Parecoxib is a non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID) that selectively inhibits cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2). It is used to treat pain and inflammation. Parecoxib is a prodrug that is converted to its active form in the body. It is known for its rapid onset of action and long duration of effect. Parecoxib is typically administered orally or intravenously. Research focuses on its efficacy and safety in treating acute pain, osteoarthritis, and rheumatoid arthritis, as well as its potential for other therapeutic uses. '
parecoxib: structure in first source [Medical Subject Headings (MeSH), National Library of Medicine, extracted Dec-2023]
parecoxib : An N-acylsulfonamide resulting from the formal condensation of valdecoxib with propionic acid. It is a prodrug for valdecoxib. [Chemical Entities of Biological Interest (ChEBI), Hastings J, Owen G, Dekker A, Ennis M, Kale N, Muthukrishnan V, Turner S, Swainston N, Mendes P, Steinbeck C. (2016). ChEBI in 2016: Improved services and an expanding collection of metabolites. Nucleic Acids Res]
| ID Source | ID |
|---|---|
| PubMed CID | 119828 |
| CHEMBL ID | 1206690 |
| CHEBI ID | 73038 |
| SCHEMBL ID | 9529 |
| MeSH ID | M0364955 |
| Synonym |
|---|
| chebi:73038 , |
| sc-69124 , |
| CHEMBL1206690 |
| xapit |
| rayzon |
| pxb , |
| parecoxib (usan/inn) |
| D03716 |
| 198470-84-7 |
| propanamide, n-((4-(5-methyl-3-phenyl-4-isoxazolyl)phenyl)sulfonyl)- |
| n-((p-(5-methyl-3-phenyl-4-isoxazolyl)phenyl)sulfonyl)propionamide |
| sc 69124 |
| parecoxib [usan:inn:ban] |
| parecoxib |
| DB08439 |
| n-[4-(5-methyl-3-phenyl-1,2-oxazol-4-yl)phenyl]sulfonylpropanamide |
| unii-9tuw81y3ce |
| 9tuw81y3ce , |
| S4656 |
| parecoxibum |
| n-{[4-(5-methyl-3-phenyl-1,2-oxazol-4-yl)phenyl]sulfonyl}propanamide |
| n-[4-(5-methyl-3-phenyl-1,2-oxazol-4-yl)benzenesulfonyl]propanamide |
| BRD-K13800121-236-01-7 |
| gtpl2895 |
| parecoxib [inn] |
| parecoxib [ema epar] |
| parecoxib [mi] |
| parecoxib [usan] |
| parecoxib [who-dd] |
| HY-17474 |
| CS-1959 |
| n-[[4-(5-methyl-3-phenyl-4-isoxazolyl) phenyl] sulfonyl] propanamide |
| TZRHLKRLEZJVIJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N |
| SCHEMBL9529 |
| DTXSID1044229 |
| AC-25842 |
| FT-0697932 |
| AKOS025401810 |
| n-?[[4-?(5-?methyl-?3-?phenyl-?4-?isoxazolyl)?phenyl]?sulfonyl]?propanamide |
| J-523329 |
| n-[4-(5-methyl-3-phenyl-oxazol-4-yl)phenyl]sulfonylpropanamde |
| parocoxib |
| vorth-p |
| valus-p |
| parecoxib, vetranal(tm), analytical standard |
| mfcd25976408 |
| AS-72353 |
| bdbm50506744 |
| NCGC00378576-02 |
| n-{[4-(5-methyl-3-phenylisoxazol-4-yl)phenyl]sulfonyl}propanamide |
| BCP07254 |
| sc69124 |
| Q347941 |
| propanamide, n-[[4-(5-methyl-3-phenyl-4-isoxazolyl)phenyl]sulfonyl]- |
| n-((4-(5-methyl-3-phenylisoxazol-4-yl)phenyl)sulfonyl)propionamide |
| HMS3885L14 |
| AMY42103 |
| HMS3741C09 |
| CCG-268299 |
| NCGC00181773-05 |
| EX-A1993 |
| parecoxib 100 microg/ml in acetonitrile |
| A854884 |
| propanamide, n-[[4-(5-methyl-3-phenyl-4-isoxazolyl)phenyl]sulfonyl]-; n-[[4-(5-methyl-3-phenyl-4-isoxazolyl)phenyl]sulfonyl]propanamide; parecoxib; sc 69124; valus-p; vorth-p |
| NCGC00181773-03 |
| EN300-20600171 |
| Z2588040125 |
Parecoxib (PX) is an injectable prodrug of valdecoxib (VX), which is a selective cyclo-oxyganase-2 (COX-2) inhibitor licensed for humans. It has been demonstrated to inhibit sepsis-induced systemic inflammation, but its role in sepsi-induced acute kidney injury has not been studied. Parecox ib sodium is a safe and effective drug in the perioperative analgesic management for TKA.
Parecoxib sodium (Pare) has been shown to exert protective effects against multiple I/R-induced tissue injuries. It has been adopted for use for postoperative analgesia following a range of surgical procedures.
| Excerpt | Reference | Relevance |
|---|---|---|
| "Parecoxib sodium (Pare) has been shown to exert protective effects against multiple I/R-induced tissue injuries." | ( Parecoxib sodium alleviates ischemia reperfusion-induced pulmonary injury via inhibiting ERK/NF-κB and further activating the HIF-1α pathway. Guo, J; Yang, Y, 2022) | 2.89 |
| "Parecoxib has been adopted for use for postoperative analgesia following a range of surgical procedures (orthopedic, general, gynecological, and dental surgery)." | ( The efficacy of parecoxib in improving pain after total knee or total hip arthroplasty: Systematic review and meta-analysis. Ge, WK; Hong, C; Lin, SN; Liu, CJ; Xie, HY; Yu, M, 2022) | 1.79 |
Parecoxib plays a therapeutic effect on cerebral infarction by up-regulating the orexin neuron. Pare Coxib provided a lower pain and sedation scores and lesser meperidine consumption than tramadol for post-appendectomy pain.
Parecoxib treatment significantly reduced urine output 24 h after release of BUO. Pretreatment with pare Coxib prior to I/R insult significantly reduced aminotransferases, and significantly improved liver histological status.
Parecoxib, the inactive prodrug of the cyclooxygenase-2 selective inhibitor valdecoxib, was found to increase the risk of cardiovascular (CV) adverse events compared with placebo. The occurrence of adverse events showed no differences between perioperative pare Coxib administration and placebo control.
