etoposide

Research Excerpts

Overview

Etoposide (VP-16) is a potent human DNA topoisomerase II poison, derived from 4'-demethylepipodophyllotoxin, widely used in cancer chemotherapy. Eto is an anti-cancer drug that is associated with serious adverse effects on male reproductive function.

Excerpt	Reference	Relevance
"Etoposide (VP-16) is a potent human DNA topoisomerase II poison, derived from 4'-demethylepipodophyllotoxin, widely used in cancer chemotherapy. "	( Synthesis and biological study of a new series of 4'-demethylepipodophyllotoxin derivatives. Arimondo, PB; Bertounesque, E; Dauzonne, D; Duca, M; Guianvarc'h, D; Kraus-Berthier, L; Léonce, S; Meresse, P; Monneret, C; Pfeiffer, B; Pierré, A; Renard, P; Thirot, S, 2005)	1.77
"Etoposide is a widely used anticancer drug that targets topoisomerase II, an essential nuclear enzyme. "	( A diazirine-based photoaffinity etoposide probe for labeling topoisomerase II. Bodner, A; Chee, GL; Hasinoff, BB; Wu, X; Yalowich, JC, 2010)	2.09
"Etoposide is an anticancer drug that acts by inducing topoisomerase II-mediated DNA cleavage. "	( Polyamine-containing etoposide derivatives as poisons of human type II topoisomerases: Differential effects on topoisomerase IIα and IIβ. De Vivo, M; Kuriappan, JA; Minarini, A; Minniti, E; Onuorah, P; Osheroff, N; Oviatt, AA; Vann, KR, 2018)	2.24
"Etoposide is a widely-used anticancer agent that targets human type II topoisomerases. "	( Synthesis and evaluation of etoposide and podophyllotoxin analogs against topoisomerase IIα and HCT-116 cells. Barton, CE; Bradley, AM; Deweese, JE; Kumar, P; Mercer, SL; Murphy, MB, 2020)	2.29
"Etoposide is a chemotherapeutic medication used to treat various types of cancer, including breast cancer. "	( Pulsed electromagnetic field potentiates etoposide-induced MCF-7 cell death. Jung, BC; Kim, B; Kim, SH; Kim, YS; Lee, Y; Woo, SH, 2022)	2.43
"Etoposide (Eto) is an anti-cancer drug that is associated with serious adverse effects on male reproductive function. "	( Comparative study of the ameliorative effects of omega-3 versus selenium on etoposide-induced changes in Sertoli cells and ectoplasmic specialization of adult rat testes: immunohistochemical and electron microscopic study. Hassan, YF; Khalaf, HA; Moustafa, AM; Omar, NM; Sakkara, ZA, 2022)	2.39
"Etoposide is a broadly employed chemotherapeutic and eukaryotic topoisomerase II poison that stabilizes cleaved DNA intermediates to promote DNA breakage and cytotoxicity. "	( Etoposide promotes DNA loop trapping and barrier formation by topoisomerase II. Berger, JM; Bhatt, N; Inman, JT; Le, TT; Lee, JH; Wang, MD; Wu, M, 2023)	3.8
"Etoposide is a novel natural small molecule targeting Daam1. "	( The novel role of etoposide in inhibiting the migration and proliferation of small cell lung cancer and breast cancer via targeting Daam1. He, Z; Jiang, N; Su, B; Xu, B; Xu, T; Yu, X; Zhang, Y; Zhou, J; Zhu, Y, 2023)	2.69
"Etoposide (ETO) is an anticancer drug that targets topoisomerase II (TOP2). "	( Genome-Wide CRISPR Screens Reveal ZATT as a Synthetic Lethal Target of TOP2-Poison Etoposide That Can Act in a TDP2-Independent Pathway. Chen, J; Chen, Z; Feng, X; Hart, T; Huang, M; Lee, N; Li, S; Nie, L; Park, JM; Tang, M; Wang, C; Xiong, Y; Yin, L; Zhang, H, 2023)	2.58
"Etoposide is a potent topoisomerase II poison, causing double-stranded DNA breaks which lead to cell death if they are not repaired."	( Etoposide: A rider on the cytokine storm. Bailly, C, 2023)	3.07
"Etoposide is a therapeutic option especially in forms refractory to corticosteroid therapy."	( Macrophage activation syndrome, a rare complication of primary Sjögren's syndrome: a case report. Diack, ND; Diagne, N; Dieng, M; Djiba, B; Faye, A; Kane, BS; Ndao, AC; Ndongo, S; Niasse, M; Pouye, A; Sow, M, 2019)	1.24
"Etoposide is a plant-derived drug used clinically to treat several forms of cancer. "	( Total Biosynthesis for Milligram-Scale Production of Etoposide Intermediates in a Plant Chassis. Kim, SY; Lau, W; Sattely, ES; Schultz, BJ, 2019)	2.21
"Etoposide is an extensively prescribed anticancer drug that, unfortunately, causes therapy-related leukemia. "	( Human CREBBP acetyltransferase is impaired by etoposide quinone, an oxidative and leukemogenic metabolite of the anticancer drug etoposide through modification of redox-sensitive zinc-finger cysteine residues. Berthelet, J; Bui, LC; Chomienne, C; Dupret, JM; Duval, R; Gou, P; Guidez, F; Liu, R; Michail, C; Renault, J; Rodrigues Lima, F; Zhang, W, 2021)	2.32
"Etoposide (ETO) is a semi-synthetic derivative of podophyllotoxin with a definite antitumour effect, but its use is hampered by poor solubility and numerous side-effects. "	( Dual-modified albumin-polymer nanocomplexes with enhanced in vivo stability for hepatocellular carcinoma therapy. Chen, P; Liu, H; Liu, Y; Qian, C; Qu, Y; Tang, L; Xin, Y; Xu, Y, 2021)	2.06
"Etoposide is an antineoplastic agent widely used for treatment of many pediatric cancers. "	( Risks and mitigation strategies to prevent etoposide infusion-related reactions in children. Duty, AM; Goldman, JL; Kelley, KL; Miles, N; Suppes, SL; Tillman, EM, 2021)	2.33
"Etoposide, which is a semi-synthetic derivative of podophyllotoxin, a non-alkaloid lignan isolated from the dried roots and rhizomes of"	( Natural Polyphenols as Modulators of Etoposide Anti-Cancer Activity. Kluska, M; Woźniak, K, 2021)	1.62
"Etoposide is a topoisomerase II inhibitor widely used in various humans' solid and hematopoietic cancer, but little data is available concerning its potential antitumor efficacy in dogs."	( Dose escalation study to evaluate safety, tolerability and efficacy of intravenous etoposide phosphate administration in 27 dogs with multicentric lymphoma. Bouchaert, E; Boyé, P; Gomes, B; Hordeaux, J; Marescaux, L; Serres, F; Tierny, D, 2017)	1.4
"Etoposide is a cancer-targeting drug but an overdose of etoposide leads to immunosuppression in patients. "	( Alkaline phosphatase-triggered assembly of etoposide enhances its anticancer effect. Ding, Z; Hai, Z; Kiran, S; Liang, G; Liu, Y; Wang, L; Zhang, H, 2018)	2.19
"Etoposide is an antineoplastic agent used for treating lung cancer, testicular cancer, breast cancer, pediatric cancers, and lymphomas. "	( Toxicological study of the degradation products of antineoplastic agent etoposide in commercial formulation treated by heterogeneous photocatalysis using SrSnO de Sousa Filho, IA; Grisolia, CK; Lobo, TM; Osugi, ME; Weber, IT, 2019)	2.19
"Etoposide is a semi-synthetic compound derived from the plant podophyllum pelltatum and are antineoplastic agents long been used for treatment of human malignancies. "	( Rosemary extract modulates fertility potential, DNA fragmentation, injury, KI67 and P53 alterations induced by etoposide in rat testes. Ahmed, AA; Bayomy, MF; Tousson, E, 2018)	2.14
"Etoposide is a topoisomerase-II inhibitor, which promotes DNA damage and apoptosis of cancer cells."	( Application of Albumin-embedded Magnetic Nanoheaters for Release of Etoposide in Integrated Chemotherapy and Hyperthermia of U87-MG Glioma Cells. Babincová, M; Babinec, P; Durdík, Š; Sourivong, P; Vrbovská, H, 2018)	1.44
"Etoposide (VP16) is a topoisomerase II inhibitor and has been used for the treatment of non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). "	( 17-(Allylamino)-17-Demethoxygeldanamycin Enhances Etoposide-Induced Cytotoxicity via the Downregulation of Xeroderma Pigmentosum Complementation Group C Expression in Human Lung Squamous Cell Carcinoma Cells. Chen, JC; Li, YT; Lin, MC; Lin, YC; Lin, YW; Ma, PF; Peng, YS; Wu, CH; Zheng, HY, 2018)	2.18
"Etoposide is a topoisomerase II inhibitor antitumor agent which is widely used in the treatment of several hematologic malignancies and solid tumors. "	( [Epigenetic effects affecting etoposide distribution and metabolism in the human body]. Erdélyi, DJ; Kovács, ER; Tóth, S, 2018)	2.21
"Etoposide is a well-known and widely used anticancer drug that displays several side effects. "	( Mifepristone potentiates etoposide toxicity in Hep G2 cells by modulating drug transport. Dostál, Z; Kikalová, K; Kosina, P; Mlejnek, P; Modrianský, M, 2019)	2.26
"Etoposide is a key agent in the treatment of small cell lung cancer (SCLC). "	( Association of nephrotoxicity during platinum-etoposide doublet therapy with UGT1A1 polymorphisms in small cell lung cancer patients. Anai, S; Iwama, E; Nakanishi, Y; Okamoto, I; Otsubo, K; Tanaka, K; Yoneshima, Y, 2018)	2.18
"Etoposide is an important agent in the HLH-94 regimen; nevertheless, its use is limited because of possible toxicity to the fetus."	( Requirement for etoposide in the treatment of pregnancy related hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis: a multicenter retrospective study. Chen, B; Chen, Q; Hao, Z; Kang, H; Li, L; Lu, J; Lu, Y; Song, Y; Wang, Z; You, Y, 2019)	1.58
"Etoposide phosphate is a potentially safe alternative for pediatric patients with orthopedic malignancies who experience etoposide hypersensitivity. "	( Etoposide phosphate for pediatric orthopedic malignancies after intravenous etoposide hypersensitivity. Azmy, V; Brooks, JP; Hsu, FI; Luon, D; Price, C; Prozora, SD; Thompson, A, 2020)	3.44
"Etoposide is a key drug in HLH-94/04 regimen."	( Requirement for etoposide in the initial treatment of Epstein-Barr virus-associated haemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis. Song, Y; Wang, Y; Wang, Z, 2019)	1.58
"Etoposide is a widely prescribed anticancer drug that is, however, associated with an increased risk of secondary leukemia. "	( T-Cell Protein Tyrosine Phosphatase Is Irreversibly Inhibited by Etoposide-Quinone, a Reactive Metabolite of the Chemotherapy Drug Etoposide. Berthelet, J; Bui, LC; Busi, F; Chomienne, C; Dupret, JM; Duval, R; Ganesan, S; Guidez, F; Leger, T; Liu, R; Nian, Q; Rodrigues Lima, F; Xu, X; Zhang, W, 2019)	2.19
"Etoposide phosphate is a prodrug of intravenous etoposide recommended for use in patients with demonstrated allergy to etoposide. "	( Hypersensitivity reactions to etoposide phosphate. Kokache, A; Mahmoud, S; Sambasivan, K; Savage, P; Seckl, M, 2014)	2.13
"Etoposide is a DNA topoisomerase 2-targeting drug widely used for the treatment of cancer. "	( Replication-dependent and transcription-dependent mechanisms of DNA double-strand break induction by the topoisomerase 2-targeting drug etoposide. Barr, P; Ricci, B; Tammaro, M; Yan, H, 2013)	2.04
"Etoposide is a topoisomerase II poison widely used in chemotherapy."	( Etoposide resistance in MCF-7 breast cancer cell line is marked by multiple mechanisms. Alpsoy, A; Gündüz, U; Yasa, S, 2014)	2.57
"Oral etoposide is a safe, effective treatment to contain KS and improve QoL which can be achieved without many visits to the hospital and intravenous injections."	( Kaposi's sarcoma in children: an open randomised trial of vincristine, oral etoposide and a combination of vincristine and bleomycin. Bailey, S; Banda, K; Chagaluka, G; Depani, S; Israels, T; Katangwe, T; Molyneux, E; Mukaka, M; Nijram'madzi, J; Stanley, C, 2014)	1.15
"Etoposide is a topoisomerase II poison that is utilized to treat a broad spectrum of human cancers. "	( Etoposide quinone is a covalent poison of human topoisomerase IIβ. Byl, JA; Deweese, JE; Mercer, SL; Osheroff, N; Smith, NA, 2014)	3.29
"Etoposide is a widely used anticancer drug and a DNA topoisomerase II (Top2) inhibitor. "	( FEN1 participates in repair of the 5'-phosphotyrosyl terminus of DNA single-strand breaks. Iwai, S; Kametani, Y; Kuraoka, I; Narita, T; Takahata, C; Tanaka, K, 2016)	1.88
"Etoposide is a topoisomerase II enzyme inhibitor type chemotherapeutic agent which is widely used in the therapy of various cancers. "	( A selective and sensitive stability-indicating HPLC method for the validated assay of etoposide from commercial dosage form and polymeric tubular nanocarriers. Algan, AH; Gumustas, M; Karatas, A; Ozkan, SA, 2016)	2.1
"Etoposide is an anticancer therapeutic that disrupts the catalytic cycle of topoisomerase II and stabilizes enzyme-bound DNA strand breaks."	( Two-Mechanism Model for the Interaction of Etoposide Quinone with Topoisomerase IIα. Deweese, JE; Gibson, EG; King, MM; Mercer, SL, 2016)	1.42
"Oral etoposide monotherapy is an active option for pretreated TET patients, with manageable toxicity profile."	( Activity and safety of oral etoposide in pretreated patients with metastatic or recurrent thymic epithelial tumors (TET): A single-institution experience. Besse, B; Bluthgen, MV; Boutros, C; Fayard, F; Planchard, D; Remon, J, 2016)	1.24
"Etoposide is an inhibitor of DNA topoisomerase II, which causes DNA breaks and induces H2AX phosphorylation."	( Loss of histone H2AX increases sensitivity of immortalized mouse fibroblasts to the topoisomerase II inhibitor etoposide. Coppa, T; Donà, F; Mondello, C; Prosperi, E; Savio, M; Scovassi, AI, 2008)	1.28
"Etoposide is an important component of current HLH treatment regimes."	( Secondary acute myeloid leukemia after etoposide therapy for haemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis. Ariffin, H; RamaChandran, S, 2009)	1.34
"Etoposide is a chemotherapeutic agent that induces cell death by blocking topoisomerase II catalytic function. "	( Carnitine reduces testicular damage in rats treated with etoposide in the prepubertal phase. Miraglia, SM; Okada, FK; Stumpp, T, 2009)	2.04
"Etoposide is a cancer drug that induces strand breaks in cellular DNA by inhibiting topoisomerase II (topoII) religation of cleaved DNA molecules. "	( Numerical analysis of etoposide induced DNA breaks. Gao, Y; Hammarsten, O; Muslimović, A; Nyström, S, 2009)	2.11
"Etoposide is a commonly used drug in testicular cancer chemotherapy. "	( p73 participates in male germ cells apoptosis induced by etoposide. Alvarez, AR; Cisterna, M; Codelia, VA; Moreno, RD, 2010)	2.05
"Etoposide (VP-16) is a topoisomerase-II (topo II) inhibitor chemotherapeutic agent. "	( Moxifloxacin enhances etoposide-induced cytotoxic, apoptotic and anti-topoisomerase II effects in a human colon carcinoma cell line. Fabian, I; Halperin, D; Priel, E; Reuveni, D; Shalit, I, 2010)	2.12
"Etoposide is a widely used anticancer drug in the treatment of different tumors. "	( Etoposide induces apoptosis and upregulation of TACE/ADAM17 and ADAM10 in an in vitro male germ cell line model. Lizama, C; Ludwig, A; Moreno, RD, 2011)	3.25
"Etoposide is a widely used anticancer drug successfully used for the treatment of many types of cancer in children and adults. "	( Myeloperoxidase-dependent oxidation of etoposide in human myeloid progenitor CD34+ cells. Do, D; Feng, WH; Giorgianni, A; Goff, JP; Gollin, SM; Kagan, VE; Lewis, DW; Vlasova, II; Yalowich, JC, 2011)	2.08
"Etoposide is a widely prescribed anticancer drug that stabilizes covalent topoisomerase II-cleaved DNA complexes. "	( Contributions of the D-Ring to the activity of etoposide against human topoisomerase IIα: potential interactions with DNA in the ternary enzyme--drug--DNA complex. Anklin, C; Arimondo, PB; Dauzonne, D; Duca, M; Graves, DE; Jablonksy, MJ; Monneret, C; Osheroff, N; Pitts, SL, 2011)	2.07
"Etoposide is a topoisomerase II poison that is used to treat a variety of human cancers. "	( Etoposide quinone is a redox-dependent topoisomerase II poison. Deweese, JE; Jacob, DA; Mercer, SL; Osheroff, N, 2011)	3.25
"Etoposide (VP-16) is an anti-tumor compound that targets topoisomerase II (top II). "	( A screening of a library of T7 phage-displayed peptide identifies E2F-4 as an etoposide-binding protein. Aoki, S; Kobayashi, S; Kuramochi, K; Morohashi, K; Ohta, K; Sakaguchi, K; Sugawara, F; Takakusagi, Y; Takami, M; Tsukuda, S, 2011)	2.04
"Etoposide is a topoisomerase II alpha (TOP2A) inhibitor, which is used in the treatment of breast cancer."	( Expression analysis of TOP2A, MSH2 and MLH1 genes in MCF7 cells at different levels of etoposide resistance. Gündüz, U; Kaplan, E, 2012)	1.32
"Etoposide (VP16) is a drug used not only for the treatment of lymphoma but also for the collection of peripheral blood stem cells (PBSCs). "	( Retrospective analysis of an efficient peripheral blood stem cell collection and the relation between infused cell dose and clinical outcome in patients with malignant lymphoma and multiple myeloma. Asaka, M; Imamura, M; Ito, S; Morita, A; Murata, N; Ogasawara, R; Sasaki, J; Senoo, N; Tanaka, J; Tsutsumi, Y, 2012)	1.82
"Etoposide is a cytotoxic, topoisomerase II inhibitor, chemotherapeutic agent used in the treatment of lung cancer."	( Probable etoposide interaction with Echinacea. Bossaer, JB; Odle, BL, 2012)	1.52
"Etoposide is a specific inhibitor of topoisomerase II, which is an enzyme that enables double-stranded DNA to pass through another double-stranded DNA. "	( Effects of etoposide on the proliferation of hexaploid H1 (ES) cells. Fujikawa-Yamamoto, K; Miyagoshi, M; Ota, T; Yamagishi, H, 2012)	2.21
"Etoposide is an anticancer agent, which is successfully and extensively used in treatments for various types of cancers in children and adults. "	( Secondary leukemia associated with the anti-cancer agent, etoposide, a topoisomerase II inhibitor. Ezoe, S, 2012)	2.07
"Etoposide (VP-16) is a hydrophobic anticancer agent inhibiting Topoisomerase II, commonly used in pediatric brain chemotherapeutic schemes as mildly toxic. "	( Etoposide encapsulation in surface-modified poly(lactide-co-glycolide) nanoparticles strongly enhances glioma antitumor efficiency. Andry, MC; Callewaert, M; Dukic, S; Gafa, V; Molinari, M; Roullin, VG; Van Gulick, L; Vittier, M, 2013)	3.28
"Etoposide is a semisynthetic, chemotherapeutic drug widely recommended to treat an extensive range of human cancers. "	( Carbon nanotubes enhance the internalization of drugs by cancer cells and decrease their chemoresistance to cytostatics. Ali, S; Biris, A; Casciano, D; Dantuluri, V; Karmakar, A; Mahmood, M; Mustafa, T; Xu, Y; Zhang, Y, 2013)	1.83
"Etoposide (VP-16) is an anticancer agent that induces apoptosis in human leukemic cell lines such as U937 and HL60. "	( Differential influence of etoposide on two caspase-2 mRNA isoforms in leukemic cells. Corcos, L; Logette, E; Solary, E; Solier, S; Wotawa, A, 2002)	2.06
"Etoposide seems to be a better choice for management of cortical and hippocampal tumors because it reduces polyamines, which are associated with tumor cell growth, but not for the management of tumors of the diencephalon and corpus striatum because it increases polyamines."	( Chemotherapeutic targeting of etoposide to regions of the brain on the basis of polyamine level. Nagase, S; Ohkuma, S; Sato, S; Shimosato, K; Watanabe, S, 2002)	1.32
"Etoposide (VP16) is a potent inducer of DNA double-strand breaks (DSBs) and is efficiently used in small cell lung cancer (SCLC) therapy. "	( The role of RAD51 in etoposide (VP16) resistance in small cell lung cancer. Hansen, LT; Helleday, T; Lundin, C; Petersen, LN; Spang-Thomsen, M, 2003)	2.08
"Etoposide is a commonly used anticancer agent that is highly schedule-dependent. "	( The schedule-dependent effects of etoposide in leukaemic cell lines: a function of concentration and duration. Joel, SP; Liu, WM, 2003)	2.04
"Etoposide is a cytostatic drug, known to deplete the monocyte population in mice and rabbits."	( Impact of topoisomerase II inhibition on cytokine and chemokine production. Tarkowski, A; Verdrengh, M, 2003)	1.04
"Etoposide is a substrate for P-glycoprotein, CYP3A4, CYP3A5, and UGT1A1. "	( Effects of prednisone and genetic polymorphisms on etoposide disposition in children with acute lymphoblastic leukemia. Boureau, B; Chen, P; Cook, EH; Das, S; Kishi, S; Morand, S; Pui, CH; Relling, MV; Rosner, GL; Schuetz, E; Yang, W, 2004)	2.02
"Etoposide (VP-16) is a topoisomerase II inhibitor that is effective in a broad spectrum of pediatric and adult malignancies. "	( Oral etoposide for recurrent/progressive sarcomas of childhood. Ayan, I; Görgün, O; Kebudi, R, 2004)	2.28
"Etoposide is a derivative of podophyllotoxin widely used in the treatment of several neoplasms, including small cell lung cancer, germ cell tumours and non-Hodgkin's lymphomas. "	( Pharmacokinetic optimisation of treatment with oral etoposide. Basso, B; Boiocchi, M; Corona, G; Toffoli, G, 2004)	2.02
"Etoposide is a podophyllotoxin semiderivative that is used in a variety of chemotherapy treatments, including therapy for children tumors. "	( Apoptosis and testicular alterations in albino rats treated with etoposide during the prepubertal phase. Freymüller, E; Miraglia, SM; Sasso-Cerri, E; Stumpp, T, 2004)	2
"Etoposide is a DNA topoisomerase II inhibitor widely used in the treatment of a variety of malignancies that is also associated with therapy-related leukemia. "	( Kinetics and regulation of cytochrome P450-mediated etoposide metabolism. Blair, IA; Felix, CA; Zheng, N; Zhuo, X, 2004)	2.02
"Etoposide is an antitumor agent currently in clinical use for the treatment of small cell lung cancer, testicular cancer and lymphomas. "	( Etoposide: discovery and medicinal chemistry. Bertounesque, E; Dechaux, E; Meresse, P; Monneret, C, 2004)	3.21
"Etoposide is an important chemotherapeutic agent that is used to treat a wide spectrum of human cancers. "	( Etoposide, topoisomerase II and cancer. Baldwin, EL; Osheroff, N, 2005)	3.21
"Etoposide (ET) is a chemotherapeutic agent widely used in the treatment of leukaemia, lymphomas and many solid tumours such as testicular and ovarian cancers, all of which are common in patients of reproductive age. "	( Etoposide induces chromosomal abnormalities in mouse spermatocytes and stem cell spermatogonia. Bishop, JB; Marchetti, F; Pearson, FS; Wyrobek, AJ, 2006)	3.22
"LDE-etoposide oleate is a promising new weapon for cancer treatment."	( Evaluation in melanoma-bearing mice of an etoposide derivative associated to a cholesterol-rich nano-emulsion. Ibañez, OC; Lo Prete, AC; Maranhão, RC; Maria, DA; Rodrigues, DG; Valduga, CJ, 2006)	1.08
"Etoposide is a widely used antineoplastic agent that has provided great success in the treatment of childhood leukemias and other malignancies. "	( Myeloperoxidase-catalyzed metabolism of etoposide to its quinone and glutathione adduct forms in HL60 cells. Day, BW; Fan, Y; Giorgianni, A; Schreiber, EM; Yalowich, JC, 2006)	2.04
"Etoposide is a well-known inducer of apoptosis, which is widely used in cell biology and in clinical practice."	( Metaphase arrest and cell death induced by etoposide on HeLa cells. Cañete, M; Cristóbal, J; Gámez, A; Juarranz, A; Moreno, V; Pacheco, M; Rello-Varona, S; Stockert, JC; Villanueva, A, 2006)	1.32
"Etoposide (VP-16) is a topoisomerase II (topo II) inhibitor chemotherapeutic agent. "	( Moxifloxacin enhances antiproliferative and apoptotic effects of etoposide but inhibits its proinflammatory effects in THP-1 and Jurkat cells. Fabian, I; Halperin, D; Levitov, A; Priel, E; Reuveni, D; Shalit, I, 2006)	2.01
"Etoposide is a potent anti-tumor drug that belongs to the class of topoisomerase poisons. "	( Cellular response to etoposide treatment. Biamonti, G; Montecucco, A, 2007)	2.1
"Etoposide is a widely used cytotoxic drug that is commercially available in both intravenous and oral formulations. "	( Pharmacokinetic modulation of oral etoposide by ketoconazole in patients with advanced cancer. Desai, AA; Fleming, GF; House, L; Innocenti, F; Kobayashi, K; Ramirez, J; Ratain, MJ; Schilsky, RL; Shepard, D; Vogelzang, NJ; Yong, WP, 2007)	2.06
"Etoposide is an antineoplastic drug, which targets the DNA unwinding enzyme, topoisomerase II."	( Alterations in mRNA expression of apoptosis-related genes BCL2, BAX, FAS, caspase-3, and the novel member BCL2L12 after treatment of human leukemic cell line HL60 with the antineoplastic agent etoposide. Floros, KV; Florou, D; Scorilas, A; Talieri, M; Thomadaki, H, 2006)	1.24
"Etoposide is a potent inducer of mitotic catastrophe; a type of cell death resulting from aberrant mitosis. "	( Cell death in leukemia: passenger protein regulation by topoisomerase inhibitors. Allen, PD; Cotter, FE; Higginbottom, K; Jahnke, U; Newland, AC, 2007)	1.78
"Etoposide is a cytostatic drug known to reduce macrophages and monocytes in blood circulation."	( Etoposide attenuates zymosan-induced shock in mice. Dimitrova, P; Remichkova, M; Yordanov, M, 2008)	2.51
"Etoposide is a widely prescribed anticancer agent that stabilizes topoisomerase II-mediated DNA strand breaks. "	( Substituents on etoposide that interact with human topoisomerase IIalpha in the binary enzyme-drug complex: contributions to etoposide binding and activity. Anklin, C; Bender, RP; Dunlap, N; Graves, DE; Jablonksy, MJ; Osheroff, N; Romaine, I; Shadid, M, 2008)	2.13
"Etoposide is a potent chemotherapeutic drug largely used against a variety of cancers."	( Sertoli cell morphological alterations in albino rats treated with etoposide during prepubertal phase. Freymuller, E; Miraglia, SM; Stumpp, T, 2008)	1.3
"Etoposide is an effective drug against trophoblastic disease."	( Use of oral VP16-213 as primary chemotherapeutic agent in treatment of gestational trophoblastic disease. Choo, YC; Ma, HK; Wong, LC, 1984)	0.99
"Etoposide (VP 16) is a semi-synthetic derivative of 4'- demethylepipodophyllotoxin , a naturally occurring compound synthesized by the North American May apple (Podophyllum peltatum ) and the Indian species Podophyllum emodi Wallich . "	( Etoposide: a semisynthetic epipodophyllotoxin. Chemistry, pharmacology, pharmacokinetics, adverse effects and use as an antineoplastic agent. Sinkule, JA, )	3.02
"Etoposide is a suitable drug for high-dose chemotherapy."	( High-dose etoposide for refractory malignancies: a phase I study. de Vries, EG; Meinesz, AF; Mulder, NH; Postmus, PE; Sleijfer, DT; Vriesendorp, R, 1984)	1.39
"Etoposide is a semisynthetic podophyllotoxin derivative with a broad spectrum of antitumor activity and a relatively high therapeutic index. "	( [Etoposide VP 16--213)--a podophyllotoxinderivative with high antitumor activity (author's transl)]. Achterrath, W; Niederle, N; Schmoll, HJ, 1981)	2.62
"Etoposide is a widely used cytotoxic drug that requires complex formulation for both the i.v. "	( Stability of the i.v. and oral formulations of etoposide in solution. Clark, PI; Joel, SP; Slevin, ML, 1995)	1.99
"Etoposide is a semi-synthetic, topoisomerase active podophyllotoxin derivative which frequently causes deletions and rearrangements on chromosomes 11q23 and 11q22. "	( Secondary acute myeloblastic leukemia in a child with acute lymphoblastic leukemia treated with epipodophyllotoxins. Cetin, M; Ozbek, N; Tuncer, AM; Yetgin, S, )	1.57
"Etoposide phosphate is a water-soluble pro-drug of etoposide that is rapidly converted to etoposide in vivo with a toxicity profile similar to etoposide. "	( A phase I study of etoposide phosphate administered as a daily 30-minute infusion for 5 days. Barbhaiya, RH; Garrow, C; Greco, A; Hainsworth, JD; Igwenezue, KB; Kaul, S; Miller, AA; Schacter, LP; Srinivas, NR; Thompson, DS, 1995)	2.06
"Etoposide is a schedule-dependent drug, as demonstrated by the superiority of 5 consecutive daily infusions over a continuous 24-hour infusion in patients with small-cell lung cancer. "	( A randomized trial of two etoposide schedules in small-cell lung cancer: the influence of pharmacokinetics on efficacy and toxicity. Clark, PI; Gregory, W; Joel, SP; Johnson, PW; Masud, T; Osborne, RJ; Reznek, R; Slevin, ML; Talbot, DI; Wrigley, PF, 1994)	2.03
"Etoposide is a schedule-dependent cytotoxic drug with high single agent activity in small-cell lung cancer and lymphoma. "	( Etoposide dosage and pharmacodynamics. Joel, SP; Shah, R; Slevin, ML, 1994)	3.17
"Etoposide is a podophyllotoxin deriverative with activity against a wide variety of malignancies. "	( Use of etoposide in patients with organ dysfunction: pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic considerations. Stewart, CF, 1994)	2.19
"Etoposide (VP 16) is an antineoplastic agent that has major activity against a number of tumors, including germ cell neoplasms, small cell lung cancer, and malignant lymphoma. "	( Hypersensitivity reactions to etoposide. A report of three cases and review of the literature. de Souza, P; Friedlander, M; Kirsten, F; Ryan, M; Wilde, C, 1994)	2.02
"Etoposide (VP-16) is an antitumor drug currently in use for the treatment of a number of human cancers. "	( Tyrosinase-induced phenoxyl radicals of etoposide (VP-16): interaction with reductants in model systems, K562 leukemic cell and nuclear homogenates. Gantchev, T; Kagan, V; Stoyanovsky, D; Yalowich, J, 1993)	2
"Etoposide seems to be an active agent in medulloblastoma."	( Etoposide treatment in recurrent medulloblastoma. Boor, R; Gutjahr, P; Huber, A, 1994)	2.45
"Etoposide is an important anti-neoplastic drug, but the best dose and schedule for its administration remain unknown. "	( Chronic etoposide administration: overview of clinical experience. Greco, FA, 1993)	2.16
"Etoposide and melphalan is an effective and well-tolerated intensive therapy regimen in advanced Hodgkin's disease. "	( High-dose etoposide and melphalan, and autologous bone marrow transplantation for patients with advanced Hodgkin's disease: importance of disease status at transplant. Brandwein, J; Couture, F; Crump, M; McCrae, J; Murray, C; Pantalony, D; Scott, JG; Sherret, H; Smith, AM; Sutton, DM, 1993)	2.13
"Etoposide treatment is an acceptable option as salvage therapy in refractory ovarian cancer.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)"	( [The value of etoposide (VP-16) in the therapy of refractory ovarian cancer]. Abfalter, E; Dapunt, O; Hetzel, H; Koza, A; Marth, C; Pointner, E; Windbichler, G; Zeimet, AG, 1993)	1.37
"Oral etoposide is an effective, easily administered outpatient regimen with minimal toxicities. "	( Phase II study of oral etoposide for patients with advanced breast cancer. Atienza, DM; Swain, SM; Trock, B; Vogel, CL, 1995)	1.12
"Etoposide phosphate is a water-soluble prodrug of etoposide. "	( Phase I and pharmacokinetic study of a water-soluble etoposide prodrug, etoposide phosphate (BMY-40481). Balmanno, K; Chapman, F; Charlton, CJ; Gumbrell, L; Igwemezie, LN; Lind, MJ; Millward, MJ; Mummaneni, V; Newell, DR; Proctor, M, 1995)	1.98
"Etoposide is a major antineoplastic agent which was introduced in the clinic in the 1970s. "	( [Etoposide: specificity of prolonged oral administration]. Munck, JN, 1996)	2.65
"Etoposide is a drug whose antineoplastic activity is dependent on the schedule of drug administration. "	( The importance of drug scheduling in cancer chemotherapy: etoposide as an example. Hande, KR, 1996)	1.98
"Etoposide is a topoisomerase II inhibitor that induces DNA cleavable complex and has been used as an antitumor drug. "	( Molecular cloning of the genes suppressed in RVC lymphoma cells by topoisomerase inhibitors. Kizaki, H; Onishi, Y, 1996)	1.74
"Etoposide (VP-16) is an anti-cancer drug commonly used against several types of tumours and leukaemia, either alone or in combination chemotherapy. "	( Combination toxicity of etoposide (VP-16) and photosensitisation with a water-soluble aluminium phthalocyanine in K562 human leukaemic cells. Brasseur, N; Gantchev, TG; van Lier, JE, 1996)	2.04
"Etoposide is a widely used cytotoxic agent with a broad spectrum of activity in human malignancies. "	( Phase I study of high-dose etoposide phosphate in man. Behr, J; Budman, DR; Cherny, RC; Fields, SZ; Ingram, R; Kreis, W; Schacter, LP; Schulman, P; Snow, C; Wright, J; Young, RR, 1996)	2.03
"Etoposide (Vepesid) is a widely used drug in a variety of neoplasms. "	( Etoposide phosphate, the water soluble prodrug of etoposide. Beijnen, JH; Koks, CH; Witterland, AH, 1996)	3.18
"Etoposide is a highly protein bound drug, and monitoring the concentration of free drug could help individualize dosage in oncological patients. "	( Determination of unbound etoposide concentration in ultrafiltered plasma by high-performance liquid chromatography with fluorimetric detection. Aita, P; Boiocchi, M; Robieux, I; Sorio, R; Toffoli, G, 1996)	2.04
"Etoposide plus G-CSF is an effective and safe method for mobilization of PBPCs. "	( Mobilization of peripheral-blood progenitor cells with high-dose etoposide and granulocyte colony-stimulating factor in patients with breast cancer, non-Hodgkin's lymphoma, and Hodgkin's disease. Avalos, BR; Bechtel, TP; Ceselski, SK; Copelan, EA; Elder, PJ; Ezzone, SA; Hehmeyer, DM; Klein, JL; Lasky, LC; Marshall, DD; Penza, SL; Risley, GL; Scholl, MD, 1997)	1.98
"Oral etoposide is an active single agent in small-cell lung cancer (SCLC) and is widely prescribed as first-line treatment as an alternative to intravenous combination chemotherapy in patients with extensive disease."	( Five-day oral etoposide treatment for advanced small-cell lung cancer: randomized comparison with intravenous chemotherapy. Gower, NH; Harper, PG; James, LE; Lamont, A; Rudd, RM; Ruiz de Elvira, MC; Souhami, RL; Spiro, SG, 1997)	1.17
"Etoposide is a topoisomerase II inhibitor with evidence for phase-specific and schedule-dependent activity."	( A phase II study of mitomycin C and oral etoposide for advanced adenocarcinoma of the upper gastrointestinal tract. Boardman, P; Braybrooke, JP; Ganesan, TS; Harris, AL; O'Byrne, KJ; Propper, DJ; Salisbury, AJ; Saunders, MP; Talbot, DC; Taylor, M, 1997)	1.28
"Oral etoposide is a well tolerated and relatively nontoxic chemotherapeutic agent with demonstrated activity in children with recurrent supratentorial gliomas."	( Recurrent supratentorial malignant gliomas in children. Long-term salvage therapy with oral etoposide. Chamberlain, MC, 1997)	1.03
"Etoposide phosphate is a water-soluble prodrug of etoposide. "	( Randomized comparison of etoposide pharmacokinetics after oral etoposide phosphate and oral etoposide. de Jong, RS; de Vries, EG; Groen, HJ; Kaul, S; Mulder, NH; Uges, DR; van der Graaf, WT; Willemse, PH; Winograd, B, 1997)	2.04
"Etoposide (VP-16) is a widely used anticancer drug whose toxicity involves poisoning of topoisomerase II. "	( Inhibition of the topoisomerase II-DNA cleavable complex by the ortho-quinone derivative of the antitumor drug etoposide (VP-16). Gantchev, TG; Hunting, DJ, 1997)	1.95
"Etoposide phosphate is a water-soluble prodrug of etoposide. "	( Conversion of the prodrug etoposide phosphate to etoposide in gastric juice and bile. de Jong, RS; de Vries, EG; Mulder, NH; Slijfer, EA; Uges, DR, 1997)	2.04
"Etoposide is a cytotoxic agent which is frequently employed in paediatric oncology and which is available for intravenous as well as oral application. "	( [Pharmacokinetic aspects of oral administration of etoposide]. Boos, J; Hempel, G; Jürgens, H; Krümpelmann, S; Schulze-Westhoff, P; Tillmann, B; Wagner, A; Würthwein, G, )	1.83
"Etoposide phophate is a phosphate ester prodrug of etoposide designed to improve the pharmaceutical characteristics of the parent compound. "	( Phase I study of etoposide phosphate (etopophos) as a 30-minute infusion on days 1, 3, and 5. Barbhaiya, RH; Fields, SZ; Himpler, BS; Igwemezie, LN; Kaul, S; Litam, PP; McAleer, C; Schacter, LP; Schilder, RJ; Wright, J, 1995)	2.07
"Etoposide is a newer antineoplastic agent that is effective in the treatment of HD."	( The effects of etoposide on testicular function in boys treated for Hodgkin's disease. Brämswig, JH; Gerres, L; Jürgens, H; Schellong, G; Schlegel, W, 1998)	1.37
"Etoposide is a highly schedule-dependent drug. "	( Cisplatin plus oral etoposide in the treatment of patients with advanced small cell lung cancer. Japan Clinical Oncology Group. Asamoto, H; Furuse, K; Iwami, F; Kawahara, M; Kuba, M; Saijo, N; Shimoyama, M; Tamura, T, 1998)	2.07
"Etoposide, which is an agent that stabilise a cleavable complex between DNA and DNA topoisomerase II, shows an increased induction of gene conversion events with increased dose of etoposide."	( DNA damage caused by etoposide and gamma-irradiation induces gene conversion of the MHC in a mouse non-germline testis cell line. Böhme, J; Högstrand, K, 1999)	1.34
"Etoposide is a hyperbolic noncompetitive inhibitor of the ATPase activity with a K(i)(app) of 5.6 microM no inhibition of ATP hydrolysis is seen in the absence of DNA cleavage."	( Yeast topoisomerase II is inhibited by etoposide after hydrolyzing the first ATP and before releasing the second ADP. Lindsley, JE; Morris, SK, 1999)	1.29
"Etoposide is a potent anticancer agent that is used to treat various tumors. "	( Differential responses of Bcl-2 family genes to etoposide in chronic myeloid leukemia K562 cells. Fukumi, S; Horiguchi-Yamada, J; Nagai, M; Nakada, S; Ohno, T; Yamada, H, 2000)	2.01
"Etoposide is an antineoplastic agent which acts by forming a ternary complex with topoisomerase II and DNA, causing DNA breaks and cell death. "	( Etoposide encapsulated in positively charged liposomes: pharmacokinetic studies in mice and formulation stability studies. Gupta, SK; Gupta, YK; Sengupta, S; Tyagi, P; Velpandian, T, 2000)	3.19
"Etoposide is a routinely used mixed-mechanism 'efflux' inhibitor; however, its absorptive and secretory transport kinetics in rabbit intestinal tissues, a commonly used animal model, have not yet been reported."	( Active efflux kinetics of etoposide from rabbit small intestine and colon. Kunta, J; Makhey, VD; Sinko, PJ; Yan, J, 2000)	1.33
"Etoposide is an effective anticancer agent whose antitumor activity is associated with its phenolic E-ring, which can participate in intracellular redox cycling reactions. "	( Pro-oxidant and antioxidant mechanisms of etoposide in HL-60 cells: role of myeloperoxidase. Kagan, VE; Kuzmenko, AI; Matsura, T; Shvedova, AA; Tyurina, YY; Yalowich, JC, 2001)	2.02
"Etoposide is a schedule-dependent agent with greater activity against small cell lung cancer (SCLC) when a given dose is administered over several days compared with a 1-day administration of the same dose. "	( A phase II trial of cisplatin and prolonged administration of oral etoposide in extensive-stage small cell lung cancer. DeVore, RF; Greco, FA; Hainsworth, JD; Hande, KR; Johnson, DH; Murphy, PB, 1992)	1.96
"Etoposide is a highly schedule-dependent agent. "	( Prolonged administration of oral etoposide plus cisplatin in extensive stage small cell lung cancer. Greco, FA; Hainsworth, JD; Hande, KR; Johnson, DH; Murphy, PB, 1992)	2.01
"Etoposide has proven to be an active agent in the treatment of a variety of neoplasms, particularly germ cell cancers and small cell lung cancer. "	( Chronic oral etoposide: trials at Indiana University and with the Hoosier Oncology Group. Loehrer, PJ, 1992)	2.1
"Etoposide is an important antineoplastic drug. "	( Etoposide: seeking the best dose and schedule. Greco, FA, 1992)	3.17
"Etoposide is an important component of several intensive therapy regimens in allogeneic and autologous bone marrow transplantation for advanced hematologic malignancies. "	( Acute transient parotitis after high dose etoposide and autologous bone marrow transplantation. Brandwein, JM; Crump, M; Keating, A; Scott, JG; Sutcliffe, SB, 1990)	1.99
"Etoposide (VP16) is a semisynthetic epipodophyllotoxin derivative effective in the treatment of malignancies of the monocyte-macrophage lineage and used in resistant or relapsed childhood LCH."	( Langerhans-cell histiocytosis--excellent response to etoposide. Chu, AC; Mayou, SC; Munro, DD; Plowman, N, 1991)	1.25
"Etoposide is a schedule-dependent drug with excellent activity against small cell lung cancer (SCLC). "	( Current status of etoposide in the management of small cell lung cancer. Greco, FA; Hainsworth, JD; Hande, KR; Johnson, DH, 1991)	2.06
"Etoposide is a phase-specific, schedule-dependent derivative of podophyllotoxin that appears to act by inhibiting DNA-topoisomerase II. "	( Etoposide in the management of non-small cell lung cancer. Ruckdeschel, JC, 1991)	3.17
"Etoposide (VP-16-213) is an antineoplastic agent with demonstrated efficacy against a broad spectrum of human malignancies, including testicular, germ cell, lung, and other cancers. "	( Etoposide. Current and future status. Aisner, J; Lee, EJ, 1991)	3.17
"Etoposide is an important drug that has been recently incorporated with other agents in the curative treatment of patients with advanced neoplasms, including germ cell tumors, non-Hodgkin's lymphomas (NHL), and small cell lung cancer (SCLC). "	( Chronic oral etoposide. Greco, FA; Hainsworth, JD; Johnson, DH, 1991)	2.09
"Etoposide is an active drug in the treatment of PDC of unknown primary site."	( The role of etoposide in the treatment of poorly differentiated carcinoma of unknown primary site. Greco, FA; Hainsworth, JD; Johnson, DH, 1991)	1.38
"Etoposide is an important chemotherapeutic agent in the treatment of selected patients with germ cell tumors, lymphomas, and small cell lung cancer (SCLC). "	( Future directions for etoposide therapy. Greco, FA, 1991)	2.04
"Etoposide is a phase-specific, cytotoxic drug acting in the late S and early G2 phases of the cell cycle."	( The clinical pharmacology of etoposide. Slevin, ML, 1991)	1.29
"Etoposide is a useful antineoplastic drug, but its optimal dose and schedule of administration remain unknown. "	( Chronic daily administration of oral etoposide. Greco, FA; Hainsworth, JD; Johnson, DH, 1990)	1.99
"Etoposide is an increasingly used and well-tolerated drug in cancer medicine. "	( A randomized trial to evaluate the effect of schedule on the activity of etoposide in small-cell lung cancer. Clark, PI; Gregory, WM; Joel, SP; Lowe, DG; Malik, S; Osborne, RJ; Reznek, RH; Slevin, ML; Wrigley, PF, 1989)	1.95
"Etoposide (VP-16) is a semisynthetic podophyllotoxin derivative that is active against a number of solid and hematologic malignancies. "	( Cutaneous pathology following etoposide therapy. Farmer, ER; Friedman, KJ; Hood, AF; Yokel, BK, 1987)	2
"Etoposide is an active drug against choriocarcinoma."	( Primary oral etoposide therapy in gestational trophoblastic disease. An update. Choo, YC; Ma, HK; Wong, LC, 1986)	1.36
"Etoposide (VP-16) is a semisynthetic epipodophyllotoxin that exhibits cell cycle phase specific cytotoxicity and enhanced effectiveness with increasing duration of drug exposure. "	( Phase I clinical and pharmacological study of 72-hour continuous infusion of etoposide in patients with advanced cancer. Bennett, CL; Choi, KE; Schilsky, RL; Senekjian, E; Sinkule, JA, 1987)	1.94

Effects

Oral etoposide has an established role as a single agent in patients with low grade non-Hodgkin's lymphoma, Kaposi's sarcoma, and testicular cancer. Oral etopOSide monotherapy has a favorable safety and efficacy profile in other tumor types.

Oral etoposide (VP-16) has shown clinical efficacy in advanced small cell lung carcinoma, breast cancer, germ cell tumors and lymphomas. Etoposide has been used with cisplatin and bleomycin as a first-line combination chemotherapy since the early 1980s.

Excerpt	Reference	Relevance
"Oral etoposide monotherapy has a favorable safety and efficacy profile in other tumor types."	( Activity and safety of oral etoposide in pretreated patients with metastatic or recurrent thymic epithelial tumors (TET): A single-institution experience. Besse, B; Bluthgen, MV; Boutros, C; Fayard, F; Planchard, D; Remon, J, 2016)	1.18
"Oral etoposide has an established role as a single agent in patients with low grade non-Hodgkin's lymphoma, Kaposi's sarcoma, and testicular cancer (if residual carcinoma is resected after first-line treatment)."	( Extended-schedule oral etoposide in selected neoplasms and overview of administration and scheduling issues. Hainsworth, JD, 1999)	1.07
"Oral etoposide has an average bioavailability of 50% (range, 17%-137%), with substantial intrapatient and interpatient variability."	( Etoposide: an update. Fleming, RA; Miller, AA; Stewart, CF, 1989)	2.17
"Etoposide has been used for the treatment of severe refractory MAS based on the successful results of HLH-2004 protocol in patients with mostly primary form of HLH."	( Successful use of short-term add-on tocilizumab for refractory adult-onset still's disease with macrophage activation syndrome despite treatment with high-dose glucocorticoids, cyclosporine, and etoposide. Maeda, S; Naniwa, T; Ohmura, SI; Tamechika, S; Uehara, K; Yamabe, T, 2020)	1.47
"Etoposide has been associated with infusion-related reactions."	( Risks and mitigation strategies to prevent etoposide infusion-related reactions in children. Duty, AM; Goldman, JL; Kelley, KL; Miles, N; Suppes, SL; Tillman, EM, 2021)	1.61
"Etoposide (ETO) has been used in treating adrenocortical tumor (ACT) cells. "	( Etoposide Triggers Cellular Senescence by Inducing Multiple Centrosomes and Primary Cilia in Adrenocortical Tumor Cells. Chang, HC; Chao, YY; Cheng, HL; Lien, WC; Teng, YN; Wang, CY, 2021)	3.51
"Oral etoposide has demonstrated clinical activity in this setting in small-scale studies, but its efficacy has not been compared to that of other chemotherapy regimens."	( Oral etoposide in heavily pre-treated metastatic breast cancer: results from the ESME cohort and comparison with other chemotherapy regimens. Cabel, L; Carton, M; Cheaib, B; Dalenc, F; Debled, M; Desmoulins, I; Eymard, JC; Ferrero, JM; Gonçalves, A; Jacot, W; Lefeuvre, C; Leheurteur, M; Lerebours, F; Levy, C; Mailliez, A; Mouret-Reynier, MA; Pérol, D; Perrocheau, G; Petit, T; Pierga, JY; Piot, I; Simon, G; Uwer, L, 2019)	1.48
"Oral etoposide has been used as a single agent or in combination for treating relapsed brain tumors since the 1990s."	( Old drugs still work! Oral etoposide in a relapsed medulloblastoma. Andión, M; Lassaletta, A; Lavarino, C; López-Pino, MA; Madero, L; Perez-Somarriba, M, 2019)	1.27
"Etoposide also has been widely used to enhance antileukemic effect."	( Favorable outcome of hematopoietic stem cell transplantation using a targeted once-daily intravenous busulfan-fludarabine-etoposide regimen in pediatric and infant acute lymphoblastic leukemia patients. Ahn, HS; Jang, IJ; Jang, MK; Kang, HJ; Kim, H; Kim, NH; Kim, S; Lee, JW; Lee, SH; Park, JD; Park, KD; Shin, HY; Song, SH; Yu, KS, 2015)	1.35
"Oral etoposide (VP-16) has previously been found to be clinically active in MBC patients in phase II trials."	( A retrospective analysis of the activity and safety of oral Etoposide in heavily pretreated metastatic breast cancer patients. Aglietta, M; Berrino, G; Milani, A; Montemurro, F; Valabrega, G, )	0.83
"Etoposide has been reported to inhibit atherosclerosis in rabbits with un-fully elucidated mechanisms."	( Regulation of Hepatic Cholesteryl Ester Transfer Protein Expression and Reverse Cholesterol Transport by Inhibition of DNA Topoisomerase II. Chen, Y; Duan, Y; Han, J; Jiang, XC; Li, X; Liu, M; Ma, X; Qin, S; Wang, Q; Xiang, R; Yu, Y; Zhang, L; Zhu, Y, 2015)	1.14
"Oral etoposide monotherapy has a favorable safety and efficacy profile in other tumor types."	( Activity and safety of oral etoposide in pretreated patients with metastatic or recurrent thymic epithelial tumors (TET): A single-institution experience. Besse, B; Bluthgen, MV; Boutros, C; Fayard, F; Planchard, D; Remon, J, 2016)	1.18
"Etoposide has variable oral bioavailability ranging from 24-74% and has terminal half life of 1.5 hours by intravenous route."	( Formulation optimization of etoposide loaded PLGA nanoparticles by double factorial design and their evaluation. Sawant, KK; Yadav, KS, 2010)	1.38
"Oral etoposide has shown some promises in these patients."	( Oral etoposide monotherapy is effective for metastatic breast cancer with heavy prior therapy. Fan, Y; Li, Q; Ma, F; Wang, JY; Xu, BH; Yuan, P; Zhang, P, 2012)	1.35
"Etoposide has also been tested in a wide range of combination regimens, but for many of these combinations, relatively few patients are included, and some combinations have only been tested in patients who have undergone autologous transplants."	( High-dose etoposide in allogeneic stem cell transplantation. Ahmed, AB; Bruserud, O; Hatfield, KJ; Kittang, AO; Reikvam, H; Sjo, M; Tvedt, TH, 2012)	1.5
"Oral etoposide has considerable activity with a tolerable toxicity profile for the treatment of platinum-resistant epithelial ovarian cancer."	( Oral etoposide (VP16) in platinum-resistant epithelial ovarian cancer (EOC). Alici, S; Aydiner, A; Eralp, Y; Saip, P; Topuz, E, 2003)	1.29
"Etoposide has shortcomings of limited neoplastic activity against several solid tumors such as non-small cell lung cancer, cross-resistance to MDR tumor cell lines and low bioavailability."	( Etoposide: discovery and medicinal chemistry. Bertounesque, E; Dechaux, E; Meresse, P; Monneret, C, 2004)	2.49
"Etoposide has been found to induce DSBs in 6-12 h, which was followed by apoptosis (in 24 h)."	( [Comparison of geno- and cytotoxicity of methylnitrosourea on MMR-proficient and MMR-deficient human tumor cell lines]. Kramarenko, II; Smirnova, TD; Terekhov, SM; Tronov, VA, 2006)	1.06
"Etoposide also has demonstrated activity in refractory pediatric neoplasms, hepatocellular, esophageal, gastric and prostatic carcinoma, ovarian cancer, chronic and acute leukemias and non-small cell lung cancer, although additional single and combination drug studies are needed to substantiate these data."	( Etoposide: a semisynthetic epipodophyllotoxin. Chemistry, pharmacology, pharmacokinetics, adverse effects and use as an antineoplastic agent. Sinkule, JA, )	2.3
"Oral etoposide has considerable activity in small cell lung cancer and the low risk of toxicity has resulted in the frequent prescription of this agent in elderly or infirmed patients. "	( Fatal pulmonary toxicity following oral etoposide therapy. Dajczman, E; Frank, H; Kreisman, H; Srolovitz, H, 1995)	1.07
"Etoposide has reported synergism with these alkylators and produces mucositis as its dose-limiting toxicity."	( High-dose ifosfamide/carboplatin/etoposide with autologous hematopoietic stem cell support: safety and future directions. Antman, KH; Ayash, LJ; Elias, AD; Frei, E; Mazanet, R; McCauley, M; Schnipper, L; Schwartz, G; Tepler, I; Wheeler, C, 1994)	1.29
"Etoposide has demonstrated highly significant clinical activity against a wide variety of neoplasms, including germ-cell malignancies, small-cell lung cancer, non-Hodgkin's lymphomas, leukemias, Kaposi's sarcoma, neuroblastoma, and soft-tissue sarcomas. "	( Etoposide: current status and future perspectives in the management of malignant neoplasms. Aisner, J; Belani, CP; Doyle, LA, 1994)	3.17
"Etoposide has been used in the treatment of a wide variety of neoplasms, including small-cell lung cancer, Kaposi's sarcoma, testicular cancer, acute leukemia, and lymphoma. "	( Pharmacodynamics and long-term toxicity of etoposide. Kobayashi, K; Ratain, MJ, 1994)	1.99
"Etoposide has been most clearly shown to be schedule dependent in clinical studies."	( Schedule-dependent topoisomerase II-inhibiting drugs. Joel, SP; Slevin, ML, 1994)	1.01
"Etoposide has been shown to be an effective agent against Langerhans cell histiocytosis (LCH) and has gained wider use recently for first-line and salvage chemotherapy in cases of systemic LCH."	( Acute promyelocytic leukemia with t(15;17) abnormality after chemotherapy containing etoposide for Langerhans cell histiocytosis. Egi, S; Horibe, K; Katayama, I; Kitabayashi, T; Matsushita, T; Miyajima, Y; Numata, S; Sekiguchi, N; Yanai, M, 1993)	1.23
"Oral etoposide (VP-16) has shown clinical efficacy in advanced small cell lung carcinoma, breast cancer, germ cell tumors, and lymphomas, A synergistic effect between etoposide and alkylating agents such as estramustine was recently reported."	( Phase II study of the oral cyclophosphamide and oral etoposide combination in hormone-refractory prostate carcinoma patients. Chrétien, Y; Delanian, S; Dufour, B; Hennequin, C; Housset, M; Maulard-Durdux, C, 1996)	1
"Etoposide has proved to be one of the most effective agents for trophoblastic disease."	( [Etoposide (VP-16) in gynecologic malignancy]. Kanazawa, K; Moromizato, H, 1996)	1.93
"Etoposide has been used with cisplatin and bleomycin as a first-line combination chemotherapy since the early 1980s."	( [The role of etoposide therapy in urogenital cancer]. Akaza, H; Kawai, K, 1996)	1.38
"Etoposide has schedule-dependent cytotoxic activity, and clinical resistance may be overcome with prolonged low-dose therapy. "	( Phase I and pharmacokinetic study of etoposide phosphate by protracted venous infusion in patients with advanced cancer. Creaven, PJ; Gunton, KE; Meropol, NJ; Noel, D; Pendyala, L; Schacter, LP; Soni, N, 1997)	2.01
"Oral etoposide has limited activity as third- or fourth-line agent and produces significant hematologic toxicity in patients with heavily pretreated metastatic breast cancer."	( Daily oral etoposide in patients with heavily pretreated metastatic breast cancer. Hortobagyi, GN; Pusztai, L; Theriault, RL; Valero, V; Walters, RS, 1998)	1.15
"Oral etoposide has attracted attention as a single agent for palliation in patients with advanced small cell lung carcinoma."	( Chemotherapy for small cell lung carcinoma: the Greenlane Hospital experience 1993-1995. Christmas, TI; Lee, YC; McCrystal, MR, 1998)	0.76
"Oral etoposide therapy has been tried as a maintenance or a palliative chemotherapy for non-curative or high-risk germ cell tumor."	( [Progress in oral anti-cancer drug therapy for urological cancer]. Akaza, H; Tsukamoto, S, 1999)	0.76
"Oral etoposide has been shown to be effective against some solid tumor types. "	( Oral etoposide for patients with advanced adenocarcinoma of the pancreas. Ajani, JA; Dumas, P; Thomas, E, )	1.16
"Oral etoposide has activity in a wide variety of tumors and is well tolerated. "	( Phase II trial of oral etoposide in recurrent or refractory endometrial adenocarcinoma: a southwest oncology group study. Alberts, DS; Delmore, JE; Fine, BA; Hannigan, EV; Liu, PY; Moore, DF; Poplin, EA; Potkul, RK; Wilczynski, S, 1999)	1.13
"Oral etoposide has been tested alone and in combination in a number of tumour types since the late 1980s because of its mild toxicity, high response rates, ease of administration, and comparatively low cost. "	( The role of oral etoposide in non-small cell lung cancer. Comis, RL; Friedland, DM; Good, BC, 1999)	1.16
"Oral etoposide has also been studied as maintenance therapy in patients who have been treated with salvage chemotherapy or surgery, with results that compare favourably with historical data."	( Oral etoposide in germ cell tumours. Saxman, S, 1999)	1.27
"Oral etoposide has proven to be active in and clearly beneficial for patients with previously treated lymphomas."	( Oral etoposide in lymphoma. Greco, FA, 1999)	1.27
"Oral etoposide has been studied in numerous clinical trials for the treatment of recurrent ovarian cancer. "	( Oral etoposide for the treatment of recurrent ovarian cancer. Ozols, RF, 1999)	1.33
"Oral etoposide has an established role as a single agent in patients with low grade non-Hodgkin's lymphoma, Kaposi's sarcoma, and testicular cancer (if residual carcinoma is resected after first-line treatment)."	( Extended-schedule oral etoposide in selected neoplasms and overview of administration and scheduling issues. Hainsworth, JD, 1999)	1.07
"Etoposide efflux may have been inhibited, not because of (competitive) inhibition by BSO or disturbance of the energy required for this process, but probably because of plasma membrane alterations."	( Modulation by D,L-buthionine-S,R-sulphoximine of etoposide cytotoxicity on human non-small cell lung, ovarian and breast carcinoma cell lines. Lafleur, MV; Lankelma, J; Mans, DR; Pinedo, HM; Retèl, J; Schuurhuis, GJ; Treskes, M, 1992)	1.26
"Etoposide has been in clinical trials for over 2 decades. "	( Oral etoposide in oncology: an evolving role. Comis, RL, 1992)	2.24
"Etoposide has proven to be an active agent in the treatment of a variety of neoplasms, particularly germ cell cancers and small cell lung cancer. "	( Chronic oral etoposide: trials at Indiana University and with the Hoosier Oncology Group. Loehrer, PJ, 1992)	2.1
"Etoposide has attracted more widespread use and study, although no evidence suggests a differing mode of action or spectrum of anticancer activity."	( Clinical pharmacology and schedule dependency of the podophyllotoxin derivatives. Clark, PI, 1992)	1
"Etoposide has been used to intensify postinduction therapy with or without bone marrow rescue, but its exact role in that setting has not been clarified."	( Etoposide in the treatment of leukemias. Bishop, JF, 1992)	2.45
"Etoposide has modest single-agent activity (21% partial response rate) in patients with previously untreated metastatic gastric carcinoma. "	( Etoposide in gastric cancer. Havlin, KA; Macdonald, JS, 1992)	3.17
"Etoposide has played a prominent role in the treatment of many common and uncommon malignancies. "	( Role of etoposide in treatment of breast cancer. Nichols, CR, 1992)	2.16
"Etoposide has been used in the treatment of a wide variety of neoplasms, including small cell lung cancer. "	( New perspectives on the toxicity of etoposide. Kobayashi, K; Ratain, MJ, 1992)	2
"Etoposide has been used successfully in combination with cytarabine, daunorubicin, and amsacrine for salvage and consolidation therapies."	( Etoposide in leukemia. Bishop, JF; Cooper, IA; Joshua, D; Lowethal, R; Matthews, JP; Wolf, MM, 1991)	2.45
"Etoposide has recently been proven useful in selected patients with gastric, ovarian, and poorly differentiated carcinoma of unknown primary site."	( Future directions for etoposide therapy. Greco, FA, 1991)	1.32
"Etoposide has been shown to be a highly schedule-dependent drug in clinical studies."	( The clinical pharmacology of etoposide. Slevin, ML, 1991)	1.29
"Etoposide has been used successfully in combination with cytarabine, daunorubicin, and amsacrine as salvage and consolidation therapy."	( Etoposide in the management of leukemia: a review. Bishop, JF, 1991)	2.45
"Etoposide has activity in APUD tumors; further studies with this agent are indicated."	( Phase II trial of etoposide in APUD tumors. Cheng, E; Fiore, J; Heelan, R; Kelsen, D; Magill, G, 1987)	1.33
"Oral etoposide has an average bioavailability of 50% (range, 17%-137%), with substantial intrapatient and interpatient variability."	( Etoposide: an update. Fleming, RA; Miller, AA; Stewart, CF, 1989)	2.17
"Etoposide has been added to this regimen, and 32 stage IIIM0 non-small cell lung cancer patients have been treated with the 3-drug regimen resulting in a 73% clinical partial remission rate."	( Phase II trial of therapy with etoposide, 5-fluorouracil by continuous infusion, cisplatin, and simultaneous split-course radiation in stage III non-small cell bronchogenic carcinoma. Bonomi, P; Faber, LP; Kittle, CF; Lee, MS; Pincus, M; Reddy, S; Rowland, KM; Taylor, SG; Warren, W, 1988)	1.28
"Oral etoposide has been used in several large combination chemotherapy studies safely and with clear efficacy."	( Oral etoposide in small-cell lung cancer. Comis, RL, 1986)	1.24
"Etoposide for oral use has become commercially available and is approved for use in the treatment of SCLC."	( Oral etoposide. Phillips, NC, 1988)	1.51
"Etoposide (VP-16-213) has been used in the treatment of many solid tumors and hematologic malignancies. "	( Acute neurologic dysfunction after high-dose etoposide therapy for malignant glioma. Daly, MB; Harden, EA; Johnson, DB; Leff, RS; Mercier, RJ; Messerschmidt, GL; Thompson, JM, 1988)	1.98
"Etoposide has been shown to be a highly schedule-dependent drug in clinical studies."	( The clinical pharmacology of etoposide and teniposide. Clark, PI; Slevin, ML, 1987)	1.29

Actions

Etoposide phosphate displays excellent patient tolerance in conventional dosages when administered as a 5-minute intravenous bolus. E toposide is known to inhibit the activity of topoisomerase II, and to possess radiosensitizing effects.

Excerpt	Reference	Relevance
"Etoposide is known to produce hypersensitivity reactions during administration."	( A pediatric desensitization protocol for etoposide. Fernandez, KS; Koole, W; Martinez, N; Miyasaki, A; Roh, L, 2020)	1.55
"Etoposide induced the lower levels of ICD and the highest levels of autophagy, suggesting that the cytoprotective role of autophagy is dominant in relation to its pro-ICD role."	( Damage-associated molecular patterns (DAMPs) related to immunogenic cell death are differentially triggered by clinically relevant chemotherapeutics in lung adenocarcinoma cells. Andrade, CF; Figueiró, F; Filippi-Chiela, E; Gonzalez, EA; Klamt, F; Nunes, V; Pilar, ES; Solari, JIG, 2020)	1.28
"Etoposide promotes apoptotic rather than proinflammatory lytic cell death, conceivably ameliorating subsequent systemic inflammation."	( Therapeutic administration of etoposide coincides with reduced systemic HMGB1 levels in macrophage activation syndrome. Andersson, U; Erlandsson Harris, H; Henter, JI; Horne, AC; Palmblad, K; Schierbeck, H; Sundberg, E, 2021)	1.63
"Etoposide displays narrow therapeutic index, erratic pharmacokinetics and dose individualization that needs to be achieved for overcoming inter- and intra-patient variability (25-80 percent), so as to maintain proper drug exposure within a therapeutic range."	( Pharmaceutical and pharmacological approaches for bioavailability enhancement of etoposide. Johri, RK; Najar, IA, 2014)	1.35
"This etoposide-induced increase in FL2-W was more apparent in G2/M phase than other cell cycle phases, suggesting that etoposide-induced nuclear enlargement preferentially occurred in G2/M phase cells rather than in G0/G1 or S phase cells."	( Flow cytometric fluorescence pulse width analysis of etoposide-induced nuclear enlargement in HCT116 cells. Kang, K; Lee, SB; Nho, CW; Yoo, JH, 2010)	1.07
"Oral etoposide displays high intervariability and intravariability. "	( Level of evidence for therapeutic drug monitoring for etoposide after oral administration. Gerritsen-van Schieveen, P; Royer, B, 2011)	1.13
"Oral etoposide displays high inter- and intra-variability. "	( [Level of evidence for therapeutic drug monitoring for etoposide after oral administration]. Hulin, A; Muret, P; Royer, B; Schieveen, PG, )	0.89
"Etoposide is known to activate a wide range of intracellular signals, which may in turn induce cellular responses other than apoptosis."	( Etoposide induces apoptosis and upregulation of TACE/ADAM17 and ADAM10 in an in vitro male germ cell line model. Lizama, C; Ludwig, A; Moreno, RD, 2011)	2.53
"Etoposide did not cause any discomfort."	( Feasibility of long-term intraventricular therapy with mafosfamide (n = 26) and etoposide (n = 11): experience in 26 children with disseminated malignant brain tumors. Czech, T; Dieckmann, K; Dietrich, W; Falger, J; Günes, M; Hainfellner, J; Pillwein, K; Prayer, D; Rössler, K; Schuller, E; Slavc, I, 2003)	1.27
"Etoposide promotes accumulation of cells in late S phase and in G2."	( A phase I trial of paclitaxel and etoposide for metastatic or recurrent malignancies. Green, MR; Lilenbaum, RC; MacManus, DA, 1995)	1.29
"Etoposide phosphate displays excellent patient tolerance in conventional dosages when administered as a 5-minute intravenous bolus. "	( Phase I evaluation of a water-soluble etoposide prodrug, etoposide phosphate, given as a 5-minute infusion on days 1, 3, and 5 in patients with solid tumors. Allen, SL; Behr, J; Budman, DR; Hock, K; Igwemezie, LN; Kaul, S; Kolitz, J; Lichtman, S; Schulman, P; Vinciguerra, V, 1994)	2
"Etoposide displays remarkable schedule dependency. "	( Prolonged administration of low dose infusional etoposide in patients with advanced malignancies. A phase I/II study. Greco, FA; Hainsworth, JD; Hande, KR; Holzmer, M; Thompson, DS, 1994)	1.99
"Etoposide also promotes the time-dependent accumulation of small minicircle catenanes."	( Mitochondrial topoisomerase II activity is essential for kinetoplast DNA minicircle segregation. Shapiro, TA, 1994)	1.01
"Etoposide was added because of its synergistic action with platinum compounds."	( Combination chemotherapy with cisplatin, carboplatin, and etoposide in advanced malignancy: a phase I trial. Camoriano, JK; Fitch, TR; Frytak, S; Rajkumar, SV; Rubin, J, 1997)	1.26
"Etoposide caused an increase in the mean fluorescence intensity of FasR in both subclones, and an induction of FasL in the ES subclone."	( Etoposide-induced apoptosis is not associated with the fas pathway in acute myeloblastic leukemia cells. Koistinen, P; Mäntymaa, P; Säily, M; Savolainen, E; Siitonen, T, 2000)	2.47
"Etoposide is known to inhibit the activity of topoisomerase II, and to possess radiosensitizing effects. "	( Etoposide protects mice from radiation-induced bone marrow death. Ando, K; Isono, K; Koike, S; Yamada, S, 1990)	3.16

Treatment

Etoposide treatment of HBV infected HepG2-NTCP cells led to increased levels of secreted HBe antigen and intracellular HBc protein. The treatment significantly delayed tumour progression with a marked reduction in Ki-67 immunoreactivity in tumour tissue.

