Page last updated: 2024-08-05 14:48:49

phytotoxin

Any toxin produced by a plant.

ChEBI ID: 38231

Members (15)

MemberDefinitionClass
2,4-dihydroxy-1,4-benzoxazin-3-oneA lactol that consists of 1,4-benzoxazine bearing two hydroxy substituents at positions 2 and 4 as well as a keto group at position 3.DIBOA
3-methylthiopropionateA thia fatty acid acid consisting of propionic acid with a methylthio substituent at the 3-position; an intermediate in mammalian methionine metabolism in vitro. The simplest known phytotoxin, it is a blight-inducing toxin produced by the cassava pathogen Xanthomonas campestris manihotis.3-(methylthio)propionic acid
alpha-solanineA glycoalkaloid poison found in species of the nightshade family (Solanaceae), such as the potato (Solanum tuberosum). It is a trisccharide derivative of solanidine [(22beta)-solanid-5-en-3beta-ol].solanine
antofineAn organic heteropentacyclic compound that is (13aR)-9,11,12,13,13a,14-hexahydrodibenzo[f,h]pyrrolo[1,2-b]isoquinoline substituted at positions 2, 3 and 6 by methoxy groups. It is an alkaloid produced by relatives of the milkweed family and exhibits antiviral, anti-inflammatory, antiadipogenic and antitumorigenic activities.(-)-antofine
benzoylaconineA diterpene alkaloid with formula C32H45NO10 that is isolated from several Aconitum species.benzoylaconine
cercosporamideA member of the class of dibenzofurans that is a potent broad spectrum antifungal agent isolated from the fungus Cercosporidium henningsii.cercosporamide
cytisineAn organic heterotricyclic compound that is the toxic principle in Laburnum seeds and is found in many members of the Fabaceae (legume, pea or bean) family. An acetylcholine agonist, it is widely used throughout Eastern Europe as an aid to giving up smoking.cytisine
dehydrotomatineA steroid alkaloid that consists of tomatine which has undergone formal dehydrogenation across positions 5 and 6. Found in tomatoes.5,6-dehydrotomatine
grayanotoxin iA tetracyclic diterpenoid that is grayanotoxane in which the pro-R hydrogen at position 14 is substituted by an acetoxy group and in which the 3beta-, 5-, 6beta-, 10-, and 16- positions are substituted by hydroxy groups.grayanotoxin I
hc toxinA homodetic cyclic tetrapeptide made up from L-alanyl, D-alanyl, L-prolyl and 2-amino-8-oxo-9,10-epoxydecanoyl residues.HC toxin
miserotoxinA beta-D-glucoside having 3-nitropropyl as the anomeric alkyl group.miserotoxin
tomatineA steroid alkaloid that is tomatidine in which the hydroxy group at position 3 is linked to lycotetraose, a tetrasaccharide composed of two units of D-glucose, one unit of D-xylose, and one unit of D-galactose.tomatine
visnaginA furanochromone that is furo[3,2-g]chromen-5-one which is substituted at positions 4 and 7 by methoxy and methyl groups, respectively. Found in the toothpick-plant, Ammi visnaga.visnagin
vomifoliolA (6S)-vomifoliol with a R configuration for the hydroxy group at position 9.(6S,9R)-vomifoliol
yunaconitineA diterpene alkaloid with formula C35H49NO11 that is isolated from several Aconitum species.yunaconitine

Research

Studies (977)

TimeframeStudies, Drugs with This Role(%)All Drugs %
pre-1990120 (12.28)18.7374
1990's186 (19.04)18.2507
2000's257 (26.31)29.6817
2010's308 (31.53)24.3611
2020's106 (10.85)2.80

Study Types

Publication TypeStudies, Drugs with this Role (%)All Drugs (%)
Trials20 (1.93%)5.53%
Reviews63 (6.09%)6.00%
Case Studies24 (2.32%)4.05%
Observational3 (0.29%)0.25%
Other925 (89.37%)84.16%

Protein Targets (110)

