSIN (i.e., covalently bonded to ROD OPSIN as 11-cis-retinal). When stimulated by visible light, rhodopsin transforms this cis-isomer of retinal to the trans-isomer (11-trans-retinal). This transformation straightens-out the bend of the retinal molecule and causes a change in the shape of rhodopsin triggering the visual process. A series of energy-requiring enzyme-catalyzed reactions convert the 11-trans-retinal back to the cis-isomer.. all-trans-retinal : A retinal in which all four exocyclic double bonds have E- (trans-) geometry.	3.51	8	0	retinal; vitamin A	gap junctional intercellular communication inhibitor; human metabolite; mouse metabolite
piperine piperine : A N-acylpiperidine that is piperidine substituted by a (1E,3E)-1-(1,3-benzodioxol-5-yl)-5-oxopenta-1,3-dien-5-yl group at the nitrogen atom. It is an alkaloid isolated from the plant Piper nigrum.	4.21	2	0	benzodioxoles; N-acylpiperidine; piperidine alkaloid; tertiary carboxamide	food component; human blood serum metabolite; NF-kappaB inhibitor; plant metabolite
squalene Addavax: an oil-water nanoemulsion and adjuvant containing squalene, Tween 80, and sorbitane trioleate	1.96	1	0	triterpene	human metabolite; mouse metabolite; plant metabolite; Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite
nerol nerol : The (2Z)-stereoisomer of 3,7-dimethylocta-2,6-dien-1-ol. It has been isolated from the essential oils from plants like lemon grass.	2.06	1	0	3,7-dimethylocta-2,6-dien-1-ol	fragrance; plant metabolite; volatile oil component
buprenorphine Buprenorphine: A derivative of the opioid alkaloid THEBAINE that is a more potent and longer lasting analgesic than MORPHINE. It appears to act as a partial agonist at mu and kappa opioid receptors and as an antagonist at delta receptors. The lack of delta-agonist activity has been suggested to account for the observation that buprenorphine tolerance may not develop with chronic use.. buprenorphine : A morphinane alkaloid that is 7,8-dihydromorphine 6-O-methyl ether in which positions 6 and 14 are joined by a -CH2CH2- bridge, one of the hydrogens of the N-methyl group is substituted by cyclopropyl, and a hydrogen at position 7 is substituted by a 2-hydroxy-3,3-dimethylbutan-2-yl group. It is highly effective for the treatment of opioid use disorder and is also increasingly being used in the treatment of chronic pain.	3.35	1	0	morphinane alkaloid	delta-opioid receptor antagonist; kappa-opioid receptor antagonist; mu-opioid receptor agonist; opioid analgesic
pyrophosphate Diphosphates: Inorganic salts of phosphoric acid that contain two phosphate groups.	2.1	1	0	diphosphate ion
palmitoyl coenzyme a Palmitoyl Coenzyme A: A fatty acid coenzyme derivative which plays a key role in fatty acid oxidation and biosynthesis.. palmitoyl-CoA : A long-chain fatty acyl-CoA resulting from the formal condensation of the carboxy group of hexadecanoic acid with the thiol group of coenzyme A.	1.97	1	0	11,12-saturated fatty acyl-CoA; 3-substituted propionyl-CoA; long-chain fatty acyl-CoA; palmitoyl bioconjugate	Escherichia coli metabolite; mouse metabolite
gw9662 2-chloro-5-nitrobenzanilide: pretreatment of peroxisome proliferator activated receptors with GW9662 results in the irreversible loss of ligand binding	2.13	1	0	benzamides
lanatoside c lanatoside C: RN given refers to (3beta,5beta,12beta)-isomer	3.31	1	0
sesquiterpenes [no description available]	4.17	15	0
3,3',4,5'-tetrahydroxystilbene 3,3',4,5'-tetrahydroxystilbene: demethyl derivative of isorhapontigenin; structure in first source; a Syk kinase inhibitor; found in heartwood of FABACEAE; inhibitor of photosynthesis in spinach chloroplasts; may be inhibitor of plant growth; RN given refers to (E)-isomer. piceatannol : A stilbenol that is trans-stilbene in which one of the phenyl groups is substituted by hydroxy groups at positions 3 and 4, while the other phenyl group is substituted by hydroxy groups at positions 3 and 5.	3.51	1	0	catechols; polyphenol; resorcinols; stilbenol	antineoplastic agent; apoptosis inducer; geroprotector; hypoglycemic agent; plant metabolite; protein kinase inhibitor; tyrosine kinase inhibitor
4-methoxycinnamic acid [no description available]	3.51	1	0	cinnamic acids
isoeugenol trans-isoeugenol : The trans-stereoisomer of isoeugenol.	3.3	6	0	isoeugenol	plant metabolite
2-amino-3-(4-chlorobenzoyl)-5,6,7,8-tetrahydrobenzothiophene 2-amino-3-(4-chlorobenzoyl)-5,6,7,8-tetrahydrobenzothiophene: an allosteric adenosine modulator	2.05	1	0
curcumin Curcumin: A yellow-orange dye obtained from tumeric, the powdered root of CURCUMA longa. It is used in the preparation of curcuma paper and the detection of boron. Curcumin appears to possess a spectrum of pharmacological properties, due primarily to its inhibitory effects on metabolic enzymes.. curcumin : A beta-diketone that is methane in which two of the hydrogens are substituted by feruloyl groups. A natural dyestuff found in the root of Curcuma longa.	8.54	2	0	aromatic ether; beta-diketone; diarylheptanoid; enone; polyphenol	anti-inflammatory agent; antifungal agent; antineoplastic agent; biological pigment; contraceptive drug; dye; EC 1.1.1.205 (IMP dehydrogenase) inhibitor; EC 1.1.1.21 (aldehyde reductase) inhibitor; EC 1.1.1.25 (shikimate dehydrogenase) inhibitor; EC 1.6.5.2 [NAD(P)H dehydrogenase (quinone)] inhibitor; EC 1.8.1.9 (thioredoxin reductase) inhibitor; EC 2.7.10.2 (non-specific protein-tyrosine kinase) inhibitor; EC 3.5.1.98 (histone deacetylase) inhibitor; flavouring agent; food colouring; geroprotector; hepatoprotective agent; immunomodulator; iron chelator; ligand; lipoxygenase inhibitor; metabolite; neuroprotective agent; nutraceutical; radical scavenger
capsaicin ALGRX-4975: an injectable capsaicin (TRPV1 receptor agonist) formulation for longlasting pain relief. capsaicinoid : A family of aromatic fatty amides produced as secondary metabolites by chilli peppers.	4.3	3	0	capsaicinoid	non-narcotic analgesic; TRPV1 agonist; voltage-gated sodium channel blocker
geranyl acetate geranyl acetate: constituted about 90% of the palmarosa oil. geranyl acetate : A monoterpenoid that is the acetate ester derivative of geraniol.	3.52	7	0	acetate ester; monoterpenoid	plant metabolite
hexyl cinnamic aldehyde [no description available]	2.7	3	0	cinnamaldehydes
2-pentylcinnamaldehyde 2-pentylcinnamaldehyde: jasmine-like odor, widely used synthetic fragrance & suspected allergen; structure given in first source	1.99	1	0	cinnamaldehydes
caryophyllene oxide caryophyllene oxide: has butyrylcholinesterase inhibitory activity; structure in first source. epoxide : Any cyclic ether in which the oxygen atom forms part of a 3-membered ring.	2.49	2	0	epoxide	metabolite
longifolene longifolene: from plant products; RN given refers to (1S-(1alpha,3abeta,4alpha,8abeta))-isomer; structure given in first source	2.02	1	0	longifolene
thiourea Thiourea: A photographic fixative used also in the manufacture of resins. According to the Fourth Annual Report on Carcinogens (NTP 85-002, 1985), this substance may reasonably be anticipated to be a carcinogen (Merck Index, 9th ed). Many of its derivatives are ANTITHYROID AGENTS and/or FREE RADICAL SCAVENGERS.. thiourea : The simplest member of the thiourea class, consisting of urea with the oxygen atom substituted by sulfur.	2.49	2	0	one-carbon compound; thioureas; ureas	antioxidant; chromophore
nadp [no description available]	3.29	6	0
1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl: A diphenyl picrate; the ability to decolorize this stable radical indicates reactivity of tested compounds (Banda, Anal Chem 46:1772-7 1974)	2.15	1	0
lithium Lithium: An element in the alkali metals family. It has the atomic symbol Li, atomic number 3, and atomic weight [6.938; 6.997]. Salts of lithium are used in treating BIPOLAR DISORDER.	2.31	1	0	alkali metal atom
thiophanate thiophanate-methyl : A member of the class of thioureas that is the dimethyl ester of (1,2-phenylenedicarbamothioyl)biscarbamic acid. A fungicide effective against a broad spectrum of diseases in fruit, vegetables, turf and other crops including eyespot, scab, powdery mildew and grey mould.	2.05	1	0	benzimidazole precursor fungicide; carbamate ester; carbamate fungicide; thioureas	antifungal agrochemical
quinine [no description available]	3.31	1	0	cinchona alkaloid	antimalarial; muscle relaxant; non-narcotic analgesic
hirsutine [no description available]	3.31	1	0
sodium dodecyl sulfate Sodium Dodecyl Sulfate: An anionic surfactant, usually a mixture of sodium alkyl sulfates, mainly the lauryl; lowers surface tension of aqueous solutions; used as fat emulsifier, wetting agent, detergent in cosmetics, pharmaceuticals and toothpastes; also as research tool in protein biochemistry.. sodium dodecyl sulfate : An organic sodium salt that is the sodium salt of dodecyl hydrogen sulfate.	7.71	3	0	organic sodium salt	detergent; protein denaturant
sb 242084 6-chloro-5-methyl-1-((2-(2-methylpyrid-3-yloxy)pyrid-5-yl)carbamoyl)indoline: 5-HT(2C) receptor inverse agonist (antagonist); structure in first source	2.05	1	0
tolcapone Tolcapone: A benzophenone and nitrophenol compound that acts as an inhibitor of CATECHOL O-METHYLTRANSFERASE, an enzyme involved in the metabolism of DOPAMINE and LEVODOPA. It is used in the treatment of PARKINSON DISEASE in patients for whom levodopa is ineffective or contraindicated.. tolcapone : Benzophenone substituted on one of the phenyl rings at C-3 and C-4 by hydroxy groups and at C-5 by a nitro group, and on the other phenyl ring by a methyl group at C-4. It is an inhibitor of catechol O-methyltransferase.	3.31	1	0	2-nitrophenols; benzophenones; catechols	antiparkinson drug; EC 2.1.1.6 (catechol O-methyltransferase) inhibitor
quercetin [no description available]	8.65	2	0	7-hydroxyflavonol; pentahydroxyflavone	antibacterial agent; antineoplastic agent; antioxidant; Aurora kinase inhibitor; chelator; EC 1.10.99.2 [ribosyldihydronicotinamide dehydrogenase (quinone)] inhibitor; geroprotector; phytoestrogen; plant metabolite; protein kinase inhibitor; radical scavenger
dinoprostone prostaglandin E2 : Prostaglandin F2alpha in which the hydroxy group at position 9 has been oxidised to the corresponding ketone. Prostaglandin E2 is the most common and most biologically potent of mammalian prostaglandins.	2.49	2	0	prostaglandins E	human metabolite; mouse metabolite; oxytocic