Excerpt	Reference	Relevance
"Etoposide treatment of HBV infected HepG2-NTCP cells led to increased levels of secreted HBe antigen and intracellular HBc protein."	( ATM-Dependent Phosphorylation of Hepatitis B Core Protein in Response to Genotoxic Stress. Hirsch, I; Hodek, J; Krulova, K; Lubyova, B; Tikalova, E; Weber, J; Zabransky, A, 2021)	1.34
"Etoposide treatment led to a gradual time-dependent increase in TERRAs."	( Increased amounts and stability of telomeric repeat-containing RNA (TERRA) following DNA damage induced by etoposide. Bae, J; Choi, JS; Choi, Y; Hoh, JK; Lee, WM; Oh, BK, 2019)	1.45
"Etoposide single agent treatment significantly delayed tumour progression with a marked reduction in Ki-67 immunoreactivity in tumour tissue."	( Anti-tumour efficacy of etoposide alone and in combination with piroxicam against canine osteosarcoma in a xenograft model. Choisunirachon, N; Kok, MK; Nakagawa, T; Nishimura, R; Ong, SM; Saeki, K; Tanaka, Y; Yoshitake, R, 2017)	1.48
"Etoposide treatment induced depletion in counts, motility and viability of rat sperms."	( Rosemary extract modulates fertility potential, DNA fragmentation, injury, KI67 and P53 alterations induced by etoposide in rat testes. Ahmed, AA; Bayomy, MF; Tousson, E, 2018)	1.41
"Etoposide-treated mice show no or significantly ameliorated pathology with reduced antigenic spread, yet have normal T cell and T-dependent B cell responses to de novo antigenic challenges as well as unimpaired memory T cell responses to viral rechallenge."	( Eliminating encephalitogenic T cells without undermining protective immunity. Elfers, EE; Grunblatt, E; Hildeman, DA; Jordan, MB; Katz, JD; McNally, JP; Terrell, CE, 2014)	1.12
"Etoposide treatment efficacy was proven by ex vivo anticaspase 3 staining and fluorescence microscopy."	( A whole-body dual-modality radionuclide optical strategy for preclinical imaging of metastasis and heterogeneous treatment response in different microenvironments. Blower, PJ; Diocou, S; Fruhwirth, GO; Mullen, GE; Ng, T, 2014)	1.12
"In etoposide-treated neurons, the nonselective HDAC inhibition resulted in more DSBs."	( Inhibitors of histone deacetylases enhance neurotoxicity of DNA damage. Hetman, M; Vashishta, A, 2014)	0.92
"Etoposide treatment was used to induce DNA damage-induced apoptosis."	( Cold-inducible RNA-binding protein, CIRP, inhibits DNA damage-induced apoptosis by regulating p53. Ahn, SM; Jang, HH; Lee, HN, 2015)	1.14
"Upon etoposide treatment, ID1 expression level was decreased via induction of mRNA instability, but not the protein degradation changes."	( [ID1 suppress the apoptosis of HCT116 cells induced by chemotherapeutic drugs and ultraviolet radiation]. Liu, Z; Luo, A; Wang, X; Zhang, W; Zhao, Y, 2016)	0.89
"Etoposide-treated MDA-MB-231 cells developed an epithelial morphology; increased their expression of E-cadherin; and reduced their levels of EMT-associated genes and cell migration."	( Virtual screening-driven repositioning of etoposide as CD44 antagonist in breast cancer cells. Aguirre-Alvarado, C; García-Pérez, CA; Guerrero-Rodríguez, SL; Hernández-Esquivel, MA; Pérez-Tapia, SM; Rodríguez-Moreno, A; Ruiz-Moreno, AJ; Segura-Cabrera, A; Velasco-Velázquez, MA; Velázquez-Quesada, I, 2016)	1.42
"In etoposide-treated cells, cell cycle control and p53-dependent gene expression were not affected by the absence of HIF-1alpha."	( Impaired DNA double-strand break repair contributes to chemoresistance in HIF-1 alpha-deficient mouse embryonic fibroblasts. Balamurugan, K; Stiehl, DP; Wenger, RH; Wirthner, R; Wrann, S, 2008)	0.86
"Etoposide treatment results in a rapid and extensive induction of apoptosis and leads to a further increase in p53 and PUMA expression as well as Bax processing."	( p53 is required for etoposide-induced apoptosis of human embryonic stem cells. Grandela, C; Grimmond, SM; Kolle, G; Pera, MF; Wolvetang, EJ, 2007)	1.38
"Etoposide treatment or UV irradiation resulted in sustained activation of JNK, correlating with the induction of apoptosis."	( c-Jun N-terminal kinase regulates apoptosis in endometrial cancer cells. Bradford, AP; Haughian, JM; Jackson, TA; Reno, EM; Thorne, AM, 2009)	1.07
"Etoposide and Fas treatments gradually shifted HspB1 towards large but differently phosphorylated oligomeric structures."	( Dynamic processes that reflect anti-apoptotic strategies set up by HspB1 (Hsp27). Arrigo, AP; Gibert, B; Manero, F; Paul, C; Simon, S; Virot, S, 2010)	1.08
"Etoposide treatment could not alter the mRNA level of IK1 but it could shorten the half-life of IK1."	( Ikaros is degraded by proteasome-dependent mechanism in the early phase of apoptosis induction. Chen, GQ; Gu, ZM; He, LC; Liu, CX; Wang, YF; Wen, DH; Wu, YL; Xu, HZ, 2011)	1.09
"Etoposide treatment induces G(2)/M arrest, severe DNA damage, and the formation of giant nuclei in HCT116 cells."	( A novel topoisomerase inhibitor, daurinol, suppresses growth of HCT116 cells with low hematological toxicity compared to etoposide. Batsuren, D; Jho, EH; Kang, JH; Kang, K; Kim, M; Nho, CW; Oh, SH; Park, KH; Tunsag, J; Yun, JH, 2011)	1.3
"Etoposide treatment was generally well tolerated, the most common side effect was neutropenia, in one case CTC grade 3."	( Induction of durable responses by oral etoposide monochemotherapy in patients with metastatic Merkel cell carcinoma. Bangard, C; Kreuzberg, N; Kurschat, P; Mauch, C; Podewski, T; Schlaak, M; Von Bartenwerffer, W, )	1.12
"Etoposide treatment also resulted in activation of the upstream promoter as well as nuclear accumulation of TLP and p53."	( TATA-binding protein (TBP)-like protein is required for p53-dependent transcriptional activation of upstream promoter of p21Waf1/Cip1 gene. Ikeda, K; Ito, R; Suzuki, H; Tamura, TA, 2012)	1.1
"Etoposide, used for the treatment of breast cancer, is mainly metabolized via hepatic cytochrome P450 (CYP) 3A4 in humans and is also a substrate for p-glycoprotein (P-gp). "	( Effects of morin on the pharmacokinetics of etoposide in 7,12-dimethylbenz[a]anthracene-induced mammary tumors in female Sprague-Dawley rats. Choi, HG; Kim, SH; Lee, MG; Lim, SJ; Yang, SH, 2013)	2.09
"Etoposide-treated cells exhibited a senescent phenotype characterized by senile morphology, positive staining for senescence-associated β-galactosidase, growth arrest and induction of p53 and p21(WAF1/CIP1)."	( Sensitive detection and monitoring of senescence-associated secretory phenotype by SASP-RAP assay. Gu, L; Kitamura, M, 2012)	1.1
"Etoposide treatment was able to induce GST P1-1 polymerization and activation of apoptosis."	( Role of GST P1-1 in mediating the effect of etoposide on human neuroblastoma cell line Sh-Sy5y. Ballerini, S; Bellincampi, L; Bernardini, S; Cortese, C; Federici, G; Pastore, A; Ranalli, M, 2002)	1.3
"In etoposide-treated cells, DFMO also abolished phosphorylation of c-Jun NH(2)-terminal kinases triggered by the drug."	( Caspase activation in etoposide-treated fibroblasts is correlated to ERK phosphorylation and both events are blocked by polyamine depletion. Caldarera, CM; Clo, C; Fattori, M; Flamigni, F; Guarnieri, C; Mackintosh, CA; Pegg, AE; Pignatti, C; Stanic', I; Stefanelli, C; Tantini, B, 2002)	1.14
"Etoposide-treated mice had a significantly less severe arthritis than control animals."	( Role of macrophages in experimental group B streptococcal arthritis. Bistoni, F; Castronari, R; Orefici, G; Puliti, M; Tissi, L; von Hunolstein, C, 2002)	1.04
"Etoposide treatment consistently induces a decrease in K and an increase in Na, which are inhibited by bombesin or calcitonin."	( Changes in elemental concentrations in LNCaP cells are associated with a protective effect of neuropeptides on etoposide-induced apoptosis. Roomans, GM; Salido, M; Vilches, J, 2004)	1.26
"Etoposide treatment during the prepubertal phase increases the frequency of apoptosis in the seminiferous epithelium, and causes serious harm to male fertility."	( Apoptosis and testicular alterations in albino rats treated with etoposide during the prepubertal phase. Freymüller, E; Miraglia, SM; Sasso-Cerri, E; Stumpp, T, 2004)	1.28
"Etoposide treatment (10 microM, 18 h) resulted in 3.3 fold increase of the CH(2)/CH(3) signal intensity ratio and 6.4 fold decrease in choline signal of MT4 cells."	( Analysis of 1H NMR-detectable mobile lipid domains for assessment of apoptosis induced by inhibitors of DNA synthesis and replication. Mikhailenko, VM; Philchenkov, AA; Zavelevich, MP, 2005)	1.05
"Etoposide treatment led to a high percentage of green fluorescent protein expressing cells (over 50%) with all promoters tested."	( Efficiency of adeno-associated virus type-2 vectors in non-human primate Schwann cells. Attali, B; Bachelin, C; Baron-Van Evercooren, A; Chtarto, A; Girard, C; Lachapelle, F; Salvetti, A; Tenenbaum, L, 2005)	1.05
"Etoposide treatment (1) induced apoptosis in one clone, ES, but not in another clone, ER, (2) had no effect on the expression of the antiapoptotic proteins Bcl-2 and Bcl-X(L) in both cell clones, whereas the proapoptotic proteins Bak and Bax were dramatically upregulated in ES, but not ER cells, and (3) induced more extensive processing of procaspase-8, procaspase-9, and the caspase-3-targeted substrates, topoisomerase I and PARP, in ES cells. "	( Differential susceptibility to etoposide in clones derived from a human ovarian cancer cell line. Balan, KV; Dimas, K; Han, Z; Pantazis, P; Sitaras, NM; Wyche, JH, 2006)	2.06
"Etoposide treatment did not result in a significant change in TF antigen expression. "	( Rolling and adhesion of apoptotic monocytes is impaired by loss of functional cell surface-expressed P-selectin glycoprotein ligand-1. Lindhout, T; Reutelingsperger, CP; van Genderen, H; Wielders, SJ, 2006)	1.78
"Etoposide-induced treatment-related acute myelogenous leukemia (t-AML) is characterized by rearrangements of the mixed lineage leukemia (MLL) gene with one of its >50 partner genes, most probably as a consequence of etoposide-induced DNA double-strand breaks (DSBs). "	( Role of apoptotic nuclease caspase-activated DNase in etoposide-induced treatment-related acute myelogenous leukemia. Hars, ES; Lin, CP; Liu, LF; Lyu, YL, 2006)	2.02
"Etoposide treatment also selectively activated PKCdelta, but resulted in both cytosolic translocation and decreased activity of PKCalpha."	( Endometrial cancer cell survival and apoptosis is regulated by protein kinase C alpha and delta. Bradford, AP; Haughian, JM; Jackson, TA; Koterwas, DM, 2006)	1.06
"Etoposide treatment resulted in an early upregulation of Fas and cytoplasmic release of mitochondrial cytochrome c."	( Cytotoxic granule disruption is a late event in chemotherapy-induced apoptosis in natural killer YT cells. Abdelhaleem, M, 2007)	1.06
"Etoposide treatment resulted in increase in PKB activity and apoptosis rate,and decrease in cell survival rate in a time-dependent manner in gastric cancer cell lines."	( [Protein kinase B inhibitor enhance sensitivity of gastric cancer cell to etoposide]. Ge, W; Wu, YG; Xu, XM; Yu, HG, 2007)	1.29
"In etoposide-treated mice, the numbers of alveolar phagocytes in BAL did not differ from those in control mice, whereas the number of bacteria was lower (only significantly in BAL fluid at 15 h after infection) than that in the controls."	( Influence of cytostatic agents on the pulmonary defence of mice infected with Klebsiella pneumoniae and on the efficacy of treatment with ceftriaxone. Calame, W; Douwes-Idema, AE; Mattie, H; van den Barselaar, MT; van Furth, R, 1994)	0.8
"Etoposide pretreatment did not modify the cell survival parameters of exogeneous CFU-S when bone marrow cells were assayed immediately after WBI. "	( Accelerated bone marrow recovery from radiation damage in etoposide-pretreated mice. Ando, K; Isono, K; Koike, S; Yamada, S, 1994)	1.98
"In etoposide (VP-16)-treated N231 but not PC-9 cells, DNA fragmentation continued to increase up to 42 h, and the increase was dependent on the concentration of VP-16."	( Apoptosis induced by etoposide in small-cell lung cancer cell lines. Heike, Y; Nishio, K; Ohmori, T; Okamoto-Kubo, S; Saijo, N; Yoshida, M, 1994)	1.12
"Etoposide treatment is an acceptable option as salvage therapy in refractory ovarian cancer.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)"	( [The value of etoposide (VP-16) in the therapy of refractory ovarian cancer]. Abfalter, E; Dapunt, O; Hetzel, H; Koza, A; Marth, C; Pointner, E; Windbichler, G; Zeimet, AG, 1993)	1.37
"Etoposide-treated thymocytes were reacted in tissue culture medium with biotin-conjugated Annexin V, fixed with glutaraldehyde, and processed for resin embedding; thin sections were incubated with antibiotin antibodies coupled with colloidal gold."	( Detection of apoptotic cells by annexin V labeling at electron microscopy. Biggiogera, M; Bottone, MG; Pellicciari, C, 1997)	1.02
"Etoposide treatment increased expression of the p21 gene, a cyclin kinase inhibitor, at both the mRNA and protein levels."	( DNA damage induces p21 protein expression by inhibiting ubiquitination in ML-1 cells. Fukuchi, K; Gomi, K; Nakamaki, T; Tomoyasu, S; Tsuruoka, N, 1998)	1.02
"Etoposide treatment of these cells triggered a time-dependent activation of type II and type III caspases and cleavage of Bcl-2 yielding a 23 kDa cleavage fragment."	( Cleavage of Bcl-2 is an early event in chemotherapy-induced apoptosis of human myeloid leukemia cells. Fadeel, B; Hassan, Z; Hellström-Lindberg, E; Henter, JI; Orrenius, S; Zhivotovsky, B, 1999)	1.02
"Etoposide treatment of either cell line had no effect upon the activation of p38."	( Etoposide-induced activation of c-jun N-terminal kinase (JNK) correlates with drug-induced apoptosis in salivary gland acinar cells. Anderson, SM; Barzen, KA; Deisher, LM; Hunter, S; Quissell, DO; Reyland, ME, 1999)	2.47
"Etoposide treatment caused a biphasic inhibition of DNA synthesis in both cell lines, and this was abrogated by co-incubation with WM."	( Mechanisms of enhancement of cytotoxicity in etoposide and ionising radiation-treated cells by the protein kinase inhibitor wortmannin. Boulton, S; Durkacz, BW; Kyle, S, 2000)	1.29
"When etoposide treatment was combined with X-ray irradiation at intervals of 3-6 hours, an approximately additive effect was observed."	( Experimental induction of apoptosis by a combination of etoposide and radiation treatment. Hasegawa, M; Hayakawa, K; Kawashima, M; Mitsuhashi, N; Nakamura, Y; Niibe, H; Toda, H; Yamakawa, M, )	0.83
"The etoposide-treated 4-week teratomas, but not the 6-week teratomas, were significantly smaller than those in the corresponding control groups."	( Effect of etoposide on experimental testicular teratoma in 129/SvJ mice. Abdelwahid, E; Pelliniemi, LJ; Pöllänen, P; Salminen, E; Söderström, KO; Sundström, J; Veräjänkorva, E, 2000)	1.19
"Etoposide treatment of pachytene cells induced aneuploidy in both spermatocytes (18-fold, P < 0.01) and zygotes (8-fold, P < 0.05)."	( Etoposide induces heritable chromosomal aberrations and aneuploidy during male meiosis in the mouse. Bishop, JB; Generoso, WM; Hozier, J; Lowe, X; Marchetti, F; Wyrobek, AJ, 2001)	2.47
"Etoposide treatment reduced CPP32/caspase-3 activity in the liver, although it did not alter the serum TNF-alpha levels or hepatic TNFR1 mRNA expressions."	( Etoposide prevents apoptosis in mouse liver with D-galactosamine/lipopolysaccharide-induced fulminant hepatic failure resulting in reduction of lethality. Hasuike, S; Hayashi, K; Hirono, S; Hori, T; Ido, A; Moriuchi, A; Nagata, K; Nakama, T; Tsubouchi, H, 2001)	2.47
"Etoposide treatment consistently induced an increase in the cellular Na concentration and a decrease in the cellular K concentration, resulting in a marked increase of the Na/K ratio and also an increase in the phosphorus:sulphur (P/S) ratio. "	( Neuropeptides bombesin and calcitonin inhibit apoptosis-related elemental changes in prostate carcinoma cell lines. López, A; Roomans, GM; Salido, M; Vilches, J, 2002)	1.76
"Etoposide treatment did not amplify the loss of essential anti-oxidants but significantly increased lipid hydroperoxide concentrations in serum."	( Effect of etoposide (VP16-213) on lipid peroxidation and antioxidant status in a high-dose radiochemotherapy regimen. Clemens, MR; Ehninger, G; Gey, KF; Ladner, C, 1989)	1.4
"Etoposide treatment dose dependently delayed the expression of RIB-19 (a late myeloid antigen) and, to a lesser extent, of S4.7 (an "intermediate" myelomonocytic marker)."	( Etoposide as an in vitro purging agent for the treatment of acute leukemias and lymphomas in conjunction with autologous bone marrow transplantation. Andreeff, M; Ciobanu, N; Paietta, E; Papenhausen, P; Wiernik, PH, 1986)	2.44
"Treatment with etoposide resulted in a dose-dependent increase in expression of the senescence-associated secretory phenotype markers MMP-7, MMP-9, and IL-b1 (P < 0.05) compared with controls."	( Induction of Cellular Senescence in Rat Vaginal Fibroblasts and Treatment With Senolytics: An in Vitro Model for the Study of Pelvic Organ Prolapse. Florian-Rodriguez, ME; Gaddam, NG; Hare, AM; Keller, P; Shi, H; Word, RA, 2022)	1.06
"Rats treated with etoposide showed significant decline in hepatic Nrf2 protein expression, when compared with G1."	( Ameliorative potential role of Rosmarinus officinalis extract on toxicity induced by etoposide in male albino rats. Mansour, DS; Morsi, RM; Mousa, AM, 2022)	1.27
"Treatment with etoposide, suppressed both cell proliferation and migration in MCF-7 monolayers. "	( Etoposide-induced MicroRNA-205-5p Suppresses Proliferation and Migration by Targeting ERBB4 in MCF-7 Cells. Heo, SH; Lee, CH; Oh, SS; Park, JK; Son, SW, 2022)	2.52
"Treatment with etoposide, increased miR-34a levels in a p53-dependent fashion and the level of miR-34a transcription was correlated with the cell sensitivity to etoposide."	( Mir-34a mimics are potential therapeutic agents for p53-mutated and chemo-resistant brain tumour cells. Fan, YN; Meley, D; Pizer, B; Sée, V, 2014)	0.74
"Treatment with etoposide consistently induced cell cycle arrest in S/G2/M independent of MA4/A4M expression, revealing a proper activation of the DNA damage checkpoints."	( Expression of MLL-AF4 or AF4-MLL fusions does not impact the efficiency of DNA damage repair. Bursen, A; Castaño, J; González, F; Gutiérrez, NC; Herrero, AB; Marschalek, R; Menendez, P, 2016)	0.77
"Co-treatment of etoposide and KG-135 markedly elevated the expression and phosphorylation at the serine 15 residue of p53 as well as the cellular levels of Bax and p21(Waf1/Cip1)."	( Potentiation of etoposide-induced apoptosis in HeLa cells by co-treatment with KG-135, a quality-controlled standardized ginsenoside formulation. Cho, SJ; Choi, JS; Kim, HY; Lee, SK; Lee, WH; Park, BD; Park, JH; Surh, YJ, 2010)	1.04
"When treated with etoposide, an inhibitor of DNA topoisomerase II, HeLa and NMuMG cells halted at the G2/M checkpoint."	( Drug-induced cell cycle modulation leading to cell-cycle arrest, nuclear mis-segregation, or endoreplication. Kobayashi, T; Miyawaki, A; Ohtawa, K; Sakaue-Sawano, A, 2011)	0.69
"Treatment with etoposide resulted in the death of a proportion of the cells by apoptosis."	( Effect of heat shock protein 72 expression on etoposide-induced cell death of rat retinal ganglion cells. Im, JE; Kee, C; Kim, TE; Sohn, S, 2013)	0.99
"Upon treatment with etoposide or gemcitabine alone, tumor sizes were moderately reduced to 65-68% and 50-65%, respectively, as compared to untreated tumors."	( Usage of the NF-kappaB inhibitor sulfasalazine as sensitizing agent in combined chemotherapy of pancreatic cancer. Arlt, A; Fölsch, UR; Gehrz, A; Grohmann, F; Haye, S; Kalthoff, H; March, C; Müerköster, S; Schäfer, H; Wegehenkel, K; Witt, M, 2003)	0.63
"Treatment with etoposide, fludarabine or Ga(mu)-Ab enhanced both apoptosis and CD10 expression."	( Expression of CD10 by B-chronic lymphocytic leukemia cells undergoing apoptosis in vivo and in vitro. Callea, V; Cutrona, G; Ferrarini, M; Ferraris, AM; Mangiola, M; Morabito, F; Oliva, BM; Rapezzi, D; Rossi, E; Spriano, M; Stelitano, C; Zupo, S, 2003)	0.66
"Treatment with etoposide (500 ng/ml) produced cells with 2-fold resistance to etoposide (n=5; p<0.05)."	( Modulation of drug and radiation resistance in small cell lung cancer cells by paclitaxel. Davey, MW; Davey, RA; Locke, VL, 2003)	0.66
"Treatment with etoposide, in contrast, caused drastic changes in expression of genes known or inferred to be involved in apoptosis."	( Global analysis of cellular transcription following infection with an HIV-based vector. Berry, C; Bushman, F; Chiang, CY; Mitchell, R, 2003)	0.66
"When treated with etoposide, AM prevented apoptosis in PC-3 and LNCaP cells, but not in DU 145 cells."	( Adrenomedullin prevents apoptosis in prostate cancer cells. Abasolo, I; Calvo, A; Montuenga, LM, 2006)	0.66
"Treatment with etoposide also evolved as a prognostic factor because the risk of CNS failure was significantly reduced after CHOEP (P=0.017)."	( Incidence and risk factors of central nervous system recurrence in aggressive lymphoma--a survey of 1693 patients treated in protocols of the German High-Grade Non-Hodgkin's Lymphoma Study Group (DSHNHL). Boehme, V; Kaiser, U; Kloess, M; Loeffler, M; Pfreundschuh, M; Schmitz, N; Zeynalova, S, 2007)	0.68
"Treatment with etoposide, a classical inducer of apoptosis, did not result in SUR isoform-specific apoptosis."	( Resveratrol binds to the sulfonylurea receptor (SUR) and induces apoptosis in a SUR subtype-specific manner. Ackermann, S; de Oliveira Franz, CB; Drews, G; Grenz, A; Hambrock, A; Hiller, S; Osswald, H; Schulze, DU, 2007)	0.68
"Treatment with etoposide resulted in a G(2)/M arrest of U87, U251, and LN18 cells, whereas, exposure to both drugs increased the fraction of cells with a G2/M and sub-G1 DNA content."	( Valproic acid induces p21 and topoisomerase-II (alpha/beta) expression and synergistically enhances etoposide cytotoxicity in human glioblastoma cell lines. Aguilera, D; Das, CM; Gopalakrishnan, V; Prasad, P; Vasquez, H; Wolff, JE; Zhang, M, 2007)	0.9
"Treatment with etoposide increased the content of RAI protein, too, and caused it to translocate to the nucleus."	( Expression of the RAI gene is conducive to apoptosis: studies of induction and interference. Corydon, TJ; Jensen, UB; Kjeldgaard, A; Laska, MJ; Mains, M; Memon, AA; Nexø, BA; Strandbygård, D; Sørensen, BS; Vogel, U, 2007)	0.68
"Retreatment with etoposide in these patients is difficult and generally alternative drugs/regimens have to be used."	( Successful treatment with etoposide phosphate in patients with previous etoposide hypersensitivity. Collier, K; How, K; Savage, P; Schink, C; Seckl, M; Young, AM, 2008)	0.97
"Treatment was etoposide (VP-16) only in 50 patients, VP-16 and other drugs with an already established leukemogenic effect in 17 patients, only drugs with leukemogenic effect in 6 patients, other drugs in 35 patients, and surgery only in 31 patients."	( Increased risk of secondary leukemia after single-agent treatment with etoposide for Langerhans' cell histiocytosis. Colella, R; Comelli, A; de Terlizzi, M; Donfrancesco, A; Fears, TR; Haupt, R; Indolfi, P; Loiacono, G; Mancini, A; Rosso, P, )	0.71
"Treatment with etoposide or NMF induced the morphology of apoptosis within 4 hr."	( Selective inhibition of topoisomerase II by ICRF-193 does not support a role for topoisomerase II activity in the fragmentation of chromatin during apoptosis of human leukemia cells. Beere, HM; Chresta, CM; Hickman, JA, 1996)	0.63
"treatment with etoposide."	( Clinical pharmacology of chronic oral etoposide in patients with small cell and non-small cell lung cancer. D'Incalci, M; De Fusco, M; de Jong, J; Gentili, D; Martinelli, G; Pagani, O; Sessa, C; Tinazzi, A; Torri, V; Zucchetti, M, 1995)	0.9
"Treatment with etoposide induced remssion."	( [Hemophagocytic syndrome associated with tuberculosis and mycoplasma infection in two patients]. Imanaka, M; Kubo, Y; Nisizaka, Y; Oda, Y; Okamoto, K; Oyaizu, H; Wakayama, T; Yosimura, C, 1998)	0.64
"Treatment with etoposide increased expression of p53 and decreased expression of Bcl-X(L) in U-373MG cells which harbored mutant p53."	( Co-transduction of Apaf-1 and caspase-9 augments etoposide-induced apoptosis in U-373MG glioma cells. Asai, A; Hamada, H; Kirino, T; Sakurai, S; Shinoura, N, 2001)	0.9
"Treatment with etoposide did not decrease the ratio of anti-apoptotic Bcl-2 and Bcl-xL proteins to pro-apoptotic Bax protein."	( High expression of endogenous bcl-2 and bcl-xL in thymic lymphomas do not diminish their sensitivity to etoposide-induced apoptosis. Cebrat, M; Kalas, W; Matuszyk, J; Strzadala, L, )	0.69
"Treatment with etoposide resulted in the disappearance of her fever and other symptoms."	( [Effectiveness of etoposide on reactive histiocytosis and refractory state to platelet transfusion during therapy of leukemia: case report]. Ishida, Y; Matusda, H; Tauchi, H; Yokota, Y, 1991)	0.95
"Treatment with etoposide led to monocytopenia, and cyclophosphamide to granulocytopenia and monocytopenia."	( Effect of etoposide and cyclophosphamide on an experimental pulmonary infection in mice. Calame, W; Mattie, H, 1989)	1.02
"Pretreatment with etoposide reduced monocyte numbers in blood to 14% and those of granulocytes to 54% at the time of infection."	( Influence of etoposide and cyclophosphamide on the efficacy of cloxacillin and erythromycin in an experimental staphylococcal infection. Calame, W; Mattie, H; van der Waals, R; van Furth, R, 1989)	0.97

Toxicity

SCLC patients who underwent platinum-etoposide doublet therapy and molecular testing for UGT1A1 genotype were reviewed for the occurrence of adverse events during treatment. Etoposide was much more toxic to normally oxygenated cells.

Excerpt	Reference	Relevance
"The use of rhGM-CSF or rhG-CSF makes high-dose etoposide a safe outpatient regimen and should encourage the inclusion of this highly effective and well-tolerated drug in novel treatment strategies that use high-dose therapy early in the clinical course of chemosensitive tumors."	( Granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor or granulocyte colony-stimulating factor infusion makes high-dose etoposide a safe outpatient regimen that is effective in lymphoma and myeloma patients. Bonadonna, G; Bregni, M; Di Nicola, M; Gianni, AM; Lombardi, F; Magni, M; Pileri, A; Siena, S; Tarella, C, 1992)	0.75
" Though grade 2 adverse reaction was found in 6 cases, stopping drug administration for 2 weeks, enabled to re-administer the drug."	( [Pharmacokinetic study and side effects of chronic daily administration of oral etoposide]. Gabazza, EC; Ibata, H; Machishi, M; Suzuki, S; Taguchi, O; Tsutsui, K; Yamakami, T, 1992)	0.51
" There are few reports of such toxic effects during therapy for ALL."	( Unexpected acute neurologic toxicity in the treatment of children with acute lymphoblastic leukemia. Bowman, WP; Buchanan, GR; Jacaruso, D; Kamen, BA; Roach, ES; Rollins, N; Winick, NJ, 1992)	0.28
"This report describes these toxic effects and outlines our successful approach to the problem."	( Unexpected acute neurologic toxicity in the treatment of children with acute lymphoblastic leukemia. Bowman, WP; Buchanan, GR; Jacaruso, D; Kamen, BA; Roach, ES; Rollins, N; Winick, NJ, 1992)	0.28
" Quantifying the embryotoxic effects of these drugs revealed that the no observed adverse effect level (NOAEL) for m-AMSA is 10 nM, the embryotoxic concentration range is 50-500 nM, and complete lethality is observed at 1 microM."	( Embryotoxicity of the intercalating agents m-AMSA and o-AMSA and the epipodophyllotoxin VP-16 in postimplantation rat embryos in vitro. Mirkes, PE; Zwelling, LA, 1990)	0.28
"4-fold more toxic toward bright cells."	( Classification of antineoplastic treatments by their differential toxicity toward putative oxygenated and hypoxic tumor subpopulations in vivo in the FSaIIC murine fibrosarcoma. al-Achi, A; Herman, TS; Holden, SA; Teicher, BA, 1990)	0.28
" Estrogen replacement should be initiated after transplantation in women to prevent adverse effects of long-term ovarian failure."	( Long-term endocrine toxicity of myeloablative treatment followed by autologous bone marrow/blood derived stem cell transplantation in patients with malignant lymphohematopoietic disorders. Bauer, H; Fehrentz, D; Hunstein, W; Keilholz, U; Körbling, M, 1989)	0.28
" Other DNA-interacting antitumor agents, such as etoposide and mitomycin C, did not exhibit biologically significant alterations in their cytotoxicity when coincubated with lidocaine, although cis-diamminedichloroplatinum was significantly more toxic in the presence of lidocaine."	( Lidocaine potentiation of bleomycin A2 cytotoxicity and DNA strand breakage in L1210 and human A-253 cells. Braun, ID; Kennedy, KA; Lazo, JS; Meandzija, B; Pham, ET; Smaldone, LF, 1985)	0.52
" The summarized results obtained are as follows: A mode of manifestation of toxic effects was classified into immediate-type symptoms predominantly caused by the carrier and delayed-type symptoms predominantly caused by VP regardless of animal species and routes of administration, excluding the case of intravenous dosing to rabbits."	( [Toxicity studies of VP 16-213 (I)--Acute toxicity in mice, rats and rabbits]. Hamajima, Y; Ishikawa, K; Kadota, T; Kai, S; Kawano, S; Kohmura, H; Kuroyanagi, K; Ohta, K; Ohta, S; Takahashi, N, 1986)	0.27
"5 mg/kg/day for three months with the object of examining its toxicity and the reversibility of toxic effects."	( [Toxicity studies of VP 16-213 (V)--Intravenous three-month toxicity in rats]. Chikazawa, H; Hamajima, Y; Ishikawa, K; Kadota, T; Kawano, S; Kuroyanagi, K; Ohta, K; Ohta, S; Takahashi, N; Takeuchi, Y, 1986)	0.27
" to VP), an oncostatic drug, was administered orally to Crj : CD (Sprague-Dawley) rats of both sexes at dose levels of 3, 10, 30 and 100 mg/kg/day for one month with the object of examining its subacute toxicity and the reversibility of toxic effects."	( [Toxicity studies of VP 16-213 (II)--Oral one-month subacute toxicity in rats]. Hamajima, Y; Ishikawa, K; Kadota, T; Kai, S; Kawano, S; Kohmura, H; Kuroyanagi, K; Ohta, K; Ohta, S; Takahashi, N, 1986)	0.27
" to VP), an oncostatic drug, was administered orally to Crj : CD (Sprague-Dawley) rats of both sexes at dose levels of 1, 3, 10 and 30 mg/kg/day for six months with the object of examining its chronic toxicity and the reversibility of toxic effects."	( [Toxicity studies of VP 16-213 (III)--Oral six-month chronic toxicity in rats]. Hamajima, Y; Ishikawa, K; Kadota, T; Kai, S; Kawano, S; Kohmura, H; Kuroyanagi, K; Ohta, K; Ohta, S; Takahashi, N, 1986)	0.27
"5 mg/kg/day for one month with the object of examining its subacute toxicity and the reversibility of toxic effects."	( [Toxicity studies of VP 16-213 (IV)--Intravenous one-month subacute toxicity in rats]. Hamajima, Y; Ishikawa, K; Kadota, T; Kai, S; Kawano, S; Kohmura, H; Kuroyanagi, K; Ohta, K; Ohta, S; Takahashi, N, 1986)	0.27
"The study dealt with anti-tumor and adverse effects of etoposide and cisplatin on human choriocarcinoma cell line (GCH-1) transplantable in nude mice in relation to the rate of their uptake into tumor tissue."	( [Anti-tumor and adverse effect of etoposide and cisplatin on human choriocarcinoma transplanted to nude mice--a correlation between effect and tissue distribution of the drugs]. Adachi, S; Ishida, M; Kanazawa, K; Misawa, Y; Takeuchi, S; Tanaka, K; Yoshiya, N, 1986)	0.8
" Etoposide was much more toxic to normally oxygenated cells."	( Effect of oxygen on the cytotoxicity and antitumor activity of etoposide. Holden, SA; Rose, CM; Teicher, BA, 1985)	1.42
" There were seven acute toxic deaths (8%) and in total 15 patients experienced life-threatening or fatal toxicity."	( Extramedullary toxicity of a conditioning regimen containing busulphan, cyclophosphamide and etoposide in 84 patients undergoing autologous and allogenic bone marrow transplantation. Bernstein, E; Brodsky, I; Bulova, S; Crilley, P; Marks, DI; Mullaney, R; Resnick, K; Styler, MJ; Topolsky, D, 1995)	0.51
" Adverse prognostic factors for failure-free survival include high LDH at the time of autologous BMT, chemotherapy-refractory disease and multiple prior relapses."	( High-dose chemotherapy with BEAC regimen and autologous bone marrow transplantation for intermediate grade and immunoblastic lymphoma: durable complete remissions, but a high rate of regimen-related toxicity. Andersson, B; Dimopoulos, M; Giralt, S; Khouri, I; Mehra, R; Przepiorka, D; Rodriguez, M; Suki, S; Tabocoff, J; van Besien, K, 1995)	0.29
" However on multivariate analysis only the presence of bulky disease and of B symptoms were independent adverse factors for response and for survival."	( EPIC: an effective low toxicity regimen for relapsing lymphoma. Ashley, S; Catovsky, D; Cunningham, D; Gore, ME; Hickish, T; Mansi, J; Nicolson, V; Roldan, A; Smith, IE, 1993)	0.29
" The overall incidence of adverse experiences was significantly lower in the granisetron group (60."	( The antiemetic efficacy and safety of granisetron compared with metoclopramide plus dexamethasone in patients receiving fractionated chemotherapy over 5 days. The Granisetron Study Group. , 1993)	0.29
" AS101 was also shown to protect BM granulocyte-macrophage colony-forming cells from the toxic effects of ASTA-Z 7557."	( Protection of bone marrow stromal cells from the toxic effects of cyclophosphamide in vivo and of ASTA-Z 7557 and etoposide in vitro by ammonium trichloro(dioxyethylene-O-O')tellurate (AS101). Albeck, M; Kalechman, Y; Sotnik-Barkai, I; Sredni, B, 1993)	0.5
" In summary, the DexaBEAM/G-CSF/CBV strategy appears to be safe and effective for salvage treatment in patients with poor risk malignant lymphomas."	( Peripheral blood progenitor cell mobilization with Dexa-Beam/G-CSF, ether lipid purging, and autologous transplantation after high-dose CBV treatment: a safe and effective regimen in patients with poor risk malignant lymphomas. Berdel, WE; Hoppe, B; Knauf, WU; Koenigsmann, MP; Notter, M; Oberberg, D; Reufi, B; Thiel, E, 1996)	0.29
" Retinal toxicity is a side effect of the drug reported in adults, but is not well described in pediatric patients."	( Retinal toxicity associated with cisplatin and etoposide in pediatric patients. Ballard, EA; Balzer, GK; Berkow, RL; Hilliard, LM; Moertel, CL; Watterson, J, 1997)	0.55
"Radiation before chemotherapy was a more toxic sequence and, surprisingly, carboplatin/etoposide administered in combination with radiotherapy was more detrimental than methotrexate."	( Long-term toxicity and neuropathology associated with the sequencing of cranial irradiation and enhanced chemotherapy delivery. Garcia, R; Mass, M; McCormick, CI; Neuwelt, EA; Pearse, HD; Remsen, LG; Roman-Goldstein, S; Sexton, G, 1997)	0.52
"To present two patients as illustrations of the risk of developing secondary acute myelogenous leukemia (sAML) when theoretically safe doses of etoposide (VP-16) are used."	( Secondary acute myelogenous leukemia following safe exposure to etoposide. Becton, DL; Sawyer, JR; Saylors, RL; Stine, KC, 1997)	0.74
" We conclude that a combination of idarubicin and etoposide given orally as first-line treatment in elderly patients with AML is safe and effective."	( The use of an all oral chemotherapy (idarubicin and etoposide) in the treatment of acute myeloid leukaemia in the elderly: a report of toxicity and efficacy. Galloway, MJ; Hamilton, PJ; Haynes, A; Iqbal, A; Jackson, GH; Proctor, SJ; Russell, N; Taylor, PR; Turner, G, 1997)	0.8
" Adverse effects on oral mucosa have been documented for several cytotoxic treatment regimens."	( Oral mucosal side effects of cytotoxic chemotherapy of testicular cancer. A retrospective study. Fosså, SD; Herlofson, BB; Norman-Pedersen, K; Redfors, M, 1997)	0.3
" Our initial studies have demonstrated a direct adverse effect of individual glucocorticoids and cytotoxic agents on the proliferative capacity of rat tibial growth-plate chondrocytes in vitro."	( Glucocorticoid pretreatment reduces the cytotoxic effects of a variety of DNA-damaging agents on rat tibial growth-plate chondrocytes in vitro. Anderson, E; Eden, O; Isaksson, O; Robson, H; Shalet, S, 1998)	0.3
"This study was conducted to determine whether there was any relationship between the adverse toxicity of combination chemotherapy and clinical values including age, sex, creatinine clearance (Ccr), body surface area and relative body weight."	( The influence of relative body weight on toxicity of combination chemotherapy with cisplatin and etoposide. Goya, T; Koshiishi, Y; Miya, T; Nogami, H; Sasaki, Y; Yanagida, O, 1998)	0.52
" In contrast, age, sex and Ccr had no significant relationship with adverse toxicity."	( The influence of relative body weight on toxicity of combination chemotherapy with cisplatin and etoposide. Goya, T; Koshiishi, Y; Miya, T; Nogami, H; Sasaki, Y; Yanagida, O, 1998)	0.52
" Pulmonary toxicity is the major and potentially fatal adverse side-effect of this drug."	( Serum creatinine level during chemotherapy for testicular cancer as a possible predictor of bleomycin-induced pulmonary toxicity. Akaza, H; Hinotsu, S; Kawai, K; Tomobe, M, 1998)	0.3
" The BAD pump was safe and effective in minimizing nausea and vomiting associated with HDC, and thus, eliminated the need for hospitalization for management of chemotherapy-induced nausea and vomiting."	( Safety and efficacy of a continuous infusion, patient controlled anti-emetic pump to facilitate outpatient administration of high-dose chemotherapy. Belt, R; Coon, J; Cord, M; Dix, S; Geller, R; Howard, S, 1999)	0.3
" There were major differences in the cytotoxicity of the different compounds, with acridines being 50-fold more toxic than the chloroquine analogues."	( Inhibitors of topoisomerase II as pH-dependent modulators of etoposide-mediated cytotoxicity. Jensen, PB; Langer, SW; Schmidt, G; Sehested, M; Sørensen, M, 1999)	0.54
" CPEN-spm, on the other hand, exhibited no toxic effects over the short-term (24 h) exposure period."	( Cytotoxicity of novel unsymmetrically substituted inhibitors of polyamine biosynthesis in human cancer cells. Lindsay, GS; Nairn, LM; Wallace, HM; Woster, PM, 2000)	0.31
" Poor performance status and prior radiotherapy were risk factors for fatal adverse effects."	( [Treatment of advanced testicular cancer and toxicity of chemotherapy]. Kawakita, M; Matsuda, T; Terachi, T; Yoshida, O, 1999)	0.3
" This novel dose-intense regimen was safe and well tolerated, highly active against metastatic breast cancer, and capable of excellent stem cell mobilization."	( Dose-intense paclitaxel, etoposide and cyclophosphamide: a safe and active regimen for tumor cytoreduction and stem cell mobilization in metastatic breast cancer. Bilgrami, S; Bona, RD; Clive, J; Edwards, RL; Feingold, JM; Kazierad, D; Khan, AM; Khan, IA; Rodriguez-Pinero, F; Tutschka, PJ, 2000)	0.61
" There were no toxic deaths."	( Epic as an effective, low toxicity salvage therapy for patients with poor risk lymphoma prior to beam high dose chemotherapy and peripheral blood progenitor cell transplantation. Cavenagh, JD; Eden, AG; Hughes, A; Kelsey, SM; Lamont, A; McBride, NC; Mills, MJ; Newland, AC; Ward, MC, 1999)	0.3
" No toxic deaths have occurred."	( Etoposide, mitoxantrone and prednisone: a salvage regimen with low toxicity for refractory or relapsed non-Hodgkin's lymphoma. Budel, L; Doorduijn, JK; Löwenberg, B; Sonneveld, P; Spruit, P; van Der Holt, B; van't Veer, M, 2000)	1.75
"Idarubicin (IDR) is one of the most effective, but also toxic drugs in the treatment of AML."	( Toxicity and effectiveness of high-dose idarubicin during AML induction therapy: results of a pilot study in children. Behnisch, W; Bender-Götze, C; Creutzig, U; Graf, N; Hermann, J; Kabisch, H; Körholz, D; Mann, G; Niemeyer, CM; Reiter, A; Ritter, J; Scheel-Walter, H; Zimmermann, M, )	0.13
" Despite increased hematotoxicity, moderate dose escalation is safe for the majority of the patients with G-CSF assistance and standard supportive treatment."	( Acute hematologic toxicity and practicability of dose-intensified BEACOPP chemotherapy for advanced stage Hodgkin's disease. German Hodgkin's Lymphoma Study Group (GHSG). Diehl, V; Engel, C; Loeffler, M; Schmitz, S; Tesch, H, 2000)	0.31
"Cardiotoxicity, a side-effect that can occur after treatment with an anticancer drug, has severe clinical implications."	( In vitro screening of antitumour agents for cardiotoxicity by means of isolated mouse left atria. Bast, A; Haenen, GR; van Acker, FA; van Acker, SA; van der Vijgh, WJ, )	0.13
"To investigate whether the hematopoietic cells can be protected from the toxic effect of anticancer agents by transfecting mdr1 gene into bone marrow cells."	( [Protection of hematopoietic cells against toxicity of anticancer agents by transfecting mdr1 gene into bone marrow cells]. Chen, L; Liu, Y, 2000)	0.31
" This adverse event should be managed with caution."	( Nitroso-urea-cisplatin-based chemotherapy associated with valproate: increase of haematologic toxicity. Bourg, V; Chichmanian, RM; Frenay, M; Lebrun, C; Thomas, P, 2001)	0.31
" The distribution of adverse prognostic factors was comparable in the two-induction arm."	( Daunorubicin continuous infusion induces more toxicity than bolus infusion in acute lymphoblastic leukemia induction regimen: a randomized study. Bernard, M; Casassus, P; Delain, M; Desablens, B; Guilhot, F; Hunault-Berger, M; Ifrah, N; Jouet, JP; Milpied, N; Sadoun, A, 2001)	0.31
" Both hybrid compounds are more cytotoxic than etoposide but much less toxic than amsacrine toward L1210 leukemia cells."	( Design of two etoposide-amsacrine conjugates: topoisomerase II and tubuline polymerization inhibition and relation to cytotoxicity. Arimondo, P; Bailly, C; Boukarim, C; Dauzonne, D; Monneret, C, 2000)	0.92
" This selective antitoxic effect of mesna towards vepeside and taxol allows to intensify the anticancer chemotherapy with these highly effective but extremely toxic cytostatics and to improve the efficiency of anticancer therapy."	( Effect of mesna on lethal effect and hematological toxicity of taxol and vepeside in mice. Bogush, EA; Bogush, TA; Khrustalev, SA; Koldaeva, EY; Konyaeva, OI; Smirnova, GB, 2001)	0.31
" The results of this study demonstrate that the use of CD34(+) cells is safe and has no adverse effects either with respect to haematological, immune reconstitution or to infections after HDT."	( High-dose therapy in patients with Hodgkin's disease: the use of selected CD34(+) cells is as safe as unmanipulated peripheral blood progenitor cells. Blystad, AK; Delabie, J; Holte, H; Kvalheim, G; Kvaløy, S; Smeland, E, 2001)	0.31
" BEAM allogeneic transplantation with early reduction in immunosuppression is safe (no treatment-related deaths) and effective in advanced Hodgkin's disease where autografts have failed."	( BEAM allogeneic transplantation for patients with Hodgkin's disease who relapse after autologous transplantation is safe and effective. Cooney, JP; Parthasarathy, M; Stiff, PJ; Toor, AA, 2003)	0.32
"In large-scale pediatric chemo- and radiotherapy trials a proportion of patients as high as 10-15% is usually reported as having severe treatment related toxicity occasionally resulting in toxic death."	( Fatal toxicity following radio- and chemotherapy of medulloblastoma in a child with unrecognized Nijmegen breakage syndrome. Distel, L; Grabenbauer, G; Holter, W; Neubauer, S; Varon, R, 2003)	0.32
"CHOP-14 with the addition of rhG-CSF is safe and practicable in a large multicentre setting in patients aged 18-75 years."	( Practicability and acute haematological toxicity of 2- and 3-weekly CHOP and CHOEP chemotherapy for aggressive non-Hodgkin's lymphoma: results from the NHL-B trial of the German High-Grade Non-Hodgkin's Lymphoma Study Group (DSHNHL). Bittner, S; Kloess, M; Loeffler, M; Pfreundschuh, M; Reiser, M; Rudolph, C; Schmalenberg, H; Schmits, R; Truemper, L; Wunderlich, A, 2003)	0.32
" While BEAC and BEAM appears to have equal antitumour efficacy in patients with NHL, BEAM seems to be more toxic to the gastrointestinal tract."	( BEAC or BEAM for high-dose therapy in patients with non-Hodgkin's lymphoma? A single centre analysis on toxicity and efficacy. Jantunen, E; Kuittinen, T; Nousiainen, T, 2003)	0.32
" Together, our data reveal that TRAIL/Apo2L combined with certain chemotherapeutic drugs is toxic to bone tumour and normal human cells and suggest that cotreatment with TRAIL/Apo2L and VP16 provides an attractive approach for selective killing of tumour cells while leaving unaffected normal cells."	( Selective and nonselective toxicity of TRAIL/Apo2L combined with chemotherapy in human bone tumour cells vs. normal human cells. Debatin, KM; Fulda, S; Hotfilder, M; Poremba, C; Schäfer, KL; Truckenbrod, B; Van Valen, F; Winkelmann, W, 2003)	0.32
" An objective causality assessment revealed that an adverse drug reaction was probable."	( Vascular neurotoxicity following chemotherapy with cisplatin, ifosfamide, and etoposide. Bogdahn, U; Dietrich, J; Marienhagen, J; Schalke, B; Schlachetzki, F, 2004)	0.55
"Clinicians should be aware of the potential neurovascular adverse effects of cisplatin-based protocols."	( Vascular neurotoxicity following chemotherapy with cisplatin, ifosfamide, and etoposide. Bogdahn, U; Dietrich, J; Marienhagen, J; Schalke, B; Schlachetzki, F, 2004)	0.55
" Following an uncomplicated pregnancy, a healthy child was born at full term and careful haematological and immunological monitoring has revealed no adverse effects resulting from exposure to rituximab."	( Safety of rituximab therapy during the first trimester of pregnancy: a case history. Elinder, G; Kimby, E; Sverrisdottir, A, 2004)	0.32
" This regimen is a safe approach in patients < 60 years but produced severe neurotoxicity in the elderly."	( A novel effective and safe consolidation for patients over 60 years with acute myeloid leukemia: intermediate dose cytarabine (2 x 1 g/m2 on days 1, 3, and 5). Fonatsch, C; Geissler, K; Jäger, U; Knöbl, P; Lechner, K; Piribauer, M; Schwarzinger, I; Sperr, WR; Thalhammer-Scherrer, R; Valent, P; Wimazal, F, 2004)	0.32
"IDAC is a safe and effective postremission therapy for elderly patients with AML."	( A novel effective and safe consolidation for patients over 60 years with acute myeloid leukemia: intermediate dose cytarabine (2 x 1 g/m2 on days 1, 3, and 5). Fonatsch, C; Geissler, K; Jäger, U; Knöbl, P; Lechner, K; Piribauer, M; Schwarzinger, I; Sperr, WR; Thalhammer-Scherrer, R; Valent, P; Wimazal, F, 2004)	0.32
" EP shows better chemical and physical properties, is said to be less toxic but is five times more expensive than VP16."	( Particular cutaneous side effects with etoposide-containing courses: is VP16 or etoposide phosphate responsible? Aubin, F; Burgot, G; Gandemer, V; Le Gall, E; Marigny, K, 2005)	0.6
" The medical files of 36 children (88 EP courses, 25 VP16 courses) included in these protocols were analysed on the basis that if a child showed a side effect during a course, the child had to have recovered from that side effect before the beginning of the next course."	( Particular cutaneous side effects with etoposide-containing courses: is VP16 or etoposide phosphate responsible? Aubin, F; Burgot, G; Gandemer, V; Le Gall, E; Marigny, K, 2005)	0.6
" The most frequent non-haematological adverse experiences of all grades per patient were nausea (T/C: 43."	( A randomised phase II study of the efficacy and safety of intravenous topotecan in combination with either cisplatin or etoposide in patients with untreated extensive disease small-cell lung cancer. Breton, JL; Cardenal, F; Gervais, R; Lymboura, M; Mattson, K; Preston, A; Quoix, E; Ross, G; Schramel, F; Wilson, J, 2005)	0.54
"Cardiotoxicity is potentially the most threatening nonhaematological side effect of high-dose CY."	( Very acute cardiac toxicity during BEAC chemotherapy in non-Hodgkin's lymphoma patients undergoing autologous stem cell transplantation. Ala-Kopsala, M; Hartikainen, J; Husso-Saastamoinen, M; Jantunen, E; Kuittinen, T; Nousiainen, T; Sipola, P; Vuolteenaho, O, 2005)	0.33
"We studied the frequency, causes, and predictors of adverse events in children with acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) who had completed treatment on contemporary clinical protocols between 1984 and 1999."	( Risk of adverse events after completion of therapy for childhood acute lymphoblastic leukemia. Campana, D; Cheng, C; Downing, JR; Evans, WE; Hijiya, N; Howard, SC; Hudson, M; Jeha, S; Pei, D; Pui, CH; Razzouk, BI; Relling, MV; Ribeiro, RC; Rubnitz, JE; Sandlund, JT, 2005)	0.33
"Of the 827 patients who completed all treatment while in initial complete remission, 134 patients subsequently had major adverse events, including 90 leukemic relapses, 40 second malignancies, and four deaths in remission."	( Risk of adverse events after completion of therapy for childhood acute lymphoblastic leukemia. Campana, D; Cheng, C; Downing, JR; Evans, WE; Hijiya, N; Howard, SC; Hudson, M; Jeha, S; Pei, D; Pui, CH; Razzouk, BI; Relling, MV; Ribeiro, RC; Rubnitz, JE; Sandlund, JT, 2005)	0.33
"5 million adverse drug reaction (ADR) reports for 8620 drugs/biologics that are listed for 1191 Coding Symbols for Thesaurus of Adverse Reaction (COSTAR) terms of adverse effects."	( Assessment of the health effects of chemicals in humans: II. Construction of an adverse effects database for QSAR modeling. Benz, RD; Contrera, JF; Kruhlak, NL; Matthews, EJ; Weaver, JL, 2004)	0.32
" Adverse reactions (AR) were evaluated; quality assurance of data collection reviewed."	( Safety assessment of intensive induction with vincristine, ifosfamide, doxorubicin, and etoposide (VIDE) in the treatment of Ewing tumors in the EURO-E.W.I.N.G. 99 clinical trial. Craft, A; Juergens, C; Juergens, H; Lewis, I; Michon, J; Oberlin, O; Paulussen, M; Weston, C; Whelan, J; Zoubek, A, 2006)	0.56
"Our data show that whereas TRAIL alone or together with selected chemotherapeutic drugs seems to be safe, the combination of TRAIL with cisplatin is toxic to PHH."	( Preclinical differentiation between apparently safe and potentially hepatotoxic applications of TRAIL either alone or in combination with chemotherapeutic drugs. Büchler, P; Ganten, TM; Haas, TL; Koschny, R; Schader, MB; Schulze-Bergkamen, H; Stremmel, W; Sykora, J; Untergasser, A; Walczak, H, 2006)	0.33
" IC87114 did not have direct adverse effects or enhance the activity of VP16 on the proliferation and survival of normal haemopoietic progenitors."	( A selective inhibitor of the p110delta isoform of PI 3-kinase inhibits AML cell proliferation and survival and increases the cytotoxic effects of VP16. Billottet, C; Gale, RE; Grandage, VL; Khwaja, A; Quattropani, A; Rommel, C; Vanhaesebroeck, B, 2006)	0.33
" Our results indicate that the cytotoxicity-enhancing action by the tumour-specific apoptin in combination with chemotherapeutic agents might offer an effective and safe antitumour therapeutics."	( Additive cytotoxic effect of apoptin and chemotherapeutic agents paclitaxel and etoposide on human tumour cells. Backendorf, C; Noteborn, MH; Olijslagers, SJ; Zhang, YH, 2007)	0.57
" Because etoposide-induced pulmonary toxicity is an uncommon but serious adverse event, clinicians must be vigilant about the possibility of it, so that the optimal treatment can start as soon as possible."	( PET scintigraphy of etoposide-induced pulmonary toxicity. Biesma, DH; Grutters, JC; Post, MC; Verzijlbergen, JF, 2007)	1.08
" It is markedly less toxic than podophyllotoxin (IC (50) : 13 - 61 nM), but exhibits tumoricidal effects close to those of etoposide."	( Reversal of P-glycoprotein-mediated drug efflux by eudesmin from Haplophyllum perforatum and cytotoxicity pattern versus diphyllin, podophyllotoxin and etoposide. Akhmedjanova, V; Balansard, G; Barthomeuf, C; Beliveau, R; Debiton, E; Grassi, J; Lim, S, 2007)	0.75
"Hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis (HLH) during childhood cancer treatment is a rare adverse event posing major diagnostic and therapeutic challenges."	( Hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis as severe adverse event of antineoplastic treatment in children. Benesch, M; Lackner, H; Moser, A; Schwinger, W; Sovinz, P; Urban, C, 2008)	0.35
" It also seemed to be related to a greater dose reduction, which may explain that toxic episodes and delays occurred more frequently in the younger patients receiving the full scheduled dose."	( Retrospective study of efficacy and toxicity on patients older than 70 years within a randomized clinical trial of two cisplatin-based combinations in patients with small-cell lung cancer. Artal-Cortes, A; Barneto, I; Camps, C; Carrato, A; Gómez-Codina, J; González-Larriba, JL; Isla, D; Rosell, R; Safont, MJ; Sirera, R, 2009)	0.35
" In the previous five cycles of ifosfamide, carboplatin, and etoposide, the patient had no problems with the neurotoxic adverse effects associated with ifosfamide use."	( Possible contribution of aprepitant to ifosfamide-induced neurotoxicity. Jarkowski, A, 2008)	0.59
" Sequential dose intense ifosfamide, etoposide, carboplatin +/- rituximab was more toxic and no more effective than the same drugs given in a conventional fashion."	( Sequential high-dose ifosfamide, carboplatin and etoposide with rituximab for relapsed Hodgkin and large B-cell non-Hodgkin lymphoma: increased toxicity without improvement in progression-free survival. Beaven, AW; Chao, N; Gabriel, DA; Garcia, RA; Gockerman, JP; Moore, DT; Rizzieri, DA; Serody, JS; Shea, TC, 2009)	0.88
" Patients receiving PEB experienced no pulmonary toxicity, nephrotoxicity nor neurological adverse events."	( Cisplatin, etoposide and continuous infusion bleomycin in patients with testicular germ cell tumors: efficacy and toxicity data from a retrospective study. Adamoli, L; Cossu Rocca, M; Curigliano, G; De Cobelli, O; De Pas, T; Fumagalli, L; Goldhirsch, A; Jereczek-Fossa, B; Locatelli, M; Lorizzo, K; Magni, E; Martinelli, G; Nolè, F; Spitaleri, G; Verri, E, 2009)	0.74
"Transgenic reporter mice can contribute in the development of less toxic and more selective drugs to treat disease."	( Spatial monitoring of toxicity in HMOX-LacZ transgenic mice. Brown, K; Hayes, JD; Whitelaw, CB; Wolf, CR; Young, R, 2010)	0.36
" The conditioning regimen was well tolerated, without any toxic deaths."	( Toxicity of high-dose chemotherapy with etoposide, thiotepa and CY in treating poor-prognosis Ewing's sarcoma family tumors: the experience of the Bambino Gesù Children's Hospital. Cozza, R; De Ioris, MA; De Lurentis, C; De Sio, L; Fidani, P; Ilari, I; Jenkner, A; Milano, GM; Pessolano, R, 2010)	0.63
" Our study indicates that modified R-ESHAP is an effective and safe salvage regimen for relapsed/refractory FL, however, its efficacy for relapsed DLBCL is limited."	( Efficacy and safety of modified rituximab-ESHAP therapy for relapsed/refractory B-cell lymphoma. Asai, T; Hangaishi, A; Imai, T; Kurokawa, M; Nannya, Y; Takahashi, T; Ueda, K; Yamamoto, G, 2010)	0.36
" In the present study, we show that GA induces actin disruption and has tumor cell-selective toxic properties, and that its selectivity is superior to those of all the clinically available antitumor agents tested."	( Novel effects of glycyrrhetinic acid on the central nervous system tumorigenic progenitor cells: induction of actin disruption and tumor cell-selective toxicity. Kamiie, K; Kidachi, Y; Noshita, T; Ryoyama, K; Umetsu, H; Yamaguchi, H; Yu, T, 2010)	0.36
" All three drugs showed a significant and dose-dependent reduction of cluster number and surface area, indicating their adverse effects specific to spermatogonia."	( Development of a short-term fluorescence-based assay to assess the toxicity of anticancer drugs on rat stem/progenitor spermatogonia in vitro. Hales, BF; Marcon, L; Nagano, MC; Robaire, B; Zhang, X, 2010)	0.36
" An understanding of structure-activity relationships (SARs) of chemicals can make a significant contribution to the identification of potential toxic effects early in the drug development process and aid in avoiding such problems."	( Developing structure-activity relationships for the prediction of hepatotoxicity. Fisk, L; Greene, N; Naven, RT; Note, RR; Patel, ML; Pelletier, DJ, 2010)	0.36
" These findings suggest that wogonin may be a useful chemotherapeutic adjuvant to potentiate the pharmacological action of etoposide and ameliorate its adverse effects."	( Wogonin potentiates the antitumor action of etoposide and ameliorates its adverse effects. Enomoto, R; Koshiba, C; Lee, E; Suzuki, C, 2011)	0.84
" Although relapse remained the most frequent cause of treatment failure, late-onset adverse events were observed, including two cases of severe pulmonary impairment, and two cases of therapy-related myelodysplastic syndromes (MDS)/AML."	( Safety and efficacy of high-dose ranimustine, cytarabine, etoposide and CY (MCVAC) regimen followed by autologous peripheral blood stem cell transplantation for high-risk diffuse large B-cell lymphoma. Kato, J; Mori, T; Okamoto, S; Shimizu, T; Tsukada, Y; Ueda, T; Yokoyama, K, 2011)	0.61
"The majority of patients with Hodgkin's disease can be cured by combination of polychemotherapy and radiotherapy (RT) that can produce late toxic pulmonary and cardiac effects which often remain at a subclinical level."	( Cardiopulmonary toxicity of different chemoradiotherapy combined regimens for Hodgkin's disease. Bonfante, V; Busia, A; Laffranchi, A; Villani, F; Viviani, S, 2010)	0.36
"These data confirm that the combination of mediastinal RT with the more commonly used polychemotherapy regimens produce late toxic effects."	( Cardiopulmonary toxicity of different chemoradiotherapy combined regimens for Hodgkin's disease. Bonfante, V; Busia, A; Laffranchi, A; Villani, F; Viviani, S, 2010)	0.36
"The adverse effects of combination chemotherapy of ifosfamide, cisplatin, and etoposide (ICE) were evaluated in the treatment of various intracranial brain tumors."	( [The safety of combination chemotherapy with ifosfamide, cisplatin, and etoposide (ICE): single-institution retrospective review of 108 cases]. Kanamori, M; Kumabe, T; Saito, R; Sonoda, Y; Tominaga, T; Yamashita, Y, 2010)	0.82
" The adverse effects were analyzed based on the the clinical or laboratory examinations."	( [The safety of combination chemotherapy with ifosfamide, cisplatin, and etoposide (ICE): single-institution retrospective review of 108 cases]. Kanamori, M; Kumabe, T; Saito, R; Sonoda, Y; Tominaga, T; Yamashita, Y, 2010)	0.59
"Common Terminology Criteria for Adverse Events ver."	( [The safety of combination chemotherapy with ifosfamide, cisplatin, and etoposide (ICE): single-institution retrospective review of 108 cases]. Kanamori, M; Kumabe, T; Saito, R; Sonoda, Y; Tominaga, T; Yamashita, Y, 2010)	0.59
"The high rate of adverse effects requires close follow up and dose reduction."	( [The safety of combination chemotherapy with ifosfamide, cisplatin, and etoposide (ICE): single-institution retrospective review of 108 cases]. Kanamori, M; Kumabe, T; Saito, R; Sonoda, Y; Tominaga, T; Yamashita, Y, 2010)	0.59
" The only randomised study evaluating CSFs in this context showed significant increase in grade 3/4 thrombocytopenia and an excess of pulmonary toxic deaths."	( Use of G-CSF during concurrent chemotherapy and thoracic radiotherapy in patients with limited-stage small-cell lung cancer safety data from a phase II trial. Ashcroft, L; Blackhall, F; Califano, R; Colaco, R; Faivre-Finn, C; Lorigan, P; Sheikh, H; Taylor, P; Thatcher, N, 2011)	0.37
"This trial determined that it is safe and feasible to include gemtuzumab ozogamicin in combination with intensive chemotherapy."	( AAML03P1, a pilot study of the safety of gemtuzumab ozogamicin in combination with chemotherapy for newly diagnosed childhood acute myeloid leukemia: a report from the Children's Oncology Group. Alonzo, TA; Arceci, RJ; Cooper, TM; Feusner, J; Franklin, J; Gamis, A; Gerbing, RB; Hirsch, B; Hurwitz, C; Iannone, R; Lavey, RS; Mathew, P; Meshinchi, S; Raimondi, SC; Smith, FO, 2012)	0.38
" In conclusion, the new BeEAM regimen is safe and effective for heavily pretreated lymphoma patients."	( BeEAM (bendamustine, etoposide, cytarabine, melphalan) before autologous stem cell transplantation is safe and effective for resistant/relapsed lymphoma patients. Caballero, MD; Capria, S; Cuberli, F; Falcioni, S; Ferrara, F; Galieni, P; Gaudio, F; Gherlinzoni, F; Giardini, C; Gobbi, M; Isidori, A; Malerba, L; Meloni, G; Ocio, EM; Rocchi, M; Santoro, A; Sarina, B; Specchia, G; Stefani, PM; Visani, G, 2011)	0.69
" The chemotherapeutical Cisplatin/Etoposide protocol proved to be more toxic both in hematologic (3% vs."	( [Comparison of efficiency and toxicity of two chemotherapy protocols in treatment of advanced non-small cell lung cancer]. Abazović, AM; Beculić, H; Dervisević, S; Kovcin, V; Musić, M; Sisić, I, )	0.41
" However, the Cisplatin, Vinorelbine protocol could be recommended because of its less expressed toxic effects."	( [Comparison of efficiency and toxicity of two chemotherapy protocols in treatment of advanced non-small cell lung cancer]. Abazović, AM; Beculić, H; Dervisević, S; Kovcin, V; Musić, M; Sisić, I, )	0.13
"Previously, adverse event reports (AERs) submitted to the US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) database were reviewed to confirm platinum agent-associated hypersensitivity reactions."	( Hypersensitivity reactions to anticancer agents: data mining of the public version of the FDA adverse event reporting system, AERS. Brown, JB; Kadoyama, K; Kuwahara, A; Okuno, Y; Sakaeda, T; Yamamori, M, 2011)	0.37
" However, the total number of adverse events occurring with procarbazine, asparaginase, teniposide, or etoposide was not large enough to detect signals."	( Hypersensitivity reactions to anticancer agents: data mining of the public version of the FDA adverse event reporting system, AERS. Brown, JB; Kadoyama, K; Kuwahara, A; Okuno, Y; Sakaeda, T; Yamamori, M, 2011)	0.58
"The FDA's adverse event reporting system, AERS, and the data mining methods used herein are useful for confirming drug-associated adverse events, but the number of co-occurrences is an important factor in signal detection."	( Hypersensitivity reactions to anticancer agents: data mining of the public version of the FDA adverse event reporting system, AERS. Brown, JB; Kadoyama, K; Kuwahara, A; Okuno, Y; Sakaeda, T; Yamamori, M, 2011)	0.37
"We report that daurinol, a novel arylnaphthalene lignan, is a promising potential anticancer agent with adverse effects that are less severe than those of etoposide, a clinical anticancer agent."	( A novel topoisomerase inhibitor, daurinol, suppresses growth of HCT116 cells with low hematological toxicity compared to etoposide. Batsuren, D; Jho, EH; Kang, JH; Kang, K; Kim, M; Nho, CW; Oh, SH; Park, KH; Tunsag, J; Yun, JH, 2011)	0.77
" These features of the pluripotent stem cells are the major issue for development of safe cell therapy technologies based on pluripotent stem cells."	( [Antiproliferative and cytotoxic effects of different type cytostatics on mouse pluripotent stem and teratocarcinoma cells]. Gordeeva, OF, )	0.13
" Late-onset adverse events including two cases of cytomegalovirus pneumonia and one of interstitial pneumonia were observed."	( Safety and feasibility of high-dose ranimustine (MCNU), carboplatin, etoposide, and cyclophosphamide (MCVC) therapy followed by autologous stem cell transplantation for malignant lymphoma. Harigae, H; Hirokawa, M; Ishida, Y; Ishizawa, K; Ito, J; Kameoka, Y; Kato, Y; Murai, K; Noji, H; Sasaki, O; Sawada, K; Shichishima, T; Tajima, K; Takahashi, N, 2012)	0.61
" A frequent side effect of etoposide is myelosuppression, which restricts the use of this drug."	( The influence of curcumin and (-)-epicatechin on the genotoxicity and myelosuppression induced by etoposide in bone marrow cells of male rats. Papież, MA, 2013)	0.9
" Safety assessment studies including hemolysis test, rabbit ear vein test and injection anaphylaxis were undertaken and the EPE was proven to be safe for intravenous administration."	( A stable and practical etoposide-containing intravenous long-/medium-chain triglycerides-based lipid emulsion formulation: pharmacokinetics, biodistribution, toxicity, and antitumor efficacy. Cai, C; Dong, W; Fan, D; Niu, Y; Tang, X; Wu, X; Zhang, L, 2013)	0.7
"Since 1985, we introduced a modified combination of etoposide, ifosfamide, and cisplatin (PEI) as second-line therapy of adult male germ cell tumors with the aim to reduce toxic effect while maintaining efficacy over the original regimen."	( Modified cisplatin, etoposide, and ifosfamide (PEI) salvage therapy for male germ cell tumors: long-term efficacy and safety outcomes. Biasoni, D; Catanzaro, M; Farè, E; Giannatempo, P; Gianni, AM; Mariani, L; Milani, A; Necchi, A; Nicolai, N; Piva, L; Pizzocaro, G; Raggi, D; Salvioni, R; Stagni, S; Torelli, T, 2013)	0.96
"2% neurotoxic effect, and no severe renal toxic effect were recorded."	( Modified cisplatin, etoposide, and ifosfamide (PEI) salvage therapy for male germ cell tumors: long-term efficacy and safety outcomes. Biasoni, D; Catanzaro, M; Farè, E; Giannatempo, P; Gianni, AM; Mariani, L; Milani, A; Necchi, A; Nicolai, N; Piva, L; Pizzocaro, G; Raggi, D; Salvioni, R; Stagni, S; Torelli, T, 2013)	0.71
" This regimen was safe with a low rate of febrile neutropenia (7."	( Chemomobilization with high-dose etoposide and G-CSF results in effective and safe stem cell collection in heavily pretreated lymphoma patients: report from a single institution study and review. Bal, C; Gulbas, Z; Ozkan, HA, 2014)	0.68
"Bleomycin-etoposid-cisplatin (BEP) chemotherapy is curative in most patients with disseminated germ cell cancer (GCC) but also associated with toxic actions and dysfunction in non-targeted tissues."	( Safety and efficacy of resistance training in germ cell cancer patients undergoing chemotherapy: a randomized controlled trial. Adamsen, L; Andersen, JL; Christensen, JF; Daugaard, G; Højman, P; Jones, LW; Jørgensen, LW; Nielsen, RH; Rørth, M; Tolver, A, 2014)	0.4
" Resistance training was safe and attenuated dysfunction in selected endpoints, but BEP blunted several positive adaptations observed in healthy controls."	( Safety and efficacy of resistance training in germ cell cancer patients undergoing chemotherapy: a randomized controlled trial. Adamsen, L; Andersen, JL; Christensen, JF; Daugaard, G; Højman, P; Jones, LW; Jørgensen, LW; Nielsen, RH; Rørth, M; Tolver, A, 2014)	0.4
" In xenograft models, 9a demonstrated significant activity without overt adverse effects at 5 and 10 mg/kg, comparable to 3 at 100 mg/kg."	( Design, synthesis, mechanisms of action, and toxicity of novel 20(s)-sulfonylamidine derivatives of camptothecin as potent antitumor agents. Chang, LC; Goto, M; Hung, HY; Kuo, DH; Kuo, SC; Lee, KH; Liu, YQ; Morris-Natschke, SL; Nan, X; Pan, SL; Qian, K; Teng, CM; Wang, CY; Wang, MJ; Wu, TS; Wu, YC; Yang, JS; Yang, L; Yang, XM; Zhao, XB; Zhao, YL, 2014)	0.4
" There was a statistically significantly lower rate of grades 3 and 4 gastrointestinal adverse events in the palifermin arm (21% vs."	( A randomized trial of prophylactic palifermin on gastrointestinal toxicity after intensive induction therapy for acute myeloid leukaemia. Bradstock, KF; Collins, M; Cull, G; Di Iulio, J; Enno, A; Hahn, U; Lewis, ID; Link, E; Marlton, P; Schwarer, A; Seymour, JF; Szer, J, 2014)	0.4
" Adverse effects on the gastrointestinal tract also were lower than in controls (p<0."	( Safety of Brucea javanica and cantharidin combined with chemotherapy for treatment of NSCLC patients. Huang, XE; Ji, ZQ; Liu, J; Tang, JH; Wang, L; Wu, XY, 2014)	0.4
" It has been previously shown (Gordeeva, 2012) that the assessment of embryotoxicity in the model of undifferentiated embryonic stem cells can be insufficiently accurate in predicting toxic effects on mammalian embryos."	( [Cytotoxic effects of etoposide at different stages of differentiation of embryoid bodies formed by mouse embryonic stem cells]. Gordeeva, OF, )	0.45
" In this project, we evaluated the effects of silibinin, a natural plant component of milk thistle seeds, to potentiate toxic effects of chemotherapy drugs such as temozolomide, etoposide and irinotecan on LN229, U87 and A172 (P53 and phosphatase and tensin homolog (PTEN) -tumor suppressor-mutated) glioma cell lines."	( The effect of silibinin in enhancing toxicity of temozolomide and etoposide in p53 and PTEN-mutated resistant glioma cell lines. Elhag, R; Mazzio, EA; Soliman, KF, 2015)	0.85
" Five patients did not complete treatments because of adverse events."	( AMC 048: modified CODOX-M/IVAC-rituximab is safe and effective for HIV-associated Burkitt lymphoma. Ambinder, R; Baiocchi, R; Cesarman, E; Kaplan, L; Lee, JY; Noy, A; Ratner, L; Reid, E; Wagner-Johnston, N, 2015)	0.42
" Grades 3-5 adverse events irrespective of attribution during cycle 1 included: dehydration (1), diarrhea (1), fatigue (1), febrile neutropenia (1), heart failure (1), leukopenia (6), lymphopenia (1), nausea (2), neutropenia (8), respiratory failure (1), and thrombocytopenia (2)."	( A phase 1 safety study of veliparib combined with cisplatin and etoposide in extensive stage small cell lung cancer: A trial of the ECOG-ACRIN Cancer Research Group (E2511). Aggarwal, C; Belani, CP; Dahlberg, SE; Dowell, J; Gerber, DE; Hann, CL; Khan, SA; Moss, RA; Owonikoko, TK; Ramalingam, SS, 2015)	0.66
"Acute kidney injury (AKI) is a common and serious adverse effect of cisplatin-based chemotherapy."	( Urinary kidney injury molecule-1 and monocyte chemotactic protein-1 are noninvasive biomarkers of cisplatin-induced nephrotoxicity in lung cancer patients. Bonventre, JV; Ichimura, T; Ikemi, Y; Kim, YH; Masuda, S; Matsubara, K; Mishima, M; Ozawa, A; Sato, T; Shinke, H; Togashi, Y, 2015)	0.42
" This work provides a novel system for the safe and efficient use of etoposide on non-small cell lung cancer and explores the mechanism of the function of nano carrier in cancer therapy both in vitro and in vivo."	( pH sensitive nano layered double hydroxides reduce the hematotoxicity and enhance the anticancer efficacy of etoposide on non-small cell lung cancer. Wang, Q; Wang, S; Wang, Z; Wu, B; Wu, X; Zhang, H; Zhu, R; Zhu, Y, 2016)	0.88
"Carboplatin-etoposide combination therapy for NEC may have comparable effectiveness and milder adverse events than cisplatin-etoposide combination therapy."	( Efficacy and Safety of Carboplatin and Etoposide Combination Chemotherapy for Extrapulmonary Neuroendocrine Carcinoma: A Retrospective Case Series. Imai, H; Ishioka, C; Komine, K; Okita, A; Saijo, K; Shimodaira, H; Shirota, H; Takahashi, M; Takahashi, S, 2016)	1.08
" In this study, we investigated the toxic potential of the mixture of 5-FU + IM + ET against green alga Pseudokirchneriella subcapitata and cyanobacterium Synechococcus leopoliensis, and the stability and sorption of these drugs to algal cells."	( Toxicity of the mixture of selected antineoplastic drugs against aquatic primary producers. Barceló, D; Brezovsek, P; de Alda, ML; Elersek, T; Filipič, M; Heath, E; Korošec, M; Milavec, S; Negreira, N; Ščančar, J; Zonja, B, 2016)	0.43
" A phase I dose-escalation study of palifermin in pediatric patients with acute leukemias undergoing myeloablative HSCT with total body irradiation, etoposide, and cyclophosphamide was performed to determine a safe and tolerable dose and to characterize the pharmacokinetic (PK) profile and efficacy of palifermin."	( Safety, Pharmacokinetics, and Efficacy of Palifermin in Children and Adolescents with Acute Leukemias Undergoing Myeloablative Therapy and Allogeneic Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation: A Pediatric Blood and Marrow Transplant Consortium Trial. Aquino, V; Duerst, R; Graham, M; Moore, T; Morris, C; Morris, J; Neudorf, S; Olsson, B; Rudebeck, M; Shah, AJ, 2016)	0.63
"Bleomycin induced flagellate dermatitis is an uncommon and unique adverse effect."	( Bleomycin induced flagellate erythema in a patient with thalamic mixed germ cell tumour: Report of a rare adverse effect. Biswas, A; Julka, PK, 2016)	0.43
" Adverse events that could possibly be related to intraventricular etoposide therapy were documented and analyzed."	( Intraventricular etoposide safety and toxicity profile in children and young adults with refractory or recurrent malignant brain tumors. Benesch, M; Bode, U; Fleischhack, G; Gnekow, A; Mikasch, R; Pajtler, KW; Pietsch, T; Reichling, S; Rutkowski, S; Siegler, N; Tippelt, S; Zimmermann, M, 2016)	1.01
" This single-center prospective study demonstrated that the dose-modified IVE regimen can be used as a safe treatment with high mobilizing efficacy in heavily pretreated lymphoma patients."	( Dose-Modified Ifosfamide, Epirubicin, and Etoposide is a Safe and Effective Salvage Therapy with High Peripheral Blood Stem Cell Mobilization Capacity for Poorly Mobilized Hodgkin's Lymphoma and Non-Hodgkin's Lymphoma Patients. Arima, N; Fukunaga, A; Hyuga, M; Iwasaki, M; Kishimoto, W; Maesako, Y; Nakae, Y, 2016)	0.7
"To explore the efficiency and adverse effects of the effective EP (etoposide + cisplatin) therapy and its subsequent maintenance therapy with different durations in patients with small cell lung cancer (SCLC)."	( [Efficiency and adverse effects of the effective therapy applying etoposide + cisplatin and its subsequent maintenance therapy with different durations in patients with small cell lung cancer]. Cheng, Y; Cui, HX; Li, ZL; Ma, LX; Sun, SY; Yang, CL, 2016)	0.91
" The progression-free survival (PFS), overall survival (OS) and adverse effects in the 4-week maintenance therapy group, 6-week maintenance therapy group and control group were analyzed."	( [Efficiency and adverse effects of the effective therapy applying etoposide + cisplatin and its subsequent maintenance therapy with different durations in patients with small cell lung cancer]. Cheng, Y; Cui, HX; Li, ZL; Ma, LX; Sun, SY; Yang, CL, 2016)	0.67
" Etoposide and teniposide, were 5-10 times less toxic to differentiated neurons compared to the mix of all cells in monolayer cultures."	( Separating chemotherapy-related developmental neurotoxicity from cytotoxicity in monolayer and neurosphere cultures of human fetal brain cells. Al-Rubai, AJ; Grabowska, AM; Ivanov, DP; Pratten, MK, 2016)	1.34
"Combined carboplatin and VP16P may be compatible for intravitreal injection therapy, and a single dose of 2 µg/25 µg appears to be safe in a rabbit model."	( Preclinical Acute Ocular Safety Study of Combined Intravitreal Carboplatin and Etoposide Phosphate for Retinoblastoma. Elner, VM; Harbour, JW; Mohney, BG; Musch, DC; Smith, AB; Smith, BD; Smith, SJ, 2017)	0.68
" Adverse effects were graded according to the Veterinary Cooperative Oncology Group criteria."	( Dose escalation study to evaluate safety, tolerability and efficacy of intravenous etoposide phosphate administration in 27 dogs with multicentric lymphoma. Bouchaert, E; Boyé, P; Gomes, B; Hordeaux, J; Marescaux, L; Serres, F; Tierny, D, 2017)	0.68
"Nephrotoxicity is a well-known side effect of platinum-based chemotherapy."	( Incidence and prognostic significance of nephrotoxicity in patients receiving eshap as salvage therapy for lymphoma. Batlle, M; Feliu, E; Ferra, C; Garcia, O; Ibarra, G; Lopez, D; Moreno, M; Pineda, A; Ribera, JM; Sancho, JM; Sorigue, M; Tapia, G; Vives, S, 2017)	0.46
" Twelve patients (23·1%) had neurotoxic adverse effects (neuro-AE) of any grade, of whom 7 (13·5%) developed neurotoxicity ≥ grade III."	( Neurotoxic side effects in children with refractory or relapsed T-cell malignancies treated with nelarabine based therapy. Bleckmann, K; Borkhardt, A; Bronsema, A; Burkhardt, B; Chen-Santel, C; Debatin, KM; Ebinger, M; Eckert, C; Escherich, G; Klingebiel, T; Kolb, R; Koscielniak, E; Kuhlen, M; Möricke, A; Queudeville, M; Rossig, C; Schrappe, M; Vieth, S; von Stackelberg, A; Vonalt, A; Zwaan, CM, 2017)	0.46
"Radiochemotherapy involving cisplatinum-based polychemotherapy is more toxic than radiotherapy in combination with temozolomide."	( Concurrent radiotherapy with temozolomide vs. concurrent radiotherapy with a cisplatinum-based polychemotherapy regimen : Acute toxicity in pediatric high-grade glioma patients. Bison, B; Bojko, S; Gielen, GH; Hoffmann, M; Kortmann, RD; Kramm, CM; Pietsch, T; Seidel, C; von Bueren, AO; Warmuth-Metz, M, 2018)	0.48
"BACKGROUND The aim of this study was to compare nutrition-related adverse events and clinical outcomes of ifosfamide, carboplatin, and etoposide regimen (ICE therapy) and ranimustine, carboplatin, etoposide, and cyclophosphamide regimen (MCEC therapy) instituted as pretreatment for autologous peripheral blood stem cell transplantation."	( Comparison of Nutrition-Related Adverse Events and Clinical Outcomes Between ICE (Ifosfamide, Carboplatin, and Etoposide) and MCEC (Ranimustine, Carboplatin, Etoposide, and Cyclophosphamide) Therapies as Pretreatment for Autologous Peripheral Blood Stem C Aoyama, T; Arai, H; Ikeda, T; Imataki, O; Ishide, K; Katsumata, N; Kume, T; Mori, M; Shiozaki, H, 2018)	0.9
" Bevacizumab was administered at a dose of 100 mg intravenously once a week combined with one or two types of chemotherapeutic drugs until confirmed disease progression or an intolerable adverse event was observed."	( Analysis of the activity and safety of weekly low-dose bevacizumab-based regimens in heavily pretreated patients with metastatic breast cancer. Chen, J; Fan, Y; Hong, R; Ma, F; Ou, K; Sang, D; Wang, J; Xu, B; Yuan, P; Zhai, X; Zhao, C, 2018)	0.48
" The most common hematological adverse events were neutropenia, anemia, and thrombocytopenia."	( Analysis of the activity and safety of weekly low-dose bevacizumab-based regimens in heavily pretreated patients with metastatic breast cancer. Chen, J; Fan, Y; Hong, R; Ma, F; Ou, K; Sang, D; Wang, J; Xu, B; Yuan, P; Zhai, X; Zhao, C, 2018)	0.48
" A less toxic regimen might improve the outcome of patients with lymphoma after transplantation."	( High-dose Bendamustine-EAM followed by autologous stem cell rescue results in long-term remission rates in lymphoma patients, without renal toxicity. Boehm, A; Keil, F; Koller, E; Menschel, E; Moestl, M; Noesslinger, T; Panny, M; Simanek, R, 2018)	0.48
" The frequency of adverse events and effectiveness in inhibiting neutropenia were compared between cycles using pegfilgrastim and those using filgrastim."	( Effectiveness and Safety of Pegfilgrastim in BEP Treatment for Patients with Germ Cell Tumor. Iwamoto, H; Izumi, K; Kadono, Y; Makino, T; Mizokami, A; Natsagdorj, A; Nohara, T; Shigehara, K, )	0.13
" No significant differences in the incidence of febrile neutropenia and serious adverse events were observed."	( Effectiveness and Safety of Pegfilgrastim in BEP Treatment for Patients with Germ Cell Tumor. Iwamoto, H; Izumi, K; Kadono, Y; Makino, T; Mizokami, A; Natsagdorj, A; Nohara, T; Shigehara, K, )	0.13
"SCLC patients who underwent platinum-etoposide doublet therapy and molecular testing for UGT1A1 genotype were reviewed for the occurrence of adverse events during treatment."	( Association of nephrotoxicity during platinum-etoposide doublet therapy with UGT1A1 polymorphisms in small cell lung cancer patients. Anai, S; Iwama, E; Nakanishi, Y; Okamoto, I; Otsubo, K; Tanaka, K; Yoneshima, Y, 2018)	1.01
"Our study showed that the outpatient administration of interval-compressed regimen is safe and associated with acceptable adherence to this regimen."	( Safety and Cost-effectiveness of Outpatient Administration of High-dose Chemotherapy in Children With Ewing Sarcoma. Alnassan, A; Elshahoubi, A; Sultan, I, 2019)	0.51
" Complete remission to 4-day MEA and adverse effects were retrospectively evaluated."	( The efficacy and toxicity of 4-day chemotherapy with methotrexate, etoposide and actinomycin D in patients with choriocarcinoma and high-risk gestational trophoblastic neoplasia. Ino, K; Kajiyama, H; Kikkawa, F; Kotani, T; Niimi, K; Nishino, K; Sato, S; Suzuki, S; Yamamoto, E, 2020)	0.79
" The major adverse effects were leukocytopenia, anemia, and nausea."	( The efficacy and toxicity of 4-day chemotherapy with methotrexate, etoposide and actinomycin D in patients with choriocarcinoma and high-risk gestational trophoblastic neoplasia. Ino, K; Kajiyama, H; Kikkawa, F; Kotani, T; Niimi, K; Nishino, K; Sato, S; Suzuki, S; Yamamoto, E, 2020)	0.79
"The results suggest that the efficacy and the adverse effects of 4-day MEA for choriocarcinoma and high-risk GTN may be the same level as EMA/CO."	( The efficacy and toxicity of 4-day chemotherapy with methotrexate, etoposide and actinomycin D in patients with choriocarcinoma and high-risk gestational trophoblastic neoplasia. Ino, K; Kajiyama, H; Kikkawa, F; Kotani, T; Niimi, K; Nishino, K; Sato, S; Suzuki, S; Yamamoto, E, 2020)	0.79
" We have evaluated adverse events (AEs) and patient-reported outcomes in IMpower133 to assess the benefit-risk profile of this regimen."	( Safety and patient-reported outcomes of atezolizumab, carboplatin, and etoposide in extensive-stage small-cell lung cancer (IMpower133): a randomized phase I/III trial. Andric, Z; Atagi, S; Califano, R; De Boer, R; Garassino, M; Horn, L; Kabbinavar, F; Karaseva, N; Każarnowicz, A; Lam, S; Lee, JS; Liu, SV; Mansfield, AS; Morris, S; Quach, C; Reck, M; Sánchez, A; Wen, X; Yu, W, 2020)	0.79
"Metronomic chemotherapy could prolong survival time of unfit AML patients, especially in the first 12 months after diagnosis without increasing treatment-associated adverse events."	( Efficacy and Safety of Metronomic Chemotherapy Versus Palliative Hydroxyurea in Unfit Acute Myeloid Leukemia Patients: A Multicenter, Open-Label Randomized Controlled Trial. Charoenprasert, K; Chinthammitr, Y; Kasyanan, H; Panoi, N; Phinyo, P; Pongudom, S; Purattanamal, J; Surawong, A; Wongyai, K, 2020)	0.56
" Our results suggest that f-R-ICE is a safe and effective salvage therapy for r/r DLBCL and can be used for older patients and/or those with high CCI scores in outpatient clinics."	( Fractionated ifosfamide, carboplatin, and etoposide with rituximab as a safe and effective treatment for relapsed/refractory diffuse large B cell lymphoma with severe comorbidities. Imai, Y; Shiseki, M; Tanaka, J; Tanaka, N; Yoshinaga, K, 2020)	0.82
" The experimental programme was safe and active in a multicentre setting, with only two episodes of grade 4 non-haematological toxicity (hepatotoxicity and mucositis), and no cases of systemic fungal infections; two patients died of toxicity (bacterial infections)."	( A dose-dense short-term therapy for human immunodeficiency virus/acquired immunodeficiency syndrome patients with high-risk Burkitt lymphoma or high-grade B-cell lymphoma: safety and efficacy results of the "CARMEN" phase II trial. Allione, B; Calimeri, T; Cattaneo, C; Donadoni, G; Facchetti, F; Ferrari, D; Ferreri, AJM; Foppoli, M; Fumagalli, L; Lleshi, A; Pecciarini, L; Ponzoni, M; Re, A; Rigacci, L; Rossi, G; Sassone, M; Spina, M; Verga, L, 2021)	0.62
" We hypothesized that outpatient administration of DA-EPOCH at a comprehensive cancer center is both safe and cost-effective."	( Safety and financial analysis of outpatient dose-adjusted EPOCH for B-cell lymphoma at a tertiary comprehensive cancer center. Kubal, TE; Li, W; McCarthy, KT; Richter, KA; Tobon, KA, 2021)	0.62
" Additional safety endpoints included hospitalizations between cycles, infectious complications, extravasations, drug spills, pump-malfunctions, and drug-related adverse events."	( Safety and financial analysis of outpatient dose-adjusted EPOCH for B-cell lymphoma at a tertiary comprehensive cancer center. Kubal, TE; Li, W; McCarthy, KT; Richter, KA; Tobon, KA, 2021)	0.62
"Routine outpatient administration of DA-EPOCH is both safe and feasible with a positive annual impact on margin of $1,444,548 at a comprehensive cancer center."	( Safety and financial analysis of outpatient dose-adjusted EPOCH for B-cell lymphoma at a tertiary comprehensive cancer center. Kubal, TE; Li, W; McCarthy, KT; Richter, KA; Tobon, KA, 2021)	0.62
" The primary endpoint compares and evaluates the side effect profiles of ifosfamide-treated patients in the OP/IP settings."	( Transitioning ifosfamide chemotherapy regimens to the ambulatory setting: reviewing cost savings and safety profile. Arredondo, A; Babiker, H; Banh, C; Boiles, AR; Elquza, E; Kraft, A; McBride, A; Notbohm, K; Ortega, A; Persky, D; Valsvik, K, 2022)	0.72
" The current processes allow for safe transition of chemotherapy of chemotherapy under times of COVID."	( Transitioning ifosfamide chemotherapy regimens to the ambulatory setting: reviewing cost savings and safety profile. Arredondo, A; Babiker, H; Banh, C; Boiles, AR; Elquza, E; Kraft, A; McBride, A; Notbohm, K; Ortega, A; Persky, D; Valsvik, K, 2022)	0.72
" This retrospective study shows that CARMEN is a safe and active regimen both in HIV-negative and -positive patients with MYC-rearranged lymphomas."	( Safety and efficacy of a dose-dense short-term therapy in patients with MYC-translocated aggressive lymphoma. Allione, B; Angelillo, P; Cattaneo, C; Erbella, F; Facchetti, F; Ferreri, AJM; Flospergher, E; Foppoli, M; Lleshi, A; Pagani, C; Pecciarini, L; Ponzoni, M; Re, A; Rossi, G; Sassone, M; Spina, M; Steffanoni, S; Verga, L, 2022)	0.72
" Grade ≥ 3 hematological adverse events occurred as follows: decreased white blood cells in 52."	( Efficacy and safety of amrubicin monotherapy after atezolizumab plus carboplatin and etoposide in patients with relapsed small-cell lung cancer. Imai, H; Kagamu, H; Kaira, K; Kanazawa, K; Kishikawa, T; Minato, K; Minemura, H; Mouri, A; Nagai, Y; Shiihara, J; Shiono, A; Taniguchi, H; Tsuda, T; Wasamoto, S; Yamada, Y; Yamaguchi, O, 2022)	0.95
" The incidence of grade 3 or higher adverse events (AEs) was 58."	( Safety and efficacy of anlotinib in combination with standard chemotherapy as first-line treatment for extensive-stage small cell lung cancer: A multi-center, prospective study (ACTION-2). Chen, L; Chen, Y; Deng, P; Dong, Y; Han, B; Kong, T; Liu, D; Qian, F; Yang, H; Zhang, B; Zhang, W; Zhang, Y, 2022)	0.72
" A safety endpoint was to assess the side effect profile and complications of intra-CSF etoposide."	( Evaluating the efficacy and safety of single-agent etoposide intra-CSF chemotherapy in children and young people with relapsed/refractory central nervous system tumours. Butler, A; Chohan, M; Dandapani, M; Grundy, R; Jalloh, I; Liu, JF; Macarthur, D; Meijer, L; Parr, M; Walker, D; Wilne, S; Wilson, S, 2023)	1.38
" The secondary endpoint was specific adverse events, including vomiting, fatigue, thrombocytopenia, constipation, and decreased appetite; hence we depicted the specific toxicity profile of each regimen."	( Efficacy and toxicity profile of first-line treatment for extensive-stage small cell lung cancer: A Bayesian network meta-analysis. Kang, K; Lin, G; Lu, Y; Luo, R; Wang, H; Yao, Z, 2023)	0.91
" Compared to VEC alone, similar rates of neutropenia, anemia, and thrombocytopenia were seen, with no toxic deaths."	( Toxicity and feasibility of vincristine, etoposide, and carboplatin alternating with vincristine, doxorubicin, and cyclophosphamide in children with advanced retinoblastoma in Guatemala. Alejos, A; Giron, V; Graff, Z; Luna-Fineman, S; Miller, K; Pixtun, D, 2023)	1.18
" The most common adverse effects were febrile neutropenia (98%), mucositis (72%) and colitis (60%)."	( Single-center retrospective study assessing the efficacy and safety of BeEAM (bendamustine, etoposide, cytarabine, melphalan) as conditioning regimen for autologous hematopoietic stem cell transplantation. Boudreault, JS; Feng, X; Plante, MÉ, )	0.35
"This study aimed to assess the relationship between immune response adverse events (irAEs) and treatment efficacy in patients with extensive disease small cell lung cancer (ED-SCLC)."	( Relationship between immune-related adverse events and treatment effectiveness in extensive disease small cell lung cancer. Honda, H; Kitamura, Y; Kudo, S; Morikawa, K; Sawai, T; Suzuki, K; Yamada, G; Yokoo, K, 2023)	0.91
" Adverse effect (AE)-related discontinuation occurred in 4 (4."	( Comparison of efficacy and safety between PD-1 inhibitors and PD-L1 inhibitors plus platinum-etoposide as first-line treatment for extensive-stage small-cell lung cancer: a multicenter, real-world analysis. Dai, G; Gao, M; Hu, J; Li, L; Ma, J; Wang, Y; Yan, H; Yang, X; Zhang, X; Zhao, Y, 2023)	1.13