Potency Measurements

ProteinTaxonomyMeasurementAverage (mM)Bioassay(s)Drugs
15-hydroxyprostaglandin dehydrogenase [NAD(+)] isoform 1Homo sapiens (human)Potency28.183811
67.9K proteinVaccinia virusPotency11.555324
AR proteinHomo sapiens (human)Potency6.601766
aryl hydrocarbon receptorHomo sapiens (human)Potency28.226222
ATAD5 protein, partialHomo sapiens (human)Potency32.642711
Ataxin-2Homo sapiens (human)Potency1.333311
ATPase family AAA domain-containing protein 5Homo sapiens (human)Potency1.333311
Cellular tumor antigen p53Homo sapiens (human)Potency8.979922
Chain A, 2-oxoglutarate OxygenaseHomo sapiens (human)Potency18.256312
Chain A, Beta-lactamaseEscherichia coli K-12Potency28.183811
Chain A, CruzipainTrypanosoma cruziPotency39.810711
chromobox protein homolog 1Homo sapiens (human)Potency50.118712
cytochrome P450 3A4 isoform 1Homo sapiens (human)Potency17.392624
cytochrome P450, family 19, subfamily A, polypeptide 1, isoform CRA_aHomo sapiens (human)Potency3.349111
estrogen nuclear receptor alphaHomo sapiens (human)Potency10.978377
euchromatic histone-lysine N-methyltransferase 2Homo sapiens (human)Potency79.432811
EWS/FLI fusion proteinHomo sapiens (human)Potency37.221211
flap endonuclease 1Homo sapiens (human)Potency79.432811
GABA theta subunitRattus norvegicus (Norway rat)Potency17.392612
Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit alpha-1Rattus norvegicus (Norway rat)Potency17.392612
Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit alpha-2Rattus norvegicus (Norway rat)Potency17.392612
Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit alpha-3Rattus norvegicus (Norway rat)Potency17.392612
Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit alpha-4Rattus norvegicus (Norway rat)Potency17.392612
Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit alpha-5Rattus norvegicus (Norway rat)Potency17.392612
Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit alpha-6Rattus norvegicus (Norway rat)Potency17.392612
Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit beta-1Rattus norvegicus (Norway rat)Potency17.392612
Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit beta-2Rattus norvegicus (Norway rat)Potency17.392612
Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit beta-3Rattus norvegicus (Norway rat)Potency17.392612
Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit deltaRattus norvegicus (Norway rat)Potency17.392612
Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit epsilonRattus norvegicus (Norway rat)Potency17.392612
Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit gamma-1Rattus norvegicus (Norway rat)Potency17.392612
Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit gamma-2Rattus norvegicus (Norway rat)Potency17.392612
Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit gamma-3Rattus norvegicus (Norway rat)Potency17.392612
Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit piRattus norvegicus (Norway rat)Potency17.392612
gemininHomo sapiens (human)Potency29.092911
glucocerebrosidaseHomo sapiens (human)Potency17.782811
glucocorticoid receptor [Homo sapiens]Homo sapiens (human)Potency5.368033
Glycoprotein hormones alpha chainHomo sapiens (human)Potency28.183811
importin subunit beta-1 isoform 1Homo sapiens (human)Potency100.000011
Inositol monophosphatase 1Rattus norvegicus (Norway rat)Potency3.162311
lamin isoform A-delta10Homo sapiens (human)Potency0.063111
Microtubule-associated protein tauHomo sapiens (human)Potency44.668411
mitogen-activated protein kinase 1Homo sapiens (human)Potency1.995311
nuclear receptor subfamily 1, group I, member 2Rattus norvegicus (Norway rat)Potency3.162311
parathyroid hormone/parathyroid hormone-related peptide receptor precursorHomo sapiens (human)Potency39.810711
peptidyl-prolyl cis-trans isomerase NIMA-interacting 1Homo sapiens (human)Potency39.810711
peroxisome proliferator activated receptor gammaHomo sapiens (human)Potency19.972122
potassium voltage-gated channel subfamily H member 2 isoform dHomo sapiens (human)Potency15.848911
Smad3Homo sapiens (human)Potency25.118911
snurportin-1Homo sapiens (human)Potency100.000011
Spike glycoproteinSevere acute respiratory syndrome-related coronavirusPotency12.589311
survival motor neuron protein isoform dHomo sapiens (human)Potency1.995311
TAR DNA-binding protein 43Homo sapiens (human)Potency39.810711
TDP1 proteinHomo sapiens (human)Potency8.625924
thioredoxin glutathione reductaseSchistosoma mansoniPotency56.234111
thioredoxin reductaseRattus norvegicus (Norway rat)Potency70.794611
thyroid hormone receptor beta isoform 2Rattus norvegicus (Norway rat)Potency2.371022
thyroid hormone receptor beta isoform aHomo sapiens (human)Potency141.254011
tumor susceptibility gene 101 proteinHomo sapiens (human)Potency56.234111
USP1 protein, partialHomo sapiens (human)Potency66.126423