The final pharmacokinetic model gave a robust representation of parecoxib and valdecoxib disposition.
Preoperative intravenous infusion of dexmedetomidine combined with parecoxib sodium can not only calm and resist anxiety, but also better prevent stress response of endotracheal intubation.
| Excerpt | Reference | Relevance |
|---|---|---|
| "We evaluated the efficacy of local or systemic parecoxib combined with lidocaine/clonidine IV regional analgesia in complex regional pain syndrome (CRPS) type 1 in a dominant upper limb." | ( The antinociceptive effect of local or systemic parecoxib combined with lidocaine/clonidine intravenous regional analgesia for complex regional pain syndrome type I in the arm. Frade, LP; Lauretti, GR; Lima, ICPR; Pereira, NL, 2005) | 0.84 |
| "we compared the clinical efficacy and safety between a new injectable cyclooxygenase-2 selective inhibitor, parecoxib, and an old nonselective, ketorolac combined with morphine in patient-controlled analgesia (PCA) for management of post-cesarean delivery pain." | ( Comparison of the efficacy of parecoxib versus ketorolac combined with morphine on patient-controlled analgesia for post-cesarean delivery pain management. Cheu, NW; Chuang, FH; Liao, CH; Tan, TD; Wang, YR; Watts, MP; Wong, JO, 2010) | 0.86 |
| " Morphine was basically used in PCA manner during the 3-day study course; and in Group K patients received an intravenous loading bolus of 30mg ketorolac post-operatively and then 90mg ketorolac combined with morphine in PCA fashion throughout the study course." | ( Comparison of the efficacy of parecoxib versus ketorolac combined with morphine on patient-controlled analgesia for post-cesarean delivery pain management. Cheu, NW; Chuang, FH; Liao, CH; Tan, TD; Wang, YR; Watts, MP; Wong, JO, 2010) | 0.65 |
| "To evaluate effect of parecoxib sodium pretreatment combined with dexmedetomidine on early postoperative cognitive dysfunction in elderly patients after shoulder arthroscopy." | ( Effect of parecoxib sodium pretreatment combined with dexmedetomidine on early postoperative cognitive dysfunction in elderly patients after shoulder arthroscopy: A randomized double blinded controlled trial. Chen, G; Lu, J; Wu, C; Zhou, H; Zhou, Q; Zhu, Z, 2017) | 1.17 |
| "Parecoxib sodium pretreatment combined with dexmedetomidine could reduce the incidence of early postoperative cognitive dysfunction in elderly patients." | ( Effect of parecoxib sodium pretreatment combined with dexmedetomidine on early postoperative cognitive dysfunction in elderly patients after shoulder arthroscopy: A randomized double blinded controlled trial. Chen, G; Lu, J; Wu, C; Zhou, H; Zhou, Q; Zhu, Z, 2017) | 2.3 |
| "To evaluate the effect and safety of phloroglucinol combined with parecoxib on cystospasm after transurethral resection of the prostate (TURP)." | ( [Phloroglucinol combined with parecoxib for cystospasm after transurethral resection of the prostate]. Cheng, SH; Ding, M; He, HT; Hu, SB; Li, L; Nian, YQ; Wang, YH, 2016) | 0.96 |
| "Phloroglucinol combined with parecoxib is more effective and safer than phloroglucinol alone in relieving postoperative cystospasm after TURP." | ( [Phloroglucinol combined with parecoxib for cystospasm after transurethral resection of the prostate]. Cheng, SH; Ding, M; He, HT; Hu, SB; Li, L; Nian, YQ; Wang, YH, 2016) | 1.01 |
| "Parenteral parecoxib and single-shot SNB both significantly reduced morphine requirements when used in combination with femoral nerve blockade after TKA." | ( Parenteral Parecoxib Provides a Similar Reduction in Opioid Requirement to Single-Shot Sciatic Nerve Block after Total Knee Arthroplasty when Combined with Continuous Femoral Nerve Block. Chalacheewa, T; Finlayson, RJ; Saipimpong, S; Tontisirin, N; Tran, D, 2017) | 1.23 |
| "The objective of this study was to investigate the effect of preintravenous injection of parecoxib, combined with transversus abdominis plane (TAP) block and postoperative patient-controlled intravenous analgesia (PCIA) pump, in strategy of enhanced recovery after surgery for patients with radical resection of colorectal cancer." | ( Effect of preintravenous injection of parecoxib, combined with transversus abdominis plane block in strategy of enhanced recovery after radical resection of colorectal cancer. Feng, Z; Zheng, J; Zhu, J, 2018) | 0.97 |
| "In this prospective study, 80 patients that underwent radical resection for colorectal cancer were randomly divided into four groups: (1) the parecoxib group, with preintravenous injection of parecoxib and postoperative PCIA after surgery; (2) the TAP group, with TAP block and postoperative PCIA; (3) the parecoxib + TAP group, with parecoxib combined with TAP block and postoperative PCIA; and (4) the control group, with only postoperative PCIA and preinjection of normal saline." | ( Effect of preintravenous injection of parecoxib, combined with transversus abdominis plane block in strategy of enhanced recovery after radical resection of colorectal cancer. Feng, Z; Zheng, J; Zhu, J, 2018) | 0.95 |
| "BACKGROUND This study aimed to investigate the effectiveness of perioperative parecoxib sodium combined with transversus abdominis plane (TAP) block on postoperative pain management following hepatectomy in patients with hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC)." | ( Effectiveness of Parecoxib Sodium Combined with Transversus Abdominis Plane Block for Pain Management After Hepatectomy for Hepatocellular Carcinoma: A Prospective Controlled Study. Jia, WD; Li, YQ; Lv, JG; Qiao, XF; Zhou, H, 2019) | 1.08 |
| "To explore the effect of local infiltration of ropivacaine combined with multimodal analgesia with parecoxib for perioperative pain management in patients undergoing pancreaticoduodenectomy." | ( [Efficacy of local infiltration of ropivacaine combined with multimodal analgesia with parecoxib for perioperative analgesia in patients undergoing pancreaticoduodenectomy]. Feng, H; Feng, J; Gao, M; Han, Q; Li, K; Xu, R, 2019) | 0.95 |