Pharmacokinetics

The effect of interferon alfa-2b on etoposide-induced leukopenia was assessed indirectly by comparison of the observed white blood cell (WBC) nadir to the nadirs predicted from an established pharmacodynamic model for single agent etopOSide. The pharmacokinetic parameters of etopaside intravenously administered were not significantly different from other groups, suggesting that CYP 3A-mediated metabolism and the P-gp mediated efflux of eto in the liver and kidney seemed not to be markedly inhibited.

Excerpt	Reference	Relevance
" Pharmacodynamic correlations were significant for graded hematologic toxicities, as well as nadirs of leukocytes, neutrophils, and platelets for the initial courses and for all courses."	( Pharmacodynamics of three daily infusions of etoposide in patients with extensive-stage small-cell lung cancer. Griffin, JP; Miller, AA; Niell, HB; Stewart, CF; Tolley, EA, 1992)	0.54
" Etoposide pharmacokinetics included area under the concentration-time curve (AUC), total and renal clearance (CL), half-life (T1/2), and volume of distribution at steady state (Vss)."	( Alteration of etoposide pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics by cyclosporine in a phase I trial to modulate multidrug resistance. Adler, KM; Brophy, NA; Ehsan, MN; Gosland, MP; Halsey, J; Jew, L; Kaubisch, S; Lum, BL; Sikic, BI; Yahanda, AM, 1992)	1.55
" These pharmacokinetic changes are consistent with inhibition by CsA of the multidrug transporter P-glycoprotein in normal tissues."	( Alteration of etoposide pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics by cyclosporine in a phase I trial to modulate multidrug resistance. Adler, KM; Brophy, NA; Ehsan, MN; Gosland, MP; Halsey, J; Jew, L; Kaubisch, S; Lum, BL; Sikic, BI; Yahanda, AM, 1992)	0.64
"The large interpatient and intrapatient pharmacokinetic variability of oral etoposide is well known."	( What is the optimal dose and duration of treatment with etoposide? II. Comparative pharmacokinetic study of three schedules: 1 x 100 mg, 2 x 50 mg, and 4 x 25 mg of oral etoposide daily for 21 days. Kok, TC; Splinter, TA; van der Gaast, A; Vlastuin, M, 1992)	0.76
"We evaluated pharmacokinetic parameters during short-term infusion in 21 therapy cycles (18 children) on different therapeutic schedules (66-200 mg/m2)."	( Investigation of the variability of etoposide pharmacokinetics in children. Boos, J; Euting, T; Jürgens, H; Real, E; Wolff, J, 1992)	0.56
"During short-term infusion half-life (3."	( Investigation of the variability of etoposide pharmacokinetics in children. Boos, J; Euting, T; Jürgens, H; Real, E; Wolff, J, 1992)	0.56
" Dose reduction is not substantiated in children < 2 years by our pharmacokinetic data."	( Investigation of the variability of etoposide pharmacokinetics in children. Boos, J; Euting, T; Jürgens, H; Real, E; Wolff, J, 1992)	0.56
" Median pharmacokinetic parameters for ultrafilterable platinum were as follows: clearance 45."	( The pharmacokinetics of high-dose carboplatin in pediatric patients with cancer. Madden, T; Rodman, JH; Santana, VM; Sunderland, M, 1992)	0.28
" Pharmacokinetic parameters of BHAC in uremia were not different from that in patients with normal renal function, and hemodialysis did not affect on the plasma level of BHAC."	( [Pharmacokinetics of BHAC, VP-16 and Ara-C derived from BHAC in a hemodialysed patient with AMMoL]. Kaito, K; Katayama, T; Kobayashi, M; Masuoka, H; Nishiwaki, K; Ochiai, S; Saito, A; Shimada, T; Watanabe, R; Yoshida, M, 1991)	0.28
" The pharmacokinetic curve was found to fit to two compartment model."	( [Pharmacokinetic study of etoposide in aged patient with non Hodgkin lymphoma receiving hemodialysis]. Kanda, C; Matsubara, T; Matsumoto, T; Miyaoka, K, 1991)	0.58
"This report describes approaches to modeling interpatient pharmacodynamic variability of etoposide effect as measured by white blood cell count nadir."	( Modeling interpatient pharmacodynamic variability of etoposide. Mick, R; Ratain, MJ, 1991)	0.75
" As single agents, they display different dose-limiting toxicities and favourable pharmacokinetic characteristics in IP phase I trials."	( Teniposide and cisplatin given by intraperitoneal administration: preclinical and phase I/pharmacokinetic studies. Bugat, R; Canal, P; Chatelut, E; Chevreau, C; de Forni, M; Houin, G; Johnson, NP; Plusquellec, Y; Roche, H, 1991)	0.28
" Pharmacokinetic studies of etoposide were carried out in all patients."	( Clinical pharmacodynamics of continuous-infusion etoposide. Miller, AA; Stewart, CF; Tolley, EA, 1990)	0.83
" No relationship was found between biological and pharmacokinetic parameters."	( Pharmacokinetics and toxicity of two modalities of etoposide infusion in metastatic non-small-cell lung carcinoma. Blancy, E; Bugat, R; Canal, P; Chatelut, E; Chevreau, C; Houin, G; Lequellec, A; Roche, H, 1990)	0.53
" The results of ongoing pharmacodynamic studies of total and unbound etoposide in patients with increased bilirubin will determine the clinical relevance of altered etoposide protein binding."	( Changes in the clearance of total and unbound etoposide in patients with liver dysfunction. Arbuck, SG; Evans, WE; Fleming, RA; Stewart, CF, 1990)	0.77
" bolus pharmacokinetic data."	( Pharmacokinetics of very high-dose oral melphalan in cancer patients. Alberts, DS; Asbury, RF; Boros, L; Goodman, TL; Hickox, DE; Peng, YM; Penn, TE, 1990)	0.28
" In this patient, melphalan pharmacokinetics was different from that of patients without important renal dysfunction for the area under the concentration curve (1,324 mg."	( [Pharmacokinetics of high-dose melphalan (200 mg/m2) in a case of total renal insufficiency]. Ardiet, C; Biron, P; Mercatello, A; Philip, T; Tranchand, B, 1988)	0.27
" Carboplatin was given on either day 1 or day 2 of each course and pharmacokinetic studies were carried out in each patient on two courses."	( Carboplatin and etoposide pharmacokinetics in patients with testicular teratoma. Boxall, FE; Calvert, AH; Eeles, RA; Gumbrell, LA; Horwich, A; Newell, DR, 1989)	0.62
" This study, in addition, supports our concept of individualized dosing of carboplatin and the underlying pharmacokinetic/pharmacodynamic relationships and represents an interesting pharmacodynamic and quantitative approach to studying potential drug-drug interactions and defining appropriate dosages for combination chemotherapy."	( A novel pharmacodynamically based approach to dose optimization of carboplatin when used in combination with etoposide. Abrams, JS; Aisner, J; Belani, CP; Egorin, MJ; Eisenberger, M; Hiponia, D; Van Echo, DA, 1989)	0.49
"A survey of investigations performed by our group over the last few years whose goal was to obtain analytical, clinical and pharmacokinetic data concerning cancer chemotherapy with Pt-based drugs is reported."	( Clinical, analytical and pharmacokinetic aspects in cancer chemotherapy with platinum coordination compounds. Alimonti, A; Caroli, S; Castello, MA; Dominici, C; La Torre, F; Petrucci, F, 1989)	0.28
" Pharmacokinetic data are in agreement with previous reports."	( Unchanged pharmacokinetics of VP-16-213 (etoposide, NSC 141540) during concomitant administration of doxorubicin and cyclophosphamide. Lankelma, J; Pinedo, HM; Stam, J; van Hoogenhuijze, J, 1987)	0.54
"We sought to use a previously derived pharmacodynamic model for 72-hour etoposide infusions to adaptively control administration of this agent and to demonstrate that more predictable toxicity could be obtained with this dosing scheme."	( Adaptive control of etoposide administration: impact of interpatient pharmacodynamic variability. Choi, KE; Grimmer, D; Guarnieri, C; Liebner, MA; Ratain, MJ; Schilsky, RL; Senekjian, E; Vogelzang, NJ, 1989)	0.83
" In order to study this phenomenon, plasma, urine, and dialysate levels of etoposide were determined during five treatment courses with a high-performance liquid chromatographic method combined with electrochemical detection; this proved that the pharmacokinetic curves for etoposide fit a two-compartment model."	( Pharmacokinetic evaluation of increasing dosages of etoposide in a chronic hemodialysis patient. Bakaert, AB; De Broe, ME; Holthuis, JJ; Van de Vyver, FL; van Oort, WJ; Verleun, H, 1985)	0.75
" The noncompartmental systemic clearance, mean residence time, steady-state volume of distribution, and elimination half-life were independent of the dose of etoposide, whereas the AUC was proportional to the dose."	( Pharmacokinetics of high-dose etoposide. Blume, KG; Doroshow, JH; Forman, SJ; Newman, EM, 1988)	0.76
" The doses and durations of exposure were chosen to approximate some of the pharmacokinetic values achievable in either standard-dose or high-dose clinical studies."	( In vitro pharmacodynamic evaluation of VP-16-213 and implications for chemotherapy. Grosh, WW; Hande, KR; Prater, K; Wolff, SN, 1987)	0.27
" The pharmacokinetic parameters were correlated to clinical and laboratory findings."	( Drug monitoring of etoposide (VP16-213). Correlation of pharmacokinetic parameters to clinical and biochemical data from patients receiving etoposide. Havemann, K; Jungclas, H; Merkel, M; Pflüger, KH; Schmidt, L, 1987)	0.6
" In the control group plasma clearance (Clp), volume of distribution (Vd), and elimination half-life (t1/2 beta) of VP16 were, respectively, 22."	( Pharmacokinetics of etoposide in patients with abnormal renal and hepatic function. Cavalli, F; D'Incalci, M; Mangioni, C; Rossi, C; Sessa, C; Urso, R; Willems, Y; Zucchetti, M, 1986)	0.59
" The collected experience emphasizes the many individual variables encountered in clinical practice complicating the effort of correlating pharmacokinetic data with clinical results."	( Pharmacokinetic studies in lung cancer patients. Cattaneo, MT; Piazza, E; Varini, M, 1984)	0.27
" Systemic clearance, mean residence time, and beta-phase half-life of etoposide were significantly lower in those patients who had received cisplatin prior to their Phase II etoposide trial."	( Pharmacokinetics of etoposide (VP16) in children and adolescents with refractory solid tumors. Etcubanas, E; Evans, W; Hayes, FA; Hutson, P; Sinkule, JA, 1984)	0.82
" At both doses the plasma elimination of half-life was around 30 min."	( Pharmacokinetics of VP16-213 in Lewis lung carcinoma bearing mice. Broggini, M; Colombo, T; D'Incalci, M; Erba, E; Torti, L, 1982)	0.26
" Pharmacokinetic parameters were calculated by both model-dependent and compartment model-independent methods."	( Pharmacokinetics of Teniposide (VM26) and etoposide (VP16-213) in children with cancer. Crom, WR; Dow, L; Evans, WE; Look, AT; Rivera, G; Sinkule, JA, 1982)	0.53
" Subsequent pharmacokinetic analysis of one patient suggests that protein binding displacement of VP16-213 in plasma and perhaps ascites fluid increased the pharmacokinetic volume of distribution (28 l) and reduced the elimination half-life (12 h)."	( Combination chemotherapy of the epipodophyllotoxin derivatives, teniposide and etoposide. A pharmacodynamic rationale? Allen, LM; Nordqvist, S; Okonmah, AD; Tejada, F, 1982)	0.49
" There was a large interpatient variability of the area under the time versus concentration curve (AUC) for all three drugs."	( Pharmacokinetics of mitoxantrone, etoposide and cytosine arabinoside in leukemic cells during treatment of acute myelogenous leukemia--relationship to treatment outcome and bone marrow toxicity. Björkholm, M; Gruber, A; Liliemark, E; Liliemark, J; Paul, C; Peterson, C; Tidefelt, U, 1995)	0.57
" Pharmacokinetic parameters were calculated by a noncompartmental method."	( Pharmacokinetics and bioequivalence of etoposide following intravenous administration of etoposide phosphate and etoposide in patients with solid tumors. Bukowski, R; Fields, SZ; Gandara, D; Goss, G; Igwemezie, LN; Kaul, S; Kosty, M; Levithan, N; O'Dwyer, P; Stewart, DJ, 1995)	0.56
" Mean terminal elimination half-life (t1/2), steady-state volume of distribution (Vss), and total systemic clearance (CL) values of etoposide were approximately 7 hours, 7 L/m2, and 17 mL/min/m2 after Etopophos and VePesid treatments, respectively."	( Pharmacokinetics and bioequivalence of etoposide following intravenous administration of etoposide phosphate and etoposide in patients with solid tumors. Bukowski, R; Fields, SZ; Gandara, D; Goss, G; Igwemezie, LN; Kaul, S; Kosty, M; Levithan, N; O'Dwyer, P; Stewart, DJ, 1995)	0.76
" Pharmacokinetic parameter estimates from day 1 were used to estimate steady-state etoposide systemic exposure in all children."	( Pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of 21-day continuous oral etoposide in pediatric patients with solid tumors. Luo, X; Mathew, P; Relling, MV; Ribeiro, RC; Sonnichsen, DS, 1995)	0.75
" The apparent terminal half-life of IDAol was significantly longer in the elderly than in the younger patients (mean half-life 59."	( Attenuated-dose idarubicin in acute myeloid leukaemia of the elderly: pharmacokinetic study and clinical results. Caporale, R; Cervi, L; Ciolli, S; Giuliani, G; Leoni, F; Pascarella, A; Rossi Ferrini, P; Salti, F, 1995)	0.29
"To determine the bioavailability (F) and the pharmacokinetic profile of both etoposide and its prodrug, etoposide phosphate, after oral and intravenous administration of etoposide phosphate, and to determine the maximum-tolerable dose (MTD) of oral etoposide phosphate administered daily for 5 consecutive days every 3 weeks."	( Phase I clinical and pharmacokinetic study of oral etoposide phosphate. Cavalli, F; Cerny, T; De Fusco, M; De Jong, J; Gentili, D; McDaniel, C; Pagani, O; Prins, C; Sessa, C; Zucchetti, M, 1995)	0.77
"In the F part of the study, patients were assessed for pharmacokinetic studies after one oral and one intravenous administration of the same dose of etoposide phosphate."	( Phase I clinical and pharmacokinetic study of oral etoposide phosphate. Cavalli, F; Cerny, T; De Fusco, M; De Jong, J; Gentili, D; McDaniel, C; Pagani, O; Prins, C; Sessa, C; Zucchetti, M, 1995)	0.74
" Plasma concentrations and pharmacokinetic parameters of etoposide following etoposide phosphate were comparable to those reported for etoposide."	( Phase I clinical and pharmacokinetic study of oral etoposide phosphate. Cavalli, F; Cerny, T; De Fusco, M; De Jong, J; Gentili, D; McDaniel, C; Pagani, O; Prins, C; Sessa, C; Zucchetti, M, 1995)	0.79
"The clinical and pharmacokinetic results of this study confirm the prodrug hypothesis of etoposide phosphate."	( Phase I clinical and pharmacokinetic study of oral etoposide phosphate. Cavalli, F; Cerny, T; De Fusco, M; De Jong, J; Gentili, D; McDaniel, C; Pagani, O; Prins, C; Sessa, C; Zucchetti, M, 1995)	0.76
" Etoposide pharmacokinetic parameters were estimated on three occasions in each patient: (1) 21 days after the first cisplatin dose (etoposide was given immediately after cyclophosphamide; cumulative cisplatin dose, 90 mg/m2), (2) 2 days after the third cisplatin dose (cumulative cisplatin dose, 270 mg/m2), and (3) 21 days after the final cisplatin dose (etoposide again immediately after cyclophosphamide; cumulative cisplatin dose, 360 mg/m2)."	( Etoposide pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics after acute and chronic exposure to cisplatin. Bowman, LC; McLeod, HL; Relling, MV; Santana, VM, 1994)	2.64
"In this study, we aimed to develop a population pharmacokinetic model for CPT-11 and to use the Bayesian method to estimate CPT-11 pharmacokinetic parameters in each of 43 patients who received combined therapy consisting of CPT-11 and etoposide."	( CPT-11: population pharmacokinetic model and estimation of pharmacokinetics using the Bayesian method in patients with lung cancer. Arioka, H; Eguchi, K; Karato, A; Nakashima, H; Ohe, Y; Oshita, F; Shinkai, T; Tamura, T; Uenaka, K; Yamamoto, N, 1994)	0.47
" Patient characteristics, drug dose, and pharmacokinetic parameters were examined as predictors of marrow engraftment as reflected by recovery of granulocytes and platelets."	( Altered etoposide pharmacokinetics and time to engraftment in pediatric patients undergoing autologous bone marrow transplantation. Madden, T; Murry, DJ; Rodman, JH; Santana, VM, 1994)	0.72
"The median values for clearance (Cl) and terminal half-life (T1/2 beta) of etoposide were 14."	( Altered etoposide pharmacokinetics and time to engraftment in pediatric patients undergoing autologous bone marrow transplantation. Madden, T; Murry, DJ; Rodman, JH; Santana, VM, 1994)	0.95
" We investigated a 6-h and a 34-h infusion of VP-16 to compare pharmacokinetic parameters and toxicity."	( Pharmacokinetics of high-dose VP-16: 6-hour infusion versus 34-hour infusion. Bewermeier, P; Hossfeld, DK; Krüger, W; Mross, K; Reifke, J; Stockschläder, M; Zander, A, 1994)	0.29
" A pharmacokinetic association between concentrations of etoposide and response and toxicity was found."	( A randomized trial of two etoposide schedules in small-cell lung cancer: the influence of pharmacokinetics on efficacy and toxicity. Clark, PI; Gregory, W; Joel, SP; Johnson, PW; Masud, T; Osborne, RJ; Reznek, R; Slevin, ML; Talbot, DI; Wrigley, PF, 1994)	0.83
" VP-16 concentrations were measured in all plasma samples by high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) and electrochemical detection, and the results were analyzed with a pharmacokinetic data analysis system."	( Pharmacokinetics of undiluted or diluted high-dose etoposide with or without busulfan administered to patients with hematologic malignancies. Bewermeier, P; Hossfeld, DK; Krüger, W; Mross, K; Stockschläder, M; Zander, A, 1994)	0.54
"All calculated pharmacokinetic parameters in the two patient groups (VP-16 administered diluted or undiluted) were similar."	( Pharmacokinetics of undiluted or diluted high-dose etoposide with or without busulfan administered to patients with hematologic malignancies. Bewermeier, P; Hossfeld, DK; Krüger, W; Mross, K; Stockschläder, M; Zander, A, 1994)	0.54
"The two administration modes for VP-16, either diluted or undiluted, are bioequivalent in pharmacokinetic terms."	( Pharmacokinetics of undiluted or diluted high-dose etoposide with or without busulfan administered to patients with hematologic malignancies. Bewermeier, P; Hossfeld, DK; Krüger, W; Mross, K; Stockschläder, M; Zander, A, 1994)	0.54
" formulation has focused on the identification of the maximum tolerated dose (MTD) and pharmacokinetic characteristics of the drug using a 5 daily dose schedule and a days 1, 3, and 5 schedule, with the drug being given over 30 or 5 (bolus) min."	( Clinical and pharmacokinetic overview of parenteral etoposide phosphate. Albert, E; Igwemezie, LN; Morgenthien, E; Randolph, J; Santabárbara, P; Schacter, LP; Seyedsadr, M, 1994)	0.54
" Pharmacodynamic studies of etoposide show that this toxicity can be modeled using a modified Hill equation and that the dose intensity of etoposide can be successfully increased by adaptive control using this model."	( Pharmacodynamics and long-term toxicity of etoposide. Kobayashi, K; Ratain, MJ, 1994)	0.85
" A number of reports have correlated haematological toxicity with pharmacokinetic and physiological parameters, which explains some of the variability in dynamic effects that exists between patients."	( Etoposide dosage and pharmacodynamics. Joel, SP; Shah, R; Slevin, ML, 1994)	1.73
"The objective of this work was to prospectively validate a pharmacodynamic model for 21-day oral etoposide."	( Predictive performance of a pharmacodynamic model for oral etoposide. Miller, AA; Tolley, EA, 1994)	0.75
" Plasma pharmacokinetic profiles were measured in selected patients to assess inter- and intrapatient variability in etoposide's oral bioavailability."	( Long-term oral etoposide in metastatic breast cancer: clinical and pharmacokinetic results. Calvert, AH; Cantwell, BM; Chapman, F; Charlton, C; Gumbrell, L; Lind, MJ; Millward, MM; Proctor, M; Robinson, A; Simmons, D, 1993)	0.85
" Pharmacokinetic studies were performed in all patients."	( Phase I clinical and pharmacokinetic study of a 14-day infusion of etoposide in patients with lung cancer. Ando, Y; Minami, H; Nomura, F; Saito, H; Saka, H; Sakai, S; Senda, K; Shimokata, K, 1993)	0.52
" We determined pharmacokinetic parameters during short-term infusion in 18 children aged between 10/12 and 17 years on different therapeutic schedules in order to investigate interpatient variability."	( [Pharmacokinetics of etoposide short-term infusions within the scope of the GPOH therapy protocol]. Boos, J; Jürgens, H; Pröbsting, B; Real, E; Schulze-Westhoff, P; Wolff, J, )	0.45
"This study was undertaken to investigate the pharmacodynamic relationship between etoposide drug levels on 21-day oral treatment courses and hematologic toxicities in patients with advanced non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC)."	( Pharmacodynamics of prolonged oral etoposide in patients with advanced non-small-cell lung cancer. Griffin, JP; Mauer, AM; Miller, AA; Niell, HB; Tolley, EA, 1993)	0.79
" Pharmacodynamic correlations for drug concentrations and hematologic toxicities were available for 27 patients and a total of 76 treatment courses, and correlations were significant for graded hematologic toxicity and nadir counts of leukocytes, neutrophils, hemoglobin, and platelets."	( Pharmacodynamics of prolonged oral etoposide in patients with advanced non-small-cell lung cancer. Griffin, JP; Mauer, AM; Miller, AA; Niell, HB; Tolley, EA, 1993)	0.56
" It is possible to predict nadir counts in the first course by a pharmacodynamic model."	( Pharmacodynamics of prolonged oral etoposide in patients with advanced non-small-cell lung cancer. Griffin, JP; Mauer, AM; Miller, AA; Niell, HB; Tolley, EA, 1993)	0.56
"To evaluate antitumour activity, toxicity, pharmacokinetics, and the pharmacodynamic relationship with neutropenia of chronic oral etoposide (E) in patients (pts) with small-cell lung cancer (SCLC) previously untreated with chemotherapy."	( Chronic oral etoposide in small-cell lung cancer: clinical and pharmacokinetic results. Alerci, M; Cavalli, F; D'Incalci, M; deJong, J; Gentili, D; Martinelli, G; Pagani, O; Sessa, C; Torri, V; Zucchetti, M, 1993)	0.86
" Pharmacokinetic studies were performed at the maximum tolerated dose (MTD)."	( A phase I and pharmacokinetic study of intraperitoneal carboplatin and etoposide. Alcaraz, J; Andrews, P; Braly, P; Goel, R; Gorelick, S; Hoff, S; Kim, S; Kirmani, S; McClay, EF; Plaxe, S, 1993)	0.52
"The pharmacokinetic parameters of etoposide were established in 35 patients receiving the drug parenterally within the framework of different polychemotherapy protocols."	( Pharmacokinetics of etoposide: correlation of pharmacokinetic parameters with clinical conditions. Fritsch, HW; Hahn, M; Havemann, K; Holz, JB; Jungclas, H; Köhl, P; Pflüger, KH; Schmidt, L, 1993)	0.89
" Our findings suggest that any of the three mathematical methods studied would produce similar etoposide AUC values and pharmacodynamic predictions."	( Effect of different mathematical methods on etoposide area under the curve estimations and pharmacodynamic response predictions. Lum, BL; McCauley, DL; Sikic, BI, 1996)	0.77
" Therapy with carboplatin and etoposide is possible in children and adults with renal failure who require dialysis, but in this situation pharmacokinetic monitoring is essential."	( Pharmacokinetically guided dosing of carboplatin and etoposide during peritoneal dialysis and haemodialysis. Boddy, A; English, MW; Lowis, SP; Newell, DR; Pearson, AD; Peng, B; Price, L, 1996)	0.83
" A phase I and pharmacokinetic study has been performed over the dose range 25-110 mg/m2/day for 5 days (etoposide equivalent doses)."	( Phase I and pharmacokinetic study of a water-soluble etoposide prodrug, etoposide phosphate (BMY-40481). Balmanno, K; Chapman, F; Charlton, CJ; Gumbrell, L; Igwemezie, LN; Lind, MJ; Millward, MJ; Mummaneni, V; Newell, DR; Proctor, M, 1995)	0.75
" The effect of interferon alfa-2b on etoposide-induced leukopenia was assessed indirectly by comparison of the observed white blood cell (WBC) nadir to the nadir predicted from an established pharmacodynamic model for single agent etoposide."	( Etoposide combined with interferon alfa-2b: novel exploitation of established etoposide pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics. Fleming, GF; Gray-Stern, W; Lestingi, TM; Mick, R; Ratain, MJ; Schilsky, RL; Vokes, EE, 1996)	2.01
" Patients treated with interferon alfa-2b before etoposide had, on average a WBC nadir 545 +/- 225 cells microliter lower than that predicted by a pharmacodynamic model for etoposide alone."	( Etoposide combined with interferon alfa-2b: novel exploitation of established etoposide pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics. Fleming, GF; Gray-Stern, W; Lestingi, TM; Mick, R; Ratain, MJ; Schilsky, RL; Vokes, EE, 1996)	1.99
" Exploitation of a previously validated pharmacodynamic model allowed evaluation of interferon alfa-2b effect and eliminated the need for an etoposide-alone control arm."	( Etoposide combined with interferon alfa-2b: novel exploitation of established etoposide pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics. Fleming, GF; Gray-Stern, W; Lestingi, TM; Mick, R; Ratain, MJ; Schilsky, RL; Vokes, EE, 1996)	1.94
" For pharmacokinetic studies of etoposide phosphate in this phase I study, 21 patients with solid tumors were treated with etoposide phosphate given as etoposide equivalents of 250, 500, 750, 1000 and 1200 mg/m2 infused over 2 h on days 1 and 2, and G-CSF 5 micrograms/kg per day starting on day 3 until WBC was > or = 10,000/microliters."	( Pharmacokinetic evaluation of high-dose etoposide phosphate after a 2-hour infusion in patients with solid tumors. Baer, J; Budman, DR; Fields, SZ; Hock, K; Ingram, R; Kreis, W; Schacter, LP; Vinciguerra, V, 1996)	0.85
"The pharmacokinetic parameters and maximal tolerated systemic exposure were determined for carboplatin in young children given in combination with cyclophosphamide and etoposide."	( Carboplatin pharmacokinetics in young children with brain tumors. Friedman, HS; Heideman, RL; Murry, DJ; Petros, WP; Rodman, JH; Tonda, ME, 1996)	0.49
" Carboplatin pharmacokinetic parameters were determined after course 1 and then after every third course of therapy."	( Carboplatin pharmacokinetics in young children with brain tumors. Friedman, HS; Heideman, RL; Murry, DJ; Petros, WP; Rodman, JH; Tonda, ME, 1996)	0.29
" We performed a phase I pharmacokinetic study in 27 patients."	( Phase I and pharmacokinetic study of etoposide phosphate. Alberts, DS; Barbhaiya, RH; Brooks, DJ; Igwemzie, LM; Kaul, S; McKinney, LM; Randolph, J; Schacter, L; Srinivas, NR; Thomas, T, 1995)	0.56
"A refined pharmacodynamic model for toxicity is necessary for successful adaptive control of the administration of an anticancer drug to avoid toxicity."	( Pharmacodynamic modeling of prolonged administration of etoposide. Ando, Y; Minami, H; Ratain, MJ; Shimokata, K, 1996)	0.54
" Both linear and nonlinear pharmacodynamic models were used to evaluate the relationship between hematologic toxicity and etoposide AUC and patient factors (age, gender, performance status, prior radiation therapy, prior chemotherapy, baseline albumin, bilirubin, alkaline phosphatase, creatinine, leukocyte count, granulocyte count)."	( A pharmacodynamic evaluation of hematologic toxicity observed with etoposide phosphate in the treatment of cancer patients. Barbhaiya, RH; Igwemezie, LN; Kaul, S; Srinivas, NR, 1996)	0.74
" The gender- and age-related differences observed in the pharmacokinetic parameters of etoposide were significant but generally of a small magnitude (< or = 13%), indicating no need for dose adjustment in these patient populations."	( Effects of gender, age, and race on the pharmacokinetics of etoposide after intravenous administration of etoposide phosphate in cancer patients. Barbhaiya, RH; Igwemezie, LN; Kaul, S; Mummaneni, V; Srinivas, NR, 1996)	0.76
" Resulting data were subjected to noncompartmental pharmacokinetic analysis."	( Bioequivalence assessment of etoposide phosphate and etoposide using pharmacodynamic and traditional pharmacokinetic parameters. Barbhaiya, RH; Calvert, AH; Igwemezie, LN; Kaul, S; Mummaneni, V; Newell, DR; Porter, D; Thomas, H; Winograd, B, 1996)	0.59
" The pharmacodynamic relationships observed suggest the possibility of pharmacologically based dosing of EP."	( Phase I and pharmacokinetic study of etoposide phosphate by protracted venous infusion in patients with advanced cancer. Creaven, PJ; Gunton, KE; Meropol, NJ; Noel, D; Pendyala, L; Schacter, LP; Soni, N, 1997)	0.57
"In this phase II and pharmacokinetic study, chronic, low-dose, oral etoposide was evaluated for its efficacy in patients with AIDS-related Kaposi's sarcoma who were not previously exposed to cytotoxic therapy."	( Clinical and pharmacokinetic study of oral etoposide in patients with AIDS-related Kaposi's sarcoma with no prior exposure to cytotoxic therapy. Di Leone, L; Gerhardt, L; Kalakun, L; Kromfield, M; Mans, DR; Prolla, G; Sander, E; Schwartsmann, G; Sprinz, E, 1997)	0.8
" The pharmacokinetic analyses revealed the achievement of potentially therapeutic and lowly myelosuppressive plasma etoposide concentrations (2."	( Clinical and pharmacokinetic study of oral etoposide in patients with AIDS-related Kaposi's sarcoma with no prior exposure to cytotoxic therapy. Di Leone, L; Gerhardt, L; Kalakun, L; Kromfield, M; Mans, DR; Prolla, G; Sander, E; Schwartsmann, G; Sprinz, E, 1997)	0.77
" Fifteen patients received two or more courses and were evaluable for pharmacokinetic comparisons."	( Randomized comparison of etoposide pharmacokinetics after oral etoposide phosphate and oral etoposide. de Jong, RS; de Vries, EG; Groen, HJ; Kaul, S; Mulder, NH; Uges, DR; van der Graaf, WT; Willemse, PH; Winograd, B, 1997)	0.6
" However, despite their proven value, pharmacokinetic studies sometimes appear as cumbersome and difficult procedures."	( [Bayesian estimation of pharmacokinetic parameters of etoposide]. Ardiet, CJ; Canal, P; Chatelut, E; Evene, E; Iliadis, A; Lochon, I; Tranchand, B, 1997)	0.55
"A population pharmacokinetics study using the NONMEM program was undertaken to determine the effects of different covariates on the pharmacokinetic parameters of etoposide."	( Population pharmacokinetics of total and unbound etoposide. Bachaud, JM; Bugat, R; Canal, P; Chatelut, E; Chevreau, C; Houin, G; Lochon, I; Nguyen, L; Pujol, A; Tranchand, B, 1998)	0.75
" Pharmacokinetic studies were performed on day 1 of the first course in 33 patients and repeated on day 14 in 13 patients (once-daily schedule only)."	( Clinical effects and pharmacokinetics of the fusion protein PIXY321 in children receiving myelosuppressive chemotherapy. Arnold, B; Furman, WL; Garrison, L; Hanna, R; Luo, X; Marina, N; Meyer, WH; Pratt, CB; Rodman, JH; Tonda, ME, 1998)	0.3
" The pharmacokinetic studies suggest that the observed lack of hematologic benefit may be explained by low plasma concentrations resulting from increased clearance with prolonged administration."	( Clinical effects and pharmacokinetics of the fusion protein PIXY321 in children receiving myelosuppressive chemotherapy. Arnold, B; Furman, WL; Garrison, L; Hanna, R; Luo, X; Marina, N; Meyer, WH; Pratt, CB; Rodman, JH; Tonda, ME, 1998)	0.3
"The tolerability, anti-tumour activity and pharmacokinetic interaction of high-dose intravenous cyclosporin combined with intravenous etoposide was evaluated in children."	( High-dose cyclosporin with etoposide--toxicity and pharmacokinetic interaction in children with solid tumours. Bisogno, G; Boddy, A; Cowie, F; Dick, G; Pinkerton, CR; Thomas, HD, 1998)	0.8
" Pharmacokinetic parameters were normalized to a dosage of 100 mg/m2."	( [Pharmacokinetic aspects of oral administration of etoposide]. Boos, J; Hempel, G; Jürgens, H; Krümpelmann, S; Schulze-Westhoff, P; Tillmann, B; Wagner, A; Würthwein, G, )	0.38
" Pharmacokinetic studies of oral etoposide were also done."	( Phase I and pharmacokinetic study of preirradiation chemotherapy with BCNU, cisplatin, etoposide, and accelerated radiation therapy in patients with high-grade glioma. Ames, MM; Bagniewski, PJ; Buckner, JC; Cascino, TL; Marks, RS; Rajkumar, SV; Reid, JM; Schomberg, PJ, 1998)	0.8
" In pharmacokinetic studies, all patients achieved plasma concentrations of >0."	( Phase I and pharmacokinetic study of preirradiation chemotherapy with BCNU, cisplatin, etoposide, and accelerated radiation therapy in patients with high-grade glioma. Ames, MM; Bagniewski, PJ; Buckner, JC; Cascino, TL; Marks, RS; Rajkumar, SV; Reid, JM; Schomberg, PJ, 1998)	0.52
"Based on these findings, we propose a pharmacodynamic construct that uses measurements of both pharmacokinetic (ECpss, Clsys) and pharmacodynamic (hematologic toxicity, tumor response) parameters for patients with etoposide-sensitive tumors."	( Pharmacodynamic profile of prolonged etoposide administration in patients with small cell lung cancer and non-Hodgkin's lymphoma. DeVore, RF; Higa, GM; Sarkar, MA, 1999)	0.76
" A number of studies have highlighted a correlation between hematologic toxicity and pharmacokinetic or physiological parameters."	( A limited-sampling strategy for estimation of etoposide pharmacokinetics in cancer patients. Amsellem, C; Ardiet, CJ; Canal, P; Chatelut, E; Freyer, G; Iliadis, A; Ligneau, B; Lochon, I; Tranchand, B; Trillet-Lenoir, V, 1999)	0.56
" VP-16 and CBDCA concentration were measured by HPLC, and the pharmacokinetic parameters of these drugs estimated in CSF and plasma."	( Pharmacokinetics of etoposide and carboplatin in cerebrospinal fluid and plasma during hyperosmotic disruption of the blood brain barrier and intraarterial combination chemotherapy. Abe, T; Hori, S; Kawashima, H; Mori, T; Morikawa, N; Takeyama, M, 1999)	0.63
" Pharmacokinetic parameters were calculated."	( Pharmacokinetics of etoposide after intrathoracic instillation to lung cancer patients with pleural effusion. Hirano, K; Honma, T; Mino, K; Nakabayashi, T; Saitoh, H; Takada, M; Takeda, T; Wada, I; Yokouchi, M, 1999)	0.63
" The intra-individual variation was much less, suggesting that dose adjustment based on pharmacokinetic data might be useful in the future."	( In vitro cytotoxic drug activity and in vivo pharmacokinetics in childhood acute myeloid leukemia. Frost, BM; Larsson, R; Liliemark, E; Lönnerholm, G; Nygren, P; Peterson, C, 1999)	0.3
" Limited pharmacokinetic sampling was used to derive a pharmacodynamic model predictive of myelosuppression early in the course of therapy."	( Treatment of poor-prognosis extensive disease small-cell lung cancer with an all-oral regimen of etoposide and cyclophosphamide - a Southwest Oncology Group clinical and pharmacokinetic study. Balcerzak, SP; Crowley, J; Gandara, DR; Giroux, D; Grunberg, SM; Hande, KR; Hynes, HE; Lau, DH; Munshi, N; Schroder, LE; Zangmeister, MH, 1999)	0.52
" Linear regression analysis was used to determine pharmacokinetic and demographic parameters predictive of myelosuppression."	( Treatment of poor-prognosis extensive disease small-cell lung cancer with an all-oral regimen of etoposide and cyclophosphamide - a Southwest Oncology Group clinical and pharmacokinetic study. Balcerzak, SP; Crowley, J; Gandara, DR; Giroux, D; Grunberg, SM; Hande, KR; Hynes, HE; Lau, DH; Munshi, N; Schroder, LE; Zangmeister, MH, 1999)	0.52
" The pharmacokinetic parameters of VP-16, such as area under curve (AUC), free AUC and protein binding, were determined from drug plasma concentrations at 1 and 4 h after VP-16 administration on the first day (day -1) and at the end of the chemotherapy cycle (day -21) for VP-16 alone and VP-16+TAM, respectively."	( Pharmacokinetic interaction between etoposide and tamoxifen in patients with hepatocellular carcinoma. Aita, P; Bearz, A; Boiocchi, M; Colussi, AM; Corona, G; Sartor, F; Sorio, R; Toffoli, G, 1999)	0.58
" The purpose of this study was to analyze further the relationship between the degree of leukopenia, and etoposide pharmacokinetic factors."	( Effect of high-dose cyclosporine on etoposide pharmacodynamics in a trial to reverse P-glycoprotein (MDR1 gene) mediated drug resistance. Brown, BW; Fisher, GA; Kaubisch, S; Lum, BL; Sikic, BI, 2000)	0.8
" However, the majority of the effect observed appears to be due to pharmacokinetic interactions, which result in increases in unbound etoposide."	( Effect of high-dose cyclosporine on etoposide pharmacodynamics in a trial to reverse P-glycoprotein (MDR1 gene) mediated drug resistance. Brown, BW; Fisher, GA; Kaubisch, S; Lum, BL; Sikic, BI, 2000)	0.79
"To determine the population pharmacokinetic (PK) parameters of doxorubicin (Dox), etoposide (Eto) and ifosfamide (Ifo) in small cell lung cancer (SCLC) patients, to assess the potential relationship between those parameters and to estimate the impact of individual morphological and biological covariates on patients' PK parameters."	( Population pharmacokinetics of doxorubicin, etoposide and ifosfamide in small cell lung cancer patients: results of a multicentre study. Ardiet, C; Boissel, JP; Court-Fortune, I; Freyer, G; Girard, P; Ligneau, B; Rebattu, P; Riou, R; Souquet, PJ; Tranchand, B; Trillet-Lenoir, V, 2000)	0.79
" Half-life (beta) was 58."	( Etoposide encapsulated in positively charged liposomes: pharmacokinetic studies in mice and formulation stability studies. Gupta, SK; Gupta, YK; Sengupta, S; Tyagi, P; Velpandian, T, 2000)	1.75
"The current practice for the dose calculation of most anticancer agents is based on body surface area in m2, although lower interpatient variation in pharmacokinetic parameters has been reported with pharmacokinetically guided administration."	( Pharmacokinetically guided administration of chemotherapeutic agents. Beijnen, JH; Mathôt, RA; Schellens, JH; van den Bongard, HJ, 2000)	0.31
" Our aim was to compare the pharmacokinetic effects of administering etoposide three times a day vs."	( Crossover clinical study comparing the pharmacokinetics of etoposide (75 mg) administered as 25-mg capsules three times a day versus once a day. Aydiner, A; Disci, R; Koyuncu, H; Tas, F; Topuz, E, 2000)	0.78
"The bioavailability and pharmacokinetic characteristics of etoposide were studied in 12 relapsed B-lineage acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) patients after both intravenous (i."	( Bioavailability and pharmacokinetic features of etoposide in childhood acute lymphoblastic leukemia patients. Chen, CL; Eddy, L; Rawwas, J; Sorrell, A; Uckun, FM, 2001)	0.81
" Haematological toxicity and tumour response were the main pharmacodynamic endpoints."	( Population pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of oral etoposide. Basso, B; Boiocchi, M; Colussi, AM; Corona, G; Robieux, I; Sorio, R; Toffoli, G, 2001)	0.56
"Exposure to free etoposide during prolonged oral treatment is highly variable and is the main determinant of pharmacodynamic effects."	( Population pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of oral etoposide. Basso, B; Boiocchi, M; Colussi, AM; Corona, G; Robieux, I; Sorio, R; Toffoli, G, 2001)	0.9
"In order to control busulfan pharmacokinetic variability and toxicity, a specific monitoring protocol was instituted in our bone marrow transplant BMT paediatric patients including a test dose, daily Bayesian forecasting of busulfan plasma levels, and Bayesian individualization of busulfan dosage regimens."	( Improved clinical outcome of paediatric bone marrow recipients using a test dose and Bayesian pharmacokinetic individualization of busulfan dosage regimens. Aulagner, G; Bertrand, Y; Bleyzac, N; Dai, Q; Galambrun, C; Janoly, A; Jelliffe, RW; Magron, P; Maire, P; Martin, P; Souillet, G, 2001)	0.31
"The interaction between etoposide and platinum drugs is small and, given the pharmacokinetic variability seen with etoposide, the clinical impact is unlikely to be significant."	( Randomized cross-over clinical trial to study potential pharmacokinetic interactions between cisplatin or carboplatin and etoposide. Bartelink, I; Boddy, AV; Calvert, AH; Cole, M; Elliott, S; Highley, M; Newell, DR; Nobbs, JR; Porter, DJ; Thomas, HD, 2002)	0.83
" The population analysis of the first part of data (112 samples/21 patients, well documented) served to establish the pharmacokinetic model."	( Population pharmacokinetics of high-dose etoposide in children receiving different conditioning regimens. Boos, J; Klingebiel, T; Kranz, K; Krümpelmann, S; Lanvers, C; Metz, M; Schwenker, K; Würthwein, G, 2002)	0.58
"A pharmacokinetic model for Eto based on individual pharmacokinetic data was used to simulate different LD (450 mg/m(2)) and HD (1800 mg/m(2)) schedules."	( Low dose--high dose: what is the right dose? Pharmacokinetic modeling of etoposide. Boos, J; Würthwein, G, 2002)	0.55
"According to evidence against schedule dependency, only target dose and pharmacokinetic variability would be appropriate rationales for Eto dosing."	( Low dose--high dose: what is the right dose? Pharmacokinetic modeling of etoposide. Boos, J; Würthwein, G, 2002)	0.55
"A phase II and pharmacokinetic study was designed to assess the efficacy and toxicity profile of an epidophyllotoxin analogue, GL331, in previously treated Chinese gastric cancer patients, with concurrent pharmacokinetic evaluation of the drug's metabolism."	( Phase II and pharmacokinetic study of GL331 in previously treated Chinese gastric cancer patients. Chang, JY; Chao, Y; Chen, JD; Chen, LT; Lan, C; Li, AF; Lin, WC; Liu, JM; Liu, TS; Shiah, HS; Whang-Peng, J; Wu, CW; Wu, HW, 2002)	0.31
" Since such treatment is relatively toxic, pharmacokinetic characteristics of total and ultrafiltered platinum, representing different species of platinum complexes formed, were investigated in 29 patients in relation to toxicity."	( Toxicity of high-dose carboplatin: ultrafiltered and not total plasma pharmacokinetics is of clinical relevance. Beyer, J; Jaehde, U; Kloft, C; Siegert, W, 2002)	0.31
"Seventeen children were enrolled, 13 of whom were included in the pharmacokinetic study, for a total of 64 courses."	( Clinical and pharmacokinetic study of fractionated doses of oral etoposide in pediatric patients with advanced malignancies. Brunetto, AL; Costa, TD; Di Leone, L; Gregianin, LJ; Santos, PP; Schwartsmann, G, 2002)	0.55
"We designed a pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic phase I study of sequential topotecan (2."	( A phase I and pharmacodynamic study of sequential topotecan and etoposide in patients with relapsed or refractory acute myelogenous and lymphoblastic leukemia. Berger, SJ; Cooper, BW; Donaher, E; Gerson, SL; Gosky, DM; Green, SB; Hoppel, CL; Ingalls, ST; Lazarus, HM; Li, X; Rosenthal, NS, 2003)	0.56
" A clear correlation between Cmax and AUC was also found."	( Pharmacokinetics of etoposide with intravenous drug administration in children and adolescents. Kato, Y; Nishimura, S; Sakura, N; Ueda, K, 2003)	0.64
"Of 48 patients with pharmacokinetic data, 42 (87."	( Pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of oral etoposide in children with relapsed or refractory acute lymphoblastic leukemia. Boyett, JM; Edick, MJ; Gajjar, A; Harrison, PL; Mahmoud, HH; Panetta, JC; Pui, CH; Relling, MV; Ribeiro, RC; Rivera, GK; Sandlund, JT; van de Poll, ME, 2003)	0.58
"A pharmacodynamic relationship exists between systemic etoposide exposure and response to therapy when oral etoposide is used as part of remission induction regimens for relapsed or refractory childhood ALL."	( Pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of oral etoposide in children with relapsed or refractory acute lymphoblastic leukemia. Boyett, JM; Edick, MJ; Gajjar, A; Harrison, PL; Mahmoud, HH; Panetta, JC; Pui, CH; Relling, MV; Ribeiro, RC; Rivera, GK; Sandlund, JT; van de Poll, ME, 2003)	0.82
" The timing of the drug sequence was based on the prior Phase I pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic studies of camptothecin and etoposide, and the level of the TOP targets in peripheral blood monocytes."	( Sequencing topotecan and etoposide plus cisplatin to overcome topoisomerase I and II resistance: a pharmacodynamically based Phase I trial. Aisner, J; Beers, S; Locsin, S; Musanti, R; Rubin, EH; Smith, S, 2003)	0.83
"The peak plasma levels (C(max)), terminal elimination half-life (t(1/2)) and area under the concentration curve (AUC) both for IDA and for ETO did not differ from published data."	( Increased myelotoxicity of idarubicin: is there a pharmacological basis? Results of a pharmacokinetic and an in vitro cytotoxicity study. Bornhäuser, M; Ehninger, G; Illmer, T; Kroschinsky, F; Renner, U; Schaich, M; Schimmelpfennig, C; Schimming, C; Schleyer, E; Trümper, L, 2004)	0.32
" Pharmacokinetic adjustment to specific plasma concentrations may make it possible to define a therapeutic plasma concentration and relate drug target expression in the tumor to response."	( Pharmacokinetic study of cisplatin and infusional etoposide phosphate in advanced breast cancer with correlation of response to topoisomerase IIalpha expression. Braybrooke, JP; Davis, T; Harris, AL; Joel, S; Levitt, NC; Madhusudan, S; Talbot, DC; Turley, H; Wilner, S, 2003)	0.57
" Targeting plasma etoposide concentration reduced interpatient pharmacokinetic variability (32% and 62% of patients, respectively, within 10% of target concentration on days 2 and 4; cycle 1)."	( Pharmacokinetic study of cisplatin and infusional etoposide phosphate in advanced breast cancer with correlation of response to topoisomerase IIalpha expression. Braybrooke, JP; Davis, T; Harris, AL; Joel, S; Levitt, NC; Madhusudan, S; Talbot, DC; Turley, H; Wilner, S, 2003)	0.91
"The aim of this study was to use pharmacokinetic analysis to investigate the efficacy and toxicity of combined chemotherapy with carboplatin (CBDCA) and etoposide (ETP) in small-cell lung cancer (SCLC) patients with chronic renal failure undergoing hemodialysis (HD)."	( Pharmacokinetic analysis of combination chemotherapy with carboplatin and etoposide in small-cell lung cancer patients undergoing hemodialysis. Gomi, K; Inoue, A; Kikuchi, T; Maemondo, M; Miki, M; Nukiwa, T; Saijo, Y; Sato, T; Suzuki, T, 2004)	0.75
" The pharmacokinetic analysis of CBDCA and ETP was planned for at least the first two courses of the chemotherapy in each patient."	( Pharmacokinetic analysis of combination chemotherapy with carboplatin and etoposide in small-cell lung cancer patients undergoing hemodialysis. Gomi, K; Inoue, A; Kikuchi, T; Maemondo, M; Miki, M; Nukiwa, T; Saijo, Y; Sato, T; Suzuki, T, 2004)	0.55
" Nevertheless, the efficacy of oral etoposide therapy is contingent on circumventing pharmacokinetic limitations, mainly low and variable bioavailability."	( Pharmacokinetic optimisation of treatment with oral etoposide. Basso, B; Boiocchi, M; Corona, G; Toffoli, G, 2004)	0.85
"To report a pharmacokinetic interaction between valproic acid (VPA) and anticancer agents observed in an epileptic patient."	( Pharmacokinetic interaction on valproic acid and recurrence of epileptic seizures during chemotherapy in an epileptic patient. Ikeda, H; Kihira, K; Murakami, T; Takano, M; Usui, T, 2005)	0.33
" Plasma concentrations of BAY and VP-16 were measured to investigate pharmacokinetic interactions."	( A phase I and pharmacokinetic study of the selective, non-peptidic inhibitor of matrix metalloproteinase BAY 12-9566 in combination with etoposide and carboplatin. Alberts, SR; Erlichman, C; Furth, A; Lathia, CD; Molina, JR; Reid, JM; Safgren, SL; Sloan, JA, 2005)	0.53
"Encapsulation of etoposide in PEG-coated PE produced improved pharmacokinetic profile than that of EPE and ETP."	( Pharmacokinetics and tissue distribution of etoposide delivered in long circulating parenteral emulsion. Reddy, PR; Venkateswarlu, V, 2005)	0.93
" Endpoints included pharmacokinetic analyses of 9-NC and etoposide, and treatment-induced modulations of topo I and II expression in peripheral blood mononuclear cells."	( Sequential oral 9-nitrocamptothecin and etoposide: a pharmacodynamic- and pharmacokinetic-based phase I trial. Antonia, S; Cantor, A; Fishman, M; Garrett, C; Gump, J; Lush, RM; Munster, PN; Rocha-Lima, C; Simon, GR; Sullivan, DM; Tetteh, L; Williams, C, 2006)	0.85
" The aim of this study was to evaluate qualitatively and quantitatively the influence of patient-specific characteristics on the neutrophil concentration-time course, to identify patient subgroups, and to compare covariates on system-related pharmacodynamic variable between drugs."	( Population pharmacokinetic-pharmacodynamic model for neutropenia with patient subgroup identification: comparison across anticancer drugs. Chatelut, E; Henningsson, A; Karlsson, MO; Kloft, C; Wallin, J, 2006)	0.33
", age) had minor (clinically irrelevant) influences but consistently shifted the pharmacodynamic variable in the same direction."	( Population pharmacokinetic-pharmacodynamic model for neutropenia with patient subgroup identification: comparison across anticancer drugs. Chatelut, E; Henningsson, A; Karlsson, MO; Kloft, C; Wallin, J, 2006)	0.33
" High interpatient pharmacokinetic variability has been associated with oral etoposide administration."	( Pharmacokinetic modulation of oral etoposide by ketoconazole in patients with advanced cancer. Desai, AA; Fleming, GF; House, L; Innocenti, F; Kobayashi, K; Ramirez, J; Ratain, MJ; Schilsky, RL; Shepard, D; Vogelzang, NJ; Yong, WP, 2007)	0.85
" Pharmacokinetic samples were obtained during the first treatment cycle after the administration of an oral etoposide and ketoconazole dose."	( Pharmacokinetic modulation of oral etoposide by ketoconazole in patients with advanced cancer. Desai, AA; Fleming, GF; House, L; Innocenti, F; Kobayashi, K; Ramirez, J; Ratain, MJ; Schilsky, RL; Shepard, D; Vogelzang, NJ; Yong, WP, 2007)	0.83
"Ketoconazole reduces the apparent clearance of oral etoposide, does not alter its toxicity profile and does not reduce interpatient pharmacokinetic variability."	( Pharmacokinetic modulation of oral etoposide by ketoconazole in patients with advanced cancer. Desai, AA; Fleming, GF; House, L; Innocenti, F; Kobayashi, K; Ramirez, J; Ratain, MJ; Schilsky, RL; Shepard, D; Vogelzang, NJ; Yong, WP, 2007)	0.87
" The pharmacokinetic parameters of etoposide intravenously administered were not significantly different from other groups, suggesting that CYP 3A-mediated metabolism and the P-gp mediated efflux of etoposide in the liver and kidney seemed not to be markedly inhibited by orally administered morin."	( Effects of morin on the pharmacokinetics of etoposide in rats. Choi, JS; Li, X; Yun, JK, 2007)	0.88
"Three plasma samples and a 24-hour urine collection for day 1 of the first three cycles of chemotherapy were analysed in 30 patients, and the pharmacokinetic parameters of the respective drugs were estimated by population pharmacokinetic methods (nonlinear mixed-effects model [NONMEM] software)."	( Population pharmacokinetics of the BEACOPP polychemotherapy regimen in Hodgkin's lymphoma and its effect on myelotoxicity. Busse, D; Diehl, V; Engert, A; Fuhr, U; Hempel, G; Jaehde, U; Jetter, A; Josting, A; Kasel, D; Klimm, B; Merkel, U; Reif, S; Rietbrock, S; Schwab, M; Wilde, S, 2007)	0.34
"The pharmacokinetic parameters and respective covariates were similar to the published data."	( Population pharmacokinetics of the BEACOPP polychemotherapy regimen in Hodgkin's lymphoma and its effect on myelotoxicity. Busse, D; Diehl, V; Engert, A; Fuhr, U; Hempel, G; Jaehde, U; Jetter, A; Josting, A; Kasel, D; Klimm, B; Merkel, U; Reif, S; Rietbrock, S; Schwab, M; Wilde, S, 2007)	0.34
"We investigated the pharmacokinetic equivalency of oral and intravenous etoposide in ten patients (male, n=7; female, n=3; median age 56 years) with aggressive lymphomas."	( Pharmacokinetic comparison of oral and intravenous etoposide in patients treated with the CHOEP-regimen for malignant lymphomas. Ehninger, G; Friedrichsen, K; Haenel, M; Kroschinsky, FP; Mueller, J; Prondzinsky, R; Pursche, S; Schleyer, E, 2008)	0.83
" Plasma clearance of doxorubicin as well as plasma clearance and elimination rate of etoposide for this patient was comparable to pharmacokinetic data from nonobese pediatric patients."	( Pharmacokinetics of doxorubicin and etoposide in a morbidly obese pediatric patient. Eksborg, S; Karlén, J; Nygren, H; Ritzmo, C; Söderhäll, S, 2007)	0.84
"From 2002 to 2007, a total of 10 consecutive patients with Stage IVA HCC accompanied by PVTT were studied prospectively to examine the efficacy of treatment by intra-arterial infusion of a chemotherapeutic agents consisting of etoposide, carboplatin, epirubicin and pharmacokinetic modulating chemotherapy by 5-FU and enteric-coated tegafur/uracil."	( Improved survival for hepatocellular carcinoma with portal vein tumor thrombosis treated by intra-arterial chemotherapy combining etoposide, carboplatin, epirubicin and pharmacokinetic modulating chemotherapy by 5-FU and enteric-coated tegafur/uracil: a p Imai, M; Ishikawa, T; Kamimura, H; Kamimura, T; Ohta, H; Seki, K; Togashi, T; Tsuchiya, A; Watanabe, K; Yoshida, T, 2007)	0.73
" pharmacokinetic data on 670 drugs representing, to our knowledge, the largest publicly available set of human clinical pharmacokinetic data."	( Trend analysis of a database of intravenous pharmacokinetic parameters in humans for 670 drug compounds. Lombardo, F; Obach, RS; Waters, NJ, 2008)	0.35
"To investigate the prognostic value of systemic exposure to etoposide (Area Under the concentration Curve (AUC(VP16))) on overall survival (OS) in patients with small cell lung cancer (SCLC)."	( Etoposide pharmacokinetics and survival in patients with small cell lung cancer: a multicentre study. Chabaud, S; Court-Fortune, I; Falandry, C; Fournel, C; Freyer, G; Girard, P; Ribba, B; Souquet, PJ; Tod, M; Tranchand, B; Trillet-Lenoir, V; You, B, 2008)	2.03
" Pharmacokinetic analysis was carried out using a non-linear mixed effects modelling approach."	( Pharmacokinetics of carboplatin and etoposide in infant neuroblastoma patients. Boddy, AV; Cole, M; Ellershaw, C; Errington, J; Gerrard, M; Pearson, AD; Veal, GJ; Whyman, G, 2010)	0.64
" Etoposide pharmacokinetic data support previous findings that question the utility of modified dosing in infants."	( Pharmacokinetics of carboplatin and etoposide in infant neuroblastoma patients. Boddy, AV; Cole, M; Ellershaw, C; Errington, J; Gerrard, M; Pearson, AD; Veal, GJ; Whyman, G, 2010)	1.55
"To determine the pharmacokinetic (PK) profile of manganese (Mn) after a 2-hour intravenous infusion of mangafodipir at 5 micromol/kg body weight and to correlate Mn concentrations with oxidative stress, early decrease in serum total bilirubin concentration, and prothrombin time (PT) in chronic alcoholic patients with acute alcoholic hepatitis."	( Pharmacokinetic-pharmacodynamic modeling of manganese after a single intravenous infusion of mangafodipir in patients with acute alcoholic hepatitis. Batteux, F; Debray, M; Hirt, D; Laurent, A; Pavlovic, S; Poupon, J; Richardet, JP; Sogni, P; Treluyer, JM; Urien, S; Weill, B, 2009)	0.35
" The pharmacokinetic profiles were biphasic and similar in the initial phase (C(max), Vd, and t(1/2alpha))."	( Pharmacokinetics and tissue distribution of liposomal etoposide in rats. Kobrinsky, NL; Kumar, K; Sistla, A; Smith, DJ, 2009)	0.6
"Despite the extensive use of etoposide for the treatment of different malignant neoplasms, its main pharmacokinetic determinants are not completely defined."	( P-glycoprotein (P-gp/Abcb1), Abcc2, and Abcc3 determine the pharmacokinetics of etoposide. Beijnen, JH; Fan, L; Lagas, JS; Schinkel, AH; van Tellingen, O; Vlaming, ML; Wagenaar, E, 2010)	0.88
" The pharmacokinetic comparability of Prolastin-C to Prolastin was assessed in subjects with AAT deficiency."	( Pharmacokinetic comparability of Prolastin®-C to Prolastin® in alpha₁-antitrypsin deficiency: a randomized study. Brantly, ML; Campos, MA; Chapman, KR; Kueppers, F; Sandhaus, RA; Stocks, JM; Strange, C; Turino, G; Wang-Smith, L, 2010)	0.36
" Pharmacokinetic plasma samples were drawn over 7 days following last dose in the first treatment period and over 10 days following the last dose in the second period."	( Pharmacokinetic comparability of Prolastin®-C to Prolastin® in alpha₁-antitrypsin deficiency: a randomized study. Brantly, ML; Campos, MA; Chapman, KR; Kueppers, F; Sandhaus, RA; Stocks, JM; Strange, C; Turino, G; Wang-Smith, L, 2010)	0.36
"09, demonstrating pharmacokinetic equivalence between the 2 products."	( Pharmacokinetic comparability of Prolastin®-C to Prolastin® in alpha₁-antitrypsin deficiency: a randomized study. Brantly, ML; Campos, MA; Chapman, KR; Kueppers, F; Sandhaus, RA; Stocks, JM; Strange, C; Turino, G; Wang-Smith, L, 2010)	0.36
"Prolastin-C demonstrated pharmacokinetic equivalence and a comparable safety profile to Prolastin."	( Pharmacokinetic comparability of Prolastin®-C to Prolastin® in alpha₁-antitrypsin deficiency: a randomized study. Brantly, ML; Campos, MA; Chapman, KR; Kueppers, F; Sandhaus, RA; Stocks, JM; Strange, C; Turino, G; Wang-Smith, L, 2010)	0.36
" The pharmacokinetic study in vivo was determined by the UPLC/MS/MS system."	( A lyophilized etoposide submicron emulsion with a high drug loading for intravenous injection: preparation, evaluation, and pharmacokinetics in rats. Chen, H; He, H; Shi, S; Tang, X; Zhang, L; Zhao, M, 2010)	0.72
" The main pharmacokinetic parameters exhibited no significant differences between LEPE and etoposide commercial solution except for area under the concentration-time curve and clearance."	( A lyophilized etoposide submicron emulsion with a high drug loading for intravenous injection: preparation, evaluation, and pharmacokinetics in rats. Chen, H; He, H; Shi, S; Tang, X; Zhang, L; Zhao, M, 2010)	0.94
"To evaluate the ability of a physiology-based pharmacokinetic (PBPK) model to predict the systemic drug exposure of high- and low-dose etoposide in children from a model developed with adult data."	( Physiologically based pharmacokinetic modelling of high- and low-dose etoposide: from adults to children. Boos, J; Hempel, G; Kersting, G; Lippert, J; Willmann, S; Würthwein, G, 2012)	0.82
" This approach could be useful for planning pharmacokinetic studies in children."	( Physiologically based pharmacokinetic modelling of high- and low-dose etoposide: from adults to children. Boos, J; Hempel, G; Kersting, G; Lippert, J; Willmann, S; Würthwein, G, 2012)	0.61
" Topotecan pharmacokinetic analyses were carried out, and topoisomerase I levels and activity were measured."	( Phase I Study of Topotecan, Ifosfamide, and Etoposide (TIME) with autologous stem cell transplant in refractory cancer: pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic correlates. Dawson, JL; Field, TL; Fields, KK; Goldstein, SC; Kim, J; Lush, RM; Maddox, BL; Neuger, AM; Partyka, JS; Perkins, JB; Simonelli, CE; Sullivan, DM, 2011)	0.63
" Pharmacokinetic monitoring may be a valuable tool for optimizing the use of topotecan and to avoid toxicity seen with high-systemic exposures."	( Phase I Study of Topotecan, Ifosfamide, and Etoposide (TIME) with autologous stem cell transplant in refractory cancer: pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic correlates. Dawson, JL; Field, TL; Fields, KK; Goldstein, SC; Kim, J; Lush, RM; Maddox, BL; Neuger, AM; Partyka, JS; Perkins, JB; Simonelli, CE; Sullivan, DM, 2011)	0.63
" We show the feasibility of real-time, direct pharmacodynamic monitoring by flow cytometry during clinical trials combining intensive chemotherapy and signal transduction inhibitors."	( Single-cell pharmacodynamic monitoring of S6 ribosomal protein phosphorylation in AML blasts during a clinical trial combining the mTOR inhibitor sirolimus and intensive chemotherapy. Carroll, M; Kasner, MT; Luger, SM; Perl, AE; Shank, D, 2012)	0.38
"The clinical advantage of pharmacokinetic (PK)-directed-based dosing on intravenous (i."	( Pharmacokinetic-directed high-dose busulfan combined with cyclophosphamide and etoposide results in predictable drug levels and durable long-term survival in lymphoma patients undergoing autologous stem cell transplantation. Ali, Z; Dada, MO; Flowers, CR; Graiser, M; Hutcherson, DA; McMillan, S; Waller, EK; Zhang, H, 2012)	0.61
" Pharmacokinetic parameters of etoposide and production of anti-PEG IgM antibody were evaluated."	( Accelerated blood clearance of PEGylated PLGA nanoparticles following repeated injections: effects of polymer dose, PEG coating, and encapsulated anticancer drug. Abbasian, Z; Dadashzadeh, S; Saadati, R; Soleimanjahi, H, 2013)	0.68
"A simple HPLC with fluorescence detection method was developed for determination and pharmacokinetic study of Etoposide in dog plasma."	( Fluorescence detection of etoposide-loaded nanoparticles by HPLC and pharmacokinetics study. Liu, L; Xu, X; Yang, HZ, 2012)	0.89
" Similar pharmacokinetic behavior in beagle dogs was obtained and the AUC 0 - 12h values were 1196."	( A stable and practical etoposide-containing intravenous long-/medium-chain triglycerides-based lipid emulsion formulation: pharmacokinetics, biodistribution, toxicity, and antitumor efficacy. Cai, C; Dong, W; Fan, D; Niu, Y; Tang, X; Wu, X; Zhang, L, 2013)	0.7
" The pharmacokinetic effect of morphine on plasma etoposide concentration after the oral concomitant use of etoposide and morphine in rats was assessed using a population analysis approach."	( Pharmacokinetic assessment of absorptive interaction of oral etoposide and morphine in rats. Iwanaga, K; Kakemi, M; Minamida, M; Miyazaki, M; Nishimura, C, 2014)	0.9
" These doses were used to estimate the individual pharmacokinetic parameters by the Bayesian method using a linear 2-compartment model with a first-order kinetic absorption and the population parameters reported in our previous study."	( Pharmacokinetics and toxicity of repeated oral etoposide is altered by morphine coadministration in rats. Iwanaga, K; Kakemi, M; Kawase, T; Kitamura, T; Miyazaki, M; Nishimura, C, 2015)	0.67
" To this end, we analyze previously published mathematical models of neutropenia to identify a pharmacokinetic (PK) predictor of the neutrophil nadir, and confirm this PK predictor in an in vivo experimental system."	( Dose schedule optimization and the pharmacokinetic driver of neutropenia. Chakravarty, A; Mettetal, JT; Palani, S; Patel, M; Shyu, WC; Yang, J, 2014)	0.4
" Compound 3b, chosen among the synthesized compounds as the most promising in terms of inhibitory activity, selectivity and safety, showed an improved pharmacokinetic profile compared to its non fluorinated analogue."	( Synthesis, biological activities and pharmacokinetic properties of new fluorinated derivatives of selective PDE4D inhibitors. Barocelli, E; Bertoni, S; Brullo, C; Bruno, O; Fedele, E; Flammini, L; Massa, M; Pronzato, MA; Ricciarelli, R; Rivera, D; Villa, C, 2015)	0.42
"Relationships between pharmacokinetic (PK) parameters of etoposide and toxicity survivals were reported in cancer patients treated at standard doses."	( Etoposide pharmacokinetics impact the outcomes of lymphoma patients treated with BEAM regimen and ASCT: a multicenter study of the LYmphoma Study Association (LYSA). Bachy, E; Casasnovas, O; Freyer, G; Guitton, J; Hénin, E; Ribrag, V; Salles, G; Sebban, C; Tilly, H; Tod, M; You, B, 2015)	2.1
" Much attention has focussed on pharmacokinetic interactions attributable to effects on hepatic microsomal enzymes, but not on competition for the renal organic anion transport system."	( The pharmacokinetics of high-dose methotrexate in people living with HIV on antiretroviral therapy. Bendle, M; Boffito, M; Bower, M; Dalla Pria, A; Ramaswami, R, 2016)	0.43
" MTX elimination half-life was correlated with age, renal function and antiretroviral regimen."	( The pharmacokinetics of high-dose methotrexate in people living with HIV on antiretroviral therapy. Bendle, M; Boffito, M; Bower, M; Dalla Pria, A; Ramaswami, R, 2016)	0.43
" The median MTX elimination half-life was 21."	( The pharmacokinetics of high-dose methotrexate in people living with HIV on antiretroviral therapy. Bendle, M; Boffito, M; Bower, M; Dalla Pria, A; Ramaswami, R, 2016)	0.43
"Although there is potential competition for active renal tubular transporters between MTX and tenofovir, no prolongation of MTX half-life was observed."	( The pharmacokinetics of high-dose methotrexate in people living with HIV on antiretroviral therapy. Bendle, M; Boffito, M; Bower, M; Dalla Pria, A; Ramaswami, R, 2016)	0.43
" A phase I dose-escalation study of palifermin in pediatric patients with acute leukemias undergoing myeloablative HSCT with total body irradiation, etoposide, and cyclophosphamide was performed to determine a safe and tolerable dose and to characterize the pharmacokinetic (PK) profile and efficacy of palifermin."	( Safety, Pharmacokinetics, and Efficacy of Palifermin in Children and Adolescents with Acute Leukemias Undergoing Myeloablative Therapy and Allogeneic Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation: A Pediatric Blood and Marrow Transplant Consortium Trial. Aquino, V; Duerst, R; Graham, M; Moore, T; Morris, C; Morris, J; Neudorf, S; Olsson, B; Rudebeck, M; Shah, AJ, 2016)	0.63
"This study aimed to determine free etoposide (ETO) concentrations in two regions of Walker-256 (W256) solid tumor using microdialysis and to establish a population pharmacokinetic (popPK) model to describe simultaneously free tumor and total plasma concentrations."	( Population Pharmacokinetic Modeling of Etoposide Free Concentrations in Solid Tumor. Dalla Costa, T; de Araujo, BV; Magni, P; Pigatto, MC; Schmidt, S; Torres, BG, 2016)	0.98
" In order to merge the available data and offer researchers and clinicians a global view of this phenomenon, the present manuscript reviews on a drug-by-drug basis the undernutrition-related pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic aspects of anticancer treatments."	( Impact of Undernutrition on the Pharmacokinetics and Pharmacodynamics of Anticancer Drugs: A Literature Review. Guglieri-López, B; Merino, V; Merino-Sanjuán, M; Nacher, A; Pérez-Pitarch, A, )	0.13
"An open-label, phase I dose-escalation trial was performed in adult patients with various solid cancers to identify the maximum tolerated dose (MTD), to assess the safety, pharmacokinetic profile and anti-tumour activity of the new prodrug CAP7."	( First-in-man dose escalation and pharmacokinetic study of CAP7.1, a novel prodrug of etoposide, in adults with refractory solid tumours. Keilholz, U; Klinghammer, K; Knoedler, M; Kümmerlen, V; Lassus, M; Machacek, M; Mehlitz, P; Rohde, L; Schmittel, A; Steventon, G; Treasure, P; Utku, N, 2017)	0.68
"Using pharmacokinetic parameters obtained from 385 drug administrations in 352 children aged from 1 month to 18 years, treated with five drugs (dactinomycin, busulfan, carboplatin, cyclophosphamide and etoposide), individual exposures (area under the plasma drug concentration versus time curve; AUC) obtained using doses rounded according to the published NHSE tables were calculated and compared with those obtained by standard dose calculation methods."	( Investigating the potential impact of dose banding for systemic anti-cancer therapy in the paediatric setting based on pharmacokinetic evidence. Boddy, AV; Chatelut, E; Osborne, C; Paci, A; Veal, GJ; White-Koning, M, 2018)	0.67
"Based on pharmacokinetic data for these five drugs, the results generated support the implementation of NHSE dose-banding tables."	( Investigating the potential impact of dose banding for systemic anti-cancer therapy in the paediatric setting based on pharmacokinetic evidence. Boddy, AV; Chatelut, E; Osborne, C; Paci, A; Veal, GJ; White-Koning, M, 2018)	0.48
" A population pharmacokinetic model was built for carboplatin to evaluate various dosing formulas."	( Population pharmacokinetics of carboplatin, etoposide and melphalan in children: a re-evaluation of paediatric dosing formulas for carboplatin in patients with normal or mild impairment of renal function. Boddy, AV; Duong, JK; Errington, J; Ladenstein, R; Nath, CE; Shaw, PJ; Veal, GJ, 2019)	0.78
"Allometric weight was the only significant, independent covariate for the pharmacokinetic parameters of carboplatin, etoposide and melphalan."	( Population pharmacokinetics of carboplatin, etoposide and melphalan in children: a re-evaluation of paediatric dosing formulas for carboplatin in patients with normal or mild impairment of renal function. Boddy, AV; Duong, JK; Errington, J; Ladenstein, R; Nath, CE; Shaw, PJ; Veal, GJ, 2019)	0.98
"GFR did not appear to influence the pharmacokinetics of carboplatin after adjusting pharmacokinetic parameters for weight."	( Population pharmacokinetics of carboplatin, etoposide and melphalan in children: a re-evaluation of paediatric dosing formulas for carboplatin in patients with normal or mild impairment of renal function. Boddy, AV; Duong, JK; Errington, J; Ladenstein, R; Nath, CE; Shaw, PJ; Veal, GJ, 2019)	0.78
" Further the pharmacokinetic study of optimized formulation after intravitreal administration was evaluated in Wister rats."	( Optimization by design of etoposide loaded solid lipid nanoparticles for ocular delivery: Characterization, pharmacokinetic and deposition study. Ahmad, I; Aqil, M; Hazari, PP; Mishra, AK; Pandit, J; Sultana, Y, 2019)	0.81
" Furthermore, clearance, volume of distribution, and half-life were decreased by ~ 37, 53, and 24%, respectively, in malnourished animals."	( Effect of Moderate Malnutrition on the Pharmacokinetics of Etoposide and Vincristine in Freshly Weaned Rats. Gandhi, K; Garg, M; Gota, V; Gurjar, M; Jadhav, SM, 2023)	1.15

