positive regulation of transcription by RNA polymerase II

Definition

Target type: biologicalprocess

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of transcription from an RNA polymerase II promoter. [GOC:go_curators, GOC:txnOH]

Positive regulation of transcription by RNA polymerase II is a complex and tightly regulated process that involves a multitude of proteins and regulatory elements. It is essential for the expression of protein-coding genes, which are transcribed from DNA into mRNA by RNA polymerase II. The process begins with the binding of transcription factors (TFs) to specific DNA sequences called promoters, which are located upstream of the gene. These TFs can be either activators or repressors, depending on their effects on transcription. Activator TFs promote transcription by recruiting other proteins, such as coactivators, which help assemble the pre-initiation complex (PIC) at the promoter. The PIC is a multi-protein complex that includes RNA polymerase II, general transcription factors (GTFs), and other regulatory factors. Once the PIC is assembled, RNA polymerase II can initiate transcription. However, the process is further regulated by additional factors, including chromatin remodeling complexes, histone modifications, and other signaling pathways. Chromatin remodeling complexes alter the structure of chromatin, making the DNA more accessible to transcription factors. Histone modifications, such as acetylation and methylation, can affect the accessibility of DNA and the recruitment of specific proteins. Signaling pathways can also influence the activity of transcription factors and other regulatory proteins, leading to changes in gene expression. In summary, positive regulation of transcription by RNA polymerase II involves a complex interplay of factors that ultimately control the rate of gene expression. This process is essential for normal cellular function and is disrupted in a variety of diseases.'
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Proteins (270)

Compounds (6,246)