An EC 1.21.3.* (oxidoreductase acting on X-H and Y-H to form an X-Y bond, with oxygen as acceptor) inhibitor that interferes with the action of reticuline oxidase (EC 1.21.3.3, previously EC 1.5.3.9).
ChEBI ID: 77110
| Member | Definition | Class |
|---|---|---|
| berberine | berberine |
| Timeframe | Studies, Drugs with This Role(%) | All Drugs % |
|---|---|---|
| pre-1990 | 219 (5.45) | 18.7374 |
| 1990's | 262 (6.52) | 18.2507 |
| 2000's | 617 (15.36) | 29.6817 |
| 2010's | 1,874 (46.64) | 24.3611 |
| 2020's | 1,046 (26.03) | 2.80 |
| Publication Type | Studies, Drugs with this Role (%) | All Drugs (%) |
|---|---|---|
| Trials | 102 (2.48%) | 5.53% |
| Reviews | 297 (7.23%) | 6.00% |
| Case Studies | 7 (0.17%) | 4.05% |
| Observational | 0 (0.00%) | 0.25% |
| Other | 3,700 (90.11%) | 84.16% |
| Protein | Taxonomy | Measurement | Average (mM) | Bioassay(s) | Drugs |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| aldehyde dehydrogenase 1 family, member A1 | Homo sapiens (human) | Potency | 44.6684 | 1 | 1 |
| Chain A, Putative fructose-1,6-bisphosphate aldolase | Giardia intestinalis | Potency | 6.5656 | 1 | 2 |
| cytochrome P450 2D6 isoform 1 | Homo sapiens (human) | Potency | 2.5119 | 1 | 1 |
| cytochrome P450 3A4 isoform 1 | Homo sapiens (human) | Potency | 12.5893 | 2 | 2 |
| EWS/FLI fusion protein | Homo sapiens (human) | Potency | 8.3572 | 4 | 4 |
| Fumarate hydratase | Homo sapiens (human) | Potency | 33.1734 | 1 | 1 |
| GABA theta subunit | Rattus norvegicus (Norway rat) | Potency | 12.5893 | 1 | 1 |
| Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit alpha-1 | Rattus norvegicus (Norway rat) | Potency | 12.5893 | 1 | 1 |
| Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit alpha-2 | Rattus norvegicus (Norway rat) | Potency | 12.5893 | 1 | 1 |
| Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit alpha-3 | Rattus norvegicus (Norway rat) | Potency | 12.5893 | 1 | 1 |
| Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit alpha-4 | Rattus norvegicus (Norway rat) | Potency | 12.5893 | 1 | 1 |
| Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit alpha-5 | Rattus norvegicus (Norway rat) | Potency | 12.5893 | 1 | 1 |
| Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit alpha-6 | Rattus norvegicus (Norway rat) | Potency | 12.5893 | 1 | 1 |
| Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit beta-1 | Rattus norvegicus (Norway rat) | Potency | 12.5893 | 1 | 1 |
| Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit beta-2 | Rattus norvegicus (Norway rat) | Potency | 12.5893 | 1 | 1 |
| Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit beta-3 | Rattus norvegicus (Norway rat) | Potency | 12.5893 | 1 | 1 |
| Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit delta | Rattus norvegicus (Norway rat) | Potency | 12.5893 | 1 | 1 |
| Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit epsilon | Rattus norvegicus (Norway rat) | Potency | 12.5893 | 1 | 1 |
| Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit gamma-1 | Rattus norvegicus (Norway rat) | Potency | 12.5893 | 1 | 1 |
| Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit gamma-2 | Rattus norvegicus (Norway rat) | Potency | 12.5893 | 1 | 1 |
| Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit gamma-3 | Rattus norvegicus (Norway rat) | Potency | 12.5893 | 1 | 1 |
| Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit pi | Rattus norvegicus (Norway rat) | Potency | 12.5893 | 1 | 1 |
| hypoxia-inducible factor 1, alpha subunit (basic helix-loop-helix transcription factor) | Homo sapiens (human) | Potency | 2.5119 | 2 | 2 |
| Inositol monophosphatase 1 | Rattus norvegicus (Norway rat) | Potency | 10.4304 | 2 | 2 |
| Interferon beta | Homo sapiens (human) | Potency | 10.4353 | 1 | 3 |
| Microtubule-associated protein tau | Homo sapiens (human) | Potency | 12.5893 | 1 | 1 |
| peripheral myelin protein 22 | Rattus norvegicus (Norway rat) | Potency | 6.2426 | 2 | 2 |
| polyprotein | Zika virus | Potency | 33.1734 | 1 | 1 |
| PPM1D protein | Homo sapiens (human) | Potency | 10.4353 | 1 | 2 |
| survival motor neuron protein isoform d | Homo sapiens (human) | Potency | 7.0795 | 1 | 1 |
| thyroid stimulating hormone receptor | Homo sapiens (human) | Potency | 12.5893 | 1 | 1 |
| Protein | Taxonomy | Measurement | Average (mM) | Bioassay(s) | Drugs |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Acetylcholinesterase | Electrophorus electricus (electric eel) | IC50 | 0.7827 | 3 | 3 |
| Acetylcholinesterase | Homo sapiens (human) | IC50 | 0.4000 | 2 | 2 |
| Aldo-keto reductase family 1 member C2 | Homo sapiens (human) | IC50 | 6.7100 | 1 | 1 |
| Aldo-keto reductase family 1 member C3 | Homo sapiens (human) | IC50 | 4.9900 | 2 | 2 |
| Cholinesterase | Equus caballus (horse) | IC50 | 15.2667 | 3 | 3 |
| Cholinesterase | Homo sapiens (human) | IC50 | 15.8950 | 2 | 2 |
| Cytochrome P450 1B1 | Homo sapiens (human) | IC50 | 0.9747 | 3 | 3 |
| Cytochrome P450 1B1 | Homo sapiens (human) | Ki | 0.0440 | 1 | 1 |
| Lysine-specific histone demethylase 1A | Homo sapiens (human) | IC50 | 6.9700 | 1 | 1 |
| Neuraminidase | Influenza A virus (A/USSR/90/1977(H1N1)) | IC50 | 35.3500 | 2 | 2 |
| Neuraminidase | Influenza A virus (A/Puerto Rico/8/1934(H1N1)) | Ki | 14.3000 | 1 | 1 |
| Potassium voltage-gated channel subfamily H member 2 | Homo sapiens (human) | IC50 | 66.0693 | 1 | 1 |
| Prolyl endopeptidase | Homo sapiens (human) | IC50 | 143.5000 | 2 | 2 |
| Telomerase reverse transcriptase | Homo sapiens (human) | IC50 | 37.0000 | 1 | 1 |
| Tyrosine-protein phosphatase non-receptor type 1 | Homo sapiens (human) | IC50 | 67.0000 | 1 | 1 |