Compound-Compound Interactions

This study examined safety, pharmacokinetics, and efficacy of veliparib, a PARP inhibitor, combined with carboplatin and etoposide in patients with extensive-stage (ED) small cell lung cancer (SCLC) Thirty-nine patients were enrolled to determine the recommended phase II dose.

Excerpt	Reference	Relevance
" It was given in combination with cyclophosphamide or adriamycin."	( [Experiences with VP-16 in combination with cyclophosphamide or adriamycin in the anaplastic, predominantly small cell bronchogenic carcinoma]. Jungi, WF; Mayr, AC; Schmieder, HA; Senn, HJ, 1979)	0.26
" These results suggest that high-dose etoposide combined with a standard dose of cisplatin is effective against refractory lung cancer."	( [Pilot phase II trial of high-dose etoposide combined with cisplatin in the treatment of refractory lung cancer]. Fujita, J; Fujita, T; Irino, S; Kubo, A; Morikawa, N; Shiotani, T; Takahara, J; Takigawa, K; Yamagishi, Y; Yamaji, Y, 1992)	0.83
"The anticancer effect of a podophyllotoxin derivative, etoposide (ETOP), and the vinca alkaloids, vincristine (VCR) and vindesine (VDS), on the colony forming efficiency (CFE) of B16 melanoma cells, and the CFE inhibition by the combination with a biscoclaurine alkaloid, Cepharanthine (Ceph) were studied in vitro."	( [Enhancement of the effects of anticancer agents on B16 melanoma cells by combination with cepharanthine--I. Alkaloids]. Kubota, K; Kubota, R; Yamada, S, 1992)	0.53
"Cyclosporin (CsA) is a potent modulator of multidrug resistance (MDR) and has been combined with etoposide (VP-16) to purge MDR leukemic cells from human bone marrow (BM) in vitro."	( Use of etoposide in combination with cyclosporin for purging multidrug-resistant leukemic cells from bone marrow in a mouse model. Blume, KG; Chao, NJ; Kühl, JS; Sikic, BI, 1992)	0.96
"Nine patients with osteosarcoma were treated by chemotherapy combined with caffeine and surgery."	( Effect of chemotherapy combined with caffeine for osteosarcoma. Baba, H; Tomita, K; Tsuchiya, H; Ueda, Y; Yasutake, H; Yokogawa, A, 1992)	0.28
"From July 1986 to 1990, 65 patients with deep-seated, advanced sarcomas (43 soft-tissue sarcomas, 12 Ewing's sarcomas, 7 chondrosarcomas and 3 osteosarcomas) were entered in a protocol involving regional hyperthermia (RHT) combined with systemic ifosfamide and etoposide."	( Improvement of local control by regional hyperthermia combined with systemic chemotherapy (ifosfamide plus etoposide) in advanced sarcomas: updated report on 65 patients. Denzlinger, C; Gerl, A; Issels, RD; Mittermüller, J; Ortmaier, A; Sauer, H; Simon, W; Wilmanns, W, 1991)	0.67
"One hundred eighteen children with metastatic (Childrens Cancer Study Group [CCSG] stage IV), extensive regional (stage III), or stage II neuroblastoma with N-myc amplification received an intensive chemotherapeutic regimen of cis-platinum, etoposide, doxorubicin, and cyclophosphamide combined with persistent aggressive attempts at complete primary tumor resection."	( Aggressive surgery combined with intensive chemotherapy improves survival in poor-risk neuroblastoma. Haase, GM; Hammond, GD; O'Leary, MC; Ramsay, NK; Romansky, SG; Seeger, RC; Stram, DO, 1991)	0.46
"From December 1986 to April 1990, 40 consecutive ovarian cancer patients who relapsed after response to cisplatin-based chemotherapy regimens were treated with seven courses of weekly cisplatin, in combination with epirubicin or etoposide."	( Salvage chemotherapy for ovarian cancer recurrence: weekly cisplatin in combination with epirubicin or etoposide. Bolis, G; Borello, C; Maggi, R; Presti, M; Scarfone, G; Zanaboni, F, 1991)	0.68
" We studied the antileukemic effect of (1) Single-cycle complement-mediated lysis by two different monoclonal antibodies (MoAbs) (M195 [CD33] and F23 [CD13] 40 micrograms/mL), reactive with distinct antigens found on early myeloid cells and monocytes, used alone and in combinations; (2) 4-Hydroperoxycyclophosphamide (4-HC) (80 mumol/L or 100 mumol/L) alone; or (3) combined with VP-16 (5 micrograms/mL) and (4) a cocktail of 1 through 3 as above (combined immunochemotherapy)."	( Autologous bone marrow transplantation in acute myelogenous leukemia: in vitro treatment with myeloid-specific monoclonal antibodies and drugs in combination. Clarkson, BD; Gasparetto, C; Gulati, SC; Lemoli, RM; Moore, MA; Scheinberg, DA, 1991)	0.28
" The maximum tolerated dose of etoposide was 175 mg/m2 per day when administered with dipyridamole at a fixed dose of 24 mg/m2 per day."	( Phase I and pharmacokinetic trial of intraperitoneal etoposide in combination with the multidrug-resistance-modulating agent dipyridamole. Braly, PS; Howell, SB; Isonishi, S; Kim, S; Kirmani, S; McClay, EF; Plaxe, SC, 1991)	0.82
"From July 1986 to July 1989, 40 patients (92% pretreated) with deep-seated, advanced soft tissue sarcomas (STS, 25 patients), Ewing's sarcomas (ES, eight patients), osteosarcomas (OS, three patients) and chondrosarcomas (ChS, four patients) were treated at the University of Munich in a protocol involving regional hyperthermia (RHT) combined with ifosfamide plus etoposide."	( Ifosfamide plus etoposide combined with regional hyperthermia in patients with locally advanced sarcomas: a phase II study. Berger, H; Boehm, E; Denecke, H; Issels, RD; Jauch, KW; Nagele, A; Peter, K; Prenninger, SW; Sauer, H; Wilmanns, W, 1990)	0.79
"The response rate and survival obtained with the second-line chemotherapeutic regimen etoposide combined with ifosfamide were analyzed in a series of 32 patients progressing or relapsing after cisplatin-based front-line treatment."	( A phase II study of etoposide combined with ifosfamide as second-line therapy in cisplatin-resistant ovarian carcinomas. Kaern, J; Tropé, C; Vergote, I; Vossli, S, 1990)	0.83
"Seventy-two previously untreated patients with localized inoperable non-small cell lung cancer were randomized to a study comparing the efficacy of cis-platinum-vindesine (P-VDS) and of cis-platinum-VP16 (P-VP16), both combined with split-course radiotherapy."	( A comparison of cis-platinum-vindesine and cis-platinum-etoposide combined with radiotherapy for previously untreated localized inoperable non-small cell lung cancer. Holsti, LR; Holsti, P; Mattson, K; Niitamo-Korhonen, S; Pyrhönen, S, 1989)	0.52
" With full-dose carboplatin in combination with etoposide, there was a significantly greater carboplatin dosage administered, greater reduction in platelets, and lower platelet nadir."	( A novel pharmacodynamically based approach to dose optimization of carboplatin when used in combination with etoposide. Abrams, JS; Aisner, J; Belani, CP; Egorin, MJ; Eisenberger, M; Hiponia, D; Van Echo, DA, 1989)	0.74
"We conducted a randomized trial comparing a high (120 mg/m2 day 1) v a standard (60 mg/m2 day 1) dose of cisplatin in combination with etoposide (120 mg/m2 days 3, 5, and 7) in advanced non-small-cell lung carcinoma (NSCLC)."	( A randomized study comparing a high and a standard dose of cisplatin in combination with etoposide in the treatment of advanced non-small-cell lung carcinoma. Bonduelle, Y; Klastersky, J; Libert, P; Mairesse, M; Michel, J; Michiels, T; Ravez, P; Rocmans, P; Sculier, JP; Vandermoten, G, 1986)	0.7
" In addition, IF5-AP did not localize to H3347 tumors in nude mice and did not demonstrate enhanced antitumor activity in combination with the prodrug."	( Anti-tumor effects of antibody-alkaline phosphatase conjugates in combination with etoposide phosphate. Brown, JP; Hellström, I; Hellström, KE; Hirschberg, DL; Saulnier, MG; Schreiber, GJ; Senter, PD, 1988)	0.5
"Vitamin A, whether combined with various cytotoxic drugs or not, did not show, when different experimental schedules were used, an anti-tumour effect on various murine tumours."	( Vitamin A: failure to demonstrate in mice an anti-tumour effect, whether combined with cytotoxic drugs or not. Bresson, ML; Cattan, A, 1986)	0.27
"Etoposide combined with cytarabine, doxorubicin, and 6-thioguanine was used to treat 34 patients with acute nonlymphoblastic leukemia (ANLL) in an age-adjusted protocol, with patients greater than 50 years old receiving fewer days of therapy."	( Etoposide in combination with cytarabine, doxorubicin, and 6-thioguanine for treatment of acute nonlymphoblastic leukemia in a protocol adjusted for age. Anderson, NR; Arkin, CF; Bern, MM; Corkery, JC; Huberman, MS; Lokich, JJ; Paul, SD; Phillips, DF; Sonneborn, HA; Wallach, SR, 1987)	3.16
" A series of pilot studies showed unexplained marrow toxicity when VP-16-123 combined with vincristine was given with either methotrexate of adriamycin."	( Oral VP-16-213 in advanced bronchogenic carcinoma and toxic effects when combined with methotrexate. Anderson, G; Bowyer, F; Williams, L, 1981)	0.26
" This study was conducted to evaluate parameters of serotonin metabolism following platinum-based chemotherapy given in combination with the serotonin type-3 antagonist tropisetron as an antiemetic agent."	( Serotonin metabolism following platinum-based chemotherapy combined with the serotonin type-3 antagonist tropisetron. de Vries, EG; Groenewegen, A; Kema, IP; Schröder, CP; Sleijfer, DT; van der Graaf, WT, 1995)	0.29
" In this study, we have investigated whether UTI in combination with an anti-cancer drug, etoposide, can prevent tumour metastasis and show an enhanced therapeutic effect."	( Anti-metastatic therapy by urinary trypsin inhibitor in combination with an anti-cancer agent. Fujie, M; Fujishiro, S; Gotoh, J; Kobayashi, H; Shinohara, H; Terao, T, 1995)	0.51
"Combination chemotherapy with COPE regimen combined with radiation therapy was effective as a first line therapy for SCLC."	( Combination chemotherapy with cyclophosphamide, vincristine, cisplatin and etoposide (COPE) combined with radiotherapy for small cell lung cancer. Choi, CW; Choi, MS; Choi, YH; In, KH; Kang, KH; Kim, CY; Kim, JS; Nam, YJ; Shin, SW, 1995)	0.52
"The two schedules of etoposide in combination with cisplatin did not result in differences in treatment outcome with respect to tumor response and survival."	( Schedule dependency of 21-day oral versus 3-day intravenous etoposide in combination with intravenous cisplatin in extensive-stage small-cell lung cancer: a randomized phase III study of the Cancer and Leukemia Group B. Ellerton, J; Green, MR; Herndon, JE; Hollis, DR; Langleben, A; Miller, AA; Richards, F, 1995)	0.85
" We therefore performed a phase I study with weekly cisplatin combined with oral etoposide."	( Phase I study of weekly high-dose cisplatin combined with long-term oral etoposide in advanced solid tumors. de Boer-Dennert, M; Planting, AS; Stoter, G; van der Burg, ME; Verweij, J, 1995)	0.75
"The starting dose was cisplatin weekly at a dose of 70 mg/m2 for six weeks combined with daily oral etoposide at a dose of 50 mg."	( Phase I study of weekly high-dose cisplatin combined with long-term oral etoposide in advanced solid tumors. de Boer-Dennert, M; Planting, AS; Stoter, G; van der Burg, ME; Verweij, J, 1995)	0.74
"It is feasible to administer frequently dosed cisplatin in combination with oral etoposide."	( Phase I study of weekly high-dose cisplatin combined with long-term oral etoposide in advanced solid tumors. de Boer-Dennert, M; Planting, AS; Stoter, G; van der Burg, ME; Verweij, J, 1995)	0.75
" The seven agents combined with CI-973 were mitomycin C, cyclophosphamide, doxorubicin, vinblastine, etoposide, ifosfamide, and methotrexate."	( Chemotherapy with [SP-4-3-(R)]-[1,1-cyclobutanedicarboxylato(2-)](2- methyl-1,4-butanediamine-N,N')platinum (CI-973, NK121) in combination with standard agents against murine tumors in vivo. Elliott, WL; Howard, CT; Leopold, WR; Roberts, BJ, 1994)	0.5
" Results suggest that: (a) TFP in combination with low concentrations DOX can induce the selection of cells with the multidrug resistant phenotype; and (b) characteristics of cells selected for resistance to DOX or DOX plus TFP are comparable."	( Calmodulin inhibitor trifluoperazine in combination with doxorubicin induces the selection of tumour cells with the multidrug resistant phenotype. Ford, J; Ganapathi, R; Grabowski, D; Kamath, N, 1993)	0.29
" Clinical evaluation of its antineoplastic activity as a single agent and in combination with other chemotherapeutic drugs is in progress."	( Taxol in combination with doxorubicin or etoposide. Possible antagonism in vitro. Cook, J; Fisher, J; Goldspiel, B; Hahn, SM; Kaufman, D; Liebmann, JE; Mitchell, JB; Venzon, D, 1993)	0.55
"Although direct antagonism of the cytotoxicity of doxorubicin or etoposide by taxol has not been proven, there is less-than-additive in vitro cytotoxicity when taxol is combined with these chemotherapeutic agents."	( Taxol in combination with doxorubicin or etoposide. Possible antagonism in vitro. Cook, J; Fisher, J; Goldspiel, B; Hahn, SM; Kaufman, D; Liebmann, JE; Mitchell, JB; Venzon, D, 1993)	0.79
"The tolerance for and activity of escalating targeted doses of carboplatin combined with ifosfamide and etoposide (ICE) were assessed in children with advanced germ cell tumors or other rare solid tumors for which no standard therapy exists."	( Phase I study of escalating targeted doses of carboplatin combined with ifosfamide and etoposide in treatment of newly diagnosed pediatric solid tumors. Bowman, LC; Furman, W; Jones, DP; Marina, NM; Meyer, WH; Murry, DJ; Pratt, CB; Rodman, JH; Shema, SJ, 1994)	0.73
"80 patients with previously untreated stage III-IV non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) were randomly assigned to receive chemotherapy (CT) alone (arm I: 26 patients) or the same CT combined with either interferon (IFN)-gamma (arm II: 27 patients) or with both IFN-gamma and IFN-alpha (arm III: 27 patients)."	( Interferons combined with chemotherapy in the treatment of stage III-IV non-small cell lung cancer--a randomised study. Halme, M; Maasilta, PK; Mattson, KV; Pyrhönen, SO, 1994)	0.29
" Etoposide at a dose of 60-65 mg/kg in combination with TBI and cyclophosphamide was associated with a significantly increased incidence of life threatening or fatal toxicities compared with a combination using a dose of 25-50 mg/kg (15 of 24 vs."	( Etoposide in combination with cyclophosphamide and total body irradiation or busulfan as conditioning for marrow transplantation in adults and children. Cahill, R; Deeg, HJ; Gadner, H; Ortlieb, M; Peters, C; Spitzer, TR; Tefft, MC; Torrisi, J; Urban, C, 1994)	2.64
"Although toxicities with bone marrow transplant preparative regimens containing etoposide in combination with cyclophosphamide and total body irradiation or busulfan were frequently severe, treatment related mortality risk was believed to be acceptably low."	( Etoposide in combination with cyclophosphamide and total body irradiation or busulfan as conditioning for marrow transplantation in adults and children. Cahill, R; Deeg, HJ; Gadner, H; Ortlieb, M; Peters, C; Spitzer, TR; Tefft, MC; Torrisi, J; Urban, C, 1994)	1.96
"Surgery combined with chemotherapy was applied in 34 out of 178 patients (19."	( Chemotherapy combined with surgery in the treatment of gestational trophoblastic disease (GTD). Kietlińska, Z; Sablińska, B; Zieliński, J, 1993)	0.29
"In vitro and clinical studies have shown antineoplastic effects of hyperthermia alone and in combination with other treatment modalities."	( Total body hyperthermia in combination with etoposide and melphalan in a child with acute myelomonocytic leukemia. Dehnen, H; Göbel, U; Jürgens, H; Wessalowski, R; Willnow, U, 1994)	0.55
"The tolerance of escalating targeted doses of carboplatin combined with ifosfamide (IFOS)/etoposide (VP-16) (ICE) was assessed in children with recurrent solid tumors."	( Phase I study of escalating targeted doses of carboplatin combined with ifosfamide and etoposide in children with relapsed solid tumors. Bowman, LC; Douglass, E; Furman, W; Hudson, M; Marina, NM; Meyer, W; Rodman, J; Santana, VM; Shema, SJ; Wilimas, J, 1993)	0.73
"From November 1990 to September 1991, 23 adults with high-risk, nonmetastatic sarcomas (20 soft-tissue sarcomas and 3 chondrosarcomas) were entered in a pilot protocol (RHT-91) involving regional hyperthermia combined with systemic chemotherapy followed by surgery."	( Preoperative systemic etoposide/ifosfamide/doxorubicin chemotherapy combined with regional hyperthermia in high-risk sarcoma: a pilot study. Abdel-Rahman, S; Berger, H; Bosse, D; Issels, RD; Jauch, KW; Panzer, M; Peter, K; Sauer, H; Starck, M; Stiegler, H, 1993)	0.6
"The efficacy of a 5 day continuous infusion of cisplatin, 25 mg/m2/day, in combination with a bolus infusion of etoposide, 100 mg/m2/day over 2 h for 3 days (PiE therapy), was evaluated in a phase II study of previously untreated patients with small cell lung cancer (SCLC)."	( Phase II study of infusional cisplatin in combination with etoposide in the treatment of small cell lung cancer. Kishiro, I; Mori, K; Ohta, S; Suga, Y; Tominaga, K; Yokoyama, K, 1995)	0.75
"Twenty-five chemo-naive patients with pleural mesothelioma were treated with cisplatin 70 mg/m2 days 1-8-15 and days 29-36-43 in combination with oral etoposide 50 mg days 1-15 and days 29-43."	( Phase II study of a short course of weekly high-dose cisplatin combined with long-term oral etoposide in pleural mesothelioma. de Boer-Dennert, M; Goey, SH; Planting, AS; Schellens, JH; Stoter, G; van den Bent, MJ; van der Burg, ME; Verweij, J, 1995)	0.71
"Frequently administered cisplatin in combination with oral etoposide has a moderate but definite activity in pleural mesothelioma."	( Phase II study of a short course of weekly high-dose cisplatin combined with long-term oral etoposide in pleural mesothelioma. de Boer-Dennert, M; Goey, SH; Planting, AS; Schellens, JH; Stoter, G; van den Bent, MJ; van der Burg, ME; Verweij, J, 1995)	0.75
"In a phase I study of weekly administered cisplatin combined with oral etoposide, we observed a partial response in 4 out of 11 patients with metastatic colorectal cancer."	( Phase II study of a short course of weekly high-dose cisplatin combined with long-term oral etoposide in metastatic colorectal cancer. de Boer-Dennert, M; Planting, AS; Stoter, G; van den Bent, MJ; van der Burg, ME; Verweij, J, 1996)	0.75
"Recent data have shown that the in vitro and in vivo cytotoxicity of bioreductive drugs could be significantly increased when combined with chemotherapy drugs such as cisplatinum, depending on the timing of administration."	( The effect of tirapazamine (SR-4233) alone or combined with chemotherapeutic agents on xenografted human tumours. Guichard, M; Lartigau, E, 1996)	0.29
"Thrombocytopenia induced by carboplatin combined with etoposide for elderly lung cancer patients was analyzed in relation to the predicted thrombocytopenia by the equations advocated by Egorin et al."	( Analysis of thrombocytopenia due to carboplatin combined with etoposide in elderly patients with lung cancer. Bando, T; Fujimura, M; Kasahara, K; Matsuda, T; Nakatsumi, Y; Shibata, K, 1996)	0.78
"We studied the effects of carboplatin in combination with etoposide in human B-cell lymphoma cell lines, BALL-2, Dauji and human T-cell leukemia cell lines, CEM, HSB and MOLT-3 cells."	( [Effects of carboplatin combination with etoposide against leukemia/lymphoma cell lines]. Akutsu, M; Kano, Y; Suzuki, K; Tsunoda, S, 1996)	0.8
"The purpose of the study was to determine the maximum tolerated dose of continuous infusion of high-dose VP-16 in combination with high-dose melphalan (HDM) for conditioning before autologous bone marrow transplantation (ABMT)."	( Phase I study of high-dose continuous intravenous infusion of VP-16 in combination with high-dose melphalan followed by autologous bone marrow transplantation in children with stage IV neuroblastoma. Benhamou, E; Bonnay, M; Couanet, D; Hartmann, O; Plantaz, D; Pondarré, C; Valteau-Couanet, D; Vassal, G, 1996)	0.29
" It is concluded that CDDP via BAI combined with VP-16 administration and sequential irradiation is useful to acquire a high response rate in non-small cell lung cancer."	( [Results of radiotherapy combined with CDDP (BAI) plus VP-16 in the treatment of inoperable non-small cell lung cancer]. Inoue, H; Miyaji, N; Miyazono, N; Moriyama, T; Mukai, H; Nakajo, M; Oyama, T; Tanohata, S, 1996)	0.29
" In conclusion, the partial replacement of CDDP with CBDCA in combination with VP16 slightly improves the tolerance of the treatment in terms of nephro- and neurotoxicity; however, it induces a significant increase in hematologic toxicity."	( Partial substitution of cisplatin with carboplatin in combination with etoposide in advanced non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC): a multicentric randomised phase II trial. Biondi, E; Cioffi, R; Comella, G; Comella, P; Curcio, C; De Cataldis, G; Frasci, G; Ianniello, GP; Micillo, E; Nicolella, D; Panza, N; Perchard, J, 1996)	0.53
" In a phase I study with a short course of weekly cisplatin, combined with oral etoposide, we were able to reach, in most patients, a cisplatin dose intensity of 60 mg/m2/week."	( Phase II study of a short course of weekly high-dose cisplatin combined with long-term oral etoposide in metastatic malignant melanoma. de Boer-Dennert, M; Goey, SH; Planting, AS; Schellens, JH; Stoter, G; van der Burg, ME; Vecht, C; Verweij, J, 1996)	0.74
" It was given in combination with carboplatin, which was dosed on an AUC basis."	( Etoposide phosphate infusion with therapeutic drug monitoring in combination with carboplatin dosed by area under the curve: a cancer research campaign phase I/II committee study. Abrahamsen, D; Boddy, A; Brampton, M; Calvert, AH; Lind, M; Newell, D; Porter, D; Robson, L; Thomas, H; Winograd, B, 1996)	1.74
" This clinical investigation assessed the efficacy and toxicity of etoposide phosphate combined with cisplatin in treating SCLC."	( A pharmacoeconomic evaluation of cisplatin in combination with either etoposide or etoposide phosphate in small cell lung cancer. Dezii, CM; Doyle, JJ; Sadana, A, 1996)	0.76
" Combination studies demonstrated that paclitaxel could be combined with either cisplatin or carboplatin at full doses using either a 3-hour or a 24-hour infusion schedule."	( The North American experience with paclitaxel combined with cisplatin or carboplatin in lung cancer. Bunn, PA, 1996)	0.29
" We conclude that idarubicin in combination with cytarabine and etoposide is a highly effective regimen for induction in children with AML."	( Results of treatment with an intensive induction regimen using idarubicin in combination with cytarabine and etoposide in children with acute myeloblastic leukemia. Chantada, G; Cygler, AM; Felice, MS; Gallego, M; Rossi, J; Sackmann-Muriel, F; Zubizarreta, P, )	0.58
" ifosfamide (5 g/m2), carboplatin (300 mg/m2), and etoposide given with WBH, as well as, day 2 and 3 post-WBH (100 mg/m2) for adult patients with refractory sarcoma."	( Ifosfamide, carboplatin and etoposide (ICE) combined with 41.8 degrees C whole body hyperthermia in patients with refractory sarcoma. Crahé, R; Deeken, M; Eleftheriadis, S; Gutsche, S; Katschinski, DM; Mentzel, M; Robins, HI; Storer, B; Wagner, T; Weiss, C; Wiedemann, GJ, 1996)	0.84
" In a phase I study of weekly administration of cisplatin combined with oral etoposide we achieved a cisplatin dose intensity of 52."	( A phase II study of weekly high-dose cisplatin combined with oral etoposide in advanced non-small-cell lung cancer. de Boer-Dennert, M; Goey, H; Kho, S; Planting, A; Schellens, J; Stoter, G; van den Bent, M; van der Burg, M; van der Gaast, A; Verweij, J, 1997)	0.76
" In conclusion, intensive therapy using high-dose CSA combined with VP16 and prednisone might be a therapeutic option for patients with otherwise refractory LCH."	( Treatment of relapsed Langerhans cell histiocytosis by cyclosporin A combined with etoposide and prednisone. Göbel, U; Janssen, G; Körholz, D, )	0.36
"Prior to work on the influence of dosing and scheduling of the drug etoposide in bone marrow cells, the DNA-damaging effects of three haemopoietic growth factors, either alone or in combination with etoposide, were investigated."	( Effects of haemopoietic growth factors in combination with etoposide on sister chromatid exchange frequencies in peripheral blood mononuclear cells. Bamford, C; Joel, SP; Liu, WM; Slevin, M, 1998)	0.78
" This phase I clinical trial was designed to determine the maximum tolerated dose (MTD) of paclitaxel in combination with etoposide in previously untreated patients with non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC)."	( A phase I study of paclitaxel in combination with etoposide in patients with stage IIIB/IV non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). Berg, M; Leutz, M; Schlimmer, P; Sybrecht, GW; Ukena, D; Zell, L, 1998)	0.76
" After three courses of neoadjuvant chemotherapy combined with G-CSF and/or PBSCT reinfusion, the breast cancer revealed a remarkable size reduction and was absent from direct thoracic and pectoral muscle, invasion within the physical status and visual analysis by CT scan."	( [A case report of neoadjuvant intra-arterial injection chemotherapy combined with peripheral blood stem cell reinfusion in an advanced breast cancer patient]. Idezuki, Y; Inokuma, S; Ishizuka, N; Kobayashi, M; Maeda, H; Miura, T; Murata, N; Suwata, J; Takada, S, 1998)	0.3
"6-fold when combined with ICRF-187 (B."	( Improved targeting of brain tumors using dexrazoxane rescue of topoisomerase II combined with supralethal doses of etoposide and teniposide. Holm, B; Jensen, PB; Sehested, M, 1998)	0.51
" Effective modulatory doses of etanidazole could not be given with acceptable toxicity using this schedule."	( Dose escalation of the hypoxic cell sensitizer etanidazole combined with ifosfamide, carboplatin, etoposide, and autologous hematopoietic stem cell support. Antman, KH; Ayash, LJ; Coleman, N; Elias, AD; Frei, E; Ibrahim, J; McCauley, M; Mills, L; Schnipper, L; Schwartz, G; Teicher, BA; Warren, D; Wheeler, C, 1998)	0.52
" This rodent study was designed to assess the sequencing of radiation therapy and chemotherapy administered with osmotic blood-brain barrier disruption (BBBD)."	( Decreased delivery and acute toxicity of cranial irradiation and chemotherapy given with osmotic blood-brain barrier disruption in a rodent model: the issue of sequence. Garcia, R; McCormick, CI; Neuwelt, EA; Pearse, HD; Remsen, LG; Sexton, G, 1995)	0.29
" This drug combination is therefore used in intraocular retinoblastoma, as primary reduction chemotherapy, before local treatment."	( Role of chemotherapy alone or in combination with hyperthermia in the primary treatment of intraocular retinoblastoma: preliminary results. Asselain, B; Desjardins, L; Doz, F; Levy, C; Michon, J; Pacquement, H; Quintana, E; Schlienger, P; Validire, P; Zucker, JM, 1998)	0.3
"We conducted a feasibility study of continuous etoposide infusion, which was expected to suppress DNA repair after radiation, combined with radiation in patients with advanced non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC)."	( A feasibility study of continuous etoposide infusion combined with thoracic radiation for non-small cell lung cancer. Kato, Y; Kitamura, T; Noda, K; Nomura, I; Oshita, F; Sugiyama, M; Yamada, K; Yamashita, K, )	0.67
" Cladribine was combined with cisplatin, daunorubicin, chlorambucil, paclitaxel or etoposide."	( Cytotoxicity of 2-chlorodeoxadenosine (cladribine, 2-cdA) in combination with other chemotherapy drugs against two lymphoma cell lines. Hoffman, M; Lesser, M; Rai, K; Xu, JC, 1999)	0.53
" We have studied the anti-cancer effect of vesnarinone in combination with cisplatin, VP-16 (etoposide) and gemcitabine, against human lung cancer cell lines (PC-9 and Lu 134A) using the MTT assay and isobologram analysis."	( Effect of vesnarinone in combination with anti-cancer drugs on lung cancer cell lines. Fujita, M; Higashino, K; Tsuchida, T, 1999)	0.52
" We evaluated the safety and activity of rhTPO as a PBPC mobilizer in combination with granulocyte colony-stimulating factor (G-CSF) in 29 breast cancer patients treated with high-dose chemotherapy followed by PBPC reinfusion."	( Recombinant human thrombopoietin in combination with granulocyte colony-stimulating factor enhances mobilization of peripheral blood progenitor cells, increases peripheral blood platelet concentration, and accelerates hematopoietic recovery following high Ashby, M; Bhatia, R; Chow, W; Doroshow, JH; Forman, S; Fyfe, G; Hellmann, S; Jones, D; Knutson, G; Leong, L; Longmate, J; Margolin, K; Morgan, R; Raschko, J; Shibata, S; Sniecinski, I; Somlo, G; ter Veer, A; Tetef, M; Vuk-Pavlovic, S; Yen, Y, 1999)	0.3
"To evaluate the pharmacokinetics of paclitaxel and cisplatin administered in combination with bleomycin and etoposide and Granulocyte Colony-Stimulating Factor (G-CSF) in patients with advanced solid tumours."	( Pharmacokinetics of paclitaxel administered in combination with cisplatin, etoposide and bleomycin in patients with advanced solid tumours. Beijnen, JH; de Wit, R; Lieverst, J; Nannan Panday, VR; Rosing, H; Schellens, JH; Schornagel, JH; Schot, M; ten Bokkel Huinink, WW, 1999)	0.75
"Patients were recruited to a phase I trial where escalating doses of paclitaxel (125 to 200 mg/m(2)) were administered in combination with etoposide 100 or 120 mg/m(2), and fixed dose of cisplatin 20 mg/m(2) and bleomycin 30 mg, with the concomitant use of G-CSF."	( Pharmacokinetics of paclitaxel administered in combination with cisplatin, etoposide and bleomycin in patients with advanced solid tumours. Beijnen, JH; de Wit, R; Lieverst, J; Nannan Panday, VR; Rosing, H; Schellens, JH; Schornagel, JH; Schot, M; ten Bokkel Huinink, WW, 1999)	0.74
"1 microM) when administered in combination with cisplatin, etoposide and bleomycin (PEB) were not statistically different from paclitaxel data of historical controls."	( Pharmacokinetics of paclitaxel administered in combination with cisplatin, etoposide and bleomycin in patients with advanced solid tumours. Beijnen, JH; de Wit, R; Lieverst, J; Nannan Panday, VR; Rosing, H; Schellens, JH; Schornagel, JH; Schot, M; ten Bokkel Huinink, WW, 1999)	0.78
"To determine the safety and efficacy of the combination of idarubicin, cytarabine and etoposide ("ICE") for induction and consolidation treatment of acute myeloid leukemia (AML), and of dose-intensification of cytarabine in this setting, 54 previously untreated patients in three cohorts were studied by sequential dose escalation of cytarabine, in combination with standard doses of idarubicin and etoposide."	( A phase I/II study of intensive dose escalation of cytarabine in combination with idarubicin and etoposide in induction and consolidation treatment of adult acute myeloid leukemia. Australian Leukaemia Study Group (ALSG). Bishop, JF; Bradstock, KF; Cobcroft, R; Eliadis, P; Enno, A; Gill, D; Herrmann, RP; Juneja, S; Lowenthal, RM; Manoharan, A; Matthews, JP; Page, FJ; Rooney, KF; Rosenfeld, D; Seldon, M; Taylor, KM; Wolf, MM; Young, GA, 1999)	0.74
"The in-vitro activity of rifabutin and albendazole alone and in combination with clarithromycin, etoposide, minocycline and pyrimethamine was investigated against four clinical isolates of Pneumocystis carinii."	( In-vitro activity of rifabutin and albendazole singly and in combination with other clinically used antimicrobial agents against Pneumocystis carinii. Barchiesi, F; Cirioni, O; Fortuna, M; Giacometti, A; Scalise, G, 1999)	0.52
"It is necessary to decrease the doses of daunorubicin and etoposide when they are administered with PSC-833, presumably because of the effect of the modulator on the pharmacokinetics of these agents."	( Parallel phase I studies of daunorubicin given with cytarabine and etoposide with or without the multidrug resistance modulator PSC-833 in previously untreated patients 60 years of age or older with acute myeloid leukemia: results of cancer and leukemia g Baer, M; Caligiuri, M; Dodge, RK; George, SL; Lee, EJ; Lemke, S; Powell, BL; Schiffer, CA; Smith, R; Szatrowski, TP, 1999)	0.78
"As a result of these observations, paclitaxel (135 mg/m(2)) combined with cisplatin has replaced etoposide plus cisplatin as the reference regimen in our recently completed phase III trial."	( Comparison of survival and quality of life in advanced non-small-cell lung cancer patients treated with two dose levels of paclitaxel combined with cisplatin versus etoposide with cisplatin: results of an Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group trial. Bonomi, P; Cella, D; Fairclough, D; Jiroutek, M; Johnson, D; Kim, K; Kugler, J; Rowinsky, E, 2000)	0.72
" Among these agents, cytarabine may be the best agent for the combination with fludarabine phosphate."	( In vitro cytotoxic effects of fludarabine (2-F-ara-A) in combination with commonly used antileukemic agents by isobologram analysis. Akutsu, M; Bai, L; Furukawa, Y; Ichikawa, A; Kano, Y; Kon, K; Suzuki, K; Tsunoda, S, 2000)	0.31
"Although whole-body hyperthermia combined with specific genotoxic chemotherapy can be shown to enhance neoplastic cell killing without a concomitant rise in bone marrow toxicity, nephrotoxicity can become treatment-limiting."	( Nephrotoxicity of ifosfamide, carboplatin and etoposide (ICE) alone or combined with extracorporeal or radiant-heat-induced whole-body hyperthermia. Filejski, W; Gerke, P; Robins, HI; Steinhoff, J; Wiedemann, GJ, 2000)	0.57
"To analyse the long term results of small cell lung cancer (SCLC) treated by surgery combined with postoperative chemotherapy."	( [Long-term results of small cell lung cancer treated by surgery combined with postoperative chemotherapy: a report of 65 patients]. Huang, J; Sun, Y; Zhang, X, 1997)	0.3
"From 1983 to 1994, 65 patients with SCLC were treated by surgery combined with postoperative chemotherapy, and 22 of them received prophylactic cranial irradiation."	( [Long-term results of small cell lung cancer treated by surgery combined with postoperative chemotherapy: a report of 65 patients]. Huang, J; Sun, Y; Zhang, X, 1997)	0.3
"Surgery combined with postoperative chemotherapy and radiotherapy is preferred for stages I and II, N0 and N1 lesions of SCLC."	( [Long-term results of small cell lung cancer treated by surgery combined with postoperative chemotherapy: a report of 65 patients]. Huang, J; Sun, Y; Zhang, X, 1997)	0.3
" The patient received ifosfamide (5 g/m2, day 1), carboplatin (300 mg/m2, day 1), etoposide (150 mg/m2, days 2-3) combined with WBH at 41."	( [Chemotherapy in combination with whole-body hyperthermia in advanced malignant pleural mesothelioma]. Bakhshandeh, A; Bruns, I; Eberhardt, K; Wiedemann, GJ, 2000)	0.53
" Although the incidence of modest (grade 2) late GI and GU toxicities seem to be increased compared with 3D-CRT alone or in combination with androgen ablation therapy, no severe toxicities were encountered with this regimen."	( Results of a phase II study using estramustine phosphate and vinblastine in combination with high-dose three-dimensional conformal radiotherapy for patients with locally advanced prostate cancer. Fuks, Z; Kelly, WK; Lee, H; Leibel, SA; Metz, E; Scher, HI; Schwartz, L; Smart, T; Zelefsky, MJ, 2000)	0.31
"To compare the clinical efficacy of VP-16(etoposide) with VM-26(teniposide) both plus platinum drugs combined with radiotherapy in the treatment of patients with small cell lung cancer(SCLC)."	( [VP-16 and VM-26 plus platinum drugs combined with radiotherapy in the treatment of small cell lung cancer]. Jin, X; Liu, Z; Luo, B; Yin, L; Zeng, P, 1998)	0.56
" The treatment of both groups was combined with radiotherapy."	( [VP-16 and VM-26 plus platinum drugs combined with radiotherapy in the treatment of small cell lung cancer]. Jin, X; Liu, Z; Luo, B; Yin, L; Zeng, P, 1998)	0.3
"The results indicate that both VP-16 and VM-26 combined with platinum drugs were effective chemotherapy protocols."	( [VP-16 and VM-26 plus platinum drugs combined with radiotherapy in the treatment of small cell lung cancer]. Jin, X; Liu, Z; Luo, B; Yin, L; Zeng, P, 1998)	0.3
" Our studies examine the ability of gemcitabine, both alone and in combination with other chemotherapeutic agents, to inhibit the in vitro and in vivo growth of several prostate cancer cell lines."	( The study of gemcitabine in combination with other chemotherapeutic agents as an effective treatment for prostate cancer. Brumfield, SK; Lehr, JE; Mahoney, M; Muenchen, HJ; Pienta, KJ; Pilat, MJ; Quigley, MM, )	0.13
"The results revealed synergistic cytotoxicity when vinflunine was combined with cisplatin, mitomycin C, doxorubicin or 5-fluorouracil."	( In vitro synergistic effects of vinflunine, a novel fluorinated vinca alkaloid, in combination with other anticancer drugs. Barret, JM; Etiévant, C; Hill, BT, 2000)	0.31
" Currently, SU101 in combination with cytotoxic agents is in late-stage clinical development for the treatment of cancers."	( Effects of SU101 in combination with cytotoxic agents on the growth of subcutaneous tumor xenografts. Cherrington, JM; Kabbinavar, F; Mann, E; Schwartz, DP; Shawver, LK; Slamon, DJ; Strawn, LM, 2000)	0.31
" Etoposide phosphate in combination with any other agent was observed to be highly neurotoxic if both agents were administered after BBBD."	( Unexpected neurotoxicity of etoposide phosphate administered in combination with other chemotherapeutic agents after blood-brain barrier modification to enhance delivery, using propofol for general anesthesia, in a rat model. Fortin, D; McCormick, CI; Neuwelt, EA; Nixon, R; Remsen, LG, 2000)	1.51
" Therefore, we conducted a clinical trial to determine the maximum tolerated dose and the pharmacokinetics of novobiocin when given in combination with VP-16."	( Phase I and pharmacokinetic study of novobiocin in combination with VP-16 in patients with refractory malignancies. DiStasio, SA; Egorin, MJ; Lorico, A; McKeon, A; Murren, JR; Rappa, G; Sartorelli, AC; Zuhowski, EG, )	0.13
" We report the use of a continuous high dose infusion of ïfosfamide at a dose of 9g/m(2) over 3 days in combination with etoposide and epirubicin followed by autologous stem cell transplant with either BEAM or Melphalan/VP16 conditioning in this difficult group."	( High dose ifosfamide in combination with etoposide and epirubicin followed by autologous stem cell transplantation in the treatment of relapsed/refractory Hodgkin's disease: a report on toxicity and efficacy. Angus, B; Carey, PJ; Finney, RD; Galloway, MJ; Goff, DK; Haynes, A; Jackson, GH; Lennard, AL; Leonard, RC; McQuaker, IG; Proctor, SJ; Russell, N; Taylor, PR; Windebank, K, 2000)	0.78
"To evaluate the efficacy and toxicity of two different etoposide (VP-16) dosages (30 or 45 mg/kg) in combination with busulfan/cyclophosphamide as conditioning therapy followed by stem cell transplantation in acute myeloid leukemia (AML), 90 patients with AML received either 30 mg/kg (n = 60) or 45 mg/kg (n = 30) etoposide in combination with busulfan (16 mg/kg) and cyclophosphamide (120 mg/kg)."	( Dose-dependent effect of etoposide in combination with busulfan plus cyclophosphamide as conditioning for stem cell transplantation in patients with acute myeloid leukemia. Braumann, D; Colberg, H; del Valle, F; Erttmann, R; Fiedler, W; Finkenstein, F; Holstein, K; Kabisch, H; Kröger, N; Krüger, W; Kuse, R; Mayer, U; Metzner, B; Renges, H; Sonnen, R; Sonnenberg, S; Stute, N; Zabelina, T; Zander, AR, 2000)	0.86
"A dose-escalation study was realized in order to assess the maximally tolerated dose (MTD) of high-dose mitoxantrone in a single injection combined with cytarabine and etoposide (EMA regimen) in refractory or relapsed acute myelogenous leukemia (AML)."	( Dose-escalation study of single dose mitoxantrone in combination with timed sequential chemotherapy in patients with refractory or relapsing acute myelogenous leukemia. Archimbaud, E; Cambier, N; Ecstein-Fraïssé, E; Leblond, V; Pautas, C; Reman, O; Soler-Michel, P; Taksin, AL; Thomas, X; Vekhoff, A, 2000)	0.5
" In addition to evaluation of GL331's single agent activity, the use of GL331 in combination with other established therapeutic agents was also evaluated."	( In vitro evaluation of GL331's cancer cell killing and apoptosis-inducing activity in combination with other chemotherapeutic agents. Chen, LT; Huang, TS; Lee, CC; Shu, CH; Whang-Peng, J, 2000)	0.31
"In this phase II study, activity and safety of neoadjuvant regional hyperthermia (RHT) combined with chemotherapy was investigated in 59 patients with primary advanced or recurrent high-risk soft-tissue sarcoma (STS)."	( Neoadjuvant chemotherapy combined with regional hyperthermia (RHT) for locally advanced primary or recurrent high-risk adult soft-tissue sarcomas (STS) of adults: long-term results of a phase II study. Abdel-Rahman, S; Aydemir, U; Falk, MH; Hiddemann, W; Issels, RD; Kurze, V; Sauer, H; Wendtner, C, 2001)	0.31
" 54 patients were prospectively treated with four cycles of etoposide, ifosfamide and doxorubicin (EIA) combined with regional hyperthermia (RHT) followed by surgery, another four cycles of EIA without RHT and external beam radiation."	( Treatment of primary, recurrent or inadequately resected high-risk soft-tissue sarcomas (STS) of adults: results of a phase II pilot study (RHT-95) of neoadjuvant chemotherapy combined with regional hyperthermia. Abdel-Rahman, S; Baumert, J; Falk, MH; Hiddemann, W; Issels, RD; Krych, M; Santl, M; Wendtner, C, 2001)	0.55
" Our data suggest that low-dose chemotherapy in combination with PEX can be successfully used against human malignant glioma in vivo."	( Low-dose chemotherapy combined with an antiangiogenic drug reduces human glioma growth in vivo. Bello, L; Bikfalvi, A; Black, PM; Carrabba, G; Carroll, RS; Cerutti, F; Giussani, C; Landré, J; Lucini, V; Pluderi, M; Scaglione, F; Tomei, G; Villani, R, 2001)	0.31
"Alternating COPP/ABVD and rapid alternating COPP/ABV/IMEP in combination with extended-field radiotherapy are equally effective in intermediate-stage Hodgkin's lymphoma and produce excellent long-term treatment results."	( Rapidly alternating COPP/ABV/IMEP is not superior to conventional alternating COPP/ABVD in combination with extended-field radiotherapy in intermediate-stage Hodgkin's lymphoma: final results of the German Hodgkin's Lymphoma Study Group Trial HD5. Anselmo, AP; Brosteanu, O; Diehl, V; Doelken, G; Duehmke, E; Engert, A; Franklin, J; Georgii, A; Greil, R; Hasenclever, D; Herrmann, R; Josting, A; Kirchner, H; Koch, P; Koch, T; Lathan, B; Loeffler, M; Munker, R; Paulus, U; Pfistner, B; Pfreundschuh, M; Rueffer, U; Schalk, KP; Sieber, M; Tesch, H; Wolf, J, 2002)	0.31
"Treatment with (131)I-MIBG in combination with myeloablative chemotherapy and hematopoietic stem-cell rescue is feasible with acceptable toxicity."	( Pilot study of iodine-131-metaiodobenzylguanidine in combination with myeloablative chemotherapy and autologous stem-cell support for the treatment of neuroblastoma. Braun, T; Ferrara, JL; Hubers, D; Hutchinson, RJ; Levine, JE; Matthay, KK; Shapiro, B; Shulkin, BL; Sisson, JC; Spalding, S; Yanik, GA, 2002)	0.31
" In this study, we evaluated the ability of CU201 to produce additive or synergistic growth inhibition in combination with various antitumor agents used in lung cancer therapy."	( Bradykinin antagonist dimer, CU201, inhibits the growth of human lung cancer cell lines in vitro and in vivo and produces synergistic growth inhibition in combination with other antitumor agents. Bunn, PA; Chan, DC; Chan, KK; Covey, JM; Feng, WY; Gera, L; Helfrich, B; Stewart, JM; Zhao, TL, 2002)	0.31
"The overall tumor response (complete and partial) of more than 80% indicates that chemoreduction is an effective modality alone and combined with adjuvant salvage modalities."	( Efficacy of induction chemotherapy in retinoblastoma, alone or combined with other adjuvant modalities. Arya, LS; Ghose, S; Kumar, H; Mohanti, BK; Nizamuddin, SH; Sethi, A; Thavaraj, V, )	0.13
"To determine the efficacy of neoadjuvant chemotherapy combined with regional hyperthermia (RHT) for local tumor control and overall survival (OS) in adult patients with retroperitoneal or visceral (RP/V) high-risk soft tissue sarcomas (HR-STS)."	( Response to neoadjuvant chemotherapy combined with regional hyperthermia predicts long-term survival for adult patients with retroperitoneal and visceral high-risk soft tissue sarcomas. Abdel-Rahman, S; Baumert, J; Baur, A; Hiddemann, W; Issels, RD; Krych, M; Lindner, LH; Wendtner, CM, 2002)	0.31
"From 1991 to 1997, 58 patients with HR-STS at RP/V sites were prospectively treated with four cycles of etoposide, ifosfamide, and doxorubicin combined with RHT followed by surgery, adjuvant chemotherapy, and radiation."	( Response to neoadjuvant chemotherapy combined with regional hyperthermia predicts long-term survival for adult patients with retroperitoneal and visceral high-risk soft tissue sarcomas. Abdel-Rahman, S; Baumert, J; Baur, A; Hiddemann, W; Issels, RD; Krych, M; Lindner, LH; Wendtner, CM, 2002)	0.53
"Response to neoadjuvant chemotherapy combined with RHT is predictive for an improved local tumor control resulting in a long-term survival benefit for patients with HR-STS at unfavorable RP/V sites; however, the impact of RHT has to be defined in a randomized phase III trial."	( Response to neoadjuvant chemotherapy combined with regional hyperthermia predicts long-term survival for adult patients with retroperitoneal and visceral high-risk soft tissue sarcomas. Abdel-Rahman, S; Baumert, J; Baur, A; Hiddemann, W; Issels, RD; Krych, M; Lindner, LH; Wendtner, CM, 2002)	0.31
"To identify the optimal schedule for infusion of cytarabine (ara-C) given with cladribine (2-CdA) to pediatric patients with acute myeloid leukemia (AML), and to compare the effects of the two schedules on the pharmacokinetics of ara-C triphosphate (ara-CTP) in leukemic cells."	( Interim comparison of a continuous infusion versus a short daily infusion of cytarabine given in combination with cladribine for pediatric acute myeloid leukemia. Behm, FG; Crews, KR; Gandhi, V; Plunkett, W; Pui, CH; Raimondi, SC; Razzouk, BI; Ribeiro, RC; Rubnitz, JE; Srivastava, DK; Stewart, CF; Tong, X, 2002)	0.31
"Intracellular accumulation of ara-CTP is increased when 2-CdA is given with ara-C, but no schedule-dependent differences in this effect were seen."	( Interim comparison of a continuous infusion versus a short daily infusion of cytarabine given in combination with cladribine for pediatric acute myeloid leukemia. Behm, FG; Crews, KR; Gandhi, V; Plunkett, W; Pui, CH; Raimondi, SC; Razzouk, BI; Ribeiro, RC; Rubnitz, JE; Srivastava, DK; Stewart, CF; Tong, X, 2002)	0.31
" This, combined with preclinical synergism, prompted the Gynecologic Oncology Group to determine the maximum tolerated dose (MTD) of this combination."	( Phase I escalation of gemcitabine combined with protracted oral etoposide in gynecologic malignancies: A Gynecologic Oncology Group study. Bookman, MA; Garcia, AA; Look, KY; Mutch, DG; Rodriguez-Rodriguez, L, 2002)	0.55
" We report the case of a 49 year-old female with advanced mantle cell lymphoma (MCL), who successfully underwent auto-peripheral blood stem cell transplant (auto-PBSCT) in combination with in vivo purging of tumor cells using rituximab."	( [A patient with mantle cell lymphoma who successfully underwent auto-PBSCT in combination with in vivo purging of tumor cells using rituximab]. Hino, N; Ishibashi, K; Kanaji, N; Uno, H, 2002)	0.31
"To study the inhibitory effects of Etoposide (VP16) combined with 8-methoxypsoralen (8-MOP) on human highly metastatic mucoepidermoid carcinoma cells (Mc3)."	( [Inhibitory Effects of Etoposide Combined with 8-methoxypsoral en on Highly Metastatic Human Mucoepidermoid Carcinoma Cells]. Han, J; Li, Y; Liu, B; Situ, Z; Wu, J, 1999)	0.89
"A novel somatostatin analogue, TT-232 (which inhibits the proliferation of various cell cultures and transplantable mouse tumours), was examined regarding its effect on human melanoma and lymphoma xenografts as a single treatment or in combination with DTIC (dacarbazine) and etoposide."	( Effect of a novel somatostatin analogue combined with cytotoxic drugs on human tumour xenografts and metastasis of B16 melanoma. Bökönyi, G; Horváth, A; Kéri, G; Szende, B, 2003)	0.5
"Music therapy combined with anti-tumor drugs, including chemotherapy and Chinese drugs, was given to 162 tumor patients according to syndrome differentiation to observe the change of self-rating depression scale (SDS), self-rating anxiety scale (SAS), minnesota multiphasic personality inventory (MMPI), Hamilton rating scale for depression (HAMD) and T lymphocyte subsets (immuno-histochemical assay), NK cell anti-tumor activity (NAG method), etc."	( [Clinical observation of music therapy combined with anti-tumor drugs in treating 116 cases of tumor patients]. Cai, GR; Jiao, LP; Li, PW, 2001)	0.31
" However, in XRS-5 cells, the drug combination caused a significant increase in the aberrations induced in those chromosomes, but with a concomitant reduction in the randomly induced-aberrations."	( Chromosomal aberrations induced by 5-azacytidine combined with VP-16 (etoposide) in CHO-K1 and XRS-5 cell lines. Cardoso, RS; Dias, FL; Guimarães, AP; Kronka, SN; Sakamoto-Hojo, ET, 2003)	0.55
"Several single-institution pilot studies have suggested that augmented preparative regimens, including those containing total body irradiation combined with an autologous bone marrow transplantation, are superior to standard regimens for the treatment of relapsed or refractory Hodgkin disease."	( The value of augmented preparative regimens combined with an autologous bone marrow transplant for the management of relapsed or refractory Hodgkin disease: a Southwest Oncology Group phase II trial. Bolwell, BJ; Fisher, RI; Forman, SJ; LeBlanc, M; McCall, AR; Nademanee, AP; Stiff, PJ; Unger, JM, 2003)	0.32
" Whether TRAIL/Apo2L in combination with chemotherapy may overcome TRAIL/Apo2L resistance while maintaining tumour selectivity remains to be determined."	( Selective and nonselective toxicity of TRAIL/Apo2L combined with chemotherapy in human bone tumour cells vs. normal human cells. Debatin, KM; Fulda, S; Hotfilder, M; Poremba, C; Schäfer, KL; Truckenbrod, B; Van Valen, F; Winkelmann, W, 2003)	0.32
"Cytotoxic activity of chemotherapeutic agents can be enhanced by site-specific delivery or by combination with other less toxic agents."	( Sterically stabilized etoposide liposomes: evaluation of antimetastatic activity and its potentiation by combination with sterically stabilized pentoxifylline liposomes in mice. Gude, RP; Nagarsenker, MS; Rao, SG; Sant, VP, 2003)	0.63
"To investigate the effectiveness of treatment of recurrent malignant brain gliomas by surgical excision combined with biodegradable polymers of interstitial chemotherapy."	( [Treatment of recurrent malignant brain gliomas by surgical excision combined with biodegradable polymers of interstitial chemotherapy]. Qi, ST; Qiu, BH, 2004)	0.32
"Surgical treatment combined with interstitial chemotherapy with biodegradable Vp-16 polymers improves the treatment result of recurrent malignant brain gliomas compared to surgery alone."	( [Treatment of recurrent malignant brain gliomas by surgical excision combined with biodegradable polymers of interstitial chemotherapy]. Qi, ST; Qiu, BH, 2004)	0.32
" The anti-tumor effects of the rAAV-endostatin vector combined with a topoisomerase inhibitor, etoposide, were evaluated in a mouse liver tumor model."	( Adeno-associated virus mediated endostatin gene therapy in combination with topoisomerase inhibitor effectively controls liver tumor in mouse model. Choi, SH; Hong, SY; Hyung, WJ; Jung, HC; Kim, KS; Lee, MH; Noh, SH; Roh, JK, 2004)	0.54
" Finally, the mice treated with rAAV-endostatin in combination with etoposide showed the longest survival among the experimental models."	( Adeno-associated virus mediated endostatin gene therapy in combination with topoisomerase inhibitor effectively controls liver tumor in mouse model. Choi, SH; Hong, SY; Hyung, WJ; Jung, HC; Kim, KS; Lee, MH; Noh, SH; Roh, JK, 2004)	0.56
"rAAV delivered endostatin gene therapy in combination with a topoisomerase inhibitor pretreatment is an effective modality for anticancer gene therapy."	( Adeno-associated virus mediated endostatin gene therapy in combination with topoisomerase inhibitor effectively controls liver tumor in mouse model. Choi, SH; Hong, SY; Hyung, WJ; Jung, HC; Kim, KS; Lee, MH; Noh, SH; Roh, JK, 2004)	0.32
"To observe the effect of concurrent radiotherapy combined with carboplatin and etoposide in limited stage small cell lung cancer."	( [Concurrent radiotherapy combined with carboplatin and etoposide in limited stage small cell lung cancer]. Qiao, TK; Shu, L; Wu, W; Xin, L; Zhou, DA, 2004)	0.8
"Concurrent radiotherapy combined with carboplatin and etoposide can significantly improve median survival time and 5-year survival rate of patients with limited stage small cell lung cancer."	( [Concurrent radiotherapy combined with carboplatin and etoposide in limited stage small cell lung cancer]. Qiao, TK; Shu, L; Wu, W; Xin, L; Zhou, DA, 2004)	0.82
" We have examined the effect of this CDO alone and in combination with a range of common chemotherapeutic agents in colorectal cancer cell lines."	( The in vitro effects of CRE-decoy oligonucleotides in combination with conventional chemotherapy in colorectal cancer cell lines. Liu, WM; Propper, DJ; Scott, KA; Shahin, S, 2004)	0.32
"From 1998 to 2001, 5 consecutive cases of AML/TMDS entered our hospital and achieved complete remission (CR) with continuous drip infusion of low-dose etoposide and low-dose Ara-C combined with mitoxantrone (MEtA regimen)."	( [Five cases of de novo acute myeloid leukemia with trilineage myelodysplasia (AML/TMDS) achieved CR with the continuous drip infusion of low-dose etoposide and low-dose cytosine arabinoside combined with mitoxantrone (MEtA)]. Furukawa, Y; Kitani, T; Shibano, M; Tsukaguchi, M, 2004)	0.72
"To quantify changes of bone marrow microcirculation in multiple myeloma (MM) using contrast enhanced dynamic MRI (dMRI) during thalidomide as antiangiogenic monotherapy or in combination with chemotherapy (cyclophosphamide, etoposide, dexamethasone)."	( [Dynamic MRI of the bone marrow for monitoring multiple myeloma during treatment with thalidomide as monotherapy or in combination with CED chemotherapy]. Delorme, S; Düber, C; Goldschmidt, H; Heiss, J; Hillengass, J; Kauczor, HU; Moehler, T; Neben, K; Nosas, S; Wasser, K, 2004)	0.51
"dMRI can quantify significant changes of bone marrow microcirculation solely during treatment with thalidomide combined with chemotherapy, not with thalidomide alone."	( [Dynamic MRI of the bone marrow for monitoring multiple myeloma during treatment with thalidomide as monotherapy or in combination with CED chemotherapy]. Delorme, S; Düber, C; Goldschmidt, H; Heiss, J; Hillengass, J; Kauczor, HU; Moehler, T; Neben, K; Nosas, S; Wasser, K, 2004)	0.32
" Hyperthermia was given with a four antenna array, operating at 70 MHz arranged around the thorax."	( A feasibility study in oesophageal carcinoma using deep loco-regional hyperthermia combined with concurrent chemotherapy followed by surgery. Albregts, M; Crezee, H; Fockens, P; González González, D; Hulshof, MC; Richel, DJ; van Dijk, JD; van Lanschot, JJ; Zum Vörde Sive Vörding, PJ, 2004)	0.32
"5 g m(-2), carboplatin 100 mg m(-2) and etoposide 150 mg m(-2), days 1-4, q 28 days, G-CSF 5 microg kg(-1) starting from day 6) alone and in combination with regional hyperthermia (RHT) in soft tissue sarcoma (STS) refractory to previous standard doxorubicin-ifosfamide-based chemotherapy."	( Ifosfamide, carboplatin and etoposide (ICE) as second-line regimen alone and in combination with regional hyperthermia is active in chemo-pre-treated advanced soft tissue sarcoma of adults. Abdel-Rahman, S; Fahn, W; Fiegl, M; Issels, RD; Schlemmer, M; Wendtner, CM, 2004)	0.89
" A median of four courses of ICE were administered with RHT on days 1 and 3 (60 min, T(max) 42 degrees C)."	( Ifosfamide, carboplatin and etoposide (ICE) as second-line regimen alone and in combination with regional hyperthermia is active in chemo-pre-treated advanced soft tissue sarcoma of adults. Abdel-Rahman, S; Fahn, W; Fiegl, M; Issels, RD; Schlemmer, M; Wendtner, CM, 2004)	0.62
"These results suggest that ICE alone or combined with RHT shows activity as second-line therapy in doxorubicin-ifosfamide-refractory STS."	( Ifosfamide, carboplatin and etoposide (ICE) as second-line regimen alone and in combination with regional hyperthermia is active in chemo-pre-treated advanced soft tissue sarcoma of adults. Abdel-Rahman, S; Fahn, W; Fiegl, M; Issels, RD; Schlemmer, M; Wendtner, CM, 2004)	0.62
" We therefore investigated the therapeutic efficacy of STI571, alone or combined with chemotherapy, in human SCLC cells or tumors xenografted into nude mice."	( In vivo efficacy of STI571 in xenografted human small cell lung cancer alone or combined with chemotherapy. de Cremoux, P; Decaudin, D; Fréneaux, P; Judde, JG; Livartowski, A; Nemati, F; Pouillart, P; Poupon, MF; Sastre, X; Tran-Perennou, C, 2005)	0.33
" Therefore, we addressed the role of this combination with paclitaxel,etoposide, cisplatin (some effective agents to NSCLC) as front-line therapy in NSCLC with BM."	( [Paclitaxel and cisplatin combined with etoposide chemotherapy in non-small cell lung cancer with brain metastases]. Chen, LK; Liang, Y; Liu, JL; Xu, GC; Yang, QY; Zhang, LN, 2004)	0.82
"Paclitaxel and cisplatin combined with etoposide as front-line therapy in NSCLC with BM has some efficacy."	( [Paclitaxel and cisplatin combined with etoposide chemotherapy in non-small cell lung cancer with brain metastases]. Chen, LK; Liang, Y; Liu, JL; Xu, GC; Yang, QY; Zhang, LN, 2004)	0.86
" We examined the cytotoxic effects of imatinib in combination with other anticancer agents in the human prostate cancer cell lines LNCaP, PC-3, and DU 145."	( In vitro cytotoxic effects of imatinib in combination with anticancer drugs in human prostate cancer cell lines. Battistel, C; Hartung, R; Kübler, HR; Lehmer, A; Paul, R; Treiber, U; van Randenborgh, H; Wagenpfeil, S; Wutzler, S, 2005)	0.33
" In combination with etoposide imatinib produced additive effects in two of three cell lines."	( In vitro cytotoxic effects of imatinib in combination with anticancer drugs in human prostate cancer cell lines. Battistel, C; Hartung, R; Kübler, HR; Lehmer, A; Paul, R; Treiber, U; van Randenborgh, H; Wagenpfeil, S; Wutzler, S, 2005)	0.65
"The study led to the following conclusions: (1) LSCLC patients tolerate HART at 56 Gy in 40 fractions over 4 weeks combined with 6 cycles of EP chemotherapy."	( Cisplatin/etoposide chemotherapy combined with twice daily thoracic radiotherapy for limited small-cell lung cancer: a clinical phase II trial. Chen, GY; Fu, XL; Jiang, GL; Qian, H; Wang, LJ; Wu, KL; Yang, H; Zhao, S, 2005)	0.73
" The authors used combination of lower doses of both cisplatin and carboplatin combined with etoposide (VP-16) to minimize side effects of these agents."	( Double-platinum chemotherapy combined with etoposide in metastatic brain tumor from small cell lung carcinoma. Nakayama, H; Takahashi, H; Teramoto, A; Yamada, S; Yamada, SM, 2005)	0.81
"To determine the response rate, progression-free survival and overall survival, and toxicity of paclitaxel, etoposide, and cisplatin combined with accelerated hyperfractionated thoracic radiotherapy in patients with limited-disease (LD) small-cell lung cancer (SCLC)."	( Study of paclitaxel, etoposide, and cisplatin chemotherapy combined with twice-daily thoracic radiotherapy for patients with limited-stage small-cell lung cancer: a Radiation Therapy Oncology Group 9609 phase II study. Abrams, RA; Berkey, BA; Byhardt, RW; Curran, WJ; Duncan, PJ; Ettinger, DS; Fontanesi, J; Machtay, M; Movsas, B, 2005)	0.86
"Although this therapeutic regimen is effective in the treatment of patients with LD-SCLC, it is unlikely that the three-drug combination with thoracic radiation therapy will improve the survival times compared with the etoposide plus cisplatin chemotherapy regimen with thoracic radiation therapy in LD-SCLC patients."	( Study of paclitaxel, etoposide, and cisplatin chemotherapy combined with twice-daily thoracic radiotherapy for patients with limited-stage small-cell lung cancer: a Radiation Therapy Oncology Group 9609 phase II study. Abrams, RA; Berkey, BA; Byhardt, RW; Curran, WJ; Duncan, PJ; Ettinger, DS; Fontanesi, J; Machtay, M; Movsas, B, 2005)	0.83
" In this study, the efficacy of lintuzumab in combination with induction chemotherapy was compared with chemotherapy alone in adults with first relapsed or primary refractory acute myeloid leukemia (AML)."	( Phase III randomized multicenter study of a humanized anti-CD33 monoclonal antibody, lintuzumab, in combination with chemotherapy, versus chemotherapy alone in patients with refractory or first-relapsed acute myeloid leukemia. Brandwein, J; Brown, R; Chopra, R; De Angelo, D; Ehmann, WC; Feldman, EJ; Frankel, SR; Jurcic, JC; Kalaycio, M; Miller, C; Moore, J; O'Connor, J; Roboz, GJ; Scheinberg, D; Schulman, P; Stone, R; Wedel, N, 2005)	0.33
"Patients with relapsed or primary resistant AML (duration of first response, zero to 12 months) were randomly assigned to receive either mitoxantrone 8 mg/m(2), etoposide 80 mg/m(2), and cytarabine 1 g/m(2) daily for 6 days (MEC) in combination with lintuzumab 12 mg/m(2), or MEC alone."	( Phase III randomized multicenter study of a humanized anti-CD33 monoclonal antibody, lintuzumab, in combination with chemotherapy, versus chemotherapy alone in patients with refractory or first-relapsed acute myeloid leukemia. Brandwein, J; Brown, R; Chopra, R; De Angelo, D; Ehmann, WC; Feldman, EJ; Frankel, SR; Jurcic, JC; Kalaycio, M; Miller, C; Moore, J; O'Connor, J; Roboz, GJ; Scheinberg, D; Schulman, P; Stone, R; Wedel, N, 2005)	0.52
"High-dose cisplatin combined with etoposide and bleomycin (HDPEB) improves event-free survival (EFS) in advanced pediatric germ-cell tumors (PGCT), but has significant ototoxicity."	( Amifostine does not protect against the ototoxicity of high-dose cisplatin combined with etoposide and bleomycin in pediatric germ-cell tumors: a Children's Oncology Group study. Billmire, DF; Chang, KW; Davis, MM; Frazier, AL; Giller, R; Lauer, SJ; London, WB; Malogolowkin, M; Marina, N; Olson, TA; Perlman, EJ; Rescorla, F; Womer, RB, 2005)	0.83
"We conducted a phase 1/2 trial of high-dose 90Y-ibritumomab tiuxetan in combination with high-dose etoposide (VP-16) 40 to 60 mg/kg (day -4) and cyclophosphamide 100 mg/kg (day -2) followed by autologous stem cell transplantation (ASCT) in 31 patients with CD20+ non-Hodgkin lymphoma (NHL)."	( A phase 1/2 trial of high-dose yttrium-90-ibritumomab tiuxetan in combination with high-dose etoposide and cyclophosphamide followed by autologous stem cell transplantation in patients with poor-risk or relapsed non-Hodgkin lymphoma. Anderson, AL; Dagis, A; Falk, P; Forman, S; Fung, H; Kirschbaum, M; Kogut, N; Krishnan, A; Kwok, C; Molina, A; Nademanee, A; Nakamura, R; O'donnell, M; Parker, P; Popplewell, L; Pullarkat, V; Raubitschek, A; Rodriguez, R; Sahebi, F; Smith, D; Smith, E; Snyder, D; Spielberger, R; Stein, A; White, C; Yamauchi, D; Zain, J, 2005)	0.76
" This phase II study investigated the efficacy and safety of topotecan in combination with either cisplatin or etoposide in untreated extensive disease SCLC (ED SCLC)."	( A randomised phase II study of the efficacy and safety of intravenous topotecan in combination with either cisplatin or etoposide in patients with untreated extensive disease small-cell lung cancer. Breton, JL; Cardenal, F; Gervais, R; Lymboura, M; Mattson, K; Preston, A; Quoix, E; Ross, G; Schramel, F; Wilson, J, 2005)	0.75
" This phase I study of oral BAY was conducted to evaluate the safety and pharmacokinetics of BAY when administered in combination with etoposide (VP-16) or in combination with VP-16 and carboplatin (CBDCA) in subjects with advanced cancer."	( A phase I and pharmacokinetic study of the selective, non-peptidic inhibitor of matrix metalloproteinase BAY 12-9566 in combination with etoposide and carboplatin. Alberts, SR; Erlichman, C; Furth, A; Lathia, CD; Molina, JR; Reid, JM; Safgren, SL; Sloan, JA, 2005)	0.73
" The purpose of this Phase I trial was to determine the maximally tolerated systemic exposure (MTSE) of topotecan in combination with carboplatin and etoposide."	( A phase I trial defining the maximum tolerated systemic exposure of topotecan in combination with Carboplatin and Etoposide in extensive stage small cell lung cancer. Donahue, A; Faucette, S; Gillenwater, HH; Kirstein, MN; Lindley, C; McCune, JS; Moore, D; Shord, S; Socinski, MA; Stewart, CF; Zamboni, WC, 2005)	0.74
"Thirty-four chemotherapy-naïve ES-SCLC patients received topotecan in combination with carboplatin AUC 5 mg/mL*min and oral etoposide 100 mg/m2/day."	( A phase I trial defining the maximum tolerated systemic exposure of topotecan in combination with Carboplatin and Etoposide in extensive stage small cell lung cancer. Donahue, A; Faucette, S; Gillenwater, HH; Kirstein, MN; Lindley, C; McCune, JS; Moore, D; Shord, S; Socinski, MA; Stewart, CF; Zamboni, WC, 2005)	0.75
" It is possible that lamivudine combined with chemotherapy may have had a therapeutic effect on ATL in this case."	( [Development of acute type, CD 8 positive adult T-cell leukemia in a carrier of hepatitis B virus--possible therapeutic effect of lamivudine combined with chemotherapy]. Hasegawa, H; Miyagi, T; Nagasaki, A; Nakachi, S; Shinzato, O; Taira, N; Takasu, N; Tomoyose, T, 2006)	0.33
" We hypothesized that the inhibitor effect of Ro 28-2653 on the tumor growth could be improved by combination with chemotherapeutic drugs and examined therefore the effect of Ro 28-2653 alone and in combination with etoposide or estramustine in the MatLyLu Dunning R-3327 rat tumor model characteristic for the androgen-independent prostate cancer (PCa)."	( Enhanced inhibitory effect of the matrix metalloproteinase inhibitor Ro 28-2653 in combination with estramustine and etoposide on the prostate carcinoma in the rat Dunning orthotopic tumor model. Abramjuk, C; Jung, K; Krell, HW; Lein, M; Loening, SA; Rothaug, W, 2007)	0.73
"The proliferation rate was only inhibited by etoposide while that effect was increased in combination with Ro 28-2653 and estramustine."	( Enhanced inhibitory effect of the matrix metalloproteinase inhibitor Ro 28-2653 in combination with estramustine and etoposide on the prostate carcinoma in the rat Dunning orthotopic tumor model. Abramjuk, C; Jung, K; Krell, HW; Lein, M; Loening, SA; Rothaug, W, 2007)	0.81
" Because of its wide spectrum of actions, it is reasonable to consider the combination with other anticancer drugs in clinical application."	( Cytotoxic effects of histone deacetylase inhibitor FK228 (depsipeptide, formally named FR901228) in combination with conventional anti-leukemia/lymphoma agents against human leukemia/lymphoma cell lines. Akutsu, M; Furukawa, Y; Izumi, T; Kano, Y; Kobayashi, H; Mano, H; Tsunoda, S, 2007)	0.34
"To investigate the immunoregulation and short-term therapeutic effects of super-selective intra-arterial chemotherapy combined with Fuzheng Kang'ai Granules, a compound Chinese herbal medicine, on patients with late gastric cancer."	( [Immunoregulation and short-term therapeutic effects of super-selective intra-arterial chemotherapy combined with traditional Chinese drugs on gastric cancer patients]. Fang, C; Song, MQ; Sun, Q; Wang, L; Zhu, JS; Zhu, L, 2006)	0.33
"The super-selective intra-arterial chemotherapy combined with Fuzheng Kang'ai Granules has good short-term therapeutic efficiency and few side effects for patients with late gastric antrum cancer."	( [Immunoregulation and short-term therapeutic effects of super-selective intra-arterial chemotherapy combined with traditional Chinese drugs on gastric cancer patients]. Fang, C; Song, MQ; Sun, Q; Wang, L; Zhu, JS; Zhu, L, 2006)	0.33
"The effect of gemtuzumab ozogamicin (GO) alone, or combined with low-dose cytarabine or etoposide, on the proliferation of acute myeloid leukaemia blast cells in vitro was investigated."	( Effect of gemtuzumab ozogamicin on acute myeloid leukemia blast cells in vitro, as a single agent and combined with other cytotoxic cells. Adams, JA; Liu, JA; Morris, KL, 2006)	0.56
" We performed a phase I dose-escalation study of cytarabine combined with fixed doses of vinorelbine, paclitaxel, etoposide and cisplatin (VTEPA) for patients with relapsed/refractory lymphoma."	( Results of a clinical phase I dose-escalation study of cytarabine in combination with fixed-dose vinorelbine, paclitaxel, etoposide and cisplatin for the treatment of relapsed/refractory lymphoma. Arellano, M; Flowers, C; Heffner, LT; Hutcherson, D; Jo Lechowicz, M; Langston, A; Lonial, S; Waller, EK; Winton, E, 2006)	0.75
" This was the first case of esophageal small cell carcinoma treated by EMR combined with chemoradiotherapy."	( [Superficial small cell carcinoma of esophagus treated by endoscopic mucosal resection combined with chemoradiotherapy--a case report]. Hashimoto, T; Izumi, Y; Kato, T; Kawada, K; Miura, A; Momma, K; Oota, M, 2007)	0.34
" Although drug-enzyme contacts, as opposed to drug-DNA interactions, mediate the entry of etoposide into the topoisomerase II-drug-DNA complex, the substituents on etoposide that interact with the enzyme have not been identified."	( Topoisomerase II - drug interaction domains: identification of substituents on etoposide that interact with the enzyme. Anklin, C; Bender, RP; Berkowitz, DB; Choi, S; Godfrey, M; Graves, DE; Osheroff, N; Wilstermann, AM, 2007)	0.79
"To study the effects of two specific cyclooxygenase inhibitors (SCI), rofecoxib and celecoxib, combined with chemotherapeutic drugs 5-Fu, DDP and VP-16 on gastric cancer cell line BGC-823, and to evaluate whether specific cyclooxygenase inhibitors can be used as a synergetic agent in chemotherapy."	( [Antitumor effects of specific cyclooxygenase inhibitors combined with chemotherapeutic agents on gastric cancer cells in vitro]. Chen, XM; Feng, JX; Wang, YJ; Zhang, X; Zhu, FS, 2007)	0.34
"Both rofecoxib and celecoxib have an ability to suppress gastric cancer cells in vitro, and the synergetic role becomes evident when rofecoxib and celecoxib are combined with chemotherapeutic agents at different concentrations, which indicate that the two specific cyclooxygenase inhibitors may be used as a chemotherapeutic sensitizer."	( [Antitumor effects of specific cyclooxygenase inhibitors combined with chemotherapeutic agents on gastric cancer cells in vitro]. Chen, XM; Feng, JX; Wang, YJ; Zhang, X; Zhu, FS, 2007)	0.34