dinoprost Dinoprost: A naturally occurring prostaglandin that has oxytocic, luteolytic, and abortifacient activities. Due to its vasocontractile properties, the compound has a variety of other biological actions.. prostaglandin F2alpha : A prostaglandins Falpha that is prosta-5,13-dien-1-oic acid substituted by hydroxy groups at positions 9, 11 and 15. It is a naturally occurring prostaglandin used to induce labor.	2.45	2	0	monocarboxylic acid; prostaglandins Falpha	human metabolite; mouse metabolite
12-oxophytodienoic acid 12-oxophytodienoic acid: structure given in first source; a jasmonate precursor that induces phytoalexin synthesis	2.13	1	0	carbocyclic fatty acid; olefinic fatty acid; oxo carboxylic acid
linoleic acid Linoleic Acid: A doubly unsaturated fatty acid, occurring widely in plant glycosides. It is an essential fatty acid in mammalian nutrition and is used in the biosynthesis of prostaglandins and cell membranes. (From Stedman, 26th ed). linoleic acid : An octadecadienoic acid in which the two double bonds are at positions 9 and 12 and have Z (cis) stereochemistry.	2.44	2	0	octadecadienoic acid; omega-6 fatty acid	algal metabolite; Daphnia galeata metabolite; plant metabolite
quercitrin [no description available]	3.31	1	0	alpha-L-rhamnoside; monosaccharide derivative; quercetin O-glycoside; tetrahydroxyflavone	antileishmanial agent; antioxidant; EC 1.1.1.184 [carbonyl reductase (NADPH)] inhibitor; EC 1.1.1.21 (aldehyde reductase) inhibitor; EC 1.14.18.1 (tyrosinase) inhibitor; plant metabolite
scopoletin [no description available]	3.51	1	0	hydroxycoumarin	plant growth regulator; plant metabolite
beta carotene beta Carotene: A carotenoid that is a precursor of VITAMIN A. Beta carotene is administered to reduce the severity of photosensitivity reactions in patients with erythropoietic protoporphyria (PORPHYRIA, ERYTHROPOIETIC).. provitamin A : A provitamin that can be converted into vitamin A by enzymes from animal tissues.	2.65	3	0	carotenoid beta-end derivative; cyclic carotene	antioxidant; biological pigment; cofactor; ferroptosis inhibitor; human metabolite; mouse metabolite; plant metabolite; provitamin A
11-cis-retinal Rhodopsin: A purplish-red, light-sensitive pigment found in RETINAL ROD CELLS of most vertebrates. It is a complex consisting of a molecule of ROD OPSIN and a molecule of 11-cis retinal (RETINALDEHYDE). Rhodopsin exhibits peak absorption wavelength at about 500 nm.. 11-cis-retinal : A retinal having 2E,4Z,6E,8E-double bond geometry.	2	1	0	retinal	chromophore; human metabolite; mouse metabolite
farnesal [no description available]	2.46	2	0	farnesal; polyprenal
alpha-linolenic acid linolenic acid : A two-membered subclass of octadecatrienoic acid comprising the (9Z,12Z,15Z)- and (6Z,9Z,12Z)-isomers. Linolenic acids are nutrients essential to the formation of prostaglandins and are also used in making paints and synthetic resins.. linolenate : A polyunsaturated fatty acid anion obtained by deprotonation of the carboxy group of either alpha- or gamma-linolenic acid.	2.89	3	0	linolenic acid; omega-3 fatty acid	micronutrient; mouse metabolite; nutraceutical
genistein [no description available]	3.51	1	0	7-hydroxyisoflavones	antineoplastic agent; EC 5.99.1.3 [DNA topoisomerase (ATP-hydrolysing)] inhibitor; geroprotector; human urinary metabolite; phytoestrogen; plant metabolite; tyrosine kinase inhibitor
amphotericin b Amphotericin B: Macrolide antifungal antibiotic produced by Streptomyces nodosus obtained from soil of the Orinoco river region of Venezuela.. amphotericin B : A macrolide antibiotic used to treat potentially life-threatening fungal infections.	2.07	1	0	antibiotic antifungal drug; macrolide antibiotic; polyene antibiotic	antiamoebic agent; antiprotozoal drug; bacterial metabolite
2-hexenal, z-isomer 2-hexenal: product of lipid peroxidation in the rat liver; a green odor chemical; do not confuse with the hexabarbital synonym, hexenal; RN given refers to cpd without isomeric designation. 2-hexenal : A hexenal having the double bond at the 2-position.. (2E)-hexenal : A 2-hexenal in which the olefinic double bond has E configuration. It occurs naturally in a wide range of fruits, vegetables, and spices.	2.73	3	0	2-hexenal	antibacterial agent; flavouring agent; plant metabolite
caryophyllene (-)-beta-caryophyllene : A beta-caryophyllene in which the stereocentre adjacent to the exocyclic double bond has S configuration while the remaining stereocentre has R configuration. It is the most commonly occurring form of beta-caryophyllene, occurring in many essential oils, particularly oil of cloves.. beta-caryophyllene : A sesquiterpene with a [7.2.0]-bicyclic structure comprising fused 9- and 4-membered rings, with a trans-ring junction, a trans-double bond between the 4- and 5-positions of the 9-membered ring, a methylidene group at position 9, and methyl groups at positions 3, 11, and 11. The most commonly occurring form is the (1R,9S)-(-)-enantiomer, which is found in many essential oils, particularly clove oil.. cannabinoid : A diverse group of pharmacologically active secondary metabolite characteristic to Cannabis plant as well as produced naturally in the body by humans and animals. Cannabinoids contain oxygen as a part of the heterocyclic ring or in the form of various functional groups. They are subdivided on the basis of their origin.	3.61	2	0	beta-caryophyllene	fragrance; insect attractant; metabolite; non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug
chrysin chrysin : A dihydroxyflavone in which the two hydroxy groups are located at positions 5 and 7.	2.05	1	0	7-hydroxyflavonol; dihydroxyflavone	anti-inflammatory agent; antineoplastic agent; antioxidant; EC 2.7.11.18 (myosin-light-chain kinase) inhibitor; hepatoprotective agent; plant metabolite
mangostin mangostin: xanthone from rind of Garcinia mangostana Linn. fruit. alpha-mangostin : A member of the class of xanthones that is 9H-xanthene substituted by hydroxy group at positions 1, 3 and 6, a methoxy group at position 7, an oxo group at position 9 and prenyl groups at positions 2 and 8. Isolated from the stems of Cratoxylum cochinchinense, it exhibits antioxidant, antimicrobial and antitumour activities.	3.31	1	0	aromatic ether; phenols; xanthones	antimicrobial agent; antineoplastic agent; antioxidant; plant metabolite
ethyl 4-methoxycinnamate ethyl 4-methoxycinnamate: an antifungal agent isolated from Curcumba zedoaria	3.51	1	0
isonovalal isonovalal: structure in first source. (2E)-5-isopropyl-2-methylhexa-2,5-dienal : A hexadienal that is hexa-2,5-dienal substituted by a an isopropyl group at position 5 and a methy group at position 2 (the 2E-stereoisomer).	2.04	1	0	hexadienal
alpha-ionone alpha-ionone: RN given refers to cpd without isomeric designation; structure	2.21	1	0	enone; ionone; methyl ketone
isotretinoin Isotretinoin: A topical dermatologic agent that is used in the treatment of ACNE VULGARIS and several other skin diseases. The drug has teratogenic and other adverse effects.. isotretinoin : A retinoic acid that is all-trans-retinoic acid in which the double bond which is alpha,beta- to the carboxy group is isomerised to Z configuration. A synthetic retinoid, it is used for the treatment of severe cases of acne and other skin diseases.	2.6	1	0	retinoic acid	antineoplastic agent; keratolytic drug; teratogenic agent
2-nonenal, (trans)-isomer 2-nonenal: RN given refers to cpd without isomeric designation. non-2-enal : An enal consisting of non-2-ene having an oxo group at the 1-position.. (E)-non-2-enal : A monounsaturated fatty aldehyde that is (2E)-non-2-ene which is carrying an oxo group at position 1.	2.05	1	0	enal; medium-chain fatty aldehyde; monounsaturated fatty aldehyde	plant metabolite
2,4-decadienal (2E,4E)-deca-2,4-dienal : A polyunsaturated fatty aldehyde that is decanal which has undergone formal dehydrogenation to introduce trans- double bonds at the 2-3 and 4-5 positions. A product of lipid peroxidation in cell membranes and a component of cooking oil fumes.	2.08	1	0	polyunsaturated fatty aldehyde	apoptosis inducer; nematicide
1-monooleoyl-rac-glycerol Peceol: lipid excipient containing readily dispersible mixture of mono- & diglycerides of oleic acid. 1-oleoylglycerol : A 1-monoglyceride where the acyl group is oleoyl.. monooleoylglycerol : A monoglyceride in which the acyl group is oleoyl with the position of acylation unspecified.	2.31	1	0	1-acylglycerol 18:1; monooleoylglycerol	plant metabolite
naloxone Naloxone: A specific opiate antagonist that has no agonist activity. It is a competitive antagonist at mu, delta, and kappa opioid receptors.. naloxone : A synthetic morphinane alkaloid that is morphinone in which the enone double bond has been reduced to a single bond, the hydrogen at position 14 has been replaced by a hydroxy group, and the methyl group attached to the nitrogen has been replaced by an allyl group. A specific opioid antagonist, it is used (commonly as its hydrochloride salt) to reverse the effects of opioids, both following their use of opioids during surgery and in cases of known or suspected opioid overdose.	3.35	1	0	morphinane alkaloid; organic heteropentacyclic compound; tertiary alcohol	antidote to opioid poisoning; central nervous system depressant; mu-opioid receptor antagonist
brefeldin a [no description available]	3.31	1	0	macrolide antibiotic	Penicillium metabolite
peridinin peridinin: structure	3.31	1	0
su 5402 SU 5402: structure given in first source. SU5402 : An oxindole that is 3-methyleneoxindole in which one of the hydrogens of the methylene group is substituted by a 3-(2-carboxyethyl)-4-methyl-1H-pyrrol-2-yl group. It is an ATP-competitive inhibitor of the tyrosine kinase activity of fibroblast growth factor receptor 1.	2.11	1	0
mdl 100907 Serotonin 5-HT2 Receptor Antagonists: Drugs that bind to but do not activate SEROTONIN 5-HT2 RECEPTORS, thereby blocking the actions of SEROTONIN or SEROTONIN 5-HT2 RECEPTOR AGONISTS. Included under this heading are antagonists for one or more specific 5-HT2 receptor subtypes.	2.1	1	0
decaprenoic acid decaprenoic acid: synthetic isoprenoid; RN given refers to cpd without isomeric designation; structure given in first source	2.45	2	0	monoterpenoid
cinnamyl alcohol cinnamyl alcohol: RN given refers to parent cpd without isomeric designation. (E)-cinnamyl alcohol : The E (trans) stereoisomer of cinnamyl alcohol.. cinnamyl alcohol : A primary alcohol comprising an allyl core with a hydroxy substituent at the 1-position and a phenyl substituent at the 3-position (geometry of the C=C bond unspecified).	2.44	2	0	cinnamyl alcohol	plant metabolite