Inhibition Measurements

ProteinTaxonomyMeasurementAverage (mM)Bioassay(s)Drugs
[Tau protein] kinase Sus scrofa (pig)IC5010.000011
Acetylcholine receptor subunit alphaHomo sapiens (human)Ki0.250011
Acetylcholine receptor subunit alphaTetronarce californica (Pacific electric ray)Ki0.250011
Acetylcholine receptor subunit betaHomo sapiens (human)Ki0.250011
Acetylcholine receptor subunit betaTetronarce californica (Pacific electric ray)Ki0.250011
Acetylcholine receptor subunit deltaHomo sapiens (human)Ki0.250011
Acetylcholine receptor subunit deltaTetronarce californica (Pacific electric ray)Ki0.250011
Acetylcholine receptor subunit gammaHomo sapiens (human)Ki0.250011
Acetylcholine receptor subunit gammaTetronarce californica (Pacific electric ray)Ki0.250011
Adenosine receptor A3Homo sapiens (human)Ki60.000011
Aurora kinase BHomo sapiens (human)IC502.400011
Casein kinase 1, delta tv1Sus scrofa (pig)IC5010.000011
Cyclin-A2Homo sapiens (human)IC500.770011
Cyclin-dependent kinase 2Homo sapiens (human)IC500.770011
Cyclin-dependent kinase 5 activator 1Homo sapiens (human)IC505.600011
Cyclin-dependent kinase 9Homo sapiens (human)IC500.220011
Cyclin-dependent-like kinase 5 Homo sapiens (human)IC505.600011
Cyclin-T1Homo sapiens (human)IC500.220011
Dual specificity protein kinase CLK1Mus musculus (house mouse)IC5010.000011
Dual specificity tyrosine-phosphorylation-regulated kinase 1ARattus norvegicus (Norway rat)IC5010.000011
Glycogen synthase kinase-3 beta Sus scrofa (pig)IC5010.000011
Hypoxia-inducible factor 1-alphaHomo sapiens (human)IC5015.800011
MAP kinase-interacting serine/threonine-protein kinase 1Homo sapiens (human)IC500.043011
MAP kinase-interacting serine/threonine-protein kinase 2Homo sapiens (human)IC500.038011
Neuronal acetylcholine receptor subunit alpha-10Rattus norvegicus (Norway rat)Ki0.002512
Neuronal acetylcholine receptor subunit alpha-2Rattus norvegicus (Norway rat)Ki0.002645
Neuronal acetylcholine receptor subunit alpha-3Homo sapiens (human)Ki0.766477
Neuronal acetylcholine receptor subunit alpha-3Rattus norvegicus (Norway rat)Ki0.101367
Neuronal acetylcholine receptor subunit alpha-4Homo sapiens (human)IC5014.025022
Neuronal acetylcholine receptor subunit alpha-4Rattus norvegicus (Norway rat)IC500.069211
Neuronal acetylcholine receptor subunit alpha-4Homo sapiens (human)Ki0.001155
Neuronal acetylcholine receptor subunit alpha-4Rattus norvegicus (Norway rat)Ki0.09061819
Neuronal acetylcholine receptor subunit alpha-5Rattus norvegicus (Norway rat)Ki0.002512
Neuronal acetylcholine receptor subunit alpha-6Rattus norvegicus (Norway rat)Ki0.002512
Neuronal acetylcholine receptor subunit alpha-7Homo sapiens (human)Ki3.836733
Neuronal acetylcholine receptor subunit alpha-7Rattus norvegicus (Norway rat)Ki2.534478
Neuronal acetylcholine receptor subunit alpha-9Rattus norvegicus (Norway rat)Ki0.002512
Neuronal acetylcholine receptor subunit beta-2Homo sapiens (human)IC5014.025022
Neuronal acetylcholine receptor subunit beta-2Rattus norvegicus (Norway rat)IC500.069211
Neuronal acetylcholine receptor subunit beta-2Homo sapiens (human)Ki0.001155
Neuronal acetylcholine receptor subunit beta-2Rattus norvegicus (Norway rat)Ki0.08542021
Neuronal acetylcholine receptor subunit beta-3Rattus norvegicus (Norway rat)Ki0.002512
Neuronal acetylcholine receptor subunit beta-4Homo sapiens (human)Ki0.766477
Neuronal acetylcholine receptor subunit beta-4Rattus norvegicus (Norway rat)Ki0.080678
Protein kinase C alpha typeHomo sapiens (human)IC501.010022
Protein kinase C beta typeHomo sapiens (human)IC500.325022
Protein kinase C gamma typeHomo sapiens (human)IC505.800011
Protein kinase C-like 1Candida albicansIC500.044011
Serine/threonine-protein kinase haspinHomo sapiens (human)IC5010.000011
Serine/threonine-protein kinase pim-1Homo sapiens (human)IC508.100011
Transcription factor p65Homo sapiens (human)IC5010.000011