" Each patient received one cycle of intravenous etoposide (100 mg/m2 daily for 3 days on three consecutive weeks) to document baseline pharmacokinetics, and subsequently the same schedule using a dose of 50 mg/m2 was given combined with PSC 833 given orally every 6h at a starting dose of 4 mg/kg."	( Dose finding study of oral PSC 833 combined with weekly intravenous etoposide in children with relapsed or refractory solid tumours. Berthaud, P; Dick, G; Pein, F; Pinkerton, R; Pritchard-Jones, K; Vassal, G, 2007)	0.83
" We further investigated whether cyclosporin A in combination with VP-16 can induce apoptosis in HTLV-1 infected T cells."	( Cyclosporin A inhibits HTLV-I tax expression and shows anti-tumor effects in combination with VP-16. Akimoto, M; Arima, N; Hamada, H; Horai, S; Kawada, H; Matsushita, K; Ozaki, A; Tanaka, Y; Tei, C; Uozumi, K, 2007)	0.34
" Chemoimmunotherapy is an approach to treat cancer where chemotherapy is given along with immunotherapy."	( Chemoimmunotherapeutic approach to prolonged survival time in combination with immunization and glutamic Acid derivatives with antitumor activity in tumor-bearing mice. Alam, SM; Basu, S; Jha, T; Maji, T; Roy, DK; Samanta, S, 2007)	0.34
" Many new drugs including targeted therapy are combined with antineoplastic agents safely."	( Bleomycin, etoposide and cisplatin (BEP) combination with concurrent imatinib mesylate (GLEEVEC) in chronic myeloid leukemia (CML) patient with mesenchymal tumor. Alanoğlu, G; Coşkun, HS; Göksu, SS; Sahin, M, 2008)	0.74
" The anti-tumor activities of risedronate in combination with carboplatin, doxorubicin, vincristine or etoposide were assayed with CalcuSyn (Biosoft)."	( Efficacy of the third-generation bisphosphonate risedronate alone and in combination with anticancer drugs against osteosarcoma cell lines. Kawasoe, Y; Komiya, S; Minami, S; Murayama, T; Ueno, Y; Yamashita, Y; Yokouchi, M, )	0.35
" Patients were randomly assigned to receive either 12 courses of the chemotherapy regimen CHVP (cyclophosphamide, adriamycin, etoposide, and prednisolone) plus interferon-alpha2a (CHVP+I arm) over 18 months or 6 courses of the same chemotherapy regimen combined with 6 infusions of 375 mg/m(2) rituximab and interferon for the same time period (R-CHVP+I arm)."	( Rituximab combined with chemotherapy and interferon in follicular lymphoma patients: results of the GELA-GOELAMS FL2000 study. Audhuy, B; Bouabdallah, R; Brice, P; Dartigeas, C; de Guibert, S; Doyen, C; Ferme, C; Feugier, P; Foussard, C; Haioun, C; Mahé, B; Morschhauser, F; Mounier, N; Rossi, JF; Salles, G; Sebban, C; Xerri, L, 2008)	0.55
"This prospective phase II clinical trial evaluated the effects of single-dose mitoxantrone (36 mg/m2 on day 1) in combination with continuous infusion intermediate-dose cytarabine plus etoposide in 25 patients with refractory or early relapsed acute myeloid leukemia (AML)."	( Single-dose mitoxantrone in combination with continuous infusion intermediate-dose cytarabine plus etoposide for treatment of refractory or early relapsed acute myeloid leukemia. Chi, HS; Jang, S; Kang, YA; Kim, DY; Kim, SH; Lee, JH; Lee, KH; Lee, SS; Lee, YS; Lim, SN; Park, CJ; Ryu, SG; Seol, M; Yun, SC, 2009)	0.76
"To evaluate the efficacy of surgical management combined with chemotherapy in the treatment of drug-resistant gestational trophoblastic neoplasm (GTN) patients, and investigate factors influencing the outcome of the surgery combined with chemotherapy."	( [Efficacy of surgical management combined with chemotherapy in the treatment of drug-resistant gestational trophoblastic neoplasm]. Cao, Y; Feng, FZ; Li, L; Wan, XR; Xiang, Y; Yang, XY, 2008)	0.35
"Medical records of 42 patents with drug-resistant GTN who were treated by chemotherapy combined with surgical management at Peking Union Medical College Hospital from Jan 1996 to Jan 2006 were reviewed."	( [Efficacy of surgical management combined with chemotherapy in the treatment of drug-resistant gestational trophoblastic neoplasm]. Cao, Y; Feng, FZ; Li, L; Wan, XR; Xiang, Y; Yang, XY, 2008)	0.35
"Surgical management combined with chemotherapy is effective in the treatment of drug-resistant GTN."	( [Efficacy of surgical management combined with chemotherapy in the treatment of drug-resistant gestational trophoblastic neoplasm]. Cao, Y; Feng, FZ; Li, L; Wan, XR; Xiang, Y; Yang, XY, 2008)	0.35
" Etoposide combined with vorinostat was additive to synergistic, and the synergism became more pronounced when etoposide was given after vorinostat."	( Preclinical studies of vorinostat (suberoylanilide hydroxamic acid) combined with cytosine arabinoside and etoposide for treatment of acute leukemias. Carlton, D; Edelman, MJ; Fang, HB; Gojo, I; Nakanishi, T; Ross, DD; Sausville, EA; Shiozawa, K; Tan, M; Wang, WC, 2009)	1.48
"These findings using two independent methods to assess drug combination effects provide a preclinical rationale for phase I trials of the sequential combination of vorinostat followed by ara-C and etoposide in patients with advanced or refractory leukemias."	( Preclinical studies of vorinostat (suberoylanilide hydroxamic acid) combined with cytosine arabinoside and etoposide for treatment of acute leukemias. Carlton, D; Edelman, MJ; Fang, HB; Gojo, I; Nakanishi, T; Ross, DD; Sausville, EA; Shiozawa, K; Tan, M; Wang, WC, 2009)	0.76
"This oxaliplatin combined with ELF regimen shows good efficacy and acceptable safety in advanced gastric cancer patients."	( [Oxaliplatin combined with ELF regimen in the treatment of patients with advanced gastric cancer]. Lou, F; Pan, HM; Zhu, YH, 2009)	0.35
" We evaluated the efficacy and safety of yttrium-90-ibritumomab tiuxetan ((90)Y-ibritumomab) combined with intravenous busulfan, cyclophosphamide, and etoposide (Bu/Cy/E) followed by ASCT in patients with relapsed or refractory B-cell non-Hodgkin's lymphoma (NHL)."	( Yttrium-90-ibritumomab tiuxetan in combination with intravenous busulfan, cyclophosphamide, and etoposide followed by autologous stem cell transplantation in patients with relapsed or refractory B-cell non-Hodgkin's lymphoma. Choi, YH; Huh, J; Jang, G; Kang, BW; Kim, C; Kim, S; Kim, SW; Kim, WS; Lee, DH; Lee, JS; Lee, SS; Ryu, JS; Suh, C, 2010)	0.78
"To observe the clinical efficacy of Chinese drugs combined with chemotherapy in the treatment of acute myeloid leukemia (AML) and to investigate the prognostic relevance of the main parameters in AML treated with integrative medicine."	( Effect and prognostic analysis of treatment for acute myeloid leukemia using Chinese drugs combined with chemotherapy. Hu, NP; Hu, XM; Li, L; Liu, C; Liu, F; Ma, R; Wang, HZ; Xiao, HY; Xu, YG; Yang, XH; Zhang, SS; Zheng, CM, 2009)	0.35
"To compare the radiological criteria RECIST, WHO, and tumor volume for evaluation of tumor response in patients with soft tissue sarcomas (STS) showing either good or poor pathohistological response to neoadjuvant chemotherapy combined with regional hyperthermia, and to examine the dependence of the findings on the applied thermal dose."	( Comparison of radiological and pathohistological response to neoadjuvant chemotherapy combined with regional hyperthermia (RHT) and study of response dependence on the applied thermal parameters in patients with soft tissue sarcomas (STS). Abdel-Rahman, S; Issels, RD; Lindner, LH; Reiser, MF; Santl, M; Stahl, R; Wang, T, 2009)	0.35
"We have previously shown that inhibition of translation initiation, using the small molecule inhibitor silvestrol, induces apoptosis in a pre-clinical murine lymphoma model when combined with daunorubicin."	( Synergistic effect of inhibiting translation initiation in combination with cytotoxic agents in acute myelogenous leukemia cells. Carrier, M; Cencic, R; Minden, M; Pelletier, J; Porco, JA; Trnkus, A, 2010)	0.36
"Third-generation regimens (MACOP-B [methotrexate/leucovorin (LV)/doxorubicin/cyclophosphamide/vincristine/ prednisone/bleomycin] or VACOP-B [etoposide/LV/doxorubicin/cyclophosphamide/vincristine/prednisone/bleomycin]) in combination with local radiation therapy seem to improve lymphoma-free survival of primary mediastinal large B-cell lymphoma (PMLBCL)."	( Rituximab combined with MACOP-B or VACOP-B and radiation therapy in primary mediastinal large B-cell lymphoma: a retrospective study. Broccoli, A; Brusamolino, E; Cabras, MG; Chiappella, A; Finolezzi, E; Martelli, M; Rossi, A; Salvi, F; Stefoni, V; Zinzani, PL, 2009)	0.55
"To investigate the feasibility and efficacy of rituximab combined with high-dose chemotherapy supported by autologous peripheral blood stem cell transplantation (ASCT) in patients with aggressive B-cell non-Hodgkin lymphoma (NHL)."	( [A prospective multicenter study of rituximab combined with high-dose chemotherapy and autologous peripheral blood stem cell transplantation for aggressive B-cell lymphoma]. Cen, XN; Chen, H; Han, MZ; Han, XH; He, XH; Huang, H; Huang, HQ; Jiang, WQ; Liu, P; Ma, J; Ren, HY; Shen, XM; Shi, YK; Wang, C; Wang, JM; Yang, S; Zhou, SY; Zhu, J, 2009)	0.35
" The aim of this study was to investigate the cytotoxic effects of this agent in combination with conventional antileukemic agents."	( The cytotoxic effects of gemtuzumab ozogamicin (mylotarg) in combination with conventional antileukemic agents by isobologram analysis in vitro. Akutsu, M; Furukawa, Y; Izumi, T; Kano, Y; Mano, H; Miyawaki, S; Tanaka, M; Tsunoda, S; Yazawa, Y, 2009)	0.35
"The cytotoxic effects of GO in combination with antileukemic agents were studied against human CD33 antigen-positive leukemia HL-60, U937, TCC-S and NALM20 cells."	( The cytotoxic effects of gemtuzumab ozogamicin (mylotarg) in combination with conventional antileukemic agents by isobologram analysis in vitro. Akutsu, M; Furukawa, Y; Izumi, T; Kano, Y; Mano, H; Miyawaki, S; Tanaka, M; Tsunoda, S; Yazawa, Y, 2009)	0.35
"To evaluate the effects and the toxicity of the protocol of CDV combined with CiE as pre-operative chemotherapy in childhood stage IV neuroblastoma."	( [Curative effects of the protocol of CDV combined with CiE as pre-operative chemotherapy in high-risk childhood neuroblastoma]. Feng, C; Liu, Y; Tang, SQ; Wang, JW; Yang, G, 2009)	0.35
"The protocol of CDV combined with CiE as pre-operative chemotherapy might be effective in children with stage IV neuroblastoma."	( [Curative effects of the protocol of CDV combined with CiE as pre-operative chemotherapy in high-risk childhood neuroblastoma]. Feng, C; Liu, Y; Tang, SQ; Wang, JW; Yang, G, 2009)	0.35
"We evaluated the feasibility and toxicity of bevacizumab in combination with sequential high-dose (HD) ifosfamide, carboplatin and etoposide refractory to standard chemotherapy in patients with sarcoma and germ cell cancer (GCC)."	( Bevacizumab in combination with sequential high-dose chemotherapy in solid cancer, a feasibility study. Arnold, D; Behlendorf, T; Jordan, K; Kegel, T; Mueller, LP; Schmoll, HJ; Sippel, C; Voigt, W; Wolf, HH, 2010)	0.57
" Brain metastasis was detected in one patient at 7 months after initial therapy and was treated with stereotactic radiotherapy combined with whole brain irradiation."	( Carboplatin and etoposide combined with radiotherapy for limited-stage small-cell esophageal carcinoma: three cases and review of the literature. Atsumi, K; Hirata, H; Honda, H; Isoyama, Y; Matsuura, S; Nomoto, S; Nonoshita, T; Ohga, S; Onishi, K; Shioyama, Y; Terashima, K, 2010)	0.71
"CBDCA and VP-16 in combination with radiotherapy should be considered an important treatment option for SCEC."	( Carboplatin and etoposide combined with radiotherapy for limited-stage small-cell esophageal carcinoma: three cases and review of the literature. Atsumi, K; Hirata, H; Honda, H; Isoyama, Y; Matsuura, S; Nomoto, S; Nonoshita, T; Ohga, S; Onishi, K; Shioyama, Y; Terashima, K, 2010)	0.71
" We treated six patients with recurrent GBM using bevacizumab combined with carboplatin and etoposide chemotherapy (ACE regimen)."	( Carboplatin and etoposide combined with bevacizumab for the treatment of recurrent glioblastoma multiforme. Dupre, S; Francesconi, AB; Hughes, BG; Lickliter, JD; Martin, D; Matos, M; Wyld, DK, 2010)	0.93
"A phase I trial escalating doses of sorafenib in combination with fixed doses of PE (Arm A) or CbP (Arm B) was performed using a 3-patient cohort design to determine the maximum tolerated dose (MTD) and dose-limiting toxicities (DLT); DLT were assessed in the first cycle."	( A phase I trial of sorafenib combined with cisplatin/etoposide or carboplatin/pemetrexed in refractory solid tumor patients. Bernard, S; Chiu, M; Davies, JM; Dees, EC; Dhruva, NS; Hayes, DN; Hilbun, LR; Ivanova, A; Keller, K; Kim, WY; Socinski, MA; Stinchcombe, TE; Walko, CM, 2011)	0.62
"The MTD of sorafenib was 200 mg BID continuously in combination with carboplatin (AUC of 5) and pemetrexed 500 mg/m² every 3 weeks."	( A phase I trial of sorafenib combined with cisplatin/etoposide or carboplatin/pemetrexed in refractory solid tumor patients. Bernard, S; Chiu, M; Davies, JM; Dees, EC; Dhruva, NS; Hayes, DN; Hilbun, LR; Ivanova, A; Keller, K; Kim, WY; Socinski, MA; Stinchcombe, TE; Walko, CM, 2011)	0.62
" Inhibition or induction of P-gp can cause drug-drug interactions and thus influence the effects of P-gp substrate drugs."	( 20(S)-ginsenoside Rh2 noncompetitively inhibits P-glycoprotein in vitro and in vivo: a case for herb-drug interactions. Ai, H; Gu, Y; Hao, G; Li, Y; Peng, Y; Sun, J; Wang, G; Wu, X; Zhang, J; Zhang, X; Zheng, Y; Zhou, F, 2010)	0.36
" This study tested the efficacy of MI-219 against a panel of lung cancer cell lines alone or in combination with MDM2 knockdown, an X-linked inhibitor of apoptosis protein (XIAP) inhibitor, or a chemotherapeutic drug, etoposide."	( Efficacy of MDM2 inhibitor MI-219 against lung cancer cells alone or in combination with MDM2 knockdown, a XIAP inhibitor or etoposide. Sebolt, JT; Sun, Y; Wang, S; Xu, X; Yang, J; Zheng, M, 2010)	0.75
"Superiority of camptothecin regimens over etoposide-both combined with platinum analogs-in extensive disease small cell lung cancer has been a matter of debate with contradictory findings in randomized trials."	( Camptothecins compared with etoposide in combination with platinum analog in extensive stage small cell lung cancer: systematic review with meta-analysis. dos Santos, LV; Lima, CS; Lima, JP; Sasse, AD; Sasse, EC, 2010)	0.92
"Hyper-CVAD (fractionated cyclophosphamide, vincristine, doxorubicin, and dexamethasone combined with cytarabine and methotrexate) is an intense chemotherapy regimen frequently used for hematologic malignancies including mantle cell lymphoma."	( Treatment with hyperfractionated cyclophosphamide, vincristine, doxorubicin, and dexamethasone combined with cytarabine and methotrexate results in poor mobilization of peripheral blood stem cells in patients with mantle cell lymphoma. Andresen, S; Bolwell, BJ; Copelan, E; Dean, R; Hill, BT; Kalaycio, M; Pohlman, B; Rybicki, L; Smith, S; Sobecks, R; Sweetenham, J; Tench, S, 2011)	0.37
"To assess the efficacy of a multiagent taxane-based chemotherapy combined with hormonal therapy in men with metastatic androgen-dependent prostate cancer in a multicenter, cooperative group, single-arm trial."	( Phase II evaluation of early oral estramustine, oral etoposide, and intravenous paclitaxel combined with hormonal therapy in patients with high-risk metastatic prostate adenocarcinoma: Southwest Oncology Group S0032. Golshayan, A; Harrer, GW; Hussain, MH; Mills, GM; Smith, DC; Tangen, CM; Thompson, IM; Van Veldhuizen, PJ; Vogelzang, NJ, 2011)	0.62
" We evaluated the toxicity of, and response to, a novel induction regimen that included ¹³¹I-MIBG combined with cisplatin, cyclophosphamide, etoposide, vincristine, and doxorubicin."	( Treatment of advanced neuroblastoma in children over 1 year of age: the critical role of ¹³¹I-metaiodobenzylguanidine combined with chemotherapy in a rapid induction regimen. Di Giannatale, A; Mastrangelo, S; Riccardi, R; Rufini, V; Ruggiero, A, 2011)	0.57
"The results of this pilot study show that ¹³¹I-MIBG, in combination with chemotherapy, appears to play an important role in a new and effective induction regimen for advanced NB."	( Treatment of advanced neuroblastoma in children over 1 year of age: the critical role of ¹³¹I-metaiodobenzylguanidine combined with chemotherapy in a rapid induction regimen. Di Giannatale, A; Mastrangelo, S; Riccardi, R; Rufini, V; Ruggiero, A, 2011)	0.37
"The EORTC 08062 phase II randomised trial investigated the activity and safety of single agent amrubicin, cisplatin combined with amrubicin, and cisplatin combined with etoposide as first line treatment in extensive disease (ED) small cell lung cancer (SCLC)."	( Randomised phase II study of amrubicin as single agent or in combination with cisplatin versus cisplatin etoposide as first-line treatment in patients with extensive stage small cell lung cancer - EORTC 08062. Baas, P; Bosquee, L; Bustin, F; Dingemans, AM; Fink, C; Hasan, B; Konopa, K; Lorigan, P; Margerit, S; Marshall, E; O'Brien, ME; Stigt, JA; Van Meerbeeck, J, 2011)	0.78
"This trial determined that it is safe and feasible to include gemtuzumab ozogamicin in combination with intensive chemotherapy."	( AAML03P1, a pilot study of the safety of gemtuzumab ozogamicin in combination with chemotherapy for newly diagnosed childhood acute myeloid leukemia: a report from the Children's Oncology Group. Alonzo, TA; Arceci, RJ; Cooper, TM; Feusner, J; Franklin, J; Gamis, A; Gerbing, RB; Hirsch, B; Hurwitz, C; Iannone, R; Lavey, RS; Mathew, P; Meshinchi, S; Raimondi, SC; Smith, FO, 2012)	0.38
" A phase I trial was conducted to evaluate the safety of obatoclax, a Bcl-2 family inhibitor, given in combination with standard chemotherapy."	( A phase I trial of pan-Bcl-2 antagonist obatoclax administered as a 3-h or a 24-h infusion in combination with carboplatin and etoposide in patients with extensive-stage small cell lung cancer. Berger, MS; Blakely, J; Chiappori, AA; Chu, QS; Moezi, MM; Ross, HJ; Salgia, R; Schnyder, J; Schreeder, MT; Stephenson, JJ; Subramaniam, DS, 2012)	0.58
" Patients were treated with escalating doses of obatoclax, either as a 3- or 24-h infusion, on days 1-3 of a 21-day cycle, in combination with carboplatin (area under the curve 5, day 1 only) and etoposide (100 mg m(-2), days 1-3)."	( A phase I trial of pan-Bcl-2 antagonist obatoclax administered as a 3-h or a 24-h infusion in combination with carboplatin and etoposide in patients with extensive-stage small cell lung cancer. Berger, MS; Blakely, J; Chiappori, AA; Chu, QS; Moezi, MM; Ross, HJ; Salgia, R; Schnyder, J; Schreeder, MT; Stephenson, JJ; Subramaniam, DS, 2012)	0.77
"Although associated with a higher incidence of transient CNS AEs than the 24-h infusion, 3-h obatoclax infusion combined with carboplatin-etoposide was generally well tolerated at doses of 30 mg per day."	( A phase I trial of pan-Bcl-2 antagonist obatoclax administered as a 3-h or a 24-h infusion in combination with carboplatin and etoposide in patients with extensive-stage small cell lung cancer. Berger, MS; Blakely, J; Chiappori, AA; Chu, QS; Moezi, MM; Ross, HJ; Salgia, R; Schnyder, J; Schreeder, MT; Stephenson, JJ; Subramaniam, DS, 2012)	0.79
"The hepatic organic anion transporting polypeptides (OATPs) influence the pharmacokinetics of several drug classes and are involved in many clinical drug-drug interactions."	( Classification of inhibitors of hepatic organic anion transporting polypeptides (OATPs): influence of protein expression on drug-drug interactions. Artursson, P; Haglund, U; Karlgren, M; Kimoto, E; Lai, Y; Norinder, U; Vildhede, A; Wisniewski, JR, 2012)	0.38
"This phase I/IIA study evaluated the maximum-tolerated dose (MTD), safety, and clinical benefit of pomalidomide, an immunomodulatory drug (IMiD), combined with cisplatin+etoposide chemotherapy, in treatment-naive patients with extensive-stage (ES) small-cell lung cancer (SCLC)."	( A phase I study of pomalidomide (CC-4047) in combination with cisplatin and etoposide in patients with extensive-stage small-cell lung cancer. Beck, R; Ellis, PM; Fandi, A; Jungnelius, U; Shepherd, FA; Zhang, J, 2013)	0.81
"To determine the maximum-tolerated dose (MTD) of the histone deacetylase inhibitor vorinostat combined with fixed doses of cytarabine (ara-C or cytosine arabinoside) and etoposide in patients with poor-risk or advanced acute leukemia, to obtain preliminary efficacy data, describe pharmacokinetics, and in vivo pharmacodynamic effects of vorinostat in leukemia blasts."	( Translational phase I trial of vorinostat (suberoylanilide hydroxamic acid) combined with cytarabine and etoposide in patients with relapsed, refractory, or high-risk acute myeloid leukemia. Anyang, BN; Baer, MR; Beumer, JH; Carrier, F; Espinoza-Delgado, I; Fang, HB; Gojo, I; Lapidus, R; Ross, DD; Sadowska, M; Srivastava, RK; Tan, M, 2013)	0.8
"This study sought to determine the maximum tolerated dose (MTD) of oral etoposide in combination with radiotherapy in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC)."	( Phase I trial of oral etoposide in combination with radiotherapy in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma - GORTEC 2004-02. Bardet, E; Bompas, E; Bourhis, J; Daly-Schveitzer, N; Lusinchi, A; Rolland, F; Rosine, D; Tao, Y, 2013)	0.94
" Oral etoposide was administered on five consecutive days every week for 7 weeks (7 treatment cycles) in combination with daily radiotherapy (70 Gy /35 fractions)."	( Phase I trial of oral etoposide in combination with radiotherapy in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma - GORTEC 2004-02. Bardet, E; Bompas, E; Bourhis, J; Daly-Schveitzer, N; Lusinchi, A; Rolland, F; Rosine, D; Tao, Y, 2013)	1.19
" We performed a multi-center phase II trial investigating the safety and efficacy of ofatumumab, a monoclonal antibody against CD20, combined with ICE or DHAP second-line therapy in patients with relapsed or refractory DLBCL, grade 3b follicular lymphoma, or transformed follicular lymphoma."	( Ofatumumab in combination with ICE or DHAP chemotherapy in relapsed or refractory intermediate grade B-cell lymphoma. Czuczman, MS; Edvardsen, K; Fayad, L; Fecteau, D; Fennessy, M; Henkel, K; Jewell, RC; Joyce, R; Kharfan-Dabaja, MA; Liao, Q; Lisby, S; Lossos, IS; Matasar, MJ; Moskowitz, CH; Rodriguez, MA; Shea, TC; Singh, RP; Spitzer, G, 2013)	0.39
" We selected those patients for our study who were receiving treatment with paclitaxel, gemcitabine or etoposide in combination with platinum based drugs."	( Survival analysis in advanced non small cell lung cancer treated with platinum based chemotherapy in combination with paclitaxel, gemcitabine and etoposide. Jamil, K; Naidu Madireddy, UR; Natukula, K; Pingali, UR; Suresh Attili, VS, 2013)	0.8
" In the present analysis, we retrospectively investigated the feasibility and effectiveness of bevacizumab combined with ICE in patients with glioblastoma at second relapse during ICE treatment."	( Retrospective analysis of bevacizumab in combination with ifosfamide, carboplatin, and etoposide in patients with second recurrence of glioblastoma. Arakawa, Y; Fujimoto, K; Kikuchi, T; Kunieda, T; Miyamoto, S; Mizowaki, T; Murata, D; Takagi, Y; Takahashi, JC, 2013)	0.61
" The combination with cisplatin and etoposide resulted in a partially synergistic inhibition of cell proliferation."	( The effect of resveratrol in combination with irradiation and chemotherapy: study using Merkel cell carcinoma cell lines. Bigenzahn, J; Brunner, M; Heiduschka, G; Houben, R; Lill, C; Schmid, R; Seemann, R; Thurnher, D, 2014)	0.68
"Due to its radiosensitizing effect, resveratrol seems to be a promising agent in combination with radiation therapy."	( The effect of resveratrol in combination with irradiation and chemotherapy: study using Merkel cell carcinoma cell lines. Bigenzahn, J; Brunner, M; Heiduschka, G; Houben, R; Lill, C; Schmid, R; Seemann, R; Thurnher, D, 2014)	0.4
"Histone deacetylase inhibitors and bisphosphonates have a promising future in the treatment of cancer as targeted anticancer drugs, particularly when used together or in combination with other cytotoxic agents."	( In vitro antitumor effect of sodium butyrate and zoledronic acid combined with traditional chemotherapeutic drugs: a paradigm of synergistic molecular targeting in the treatment of Ewing sarcoma. Abujamra, AL; Brunetto, AL; de Farias, CB; Dos Santos, MP; Roesler, R, 2014)	0.4
"This phase Ib study aimed to establish the feasible everolimus dose given with standard-dose etoposide plus cisplatin (EP) for extensive-stage small-cell lung cancer (SCLC)."	( A phase Ib dose-escalation study of everolimus combined with cisplatin and etoposide as first-line therapy in patients with extensive-stage small-cell lung cancer. Beck, JT; Besse, B; Camidge, DR; Dimitrijevic, S; Heist, RS; Johnson, BE; Miller, N; Mulatero, C; Papadmitrakopoulou, VA; Petrovic, K; Pylvaenaeinen, I; Schmid, P; Urva, S, 2014)	0.85
"An adaptive Bayesian dose-escalation model and investigator opinion were used to identify feasible daily or weekly everolimus doses given with EP in adults with treatment-naive extensive-stage SCLC."	( A phase Ib dose-escalation study of everolimus combined with cisplatin and etoposide as first-line therapy in patients with extensive-stage small-cell lung cancer. Beck, JT; Besse, B; Camidge, DR; Dimitrijevic, S; Heist, RS; Johnson, BE; Miller, N; Mulatero, C; Papadmitrakopoulou, VA; Petrovic, K; Pylvaenaeinen, I; Schmid, P; Urva, S, 2014)	0.63
"5 mg/day plus G-CSF was the only feasible dose given with standard-dose EP in untreated extensive-stage SCLC."	( A phase Ib dose-escalation study of everolimus combined with cisplatin and etoposide as first-line therapy in patients with extensive-stage small-cell lung cancer. Beck, JT; Besse, B; Camidge, DR; Dimitrijevic, S; Heist, RS; Johnson, BE; Miller, N; Mulatero, C; Papadmitrakopoulou, VA; Petrovic, K; Pylvaenaeinen, I; Schmid, P; Urva, S, 2014)	0.63
" Two dose levels of dalotuzumab (DL1 5 mg/kg, DL2 10mg/kg IV weekly) were evaluated in combination with cisplatin (25 mg/m²) and etoposide (100 mg/m²) IV D1-3, every 21 days, for patients with chemotherapy-naive extensive-stage small-cell lung cancer."	( NCIC CTG IND.190 phase I trial of dalotuzumab (MK-0646) in combination with cisplatin and etoposide in extensive-stage small-cell lung cancer. Bradbury, PA; Ellis, PM; Goss, GD; Laurie, SA; Olivo, M; Powers, J; Seymour, L; Shepherd, FA, 2014)	0.83
"This Phase 2 study tested the tolerability and efficacy of bortezomib combined with reinduction chemotherapy for pediatric patients with relapsed, refractory or secondary acute myeloid leukemia (AML)."	( A Phase 2 study of bortezomib combined with either idarubicin/cytarabine or cytarabine/etoposide in children with relapsed, refractory or secondary acute myeloid leukemia: a report from the Children's Oncology Group. Adlard, K; Alonzo, TA; Ballard, J; Gamis, AS; Gerbing, RB; Horton, TM; Howard, DS; Jenkins, G; Kelder, A; Moscow, JA; Perentesis, JP; Schuurhuis, GJ; Smith, FO, 2014)	0.63
"Patients with <400 mg/m(2) prior anthracycline received bortezomib combined with idarubicin (12 mg/m(2) days 1-3) and low-dose cytarabine (100 mg/m(2) days 1-7) (Arm A)."	( A Phase 2 study of bortezomib combined with either idarubicin/cytarabine or cytarabine/etoposide in children with relapsed, refractory or secondary acute myeloid leukemia: a report from the Children's Oncology Group. Adlard, K; Alonzo, TA; Ballard, J; Gamis, AS; Gerbing, RB; Horton, TM; Howard, DS; Jenkins, G; Kelder, A; Moscow, JA; Perentesis, JP; Schuurhuis, GJ; Smith, FO, 2014)	0.63
" Here, we propose a novel strategy for correcting MEs in various biofluids using a postcolumn infused-internal standard (PCI-IS) method in combination with matrix normalization factors (MNFs)."	( Quantification of target analytes in various biofluids using a postcolumn infused-internal standard method combined with matrix normalization factors in liquid chromatography-electrospray ionization mass spectrometry. Chen, GY; Kuo, CH; Liao, HW; Lin, CH; Lu, YS; Tsai, IL, 2014)	0.4
" The patient achieved a complete response (CR) after treatment with oral low-dose sobuzoxane and etoposide combined with rituximab."	( [Successful treatment with oral low-dose sobuzoxane and etoposide combined with rituximab in an elderly patient with HHV-8-negative primary effusion lymphoma-like lymphoma]. Abe, Y; Choi, I; Haji, S; Kiyasu, J; Ohshima, K; Suehiro, Y; Toyoda, K; Tsuda, M; Uike, N, 2014)	0.87
"To explore the clinical efficacy and prognostic factors of chemoreduction combined with topical treatment of advanced intraocular retinoblastoma (RB)."	( Clinical efficacy and prognostic factors of chemoreduction combined with topical treatment for advanced intraocular retinoblastoma. Liu, F; Liu, Y; Wang, KL; Zhang, X, 2014)	0.4
"A total of 22 eyes from 17 children with RB were selected for the study and treated with chemoreduction combined with topical cryotherapy, transpupillary thermotherapy (TTT) or episcleral plaque brachytherapy."	( Clinical efficacy and prognostic factors of chemoreduction combined with topical treatment for advanced intraocular retinoblastoma. Liu, F; Liu, Y; Wang, KL; Zhang, X, 2014)	0.4
"8 courses on average); 17 eyes from 13 children were treated by chemoreduction combined with cryotherapy or TTT and 5 eyes from 4 children with chemoreduction combined with 125I episcleral plaque brachytherapy."	( Clinical efficacy and prognostic factors of chemoreduction combined with topical treatment for advanced intraocular retinoblastoma. Liu, F; Liu, Y; Wang, KL; Zhang, X, 2014)	0.4
"Chemoreduction combined with topical therapy can effectively control RB in the short term, and tumor basal diameter before treatment is an independent risk factor for prognosis."	( Clinical efficacy and prognostic factors of chemoreduction combined with topical treatment for advanced intraocular retinoblastoma. Liu, F; Liu, Y; Wang, KL; Zhang, X, 2014)	0.4
"To assess the safety of Brucea javanica and Cantharidin combined with chemotherapy in treating patients with non-small-cell lung carcinoma."	( Safety of Brucea javanica and cantharidin combined with chemotherapy for treatment of NSCLC patients. Huang, XE; Ji, ZQ; Liu, J; Tang, JH; Wang, L; Wu, XY, 2014)	0.4
"A consecutive cohort of patients with NSCLC were divided into four groups: experimental group A treated with Brucea javanica injection combined with chemotherapy; experimental group B with Cantharidin injection combined with chemotherapy; experimental group C treated with Brucea javanica and Cantharidin injection combined with chemotherapy; and the control group receiving only chemotherapy."	( Safety of Brucea javanica and cantharidin combined with chemotherapy for treatment of NSCLC patients. Huang, XE; Ji, ZQ; Liu, J; Tang, JH; Wang, L; Wu, XY, 2014)	0.4
"Brucea javanica or Cantharidin combined with chemotherapy could in both cases improve quality of life in our cohort of NSCLC patients without any increase in toxicity."	( Safety of Brucea javanica and cantharidin combined with chemotherapy for treatment of NSCLC patients. Huang, XE; Ji, ZQ; Liu, J; Tang, JH; Wang, L; Wu, XY, 2014)	0.4
" The aim of the study presented here was to analyze the effects of a pharmacological inhibition of EZH2 alone and in combination with other anticancer drugs on RTs cells in vitro."	( Analysis of the antiproliferative effects of 3-deazaneoplanocin A in combination with standard anticancer agents in rhabdoid tumor cell lines. Borchardt, C; Clemens, D; Dirksen, U; Frühwald, MC; Kool, M; Unland, R, 2015)	0.42
" In this study, we evaluated the cytotoxic effect of curcumin alone and in combination with individual drugs like carboplatin, etoposide, or vincristine in a human retinoblastoma (RB) cancer cell line."	( Synergistic Effect of Curcumin in Combination with Anticancer Agents in Human Retinoblastoma Cancer Cell Lines. Krishnakumar, S; Sreenivasan, S, 2015)	0.62
"A drug-drug interaction was analyzed using the median effect/isobologram method and combination index values were used to characterize the interaction as synergistic or additive."	( Synergistic Effect of Curcumin in Combination with Anticancer Agents in Human Retinoblastoma Cancer Cell Lines. Krishnakumar, S; Sreenivasan, S, 2015)	0.42
"Eligible patients were scheduled to receive bevacizumab combined with etoposide and cisplatin (BEEP) every 3 weeks for a maximum of 6 cycles or until unacceptable toxicity."	( A pilot study of bevacizumab combined with etoposide and cisplatin in breast cancer patients with leptomeningeal carcinomatosis. Chen, WW; Cheng, AL; Huang, SM; Kuo, CH; Liao, HW; Lin, CH; Lu, YS; Wu, PF; Yeh, DC, 2015)	0.91
"The study employed the 3+3 dose escalation design to establish the safety and recommended phase 2 dose (RP2D) of V when combined with fixed doses of C (75 mg/m(2) on day 1) and E (100mg/m(2) on days 1-3) in a 21-day cycle."	( A phase 1 safety study of veliparib combined with cisplatin and etoposide in extensive stage small cell lung cancer: A trial of the ECOG-ACRIN Cancer Research Group (E2511). Aggarwal, C; Belani, CP; Dahlberg, SE; Dowell, J; Gerber, DE; Hann, CL; Khan, SA; Moss, RA; Owonikoko, TK; Ramalingam, SS, 2015)	0.66
" Veliparib at 100mg in combination with standard doses of C and E was established as the RP2D."	( A phase 1 safety study of veliparib combined with cisplatin and etoposide in extensive stage small cell lung cancer: A trial of the ECOG-ACRIN Cancer Research Group (E2511). Aggarwal, C; Belani, CP; Dahlberg, SE; Dowell, J; Gerber, DE; Hann, CL; Khan, SA; Moss, RA; Owonikoko, TK; Ramalingam, SS, 2015)	0.66
"To assess the technical safety, adverse events, and efficacy of computed tomography (CT)-guided interstitial high-dose-rate (HDR) brachytherapy in combination with regional positive lymph node intensity modulated radiation therapy in patients with locally advanced peripheral non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC)."	( Computed Tomography-Guided Interstitial High-Dose-Rate Brachytherapy in Combination With Regional Positive Lymph Node Intensity-Modulated Radiation Therapy in Locally Advanced Peripheral Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer: A Phase 1 Clinical Trial. Chen, Y; He, HL; He, LJ; Lin, S; Luo, HQ; Pang, HW; Ren, PR; Shang, CL; Wen, QL; Wu, JB; Xiang, L; Yang, B; Yang, HR; Zhang, JW, 2015)	0.42
"To investigate the efficacy and safety of Rituximab combined with second line regimen for treatment of relapsed and refractory Hodgkin lymphoma."	( [Rituximab combined with second line regimens for treatment of seven relapsed and refractory Hodgkin lymphoma patients]. Li, H; Liu, H; Qiu, L; Xiong, W; Yi, S; Zou, D, 2015)	0.42
"Seven patients with relapsed and refractory Hodgkin lymphoma were treated with Rituximab combined with second line regimen."	( [Rituximab combined with second line regimens for treatment of seven relapsed and refractory Hodgkin lymphoma patients]. Li, H; Liu, H; Qiu, L; Xiong, W; Yi, S; Zou, D, 2015)	0.42
"These results indicate that the Rituximab combined with second line regimen is an effective therapy for relapsed and refractory Hodgkin lymphoma."	( [Rituximab combined with second line regimens for treatment of seven relapsed and refractory Hodgkin lymphoma patients]. Li, H; Liu, H; Qiu, L; Xiong, W; Yi, S; Zou, D, 2015)	0.42
" The aim of this study was to assess the efficacy and safety of ifosfamide in combination with carboplatin and etoposide (ICE) in previously untreated patients with SCLC."	( Efficacy and safety of ifosfamide in combination with carboplatin and etoposide in small cell lung cancer. Koo, DH; Lee, HS; Lee, SS; Lee, YG; Lim, SY; Nam, H; Oh, S; Song, JU, 2015)	0.86
" We conducted a phase 1b trial to determine the maximum tolerated dose (MTD) of lenalidomide in combination with R-ESHAP (rituximab, etoposide, cisplatin, cytarabine, methylprednisolone) (LR-ESHAP) in patients with relapsed or refractory DLBCL."	( Lenalidomide in combination with R-ESHAP in patients with relapsed or refractory diffuse large B-cell lymphoma: a phase 1b study from GELTAMO group. Caballero, D; Canales, M; Dlouhy, I; González-Barca, E; López-Guillermo, A; Martín, A; Montes-Moreno, S; Ocio, EM; Redondo, AM; Salar, A, 2016)	0.64
"The ability of Tetra-O-methyl nordihydroguaiaretic acid (M4N) to induce rapid cell death in combination with Etoposide, Rapamycin, or UCN-01 was examined in LNCaP cells, both in cell culture and animal experiments."	( Tetra-O-Methyl Nordihydroguaiaretic Acid Broadly Suppresses Cancer Metabolism and Synergistically Induces Strong Anticancer Activity in Combination with Etoposide, Rapamycin and UCN-01. Huang, RC; Kimura, K, 2016)	0.84
"To investigate the clinical efficacy and safety between CHOPE regimen alone and it combined with thalidomide for relapsed and refractory non-Hodgkin's lymphoma."	( [Clinical Efficacy Comparison between CHOPE Regimen alone and It Combined with Thalidomide for Relapsed and Refractory Non-Hodgkin's Lymphoma]. Yang, YZ, 2016)	0.43
"Compared with CHOPE regimen alone, CHOPE regimen combined with thalidomide for relapsed and refractory non-Hodgkin's lymphoma can efficiently delay the disease progression, reduce tumor burden level, enhance the long-term survival rate, morever did not increase the risk of toxic side effects."	( [Clinical Efficacy Comparison between CHOPE Regimen alone and It Combined with Thalidomide for Relapsed and Refractory Non-Hodgkin's Lymphoma]. Yang, YZ, 2016)	0.43
"Patients with newly diagnosed extensive-stage small cell lung cancer (SCLC-ED) were randomized to receive four 21-day cycles of cisplatin and etoposide alone (cisplatin at 75 mg/m(2) on day 1 and etoposide at 100 mg/m(2) on days 1-3; arm A) or in combination with either vismodegib (150 mg/d by mouth; arm B) or cixutumumab (6 mg/kg/wk intravenously on day 1; arm C)."	( Vismodegib or cixutumumab in combination with standard chemotherapy for patients with extensive-stage small cell lung cancer: A trial of the ECOG-ACRIN Cancer Research Group (E1508). Belani, CP; Chen, HX; Dahlberg, SE; Fleisher, M; Hann, CL; Monga, M; Ramalingam, SS; Rudin, CM; Schiller, JH; Shanks, JC; Sturtz, K; Takebe, N; Tester, WJ; Velasco, MR, 2016)	0.64
"Our aim was to evaluate the safety and efficacy of ipilimumab combined with standard first-line chemotherapy for patients with extensive-stage SCLC."	( Outcome and Biomarker Analysis from a Multicenter Phase 2 Study of Ipilimumab in Combination with Carboplatin and Etoposide as First-Line Therapy for Extensive-Stage SCLC. Arriola, E; Cave, J; Cross, N; Danson, S; Galea, I; Geldart, T; Griffiths, R; Hamid, D; Maishman, T; Mulatero, C; Nolan, L; Ottensmeier, C; Potter, V; Stanton, L; Wheater, M; Woll, PJ, 2016)	0.64
"Ipilimumab in combination with carboplatin and etoposide might benefit a subgroup of patients with advanced SCLC."	( Outcome and Biomarker Analysis from a Multicenter Phase 2 Study of Ipilimumab in Combination with Carboplatin and Etoposide as First-Line Therapy for Extensive-Stage SCLC. Arriola, E; Cave, J; Cross, N; Danson, S; Galea, I; Geldart, T; Griffiths, R; Hamid, D; Maishman, T; Mulatero, C; Nolan, L; Ottensmeier, C; Potter, V; Stanton, L; Wheater, M; Woll, PJ, 2016)	0.9
" We performed a phase I study to determine the maximum tolerated dose (MTD) of sonidegib (LDE225), a selective, oral Smoothened antagonist, in combination with etoposide/cisplatin in newly diagnosed patients with extensive stage SCLC."	( A phase I trial of the Hedgehog inhibitor, sonidegib (LDE225), in combination with etoposide and cisplatin for the initial treatment of extensive stage small cell lung cancer. Berger, MF; Fleisher, M; Holodny, AI; Kris, MG; Krug, LM; Litvak, AM; Ng, KK; Pietanza, MC; Rudin, CM; Sima, CS; Teitcher, JB; Varghese, AM; Won, HH; Woo, KM, 2016)	0.86
" 800mg was established as the recommended phase II dose of sonidegib in combination with etoposide/cisplatin."	( A phase I trial of the Hedgehog inhibitor, sonidegib (LDE225), in combination with etoposide and cisplatin for the initial treatment of extensive stage small cell lung cancer. Berger, MF; Fleisher, M; Holodny, AI; Kris, MG; Krug, LM; Litvak, AM; Ng, KK; Pietanza, MC; Rudin, CM; Sima, CS; Teitcher, JB; Varghese, AM; Won, HH; Woo, KM, 2016)	0.88
"Sonidegib 800mg daily was the MTD when administered with EP."	( A phase I trial of the Hedgehog inhibitor, sonidegib (LDE225), in combination with etoposide and cisplatin for the initial treatment of extensive stage small cell lung cancer. Berger, MF; Fleisher, M; Holodny, AI; Kris, MG; Krug, LM; Litvak, AM; Ng, KK; Pietanza, MC; Rudin, CM; Sima, CS; Teitcher, JB; Varghese, AM; Won, HH; Woo, KM, 2016)	0.66
"We treated 4 with a diagnosis of diffuse large B cell lymphoma involving the gastrointestinal tract with rituximab combined with adjusted dose EPOCH (R-DA-EPOCH) scheme based on a comprehensive analysis of the onset process, clinical and pathological features, and prognosis of the patients, and evaluated their treatment response."	( [Rituximab combined with EPOCH regimen for treatment of diffuse large B cell lymphoma of the gastrointestinal tract: analysis of 4 cases]. Guo, YX; Hu, RH; Hui, WH; Su, L; Sun, WL; Wan, SG; Zhao, H, 2016)	0.43
" The present study retrospectively compared the survival outcomes, failure patterns and toxicities between groups of LS-SCLC patients treated with conventionally fractionated thoracic radiotherapy (ConvTRT) or HypoTRT combined with chemotherapy."	( Hypo- or conventionally fractionated radiotherapy combined with chemotherapy in patients with limited stage small cell lung cancer. Fan, M; Fu, XL; Liu, D; Wu, KL; Zhang, J; Zhao, KL; Zhao, WX; Zhu, ZF, 2017)	0.46
"This retrospective analysis demonstrated that HypoTRT or ConvTRT combined with etoposide/platinum chemotherapy yielded statistically similar survival, treatment failure outcomes, and toxicity profiles."	( Hypo- or conventionally fractionated radiotherapy combined with chemotherapy in patients with limited stage small cell lung cancer. Fan, M; Fu, XL; Liu, D; Wu, KL; Zhang, J; Zhao, KL; Zhao, WX; Zhu, ZF, 2017)	0.68
" Therefore, we thought that the "sandwich" mode was worthy of being generalized and LVDP combined with CCRT was an effective protocol for I/II stage ENKTCL."	( A phase II prospective study of the "Sandwich" protocol, L-asparaginase, cisplatin, dexamethasone and etoposide chemotherapy combined with concurrent radiation and cisplatin, in newly diagnosed, I/II stage, nasal type, extranodal natural killer/T-cell lym Deng, YT; Jiang, M; Jiang, Y; Liu, WP; Tian, R; Xie, L; Zhang, H; Zhang, L; Zhang, WY; Zhao, S; Zou, LQ, 2017)	0.67
" A phase 1 trial of plerixafor in combination with intensive chemotherapy in children and young adults with relapsed or refractory acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL), acute myeloid leukemia (AML), and myelodysplastic syndrome (MDS) was performed to determine a tolerable and biologically active dose."	( A phase 1 study of the CXCR4 antagonist plerixafor in combination with high-dose cytarabine and etoposide in children with relapsed or refractory acute leukemias or myelodysplastic syndrome: A Pediatric Oncology Experimental Therapeutics Investigators' Co Absalon, MJ; Ahmed, A; August, K; Baker, SD; Boklan, J; Brown, PA; Cooper, TM; Gore, L; Li, L; Macy, ME; Magoon, D; Narendran, A; Pollard, J; Sison, EAR; Trippett, T, 2017)	0.67
"Plerixafor, in combination with high-dose cytarabine and etoposide, was well tolerated in children and young adults with relapsed/refractory acute leukemias and MDS."	( A phase 1 study of the CXCR4 antagonist plerixafor in combination with high-dose cytarabine and etoposide in children with relapsed or refractory acute leukemias or myelodysplastic syndrome: A Pediatric Oncology Experimental Therapeutics Investigators' Co Absalon, MJ; Ahmed, A; August, K; Baker, SD; Boklan, J; Brown, PA; Cooper, TM; Gore, L; Li, L; Macy, ME; Magoon, D; Narendran, A; Pollard, J; Sison, EAR; Trippett, T, 2017)	0.92
" Beside its inhibition of cell proliferation, GA at non-cytotoxic concentration showed synergistic effect in combination with anti-cancer drug, etoposide(VP-16)."	( The selective effect of glycyrrhizin and glycyrrhetinic acid on topoisomerase IIα and apoptosis in combination with etoposide on triple negative breast cancer MDA-MB-231 cells. Cai, J; Cai, Y; Li, G; Liang, Q; Zhang, Y; Zhao, B, 2017)	0.87
"In this randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled phase 1b/2 study we assessed the efficacy/safety of rilotumumab or ganitumab combined with etoposide and carboplatin or cisplatin as first-line treatment in patients with extensive stage small-cell lung cancer (ES-SCLC)."	( A Randomized, Placebo-Controlled, Phase 1b/2 Study of Rilotumumab or Ganitumab in Combination With Platinum-Based Chemotherapy as First-Line Treatment for Extensive-Stage Small-Cell Lung Cancer. Besse, B; Dols, MC; Dubey, S; Glisson, B; Jain, R; Jiang, Y; Menon, H; Nackaerts, K; Orlov, S; Paz-Ares, L; Ramlau, R; Schupp, M; Tang, R; Zhang, Y; Zhu, M, 2017)	0.66
"The aim of this study was to compare asparaginase-related toxicities in two asparaginase preparations, namely native Escherichia coli L-asparaginase (L-ASP) and pegylated asparaginase (PEG-ASP) in combination with ifosfamide, methotrexate, etoposide, and prednisolone (IMEP) in natural killer (NK)/T-cell lymphoma (NTCL)."	( Comparison of Native Escherichia coli L-Asparaginase versus Pegylated Asparaginase, in Combination with Ifosfamide, Methotrexate, Etoposide, and Prednisolone, in Extranodal NK/T-Cell Lymphoma, Nasal Type. Cho, YS; Heo, DS; Jung, SH; Keam, B; Kim, DW; Kim, HJ; Kim, IH; Kim, M; Kim, TM; Lee, JY; Lee, SH; Ock, CY, 2018)	0.87
"This phase-I/phase-II study evaluated panobinostat in combination with ifosfamide, carboplatin, etoposide (P-ICE) in relapsed/refractory classical Hodgkin lymphoma."	( Phase-I and randomized phase-II trial of panobinostat in combination with ICE (ifosfamide, carboplatin, etoposide) in relapsed or refractory classical Hodgkin lymphoma. Claret, L; Copeland, AR; Fanale, MA; Fayad, LE; Feng, L; Fowler, N; Hagemeister, FB; Hu, B; Nastoupil, LJ; Neelapu, S; Nieto, Y; Oki, Y; Rodriguez, MA; Romaguera, J; Samaniego, F; Turturro, F; Westin, JR; Younes, A, 2018)	0.91
" The cytotoxic effects of etoposide against canine OSA cell lines, either alone or in combination with piroxicam, have been previously demonstrated in vitro."	( Anti-tumour efficacy of etoposide alone and in combination with piroxicam against canine osteosarcoma in a xenograft model. Choisunirachon, N; Kok, MK; Nakagawa, T; Nishimura, R; Ong, SM; Saeki, K; Tanaka, Y; Yoshitake, R, 2017)	1.06
" Case reports and small reviews have evaluated the addition of agents directed against plasma cell disorders in combination with traditional lymphoma-directed regimens."	( Bortezomib in combination with dose-adjusted EPOCH (etoposide, prednisone, vincristine, cyclophosphamide, and doxorubicin) induces long-term survival in patients with plasmablastic lymphoma: a retrospective analysis. Dittus, C; Ellsworth, S; Grover, N; Park, SI; Tan, X, 2018)	0.73
" We conducted a single-center phase 1 study evaluating dose-escalated ibrutinib, in a 3-by-3 design, in combination with rituximab, ifosfamide, carboplatin, and etoposide (R-ICE) in physiologically transplant-eligible rel/ref DLBCL patients."	( A phase 1 study of ibrutinib in combination with R-ICE in patients with relapsed or primary refractory DLBCL. Courtien, AI; Devlin, SM; Drullinsky, P; Gerecitano, J; Kumar, A; Matasar, MJ; McCall, SJ; Miller, ST; Moskowitz, CH; Noy, A; Palomba, ML; Portlock, CS; Sauter, CS; Schoder, H; Straus, DJ; Younes, A; Zelenetz, AD, 2018)	0.68
"Considering the physical condition of patient, the patient underwent surgical resection of the right lung lesion after receiving endostar combined with chemotherapy and maintained endostar alone for 47 cycles."	( Endostar combined with chemotherapy in a pediatric osteosarcoma with pulmonary metastasis and malignant pleural effusion: A case report. Dong, Y; Jiang, S; Wang, G, 2017)	0.46
" Here we demonstrate that this approach can be used to greatly improve the treatment outcomes of etoposide (ETO) and platinum drug combination ("EP/PE") therapy that is the backbone for treatment of prevalent and deadly small cell lung cancer (SCLC)."	( Drug Combination Synergy in Worm-like Polymeric Micelles Improves Treatment Outcome for Small Cell and Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer. Bludau, H; Jordan, R; Kabanov, AV; Keith, A; Min, Y; Sheiko, SS; Sokolsky-Papkov, M; Wan, X; Wang, AZ, 2018)	0.7
" TBI is most frequently administered in combination with either cyclophosphamide (Cy/TBI) or etoposide (Vp/TBI)."	( Cyclophosphamide versus etoposide in combination with total body irradiation as conditioning regimen for adult patients with Ph-negative acute lymphoblastic leukemia undergoing allogeneic stem cell transplant: On behalf of the ALWP of the European Society Aljurf, M; Apperley, J; Bloor, A; Chaganti, S; Czyz, A; Finke, J; Giebel, S; Labopin, M; Michallet, M; Mohty, M; Murray, M; Nagler, A; Orchard, K; Passweg, J; Reményi, P; Socié, G; Stuhler, G; Volin, L; Yakoub-Agha, I, 2018)	1.01
"Anti-angiogenic therapy combined with chemotherapy could improve the outcomes of patients with platinum-resistant ovarian cancer."	( Apatinib combined with oral etoposide in patients with platinum-resistant or platinum-refractory ovarian cancer (AEROC): a phase 2, single-arm, prospective study. Feng, YL; Huang, HQ; Huang, X; Lan, CY; Li, JD; Li, YF; Liu, Q; Shen, JX; Wang, Y; Xiong, Y; Zhang, YN; Zheng, M, 2018)	0.77
"This study examined safety, pharmacokinetics, and efficacy of veliparib, a PARP inhibitor, combined with carboplatin and etoposide in patients with extensive-stage (ED) small cell lung cancer (SCLC) and other solid tumors."	( A Phase I Dose-Escalation Study of Veliparib Combined with Carboplatin and Etoposide in Patients with Extensive-Stage Small Cell Lung Cancer and Other Solid Tumors. Atrafi, F; Byers, LA; Calles, A; Camidge, DR; Chae, YK; Gabrail, NY; Garralda, E; Groen, HJM; He, L; Hoening, E; Hu, B; Komarnitsky, P; Lolkema, MP; Nuthalapati, S; Sangha, RS; Tian, T; Viteri, S, 2019)	0.95
"Thirty-nine patients were enrolled to determine the recommended phase II dose of 240 mg veliparib for 14 days combined with carboplatin and etoposide based on long-term tolerability."	( A Phase I Dose-Escalation Study of Veliparib Combined with Carboplatin and Etoposide in Patients with Extensive-Stage Small Cell Lung Cancer and Other Solid Tumors. Atrafi, F; Byers, LA; Calles, A; Camidge, DR; Chae, YK; Gabrail, NY; Garralda, E; Groen, HJM; He, L; Hoening, E; Hu, B; Komarnitsky, P; Lolkema, MP; Nuthalapati, S; Sangha, RS; Tian, T; Viteri, S, 2019)	0.95
"Roniciclib combined with chemotherapy demonstrated an unfavorable risk-benefit profile in patients with extensive-disease SCLC, and the study was prematurely terminated."	( Phase II Study of Roniciclib in Combination with Cisplatin/Etoposide or Carboplatin/Etoposide as First-Line Therapy in Patients with Extensive-Disease Small Cell Lung Cancer. Albert, I; Barlesi, F; Bidoli, P; Cadranel, J; Chung, J; Drews, U; Fritsch, A; Govindan, R; Horn, L; Juhász, E; Kowalski, D; Novello, S; Reck, M; Robinet, G; Wagner, A, 2019)	0.76
"To provide real-life outcomes of carboplatin combined with oral or intravenous (IV) etoposide (Etop) in advanced EP-PD-NEC, from 2 specialist centres."	( Carboplatin in Combination with Oral or Intravenous Etoposide for Extra-Pulmonary, Poorly-Differentiated Neuroendocrine Carcinomas. Barriuso, J; Fazio, N; Frizziero, M; Hubner, RA; Kordatou, Z; Lamarca, A; Manoharan, P; Mansoor, W; McNamara, MG; Nuttall, C; Spada, F; Valle, JW, 2019)	0.99
" A phase I trial of the second-generation proteasome inhibitor ixazomib in combination with MEC (mitoxantrone, etoposide, and cytarabine) was conducted in patients with R/R AML."	( A Phase I/II Trial of MEC (Mitoxantrone, Etoposide, Cytarabine) in Combination with Ixazomib for Relapsed Refractory Acute Myeloid Leukemia. Advani, AS; Caimi, P; Carew, J; Carraway, H; Chan, R; Cooper, B; de Lima, M; Elson, P; Gerds, A; Hamilton, B; Kalaycio, M; Little, J; Maciejewski, J; Malek, E; Miron, A; Mukherjee, S; Nazha, A; Pink, J; Sekeres, MA; Sobecks, R; Tomlinson, B; Unger, A; Visconte, V; Wei, W, 2019)	0.99
"Topoisomerase II (Topo2) inhibitors in combination with cisplatin represent a common treatment modality used for glioma patients."	( Comparison of the effect of three different topoisomerase II inhibitors combined with cisplatin in human glioblastoma cells sensitized with double strand break repair inhibitors. Galita, G; Kopa, P; Macieja, A; Majsterek, I; Pastwa, E; Poplawski, T, 2019)	0.51
"We report a case of a patient with chronic inflammatory rheumatism, psoriasis and Hashimoto thyroiditis and subsequent appearance of static and dynamic ataxia and episodic memory deficit who was diagnosed as PLE combined with small cell lung cancer (SCLC)."	( The role of 18F-FDG PET/CT in management of paraneoplastic limbic encephalitis combined with small cell lung cancer: A case report. Capoccetti, F; Castagnoli, H; Fattori, S; Manni, C; Marchesani, F; Rossi, G, 2019)	0.51
" For this particular group we evaluated the efficacy and safety of fludarabine, cytarabine, granulocyte colony-stimulating factor (FLAG) in combination with etoposide (FLAG-Eto) in 36 patients."	( Etoposide Combined with FLAG Salvage Therapy Is Effective in Multiple Relapsed/Refractory Acute Myeloid leukemia. Dührsen, U; Flasshove, M; Hanoun, M; Noppeney, R; Schmitz, C; Westhus, J, 2020)	2.2
" M3814 is a DNA-PK inhibitor that has shown preclinical activity in combination with DNA-damaging agents, including radiotherapy and topoisomerase II inhibitors."	( Activity of M3814, an Oral DNA-PK Inhibitor, In Combination with Topoisomerase II Inhibitors in Ovarian Cancer Models. Aghajanian, C; Gordon, S; Grisham, RN; Iyer, GV; Moore, K; Temkin, SM; Wise, HC, 2019)	0.51
" A total of 64 courses of therapy were administered with a median of five courses per patient."	( Treatment of pediatric high-grade central nervous system tumors with high-dose methotrexate in combination with multiagent chemotherapy: A single-institution experience. Alva, E; Bernstock, JD; Blount, J; Chagoya, G; Cohen, JL; Dhall, G; Elsayed, GA; Fiveash, JB; Friedman, GK; Johnston, JM; Li, R; Lobbous, M; Orr, BA; Reddy, AT; Rocque, B; Rozzelle, C, 2020)	0.56
"To determine the maximum tolerated dose, toxicities, and response of sirolimus combined with oral metronomic therapy in pediatric patients with recurrent and refractory solid and brain tumors."	( A phase I study of sirolimus in combination with metronomic therapy (CHOAnome) in children with recurrent or refractory solid and brain tumors. Cash, T; Goldsmith, KC; Katzenstein, HM; Kean, L; MacDonald, TJ; Qayed, M; Suessmuth, Y; Tanos, R; Tighiouart, M; Watkins, B; Wetmore, C, 2020)	0.56
"Finally, the patient was responsive to the orally treatment of anlotinib combined with etoposide."	( Anlotinib combined with etoposide for platinum-resistant recurrent ovarian cancer: A case report. Cai, S; Li, H; Sun, L; Wu, L; Yang, M; Zhang, X; Zhang, Y, 2020)	1.09
"Our case suggests that oral treatment of anlotinib combined with etoposide which is acceptable and convenient, may be an additional option for the management of platinum-resistant ovarian cancer."	( Anlotinib combined with etoposide for platinum-resistant recurrent ovarian cancer: A case report. Cai, S; Li, H; Sun, L; Wu, L; Yang, M; Zhang, X; Zhang, Y, 2020)	1.1
"To explore the efficacy and safety of intra-arterial chemotherapy (IAC) combined with vincristine + etoposide + carboplatin (VEC) intravenous chemotherapy (IVC) in the treatment of advanced retinoblastoma (RB)."	( Intra-arterial chemotherapy combined with VEC intravenous chemotherapy in the treatment of advanced retinoblastoma. Liu, J; Xu, K; Zhang, C, )	0.35
"A total of 86 child patients (98 eyes) newly diagnosed with advanced RB (stage D and E), among whom 42 cases (49 eyes) underwent IVC and IAC combined with local ocular treatment (IVC+IAC group), and 44 cases (49 eyes) were treated with IAC combined with local ocular treatment (IAC group)."	( Intra-arterial chemotherapy combined with VEC intravenous chemotherapy in the treatment of advanced retinoblastoma. Liu, J; Xu, K; Zhang, C, )	0.13
"Ruxolitinib can be combined with chemotherapy in HPS."	( Ruxolitinib combined with doxorubicin, etoposide, and dexamethasone for the treatment of the lymphoma-associated hemophagocytic syndrome. Chen, C; Gao, Y; Guan, Z; Li, M; Liu, Y; Pan, X; Qiu, S; Wang, H; Wen, Z; Yang, S; Yuan, Y; Zeng, W; Zhang, H; Zhou, L; Zhu, Q, 2020)	0.83
" High-dose chemotherapy regimens such as DA-EPOCH should be administered to young patients in combination with rituximab."	( Chidamide combined with ibrutinib improved the prognosis of primary bone marrow diffuse large B cell lymphoma. Chen, Z; Li, Y; Tian, C, 2020)	0.56
"Atezolizumab was the first immune checkpoint inhibitor (ICI) to be introduced as a first-line treatment option for extensive-stage small cell lung cancer (ES-SCLC), in combination with carboplatin and etoposide (CE) chemotherapy."	( Atezolizumab in combination with carboplatin and etoposide for heavily treated small cell lung cancer. Hirose, K; Kataoka, N; Kunimatsu, Y; Ogura, Y; Sato, I; Sugimoto, T; Tachibana, Y; Takeda, T; Tani, N, 2020)	1
"To compare the efficacy and safety of etoposide combined with lobaplatin or cisplatin in the first-line treatment of extensive-stage small cell lung cancer (SCLC)."	( A comparative study on etoposide combined with lobaplatin or cisplatin in the first-line treatment of extensive-stage small cell lung cancer. Chen, H; Huang, Z; Li, S; Liang, Y; Lin, Y; Wu, A; Wu, Y; Yang, Z, )	0.71
" We conducted a phase II study to investigate the efficacy and safety of dose-adjusted (DA)- EPOCH-R (etoposide, prednisone, vincristine, cyclophosphamide, doxorubicin, and rituximab) combined with high-dose methotrexate (HD-MTX) in newly diagnosed patients with CD5+ DLBCL."	( DA-EPOCH-R combined with high-dose methotrexate in patients with newly diagnosed stage II-IV CD5-positive diffuse large B-cell lymphoma: a single-arm, open-label, phase II study. Asano, N; Igarashi, T; Izutsu, K; Katayama, N; Kato, K; Kinoshita, T; Miyawaki, K; Miyazaki, K; Nishikawa, M; Nishikori, M; Nishimura, Y; Ohata, K; Ohshima, K; Okamoto, M; Sakai, R; Sunami, K; Suzumiya, J; Takahashi, N; Tamaru, S; Yamada, T; Yamaguchi, M; Yamamoto, G; Yano, H; Yoshida, I, 2020)	0.77
" Then the patient recovered well after treatment with etoposide combined with ruxolitinib therapy and underwent successful induced-labor operation."	( Etoposide combined with ruxolitinib for refractory hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis during pregnancy: a case report and literature review. Jing, X; Tang, H; Wang, S; Wu, J; Zhang, Y, 2019)	2.21
" We performed a phase I study to determine the safety and maximum tolerated dose (MTD) of selinexor when combined with high-dose dexamethasone, ifosfamide, carboplatin and etoposide (DICE) in relapsed/refractory (R/R) T-cell lymphoma (TCL) and natural-killer/T-cell lymphoma (NKTL)."	( Phase I study of selinexor in combination with dexamethasone, ifosfamide, carboplatin, etoposide chemotherapy in patients with relapsed or refractory peripheral T-cell or natural-killer/T-cell lymphoma Chan, JY; Farid, M; Lim, C; Lim, ST; Martin, P; Poon, E; Somasundaram, N; Tang, T; Tao, M; Toh, SQ; Yan, SX; Yunon, MJ, 2021)	1.04
"To analyze the efficacy of rituximab combined with CHOP/EPOCH regimen for treatment of diffuse large B-cell lymphoma（DLBCL） patients, and to explore the high risk factors of refractory and relapsed patients."	( [Analysis of Relevant Factors of Refractory and Relapse DLBCL Treated by Rituximab Combined with CHOP/EPOCH Regimen]. Chen, BA; Gao, C; Gu, Y; Wu, X; Zhang, J, 2020)	0.56
" The remission rate of DLBCL patients treated by rituximab combined with CHOP/EPOCH was analyzed, and survival analysis was conducted to explore the risk factors influencing refractory recurrence."	( [Analysis of Relevant Factors of Refractory and Relapse DLBCL Treated by Rituximab Combined with CHOP/EPOCH Regimen]. Chen, BA; Gao, C; Gu, Y; Wu, X; Zhang, J, 2020)	0.56
"The remission rate of DLBCL patients treated by rituximab combined with CHOP/EPOCH regimen is high, but about one third of the patients still show refractory and relapsed."	( [Analysis of Relevant Factors of Refractory and Relapse DLBCL Treated by Rituximab Combined with CHOP/EPOCH Regimen]. Chen, BA; Gao, C; Gu, Y; Wu, X; Zhang, J, 2020)	0.56
", durvalumab) combined with the EP regimen for 6 cycles."	( Anti-PD-L1 immune checkpoint inhibitors in combination with etoposide and platinum for extensive-stage small cell lung cancer: a case report. Chen, B; Lin, J; Peng, J; Xue, L, 2021)	0.86
" We analyzed the effects of roflumilast combined with ESHAP (etoposide, cisplatin, methylprednisolone, and cytarabine) chemotherapy in experimental and clinical settings."	( Role of Roflumilast Combined with ESHAP Chemotherapy in Relapsed/Refractory Patients with Diffuse Large B-Cell Lymphoma. Chung, JS; Kim, DY; Kim, SW; Nam, J; Shin, HJ, 2022)	0.96
"We found that roflumilast is efficient when combined with other chemotherapy drugs, especially cytarabine."	( Role of Roflumilast Combined with ESHAP Chemotherapy in Relapsed/Refractory Patients with Diffuse Large B-Cell Lymphoma. Chung, JS; Kim, DY; Kim, SW; Nam, J; Shin, HJ, 2022)	0.72
"We found that roflumilast, when combined with ESHAP chemotherapy, for relapsed/refractory DLBCL was clinically active and well tolerated."	( Role of Roflumilast Combined with ESHAP Chemotherapy in Relapsed/Refractory Patients with Diffuse Large B-Cell Lymphoma. Chung, JS; Kim, DY; Kim, SW; Nam, J; Shin, HJ, 2022)	0.72
" Recently, immune checkpoint inhibitors, combined with chemotherapy, as the first-line treatment for extensive-stage (ES)-SCLC have shown improvement in clinical outcomes."	( Efficacy and safety of atezolizumab, in combination with etoposide and carboplatin regimen, in the first-line treatment of extensive-stage small-cell lung cancer: a single-center experience. Ahn, BC; Cho, BC; Hong, MH; Kim, HR; Lee, S; Lim, SM; Shim, HS, 2022)	0.97
"Atezolizumab, combined with etoposide and carboplatin, showed efficacy and safety in our real-world data."	( Efficacy and safety of atezolizumab, in combination with etoposide and carboplatin regimen, in the first-line treatment of extensive-stage small-cell lung cancer: a single-center experience. Ahn, BC; Cho, BC; Hong, MH; Kim, HR; Lee, S; Lim, SM; Shim, HS, 2022)	1.26
" The TACL2014-001 phase I trial of the mTOR inhibitor temsirolimus in combination with cyclophosphamide and etoposide was performed in children and adolescents with relapsed/refractory ALL."	( Temsirolimus combined with cyclophosphamide and etoposide for pediatric patients with relapsed/refractory acute lymphoblastic leukemia: a Therapeutic Advances in Childhood Leukemia Consortium trial (TACL 2014-001). Bateman, CM; Chi, YY; Cooper, TM; Gaynon, PS; Hutchinson, RJ; Laetsch, TW; Loftus, JP; Malvar, J; Orgel, E; Rheingold, SR; Schafer, ES; Schultz, KR; Silverman, LB; Sposto, R; Sulis, ML; Tasian, SK; Wayne, AS; Whitlock, JA, 2022)	1.19
" Romidepsin (Ro) and brentuximab vedotin (Bv), combined with ifosfamide, carboplatin, and etoposide (ICE) has not been significantly studied in PTCL."	( Use of ifosfamide, carboplatin and etoposide in combination with brentuximab vedotin or romidepsin based on CD30 positivity in relapsed/refractory peripheral T-cell lymphoma. Gentille, C; Joshi, J; Pingali, SR; Randhawa, J; Sarfraz, H; Shah, S, 2022)	1.22
"The aim of this prospective, pilot, single-arm phase II trial was to evaluate the safety and efficacy of anlotinib combined with etoposide and platinum-based regimens in the first-line treatment of extensive-stage small cell lung cancer (ES-SCLC)."	( A phase II study of anlotinib combined with etoposide and platinum-based regimens in the first-line treatment of extensive-stage small cell lung cancer. Hu, Z; Liao, J; Liu, C; Sun, S; Wang, H; Wang, J; Wu, X; Yu, H; Zhang, Y; Zhao, X, 2022)	1.19
"Chemotherapy combined with radiotherapy could reduce the risk of recurrence in early-stage extranodal NK/T lymphoma (ENKTL)."	( First-line LVDP (L-asparaginase, etoposide, dexamethasone, and cisplatin) regimen combined with radiotherapy is effective for early-stage extranodal natural killer/T-cell lymphoma, nasal type. Chen, X; Li, N; Luo, Q; Wu, W; Zou, L, 2022)	1
"Given its promising efficacy, safety profile and durability, anlotinib combined with chemotherapy deserves further investigation as first-line anticancer therapy in ES-SCLC (NCT: 04684017)."	( Safety and efficacy of anlotinib in combination with standard chemotherapy as first-line treatment for extensive-stage small cell lung cancer: A multi-center, prospective study (ACTION-2). Chen, L; Chen, Y; Deng, P; Dong, Y; Han, B; Kong, T; Liu, D; Qian, F; Yang, H; Zhang, B; Zhang, W; Zhang, Y, 2022)	0.72
" We conducted an investigator initiated, single-center, open-label, prospective phase 1 study evaluating the safety and efficacy of CFZ in combination with rituximab, ifosfamide, carboplatin, and etoposide (C-R-ICE) in high-dose chemotherapy with autologous stem cell transplant (HDC-ASCT) eligible patients with R/R DLBCL (NCT01959698)."	( Carfilzomib combined with rituximab, ifosfamide, carboplatin, and etoposide for relapsed or refractory DLBCL. Anampa-Guzmán, A; Block, A; Darrall, A; DeMarco, J; Ghione, P; Groman, A; Hernandez-Ilizaliturri, FJ; Hutson, A; Johnson, M; Kader, A; Kostrewa, J; Lund, I; Mavis, C; McWhite, K; Mohr, A; Nichols, J; Przespolewski, E; Sait, SJ; Sundaram, S; Thomas, R; Torka, P; Wong, J, 2023)	1.34
" In the present study, the effect of etoposide in combination with a ferroptotic agent, erastin, was investigated in breast cancer."	( Etoposide in combination with erastin synergistically altered iron homeostasis and induced ferroptotic cell death through regulating IREB2/FPN1 expression in estrogen receptor positive-breast cancer cells. Bakar-Ates, F; Ozkan, E, 2023)	2.63
"In conclusion, this is the first study that reports enhanced cytotoxicity of etoposide, in combination with erastin, in ER-positive breast cancer cells via activation of ferroptotic pathways, and offers a new perspective for future regimens."	( Etoposide in combination with erastin synergistically altered iron homeostasis and induced ferroptotic cell death through regulating IREB2/FPN1 expression in estrogen receptor positive-breast cancer cells. Bakar-Ates, F; Ozkan, E, 2023)	2.58
"This is a retrospective, single-center PSM study evaluating the efficacy and safety of chidamide combined with the CHOEP (C-CHOEP) regimen versus the single CHOEP regimen in patients with untreated peripheral T cell lymphomas (PTCL)."	( Long-time follow-up of patients with untreated peripheral T cell lymphoma following chidamide combined with cyclophosphamide, epirubicin, vindesine, prednisone, and etoposide therapy: a single-center propensity score-matching study. Wang, W; Wei, C; Zhang, W; Zhang, Y; Zhao, D; Zhou, D, 2023)	1.11
"Immunotherapy has made significant advances in the treatment of extensive-stage small-cell lung cancer (ES-SCLC), but data in combination with radiotherapy are scarce."	( First-line atezolizumab/durvalumab plus platinum-etoposide combined with radiotherapy in extensive-stage small-cell lung cancer. Deng, W; Dong, X; Jiang, L; Li, L; Liao, A; Min, Y; Shi, A; Yang, D; Yu, H; Yu, R; Zhao, J, 2023)	1.16
"This single-center retrospective study analyzed patients with ES-SCLC who received standard platinum-etoposide chemotherapy combined with atezolizumab or durvalumab immunotherapy as induction treatment, followed by consolidative thoracic radiotherapy (CTRT) before disease progression in the first-line setting."	( First-line atezolizumab/durvalumab plus platinum-etoposide combined with radiotherapy in extensive-stage small-cell lung cancer. Deng, W; Dong, X; Jiang, L; Li, L; Liao, A; Min, Y; Shi, A; Yang, D; Yu, H; Yu, R; Zhao, J, 2023)	1.38
"Immunotherapy combined with CTRT for ES-SCLC is safe and has ample survival benefit."	( First-line atezolizumab/durvalumab plus platinum-etoposide combined with radiotherapy in extensive-stage small-cell lung cancer. Deng, W; Dong, X; Jiang, L; Li, L; Liao, A; Min, Y; Shi, A; Yang, D; Yu, H; Yu, R; Zhao, J, 2023)	1.16
" The purpose of this study was to explore the efficacy and safety of programmed cell death 1 (PD-1) blockade combined with ICE regimen (P-ICE) in the treatment of R/R DLBCL patients."	( PD-1 blockade combined with ICE regimen in relapsed/refractory diffuse large B-cell lymphoma. Bai, B; Gao, Y; He, Y; Huang, C; Huang, H; Ping, L; Shi, L; Wang, X, 2023)	0.91
" Carfilzomib, an irreversible proteasome inhibitor, can overcome acquired rituximab-chemotherapy resistance and, when combined with R-ICE, improves outcomes in patients with R/R DLBCL."	( Population Pharmacokinetics and Pharmacodynamics of Carfilzomib in Combination with Rituximab, Ifosfamide, Carboplatin, and Etoposide in Adult Patients with Relapsed/Refractory Diffuse Large B Cell Lymphoma. Burke, SM; Ghasemi, M; Goey, AKL; Hernandez-Ilizaliturri, FJ; Lin, LH; Mager, DE; Mavis, CK; Nichols, JR; Torka, P, 2023)	1.12
" Further research is needed to identify sources of variability in response to treatment with carfilzomib in combination with R-ICE."	( Population Pharmacokinetics and Pharmacodynamics of Carfilzomib in Combination with Rituximab, Ifosfamide, Carboplatin, and Etoposide in Adult Patients with Relapsed/Refractory Diffuse Large B Cell Lymphoma. Burke, SM; Ghasemi, M; Goey, AKL; Hernandez-Ilizaliturri, FJ; Lin, LH; Mager, DE; Mavis, CK; Nichols, JR; Torka, P, 2023)	1.12
" Treatment of mice with anti-CCL2 antibody combined with etoposide significantly increased survival of mice after resection of primary tumors, compared to untreated mice."	( Anti-CCL2 antibody combined with etoposide prolongs survival in a minimal residual disease mouse model of neuroblastoma. Asgharzadeh, S; Asuelime, GE; Chen, SY; Choi, SY; Chronopoulos, A; Kim, ES; Lascano, D; Lee, WG; Marachelian, A; Park, J; Sheard, MA; Zamora, A; Zobel, MJ, 2023)	1.44