andrographolide [no description available]	4.29	2	0	carbobicyclic compound; gamma-lactone; labdane diterpenoid; primary alcohol; secondary alcohol	anti-HIV agent; anti-inflammatory drug; antineoplastic agent; metabolite
isoegomaketone isoegomaketone: has antineoplastic activity; isolated from Perilla frutescens	2.25	1	0	aromatic ketone
nerolidol nerolidol: sesquiterpene; RN given refers to cpd without isomeric designation; nerol is also available. nerolidol : A farnesane sesquiterpenoid that is dodeca-1,6,10-triene which carries methyl groups at positions 3, 7 and 11 and a hydroxy group at position 3. It is a natural product that is present in various flowers and plants with a floral odor. Chemically, it exists in two geometric isomers, trans and cis forms. It is widely used in cosmetics (e.g. shampoos and perfumes), in non-cosmetic products (e.g. detergents and cleansers) and also as a food flavoring agent.. (6Z)-nerolidol : A nerolidol in which the double bond at position 6 adopts a cis-configuration.	7.05	1	0	nerolidol
beta-ocimene beta-ocimene : The trans-stereoisomer of ocimene.. (Z)-beta-ocimene : A beta-ocimene that consists of octa-1,3,6-triene bearing two methyl substituents at positions 3 and 7 (the 3Z-isomer).	2.05	1	0	beta-ocimene	plant metabolite
su 11248 [no description available]	3.31	1	0	monocarboxylic acid amide; pyrroles	angiogenesis inhibitor; antineoplastic agent; EC 2.7.10.1 (receptor protein-tyrosine kinase) inhibitor; immunomodulator; neuroprotective agent; vascular endothelial growth factor receptor antagonist
3-hexenylacetate 3-hexenylacetate: RN refers to (Z)-isomer	2.03	1	0	carboxylic ester
naltrexone Naltrexone: Derivative of noroxymorphone that is the N-cyclopropylmethyl congener of NALOXONE. It is a narcotic antagonist that is effective orally, longer lasting and more potent than naloxone, and has been proposed for the treatment of heroin addiction. The FDA has approved naltrexone for the treatment of alcohol dependence.. naltrexone : An organic heteropentacyclic compound that is naloxone substituted in which the allyl group attached to the nitrogen is replaced by a cyclopropylmethyl group. A mu-opioid receptor antagonist, it is used to treat alcohol dependence.	3.35	1	0	cyclopropanes; morphinane-like compound; organic heteropentacyclic compound	antidote to opioid poisoning; central nervous system depressant; environmental contaminant; mu-opioid receptor antagonist; xenobiotic
methoprene Methoprene: Juvenile hormone analog and insect growth regulator used to control insects by disrupting metamorphosis. Has been effective in controlling mosquito larvae.	7.49	2	0	isopropyl 11-methoxy-3,7,11-trimethyldodeca-2,4-dienoate; isopropyl ester	juvenile hormone mimic
cysteine Cysteine: A thiol-containing non-essential amino acid that is oxidized to form CYSTINE.. L-cysteinium : The L-enantiomer of cysteinium.. cysteine : A sulfur-containing amino acid that is propanoic acid with an amino group at position 2 and a sulfanyl group at position 3.	2.11	1	0	cysteinium	fundamental metabolite
bergamottin bergamottin: constituent of bergamot oil; structure given in first source	2.07	1	0	furanocoumarin	metabolite
solanesol solanesol : A nonaprenol that is hexatriaconta-2,6,10,14,18,22,26,30,34-nonaen-1-ol substituted by 9 methyl groups at positions 3, 7, 11, 15, 19, 23, 27, 31 and 35 (the all-trans0stereoisomer).	2.03	1	0	nonaprenol; primary alcohol	plant metabolite
triolein Triolein: (Z)-9-Octadecenoic acid 1,2,3-propanetriyl ester.. triolein : A triglyceride formed by esterification of the three hydroxy groups of glycerol with oleic acid. Triolein is one of the two components of Lorenzo's oil.	1.98	1	0	triglyceride	Caenorhabditis elegans metabolite; plant metabolite
abscisic acid Abscisic Acid: Abscission-accelerating plant growth substance isolated from young cotton fruit, leaves of sycamore, birch, and other plants, and from potatoes, lemons, avocados, and other fruits.. (S)-2-trans-abscisic acid : A 2-trans-abscisic acid with (S)-configuration at the chiral centre.. (+)-abscisic acid : The naturally occurring (1'S)-(+) enantiomer of abscisic acid. It is an important sesquiterpenoid plant hormone which acts as a regulator of plant responses to environmental stresses such as drought and cold.	2.07	1	0	2-trans-abscisic acid
cedrene cedrene: major constituent of cedarwood oil. cedr-8-ene : A sesquiterpene that is cedrane which has a double bond between positions 8 and 9.	2.11	1	0	bridged compound; carbotricyclic compound; polycyclic olefin; sesquiterpene	human urinary metabolite; volatile oil component
dolichols Dolichols: A class of polyprenols which contain approximately 20 isoprene residues. Although considered ISOPRENOIDS, they terminate with an alpha-saturated isoprenoid group at the hydroxy end of the molecule.	1.96	1	0	polyterpene
n-(3-(dimethylamino)propyl)oleamide N-(3-(dimethylamino)propyl)oleamide: RN given refers to (Z)-isomer; structure given in first source	2.06	1	0
paclobutrazol paclobutrazol: RN given refers to (R,R)-(+-)-isomer. paclobutrazol : A racemate comprising equimolar amounts of (2R,3R)- and (2S,3S)-1-(4-chlorophenyl)-4,4-dimethyl-2-(1H-1,2,4-triazol-1-yl)pentan-3-ol. It acts as a plant-growth retardant and fungicide via inhibition of gibberellin biosynthesis.	2.13	1	0
borneol [no description available]	2.06	1	0	borneol
dantrolene [no description available]	2.05	1	0
cyclo(leucyl-prolyl) cyclo(leucyl-prolyl): structure in first source. cyclo(L-Leu-L-Pro) : A homodetic cyclic peptide composed from leucyl and prolyl residues.	3.31	1	0	dipeptide; homodetic cyclic peptide; pyrrolopyrazine	bacterial metabolite; marine metabolite
chlorhexidine Chlorhexidine: A disinfectant and topical anti-infective agent used also as mouthwash to prevent oral plaque.. chlorhexidine : A bisbiguanide compound with a structure consisting of two (p-chlorophenyl)guanide units linked by a hexamethylene bridge.	2.6	1	0	biguanides; monochlorobenzenes	antibacterial agent; antiinfective agent
valencene valencene: structure in first source. (+)-valencene : A carbobicyclic compound and sesquiterpene that is 1,2,3,4,4a,5,6,7-octahydronaphthalene which is substituted a prop-1-en-2-yl group at position 3 and by methyl groups at positions 4a and 5 (the 3R,4aS,5R- diastereoisomer).	2.13	1	0	carbobicyclic compound; polycyclic olefin; sesquiterpene
mocetinostat mocetinostat: undergoing phase II clinical trials for treatment of cancer. mocetinostat : A benzamide obtained by formal condensation of the carboxy group of 4-({[4-(pyridin-3-yl)pyrimidin-2-yl]amino}methyl)benzoic acid with one of the amino groups of benzene-1,2-diamine. It is an orally active and isotype-selective HDAC inhibitor which exhibits antitumour activity (IC50 = 0.15, 0.29, 1.66 and 0.59 muM for HDAC1, HDAC2, HDAC3 and HDAC11).	2.96	4	0	aminopyrimidine; benzamides; pyridines; secondary amino compound; secondary carboxamide; substituted aniline	antineoplastic agent; apoptosis inducer; autophagy inducer; cardioprotective agent; EC 3.5.1.98 (histone deacetylase) inhibitor; hepatotoxic agent
sorbitan monooleate [no description available]	2.17	1	0	fatty acid ester
ubiquinol ubiquinol: reduced forms of ubiquinone; see also record for ubiquinol 10. ubiquinol-10 : A ubiquinol in which the polyprenyl substituent is decaprenyl.	7.08	1	0	polyprenylhydroquinone; ubiquinol	biomarker; metabolite
osu 03012 OSU 03012: a PDK-1 inhibitor; structure in first source	3.31	1	0	antibiotic antifungal drug; aromatic amide; glycine derivative; organofluorine compound; phenanthrenes; pyrazoles	antineoplastic agent; apoptosis inducer; EC 2.7.11.1 (non-specific serine/threonine protein kinase) inhibitor
le 135 LE 135: structure given in first source	2.1	1	0	dibenzodiazepine
oxadiazoles Oxadiazoles: Compounds containing five-membered heteroaromatic rings containing two carbons, two nitrogens, and one oxygen atom which exist in various regioisomeric forms.	7.08	1	0
acebutolol alpha-D-glucosyl-(1->4)-alpha-D-mannose : An alpha-D-glucosyl-(1->4)-D-mannopyranose in which the anomeric hydroxy group has alpha configuration.	2.11	1	0	alpha-D-glucosyl-(1->4)-D-mannopyranose
buprenorphine, naloxone drug combination Buprenorphine, Naloxone Drug Combination: A pharmaceutical preparation that combines buprenorphine, an OPIOID ANALGESICS with naloxone, a NARCOTIC ANTAGONISTS to reduce the potential for NARCOTIC DEPENDENCE in the treatment of pain. It may also be used for OPIOID SUBSTITUTION THERAPY.	3.35	1	0
pirarubicin [no description available]	7.15	1	0	anthracycline
nimbidiol nimbidiol: structure in first source	3.51	1	0
psn 632408 PSN 632408: a GPR119 agonist; structure in first source	2.05	1	0
rh 795 RH 795: a voltage-sensitive fluorescent dye	1.99	1	0
lactimidomycin lactimidomycin: a glutarimide antibiotic isolated from Streptomyces amphibiosporus	3.31	1	0	macrolide
nad NAD(1-) : An anionic form of nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide arising from deprotonation of the two OH groups of the diphosphate moiety.	2.71	3	0	organophosphate oxoanion	cofactor; human metabolite; hydrogen acceptor; Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite
tannins Tannins: Polyphenolic compounds with molecular weights of around 500-3000 daltons and containing enough hydroxyl groups (1-2 per 100 MW) for effective cross linking of other compounds (ASTRINGENTS). The two main types are HYDROLYZABLE TANNINS and CONDENSED TANNINS. Historically, the term has applied to many compounds and plant extracts able to render skin COLLAGEN impervious to degradation. The word tannin derives from the Celtic word for OAK TREE which was used for leather processing.	2.41	1	0
cellulose DEAE-Cellulose: Cellulose derivative used in chromatography, as ion-exchange material, and for various industrial applications.	2.6	1	0	glycoside
phosphatidylcholines Phosphatidylcholines: Derivatives of PHOSPHATIDIC ACIDS in which the phosphoric acid is bound in ester linkage to a CHOLINE moiety.	2.38	2	0	1,2-diacyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine
ubiquinone Ubiquinone: A lipid-soluble benzoquinone which is involved in ELECTRON TRANSPORT in mitochondrial preparations. The compound occurs in the majority of aerobic organisms, from bacteria to higher plants and animals.	2.4	2	0
diazepinylbenzoic acid diazepinylbenzoic acid: a retinoid x receptor and PPARgamma inhibitor	2.1	1	0