Activation Measurements

ProteinTaxonomyMeasurementAverage (mM)Bioassay(s)Drugs
Acetylcholine receptor subunit alphaHomo sapiens (human)EC500.011011
Acetylcholine receptor subunit betaHomo sapiens (human)EC500.011011
Acetylcholine receptor subunit deltaHomo sapiens (human)EC500.011011
Acetylcholine receptor subunit deltaTetronarce californica (Pacific electric ray)EC50100.000011
Acetylcholine receptor subunit gammaHomo sapiens (human)EC500.011011
Adenosine receptor A2aRattus norvegicus (Norway rat)EC500.000411
corticotropin releasing factor-binding proteinHomo sapiens (human)EC509.480011
corticotropin-releasing hormone receptor 2Homo sapiens (human)EC509.480011
Neuronal acetylcholine receptor subunit alpha-10Rattus norvegicus (Norway rat)EC5010.000011
Neuronal acetylcholine receptor subunit alpha-2Rattus norvegicus (Norway rat)EC5010.000011
Neuronal acetylcholine receptor subunit alpha-3Homo sapiens (human)EC5046.500022
Neuronal acetylcholine receptor subunit alpha-3Rattus norvegicus (Norway rat)EC505.012522
Neuronal acetylcholine receptor subunit alpha-4Homo sapiens (human)EC5013.333533
Neuronal acetylcholine receptor subunit alpha-4Rattus norvegicus (Norway rat)EC5024.000022
Neuronal acetylcholine receptor subunit alpha-5Rattus norvegicus (Norway rat)EC5010.000011
Neuronal acetylcholine receptor subunit alpha-6Rattus norvegicus (Norway rat)EC5010.000011
Neuronal acetylcholine receptor subunit alpha-7Homo sapiens (human)EC5071.000022
Neuronal acetylcholine receptor subunit alpha-7Rattus norvegicus (Norway rat)EC5010.000011
Neuronal acetylcholine receptor subunit alpha-9Rattus norvegicus (Norway rat)EC5010.000011
Neuronal acetylcholine receptor subunit beta-2Homo sapiens (human)EC5026.750144
Neuronal acetylcholine receptor subunit beta-2Rattus norvegicus (Norway rat)EC5024.000022
Neuronal acetylcholine receptor subunit beta-3Rattus norvegicus (Norway rat)EC5010.000011
Neuronal acetylcholine receptor subunit beta-4Homo sapiens (human)EC5026.000011
Neuronal acetylcholine receptor subunit beta-4Rattus norvegicus (Norway rat)EC505.012522

Other Measurements

ProteinTaxonomyMeasurementAverage (mM)Bioassay(s)Drugs
Neuronal acetylcholine receptor subunit alpha-3Rattus norvegicus (Norway rat)Affinity0.220011
Neuronal acetylcholine receptor subunit alpha-3Homo sapiens (human)Rmax23.000011
Neuronal acetylcholine receptor subunit alpha-4Rattus norvegicus (Norway rat)Affinity0.000111
Neuronal acetylcholine receptor subunit beta-2Rattus norvegicus (Norway rat)Affinity0.000111
Neuronal acetylcholine receptor subunit beta-2Homo sapiens (human)Rmax23.000011
Neuronal acetylcholine receptor subunit beta-4Rattus norvegicus (Norway rat)Affinity0.220011