Bioavailability

Oral etoposide has an average bioavailability of 50% (range, 17%-137%), with substantial intrapatient and interpatient variability. The bioavailability is approximately 50%, but its absorption is not linear with increasin.

Excerpt	Reference	Relevance
" Plasma etoposide concentrations were measured to estimate etoposide bioavailability and kinetics."	( Prolonged administration of oral etoposide in non-small-cell lung cancer: a phase II trial. Greco, FA; Hainsworth, JD; Hande, KR; Johnson, DH; Thomas, M; Waits, TM, 1992)	1
" Etoposide bioavailability may be increased at lower oral doses."	( Prolonged administration of oral etoposide in non-small-cell lung cancer: a phase II trial. Greco, FA; Hainsworth, JD; Hande, KR; Johnson, DH; Thomas, M; Waits, TM, 1992)	1.48
" The bioavailability of oral etoposide is about 50% at doses of 200 mg or less and decreases as drug doses increase."	( Clinical pharmacology and schedule dependency of the podophyllotoxin derivatives. Clark, PI, 1992)	0.57
" The bioavailability of oral etoposide averages 50%, although wide variability exists both among and within different patients."	( Etoposide pharmacology. Hande, KR, 1992)	2.02
" Bioavailability and blood levels of VP 16-213 were significantly increased 30 min after administration if PSC 833 had been given before."	( Pharmacologic interactions between the resistance-modifying cyclosporine SDZ PSC 833 and etoposide (VP 16-213) enhance in vivo cytostatic activity and toxicity. Altermatt, HJ; Donatsch, P; Hiestand, PC; Keller, RP; Laissue, JA; Zihlmann, H, 1992)	0.51
" As compared with those obtained in other pharmacokinetic studies using etoposide diluted in normal saline, our data reflect full systemic bioavailability and unaltered pharmacokinetics."	( Unaltered pharmacokinetics after the administration of high-dose etoposide without prior dilution. Dopfer, R; Ehninger, G; Eichel, B; Proksch, B; Schmidt, H; Waidelich, P, 1991)	0.75
" The bioavailability of oral etoposide is approximately 50%, but its absorption is not linear with increasing dose (e."	( The pharmacology of intravenous and oral etoposide. Carney, DN, 1991)	0.84
" Preliminary pharmacokinetic data suggest that a 50-mg/m2 oral dose is highly bioavailable (91% to 96%)."	( Chronic oral etoposide. Greco, FA; Hainsworth, JD; Johnson, DH, 1991)	0.65
" The bioavailability of oral etoposide is approximately 50%, but its absorption is not linear with increasing doses within the range in clinical use."	( The clinical pharmacology of etoposide. Slevin, ML, 1991)	0.86
" The bioavailability of etoposide PO ranges from 15% to 75%."	( Single-agent oral etoposide for elderly small cell lung cancer patients. Berendsen, HH; Carney, DN; Grogan, L; Harford, P; Postmus, PE; Smit, EF, 1990)	0.92
" The oral bioavailability of etoposide was 21% and 36% in the two patients who had had prior gastrectomy."	( Phase II trial of etoposide, doxorubicin (Adriamycin), and cisplatin (EAP regimen) in advanced gastric cancer. Pizzillo, MF; Salva, KM; Schwartz, EL; Sparano, JA; Wadler, S; Wiernik, PH, 1990)	0.9
" Oral etoposide has an average bioavailability of 50% (range, 17%-137%), with substantial intrapatient and interpatient variability."	( Etoposide: an update. Fleming, RA; Miller, AA; Stewart, CF, 1989)	2.2
"Preformulation studies of etoposide, including pH-solubility profile, partition coefficient, pH-stability profile, and in vitro dissolution kinetics, were conducted to identify the responsible factor(s) for the low and erratic oral bioavailability of etoposide."	( Preformulation study of etoposide: identification of physicochemical characteristics responsible for the low and erratic oral bioavailability of etoposide. Chen, JR; Chow, D; Shah, JC, 1989)	0.88
"The effect of dose on the bioavailability of oral etoposide was investigated in ten patients with malignant mesothelioma who received single-agent etoposide as part of a phase II study."	( The effect of dose on the bioavailability of oral etoposide: confirmation of a clinically relevant observation. Devenport, K; Harvey, VJ; Joel, SP; Osborne, RJ; Slevin, ML; Whomsley, R; Wrigley, PF, 1989)	0.78
"There is no information on the effect of food or concurrent drug administration on the bioavailability of oral etoposide, despite the fact that treatment is frequently administered over several days and most often in combination with other cytotoxic agents."	( The effect of food and concurrent chemotherapy on the bioavailability of oral etoposide. Harvey, VJ; Joel, SP; Johnston, A; Slevin, ML; Wrigley, PF, 1985)	0.71
"Following oral administration considerable variation in the bioavailability of etoposide has been reported between patients and with different formulations of the drug."	( Variable bioavailability following repeated oral doses of etoposide. Harvey, VJ; Joel, SP; Johnston, A; Slevin, ML; Smythe, MM; Wrigley, PF, 1985)	0.74
"The bioavailability of orally administered etoposide varies considerably."	( The effect of dose on the bioavailability of oral etoposide. Harvey, VJ; Joel, SP; Johnston, A; Slevin, ML; Wrigley, PF, 1986)	0.79
" Bioavailability studies on either the capsule or intravenous (i."	( Etoposide: a pharmacokinetic profile including an assessment of bioavailability. Cummings, J; Cunningham, D; Forrest, GJ; McTaggart, L; Soukop, M; Stuart, JF, 1986)	1.71
" On the average, the bioavailability of etoposide administered in a soft gelatin capsule is approximately 50%."	( Oral etoposide in small-cell lung cancer. Comis, RL, 1986)	1.05
" These studies have demonstrated a mean bioavailability of 50 percent, with a wide range among patients."	( Oral etoposide. Phillips, NC, 1988)	0.79
" The bioavailability of oral etoposide is about 50% but its absorption is not linear with increasing dose within the range in clinical use."	( The clinical pharmacology of etoposide and teniposide. Clark, PI; Slevin, ML, 1987)	0.86
"85 h, which may be responsible for the low oral bioavailability of etoposide."	( Stability-indicating high-performance liquid chromatography of etoposide at various pH conditions using a reversed-phase octyl column. Chen, JR; Chow, D; Shah, J, 1987)	0.75
"The absolute oral bioavailability of etoposide (VePesid) was determined in cancer patients based on a comparison of intravenous and oral administration."	( Bioavailability and pharmacokinetics of etoposide (VP-16). Comis, RL; Pfeffer, M; Scalzo, A; Smyth, RD, 1985)	0.81
"Previous studies in vitro on the influence of extracellular protein binding of Teniposide (VM26) and Etoposide (VP16-213) on subsequent cellular uptake by experimental murine tumor cells [Cancer Res 38:2549 (1978); Drug Metab Rev 8:119 (1978)] suggested that a timed-sequential combination of VM26 and VP16-213 may increase the bioavailability of VP16-213."	( Combination chemotherapy of the epipodophyllotoxin derivatives, teniposide and etoposide. A pharmacodynamic rationale? Allen, LM; Nordqvist, S; Okonmah, AD; Tejada, F, 1982)	0.71
" The pharmacokinetic results confirmed the low bioavailability of this formulation (14% +/- 10%) and its large interindividual variability."	( [Relations between hematological toxicity and total and free plasma levels of etoposide in daily oral administration]. Bugat, R; Canal, P; Chatelut, E; Chevreau, C; De Fenin, V; Houin, G; Lavit, M; Lochon, I, 1995)	0.52
"Etoposide demonstrates incomplete and variable bioavailability after oral dosing, which may be due to its concentration and pH-dependent stability in artificial gastric and intestinal fluids."	( Pharmacological attempts to improve the bioavailability of oral etoposide. Clark, PI; Craft, H; Heap, L; Joel, SP; Robbins, S; Slevin, ML; Webster, L, 1995)	1.97
" The mean bioavailability of etoposide from Etopophos, relative to VePesid, was 103% (90% confidence interval, 99% to 106%) based on Cmax, and 107% (90 confidence interval, 105% to 110%) based on area under the concentration versus time curve from zero to infinity (AUCinf) values."	( Pharmacokinetics and bioequivalence of etoposide following intravenous administration of etoposide phosphate and etoposide in patients with solid tumors. Bukowski, R; Fields, SZ; Gandara, D; Goss, G; Igwemezie, LN; Kaul, S; Kosty, M; Levithan, N; O'Dwyer, P; Stewart, DJ, 1995)	0.85
" Assuming a bioavailability of the oral solution of approximately 50%, the median etoposide systemic clearance was 21."	( Pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of 21-day continuous oral etoposide in pediatric patients with solid tumors. Luo, X; Mathew, P; Relling, MV; Ribeiro, RC; Sonnichsen, DS, 1995)	0.76
" In 1990, bioavailability of oral etoposide was assumed to be 50%, and the study was designed to deliver the same total doses of etoposide and cisplatin on both regimens over 24 weeks without the use of growth factors."	( Schedule dependency of 21-day oral versus 3-day intravenous etoposide in combination with intravenous cisplatin in extensive-stage small-cell lung cancer: a randomized phase III study of the Cancer and Leukemia Group B. Ellerton, J; Green, MR; Herndon, JE; Hollis, DR; Langleben, A; Miller, AA; Richards, F, 1995)	0.81
"To determine the bioavailability (F) and the pharmacokinetic profile of both etoposide and its prodrug, etoposide phosphate, after oral and intravenous administration of etoposide phosphate, and to determine the maximum-tolerable dose (MTD) of oral etoposide phosphate administered daily for 5 consecutive days every 3 weeks."	( Phase I clinical and pharmacokinetic study of oral etoposide phosphate. Cavalli, F; Cerny, T; De Fusco, M; De Jong, J; Gentili, D; McDaniel, C; Pagani, O; Prins, C; Sessa, C; Zucchetti, M, 1995)	0.77
" We hypothesized that inhibition of intestinal Pgp might decrease the efflux of etoposide from the blood into the intestinal lumen, thereby, increasing the bioavailability of etoposide."	( Inhibition of intestinal P-glycoprotein and effects on etoposide absorption. Huang, JD; Leu, BL, 1995)	0.77
" Pharmacokinetic analyses of oral bioavailability revealed significant interpatient variability, but much less intrapatient variability when successive etoposide courses in individual patients were evaluated."	( Long-term oral etoposide in metastatic breast cancer: clinical and pharmacokinetic results. Calvert, AH; Cantwell, BM; Chapman, F; Charlton, C; Gumbrell, L; Lind, MJ; Millward, MM; Proctor, M; Robinson, A; Simmons, D, 1993)	0.84
"1 microgram/ml) with evaluation during the first cycle of bioavailability and weekly 24-hour drug concentrations."	( Low-dose oral etoposide in epithelial cancer of the ovary. Cavalli, F; Colombo, N; D'Incalci, M; Mangioni, C; Marzola, M; Pagani, O; Sessa, C; Zucchetti, M, 1993)	0.65
" Mean bioavailability value of 75%, ranging from 44% to 100%."	( Low-dose oral etoposide in epithelial cancer of the ovary. Cavalli, F; Colombo, N; D'Incalci, M; Mangioni, C; Marzola, M; Pagani, O; Sessa, C; Zucchetti, M, 1993)	0.65
" The median bioavailability was 48% and beyond 30 min after either oral or intravenous injection there was little difference in the plasma profile."	( 24-hour plasma etoposide profile after oral and intravenous administration in children. Aherne, GW; Dick, G; Pinkerton, CR, 1993)	0.64
"To determine the bioavailability of oral etoposide capsules administered at doses of 100 mg and 400 mg."	( Bioavailability of low-dose oral etoposide. Greco, FA; Hainsworth, JD; Hande, KR; Johnson, DH; Krozely, MG, 1993)	0.83
"The bioavailability of oral etoposide was determined by measuring the area under the etoposide plasma concentration versus time curve (AUC) following intravenous (IV) etoposide administration and comparing that value to the AUC achieved following an oral dose administered 1 day later to the same patient."	( Bioavailability of low-dose oral etoposide. Greco, FA; Hainsworth, JD; Hande, KR; Johnson, DH; Krozely, MG, 1993)	0.86
"The mean (+/- SD) bioavailability following a 100-mg dose of oral etoposide was 76% +/- 22%, which was significantly greater (P < ."	( Bioavailability of low-dose oral etoposide. Greco, FA; Hainsworth, JD; Hande, KR; Johnson, DH; Krozely, MG, 1993)	0.8
" Bioavailability is better at lower oral etoposide doses."	( Bioavailability of low-dose oral etoposide. Greco, FA; Hainsworth, JD; Hande, KR; Johnson, DH; Krozely, MG, 1993)	0.83
"This study was designed to determine the bioavailability of etoposide capsules administered orally at doses of 50 and 75 mg."	( Bioavailability of 50- and 75-mg oral etoposide in lung cancer patients. Fujiwara, Y; Niitani, K; Ohune, T; Okusaki, K; Sumiyoshi, H; Takemoto, Y; Yamakido, M; Yamaoka, N, 1996)	0.81
" The galenic adaptation of an oral form of the molecule led to more extensive studies investigating both the potential advantage of prolonged exposure to the drug and a better bioavailability at low doses."	( [Etoposide: specificity of prolonged oral administration]. Munck, JN, 1996)	1.2
"The purpose of this study was to determine the bioavailability (F) of etoposide (E;VP-16) after oral administration of the water-soluble prodrug etoposide phosphate (EP;BMY-40481) during a phase I trial in cancer patients."	( Etoposide bioavailability after oral administration of the prodrug etoposide phosphate in cancer patients during a phase I study. Abigerges, D; Armand, JP; Bonnay, M; Chabot, GG; de Forni, M; Igwemezie, L; Kaul, S; Ropers, J; Schacter, L; Terret, C; Winograd, B, 1996)	1.97
" Trials of new combinations are warranted to take advantage of the pharmacokinetic properties and oral bioavailability of UFT and leucovorin."	( Experience of Oncopaz Cooperative Group with oral fluoropyrimidines in tumors of the stomach, lung, head and neck, and breast. Belón, J; Blanco, E; Espinosa, E; Feliu, J; Garcia Alfonso, P; Garcia Girón, C; Garrido, P; González Barón, M; Jara, C; Ruiz, A; Vincent, JM; Zamora, P, 1997)	0.3
" Oral bioavailability is variable, and protracted intravenous administration is limited by water insolubility, which requires large infusion volumes."	( Phase I and pharmacokinetic study of etoposide phosphate by protracted venous infusion in patients with advanced cancer. Creaven, PJ; Gunton, KE; Meropol, NJ; Noel, D; Pendyala, L; Schacter, LP; Soni, N, 1997)	0.57
" These results, together with the appreciable bioavailability of oral etoposide, make the regimen feasible for outpatient treatment of patients with advanced AIDS-related Kaposi's sarcoma."	( Clinical and pharmacokinetic study of oral etoposide in patients with AIDS-related Kaposi's sarcoma with no prior exposure to cytotoxic therapy. Di Leone, L; Gerhardt, L; Kalakun, L; Kromfield, M; Mans, DR; Prolla, G; Sander, E; Schwartsmann, G; Sprinz, E, 1997)	0.79
" It was expected that this prodrug could be used to overcome the solubility limitations and erratic bioavailability of oral etoposide."	( Conversion of the prodrug etoposide phosphate to etoposide in gastric juice and bile. de Jong, RS; de Vries, EG; Mulder, NH; Slijfer, EA; Uges, DR, 1997)	0.8
" The mean oral bioavailability was 66%, showing an interindividual variability of 37%."	( Population pharmacokinetics of total and unbound etoposide. Bachaud, JM; Bugat, R; Canal, P; Chatelut, E; Chevreau, C; Houin, G; Lochon, I; Nguyen, L; Pujol, A; Tranchand, B, 1998)	0.55
" formulations, and more data on the bioavailability of these agents have become available."	( Evolving role of oral chemotherapy for the treatment of patients with neoplasms. Greco, FA, 1998)	0.3
"Etoposide, an anticancer drug, has low oral bioavailability because of low aqueous solubility, slow dissolution rate, and instability in acidic pH."	( Metastable polymorph of etoposide with higher dissolution rate. Chen, JR; Chow, D; Shah, JC, 1999)	2.05
" In the present study, SCH 66336, an orally bioavailable nonpeptide tricyclic farnesyltransferase inhibitor, was tested against a large variety of human tumors to define its preclinical activity profile, utilizing the human tumor cloning assay."	( Activity of SCH 66336, a tricyclic farnesyltransferase inhibitor, against human tumor colony-forming units. Bishop, WR; Izbicka, E; Lawrence, RA; Petit, T; Von Hoff, DD; Weitman, S, 1999)	0.3
" Before these capsules were available in Mexico, we studied drug bioavailability after oral administration of the intravenous etoposide solution (IVES)."	( Bioavailability of etoposide after oral administration of the solution marketed for intravenous use: therapeutic and pharmacoeconomic perspectives. Aguilar Ponce, JL; Calderón-Flores, E; Castañeda-Hernández, G; de la Garza-Salazar, J; Dueñas-González, A; Flores-Picazo, Y; Pérez-Urizar, J; Segura-Pacheco, BA; Zinser-Sierra, JW, )	0.67
" Plasma etoposide concentration was determined by high-performance liquid chromatography, plasma concentration against time curves were constructed, and bioavailability parameters were calculated."	( Bioavailability of etoposide after oral administration of the solution marketed for intravenous use: therapeutic and pharmacoeconomic perspectives. Aguilar Ponce, JL; Calderón-Flores, E; Castañeda-Hernández, G; de la Garza-Salazar, J; Dueñas-González, A; Flores-Picazo, Y; Pérez-Urizar, J; Segura-Pacheco, BA; Zinser-Sierra, JW, )	0.89
" Mean etoposide bioavailability at a dose of 50 mg was 64."	( Inter- and intrapatient variability in etoposide kinetics with oral and intravenous drug administration. Hande, K; Kaul, S; Krozely, M; Messenger, M; Wagner, J, 1999)	1.05
"The bioavailability and pharmacokinetic characteristics of etoposide were studied in 12 relapsed B-lineage acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) patients after both intravenous (i."	( Bioavailability and pharmacokinetic features of etoposide in childhood acute lymphoblastic leukemia patients. Chen, CL; Eddy, L; Rawwas, J; Sorrell, A; Uckun, FM, 2001)	0.81
" Mean bioavailability was 45% (CV 22%) and mean protein binding 91."	( Population pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of oral etoposide. Basso, B; Boiocchi, M; Colussi, AM; Corona, G; Robieux, I; Sorio, R; Toffoli, G, 2001)	0.56
" Median absolute bioavailability with and without pretreatment with grapefruit juice was 52."	( Effect of grapefruit juice intake on etoposide bioavailability. Bisset, D; Jaehde, U; Kloft, C; McLeod, HL; Nicolson, MC; Reid, M; Reif, S, 2002)	0.59
"Grapefruit juice seems to reduce rather than increase oral bioavailability of etoposide."	( Effect of grapefruit juice intake on etoposide bioavailability. Bisset, D; Jaehde, U; Kloft, C; McLeod, HL; Nicolson, MC; Reid, M; Reif, S, 2002)	0.82
" Temozolomide, an orally bioavailable alkylating agent that crosses the blood-brain barrier, has activity against brain metastases from both small cell lung cancer (SCLC) and non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) when used as a single agent, but response rates are low."	( Use of temozolomide with other cytotoxic chemotherapy in the treatment of patients with recurrent brain metastases from lung cancer. Ebert, BL; Niemierko, E; Salgia, R; Shaffer, K, 2003)	0.32
" Inhibition of small bowel and hepatic metabolism of etoposide with specific cytochrome P450 inhibitors or inhibition of the intestinal P-glycoprotein efflux pump have been attempted to increase the bioavailability of oral etoposide, but the best results were obtained with daily oral administration of low etoposide doses (50-100 mg/day for 14-21 days)."	( Pharmacokinetic optimisation of treatment with oral etoposide. Basso, B; Boiocchi, M; Corona, G; Toffoli, G, 2004)	0.82
"0%) and the absolute bioavailability (35."	( Effects of morin on the pharmacokinetics of etoposide in rats. Choi, JS; Li, X; Yun, JK, 2007)	0.6
" The mean bioavailability of oral etoposide was 58+/-15% with an interpatient variability of 26%."	( Pharmacokinetic comparison of oral and intravenous etoposide in patients treated with the CHOEP-regimen for malignant lymphomas. Ehninger, G; Friedrichsen, K; Haenel, M; Kroschinsky, FP; Mueller, J; Prondzinsky, R; Pursche, S; Schleyer, E, 2008)	0.88
" Even if its reversal activity is insufficient for clinical application, its capacity to accumulate [(3)H]-vinblastine in MDCK/MDR1 and MCF7/Dox cells suggests that eudesmin may positively affect the bioavailability and, thereby, the therapeutic potency of anticancer drugs in Pgp-overexpressing cells."	( Reversal of P-glycoprotein-mediated drug efflux by eudesmin from Haplophyllum perforatum and cytotoxicity pattern versus diphyllin, podophyllotoxin and etoposide. Akhmedjanova, V; Balansard, G; Barthomeuf, C; Beliveau, R; Debiton, E; Grassi, J; Lim, S, 2007)	0.54
"The oral bioavailability of some therapeutic agents is markedly lower in cynomolgus monkeys than in humans."	( Species difference in intestinal absorption mechanism of etoposide and digoxin between cynomolgus monkey and rat. Amano, N; Fujita, H; Kato, Y; Kimura, Y; Kubo, Y; Nishimura, T; Ono, M; Tsuji, A, 2008)	0.59
"The bioavailability of etoposide was 12."	( Species difference in intestinal absorption mechanism of etoposide and digoxin between cynomolgus monkey and rat. Amano, N; Fujita, H; Kato, Y; Kimura, Y; Kubo, Y; Nishimura, T; Ono, M; Tsuji, A, 2008)	0.9
"Low bioavailability of etoposide in monkeys is due to poor intestinal uptake resulting from low influx from the apical side, rather than secretion via P-gp."	( Species difference in intestinal absorption mechanism of etoposide and digoxin between cynomolgus monkey and rat. Amano, N; Fujita, H; Kato, Y; Kimura, Y; Kubo, Y; Nishimura, T; Ono, M; Tsuji, A, 2008)	0.9
" The overall high residence of nanoparticles, compared with etoposide, signifies the advantage of PLGA and PCL nanoparticles as drug carriers for etoposide in enhancing the bioavailability and reducing the etoposide-associated toxicity."	( Etoposide loaded PLGA and PCL nanoparticles II: biodistribution and pharmacokinetics after radiolabeling with Tc-99m. Babbar, AK; Saha, RN; Sharma, RK; Snehalatha, M; Venugopal, K, 2008)	2.03
"To characterize oral bioavailability and pharmacokinetic disposition of etoposide when the IV formulation was administered orally to dogs."	( Oral bioavailability of etoposide after administration of a single dose to tumor-bearing dogs. Autio, K; Balkman, CE; Beaulieu, BB; Flory, AB; Kiselow, MA; Lewis, LD; Rassnick, KM, 2008)	0.89
" Oral bioavailability of etoposide was low (median, 13."	( Oral bioavailability of etoposide after administration of a single dose to tumor-bearing dogs. Autio, K; Balkman, CE; Beaulieu, BB; Flory, AB; Kiselow, MA; Lewis, LD; Rassnick, KM, 2008)	0.96
" Tipifarnib plus etoposide is a promising orally bioavailable regimen that warrants further evaluation in elderly adults who are not candidates for conventional induction chemotherapy."	( Active oral regimen for elderly adults with newly diagnosed acute myelogenous leukemia: a preclinical and phase 1 trial of the farnesyltransferase inhibitor tipifarnib (R115777, Zarnestra) combined with etoposide. Adjei, AA; Dai, NT; Feldman, EJ; Flatten, K; Garrett-Mayer, E; Gore, SD; Greer, JM; Ironside, V; Karp, JE; Kaufmann, SH; Le, SB; Levis, MJ; Loegering, DA; Meng, XW; Morris, LE; Ricklis, RM; Ritchie, E; Roboz, G; Schneider, PA; Smith, BD; Talbott, T; Wright, JJ, 2009)	0.88
" We found no correlation with demographic, clinical, or biochemical parameters, and differences in bioavailability might be the most important explanation to interpatient variability."	( Thioguanine pharmacokinetics in induction therapy of children with acute myeloid leukemia. Britt-Marie, F; Curt, P; Frost, BM; Gudmar, L; Hasle, H; Hellebostad, M; Henrik, H; Josefine, P; Jukka, K; Kanerva, J; Kjeld, S; Lönnerholm, G; Marit, H; Palle, J; Petersson, C; Schmiegelow, K, 2009)	0.35
"01) increased the absolute bioavailability (AB) of etoposide to 12."	( Effects of quercetin on the pharmacokinetics of Etoposide after oral or intravenous administration of etoposide in rats. Choi, JS; Li, X, 2009)	0.86
"Oral bioavailability (F) is a product of fraction absorbed (Fa), fraction escaping gut-wall elimination (Fg), and fraction escaping hepatic elimination (Fh)."	( Physicochemical space for optimum oral bioavailability: contribution of human intestinal absorption and first-pass elimination. Chang, G; El-Kattan, A; Miller, HR; Obach, RS; Rotter, C; Steyn, SJ; Troutman, MD; Varma, MV, 2010)	0.36
"The aim of this study was to develop a new phospholipid complex self-emulsifying drug delivery system (PC-SEDDS) to enhance bioavailability of oral etoposide, a drug with poor water solubility."	( Preparation and evaluation of a self-emulsifying drug delivery system of etoposide-phospholipid complex. Chen, J; Deng, L; Guo, D; Wu, Z; Yang, Q; Zhang, Y, 2011)	0.8
" Compared with ES, relative bioavailability of EPC-SEDDS, E-SEDDS, and EPCS after oral administration in rats was enhanced by 60."	( Preparation and evaluation of a self-emulsifying drug delivery system of etoposide-phospholipid complex. Chen, J; Deng, L; Guo, D; Wu, Z; Yang, Q; Zhang, Y, 2011)	0.6
"The synergistic effect between PC and SEDDS contributed to the enhanced bioavailability of etoposide."	( Preparation and evaluation of a self-emulsifying drug delivery system of etoposide-phospholipid complex. Chen, J; Deng, L; Guo, D; Wu, Z; Yang, Q; Zhang, Y, 2011)	0.82
" Etoposide presents low bioavailability with wide inter-, and intra-patient variability after oral dosing."	( Involvement of P-glycoprotein and CYP 3A4 in the enhancement of etoposide bioavailability by a piperine analogue. Gupta, PN; Javed, S; Johri, RK; Koul, S; Najar, IA; Sharma, SC; Singh, GD, 2011)	1.52
"P-glycoprotein (P-gp), expressed in the apical membranes of the epithelial cells of the intestine, can reduce the oral bioavailability of a wide range of drugs."	( Enhancing effect of N-octyl-O-sulfate chitosan on etoposide absorption. Mo, R; Ping, Q; Sun, M; Xiao, Y; Zhang, C, 2011)	0.62
" Compared with the control group (given etoposide alone), curcumin (2 or 8 mg/kg) increased significantly the oral bioavailability (AUC and C(max) ) of etoposide."	( Effects of oral curcumin on the pharmacokinetics of intravenous and oral etoposide in rats: possible role of intestinal CYP3A and P-gp inhibition by curcumin. Choi, JS; Ki, SH; Lee, CK, 2011)	0.87
"The BH3-mimetic ABT-737 and an orally bioavailable compound of the same class, navitoclax (ABT-263), have shown promising antitumor efficacy in preclinical and early clinical studies."	( Bcl-2, Bcl-x(L), and Bcl-w are not equivalent targets of ABT-737 and navitoclax (ABT-263) in lymphoid and leukemic cells. Anderson, DJ; Belmont, LD; Bouillet, P; Campbell, KJ; Cory, S; Fairlie, WD; Glaser, SP; Huang, DC; Khaw, SL; Lee, EF; Ludlam, MJ; Mérino, D; Phipson, B; Robati, M; Roberts, AW; Vandenberg, CJ; Wong, C; Yue, P, 2012)	0.38
" Unfortunately, despite its appropriate solubilization in vehicle solvents, its poor bioavailability and limited passage of the blood-brain barrier concur to disappointing results requiring the development of new delivery system forms."	( Etoposide encapsulation in surface-modified poly(lactide-co-glycolide) nanoparticles strongly enhances glioma antitumor efficiency. Andry, MC; Callewaert, M; Dukic, S; Gafa, V; Molinari, M; Roullin, VG; Van Gulick, L; Vittier, M, 2013)	1.83
"The purpose of this work is intended to investigate the potential of self-nanoemulsifying (SNE) drug delivery system for enhanced oral bioavailability of etoposide by P-glycoprotein (P-gp) modulation."	( Self-nanoemulsifying lipid carrier system for enhancement of oral bioavailability of etoposide by P-glycoprotein modulation: in vitro cell line and in vivo pharmacokinetic investigation. Akhtar, N; Jaggi, M; Khar, RK; Talegaonkar, S, 2013)	0.81
" Etoposide SMEDDS were orally administered to rats for in vivo bioavailability investigation."	( Enhanced intestinal absorption of etoposide by self-microemulsifying drug delivery systems: roles of P-glycoprotein and cytochrome P450 3A inhibition. Huang, J; Li, G; Si, L; Xue, K; Zhao, G, 2013)	1.58
" That is, morphine and quinidine significantly increased the bioavailability of etoposide believed to be due to competitive P-gp inhibition in the intestine."	( Pharmacokinetic assessment of absorptive interaction of oral etoposide and morphine in rats. Iwanaga, K; Kakemi, M; Minamida, M; Miyazaki, M; Nishimura, C, 2014)	0.87
" Our patient was subsequently enrolled on a phase 1 clinical trial of a novel, orally bioavailable bromodomain and extra terminal inhibitor, GSK525762 (NCT01587703)."	( NUT midline carcinoma: an aggressive intrathoracic neoplasm. Costello, BA; Dronca, RS; French, CA; Hilton, J; Marks, RS; Molina, JR; Nerby, CL; Parikh, SA; Peddareddigari, VG; Roden, AC; Shapiro, GI, 2013)	0.39
" Much research has been done to determine drug-drug and herb-drug interactions for improving the bioavailability of etoposide."	( Pharmaceutical and pharmacological approaches for bioavailability enhancement of etoposide. Johri, RK; Najar, IA, 2014)	0.84
"Poor solubility of etoposide and associated poor bioavailability of the drug was circumvented by developing solid lipid nanocarrier system."	( Etoposide loaded solid lipid nanoparticles for curtailing B16F10 melanoma colonization in lung. Athawale, RB; Gude, RP; Jain, DS; Singh, KK, 2014)	2.17
" The present work is aimed to enhance the bioavailability of etoposide by co-administering it with quercetin (a P-gp inhibitor) in dual-loaded polymeric nanoparticle formulation."	( Novel flavonoid-based biodegradable nanoparticles for effective oral delivery of etoposide by P-glycoprotein modulation: an in vitro, ex vivo and in vivo investigations. Fatma, S; Goswami, DG; Iqbal, Z; Negi, LM; Panda, AK; Talegaonkar, S; Tariq, M, 2016)	0.9
" As a result, repeated ETP dosing without MOR showed a significant decrease in the intestinal absorption rate constant (ka), and single MOR coadministration induced an increase in bioavailability (F) and decrease in ka."	( Pharmacokinetics and toxicity of repeated oral etoposide is altered by morphine coadministration in rats. Iwanaga, K; Kakemi, M; Kawase, T; Kitamura, T; Miyazaki, M; Nishimura, C, 2015)	0.67
"This paper explored that nano-sized layered double hydroxide (LDH) could be used as a pH sensitive delivery system to overcome hematotoxicity and enhance the bioavailability and anticancer efficacy of etoposide (VP16) against non small cell lung cancer, which was not reported before, as the best of our knowledge."	( pH sensitive nano layered double hydroxides reduce the hematotoxicity and enhance the anticancer efficacy of etoposide on non-small cell lung cancer. Wang, Q; Wang, S; Wang, Z; Wu, B; Wu, X; Zhang, H; Zhu, R; Zhu, Y, 2016)	0.83
" In vitro dialysis studies performed on PS20-containing etoposide solutions suggested that the reduced bioavailability may be due to etoposide retention in PS20 micelles and/or through increased viscosity."	( Polysorbate 20 alters the oral bioavailability of etoposide in wild type and mdr1a deficient Sprague-Dawley rats. Al-Ali, AAA; Bundgaard, C; Holm, R; Nielsen, CU; Quach, JRC; Steffansen, B, 2018)	0.98
"The purpose of this study was to investigate the ability of a self-nano-emulsifying drug delivery system (SNEDDS) to enhance the oral bioavailability of a BCS class IV drug, etoposide (VP-16)."	( Nano-sized Droplets of Self-Emulsifying System for Enhancing Oral Bioavailability of Chemotherapeutic Agent VP-16 in Rats: A Nano Lipid Carrier for BCS Class IV Drugs. Akhtar, M; Arafat, M; Khalid, N; Löbenberg, R; Sarfraz, M; Ur Rehman, N, 2018)	0.67
" The pharmacokinetic parameters and oral bioavailability of VP-16 suspension and VP-16 in SNEDDS was assessed using 30 Male Sprague-Dawley rats and compared with the commercial product (VePesid®)."	( Nano-sized Droplets of Self-Emulsifying System for Enhancing Oral Bioavailability of Chemotherapeutic Agent VP-16 in Rats: A Nano Lipid Carrier for BCS Class IV Drugs. Akhtar, M; Arafat, M; Khalid, N; Löbenberg, R; Sarfraz, M; Ur Rehman, N, 2018)	0.48
"The SNEDDS formulation was able to enhance the oral bioavailability of the BCS Class IV chemotherapeutic agent VP-16 by increasing the dissolution and absorption of the drug."	( Nano-sized Droplets of Self-Emulsifying System for Enhancing Oral Bioavailability of Chemotherapeutic Agent VP-16 in Rats: A Nano Lipid Carrier for BCS Class IV Drugs. Akhtar, M; Arafat, M; Khalid, N; Löbenberg, R; Sarfraz, M; Ur Rehman, N, 2018)	0.48
" Based on the ocular tissue bioavailability calculations (AUC0-24), the present study revealed that the formulation enhanced 90% ocular bioavailability of etoposide, when it was injected in the form of nano-emulsion in most of the tissues."	( Comparison of ocular pharmacokinetics of etoposide and its nanoemulsion after subtenon administration in rabbits. Biswas, NR; Chawla, B; Halder, N; Maithani, D; Patnaik, SK; Thavaraj, V; Velpandian, T, 2019)	0.98
"The ATP-binding cassette transporter P-glycoprotein (P-gp) is known to limit both brain penetration and oral bioavailability of many chemotherapy drugs."	( A High-Throughput Screen of a Library of Therapeutics Identifies Cytotoxic Substrates of P-glycoprotein. Ambudkar, SV; Brimacombe, KR; Chen, L; Gottesman, MM; Guha, R; Hall, MD; Klumpp-Thomas, C; Lee, OW; Lee, TD; Lusvarghi, S; Robey, RW; Shen, M; Tebase, BG, 2019)	0.51
" However, intravenous administration of VP16 was limited in clinical application because of its low aqueous solubility, poor bioavailability and dose-limiting adverse effects."	( Biodistribution of etoposide via intratumoral chemotherapy with etoposide-loaded implants. Gao, L; Ma, Y; Wu, C; Xu, R; Xu, Y; Yi, X; Zha, Z; Zhang, M, 2020)	0.89
" Second, we tested the therapeutic effect of VP16 combined with CCT245737, an orally bioavailable CHK1 inhibitor, and observed strong synergistic anticancer effects in K562 cells."	( Checkpoint kinase‑1 inhibition and etoposide exhibit a strong synergistic anticancer effect on chronic myeloid leukemia cell line K562 by impairing homologous recombination DNA damage repair. Fan, Z; Lai, Q; Li, S; Liang, A; Luo, H; Wang, F; Wang, G; Wang, J; Xu, J; Xu, Y; Zhang, W; Zhou, J, 2020)	0.84
" Nanocrystals offer new possibilities by combining the nanoformulation features with the properties of solid dispersed therapeutic ingredients including (i) high loading of the active ingredient, (ii) its bioavailability improvement, and (iii) reduced drug systemic cytotoxicity."	( Preparation of parenteral nanocrystal suspensions of etoposide from the excipient free dry state of the drug to enhance in vivo antitumoral properties. Annereau, M; Bally, M; Corvis, Y; Fleury, T; Lai-Kuen, R; Lam, A; Martin, B; Mignet, N; Neri, G; Seguin, J, 2020)	0.81
" To enhance the oral bioavailability of etoposide, this study developed an amorphous nanopowder."	( Etoposide Amorphous Nanopowder for Improved Oral Bioavailability: Formulation Development, Optimization, in vitro and in vivo Evaluation. Jin, X; Li, S; Liu, L; Liu, M; Wang, P; Wang, S; Wang, Y; Xu, Y, 2020)	2.27
" A challenge in treating GBM is the heterogeneous integrity of the blood-brain barrier (BBB), which limits the bioavailability of systemic therapies to the brain."	( Focused Ultrasound-Mediated Blood-Brain Barrier Opening Increases Delivery and Efficacy of Etoposide for Glioblastoma Treatment. Bruce, JN; Canoll, PD; Englander, ZK; Feldstein, NA; Guo, J; Jan, CI; Konofagou, EE; Mela, A; Pouliopoulos, AN; Upadhyayula, PS; Wang, TJC; Wei, HJ; Wu, CC; Zacharoulis, S; Zhang, X; Zhang, Z, 2021)	0.84
" Rat PK study demonstrated significantly higher etoposide bioavailability from TPGS vs."	( Adequate formulation approach for oral chemotherapy: Etoposide solubility, permeability, and overall bioavailability from cosolvent- vs. vitamin E TPGS-based delivery systems. Beig, A; Dahan, A; Fine-Shamir, N, 2021)	1.13
" Enhancement of oral bioavailability could reduce the drug load and associated adverse effects."	( Self-emulsifying Drug Delivery System for Oral Anticancer Therapy: Constraints and Recent Development. Chatterjee, B; Ganti, S; Pandya, M, 2022)	0.72
"P-glycoprotein (P-gp) inhibitors, like zosuquidar, partly increase oral bioavailability of P-gp substrates, such as etoposide."	( Increased bioavailability of a P-gp substrate: Co-release of etoposide and zosuquidar from amorphous solid dispersions. Holm, R; Larsen, BS; Nielsen, CU; Nielsen, RB; Nielsen, UG; Pijpers, I; Snoeys, J; Tho, I, 2023)	1.36

Dosage Studied

Epposide was not active against non-small-cell lung cancer at the dosage and schedule employed. Hematologic toxicity was significant and resulted in incomplete etoposide dosing in half of all cycles in 16/22 patients.