chitosan [no description available]	5.41	15	0
sodium glutamate Sodium Glutamate: One of the FLAVORING AGENTS used to impart a meat-like flavor.. monosodium glutamate : An organic sodium salt that is the monosodium salt of glutamic acid.	2.11	1	0	monosodium glutamate	flavouring agent
mannans [no description available]	2.21	1	0
piperidines Piperidines: A family of hexahydropyridines.	4.21	2	0
interleukin-8 Interleukin-8: A member of the CXC chemokine family that plays a role in the regulation of the acute inflammatory response. It is secreted by variety of cell types and induces CHEMOTAXIS of NEUTROPHILS and other inflammatory cells.	2.13	1	0
colistin Colistin: Cyclic polypeptide antibiotic from Bacillus colistinus. It is composed of Polymyxins E1 and E2 (or Colistins A, B, and C) which act as detergents on cell membranes. Colistin is less toxic than Polymyxin B, but otherwise similar; the methanesulfonate is used orally.. colistin : A multi-component mixture comprising mostly of colistin A (R = Me) and B (R = H), with small amounts of colistin C and other polymyxins, produced by certain strains of Bacillus polymyxa var. colistinus. An antibiotic, it is used as its sulfate salt (for oral or topical use) or as the sodium salt of the N-methylsulfonic acid derivative (the injectable form) in the treatment of severe Gram-negative infections, partiularly those due to Pseudomonas aeruginosa.	2.1	1	0
sofosbuvir Sofosbuvir: A uridine monophosphate analog inhibitor of HEPATITIS C VIRUS (HCV) polymerase NS5B that is used as an ANTIVIRAL AGENT in the treatment of CHRONIC HEPATITIS C.. sofosbuvir : A nucleotide conjugate that is used in combination with ledipasvir (under the trade name Harvoni) for the treatment of chronic hepatitis C genotype 1 infection.	3.31	1	0	isopropyl ester; L-alanyl ester; nucleotide conjugate; organofluorine compound; phosphoramidate ester	antiviral drug; hepatitis C protease inhibitor; prodrug
methylcellulose Methylcellulose: Methylester of cellulose. Methylcellulose is used as an emulsifying and suspending agent in cosmetics, pharmaceutics and the chemical industry. It is used therapeutically as a bulk laxative.	2.21	1	0
tatanan a tatanan A: from the rhizomes of Acorus tatarinowii Schott; structure in first source	3.31	1	0
ascorbic acid Ascorbic Acid: A six carbon compound related to glucose. It is found naturally in citrus fruits and many vegetables. Ascorbic acid is an essential nutrient in human diets, and necessary to maintain connective tissue and bone. Its biologically active form, vitamin C, functions as a reducing agent and coenzyme in several metabolic pathways. Vitamin C is considered an antioxidant.. L-ascorbic acid : The L-enantiomer of ascorbic acid and conjugate acid of L-ascorbate.. L-ascorbate : The L-enantiomer of ascorbate and conjugate base of L-ascorbic acid, arising from selective deprotonation of the 3-hydroxy group. Required for a range of essential metabolic reactions in all animals and plants.. vitamin C : Any member of a group of vitamers that belong to the chemical structural class called butenolides that exhibit biological activity against vitamin C deficiency in animals. The vitamers include L-ascorbic acid and its salt, ionized and oxidized forms.	2.13	1	0	ascorbic acid; vitamin C	coenzyme; cofactor; flour treatment agent; food antioxidant; food colour retention agent; geroprotector; plant metabolite; skin lightening agent
tetracycline Tetracycline: A naphthacene antibiotic that inhibits AMINO ACYL TRNA binding during protein synthesis.. tetracycline : A broad-spectrum polyketide antibiotic produced by the Streptomyces genus of actinobacteria.	2.41	1	0
salicylates Salicylates: The salts or esters of salicylic acids, or salicylate esters of an organic acid. Some of these have analgesic, antipyretic, and anti-inflammatory activities by inhibiting prostaglandin synthesis.. hydroxybenzoate : Any benzoate derivative carrying a single carboxylate group and at least one hydroxy substituent.. salicylates : Any salt or ester arising from reaction of the carboxy group of salicylic acid, or any ester resulting from the condensation of the phenolic hydroxy group of salicylic acid with an organic acid.. salicylate : A monohydroxybenzoate that is the conjugate base of salicylic acid.	2.07	1	0	monohydroxybenzoate	plant metabolite
warfarin Warfarin: An anticoagulant that acts by inhibiting the synthesis of vitamin K-dependent coagulation factors. Warfarin is indicated for the prophylaxis and/or treatment of venous thrombosis and its extension, pulmonary embolism, and atrial fibrillation with embolization. It is also used as an adjunct in the prophylaxis of systemic embolism after myocardial infarction. Warfarin is also used as a rodenticide.. warfarin : A racemate comprising equal amounts of (R)- and (S)-warfarin. Extensively used as both an anticoagulant drug and as a pesticide against rats and mice.. 4-hydroxy-3-(3-oxo-1-phenylbutyl)-1-benzopyran-2-one : A member of the class of coumarins that is 4-hydroxycoumarin which is substituted at position 3 by a 1-phenyl-3-oxo-1-butyl group.	3.13	5	0	benzenes; hydroxycoumarin; methyl ketone
transforming growth factor beta Transforming Growth Factor beta: A factor synthesized in a wide variety of tissues. It acts synergistically with TGF-alpha in inducing phenotypic transformation and can also act as a negative autocrine growth factor. TGF-beta has a potential role in embryonal development, cellular differentiation, hormone secretion, and immune function. TGF-beta is found mostly as homodimer forms of separate gene products TGF-beta1, TGF-beta2 or TGF-beta3. Heterodimers composed of TGF-beta1 and 2 (TGF-beta1.2) or of TGF-beta2 and 3 (TGF-beta2.3) have been isolated. The TGF-beta proteins are synthesized as precursor proteins.	2.41	1	0
agar Agar: A complex sulfated polymer of galactose units, extracted from Gelidium cartilagineum, Gracilaria confervoides, and related red algae. It is used as a gel in the preparation of solid culture media for microorganisms, as a bulk laxative, in making emulsions, and as a supporting medium for immunodiffusion and immunoelectrophoresis.. agar : A complex mixture of polysaccharides extracted from species of red algae. Its two main components are agarose and agaropectin. Agarose is the component responsible for the high-strength gelling properties of agar, while agaropectin provides the viscous properties.	7.98	4	0
caseins Caseins: A mixture of related phosphoproteins occurring in milk and cheese. The group is characterized as one of the most nutritive milk proteins, containing all of the common amino acids and rich in the essential ones.	3.01	4	0
cyclosporine Cyclosporine: A cyclic undecapeptide from an extract of soil fungi. It is a powerful immunosupressant with a specific action on T-lymphocytes. It is used for the prophylaxis of graft rejection in organ and tissue transplantation. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed).	1.99	1	0
orabase Orabase: used in therapy of oral mucosal ulcers	2.63	2	0
bixin bixin: structure. bixin : A carotenoic acid that is the 6'-monomethyl ester of 9'-cis-6,6'-diapocarotene-6,6'-dioic acid.	2.07	1	0
cyclic gmp Cyclic GMP: Guanosine cyclic 3',5'-(hydrogen phosphate). A guanine nucleotide containing one phosphate group which is esterified to the sugar moiety in both the 3'- and 5'-positions. It is a cellular regulatory agent and has been described as a second messenger. Its levels increase in response to a variety of hormones, including acetylcholine, insulin, and oxytocin and it has been found to activate specific protein kinases. (From Merck Index, 11th ed). 3',5'-cyclic GMP : A 3',5'-cyclic purine nucleotide in which the purine nucleobase is specified as guanidine.	2.41	1	0	3',5'-cyclic purine nucleotide; guanyl ribonucleotide	Escherichia coli metabolite; human metabolite; mouse metabolite; plant metabolite; Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite
guanosine triphosphate Guanosine Triphosphate: Guanosine 5'-(tetrahydrogen triphosphate). A guanine nucleotide containing three phosphate groups esterified to the sugar moiety.	2.11	1	0	guanosine 5'-phosphate; purine ribonucleoside 5'-triphosphate	Escherichia coli metabolite; mouse metabolite; uncoupling protein inhibitor
pheophytin a pheophytin a: structure given in first source; RN given refers to (3S-(3alpha(2E,7S,11S),4beta,21beta))-isomer	2.6	1	0
rifampin Rifampin: A semisynthetic antibiotic produced from Streptomyces mediterranei. It has a broad antibacterial spectrum, including activity against several forms of Mycobacterium. In susceptible organisms it inhibits DNA-dependent RNA polymerase activity by forming a stable complex with the enzyme. It thus suppresses the initiation of RNA synthesis. Rifampin is bactericidal, and acts on both intracellular and extracellular organisms. (From Gilman et al., Goodman and Gilman's The Pharmacological Basis of Therapeutics, 9th ed, p1160)	2.41	1	0	cyclic ketal; hydrazone; N-iminopiperazine; N-methylpiperazine; rifamycins; semisynthetic derivative; zwitterion	angiogenesis inhibitor; antiamoebic agent; antineoplastic agent; antitubercular agent; DNA synthesis inhibitor; EC 2.7.7.6 (RNA polymerase) inhibitor; Escherichia coli metabolite; geroprotector; leprostatic drug; neuroprotective agent; pregnane X receptor agonist; protein synthesis inhibitor
febantel febantel: structure	2.05	1	0	aryl sulfide
imidacloprid imidacloprid: systemic & contact insecticide exhibiting low mammalian toxicity; structure given in first source; it is one of the neonicotinoid insecticides, which acts as an antagonist by binding to postsynaptic nicotinic receptors in the insect central nervous system. imidacloprid : An imidazolidine that is N-nitroimidazolidin-2-imine bearing a (6-chloro-3-pyridinyl)methyl substituent at position 1.	3.35	1	0	imidacloprid; imidazolidines; monochloropyridine	environmental contaminant; genotoxin; neonicotinoid insectide; nicotinic acetylcholine receptor agonist; xenobiotic
fenobam fenobam: in USAN fenobam refers to monohydrate	2.05	1	0	ureas
maltodextrin maltodextrin : A dextrin in which the D-glucose units are linked by alpha-(1->4) glycosidic bonds.	2.63	2	0
leptin Leptin: A 16-kDa peptide hormone secreted from WHITE ADIPOCYTES. Leptin serves as a feedback signal from fat cells to the CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM in regulation of food intake, energy balance, and fat storage.	7.25	1	0