| "In patients undergoing pancreaticoduodenectomy, local infiltration of ropivacaine combined with multimodal analgesia with ropivacaine can effectively relieve perioperative pain, reduce the use of relief analgesics, lower the incidence of adverse reactions, and promote the recovery after the surgery." | ( [Efficacy of local infiltration of ropivacaine combined with multimodal analgesia with parecoxib for perioperative analgesia in patients undergoing pancreaticoduodenectomy]. Feng, H; Feng, J; Gao, M; Han, Q; Li, K; Xu, R, 2019) | 0.74 |
| "To investigate the effect of intravenous injection of dexmedetomidine combined with parecoxib sodium on sedation and anxiety and stress response of tracheal intubation in patients undergoing functional endoscopic sinus surgery." | ( The clinical effect of dexmedetomidine combined with parecoxib sodium on sedation, antianxiety and prevention of intubation stress in patients undergoing functional endoscopic sinus surgery: a randomised controlled trial. Chen, J; Gu, X; Lu, Y; Tan, X; Wang, J; Zhang, L, 2020) | 1.03 |
| "Preoperative intravenous infusion of dexmedetomidine combined with parecoxib sodium by functional nasal endoscopy can not only calm and resist anxiety, but also better prevent stress response of endotracheal intubation, which is a safe and effective way of preoperative medication." | ( The clinical effect of dexmedetomidine combined with parecoxib sodium on sedation, antianxiety and prevention of intubation stress in patients undergoing functional endoscopic sinus surgery: a randomised controlled trial. Chen, J; Gu, X; Lu, Y; Tan, X; Wang, J; Zhang, L, 2020) | 1.04 |
| "Propofol combined with remifentanil is the most common anesthesia method in laparoscopic hysteromyomectomy." | ( Effect of Parecoxib Sodium Combined with Dexmedetomidine on Analgesia and Postoperative Pain of Patients Undergoing Hysteromyomectomy. Chen, Y; Hou, J; Liu, F; Wang, X; Wang, Z; Zhao, L; Zhao, Y, 2022) | 1.12 |
| "To determine the effect of parecoxib sodium combined with dexmedetomidine on analgesia and postoperative pain of patients undergoing hysteromyomectomy." | ( Effect of Parecoxib Sodium Combined with Dexmedetomidine on Analgesia and Postoperative Pain of Patients Undergoing Hysteromyomectomy. Chen, Y; Hou, J; Liu, F; Wang, X; Wang, Z; Zhao, L; Zhao, Y, 2022) | 1.42 |
| " Among them, 35 patients treated with parecoxib sodium were assigned to the control group, while the rest 37 patients treated with parecoxib sodium combined with dexmedetomidine were assigned to the research group." | ( Effect of Parecoxib Sodium Combined with Dexmedetomidine on Analgesia and Postoperative Pain of Patients Undergoing Hysteromyomectomy. Chen, Y; Hou, J; Liu, F; Wang, X; Wang, Z; Zhao, L; Zhao, Y, 2022) | 1.39 |
| "Parecoxib sodium combined with dexmedetomidine can effectively control the postoperative pain of patients undergoing hysteromyomectomy, reduce the incidence of agitation, and effectively control serum cortisol and melatonin in them." | ( Effect of Parecoxib Sodium Combined with Dexmedetomidine on Analgesia and Postoperative Pain of Patients Undergoing Hysteromyomectomy. Chen, Y; Hou, J; Liu, F; Wang, X; Wang, Z; Zhao, L; Zhao, Y, 2022) | 2.57 |
| "Sufentanil combined with parecoxib sodium is a commonly used postoperative medication for cancer patients." | ( Sufentanil combined with parecoxib sodium inhibits proliferation and metastasis of HER2-positive breast cancer cells and regulates epithelial-mesenchymal transition. Chen, X; Cui, J; Li, W; Li, X; Ma, H; Ma, N; Xu, S; You, X, 2023) | 1.52 |
| "Functional assays indicated that sufentanil combined with parecoxib sodium induced blockade of HER2-positive breast cancer BT474 cells in the G1 phase of the cell cycle and inhibited cell proliferation, migration, angiogenesis, and invasion in vitro." | ( Sufentanil combined with parecoxib sodium inhibits proliferation and metastasis of HER2-positive breast cancer cells and regulates epithelial-mesenchymal transition. Chen, X; Cui, J; Li, W; Li, X; Ma, H; Ma, N; Xu, S; You, X, 2023) | 1.46 |
| "Sufentanil combined with parecoxib sodium inhibited HER2-positive breast cancer progression, including cell proliferation, cell cycle, migration, invasion, and angiogenesis, and regulated EMT." | ( Sufentanil combined with parecoxib sodium inhibits proliferation and metastasis of HER2-positive breast cancer cells and regulates epithelial-mesenchymal transition. Chen, X; Cui, J; Li, W; Li, X; Ma, H; Ma, N; Xu, S; You, X, 2023) | 1.52 |
| "This study aimed to investigate the effect of parecoxib sodium combined with perioperative psychological nursing on postoperative pain in elderly patients with hip fractures." | ( The effect of parecoxib sodium combined with perioperative psychological care on postoperative pain in elderly patients with hip fractures. Ai, HY; Cheng, MY, 2023) | 1.53 |
| "Perioperative psychological nursing combined with preemptive analgesia of parecoxib sodium has a significant positive effect on elderly patients with hip fractures after surgery." | ( The effect of parecoxib sodium combined with perioperative psychological care on postoperative pain in elderly patients with hip fractures. Ai, HY; Cheng, MY, 2023) | 1.5 |
| Excerpt | Reference | Relevance |
|---|---|---|
| " The absolute bioavailability of parecoxib was 66%." | ( Pharmacokinetics of intravenous and intramuscular parecoxib in healthy Beagles. Del Carlo, S; Giorgi, M; Lavy, E; Manera, C; Saccomanni, G, 2012) | 0.91 |