Excerpt	Relevance	Reference
" Complementary studies to establish its optimum dosage and administration, and its place in combination chemotherapy, are in progress."	( [Therapeutic experiences using the new podophyllotoxin derivative VP 16-213 in malignant human tumors]. Beckmann, C; Flury, R; Frei, P; Holdener, E; Jungi, WF; Senn, HJ, 1975)	0.25
" The dose-response curves for leukemic clonogenic cells for both agents when given by iv injection were exponential and biphasic, indicating the existence of two populations."	( Kinetics of cytotoxicity of VM-26 and VP-16-213 on L1210 leukemia and hematopoietic stem cells. Coulter, D; Kalish, R; Valeriote, FA; Vietti, TJ, 1978)	0.26
" Dianhydrogalactitol was given in a 5-day course at a dosage of 30 mg/m2/day."	( Phase II studies of dianhydrogalactitol and VP-16-213 in colorectal cancer. Hahn, RG; Moertel, CG; Perry, MC; Reitemeier, RJ; Schutt, AJ, 1976)	0.26
" Tolerable dosage levels of both regimens have been defined for future clincial trials."	( Pilot study of two adriamycin-based regimens in patients with advanced malignant lymphomas. Kiely, JM; O'Connell, MJ; Silverstein, MN; White, WL, )	0.13
" A recent resurgence of interest has surfaced with its oral application in the elderly and in protracted dosing schedules."	( Oral etoposide in oncology: an evolving role. Comis, RL, 1992)	0.8
" The optimal duration of a twice-daily, 50-mg dosage schedule remains to be determined."	( The activity of 10-, 14-, and 21-day schedules of single-agent etoposide in previously untreated patients with extensive small cell lung cancer. Clark, PI; Cottier, B, 1992)	0.52
" One patient, who tolerated etoposide during his first three-day chemotherapeutic dosage regimen, developed a hypersensitivity reaction to etoposide upon re-exposure to the drug during the first day of a subsequent three-day cycle."	( Two cases of suspected immunologic-based hypersensitivity reactions to etoposide therapy. Black, CD; Kasperek, C, 1992)	0.81
"5 x 10(9)/l) and platelet recovery (> 50 x 10(9)/l) were 33 and 28 days, respectively, with similar findings for all dosage levels."	( Escalating sequential high-dose carboplatin and etoposide with autologous marrow support in children with relapsed solid tumors. Bowman, LC; Brenner, MK; Mirro, J; Santana, VM; Schell, MJ; Thompson, EI; Williams, R, 1992)	0.54
" Based on recent data that suggest chronic administration of oral etoposide is superior to single daily dosing every 3 to 4 weeks, and the failure of previous trials to evaluate etoposide's activity in cisplatin-resistant malignancies, we have begun a phase II trial of chronic, low-dose oral etoposide in patients with clinically defined, platinum-resistant ovarian cancer."	( Exploring the use of chronic low-dose oral etoposide in ovarian cancer: is there a role for this "new drug" in the management of platinum-refractory disease? Almadrones, L; Barakat, R; Curtin, J; Hakes, T; Hoskins, W; Jones, W; Lewis, JL; Markman, M; Reichman, B; Rubin, S, 1992)	0.78
" Calculation of the area under the curve was standardized to a dosage of 100 mg/m2 (AUC/[100 mg/m2])."	( Investigation of the variability of etoposide pharmacokinetics in children. Boos, J; Euting, T; Jürgens, H; Real, E; Wolff, J, 1992)	0.56
"Carboplatin disposition was studied in 18 pediatric patients with cancer over a dosage range of 400 to 700 mg/m2 given on an alternate-day schedule (total doses of 1200 to 2100 mg/m2) with high-dose etoposide."	( The pharmacokinetics of high-dose carboplatin in pediatric patients with cancer. Madden, T; Rodman, JH; Santana, VM; Sunderland, M, 1992)	0.47
"Patients with inoperable non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC) were randomly assigned to receive one of three dosage regimens: (1) vindesine and cisplatin (VP); (2) mitomycin, vindesine, and cisplatin (MVP); or (3) etoposide and cisplatin alternating with vindesine and mitomycin (EP/VM)."	( A randomized trial in inoperable non-small-cell lung cancer: vindesine and cisplatin versus mitomycin, vindesine, and cisplatin versus etoposide and cisplatin alternating with vindesine and mitomycin. Fukuoka, M; Furuse, K; Kawahara, M; Kudoh, S; Masuda, N; Matsui, K; Negoro, S; Ogawara, M; Takada, M; Takifuji, N, 1991)	0.67
"Two dosage forms of etoposide diluted by saline solution (Etp-sol) and etoposide particles suspended in oil (Etp-oil) were examined for the toxicity and therapeutic effects when injected intraperitoneally (ip) in mice."	( [Toxic reduction and superior therapeutic effects on peritoneal carcinomatosis of etoposide particles suspended in oil in mice]. Hagiwara, A; Itoh, M; Iwamoto, A; Lee, M; Sakakura, C; Sasabe, T; Shimotuma, M; Shobayashi, S; Takahashi, T; Yoneyama, C, 1991)	0.83
" After 12 patients had been admitted, the cisplatin dosage was reduced to 80 mg m-2 because of unacceptable toxicity."	( A Medical Research Council phase II trial of alternating chemotherapy and radiotherapy in small-cell lung cancer. The Medical Research Council Lung Cancer Working Party. Bleehen, NM; Girling, DJ; Gregor, A; Leonard, RC; Machin, D; McKenzie, CG; Morgan, DA; Smyth, JF; Spittle, MF; Stephens, RJ, 1991)	0.28
" Thus, increase in dosage was stopped at an etoposide dose of 160 mg/m2."	( Determining carboplatin/etoposide dosage in extensive stage small-cell lung cancer (SCLC). Achterrath, W; Drings, P; Goerg, C; Havemann, K; Tessen, HW; Wolf, M, 1991)	0.85
" GaCl3 was given at the dosage of 400 mg/24h from the time of diagnosis at least until the evaluation after 3 courses of chemotherapy."	( Combination chemotherapy with cisplatin, etoposide and gallium chloride for lung cancer: individual adaptation of doses. Choisy, H; Collery, P; Desoize, B; Etienne, JC; Millart, H; Morel, M; Pechery, C; Perdu, D; Prevost, A; Vallerand, H, )	0.4
"Between February 1986 and July 1988 a total of 21 children aged 1 to 16 years with malignant germ cell tumours (MGCT), 18 with either metastatic disease or unresectable primary tumour, received the JEB regimen - carboplatin dosage calculated from the EDTA glomerular filtration rate (approximately 600 mg m-2), etoposide 120 mg m-2 daily x 3, and bleomycin 15 mg m-2 weekly."	( 'JEB'--a carboplatin based regimen for malignant germ cell tumours in children. Broadbent, V; Horwich, A; Levitt, J; McElwain, TJ; Meller, ST; Mott, M; Oakhill, A; Pinkerton, CR; Pritchard, J, 1990)	0.45
" These in vitro results suggest that cisplatin is significantly more cytotoxic than carboplatin against human ovarian cancer cell lines and that cisplatin should not be replaced by carboplatin in the treatment of advanced epithelial ovarian cancer until randomized trials using maximum dosing of the cisplatin-containing regimen are performed."	( Comparison of cisplatin and carboplatin cytotoxicity in human ovarian cancer cell lines using the MTT assay. Biddle, WC; Crickard, K; Crickard, U; Fanning, J; Foon, KA; Goldrosen, M; Piver, MS, 1990)	0.28
" The patients were randomised at diagnosis to receive either three further courses of Ara-C (five days) and DNR (two days) in the same dosage or three courses of VP16 100 mg/m2 daily for five days and one dose of mAMSA of 200 mg/m2 as postremission consolidation."	( Acute myeloid leukaemia: results of the New Zealand AML-1 study. The Leukaemia Study Group of the New Zealand Society for Haematology. , 1991)	0.28
" Such models may be utilized in adaptive control dosing to individualize the dose administered to a patient with the aim of lessening the risk of severe myelosuppression."	( Modeling interpatient pharmacodynamic variability of etoposide. Mick, R; Ratain, MJ, 1991)	0.53
" This approach takes advantage of the steep dose-response relationship for most chemotherapeutic agents, including etoposide, as shown in early in vitro and clinical studies."	( High-dose etoposide and marrow transplantation. Herzig, RH, 1991)	0.89
" The dose-response and expression time relationships for radiation induction of drug resistance observed in RIF-1 tumors are unusual."	( Radiation induction of drug resistance in RIF-1: correlation of tumor and cell culture results. Davies, BM; Hopwood, LE; Moulder, JE; Volk, DM, 1991)	0.28
"Local administration of a low dosage of the active cyclophosphamide derivative 4-hydroperoxy-cyclophosphamide (4-HPCY) at the site of antigenic stimulation strongly enhances T-cell-mediated immune responses in both mice and guinea-pigs."	( Tumor regression and induction of anti-tumor immunity by local chemotherapy of guinea-pigs bearing a line-10 hepatocarcinoma. Bril, H; Claessen, AM; Scheper, RJ; Steerenberg, PA; Tan, BT; Valster, H, 1991)	0.28
" Amide 1 is effective after either oral or intraperitoneal dosing in acute, subacute, or chronic regimens."	( N-(5-fluorobenzothiazol-2-yl)-2-guanidinothiazole-4-carboxamide. A novel, systemically active antitumor agent effective against 3LL Lewis lung carcinoma. Fliri, AF; Kajiji, S; Pollack, VA; Schnur, RC, 1991)	0.28
"Ovarian carcinoma demonstrates a steep dose-response curve for cisplatin, but even very small levels of acquired resistance at the cellular level are sufficient to block the efficacy of intravenous (IV) cisplatin."	( Intraperitoneal cisplatin-based chemotherapy for ovarian carcinoma. Braly, P; Howell, SB; Kim, S; Kirmani, S; McClay, EF; Plaxe, S, 1991)	0.28
" Tolerance to rhGM-CSF was exceptional even at dose levels that exceeded the maximum-tolerated dosage (MTD) reported for adults."	( Therapeutic effects and pharmacokinetics of recombinant human granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor in childhood cancer patients receiving myelosuppressive chemotherapy. Bowman, LC; Douglass, EC; Evans, WE; Fairclough, DL; Furman, WL; Huhn, RD; Petros, WP; Pratt, CB; Santana, VM; Stute, N, 1991)	0.28
" An important cause of reduced benefit from chemotherapy among elderly patients may be the reduced dosage of cisplatin."	( Cisplatin combination chemotherapy for elderly patients with urothelial tumours. Amato, R; Dexeus, FH; Finn, L; Fitz, K; Logothetis, CJ; Sella, A, 1991)	0.28
"We have previously demonstrated that individualized dosing of etoposide (VP16) by 72-hour infusion is feasible and that the extent of leukopenia is a function of plasma concentration, pretreatment WBC (WBCp), albumin (ALB), performance status (PS), and bone marrow function (based on transfusion requirements)."	( Pharmacologically based dosing of etoposide: a means of safely increasing dose intensity. Berezin, F; Mick, R; Ratain, MJ; Schilsky, RL; Vogelzang, NJ, 1991)	0.8
" The dose-response curve of GP-7 on SGC-7901 cell was similar to that of etoposide (VP-16)."	( [Antitumor activity of 4-(4''-(2'',2'',6'',6''-tetramethyl-1''-piperidinyoxy)amino)-4'- demethyl epipodophyllotoxin in vitro]. Chen, YZ; Jia, ZP; Li, JX; Liang, ZD; Tian, X; Wang, YG; Zhang, PY, 1990)	0.51
" The VIhP regimen for salvage therapy gives the same rate of long term survivors than the regimen with conventional cisplatin dosage (VIP) but is much more toxic and cannot be recommended."	( [Salvage chemotherapy of non-seminomatous germ cell tumors. Phase II trial of a combination of etoposide, ifosfamide and high-dose cisplatin]. Azab, M; Bouleuc, C; Droz, JP; Ghosn, M; Hayat, M; Ostronoff, M; Pico, JL; Ribrag, V; Theodore, C, )	0.35
" Treatment was repeated every 3 weeks for a maximum of six courses and no dosage reductions were allowed."	( Ifosfamide, doxorubicin and etoposide in small cell lung cancer patients with poor prognosis. Bronchud, MH; Kamthan, AG; Lind, MJ; Ranson, MR; Steward, WP; Stout, R; Thatcher, N, 1990)	0.57
" If this first cycle was well tolerated the dosage was escalated to 200 mg/m2 days 1-3."	( Phase II clinical evaluation of etoposide (VP-16-213, Vepesid) as a second-line treatment in ovarian cancer. Results of the South-East European Oncology Group (SEEOG) Study. Eckhardt, S; Hernádi, Z; Kerpel-Fronius, S; Mechl, Z; Pawlicki, M; Sopkova, B; Telekes, A; Thurzó, L, 1990)	0.56
" The dosage of etoposide produced 175% of the increase of lifespan as described previously."	( [Etoposide-induced deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) damage and its effects on nucleotide pools in murine leukemia L1210 cells]. Kawasaki, H; Ohkubo, T; Ooi, K; Sakurai, M, 1990)	1.54
" rhG-CSF dosage was gradually diminished and stopped once an adequate granulocyte count was maintained."	( Recombinant human granulocyte colony-stimulating factor hastens granulocyte recovery after high-dose chemotherapy and autologous bone marrow transplantation in Hodgkin's disease. Cabanillas, FF; Fogel, B; Hagemeister, FB; Jagannath, S; Souza, LM; Spinolo, JA; Spitzer, G; Taylor, KM; Tucker, SL, 1989)	0.28
" At the highest etoposide dosage tested, 42% of patients had leukopenia less than 2000/mm3."	( A phase I-II study of sequential infusion VP-16 and cisplatin therapy in advanced lung cancer. Jett, JR; Krook, JE; Little, C, 1989)	0.62
" Prophylactic antibiotics or dosage modification may prevent the early death of these high risk patients."	( Patients at risk of chemotherapy-associated toxicity in small cell lung cancer. Ash, CM; Earl, HM; Geddes, DM; Harper, PG; Morittu, L; Souhami, RL; Spiro, SG; Tobias, JS, 1989)	0.28
"5 mg IV days 1 and 5; and etoposide, 60 mg/m2 IV days 3 through 5; all repeated every 3 weeks with dosage adjustments."	( Primary chemotherapy of brain metastasis in small-cell lung cancer. Dhingra, HM; Glisson, BS; Holoye, PY; Hong, WK; Lee, JS; Murphy, WK, 1989)	0.58
"Thrombocytopenia, the dose-limiting toxicity of carboplatin, is manageable and predictable with the dosing equation: Dose (mg/m2) = (0."	( A novel pharmacodynamically based approach to dose optimization of carboplatin when used in combination with etoposide. Abrams, JS; Aisner, J; Belani, CP; Egorin, MJ; Eisenberger, M; Hiponia, D; Van Echo, DA, 1989)	0.49
" Our results show that all five drugs exhibited a dose-response relationship against tumor cells and GM-CFUC."	( Differential cytotoxic activity of chemotherapy agents on colony-forming cells from human tumors and normal bone marrow in vitro. Ajani, JA; Baker, FL; Blaauw, AA; Dicke, KA; Spitzer, G; Thielvoldt, D; Tomasovic, B; Umbach, G; Zander, AR, 1985)	0.27
" At every dosage examined, pretreatment with etoposide given 6 hr before ara-C was the most effective antitumor schedule in L1210 leukemia."	( [Studies on the relationship between therapeutic schedule and antitumor effect of etoposide and cytosine arabinoside in murine L1210 leukemia]. Kawasaki, H; Ohkubo, T; Ooi, K; Sakurai, M, 1989)	0.76
" The dose-response curve of GP-1 was a parabolic one, while that of VP-16 was a straight line."	( [Podophyllic acid piperidyl hydrazone nitroxide radical and etoposide on nucleic acids and protein metabolism of leukemia L7712 cells in vitro]. Liang, ZD; Mao, XJ; Tian, XA; Wang, JZ; Zhang, PY, 1989)	0.52
" VP 16-213 was applied on days 1 and 5 by a 1-h infusion of 100 mg/m2 followed by a 23 h infusion, the dosage of which was escalated in three steps from 110 mg/m2 over 200 mg/m2 to 230 mg/m2 in subsequent patients."	( Treatment of refractory acute myeloid leukemia with mAMSA and VP 16-213 in combination: results of a clinical phase I/II study. Achterrath, W; Büchner, T; Hiddemann, W; Preusser, P; Urbanitz, D, )	0.13
"The concepts of dose-response and intensity-response are distinguished via analysis of chemotherapeutic regimens for small cell lung cancer (SCLC) and non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) with methodology previously described."	( The importance of dose and dose intensity in lung cancer chemotherapy. Murray, N, 1987)	0.27
" Courses were repeated at 3 week intervals with the trimetrexate dosage escalated according to patient tolerance."	( Trimetrexate combined with cisplatin or etoposide in the treatment of non-small cell lung cancer: a pilot study. Maroun, JA; Natale, RB; Robert, F, 1988)	0.54
" To improve these results, investigators have tried various treatment strategies, including evaluation of preclinical models of synergy, clinical trials with newer agents, and theoretic and practical considerations of dosing and scheduling."	( Cisplatin plus etoposide in small cell lung cancer. Einhorn, LH; Greco, FA; Loehrer, PJ, 1988)	0.63
"We sought to use a previously derived pharmacodynamic model for 72-hour etoposide infusions to adaptively control administration of this agent and to demonstrate that more predictable toxicity could be obtained with this dosing scheme."	( Adaptive control of etoposide administration: impact of interpatient pharmacodynamic variability. Choi, KE; Grimmer, D; Guarnieri, C; Liebner, MA; Ratain, MJ; Schilsky, RL; Senekjian, E; Vogelzang, NJ, 1989)	0.83
"4 mg of etoposide/ml) over a 30-minute period to dogs at a dosage of 40 mg/m2 of body surface."	( Hypotension and cutaneous reactions associated with intravenous administration of etoposide in the dog. Cockburn, CA; Ogilvie, GK; Reschke, RW; Tranquilli, WJ; Weigel, RM, 1988)	0.93
" There may be a steep dose-response relationship, and we have explored the use of etoposide as a single agent in a high dose (1,200 mg/m2) without bone marrow transplantation, for patients with very bulky, extensive-stage disease."	( High-dose etoposide (VP-16) in small-cell lung cancer. Greco, FA; Hainsworth, JD; Hande, KR; Johnson, DH; Porter, LL; Wolff, SN, 1985)	0.9
" Multiple courses of VP-16-213 at a dosage of 200 mg/m2 X 5 days were given 1 week apart."	( Ovarian dysfunction in patients with gestational trophoblastic neoplasia treated with short intensive courses of etoposide (VP-16-213). Chan, SY; Choo, YC; Ma, HK; Wong, LC, 1985)	0.48
" VP-16 was administered via infusion at a dosage of 60-100 mg/m2 daily for 5 days, and repeated every 3 to 4 weeks."	( [A phase II study of etoposide (VP-16) injection in primary lung cancer by cooperative study group]. Hara, K; Kado, M; Kanda, T; Matsui, Y; Oshima, S; Shima, K; Shimokata, K; Takenaka, S, 1986)	0.59
"To evaluate postulated dose-response relationships of etoposide (VP-16) for patients with recurrent small cell carcinoma of the lung, a prospectively randomized study was undertaken."	( Randomized dose-response evaluation of etoposide in small cell carcinoma of the lung: a Southeastern Cancer Study Group Trial. Birch, R; Greco, FA; Sarma, P; Wolff, SN, 1986)	0.79
"To exploit possible dose-response and combination drug synergism, 20 previously untreated patients with extensive-stage small-cell lung cancer (SCLC) received one or two courses of high-dose induction chemotherapy consisting of cyclophosphamide (100 mg/kg), etoposide (1,200 mg/m2), and cisplatin (120 mg/m2) (HDCEP)."	( High-dose induction chemotherapy with cyclophosphamide, etoposide, and cisplatin for extensive-stage small-cell lung cancer. DeLeo, MJ; Greco, FA; Hainsworth, JD; Hande, KR; Johnson, DH; Wolff, SN, 1987)	0.7
" The clinical course of this case had decided for us which route would be the most effective and would have the least side effect, also, how much of a dosage can be administered as a maximum adoptive dose of an anti-cancer agent, and what kind of a second-line chemotherapy is effective against resistant cancer cells."	( [A case report of an advanced ovarian cancer (stage T4) treated with a total amount of 1815 mg of CDDP]. Hino, K; Ibaraki, T; Katou, Y; Kiyozuka, Y; Maruyama, M; Nabuchi, K; Ninomiya, Y; Noda, T; Okamura, Y; Oku, M, 1987)	0.27
" High-dose cisplatin and VP16 is an effective association in children with advanced cancer, but cumulative dosage is limited by ototoxicity."	( High-dose cisplatin and etoposide in advanced malignancies of childhood. Dallorso, S; De Bernardi, B; Dini, G; Moroni, C; Perin, G; Rogers, D; Stura, M, 1987)	0.58
" Regression analysis of the dose-response curves was used to assess the drug concentration that inhibited 90% +/- 5% (LD90) of colony growth."	( Use of liquid culture and cell cycle analysis to compare drug damage following in vitro treatment of normal human bone marrow cells with adriamycin, arabinosyl-cytosine, and etoposide. Barreau, P; Calvo, F; Cavazzana, M; Dal Cortivo, L; Dresch, C; Facchin, P; Geny, B, 1988)	0.47
" After operation, chemotherapy with the same dosage and sequential irradiation were undergone."	( [A case report of advanced breast cancer effectively treated with etoposide, adriamycin and cis-platinum combination therapy]. Fujii, T; Kurihara, T; Owada, S; Teshigawara, O, 1988)	0.51
" This regimen and dosage schedule were well tolerated, with minimal toxicity including myelosuppression; a median WBC count nadir of 3,600 cells/mm3 (range 200-2,400); and a median platelet nadir of 215,000 cells/mm3 (range 15,000-405,000)."	( Etoposide (VP-16) in the treatment of advanced adenocarcinoma of the pancreas. Applewhite, A; Cheng, EW; Magill, GB; Sordillo, PP; Sternberg, CN, 1988)	1.72
"Complete groups of animals can be economized by application of the Box-Wilson-method to experimental determination of an optimal dosage for a drug combination."	( [Sequential animal experimental determination of optimal dosages for combinations of cytostatics using a reduced number of experimental animals (vepeside/ifosfamide combination)]. Arnold, W; Nowak, C; Steinhoff, G; Tanneberger, S, 1988)	0.27
" The dosage was 150 mg/m2/dose for each drug."	( Etoposide and cytosine arabinoside combination chemotherapy for refractory acute lymphocytic leukemia in childhood. Arakawa, S; Esumi, N; Imashuku, S; Todo, S, 1986)	1.71
" Our pilot study indicated that VP-16 160 mg/m2 intravenously daily for 5 days was well tolerated and suggested a direct dose-response correlation."	( Phase I-II trial of VP-16 in the treatment of acute nonlymphocytic leukemia and blast crisis of chronic granulocytic leukemia. Dalton, RJ; Gerstner, JB; Letendre, L; Levitt, R; Mailliard, JA; Pierre, RV; Therneau, TM, 1986)	0.27
" IC VP 16-213 produced higher drug concentration in the brain of dogs compared with IV administration and was well tolerated at the dosage used."	( Comparison of CNS penetration, tissue distribution, and pharmacology of VP 16-213 by intracarotid and intravenous administration in dogs. Burgess, MA; Feun, LG; Loo, TL; Lu, K; Savaraj, N, 1987)	0.27
" To corroborate a putative dose-response relationship, we studied, in a modified clonogenic assay, various doses and durations of exposure."	( In vitro pharmacodynamic evaluation of VP-16-213 and implications for chemotherapy. Grosh, WW; Hande, KR; Prater, K; Wolff, SN, 1987)	0.27
" In vitro, a dose-response relationship was observed, with 74% inhibition at 10 micrograms/ml (1 h incubation) and greater than 99% inhibition at 90 micrograms/ml, both in the range of clinically achievable concentrations."	( Etoposide in prostatic cancer: experimental studies and phase II trial in patients with bidimensionally measurable disease. Heston, WD; Hollander, P; Niedzwiecki, D; Scher, HI; Smart, T; Sternberg, C; Watson, RC; Yagoda, A, 1986)	1.71
" The summarized results obtained are as follows: A mode of manifestation of toxic effects was classified into immediate-type symptoms predominantly caused by the carrier and delayed-type symptoms predominantly caused by VP regardless of animal species and routes of administration, excluding the case of intravenous dosing to rabbits."	( [Toxicity studies of VP 16-213 (I)--Acute toxicity in mice, rats and rabbits]. Hamajima, Y; Ishikawa, K; Kadota, T; Kai, S; Kawano, S; Kohmura, H; Kuroyanagi, K; Ohta, K; Ohta, S; Takahashi, N, 1986)	0.27
" These animals were then mated under the consecutive administration of this drug and the females confirmed to be copulated were further dosed from day 0 through 7 of gestation."	( [Reproduction studies of VP 16-213 (I)--Oral administration to rats prior to and in the early stages of pregnancy]. Hamajima, Y; Ishikawa, K; Kadota, T; Kai, S; Kawano, S; Kohmura, H; Kuroyanagi, K; Ohta, K; Ohta, S; Takahashi, N, 1986)	0.27
" These animals were then mated under the consecutive administration of this drug and the females confirmed to be copulated were further dosed from day 0 through 7 of gestation."	( [Reproduction studies of VP 16-213 (V)--Intravenous administration to rats prior to and in the early stages of pregnancy]. Hamajima, Y; Ishikawa, K; Kadota, T; Kai, S; Kawano, S; Kohmura, H; Kuroyanagi, K; Ohta, S; Takahashi, N; Tanaka, T, 1986)	0.27
" Additional patients should be evaluated to establish more precise guidelines for dosing etoposide in patients with abnormal liver function."	( Etoposide pharmacokinetics in patients with normal and abnormal organ function. Arbuck, SG; Cooper, C; Crom, WR; Douglass, HO; Evans, WE; Goodwin, P; Silk, Y, 1986)	1.94
" Using this schedule, the maximally tolerated dosage of VP-16 was 150 mg/m2/day for patients with good performance status and 125 mg/m2/day for more debilitated cancer patients."	( Phase I clinical and pharmacological study of 72-hour continuous infusion of etoposide in patients with advanced cancer. Bennett, CL; Choi, KE; Schilsky, RL; Senekjian, E; Sinkule, JA, 1987)	0.5
" We are uncertain about the pharmacologic basis of these results but suggest that the increased dosage and more frequent administration of VP-16, relative to that of VM-26, was sufficient to overcome apparent resistance to the latter compound."	( Etoposide (VP-16) with prednisone and vincristine for the treatment of refractory acute lymphoblastic leukemia. Abromowitch, M; Bowman, WP; Ochs, J; Rivera, G, 1985)	1.71
" The drug dosage ranged from 100 to 200 mg/m2 administered biweekly until remission was achieved, and then at 1- to 3-week intervals as maintenance therapy."	( Use of VP-16-213 in the treatment of familial erythrophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis. Alvarado, CS; Buchanan, GR; Kim, TH; Ragab, AH; Sartain, P; Zaatari, G, 1986)	0.27
" The drug combination was administered by intravenous infusion twice a week for two consecutive weeks at a dosage of 150 mg/m2 for each drug."	( [Etoposide (VP 16/NK 171) and cytosine arabinoside combination chemotherapy in refractory childhood leukemia]. Arakawa, S; Esumi, N; Imashuku, S; Todo, S, 1986)	1.18
" The oral dosage unit was etoposide solubilized in a polyethylene glycol-based vehicle in a soft gelatin capsule formulation."	( Bioavailability and pharmacokinetics of etoposide (VP-16). Comis, RL; Pfeffer, M; Scalzo, A; Smyth, RD, 1985)	0.84
" VP 16-213 was administered orally at the dosage of 100 mg/mq for 5 consecutive days every 3 weeks."	( Phase II trial of oral VP 16-213 (etoposide) in patients with advanced head and neck cancer. Barzan, L; Carbone, A; Caruso, G; Comoretto, R; Crivellari, D; Grigoletto, E; Magri, MD; Tirelli, U; Veronesi, A, 1985)	0.55
" Such a time-qualified treatment resulted in increased long-term survival rate, highest peripheral leukocyte count at nadir, and lowest body weight loss, as compared to results from drug dosing in the activity span."	( Circadian rhythm in tolerance of mice for etoposide. Bailleul, F; Horvath, C; Lévi, F; Mathé, G; Mechkouri, M; Reinberg, A; Roulon, A, 1985)	0.53
" Combination of vinblastine and bleomycin requires high dosage and a 5 day course of bleomycin."	( [Chemotherapy of malignant testicular germ cell tumors: current state in children and adults]. Göbel, U; Weissbach, L, )	0.13
" Vincristine dosage was the same in both arms of the study."	( Lack of potentiation of vincristine-induced neurotoxicity by VP-16-213. Cooper, MR; Jackson, DV; Muss, HB; Pope, EK; Richards, F; Spurr, CL; Stuart, JJ; Wells, HB; White, DR, 1983)	0.27
" Schedule dependency in both animal models and clinical trials has been observed; multiple dosing over three to five consecutive days is superior to weekly single dose administration."	( Etoposide: a semisynthetic epipodophyllotoxin. Chemistry, pharmacology, pharmacokinetics, adverse effects and use as an antineoplastic agent. Sinkule, JA, )	1.57
"Pharmacokinetic measurements to monitor and design cytotoxic treatments in cancer patients are being used more and more in order to optimize dosage and administration schedules."	( Pharmacokinetic studies in lung cancer patients. Cattaneo, MT; Piazza, E; Varini, M, 1984)	0.27
"In a phase I study the combination of AMSA and etoposide was applied to 12 patients with intensively pretreated, refractory AML to evaluate the basis for a subsequent phase II study in terms of drug dosage and timing."	( [Combined therapy with AMSA and etoposide (VP 16-213) in refractory acute myeloid leukemia. A phase I study]. Achterrath, W; Balleisen, L; Büchner, T; Hiddemann, W; Kirchhof, B; Preusser, P; Stenzinger, W; Urbanitz, D, 1984)	0.81
" Recent studies in man support the dose-response relationship of etoposide."	( High-dose etoposide for refractory malignancies: a phase I study. de Vries, EG; Meinesz, AF; Mulder, NH; Postmus, PE; Sleijfer, DT; Vriesendorp, R, 1984)	0.91
" Increasing the drug dosage produced proportionally higher peak plasma etoposide concentrations (27 to 114 micrograms/ml) and total areas under the concentration-time curve (9,200 to 48,000 micrograms/ml X min)."	( Pharmacokinetics of high-dose etoposide (VP-16-213) administered to cancer patients. Greco, FA; Hande, KR; Noone, RM; Wedlund, PJ; Wilkinson, GR; Wolff, SN, 1984)	0.79
" Response, defined as improvement in both clinical examination and computed tomography scan in absence of glucocorticoids dosage increase, was observed in three (17%) of 18 evaluable patients, lasting greater than 21, seven, and two months, respectively."	( Etoposide (VP-16-213) in malignant brain tumors: a phase II study. Canetta, R; D'Incalci, M; Franchin, G; Galligioni, E; Grigoletto, E; Rossi, C; Tirelli, U; Trovò, MG; Tumolo, S; Veronesi, A, 1984)	1.71
" A comparison of drug dosage in the group receiving TPN and the group receiving standard nutrition is a measure of drug tolerance in these patients."	( A prospective randomized study of adjuvant parenteral nutrition in the treatment of diffuse lymphoma: effect on drug tolerance. Brennan, MF; Fisher, RI; Popp, MB; Simon, RM, 1981)	0.26
"The two dosage schedules of VP16 that gave the least and the greatest efficacy in Lewis lung carcinoma of the mouse were selected for evaluation of the cytokinetic effects observable in vivo at different intervals after treatment (schedule A: 40 mg/kg IV, on day 8 after transplant; schedule B: 13 mg/kg IV, repeated on days 8, 11, and 14 after transplant)."	( Flow-cytometric analysis of DNA distribution after VP16-213 treatment of Lewis lung carcinoma. Broggini, M; Colombo, T; D'Incalci, M; Erba, E; Morasca, L; Torti, L; Ubezio, P; Vaghi, M, 1983)	0.27
" Since preliminary clinical information suggests that this drug is well tolerated at high doses, further development of this agent in Phase II trials with multiple dosing schedules is warranted."	( Activity of NK 611, a new epipodophyllotoxin derivative, against colony forming units from freshly explanted human tumours in vitro. Depenbrock, H; Hanauske, AR; Kaeser-Fröhlich, A; Lehmer, A; Rastetter, J; Rotter, M; Schneider, P; Wüster, KC, 1995)	0.29
" However, no dosage adjustment could be performed with this oral etoposide formulation because of its large intraindividual bioavailability."	( [Relations between hematological toxicity and total and free plasma levels of etoposide in daily oral administration]. Bugat, R; Canal, P; Chatelut, E; Chevreau, C; De Fenin, V; Houin, G; Lavit, M; Lochon, I, 1995)	0.76
" The AUC could be estimated using a model utilizing plasma etoposide concentration at only two time points, 4 h and 6 h after oral dosing (R2 = 98."	( Pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of prolonged oral etoposide in women with metastatic breast cancer. Balmanno, K; Chapman, F; Charlton, CJ; Gumbrell, L; Lind, MJ; Matthews, JP; Millward, MJ; Newell, DR; Proctor, M; Yuen, K, 1995)	0.78
" Intricate dose-response surfaces of the effects of the different treatments on colony-forming units-erythroid, reticulocytes, hematocrit, colony-forming units-granulocyte/macrophage, and absolute neutrophil count were obtained, which revealed that: (a) simultaneous EPO administration was able to maintain reticulocyte production and to protect mice from VP-16 induced anemia; (b) simultaneous G-CSF administration was able to maintain granulocyte production and to protect mice from VP-16 induced neutropenia; (c) VP-16 dose escalation was feasible when EPO or G-CSF were simultaneously administered; and (d) no increased myelotoxicity on erythroid or granuloid progenitors was observed when EPO or G-CSF was simultaneously administered with VP-16."	( Hemotoxicity by prolonged etoposide administration to mice can be prevented by simultaneous growth factor therapy. de Haan, G; Dontje, B; Engel, C; Loeffler, M; Nijhof, W, 1995)	0.59
" The dosage of paclitaxel was escalated from 75 to 225 mg/m2."	( A phase I study of ifosfamide/carboplatin/etoposide/paclitaxel in advanced lung cancer. Carey, RW; Elias, AD; Grossbard, ML; Jacobs, C; Jauss, S; Kwiatkowski, DJ; Lynch, TJ; Shulman, LN; Strauss, GM; Sugarbaker, DJ, 1995)	0.56
" However, the highest dosage caused serious side effects."	( In vivo effects of recombinant human lymphotoxin on human medulloblastoma xenograft: enhancement of antitumor activity of etoposide. Hotta, T; Kawamoto, K; Kiya, K; Kurisu, K; Mikami, T; Uozumi, T, 1994)	0.5
" As long as treatment is not modified for etoposide concentrations, dosing of oral etoposide must still rely on estimates of body surface area."	( Dosing of oral etoposide normalized for body surface area. Mauer, AM; Miller, AA; Tolley, EA, 1995)	0.91
" Moreover, what results can be expected if one uses effective ip chemotherapy with the standard dose in conjunction with the PBSCT-HDCT combination? Especially, if one can contact the residual tumor in the intraperitoneal cavity most likely to have a recurrence with a drug at an extremely high concentration, enabling a massive dose to the intraperitoneal cavity comparable to the standard dosage by vas internal administration with equivalent blood concentration, distant metastases may also be prevented."	( [High-dose chemotherapy (HDCT) with peripheral blood stem cell transplantation (PBSCT) in ovarian cancer patients with poor prognosis]. Hayakawa, S; Sato, S; Yajima, A, 1995)	0.29
" A clear dose-response relationship was evident between the number of CD34+ cells per kilogram infused between the number of CD34+ cells per kilogram infused and neutrophil and platelet engraftment kinetics."	( An analysis of engraftment kinetics as a function of the CD34 content of peripheral blood progenitor cell collections in 692 patients after the administration of myeloablative chemotherapy. Allen, C; Birch, R; Hazelton, B; Palmer, P; Schwartzberg, L; Weaver, CH; West, W, 1995)	0.29
" The overall response rate of 41% might be improved by increased dosage and growth factor support."	( Ifosfamide, mitoxantrone and etoposide (VIM) as salvage therapy of low toxicity in non-Hodgkin's lymphoma. Heinz, R; Hopfinger, G; Koller, E; Pittermann, E; Schneider, B, 1995)	0.58
"More effective high-dose combination regimens are needed which have broad cytotoxic activity, steep dose-response relations and non-overlapping non-hematologic toxicities (to allow administration of full doses of each agent)."	( Phase I study of high-dose ifosfamide, carboplatin and etoposide with autologous hematopoietic stem cell support. Ayash, LJ; Elias, AD; Frei, E; Gonin, R; Mazanet, R; McCauley, M; Schnipper, L; Schwartz, G; Tepler, I; Wheeler, C, 1995)	0.54
" A dose-response relationship was not apparent with the mini-ICE regimen; however, among patients receiving maxi-ICE, a dose-response relationship was suggested in those patients responding to anthracycline-based chemotherapy."	( Ifosfamide/carboplatin/etoposide chemotherapy for metastatic breast cancer with or without autologous hematopoietic stem cell transplantation: evaluation of dose-response relationships. Elfenbein, GJ; Fields, KK; Perkins, JB, 1995)	0.6
" Since ICE has substantial activity in a number of malignancies, but significant renal morbidity, real-time pharmacokinetic-guided dosing may reduce treatment-related toxicity."	( High-dose ifosfamide, carboplatin, and etoposide pharmacokinetics: correlation of plasma drug levels with renal toxicity. Andersen, J; Antman, K; Elias, A; Frel, E; Holden, S; Rosowsky, A; Schwartz, G; Tretyakov, O; Wheeler, C; Wright, JE, 1995)	0.56
"We conclude that a parameter reflective of etoposide systemic exposure (t > 1 microgram/ml) correlates more strongly with neutropenia than does dosage or other patient characteristics."	( Pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of 21-day continuous oral etoposide in pediatric patients with solid tumors. Luo, X; Mathew, P; Relling, MV; Ribeiro, RC; Sonnichsen, DS, 1995)	0.79
" Responses were observed at all dosage levels (except 350 mg weekly), with partial tumor regression documented in nine (36%) of 25 evaluable patients."	( Weekly oral etoposide in patients with Kaposi's sarcoma associated with human immunodeficiency virus infection: a phase I multicenter trial of the AIDS Clinical Trials Group. Bennett, JM; Feldstein, ML; Kahn, JO; Krown, SE; Lin, S; Metroka, CE; Paredes, J; Ratner, L; Tong, WP, 1995)	0.67
"Total dosage and administration schedule of cisplatin are associated with an increased incidence of neuropathy."	( Severe, disabling neurologic toxicity following cisplatin retreatment. Crowell, EB; Higa, GM; Wise, TC, 1995)	0.29
"It is feasible to administer frequently dosed cisplatin in combination with oral etoposide."	( Phase I study of weekly high-dose cisplatin combined with long-term oral etoposide in advanced solid tumors. de Boer-Dennert, M; Planting, AS; Stoter, G; van der Burg, ME; Verweij, J, 1995)	0.75
" From this review, an optimal dosage of 400 mg GaCl3 could be proposed to potentiate a combination chemotherapy with a platinum compound."	( Dose optimization of gallium chloride, orally administered, in combination with platinum compounds. Claeyssens, S; Collery, P; Durand, A; Kleisbauer, JP; Legendre, JM; Leroy, A; Millart, H; Paillotin, D; Robinet, G; Rousseau, A, )	0.13
" These results compare favourably with other combined modality studies, using multiple radiotherapy fractions with cisplatin-based combinations and dosage reduction for patients staged in more anatomical detail."	( Therapy for small cell lung cancer using carboplatin, ifosfamide, etoposide (without dose reduction), mid-cycle vincristine with thoracic and cranial irradiation. Burt, P; Hicks, F; Leahy, B; Lorigan, P; Prendiville, J; Stout, R; Thatcher, N, 1994)	0.53
"Agents with broad cytotoxic activity, steep linear log dose-response relationships, relative non-cross-resistance, and nonoverlapping nonhematologic toxicities can be combined to create new high-dose combination regimens."	( High-dose ifosfamide/carboplatin/etoposide with autologous hematopoietic stem cell support: safety and future directions. Antman, KH; Ayash, LJ; Elias, AD; Frei, E; Mazanet, R; McCauley, M; Schnipper, L; Schwartz, G; Tepler, I; Wheeler, C, 1994)	0.57
"Twenty-two eligible patients with hormone-refractory prostate cancer were treated with oral etoposide at a dosage of 50 mg/m2/day for 21 days in a 28-day cycle."	( Oral etoposide in the treatment of hormone-refractory prostate cancer. Cummings, GD; Flaherty, LE; Hussain, MH; Pienta, KJ; Redman, BG, 1994)	1.02
" Animals sampled 48 hours after dosing with etoposide (10 mg/kg) had no polychromatic erythrocytes in the bone marrow."	( Potent clastogenicity of the human carcinogen etoposide to the mouse bone marrow and mouse lymphoma L5178Y cells: comparison to Salmonella responses. Ashby, J; Callander, RD; Clive, D; Glover, P; Krehl, R; Poorman-Allen, P; Tinwell, H, 1994)	0.81
" Despite its high degree of efficacy in a number of malignancies, the optimal dose, schedule, and dosing form remain to be defined."	( Etoposide: current status and future perspectives in the management of malignant neoplasms. Aisner, J; Belani, CP; Doyle, LA, 1994)	1.73
" The feasibility of bolus dosing and treatment at high concentrations has been demonstrated, with no effects on the cardiovascular system being noted."	( Clinical and pharmacokinetic overview of parenteral etoposide phosphate. Albert, E; Igwemezie, LN; Morgenthien, E; Randolph, J; Santabárbara, P; Schacter, LP; Seyedsadr, M, 1994)	0.54
" The pharmacodynamics of etoposide has been studied in only a few patients with renal and (or) hepatic dysfunction and must be studied in larger populations before definitive dosing guidelines can be recommended."	( Use of etoposide in patients with organ dysfunction: pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic considerations. Stewart, CF, 1994)	1.05
" Although this schedule shows high activity in relapsed small-cell lung cancer and lymphoma, it is associated with significant toxicity (around one-third of patients experience grade III/IV leukopenia or neutropenia), which may be related to the observation that the etoposide dose delivered per course in these studies is higher than that obtained with standard dosing over 3-5 days."	( Schedule-dependent topoisomerase II-inhibiting drugs. Joel, SP; Slevin, ML, 1994)	0.47
"A time- and dose-dependent thymic atrophy was observed in young male Fischer 344 rats dosed intraperitoneally with etoposide (10, 30, or 100 mg/kg)."	( The involvement of apoptosis in etoposide-induced thymic atrophy. Carthew, P; Cohen, GM; Dinsdale, D; Snowden, RT; Sun, XM, 1994)	0.78
" A course of radiotherapy consisted of 5 consecutive fractions (3 Gy per fraction, 1 fraction per day) for a total dosage of 15 Gy per course."	( Alternated approach with local irradiation and combination chemotherapy including cisplatin or carboplatin plus epirubicin and etoposide in intermediate stage non-small cell lung cancer. Anania, C; Casaretti, R; Comella, G; Comella, P; Curcio, C; Daponte, A; Maiorino, A; Musetta, G; Scoppa, G, 1994)	0.49
" As a rule of dosing schedule for chemo-hormonal therapy, 30-60mg/sq m of etoposide was continuously administered for 5 days before operation in addition to 250-500 mg of diethylbestrol diphosphate given for 30 days after operation."	( [Surgical neoadjuvant chemo-hormonal therapy for advanced prostatic carcinoma]. Maruoka, M; Miyauchi, T; Nagayama, T; Nishikawa, Y, 1994)	0.52
" Nevertheless, we found a dose-response effect in these patients with relapsed and resistant Hodgkin's disease."	( Dose intensification with autologous bone-marrow transplantation in relapsed and resistant Hodgkin's disease: results of a BNLI randomised trial. Chopra, R; Goldstone, AH; Hancock, B; Hudson, GV; Linch, DC; McMillan, A; Milligan, D; Moir, D; Winfield, D, 1993)	0.29
" The CPA dosage was escalated from 30 mg/kg/d in cycle no."	( Dose-intensive cyclophosphamide with etoposide and vincristine for pediatric solid tumors: a phase I/II pilot study by the Australia and New Zealand Childhood Cancer Study Group. Colnan, L; Kannourakis, G; Kellie, S; Lockwood, L; McCowage, G; Nayanar, V; Seshadri, R; Shaw, P; Tiedemann, K; White, L, 1994)	0.56
" A dose-response study of 8 shows that it is 20 times more active in formation of protein-linked DNA breaks than etoposide."	( Antitumor agents. 148. Synthesis and biological evaluation of novel 4 beta-amino derivatives of etoposide with better pharmacological profiles. Cheng, YC; Guo, X; Lee, KH; Zhang, YL, 1994)	0.72
" Recent studies indicate that chronic--for example 21 days--administration of low dose etoposide may be a more effective dosage schedule for some malignancies."	( Clinical pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of epipodophyllotoxins. Evans, WE; McLeod, HL, 1993)	0.51
"Seventeen patients with APL were salvaged with ATRA at a dosage of 50 mg/m2/day for 3 months or until complete remission (CR) was achieved; idarubicin (12 mg/m2/day for 4 days) was added if blast plus promyelocyte count either was or reached > or = 10 x 10(3)/microliters."	( All-trans retinoic acid followed by chemotherapy for salvage of refractory or relapsed acute promyelocytic leukemia. Cortes, JE; Estey, E; Hirsh-Ginsberg, C; Kantarjian, H; Keating, M; Koller, C; O'Brien, S; Robertson, LE; Stass, S, 1994)	0.29
" Carboplatin dosing by the area under the curve (AUC) may minimize thrombocytopenia."	( Ifosfamide, carboplatin, and etoposide plus granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor: a phase I study with apparent activity in non-small-cell lung cancer. Comis, R; Haas, N; Kilpatrick, D; Krigel, RL; Langer, C; Padavic, K; Palackdharry, CS, 1994)	0.58
" For consolidation with NOVE, rhGM-CSF was given according to the same dosage schedule."	( Idarubicin/cytosine arabinoside and mitoxantrone/etoposide for the treatment of de novo acute myelogenous leukemia. Del Valle, F; Döhner, H; Ehrhardt, R; Fischer, JT; Haas, R; Ho, AD; Huberts, H; Hunstein, W; Kaplan, E; Witt, B, 1993)	0.54
" Hematopoietic colony-stimulating factors decrease the duration of the resultant severe neutropenia but optimal dosing regimens of these cytokines have not yet been determined."	( Granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor given before dose-intensive cyclophosphamide, etoposide, and cisplatin (DICEP). Ferguson, J; Holdsworth, MT; Martinez, L; Neidhart, JA; Roon, R; Stidley, CA, 1993)	0.5
" The authors performed a dose-escalation trial of ifosfamide with a fixed dosage of etoposide, with mesna uroprotection, in children with multiply recurrent acute leukemia."	( Ifosfamide with mesna uroprotection and etoposide in recurrent, refractory acute leukemia in childhood. A Pediatric Oncology Group Study. Bell, B; Bernstein, ML; Buchanan, GR; Devine, S; Dreyer, Z; Grier, H; Krischer, J; Kung, F; Land, V; Whitehead, VM, 1993)	0.78
" In this group dosage was calculated per kg."	( [Pharmacokinetics of etoposide short-term infusions within the scope of the GPOH therapy protocol]. Boos, J; Jürgens, H; Pröbsting, B; Real, E; Schulze-Westhoff, P; Wolff, J, )	0.45
"To complete research in this type of coagulation and cancer, a multicentric randomized clinical trial was performed, including 303 patients with small cell lung cancer (SCLC), treated by the addition of aspirin at 1 g/day (a dosage at which aspirin is considered to be a platelet aggregation inhibitor) to combined chemotherapy."	( No effect of an antiaggregant treatment with aspirin in small cell lung cancer treated with CCAVP16 chemotherapy. Results from a randomized clinical trial of 303 patients. The "Petites Cellules" Group. Chastang, C; Fabre, C; Lebeau, B; Massin, F; Muir, JF; Vincent, J, 1993)	0.29
" In addition it offered a simple and convenient dosing regimen and a safer side-effect profile."	( The antiemetic efficacy and safety of granisetron compared with metoclopramide plus dexamethasone in patients receiving fractionated chemotherapy over 5 days. The Granisetron Study Group. , 1993)	0.29
"Until now, no dose-response correlation has been clearly defined in small cell lung cancer (SCLC)."	( Granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor increases dose intensity of chemotherapy in small cell lung cancer. Relationship between clinical results, peripheral blood cell modifications, and bone marrow kinetics. Chieco-Bianchi, L; Comis, S; Danova, M; Favaretto, A; Ghiotto, C; Giordano, M; Paccagnella, A; Panozzo, M; Pappagallo, G; Riccardi, A, 1993)	0.29
" In the trial, the dosage of granisetron tablet was 2 mg once a day, and the drug was given before each chemotherapy for 6 consecutive days."	( [Study on the inhibitory effect of oral granisetron against nausea/vomiting induced by cytosine arabinoside containing chemotherapy for tumors in the hematopoietic organs]. Gondo, H; Harada, M; Matsuishi, H; Omori, F; Otsuka, T; Shibuya, T; Taniguchi, S; Teshima, T; Yamano, Y; Yamazaki, K, 1993)	0.29
" Predictive error did not increase with increasing AUC, whereas a marked increase in predictive error was seen for dosing according to body surface area."	( Etoposide pharmacokinetics in children: the development and prospective validation of a dosing equation. Cole, M; Lowis, SP; Newell, DR; Pearson, AD, 1993)	1.73
" The clear relationship between hematologic toxicity and carboplatin systemic exposure supports the use of targeted dosing in further trials of ICE chemotherapy."	( Phase I study of escalating targeted doses of carboplatin combined with ifosfamide and etoposide in children with relapsed solid tumors. Bowman, LC; Douglass, E; Furman, W; Hudson, M; Marina, NM; Meyer, W; Rodman, J; Santana, VM; Shema, SJ; Wilimas, J, 1993)	0.51
"Several randomized trials of various malignancies treated with cisplatin indicate a dose-response relationship with higher MST and longer survival achieved with high-dose compared to standard dose cisplatin regimens."	( Intraperitoneal high-dose cisplatin and etoposide with systemic thiosulfate protection in second-line treatment of advanced ovarian cancer. Malmström, H; Rasmussen, S; Simonsen, E, 1993)	0.55
"The study was designed to define the activity of the combination of cisplatin and etoposide as third-line chemotherapy for advanced breast cancer and to investigate the role of the dosage of cisplatin on the effectiveness of the combination."	( Cisplatin and VP16 in metastatic breast carcinoma as a third-line chemotherapy: a randomized study comparing low versus high doses of cisplatin. Bacchi, M; Belsanti, V; Bertusi, M; Bisagni, G; Buzzi, F; Ceci, G; Cocconi, G; Rodinò, C, )	0.36
" When used for a large number of patients, this practicable and simple model is an instrument for use in prospective studies, to measure a correlation between drug dosage and efficacy or toxicity of the drug."	( Limited sampling models for reliable estimation of etoposide area under the curve. Fritsch, HW; Holz, JB; Jungclas, H; Köppler, H; Pflüger, KH; Schmidt, L, 1995)	0.54
"Twenty eligible patients with NHL and chronic lymphatic leukemia (CLL), resistant to or relapsed after previous protocols of polychemotherapy were treated with oral etoposide at a dosage of 50 mg/m2/day for 21 days in a 28-day cycle."	( Severe myelotoxicity of oral etoposide in heavily pretreated patients with non-Hodgkin's lymphoma or chronic lymphatic leukemia. Bairey, O; Blickstein, D; Hadar, H; Lahav, M; Prokocimer, M; Shaklai, M; Shaklai, S; Sulkes, J, 1996)	0.78
" All patients needed course shortening and dosage reduction."	( Severe myelotoxicity of oral etoposide in heavily pretreated patients with non-Hodgkin's lymphoma or chronic lymphatic leukemia. Bairey, O; Blickstein, D; Hadar, H; Lahav, M; Prokocimer, M; Shaklai, M; Shaklai, S; Sulkes, J, 1996)	0.59
" These patients received a total of 16 doses of busulfan dosed as 1 mg/kg/dose q 6 h beginning at 09."	( Association of busulfan area under the curve with veno-occlusive disease following BMT. Davidson, TG; Devine, SM; Dix, SP; Geller, RB; Gilmore, CE; Heffner, LT; Hillyer, CD; Holland, HK; Jerkunica, I; Lin, LS; Mullins, RE; Saral, R; Wingard, JR; Winton, EF; York, RC, 1996)	0.29
" rhGM-CSF was administered at a dosage of 5 micrograms/kg for 10 days or until neutrophils were > 1/nl following chemotherapy."	( Recombinant human granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor after combined chemotherapy in high-grade non-Hodgkin's lymphoma--a randomised pilot study. Bergmann, L; Hoelzer, D; Karakas, T; Knuth, A; Lautenschläger, G; Mitrou, PS, 1995)	0.29
" For lymphoma, CHOP chemotherapy dosage costs are approximately half of those for CDE infusion related to the specific drug regimen and drug dosage used."	( Comparison of costs for infusion versus bolus chemotherapy administration: analysis of five standard chemotherapy regimens in three common tumors--Part one. Model projections for cost based on charges. Anderson, NR; Lokich, JJ; Moore, CL, 1996)	0.29
" The principle cost differences between bolus and infusional schedules relate to drug dosage and the toxicity profile."	( Comparison of costs for infusion versus bolus chemotherapy administration: analysis of five standard chemotherapy regimens in three common tumors--Part one. Model projections for cost based on charges. Anderson, NR; Lokich, JJ; Moore, CL, 1996)	0.29
" Rapid conversion of etoposide phosphate into etoposide by dephosphorylation occurred at all dosage levels without indication of saturation of phosphatases."	( Pharmacokinetic evaluation of high-dose etoposide phosphate after a 2-hour infusion in patients with solid tumors. Baer, J; Budman, DR; Fields, SZ; Hock, K; Ingram, R; Kreis, W; Schacter, LP; Vinciguerra, V, 1996)	0.88
" Sequential dosing protocols, administration of high-dose chemotherapy with peripheral blood progenitor cell support, and other approaches, possibly combining current treatment options, may be necessary to further improve the long-term survival of patients with relapsed NHL."	( Dose-intensive ifosfamide for the treatment of non-Hodgkin's lymphoma. Vose, JM, 1996)	0.29
" These data suggested that dosing of carboplatin should be determined individually on the basis of renal function, as recommended earlier."	( Analysis of thrombocytopenia due to carboplatin combined with etoposide in elderly patients with lung cancer. Bando, T; Fujimura, M; Kasahara, K; Matsuda, T; Nakatsumi, Y; Shibata, K, 1996)	0.53
" The optimal dosage and schedule was 40 mg kg-1 daily for 5 days."	( Therapeutic activity of CPT-11, a DNA-topoisomerase I inhibitor, against peripheral primitive neuroectodermal tumour and neuroblastoma xenografts. Ardouin, P; Bénard, J; Bissery, MC; Boland, I; Bressac-de-Paillerets, B; Gouyette, A; Gyergyay, F; Morizet, J; Terrier-Lacombe, MJ; Vassal, G; Vénuat, AM, 1996)	0.29
" In addition, many patients do not receive optimal dosing of systemic chemotherapy after nephrectomy."	( Platinum-based chemotherapy for advanced transitional cell carcinoma of the upper urinary tract. Blute, ML; Lerner, SE; Richardson, RL; Zincke, H, 1996)	0.29
" In conclusion, etoposide was not active against non-small-cell lung cancer at the dosage and schedule employed."	( [Early phase II study of oral administration of etoposide for 21 consecutive days in patients with non-small-cell lung cancer]. Hayasaka, S; Kinuwaki, E; Komatsu, H; Nakabayashi, T; Nakai, Y; Niitani, H; Nishikawa, H; Ohizumi, K; Saito, R; Shimizu, T, 1995)	0.89
" At least three patients were treated at each dosage level until dose-limiting toxicity was observed."	( A randomized phase I study of oral etoposide with or without granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor for the treatment of patients with advanced cancer. DeMoor, C; Eckardt, JR; Rinaldi, DA; Rodriguez, GI; Shaffer, DW; Stephens, C; Von Hoff, DD; Weiss, GR, 1996)	0.57
"fraction-1, twice a day, total dosage of 69."	( Hyperfractionated radiotherapy combined with simultaneous chemotherapy in inoperable non-small cell lung cancer: a pilot study. Aras, AB; Arican, AH; Esassolak, MA; Haydaroğlu, A; Ozkök, S; Yalman, D, 1995)	0.29
" Initial dosage was 1 g/d for HY and 150 mg/week for VP16, orally (doubled in case of visceral involvement)."	( A randomized trial of hydroxyurea versus VP16 in adult chronic myelomonocytic leukemia. Groupe Français des Myélodysplasies and European CMML Group. Copplestone, A; Couteaux, ME; Deconinck, E; Economopoulos, T; Fenaux, P; Foussard, C; Guerci, A; Hecquet, B; Mahé, B; Michaux, JL; Mufti, G; Oscier, D; Pegourié, B; Resegotti, L; Stoppa, AM; Voglova, V; Wattel, E, 1996)	0.29
"The addition of IFN-alpha to induction CT appears to confer a survival benefit to SCLC patients but optimal dosing schedule has yet to be defined."	( Interferon alpha-2a and combined chemotherapy as first line treatment in SCLC patients: a randomized trial. Charitopoulos, K; Dimitriadis, K; Economides, D; Maglaveras, N; Papagiannis, A; Vamvalis, C; Zarogoulidis, K; Ziogas, E, 1996)	0.29
" The MTD defined by this Phase I trial represents a 67-100% increase in etoposide and a 32-42% increase in cisplatin dosage compared to prior studies."	( A phase I/II trial of etoposide and cisplatin in extensive small cell lung cancer: a cancer and leukemia group B study. Cirrincione, CT; Clamon, G; Green, MR; Herndon, JE; Luikart, SD; Maurer, LH; Mitchell, EP; Perry, MC; Van Echo, DA, 1996)	0.84
" Two patients developed exacerbation of hepatitis when the dosage of prednisolone was reduced after they had ten weeks of high dose prednisolone."	( Exacerbation of hepatitis in hepatitis B carriers following chemotherapy for haematological malignancies. Chong, R; Goh, YT; Lee, LH; Ng, HS; Tan, P; Wong, GC, 1996)	0.29
"Etoposide is a highly protein bound drug, and monitoring the concentration of free drug could help individualize dosage in oncological patients."	( Determination of unbound etoposide concentration in ultrafiltered plasma by high-performance liquid chromatography with fluorimetric detection. Aita, P; Boiocchi, M; Robieux, I; Sorio, R; Toffoli, G, 1996)	2.04
" If confirmed in the clinical setting, the use of prolonged dosage schedules may provide a means to decrease the risk of etoposide-induced acute myeloid leukemia without compromising treatment efficacy."	( Relationship between cytotoxicity and site-specific DNA recombination after in vitro exposure of leukemia cells to etoposide. Chen, CL; Fuscoe, JC; Liu, Q; Mahmoud, HH; Pui, CH; Relling, MV, 1996)	0.71
" Dosage 50 mg 49."	( [Etoposide 21 therapy for malignant lymphoma]. Masaoka, T, 1996)	1.2
" The etoposide prodrug etoposide phosphate (Etopophos; Bristol-Myers Squibb Company, Princeton, NJ) was administered by infusion using an adaptive dosing strategy."	( Etoposide phosphate infusion with therapeutic drug monitoring in combination with carboplatin dosed by area under the curve: a cancer research campaign phase I/II committee study. Abrahamsen, D; Boddy, A; Brampton, M; Calvert, AH; Lind, M; Newell, D; Porter, D; Robson, L; Thomas, H; Winograd, B, 1996)	2.25
" From the dose-response curves, the 50% growth inhibition (IC50) level for each drug was estimated."	( In vitro chemosensitivity of human pancreatic cancer cell lines. Oka, T; Sawabe, Y; Yamagishi, H; Yamaguchi, N; Yamamura, Y, 1996)	0.29
" The purpose of this phase I trial was to determine if granulocyte macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF) support allows the dosage of the combination of etoposide and carboplatin to be increased above the previously determined MTD."	( Phase I trial of etoposide, carboplatin, and GM-CSF in extensive small-cell lung cancer: a Cancer and Leukemia Group B study (CALGB 8832). Clamon, GH; Crawford, J; Green, MR; Herndon, JE; Hollis, DR; Luikart, SD; MacDonald, M; Maurer, LH; Ozer, H; Perry, MC; Wright, J, 1997)	0.83
" The pharmacodynamic relationships observed suggest the possibility of pharmacologically based dosing of EP."	( Phase I and pharmacokinetic study of etoposide phosphate by protracted venous infusion in patients with advanced cancer. Creaven, PJ; Gunton, KE; Meropol, NJ; Noel, D; Pendyala, L; Schacter, LP; Soni, N, 1997)	0.57
"Etoposide is one of the few drugs being used in conditioning regimens because of the ease with which its dosage can be escalated by a factor of 6 compared to the normal dose."	( The pharmacokinetics and toxicity of two application schedules with high-dose VP-16 in patients receiving an allogeneic bone marrow transplantation. Bewermeier, P; Hossfeld, DK; Kruger, W; Mross, K; Reifke, J; Zander, A, 1996)	1.74
" This combination of drugs at this dosage has tolerable toxicity, is efficient and deserves evaluation in phase III studies."	( Ifosfamide and etoposide in childhood osteosarcoma. A phase II study of the French Society of Paediatric Oncology. Avet-Loiseau, H; Berger, C; Bernard, JL; Brunat-Mentigny, M; De Lumley, L; Demaille, MC; Gentet, JC; Kalifa, C; Pacquement, H; Pein, F; Pillon, P; Sariban, E; Schmitt, C, 1997)	0.65
" Sequential cohorts of patients received no GM-CSF (Group I), or GM-CSF in a dosage of 5 micrograms/kg/day (Group II) or 10 micrograms/kg/day (Group III) on days 4-18 of each chemotherapy cycle."	( Granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor in association with high-dose chemotherapy (VETOPEC) for childhood solid tumors: a report from the Australia and New Zealand Children's Cancer Study Group. Carpenter, P; Lockwood, L; McCowage, GB; Shaw, PJ; Tiedemann, K; Toogood, I; White, L, 1997)	0.3
" In parallel, patients with solid tumors or non-Hodgkin's lymphomas (n = 28) treated with etoposide (500 mg/m2), ifosfamide (1500 mg/m2) and cisplatin (150 mg/m2) and identical dosing of G-CSF were analyzed."	( Blood progenitor cell (BPC) mobilization studied in multiple myeloma, solid tumor and non-Hodgkin's lymphoma patients after combination chemotherapy and G-CSF. Engelhardt, M; Henschler, R; Lange, W; Mertelsmann, R; Waller, C; Winkler, J, 1997)	0.52
"As a dose-response relationship has been suggested for cisplatin, it appeared attractive to explore high-dose-intensity regimens in non-small-cell lung cancer."	( A phase II study of weekly high-dose cisplatin combined with oral etoposide in advanced non-small-cell lung cancer. de Boer-Dennert, M; Goey, H; Kho, S; Planting, A; Schellens, J; Stoter, G; van den Bent, M; van der Burg, M; van der Gaast, A; Verweij, J, 1997)	0.53
" Recombinant GM-CSF was initially administered at standard dosage (5 micrograms/kg/day) until a white blood cell count > or = 2 x 10(9)/L was achieved on two consecutive examinations, and thereafter at a low dose (1 microgram/kg/day) for 5 to 9 months."	( Use of granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF) in combination with hydroxyurea as post-transplant therapy in chronic myelogenous leukemia patients autografted with unmanipulated hematopoietic cells. Andrizzi, C; Carlo-Stella, C; Garau, D; Mandelli, F; Meloni, G; Montefusco, E; Regazzi, E; Rizzoli, V; Savoldo, B; Vignetti, M, )	0.13
") dolasetron dosing regimens in patients receiving their first course of high-dose (> or = 80 mg/m2) cisplatin."	( A double-blind, randomized study of two different dosage regimens of intravenous dolasetron in patients receiving high-dose cisplatin chemotherapy. Cramer, MB; Hahne, WF; Kasimis, BS; Schulman, P; Stewart, WH; Tapazoglou, E, 1997)	0.3
" Appropriate dosage adjustments of warfarin should be performed if an altered response to warfarin is observed."	( Enhancement of warfarin response in a patient receiving etoposide and carboplatin chemotherapy. Hasson, NK; Le, AT; Lum, BL, 1997)	0.54
" Preliminary data also suggest the possibility of a dose-response curve for the combination."	( A randomized study of etoposide and carboplatin with or without paclitaxel in the treatment of small cell lung cancer. Birch, R; Bobo, C; Greco, FA; Hainsworth, JD; Weaver, CH, 1997)	0.61
" For further studies, the recommended dosing for previously untreated patients is carboplatin 300 mg/m2 on day 1, cisplatin 70 mg/m2 on day 1, and etoposide 105 mg/m2 on days 1-3."	( Combination chemotherapy with cisplatin, carboplatin, and etoposide in advanced malignancy: a phase I trial. Camoriano, JK; Fitch, TR; Frytak, S; Rajkumar, SV; Rubin, J, 1997)	0.74
" Reduction of the treatment interval to 3 weeks and prolonging etoposide dosing to 10 days did not permit further dose intensification, as a time delay to retreatment owing to unrecovered bone marrow rapidly emerged as the DLT."	( Phase I and pharmacological study of sequential intravenous topotecan and oral etoposide. Beijnen, JH; Dubbelman, AC; Groot, Y; Herben, VM; Mandjes, IA; ten Bokkel Huinink, WW; van Gortel-van Zomeren, DM, 1997)	0.76
" At this juncture, additional phase I and II trials are required to evaluate the toxicity and efficacy of topotecan in combination with other agents and address critical issues related to optimal drug dosing and sequencing."	( Topotecan in combination chemotherapy. Kaufmann, SH; Rowinsky, EK, 1997)	0.3
" This population data base will constitute the prerequisite for adaptative control with feedback dosing for continuous oral administration of etoposide."	( Population pharmacokinetics of total and unbound etoposide. Bachaud, JM; Bugat, R; Canal, P; Chatelut, E; Chevreau, C; Houin, G; Lochon, I; Nguyen, L; Pujol, A; Tranchand, B, 1998)	0.76
" However, studies for pediatric patients are limited, and there are no systematic data on the pharmacokinetics of PIXY321 given over prolonged periods at current dosage levels."	( Clinical effects and pharmacokinetics of the fusion protein PIXY321 in children receiving myelosuppressive chemotherapy. Arnold, B; Furman, WL; Garrison, L; Hanna, R; Luo, X; Marina, N; Meyer, WH; Pratt, CB; Rodman, JH; Tonda, ME, 1998)	0.3
"Prior to work on the influence of dosing and scheduling of the drug etoposide in bone marrow cells, the DNA-damaging effects of three haemopoietic growth factors, either alone or in combination with etoposide, were investigated."	( Effects of haemopoietic growth factors in combination with etoposide on sister chromatid exchange frequencies in peripheral blood mononuclear cells. Bamford, C; Joel, SP; Liu, WM; Slevin, M, 1998)	0.78
" These studies provide clinical evidence that a dose-response effect is present for cytarabine in AML."	( Intensified induction chemotherapy with high dose cytarabine and etoposide for acute myeloid leukemia: a review and updated results of the Australian Leukemia Study Group. Bishop, JF; Bradstock, K; Lowenthal, RM; Matthews, JP; Young, GA, 1998)	0.54
" These results suggest that increasing DNM dosage in induction is one of the possible approaches to improve the outcome of adult ALL by decreasing the relapse occurrence."	( Estimated 6-year event-free survival of 55% in 60 consecutive adult acute lymphoblastic leukemia patients treated with an intensive phase II protocol based on high induction dose of daunorubicin. April, F; Meneghini, V; Perona, G; Pizzolo, G; Ricetti, MM; Solero, P; Tecchio, C; Todeschini, G; Veneri, D; Zanotti, R, 1998)	0.3
" The purpose of this study was to assess the performance of the new dosage forms, in comparison to marketed, liquid-filled capsules."	( Enhancement and modification of etoposide release from crospovidone particles loaded with oil-surfactant blends. Boltri, L; Coceani, N; De Curto, D; Dobetti, L; Esposito, P, 1997)	0.58
" In addition, the same wild-type MCF-7 cells transfected with heregulin beta-2 under the control of an inducible promoter also show this dose-response relationship to doxorubicin after the expression of heregulin beta-2 is activated by zinc."	( Induction of sensitivity to doxorubicin and etoposide by transfection of MCF-7 breast cancer cells with heregulin beta-2. Harris, LN; Lupu, R; Tang, C; Yang, D; Yang, L, 1998)	0.56
"The dose-response relationships for DNA fragmentation (assessed by pulsed-field gel electrophoresis, PFGE) and for viability (evaluated by measuring the reduction of MTT dye which can be accomplished by viable cells only) were investigated in order to discriminate between genotoxicity and cytotoxicity in the pathogenesis of DNA double-strand breaks (DSB)."	( Discrimination between genotoxicity and cytotoxicity in the induction of DNA double-strand breaks in cells treated with etoposide, melphalan, cisplatin, potassium cyanide, Triton X-100, and gamma-irradiation. Hoffmann, HD; Hormes, P; Lutz, WK; Vamvakas, S; Vock, EH, 1998)	0.51
" Phase I studies of irinotecan conducted in Europe, Japan and the US have provided useful information on optimal dosage and scheduling, as well as thorough evaluation of the toxicity profile of the drug."	( A risk-benefit assessment of irinotecan in solid tumours. Rowinsky, EK; Siu, LL, 1998)	0.3
"Pharmacokinetically guided dosing was performed in nine paediatric patients receiving etoposide."	( A study of the feasibility and accuracy of pharmacokinetically guided etoposide dosing in children. Cole, M; Lowis, SP; Newell, DR; Pearson, AD; Price, L, 1998)	0.76
"A phase II trial was conducted to evaluate the efficacy and toxicity of the Egorin's carboplatin dosing formula with 14-day oral etoposide in 38 elderly patients with small-cell lung cancer (SCLC)."	( Phase II trial of carboplatin plus oral etoposide for elderly patients with small-cell lung cancer. Atagi, S; Fukuoka, M; Furuse, K; Hirashima, T; Kawahara, M; Kobayashi, M; Komiya, T; Kudoh, S; Masuda, N; Matsui, K; Negoro, S; Ogawara, M; Yana, T, 1998)	0.77
" Etoposide was measured in the plasma on day 8 by high-performance liquid chromatography, and dosage adjustments were made for the remainder of the course."	( Therapeutic drug monitoring of 21-day oral etoposide in patients with advanced non-small cell lung cancer. Miller, AA; Niell, HB; Tolley, EA, 1998)	1.47
"In this phase II study, paclitaxel was added to the combination of cisplatin and etoposide (TPE regimen), in 37 patients with advanced non-small cell lung cancer, using a multifractionated dosing schedule."	( Paclitaxel, cisplatin, etoposide combination chemotherapy: a multifractionated bolus dose schedule for non-small cell lung cancer. Anderson, N; Bern, M; Coco, F; Dow, E; Gotthardt, S; Lokich, J; Oliynyk, P, 1998)	0.84
"Etoposide and cisplatin combination chemotherapy has modest activity in patients with extensive CUPS and, at the schedule and dosage given, it is associated with moderate toxicity."	( Continuous infusion cisplatin and etoposide chemotherapy for cancer of unknown primary site (CUPS) in Taiwan, a region with a high prevalence of endemic viral infections. Chao, Y; Chen, LT; Chen, YM; Chiou, TC; Hsieh, RK; Liu, JM; Liu, SM; Tiu, CM; Whang-Peng, J; Wu, HW, 1998)	2.02
" The influence of the dosage of etoposide on its activity and toxicity ("schedule dependency") has also been discussed."	( [Pharmacokinetic aspects of oral administration of etoposide]. Boos, J; Hempel, G; Jürgens, H; Krümpelmann, S; Schulze-Westhoff, P; Tillmann, B; Wagner, A; Würthwein, G, )	0.67
"Sixteen patients aged between 3 and 73 years received oral etoposide at a dosage of 28 mg/m2 to 149 mg/m2 in combination with oral trofosfamide for palliation."	( [Pharmacokinetic aspects of oral administration of etoposide]. Boos, J; Hempel, G; Jürgens, H; Krümpelmann, S; Schulze-Westhoff, P; Tillmann, B; Wagner, A; Würthwein, G, )	0.63
" Pharmacokinetic parameters were normalized to a dosage of 100 mg/m2."	( [Pharmacokinetic aspects of oral administration of etoposide]. Boos, J; Hempel, G; Jürgens, H; Krümpelmann, S; Schulze-Westhoff, P; Tillmann, B; Wagner, A; Würthwein, G, )	0.38
" On simulating different dosage schedules, it was seen that the duration of intermediate concentrations (0."	( [Pharmacokinetic aspects of oral administration of etoposide]. Boos, J; Hempel, G; Jürgens, H; Krümpelmann, S; Schulze-Westhoff, P; Tillmann, B; Wagner, A; Würthwein, G, )	0.38
" These adverse effects might be overcome by increasing the intensity of postremission therapy and modifying the dosing schedule."	( Remission induction therapy of untreated acute myeloid leukemia using a non-cytarabine-containing regimen of idarubicin, etoposide, and carboplatin. Bow, EJ; Gallant, G; Rubinger, M; Schacter, BA; Shore, TB; Williams, GJ; Woloschuk, D, 1998)	0.51
"Optimal dosage for chemotherapy administered to patients on chronic hemodialysis remains a difficult question."	( [Chemotherapy of small cell bronchogenic carcinoma in a patient on hemodialysis for chronic renal failure. Apropos of a case]. Clavier, J; Daniel, C; Gouva, S; Guillodo, MP; Guillou, B; Robinet, G, 1998)	0.3
" Further follow-up is required to assess the effect of dosage and the effect on survival and late toxicities."	( BEACOPP, a new dose-escalated and accelerated regimen, is at least as effective as COPP/ABVD in patients with advanced-stage Hodgkin's lymphoma: interim report from a trial of the German Hodgkin's Lymphoma Study Group. Bischoff, H; Diehl, V; Duehmke, E; Engert, A; Franklin, J; Georgii, A; Glunz, A; Haedicke, C; Hasenclever, D; Hermann, R; Holmer, L; Krause, S; Lathan, B; Loeffler, M; Paulus, U; Pfreundschuh, M; Rueffer, JU; Sextro, M; Sieber, M; Stappert-Jahn, U; Tesch, H; von Kalle, K; Winnerlein-Trump, E; Wolf, J; Wulf, G, 1998)	0.3
" Dose-response curves of melphalan, cisplatin, carboplatin, doxorubicin, and etoposide for the cell line panel were determined by measuring cytotoxicity with a 96-well-plate digital imaging microscopy (DIMSCAN) microassay."	( Drug resistance patterns of human neuroblastoma cell lines derived from patients at different phases of therapy. Groshen, S; Keshelava, N; Reynolds, CP; Seeger, RC, 1998)	0.53
" In older patients (> 60 years) the dosage of idarubicin and ifosfamide was reduced to 75% in the initial cycle."	( DIZE (dexamethasone, idarubicin, and continuous infusion of ifosfamide and etoposide): an effective and well-tolerated new regimen for patients with relapsed lymphoma. Borchmann, P; Diehl, V; Engert, A; Münch, R; Reiser, M; Schnell, R; Straub, G; Ubelacker, R; Wilhelm, M; Wörmann, B, 1998)	0.53
" Despite differences in dosage and administration schedules, etoposide Clsys was similar to previous reports."	( Pharmacodynamic profile of prolonged etoposide administration in patients with small cell lung cancer and non-Hodgkin's lymphoma. DeVore, RF; Higa, GM; Sarkar, MA, 1999)	0.82
" Our studies with cisplatin combination chemotherapy allow us to conclude that: (a) short-duration intensive induction therapy with the most active agents in optimal dosage is more important than maintenance therapy; (b) modest dose escalation increases toxicity without improving therapeutic efficacy; (c) it is possible to develop curative salvage therapy for refractory germ cell tumors; and (d) preclinical models predicting synergism, such as vinblastine + bleomycin or cisplatin + etoposide have clinical relevance."	( Testicular cancer: an oncological success story. Einhorn, EH, 1997)	0.46
"Etoposide dosage in patients with liver dysfunction remains controversial."	( Pharmacokinetics of oral etoposide in patients with hepatocellular carcinoma. Aita, P; Boiocchi, M; Cannizzaro, R; Colussi, AM; Corona, G; Robieux, I; Sorio, R; Toffoli, G; Tumolo, S, 1999)	2.05
" Our results suggest that intracarotid infusion of etoposide can increase drug delivery of concurrent antitumor agents into tumor tissue, but cerebral parenchymal cell damage is expected with a higher dosage of etoposide."	( Effect of intracarotid infusion of etoposide: modification of the permeability of the blood-brain barrier and the blood-tumor barrier in rat brain tumor model. Furuta, T; Maeda, Y; Matsumoto, K; Mizumatsu, S; Ohmoto, T; Tamiya, T, 1999)	0.83
" Group 2: disease-oriented chemotherapy, dosed to avoid blood transfusions, followed by G-CSF starting day 7 or 8, and apheresis day 13 or 14 (n = 82)."	( Superior autologous blood stem cell mobilization from dose-intensive cyclophosphamide, etoposide, cisplatin plus G-CSF than from less intensive chemotherapy regimens. Auer, I; Brown, C; Chaudhry, A; Guo, D; Jones, AR; Klassen, J; Luider, J; Morris, D; Poon, MC; Ruether, BA; Russell, JA; Stewart, DA, 1999)	0.53
" Zero interaction response surfaces are calculated from single-agent dose-response relations and compared to experimental combination data."	( CombiTool--a new computer program for analyzing combination experiments with biologically active agents. Dressler, V; Müller, G; Sühnel, J, 1999)	0.3
" These data suggest that within the high-dose range for preparative therapy, a steep dose-response may exist for breast cancer."	( A novel four-drug ablative regimen with hemopoietic stem cell rescue for patients with breast cancer: a phase II study. Burns, LJ; Gingrich, RD; Hohl, R; Joyce, J; Lee, CK; Scott, S; Tamaki, K; Wen, BC, 1999)	0.3
" DBA/2 mice are long-lived and do not have particularly high levels of cancer, suggesting either that they carry other compensatory tumour resistance alleles (such as Ahr(d)), or that, while there may be a p53 protein dosage effect for acute toxicity, lower than normal levels of p53 may still be sufficient to protect against cancer."	( Low levels of p53 are associated with resistance to tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin toxicity in DBA/2 mice. Akhtar, R; Clothier, B; Festing, MF; MacFarlane, M; Robinson, S; Smith, AG; Yang, AL, 1999)	0.3
", of 10 micrograms/mL or higher, oral administration of 50-mg etoposide as IVES appears to be a suitable dosing option."	( Bioavailability of etoposide after oral administration of the solution marketed for intravenous use: therapeutic and pharmacoeconomic perspectives. Aguilar Ponce, JL; Calderón-Flores, E; Castañeda-Hernández, G; de la Garza-Salazar, J; Dueñas-González, A; Flores-Picazo, Y; Pérez-Urizar, J; Segura-Pacheco, BA; Zinser-Sierra, JW, )	0.7
" infusion via an ambulatory infusion pump with patient-activated intermittent dosing (BAD pump) for prevention of acute and delayed nausea/vomiting in patients receiving high-dose chemotherapy (HDC) for peripheral blood progenitor cell (PBPC) mobilization (MOB) or prior to autologous PBPC rescue."	( Safety and efficacy of a continuous infusion, patient controlled anti-emetic pump to facilitate outpatient administration of high-dose chemotherapy. Belt, R; Coon, J; Cord, M; Dix, S; Geller, R; Howard, S, 1999)	0.3
