protein-containing complex

Definition

Target type: cellularcomponent

A stable assembly of two or more macromolecules, i.e. proteins, nucleic acids, carbohydrates or lipids, in which at least one component is a protein and the constituent parts function together. [GOC:dos, GOC:mah]

A protein-containing complex is a group of two or more associated polypeptide chains, often with non-protein components, that interact to carry out a specific function. These complexes can range in size and complexity, from simple dimers of two proteins to large multi-protein assemblies with dozens of subunits. The cellular component of a protein-containing complex refers to its location and association within the cell. It describes where the complex is found and how it interacts with other cellular structures. Here are some key aspects of the cellular component of a protein-containing complex:

1. **Location within the cell:** The complex might reside in a specific organelle, such as the nucleus, cytoplasm, mitochondria, endoplasmic reticulum, Golgi apparatus, or plasma membrane. It can also be localized to specific subcellular compartments within these organelles.

2. **Association with other cellular structures:** The complex might be directly associated with other cellular structures like membranes, cytoskeletal elements, or other protein complexes. These associations can influence the complex's function and stability.

3. **Dynamic nature:** The location and associations of protein-containing complexes can be dynamic, changing in response to cellular signals or environmental cues. This allows for flexibility and regulation of complex function.

4. **Functional significance:** The cellular location of a complex is often crucial for its function. For instance, a complex located in the nucleus might be involved in DNA replication or transcription, while a complex in the cytoplasm could be involved in signaling or protein synthesis.

5. **Specific examples:** Examples of protein-containing complexes and their cellular locations include:
- **Ribosomes:** Found in the cytoplasm and involved in protein synthesis.
- **DNA polymerase:** Localized in the nucleus and responsible for DNA replication.
- **Cytoskeletal proteins:** Assemble into filaments and networks within the cytoplasm, providing structural support and cell motility.
- **Signal transduction complexes:** Assemble on the cell membrane and transmit signals from the outside of the cell to the inside.

Understanding the cellular component of protein-containing complexes is essential for comprehending their biological roles and how they contribute to the overall functioning of the cell.'
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Proteins (164)

Compounds (4,729)