| "The ATP-binding cassette transporter P-glycoprotein (P-gp) is known to limit both brain penetration and oral bioavailability of many chemotherapy drugs." | ( A High-Throughput Screen of a Library of Therapeutics Identifies Cytotoxic Substrates of P-glycoprotein. Ambudkar, SV; Brimacombe, KR; Chen, L; Gottesman, MM; Guha, R; Hall, MD; Klumpp-Thomas, C; Lee, OW; Lee, TD; Lusvarghi, S; Robey, RW; Shen, M; Tebase, BG, 2019) | 0.51 |
Parecoxib sodium is a selective cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) inhibitor. We randomly assigned 62 patients scheduled for total hip arthroplasty to the following IV dosing schedule: placebo at induction, at wound closure, and 12 h after induction (control)
| Excerpt | Relevance | Reference |
|---|---|---|
| " Modified cassette, or "cocktail," dosing is useful for assessing drug interactions in humans." | ( Simultaneous assessment of drug interactions with low- and high-extraction opioids: application to parecoxib effects on the pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of fentanyl and alfentanil. Feldman, J; Ibrahim, AE; Karim, A; Kharasch, ED, 2003) | 0.54 |
| " The modified Brief Pain Inventory questionnaire used in the oral dosing period detected significant improvements in the parecoxib/valdecoxib treatment group in 6 of 8 domains tested (eg, current pain, worst pain, and mood) beginning on day 4 and continuing for at least 4 days." | ( Efficacy and safety of the cyclooxygenase 2 inhibitors parecoxib and valdecoxib in patients undergoing coronary artery bypass surgery. Alston, RP; Duke, PC; Feneck, RO; Hsu, PH; Hubbard, RC; Mangano, DT; Nussmeier, NA; Ott, E; Saidman, LJ; Snabes, MC, 2003) | 0.77 |
| "To review the pharmacology, pharmacokinetics, clinical efficacy and safety studies, adverse effects, drug interactions, and dosage and administration of parecoxib sodium, a selective cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) inhibitor." | ( Parecoxib for parenteral analgesia in postsurgical patients. Amabile, CM; Spencer, AP, 2004) | 1.96 |
| " After a 2-day washout, patients randomized to treatment period II received a full analgesic dosage of parecoxib 40 mg bid intravenously (IV) for 6 days (n = 18), with concomitant UFH (same regimen as treatment period I) on day 5 (n = 18)." | ( Parecoxib sodium, an injectable COX-2-specific inhibitor, does not affect unfractionated heparin-regulated blood coagulation parameters. Hubbard, RC; Noveck, RJ, 2004) | 1.98 |
| " as an initial dosing option for postoperative pain management in countries in which it is approved." | ( The analgesic efficacy of intramuscular parecoxib sodium in postoperative dental pain. Daniels, S; Desjardins, PJ; Hubbard, RC; Mehlisch, DR, 2004) | 0.59 |
| "We randomly assigned 62 patients scheduled for total hip arthroplasty to the following IV dosing schedule: 1) placebo at induction, at wound closure, and 12 h after induction (control); 2) parecoxib 40 mg at induction, placebo at wound closure, and parecoxib 40 mg 12 h after induction (pre); or, 3) placebo at induction, parecoxib 40 mg at wound closure, and parecoxib 40 mg 12 h after induction (post)." | ( The influence of timing of administration on the analgesic efficacy of parecoxib in orthopedic surgery. Belbachir, A; Chauvin, M; Cherif, K; Fletcher, D; Jaber, A; Jamal, A; Martinez, V; Ozier, Y; Sessler, DI, 2007) | 0.76 |
| "This multicenter, multiple-dose, randomized, double-blind, parallel-group study compared the analgesic efficacy and safety of two dosing regimens of parecoxib sodium (parecoxib) versus placebo after total hip arthroplasty." | ( A multiple-day regimen of parecoxib sodium 20 mg twice daily provides pain relief after total hip arthroplasty. Brown, MT; Gimbel, JS; Halder, AM; Snabes, M; Verburg, KM; Viscusi, ER, 2008) | 0.85 |
| "To determine the analgesic efficacy of 1-day and multiple-day dosing regimens of parecoxib sodium (parecoxib) after bunionectomy in 2 randomized placebo-controlled studies." | ( Multiple-day efficacy of parecoxib sodium treatment in postoperative bunionectomy pain. Apfelbaum, JL; Brown, MT; Desjardins, PJ; Verburg, KM, ) | 0.66 |
| " Agents such as celecoxib, which are highly COX-2 specific and have shown excellent efficacy in relieving inflammation and associated pain, unfortunately exhibit only modest aqueous solubility, thus restricting dosing options." | ( [Selective inhibitors of cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2), celecoxib and parecoxib: a systematic review]. Mateos, JL, 2010) | 0.6 |
| " Piritramide dosage and incidence of side effects were not reduced." | ( Efficacy of intravenous paracetamol compared to dipyrone and parecoxib for postoperative pain management after minor-to-intermediate surgery: a randomised, double-blind trial. Brodner, G; Cosanne, I; Ellger, B; Freise, H; Gogarten, W; Hahnenkamp, K; Huppertz-Thyssen, M; Van Aken, H; Wempe, C, 2011) | 0.61 |
| "To observe the effect of parecoxib on morphine dosage in patient-controlled analgesia (PCA) following thoracoscope-assisted thoracotomy." | ( [Effects of parecoxib on morphine dosage in postoperative patient-controlled analgesia following thoracoscope-assisted thoracotomy]. Gu, MN; Hou, XM; Liu, GW; Liu, XJ; Xiao, JF, 2011) | 1.05 |
| "The application of parecoxib may reduce the dosage of morphine in PCA following thoracoscope-assisted thoracotomy and results in good analgesic effect without affecting the patients respiratory function and sputum elimination." | ( [Effects of parecoxib on morphine dosage in postoperative patient-controlled analgesia following thoracoscope-assisted thoracotomy]. Gu, MN; Hou, XM; Liu, GW; Liu, XJ; Xiao, JF, 2011) | 1.08 |
| " Collagen and U46619 caused in vivo thrombus formation with the former, but not latter, sensitive to oral dosing with aspirin." | ( Thrombosis is reduced by inhibition of COX-1, but unaffected by inhibition of COX-2, in an acute model of platelet activation in the mouse. Armstrong, PC; Emerson, M; Kirkby, NS; Mitchell, JA; Warner, TD; Zain, ZN, 2011) | 0.37 |