" Cytarabine was given to Cohort 1 at the conventional dosage of 100 mg/m2 per day by continuous infusion for 7 days in induction and 5 days in consolidation; to Cohort 2 at high-dose (HiDAC) (3 g/m2 intravenously twice daily on days 1, 3, 5 and 7) during induction with conventional dosage during consolidation; to Cohort 3 HiDAC was given for both induction and consolidation."	( A phase I/II study of intensive dose escalation of cytarabine in combination with idarubicin and etoposide in induction and consolidation treatment of adult acute myeloid leukemia. Australian Leukaemia Study Group (ALSG). Bishop, JF; Bradstock, KF; Cobcroft, R; Eliadis, P; Enno, A; Gill, D; Herrmann, RP; Juneja, S; Lowenthal, RM; Manoharan, A; Matthews, JP; Page, FJ; Rooney, KF; Rosenfeld, D; Seldon, M; Taylor, KM; Wolf, MM; Young, GA, 1999)	0.52
"The target area under the plasma-concentration-versus-time curve (AUC)-based dosing of carboplatin using Calvert's formula is expected to result in more acceptable toxicity and greater efficacy in elderly patients with small-cell lung cancer (SCLC) than the body surface area-based dosing strategy."	( Phase II study of area under the plasma-concentration-versus-time curve-based carboplatin plus standard-dose intravenous etoposide in elderly patients with small-cell lung cancer. Hayashi, I; Isobe, H; Kurita, Y; Masutani, M; Mori, K; Nakata, K; Nishiwaki, Y; Okamoto, H; Saijo, N; Tsuchiya, S; Watanabe, K, 1999)	0.51
"First a sequential dose-response was assessed with flash electroretinogram for both eyes of light- and dark-adapted rabbits (n = 7; one rabbit for each dose) over a range of light intensities before and after intravitreal injection of VP16 or VP16P to one eye; the other eye was injected with normal saline as a control."	( Etoposide as a virocidal anticytomegalovirus therapy: intravitreal toxicology and pharmacology in rabbits. Coroneo, M; Crouch, R; Graham, G; Morlet, N; Naidoo, D; Salonikas, C; Stayt, J, 1999)	1.75
" Chemotherapy studies testing cisplatin dosage and the substitution of ifosfamide for bleomycin have not shown this to be superior to BEP."	( Management of intermediate-prognosis germ-cell cancer: results of a phase I/II study of Taxol-BEP. de Mulder, PH; de Wit, R; Louwerens, M; Rodenhuis, S; Schornagel, J; Verweij, J, 1999)	0.3
"This study was undertaken to investigate the pharmacokinetics of etoposide for optimizing its oral dosage in elderly patients with non-Hodgkin's lymphoma (NHL) using the fraction of dose absorbed calculated from the data generated from first oral and intravenous doses in the same patient."	( Optimization of oral etoposide dosage in elderly patients with non-Hodgkin's lymphoma using the fraction of dose absorbed measured for each patient. al-Rawithi, S; Berry, J; el-Yazigi, A; Ezzat, A; Legayada, ES; Raines, DA; Yusuf, A, 2000)	0.86
" The AUC of carboplatin measured in serum was lower than the target AUC; this may be related to underestimation of the glomerular filtration rate used in the dosing formula."	( Sequential dose-intensive paclitaxel, ifosfamide, carboplatin, and etoposide salvage therapy for germ cell tumor patients. Bains, M; Bajorin, DF; Bosl, GJ; Flombaum, C; Macapinlac, HA; Mariani, T; Mazumdar, M; Motzer, RJ; Reich, L; Sheinfeld, J; Tong, WP, 2000)	0.54
" Optimal dosing of carboplatin in the high-dose setting warrants further investigation."	( Sequential dose-intensive paclitaxel, ifosfamide, carboplatin, and etoposide salvage therapy for germ cell tumor patients. Bains, M; Bajorin, DF; Bosl, GJ; Flombaum, C; Macapinlac, HA; Mariani, T; Mazumdar, M; Motzer, RJ; Reich, L; Sheinfeld, J; Tong, WP, 2000)	0.54
" A doubling of the intensity of cyclophosphamide (or ifosfamide equivalent) dosing per cycle between IRS-III and IRS-IV is thought to be a key contributing factor for this improvement."	( Benefit of intensified therapy for patients with local or regional embryonal rhabdomyosarcoma: results from the Intergroup Rhabdomyosarcoma Study IV. Anderson, JR; Baker, KS; Breneman, JC; Crist, WM; Grier, HE; Link, MP; Maurer, HM; Qualman, SJ; Wiener, ES, 2000)	0.31
" These data suggest that the addition of PSC 833 to an M/E regimen for older patients with untreated AML is well tolerated but requires a reduction in M/E dosing to avoid increased toxicity."	( A phase I study of induction chemotherapy for older patients with newly diagnosed acute myeloid leukemia (AML) using mitoxantrone, etoposide, and the MDR modulator PSC 833: a southwest oncology group study 9617. Anderson, JE; Appelbaum, FR; Chauncey, TR; Chen, I; Godwin, JE; Head, DR; Kalaycio, ME; Kopecky, KJ; Kraut, EH; Leith, CP; Luthardt, FW; Moore, DF; Petersdorf, SH; Rankin, C; Shurafa, MS; Willman, CL, 2000)	0.51
" The results support that dosing of etoposide to children should be based on body surface area."	( Plasma pharmacokinetics of etoposide (VP-16) after i.v. administration to children. Eksborg, S; Frostvik-Stolt, M; Liliemark, E; Lindberg, A; Söderhäll, S, 2000)	0.88
" However, the degree of toxicity was limited in our trial and therefore attempts to increase the dosage and/or revise the administration schedule for cancer of the pharynx and T1 to T3 tumor disease appear warranted."	( Survival results of neoadjuvant chemotherapy for advanced squamous cell carcinoma of the head and neck. Ikari, T; Kano, S; Kawaida, M; Kawaura, M; Kohno, N; Nakamizo, M; Tanaka, K, 2000)	0.31
" Two dosing schedules were employed."	( A doxorubicin-based regimen used in the treatment of elderly patients with high-grade non-Hodgkin's lymphoma. Cowan, RA; Deakin, DP; Harris, M; Radford, JA; Wilkinson, PM; Wylie, JP, 2000)	0.31
" Adjustment of cytarabine and etoposide dosage was feasible for achieving targeted plasma drug concentrations; however, the potential clinical efficacy of this approach was offset by substantial acute and long-term toxicity."	( Treatment of childhood acute myelogenous leukemia with an intensive regimen (AML-87) that individualizes etoposide and cytarabine dosages: short- and long-term effects. Arnaout, MK; Behm, FG; Belt, JR; Crom, WR; Mirro, J; Radomski, KM; Raimondi, SC; Ribeiro, RC; Santana, VM; Srivastava, DK; Tong, X, 2000)	0.81
" The aim of this study was to determine the appropriate dosing of etoposide in combination with busulfan and cyclophosphamide in this setting."	( Hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT) with a conditioning regimen of busulfan, cyclophosphamide, and etoposide for children with acute myelogenous leukemia (AML): a phase I study of the Pediatric Blood and Marrow Transplant Consortium. Coppes, MJ; Gamis, A; Hagg, R; Kamani, N; Mustafa, MM; Sandler, ES; Wall, D, 2000)	0.76
" Prospective studies of pharmacokinetically guided versus surface area-based administration should be performed to validate pharmacokinetic-pharmacodynamic relationships and to facilitate optimal dosage of anticancer agents in the clinic."	( Pharmacokinetically guided administration of chemotherapeutic agents. Beijnen, JH; Mathôt, RA; Schellens, JH; van den Bongard, HJ, 2000)	0.31
" At the same time the carboplatin dosing calculation was changed and an area under the curve (AUC) formula rather than by mg/m2 was used to calculate this."	( Should high-dose chemotherapy be used to consolidate second or third line treatment in relapsing germ cell tumours? Gallagher, CJ; Gupta, RK; Kelsey, S; Lister, TA; Newland, AC; O'Doherty, CA; Oliver, RT; Shamash, J, 2000)	0.31
" It is not clear however, as to why dosing by BSA was extended to the routine dosing of antineoplastic agents."	( Body surface area as a determinant of pharmacokinetics and drug dosing. Ratain, MJ; Sawyer, M, 2001)	0.31
": J Clin Oncol 12:2607-2613, 1994] but with lower dosing of vincristine) for induction, surgical resection and 2100 cGy hyperfractionated radiotherapy for local control, and for consolidation, targeted radioimmunotherapy with 131I-labeled anti-GD2 3F8 monoclonal antibody and immunotherapy with unlabeled/unmodified 3F8 (400 mg/m2)."	( N7: a novel multi-modality therapy of high risk neuroblastoma (NB) in children diagnosed over 1 year of age. Abramson, S; Byrnes, M; Cheung, IY; Cheung, NK; Dantis, E; Finn, R; Gerald, W; Gollamudi, S; Heller, G; Kramer, K; Kushner, BH; LaQuaglia, M; Larson, SM; Mora, J; O'Reilly, RJ; Rosenfield, N; Wuest, D; Yeh, S, 2001)	0.31
" 131I-3F8 is dosed at 20 mCi/kg, which is myeloablative and therefore necessitates stem-cell support."	( N7: a novel multi-modality therapy of high risk neuroblastoma (NB) in children diagnosed over 1 year of age. Abramson, S; Byrnes, M; Cheung, IY; Cheung, NK; Dantis, E; Finn, R; Gerald, W; Gollamudi, S; Heller, G; Kramer, K; Kushner, BH; LaQuaglia, M; Larson, SM; Mora, J; O'Reilly, RJ; Rosenfield, N; Wuest, D; Yeh, S, 2001)	0.31
" Furthermore, DZ at 10-4 mol/L significantly decreased effective concentrations, EC10, EC30 and EC50, of VP-16 and the dose-response curves were shifted to the left."	( Diazepam enhances etoposide-induced cytotoxicity in U-87 MG human glioma cell line. Lavicka, J; Mirossay, A; Mirossay, L; Mojzis, J; Sarisský, M; Sulla, I, 2001)	0.64
" A good performance status, lymph node metastasis alone and administration of chemotherapy at the full dosage had a significantly favorable impact on patient survival."	( Combination chemotherapy with ifosfamide, 5-fluorouracil, etoposide and cisplatin for metastatic urothelial cancer. Fukui, I; Ishiwata, D; Kim, T; Tohma, T; Tsukamoto, T; Yonese, J; Yoshida, T, 2001)	0.55
" The carboplatin dosage was escalated from an AUC of 4 to 5 to 6 (Calvert formula)."	( Phase I and pharmacologic study of sequential topotecan, carboplatin, and etoposide. Miller, AA; Niell, HB, )	0.36
"The peak current and electron transfer rate decreased as etoposide dosage increased."	( [Study on electrochemical behavior of HL-60 cells during the etoposide-inducing apoptosis]. Li, H; Ren, X; Wang, D, 1999)	0.79
" Carmustine (BCNU) has been shown to have limited activity at conventional dosage but is still the standard chemotherapy."	( [Role of high-dose chemotherapy with hemopoietic stem-cell support in the treatment of adult patients with high-grade glioma]. Alcaraz, L; Benboubker, L; Bergemer-Fouquet, AM; Calais, G; Colombat, P; Destrieux, C; Jan, M; Linassier, C, 2001)	0.31
" Polychemotherapy with Hyper-CCVP schedule did not alter the stability of stealth liposomes, but peak levels of DOXO seemed to be somewhat lower compared to regression analysis of literature data (cmax versus dosage range from 20 to 60 mg/m2)."	( Long-term pharmacokinetics of doxorubicin HCl stealth liposomes in patients after polychemotherapy with vinorelbine, cyclophosphamide and prednisone (CCVP). Auner, HW; Czejka, MJ; Eder, I; Kraule, C; Linkesch, W; Pernegg, C; Weger, M, )	0.13
"In order to control busulfan pharmacokinetic variability and toxicity, a specific monitoring protocol was instituted in our bone marrow transplant BMT paediatric patients including a test dose, daily Bayesian forecasting of busulfan plasma levels, and Bayesian individualization of busulfan dosage regimens."	( Improved clinical outcome of paediatric bone marrow recipients using a test dose and Bayesian pharmacokinetic individualization of busulfan dosage regimens. Aulagner, G; Bertrand, Y; Bleyzac, N; Dai, Q; Galambrun, C; Janoly, A; Jelliffe, RW; Magron, P; Maire, P; Martin, P; Souillet, G, 2001)	0.31
" Despite prompt initiation of antimycotic therapy the outcome was fatal; dosage of conventional and liposomal amphotericin B was limited due to treatment-related toxicities."	( A novel type of metastatically spreading subcutaneous aspergillosis without epidermal lesions following allogeneic stem cell transplantation. Bethe, U; Cornely, OA; Pels, H; Ritzkowsky, A; Seibold, M; Soehngen, D; Toepelt, K, 2001)	0.31
" Therefore, "hyperthermo-chemotherapy" may reduce the required dosage of anticancer drug and decrease the temperature of hyperthermia on induction of apoptosis."	( The synergistic effects of hyperthermia and anticancer drugs on induction of apoptosis. Akao, Y; Ito, Y; Kawakami, M; Marukawa, O; Nakao, K; Otsuki, Y; Sasaki, S; Tachibana, S, 2000)	0.31
" Forty-nine had received prior cisplatin (median cumulative dosage 450 mg/m2); the others had received prior treatment with carboplatin."	( Retreatment with dose-dense weekly cisplatin after previous cisplatin chemotherapy is not complicated by significant neuro-toxicity. de Wit, R; Hilkens, PH; van den Bent, MJ; van der Burg, ME; van Putten, WL, 2002)	0.31
"A clinically important myelosuppression due to adjuvant chemotherapy is seen more frequently as dosage is intensified and new drugs are used."	( [Chemotherapy-associated myelosuppression in gynecological oncology]. Bergauer, F; Dimpfl, T; Janni, W; Kaestner, R; Linka, F; Rack, B; Rjosk, D; Schindlbeck, C; Sommer, H; Strobl, B, 2001)	0.31
" Although chemotherapy is useful, further study is needed for the selection of suitable chemotherapeutic regimens, optimal dosage of each drug and the timing of HD."	( [Chemotherapy for small-cell lung cancer (SCLC) patients with renal failure]. Fushimi, H; Nakajima, S; Obana, T; Okuda, K; Takenaka, M; Tanio, Y; Tsubakihara, Y; Watanabe, D; Yanagita, M, 2002)	0.31
" An appropriate dosage of etoposide for the treatment of EBV-HLH would be in the range of 1,000 to 3,000 mg/m2."	( Risk of etoposide-related acute myeloid leukemia in the treatment of Epstein-Barr virus-associated hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis. Hibi, S; Imashuku, S; Ito, E; Kitazawa, J; Kuriyama, K; Morimoto, A; Teramura, T, 2002)	1.05
" Further detailed pharmacokinetic studies of irinotecan in patients receiving concomitant therapy with enzyme-inducing anticonvulsants are required so that rational dosing recommendations can be provided for this patient population."	( Influence of phenytoin on the disposition of irinotecan: a case report. Berg, S; Bernstein, M; Blaney, SM; Cherrick, I; Kuttesch, N; Murry, DJ; Salama, V, 2002)	0.31
" Metastatic low-risk tumors (FIGO Stages II and III, WHO score < 8) should be treated with 5-day dosage schedules of methotrexate or actinomycin D, with cure rates approaching 100%."	( Treatment of gestational trophoblastic tumors. Lurain, JR, 2002)	0.31
" The new rtTA variants require higher doses of doxycycline and display a more linear dose-response curve than the original rtTA or rtTA-M2 proteins."	( A novel positive tetracycline-dependent transactivator (rtTA) variant with reduced background activity and enhanced activation potential. Gohla, G; Kämper, MR; Schlüter, G, 2002)	0.31
" At every dosage examined, pretreatment with etoposide given 6 h before ara-C was the most effective antitumor schedule in L1210 leukemia."	( [The mechanism of synergistic interaction between etoposide and cytarabine]. Ooi, K, 2002)	0.83
" However, some trials showed that increasing the dosage of anthracyclines within induction therapy improved treatment outcome substantially."	( Intensified double induction therapy with high dose mitoxantrone, etoposide, m-amsacrine and high dose ara-C for elderly acute myeloid leukemia patients aged 61-65 years. Aulitzky, W; Bodenstein, H; Clemens, M; Ehninger, G; Illmer, T; Neubauer, A; Repp, R; Schaich, M; Schäkel, U; Soucek, S; Wandt, H, 2002)	0.55
" With regard to the number of dosage courses, 4 courses are regarded as tolerable after incomplete reduction, and 3 courses as adjuvant treatment after complete extraction."	( [Treatment of malignant ovarian germ cell tumor and sex cord tumors]. Kamura, T; Ohta, S; Sugiyama, T; Tomonari, R, 2002)	0.31
" The synergistic results are promising for future combination trials in animals, however, different dosing schedules should be considered, in order to investigate whether the above findings translate into the in vivo setting."	( The combination of the antitumoural pyridyl cyanoguanidine CHS 828 and etoposide in vitro--from cytotoxic synergy to complete inhibition of apoptosis. Ekelund, S; Larsson, R; Martinsson, P; Nygren, P, 2002)	0.55
" Hematologic toxicity was significant and resulted in incomplete etoposide dosing in half of all cycles in 16/22 patients."	( Phase II study of sequential topotecan and etoposide in patients with intermediate grade non-Hodgkin's lymphoma: a National Cancer Institute of Canada Clinical Trials Group study. Couban, S; Crump, M; Eisenhauer, E; Gluck, S; Hoskins, P; Maksymiuk, A; Matthews, S; Meyer, R; Rudinskas, L; Zanke, B, 2002)	0.82
" More experience in the administration of 2-CdA to patients with renal insufficiency will be necessary to determine the need for dosage adjustment."	( Pharmacokinetics of 2-chlorodeoxyadenosine in a child undergoing hemofiltration and hemodialysis for acute renal failure. Crews, KR; Howard, SC; Hudson, JQ; Razzouk, BI; Ribeiro, RC; Wimmer, PS, 2002)	0.31
" The authors proposed a population-based Bayesian methodology to adjust routinely VP16 dosage when given as a 5-day infusion."	( Population pharmacokinetics of etoposide: application to therapeutic drug monitoring. Blanc, C; Bun, SS; Ciccolini, J; Duffaud, F; Durand, A; Favre, R; Monjanel-Mouterde, S, 2002)	0.6
" Studies of cisplatin combination chemotherapy performed by the author's group allow the following conclusions: (1) short-duration, intensive induction therapy with the most active agents in optimal dosage is more important than maintenance therapy; (2) a modest dose escalation increases toxicity without improving therapeutic efficacy; (3) it is possible to develop curative salvage therapy for refractory germ cell tumors; and (4) preclinical models predicting synergism, such as vinblastine plus bleomycin or cisplatin plus etoposide, have clinical relevance."	( Chemotherapeutic and surgical strategies for germ cell tumors. Einhorn, LH, 2002)	0.47
" These findings suggest that CDDP transfers from target organs to neck tissues of the dosage side via the lymphatic duct, and that intraarterial infusion chemotherapy is effective at the target organ and at cervical lymph nodes or cervical tissues."	( [Comparative studies of platinum concentrations in the neck tissues of rats between intraarterial and intravenous infusion of CDDP]. Kano, M; Watanabe, M, 2002)	0.31
" The feasibility of adaptive dosing was tested in 76 patients with stage IIIB and IV NSCLC, who were planned to receive 6 weekly courses of cisplatin at a starting dose of 70 mg m(-2), together with daily low oral dose of 50 mg VP16."	( Adaptive intrapatient dose escalation of cisplatin in combination with low-dose vp16 in patients with nonsmall cell lung cancer. Brouwer, E; de Boer-Dennert, M; Ma, J; Maliepaard, M; Planting, AS; Schellens, JH; van den Bent, MJ; van der Burg, ME; van der Gaast, A; van Zandwijk, N; Verweij, J, 2003)	0.32
" The dose-volume histogram (DVH) data were used to estimate the local dose-response relationship for loss of DL(CO)."	( The relationship between local dose and loss of function for irradiated lung. Forster, KM; Gopal, R; Kelly, JF; Komaki, R; Liao, Z; Starkschall, G; Stevens, C; Tucker, SL, 2003)	0.32
" For first-line chemotherapy, most investigators recommended treatment with etoposide/cisplatin, with possible dosing variations according to tolerability and convenience."	( Options for first- and second-line therapy in small cell lung cancer--a workshop discussion. Eckardt, J; Green, M; Thatcher, N, 2003)	0.55
"In the Swedish National Care Programme for Hodgkin's lymphoma (HL) a less intensive chemotherapy regimen with individualized dosing (LVPP/OEPA) was introduced in 1989."	( Patients above sixty years of age with Hodgkin's lymphoma treated with a new strategy. Enblad, G; Glimelius, B; Gustavsson, A; Sundström, C, 2002)	0.31
"Six-month intravenous chemotherapy included carboplatin plus etoposide alternating with cyclophosphamide plus vincristine (Regimen 1) and the same drugs at higher dosage plus idarubicin (Regimen 2)."	( Results of a prospective study for the treatment of retinoblastoma. Casak, S; Chantada, G; Dávila, MT; Fandiño, A; Manzitti, J; Raslawski, E; Schvartzman, E, 2004)	0.56
" Dose-response analyses showed that induction of cell death and caspase-3 activation is mediated by similar concentration ranges of both drugs."	( Drug-induced caspase-3 activation in a Ewing tumor cell line and primary Ewing tumor cells. Harms-Schirra, B; Kachel, M; Klein-Vehne, A; Körholz, D; Mauz-Körholz, C; Tunn, PU, )	0.13
" For each tumor-derived cell culture, a complete dose-response curve was established for each chemotherapeutic agent tested."	( Metastatic lung disease to the central nervous system: in vitro response to chemotherapeutic agents. Burholt, DR; Donovan, M; George, LD; Kornblith, PL; Marsh, JW, 2004)	0.32
" This observation suggests a strategy of individualized dosing adapted to hematotoxicity."	( Low acute hematological toxicity during chemotherapy predicts reduced disease control in advanced Hodgkin's disease. Brosteanu, O; Diehl, V; Hasenclever, D; Loeffler, M, 2004)	0.32
"We hypothesized that the shape of a dose-response curve would be determined by the major mechanisms of resistance of a cancer to the drug being studied."	( Phase II study of alternating chemotherapy regimens for advanced non-small cell lung cancer. MacLeod, P; Maziak, DE; Shamji, FM; Stewart, DJ; Tomiak, E, 2004)	0.32
" 71% of courses were done in full dosage (83% in low dose and 36% in high dose)."	( EMA-EP regimen, as firstline multiple agent chemotherapy in high-risk GTT patients (stage II-IV). Arab, M; Behtash, N; Ghaemmaghami, F; Hanjani, P; Khanafshar, N; Modares, M; Moosavi, AZ, )	0.13
"The purpose of this research was to determine inter- and intrapatient differences in the pharmacokinetic profiles of etoposide and its genotoxic catechol metabolite during conventional multiple-day dosing of etoposide in pediatric patients."	( Plasma etoposide catechol increases in pediatric patients undergoing multiple-day chemotherapy with etoposide. Blair, IA; Boston, R; Felix, CA; Moate, P; Pang, S; Scavuzzo, J; Zheng, N, 2004)	0.99
" Dosage reduction is generally useful to avoid haematological toxicity in patients with renal dysfunction (creatinine clearance <50 mL/min)."	( Pharmacokinetic optimisation of treatment with oral etoposide. Basso, B; Boiocchi, M; Corona, G; Toffoli, G, 2004)	0.57
" The dosage or drugs chosen for salvage therapy are limited by doxorubicin-induced cardiomyopathy."	( Phase I/II study of the rituximab-EPOCT regimen in combination with granulocyte colony-stimulating factor in patients with relapsed or refractory follicular lymphoma including evaluation of its cardiotoxicity using B-type natriuretic peptide and troponin Hayama, M; Higashihara, M; Kajiwara, K; Khori, M; Niitsu, N; Tamaru, J, 2005)	0.33
" Coadministration of the topoisomerase II catalytic inhibitor dexrazoxane in mice allows for more than 3-fold higher dosing of etoposide."	( Combining etoposide and dexrazoxane synergizes with radiotherapy and improves survival in mice with central nervous system tumors. Dejligbjerg, M; Hofland, KF; Jensen, LH; Jensen, PB; Kristjansen, PE; Rengtved, P; Sehested, M; Thougaard, AV, 2005)	0.94
" Significant interpatient variability in the topotecan systemic exposure results when it is dosed based on body surface area (mg/m2)."	( A phase I trial defining the maximum tolerated systemic exposure of topotecan in combination with Carboplatin and Etoposide in extensive stage small cell lung cancer. Donahue, A; Faucette, S; Gillenwater, HH; Kirstein, MN; Lindley, C; McCune, JS; Moore, D; Shord, S; Socinski, MA; Stewart, CF; Zamboni, WC, 2005)	0.54
" Topotecan was administered as a 30-minute infusion either on Days 1-5 or Days 1-3 and the dosage was individualized to attain a topotecan lactone AUC range (ng/mL*hr) in successive patient cohorts from 7 to 23; 24 to 36; 37 to 53; 54 to 66."	( A phase I trial defining the maximum tolerated systemic exposure of topotecan in combination with Carboplatin and Etoposide in extensive stage small cell lung cancer. Donahue, A; Faucette, S; Gillenwater, HH; Kirstein, MN; Lindley, C; McCune, JS; Moore, D; Shord, S; Socinski, MA; Stewart, CF; Zamboni, WC, 2005)	0.54
"To assess the immune response to the adenoviral vector, repetitive gene dosing was performed into rhesus monkey cervix and C3H mouse skin using the adenoviral vector carrying the lacZ gene."	( Immune responses to repetitive adenovirus-mediated gene transfer and restoration of gene expression by cyclophosphamide or etoposide. Buchl, S; Follen, M; Hamada, K; Keeling, M; Roth, JA; Sakaue, M; Sarkar, A; Sastry, J; Satterfield, W, 2005)	0.54
" Semen samples were collected at 25 and 49 days after dosing to investigate the effects of ET on meiotic pachytene cells and spermatogonial stem-cells, respectively."	( Etoposide induces chromosomal abnormalities in mouse spermatocytes and stem cell spermatogonia. Bishop, JB; Marchetti, F; Pearson, FS; Wyrobek, AJ, 2006)	1.78
" To improve treatment, voriconazole dosage was adapted to reach drug concentrations in cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) above the minimal fungicidal concentration and plasma specimens."	( Successful treatment with voriconazole of Aspergillus brain abscess in a boy with medulloblastoma. Burhenne, J; Foell, JL; Reiss, T; Rengelshausen, J; Staege, MS; Stiefel, M; Wawer, A, 2007)	0.34
" Given the increased number of early treatment-related deaths, future treatment protocols should aim to reduce chemotherapy dosage or intensity whilst maintaining low rates of resistant and recurrent disease."	( Treatment for myeloid leukaemia of Down syndrome: population-based experience in the UK and results from the Medical Research Council AML 10 and AML 12 trials. de Graaf, SS; Gibson, BE; Hann, IM; Hills, RK; O'Marcaigh, A; Rao, A; Stiller, C; Webb, DK; Wheatley, K, 2006)	0.33
" The A549 cells display a dose-response relationship to each toxin with initial responses including alterations in metabolic activity, increases in membrane permeability, and initiation of response genes."	( Alterations of A549 lung cell gene expression in response to biochemical toxins. Boesewetter, DE; Collier, JL; Kim, AM; Riley, MR, 2006)	0.33
" After April 1999, 31 patients similar in all pretransplantation risk assessments received the same regimen except that intravenous (IV) Bu was substituted for PO Bu and pharmacokinetic-directed (PKD) dosing was attempted to achieve an area under the concentration time curve of 1000-1500 micromol/min for each dose."	( Improved outcomes in intermediate- and high-risk aggressive non-Hodgkin lymphoma after autologous hematopoietic stem cell transplantation substituting intravenous for oral busulfan in a busulfan, cyclophosphamide, and etoposide preparative regimen. Aggarwal, C; Carabasi, MH; Gupta, S; Katz, RO; Nance, AG; Salzman, DE; Saylors, GB; Tilden, AB; Vaughan, WP, 2006)	0.52
" To better understand the biological importance of these two proteins, we performed a genotoxic screen on mouse embryonic stem (ES) cells impaired for either Brca2 or Blm to establish their genotoxic profiles (a cellular dose-response to a wide range of agents)."	( Embryonic stem cells deficient for Brca2 or Blm exhibit divergent genotoxic profiles that support opposing activities during homologous recombination. Hasty, P; Kim, TM; Marple, T, 2006)	0.33
"These mechanistic models, including patient characteristics that influence drug-specific parameters, form the rationale basis for more tailored dosing of individual patients or subgroups to minimize the risk of infection and thus might contribute to a more successful therapy."	( Population pharmacokinetic-pharmacodynamic model for neutropenia with patient subgroup identification: comparison across anticancer drugs. Chatelut, E; Henningsson, A; Karlsson, MO; Kloft, C; Wallin, J, 2006)	0.33
" Low course-to-course variability indicates that pharmacokinetically guided dosing of etoposide might be clinically relevant, if larger studies can demonstrate that this approach decreases toxicity or increases response rates."	( Etoposide pharmacokinetics in children treated for acute myeloid leukemia. Britt-Marie, F; Eva, L; Frost, BM; Göran, G; Gudmar, L; Gustafsson, G; Hellebostad, M; Jukka, K; Kanerva, J; Kjeld, S; Liliemark, E; Lönnerholm, G; Marit, H; Palle, J; Schmiegelow, K, 2006)	2
" Patients received local radiotherapy to a dosage of 54 Gy."	( Treatment of children with diffuse intrinsic brain stem glioma with radiotherapy, vincristine and oral VP-16: a Children's Oncology Group phase II study. Chen, Z; Fisher, PG; Freeman, C; Kepner, J; Korones, DN; Kretschmar, C; Zhou, T, 2008)	0.35
" The dosage regimen of etoposide should be taken into consideration for toxic reactions when combined with morin or dietary supplements containing morin in patients."	( Effects of morin on the pharmacokinetics of etoposide in rats. Choi, JS; Li, X; Yun, JK, 2007)	0.91
" The slope of the dose-response curve was slowly declined for etoposide, and declined sharply for doxorubicin and daunorubicin."	( Effects of topoisomerase II inhibitors on retinal pigment epithelium and experimental proliferative vitreoretinopathy. Chen, YH; Hu, DN; Kuo, HK; Wu, PC; Wu, YC; Yang, PM, 2007)	0.58
"The results show that the individual pharmacokinetics of BEACOPP drugs are an important link between dosage and toxicity."	( Population pharmacokinetics of the BEACOPP polychemotherapy regimen in Hodgkin's lymphoma and its effect on myelotoxicity. Busse, D; Diehl, V; Engert, A; Fuhr, U; Hempel, G; Jaehde, U; Jetter, A; Josting, A; Kasel, D; Klimm, B; Merkel, U; Reif, S; Rietbrock, S; Schwab, M; Wilde, S, 2007)	0.34
"Topotecan combined with PE regimen with this schedule and dosage does not seem to provide any benefit in terms of response and survival in ED-SCLC patients and does not deserve further studies."	( Addition of topotecan to standard cisplatin/etoposide combination in patients with extended stage small cell lung carcinoma. Aydiner, A; Camlica, H; Derin, D; Guney, N; Tas, F; Topuz, E, 2007)	0.6
" Depending on the intended indication and dosing regimen, PPL can delay or stop development of a compound in the drug discovery process."	( Evaluation of a published in silico model and construction of a novel Bayesian model for predicting phospholipidosis inducing potential. Gehlhaar, D; Greene, N; Johnson, TO; Pelletier, DJ; Tilloy-Ellul, A, )	0.13
" There was no compelling evidence for increased toxicity of doxorubicin when given at 100% versus 50% dosing (full dose: 20 mg/m(2) day x 3), but the number of patients analyzed was small."	( Renal failure does not preclude cure in children receiving chemotherapy for Wilms tumor: a report from the National Wilms Tumor Study Group. Breslow, NE; Feusner, JH; Green, DM; Norkool, PA; Ritchey, ML; Takashima, JR, 2008)	0.35
"The data suggest that, in the setting of renal failure, reduction of dosing is not necessary for the three main agents used for treatment of newly diagnosed Wilms tumor, and cure is not precluded."	( Renal failure does not preclude cure in children receiving chemotherapy for Wilms tumor: a report from the National Wilms Tumor Study Group. Breslow, NE; Feusner, JH; Green, DM; Norkool, PA; Ritchey, ML; Takashima, JR, 2008)	0.35
" Tuft-Lip-ETP, when administered at a dosage of 10 mg/kg body weight/day for five days, significantly reduced tumor volume, delayed tumor growth, and also up-regulated the expression of p53wt."	( Tuftsin augments antitumor efficacy of liposomized etoposide against fibrosarcoma in Swiss albino mice. Ahmad, MG; Dwivedi, V; Hakeem, S; Khan, A; Khan, AA; Owais, M, )	0.38
" Dosing based on an adjusted body surface area resulted in a dose reduction by approximately 25% as compared to dosing based on actual body surface area."	( Pharmacokinetics of doxorubicin and etoposide in a morbidly obese pediatric patient. Eksborg, S; Karlén, J; Nygren, H; Ritzmo, C; Söderhäll, S, 2007)	0.61
" Results of PBSC mobilization in these patients were compared with those of a group of 37 lymphoma patients mobilized using cyclophosphamide (CTX) at dosage of 4 g/m(2) + G-CSF 10 microg/kg/die."	( Intermediate dose etoposide plus G-CSF 16 g/kg is more effective than cyclophosphamide 4 g/m(2) plus G-CSF 10 g/kg in PBSC mobilization of lymphoma patients. Avola, G; Battiato, K; Camuglia, MG; Coppoletta, S; Giustolisi, R; Leotta, S; Mauro, E; Mercurio, S; Milone, G; Murgano, P; Pinto, V; Poidomani, M; Strano, A, 2007)	0.67
" But given the low efficacy of 5-FU in the dosage we applied in the study, it cannot be recommended as a single treatment for further studies."	( Bimonthly 24 h infusion of high-dose 5-fluorouracil vs EAP regimen in patients with advanced gastric cancer. A randomized phase II study. Babić, DR; Jelić, SB; Jezdić, SD; Krivokapić, ZV; Micev, MT; Pesko, PM; Popov, IP, 2008)	0.35
" The addition of VP-16 (ci)+VCR to an already effective dosage of CPA further prolongs TtP."	( Multiagent chemotherapy studied in a xenograft model of medulloblastoma/primitive neuroectodermal tumour: analysis of the VETOPEC regimen. Sterling-Levis, K; White, L, 2008)	0.35
" In this paper, we develop statistical methods for experimental design and data analysis of combination studies of drugs that have log-linear dose-response curves."	( Experimental design and interaction analysis of combination studies of drugs with log-linear dose responses. Fang, HB; Ross, DD; Sausville, E; Tan, M, 2008)	0.35
" These data may aid the design of studies to clarify optimal dosing and leukapheresis with pegfilgrastim."	( A phase 2 pilot study of pegfilgrastim and filgrastim for mobilizing peripheral blood progenitor cells in patients with non-Hodgkin's lymphoma receiving chemotherapy. Baker, N; Barker, P; Boogaerts, M; Canizo, CD; Johnsen, HE; Mesters, R; Russell, N; Schmitz, N; Schubert, J; Skacel, T, 2008)	0.35
" An attempt to optimize the duration of UN dosing with respect to the pharmacokinetics of etoposide in rats was carried out after intravenous (i."	( Pharmacokinetics of etoposide in rats with uranyl nitrate (UN)-induced acute renal failure (ARF): optimization of the duration of UN dosing. Choudhury, H; Harisudhan, T; Mullangi, R; Srinivas, NR; Venkatesh, P, )	0.68
"To investigate the efficacy and toxicity of bortezomib based combination therapy for Chinese patients with relapsed or refractory multiple myeloma (MM), and to determine the combination regimen, dosage and cycles in application of bortezomib for MM therapy."	( [Bortezomib-based combination therapy for relapsed or refractory multiple myeloma]. Chen, YB; Fu, WJ; Hou, J; Wang, DX; Xi, H; Yuan, ZG, 2008)	0.35
" Weight-based dosing has been suggested to better predict toxicity of the conditioning regimen."	( Effect of the dose per body weight of conditioning chemotherapy on severity of mucositis and risk of relapse after autologous haematopoietic stem cell transplantation in relapsed diffuse large B cell lymphoma. Ansell, SM; Costa, LJ; Inwards, DJ; Johnston, PB; Litzow, MR; Micallef, IN; Porrata, LF, 2008)	0.35
" Carboplatin dosage was based on glomerular filtration rate (GFR) to achieve targeted systemic exposure (6mg/ml min)."	( Renal function after ifosfamide, carboplatin and etoposide (ICE) chemotherapy, nephrectomy and radiotherapy in children with Wilms tumour. Daw, NC; Gregornik, D; Jenkins, JJ; Jones, DP; Kun, LE; Marina, N; McPherson, V; Rodman, J; Wilimas, J; Wu, J, 2009)	0.61
" The increased bioavailability of etoposide in the presence of verapamil should be taken into consideration for dosage regimens due to a potential drug interaction (DI)."	( Effects of verapamil on etoposide pharmacokinetics after intravenous and oral administration in rats. Choi, JS; Li, X; Piao, YJ, )	0.72
"Chemotherapy dosing in anticancer treatment is a balancing act between achieving concentrations that are effective towards the malignancy and that result in acceptable side-effects."	( A tool for neutrophil guided dose adaptation in chemotherapy. Friberg, LE; Karlsson, MO; Wallin, JE, 2009)	0.35
" The dosage regimen of etoposide should be taken into consideration for potential drug interaction when combined with kaempferol or dietary supplements containing kaempferol in patients."	( Enhanced bioavailability of etoposide after oral or intravenous administration of etoposide with kaempferol in rats. Choi, JS; Li, C; Li, X, 2009)	0.96
" A novel five-drug combination of etoposide, vincristine, dactinomycin, ifosfamide, and doxorubicin (EVAIA) was evaluated for high-risk patients, but cumulative chemotherapy dosage and treatment duration were reduced for the remaining individuals as compared with that of the previous trial CWS-86."	( Cooperative trial CWS-91 for localized soft tissue sarcoma in children, adolescents, and young adults. Bielack, SS; Brecht, I; Dantonello, TM; Dickerhoff, R; Gadner, H; Greiner, J; Greulich, M; Harms, D; Herbst, M; Int-Veen, C; Juergens, H; Kirsch, S; Klingebiel, T; Koscielniak, E; Leuschner, I; Marky, I; Scheel-Walter, HG; Schmelzle, R; Schmidt, BF; Treuner, J, 2009)	0.63
" Clofarabine dosed at 52 mg/m2 was used in adult patients with refractory ALL to maximize response before allo-HSCT."	( The use of higher dose clofarabine in adults with relapsed acute lymphoblastic leukemia. Brown, AW; McGregor, BA; Osswald, MB; Savona, MR, 2009)	0.35
"Etoposide 50 mg/m(2), UFT 250 mg/m(2) and leucovorin 90 mg (fixed dose) were dosed in 3 gifts approximately 8h apart for 14 days followed by 1 week rest every 3 weeks until progressive disease (PD)."	( Oral UFT, etoposide and leucovorin in recurrent non-small cell lung cancer: a non-randomized phase II study. Aerts, JG; Gras, J; Hoogsteden, H; Pouw, E; Pronk, T; Salomé, J; Schmitz, PI; Surmont, V; Tan, KY; van Klaveren, RJ; Vernhout, R, 2009)	2.2
" The dosage regimen of etoposide in cancer therapy should take drug interaction into consideration when etoposide is administered with quercetin or dietary supplements containing quercetin."	( Effects of quercetin on the pharmacokinetics of Etoposide after oral or intravenous administration of etoposide in rats. Choi, JS; Li, X, 2009)	0.92
" Etoposide pharmacokinetic data support previous findings that question the utility of modified dosing in infants."	( Pharmacokinetics of carboplatin and etoposide in infant neuroblastoma patients. Boddy, AV; Cole, M; Ellershaw, C; Errington, J; Gerrard, M; Pearson, AD; Veal, GJ; Whyman, G, 2010)	1.55
" Whether PK-based busulfan dosing can achieve further improvements in this setting is worthy of study."	( Superior survival after replacing oral with intravenous busulfan in autologous stem cell transplantation for non-Hodgkin lymphoma with busulfan, cyclophosphamide and etoposide. Andresen, S; Bolwell, BJ; Copelan, EA; Curtis, J; Dean, RM; Kalaycio, ME; Pohlman, B; Rybicki, LA; Smith, SD; Sobecks, RM; Sweetenham, JW, 2010)	0.56
"To study the response rate (RR), toxicity, progression-free survival (PFS), and overall survival (OS) of the patients with recurrent or refractory epithelial ovarian cancer (EOC), who had oral etoposide at dosage of 75 mg/day."	( Oral etoposide for refractory or recurrent epithelial ovarian cancer. Leelahakorn, S; Manusirivithaya, S; Tangjitgamol, S; Thavaramara, T, 2009)	1.06
"Oral etoposide at a daily dosage of 75 mg is an active agent for refractory or recurrent EOC."	( Oral etoposide for refractory or recurrent epithelial ovarian cancer. Leelahakorn, S; Manusirivithaya, S; Tangjitgamol, S; Thavaramara, T, 2009)	1.38
" These results should allow a better individualization of etoposide dosing in children."	( Developmental pharmacokinetics of etoposide in 67 children: lack of dexamethasone effect. Auvrignon, A; Chastagner, P; Corradini, N; Doz, F; Gentet, JC; Giraud, C; Leblond, P; Rey, E; Rubie, H; Treluyer, JM; Urien, S; Vassal, G, 2011)	0.89
" BRCA1-IRIS abrogation of the homeostatic balance maintained by the p38MAPK-p53-WIP1 pathway suppressed cell death induced by a lethal dose of short-wavelength UV light, and high dosage of etoposide or H(2)O(2), and allowed cells to survive and proliferate post geno-/cell-toxic stresses."	( BRCA1-IRIS overexpression abrogates UV-induced p38MAPK/p53 and promotes proliferation of damaged cells. Allison, JM; Chock, K; Elshamy, WM, 2010)	0.55
" Etoposide potentiation in NMT-1R cells was manifested by the decrease in the slope of the radiation dose-response curve."	( In vitro interaction of high-LET heavy-ion irradiation and chemotherapeutic agents in two cell lines with different radiosensitivities and different p53 status. Ando, K; Fukawa, T; Furusawa, Y; Hirayama, R; Musha, A; Nakano, T; Takahashi, T; Yoshida, Y, 2010)	1.27
" Four early deaths within 3 mo, three cases of pneumonia, and six cases of mood depression at higher bevacizumab dosage were observed."	( Dose/dense metronomic chemotherapy with fractioned cisplatin and oral daily etoposide enhances the anti-angiogenic effects of bevacizumab and has strong antitumor activity in advanced non-small-cell-lung cancer patients. Abbruzzese, A; Addeo, R; Caraglia, M; Carbone, SF; Correale, P; Francini, G; Gotti, G; Licchetta, A; Martellucci, I; Migali, C; Remondo, C; Ricci, V; Rotundo, MS; Sperlongano, P; Tagliaferri, P; Tassone, P; Volterrani, L, 2010)	0.59
" Primary therapies were divided into four groups: radiotherapy alone, moderately dosed COPP/ABVD-like chemotherapies for intermediate and advanced stages and BEACOPP escalated."	( Impact of first- and second-line treatment for Hodgkin's lymphoma on the incidence of AML/MDS and NHL--experience of the German Hodgkin's Lymphoma Study Group analyzed by a parametric model of carcinogenesis. Diehl, V; Engert, A; Franklin, J; Hasenclever, D; Josting, A; Loeffler, M; Scholz, M, 2011)	0.37
" Results showed that etoposide induced apoptosis in a dose-response manner in both GC-1 and GC-2 cells."	( Etoposide induces apoptosis and upregulation of TACE/ADAM17 and ADAM10 in an in vitro male germ cell line model. Lizama, C; Ludwig, A; Moreno, RD, 2011)	2.13
" These combinations appear to be the most promising for in vivo pre-clinical studies, with a view to testing in melanoma patients as a continuous dosing strategy, due to the in vitro additive inhibitory effect on growth seen in both endothelial and cancer cells."	( Sorafenib enhances the in vitro anti-endothelial effects of low dose (metronomic) chemotherapy. Cawkwell, L; Little, SJ; Maraveyas, A; Murray, A; Stanley, P, 2010)	0.36
"Area under the curve (AUC) dosing is routinely carried out for carboplatin, but the chosen target AUC values remain largely empirical."	( Factors for hematopoietic toxicity of carboplatin: refining the targeting of carboplatin systemic exposure. Billaud, EM; Bobin-Dubigeon, C; Boisdron-Celle, M; Boyer, JC; Chatelut, E; Concordet, D; Durdux, C; Etienne-Grimaldi, MC; Evrard, A; Floquet, A; Gladieff, L; Laffont, CM; Lafont, T; Lansiaux, A; Le Guellec, C; Mazières, J; Mousseau, M; Ollivier, F; Pinguet, F; Schmitt, A, 2010)	0.36
"Prescribing, ordering and dispensing practices for etoposide base and etoposide phosphate are inconsistent across Australia, which could lead to dosing errors."	( Study to support the standardization of the prescribing, dispensing and labeling of etoposide formulations in Australia. Carrington, C; DO, C; Weir, J, 2010)	0.84
"Human T-cell lymphoma cell lines Hut-78 and Jurkat were treated with increasing doses of everolimus, alone or in combination with doxorubicin, etoposide, vincristine, or bortezomib, using different dosing schedules."	( Schedule-dependent inhibition of T-cell lymphoma cells by cotreatment with the mTOR inhibitor everolimus and anticancer drugs. He, XX; Huang, JJ; Huang, Y; Li, ZM; Lin, TY; Tian, Y; Xiao, J, 2012)	0.58
" With certain dosing schedules, everolimus showed synergism with doxorubicin, etoposide, and bortezomib, but antagonism with vincristine."	( Schedule-dependent inhibition of T-cell lymphoma cells by cotreatment with the mTOR inhibitor everolimus and anticancer drugs. He, XX; Huang, JJ; Huang, Y; Li, ZM; Lin, TY; Tian, Y; Xiao, J, 2012)	0.61
" This decrease suggests that daunorubicin, cytosine arabinoside, etoposide and mitoxantrone may impair the metabolism of other active substances metabolized by this isoenzyme, which should be taken into consideration in planning the dosage scheme in individual patients and considering interactions between drugs."	( Influence of anticancer therapy on oxidation phenotype and acetylation phenotype in patients with acute myeloblastic leukemia. Czarnik-Matusewicz, H; Ganczarski, G; Gąsiorowski, J; Głowacka, K; Kuliczkowski, K; Orzechowska-Juzwenko, K; Wiela-Hojeńska, A; Wołowiec, D; Łapiński, Ł, 2011)	0.61
" No significant dose-response relationship was found in terms of LRC."	( Sequential or concomitant chemotherapy in limited stage small-cell lung cancer. Anchisi, S; Bieri, S; Elhfidh, M; Khanfir, K; Matzinger, O; Mirimanoff, RO; Ozsahin, M; Zouhair, A, 2011)	0.37
"The PBPK model matched the pharmacokinetics in different dosing regimens in adults."	( Physiologically based pharmacokinetic modelling of high- and low-dose etoposide: from adults to children. Boos, J; Hempel, G; Kersting, G; Lippert, J; Willmann, S; Würthwein, G, 2012)	0.61
" Once MTD was defined, we expanded this dosing cohort to include patients with high-risk lymphoma due to activity seen during dose escalation."	( Phase I Study of Topotecan, Ifosfamide, and Etoposide (TIME) with autologous stem cell transplant in refractory cancer: pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic correlates. Dawson, JL; Field, TL; Fields, KK; Goldstein, SC; Kim, J; Lush, RM; Maddox, BL; Neuger, AM; Partyka, JS; Perkins, JB; Simonelli, CE; Sullivan, DM, 2011)	0.63
" Herein, we report the response to treatment with a fixed dosing schedule of ME or MEC in 65 patients treated for primary refractory or relapsed AML with intermediate or unfavorable risk cytogenetics."	( Mitoxantrone and etoposide with or without intermediate dose cytarabine for the treatment of primary induction failure or relapsed acute myeloid leukemia. Altman, J; Carlson-Leuer, K; Coyle, K; Frankfurt, O; Mehta, J; Newman, D; Rademaker, AW; Tallman, MS; Trifilio, SM, 2012)	0.72
" Etoposide was administered at a dosage of 30 or 60 mg/kg."	( Dominant lethal mutations of topoisomerase II inhibitors etoposide and merbarone in male mice: a mechanistic study. Attia, SM, 2012)	1.53
"The clinical advantage of pharmacokinetic (PK)-directed-based dosing on intravenous (i."	( Pharmacokinetic-directed high-dose busulfan combined with cyclophosphamide and etoposide results in predictable drug levels and durable long-term survival in lymphoma patients undergoing autologous stem cell transplantation. Ali, Z; Dada, MO; Flowers, CR; Graiser, M; Hutcherson, DA; McMillan, S; Waller, EK; Zhang, H, 2012)	0.61
" The pharmacokinetics of etoposide based on BSA dosing was best described with a 1-compartment structural model which was parameterised in terms of clearance (CL) and volume of distribution (V(d))."	( Clinical pharmacology of etoposide in children undergoing autologous stem cell transplantation for various solid tumours. Baheti, G; Davda, JP; Gordon, BB; Gwilt, PR; Manouilov, KK; McGuire, TR; Wall, D, 2013)	1
" It was designed to maximize cytoreduction via high dosing of synergistically interacting agents, while minimizing morbidity in patients with resistant neuroblastoma (NB) and ineligible for clinical trials due to myelosuppression from previous therapy."	( 5-day/5-drug myeloablative outpatient regimen for resistant neuroblastoma. Basu, EM; Cheung, NK; Kramer, K; Kushner, BH; Modak, S; Roberts, SS, 2013)	0.39
" Our objectives were to determine an equal or longer survival and lower toxicity by administering all 3 drugs with low dosage on day one, compared to the established guideline of 3-day administration."	( Combination of three cytotoxic agents in small-cell lung cancer. Dimitroulis, J; Kosmas, Ch; Stathopoulos, GP; Stathopoulos, J; Trafalis, D; Tsavdaridis, D, 2013)	0.39
" The overall responses to anticancer agents and resulting pharmacological dose-response profiles were not affected by the growth of tumor cells in the presence DRAQ7."	( Real-time cell viability assays using a new anthracycline derivative DRAQ7®. Akagi, J; Darzynkiewicz, Z; Dobrucki, J; Errington, R; Kordon, M; Matuszek, A; Smith, PJ; Takeda, K; Wlodkowic, D; Zhao, H, 2013)	0.39
" Etoposide acts weaker (the percentage of cell growth suppression during 48 h does not exceed 50%), but subsequently it has a basis for the creation of new dosage forms with prolonged action of Etoposide and chlorambucil for cancer therapy."	( [Prolonged release of chlorambucil and etoposide from poly-3-oxybutyrate-based microspheres]. Bonartsev, AP; Bonartseva, GA; Filatova, EV; Iakovlev, SG; Makhina, TK; Myshkina, VL, )	1.31
" Choosing the right combination partner for reovirus and a low dosage of the drug may help to both enhance reovirus-induced cancer elimination and reduce drug toxicity."	( Activation of p53 by chemotherapeutic agents enhances reovirus oncolysis. Ahn, DG; Gujar, S; Lee, PW; Marcato, P; Pan, D; Pan, LZ; Shmulevitz, M, 2013)	0.39
" Pre-treatment with SB203580, a p38MAPK inhibitor, dramatically sensibilized NB cells to etoposide, strongly reducing the dosage needed to inhibit tumorigenicity and neurosphere formation."	( p38MAPK inhibition: a new combined approach to reduce neuroblastoma resistance under etoposide treatment. Canepa, E; Colla, R; De Ciucis, CG; Domenicotti, C; Furfaro, AL; Marengo, B; Marinari, UM; Pronzato, MA; Ricciarelli, R; Traverso, N, 2013)	0.84
" The results showed that a major component of the cytotoxicity of therapeutic levels of etoposide is mediated by gap junctions composed of connexin 43(Cx43) and simvastatin at the dosage which does not induce cytotoxicity enhances etoposide toxicity by increasing gap junction coupling."	( Simvastatin-induced up-regulation of gap junctions composed of connexin 43 sensitize Leydig tumor cells to etoposide: an involvement of PKC pathway. Fu, Y; Peng, J; Tao, L; Wang, L; Wang, Q; Wu, D; Xu, C; Yu, M, 2013)	0.83
" Carboplatin is a second-generation, nonnephrotoxic platinum analog that can be hemodialyzed, although no formal guidelines are available regarding the dosing for patients receiving hemodialysis."	( Carboplatin pharmacokinetics in a patient receiving hemodialysis. Fetterly, GJ; Fong, MK; Iyer, RV; McDougald, LJ, 2014)	0.4
"Preclinical models show that an antiangiogenic regimen at low-dose daily (metronomic) dosing may be effective against chemotherapy-resistant tumors."	( A phase II trial of a multi-agent oral antiangiogenic (metronomic) regimen in children with recurrent or progressive cancer. Allen, JC; Bendel, AE; Campigotto, F; Chi, SN; Chordas, CA; Comito, MA; Goldman, S; Hubbs, SM; Isakoff, MS; Khatib, ZA; Kieran, MW; Kondrat, L; Manley, PE; Neuberg, DS; Pan, WJ; Pietrantonio, JB; Robison, NJ; Rubin, JB; Turner, CD; Werger, AM; Zimmerman, MA, 2014)	0.4
" As an integral component of the recommendation, computational dose-response modeling of toxicity pathways promises to provide mechanistic interpretation and prediction of adverse cellular outcomes."	( Dose-response modeling of etoposide-induced DNA damage response. Adeleye, Y; Andersen, ME; Clewell, RA; Li, Z; Sun, B; Zhang, Q, 2014)	0.7
" Because the estimated glomerular filtration rate, and therefore the carboplatin dose, is based on the serum creatinine level, dosing of carboplatin for amputees is a challenge."	( Dosing of carboplatin in a patient with amputated legs: A case report. Brouwers, EE; Huitema, AD; Kuck, EM; Rozemeijer, R; van Gorp, F; van Rens, MT, 2014)	0.4
" There were no dose-limiting toxicities reported in all EGCG dosing tiers."	( A phase I study of concurrent chemotherapy and thoracic radiotherapy with oral epigallocatechin-3-gallate protection in patients with locally advanced stage III non-small-cell lung cancer. Li, H; Sun, X; Xie, P; Xing, L; Yu, J; Zhang, X; Zhao, H; Zhu, W, 2014)	0.4
" This article reviews the current published literature on the dosing of pharmacologic agents used for HCT preparative regimens with specific focus on the obese patient population."	( Conditioning chemotherapy dose adjustment in obese patients: a review and position statement by the American Society for Blood and Marrow Transplantation practice guideline committee. Bubalo, J; Carpenter, PA; Leather, HL; Majhail, N; Marks, DI; Perales, MA; Pidala, J; Savani, BN; Shaughnessy, P; Wingard, J, 2014)	0.4
" The precision of carboplatin dosage based on eGFR was calculated."	( Reliability of estimated glomerular filtration rate in patients treated with platinum containing therapy. Daugaard, G; Feldt-Rasmussen, B; Gundgaard, MG; Lauritsen, J; Mortensen, MS; Oturai, PS, 2014)	0.4
" Low CMC value indicates that the copolymers are suitable for preparation of stable micelles useful in parenteral dosage forms."	( Uptake of etoposide in CT-26 cells of colorectal cancer using folate targeted dextran stearate polymeric micelles. Firozian, F; Hassanzadeh, F; Sadeghi-Aliabadi, H; Varshosaz, J, 2014)	0.8
" Hematologic and non-hematologic toxicity were similar except relatively lower the mean dosage of G-CSF, red blood cells and platelets transfusion on TAE arm."	( [Prospective multicentre study of chemotherapeutic regimen containing pirarubicin on the treatment of relapsed or refractory acute myeloid leukemia in adults]. Bi, K; Chen, F; Fan, J; Hou, M; Liu, G; Ran, X; Wang, J; Wang, L; Wang, M; Wang, X; Wang, Z; Xu, R; Yang, E; Yang, S; Yu, W; Zhao, H, 2014)	0.4
" During the dosing period, the individual plasma ETP concentrations decreased at every dose."	( Pharmacokinetics and toxicity of repeated oral etoposide is altered by morphine coadministration in rats. Iwanaga, K; Kakemi, M; Kawase, T; Kitamura, T; Miyazaki, M; Nishimura, C, 2015)	0.67
" However, an effective combination with other drugs and a feasible dosage has not been identified."	( Clinical efficacy of mitoxantrone and Ara-C with or without etoposide salvage chemotherapy in adult patients with relapsed or refractory acute lymphoblastic leukemia: retrospective multicenter study of the Korean Adult ALL Working Party. Ahn, JS; Chung, JS; Jo, DY; Joo, YD; Jung, SH; Kim, DY; Kim, I; Lee, JJ; Lee, KH; Moon, JH; Park, S; Shin, HJ; Sohn, SK; Song, IC; Yang, DH, 2015)	0.66
" MRD may serve as a biomarker for optimal biologic dosing of ARA-C, and SDAC regimen appears to yield more frequent MRD negativity."	( Minimal residual disease as biomarker for optimal biologic dosing of ARA-C in patients with acute myeloid leukemia. Amadori, S; Arcese, W; Buccisano, F; Cerretti, R; De Angelis, G; Del Principe, MI; Di Veroli, A; Ditto, C; Irno-Consalvo, M; Lo-Coco, F; Maurillo, L; Nasso, D; Panetta, P; Piciocchi, A; Refrigeri, M; Sarlo, C; Sconocchia, G; Venditti, A, 2015)	0.42
" We present a retrospective analysis of 73 consecutive patients aged over 65 years treated for aggressive or relapsed lymphoma by HDT with carmustine, etoposide, cytarabine and melphalan (BEAM) at full dosage followed by ASCT."	( High-dose chemotherapy with carmustine, etoposide, cytarabine and melphalan followed by autologous stem cell transplant is an effective treatment for elderly patients with poor-prognosis lymphoma. Barriere, J; Borchiellini, D; Boscagli, A; Coso, D; Garnier, G; Gastaud, L; Gutnecht, J; Martin, N; Naman, H; Petit, E; Peyrade, F; Re, D; Rossignol, B; Saudes, L; Thyss, A, 2015)	0.88
" Chemotherapy dosing was based on actual body weight regardless of obesity status, except for 5-day courses or pulse regimens of actD."	( Response to chemotherapy in overweight/obese patients with low-risk gestational trophoblastic neoplasia. Berkowitz, RS; Bernstein, MR; Goldstein, DP; Horowitz, NS; Maestá, I; Moulder, J; Ramírez, LA, 2015)	0.42
" Current chemotherapy dosing using BMI seems to be appropriate for overweight/obese patients with low-risk GTN."	( Response to chemotherapy in overweight/obese patients with low-risk gestational trophoblastic neoplasia. Berkowitz, RS; Bernstein, MR; Goldstein, DP; Horowitz, NS; Maestá, I; Moulder, J; Ramírez, LA, 2015)	0.42
"Recent studies in laboratory rodents have revealed that circadian oscillation in the physiologic functions affecting drug disposition underlies the dosing time-dependent change in pharmacokinetics."	( Circadian modulation in the intestinal absorption of P-glycoprotein substrates in monkeys. Iwasaki, M; Izumi, T; Katamune, C; Koyanagi, S; Matsunaga, N; Ohdo, S; Suzuki, N; Takahashi, M; Watanabe, N, 2015)	0.42
"Assessing the shape of dose-response curves for DNA-damage in cellular systems and for the consequences of DNA damage in intact animals remains a controversial topic."	( Approaches for characterizing threshold dose-response relationships for DNA-damage pathways involved in carcinogenicity in vivo and micronuclei formation in vitro. Andersen, ME; Clewell, RA, 2016)	0.43
" The maximum severity of OM (WHO grade 4) occurred in 6 patients (22%), none of whom was in the 80-μg/kg/day dosing group."	( Safety, Pharmacokinetics, and Efficacy of Palifermin in Children and Adolescents with Acute Leukemias Undergoing Myeloablative Therapy and Allogeneic Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation: A Pediatric Blood and Marrow Transplant Consortium Trial. Aquino, V; Duerst, R; Graham, M; Moore, T; Morris, C; Morris, J; Neudorf, S; Olsson, B; Rudebeck, M; Shah, AJ, 2016)	0.43
" The resultant conditions were applied for the selective and sensitive determination of etoposide from its commercial dosage form with the high accuracy values (99."	( A selective and sensitive stability-indicating HPLC method for the validated assay of etoposide from commercial dosage form and polymeric tubular nanocarriers. Algan, AH; Gumustas, M; Karatas, A; Ozkan, SA, 2016)	0.88
" Intraventricular etoposide was simultaneously administered with either oral or intravenous chemotherapy in 426 courses according to three major schedules varying in dosing (0."	( Intraventricular etoposide safety and toxicity profile in children and young adults with refractory or recurrent malignant brain tumors. Benesch, M; Bode, U; Fleischhack, G; Gnekow, A; Mikasch, R; Pajtler, KW; Pietsch, T; Reichling, S; Rutkowski, S; Siegler, N; Tippelt, S; Zimmermann, M, 2016)	1.11
" We describe its impact on bleomycin dosing in a phase 2 trial of accelerated BEP (bleomycin, etoposide, cisplatin) for advanced germ cell tumours."	( The effect of pulmonary function testing on bleomycin dosing in germ cell tumours. Chatfield, M; Friedlander, M; Grimison, P; Gurney, H; Houghton, B; Roncolato, FT; Rosenthal, M; Stockler, M; Thomson, D; Toner, G, 2016)	0.65
"The extrapolation of the Calvert formula has utility in calculating the CBDCA dosage for DeVIC ± R therapy, and therapeutic efficacy was increased by maintaining the AUC of CBDCA at ≥4."	( Evaluation of a method for calculating carboplatin dosage in DeVIC ± R therapy (combination therapy of dexamethasone, etoposide, ifosfamide and carboplatin with or without rituximab) as a salvage therapy in patients with relapsed or refractory non-Hodgkin Ando, M; Ando, Y; Emi, N; Hayashi, T; Inaguma, Y; Ito, K; Okamoto, A; Okamoto, M; Tomono, A; Tsuge, M; Yamada, S, 2016)	0.64
" The ifosfamide dosage was reduced to two-thirds of the original protocol."	( Dose-Modified Ifosfamide, Epirubicin, and Etoposide is a Safe and Effective Salvage Therapy with High Peripheral Blood Stem Cell Mobilization Capacity for Poorly Mobilized Hodgkin's Lymphoma and Non-Hodgkin's Lymphoma Patients. Arima, N; Fukunaga, A; Hyuga, M; Iwasaki, M; Kishimoto, W; Maesako, Y; Nakae, Y, 2016)	0.7
" To facilitate a therapeutic dose-monitoring protocol, we transitioned from Bu6 to daily Bu dosing for patients with Hodgkin and non-Hodgkin lymphoma undergoing autologous stem cell transplantation (ASCT)."	( Daily Weight-Based Busulfan with Cyclophosphamide and Etoposide Produces Comparable Outcomes to Four-Times-Daily Busulfan Dosing for Lymphoma Patients Undergoing Autologous Stem Cell Transplantation. Andresen, S; Bolwell, BJ; Carlstrom, KD; Dean, R; Gerds, A; Hamilton, B; Hill, BT; Jagadeesh, D; Kalaycio, M; Liu, H; Majhail, NS; Pohlman, B; Rybicki, L; Sobecks, R, 2016)	0.68
" Specific chemotherapy regimen given and radiation dosage were reviewed."	( Nonsurgical Management of Neuroendocrine Cancer of the Cervix: Brief Report. Algren, SD; Dziadek, OL; Ruiz, MP, 2016)	0.43
" We retrospectively analyzed the outcome of 79 adult patients who underwent auto-HSCT for lymphoma using this regimen in two centers, with 1- and 2-day dosing of MEL, respectively."	( Retrospective evaluation of the MEAM regimen as a conditioning regimen before autologous peripheral blood stem cell transplantation for lymphoma in two centers with different dosing schedules of melphalan. Ashizawa, M; Fujiwara, S; Hatano, K; Ito, S; Kako, S; Kanda, Y; Kawasaki, Y; Mashima, K; Minakata, D; Muroi, K; Nakano, H; Oh, I; Ohmine, K; Okazuka, K; Sato, K; Sugimoto, M; Suzuki, T; Umino, K; Yamamoto, C; Yamasaki, R, 2016)	0.43
" Severe myelosuppression was induced 2days after dosing in all dosing groups."	( Evaluation of in vivo gene mutation with etoposide using Pig-a and PIGRET assays. Wakata, A; Yamamoto, M, 2016)	0.7
"0), maximum tolerant dosage (MTD) was defined as the highest safely tolerated dose at which no more than one patient out of six experiences dose-limiting toxicity (Grades 4 hematologic), with the next higher dose having at least two out of six patients experience dose-limiting toxicity."	( [Phase I Study of Etoposide and Cisplatin Chemotherapy Dose Escalation with Concurrent Twice-daily Radiotherapy for Patients with Limited-stage Small Cell Lung Cancer]. Shi, A; Shi, C; Song, M; Wang, X; You, J; Yu, H; Yu, R; Zheng, Y; Zhu, G, 2017)	0.79
" This review notes interesting trends in the relationship between undernourishment and pharmacokinetics across studies, and indicates that dosing modifications of these drugs may be necessary to optimize chemotherapeutic treatments."	( Impact of Undernutrition on the Pharmacokinetics and Pharmacodynamics of Anticancer Drugs: A Literature Review. Guglieri-López, B; Merino, V; Merino-Sanjuán, M; Nacher, A; Pérez-Pitarch, A, )	0.13
" Pegylated liposomal doxorubicin was dosed at 40 mg/M every 28 days except in 7 patients (5 received PLD dosed at 30 mg/M in combination with carboplatin and 2 received PLD dosed at 20 mg/M, one of which was in combination with etoposide)."	( Efficacy of Pegylated Liposomal Doxorubicin in Low-Grade Serous Ovarian Carcinoma. Adbul-Karim, F; Link, N; Michener, CM; Radeva, M; Rose, PG, 2017)	0.64
"5 mg/day dosage of olanzapine is sufficient to prevent from CINV in Japanese patients receiving continuous five-day chemotherapy."	( Feasibility of olanzapine, multi acting receptor targeted antipsychotic agent, for the prevention of emesis caused by continuous cisplatin- or ifosfamide-based chemotherapy. Akagi, T; Bun, S; Fujiwara, Y; Hayashi, Y; Makino, Y; Noguchi, E; Shimizu, C; Shimoi, T; Shimomura, A; Tamura, K; Yonemori, K; Yunokawa, M, 2018)	0.48
" Patients are dosed at maximum tolerated dose (MTD), which is carefully determined in phase I studies."	( A systematic investigation of the maximum tolerated dose of cytotoxic chemotherapy with and without supportive care in mice. Aston, WJ; Hope, DE; Lake, RA; Lesterhuis, WJ; Nowak, AK; Robinson, BW, 2017)	0.46
"Although G-CSF is widely used to prevent or ameliorate leukopenia during cytotoxic chemotherapies, its optimal use is still under debate and depends on many therapy parameters such as dosing and timing of cytotoxic drugs and G-CSF, G-CSF pharmaceuticals used and individual risk factors of patients."	( Model-based optimization of G-CSF treatment during cytotoxic chemotherapy. Engel, C; Loeffler, M; Loibl, S; Schirm, S; Scholz, M, 2018)	0.48
" However, there is still limited data on the adherence of physicians to dosing recommendations for these drugs in cancer patients with renal impairment."	( Dose adjustment of cisplatin, etoposide, and ifosfamide according to kidney function: a retrospective analysis and implications for medication safety. Beckmann, MW; Dörje, F; Fromm, MF; Grafe, C; Hein, A; Mackensen, A; Semrau, S, 2018)	0.77
"This study shows that EP at high dosage or one of its excipients is probably responsible for AKI, as compared to CY."	( Acute kidney injury after high dose etoposide phosphate: A retrospective study in children receiving an allogeneic hematopoetic stem cell transplantation. Barnoud, D; Barthélémy, C; Béné, J; Bruno, B; Décaudin, B; Gautier, S; Lahoche, A; Odou, P; Petitpain, N; Pinçon, C; Simon, N; Vasseur, M, 2018)	0.76
" Drug dosing is based on body surface area calculation; recommendations for individual dosing do not exist yet."	( [Epigenetic effects affecting etoposide distribution and metabolism in the human body]. Erdélyi, DJ; Kovács, ER; Tóth, S, 2018)	0.77
" Because the dosing interval used for BV therapy was longer than that in the recommended schedule, we could not definitively attribute her recurrence to BV resistance."	( [Successful treatment with brentuximab vedotin maintenance therapy after autologous stem cell transplantation in high-risk Hodgkin lymphoma]. Azuma, Y; Fujita, S; Hotta, M; Ishii, K; Ito, T; Konishi, A; Miyaji, M; Nakanishi, T; Nakaya, A; Nomura, S; Satake, A; Tsubokura, Y; Yoshimura, H, )	0.13
"Carboplatin dosage is calculated by using the estimated glomerular filtration rate (GFR) to achieve a target plasma area under the plasma concentration-time curve (AUC)."	( Population pharmacokinetics of carboplatin, etoposide and melphalan in children: a re-evaluation of paediatric dosing formulas for carboplatin in patients with normal or mild impairment of renal function. Boddy, AV; Duong, JK; Errington, J; Ladenstein, R; Nath, CE; Shaw, PJ; Veal, GJ, 2019)	0.78
" A population pharmacokinetic model was built for carboplatin to evaluate various dosing formulas."	( Population pharmacokinetics of carboplatin, etoposide and melphalan in children: a re-evaluation of paediatric dosing formulas for carboplatin in patients with normal or mild impairment of renal function. Boddy, AV; Duong, JK; Errington, J; Ladenstein, R; Nath, CE; Shaw, PJ; Veal, GJ, 2019)	0.78
" This model-based approach validates the use of weight-based dosing as an appropriate alternative for carboplatin in children with either mild renal impairment or normal renal function."	( Population pharmacokinetics of carboplatin, etoposide and melphalan in children: a re-evaluation of paediatric dosing formulas for carboplatin in patients with normal or mild impairment of renal function. Boddy, AV; Duong, JK; Errington, J; Ladenstein, R; Nath, CE; Shaw, PJ; Veal, GJ, 2019)	0.78
"After four cycles of etoposide monotherapy at a oral dosage of 100 mg d1-7, q28, the patient had no evidence of disease according to human chorionic gonadotropin serum levels and imaging studies."	( Oral etoposide for metastatic choriocarcinoma: a case report and review of guidelines. Breitbach, GP; Costa, SD; Juhasz-Boess, I; Kuhn, W; Sklavounos, P; Solomayer, EF; Tempfer, C; Veith, C, 2019)	1.35
" Thirty patients were treated with the study regimen, consisting of alemtuzumab on day 1 of a 21 day cycle with standard dosing of DA-EPOCH for 6-8 cycles."	( Phase 1/2 study of alemtuzumab with dose-adjusted EPOCH in untreated aggressive T and NK cell lymphomas. Jaffe, ES; Lucas, A; Melani, C; Pittaluga, S; Roschewski, M; Roswarski, J; Steinberg, SM; Waldmann, TA; Wilson, WH, 2019)	0.51
" Efficacy assessment was based on incidence of FN and serious neutropenia (neutrophil count <500/μL), hospitalization days and chemotherapy dosage level."	( [Comparison of Pegfilgrastim and Filgrastim for the Primary Prophylactic Effect for Preventing Febrile Neutropenia in Patients Undergoing Rituximab with Dose-adjusted EPOCH Chemotherapy]. Izumitani, S; Kataoka, T; Matsuo, H; Murase, T; Nishigakiuchi, R; Saeki, Y; Sakurashita, H; Taogoshi, T, 2019)	0.51
" Predicted pharmacodynamic effects were measured in MCF-7 cells dosed with three target-specific compounds: growth stimulatory EGF, microtubule depolymerization agent nocodazole, and genotoxic chemotherapeutic drug etoposide."	( Multidimensional profiling of drug-treated cells by Imaging Mass Cytometry. Bouzekri, A; Esch, A; Ornatsky, O, 2019)	0.7
"Limited data are available on dosing etoposide in patients with liver impairment."	( Etoposide dosage adjustment in two patients with neuroendocrine tumors and severe liver impairment. Awad, W; Mashni, O; Qasem, K; Sara, AA, 2020)	2.27
"We report the dosing strategies for etoposide utilized in two patients with neuroendocrine tumors and severe liver impairment."	( Etoposide dosage adjustment in two patients with neuroendocrine tumors and severe liver impairment. Awad, W; Mashni, O; Qasem, K; Sara, AA, 2020)	2.28
"Vincristine, doxorubicin, and cyclophosphamide (VDC) alternating with ifosfamide and etoposide (IE) administered every 2 weeks demonstrated a superior event-free survival compared with 3-week dosing in a landmark pediatric trial and is now standard of care for younger patients."	( Feasibility of Treating Adults with Ewing or Ewing-Like Sarcoma with Interval-Compressed Vincristine, Doxorubicin, and Cyclophosphamide Alternating with Ifosfamide and Etoposide. Bassale, S; Davis, LE; Lim, JY; Lu, E; Ryan, CW, 2020)	0.98
"Treatment for malignant embryonal brain tumors in young children usually employs cycles of standardly dosed cisplatinum followed by high-dose carboplatinum-containing conditioning with single or tandem autologous stem cell rescue (HDC-ASCR)."	( Changes in glomerular filtration rate and clinical course after sequential doses of carboplatin in children with embryonal brain tumors undergoing autologous stem cell transplantation. Almutereen, M; Elborai, Y; Hafez, H; Lee, MA; Lehmann, L; Maher, OM, 2020)	0.56
" So, larger scale studies are needed to clarify the best approach to carboplatin dosing to insure the optimal balance between efficacy and toxicity."	( Changes in glomerular filtration rate and clinical course after sequential doses of carboplatin in children with embryonal brain tumors undergoing autologous stem cell transplantation. Almutereen, M; Elborai, Y; Hafez, H; Lee, MA; Lehmann, L; Maher, OM, 2020)	0.56
" One patient experienced renal dysfunction during the first HDCT, which was alleviated by sufficient hydration and diuretics and resulted in the reduction of melphalan dosage for the second HDCT."	( Tandem high-dose chemotherapy with autologous stem cell rescue for stage M high-risk neuroblastoma: Experience using melphalan/etoposide/carboplatin and busulfan/melphalan regimens. Arakawa, Y; Hiwatari, M; Hogetsu, K; Kato, S; Koh, K; Kubota, Y; Takita, J; Watanabe, K, 2020)	0.76
"Etoposide dosing is based on body surface area."	( Pharmacokinetic and Pharmacogenetic Study of Etoposide in High-Dose Protocol (TI-CE) for Advanced Germ Cell Tumors. Bay, JO; Chatelut, E; Chevreau, C; Delmas, C; Delva, R; Filleron, T; Fléchon, A; Gravis, G; Gross-Goupil, M; Lafont, T; Lotz, JP; Marsili, S; Massart, C; Moeung, S; Thomas, F, 2020)	2.26
"The present study suggests that neither a priori dose individualization nor dose adaptation using TDM is required validating body surface area dosing of etoposide in the TI-CE protocol."	( Pharmacokinetic and Pharmacogenetic Study of Etoposide in High-Dose Protocol (TI-CE) for Advanced Germ Cell Tumors. Bay, JO; Chatelut, E; Chevreau, C; Delmas, C; Delva, R; Filleron, T; Fléchon, A; Gravis, G; Gross-Goupil, M; Lafont, T; Lotz, JP; Marsili, S; Massart, C; Moeung, S; Thomas, F, 2020)	1.02
"Chemotherapy dosing has traditionally been based on a body surface area (BSA) calculation despite BSA dosing being problematic in a number of conditions, such as renal failure, liver failure, obesity, and sarcopenia."	( Chemotherapy dosing and toxicity in a patient with muscular dystrophy. Lomma, C; Ransom, D, 2018)	0.48
"The two dosing schemes (PO and IV) yield similar OS in ES and LS SCLC, however, patients in the PO arm did require more dose modifications."	( Comparison of oral versus intravenous etoposide in the management of small-cell lung cancer; A real-world, population-based study. Abdel-Rahman, O; Karachiwala, H; Morris, D; Tilley, D, 2021)	0.89
" Etoposide, which is largely used as an anti-cancerous agent against testicular, ovarian, small cell lung, colon and breast cancer in its liquid dosage form, has been selected to develop injectable nanocrystal suspensions designed to be transferred to the clinic."	( Preparation of parenteral nanocrystal suspensions of etoposide from the excipient free dry state of the drug to enhance in vivo antitumoral properties. Annereau, M; Bally, M; Corvis, Y; Fleury, T; Lai-Kuen, R; Lam, A; Martin, B; Mignet, N; Neri, G; Seguin, J, 2020)	1.72
" A gradual increase in manool doses did not cause a proportional reduction of preneoplastic lesions, thus demonstrating the absence of a dose-response relationship."	( Manool, a diterpene from Salvia officinalis, exerts preventive effects on chromosomal damage and preneoplastic lesions. Esperandim, TR; Fernandes, G; Furtado, RA; Nicolella, HD; Ozelin, SD; Ribeiro, AB; Rinaldi-Neto, F; Senedese, JM; Tavares, DC; Veneziani, RCS, 2021)	0.62
" In our study, LCLs from three 1000 Genomes Project populations of diverse ancestries were previously treated with increasing concentrations of eight chemotherapeutic drugs, and cell growth inhibition was measured at each dose with half-maximal inhibitory concentration (IC50) or area under the dose-response curve (AUC) as our phenotype for each drug."	( Genetically regulated expression underlies cellular sensitivity to chemotherapy in diverse populations. Dolan, ME; Mulford, AJ; Wheeler, HE; Wing, C, 2021)	0.62
" The cumulative dosage of etoposide was 2100 mg/m2."	( Secondary Leukemia in a Patient With EBV-HLH Carrying Heterozygous STXBP2 Variant. Liao, M; Yu, J, 2022)	1.02
" We describe agents commonly used and dosing adjustments made in light of extracorporeal organ support."	( Adjustments to pharmacologic therapies for hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis while on extracorporeal support. Barbaro, RP; Frame, DG; Walkovich, KJ; Weyand, AC, 2021)	0.62
"A total of 26 patients were dosed (cohort 3: 14; cohorts 1, 2, and 4 combined: 12)."	( A Phase 1 Study Evaluating Rovalpituzumab Tesirine in Frontline Treatment of Patients With Extensive-Stage SCLC. Burns, TF; Camidge, DR; Chen, C; Dowlati, A; Hann, CL; Koch, MM; Komarnitsky, P; Ludwig, C; Morgensztern, D; Nimeiri, H; Patel, M; Ward, PJ, 2021)	0.62
" Body size-based dosing is used for most anticancer drugs used in infants."	( Clinical pharmacology of cytotoxic drugs in neonates and infants: Providing evidence-based dosing guidance. Barnett, S; Bérénos, IM; Carruthers, V; Huitema, ADR; Kong, J; Lalmohamed, A; Nijstad, AL; Parke, E; Tweddle, DA; Veal, GJ; Zwaan, CM, 2022)	0.72
"DNA-damaging agents, such as radiation and chemotherapy, are common in cancer treatment, but the dosing has proven to be challenging, leading to severe side effects in some patients."	( Quantification of single-strand DNA lesions caused by the topoisomerase II poison etoposide using single DNA molecule imaging. Ekedahl, E; Hammarsten, O; Johansson, P; Lin, YL; Singh, V; Westerlund, F, 2022)	0.95
" Dosing was modified for elderly patients."	( Ofatumumab with iphosphamide, etoposide and cytarabine for patients with transplantation-ineligible relapsed and refractory diffuse large B-cell lymphoma. Borawska, A; Chełstowska, M; Dąbrowska-Iwanicka, A; Domańska-Czyż, K; Druzd-Sitek, A; Giebel, S; Knopińska-Posłuszny, W; Konecki, R; Kumiega, B; Lange, A; Malenda, A; Michalski, W; Mordak-Domagała, M; Najda, J; Osowiecki, M; Ostrowska, B; Paszkiewicz-Kozik, E; Pluta, A; Popławska, L; Romejko-Jarosińska, J; Rymkiewicz, G; Świerkowska, M; Szpila, T; Szymański, M; Targoński, Ł; Taszner, M; Walewski, J; Zaucha, JM, 2022)	1.01
" Heterogeneous dosing practices were observed."	( A multi-center analysis of the impact of DA-EPOCH-R dose-adjustment on clinical outcomes of patients with double/triple-hit lymphoma. Cerdeña, S; Cortese, MJ; Grover, NS; Haverkos, B; Hill, BT; Hughes, ME; Jodon, G; Kahl, BS; Kaiser, J; Kamdar, M; Landsburg, DJ; Namoglu, E; Olson, M; Orellana-Noia, V; Portell, C; Rainey, M; Rudoni, J; Snow, A; Sohail, M; Voorhees, T; Watkins, MP; Wei, W, 2023)	0.91
" Concerns about excessive toxicity-as many are infants and/or undergo nephrectomy-have resulted in decreased chemotherapy dosing and omission of the nephrotoxic drug ifosfamide in collaborative group studies."	( Tolerability of ifosfamide-containing regimen in patients with high-risk renal and INI-1-deficient tumors. Benedetti, DJ; Kao, PC; Ma, C; Marcus, KJ; Mullen, EA; Wong, CI, 2023)	0.91