Condition	Relationship Strength	Studies	Trials
Acute Confusional Senile Dementia [description not available]	2.31	1	0
Disease Models, Animal Naturally-occurring or experimentally-induced animal diseases with pathological processes analogous to human diseases.	4.05	14	0
Alzheimer Disease A degenerative disease of the BRAIN characterized by the insidious onset of DEMENTIA. Impairment of MEMORY, judgment, attention span, and problem solving skills are followed by severe APRAXIAS and a global loss of cognitive abilities. The condition primarily occurs after age 60, and is marked pathologically by severe cortical atrophy and the triad of SENILE PLAQUES; NEUROFIBRILLARY TANGLES; and NEUROPIL THREADS. (From Adams et al., Principles of Neurology, 6th ed, pp1049-57)	2.31	1	0
Innate Inflammatory Response [description not available]	4	12	0
Infections, Staphylococcal [description not available]	3.25	5	0
Inflammation A pathological process characterized by injury or destruction of tissues caused by a variety of cytologic and chemical reactions. It is usually manifested by typical signs of pain, heat, redness, swelling, and loss of function.	4	12	0
Staphylococcal Infections Infections with bacteria of the genus STAPHYLOCOCCUS.	3.25	5	0
Mange, Sarcoptic [description not available]	2.82	2	0
Scabies A contagious cutaneous inflammation caused by the bite of the mite SARCOPTES SCABIEI. It is characterized by pruritic papular eruptions and burrows and affects primarily the axillae, elbows, wrists, and genitalia, although it can spread to cover the entire body.	2.82	2	0
Dysphagia [description not available]	5.28	4	0
Deglutition Disorders Difficulty in SWALLOWING which may result from neuromuscular disorder or mechanical obstruction. Dysphagia is classified into two distinct types: oropharyngeal dysphagia due to malfunction of the PHARYNX and UPPER ESOPHAGEAL SPHINCTER; and esophageal dysphagia due to malfunction of the ESOPHAGUS.	5.28	4	0
Injury, Ischemia-Reperfusion [description not available]	2.41	1	0
Spermatic Cord Torsion The twisting of the SPERMATIC CORD due to an anatomical abnormality that left the TESTIS mobile and dangling in the SCROTUM. The initial effect of testicular torsion is obstruction of venous return. Depending on the duration and degree of cord rotation, testicular symptoms range from EDEMA to interrupted arterial flow and testicular pain. If blood flow to testis is absent for 4 to 6 h, SPERMATOGENESIS may be permanently lost.	2.41	1	0
Ischemia A hypoperfusion of the BLOOD through an organ or tissue caused by a PATHOLOGIC CONSTRICTION or obstruction of its BLOOD VESSELS, or an absence of BLOOD CIRCULATION.	7.58	2	0
Reperfusion Injury Adverse functional, metabolic, or structural changes in tissues that result from the restoration of blood flow to the tissue (REPERFUSION) following ISCHEMIA.	7.41	1	0
Infections, Vibrio [description not available]	2.41	1	0
Anxiety Feelings or emotions of dread, apprehension, and impending disaster but not disabling as with ANXIETY DISORDERS.	2.6	1	0
Gastric Ulcer [description not available]	7.81	3	0
Obesity A status with BODY WEIGHT that is grossly above the recommended standards, usually due to accumulation of excess FATS in the body. The standards may vary with age, sex, genetic or cultural background. In the BODY MASS INDEX, a BMI greater than 30.0 kg/m2 is considered obese, and a BMI greater than 40.0 kg/m2 is considered morbidly obese (MORBID OBESITY).	10.33	5	0
Stomach Ulcer Ulceration of the GASTRIC MUCOSA due to contact with GASTRIC JUICE. It is often associated with HELICOBACTER PYLORI infection or consumption of nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDS).	2.81	3	0
Ulcer A lesion on the surface of the skin or a mucous surface, produced by the sloughing of inflammatory necrotic tissue.	7.6	1	0
Endomyometritis Inflammation of both the ENDOMETRIUM and the MYOMETRIUM, usually caused by infections after a CESAREAN SECTION.	2.6	1	0
Endometritis Inflammation of the ENDOMETRIUM, usually caused by intrauterine infections. Endometritis is the most common cause of postpartum fever.	7.6	1	0
Tick Infestations Infestations with soft-bodied (Argasidae) or hard-bodied (Ixodidae) ticks.	2.6	1	0
Benign Neoplasms [description not available]	2.88	4	0
Neoplasms New abnormal growth of tissue. Malignant neoplasms show a greater degree of anaplasia and have the properties of invasion and metastasis, compared to benign neoplasms.	2.88	4	0
Craniofacial Pain [description not available]	2.6	1	0
Allodynia [description not available]	3.12	4	0
Facial Pain Pain in the facial region including orofacial pain and craniofacial pain. Associated conditions include local inflammatory and neoplastic disorders and neuralgic syndromes involving the trigeminal, facial, and glossopharyngeal nerves. Conditions which feature recurrent or persistent facial pain as the primary manifestation of disease are referred to as FACIAL PAIN SYNDROMES.	2.6	1	0
Malignant Melanoma [description not available]	3.93	4	0
Melanoma A malignant neoplasm derived from cells that are capable of forming melanin, which may occur in the skin of any part of the body, in the eye, or, rarely, in the mucous membranes of the genitalia, anus, oral cavity, or other sites. It occurs mostly in adults and may originate de novo or from a pigmented nevus or malignant lentigo. Melanomas frequently metastasize widely, and the regional lymph nodes, liver, lungs, and brain are likely to be involved. The incidence of malignant skin melanomas is rising rapidly in all parts of the world. (Stedman, 25th ed; from Rook et al., Textbook of Dermatology, 4th ed, p2445)	3.93	4	0
Dehydration The condition that results from excessive loss of water from a living organism.	2.6	1	0
Allergic Contact Dermatitis [description not available]	11.18	19	0
Dermatitis, Allergic Contact A contact dermatitis due to allergic sensitization to various substances. These substances subsequently produce inflammatory reactions in the skin of those who have acquired hypersensitivity to them as a result of prior exposure.	6.18	19	0
Necrotizing Enterocolitis [description not available]	2.25	1	0
Cronobacter Infections [description not available]	2.9	3	0
Enterobacteriaceae Infections Infections with bacteria of the family ENTEROBACTERIACEAE.	2.9	3	0
Enterocolitis, Necrotizing ENTEROCOLITIS with extensive ulceration (ULCER) and NECROSIS. It is observed primarily in LOW BIRTH WEIGHT INFANT.	2.25	1	0
Group A Strep Infection [description not available]	2.21	1	0
Streptococcal Infections Infections with bacteria of the genus STREPTOCOCCUS.	2.21	1	0
Adjuvant Arthritis [description not available]	2.25	1	0
Ache [description not available]	2.25	1	0
Pain An unpleasant sensation induced by noxious stimuli which are detected by NERVE ENDINGS of NOCICEPTIVE NEURONS.	2.25	1	0
Besnoitiasis [description not available]	2.25	1	0
Poultry Diseases Diseases of birds which are raised as a source of meat or eggs for human consumption and are usually found in barnyards, hatcheries, etc. The concept is differentiated from BIRD DISEASES which is for diseases of birds not considered poultry and usually found in zoos, parks, and the wild.	4.29	3	1
Cancer of Prostate [description not available]	2.52	2	0
Prostatic Neoplasms Tumors or cancer of the PROSTATE.	2.52	2	0
Hepatocellular Carcinoma [description not available]	7.37	2	0
Experimental Hepatoma [description not available]	2.37	2	0
Carcinoma, Hepatocellular A primary malignant neoplasm of epithelial liver cells. It ranges from a well-differentiated tumor with EPITHELIAL CELLS indistinguishable from normal HEPATOCYTES to a poorly differentiated neoplasm. The cells may be uniform or markedly pleomorphic, or form GIANT CELLS. Several classification schemes have been suggested.	2.37	2	0
Breast Cancer [description not available]	3.56	7	0
Cancer of Lung [description not available]	2.25	1	0
Invasiveness, Neoplasm [description not available]	2.63	2	0
Breast Neoplasms Tumors or cancer of the human BREAST.	3.56	7	0
Lung Neoplasms Tumors or cancer of the LUNG.	2.25	1	0
Genetic Predisposition [description not available]	3.17	1	0
Overweight A status with BODY WEIGHT that is above certain standards. In the scale of BODY MASS INDEX, overweight is defined as having a BMI of 25.0-29.9 kg/m2. Overweight may or may not be due to increases in body fat (ADIPOSE TISSUE), hence overweight does not equal over fat.	3.17	1	0
Abdominal Obesity [description not available]	3.17	1	0
2019 Novel Coronavirus Disease [description not available]	5.11	4	0
Diabetes Mellitus, Adult-Onset [description not available]	3.45	2	0
Cholera Infantum [description not available]	3.17	1	0
Addiction, Opioid [description not available]	3.17	1	0
Cancer of Endometrium [description not available]	3.17	1	0
Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 A subclass of DIABETES MELLITUS that is not INSULIN-responsive or dependent (NIDDM). It is characterized initially by INSULIN RESISTANCE and HYPERINSULINEMIA; and eventually by GLUCOSE INTOLERANCE; HYPERGLYCEMIA; and overt diabetes. Type II diabetes mellitus is no longer considered a disease exclusively found in adults. Patients seldom develop KETOSIS but often exhibit OBESITY.	3.45	2	0
Diarrhea An increased liquidity or decreased consistency of FECES, such as running stool. Fecal consistency is related to the ratio of water-holding capacity of insoluble solids to total water, rather than the amount of water present. Diarrhea is not hyperdefecation or increased fecal weight.	3.17	1	0
Opioid-Related Disorders Disorders related to or resulting from abuse or misuse of OPIOIDS.	3.17	1	0
Endometrial Neoplasms Tumors or cancer of ENDOMETRIUM, the mucous lining of the UTERUS. These neoplasms can be benign or malignant. Their classification and grading are based on the various cell types and the percent of undifferentiated cells.	3.17	1	0
Rhabdomyosarcoma A malignant solid tumor arising from mesenchymal tissues which normally differentiate to form striated muscle. It can occur in a wide variety of sites. It is divided into four distinct types: pleomorphic, predominantly in male adults; alveolar (RHABDOMYOSARCOMA, ALVEOLAR), mainly in adolescents and young adults; embryonal (RHABDOMYOSARCOMA, EMBRYONAL), predominantly in infants and children; and botryoidal, also in young children. It is one of the most frequently occurring soft tissue sarcomas and the most common in children under 15. (From Dorland, 27th ed; Holland et al., Cancer Medicine, 3d ed, p2186; DeVita Jr et al., Cancer: Principles & Practice of Oncology, 3d ed, pp1647-9)	7.31	1	0
Preterm Birth [description not available]	7.31	1	0
Pregnancy The status during which female mammals carry their developing young (EMBRYOS or FETUSES) in utero before birth, beginning from FERTILIZATION to BIRTH.	3.36	7	0
Premature Birth CHILDBIRTH before 37 weeks of PREGNANCY (259 days from the first day of the mother's last menstrual period, or 245 days after FERTILIZATION).	2.31	1	0
Absence Status [description not available]	2.31	1	0
Status Epilepticus A prolonged seizure or seizures repeated frequently enough to prevent recovery between episodes occurring over a period of 20-30 minutes. The most common subtype is generalized tonic-clonic status epilepticus, a potentially fatal condition associated with neuronal injury and respiratory and metabolic dysfunction. Nonconvulsive forms include petit mal status and complex partial status, which may manifest as behavioral disturbances. Simple partial status epilepticus consists of persistent motor, sensory, or autonomic seizures that do not impair cognition (see also EPILEPSIA PARTIALIS CONTINUA). Subclinical status epilepticus generally refers to seizures occurring in an unresponsive or comatose individual in the absence of overt signs of seizure activity. (From N Engl J Med 1998 Apr 2;338(14):970-6; Neurologia 1997 Dec;12 Suppl 6:25-30)	2.31	1	0
E coli Infections [description not available]	2.31	1	0
Escherichia coli Infections Infections with bacteria of the species ESCHERICHIA COLI.	2.31	1	0
Absence Seizure [description not available]	2.55	2	0
Seizures Clinical or subclinical disturbances of cortical function due to a sudden, abnormal, excessive, and disorganized discharge of brain cells. Clinical manifestations include abnormal motor, sensory and psychic phenomena. Recurrent seizures are usually referred to as EPILEPSY or seizure disorder.	7.55	2	0
B16 Melanoma [description not available]	2.15	1	0
Pyrexia [description not available]	2.15	1	0
Fever An abnormal elevation of body temperature, usually as a result of a pathologic process.	2.15	1	0
Colorectal Cancer [description not available]	7.55	2	0
Colorectal Neoplasms Tumors or cancer of the COLON or the RECTUM or both. Risk factors for colorectal cancer include chronic ULCERATIVE COLITIS; FAMILIAL POLYPOSIS COLI; exposure to ASBESTOS; and irradiation of the CERVIX UTERI.	2.55	2	0
Disease Exacerbation [description not available]	2.17	1	0
Acute Liver Injury, Drug-Induced [description not available]	2.58	2	0
Chemical and Drug Induced Liver Injury A spectrum of clinical liver diseases ranging from mild biochemical abnormalities to ACUTE LIVER FAILURE, caused by drugs, drug metabolites, herbal and dietary supplements and chemicals from the environment.	2.58	2	0
Fungal Diseases [description not available]	2.17	1	0
Mycoses Diseases caused by FUNGI.	2.17	1	0
Alloxan Diabetes [description not available]	2.17	1	0
Hyperlipemia [description not available]	2.17	1	0
Insulin Sensitivity [description not available]	2.17	1	0
Hyperlipidemias Conditions with excess LIPIDS in the blood.	2.17	1	0
Insulin Resistance Diminished effectiveness of INSULIN in lowering blood sugar levels: requiring the use of 200 units or more of insulin per day to prevent HYPERGLYCEMIA or KETOSIS.	2.17	1	0
Anesthesia A state characterized by loss of feeling or sensation. This depression of nerve function is usually the result of pharmacologic action and is induced to allow performance of surgery or other painful procedures.	7.21	1	0
Food Poisoning [description not available]	2.17	1	0
Facial Dermatoses Skin diseases involving the FACE.	2.21	1	0
Dermatitis, Occupational A recurrent contact dermatitis caused by substances found in the work place.	2.73	3	0
Hand Dermatosis [description not available]	3.27	6	0
Leg Dermatoses A nonspecific term used to denote any cutaneous lesion or group of lesions, or eruptions of any type on the leg. (From Stedman, 25th ed)	2.21	1	0
Hand Dermatoses Skin diseases involving the HANDS.	3.27	6	0
Muscle Relaxation That phase of a muscle twitch during which a muscle returns to a resting position.	2.21	1	0
Alcohol Related Neurodevelopmental Disorder [description not available]	2.21	1	0
Cancer of Stomach [description not available]	2.21	1	0
Stomach Neoplasms Tumors or cancer of the STOMACH.	2.21	1	0
Carcinoma, Epidermoid [description not available]	2.21	1	0
Keratoderma Blennorrhagicum [description not available]	2.21	1	0
Cancer of Skin [description not available]	2.7	3	0
Carcinoma, Squamous Cell A carcinoma derived from stratified SQUAMOUS EPITHELIAL CELLS. It may also occur in sites where glandular or columnar epithelium is normally present. (From Stedman, 25th ed)	2.21	1	0
Keratosis Any horny growth such as a wart or callus.	2.21	1	0
Skin Neoplasms Tumors or cancer of the SKIN.	2.7	3	0
Muscle Contraction A process leading to shortening and/or development of tension in muscle tissue. Muscle contraction occurs by a sliding filament mechanism whereby actin filaments slide inward among the myosin filaments.	2.96	4	0
Respiratory Tract Diseases Diseases involving the RESPIRATORY SYSTEM.	2.08	1	0
Focal Segmental Glomerulosclerosis [description not available]	7.08	1	0
Glomerulosclerosis, Focal Segmental A clinicopathological syndrome or diagnostic term for a type of glomerular injury that has multiple causes, primary or secondary. Clinical features include PROTEINURIA, reduced GLOMERULAR FILTRATION RATE, and EDEMA. Kidney biopsy initially indicates focal segmental glomerular consolidation (hyalinosis) or scarring which can progress to globally sclerotic glomeruli leading to eventual KIDNEY FAILURE.	2.08	1	0
Infections, Listeria [description not available]	2.5	2	0
Infections, Salmonella [description not available]	2.1	1	0
Astrocytoma, Grade IV [description not available]	2.1	1	0
Glioblastoma A malignant form of astrocytoma histologically characterized by pleomorphism of cells, nuclear atypia, microhemorrhage, and necrosis. They may arise in any region of the central nervous system, with a predilection for the cerebral hemispheres, basal ganglia, and commissural pathways. Clinical presentation most frequently occurs in the fifth or sixth decade of life with focal neurologic signs or seizures.	2.1	1	0
Pain, Chronic [description not available]	2.1	1	0
Nerve Pain [description not available]	2.1	1	0
Acute Post-operative Pain [description not available]	2.1	1	0
Neuralgia Intense or aching pain that occurs along the course or distribution of a peripheral or cranial nerve.	2.1	1	0
Pain, Postoperative Pain during the period after surgery.	2.1	1	0
Chronic Pain Aching sensation that persists for more than a few months. It may or may not be associated with trauma or disease, and may persist after the initial injury has healed. Its localization, character, and timing are more vague than with acute pain.	7.1	1	0
Acute Pain Intensely discomforting, distressful, or agonizing sensation associated with trauma or disease, with well-defined location, character, and timing.	2.1	1	0