| " Innovative new oral and intra-articular pharmaceutically engineered dosage forms are examined." | ( What's new in NSAID pharmacotherapy: oral agents to injectables. Atkinson, TJ; Fudin, J; Jahn, HL; Kubotera, N; Rennick, AL; Rhorer, M, 2013) | 0.39 |
| "5%) injection into the upper lip to characterize the dose-response curve of each individual drug in the orofacial pain test in mice." | ( Synergism between tramadol and parecoxib in the orofacial formalin test. Aragon-Martinez, OH; Castañeda-Santana, DI; de la Rosa-Coronado, M; Isiordia-Espinoza, MA; Zapata-Morales, JR, 2015) | 0.7 |
| Role | Description |
|---|---|
| cyclooxygenase 2 inhibitor | A cyclooxygenase inhibitor that interferes with the action of cyclooxygenase 2. |
| non-narcotic analgesic | A drug that has principally analgesic, antipyretic and anti-inflammatory actions. Non-narcotic analgesics do not bind to opioid receptors. |
| non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug | An anti-inflammatory drug that is not a steroid. In addition to anti-inflammatory actions, non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs have analgesic, antipyretic, and platelet-inhibitory actions. They act by blocking the synthesis of prostaglandins by inhibiting cyclooxygenase, which converts arachidonic acid to cyclic endoperoxides, precursors of prostaglandins. |
| prodrug | A compound that, on administration, must undergo chemical conversion by metabolic processes before becoming the pharmacologically active drug for which it is a prodrug. |
| [role information is derived from Chemical Entities of Biological Interest (ChEBI), Hastings J, Owen G, Dekker A, Ennis M, Kale N, Muthukrishnan V, Turner S, Swainston N, Mendes P, Steinbeck C. (2016). ChEBI in 2016: Improved services and an expanding collection of metabolites. Nucleic Acids Res] | |
| Class | Description |
|---|---|
| isoxazoles | Oxazoles in which the N and O atoms are adjacent. |
| N-sulfonylcarboxamide | A mixed diacylamine resulting from the formal condensation of the nitrogen of a carboxamide with a sulphonic acid. |
| [compound class information is derived from Chemical Entities of Biological Interest (ChEBI), Hastings J, Owen G, Dekker A, Ennis M, Kale N, Muthukrishnan V, Turner S, Swainston N, Mendes P, Steinbeck C. (2016). ChEBI in 2016: Improved services and an expanding collection of metabolites. Nucleic Acids Res] | |
| Protein | Taxonomy | Measurement | Average (µ) | Min (ref.) | Avg (ref.) | Max (ref.) | Bioassay(s) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| cytochrome P450 family 3 subfamily A polypeptide 4 | Homo sapiens (human) | Potency | 30.1116 | 0.0123 | 7.9835 | 43.2770 | AID1645841 |
| G | Vesicular stomatitis virus | Potency | 6.7412 | 0.0123 | 8.9648 | 39.8107 | AID1645842 |
| Interferon beta | Homo sapiens (human) | Potency | 6.7412 | 0.0033 | 9.1582 | 39.8107 | AID1645842 |
| HLA class I histocompatibility antigen, B alpha chain | Homo sapiens (human) | Potency | 6.7412 | 0.0123 | 8.9648 | 39.8107 | AID1645842 |
| Inositol hexakisphosphate kinase 1 | Homo sapiens (human) | Potency | 6.7412 | 0.0123 | 8.9648 | 39.8107 | AID1645842 |
| cytochrome P450 2C9, partial | Homo sapiens (human) | Potency | 6.7412 | 0.0123 | 8.9648 | 39.8107 | AID1645842 |
| [prepared from compound, protein, and bioassay information from National Library of Medicine (NLM), extracted Dec-2023] | |||||||
| Protein | Taxonomy | Measurement | Average | Min (ref.) | Avg (ref.) | Max (ref.) | Bioassay(s) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Prostaglandin G/H synthase 2 | Homo sapiens (human) | IC50 (µMol) | 0.0050 | 0.0001 | 0.9950 | 10.0000 | AID1530304 |
| [prepared from compound, protein, and bioassay information from National Library of Medicine (NLM), extracted Dec-2023] | |||||||
| Assay ID | Title | Year | Journal | Article |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| AID1079940 | Granulomatous liver disease, proven histopathologically. Value is number of references indexed. [column 'GRAN' in source] | |||
| AID626164 | Dissociation constant, pKa of the compound | 2011 | Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters, Nov-15, Volume: 21, Issue:22 | A double prodrug system for colon targeting of benzenesulfonamide COX-2 inhibitors. |
| AID1416918 | Dissociation constant, pKa of compound | 2018 | MedChemComm, Mar-01, Volume: 9, Issue:3 | Novel valdecoxib derivatives by ruthenium(ii)-promoted 1,3-dipolar cycloaddition of nitrile oxides with alkynes - synthesis and COX-2 inhibition activity. |
| AID1079944 | Benign tumor, proven histopathologically. Value is number of references indexed. [column 'T.BEN' in source] | |||
| AID1079942 | Steatosis, proven histopathologically. Value is number of references indexed. [column 'STEAT' in source] | |||
| AID1079943 | Malignant tumor, proven histopathologically. Value is number of references indexed. [column 'T.MAL' in source] | |||
| AID1416917 | Solubility of compound in normal saline | 2018 | MedChemComm, Mar-01, Volume: 9, Issue:3 | Novel valdecoxib derivatives by ruthenium(ii)-promoted 1,3-dipolar cycloaddition of nitrile oxides with alkynes - synthesis and COX-2 inhibition activity. |
| AID1079949 | Proposed mechanism(s) of liver damage. [column 'MEC' in source] | |||
| AID1079939 | Cirrhosis, proven histopathologically. Value is number of references indexed. [column 'CIRRH' in source] | |||
| AID1079937 | Severe hepatitis, defined as possibly life-threatening liver failure or through clinical observations. Value is number of references indexed. [column 'MASS' in source] | |||
| AID1079941 | Liver damage due to vascular disease: peliosis hepatitis, hepatic veno-occlusive disease, Budd-Chiari syndrome. Value is number of references indexed. [column 'VASC' in source] | |||
| AID1079935 | Cytolytic liver toxicity, either proven histopathologically or where the ratio of maximal ALT or AST activity above normal to that of Alkaline Phosphatase is > 5 (see ACUTE). Value is number of references indexed. [column 'CYTOL' in source] | |||
| AID1079931 | Moderate liver toxicity, defined via clinical-chemistry results: ALT or AST serum activity 6 times the normal upper limit (N) or alkaline phosphatase serum activity of 1.7 N. Value is number of references indexed. [column 'BIOL' in source] | |||
| AID1885213 | Inverse agonist activity at Gal4-fused Nurr1 (unknown origin) | 2022 | Journal of medicinal chemistry, 07-28, Volume: 65, Issue:14 | Medicinal Chemistry and Chemical Biology of Nurr1 Modulators: An Emerging Strategy in Neurodegeneration. |
| AID1079947 | Comments (NB not yet translated). [column 'COMMENTAIRES' in source] | |||
| AID1079934 | Highest frequency of acute liver toxicity observed during clinical trials, expressed as a percentage. [column '% AIGUE' in source] | |||
| AID1079936 | Choleostatic liver toxicity, either proven histopathologically or where the ratio of maximal ALT or AST activity above normal to that of Alkaline Phosphatase is < 2 (see ACUTE). Value is number of references indexed. [column 'CHOLE' in source] | |||
| AID1885214 | Inverse agonist activity at Gal4-fused Nurr1 (unknown origin) assessed as remaining activity relative to control | 2022 | Journal of medicinal chemistry, 07-28, Volume: 65, Issue:14 | Medicinal Chemistry and Chemical Biology of Nurr1 Modulators: An Emerging Strategy in Neurodegeneration. |
| AID1079946 | Presence of at least one case with successful reintroduction. [column 'REINT' in source] | |||
| AID1530304 | Inhibition of recombinant human COX2 expressed in baculovirus infected Sf9 insect cells using arachidonic acid as substrate preincubated for 10 mins followed by substrate addition and measured after 10 mins by ELISA | 2019 | European journal of medicinal chemistry, Jan-01, Volume: 161 | Quantitative and systems pharmacology 4. Network-based analysis of drug pleiotropy on coronary artery disease. |
| AID1079933 | Acute liver toxicity defined via clinical observations and clear clinical-chemistry results: serum ALT or AST activity > 6 N or serum alkaline phosphatases activity > 1.7 N. This category includes cytolytic, choleostatic and mixed liver toxicity. Value is | |||
| AID1079945 | Animal toxicity known. [column 'TOXIC' in source] | |||
| AID1446798 | Prodrug activation in rat assessed as half life for valdecoxib formation | 2017 | Journal of medicinal chemistry, 07-13, Volume: 60, Issue:13 | Opportunities and Challenges for Fatty Acid Mimetics in Drug Discovery. |
| AID1079932 | Highest frequency of moderate liver toxicity observed during clinical trials, expressed as a percentage. [column '% BIOL' in source] | |||
| AID1079938 | Chronic liver disease either proven histopathologically, or through a chonic elevation of serum amino-transferase activity after 6 months. Value is number of references indexed. [column 'CHRON' in source] | |||
| AID1079948 | Times to onset, minimal and maximal, observed in the indexed observations. [column 'DELAI' in source] | |||
| AID1296008 | Cytotoxic Profiling of Annotated Libraries Using Quantitative High-Throughput Screening | 2020 | SLAS discovery : advancing life sciences R & D, 01, Volume: 25, Issue:1 | Cytotoxic Profiling of Annotated and Diverse Chemical Libraries Using Quantitative High-Throughput Screening. |
| AID1347160 | Primary screen NINDS Rhodamine qHTS for Zika virus inhibitors | 2020 | Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, 12-08, Volume: 117, Issue:49 | Therapeutic candidates for the Zika virus identified by a high-throughput screen for Zika protease inhibitors. |
| AID1347159 | Primary screen GU Rhodamine qHTS for Zika virus inhibitors: Unlinked NS2B-NS3 protease assay | 2020 | Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, 12-08, Volume: 117, Issue:49 | Therapeutic candidates for the Zika virus identified by a high-throughput screen for Zika protease inhibitors. |
| AID1346986 | P-glycoprotein substrates identified in KB-3-1 adenocarcinoma cell line, qHTS therapeutic library screen | 2019 | Molecular pharmacology, 11, Volume: 96, Issue:5 | A High-Throughput Screen of a Library of Therapeutics Identifies Cytotoxic Substrates of P-glycoprotein. |
| AID1346987 | P-glycoprotein substrates identified in KB-8-5-11 adenocarcinoma cell line, qHTS therapeutic library screen | 2019 | Molecular pharmacology, 11, Volume: 96, Issue:5 | A High-Throughput Screen of a Library of Therapeutics Identifies Cytotoxic Substrates of P-glycoprotein. |
| AID1159607 | Screen for inhibitors of RMI FANCM (MM2) intereaction | 2016 | Journal of biomolecular screening, Jul, Volume: 21, Issue:6 | A High-Throughput Screening Strategy to Identify Protein-Protein Interaction Inhibitors That Block the Fanconi Anemia DNA Repair Pathway. |
| [information is prepared from bioassay data collected from National Library of Medicine (NLM), extracted Dec-2023] | ||||
| Timeframe | Studies, This Drug (%) | All Drugs % |
|---|---|---|
| pre-1990 | 0 (0.00) | 18.7374 |
| 1990's | 0 (0.00) | 18.2507 |
| 2000's | 169 (40.33) | 29.6817 |
| 2010's | 190 (45.35) | 24.3611 |
| 2020's | 60 (14.32) | 2.80 |
| [information is prepared from research data collected from National Library of Medicine (NLM), extracted Dec-2023] | ||
According to the monthly volume, diversity, and competition of internet searches for this compound, as well the volume and growth of publications, there is estimated to be very strong demand-to-supply ratio for research on this compound.