Caliciviridae Infections Virus diseases caused by CALICIVIRIDAE. They include HEPATITIS E; VESICULAR EXANTHEMA OF SWINE; acute respiratory infections in felines, rabbit hemorrhagic disease, and some cases of gastroenteritis in humans.	2.1	1	0
Infections, Legionella pneumophila [description not available]	2.1	1	0
African Lymphoma [description not available]	2.11	1	0
Burkitt Lymphoma A form of undifferentiated malignant LYMPHOMA usually found in central Africa, but also reported in other parts of the world. It is commonly manifested as a large osteolytic lesion in the jaw or as an abdominal mass. B-cell antigens are expressed on the immature cells that make up the tumor in virtually all cases of Burkitt lymphoma. The Epstein-Barr virus (HERPESVIRUS 4, HUMAN) has been isolated from Burkitt lymphoma cases in Africa and it is implicated as the causative agent in these cases; however, most non-African cases are EBV-negative.	2.11	1	0
Lung Injury, Acute [description not available]	2.11	1	0
Acute Lung Injury A condition of lung damage that is characterized by bilateral pulmonary infiltrates (PULMONARY EDEMA) rich in NEUTROPHILS, and in the absence of clinical HEART FAILURE. This can represent a spectrum of pulmonary lesions, endothelial and epithelial, due to numerous factors (physical, chemical, or biological).	7.11	1	0
Moniliasis, Oral [description not available]	2.11	1	0
Candidiasis, Oral Infection of the mucous membranes of the mouth by a fungus of the genus CANDIDA. (Dorland, 27th ed)	2.11	1	0
Neuroblastoma A common neoplasm of early childhood arising from neural crest cells in the sympathetic nervous system, and characterized by diverse clinical behavior, ranging from spontaneous remission to rapid metastatic progression and death. This tumor is the most common intraabdominal malignancy of childhood, but it may also arise from thorax, neck, or rarely occur in the central nervous system. Histologic features include uniform round cells with hyperchromatic nuclei arranged in nests and separated by fibrovascular septa. Neuroblastomas may be associated with the opsoclonus-myoclonus syndrome. (From DeVita et al., Cancer: Principles and Practice of Oncology, 5th ed, pp2099-2101; Curr Opin Oncol 1998 Jan;10(1):43-51)	2.11	1	0
Glomerulonephritis, Lupus [description not available]	2.11	1	0
Lupus Nephritis Glomerulonephritis associated with autoimmune disease SYSTEMIC LUPUS ERYTHEMATOSUS. Lupus nephritis is histologically classified into 6 classes: class I - normal glomeruli, class II - pure mesangial alterations, class III - focal segmental glomerulonephritis, class IV - diffuse glomerulonephritis, class V - diffuse membranous glomerulonephritis, and class VI - advanced sclerosing glomerulonephritis (The World Health Organization classification 1982).	7.11	1	0
Primary Peritonitis [description not available]	2.13	1	0
Peritonitis INFLAMMATION of the PERITONEUM lining the ABDOMINAL CAVITY as the result of infectious, autoimmune, or chemical processes. Primary peritonitis is due to infection of the PERITONEAL CAVITY via hematogenous or lymphatic spread and without intra-abdominal source. Secondary peritonitis arises from the ABDOMINAL CAVITY itself through RUPTURE or ABSCESS of intra-abdominal organs.	2.13	1	0
Clostridioides difficile Infection [description not available]	3.51	1	1
Clostridium Infections Infections with bacteria of the genus CLOSTRIDIUM and closely related CLOSTRIDIOIDES species.	3.51	1	1
Enteritis Inflammation of any segment of the SMALL INTESTINE.	8.51	1	1
Necrosis The death of cells in an organ or tissue due to disease, injury or failure of the blood supply.	3.85	2	1
Dermatitis, Contact, Phototoxic [description not available]	2.13	1	0
Caries, Dental [description not available]	2.13	1	0
Dental Caries Localized destruction of the tooth surface initiated by decalcification of the enamel followed by enzymatic lysis of organic structures and leading to cavity formation. If left unchecked, the cavity may penetrate the enamel and dentin and reach the pulp.	2.13	1	0
Anasarca [description not available]	2.45	2	0
Edema Abnormal fluid accumulation in TISSUES or body cavities. Most cases of edema are present under the SKIN in SUBCUTANEOUS TISSUE.	2.45	2	0
Anaplastic Astrocytoma [description not available]	2.05	1	0
Astrocytoma Neoplasms of the brain and spinal cord derived from glial cells which vary from histologically benign forms to highly anaplastic and malignant tumors. Fibrillary astrocytomas are the most common type and may be classified in order of increasing malignancy (grades I through IV). In the first two decades of life, astrocytomas tend to originate in the cerebellar hemispheres; in adults, they most frequently arise in the cerebrum and frequently undergo malignant transformation. (From Devita et al., Cancer: Principles and Practice of Oncology, 5th ed, pp2013-7; Holland et al., Cancer Medicine, 3d ed, p1082)	2.05	1	0
Body Weight The mass or quantity of heaviness of an individual. It is expressed by units of pounds or kilograms.	3.25	6	0
Contact Dermatitis [description not available]	7.9	4	0
Dermatitis, Contact A type of acute or chronic skin reaction in which sensitivity is manifested by reactivity to materials or substances coming in contact with the skin. It may involve allergic or non-allergic mechanisms.	2.9	4	0
Hyperplasia An increase in the number of cells in a tissue or organ without tumor formation. It differs from HYPERTROPHY, which is an increase in bulk without an increase in the number of cells.	7.89	4	0
Gastric Diseases [description not available]	2.05	1	0
Pediculosis [description not available]	2.06	1	0
Aging The gradual irreversible changes in structure and function of an organism that occur as a result of the passage of time.	2.72	3	0
Lice Infestations Parasitic attack or subsistence on the skin by members of the order Phthiraptera, especially on humans by Pediculus humanus of the family Pediculidae. The hair of the head, eyelashes, and pubis is a frequent site of infestation. (From Dorland, 28th ed; Stedman, 26th ed)	2.06	1	0
Mastitis, Bovine INFLAMMATION of the UDDER in cows.	2.06	1	0
Hematochezia The passage of bright red blood from the rectum. The blood may or may not be mixed with formed stool in the form of blood, blood clots, bloody stool or diarrhea.	2.05	1	0
Gastrointestinal Hemorrhage Bleeding in any segment of the GASTROINTESTINAL TRACT from ESOPHAGUS to RECTUM.	2.05	1	0
Candida Infection [description not available]	2.06	1	0
Candidiasis Infection with a fungus of the genus CANDIDA. It is usually a superficial infection of the moist areas of the body and is generally caused by CANDIDA ALBICANS. (Dorland, 27th ed)	2.06	1	0
Abdominal Migraine [description not available]	4.37	1	1
Migraine Disorders A class of disabling primary headache disorders, characterized by recurrent unilateral pulsatile headaches. The two major subtypes are common migraine (without aura) and classic migraine (with aura or neurological symptoms). (International Classification of Headache Disorders, 2nd ed. Cephalalgia 2004: suppl 1)	4.37	1	1
Sensitivity and Specificity Binary classification measures to assess test results. Sensitivity or recall rate is the proportion of true positives. Specificity is the probability of correctly determining the absence of a condition. (From Last, Dictionary of Epidemiology, 2d ed)	2.93	4	0
Experimental Neoplasms [description not available]	3.05	5	0
Germinoblastoma [description not available]	2.01	1	0
Lymphoma A general term for various neoplastic diseases of the lymphoid tissue.	2.01	1	0
Colonic Diseases, Functional Chronic or recurrent colonic disorders without an identifiable structural or biochemical explanation. The widely recognized IRRITABLE BOWEL SYNDROME falls into this category.	2.01	1	0
Cancer of Liver [description not available]	1.93	1	0
Liver Neoplasms Tumors or cancer of the LIVER.	1.93	1	0
EHS Tumor [description not available]	1.93	1	0
Intraocular Pressure The pressure of the fluids in the eye.	2.34	2	0
Trichomoniasis, Human [description not available]	1.93	1	0
Trichomonas Vaginitis Inflammation of the vagina, marked by a purulent discharge. This disease is caused by the protozoan TRICHOMONAS VAGINALIS.	1.93	1	0
Delayed Postpartum Hemorrhage [description not available]	1.94	1	0
Infection, Puerperal [description not available]	1.94	1	0
Postpartum Hemorrhage Excess blood loss from uterine bleeding associated with OBSTETRIC LABOR or CHILDBIRTH. It is defined as blood loss greater than 500 ml or of the amount that adversely affects the maternal physiology, such as BLOOD PRESSURE and HEMATOCRIT. Postpartum hemorrhage is divided into two categories, immediate (within first 24 hours after birth) or delayed (after 24 hours postpartum).	1.94	1	0
Carcinoma, Anaplastic [description not available]	2.34	2	0