| This Compound (74.37) All Compounds (24.57) |
| Publication Type | This drug (%) | All Drugs (%) |
|---|---|---|
| Trials | 186 (42.66%) | 5.53% |
| Reviews | 37 (8.49%) | 6.00% |
| Case Studies | 5 (1.15%) | 4.05% |
| Observational | 1 (0.23%) | 0.25% |
| Other | 207 (47.48%) | 84.16% |
| [information is prepared from research data collected from National Library of Medicine (NLM), extracted Dec-2023] | ||
| Trial | Phase | Enrollment | Study Type | Start Date | Status | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Effect of Intravenous Dynastat on Postoperative Sore Throat: A Randomized Double-blinded Controlled Trial [NCT03915561] | Phase 2 | 140 participants (Anticipated) | Interventional | 2019-03-01 | Recruiting | ||
| A Multicenter, Randomised, Double-blinded, Placebo-controlled Trial Comparing the Efficacy and Safety of Intravenous Parecoxib Sodium on Morphine Patient-controlled Epidural Analgesia After Gynecologic Surgery [NCT01566669] | 294 participants (Actual) | Interventional | 2009-06-30 | Completed | |||
| A Multicentre, Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled Study of the Recovery Benefits Following Treatment With a Cox-2 Regimen in Patients Undergoing Elective Laparoscopic Intra-Peritoneal Abdominal Surgery [NCT00651300] | Phase 3 | 91 participants (Actual) | Interventional | 2003-04-30 | Terminated(stopped due to See Detailed Description field.) | ||
| [NCT02408146] | 80 participants (Anticipated) | Interventional | 2014-01-31 | Recruiting | |||
| Accelerated Recovery Following Opioid-free Anaesthesia in Supratentorial Craniotomy [NCT05681429] | 44 participants (Anticipated) | Interventional | 2023-01-01 | Not yet recruiting | |||
| COX-2 Inhibitor Versus Glucocorticoid Versus Both Combined [NCT01361789] | Phase 4 | 93 participants (Actual) | Interventional | 2004-01-31 | Completed | ||
| Can Preemptive Analgesia With Parecoxib Reduce Post-operative Ipsilateral Shoulder Pain? A Double-blinded, Randomized, Placebo-controlled Trial. [NCT01288924] | Phase 2 | 160 participants (Actual) | Interventional | 2011-02-28 | Completed | ||
| A Randomized Two-parallel Group Controlled Trial Comparing the Effects of 20mg Parecoxib as an Adjunct to 0.75% Ropivacaine in Ultrasound-guided Supraclavicular Block for Upper Limb Surgery [NCT03480165] | Phase 3 | 86 participants (Actual) | Interventional | 2016-06-20 | Completed | ||
| A Study to Evaluate Efficacy and Safety of Postoperative Intravenous Parecoxib Sodium Followed by Oral Celecoxib Post Total Knee Arthroplasty in Osteoarthritis Patients [NCT02198924] | Phase 4 | 246 participants (Actual) | Interventional | 2014-12-31 | Completed | ||
| Parecoxib vs Paracetamol in the Treatment of Acute Renal Colic Due to Ureteric Calculi: Randomized Controlled Trial [NCT03704623] | Phase 4 | 200 participants (Actual) | Interventional | 2019-05-01 | Completed | ||
| COMBINATION OF CONTINUOUS FEMORAL BLOCK AND INTRAVENOUS PARECOXIB FOR POSTOPERATIVE ANALGESIA AFTER TOTAL KNEE ARTHROPLASTY. A DOUBLE BLIND PROSPECTIVE STUDY. [NCT02185924] | Phase 2/Phase 3 | 90 participants (Actual) | Interventional | 2009-01-31 | Completed | ||
| A Randomized, Phase IV Study Exploring the Role of Parecoxib Sodium for Postoperative Pain Management in Open Hepatectomy [NCT02204878] | Phase 4 | 100 participants (Anticipated) | Interventional | 2014-07-31 | Recruiting | ||
| Effects of Parecoxib on Emergence Delirium and Postoperative Pain in Elderly Patients Undergoing Abdominal Surgery After General Anesthesia [NCT01221025] | Phase 4 | 900 participants (Anticipated) | Interventional | 2010-09-30 | Recruiting | ||
| An Open Label,Multicentre, Randomized Trial to Determine the Efficacy of Periarticular Parecoxib Sodium In A Multimodal Cocktail vs Intravenous Parecoxib Sodium for Pain Management in Total Knee Arthroplasty [NCT01311804] | Phase 3 | 125 participants (Anticipated) | Interventional | 2011-04-30 | Not yet recruiting | ||
| The Correlation of COX-2 Expression in Human Polymorphonuclear Leukocytes/Macrophages and Postoperative Pain [NCT01186159] | Phase 4 | 90 participants (Actual) | Interventional | 2010-11-30 | Completed | ||
| Perioperative Pain-control With Parecoxib in Uniportal Video-assisted Thoracoscopic Surgery. [NCT05150431] | Phase 4 | 58 participants (Actual) | Interventional | 2021-12-15 | Completed | ||
| Modulation of Remifentanil-induced Analgesia and Postinfusion Hyperalgesia by Parecoxib or Ketorolac in Humans [NCT00785863] | Phase 4 | 16 participants (Actual) | Interventional | 2008-12-31 | Completed | ||
| Parecoxib vs. Dexketoprofen in Combination With Acetaminophen as Additional Analgesia in Patients With Neuraxial Morphine for the Management of Pain After Cesarean Section. A Randomized, Double Blind, Controlled Trial. [NCT04847024] | 380 participants (Actual) | Interventional | 2019-07-01 | Completed | |||
| Study of the Effect of Dipyrone, Ibuprofen, Paracetamol and Parecoxib on the Platelet Aggregation [NCT00763997] | 80 participants (Actual) | Interventional | 2004-02-29 | Completed | |||
| A Multicenter, Open Label Trial To Evaluate Analgesic Effect Of Intravenous And Subsequent Oral Therapy With Parecoxib/Valdecoxib (Bextra® IM/IV And Bextra®) 40 Mg/Day For Treatment Of Post-Laparoscopic Surgery Pain [NCT00660855] | Phase 4 | 4 participants (Actual) | Interventional | 2004-06-30 | Terminated(stopped due to See Detailed Description.) | ||
| Early Parecoxib Usage to Decreases Narcotic Requirement and Length of Stay After Traumatic Rib Fracture [NCT02749409] | Phase 3 | 17 participants (Actual) | Interventional | 2016-08-08 | Terminated(stopped due to Case numbers not enough, however, the funding is over) | ||
| Non-Steroidal Anti-inflammatory Drugs (NSAIDS) vs. Tramadol in Pain Management After Transnasal Transsphenoidal Surgery Among Patients With Pituitary Adenomas: A Prospective Randomized Controlled Trial [NCT04611685] | 202 participants (Anticipated) | Interventional | 2020-10-31 | Recruiting | |||
| Tumor Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, China [NCT02569905] | Phase 4 | 166 participants (Actual) | Interventional | 2014-04-30 | Completed | ||
| Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center [NCT02552745] | 200 participants (Actual) | Observational | 2014-10-31 | Completed | |||
| Parecoxib as an Adjuvant to Scalp Nerve Blocks for Relief of Post-craniotomy Pain [NCT04034836] | Phase 4 | 132 participants (Anticipated) | Interventional | 2019-10-12 | Recruiting | ||
| A Double-Blind Multicenter Study of the Safety and Efficacy of Parecoxib Sodium/Valdecoxib and Placebo/Valdecoxib Compared to Placebo for Treatment of Post-Surgical Pain in Patients Who Have Coronary Bypass Graft Via Median Sternotomy [NCT00636064] | Phase 3 | 1,671 participants (Actual) | Interventional | 2003-01-31 | Completed | ||
| [NCT01393925] | 126 participants (Actual) | Interventional | 2011-07-31 | Completed | |||
| A Double-Blind, Double-Dummy, Randomized, Multicenter Study Comparing The Analgesic Efficacy And Safety Of Parecoxib 40mg I.V. To Ketoprofen 100mg I.V. In Renal Colic [NCT00553605] | Phase 4 | 340 participants (Actual) | Interventional | 2007-06-30 | Completed | ||
| Randomized, Double-Blind Study Of The Morphine-Sparing Efficacy And Safety Of Parecoxib Sodium 40 Mg IV Followed By 20 Mg IV Every 12 Hours In The Treatment Of Pain Following Radical Prostatectomy [NCT00346268] | Phase 4 | 105 participants (Actual) | Interventional | 2006-12-31 | Terminated(stopped due to See termination reason in detailed description.) | ||
| Effect of COX-2 Selective Inhibitors on Postoperative Insulin Resistance, Tramadol PCA and Early Postoperative Enteral Nutrition in Patients After Gastrointestinal Laparoscopic Surgery [NCT01930318] | Phase 4 | 164 participants (Anticipated) | Interventional | 2013-08-31 | Recruiting | ||
| Perioperative Parecoxib Administration for Pain Management After Total Knee Arthroplasty and Total Hip Arthroplasty-A Randomized, Placebo-controlled Trial [NCT02272660] | Phase 4 | 74 participants (Actual) | Interventional | 2014-10-31 | Completed | ||
| Efficacy and Tolerance of Parecoxib for Prevention of Catheter-related Bladder Discomfort in Patients Undergoing Catheterization After TURBT: A Prospective, Randomized, Placebo-controlled, Double-blind Study [NCT02729935] | Phase 4 | 60 participants (Actual) | Interventional | 2016-03-31 | Completed | ||
| A Double-Blind Comparative Multicenter Study Of The Efficacy And Safety Of Parecoxib IV/IM 40 Mg Vs Placebo On Reducing Opioids Consumption Following Sub Muscular Breast Augmentation Surgery [NCT00435747] | Phase 4 | 0 participants (Actual) | Interventional | Withdrawn | |||
| Comparing the Efficacy of Parecoxib and Ketorolac as Preemptive Analgesia in Patients Undergoing Posterior Lumbar Spinal Fusion [NCT01859585] | Phase 4 | 96 participants (Actual) | Interventional | 2011-03-31 | Completed | ||
| Phase Four Study of Intravenous Parecoxib on Post-craniotomy Pain [NCT00455117] | Phase 4 | 130 participants (Actual) | Interventional | 2006-09-30 | Completed | ||
| A Prospective, Randomized, Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled, Multi-Center Study Of Morphine-Sparing Effect And Safety Of Parecoxib Administered Intravenously For The Treatment Of Postoperative Pain Following Orthopedic Or Gynecological Surgery [NCT00143169] | Phase 3 | 220 participants | Interventional | 2004-09-30 | Completed | ||
| A Multicenter Single-Blind, Single Dose Efficacy and Safety Pilot Study Comparing Intramuscular Parecoxib and Diclofenac in Renal Colic [NCT00139646] | Phase 3 | 50 participants | Interventional | 2002-04-30 | Terminated(stopped due to See Detailed Description) | ||
| Efficiacy of the Selctive COX-2-inhibitor Parecoxibe on the Pathological Low Pressure Pain Threshold (PPT) of Patients With Complex Regional Pain Syndrome (CRPS) [NCT01523379] | 0 participants | Expanded Access | No longer available | ||||
| Effect of Perioperative Electroacupuncture With Tramadol and Ketamine on Postoperative Analgesia in Prostatectomy: a Randomized Placebo-controlled Trial [NCT01526525] | Phase 4 | 70 participants (Actual) | Interventional | 2009-07-31 | Completed | ||
| NSAID With IV-PCA Morphine is an Alternative to Thoracic Epidural Analgesia in Post-thoracotomy Pain [NCT01541137] | 30 participants (Actual) | Interventional | 2004-03-31 | Completed | |||
| Preemptive Analgesic Efficacy of Parecoxib for Reducing Postoperative Pain in Gynecological [NCT06140238] | Phase 4 | 178 participants (Anticipated) | Interventional | 2023-09-10 | Recruiting | ||
| Effect of Parecoxib on the Change of Shoulder Pain Threshold After Gynecological Laparoscopies [NCT01843010] | Phase 4 | 140 participants (Actual) | Interventional | 2013-05-31 | Completed | ||
| Regional Scalp Block Versus IV Parecoxib for Post-operative Cranioplasty Surgery Pain: A Comparison of Pain Score. [NCT05442411] | Phase 1 | 58 participants (Actual) | Interventional | 2021-03-09 | Completed | ||
| Study of Parecoxib Versus Celecoxib Versus Oxycodone on Perioperative Pain Control of Transcatheter Chemoembolization Procedure for Patients With Hepatocelullar Carcinoma [NCT03059238] | Phase 3 | 213 participants (Actual) | Interventional | 2016-09-30 | Completed | ||
| The Efficacy of Intraoperative Parecoxib Combined With Paracetamol for Reducing Opioid Consumption in Patients Undergoing Breast Cancer Surgery Under General Anesthesia: A Prospective Randomized Controlled Trial [NCT05757388] | 60 participants (Anticipated) | Interventional | 2023-03-28 | Recruiting | |||
| The Effect of Doctor-nurse-patient Cooperative Analgesic Linkage Program on Movement Evoked Pain After Laparotomy for Patients With Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Disease [NCT03823846] | 80 participants (Anticipated) | Interventional | 2017-11-01 | Recruiting | |||
| The Influence of Epigenetic Modification in OPRM1 on Postoperative Analgesia and Side Effect Induced by μ-opioid Receptor Agonists [NCT03135795] | Phase 4 | 100 participants (Anticipated) | Interventional | 2017-02-06 | Recruiting | ||
| [information is prepared from clinicaltrials.gov, extracted Sep-2024] | |||||||