Carcinoma A malignant neoplasm made up of epithelial cells tending to infiltrate the surrounding tissues and give rise to metastases. It is a histological type of neoplasm and not a synonym for cancer.	2.34	2	0
Breast Diseases Pathological processes of the BREAST.	1.93	1	0
Eye Disorders [description not available]	1.93	1	0
Eye Diseases Diseases affecting the eye.	1.93	1	0
Glaucoma An ocular disease, occurring in many forms, having as its primary characteristics an unstable or a sustained increase in the intraocular pressure which the eye cannot withstand without damage to its structure or impairment of its function. The consequences of the increased pressure may be manifested in a variety of symptoms, depending upon type and severity, such as excavation of the optic disk, hardness of the eyeball, corneal anesthesia, reduced visual acuity, seeing of colored halos around lights, disturbed dark adaptation, visual field defects, and headaches. (Dictionary of Visual Science, 4th ed)	2.33	2	0
Sarcoma, Epithelioid [description not available]	1.92	1	0
Reticulum Cell-Like Sarcoma, Yoshida [description not available]	1.92	1	0
Sarcoma A connective tissue neoplasm formed by proliferation of mesodermal cells; it is usually highly malignant.	6.92	1	0
Blood Pressure, High [description not available]	1.92	1	0
Hypertension Persistently high systemic arterial BLOOD PRESSURE. Based on multiple readings (BLOOD PRESSURE DETERMINATION), hypertension is currently defined as when SYSTOLIC PRESSURE is consistently greater than 140 mm Hg or when DIASTOLIC PRESSURE is consistently 90 mm Hg or more.	6.92	1	0
Craniofacial Abnormalities Congenital structural deformities, malformations, or other abnormalities of the cranium and facial bones.	2.02	1	0
Chromosome-Defective Micronuclei [description not available]	2.03	1	0
Anisakiasis Infection with roundworms of the genus ANISAKIS. Human infection results from the consumption of fish harboring roundworm larvae. The worms may cause acute NAUSEA; VOMITING; or penetrate into the wall of the DIGESTIVE TRACT where they give rise to EOSINOPHILIC GRANULOMA in the STOMACH; INTESTINES; or the OMENTUM.	2.03	1	0
Barrett Epithelium [description not available]	2.03	1	0
Barrett Esophagus A condition with damage to the lining of the lower ESOPHAGUS resulting from chronic acid reflux (ESOPHAGITIS, REFLUX). Through the process of metaplasia, the squamous cells are replaced by a columnar epithelium with cells resembling those of the INTESTINE or the salmon-pink mucosa of the STOMACH. Barrett's columnar epithelium is a marker for severe reflux and precursor to ADENOCARCINOMA of the esophagus.	2.03	1	0
Cheilitis Inflammation of the lips. It is of various etiologies and degrees of pathology.	2.03	1	0
Delayed Hypersensitivity [description not available]	2.36	2	0
Extravascular Hemolysis [description not available]	2.37	2	0
Hemolysis The destruction of ERYTHROCYTES by many different causal agents such as antibodies, bacteria, chemicals, temperature, and changes in tonicity.	2.37	2	0
Delayed Effects, Prenatal Exposure [description not available]	1.96	1	0
Abnormalities, Drug-Induced Congenital abnormalities caused by medicinal substances or drugs of abuse given to or taken by the mother, or to which she is inadvertently exposed during the manufacture of such substances. The concept excludes abnormalities resulting from exposure to non-medicinal chemicals in the environment.	2.89	4	0
Allergy, Drug [description not available]	1.95	1	0
Drug Hypersensitivity Immunologically mediated adverse reactions to medicinal substances used legally or illegally.	1.95	1	0
Fetal Growth Restriction [description not available]	1.98	1	0
Fetal Growth Retardation Failure of a FETUS to attain expected GROWTH.	1.98	1	0
Dermatitis, Irritant A non-allergic contact dermatitis caused by prolonged exposure to irritants and not explained by delayed hypersensitivity mechanisms.	2.39	2	0
Adenoma, Prostatic [description not available]	3.23	6	0
Acute Bacterial Prostatitis [description not available]	1.99	1	0
Prostatic Hyperplasia Increase in constituent cells in the PROSTATE, leading to enlargement of the organ (hypertrophy) and adverse impact on the lower urinary tract function. This can be caused by increased rate of cell proliferation, reduced rate of cell death, or both.	3.23	6	0
Prostatitis Infiltration of inflammatory cells into the parenchyma of PROSTATE. The subtypes are classified by their varied laboratory analysis, clinical presentation and response to treatment.	1.99	1	0
Acrania [description not available]	2	1	0
Deficiency, Vitamin A [description not available]	2.41	2	0
Neural Tube Defects Congenital malformations of the central nervous system and adjacent structures related to defective neural tube closure during the first trimester of pregnancy generally occurring between days 18-29 of gestation. Ectodermal and mesodermal malformations (mainly involving the skull and vertebrae) may occur as a result of defects of neural tube closure. (From Joynt, Clinical Neurology, 1992, Ch55, pp31-41)	2	1	0
Vitamin A Deficiency A nutritional condition produced by a deficiency of VITAMIN A in the diet, characterized by NIGHT BLINDNESS and other ocular manifestations such as dryness of the conjunctiva and later of the cornea (XEROPHTHALMIA). Vitamin A deficiency is a very common problem worldwide, particularly in developing countries as a consequence of famine or shortages of vitamin A-rich foods. In the United States it is found among the urban poor, the elderly, alcoholics, and patients with malabsorption. (From Cecil Textbook of Medicine, 19th ed, p1179)	2.41	2	0
Nerve Degeneration Loss of functional activity and trophic degeneration of nerve axons and their terminal arborizations following the destruction of their cells of origin or interruption of their continuity with these cells. The pathology is characteristic of neurodegenerative diseases. Often the process of nerve degeneration is studied in research on neuroanatomical localization and correlation of the neurophysiology of neural pathways.	2	1	0
Microphthalmia [description not available]	1.95	1	0
Respiration Disorders Diseases of the respiratory system in general or unspecified or for a specific respiratory disease not available.	1.98	1	0
Abnormalities, Multiple Congenital abnormalities that affect more than one organ or body structure.	1.98	1	0
Fetal Resorption The disintegration and assimilation of the dead FETUS in the UTERUS at any stage after the completion of organogenesis which, in humans, is after the 9th week of GESTATION. It does not include embryo resorption (see EMBRYO LOSS).	1.98	1	0
Brain Embolism and Thrombosis [description not available]	2.89	1	0
Coronary Heart Disease [description not available]	1.96	1	0
Coronary Disease An imbalance between myocardial functional requirements and the capacity of the CORONARY VESSELS to supply sufficient blood flow. It is a form of MYOCARDIAL ISCHEMIA (insufficient blood supply to the heart muscle) caused by a decreased capacity of the coronary vessels.	1.96	1	0
Adolescent Gynecomastia [description not available]	1.97	1	0
Hypergonadotropic Hypogonadism [description not available]	1.97	1	0
Gynecomastia Enlargement of the BREAST in the males, caused by an excess of ESTROGENS. Physiological gynecomastia is normally observed in NEWBORNS; ADOLESCENT; and AGING males.	1.97	1	0
Hypogonadism Condition resulting from deficient gonadal functions, such as GAMETOGENESIS and the production of GONADAL STEROID HORMONES. It is characterized by delay in GROWTH, germ cell maturation, and development of secondary sex characteristics. Hypogonadism can be due to a deficiency of GONADOTROPINS (hypogonadotropic hypogonadism) or due to primary gonadal failure (hypergonadotropic hypogonadism).	1.97	1	0
Enlarged Liver [description not available]	1.97	1	0
Adhesions, Tissue [description not available]	1.95	1	0
Peritoneal Diseases Pathological processes involving the PERITONEUM.	1.95	1	0
Complication, Postoperative [description not available]	1.95	1	0
Postoperative Complications Pathologic processes that affect patients after a surgical procedure. They may or may not be related to the disease for which the surgery was done, and they may or may not be direct results of the surgery.	1.95	1	0

citral

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Occurs in Manufacturing (75 Product(s))

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citral

Description

Cross-References

Synonyms (130)

Research Excerpts

Toxicity

Compound-Compound Interactions

Bioavailability

Dosage Studied

Occurs in Manufacturing (75 Product(s))

Product Categories

Products

Roles (2)

Drug Classes (3)

Pathways (4)

Protein Targets (9)

Potency Measurements

Bioassays (22)

Research

Studies (577)

Study Types

Related Drugs (531)

Related Conditions (229)